戊: 454 Terms and Phrases
- 戊
- 5th in rank
- fifth sign of the Chinese calendar
- Bo
- 5th calendar sign
- 戊夜
- fifth division of the night (approx. 3 am to 5 am)
- 戊寅
- 15th of the sexagenary cycle
- 戊戌
- 35th of the sexagenary cycle
- 戊辰
- fifth of the sexagenary cycle
- Tsuchiya
- Boshin
- 戊子
- twenty-fifth of the sexagenary cycle
- Boshi
- 戊午
- 55th of the sexagenary cycle
- 戊種
- person whose physical suitability for conscription in the former Japanese military could not be determined in that year (e.g. due to illness)
- 戊申
- 45th of the sexagenary cycle
- Shigenobu
- Boshin
- 戊辰戦争
- Boshin War (Japanese civil war between Imperial and shogunate forces, 1868-1869)
- Boshinsensou
- The Boshin War
- 戊申詔書
- Imperial Rescript of 1908
- 戊午の密勅
- Bogo no Mitchoku (a secret imperial decree)
- 戊戌の変法
- Hundred Days' Reform
- 戊辰書道会
- The Boshin (戊辰) Shodo-Kai association
- 戊辰戦争の人物
- People of the Boshin War
- 戊辰戦争への道
- Road to the Boshin War
- 幕末、戊辰戦争
- End of Edo period, and Boshi Civil War
- 明和戊子晩春。
- Late spring, year 5 of the Meiwa era
- 戊辰戦争に従軍。
- He took a part in the campaign of the Boshin War.
- He took part in Boshin War.
- 戊辰切(朗詠集)
- Boshin gire (Fragment of the Boshin Edition of Wakan Roei Shu (Japanese and Chinese Poems to Sing))
- 戊辰戦争での活躍
- Activities in Boshin War
- 戊辰戦争と錦の御旗
- The Boshin War and the Imperial Standard
- 538年(戊午)説
- The theory of 538 (Bogo)
- 「戊辰戦争軍功賞典表」
- List of rewards for military service in the Boshin War'
- 戊辰戦争・大総督府軍監
- The deputy commander of the government general (the anti-shogunate army) in the Boshin War
- 戊辰戦争にも参戦した。
- He also participated in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争と慶応4年の一揆
- Boshin Civil War and uprisings in 1868
- 戊辰戦争勃発と慶喜追討令
- The outbreak of the Boshin Civil War and the decree to search and kill Yoshinobu
- 戊辰戦争の終了、版籍奉還
- The Boshin War ended and lands and people were returned to the emperor
- 戊辰役東軍西軍激戦之地碑
- Monument for the site of the fierce battle between the eastern and western forces in the Boshin War
- 戊辰戦争・東征大総督就任
- The Boshin War, the assumption to the Great Governor-General in charge of the military expedition to the east
- 和銅元年戊申 天皇の御製
- A preface to the following waka goes: a poem composed by the Empress in 708.
- 戊辰戦争時の談話を残す。
- Some stories about the Boshin War told by him have been handed down for generations.
- 『昭和切』、『戊辰切』など
- 'Showagire (Fragment of the Showa Edition of the Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poems)', 'Boshingire (Fragment of the Boshin Edition of the Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poems)', etc.
- こうして戊辰戦争も終わった。
- And thus the Boshin War ended.
- 戊辰戦争の時、幕府側に附く。
- In the Boshin War he sided with bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 奇兵隊に入隊、戊辰戦争に参戦
- He joined the Kihei-tai Troop and fought in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では薩摩藩に属した。
- During the Boshin War, he was with the Satsuma clan.
- 戊辰戦争の功労者に与えられた。
- The rewards were given to those who had given distinguished service in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争が始まってからの入隊。
- Eikichi joined the Shinsengumi after the outbreak of the Boshin Civil War.
- 明治元年(1868年)戊辰戦争
- 1868: The Boshin War broke out.
- 戊辰戦争勃発後、新選組に入隊。
- After the outbreak of the Boshin War, he joined the Shisengumi.
- 戊辰戦争には新政府軍として参戦。
- He fought in the Boshin War on the New government army side.
- 戊辰戦争時、上野戦争に参戦した。
- During the time of Boshin War, he fought in Battle of Ueno.
- 戊辰戦争では東北地方を転戦した。
- In Boshin War, he moved from place to place in the Tohoku region to fight.
- (その後、父は戊辰戦争で戦死。)
- (Later, his father was killed in the Boshin War.)
- 彦三郎2歳の時に戊辰戦争が勃発。
- When Hikosaburo was two, the Boshin War broke out.
- 戊辰戦争では新政府軍に所属した。
- In the Boshin War, he belonged to the New government army.
- 戊辰戦争(1868年~1869年)
- Boshin War (1868 – 1869)
- 戊辰戦争で仙台藩は会津藩に味方した。
- In the Boshin War, Sendai Domain took the side of Aizu Domain.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発した後に新選組に入隊。
- After the outbreak of Boshin War, he joined the Shisengumi.
- 戊辰戦争による除封改易はこの一家のみ。
- The punishment of jofu (kaieki) was given only to this family.
- 「戊辰役東軍戦死者埋骨地」の碑を残す。
- There is a monument inscribed as follows: 'The graveyard for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War.'
- 戊辰戦争では、新政府軍に味方している。
- In the Boshin Civil War, he supported the New government army.
- その後、箱館まで戊辰戦争を戦い抜いた。
- Afterwards, he fought on the Boshin War through the battle in Hakodate.
- 「戊辰書道会」第1回展(日本美術協会)。
- The first exhibition of the Boshin (戊辰) Shodo-kai association was held (at the Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai).
- 藩の精義隊に参加し、戊辰戦争に参戦する。
- He participated in the Seigi Tai (corps) in the clan, and fought in the Boshin War.
- 明治元年(1868年)の戊辰戦争に参加。
- He took part in Boshin Civil War in 1868.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発。
- In 1868, the Boshin War broke out.
- 本居宣長、鶴峰戊申、那珂通世らが唱えた説。
- This theory was advocated by Norinaga MOTOORI, Shigenobu TSURUMINE, and Michiyo NAKA.
- 慶応四年戊辰三月 総裁名印 公卿諸侯各名印
- (modern written Japanese) 慶応四年戊辰三月 総裁名印 公卿諸侯各名印 (on March 1868, signatures of president, Kugyo and lords.)
- 戊辰戦争 (上野戦争、函館戦争、会津戦争)
- Boshin War (Battle of Ueno, Battle of Hakodate, Aizu War)
- (てんくう):戌、戊、土(陽)、土用、北西
- Tenku: dog, bo (戊), earth (yang), canicular days, northwest
- (こうちん):辰、戊、土(陽)、土用、南東
- Kochin: dragon, bo (戊), earth (yang), canicular days, southeast
- 戊午の歳の2月、船団を出して浪速国に至る。
- In February, the year of bogo, he dispatched a fleet to Namihaya no kuni.
- 戊辰戦争では干城隊士として奥羽に出陣した。
- In Boshin Civil War, he went to the front of the Ou district as a member of Kanjo-tai.
- 戊辰戦争では北越や会津における戦線を戦った。
- During the Boshin War, he fought at the front in the Hokuetsu and Aizu area.
- 書跡に「戊辰切」「葦手下絵和漢朗詠集」がある。
- His written documents that are still present today are 'Boshin-gire' (fragment) and 'Ashide-shitae Wakan Roeishu' (Selections from the Anthology of Japanese and Chinese poems to Sing, over a manuscript with 'reed' script, second fascicle).
- 728年(戊申年神亀5年)に飛鳥寺で受戒した。
- In 728, he received religious precepts at Asuka-dera Temple.
- 戊辰戦争においては関東観察使として江戸へ赴く。
- During the Boshin War, he went to Edo as the Kanto Kansatsu-shi (Inspector of the Kanto Region).
- この「戊辰年」は、西暦608年と推定されている。
- It is conjectured that the '戊辰年' means the year of 608.
- 西郷頼母(会津藩家老。戊辰戦争の際の会津藩首脳)
- Tanomo SAIGO (A Karo officer in the Aizu domain. In Boshin Civil War, he was one of the main figures from the Aizu domain.)
- 旧幕府軍と新政府軍は激突し戊辰戦争が開始された。
- The battle between the former Shogunate and the new government's forces marked the beginning of the Boshin War.
- 榎本武揚らは新政府軍に降伏し戊辰戦争は終結した。
- Takeaki ENOMOTO as well as others surrendered to the new government's forces, and the Boshin War ended.
- 戊辰戦争では参謀となり従軍し、会津藩を攻略した。
- He joined the army as a staff officer in the Boshin War and captured the domain of Aizu.
- 戊辰戦争第5の役函館戦争(五稜郭の戦い)に参戦。
- He participated in the Hakodate War (War at Goryokaku), the fifth stage of the Boshin War.
- 上野戦争から箱館戦争まで、戊辰戦争を戦い抜いた。
- He fought through the Boshin War, from the Battle of Ueno to the Battle of Hakodate.
- 春の土用(立夏前):甲子日~戊辰日(東方に遊行)
- Doyo (last 18 days of the season) of spring (before the first day of summer): Kinoene no hi - Tsuchinoetatsu no hi (wanders to the east)
- 戊辰戦争では鳥羽伏見の戦いを経て会津戦争に参戦。
- In the Boshin War, he fought in the Aizu War after fighting in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi
- 因幡鳥取藩に付属し官軍に加わって戊辰戦争を戦った。
- They were associated with Inaba and Tottori domains, and fought as part of the loyalist forces in the Boshin War.
- ろ号券 戊号券のうち「ろ」で始まる記号があるもの。
- Rogo-ken Notes: it has signs that started with 'Ro' of Igo-ken Notes.
- 肥前佐賀藩が使用し、戊辰戦争では多大な戦果を挙げた。
- The Hizen-Saga clan used the guns and achieved great results in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では、奥羽征討総督として官軍の指揮を執った。
- He led the imperial army as the Governor-general for suppressing Ou province in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いの舞台にもなった。
- It also became a battleground for the Battle of Toba-Fushimi which was the beginning of the Boshin War.
- (分注、戊子の年の三月十五日癸丑の日に崩りましき)。
- (Note: she passed away on April 15, 628).
- 戊辰戦争時は、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに参戦。
- During the Boshin War, he participated in the Battle of Toba and Fushimi and The Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- これら戊辰戦争の功で、のちに賞典禄200石を賜った。
- For his merits in Boshin War, he received the reward stipend of 200 koku of rice.
- 戊辰戦争では約1100名が旧幕府軍の主力として戦った。
- At the Boshin War, 1100 soldiers of this army fought as the main force of the Old Shogunate army.
- 戊号券 丁号券の表記を「大日本帝国政府」に変更して発行
- Igo-ken Notes: the letters printed on Teigo-ken Notes were changed into 'the Government of the Empire of Japan' to be issued.
- 戊辰戦争では東山道総督府参謀に任ぜられ各地を転戦する。
- In the Boshin War, he was assigned to an officer in charge of strategies at Tosando Sotokufu (the Tosando Viceroy Headquarters), and he fought battles at various places.
- 第33代 推古天皇(戊子、推古天皇36年(628年))
- The 33rd Empress Suiko (Tsuchinoene in 628)
- 戊辰戦争から薩摩に凱旋すると、門閥排斥の先頭に立った。
- After he returned to Satsuma triumphantly from the Boshin War, he led the movement to stop the ruling based on the pedigreed vassal families.
- 財源は戊辰戦争で敗れた諸藩から没収した所領が充てられた。
- These premiums were funded through confiscated territories of domains that were defeated in the Boshin War.
- その後戊辰戦争の各地の戦いで薩長両軍を中心に使用された。
- The army of the Satsuma clan and the Choshu clan put it up at many battle fields of the Boshin War.
- 明治2年5月18日 (旧暦) 旧幕府軍降伏 戊辰戦争終結
- May 18 1869, the army of the former shogunate surrendered, and the Boshin War ended.
- 林信太郎……1868年10月27日、戊辰戦争の際、討死。
- Shintaro HAYASHI: Died October 27, 1868 fighting in the Boshin War
- 戊辰戦争の際にはその戦功により賞典禄50石が与えられた。
- In the Boshin Civil War, their contributions were rewarded with Shotenroku (additional rice stipends) of 50 goku.
- 1868年(慶応4年)に新政府軍との戊辰戦争が始まった。
- The Boshin War broke out against the army of the new government in 1868.
- 戊辰戦争では北陸道鎮撫総督・会津征討総督の参謀となった。
- During the Boshin War, he was posted to the staff of the Admiral in charge during the Hokurikudo repression and similarly during the Aizu subjugation.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、藩主小笠原長行に従って会津へ入る。
- At the outbreak of the Boshin War, he followed the lord of domain, Nagamichi OGASAWARA, and went into Aizu.
- 戊辰戦争時、回天隊隊士として各地を転戦後、蝦夷地へ渡る。
- During the Boshin War, he moved from place to place to fight as a member of Kaitentai, and then he went to Ezo.
- 戊辰戦争では奥羽鎮撫総督参謀、整武隊参謀として活躍する。
- During the Boshin War, he served as a general staff at Ou Chinbu Sotoku (Commander Office of Ou region suppression campaign), and at the Seibutai corps.
- 明治41年(1908年)7月 政党・戊申倶楽部設立に参加。
- In July, 1908, he was involved in the establishment of the Boshin club party.
- 今井信郎はその副隊長になり、戊辰戦争を箱館まで戦い抜いた。
- Nobuo IMAI became the deputy leader of this Shohotai and fought in the Boshin War until to the Battle of Hakodate.
- 戊辰戦争と受けた被害のことは生々しく民衆の間に残っていた。
- The people living there remembered vividly the Boshin War and the damage given to them during the war.
- 一部は部隊規模で脱走し、戊辰戦争では各地で戦闘を繰り広げた。
- Some troops escaped, and in various places, they joined the battles in Boshin War.
- 類稀な軍略家であり、薩英戦争や戊辰戦争で大きな功績を挙げた。
- Masaharu was an exceptional military strategist and made great contribution to Anglo-Satsuma War and Boshin Civil War.
- 戊辰戦争勃発後は、土方歳三の側近を務めて、共に蝦夷地へ渡航。
- After the Boshin War broke out, he served as a close retainer of Toshizo HIJIKATA and went to Ezo with him.
- 戊辰戦争時、勇処刑の知らせを聞いた勇五郎は板橋で処刑を目撃。
- After being informed of the planned execution of Isami during the Boshin War, Yugoro witnessed his execution in Itabashi,
- その後、中央政局は王政復古 (日本)、戊辰戦争へと推移した。
- After that, the central political situation developed towards the Restoration of Imperial Rule and the Boshin Civil War.
- 長州征討と戊辰戦争で長州藩兵を指揮し、勝利の立役者となった。
- He commanded Choshu forces in the Choshu War and the Boshin War, becoming the architect of triumph.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、戊辰戦争では東海道鎮撫副総督となる。
- In 1868, he filled a post of the lieutenant governor of the force calming Tokaido in the Boshin War.
- 討幕派と旧幕府勢力による戊辰戦争を経て明治新政府を成立させた。
- After the Boshin War between the anti-Shogunate faction and the former Shogunate force, the New Meiji government came into existence.
- 7月、「戊辰書道会」結成(参考:書道団体の離合集散(戦前))。
- July: The Boshin (戊辰) Shodo-kai association was established (refer to the item of 'Alignment and realignment of calligraphic bodies - before the war').
- 慶応4年/明治元年の干支が戊辰だったことからこの名で呼ばれる。
- The civil war was named after the Chinese zodiac sign for the year 1868, 'Boshin'.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは新政府側に属し、続く戊辰戦争にも転戦する。
- They belonged to the new government's side in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, and also participated in the Boshin Civil War which followed.
- 戊辰戦争では京都に上って薩摩藩主島津忠義の護衛をするなどした。
- At the Boshin War, Jinmaku went to Kyoto to protect Tadayoshi SHIMAZU, the lord of the Satsuma Domain.
- また明治維新には民間人として榎本武揚に加わり戊辰戦争を戦った。
- During the Meiji Restoration, he joined the army led by Takeaki ENOMOTO although he had been just a citizen, and he fought in the Boshin War.
- 会津藩に属して戊辰戦争を戦っている時期には一瀬伝八を名乗った。
- During the period of his involvement in the Boshin War, he belonged to the domain of Aizu, and he identified himself as Dempachi ICHINOSE.
- 十二月戊辰(ぼしん)朔壬申(じんしん)、始めて冠位のことを行う。
- On the fifth day of the twelfth month, the system of cap ranks was introduced for the first time.
- 例:「二塔天寳十七年戊戌中立在之」(『葛項寺造塔記』758 年)
- For example, '二塔天寳十七年戊戌中立在之' ('葛項寺造塔記,' 758).
- 概ね黒船来航(1853年)から戊辰戦争(1869年)までを言う。
- The period extends from 1853 when the Black Ships arrived in Japan to 1869 when the Boshin War ended.
- 島田は加賀藩の足軽として第一次長州征伐、戊辰戦争に参加している。
- Shimada was a ashigaru (common foot soldier) soldier of the Kaga Domain, fighting in the First conquest of Choshu and the Boshin Civil War.
- 明倫館で学んだ後、奇兵隊に入隊して長州征討や戊辰戦争に従軍する。
- After leaning at Meirinkan school, he joined Kiheitai Army and took part in the Choshu Conquest and the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では大坂にあって新政府軍の軍事費などの財政処理を務めた。
- In Boshin Civil War he was engaged in the financial transactions of New government including army's military expenditure.
- 戊辰戦争では薩摩藩の中村半次郎に属し、鳥羽伏見の戦いなどに参加。
- In the Boshin War, he worked under Hanjiro NAKAMURA, statesman of the Satsuma clan and joined in wars including the battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 実麗の子の橋本実梁(さねやな)は、戊辰戦争で東海道鎮撫総督となる。
- Saneyana HASHIMOTO, the son of Saneakira, became the General of the force controlling Tokaido in the Boshin War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府の山陰鎮撫使に降伏する。
- In the Boshin War of 1868, the Kameyama Domain surrendered to an agent of the new government.
- - 旧御三家及び旧大藩知事(戊辰戦争後の時点で現米15万石以上)。
- Former Gosanke (three privileged branches) and former prefectural governors of large scale domains (with more than 150,000 koku, or approximately 27 million liters of rice yield after Boshin War)
- 戊辰戦争が勃発した際、松平兵庫頭率いる貫義隊に入隊して江戸を脱走。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he joined Kangi-tai led by Hyogonokami Matsudaira and run away from Edo.
- 禁門の変・長州征伐・戊辰戦争などに関与し、明治維新に到るのであった。
- They were involved in the Kinmon Incident, the Choshu Conquest and the Boshin War, and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、戊辰戦争が勃発した際、茂承は病に倒れていた。
- In 1868, when the Boshin Civil War began, Mochitsugu was suffering from disease.
- 戊辰戦争では尊攘派の浪士達を糾合して有栖川宮熾仁親王の軍勢に加わる。
- He rallied masterless samurais of Sonno Joi party and joined the troop of Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito in Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争に参戦し、その功績により歩兵から士官に取り立てられたと言う。
- He fought in the Boshin War and it is said that he made a great achievement and was promoted from a foot soldier to an officer.
- 陸軍参謀兼海陸軍参謀として官軍を率い、戊辰戦争や箱館戦争で勝利した。
- He won victories in the Boshin War and the Battle of Hakodate, leading the Imperial army as general staff of the army and of the navy and army.
- 明治2年(1869年)9月、戊辰戦争の終結を受けて謹慎を解除される。
- In September of 1869 Yoshinobu's disciplinary confinement was lifted as a result of the end of Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争が起こると、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦い、会津戦争に転戦。
- When the Boshi War started, he fought in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, The Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and the Aizu War.
- 戊辰戦争では、政府軍に属して佐賀藩海軍の陽春丸船将として箱館に出征。
- He belonged to the Pro-Imperial force, and went to battle in Hakodate as the commander of the Saga clan navy's ship, Yoshunmaru.
- 奇兵隊ほか長州藩諸隊は官軍の一部となり、旧幕府軍との戊辰戦争で戦った。
- Kiheitai Army and other Choshu Domain's troops became a part of Imperial army fighting against old Shogunate army in the Boshin War.
- 王政復古から戊辰戦争にかけて活躍した藩主・公卿・藩士などに給付された。
- The rewards were awarded to lords of domains, nobles, or warriors who demonstrated significant achievements over the Boshin War, or the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 戊辰戦争で敗れた長岡藩は7万4000石から2万4000石に減知された。
- The territory of Nagaoka domain, which lost the Boshin War, was reduced from 74,000 koku crop yields to 24,000 koku crop yields.
- 戊辰戦争従軍の後、明治4年(1871年)3月、陸軍に入り御親兵に属す。
- After taking a part in Boshin War, in March 1871, he entered the Japanese Army to belong to Goshimpei (army to convoy the Emperor).
- 戊辰戦争では、鳥羽伏見の戦いで貫通銃創の重傷を負うも、各地を転戦した。
- Although he got a serious wound caused by a gunshot penetrating his body at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he fought battles at various places during the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争で上野戦争に敗戦後、北白川宮能久親王を護衛して会津藩へ向かう。
- After losing the Battle of Ueno in the Boshin War, he guarded Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa to Aizu Domain.
- 慶応4年(明治元年)の戊辰戦争の勃発によって各地で世直し一揆が再燃した。
- When the Boshin Civil War broke out in 1868, insurgence associated with the social reform movement flared up again in local provinces.
- 大政奉還により幕府が消滅した後も所属部隊の多くが戊辰戦争で戦闘を続けた。
- Many troops of bakufu rikugun continued battles in Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- しかし江戸開城自体は、戊辰戦争史全体の中では序盤に位置する事件であった。
- However, in reality, the surrender of the Edo-jo Castle was the opening chapter phase into the entire history of the Boshin Civil War.
- 戊辰戦争・鳥羽伏見の戦い等転戦し明治4年(1871年)7月、陸軍に入る。
- After participating in the Boshin War and the Battle of Toba Fushimi as well as others, he joined the Army in July, 1871.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では東北に出兵し、新政府軍として戦った。
- In 1868, when the Boshin War broke out, he went to Tohoku district with his troops and fought as a member of the New government army.
- 以後の戊辰戦争では山陰道鎮撫総督、会津口征討大参謀として各地を転戦する。
- Following this, during the Boshin War, he fought in various locations serving as the Admiral in the sanin-do repression and as a Senior Staff to subdue Aizu-guchi.
- 設置の当初は戊辰戦争の最中で、新潟、佐渡、箱館は新政府の支配の外にあった。
- When these local courts were installed, Japan was in the middle of the Boshin War, and Niigata, Sado and Hakodate did not fall under the control of the new government yet.
- 春野は忠尚の長男として生まれ、遠州報国団として父と共に戊辰戦争に従軍する。
- Haruno was born as the first-born son of Tadanao, and departed to the front of Boshin War as a member of Enshu Hokoku-dan (a troop mainly consisted of priesthoods and wealthy farmers in Shizuoka Prefecture) along with his father.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発すると、蝦夷地鎮撫を朝廷へ進言した。
- When the Boshin War began in 1868, he advised the Imperial Court to suppress Ezo.
- 仙台藩の亘理(現、宮城県亘理郡亘理町)の領主で、戊辰戦争では海道筋に出兵。
- Kunishige was the feudal lord of Watari in Sendai Domain (now Watari Town, Watari County, Miyagi Prefecture), and dispatched troops to the coastal route in Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争では鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いを経て、母成峠の戦いで戦死した。
- In the Boshin War, he fought in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and The Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and was killed on the field of the Battle of Bonari-toge.
- 戊辰戦争の際、甥に当たる明治天皇に手紙を書き、将軍徳川慶喜の助命を嘆願した。
- During the Boshin War, she wrote to her nephew, Emperor Meiji asking to spare the Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's life.
- その後も在隊し、翌4年(1868年)に勃発した戊辰戦争に身を投じ、戦死した。
- He remained to be a member after that, and plunged into the Boshin War that had broken out in the following year 1868, to be killed on the field..
- 慶応4年(1868年)1月からの戊辰戦争では、藩内で佐幕派と尊王派が争った。
- In the Boshin War from January 1868, the Sasayama clan was divided into two factions, the Sabaku and the Sonno, and they fought each other.
- 大正6年(1917年)8月、戊辰戦争殉難者50年祭典の際、式半ばにして降雨。
- In August 1917, at the time of 50th Ceremony of Boshin War martyrs, it started raining in the middle of the ceremony.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、徳川慶喜が大政奉還を行い、続いて戊辰戦争が起こった。
- Following Taisei Hokan by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA in 1868, the Boshin War broke out.
- 戊辰戦争の最終地である箱館五稜郭へと転戦し、主に箱館市中の取締の任にあたる。
- After having fought in various battles, he reached Hakodate Goryokaku, which was the final field of the Boshin War, and he took charge of controlling Hakodate City mainly.
- 正門前に「戊辰役東軍戦死者之碑」、敷地内に「戊辰役東軍戦死者埋骨地」を残す。
- In front of the main gate there is a monument inscribed with 'The monument for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War,' and on the grounds there is a monument inscribed with 'The graveyard for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War.'
- モリソン号事件を知った高野長英は「戊戌夢物語」で幕府の異国船打払令に反対した。
- Choei TAKANO, learning about the Morrison incident, opposed the edict to repel foreign vessels issued by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in his book 'Bojutsu yumemonogatari.'
- しかしながら、反発する薩摩藩、長州藩らとの内戦(戊辰戦争)に敗北し、瓦解した。
- However, the bakufu was defeated in the civil war with Satsuma domain and Choshu domain against such a move of the bakufu (Boshin Civil War) and was ruined.
- 大正6年(1917年)9月8日、盛岡において戊辰戦争殉難者50年祭が開かれた。
- On September 8, 1917, the 50th Ceremony for Boshin War martyrs was held in Morioka.
- 明治維新、戊辰戦争時には榎本武揚らと共に函館市五稜郭に立て篭り新政府軍に抵抗。
- During the Meiji Restoration and the Boshin War, he barricaded himself in Goryokaku castle of Hakodate City with Takeaki ENOMOTO and other, and resisted the army of the new government.
- 国周の役者絵は、戊辰戦争を受けて不況となった歌舞伎界を盛り上げたともといえる。
- It can be said that Kunichika's portraits of Kabuki actors helped boosting the popularity of the Kabuki community, which had suffered a slump because of the Boshin War.
- 中川小十郎は、戊辰戦争以来西園寺公望に仕えていた丹波の郷士の中川家に生まれた。
- He was born in the Nakagawa family, which was Goshi (country samurai) that served Kinmochi SAIONJI since the Boshin Civil War.
- 1908年、戊辰戦争前に別れた彼の恋人と娘に再会し、共に暮らして生涯を送った。
- In 1908, he reunited with his ex-lover, with whom he broke up before the Boshin War, and since then he lived with her for his entire life.
- 本居宣長、鶴峰戊申の説は卑弥呼は熊襲が朝廷を僭称したものとする「偽僣説」である。
- Norinaga MOTOORI and Shigenobu TSURUMINE advocated the 'Forged Title' theory, which stated that Himiko, a female chief of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district), pretended to the throne of the Imperial court.
- 慶応4年 (1868年) の戊辰戦争では鳥羽・伏見の戦いを経て江戸、会津と転戦。
- In Boshin War that broke out in 1868, he successively took part in the battle in Edo and Aizu, after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 貞吉は、父・高野七左衛門(秀右衛門とも云う)貞通と共に戊辰戦争・北越戦争に従軍。
- Sadayoshi took a part in the Boshin War and the Hokuetsu War with his father, Shichizaemon TAKANO (or Hideemon TAKANO).
- 戊辰戦争従軍後、1870年に鳥取藩の推薦を受け、開成学校(後の東京大学)に入学。
- After taking part in a campaign of the Boshin War, he enrolled Kaisei School (later Tokyo University) in 1870 upon the recommendation of the Tottori Domain.
- 翌慶応4年(1868年)からの戊辰戦争では本家の岡山藩と共に、新政府軍に与した。
- From the following year, 1868, when Boshin War started, he contributed to the New government Army with the Okayama domain, his head family.
- 戊辰戦争で各地を転戦、仙台で榎本武揚艦隊と合流して、土方歳三配下の新選組に入隊。
- After fighting in various places, he joined Takeaki ENOMOTO fleet in Sendai, and joined Shinsengumi under control of Toshizo HIJIKATA.
- 十二年春正月戊戌(ぼじゅつ)、始めて冠位を諸臣に賜うこと各差(おのおのしな)あり。
- Spring, the first month of 604, cap ranks were granted to subjects for the first time and there were differences of rank among subjects.
- 公武合体を求める孝明天皇は水戸藩はじめ御三家、御三卿などに対して戊午の密勅を下す。
- Emperor Komei, who wished for Kobu gattai, issued an unofficial Secret Order of Bogo (Bogo was the zodiac of the year) to the Gosanke (Three Tokugawa Families just below the house of Shogun) and Gosankyo (Three Tokugawa branches besides Gosanke).
- このため、戊辰戦争における幕府軍の京都戦線での敗北は決定的となったと言われている。
- This made it certain that the shogunate troops would be completely defeated at the battles in Kyoto during the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争においては、米沢藩は政府軍に敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の中心として戦うが敗北。
- In the Boshin Civil War, the Yonezawa Domain fought as a leader of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance that was hostile to the government force, but was defeated.
- 明治元年(1868年)の戊辰戦争にも従軍し、旧幕府残党の追討に大きな戦功があった。
- He participated in the Boshin Civil War in 1868 and distinguished himself in killing the remnants of a defeated party.
- 戊辰戦争では赤報隊に加わって投獄された後、軍曹を拝命して会津や越後で戦功を上げた。
- He was appointed to a sergeant and gained fame on the battlefields in Aizu and Echigo after imprisoned for joining the Sekihotai Army in the Boshin War.
- 内外に戊辰戦争全体が最低限の流血で乗り越えられたといういわば虚像をも産むことになる。
- The domestic and foreign perspective opinions reached the general misconception of the Boshin Civil War being a less bloody conflict.
- 薩英戦争・戊辰戦争に従軍、明治2年(1869年)4月、薩摩藩歩兵大隊小隊小頭に就任。
- He took part in Anglo-Satsuma War and Boshin War, and in April 1869, assumed office as Hohei Daitai Shotai Shoto (a Shoto head of infantry battalion and platoon) of the Satsuma Domain.
- 徳島藩筆頭家老稲田家は戊辰戦争、北海道開拓に功績があったとして男爵を与えられている。
- The Inada family, Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) of the Tokushima Domain, were bestowed the title of Baron as an award for their great achievement in the development of Hokkaido.
- また、義父上杉斉憲の米沢藩が戊辰戦争によって官軍の追討を受けるとその赦免に奔走した。
- He worked to get a pardon for his father-in-law, Narinori UESUGI of the Yonezawa Domain when he was being chased by the Imperial army, because of his commitment to the Boshin Civil War.
- その後、戊辰戦争では最初は旧幕府軍の先鋒を務めたが、戦いの最中に新政府軍に寝返った。
- After that, the Ii clan spearheaded an army of former bakufu in the Boshin War, and went over to the side of the new government army during the war.
- 戊辰戦争の頃から肥前藩を加え、「薩長土肥」と呼ばれる明治の主要政治勢力の母体となった。
- Around the time of the Boshin War, Sacchodo and the Hizen Domain were combined and called, 'Saccho Dohi' (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen), and was one of the main political forces during the Meiji Era.
- 1869年6月2日、戊辰戦争の軍功者419人と諸隊、諸藩、戦艦に対して禄を授けられた。
- On June 2, 1869, the government gave the premiums to 419 people who achieved distinguished military service at the Boshin War, troops, domains, and battleships.
- 戊辰戦争を経て陸軍軍人となり、明治5年(1872年)陸軍大尉・西海鎮台付に任命される。
- After fighting in the Boshin War, Samata joined the army and was appointed Army Captain stationed at Saikai Chindai (garrison) in 1872.
- 主著に1837年のモリソン号事件の際の幕府の異国船打払令を批判した『戊戌夢物語』など。
- His important writings include 'Bojutsu Yume Monogatari' which criticized the bakufu for repelling the ship Morrison in accordance with the Order for the Repelling of Foreign Ships.
- 第2次桂内閣の元で出された戊申詔書をきっかけに内務省 (日本)を中心として遂行された。
- With the publication of Boshin Shosho under the Second Katsura Cabinet, the implementation of the movement was led by the pre-war Ministry of Home Affairs.
- 結果、薩摩藩と長州藩による薩長連合の成立によってついに戊辰戦争によって倒幕を成し遂げた。
- The alliance between the Satsuma Domain and the Choshu Domain resulted in the fall of the Shogunate at the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争時、藩主・松平定敬の命を受けて、山脇正勝と共に恭順派の家老・吉村権左衛門を殺害。
- At the time of Boshin Civil War, Teisaku and Masakatsu YAMAWAKI killed Gonzaemon YOSHIMURA who was a chief retainer of the deference faction, ordered by their lord, Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、岩倉具視の子である具定を総督とする東山道軍総督府大軍監として進軍。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he charged forward as Daigungen (Senior Assistant Deputy General) at the Government-general of the Tosando Force headed by Tomomi IWAKURA's son, Tomosada,
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると、徳川幕府が崩壊して給料が得られなくなってしまったため、帰郷を決意。
- When the Boshin War broke out, he decided to return to his home because the Tokugawa shogunate broke down and he couldn't get a salary.
- 戊辰戦争によって朝廷は幕府及び佐幕派諸藩より計150万石を没収して禁裏御料に編入している。
- During the Boshin War, the Imperial Court confiscated 1,500,000 koku from the domains of the bakufu and the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), incorporating all of it into Imperial property.
- 戊辰戦争においては、焼き討ちや物資の現地接収、捕虜の私刑、味方への制裁も多く発生している。
- The act of setting fire, requisition of goods on site, the use of lynch law against prisoners of war, and the punishment meted out against fellow soldiers were prevalent.
- 戊辰戦争では戦争の様々な事柄や理由において、その原因を遺恨と結びつけて説明される事がある。
- In the Boshin War, the causes of various incidents and reasons are often explained by relating them to revenge.
- 戊辰戦争に従軍し、明治維新後の明治4年(1871年)7月陸軍大尉・2番大隊付に任命される。
- Takeshiro participated in Boshin War, and in July of 1871, after the Meiji Restoration, he was appointed as Taii (Captain) of the Army and assigned to the second battalion.
- 勇は池田屋事件などで名を轟かせたが、戊辰戦争が勃発したため新政府軍により斬首に処せられた。
- Isami gained the attention in the Ikedaya Incident (in which the Shinsengumi attacked the advocates respecting the Emperor and excluding foreigners), but was decapitated by the New government army after the outbreak of the Boshin War (between the new Meiji government and the old Edo Shogunate supporters).
- 一方、軍人としては戊辰戦争における東北戦争などで、指揮官として目覚ましい活躍を見せていた。
- On the other hand, Itagaki as a military man showed a remarkable performance as a commander in such wars as the Tohoku War and the Boshin Civil War.
- 倒幕派の諸藩を中心とする維新政府は戊辰戦争を経て旧幕府勢力を退けると、明治新政府を樹立した。
- The restoration government centered on the domains for overthrowing the bakufu expelled the former bakufu powers via the Boshin Civil War, and then established the new Meiji government.
- 清朝内の権力争い―清廷内には戊戌変法を支持した光緒帝を廃位しようとする計画が進められていた。
- Power struggle within the Qing dynasty: a plan to get rid of the Emperor Guangxu, who supported the Hundred Day's Reform, was progressing within the Qing imperial court.
- 征討大将軍(せいとうたいしょうぐん)とは、戊辰戦争において新政府が設置した臨時軍政官のこと。
- Seito taishogun was a military official temporarily set up by the new government during the Boshin Civil War.
- 戊辰戦争が勃発すると幕府軍の一員として鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参戦するも重傷を負い、和歌山で死去。
- When the Boshin War broke out, Sasaki joined the shogunate army participating in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi during which he was fatally wounded and died in Wakayama.
- 戊辰戦争で江藤は征東大総督府軍監に任命され、土佐藩士の小笠原唯八とともに江戸へ偵察に向かう。
- During the Boshin War, Shinpei was appointed as an officer of the army organized to defeat the Tokugawa shogunate and conducted a reconnaissance mission to Edo with Tosa Domain samurai Tadahachi OGASAWARA.
- 戊辰戦争時の慶応4年(1868年)2月、徳川氏との訣別を示すために姓を松平から久松に改めた。
- During the Boshin war, he changed his surname from Matsudaira to Hisamatsu for putting an end to the relationship with the Tokugawa clan in February 1868.
- 梵鐘-戊戌(つちのえいぬ)年、つまり西暦698年にあたる年の銘文がある、日本最古の紀年銘鐘。
- Temple bell - This is Japan's oldest bell inscribed with the ancient lunar calendar year corresponding to the Gregorian calendar year 698.
- まもなく、大政奉還、王政復古の令を経て戊辰戦争が勃発し、叔父源三郎が鳥羽・伏見の戦いで戦死。
- The Boshin War broke out shortly after the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) and the Restoration of Imperial Rule, and his uncle Genzaburo died in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 戊辰戦争後は藩政改革に参加し、民事奉行や日向都城市の地頭など不平士族等を治める功績を残した。
- After the Boshin War, he filled posts of Minji Bugyo (Magistrate of civil affair) and Jito (manager and lord of manor) of Miyakonojo City, Hyuga Province and he participated in reformation of domain duties and performed great services in society controlling fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes).
- 以後、翌年までおこなわれた一連の内戦を1868年の干支である戊辰をとって「戊辰戦争」と呼ぶ。
- A series of battles fought in many parts of Japan from this point to the next year is called 'the Boshin War' (the word Boshin comes from the name of the year 1868 designated in the oriental zodiac).
- 左大臣近衛忠煕や内大臣三条実万とともに献策して、水戸藩へ勅諚を賜るよう運動する(戊午の密勅)。
- Working with Sadaijin (minister of the left) Tadahiro KONOE and Naidaijin Sanetsumu SANJO, he played a key role in submitting a plan to the emperor to give the Mito clan an imperial decree (Bogo no mitchoku - a secret imperial decree).
- この頃から誠成は病に倒れるようになり、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府に属している。
- Around this time Takashige took ill, and joined the new government during the Boshin Civil War in 1868.
- 明治5年(1872年)、彰常は彰善が戊辰戦争で捕らえられて津山藩に預けられていることを知った。
- In 1872, Akitsune heard that Akiyoshi had been taken into custody at the Tsuyama Domain because of his participation in the Boshin War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発し、鳥羽伏見の戦いで負傷するが、甲州勝沼の戦いにも参戦。
- The Boshin War broke out in 1868, and he got injured in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi; however, he participated in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- 戊辰戦争時には、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに参戦し、白河口の戦いにおいて戦死したとされる。
- It is said that during the Boshin War, he participated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, and he was killed in the Battle of Shirakawaguchi.
- 最後の北白川宮能久親王も戊辰戦争勃発のため在任期間が短く、天台座主に就任しなかった一人である。
- The last generation, Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, was also one of those who had a short reign: he did not assume the Tendai-zasu position due to the Boshin War.
- 九州王朝説九州年号表(鶴峰戊申が、熊襲の年号として考証した年号)を私年号の一種とする解釈もある。
- There is an interpretation that the Kyushu nengo table of Kyushu dynasty theory (which was nengo historically investigated by Shigenobu TSURUMINE as the nengo of Kumaso [a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district]) is a kind of Shinengo.
- 戊辰戦争に使用された各種錦旗及び軍旗類は、明治維新後は陸軍省の遊就館や宮内省図書寮に保存された。
- After Meiji Restoration the Imperial standards and battle flags used in the Boshin War were kept in Yushu-kan, a treasure house of Ministry of Army and in Zusho-ryo, a library of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 「八十七年の春正月の戊子の朔(ついたち)癸卯に、天皇、崩(かむあが)りましぬ」(『日本書紀』)。
- On February 7, 399, the Emperor passed away' ('Nihonshoki').
- 慶応4年(1868年)に戊辰戦争が勃発すると奥州方面へ出陣し、北越戦争に参戦して旧幕府軍を追討。
- When the Boshin War broke out in 1868, he went to the Oshu region, and participated in the Hokuetsu War to defeat the army of the former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 邪馬台国から「倭の五王」までを九州に比定する論者は、古くは鶴峰戊申から、戦後では長沼賢海らがいる。
- Advocates including Shigenobu TSURUMI, who was an old advocate, and Kenkai NAGANUMA, who was an advocate after the war, determine the location of the governments from Yamatai Koku (Yamatai Kingdom) through until `the five kings of Wa' were in Kyushu.
- 幕府西洋医学所頭取の医師である松本良順は近藤勇の招きで隊士の診察を行い、戊辰戦争でも軍医を務めた。
- Ryojun MATSUMOTO, President of the shogunate's School of Western Medicine, conducted medical examination of the members upon invitation of Isami KONDO, and also acted as an army surgeon during the Boshin War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)1月に戊辰戦争が始まると、大鳥圭介率いる旧幕府軍に投じて今市、会津藩へ転戦。
- During the Boshin War that broke out in January 1868, Jingoro joined the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate headed by Keisuke OTORI and took part in the battles in Imaichi City and the Aizu Domain.
- 戊辰戦争では土佐藩軍指令・東山道先鋒総督府参謀として、甲州勝沼の戦いで近藤勇の率いる新撰組を撃破。
- In the Boshin War, he was appointed the army commander of the Tosa Domain and a staff officer of the spearhead governor of Tosan-do Road, smashing Shinsengumi led by Isami KONDO in the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma.
- 戊辰戦争では錦旗奉行となり、慶応4年(1868年)4月には有栖川宮熾仁親王に従って江戸城に入った。
- In the Boshin War, he served at Nishikinohata Bugyo (magistrate in charge of taking care of the imperial banners), and in April of 1868, he entered the Edo-jo Castle attending Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito.
- そして京都市で尊攘派公家・壬生基修に仕えたのち官軍の一員として戊辰戦争に従軍、北越戦争へ参加した。
- After serving, in Kyoto, Motoosa MIBU, a court noble who advocated Sonno Joi, he joined the Imperial Army in the Boshin and the Hokuetsu War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)正月の鳥羽伏見の戦いから始まる戊辰戦争では、赤報隊を経て薩摩軍に属して戦う。
- In the Boshin War, which began with the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in January 1868, he fought battles along with the Sekihotai Army and then the Satsuma army.
- 戊辰戦争の際、新政府軍が歌った「トコトンヤレ節」(「宮さん宮さん」)は、品川が作詞をしたとされる。
- He is known to have written the lyrics for the song 'Tokotonyare-bushi' (the Go-all-the-way song, also known as 'Miyasan, Miyasan' [My Lord, My Lord]), which was popular among the New Government army soldiers during the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争後の士族反乱から自由民権運動に至る途上の東北地方の人心慰留につとめ各地の開拓と開発を行った。
- While the Tohoku region in those days was in the midway from Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) after Boshin Civil War to Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), he made an effort to dissuade the hearts of the people from resigning or leaving their lands, and carried out the reclamation and development in various places.
- 川島と同じ大正7年戊午生まれの西河克己、小林桂三郎、柳沢類寿と共に『泥馬クラブ』という小冊子を作成。
- He produced a small magazine titled 'Dorouma Club' (Maddy horse club) with Katsumi NISHIKAWA, Keizaburo KOBAYASHI, and Ruiju YANAGISAWA, who were born in the same year as Kawashima, that is, in 1918 or in the Year of Tsuchinoeuma (the year of the dobbin horse, according to zodiac sign).
- 翌年の戊辰戦争勃発後は、東山道先鋒軍(総督は岩倉具定、参謀は板垣退助)に加わり、鳥取藩兵参謀となる。
- After Boshin War broke out next year, he joined Tosan-do Road spearhead army (governor-general was Tomosada IWAKURA, general staff was Taisuke ITAGAKI) to become a general staff of samurai of Tottori clan.
- 戊辰戦争勃発直前の慶応3年12月29日、新選組の陣所伏見奉行所を出て同じく伏見の薩摩藩邸へ潜入した。
- On January 23, 1868, just before the outbreak of the Boshin War, he went out jinsho (camp) of Fushimi Magistrate's office, and smuggled himself into the residence of Satsuma Domain in Fushimi.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い前の薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事件で江戸から脱出し、戊辰戦争では旧幕府海軍との戦いで活躍した。
- He escaped from Edo during the fire attack on the resident of Satsuma clan, which took place prior to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, and he played an active part in the battle against the old Bakufu Navy during the Boshin War.
- 長州征討などで活動し、江戸幕府が大政奉還で消滅した後も戊辰戦争において榎本武揚に率いられ戦闘を続けた。
- It was engaged in battles including the Choshu Conquest, and the bakufu kaigun led by Takeaki ENOMOTO continued battles in the Boshin War even after the bakufu was overthrown in Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- しかし谷三山の影響から尊王派であった植村氏は、戊辰戦争においては新政府側に与して京都御所の警備につく。
- However, in the Boshin War, the Uemura clan, which was advocating reverence for the Emperor by the influence of Sanzan TANI, took the side of the new government and worked as a guard of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- また戊辰戦争で改易された上総請西藩林家は士族から再度華族に列せられたという扱いで男爵を授爵されている。
- The Hayashi family, who were deprived of their samurai status during the Boshin War, received the title of Baron, having been raised to the peerage from the warrior class.
- 戊辰戦争時には断髪・男装し、家芸であった砲術を以て奉仕し、会津若松城籠城戦で奮戦したことは有名である。
- She is famous for having worn her hair bobbed, been dressed like a man, rendered service with gunnery, an art handed down from her father to her and fought hard in the battle where Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle was besieged, during the Boshin Civil War.
- 「弥助砲」と呼ばれる大砲を開発するなど、戊辰戦争では新式銃隊を率いて、鳥羽伏見や会津などの各地を転戦。
- He developed a cannon called 'Yasuke cannon' and moved from place to place to fight, such as Toba Fushimi and Aizu, leading a new-style musket unit in the Boshin War.
- 境内に「史跡淀古城戊辰役砲弾貫通跡」の碑と「戊辰役東軍戦死者之碑」、本堂に「東軍戦死者の位牌」を残す。
- On the grounds of the temple remain the monuments 'The site of bullet holes in the historic site of Yodo Castle in the Boshin War,' and 'The monument for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces in the Boshin War,' and inside the main building there is the 'memorial tablet for the fallen soldiers of the eastern forces.'
- 戊辰戦争後、明治新政府により1家(請西藩)が改易され、会津藩、仙台藩など22家が減封の処分を受けている。
- After the Boshin War, the new Meiji government subjected one family (Jozai clan) to kaieki and 22 families, such as the Aizu and Sendai clans, to genpo.
- 崇神天皇68年(紀元前30年)12月、120歳で崩御(『古事記』は、戊寅年12月崩御、168歳とする)。
- In the twelfth month 30 B.C., the emperor died at the age 120 (the Kojiki states that he died at the age 168 in the twelfth month of the year of the Yang Earth Tiger).
- このため、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では佐幕派として見なされ、新政府の命令により謹慎を命じられた。
- For that reason, in 1868 he was seen on the shogun side during the Boshin War and was put under house arrest by order of the new government.
- 薩摩藩士として薩英戦争に従軍し、戊辰戦争では新潟・函館に転戦して阿波沖海戦や箱館戦争、宮古湾海戦で戦う。
- As a feudal retainer of Satsuma, he served in the Anglo-Satsuma War (the Bombardment of Kagoshima), and in the Boshin War served in Niigata and Hakodate, and fighting in the Naval Battle of Awa, Battle of Hakodate and the Battle of Miyakowan bay.
- その後、徳川を盟主とする旧幕府勢力と薩長を主体とする新政府が対立し、鳥羽・伏見の戦いを機に戊辰戦争が勃発。
- After this, the conflict between the old shogunate forces in command of the Tokugawa clan and the new government led by Satsuma and Choshu domains mainly led to the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the beginning of the Boshin Civil War.
- 戊辰戦争のさなか、西郷隆盛らはパークスなど外国公使に徳川家を戦後にどう処遇するか、何度も意見を尋ねている。
- During the Boshin War, Takamori SAIGO and others continuously consulted with Harry PARKES and other foreign ministers about treatment of the Tokugawa family after the war.
- 東征を命じ、旧幕府軍と 明治元年(1868年)から明治2年(1869年)にかけて戦い勝利した(戊辰戦争)。
- He issued an order to conquer the eastern part of Japan and won the battle against the former bakufu forces which occurred between 1868 and 1869 (the Boshin War).
- 鹿児島藩士川上伝左衛門親徳の三男として生まれ、鳥羽伏見の戦い・戊辰戦争に薩摩藩10番隊小頭として従軍する。
- He was born as the third son of Tsuto-Saemon-Yoshinori KAWAKAMI (川上伝左衛門親徳), and joined the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and the Boshin Civil War as Kogashira (head of an organizational section) assigned to the 10th Squad of Satsuma Domain.
- 戊辰戦争終了の明治2年(1868年)、腹心の大村益次郎と共に東京招魂社(靖国神社の前身)の建立に尽力した。
- In 1868 after the Boshin War, he endeavored to build the Tokyo Shokonsha Shrine (the precursor of the present Yasukuni-jinja Shrine), together with his trusted aide Masujiro OMURA.
- 幕末期は佐幕派だったが、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争で新政府の圧力を受けて降伏し、東征に参加している。
- He was one of the Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) at the end of Edo period, and then surrendered under the pressure from the new government in the Boshin Civil War in 1868 to participate in an expeditionary force to the east.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府軍に恭順して、新政府に反逆した姫路藩の攻撃や会津戦争に参加した。
- He followed the order of the new government army at the Boshin War in 1868, and joined the Aizu War and the attack of the Himeji Domain which revolted against the new government.
- 直弼の対応に憤った孝明天皇は、戊午の密勅を水戸藩に下し、武家の秩序を無視して大名に井伊の排斥を呼びかける。
- Enraged by Naosuke's policies, Emperor Komei issued Bogo no Micchoku (a secret imperial decree) to the Mito Domain and called for the II's expulsion, disregarding the order of samurai families.
- 戊辰戦争では奥羽列藩同盟軍の軍医となり、戦後一時投獄されるが赦免され、山縣有朋などの薦めで軍医総監となる。
- During the Boshin War, he became an army surgeon of the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) allied troops and was imprisoned for a while after the war, but he was discharged and became a surgeon general with encouragement from Aritomo YAMAGATA and so on.
- 降伏後も一部の旧幕府勢力が東北などで抵抗したが、五稜郭の箱館戦争を最後に新政府が勝利し、戊辰戦争は終結した。
- Although some old shogunate forces resisted in the Tohoku region even after the surrender of Yoshinobu, the new government won in the last war, known as the Hakodate War around a pentagonal fortress (goryokaku), and the Boshin Civil War came to an end.
- 同年から翌年にかけて行われた一連の戊辰戦争の中で、新政府側が大きく優勢となる画期となった象徴的な事件である。
- Over this time, then through to the next year (1868-1869), the Surrender of Edo-jo Castle turned out to be the essential ground-breaking point in a series of following actions taken during the Boshin Civil War; therefore providing greater advantage to the new government's forces, and effectively establishing the castles fall as a highly significant event in Japanese history.
- 明治維新により新政府が成立したが、戊辰戦争のため新政府は軍事費の出費の必要があり大量の紙幣が発行されていた。
- A new government was formed by the Meiji Restoration, which was in need for military expenditures; therefore, a great amount of paper money had been issued.
- 以後、戊辰戦争の舞台は江戸市街での上野戦争や、北陸地方、東北地方での北越戦争、会津戦争、箱館戦争として続く。
- Afterwards, the staging of the Boshin War led to the Ueno War in the urban area of Edo, the Hokuetsu War in the Hokuriku and Tohoku regions, the Aizu War, and then the Hakodate War.
- 日本書紀では、「巻第三 神武天皇即位前紀 戊午年旧暦6月」冒頭が、名草戸畔や名草邑に関する唯一の記述である。
- In Nihonshoki, the beginning of 'The third volume, July in the Tsuchinoe Uma year before the accession of Emperor Jinmu to the throne according to the lunar calendar' was the only reference to Nagusatobe and Nagusa village.
- 飼育の伝習も同時に行われ、小金牧(千葉県松戸市)で大切に飼育される予定だったが、戊辰戦争で散り散りになった。
- Although training for taking care of the horses was also done at the same time, with plans to raise them carefully in Koganemaki (Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture), the horses became scattered during the Boshin War.
- 大村は戊辰戦争で参謀として活躍した「門弟」である山田顕義を兵部大丞に推薦し、彼に下士官候補の選出を委任した。
- Omura recommended Akiyoshi YAMADA, a 'student' of Omura who had been a staff officer in the Boshin War, as hyobu taijo (rank of major) and asked him to choose candidates for non-commissioned officer positions.
- 隊士としてではなく、局長近藤勇や副長土方歳三附属の小姓として新選組に所属していたが、まもなく戊辰戦争が勃発。
- He served not as a regular member but as a pageboy to the commander, Isami KONDO and the vice commander, Toshizo HIJIKATA, but soon, the Boshin War broke out.
- 戊辰戦争では、新徴組は庄内藩兵とともに戦ったが、敗戦後、玉城を含む新徴組隊士は劣悪な条件で開墾に徴用された。
- In Boshin War, Shinchogumi fought together with samurai of the Shonai clan, however, after defeat in the war, members of Shinchogumi including TAMAKI were recruited for cultivation under poor condition.
- 特に慶応2年(1866年)の第2次長州征伐中と同4年(明治元年・1868年)の戊辰戦争中にその最高潮に達した。
- The riots and uprisings reached their peaks twice; the first one was when Edo bakufu implemented the second Choshu Expedition in 1866, and the second one was during the Boshin Civil War in 1868.
- 秋田藩では大館城と横手城(共に戊辰戦争で焼失)が対象外となり、久保田城と合わせて合計3城を持つことを許された。
- In the Akita Domain, Odate-jo Castle and Yokote-jo Castle (both were burnt down in the Boshin War) were exception to disposal, as a result, the domain was allowed to have three castles in total, which were the above-mentioned two castles along with Kubota-jo Castle.
- 戊辰戦争に参戦後明治3年(1870年)4月、第3番大隊に配属され、明治4年(1871年)5月、陸軍中尉に初任。
- After taking part in Boshi War, in April 1870, he was assigned to the 3rd battalion, then appointed as First Lieutenant of Army for the first time in May 1871.
- 戊辰戦争では、明治元年2月に奥羽鎮撫使総督に挙げられ、ついで九条道孝の総督就任とともに副総督となって出陣した。
- In the Boshin War, he was recommended for the governor-general of Ou Chinbushi (temporary government post) in February 1868 and joined the war as the vice governor-general after Michitaka KUJO was assigned to the governor-general.
- 『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺伽藍縁起』においては、欽明天皇の「戊午年」に百済の聖明王から仏教が伝来したとある。
- According to 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Shotoku Taishi) and 'Gangoji Garan Engi' (The origin of the buildings of the Gango-ji Temple), Buddhism was introduced by Sho Myoo of Baekje in the 'Bogo year' during the era of the Emperor Kinmei.
- 「戊辰戦争で奥羽越列藩同盟が新政府に勝っていれば仙台(周辺)が日本の首都になった」、という「仙台首都説」がある。
- There is a theory called 'Sendai capital theory' that Sendai would be the capital of Japan now if only the Ouetsu-reppan alliance had won a battle against the new government.
- 「鬼室集斯墓」と記した面が正面で、その右の面に「朱鳥三年戊子十一月八日殂」、左には「庶孫美成造」と書かれていた。
- The surface of the prism on which a sentence, 'A Tomb of Shushi Kishitsu', was inscribed is a front side, and sentences 'He died on November 8, in the third year of Akamidori era' and 'made by Shoson (referring to a grandchild born out of wedlock) 美成' were respectively inscribed on the right and left sides.
- 大村は戊辰戦争での功績により永世禄1500石を賜り、木戸孝允(桂小五郎)、大久保利通と並び新政府の幹部となった。
- Omura was rewarded for his performance in the Boshin War with a stipend for life of 1500 koku and, together with Takayoshi KIDO (later called Kogoro KATSURA) and Toshimichi OKUBO, became one of the leaders of the new government.
- 戊辰戦争終了後の1869年(明治2年)に入ると、版籍奉還が実施されて、諸藩は政府の地方機関として位置づけられた。
- In 1869 after the Boshin War, surrender of domain registers was undertaken, and the domains became local administrative divisions of the government.
- 戊辰戦争が起こり、近藤勇が新政府軍へ出頭すると、山口二郎(斎藤一)らと共に会津戦争に参戦し、如来堂の戦いで離散。
- When Isami KONDO presented himself to the New government army in Nagareyama City when the Boshin War broke out, he fought in the Aizu War, but broke up in the Battle of Nyoraido.
- 更に前後して戊辰戦争の恩賞である賞典禄について定めることで倒幕に賛同した藩主や藩士を宥めて不満を逸らしたのである。
- Moreover, around this time, dissatisfaction by the lords of the domains and feudal retainers of the domains, who agreed to overthrow the Shogunate with the setting of Shotenroku (premium), reward grants of the Boshin War, were conciliated.
- こうした梁の傾向は戊戌政変後に日本に亡命して以降顕著となるが、それは彼が当時求めていた国民国家創出と深く関係する。
- Liang Qichao more clearly showed this tendency when he lived in exile in Japan after the 1898 coup over the Hundred Days' Reforms; this tendency was closely tied with the creation of a nation-state that he sought at that time.
- この戊辰戦争を通じて倒幕に成功した大久保利通らは、天皇を中心とする新政権を当初、京都の太政官制度によって運営した。
- Toshimichi OKUBO and others, who succeeded to overthrow the bakufu through this Boshin War, at first managed the new government, with the Emperor at center, by the Daijokan (Great Council of State) system of Kyoto.
- 後年の戊辰戦争では鳥取藩の歩兵頭として一隊を率いて出陣、維新後は鳥取県・北海道開拓使・京都府の官吏として活躍した。
- He led a group of foot soldiers in Boshin War in later years, and after the Meiji Restoration, he played an active role as a government official at Tottori prefecture, Hokkaido Development office, and Kyoto prefecture.
- 戊辰戦争では天文方見習であった嫡男山路彰善(一郎)が彰義隊に参加して行方不明となる(後に箱館戦争で捕らえられる)。
- His legitimate son, Akiyoshi (Ichiro) YAMAJI, who was an apprentice of Tenmonkata, joined Shogitai (an elite corps of the Shogunate) at the Boshin War and went missing in action (he was later captured in the Hakodate War).
- 江戸開城は戊辰戦争中の一大画期として象徴的な事件であるとともに、勝・西郷その他多くの人物が関わる劇的な要素に富む。
- The surrender of Edo-jo Castle was a significant development to the commencement of the Boshin Civil War; there was also an abundance of dramatic contributions from several individuals involved in these incidents, such as, Katsu and Saigo.
- 戊辰戦争では、米沢藩の宮島誠一郎と会談して会津藩「帰正」の周旋を建白させるなど、木戸孝允と同様に寛典論者であった。
- Same as Koin KIDO, he was an advocator of the lenient policy and in the Boshin War; he had a meeting with Seiichiro MIYAJIMA of the Yonezawa Domain to make him commit the facilitation of the Aizu Domain's 'Kisho' (rectification and reinsertion).
- 甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸、は音読みでは、こう、おつ、へい、てい、ぼ、き、こう、しん、じん、き、と読む。
- '甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸' are read as 'ko, otsu, hei, tei, bo, ki, ko, shin, jin, ki' by using on-yomi (the Chinese reading of kanji).
- 慶応3年(1867年)に新選組に入隊し、戊辰戦争では鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦いに敗退後、流山を経て会津へ向かう。
- He joined the Shinsengumi in 1867, and after he was defeated in the Battle of Toba Fushimi and the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma during the Boshin War, he went to Aizu via Nagareyama.
- 屯田兵の下士兵卒には東北諸藩の士族出身が多かったので、戊辰戦争の敵だった鹿児島県士族を相手とするこの戦争に奮い立った。
- There were many former shizoku from Tohoku Domains among noncommissioned officers, and therefore, they were spurred to fight against shizoku in Kagoshima Prefecture, who were enemies in the Boshin War.
- 翌、慶応4年(1868年)の鳥羽伏見の戦いでは旧幕府軍として戦ったが離脱、後の戊辰戦争では明治政府に加わって転戦した。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in the next year, 1868, Naonori fought as the army of old bakufu but he seceded, and thereafter, Naonori joined the Meiji Government and moved from place to place to fight in the Boshin Civil War.
- 一方、保守派によって完全な佐幕派となった水戸藩に対し、戊辰戦争が勃発すると、諸生党に対する追討命令が朝廷から出された。
- Meanwhile, when the Boshin War was started against the Mito Domain, which became a complete Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) due to the actions of the conservatives, the Imperial Court ordered to hunt down and kill shoseito.
- よって、『続日本紀』翌年天平宝字3年6月庚戊に正六位上から従五位下に叙された薩雄を刷雄と同一人物とする説を述べている。
- For that reason, there is a theory that Yoshio(薩雄), who, according to 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II), was honored in July 759 with Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and promoted from Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade), is the one and the same person as Yoshio(刷雄).
- 江戸城という精神的支柱を失った幕臣たちの中にも、榎本の艦隊とともに北上し、戊辰戦争を戦い続ける者たちも少なくなかった。
- Among the shogunate vassals who lost their psychological 'backbone,' at Edo-jo Castle, many joined the fleet of Enomoto and went north; this allowed them to participate in the future battles of the Boshin Civil War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)に鳥羽伏見の戦いが起こり戊辰戦争がはじまると、徳川慶喜に従い江戸の霊巌寺(江東区)にて謹慎した。
- When the Battle of Toba and Fushimi broke out and the Boshin War started in 1868, he accompanied Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and was detained in Reigan-ji Temple (Koto Ward) in Edo.
- 戊辰戦争(明治元年、1868年)では、城下一番小隊に属して伏見の戦いで御香宮に戦い、功を以て小隊の小頭見習いを務めた。
- In the Boshin War (1868), he belonged to the first platoon in the castle town (joka ichiban shotai) and fought in the battle of Fushimi at the headquarters set up in Gokonomiya Shrine, and due to distinguished services he was appointed to assistant chief (kogashira minarai) of the platoon.
- 日清戦争から始まって戊戌の変法の失敗、そして辛亥革命による清朝打倒に至る大きな流れの一つとしても位置づけることができる。
- It could be positioned in one of big currents from the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War, through failure in the Hundred Days of Reform to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by the Chinese revolution.
- 中国の洋務運動や戊戌変法、日本の明治維新における一連の改革、朝鮮の甲午改革・光武改革といった諸改革が、その変革に当たる。
- Followings are examples of such reforms, yomu undo and Hundred days' reform in China, series of reforms during the Meiji period in Japan and reforms in Korea such as Gabo reform and Kwang-mu reform.
- 戊申詔書による風紀引き締めと同時に社会主義運動を弾圧、幸徳事件の摘発や南北朝正閏問題への介入、出版物の取締強化を行った。
- The cabinet not only enforced discipline by Boshin Shosho (imperial edict, decree issued in 1908) but also cracked down on socialism, conducted the prosecution of Kotoku Incident (The High Treason Incident), intervened the legitimacy of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and strictly regulated publishing.
- 明治元年、母方の大叔父鈴木翔房(たかふさ)が七五歳で没し、その養子衞房(もりふさ)も戊申の役に加わり、27歳で戦死した。
- In 1868, his maternal grand-uncle Takafusa SUZUKI died at the age of 75, and Takafusa's adopted son Morifusa also died in the battle of the Boshin War at the age of 27.
- 戊辰戦争では会津戦争が緒戦、明治2年(1869年)5月1日、白河口の戦いにおいて重傷を負うも、土方歳三に従い蝦夷へ渡航。
- During a series of the Boshin Civil War, his fought for the first time in the Aizu War, and although he was injured seriously in the battle of Shirakawaguchi on June 10, 1869, he went over to Ezo (present Hokkaido), following Toshizo HIJIKATA.
- 芳年は写生を大切にしており、幕末の動乱期には斬首された生首を、慶応4年の戊辰戦争では戦場の屍を弟子を連れて写生している。
- Yoshitoshi placed great importance on sketching so that he took his disciples to sketch heads just severed during the upheavals at the end of Edo period and corpses in battlefields of the Boshin War in 1868.
- 戊辰戦争時、同藩士森常吉などと共に藩主・松平定敬を護衛して蝦夷地へ渡り、土方歳三配下の新選組に入隊して箱館戦争に参戦する。
- At the time of Boshin Civil War, Daijiro crossed into Ezo chi (inhabited area of Ainu, the current Hokkaido) protecting Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, his lord, together with Tsunekichi MORI, a feudal retainer of the same domain, and others, entered the Shinsengumi under the command of Toshizo HIJIKATA, and joined Hakodate War.
- 戊辰戦争時、旧幕府時御鷹匠であり、その後金貸し業を生業としていた東京府士族小林金平が、明治2年おきぬを気に入り身請けした。
- Kinpei KOBAYASHI, a Shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) in Tokyo Prefecture, who was a hawker during the time of the Boshin War and the Edo period and then ran a moneylending business, fell in love with Okinu and paid way out in 1869.
- 明治2年(1869年)2月、戊辰戦争より帰国した下級藩士たちより起った藩政改革のため、側役まで出世した藩政から退けられる。
- Although he was promoted to Sobayaku (Secretary), he was removed from the administration of the domain on February, 1869 due to the domain administration reform initiated by lower ranked feudal retainers who came back from the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争に従軍後、明治2年(1869年)、東京に上り昌平坂学問所(東京大学の前身)に学び、さらに薩摩藩の造士館にも学んだ。
- After taking a part in a campaign for the Boshin War, he went to Tokyo in 1869 to study at Shoheizaka Gakumonjo (Shoheizaka School), the predecessor of Tokyo University, and further more at Zoshikan school of Satsuma Domain.
- 戊辰戦争時、藩主小笠原長行が榎本武揚らと同意して蝦夷地渡航を決意したため、土方歳三配下の新選組に入隊して共に蝦夷地へ渡る。
- During the Boshin War, because the lord of the domain Nagamichi OGASAWARA agreed to go to Ezo with Takeaki ENOMOTO, he joined Shinsengumi under control of Toshizo HIJIKATA and went to Ezo with him.
- そして、『雨月物語』の序をみるとそこには、「明和戊子晩春」、つまり明和5年晩春に『雨月物語』の執筆が終っていることになる。
- In the preface of 'Ugetsu Monogatari' there is a description '明和戊子晩春,' which indicates that 'Tales of Moonlight and Rain' was completed in the late spring of 1768.
- 北部政府の盟主、仙台藩らの降伏後、明治2年(1869年)、函館市五稜郭で幕府残党勢力の榎本軍も降伏し、戊辰戦争は終結した。
- After the surrender of Northern Alliance leader, Sendai Domain, the remaining shogunate forces, led by Takeaki ENOMOTO, also surrendered at Goryokaku fortress in Hakodate City, bringing an end to the Boshin War in 1869.
- 廃藩置県後は地元の青森県に出仕していたが、戊辰戦争での活躍を見ていた谷干城の推薦により明治4年(1871年)には陸軍に出仕。
- After Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he served his hometown Aomori Precture, but by recommendation from Tateki TANI who had been watching his performance in Boshin War, he began to serve the army in 1871.
- この頃まだ戊辰戦争が継続中であり、蝦夷地の情勢も不透明であったが、清水谷らは敦賀から日本海の海路をとって箱館に向けて出発した。
- Amid the uncertain situation of Ezo due to the continuing Boshin War, SHIMIZUDANI headed for Hakodate by ship across the Sea of Japan.
- それらは17種34枚の絵図に図化され、『戊辰所用錦旗及軍旗真図』(ぼしんしょようきんきおよびぐんきしんず)4巻にまとめられた。
- He painted thirty-four paintings of seventeen types of banners, which were compiled into a book in four volumes named 'Boshin shoyo Kinki oyobi Gunki-shinzu' (Pictures of the Imperial Standards and Battle Flags Used in the Boshin War).
- 戊辰戦争の時に京都御所の安全が脅かせられる怖れがでてきたため、御所から近くの園部陣屋に明治天皇を迎える計画があったと言われる。
- It is said that, in the Boshin War, there was a plan to move the Emperor Meiji to the Sonobe jinya located near the palace, because the safety of the Kyoto palace was threatened.
- この事は近世大名としての伊達氏・仙台藩にとっては一種の後枷となり、伊達騒動・戊辰戦争に至るまで様々な問題も引き起こす事になった。
- Later on, these circumstances became a source of trouble for the Kinsei daimyo of the Date clan and the Sendai Domain, and caused various problems including the Date riot and the Boshin War.
- 京都・妙心寺の梵鐘(国宝)は、内面に戊戌年(698年)の銘があり、製作年代の明らかな日本製の梵鐘としては最古のものとされている。
- The Bonsho in Myoshin-ji Temple in Kyoto (National Treasure) has an inscription of the year of 698 on the inner side and this is the oldest Japanese Bonsho with a confirmed production date.
- なお、物語としての忠臣蔵に家老として登場する色部又四郎(安長)や戊辰戦争時に家老を勤め新潟で戦死した色部長門は長実の子孫である。
- Incidentally, Matajiro (Yasunaga) IROBE, who appears as a vassal in the story Chushingura (The treasury of Loyal Retainers), and Nagato IROBE, who served as a Karo (chief retainer) during the Boshin Civil War and died in battle in Niigata, were the descendants of Nagazane.
- 途中、東京で出張許可を受け、5月25日、箱館に着いたが、18日に箱館・五稜郭が開城し、戦争はすでに終わっていた(戊辰戦争の終了)。
- On the way, he received permission to travel to Tokyo, and arrived in Hakodate on May 25th, but, Hakodate and Goryokaku castle had already reopened on the 18th, the war was already finished (this was the end of Boshin War).
- 戊辰戦争時、流山市で局長近藤勇が新政府軍へ出頭すると、新選組本隊とは別行動を取った副長土方歳三に従って、大鳥圭介ら旧幕府軍と合流。
- When Isami KONDO, Head of the Shinsengumi, presented himself to the New government army in Nagareyama City when the Boshin War broke out, he followed the vice chief Toshizo HIJIKATA who went separate ways from the main unit of the Shinsengumi and joined the former army of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) including Keisuke OTORI.
- しかし、戊辰戦争終結の見通しがつくとともに、政府は公議輿論の尊重に対して消極的となり、同年9月(同年10月)には議政官は廃止された。
- However, when the Boshin War was almost over, the government became negative about regarding public opinion in a deliberative assembly, and in October, 1868, they abolished Giseikan.
- 明治政府が戊辰戦争に多額の費用を要し、殖産興業の資金が不足したので、参与兼会計事務掛三岡八郎(由利公正)の建議によって、発行された。
- Dajokan bills were issued based on the proposal of Hachiro MITSUOKA (also known as Kimimasa YURI), who was a Sanyo (government consultant) and accountant, in order to compensate for the lack of funds caused by the Boshin War (civil war) and to support the Meiji government in implementing its policy of promoting new industries.
- 「戊辰書道会」結成から僅か2年後の昭和5年(1930年)6月、日本書道作振会と戊申書道会が統合して新団体「泰東書道院」が結成された。
- In May of 1930, only two years after the Boshin (戊辰) Shodo-Kai association was established, a new body of 'Taito Shodo-in' was established by integrating the Nihon Shodo Sakushin-kai association and the Boshin (戊申) Shodo-Kai association.
- 1868年に戊辰戦争が起こり、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで幕府軍が敗れると、薩摩藩長州藩軍の大軍が江戸に迫り、江戸は戦火に晒される危険に陥った。
- The Boshin War broke out in 1868, and when the Bakufu army was defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, a large force of combined Satsuma and Choshu Domains advanced on Edo, putting the metropolis under the threat of warfare.
- また、明治になるまで新撰組の仕業とされていたことや、池田屋の件などもあり、戊辰戦争においては新撰組に対して徹底した粛清が行われている。
- In another account, it was thought until the Meiji period that the assassination had been carried out by the Shinsengumi and because of the Ikedaya Incident, the Shinsengumi was fully purged during the Boshin Civil War.
- もともとこの日に最も近い戊の日は、社日として氏子が氏神たる神社に参詣し、春は五穀豊穣を祈り、秋は実りある収穫に感謝する習わしがあった。
- A Tsuchinoe day that falls closest to the vernal or autumnal equinox day was originally known as a shanichi day, and shrine parishioners visited shrines which enshrined their local deities to pray for a good harvest on the spring shanich day or to thank for a successful harvest on the autumn shanichi day.
- 戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、自ら兵を率いて幕府軍を撃退するなど多大な功績をあげ、1869年、賞典禄1000石を授けられた。
- In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, whereby the Boshin War started, Tomozane made great achievements by leading an army himself and defeating the bakufu army, and in 1869, was awarded shotenroku (a premium) of 1,000 koku (approximately 180 cubic meters of rice).
- 慶応4年1月3日(1868年1月27日)から始まった戊辰戦争第一の役鳥羽・伏見の戦いを経て、1月6日(1月30日)に橋本の戦いで戦死。
- Ryozo fought the Battle of Toba-Fushimi which was known as the first siege of the Boshin Civil War commencing on January 27, 1868, and was eventually killed in the Battle of Hashimoto on January 30th.
- 明治元年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では、大軍監として北関東・会津戦線で活躍し、明治3年(1870年)、藩少参事として藩政改革に尽力した。
- In the Boshin War in 1868, he was active on the North Kanto and Aizu fronts as daigunkan (senior commander), and in 1870, he committed to the reformation of domain duties as Han shosanji (second to a governor).
- 現存長68センチメートルほどの鉄刀の佩裏(はきうら)に「戊辰(ぼしん)年五月□」の銅象嵌(どうぞうがん)で刻まれている文字が見つかった。
- On the inside of the iron blade whose actual total length was about 68 cm, letters inlaid with copper, '戊辰年五月□,' (in May 608) were found.
- 戊午の密勅(ぼごのみっちょく)は1858年9月14日(安政5年8月8日 (旧暦))に孝明天皇が水戸藩に勅書(勅諚)を下賜した事件である。
- Bogo no mitchoku is an incident that Emperor Komei gave a chokusho (imperial decree) to the Mito Domain on September 14, 1858.
- 特に幕府・関白を介さず、朝廷から直接水戸藩へ勅書が出された件(戊午の密勅参照)は井伊ら幕閣の警戒感を強め、水戸藩への弾圧は苛烈を極めた。
- Among others, an incident in which the imperial court sent an imperial order directly to the Mito clan (Boshin no Micchoku) made Ii and the cabinet officials of the shogunate stay alert, and they clamped down on the Mito clan severely.
- 1858年9月14日(安政5年8月8日 (旧暦))、同藩に対して直接勅書を下賜するという異例の行動に出た(詳細は「戊午の密勅」を参照)。
- On September 14, 1858, the Emperor took an extraordinary action of giving a chokusho (official document issued by Emperor) directly to the Mito Domain (for details, refer to the section 'Bogo no micchoku' [a secret imperial decree]).
- 長英はそうした意見をまとめた『戊戌夢物語』を著し、内輪で回覧に供した(ただし、長英の想像を超えてこの本は多くの学者の間で出回っている)。
- Choei summarized his opinions on the incident in 'Bojutsu Yume Monogatari' (literally, a fantasy in the Bojutsu year), which was read internally (however, against his expectations, this book became well-known among many scholars).
- 勘合符の実物は残されていないが、禅僧の天与清啓が明への渡航を記録した「戊子入明記」に「本字壱号」(本字壹號)の勘合符の例図が描かれている。
- The real Kangofu no longer exists, however, 'Boshi Nyuminki' (The Account of the Visit to Ming in 1468), the Zen priest Tenyo Seikei's travel report to Ming, includes an illustration of 'Honji Ichigo' (Honji No. 1).
- 明治政府は抵抗した旧幕臣らとの戊辰戦争における戦費などで発足直後から財政難で全国3000万石のうち800万石を確保できているのみであった。
- The Meiji government suffered from a financial problem from the beginning due to a cost of the Boshin War which they fought against former retainers of shogun, and they could secure a right of owning land of only 800 koku (Japanese unit of volume, and 1 koku was defined as enough rice quantity to feed one person for one year) out of Japan's entire land, 3,000 koku.
- 推古天皇12年(604年)4月3日 (旧暦)、「夏四月 丙寅朔戊辰 皇太子親肇作憲法十七條」(『日本書紀』)いわゆる十七条憲法を制定した。
- On May 9, 604, he promulgated the Constitution known as 'Jushichijo Kenpo' (Seventeen-Article Constitution) as described by '夏四月 丙寅朔戊辰 皇太子親肇作憲法十七條' in the 'Nihonshoki.'
- それが(一揆当事者の意図とは関係なく)長州征伐から戊辰戦争にかけての薩長(新政府)優位の流れを間接的に生み出す役目を果たしたことは否めない。
- It cannot be denied that this disorder indirectly helped the Satsuma and Choshu Domains (which constituted the new government) gain momentum to establish their dominance over Japan during the period from the Choshu Expedition to the Boshin Civil War (regardless of the intention of the uprising participants).
- この8人が中心となって昭和3年(1928年)7月に結成したのが「戊辰書道会」であり、日本書道作振会からの分離独立によって書道界は二分された。
- Centered on these eight persons, the Boshin Shodo-Kai association was established in July of 1928, separated from the Nihon Shodo Sakushin-Kai association, dividing the calligraphic world in two.
- 土佐藩兵は板垣を大将に戊辰戦争でよく活躍しており、さらに大政奉還の青写真を描いたのは坂本龍馬であったが、それを実行に移したのは容堂であった。
- The soldiers of the Tosa clan fought well in the Boshin Civil War under the leadership of Taisuke ITAGAKI, and while Ryoma SAKAMOTO planned the restoration of Imperial rule, it was carried out by Yodo.
- 戊辰戦争には様々な遺恨が絡んでいたのは事実であるが、真実が定かではない事柄までも怨恨と結びつけた主張や、事実の捏造がなされている場合もある。
- It is true that the Boshin War was intertwined with various types of revenge, but there were some claims that connected unsubstantiated incidents with revenge, and there were even facts that were fabricated.
- 光愛の子の柳原前光(さきみつ)は、西園寺公望とともに少壮公家中の逸材と言われ、戊辰戦争では東海道鎮撫副総督を務め、明治維新後、外務省に入省。
- Mitsunaru's son, Sakimitsu YANAGIWARA, and Kinmochi SAIONJI were both described as rare talents among the young kuge, and during the Boshin War, Sakimitsu served as lieutenant governor of the force deployed to subdue the Tokaido; after the Meiji Restoration, Sakimitsu joined the Foreign Ministry.
- 明治元年(1868年)1月3日、大坂の旧幕軍が上京を開始し、幕府の先鋒隊と薩長の守備隊が衝突し、鳥羽・伏見の戦いが始まった(戊辰戦争開始)。
- January 3, 1868, the former shogunate army of Osaka set out to Kyoto, the spearhead convoy of the shogunate and garrison of Saccho had an encounter each other, and the Battles of Toba and Fushimi started.
- この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
- Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.
- 慶応4年(1868年)1月に戊辰戦争が勃発すると、鳥羽伏見の戦い、甲州勝沼の戦い、会津戦争を経て仙台で榎本武揚艦隊と合流し、蝦夷地へ渡航した。
- During the Boshin War that broke out in January 1868, Jingoro took part in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma and the Aizu War, and he subsequently headed for Sendai City where he joined Takeaki ENOMOTO's fleet and went to Ezo by ship.
- 「戊辰戦争に消えたもう一人の「天皇」東武皇帝」逸見英夫(『天皇の伝説』オルタブックスシリーズ001、メディアワークス編、主婦の友社、1997年)
- 'The Emperor Tobu, another 'Emperor' who disappeared in the Boshin War', Hideo ITSUMI ('Legends of The Emperors' Alter Books Series 001, edited by MediaWorks, Shufunotomo Co.,Ltd., 1997)
- 永世禄(えいせいろく)とは、明治初期において王政復古 (日本)及び戊辰戦争に功績のあった者に恩賞として与えられた賞典禄の内、最も上位に属するもの。
- Eiseiroku (a type of premium) was the highest ranked Shotenroku (premium) in early Meiji era, which was awarded to ones with merits for their contribution to the Boshin War and the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 1859年8月には朝廷工作を行なっていた水戸藩らに対して戊午の密勅が下され、ほぼ同じ時期、幕府側の同調者であった関白・九条尚忠が辞職に追い込まれた。
- In August, 1859, the government gave a secret Imperial decree to Mito Domain (who had been carrying out covert action against the Imperial Court), and at roughly the same time the chief adviser to the Emperor, Hisataka KUJO who was a government sympathizer was forced to resign his position.
- しかしながら、『日本後紀』弘仁元年10月21日 (旧暦)戊子(810年11月21日)条によれば、同族の勇山家継らとともに連のカバネを与えられている。
- However, according to an article for November 25, 810 in Nihonkoki (Later Chronicle of Japan), he was awarded, together with the ISAYAMA no Ietsugu and others who belonged to the same clan, a kabane (hereditary title) called Muraji.
- また当時、国内外の金銀比価の差により、大量の金が国外へ流出していた上、さらに戊辰戦争による戦費や、殖産興業のために新政府は深刻な財政不足に陥っていた。
- In those days, the new government was caught in serious financial difficulties not only because a great amount of gold flowed outside the country due to the different exchange ratios between gold and silver at home and abroad, but also because the expenses for Boshin Civil War and the encouragement of new industry was required.
- 戊辰戦争が一段落した新政府が設置した江戸鎮台においては長官の下の6人の判事の1人として会計局判事に任命され、民政や会計、財政、都市問題などを担当する。
- Shinpei was appointed one of the six accounting office judges under the Kami (director) of Edodhindai (the civil court in Edo) which was established by the new government after the dust of the Boshin War had settled, and he was responsible for government policy, accounting, finances and urban issues.
- そこで1908年10月13日に出された戊申詔書のもとで地方とくに市町村財政の立て直しと財政基盤の整備、人員育成を進め、合わせて国民教化の推進を図った。
- The Boshin Shosho published on October 13, 1908 tried to restore the finances of rural regions, especially cities, towns and villages, reestablish fiscal basis, educate the people and at the same time, enlighten the public.
- 明治維新(めいじいしん)は、江戸幕府による幕藩体制から、明治政府による倒幕運動および天皇親政体制の転換と、それに伴う一連の戦争(戊辰戦争)・改革をいう。
- The Meiji Restoration was the historic change from the feudal system of the Edo Shogunate to the system of direct Imperial rule by the Meiji government through the overthrow of the Shogunate, and the accompanying series of wars (the Boshin War) and reforms.
- 以蔵らが最終的に捕縛された際、この事件についての取調べもあったといい、実行犯の1人である森田金三郎だけが黙秘を貫いたため生き残って戊辰戦争に参戦している。
- It was said that there was an interrogation when Izo and the others were finally arrested, and only Kinzaburo MORITA, who remained silent, survived, and took part in the Boshin War.
- 九州年号は鶴峰戊申が、邪馬台国=熊襲説(倭の五王も熊襲の王とする)を述べた著書『鶴峰戊申襲国偽僣考』のなかで、それらを熊襲の年号として考証したものである。
- Shigenobu TSURUMI researched the Kyushu era against Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) era in his book, 'Tsurumi Shigenobu Sonokunigisenko' which states that Yamatai-koku kingdom corresponds to Kumaso (he also advocates that the five kings of Wa corresponded to the kings of kumaso).
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では、山城国八幡の警護を勤めるなど、はじめは新政府に恭順していたが、このときに新政府軍に発砲して敵対したため、朝敵とされた。
- In the Boshin Civil War in 1868, he was loyal to the new government at first as he served as a guard for Hachiman, Yamashiro Province, but he opposed the army of the new government and fired at them, so he was considered an enemy of the Emperor.
- 薩摩藩の藩士として、幕末に薩長同盟のため奔走し、1868年から1869年の戊辰戦争に際しては北越から庄内までの北陸戦線と、箱館戦争で参謀として指揮をとった。
- Kiyotaka KURODA worked as retainer of the Satsuma clan towards the conclusion of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance, and in the Boshin War from 1868 to 1869, he took command of troops as staff officer in the battle line of Hokuriku, the area from Hokuetsu to Shonai, and also in the Battle of Hakodate.
- 慶応4年1月3日鳥羽・伏見の戦いに始まる戊辰戦争が勃発し、歳三は墨染事件で負傷した局長近藤勇の代わりに新選組を率いて戦うが、新政府軍の銃撃戦の前に敗北する。
- On January, 13th, 4th year of Keio, Boshin War started with the Battle of Toba Fushimi; in place of Isami KONDO, who was wounded in Sumizome Incident, Toshizo lead Shinsen-gumi and fought as a deputy of commander but was defeated against the army of the new government in gun fighting.
- 欽明天皇治世(540年 - 571年)には戊午の干支年が存在しないため、最も近い戊午年である538年(書紀によれば宣化天皇3年)が有力と考えられている。)。
- During the reign of Emperor Kinmei (540-571), since there was no year of the horse (the Oriental zodiac), 538, the year closest to his period of reign, is often considered when Buddhism was introduced to Japan.
- 薩長土は、戊辰戦争の頃から、倒幕運動には不熱心だったが藩政改革が進んでおり開明的だった「雄藩」の肥前を仲間とみなし、肥前藩にも明治維新政府に人材を供給させた。
- The Hizen Domain, which had been indifferent to the movement of overthrowing the Tokugawa shogunate since the Boshin War but had made progress in Domain duty reforms, was one of 'Yuhan,' so the Satchodo considered the Hizen Domain as their collaborator and let it supply its people for the Meiji Restoration government.
- 貞篤は水戸藩松平氏の出身で、天誅組の乱鎮圧などに貢献するなどはじめ佐幕派であったが、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府に協力して京都守備を務めている。
- Sadaatsu was from the Matsudaira family of the Mito Domain, and while he first supported Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun side) by contributing to the suppression of the Tenchu-gumi Incident, he helped the new government in the Boshin War in 1868 and defended Kyoto.
- この構造は門扉が砲撃の死角となるようにできており、幕末戊辰戦争では緒戦において北出丸の追手門を突破しようとした新政府軍の阻止に成功し、長期籠城戦に持ち込んだ。
- This structure helped the gate door to be in a blind spot in an attack, and in many battles of the Boshin War at the end of Edo period, they were successful in preventing the New Government Army from breaking through Kita demaru Ottemon gate, allowing the castle to be held for a long time.
- 事実上の祭主としては、盛岡藩家老の家に生まれた政友会総裁原敬が列席し、「戊辰戦役は政見の異同のみ」とした祭文を読み上げ、「賊軍」・「朝敵」の汚名を雪いでいる。
- The president of the (Rikken) Seiyu party, Takashi HARA, who was born to the chief retainer of the Morioka Domain, attended the ceremony, and virtually as a chief mourner, delivered the Shinto prayers during the festival, 'the only casus belli of the Boshin War was the difference in political opinions,' clearing the name of 'rebel army' and the 'choteki' (enemy of the Imperial Court).
- 妻が西郷隆盛の母方の従妹にあたり、その縁もあって重用され、慶応4年(1868年)1月にはじまった戊辰戦争では薩摩藩4番隊長として各地、特に会津戦争に奮戦した。
- Partially because his wife was a cousin of Takamori SAIGO on his mother's side, he was well-treated and given good positions, and fought bravely in the various battles in the Boshin War which started from January 1888, as the captain of the fourth unit of the Satsuma Domain, especially in the Aizu War.
- たとえば憲法十七条の制定は「推古十二年夏四月丙寅朔戊辰(へいいんさくぼしん)」であるが、これは四月一日の干支が丙寅であって、戊辰は三日であることを示している。
- For example, the establishment of the Seventeen Article Constitution was on 'heiin saku (first day of the month) boshin, April 604,' which showed that the Oriental zodiac of April 1 was heiin and that boshin was the third.
- 幕末に長州藩が幕府軍に武力抵抗して打ち勝ち(長州征伐)、幕府の弱体化が顕になって大名への絶対的統制は崩れ、鳥羽伏見の戦い以後の戊辰戦争により幕藩体制は終焉した。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Choshu clan defeated the bakufu army through armed resistance (the Choshu Conquest), the bakufu dramatically lost its power and absolute control over the Daimyo, and the shogunate system was destroyed as a result of the Boshin War that occurred after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 昭和3年(1928年・戊辰/明治維新から60年目の年)、秩父宮雍仁親王(大正天皇第2皇子)と雍仁親王妃勢津子(松平容保の六男・恒雄の長女)の婚礼が執り行われた。
- In 1928, 60th year after Boshin/Meiji Restoration) the wedding of Prince Yasuhito CHICHIBU (2nd son of Emperor Taisho) and Princess Setsuko CHICHIBU (eldest daughter of Katamori MATSUDAIRA's 6th son, Tsuneo) was held.
- 次弟は戊辰戦争(北越戦争)で戦死した西郷吉二郎(隆廣)、三弟は明治政府の重鎮西郷従道(通称は信吾、号は竜庵)、四弟は西南戦争で戦死した西郷小兵衛(隆雄、隆武)。
- His second brother was Kichijito SAIGO who died in the Boshin War (Hokuetsu War), his third brother was Tugumichi SAIGO, who was a central figure in the Meji government, (known as Shingo, go is Ryuan) and his fourth brother was Kohei (Takakatsu, Takatake) SAIGO who died in the Seinan War.
- 戊辰戦争中の慶応4年(1868年)、彰義隊に擁立された頃、または奥羽越列藩同盟に迎えられた頃、親王は東武皇帝あるいは東武天皇として皇位に推戴されたという説がある。
- There is a theory that, during the Boshin War in 1868, when Prince Yoshihisa was put up by shogitai or when he was accepted in Ouetsu-reppan alliance, he was raised to the Imperial Throne as the Emperor Tobu (Tobu Kotei or Tobu Tenno).
- また、江戸開城は一連の戊辰戦争の流れの中で、それまで日本の支配者であった徳川家が、新時代の支配者たるべき明治新政府に対して完全降伏するという象徴的な事件であった。
- Additionally, the surrender of Edo-jo Castle was a historically symbolic incident during the continuous lines of the Boshin Civil War; the Tokugawa family completely surrendered to the New Meiji government which would assert the political control into the new age.
- 「戊午」は下賜された安政5年の干支が戊午(つちのえ・うま)であったことに由来し、「密勅」とは正式な手続(関白九条尚忠の裁可)を経ないままの下賜であったことによる。
- 'Bogo' is derived from Bogo (also called tsuchinoe, uma), the zodiac sign of that year when the chokusho was given, and 'mitchoku' or a secret Imperial command means that the document was given without going through the official procedure which required to obtain approbation from Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), Hisatada KUJO.
- しかし書紀での欽明天皇治世(540年 - 571年)には戊午の干支年が存在しないため、最も近い戊午年である538年(書紀によれば宣化天皇3年)が有力と考えられた。
- However, since there was no Bogo year of the Oriental zodiac during the reign of the Emperor Kinmei (540-571), it is thought that the nearest Bogo year, 538 (according to Shoki, the third year of the Emperor Senka) was most possible.
- 1468に足利義政の命令で明に渡った禅僧の天与清啓が記録した『戊子入明記』によると、遣明船は700~1700石の大型船で150人程度の乗員(内水夫50人)であった。
- According to 'Boshi Nyuminki' written by Zen monk Tenyo Seikei, who visited Ming in 1468 at the behest of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, large ships, whose size were 700 to 1700 goku (a unit of ship size), were used for Kenminsen and 150 persons (including fifty sailors) were on board.
- 旧幕府側の武士を中心として明治政府から独立した政権を模索し蝦夷共和国の樹立を宣言するが箱館戦争で、翌明治2年(1869年)5月新政府軍に降伏し、戊辰戦争が終結した。
- Enomoto wanted to form a new state independent from the newly formed Meiji government and based around samurai from the previous bakufu regime, and declared that the Republic of Ezo was established, but lost the Battle of Hakodate, surrendering to the government in May 1869 and ending the Boshin War.
- これは立憲君主制への移行・軍の近代化・経済振興・科挙廃止を視野に入れた教育改革を目指すもので、方向性は数年前西太后が取り潰した康有為らの戊戌変法と同じものであった。
- The aims included transition toward a constitutional monarchy, modernization of the army, economic advancement, and reformation of education through the abolishment of Kakyo (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats), pointing in the same direction as the Hundred Day's Reform of Kang Youwei that Empress Dowager crushed several years ago.
- 容堂は、慶応4年(1868年)1月3日、 旧幕府側の発砲で戊辰戦争が勃発すると、自分が土佐藩兵約百名を上京させたにもかかわらず、土佐藩兵はこれに加わるなと厳命した。
- On January 27, 1868 when the shooting by the old shogunate triggered the Boshin War, Yodo gave strict orders to the 100 soliders that he himself had ordered from Tosa Domain to Kyoto, to not join the war.
- 容保は幕府派の重鎮と見られて敵視され、戊辰戦争では奥羽越列藩同盟の中心として新政府軍に抗戦して会津戦争を行い篭城し、降伏勧告に応じて佐川官兵衛らに降伏を呼びかける。
- Katamori was thought to be a man of influence of the shogunate's supporters and regarded with hostility; he resisted the army of the new government as a leader of the Ouetsu Reppan Domei in the Boshin War, fought at the Battle of Aizu, and according to the Advice of Capitulation, called on Kanbee SAGAWA to capitulate.
- 新選組(しんせんぐみ)は、江戸時代後期の幕末期に、主として京都において、反幕府勢力弾圧・警察活動に従事したのち、旧江戸幕府の一員として戊辰戦争を戦った軍事組織である。
- Shinsen-gumi was a military organization which, during the last days of the shogunate at the end of the Edo period, suppressed anti-shogunate forces and engaged in police activities, primarily in Kyoto, and fought for the Edo shogunate in the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争時の勲功により明治3年(1870年)に海軍中佐、明治5年(1872年)には大佐に昇進し、明治10年(1877年)の西南戦争でも勲功があったため海軍中将に昇進。
- With his deed of valor in the Boshin war, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Navy in 1870 and to colonel in 1872; and his further achievements in the Seinan War in 1877 promoted him to vice admiral of the Navy.
- 戊辰戦争(ぼしんせんそう、慶応4年/明治元年 - 明治2年(1868年 - 1869年))は、王政復古 (日本)で成立した明治新政府が江戸幕府勢力を一掃した日本の内戦。
- The Boshin War from 1868 to 1869 was a civil war in Japan in which the new Meiji government, brought about by the restoration of the Japanese monarchy, eradicated the power of the Edo Shogunate.
- 『古事記』は崇神天皇の没年を干支により戊寅年と記載しているので(崩年干支または没年干支という)、これを信用して318年(または258年)没と推測する説も中には見られる。
- Based on a description in the Kojiki that Emperor Sujin died in the year of the Earth-Tiger in the sixty-year Chinese calendar cycle, some people believe that he died in 318 A.D. (or 258 A.D.).
- しかし、家老小松清廉(帯刀)や大久保の後押しで復帰し、元治元年(1864年)の禁門の変以降に活躍し、薩長同盟の成立や王政復古 (日本)に成功し、戊辰戦争を巧みに主導した。
- But again he returned, supported by Kiyokado KOMATSU, who was the chief retainer (to belt on a sward) and after Kimmon no Hen (Conspiracy of Kimmon) in 1864, he was very active, and succeeded forming the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and the Restoration of the Monarchy (Japan), and took initiative in the Boshin War.
- また、その後の戊辰戦争時、劣勢となった近藤勇は越谷で大久保大和と称して新政府軍に出頭したが、新政府軍に加わっていた加納道之助に正体を看破されて捕縛され、ついに斬首となった。
- Later, during the Boshin Civil War, Isami KONDO, finding himself in an inferior position, turned himsel in the new government troops under the alias of Yamato OKUBO at Koshigaya; however, his identity was revealed by Michinosuke KANO who had joined the troops, and he was captured and beheaded.
- 明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
- Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.
- しかし昭和25年(1950年)から昭和27年(1952年)10月まで行われた解体修理で、「宝治二年戊申」の墨書名と棟札が発見され、1248年の再建であることが明らかになった。
- However, when the gate was taken apart and repaired from 1950 to October 1952, ink writing stating '1248' and munafuda (a historical plaque on a building) were discovered, and it was revealed that the gate had been reconstructed in 1248.
- 『東武皇帝の実像ー戊辰の歴史に埋もれたもう一人の天皇』山陰久志(『別冊歴史読本 皇位継承の危機 皇室典範改正に向けて皇統の本義に迫る!』新人物往来社、2005年5月25日号)
- 'The truths of the Emperor Tobu - Another Emperor buried under the history of Boshin', Hisashi YAMAKAGE ('Separate volume history book, Crisis of succession to the Imperial Throne, Approach the basic principle of the imperial line toward Revision of Imperial House Act', Shinjinbutsu Oraisha, issued on May 25, 2005)
- 池田屋事件を経験し、なおかつ戊辰戦争において箱館まで転戦した新選組隊士は、土方歳三を別とすれば島田魁と尾関雅次郎、そしてこの蟻通勘吾の3名だけであり、有る意味稀有な存在である。
- Among the members of Shinsengumi, those who lived the experience of the Ikedaya Incident and later went down to Hakodate surviving various fights during the Boshin Civil War were reduced to only three; Kai SHIMADA, Masajiro OZEKI and this Kango ARIDOSHI, except for Toshizo HIJIKATA, and in this sense, he was an rare person.
- 戊辰戦争にあたっては、三春藩は、当初、奥羽越列藩同盟に加盟していたが、河野は、兄広胖らとともにあって、明治政府への帰順を工作し、東山道先鋒総督府参謀であった板垣退助に会見した。
- In the Boshin War, Miharu Domain first joined in the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) allied troops, but KONO was with his brother, Hiroyasu, and set up its submission to the Meiji Government and held a meeting with the general stuff of Tosando spearhead governor, Taisuke ITAGAKI.
- 戊辰戦争から箱館戦争の間における旧江戸幕府軍及び佐幕派諸藩との戦いは、明治政府の構成員であった公武の人々のみならず、当初は日和見的な態度を取っていた諸藩の助力を得たものであった。
- The battles against the former Tokugawa troop and the supporting domains of the Shogun, from the Boshin War to the Battle of Hakodate, were assisted by not only the court nobles and samurai belonging to the Meiji Government but also domains waiting and seeing how things went at first.
- 戊辰戦争終結後の政治状況の変化に伴う若干の変更の後、1869年8月15日(明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に新たに発布された布告(職員令)によって、太政官は二官六省体制に改められた。
- After minor amendments accompanied by the change of political situation after the end of the Boshin War, by the proclamation newly issued on August 15, 1869 (Shikiinryo, the law which stipulated duties of ministries), Dajokan was reformed into Nikan-Rokusho-taisei (the system maintained by two Departments [Jingikan, Dajokan] and six Ministries).
- しかし顧問団が戊辰戦争で箱館戦争し敗戦の結果に終わり、ヨーロッパで普仏戦争にプロイセン(ドイツ)が勝利したこともあってか、明治新政府は軍制を転換しドイツから顧問団を招くこととした。
- However, because the efforts of this advisory group ended in defeat at the battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and perhaps also because Prussia (Germany) won the Franco-Prussian War, the new Meiji government overturned its military system and decided to invite an advisory group from Germany.
- 慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、戊辰戦争が開戦、間も無く、徳川方の尼崎藩(現・兵庫県)を牽制するため、明治新政府は備前藩に摂津国西宮(現・西宮市)の警備を命じた。
- Soon after the outbreak of Boshin War on January 27, 1868, the new Meiji government ordered the domain of Bizen to guard Settsu Province, Nishinomiya (present-day Nishinomiya City) in order to contain the domain of Amagasaki (present-day Hyogo Prefecture), which was on the side of the Tokugawa family.
- 戊辰戦争における官軍、すなわち明治新政府の軍は、長州藩・薩摩藩・土佐藩など諸藩の軍の集合で、大村益次郎、西郷隆盛、板垣退助らがそれぞれ指揮しており、政府が独自に徴兵して組織した軍はなかった。
- The imperial army which fought the Boshin War, that is the army of the Meiji new government, consisted of the armies from various domains such as Choshu, Satsuma and Tosa under the commands of Masujiro OMURA, Takamori SAIGO and Taisuke ITAGAKI, respectively, and there had been no army the government recruited and organized on its own.
- 若年で即位して以来、大政奉還、王政復古と戊辰戦争、明治維新、日清戦争、日露戦争など、激動の幕末から明治時代を経験し、明治新政府、近代国家日本の指導者、象徴として、絶対君主として国民から畏敬された。
- He succeeded to the throne when he was young, then he experienced Taiseihokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Oseifukko (the restoration of Imperial rule), the Boshin War, the Meiji Restoration, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, difficult times from the last days of the bakufu era through to the Meiji period, and he was respected by the nation as the leader of the modern Japanese nation and a symbol, as a sovereign.
- 慶応4年1月、鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参戦、淀藩にて討ち死に(横倉甚五郎)、または江戸引き上げの軍艦「富士山 (軍艦)」船中にて死亡(御香宮神社『戊辰東軍戦死者霊名簿』、今井勇次郎として記載)とされる。
- In January 1868, he took part in the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, and he allegedly died in battle in Yodo Domain (according to Jingoro YOKOKURA) or died on the battleship 'Fujiyama' while withdrawing to Edo (according to entry in 'the list of war dead of the Eastern Camp in the Boshin War' in Gokomiya-jinja Shrine, where the name is written with a different kanji for Yu).
- (これも異説あり。上記顛末記によれば、三浦は油小路の後悔恨のあまり藤堂に受けた傷が悪化し、心身を病んで死んだとされるが、永倉新八の同志連名記によれば、彼は戊辰戦争中に大阪近郊で死亡とされている)。
- (There is a different theory. According to the 'Tenmatsuki,' Miura felt such remorse for his actions in Aburanokoji that the wound made by Todo got worse, until sick in mind and body, he died but in the 'Doshi Renmeiki' by Shinpachi NAGAKURA, he died near Osaka during the Boshin War.
- 初代・中納言・穂波経尚以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米30石であったが、11代・穂波経度は、戊辰戦争の時、錦旗奉行・大総督府参謀を拝命、明治2年(1869年)、その勲功により賞典禄100石を下賜された。
- After the first generation of the family, Chunagon, Tsunehisa HONAMI, the hereditary stipend during the Edo period was thirty koku in warehouse rice; however, as the eleventh generation Tsunenori HONAMI was appointed 'Commissioner for Flags' and 'Army General Staff of the Supreme Command' during the Boshin War (1868-1869), Tsunenori was granted an Imperial gift of 100 koku as a special privilege in 1869 in recognition of his services.
- 真鍋村に移った20代の頃から藤田東湖、会沢正志斎、加藤桜老(儒学者、笠間藩士)、大久保要(土浦藩士、戊午の密勅に参画)、色川三中(国学者、幕府の醤油御用商人)、藤森弘庵(儒学者)らに学び、交友した。
- Since his twenties when he moved to Manabe Village, he had learned from and kept company with Toko FUJITA, Seishisai EIZAWA, Ourou KATO (Confucian scholar and feudal retainer of Kasama Domain), Kaname OKUBO (feudal retainer of Tsuchiura Domain joining a secret imperial decree called Bogo no micchoku), Minaka IROKAWA (Japanese classical scholar and soy sauce purveyor to the bakufu) and Koan FUJIMORI (Confucian scholar).
- 過大な財政負担を懸念しての慟哭であったろうが、後に、京都守護職の任務によって尊皇派の恨みを買った会津藩は戊辰戦争で最後まで抵抗せざるを得なくなり、藩都・会津若松市で壊滅し、現実のものとなってしまった。
- Though they seemed to cry because they were worried about the excessive financial load, the Aizu clan which later incurred the ill will of those advocating reverence for the Emperor because of its duties in the Kyoto Shugoshoku, had to resist to the end of the Boshin Civil War, was completely annihilated in Aizu-Wakamatsu City the clan's capital, and its collapse was indeed realized.
- しかしながら、これらの慎太郎・龍馬の労苦の結晶である軍事同盟締結は、土佐藩内においては旧態依然とした兵制を改革させる決定的契機となり、土佐を戊辰戦争において薩摩・長州・肥前と並ぶ倒幕の主要勢力たらしめた。
- These military alliances, formed through the efforts of Shintaro and Ryoma, led to the opportunity to reform the old military system in Tosa clan, allowing Tosa to become a major power, one equivalent to Satsuma, Choshu and Hizen during the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争の際には、すでに鳥羽伏見の戦いの時点で薩摩藩兵とともに東寺や大津を守備するなど、最初から勤王の姿勢を示しており、近藤勇を逮捕する手柄を立てるなど実戦での功績も評価され、賞典禄2万石を与えられている。
- From the beginning of the Boshin War, the Ii Family showed their loyalty to the Emperor by guarding To-ji Temple and the town of Otsu with soldiers of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and, having achieved great success with the arrest of Isami KONDO, were rewarded with territory worth 20,000 koku.
- 戊辰の役に、薩摩人が会津城を攻めた時、道案内にと呼び出した神官との間に、どうしても話が通じない。思案の末、謡曲のことを思い出し、シテとワキとの掛け合いよろしく問答を進め、やっとうまく行ったという逸話がある。
- There is an episode when Satsuma domain attacked the Aizu-jo Castle during the Boshin War, communication with a Shinto priest who was called as a guide impossible., after much consideration, yokyoku was thought of and conversation was carried out in the same way as the dialogue between shite (main actor) and waki (supporting actor) and finally done well.
- しかし『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺縁起』は、欽明天皇の戊午年10月12日 (旧暦)(同年が欽明天皇治世下にないため(宣化3年)と推定されている)に仏教公伝されることを伝えており、こちらが通説になっている。
- However, according to 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Shotoku Taishi) and 'The Origin of Gango-ji Temple,' official introduction of Buddhism was on October 12 in the Bogo year (in the old lunar calendar, and it is guessed to be in 537 because it was not under the reign of the Emperor Kinmei), which is commonly believed.
- なお、公議とは当時討幕派・佐幕派問わずに広く唱えられた公議政体論に由来すると考えられており、明治政府と戊辰戦争で敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の諸藩代表による議事機関にも公議所(白石城に設置)の名称が用いられている。
- Incidentally, it is said that Kogi derived from Kogi-seitai-ron (parliamentary regime theory) that was then widely advocated without regard to anti-Shogunate group or Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), and Ouetsu-reppan alliance (alliance of strong domains in the northern part of Japan) also used the name of Kogisho (established at Shiraishi castle) for the assembly body of representatives of the domains who opposed to the Meiji Government at Boshin War.
- 断片的な歴史の記録が箇条書き的に記録されており、十七条憲法や蘇我入鹿事件の年代あるいは、「志癸島天皇御世 戊午年10月12日 (旧暦)」に百済の聖王からの仏教公伝、山代大兄(山背大兄王)事件等が記されている。
- Fragmental historical records were itemized: for example, Seventeen-Article Constitution; the year of SOGA no Iruka incident; official introduction of Buddhism by Seong-wang of Paekche on 'October 12, 538' (old lunar calendar); Prince Yamashiro no oe incident, and so on.
- 十七条憲法(じゅうしちじょうけんぽう)とは、『日本書紀』、『先代旧事本紀』に推古天皇12年(604年)4月3日 (旧暦)に「夏四月 丙寅朔戊辰 皇太子親肇作憲法十七條」と記述されている17条からなる条文である。
- Jushichijo Kenpo was a code consisting of 17 articles, which was described under the article of May 9, 604 of 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) as follows: 'In summer on May 9, the Crown Prince himself wrote 17 articles of constitution.'
- その直後の慶応4年(1868年)、薩長の度重なる挑発に対し、幕府軍はついに戦端を開き(鳥羽・伏見の戦い)、ここに戊辰戦争が勃発するが、このとき賊軍の首領とされた徳川慶喜は、熾仁親王にとって父・幟仁親王の従弟であった。
- In 1868, just after that, the bakufu started fighting against Saccho (the Satsuma and Choshu Domains) after provoking the bakufu many times (the Toba-Fushimi War), this was the beginning of the Boshin War, the head of the rebel army, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was a cousin of Imperial Prince Taruhito's father, Imperial Prince Takahito.
- 戊辰戦争時に幕府軍を裏切って、幕府軍敗走の原因を作った暗愚な藩主として有名な「犬」藩主(「裏切り者の犬」として、敵の幕府や味方の新政府からも虚仮下ろされた)の父と違い、賢明温厚で、書画の才にも優れていたと言われている。
- Unlike his father, who was infamous ignorant 'dog' lord for betraying bakufu forces at Boshin War (his betrayal put the bakufu forces to flight, and he was accused as a 'traitor's dog' by both enemy, bakufu and the ally, new government), he allegedly had wisdom, warm personality and excellent talent of paintings and calligraphic works.
- 熾仁親王は慶応3年(1867年)12月、王政復古により総裁の座に就き、戊辰戦争に際して東征軍大総督を務め、1877年(明治10年)の西南戦争で征討総督となり、1894年(明治27年)の日清戦争では陸海全軍の総参謀長を務めた。
- Prince Taruhito became the President after the restoration of Imperial rule in December 1867, but he also acted as Toigun Governor-General during the Boshin War, attack commander in the Seinan War (the Southwestern (Satsuma) Rebellion in 1877), and became Chief General of the Army and Navy in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.
- 中川の養父・中川武平太、実父・中川禄左衛門が戊辰戦争で西園寺に従軍して以来、西園寺と中川家が主従関係にあったこと、叔父・中川謙二郎が明治初年から大正期にかけて西園寺公望と親しくしていたことが西園寺公と小十郎の親密な関係の礎となった。
- The close relationship between Supreme Order Prince SAIONJI and Kojuro was due to the following facts: since his adoptive father Buheita NAKAGAWA and Rokuzaemon NAKAGAWA served on active duty for Kinmochi SAIONJI in the Boshin Civil War, the Saionji family and the Nakagawa family had a master-subordinate relationship; and his uncle Kenjiro NAKAGAWA enjoyed a close association with Kinmochi SAIONJI since the initial year of the Meiji Period to the Taisho Period.
- やがて戊辰戦争が始まると、外国より武器を輸入するための戦費調達を目的として奥羽越列藩同盟の会津藩・仙台藩・二本松藩・久保田藩などが贋貨を鋳造し始め、続いて薩摩藩・土佐藩・芸州藩・宇和島藩・佐土原藩・郡山藩などの官軍諸藩もこれに続いた。
- When the Boshin War eventually started, the Oetsu-reppan alliance: the Aizu, Sendai, Nihonmatsu, Kubota, and other domains started coining counterfeit money, followed by Imperial army domains such as Satsuma, Tosa, Geishu, Uwajima, Sadowara, and Gunyama Domain, for the purpose of raising capital to import weapons from overseas.
- 以来、藩政の改革(藩政と家政を分け、藩庁を知政所、家政所を内務局とし、一門・重臣の特権を止め、藩が任命した地頭(役人)が行政を行うことにした)や兵制の整備(常備隊の設置)を精力的に行い、戊辰参戦の功があった下級武士の不満解消につとめた。
- After that, he worked energetically for redivision of the domain duties (to divide the domain duties and the domestic economy, to change the government building of the domain to Chiseisho prefecture government, to move the domestic economy services to the Interior Ministry, to stop the prerogative for sept and main retainers, and a Jiao (officer) who is appointed by the domain as an administrator), and reorganized the division of soldiers (i.e. the creation of the Jobutai (regular army)), finally, he tried to of complaint of samurai in the lower grade who contributed at Boshin War.
- 村田は、戊辰戦争開始時(明治元年(1868年))は遊撃二番小隊の監軍であり、鳥羽伏見の戦いのときは御台所御門の警備をしていたが、のちに淀の戦い・八幡の戦い・大阪城受け取り・姫路進撃(姫路が降伏したので、明石まで行って帰る)などにも出陣した。
- Murata was an army supervisor of the second platoon of Yugeki (commando unit) at the onset of the Boshin War (in 1868) and served as a guard at the gate of Midaidokoro (the gate where a wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman used) at the time of the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, and later he went into the Battle of Yodo and the Battle of Hachiman, and participated in the acceptance of Osaka-jo Castle and marching into Himeji (since Himeji surrendered, he went to Akashi and went back).
- 尊皇攘夷の中心的な役割を果たしてきた薩摩藩・長州藩両藩を中心とした明治政府が成立したことにより、攘夷が断行されると信じていた全国の攘夷派は明治政府が戊辰戦争が終わると直ちに「開国和親」を国是とする方針を打ち出したことに強い失意と憤慨を抱いた。
- The joi-ha all over the nation believed that foreigners would be expelled by the establishment of the Meiji Government whose main members were from Satsuma and Choshu clans that played important roles in the expulsion of the foreigners, but they were deeply disappointed and outraged by the Meiji Government's issuance of the 'Kaikoku Washin (opening the country to the world with peace and amity)' policy immediately after the end of the Boshin War.
- 戊辰戦争は、新政府下での薩長と幕府の主導権争いに起因する「鳥羽・伏見の戦い」の段階、会津藩・庄内藩の処分問題に起因する「東北戦争(北越戦争と会津戦争を含む)」の段階、旧幕府勢力の最後の抵抗となった「箱館戦争」の段階の3段階に大きく区分される。
- The Boshin War was roughly divided into three phases: the Battle of Toba and Fushimi phase which arose from the power struggle between the Sat-Cho and the Shogunate under the new government; the Tohoku War phase, including the Hokuetsu War and the Aizu War, which arose from the issue of punishment meted out to Aizu and Shonai Domains; and the Hakodate War phase in which the members of the former Shogunate staged a final revolt.
- 552年(欽明天皇13年)に百済から仏像と経文が伝来する(仏教伝来そのものに関しては、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』(「志癸島天皇御世 戊午年十月十二日」)『元興寺伽藍縁起』(天國案春岐廣庭天皇七年歳戊午十二月)を根拠として戊午年・538年とする説が有力である。
- In 552, budda statues and sutras; sacred literature telling religious techniques, were introduced to Japan from Paekche while It is argued that Buddhism was introduced in 538 based on descriptions in 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), 'Ganjo-ji temple garan engi', (the history of Ganjoji temple), (both saying 538 is the year when Buddhism came to Japan.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い(とば・ふしみのたたかい, 慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)-1月6日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日-1月30日))は、戊辰戦争の緒戦にあたり、京都南郊の上鳥羽(京都市南区 (京都市))、下鳥羽、竹田、伏見(京都市伏見区)で行われた戦いである。
- The Battle of Toba-Fushimi from January 27 to 30, 1868 was the beginning of the Boshin War, and was fought in Kamitoba (Minami Ward, Kyoto City) on the outskirts of southern Kyoto, Shimotoba, Takeda, and Fushimi (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
- 『日本書紀』では「十二月 戊辰朔壬申 始行冠位 大德 小德 大仁 小仁 大禮 小禮 大信 小信 大義 小義 大智 小智 并十二階 並以當色絁縫之 頂撮總如囊 而著縁焉 唯元日著髻華 髻華 此云 十二年春正月 戊戌朔 始賜冠位於諸臣 各有差」と記述されている。
- The 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) gives the start date of the system and lists the twelve ranks.
- 朝鮮における壬午事変・甲申政変や清の戊戌の変法の失敗、長続きしなかったイランのイラン立憲革命やロシア帝国のセルゲイ・ヴィッテ改革、ピョートル・ストルイピン改革などが典型である(朝鮮の改革運動については金玉均など、清の改革については光緒帝、黄遵憲なども参照)。
- The examples of unsuccessful reforms are as follows: the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Corp in Korea; the Hundred Days' Reform in Qing; the Persian Constitutional Revolution in Iran; and the Reform of Sergei Witte and the Reform of Pyotr Stlypin in Russian empire (Regarding the movement of the reforms in Korea, refer to the article of 'Kim Ok-gyun,' and regarding the reforms in Qing, refer to the articles of 'Guangxu Emperor' and 'Huang Zunxian').
- 幕末には攘夷論が台頭するがそれを克服し、戊辰戦争の後明治政府は西洋文明の積極的な受容による近代国家の建設、幕府が結んだ西欧諸国との不平等条約の改正と南下政策を進めるロシア帝国との国境確定および東アジア諸国との外交関係の再構築と版図の確定という課題に取り組んだ。
- Japan conquered principle of excluding foreigners that emerged at the end of Edo period, and the Meiji Government had tackled the following issues since the Bushing War: the construction of a modern state through the introduction of western civilization; the revision of the unequal treaties that the bakufu signed, with western countries; the definition of the border with Russia that had been promoting southward expansion; and the restructing of diplomatic relations and definition of the territory with East Asian countries.
- これは明治元年から30年までを10年毎に3期に分け、最初の10年を創業の時期として戊辰戦争や士族反乱などの兵事に明け暮れる時期、次の10年を内治整理、殖産興業の時期、最後の10年を後継者による守成の時期として、自らは第二期に力を注ぎたいと抱負を述べるものであった
- In this plan, Okubo divided the 30 years from 1868 to 1898 into the three terms of 10 year intervals: the first 10 years as the establishment period, making efforts in militaristic affairs such as the Boshin Civil War and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors); the next 10 years as the period to organize domestic affairs, encourage domestic production, and create new industries; and the last 10 years as the period of building up and maintaining this process by his successors; and he said he hoped to contribute his effort in the second term.
- ちなみに、光謙は昭和19年(1944年)11月29日に死去した、江戸時代の藩主の中でもっとも長寿の人物であった(但し、光謙の時代には既に版籍奉還が行われており、上総請西藩の林忠崇(戊辰戦争で幕府側について改易、昭和16年死去)を「最後の藩主」とするのが通説である)。
- In addition, Mitsunori who died on November 29, 1944 lived longer than any other lord of the domain in the Edo period (however, since the return of lands and people to the emperor was implemented during the era of Mitsunori, it is a popular theory to consider Tadataka HAYASHI of the Jozai Domain, Kazusa Province - he became subject to Kaieki [forfeit rank of Samurai and properties] because he was on the side of the bakufu in the Boshin Civil War, and died in 1941 - as the 'last lord of domain').
- また実際に、長州藩では官軍に立場が転じると旧幕府側の人間を敵意をこめて「朝敵」と呼称した山県有朋や世良修蔵のような人物が見られ、鹿児島で起きた西南戦争において旧幕府側出身の抜刀隊員達は、賊軍の汚名を晴らすべく「戊辰の仇、戊辰の仇」と叫んで斬り込んでいったとする談話もある。
- Additionally, Aritomo YAMAGATA and Shuzo SERA called members of the former Shogunate 'choteki' with respect, when their domain switched to the Imperial forces; in the Seinan War in Kagoshima the batto-tai of the former Shogunate forces cut in with a sword, shouting 'Avenge for Boshin, avenge for Boshin.'
- しかし、現在では『上宮聖徳法王帝説』(聖徳太子の伝記)の「志癸島天皇御世 戊午年十月十二日」や『元興寺伽藍縁起』(元興寺の成り立ち・変遷を記述したもの)の「天國案春岐廣庭天皇七年歳戊午十二月」を根拠に538年(戊午年、宣化天皇3年)に仏教が伝えられたと考える人が多いようである。
- However, based on the phrases 'the twelfth day of the tenth month in the year tsuchinoe-uma (583), during the reign of Emperor Kishishima (Kinmei)' in 'Jogu Shotoku Hoo Teisetsu' (a biography of Prince Shotoku) and 'the twelfth month of the year tsuchinoe-uma, the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa (Kinmei)' in 'Gango-ji Garan Engi' (a history of the origins of Gango-ji Temple), many people seem to think that Buddhism was introduced in 538.
- この説は北東北戊辰戦争に従軍した山本八十吉の話(『大館戊辰戦史』93頁)、斬殺された仙台使節の罪状書きに「尊氏の悪例」と書かれていた(『仙台戊辰史』)ことを根拠とする(中山吉弘編著『明治維新と名参謀前山清一郎』〔東京図書出版会、2002年 ISBN 4434013491〕を参照)。
- This theory was based on the story by Yasokichi YAMAMOTO who served in the Northern Tohoku Boshin War ('History of Boshin War in Odate', page 93) and on the fact that 'bad example of Takauji' was written in the indictment document of Sendai Shisetsu (an envoy from Sendai) who was killed with a sword ('History of Boshin War in Sendai') (See 'The Meiji Restoration and The Great General Staff Seiichiro MAEYAMA' compiled by Yoshihiro NAKAYAMA, [Tokyo Tosho Shuppankai (publishing company), 2002, ISBN 4434013491]).
- その後、武者小路穣の「戊辰役の一資料」(『史学雑誌』第61編8号、昭和28年)、鎌田永吉の「いわゆる大政改元をめぐって」(『秋大史学』14号、昭和42年)と続き、昭和56年、藤井徳行「明治元年 所謂「東北朝廷」成立に関する一考察」(「近代日本史の新研究1」)で詳細な研究がまとめられた。
- After that, 'A Material for the Boshin War' by Minoru MUSHANOKOJI ('Shigaku zasshi' (Journal of Historical Studies), Vol. 61, No.8, 1953) and 'Regarding so-called Taisei Kaigen (changing era name to Kaigen)' by Eikichi KAMATA ('Shudaishigaku' (in-house magazine of historical study group in Akita University, Akita Prefecture), No. 14, 1967) followed, then detailed study was complied in 'Consideration for establishment of so-called 'Tohoku Chotei (the Tohoku Court) in 1868' by Noriyuki FUJII ('New Study of Modern Japanese History 1') in 1981.
- しかし、長行や勝静らが函館まで転戦し、最後まで幕府に忠義を尽くしたのとは違い、この正邦は慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争において藤堂高猷の裏切りにより敗走する幕府軍兵が淀城に入城しようと保護を求めてきたとき、淀藩ではそれを一方的に拒否して城門を開こうとすらしなかった(藩主・正邦はこの時江戸城にいた)。
- However, when Nagamichi and Katsukiyo fought in the Battle of Hakodate, faithful to the Tokugawa shogunate to the end, the Yodo Domain under the rule of Masakuni refused point blank to open the gate of Yodo castle when the shogunate troops who had been betrayed by Takayuki TODO and routed in the Boshin War of 1868 asked for shelter (Masakuni was in Edo Castle at the time).
- 推古天皇(すいこてんのう、欽明天皇15年(554年) - 推古天皇36年3月7日 (旧暦)(628年4月15日)『古事記』では戊子年3月15日)は、第33代の天皇(在位:崇峻天皇5年12月8日 (旧暦)(593年1月15日) - 推古天皇36年3月7日(628年4月15日)36年、『古事記』では37年)。
- Empress Suiko (554 - April 15, 628), the thirty-third emperor of Japan, reigned for 36 years from January 15, 593 to April 15, 628, or for 37 years according to the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters).
- 《去文永十一年(太歳甲戊)十月ニ、蒙古国ヨリ筑紫ニ寄セテ有シニ、対馬ノ者カタメテ有シ、総馬尉(そうまじょう)等逃ケレハ、百姓等ハ男ヲハ或八殺シ、或ハ生取(いけどり)ニシ、女ヲハ或ハ取集(とりあつめ)テ、手ヲトヲシテ船ニ結付(むすびつけ)或ハ生取ニス、一人モ助カル者ナシ、壱岐ニヨセテモ又如是(またかくのごとし)、》
- 'In November 1274, the Mongol Empire attacked Tsukushi Province. People on Tsushima Island put up a defense, but Sukekuni SO and others escaped. As for the peasants, men were killed or captured. Women were gathered and hung on the ships' sides with their hands laced through, or captured. No one was spared. They also did the same at Iki Province.'
- スナイドル弾薬の製造設備を失った事は、薩摩を象徴する新兵器だったスナイドル銃が無用の長物と化し、既に旧式化していた前装式のエンフィールド銃で戦わなければならなくなった事を意味しており、後装式と前装式の連射速度の違いがもたらす決定的な戦力差を戊辰戦争での実体験として知る西郷は、この報を聞いて「ちょしもたー」(しまった)との言葉を発したという。
- Now that they lost the production equipment of Snider Ammunition, the Snider rifle, which had symbolized the Satsuma Domain as the new weapon, meant nothing to them and they had to be armed with the outdated muzzle-loading Enfield rifles; it is said that SAIGO shouted 'Damn!' to hear the report because he had realized in the Boshin War that a difference in the burst speed between the muzzleloader and the breechloader makes a crucial difference in fighting power.
- ただし、本土寺の過去帳に載せられている「千葉介代々御先祖次第」には、「第四 胤綱 卅一歳、安貞二年戊午五月廿八日」と記されており、また承久の乱で14歳の若武者が一軍を率いるという年齢的な問題もあることから、享年31を採用して建久9年(1198年)生まれとし、『千葉大系図』では成胤の子(胤綱の弟)とされている時胤・千葉泰綱兄弟を胤綱の実子とする説もある。
- However, the 'Chibanosuke Daidai Gosenzo Shidai' written in a family register of deaths of Hondo-ji Temple has a record, '4th, Tanetsuna, 31 years old, July 8, 1228,' and there is also a problem of how a samurai as young as 14 years old could lead an army in the Jokyu War, and accordingly, there is another argument that he was born in 1198 adopting his age of death being 31, and that Tokitane and Yasutsuna CHIBA brohthers, who were indicated as children of Naritane (younger brother of Tanetsuna) in 'Chiba Taikeizu,' were biological children of Tanetsuna.
- 江戸幕府が王政復古 (日本)により倒れると、薩摩藩・長州藩を中心に成立した明治政府は幕府から外交権を引き継いだが、戊辰戦争の終結によって明治政府が日本の正統な政府であることが諸外国に認められると、1869年2月4日(明治元年12月23日_(旧暦))に明治政府は江戸幕府が勅許を得ずに締結した条約には問題がある点を指摘し、将来的な条約改正の必要性を通知した。
- When the Edo bakufu was overthrown in the Restoration of Imperial Rule (Japan), the Meiji government, mainly established by the domains of Satsuma and Choshu, took over the control over the diplomacy from the bakufu, and when the Meiji government was accepted by foreign countries as a legitimate government of Japan after the end of the Boshin War, it announced on February 4, 1869 that the it was necessary to revise the treaties in the future, pointing out that treaties concluded by the Edo bakufu without the admission of the Emperor had some problems.
- 「寛永十八年御奉行小林村に御居住したまへる以前より、孔雀丸・虎丸と謂う御船あり、享保十三年戊申五月はじめ御奉行保科淡路君如何なる故にや、虎丸の御船を大湊の沖に泛かしめ給ふ。尤も近来稀なることなり。孔雀丸は汚損せしと云へり、今御船の御公用なければ其の水主同心七十五人は常に御役所付の諸役を勤む。」と御普請役御組頭橋本市郎左衛門重永の[享保庚戌備忘録]に記されている。
- Even before the Bugyo came to live in Kobayashi Village in 1641, there were ships called Kujaku-maru and Tora-maru, in May of 1728 for some reason the Bugyo, Hoshina of the Awaji Governor sank the ship Tora-maru in the waters of Ominato. This is the most rare of recent events. If the Kujaku-maru is stained and there is no ship available for use, those 75 suishu/doshin will work regularly at their office duties' is written in Gofushin-yaku Onkumigashira HASHIMOTO Ichirozaemon Shigenaga's 'Kyoho Kojitsu Biboroku.'
- 戊辰戦争の折に清水港に停泊中の脱走艦隊の1隻である咸臨丸の船員が新政府軍と交戦し徳川方の戦死者が放置された件(清水次郎長が埋葬し男を上げた意味でも有名)で、明治になってから戦死者の慰霊の石碑が清水の清見寺内に立てられるが、福澤は家族旅行で清水に遊びこの石碑の碑文を書いた男が榎本武揚と銘記され、その内容が「食人之食者死人之事(人の食(禄)を食む者は人の事に死す。即ち徳川に仕える者は徳川家のために死すという意味)」を見ると激怒したという。
- During the Boshin War, sailors of Kanrin-maru, a ship of the Fleet of Enomoto Takeaki in the port of Shimizu, fought soldiers of the new government's forces and the dead bodies of the sailors were abandoned there (it is a famous story that SHIMIZU no Jirocho buried the bodies and gained a reputation for courage) and later during the Meiji period, a stone monument was erected for the war dead in the precincts of Seiken-ji temple in Shimizu; when Yukichi took a trip with his family to Shimizu, he read and got furious about the epitaph signed by Takeaki ENOMOTO on the monument, which said 'Men who served their master died for their master (which means that the servants of the Tokugawa family died for the Tokugawa family).'
- 平安時代に関東地方において「新皇」を名乗った平将門一党や、鎌倉幕府滅亡後に後醍醐天皇によって開始された建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏、江戸時代末期には1864(元治元)の八月十八日の政変で失脚した長州藩(禁門の変で京都御所に発砲した事により朝敵となり、幕府による長州征伐を受けて二次にわたる幕長戦争が起こる)、王政復古 (日本)により15代将軍徳川慶喜(慶喜は朝敵とされると上野寛永寺に謹慎した)、戊辰戦争においては江戸幕府側勢力(中心的勢力とみなされた会津藩は新政府軍から集中攻撃を浴び、会津藩を強く支持した米沢藩は、比較的早期に降伏したにもかかわらず、戦後重罪に処された)が朝敵とされた。
- The party of TAIRA no Masakado, who called himself 'Shinno' (new emperor) in the Kanto region in the Heian period, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who broke away from the Kenmu Restoration, which was initiated by Emperor Gotoba after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), at the end of the Edo period, Choshu clan, which was brought down by the Coup of August 18 in 1864 (became choteki by firing at the Kyoto Imperial Palace in the Kin-mon Gate Incident, and was attacked by the bakufu in the conquest of Choshu, which led to two Bakucho Wars (wars between bakufu and Choshu)), Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, the 15th Shogun, in the oseifukko (restoration of imperial power) (Japan) (Yoshinobu confined himself at the Ueno Kanei-ji Temple when he was deemed choteki), and the Edo bakufu side in the Boshin War (Aizu Clan, which was seen as the central force received concentrated attacks by the new government troops, and Yonezawa Clan, which strongly supported the Aizu Clan, faced serious charges despite their relatively early surrender) were considered choteki.
- (大田南畝 「寛政十年戊午江戸人別」 『一話一言』 巻26 (1820年) 山下重民 「江戸市街統計一班」 『江戸会雑誌』 1冊(2号) pp. 18–26(1889年) 勝海舟 「江戸人口小記」「正徳ヨリ弘化迄江戸町数人口戸数」 『吹塵録』(1890年) 小宮山綏介 「府内の人口」 『江戸旧事考』 2巻 pp. 19–23(1891年) 『日本財政経済史料』 9巻 pp. 1210–1243(1922年) 柚木重三、堀江保蔵 「本邦人口表」 『経済史研究』 7号 pp. 188–210(1930年) 幸田成友 「江戸の町人の人口」 『社会経済学会誌』 8巻(1号) pp. 1–23(1938年) 鷹見安二郎 江戸の人口の研究」 『全国都市問題会議』 第7回1(本邦都市発達の動向と其の諸問題上) pp. 59–83(1940年) 高橋梵仙 『日本人口史之研究』 三友社(1941年) 関山直太郎 『近世日本の人口構造』 吉川弘文館(1958年) 南和男『幕末江戸社会の研究』 吉川弘文館(1978年)より作成。
- Sources: Nanbo OTA, 'Kansei 10 nen, Bogo, Edonin betsu' from vol. 26 of 'Ichiwa Ichigen' (1820); Shigetami YAMASHITA, 'Edo shigai Tokei Ippan' from vol.1 (pp. 18-26) of 'Edokai zasshi' (1889); Kaishu KATSU, 'Edo Jinko Shoki' from 'Suijinroku' (1890); Yasusuke KOMIYAMA, 'Funai no Jinko' from vol. 2 (pp. 19–23) of 'Edo kyujiko' (1891) and vol. 9 (pp. 1210–1243) of 'Nihon Zaise Keizai Shiryo' (1922); Juzo YUZUKI and Yasuzo HORIE, 'Honpo jinko hyo' from vol. 7 (pp. 188–210) of 'Keizaishi Kenkyu' (1930); Shigetomo KODA, 'Edo no Chonin no Jinko' from vol. 8 (pp. 1–23) of 'Shakai Keizai gakkaishi' (1938); Yasujiro TAKAMI, 'Edo no Jinko no Kenkyu' from the 7th conference (pp. 59–83) of 'Zenkoku Toshi Mondai kaigi' (1940); Bonsen TAKAHASHI, 'Nihon Jinkoshi no Kenkyu' from Sanyusha publishing (1941), Naotaro SEKIYAMA, 'Kinsei Nihon no Jinko Kozo' published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. (1958); Kazuo MINAMI, 'Bakumatsu Edo Shakai no Kenkyu' published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. (1978).