憲: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 憲治
- Kenji
- Toshiharu
- Noriharu
- 憲子
- Akirako
- Kadzuko
- Keiko
- Kenko
- Kenshi
- Noriko
- 憲嗣
- Kenshi
- Kenji
- Noritsugu
- 憲尚
- Kenshou
- Noritaka
- Norihisa
- 憲寿
- Kenju
- Noritoshi
- Norihisa
- 憲周
- Kazuchika
- Norichika
- Norihiro
- 憲樹
- Kazuki
- Kenki
- Kenju
- Noriki
- 憲秀
- Kenshuu
- Kenshoe
- Norihide
- 憲史
- Kenshi
- Kenji
- Norichika
- Norihito
- Norifumi
- 憲公
- Kenkou
- Norikimi
- Norikou
- Norimasa
- 憲久
- Kenji
- Toshihisa
- Norihisa
- 憲昭
- Kazuaki
- Kenshou
- Noriaki
- 憲平
- Kenpei
- Noritaka
- Norihira
- 憲能
- Kazutaka
- Kazunori
- Kazuhisa
- Kazuyoshi
- Toshinori
- Toshihisa
- Toshiyasu
- 憲彦
- Toshihiko
- Norihiko
- Yoshihiko
- 憲美
- Akemi
- Norimi
- Noriyoshi
- 憲人
- Kenjin
- Kento
- Norito
- Norihito
- 憲成
- Kenjou
- Kensei
- Norishige
- Norinari
- 憲正
- Kenshou
- Kensei
- Noriaki
- Norisada
- Norimasa
- 立憲
- constitutionalism
- Tatsunori
- Rikken
- 朝憲
- laws of a nation
- constitution
- Chouken
- Tomonori
- 制憲
- establishment of a constitution
- 官憲
- officials
- authorities
- the authorities
- 家憲
- family constitution
- Kaken (family code)
- 憲兵
- military police
- gendarme
- military policeman
- snowdrop
- 憲政
- constitutional government
- Kensei
- Norimasa
- 憲章
- charter
- Kenshou
- Noriaki
- Noriyuki
- 憲法
- constitution
- a constitution
- supreme law
- top law
- Constitutions
- 国憲
- national constitution
- Fundamental National Law or National Constitution (first attempt at constitution)
- 護憲
- protecting the constitution
- 憲三郎
- Kensaburou
- Kenzaburou
- Norisaburou
- 新憲法
- new constitution (in force from 1944)
- postwar constitution
- 旧憲法
- Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
- Former Japanese Constitution
- 憲兵隊
- regiment of military policemen
- Shore Patrol
- 国憲法
- national constitution
- 成分憲法
- written constitution
- 憲法修正
- constitutional amendment
- 官憲万能
- omnipotence of the officials
- 改憲論者
- advocate of constitutional amendment
- 私擬憲法
- Shigi Kenpo (Private Draft for National Constitution)
- Shigi Kenpo (Draft Constitutions of Japan)
- 民定憲法
- democratic constitution
- 明治憲法
- Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
- 立憲王政
- constitutional monarchy
- 不文憲法
- unwritten constitution
- Uncodified constitution
- 立憲君主
- constitutional monarch
- 平和憲法
- pacifist constitution (often applied to the Japanese constitution)
- constitution which outlaws use of arms
- 成文憲法
- written constitution
- 軟性憲法
- non-entrenched constitutional provision (i.e. able to be amended)
- 帝国憲法
- Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
- Imperial Constituion
- 稲垣憲彦
- Inagaki Norihiko (1948-)
- 伊藤憲治
- Itou Kenji (h) (1915.1.30-2001.11.29)
- 羽田憲司
- Haneda Kenji (h) (1981.12.1-)
- Kenji Haneda
- 立憲政治
- constitutional government
- 安部憲幸
- Abe Noriyuki (h) (1945.5.8-)
- 永田隆憲
- Nagata Takanori (h) (1966.1.12-)
- 欽定憲法
- constitution granted by the Emperor
- 解釈改憲
- effecting de facto constitutional changes through creative interpretation of the existing constitution
- reinterpretation of the constitution
- 欧州憲法
- European Constitution
- Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
- 硬性憲法
- entrenched constitutional provision
- 護憲運動
- movement to defend the Constitution
- Goken Undo (Constitution protection movement)
- 憲法改正
- constitutional reform
- constitutional amendment
- 憲法解釈
- constitutional interpretation
- 憲法の規定
- Regulations in the Constitution
- 明治憲法下
- Under the Meiji Constitution
- 現行憲法下
- Existing Constitution
- 憲法の番人
- watchdog of the constitution
- 立憲政友会
- Rikken seiyukai
- Rikken Seiyūkai
- 違憲審査権
- right to review for unconstitutionality
- 立憲君主国
- constitutional monarchy
- 立憲改進党
- Constitutional Reform Party (1882-1896)
- Constitutional Progressive Party
- Rikken Kaishin-To (Constitutional Progressive Party)
- Rikken Kaishintō
- 日本國憲法
- constitution of Japan
- Japanese constitution
- 日本国憲法
- constitution of Japan
- Japanese constitution
- The Constitution of Japan
- 立憲君主制
- constitutional monarchy
- limited monarchy
- 立憲君主政
- constitutional monarchy
- limited monarchy
- 栄久庵憲司
- Ekuan Kenji (h) (1929.9.11-)
- 立憲国民党
- Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
- 立憲帝政党
- Constitutional Imperial Rule Party (1882-1883)
- Constitutional Monarchy Party
- Rikken Teiseitō
- 立憲民政党
- Constitutional Democratic Party (1927-1940)
- 十七条憲法
- The Seventeen-Article Constitution
- The Seventeen-Article Constitution.
- Jushichijo Kenpo (The 17-Article Constitution; a code consisting of 17 articles in ancient Japan)
- 初名は成憲。
- His initial name was Narinori.
- His name Shigenori, that is, 成範 in Chinese characters, was originally written as 成憲.
- 憲法擁護論者
- defender of the constitution
- 初名は勝憲。
- His original name was Shoken.
- 世界自然憲章
- World Charter for Nature
- 平和主義憲法
- pacifist constitution
- 立憲君主制体
- constitutional monarchy
- 立憲君主政体
- constitutional monarchy
- 国際連合憲章
- United Nations Charter
- Charter of the United Nations
- 憲法上の権利
- constitutional right
- constitutional rights
- 憲仁親王妃久子
- Kikuko, Princess Norihito of Takamado
- Princess Takamado
- 憲人の弟弟子。
- Junior disciple to Norito
- 『十七条憲法』
- 'Seventeen-article constitution'
- 第二次護憲運動
- Second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government
- 立憲主義の要素
- Factors of constitutionalism
- 立憲政友会総裁
- Presidents of Rikken seiyukai
- 大日本帝國憲法
- Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
- the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- 大日本帝国憲法
- Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- カナダ人権憲章
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- 憲法を改正する
- to revise the constitution
- to amend the constitution
- 1867年憲法法
- Constitution Act 1867 (which established Canada)
- 憲法その他の法令
- the Constitution and other laws and regulations;
- 憲法上の政教分離
- constitutional separation of church and state
- のちの憲法学者。
- Later he became a scholar of constitutional law.
- オスマン帝国憲法
- First Turkish (Ottoman) Constitution
- Ottoman constitution of 1876
- 宗憲王(賀陽宗憲)
- Prince Munenori (Munenori KAYA)
- 健憲王(賀陽健憲)
- Prince Takenori (Takenori KAYA)
- 文憲王(賀陽文憲)
- Prince Fuminori (Fuminori KAYA)
- 大日本帝国憲法発布
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was promulgated
- 章憲王(賀陽章憲)
- Prince Akinori (Akinori KAYA)
- 治憲王(賀陽治憲)
- Prince Harunori (Harunori KAYA)
- 米国憲法修正第5条
- Fifth
- Fifth Amendment
- 憲法制定に至るまで
- Background of establishment of the constitution
- 憲人の母方の祖父。
- Norito's maternal grandfather
- (宗憲 前文より)
- (Source: the preceding sentence on Shuken)
- 日本国憲法への移行
- Shift to the Constitution of Japan
- 持氏と憲実との対立
- Confrontation between Mochiuji and Norizane
- 京都学派(憲法学)
- The Kyoto school (Study of the Constitution)
- 藤原光憲(備中守)
- FUJIWARA no Mitsunori, who possessed the title of Bicchu no kami (the governor of Bicchu Province).
- 国際原子力機関憲章
- Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency
- 大日本帝国憲法の内容
- Contents of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- 外国の官憲への引渡し
- Handover to a Foreign Official
- 男女平等憲法修正条項
- Equal Rights Amendment
- 取締役社長 福井正憲
- President of the company Masanori FUKUI
- 立憲政友会正統派総裁
- Presidents of Rikken seiyukai orthodoxy faction
- - 憲兵警察制度発足
- Inauguration of the Kenpei police system
- - 憲兵警察制度廃止
- Abolition of the Kenpei police system
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第5男子。
- He was the fifth son of Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori.
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第6男子。
- He was the sixth Kaya Prince Tsunenori.
- 日本国憲法における天皇
- Emperor under the Constitution of Japan
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第4男子。
- He was the fourth son of Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori.
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第3男子。
- Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori's third son
- 憲平(のりひら)親王。
- His name was Prince Norihira.
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第2男子。
- He was the second son of Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori.
- のちに憲良と改名した。
- He later changed a Chinese character in the name.
- 違憲判断事件の優先審判
- Prioritized Adjudication of Cases with Findings of Unconstitutionality
- 父は藤原通憲(信西)。
- His father was FUJIWARA no Michinori (Shinzei).
- 皇后宮亮藤原顕憲の子。
- He was the son of FUJIWARA no Akinori, who was kogogu no suke (an official responsible for managing the empress's household).
- 立憲政友会総裁代行委員
- Acting president committee members of Rikken seiyukai
- 立憲政友会革新同盟総裁
- Presidents of Rikken seiyukai reform alliance
- ウェストミンスター憲章
- Statute of Westminster (1931)
- Statute of Westminster 1931
- 権利と自由のカナダ憲章
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- 日本国憲法のもとでの詔書
- The imperial rescript under the Constitution of Japan
- 賀陽宮恒憲王(賀陽恒憲)
- Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori (Tsunenori KAYANOMIYA)
- Xを憲法が想定している。
- The constitution assumes X.
- 憲人・西門の妹で大学生。
- Norito and Saimon's younger sister and a college student.
- 父は藤原通憲(信西))。
- His father was FUJIWARA no Michinori (Shinzei).
- 憲法改正有限界説との矛盾
- Contradiction with the theory of limitation of constitutional amendment
- 憲実は幕府に救援を請う。
- Norizane asked the bakufu for help.
- 憲法に対する感性を刺激する
- stir constitutional sensitivity
- 大日本帝国憲法における天皇
- Emperor under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- 恒憲王妃敏子(賀陽敏子)。
- Prince Tsunenori's wife, Toshiko (Toshiko KAYANOMIYA)
- 昭和二十一年十一月三日憲法
- Constitution November 3, 1946
- (宗憲 第七章第七十四条)
- (Chapter 7, Article 74 of Shuken)
- (宗憲 第七章第七十三条)
- (Chapter 7, Article 73 of Shuken)
- 憲法下の天皇制(皇室制度)
- Tennosei (Imperial System) under the Constitutions
- 憲法・皇室典範における皇位
- The Imperial Throne stipulated in the Constitution of Japan and the Imperial House Law
- 大日本帝国憲法のもとでの詔書
- The imperial rescript under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- 名を憲仁(のりひと)という。
- His first name was Norihito.
- (宗憲 第二章・第八条より)
- (Source: Chapter 2, Article 8 of Shuken)
- (宗憲 第一章・第五条より)
- (Source: Chapter 1, Article 5 of Shuken)
- (宗憲 第二章・第九条より)
- (Source: Chapter 2, Article 9 of Shuken)
- (宗憲 第二章・第十条より)
- (Source: Chapter 2, Article 10 of Shuken)
- (併合年で憲兵は2019名。
- (The number of the military policemen was 2019 in the year of the annexation.
- (日本国憲法第2条)」とある。
- ('as mentioned in Clause 2 of the Constitution of Japan')
- (Article 2 of the Constitution of Japan).
- 国家元首としての天皇と憲法改正
- The Emperor as the head of nation and amendment of the Constitution
- 憲法が定める宗教と国家との分離
- constitutional separation of church and state
- 憲人とテレビドラマで共演予定。
- Set to appear in a television drama with Norito.
- (宗憲 第二章・第十一条より)
- (Source: Chapter 2, Article 11 of Shuken)
- 大日本帝国憲法第11条 統帥権
- Article 11. Supreme command of the Army and Navy
- 大日本帝国憲法第34条 貴族院
- Article 34. The House of Peers
- 大日本帝国憲法第4条 統治大権
- Article 4. Prerogative of Sovereignty
- 大日本帝国憲法第2条 皇位継承
- Article 2. Imperial succession
- 大日本帝国憲法第1条 天皇主権
- Article 1. The emperor's sovereignty
- 高円宮(当主格:憲仁親王妃久子)
- Takamadonomiya (Nominative family head : Imperial Princess Norihito's Empress, Hisako)
- - 憲法記念日(1948年より)
- Kenpo Kinen Bi (Constitution Memorial Day), established in 1948
- 榊原憲人 (さかきばら のりと)
- Norito SAKAKIBARA
- (宗憲 第六章第四節第五十九条)
- (Chapter 6, Section 4, Article 59 of Shuken)
- - 十七条憲法・冠位十二階制定。
- Seventeen-Article Constitution promulgated and system of twelve courtly ranks established
- 大日本帝国憲法第14条 戒厳大権
- Article 14. Prerogative to declare a state of siege
- 大日本帝国憲法第13条 外交大権
- Article 13. Prerogative to control diplomatic affairs
- 大日本帝国憲法第31条 非常大権
- Article 31. Exercises of powers in cases of a national emergency
- 大日本帝国憲法第12条 編成大権
- Article 12. Prerogative to organize the Army and Navy
- 忠順の女、好子は賀陽宮邦憲王妃。
- Tadaosa's daughter, Yoshiko, married Prince Kayanomiya Kuninori and became a Princess.
- 請求国の官憲による逃亡犯罪人の護送
- Escort of the fugitive by the authorities of the requesting country
- 若手の能楽師で憲人の先輩に当たる。
- One of the younger Nohgakushi and Norito's senior.
- (宗憲 第六章第五節第六十条より)
- (Source: Chapter 6, Section 5, Article 60 of Shuken)
- 後西天皇の第6皇子、貴宮秀憲親王。
- He was Imperial Prince Takanomiya Hidenori, the sixth son and of the Emperor Gosai.
- 大日本帝国憲法第20条 兵役の義務
- Article 20. Duty of military service
- (のちに憲兵のような役割を果たす)
- (Eventually they played a role similar to that of military police.)
- 第二次世界大戦後憲法研究会で活動。
- He conducted Kenpo Kenkyu Kai (Constitution Research Group) after the World War Ⅱ.
- 審決が憲法その他の法令に違反する場合
- If the decision violates the Constitution or other laws or regulations.
- (宗憲 第六章第五節第六十一条より)
- (Source: Chapter 6, Section 5, Article 61 of Shuken)
- 「宗憲」は、大谷派の最高規範である。
- Shuken' is the supreme law of Otani-ha.
- 吉岡憲法直元が開祖とする伝承もある。
- Another folklore says that Naomoto YOSHIOKA, who first used the title of Kenpo, is the founder.
- 憲宗は820年に宦官により殺された。
- Xianzong was murdered by a eunuch in 820.
- 上杉憲実が足利学校を再興、書物を寄進
- Norizane UESUGI restored the Ashikaga School and donated books.
- 大正2年(1913年):第一次護憲運動
- 1913: The first constitution protection movement
- 賀陽宮恒憲王第1男子で、賀陽宮家嗣子。
- He was the first son of Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori, and an adopted son of the Kayanomiya family.
- 同日、明治天皇と昭憲皇太后が来訪した。
- On the same day, Emperor Meiji and Empress Dowager Shoken visited the guesthouse.
- 上野寛永寺常憲院(徳川綱吉)霊廟勅額門
- The Chokugaku Gate of the Jokenin (Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA) Mausoleum in Ueno Kanei-ji Temple
- 村上源氏出身で、父は中院右少将源憲俊。
- He was a descendant of the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan); his father was MINAMOTO no Noritoshi, who was Naka no in Ushosho (major general of the institution for guarding the Emperor of second class).
- 大日本帝国憲法は、7章76条からなる。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan consists of 76 articles in seven chapters.
- 1012名の朝鮮人憲兵補助員も含む。)
- It included 1012 Korean military police assistants.)
- 大日本帝国憲法でも天皇の称号を用いた。
- The title Tenno was also adopted in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 小早川隆景,立花宗茂,安国寺恵瓊対趙憲
- Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, Muneshige TACHIBANA and Ekei ANKOKUJI versus 趙憲
- 賀陽正憲(在デンマーク大使館一等書記官)
- Masanori KAYA (current First Secretary of the Embassy of Japan in Denmark)
- 上杉憲顕のときに越後の守護に任じられた。
- The Uesugi clan was appointed to the position of Shugo (provincial constable) of Echigo in the era of Noriaki UESUGI.
- 憲人の弟弟子で楽・直角の兄弟子に当たる。
- A junior disciple to Norito and a senior disciple to Gaku and Naozumi.
- 立憲主義の要素としては、次の諸点がある。
- The following are factors of constitutionalism.
- 大日本帝国憲法第22条 居住・移転の自由
- Article 22. Freedom of movement
- 1889年の大日本帝国憲法制定を迎えた。
- In 1889, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan was finally enacted.
- 貴族院の構成(大日本帝国憲法・貴族院令)
- The instatement in the House of Peers (the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and the Decree for the House of Peers)
- しかしこの成功にも憲宗は満足しなかった。
- However, Xianzong was not satisfied with this accomplishment.
- すなはち立憲君主制国家を論じたものである。
- That is, constitutional monarchy state was mentioned.
- 宝戒寺(神奈川県鎌倉市)- 仏師憲円の作。
- Hokai-ji Temple (Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture) - made by Kenen who was a Busshi, a sculptor of Buddhist statues
- 伊藤は日本の現状に適合した憲法を目指した。
- Ito aimed at making a constitution which was suitable for Japan's actual condition.
- 大日本帝国憲法第19条 公務への志願の自由
- Article 19. Right to be appointed to civil or military or any other public offices equally
- 既に言及した十七条憲法などはその例である。
- The Seventeen Articles of Constitution, that was already quoted is an example.
- これを憲兵警察制度 (朝鮮総督府)という。
- It is called the Kenpei Police system (Chosen Sotoku-fu).
- 5月3日(憲法記念日):10.4%(909)
- May 3 (Constitution Memorial Day): 10.4%(909)
- 憲法改正、法律、政令及び条約を公布すること。
- Promulgation of amendments of the constitution, laws, cabinet orders and treaties.
- 大日本帝国憲法第10条 官制大権及び任官大権
- Article 10. Prerogative to organize branches of the administration, and to appoint and dismiss all civil and military officers
- また、帝国議会に憲法改正の発案権がなかった。
- And also, the Imperial Diet had no initiative of constitutional amendment.
- 憲兵警察は文化政治への転換に伴い廃止される。
- The Kenpei police was abolished due to the change to the Bunka seiji.
- 私擬憲法の内容については、様々な研究がある。
- There were various studies of public ideas for a constitution.
- 「我々に授けられた憲法が果たしてどんなものか。
- I wonder what kind of the constitution we were given?
- 皇后は一条美子(昭憲皇太后)だが、子女はいない。
- The Empress was Haruko ICHIJO (the Empress Dowager Shoken) but she did not have any Princes or Princesses with the Emperor.
- 創風会所属のシテ方の能楽師で、憲人の最初の師匠。
- A shite-kata Nohgakushi belonging to the Sohu Association and Norito's first master.
- 興福寺に入り叔父覚憲に師事して法相・律を学んだ。
- He entered the priesthood at Kofuku-ji Temple and studied Hosso Sect Buddhism and Ritsu Sect Buddhism under his uncle Kakuken.
- 山号は祇園山、開基は北条政子、開山は願行房憲静。
- The sango is Gionzan, the Kaiki is Masako HOJO, and the kaisan is Gangyo Bokenjo.
- しかし、惟憲の子の代に阿蘇氏はまたもや分裂する。
- The clan split yet again during the generation of the children of Korenori.
- しかし憲宗はこれに挫けず、淮西の呉元済を滅ぼす。
- However, Xianzong was not discouraged by this, and he destroyed Yuanji WU of Huaixi.
- 同憲法の問題は、主なものに以下の二つが挙げられる。
- There are 2 major problems with this constitution that include the following:
- 遺体は、日本側官憲により16日に引き渡しを終えた。
- The bodies of the French sailors were returned by the Japanese police on March 9.
- これ以後、立憲政党政治は弱体化してゆくこととなる。
- After this incident, constitutional government began to debilitate.
- 憲法制定当初は井上毅らの国体論を基礎的原理とした。
- Just after the promulgation of the constitution, the national polity theory of Kowashi INOUE was a key principle of the constitution.
- この後、政府内の憲法案は全て「天皇」と表記された。
- Thereafter, in the drafts prepared in the government, the Emperor's title was always 'Tenno.'
- また日本国憲法には皇位が世襲される旨の定めがある。
- The Constitution of Japan stipulates that the position of the Emperor is hereditary.
- 元老院は、この諮問に応えて、憲法取調局を設置した。
- The Camber of Elders established a Constitution Interrogation Office in response to the ordinance.
- また、賀陽宮恒憲王も天皇に同様の申し入れをしている。
- Kayanomiya Prince Tsunenori also asked the Emperor to approve him ceasing to be a member of the Imperial Family.
- 福井登 (従五位上 主計助兼豊後守、後に貞憲と改名)
- 福井登 (Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Kazuenosuke (assistant to an accountant) and Bungonokami (the head of Bungo Province - currently Oita Prefecture), later he changed his name to Sadanori).
- 現在、天皇については日本国憲法第1章に記されている。
- At present, the Emperor is stated in chapter 1 of the Constitution of Japan.
- (出雲井晶『エピソードでつづる 昭憲皇太后』参照)。
- (Aki IZUMOI 'Empress Dowager Shoken Through Episodes' referenced).
- この法律は、日本国憲法施行の日から、これを施行する。
- This Act shall enter into force from the date of the Constitution of Japan entering into force.
- This Act shall come into force as of the date of effectuation of the Constitution of Japan (effective as of May 3, 1947).
- 長女の冴子は榊原家に嫁いで憲人、西門、彩紀を生んだ。
- His first-born daughter Saeko married into the Sakakibara family and gave birth to three children, Norito, Saimon, and Saiki.
- 更に日本国憲法では政教分離と信教の自由が掲げられた。
- Furthermore, the Constitution of Japan embraced the principle of separation of government and religion, as well as freedom of religion.
- 夏島の跡地には、明治憲法起草地記念碑が建てられてる。
- A monument commemorating the place of drafting the Meiji Constitution was built in the former site of the villa in Natsuhima.
- 大日本帝国憲法第29条 言論・出版・集会・結社の自由
- Article 29. Freedom of speech, assembly and association
- 10月4日、憲実も平井城を出陣して、一色軍を破った。
- On October 31, Norizane also went into battle from Hirai-jo Castle and defeated the Isshiki troops.
- (日本を)立憲君主制と言っても差し支えないであろう。
- It is correct to call Japan a constitutional monarchy.
- 大日本帝国憲法第1条はこの記述を明文化したものである。
- The article of the Nihon Shoki was clearly rewritten in the Article 1 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 外戚の力関係で憲平親王が立太子し、後の冷泉天皇となる。
- However, Imperial Prince Norihira was formally installed as the Crown Prince with the power of the maternal relative, and later became Emperor Reizei.
- 読売新聞憲法改正試案では天皇制は現状維持と述べている。
- Draft of Constitutional revisions by the Yomiuri Shimbun mentions that the Tennosei should maintain its form.
- 憲人の弟だが、5歳の時に青森の伯父の家に養子に行った。
- Although he is Norito's younger brother, he was adopted into his uncle's family in Aomori when he was five years old.
- この数は17の3倍であり、17は憲法十七条に由来する。
- The number of articles was 3 times of 17, derived from Seventeen-Article Constitution.
- 平治の乱の際に、信西の次男で敗将藤原成憲を受け取った。
- During the Heiji War, he accepted defeat from the general FUJIWARA no Shigenori, the second son of FUJIWARA no Shinzei.
- 大日本帝国憲法において天皇は以下のように記されている。
- In the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the amount of authority the Emperor had was stated as below:
- 日本国憲法には、詔書についての一般的な法律の定めはない。
- There is no common law requirement concerning the imperial rescript under the Constitution of Japan.
- 天皇機関説(国家主権説、国家法人説とも)派 - 立憲学派
- The Emperor Organ Theory (also called State sovereignty theory, State authority theory) group - the Constitutional school
- 主に明治時代から日本国憲法が施行される前に出され続けた。
- Chokugo had continuously been issued mainly since the Meiji Period before enforcement of the Constitution of Japan.
- 三笠宮崇仁親王の第三王子の高円宮憲仁親王が創設した宮家。
- The House of Prince Takamado is a princely house, newly established by Norihito, Prince Takamado, the third son of Prince Takahito of Mikasa.
- 11月3日は1946年に日本国憲法が公布された日である。
- On November 3, 1946, the Constitution of Japan was proclaimed.
- 立憲政治の実現に向けての出発点として御誓文を位置付けた。
- Charter Oath was positioned as the starting point to realize constitutional government.
- 高円宮憲仁親王が、収集家として名高かったことでも知られる。
- Netsuke is also famous for the fact that Imperial Prince Takamadonomiya Norihito was a renowned collector of it.
- 同3年(963年)、皇太子憲平親王(後の冷泉天皇)に入内。
- In 963, she entered into the court to marry Crown Prince Norihira (the Emperor Reizei).
- 1889年に大日本帝国憲法が公布、翌年帝国議会が発足した。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was issued in 1889, and the Imperial Diet was inaugurated the next year.
- しかし、当時欧米諸国以外で立憲政治を実現した国はなかった。
- However, at that time, no other countries except western countries could adopt constitutional government.
- 天皇主権を中心として構成された憲法学説を天皇主権説という。
- The theory of the study of constitution, which is structured focusing on imperial sovereignty, is called the theory of imperial sovereignty.
- 憲秀の弟松田康定の後裔は徳川家康に仕え旗本として存続した。
- The descendants of Yasusada MATSUDA, Norihide's younger brother, served for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and survived as hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogunate).
- また、この頃関東では、上杉憲実により足利学校が再興される。
- And in the Kanto during this same period, Norizane UESUGI worked to restore the Ashikaga Academy.
- 憲法の定める国事行為を除くほか、国政に関する権能を有しない。
- No functions in the government are given, except for ones provided by the Constitution.
- 4月3日(聖徳太子の十七条憲法発布の日):6.1%(529)
- April 3 (Day of promulgation of Seventeen-Article Constitution by Prince Shotoku:6.1%(529)
- 澄憲の作と伝えられる『源氏物語表白』をもとに構成されている。
- It was composed based on 'Genji-monogatari Hyohaku' (confession about 'Tale of Genji'), which is believed to have been written by Choken.
- 憲法改正案は、再び枢密院に諮られ、10月29日に可決された。
- The constitution revision proposal was consulted with the Privy Council again, and finally adopted on October 29.
- 翌年、岩倉具視が上奏した憲法大綱領では「天皇」と表記された。
- In Kenpo Daikoryo (literally, The Grand Outline of the Constitution) reported to the throne by Tomomi IWAKURA the next year, the title 'Tenno' was used.
- 自由民権家の高田早苗は「聞きしに優る良憲法」と高く評価した。
- Democratic activist, Sanae TAKATA evaluated it as 'a considerably nicer constitution than expected.'
- 賀陽宮(賀陽宮邦憲王の子孫、主要な男系子孫に賀陽正憲がいる。)
- Kayanomiya (the descendants of Kayanomiya Prince Kuninori, main male descendant is Masanori KAYA)
- 明治22年(1889年)2月11日、大日本帝国憲法を公布した。
- On February 11, the Japanese Constitution of 1889 was issued.
- 時憲暦の1月1日で、日本の旧正月とはずれることがある)である。
- It is January 1 on Jiken-reki (Chinese calendar), and this sometimes differs from the old Japanese new year.
- 平時は徒歩憲兵に編制されるものと規定されていた(屯田兵例則)。
- In peacetime they were regulated to be organized into toho-kenpei (military foot policemen) (Tondenhei Regulations).
- 横田らは第二次護憲運動にも参加し、加藤高明護憲三派内閣に参加。
- Yokota and others took part in the second Constitution protection movement, and then joined the Takaaki KATO's three-party coalition Cabinet of Constitution protection.
- 一方政変により下野した大隈重信は翌年立憲改進党の党首となった。
- In the following year, Shigenobu OKUMA, who had left the position in the 1881 Political Crisis, was appointed as the leader of the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Reform Party).
- モデルになると考えられたのは、ヨーロッパの立憲君主制であった。
- As the model, they chose the constitutional monarchy of Europe.
- 大日本帝国憲法の制定により、日本は立憲君主制になったとされる。
- With the establishment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, Japan was said to have become a constitutional monarchy.
- 院政に院近臣として勢威を得た藤原通憲(信西)はその代表である。
- The typical case is FUJIWARA no Michinori/Shinzei, who gained power in the cloister government as In no Kinshin (a courtier of the ex-emperor).
- また、日本国憲法下の皇室典範に基づいて葬られた最初の皇族である。
- Additionally, the Empress Teimei was the first of the Imperial family to be interred by the Imperial House Act of the Constitution of Japan.
- 続いて大日本帝国憲法では制限付ながら「信教の自由」が掲げられた。
- Following this, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan adopted 'freedom of religion,' although with some limitations.
- このため朝鮮に日本の憲法を施行せず軍の大権により統治するとした。
- Therefore, the Japanese constitution was not enforced, and the military prerogative ruled.
- 「憲兵警察」は2019名(その内、朝鮮人は1012名)であった。
- The ''Kenpei police' had 2019 officers (the Koreans were 1012).
- 即位以来、憲法の精神を守りつつ平成の天皇のあり方を模索している。
- Since his enthronement, observing the spirit of the constitution, he has tried to find the ideal image of the Emperor in the Heisei period.
- 大日本帝国憲法第10条は、官制大権が天皇に属すると規定している。
- Article 10 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan defined that the emperor held the prerogative to control official affairs.
- 憲法学者の宮沢俊義によれば、天皇機関説は、次のようにまとめられる。
- A constitutional lawyer, Toshiyoshi MIYAZAWA, summarizes the Emperor Organ Theory as follows.
- 東大寺東南院の樹慶に三論宗を、醍醐寺報恩院憲深に真言密教を学んだ。
- Shoshu studied the doctrine of Sanron sect under Jukei of Tonan-in of Todai-ji Temple and Shingon Esoteric Buddhism under Kenjin of Hoon-in of Daigo-ji Temple.
- 「陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない。」(日本国憲法第9条)
- Army-Navy-Air Force, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained.' (Japanese Constitution, article 9)
- 憲兵は一般の朝鮮人に対して極めて威圧的な制度だったと言われている。
- It is said that the military police was an extremely imperative system against the general Koreans.
- 山号は福源山、開基は上杉憲方(寺伝では首藤経俊)、開山は密室守厳。
- The sango is Fukugensan, the Kaiki is Norikata UESUGI (Tsuneyoshi SUDO according to temple history), and the kaisan is Misshitsu shugon.
- 明治初期、官民で作成された憲法案では「皇帝」と表記される例が多い。
- In the drafts of Constitution prepared by public and private sectors in the early Meiji period, the title 'Kotei' was adopted in many cases.
- 大日本帝国憲法34条は、華族の貴族院 (日本)列席特権を規定した。
- Article 34 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan provided Kazoku with the right to be members of the House of Peers (Japan).
- 高階泰経・静憲も賛同するが、この案が実行に移されることはなかった。
- Both TAKASHINA no Yasutsune and Joken agreed, but this suggestion was not put into practice.
- 皇后であった彼女の追号は、本来なら「昭憲皇后」とされるはずであった。
- Her rightful posthumous title should have been 'Empress Shoken' since she was an empress.
- 憲人に「目が可愛い」と言われてコンタクトにするといった素直な一面も。
- He also shows his obedient side when he decides to start wearing contact lenses after Norito says to him, 'You have cute eyes.'
- 日本国憲法では、これらの権利を永久不可侵の「基本的人権」と構成する。
- According to the Constitution of Japan, these rights were defined as 'basic human rights' which could never be violated.
- 賀茂忠行の子には家業を継いだ賀茂保憲や儒学者に転じた慶滋保胤がいる。
- The children of KAMO no Tadayuki included KAMO no Yasunori who took over the family business and YOSHISHIGE no Taneyasu who became a Confucianist.
- 大内方は細川方を襲撃し遣明船を焼き払い、明の官憲は細川方を支援した。
- The Ouchi faction attacked the Hosokawa faction, burning their ship, and Ming officials supported the Hosokawa faction.
- 現在では日本国憲法第14条において家職の概念は明確に否定されている。
- Currently, the fourteenth article of the Japanese Constitution clearly negates the concept of Kashoku.
- モンゴルでは本来の意味での旧暦は時憲暦だが、現在はほとんど使われない。
- In Mongol the old calendar originally meant the Shixian calendar which, however, is seldom used at the present.
- 天皇機関説はあくまで「立憲君主」のあるべき姿を論じた点に注意されたい。
- Attention should be given to the fact that the Emperor Organ Theory just treated of the thesis that how 'a constitutional monarch' should be.
- 大日本帝国憲法第1条:大日本帝國ハ萬世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス(天皇主権)
- Article 1 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan: The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal (imperial sovereignty).
- 明治22年(1889年)2月11日大日本帝国憲法発布式典が挙行された。
- The promulgation ceremony of the Meiji Constitution was held in this seiden on February 11, 1889.
- 皇族を除く貴族制度を否定した日本国憲法施行により1947年に身位喪失。
- This status was lost in 1947 when the Constitution of Japan, which abolished the aristocracy except for the Imperial Family, came into effect.
- 内閣や内閣総理大臣に関する規定は、憲法典ではなく内閣官制に定められた。
- Rules for a cabinet and a prime minister were defined not in the constitution but in Official Cabinet Law.
- 第3次桂内閣に対しては護憲運動を組織して倒閣に追い込んだ(大正政変)。
- Then, the party organized Constitution protection movement and overthrew the Third Katsura Cabinet (Taisho Coup).
- この貞久の孫の宇都宮久憲が筑後十五城筆頭の宇都宮氏系蒲池氏の祖となる。
- The grandson of Sadahisa, Hisanori UTSUNOMIYA was the founder of the Kamachi clan descended from the Utsunomiya clan of the head of Chikugo 15 castles.
- 子の石川憲之は慶安4年(1651年)に伊勢国伊勢亀山藩に転封となった。
- In 1651, his son Noriyuki ISHIKAWA was ordered to change the territory to the Ise-Kameyama Domain in Ise Province.
- また、遅れて室町時代には関東地方において上杉憲実が足利学校を再興する。
- Later, during the Muromachi period, Norizane UESUGI re-established the Ashikaga School in the Kanto region.
- この憲法では、皇室の永続性が皇室の正統性の証拠であることを強調していた。
- This constitution emphasized that the consistency of the Imperial family was evidence for orthodoxy.
- この憲法は、公布の日から起算して六箇月を経過した日から、これを施行する。
- This Constitution shall be enforced as from the day when the period of six months will have elapsed counting from the day of its promulgation.
- 男性歌手にも美輪明宏、美川憲一の様に女性と同様の化粧をするケースがある。
- There are even some cases of male singers wearing makeup similar to that used by the women, such as Akihiro MIWA and Kenichi MIKAWA.
- 明末は魏忠賢ら宦官に与する閹党と顧憲成らの東林党が党争を繰り返していた。
- At the end of the Ming period, the Yang Dang faction, which sided with eunuchs including Wei Zhongxian, repeatedly came into conflict with the Dongling faction, including Gu Xiancheng.
- 立憲主義によって議会制度が定められ、国体によって議会の権限が制限された。
- The assembly system was established based on constitutionalism, and assembly's authority was limited according to the national polity.
- この点も、基本的人権の制約を「公共の福祉」に求める日本国憲法とは異なる。
- It was a difference from the Constitution of Japan which defined that basic human rights were limited only for the sake of 'public welfare.'
- 1947年(昭和22年)に施行された日本国憲法では、以下のように定めた。
- The Constitution of Japan, implemented in 1947, stipulated the following:
- 村上は康保4年(967年)に死去し、18歳の憲平が践祚した(冷泉天皇)。
- Murakami died in 967, and Norihira ascended the throne at 18 (Emperor Reizei).
- 石川憲之は検地政策や元禄国絵図作成などで功を挙げ、幕政にも参与している。
- Noriyuki ISHIKAWA, who achieved good results with a land survey policy and in the making of Genroku Kuni Ezu (a national land map), also participated in the shogunate administration.
- 平安時代中期の賀茂保憲が子の賀茂光栄に伝授して以後、賀茂氏の家学となる。
- In the mid-Heian period, rekido became the hereditary learning of the Kamo clan since the astrologer, KAMO no Yasunori, initiated his son, KAMO no Mitsuyoshi.
- 捜索又は押収は、権限を有する司法官憲が発する各別の令状により、これを行ふ。
- Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate warrant issued by a competent judicial officer.
- 二品尊子内親王(966-985)のために学者源為憲(?-1011)が撰進。
- Tales were selected by the scholar MINAMOTO no Tamenori (? - 1011) and dedicated to Imperial Princess Sonshi (966 - 985) of nihon (the second court rank).
- 島地黙雷全集 全5巻 二葉憲香、福嶋寛隆編 本願寺出版協会 1973-78
- Complete works of Mokurai SHIMAJI, Total 5 volumes: compiled by Kenko FUTABA and Hirotaka FUKUSHIMA, Hongan-ji Shuppan-kyokai, 1973 - 1978
- 朝鮮全土に日本軍や警察が配置され、憲兵以外の軍人も統治や警察活動を行った。
- The Japanese army and the police were deployed all over Korea, and military men other than military policemen also took charge of governance and police activities.
- これに対して北条氏照、北条氏邦は野戦を主張したが、憲秀の籠城策が採られた。
- On the other hand, Ujiteru HOJO and Ujikuni HOJO insisted on an open battle, but Norihide's plot to hold the castle was adopted.
- 幕末期の当主・一条忠香の三女・美子が明治天皇の皇后となった(昭憲皇太后)。
- Haruko, the third daughter of Tadaka ICHIJO, who was the family head at the end of the Edo shogunate period, became the empress of Emperor Meiji (Empress Shoken).
- この憲宗の態度に驚愕した藩鎮側も朝廷に対して恭順な態度をとるようになった。
- Startled by Xianzong's behavior, hanchin began to take a more submissive attitude toward the imperial court.
- 徳宗の跡を継いだ順宗 (唐)は在位半年で死去し、これを憲宗 (唐)が継ぐ。
- Shunzong (Tang), who succeeded Dezong, died after 6 month of his reign, and he was succeeded by Xianzong (Tang).
- 大日本帝国憲法を素直に解釈すると、天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読める。
- When the Constitution of the Empire of Japan is interpreted without argument, it can be read as if the Emperor had very strong powers.
- 大正13年(1924年):第二次護憲運動、皇太子裕仁親王(後の昭和天皇)成婚
- 1924: The second constitution protection movement, wedding of Prince Hirohito (later Emperor Showa)
- これらの条文や憲法全体の解釈運用にあたっては、大きく分けて2つ学派があった。
- There were mainly two school sects regarding interpretation and operation of these provisions and the whole constitution.
- 前号の場合を除いて、法律、命令、規則又は処分が憲法に適合しないと認めるとき。
- Cases other than those referred to in the preceding item when any law, order, rule, or disposition is to be decided as unconstitutional.
- ところが、豊臣秀吉は小田原城内の混乱を狙って憲秀内通との戦略的噂を吹聴した。
- However, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI trumpeted a strategic rumor of Norihide's betrayal aiming at disruption inside Odawara-jo Castle.
- 1889年の大日本帝国憲法により、華族は貴族院 (日本)となる義務を負った。
- According to the Constitution of the Empire of Japan established in 1889, each kazoku class member was obliged to become a member of Kizokuin.
- 翌1883年(明治16年)に伊藤らは帰国し、井上毅に憲法草案の起草を命じた。
- Ito returned to Japan in 1883, and ordered Kowashi INOUE to prepare a constitution draft.
- 仁安3年(1168年)には六条天皇を退位させて、憲仁を即位させる(高倉天皇)。
- In 1168 the he forced Emperor Rokujo to abdicate to allow Norihito to succeed to the Imperial throne (Emperor Takakura).
- 4月22日から枢密院において憲法改正案が審査が開始され、6月8日に可決された。
- The Privy Council began debating on the constitution revision proposal on April 22, and adopted it on June 8.
- 大日本帝国憲法では、皇室の永続性が皇室の正統性の証拠であることを強調していた。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan emphasized that consistency of the Imperial Family was an evidence for their orthodoxy.
- その国政改革を立案・推進したのが、後白河の側近である藤原通憲(信西)であった。
- The architect and driving force of these political reforms was Goshirakawa's right-hand man, FUJIWARA no Michinori (generally known as Shinzei).
- 『本朝世紀』は鳥羽上皇の命により、信西入道(藤原通憲)が編纂した歴史書である。
- 'Honcho seiki' is a history book compiled by Shinzei Nyudo (FUJIWARA no Michinori) under orders from Retired Emperor Toba.
- しかし多くは元の官憲に阻まれ、入明を果たしたのは愚中ら11人のみだったという。
- However, many were hindered by the constituted authorities of Yuan, and it is said that only 11 of them, including Guchu, could enter Mingzhou.
- この事件により、憲仁の立太子のみならず親王宣下さえも絶望的なものとなってしまう。
- Due to this incident, Prince Norihito's position as Crown Prince, and also receiving the title to become Imperial Prince were both cancelled.
- また、生涯に3万首を超える和歌を詠み、その一部が『昭憲皇太后御集』として伝わる。
- Furthermore, Shoken composed more than thirty thousands Japanese poems, and some of them are handed down as 'Empress Dowager Shoken's Gyoshu'
- 憲法その他の法令の解釈適用について、意見が前に最高裁判所のした裁判に反するとき。
- Cases where an opinion concerning interpretation and application of the Constitution or of any other laws and regulations is contrary to that of a judicial decision previously rendered by the Supreme Court.
- 天皇は、この憲法の定める国事に関する行為のみを行ひ、国政に関する権能を有しない。
- The Emperor shall perform only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in this Constitution and he shall not have powers related to government.
- その過程で、宗教色を払拭してゆく(矯正施設での宗教行為は憲法で禁止されている)。
- In the course of gaining popularity, Yoshimoto eradicated religious aspects from Naikanho (because religious activities within correctional institutions are prohibited by the Constitution).
- 政府は、選挙が終了した4月17日に、要綱を条文化した「憲法改正草案」を公表した。
- On April 17, the election was over, and the government revised the draft into article style and announced it as 'the Draft for the Revised Constitution.'
- 1866年(慶応2年)の長州征討では井伊直憲率いる彦根藩が芸州口の先鋒を務めた。
- In the Choshu Conquest in 1866, the Hikone Domain led by Naonori II played a role of spearhead for Geishu-guchi.
- 四条隆昌の猶子四条隆憲(正親町三条公兄の孫)が祖、その孫櫛笥隆朝が櫛笥を号した。
- The original forefather was Takanori SHIJO (grandson of Kimito OGIMACHISANJO), another child considered to be Takamasa SHIJO's own, and Takanori's grandson Takatomo KUSHIGE started calling his family Kushige.
- 1889年(明治22年)2月11日、大日本帝国憲法が発布され、国民に公表された。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was promulgated on February 11, 1889, and then announced to the public.
- 後に藤原忠平の邸宅となり、外孫の憲平親王(後の冷泉天皇)の立太子礼を執り行った。
- The estate was later owned by FUJIWARA no Tadahira who used it to hold a Rittaishirei ceremony to install his grandson Imperial Prince Norihira (who went on to become the Emperor Reizei) as Crown Prince.
- 9月3日、滋子は後白河の第七皇子(憲仁)を出産する(『山槐記』・『帝王編年記』)。
- On September 3, Shigeko gave birth to Emperor Goshirakawa's seventh Prince (Norihito). ('Sankaiki' (a diary written by Tadachika NAKAYAMA in the Heian period), 'Teio Hennenki' (annals presumably established between 1364 to 1380))
- 日本国憲法は、天皇の祖先たちへの言及も、王朝の古代史的な古さへの言及もしていない。
- In the Constitution of Japan, ancestors of the Imperial family and its long duration are not stated at all.
- 第二次世界大戦後、日本国憲法とともに旧皇室典範にかえ、新たに皇室典範が施行される。
- After the World War II, the former Imperial House Act was replaced by the new Imperial House Act, which was enforced in the same year as the Constitution of Japan.
- 法律案は、この憲法に特別の定のある場合を除いては、両議院で可決したとき法律となる。
- A bill becomes a law on passage by both Houses, except as otherwise provided by the Constitution.
- その後、1996年(平成8年)には「宗規」と「憲章」を定め、「末寺」制度を設けた。
- Afterwards, he formalized the religious regulations and charter in 1996, as well as establishing the 'branch temple' system.
- 「内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣は、文民でなければならない。」(日本国憲法第66条)
- The Prime Minister and other Ministers of State must be civilians.' (Japanese Constitution, article 66)
- すぐ東には昭憲皇太后の伏見桃山東陵(ふしみももやまのひがしのみささぎ)が隣接する。
- Just east of here lies 'Fushimi no Momoyama no Higashi no Misasagi' (the mausoleum of the Empress Dowager Shoken).
- 憲法学の通説となった天皇機関説は、議会の役割を重視し、政党政治と憲政の常道を支えた。
- The Emperor Organ Theory, which became a popular theory of the Study of Constitution, focused on roles of the diet and supported the way of party government and constitutional politics.
- 昭憲皇太后の後継者として、蚕糸・絹業を奨励し、自身も養蚕(皇后御親蚕)に取り組んだ。
- As successor to the Empress Dowager Shoken, the Empress Teimei promoted silk yarn threads and the silk industry; she herself, engaged in the production of sericulture (Kogo's Goshinsan [Empress's sericulture]).
- 日本国憲法に定める最高裁判所及び下級裁判所については、この法律の定めるところによる。
- Regarding the Supreme Court and the lower courts prescribed in the Constitution of Japan, this Act shall apply.
- 日本国憲法第八十二条第二項但書に掲げる事件については、閲覧を禁止することはできない。
- With regard to the cases prescribed in the provision of paragraph (2) of Article 82 of the Constitution of Japan, the case records shall not be prohibited for inspection.
- そして、憲法第1条にて「大日本帝国ハ万世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス」と規定されたのである。
- So, the sentence: 'the Empire of Japan is ruled by emperors from the unbroken Imperial family' was stated in the Article 1 of the Constitution.
- 永享10-11年(1438-1439年)鎌倉公方足利持氏、関東管領の上杉憲実と対立。
- From 1438 to 1439, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo, had a conflict with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogun deputy for the Kanto region).
- また日本国憲法施行後は国民主権主義に基づき皇籍離脱(こうせきりだつ)の語が用いられる。
- There is also a description of 'Kosekiridatsu' (secession of a prince from the Imperial Family) based upon national sovereignty rights under the Constitution of Japan.
- たとえば、日本国憲法を国民は想起したがその条規は守らねばならず、その行動は制限される。
- For example, though people recalled the Constitution of Japan, they have to conform to the provisions and their actions are limited.
- 大日本帝国憲法下においては、天皇は大日本帝国陸海軍の大元帥として統括する立場にあった。
- According to the Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan), the Emperor was in the position to supervise the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy as Daigensui (Commander-in-chief).
- 1947年、新憲法の公布とともに博物館は文部省に移管され、国立博物館奈良分館となった。
- In 1947, along with the promulgation of the new constitution, the museum came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, and became Nara Branch Museum of the National Museum.
- 明治天皇自身がこれを呼ぶときは単に「誓文」という(例えば1875年の立憲政体の詔書)。
- The Emperor Meiji called that just 'seimon' (Charter Oath), (for example in Rikkenseitai no Shosho in 1875).
- また、絶対君主制(ツァーリズム)を続ける国に対する立憲君主国の勝利という側面もあった。
- Furthermore, the Russo-Japanese War could also be viewed as a victory of a constitutional monarchy over an absolute monarchy (czarism).
- 天皇主権(てんのうしゅけん)とは、大日本帝国憲法において、天皇が保持するとされた主権。
- Imperial sovereignty is the sovereignty held by the Emperor under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 日本国憲法第92条に基づく地方自治法では、村(そん、むら)は地方公共団体の一つである。
- The Local Autonomy Act, based on the Constitution of Japan Article 92, defines a village (son, mura) as one of local public authorities.
- 討伐の対象になるところを上杉憲定たちの助命活動が実を結び、義満への上洛謝罪で赦された。
- Although it was worth subjugation, Norisada UESUGI and so on asked for his life and he was forgiven by going up to Kyoto and apologizing Yoshimitsu.
- この問題を巡って野党立憲国民党や大日本国体擁護団体などが当時の第2次桂内閣を糾弾した。
- Regarding this problem, the opposition party, Rikken Kokumin-to Party (Constitutional National Party) and the Dainipponkokutai advocacy group both accused the Katsura Cabinet of the second term at that time.
- 「日本国憲法で、天皇は日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴であると規定されています。」
- The Constitution of Japan provides that the Emperor is the symbol of Japan, as well as the symbol of the unity of the Japanese people.'
- 戦国時代に入った1484年、幕の平合戦で阿蘇惟憲が勝利を収め、ようやく一族を統一した。
- After the Period of Warring States started, Korenori ASO won the Battle of Makunohira in 1484 and finally reunited the clan.
- 日本国憲法において、「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」(第一条)と位置づけられる。
- It is positioned as 'The symbol of the country of Japan and the symbol of unity of the people in Japan' in the Constitution of Japan.
- 1889年に公布された大日本帝国憲法では、天皇の位置付けに関して、次のように定められた。
- In the Constitution of the Empire of Japan proclaimed in 1889, Emperor's position was defined as follows.
- すべて裁判官は、その良心に従ひ独立してその職権を行ひ、この憲法及び法律にのみ拘束される。
- All judges shall be independent in the exercise of their conscience and shall be bound only by this Constitution and the laws.
- 憲法において「信教の自由」が唱われており、少数でありながらも様々な宗教が信仰されている。
- The Constitution stipulates the 'religious liberty,' and various religions are professed although the number of their believers is small.
- 子の満家が奥州管領となって、畠山国氏の子畠山国詮や奥州総大将石塔義房の子石塔義憲と争う。
- Sadaie's child, Mitsuie, became Oshu Kanrei and fought with Kuniakira HATAKEYAMA who was a child of Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA and Yoshinori ISHIDO who was a child of the supreme commander of Oshu, Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA.
- 大日本帝国憲法を起草した伊藤博文も、天皇に絶対君主の役割を期待するようなことはなかった。
- Even Hirobumi ITO, who drew up the Constitution of the Empire of Japan did not expect the Emperor to take the complete role of the monarch.
- すなわち、元老院、大審院、地方官会議を置き、段階的に立憲君主制に移行することを宣言した。
- In a word, the emperor declared the establishment of Genro-in, Daishin-in, and local administrative assemblies and gradual shift to the constitutional system of government.
- 「朕、ここにわが建国の体に基づき、広く海外各国を成法を斟酌して、もって国憲を定めんとす。
- I'm aiming at the establishment of a national constitution based on Japan's national polity, and with reference to constitutions of other countries.
- 同憲法は、天皇は、第三条で神聖不可侵と規定され、第四条で統治権を総攬する元首と規定された。
- Pursuant to Article 3 of this Constitution, it prescribed that the Emperor was sacred and inviolable and pursuant to Article 4 of same, it defined the Emperor as the head of the state having complete control of sovereignty.
- 憲実は持氏の助命と持氏の嫡子足利義久の関東公方就任を嘆願するが、義教は許さず討伐を命じた。
- Although Norizane asked for Mochiuji's life and assumption of his legitimate son Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA to Kanto Kubo, Yoshinori did not accept it and ordered to hunt down and kill him.
- 伊藤自身が初代総裁となり、伊藤系官僚と憲政党(旧自由党)・帝国党が中心となって創立された。
- Ito himself became the first president of the party which was established on the initiative of the bureaucracy leaning toward Ito, Kensei Party (former Liberal Party), and Empire Party.
- 憲法は貴族院でも審議されたが、華族制度については衆議院で可決された原案通りに通過している。
- The House of Peers deliberated on the drafts of the Constitution of Japan as well, and as for the kazoku system, they approved the original plan which the House of Representatives had already approved and did not make any modifications to it.
- しかし、義宗は越後国村松郷で関東管領の上杉憲顕の軍に敗れて戦死し、新田氏本宗家は滅亡した。
- However, Yoshimune was defeated at Muramatsu-go, Echigo Province by the army of the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), Noriaki UESUGI, and was killed in the battle, which resulted in the fall of the head family of the Nitta clan.
- 憲平は、村上の先代朱雀天皇のひとり娘である昌子内親王と結婚し、その立場はさらに強化された。
- Norihira married Imperial Princess Shoshi, the only daughter of Emperor Suzaku, who was the emperor before Murakami, and strengthened his position.
- 平安時代中期に賀茂保憲が安倍晴明に天文道を伝えて以後、天文博士の職も阿倍氏の世襲になった。
- In the middle of the Heian period, since KAMO no Yasunori taught tenmondo to ABE no Seimei, tenmon hakase also became a hereditary post of the Abe clan.
- また、一族から僧となった者には鎌倉の安養院 (鎌倉市)を創建した願行(憲禅)などがあった。
- Also, some members of the clan became priests, including Gangyo (Kenzen) who founded Annyo-in Temple in Kamakura (Kamakura City).
- 美濃部達吉や佐々木惣一らの立憲学派は、議会を中心とした立憲主義に重きを置いて学説を構成した。
- People in the Constitutional school such as Tatsukichi MINOBE and Soichi SASAKI focused on the constitutionalism centered around the diet to establish the theory.
- 次の代は尋人の息子の匠人であるが、その次は憲人になるのか海人になるのかははっきりしていない。
- While the family head for the next generation is Hiroto's son Takuto, it is uncertain if Norito or Kaito will be the family head after Takuto.
- 韓国併合年で「憲兵警察」と「一般警察」を合わせて、7712名(その内、朝鮮人は4440名)。
- There were 7712 officers (the Koreans were 4440) with the 'Kenpei police' and 'general police' together in the year of annexation of Korea.
- しかし、近年は酒井憲二による国語学的研究が行われて再評価され、史料性の再検討がなされている。
- In recent years, however, its value as historical records are being reviewed thanks to Kenji SAKAI's study that was conducted from the standpoint of Japanese language.
- 大日本帝国憲法では、内閣の大臣は天皇を輔弼するもの(総理大臣も他の大臣と同格)と規定された。
- Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Cabinet ministers were stated to support the Emperor (the Prime Minister was the same level as the other ministers).
- 新政府は不平等条約の改正を目指し、帝国議会の設置や大日本帝国憲法の制定など国制整備に努めた。
- Aiming at revising unequal treaties, the new government made efforts to establish national systems, such as the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- また反対に憲法を定めず法令によらずして被支配者層を介せず統治するのが前近代的な専制政治である。
- On the contrary, pre-modern autocracy is meant to rule a nation without establishing a constitution, following laws, and considering subjects.
- 現代では通常憲法に条規を定めておき議会(立法府)により君主の行動を制限するのが立憲政治である。
- In modern age, constitutional government is meant to control monarch's actions by a diet (legislature) based on predetermined provisions in the constitution.
- この規則は、憲法の所期する裁判の迅速と公正とを図るようにこれを解釈し、運用しなければならない。
- These Rules shall be construed and operated in a manner that ensures the speedy and fair judicial proceedings expected under the Constitution.
- 同年8月、マキノ智子・沢村国太郎夫妻、監督の滝沢英輔(瀧澤憲)らが退社、東活映画社へ移籍する。
- In August of the year, a couple of Tomoko MAKINO and Kunitaro SAWAMURA and director Eisuke TAKIZAWA (Ken TAKIZAWA) etc. resigned from the company and joined Tokatsu Eiga-sha Flim Company.
- 石川憲之(のりゆき)<従五位下。主殿頭>【寛文9年2月25日藩主就任-宝永3年2月25日隠居】
- Noriyuki ISHIKAWA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on February 25, 1669 - retired on February 25, 1706'
- 皇籍・臣籍とも、主に大日本帝国憲法下において用いられた語であって、現在はほとんど用いられない。
- At present, both Koseki and Shinseki are rarely used as they were the words mainly employed under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 大日本帝国憲法は、第1回帝国議会が開会された1890年(明治23年)11月29日に施行された。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was come into effect on November 29, 1889 when the first Imperial Diet session was open.
- 明治17年(1884年)以降は、間近に控えた議会創設に備えて、立憲制に対応する諸制度を創設した。
- After 1884, the Emperor established various regulations for the constitution to prepare for the establishment of the Diet, which was drawing near.
- 明治元年(1868年)に皇后となった昭憲皇太后も当初は中宮と呼ばれたが、翌年皇后宮と改められた。
- Empress Dowager Shoken who became empress in 1868 was called chugu first, but renamed to Kisai no miya the next year.
- このため、多くの憲法学者が、戦後の宮中祭祀を「天皇が私的に執り行う儀式」と解釈するようになった。
- Therefore many constitutional scholars interpreted the postwar Court rituals as the Emperor's private rituals.
- 大日本帝国憲法下では旧皇室典範によってその範囲を定められた、皇統に属する天皇の一族を皇族とする。
- Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, pursuant to the extent defined by the Former Imperial House Act, the Imperial family was defined as the family of the emperor that shared his Imperial lineage.
- この法律は、もつぱら日本国憲法第七十三条にいう官吏に関する事務を掌理する基準を定めるものである。
- This Act shall provide exclusively for the standards for the administration of the civil service referred to in Article 73 of the Constitution of Japan.
- 天皇又は摂政及び国務大臣、国会議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。
- The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution.
- また、国立能楽堂能楽三役第四期研修終了の深田博治、高野和憲など若手狂言師も着々と育ってきている。
- Also, there are some new Kyogen actors growing steadily in this group such as Hiroharu FUKATA and Kazunori TAKANO, who finished the fourth Nogaku sanyaku (three roles of Nogaku) training at the National Noh Theatre.
- そして、大日本帝国憲法第1条にて、「大日本帝国ハ万世一系ノ天皇之ヲ統治ス」と規定されたのである。
- Therefore, the sentence 'the Empire of Japan is ruled by emperors from the unbroken Imperial Family' was stated in the Article 1 of the Constitution.
- 古くは『十七条憲法』のような例があり、現代の例では20世紀末葉に現れた『万歳三唱令』などがある。
- In ancient times there were examples such as 'the Seventeen-Article Constitution,' and in modern time there is the example such as 'three banzais (cheers) decree' which appeared at the end of 20th century.
- しかし、やがて阿蘇氏は惟歳・阿蘇惟家 父子と惟忠・阿蘇惟憲父子の間で当主の座を巡る争いが起こる。
- Later on, however, a fight over the position of the head of the clan started with Koretoshi ASO and his son Koreie opposing Koretada ASO and his son Korenori.
- この憲法は、日本史上初めて天皇の権限(天皇大権)を明記しており、近代天皇制国家確立の基礎となった。
- This constitution clearly stated the Emperor's prerogative rights (Tenno Taiken) for the first time in history, this became the basis to establish the modern Emperor System of Japan.
- 永万元年(1165年)二条天皇が死去すると、後白河は清盛と手を結び、憲仁親王の立太子を実現させた。
- After Emperor Nijo died in 1165, Goshirakawa made a deal with Kiyomori to allow Prince Norihito become Crown Prince.
- 政府、自由党_(日本)、日本社会党の憲法草案は、すべて天皇機関説に基づいて構成されたものであった。
- All constitutional drafts made by the government, Liberal Party (Japan), and Japan Socialist Party were structured based on the Emperor Organ Theory.
- 現在の「文化の日」はこの日であるが、昭和21年(1946年)の日本国憲法公布にちなんで制定された。
- Although this day is called 'Culture Day' at present, it was in fact established to celebrate the promulgation of Constitution of Japan of 1946.
- 秋月家から養子に入った上杉治憲は実家の秋月家家老から上杉家の作法に背かないことの訓戒を受けている。
- Harunori UESUGI, who was adopted from the Akizuki family, had been told cautiously by the karo of his home Akizuki family not to be against the manner of the Uesugi family.
- 彼らの運動は信仰の自由を掲げる反対派と衝突することとなり、憲法起草を巡って大きな政治問題となった。
- Their movement resulted in a conflict with opponents advocating religious freedom, and became a major political issue regarding the making of a draft of the constitution.
- 明治維新後の日本は不平等条約を改正し、欧米列強と対等の関係を築くために近代的憲法を必要としていた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Japan needed to enact a modern constitution so that they could reform the unequal treaty and build a 50/50 relationship with the allied western powers.
- しかし、人民の精神の自立を伴わない憲法発布や政治参加に、不安も抱いていて、以下のように述べている。
- But, he was also concerned that people were still not psychologically independent even though the promulgation of the constitution and public's participation in politics were realized, and stated as below:
- しかし、成長するにつれて憲平の精神はしだいに変調をきたし、狂気の兆候をあらわすようになっていった。
- However, as he grew up, the mental state of Norihira was altered and he started to show signs of madness.
- 967年(康保4年)5月25日、村上天皇が崩御し、東宮(皇太子)・憲平親王(冷泉天皇)が即位する。
- On May 25, 967, Emperor Murakami dies, and the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Norihira (Emperor Reizei), succeeds to the throne.
- 3代目吉村源三郎は、紀伊郡議会議員、伏見町議会議員、伏見市議会議員(憲政会・立憲民政党)を歴任した。
- Genzaburo YOSHIMURA was appointed a member of the Kii-gun Assembly, the Fushimi Town Assembly, and the Fushimi City Assembly (as a member of the Kenseikai and Rikken Minsei-to political parties) on successive occasions.
- 自由民権運動が高まる中、御誓文は立憲政治の実現を公約したものとして一般に受け止められるようになった。
- While the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was growing, Charter Oath was accepted generally as a pledge of realization of constitutional government.
- また昨今の国際情勢の影響により、近隣にはミサイルを多数配備し、憲兵が小銃を装備し護衛にあたっている。
- By the influence of international situation of these days, a lot of missiles are arrayed around there and the military policemen equipped with a rifle acts as a bodyguard.
- 憲兵は一般行政事務として「日本語普及」や徴税も行い、農事改良をし、「所有者のいない」農地を接収した。
- The military police conducted 'Japanese language education' and tax collection as their general administrative works, and requisitioned 'ownerless' agricultural lands for agricultural improvement.
- 10代松田憲秀に至って松田氏は全盛に達し、北条家の重代の筆頭家老として権勢並ぶものが無かったという。
- The Matsuda clan was at their zenith at the time of the tenth head Norihide MATSUDA, and they were unmatched in power as successive Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) of the Hojo family.
- なお、日本国憲法の施行に伴い、旧皇室典範及び皇室令は1947年(昭和22年)5月2日に廃止されている。
- After the Constitution of Japan was issued, the former Imperial Family Law and the Imperial Family Regulations were abolished on May 2, 1947.
- 政治制度として天皇制を重視した大日本帝国憲法下の日本政府は大逆罪を重罪とし、死刑・極刑をもって臨んだ。
- The Japanese government, putting a great importance on the Emperor system to govern the nation under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, treated high treason as a felony and punished offenders capitally.
- 憲法施行当初は超然主義を唱えた藩閥政治家や官僚らにより天皇主権を中心とした君権学派の解釈が重用された。
- Initially, when the Constitution took effect, interpretation by the monarch school sect focusing on imperial sovereignty was valued by domain clique politicians and bureaucrats who promulgated the idea of the doctrine of superiority.
- 1896年3月1日、立憲革新党・大手倶楽部等国権派と合同して進歩党 (日本)を結成し、正式に解党した。
- On March 1, 1896, the party finally merged with some groups that advocated the expansion of the sovereignty, including Rikken Kakushin-to and Ote Kurabu, to form a unified party Shimpo-to.
- この事件判決で司法の独立を達成したことにより、まだ曖昧だった大日本帝国憲法の三権分立の意識が広まった。
- Tsuda's trial case became the first example of the independence of the judiciary, and it raised people's awareness of separation of powers stated in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan which used to be ambiguous in meaning.
- 「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません。」
- Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- 賀陽宮邦憲王の王女、佐紀子女王と結婚したが、大正12年、関東大震災により鎌倉にあった宮家の別邸も倒壊。
- He married Princess Sakiko, a daughter of Prince Kayanomiya Kuninori, but his family villa in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture was destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923.
- 仁安3年(1168年)2月、後白河は当初の予定通りに六条天皇を退位させ、憲仁親王が践祚した(高倉天皇)。
- In March and April 1168, Emperor Goshirakawa let Emperor Rokujo abdicate as it was initially planned, and then he let Imperial Prince Norihito succeeded to the throne (Emperor Takakura).
- ※この両人および後述の賀陽正憲は皇籍離脱後の誕生であるため、厳密に区分すると「旧皇族の男系子孫」である。
- *Above two people and Masanori KAYA, who is mentioned later, were born after their family left the Imperial Family, strictly speaking, they were 'male descendants of the former Imperial Family.'
- その後、2度にわたる憲政擁護運動を経て、大正デモクラシーと言われるように言論界も活況を呈するようになる。
- After that, going through two campaigns to defend constitutionalism, the press became active, and this is also known as Taisho democracy.
- 日本国憲法は1946年(昭和21年)11月3日に公布され、1947年(昭和22年)5月3日に施行された。
- The Constitution of Japan was promulgated on November 3, 1946, and came into effect on May 3, 1947.
- この一件によって、日本が立憲国家・法治国家として法治主義と司法権の独立を確立させたことを世に知らしめた。
- Due to this incident, Japan was known as a constitutional/law-abiding country which realized that Law and judicial power were independent.
- 政府は、総司令部と折衝の上、3月6日に「憲法改正草案要綱(3月6日案)」を政府案として、国民に公表した。
- The government announced to the public 'the Outline of the Draft for a Revised [Draft on March 6]' on March 6, which was completed after deliberations with GHQ.
- 大井憲太郎や内藤魯一など自由党急進派は政府の厳しい弾圧にテロや蜂起も辞さない過激な戦術をも検討していた。
- The radicals of the Liberal Party, including Kentaro OI and Roichi NAITO, were forming drastic measures against the government's oppressive measures and ready to go to the length of resorting to violence if necessary.
- 幕末に日露和親条約の交渉を行った筒井政憲はその末裔である(久世氏の出身で養子として筒井氏を継いでいる)。
- Masanori TSUTSUI who was active at the end of the Edo period was a Junsai's descendant; he was born to the Kuze clan, inherited the Tsutsui clan as an adopted heir, and engaged in negotiation for the Treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan at the end of the Edo period.
- 幕末期には病弱であった明治天皇も、士族による養育のためか健康も回復し、西洋的立憲君主としての心得も学んだ。
- Although Emperor Meiji was in poor health when he was a child, he recovered thanks to the education by warrior class palace staff, and then he learned how to be a western-style constitutional monarch.
- 君主制が復活しても、憲法を制定するなど立憲君主制、民主政を採用した場合は「王制復古」と呼ばれる場合がある。
- Oseifukko', or restoration of monarchy, may sometimes refer to the countries which establish a constitutional monarchy or a democracy under monarchy.
- 内閣は憲法ではなく内閣官制で規定されており、内閣総理大臣は国務大臣の首班ではあるものの対等な地位とされた。
- The Cabinet was ruled not by the Constitution, but by the Naikaku-kansei (Organization of Cabinet Edict), in which the Prime Minister was stated as the shuhan (the head seat) of the other ministers but in an equal position.
- 信西入道(藤原通憲)が主導した保元年間の大内裏復興、朝儀再興の気運の下に製作が開始されたともいわれている。
- It is said that 'Nenchu-gyoji Emaki' started to be created during the Hogen era (1156-1158) led by Shinzei Nyudo (FUJIWARA no Michinori) under the mood of Dai-dairi (place of the Imperial Palace and government offices) revival and chogi (ceremony at Imperial Court) restoration.
- ただし、日本国憲法下においても、皇室伝来の美術品などは引き続き「御物」と呼ばれ、宮内庁侍従職が管理していた。
- The art works handed down to the Imperial Family are still called 'gyobutsu' under the Japanese Constitution, being supervised by the Board of Chamberlains of the Imperial Household Agency.
- やがて政府が動かざるをえなくなり(国体明徴声明)、従来主流であった立憲学派および天皇機関説の命脈は絶たれた。
- Soon after, the government had no other way but to take actions (government announcement), and the thread of life of the constitutional school and the Emperor Organ Theory, which had been a main stream, was broken.
- 具体的には、天皇主権より統治大権を重視し君主であっても『憲法ノ條規(議会)』に行動が制限される解釈と云える。
- Concretely, it is interpreted that they attach more importance to governing right than to imperial sovereignty and even a monarch's actions are limited by 'the articles of the constitution (diet).'
- 特に、明治維新から戦中までの期間には、国家公認の史観として重視され、大日本帝国憲法第1条にも記載されていた。
- Especially during the times from the Meiji Restoration to wartime, the Japanese government officially emphasized this historical view and stated this in the Article 1 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 1889年(明治22年)には、大日本帝国憲法の公布とともに、旧皇室典範が裁定され、皇室自律の原則が確立した。
- In 1889, Former Imperial House Act was established when the Constitution of the Empire of Japan was proclaimed, and the principle of autonomy of the Imperial Household was established.
- この憲法施行の際、参議院がまだ成立してゐないときは、その成立するまでの間、衆議院は、国会としての権限を行ふ。
- If the House of Councillors is not constituted before the effective date of this Constitution, the House of Representatives shall function as the Diet until such time as the House of Councillors shall be constituted.
- 日本における最古の寺院法制は、推古天皇12年(604年)に聖徳太子が定めたとされる十七条の憲法とされている。
- The oldest legislation of Jiin-ho in Japan was the Jushichijo no kenpo (Constitution in Seventeen Articles) which was laid down by Prince Shotoku in 604.
- 961年(応和元年)には村上天皇の本命供(ほんみょうく)をめぐって陰陽師賀茂保憲と対立し、勘文を奉っている。
- In 961, in the conflict with KAMO no Yasunori, Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang), over honmyoku (a ceremony of holding a service for the 12 zodiac signs in lunar maison) for Emperor Murakami, Hozo submitted a kanmon (written reports for what the Imperial Court requested).
- 明治時代の終わりには上杉と美濃部の天皇機関説論争が行われ、大正デモクラシーの時期には立憲学派が優勢となった。
- At the end of the Meiji period, there was the emperor-as-organ theory argument between Uesugi and Minobe and constitutional school sect became predominant during the Taisho democracy.
- 1876年(明治9年)9月6日、明治天皇は、「元老院議長有栖川宮熾仁親王へ国憲起草を命ずるの勅語」を発した。
- On September 6, 1876, the Emperor Meiji issued 'Ordinance to order the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to draft a national constitution.'
- 冠位十二階、十七条憲法の制定、遣隋使(小野妹子)の派遣、四天王寺、法隆寺などの建立などが主だった業績である。
- His main accomplishments included the formation of Kan I junikai (12 grades of cap rank) and the Seventeen-Article Constitution, the dispatch of a Japanese envoy (ONO no Imoko) to the Sui dynasty of China, and the establishment of Shitenno-ji and Horyu-ji Temples.
- 日本国憲法には元首の規定がなく、天皇の地位について議論がなされているが、公式には日本内外で元首として扱われる。
- Since there are no regulations about the head of state in the Constitution of Japan, arguments about the position of the Emperor have taken place, but officially, he is treated as the head of state inside and outside Japan.
- 在位2年8ヶ月で祖父・後白河上皇の意向により、叔父の憲仁親王(後の高倉天皇)に譲位する(歴代最年少太上天皇)。
- After two years and eight months of being in power, the Emperor abdicated and passed the throne to his uncle, Imperial Prince Norihito (later called Emperor Takakura) as it was insisted upon by the retired Emperor Goshirakawa. (the youngest retired emperor in the history)
- 朝彦親王には王子女が多く、賀陽宮邦憲王、邦彦王、梨本宮守正王、多嘉王、朝香宮鳩彦王、東久邇宮稔彦王などがいる。
- Imperial Prince Asahito had many Princes and Princesses, such as Kaya no Maya Prince Kuninori, Prince Kuniyoshi, Nashimoto no Miya Prince Morimasa,Prince Taka, Asaka no Miya Prince Yasuhiko and Higashi Kuni no Miya Prince Naruhiko.
- 具体的には、天皇主権に重きをおき原則的に天皇には『憲法ノ條規』があってもあらゆる制限は無いという解釈と云える。
- Concretely, they put importance on imperial sovereignty, and they interpret the emperor's actions are not limited in principle irrespective of 'provisions in the constitution.'
- 前項の規定により国内受刑者の引渡しを受けた要請国の官憲は、速やかに、国内受刑者を要請国内に護送するものとする。
- The official of the requesting country who has received the handover of the domestic sentenced inmate in accordance with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall promptly escort the domestic sentenced inmate to the requesting country.
- 最高裁判所は、一切の法律、命令、規則又は処分が憲法に適合するかしないかを決定する権限を有する終審裁判所である。
- The Supreme Court is the court of last resort with power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act.
- 伊藤博文は、井上毅、伊東巳代治、金子堅太郎、ロエスレルらと憲法制定の準備を開始し、枢密院 (日本)を設置した。
- Hirobumi ITO, working with Kowashi INOUE, Miyoji ITO, Kentaro KANEKO, Roesler and the other concerned parties, began preparations to establish the constitution and installed Sumitsu-in (Privy Council) (Japan).
- 上述の本部朝基や屋部憲通などを例外とすれば、戦前は型が稽古の中心で、組手は型の簡単な分解を行うくらいであった。
- Before WWII, except for a handful of cases such as Choki MOTOBU (see above) and Kentsu YABU, the main menu of karate lessons was the practice of kata, and kumite was used only to analyze kata for quick review.
- このうち、黒地である「憲法染の掻取」は袿袴装束に匹敵する正装として扱われ、掻取の上に袴を着用することもあった。
- Among these three, 'Kenpo Zome no Kaidori' which has a black background was treated as comparable formal attire with keiko shozoku, and sometimes they wore hakama (trousers) over kaidori.
- 法蔵 (日本)が応和元年(963年)に時の村上天皇の御本命供の期日を巡って陰陽道の賀茂保憲と論争を行っている。
- In 963 Hozo (Japan) made a dispute with KAMO no Yasunori of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) over the date of 御本命供 of the Emperor Murakami in those days.
- 明治憲法制定により帝国議会が開設されるまでの間、自由民権派は御誓文の実現を求めて政府に対する批判を繰り返した。
- Until Imperial Diet was introduced based on Meiji Constitution, the Freedom and People's Rights group criticized the government repeatedly demanding realization of Charter Oath.
- 天慶9年(946年)に即位した村上天皇は、天暦4年(950年)に第2皇子憲平が生まれるとすぐに皇太子に立てた。
- As soon as Emperor Murakami ascended in 946, he placed a Crown Prince as soon as his second son Norihira was born in 950.
- 憲之は宝永3年(1706年)2月25日に隠居し、その後を継いだ石川義孝は宝永7年(1710年)9月2日に死去。
- Noriyuki retired on February 25, 1706, and his successor, Yoshitaka ISHIKAWA, died on September 2, 1710.
- その直後、伊藤は、天皇の諮問機関として枢密院 (日本)を設置し、自ら議長となって、この憲法草案の審議を行った。
- Just after that, Ito established the Privy Council as a consultative body of the emperor, and he became a chair person of the Privy Council and deliberated the constitutional draft.
- 拝観は宗教行為であるとする観点から、拝観料への課税は信教の自由を保障する憲法違反ではないかとする意見もあった。
- From the point of view that visiting temples and shrines is a religious activity, there was another opinion that the taxation of the entrance fee may be an act repugnant to the Constitution, which ensures freedom of religion.
- 同時代の君主国憲法の多くが、立法権を君主と国会が共有する権能としていたことと比すると特異な立法例であると言える。
- Given that many of the other monarchial constitutions of the same period defined that a monarch and a government should share legislative power, it could be said that the Japanese constitution was a rare case.
- 持氏一行は途中で憲実の家宰長尾忠政・長尾景仲の軍と出会い、持氏は幕府への恭順を誓い、ともに鎌倉の永安寺に入った。
- As the Mochiuji's party encountered troops of 忠政 NAGAO and Kagenaka NAGAO, main retainers of Norizane on their way, Mochiuji took an oath of allegiance to the bakufu and they entered Yoan-ji Temple of Kamakura altogether.
- 当時、明治政府は政府主導による憲法制定・国会開設を着々と準備する一方で、民権運動に対する弾圧政策を強化していた。
- At that time, the Meiji Government was promoting the preparation of the government-led formulation of a constitution and establishment of the National Diet while it was strengthening an ironfisted policy to democratic movements.
- 自由民権運動の真の成功は、これらの権利を永久不可侵の「基本的人権」と定めた日本国憲法施行を待たざるをえなかった。
- The freedom and popular rights movement came to reach true success when the Constitution of Japan came into force that regarded people's rights as the inviolable fundamental human right.
- 常に国民の幸福を願いつつ、日本国憲法を遵守し、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴としてのつとめを果たすことを誓います。
- I swear to accomplish the duties as a symbol of Japan and the unity of the Japanese people as I always wish people's happiness and follow the Constitution of Japan.
- しかし諸外国は、日本を天皇を元首とした立憲君主国とみなしており、日本政府も事実上天皇を元首として取り扱っている。
- However, other countries consider Japan as a constitutional monarchy with the Emperor as the head of state and the Japanese government are treating the Emperor more or less as the head of the country.
- これはポジのガラス乾板で軍扇に収められており、複写したものを小坂家末裔の小坂憲次氏より、阿弥陀寺に寄進されている。
- It was the photographic positive in on a dry glass plate kept in the military style fan, a copy of the photograph was given to Amida-ji Temple by Kenji KOSAKA who is a descendant of the Kosaka family.
- しかし一方では法印大僧都済憲と密通して海恵を儲けたという噂が、内親王の生前から公然の秘密として語られていたという。
- Meanwhile, it is said that people openly rumored, even while she was still alive, that she committed adultery with Hoin Daisozu Saiken and ended up having a child named Kaie.
- 現行憲法下と違い、四世孫(皇親族)までが親王・内親王とされ、五世孫以下が王・女王とされていた(旧皇室典範31条)。
- Unlike the existing constitution, the title imperial prince/princess was given to those down to the great-grandchildren of the emperor, and great-great-grandchildren and later generations were given the title prince or princess (Article 31 of the former Imperial House Act).
- 日本国憲法が平和と文化を重視しているということで、この日が1948年公布・施行の祝日法で「文化の日」に定められた。
- In view of the spirit of the Constitution of Japan which places a great deal of importance on peace and culture, this very day was decided as Culture Day under the National Holidays Law (proclaimed and enforced in 1948).
- それでも、皇后の長男であり、先帝の女婿であり、有力な外戚に支えられた憲平を廃嫡する決断は村上には結局できなかった。
- However, since he was the first son of the Empress and the son-in-law of the previous Emperor, with support from influential maternal relatives, Murakami could not make the decision to disinherit Norihira.
- 明治政府内では、1880年(明治13年)元老院 (日本)が天皇に上奏した日本国国憲按では「皇帝」と表記されていた。
- In Meiji Government, Nihonkoku Kokkenan (one of the drafts of Constitution) that was reported to the throne by Genroin (the Chamber of Elders) in 1880 adopted the 'Kotei' title.
- 京都、東山鹿ヶ谷(現在の京都市左京区)の静賢法印(藤原通憲の子)の山荘で謀議が行われたとされ、このように呼ばれる。
- It is called 'Shishigatani Conspiracy' because secret talks were carried out at Joken Hoin (a child of FUJIWARA no Michinori)'s mountain retreat in Higashiyama Shishigatani, Kyoto (presently, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- これに対し、最高裁は、京都市公安条例は合憲であると判断し、巡査による写真撮影が違憲・違法なものではないと判断した。
- In response, the Supreme Court judged that Kyoto City Ordinance was not in violation of the Constitution and the police officer's act was not in violation of the Constitution.
- 当時日本ではすでに議院内閣制が施行されていたが、現代ではほとんどの国家で憲法が施行されている(右図の紫などを除く)。
- At that time, parliamentary Cabinet system had been already put into effect in Japan, but in modern age, constitutions have been effective in most states (excluding those colored in purple in the illustration on the right).
- 1932年(昭和7年)に起きた五・一五事件で犬養毅首相が暗殺され、憲政の常道が崩壊すると、この傾向も強まっていった。
- When Prime Minister Tsuyoshi INUKAI was assassinated in the May 15th Incident in 1932 and the way of constitutional politics was collapsed, the trend was strengthened.
- 前項の書類は、外国会社の本国の管轄官庁又は日本における領事その他権限がある官憲の認証を受けたものでなければならない。
- The documents set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be certified by the competent government agency or consul in Japan of the foreign company's own state or any other competent authority.
- そのために、天皇を中心として国民を一つにまとめる反面、議会に力を持たせ、バランスの取れた憲法を制定する必要があった。
- Therefore, the new constitution needed to make a power balance between the emperor and the diet by defining the emperor as the symbol to unite people and giving the powers to the diet.
- この根拠については、伊藤博文著の『憲法義解』によると、行政権もまた司法権からの独立を要することに基づくとされている。
- This idea was based on Hirobumi ITO's 'Kenpogige' (Commentaries on the constitution) which insisted that administrative powers should be independent from judicial powers.
- 日本国憲法の制定に合わせて年に民法の大改正が行われ、親族編・相続編が根本的に改められたことにより、家制度は終了した。
- Ie seido was abolished as a major revision was made to the Old Civil Codes according to establishment of the Constitution of Japan in1947 and sections of relatives and Inheritance were completely changed.
- ただし当時の司法は憲法上はともかく、実際には司法行政や行政裁判の扱いなど完全に政府から独立していたわけではなかった。
- According to the constitution, Japanese courts were already independent, but in fact, they were still under the control of the government in respect of judicial administration and trial procedures.
- また、福澤諭吉は主宰する「時事新報」の紙上で、「国乱」によらない憲法の発布と国会開設を驚き、好意を持って受け止めた。
- Yukichi FUKUZAWA, also wrote in the 'Jiji Shinpo' which he organized, that he was surprised that the constitution was promulgated and the national diet was established without any 'national conflict,' and was pleased with it.
- そして尚征は寛文9年(1669年)2月25日に丹後国宮津藩に移され、代わって伊勢亀山藩より石川憲之が6万石で入った。
- Then, Naoyuki was transferred to the Miyazu Domain in Tango Province on February 25, 1669, and Noriyuki ISHIKAWA took over the domain with assigned revenues of 60,000 koku.
- このため明国官憲の監視が及ばず、中国商船は合法的に来航できる東南アジア諸港で日本船との出会い貿易が行われたのである。
- As a result, Chinese trading ships met and traded with Japanese ships in ports at Southeast Asia where they could travel legally and outside the watchful eyes of the government authorities of the Ming Dynasty.
- 倭国でも7世紀前半にかけて聖徳太子と蘇我氏により遣隋使派遣・冠位十二階制定・十七条憲法導入などの国政改革が行われた。
- In Wa as well, Prince Shotoku and the Soga clan reformed national politics by sending Japanese envoys to Sui Dynasty China, establishing Kani junikai (twelve grades of cap rank) and introducing a Seventeen-Article Constitution.
- 「坪内君が『桐一葉』を書いた時は、團十郎が羅馬法王で、桜痴居士が大宰相で、黙阿弥劇が憲法となっている大専制国であった。
- When Mr. Tsubouchi wrote 'Kiri Hitoha,' Kabuki was just like an autocratic large country in which Kabuki Danjuro was the Pope, Ochi-koji was dai saiso (great prime minister), and Mokuamii geki (drama) was a Constitution.
- しかし、天皇を最高機関とせず国民主権原理に基づく日本国憲法が成立するに至り、天皇機関説は解釈学説としての使命を終えた。
- However, with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan which doesn't set the emperor as the highest organ and is based on the principle of popular sovereignty, the Emperor Organ Theory ended its duty as an interpretation theory.
- 大日本帝国憲法下の勅語には、帝国議会の開院式に発せられるのをはじめ、「青少年学徒ニ賜リタル勅語」など様々なものがある。
- Various Chokugo were issued under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, such as the one at the opening ceremony of imperial Diet, or the one titled as 'Seishonen gakuto ni tamawaritaru chokugo' (literally, imperial rescript deigned to juveniles and students.'
- さらに、昭憲皇太后に歌道を、明治天皇に書道と歌道を指南したほか、五箇条の御誓文の正本も幟仁親王によって揮毫されている。
- In addition, he instructed Empress Dowager Shoken in waka poetry and also instructed Emperor Meiji in calligraphy and waka poetry, and moreover, he wrote the original document of Charter Oath of Five Articles.
- 同年5月9日、宮内省告示第9号により「昭憲皇太后」と追号され、翌年5月1日に、明治天皇とともに明治神宮の祭神とされた。
- On May 9 of the same year, by the Imperial Household Ministry notification no. 9, Shoken was given the posthumous title 'Empress Dowager Shoken,' and on May 1 of the following year, she was enshrined along with Emperor Meiji in the Meiji-jingu Shrine.
- 前条第一項の規定により、逃亡犯罪人の引渡を受けた請求国の官憲は、すみやかに、逃亡犯罪人を請求国内に護送するものとする。
- Upon receipt of the surrendered fugitive as provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 20, the authorities of the requesting country shall promptly escort the fugitive to the requesting country.
- 裁判所は、日本国憲法に特別の定のある場合を除いて一切の法律上の争訟を裁判し、その他法律において特に定める権限を有する。
- Courts shall, except as specifically provided for in the Constitution of Japan, decide all legal disputes, and have such other powers as are specifically provided for by law.
- この革命の象徴となり、アジア初の本格的立憲君主となった明治天皇について、諸外国では日本以上に高く評価されることもある。
- Emperor Meiji, who became the symbol of this revolution and the constitutional monarch for the first time in Asia, is sometimes more valued in foreign countries than in Japan.
- 1946年(昭和21年)6月25日、衆議院本会議における日本国憲法案の審議の初め、当時の吉田茂首相は御誓文に言及した。
- On June 25, 1946, at the beginning of consideration of the Constitution of Japan in the Lower House, Prime Minister Shigeru YOSHIDA referred to Charter Oath.
- さらに九州同志会を含めた四派が合同して、9月15日自由党 (日本)立憲自由党 (日本 1890-1891)を結成した。
- And on September 15, the Rikken Jiyu-to (the Constitutional Liberal Party) was formed by uniting the four parties including the Kyushu Doshikai (the Kyushu Comrades Party).
- 鎌倉公方の足利持氏と関東管領の上杉憲実の対立に端を発する、室町幕府6代将軍足利義教が持氏討伐を命じた事件、戦いである。
- It is an incident or a war which originated from confrontation between Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) and Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), and for which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the sixth shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), ordered to suppress Mochiuji.
- 関東公方足利満兼は1万騎余を率いて武蔵国府中市 (東京都)高安寺まで進んだが、関東管領上杉憲定に諌められて兵を止めた。
- Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, kubo (shogunal representative) of the Kanto, led about 10,000 men into Musashi Province, advancing as far as Koan-ji Temple in the city of Fuchu, but halted his advance after he was warned by the Kanrei of the Kanto, Norisada UESUGI not to continue.
- 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は占領政策上、天皇制が有用と考え、日本国憲法に象徴としての天皇制(象徴天皇制)を存続させた。
- The General Headquarters of the Allied Powers thought the Tennosei would be useful for their occupation policy, they let the Tennosei survive in the Constitution of Japan with the Emperor as the titular head (Emperor system with the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people).
- 保憲は日食予想の成功率の低下などを憂慮して呉越に留学していた日延(天台宗)に依頼して持ち帰らせた符天暦の採用を図った。
- Concerned about a decline in the success rate of solar eclipse prediction, the KAMO no Yasunori asked Nichien, a priest of the Tendai sect who was studying in Wu-yueh, to bring back the futenreki (the Futian calendar table) and then tried to use it.
- 1880年(明治13年)、元老院は「日本国国憲按」を成案として提出し、また、大蔵卿・大隈重信も「憲法意見」を提出した。
- In 1880, the Camber of Elders submitted 'Japan's national constitution draft' as a final draft, and the Minister of the Treasury, Shigenobu OKUMA also submitted 'My opinion on a constitution.'
- 日本国憲法では「皇位は、世襲のものであつて、國會(国会)の議決した皇室典範の定めるところにより、これを繼承(継承)する。
- According to the Constitution of Japan, Imperial succession is hereditary and it comes under Imperial Family Law which was decided upon by the Diet, Imperial succession will be conducted according to the Law.
- In the Constitution of Japan, it states that the 'Imperial Throne, which is hereditary, is succeeded under the rule of the Imperial House Act decided by the Diet'
- 永万元年(1165年)7月、二条が崩御したことで後白河は政治活動を再開し、12月には念願だった憲仁への親王宣下を行った。
- In July 1165 (old calendar), after Emperor Nijo died, Emperor Goshirakawa restarted his political activity, he issued the order to bestow the title of Imperial Prince upon Prince Norihito in December (old calendar), which he had wished to do for a long time.
- 天皇(てんのう)は、日本国憲法において、日本の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴と定められる地位、もしくはその地位にある個人。
- Emperor (Tenno) is a position, or an individual who is at the position, seen as the symbol of Japan that integrates the Japanese people under the Constitution of Japan.
- 夫が「薨去」して未亡人となった場合でも、親王妃や王妃の称呼については「憲仁親王妃久子殿下」と、夫の名に「故」を冠さない。
- Even after their husbands have passed away, Consorts of Imperial Princes and Princes are addressed in the same manner without adding the prefix 'Late' to the husband's name, for example 'Her Imperial Highness Hisako Consort to Imperial Prince Norihito.'
- 我が国においては、日本国憲法に個人の尊重と法の下の平等がうたわれ、人権の擁護と男女平等の実現に向けた取組が行われている。
- In consideration of respect for individuals and equality under the law expressly stipulated in the Constitution, progress has been made in Japan through efforts toward the protection of human rights and the realization of genuine equality between women and men.
- 加えて、下野した木戸や自由民権運動を率いている板垣らを牽制、懐柔するため、に大阪会議を開催し、立憲政体の詔書を発布した。
- Additionally, to warn and to conciliate Kido who resigned from the post of councilor, Itagaki who was leading Jiyu Minken Undo (the Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and their sympathizers, Okubo held the Osaka Conference to proclaim the imperial edict on the constitutional system of government.
- 『玉葉』によると、二条天皇の中宮であったしゅ子内親王と密通したとされ、弟子の海恵は澄憲と姝子内親王の間の子であるという。
- According to 'Gyokuyo' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Kanezane), Choken committed adultery with Imperial Princess Shushi, who was the Chugu (empress) of Emperor Nijo, and Kaie, the apprentice of Choken, was a son between Choken and Imperial Princess Shushi.
- 持氏は憲実追討のため近臣の一色直兼に軍を与えて差し向け、自身も武蔵国府中高安寺(東京都府中市 (東京都))に陣を構える。
- Mochiuji not only gave a troop to Naokane ISSHIKI, his trusted vassal, to dispatch for hunting down and killing Norizane, but also he himself built a base of operations in Fuchu Koan-ji Temple of the Musashi Province (Fuchu City, Tokyo Megalopolis).
- 一方、日本政府と国内世論は士族反乱や立憲制確立を巡る議論に注目が移り、かつての征韓派も朝鮮問題への関心を失いつつあった。
- Meanwhile, the attention of the Japanese government and domestic public opinion shifted to the issues that related to the Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and establishment of constitutional system, and gradually former Seikan-ha were losing their interest on Korean issues.
- 1507年、惟憲の子・阿蘇惟長は肥後守護であった菊池氏を乗っ取り(菊池武経と名乗る)、弟の阿蘇惟豊に大宮司職の座を譲る。
- In 1507, Korenori's child, Korenaga ASO, took over the Kikuchi clan, which was shugo (military governor) of Higo Province (and called himself Taketsune KIKUCHI), and granted the position of daiguji to his younger brother, Koretoyo ASO.
- 憲法発布当初その1年後に帝国議会が開会し、大正デモクラシー以後の政党政治の確立によって、日本は名実共に立憲君主国となった。
- One year after the proclamation of the constitution, the Imperial Diet session was opened, and Japan became a constitutional monarchy both in name and reality through the establishment of the party government in and after the Taisho Democracy.
- 皇室行事は神道に則って行われる為、1947年の憲法改正以後初となる昭和天皇の大喪の際には政教分離の原則への配慮がなされた。
- Since Imperial ceremonies are held according to Shinto rules, the separation of religion and politics was taken into consideration when they performed the funeral ceremony for Emperor Showa, which was the first national funeral ceremony after the revision of the Constitution in 1947.
- 憲法の起草は、夏島(現在の神奈川県横須賀市夏島町)の伊藤博文別荘を本拠に、1887年(明治20年)6月4日頃から行われた。
- Drafting of a constitution began on around June 4, 1887, at a villa of Hirobumi ITO in Natsushima (now Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- 1つ目は、王家は制度上存在するものの立憲君主制や豪族支配等により君権が抑圧された状態から、君主親政が復活するケースである。
- The first case is a restoration of direct administration by a royal family from such conditions whereby the ruling power was repressed due to a constitutional monarchy system or by powerful clans.
- 立憲改進党(りっけんかいしんとう)は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ(1882年4月16日-1896年3月1日)。
- Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.
- この発言では、天皇の地位が憲法に記されたものであることを確認した一方、護憲とも解釈可能なため一部の右翼勢力から非難された。
- Letting people confirm that the Constitution of Japan gives a definition of the Emperor, the remark was criticized by a small group of right-wing organizations for its probability of being interpreted as protecting the Constitution.
- 内容は永享の乱の後の上杉憲実の出家から春王・安王の乳人の出家までで、『結城戦場記』や『永享記』との関わりも指摘されている。
- The contents begin with Norizane UESUGI becoming a priest after the Eikyo Rebellion and ends with the wet nurses of Shuno and Ano becoming nuns, suggesting an influence by 'Yukisenjo ki' and 'Eikyo ki.'
- しかし官憲に江戸城御金蔵破りの一件を仕組んだ事が睨まれたため、上演中にかなりの場面が飛ばされ、筋がわからなくなるほどだった。
- However, the officials kept an eye on this story by the fact that it included the incident of Edo-jo Castle Gokinzo Yaburi and ordered the ommision of many parts in the performance to the extent that the audience could not follow the story.
- やがて憲仁立太子の陰謀が発覚し、平時忠・平教盛・藤原成親・藤原信隆らが二条天皇により解官され、後白河の政治介入は停止された。
- Soon after, it became apparent that Prince Norihito organized a plot, TAIRA no Tokitada, TAIRA no Norimori, FUJIWARA no Narichika and FUJIWARA no Nobutaka were removed from their positions, and Goshirakawa's involvement into the politics was stopped.
- 現在、寛仁親王の娘である彬子女王・瑶子女王、高円宮憲仁親王の娘である承子女王・典子女王・絢子女王の合計5人がその地位にある。
- Today, a total of five princesses, Princess Akiko and Princess Yoko, who are daughters of Imperial Prince Tomohito, Princess Tsuguko, Princess Noriko, and Princess Ayako, who are daughters of Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito, have that position.
- 天皇機関説は、明治時代の終わりから頃までの30年余りにわたって、憲法学の通説とされ、政治運営の基礎的理論とされた学説である。
- The Emperor Organ Theory had been regarded as a popular theory in the Study of Constitution over 30 years from the end of Meiji Period, and it was a basic theory related to management of politics.
- 明治元年(1868年)に皇后(中宮)となった明治天皇の皇后昭憲皇太后が翌年に「皇后宮」とされて以来、「中宮」の称号は絶えた。
- In 1868 (the start of the Meiji era), the title 'Chugu' ended since Shoken Taigo, who was Emperor Meiji's wife, became 'Kisainomiya' the following year.
- 昭憲皇太后(しょうけんこうたいごう、1849年4月17日 (旧暦)(新暦5月9日) - 1914年4月9日)は、日本の皇族。
- Empress Dowager Shoken (May 9, 1849 – April 9, 1914) was a member of the Japanese Imperial family.
- 富本憲吉― 白磁八角壺(1932年)、磁器色絵円に花模様大角飾筥(1941年)、磁器赤地金銀彩羊歯模様蓋付飾壺(1953年)
- Kenkichi TOMIMOTO - Hakuji hakkaku tsubo (white porcelain octangular pot) (1932), Jikiiroeenni hanamoyouookakukazaribako (1941), Jikiakajikinginginsaisidamoyoufutatsukikazaribako (1953).
- 直弼の嫡男である井伊直憲は有栖川宮家から夫人を迎えており、井伊家は旧譜代大名のなかでは、むしろ厚遇されたと考えるべきである。
- Naonori II, Naosuke's legitimate son, married a daughter of the Arisugawanomiya family, and it should be noted that the Ii Family were rather treated very well among other old fudai daimyo.
- しかし、本康親王の皇子でも源兼似・源兼仁・源朝鑑・源朝憲・源保望・源由道のように源朝臣を賜姓されて仁明源氏となった者もいる。
- This definition is implausible because some of Imperial Prince Motoyasu's sons were given the surname of Minamoto no Ason and became Ninmyo-Genji, such as MINAMOTO no Kaneji (源兼似), MINAMOTO no Kanehito (源兼仁), MINAMOTO no Chogan (源朝鑑), MINAMOTO no Yasumochi (源保望), and MINAMOTO no Yoshimichi (源由道).
- 日本教職員組合などの反対派は憲法が保障する思想・良心の自由に反するとして、旗の掲揚並びに「君が代」斉唱は行わないと主張した。
- Opposition factions such as Japan Teachers Union (Nikkyoso) asserted that they did not raise the flag and did not carry out chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' on the grounds that it was against freedom of thought and freedom of conscience guaranteed by the Constitution.
- 皇位の継承について日本国憲法第2条で「皇位は、世襲のものであつて、国会の議決した皇室典範の定めるところにより、これを繼承する。
- In terms of Imperial Succession, it says in Clause 2 of the Constitution of Japan, 'the Imperial Throne is hereditary and the Throne will be succeeded under the Imperial Family Law decided by the Diet.
- 1947年(昭和22年)5月3日の日本国憲法施行に伴う同省の廃止(宮内府への移行)により、掌典職も国家機関としては廃止された。
- The Shoten-shoku as a governmental organization was abolished due to the abolishment of the Ministry of Imperial Household (this Ministry was demoted to the Imperial Household Office) in accordance with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan on May 3, 1947.
- 一方、東国では上杉憲実が下野国足利市に足利学校の蔵書を充実させて再興し、全国の僧侶や武士が学問を学ぶために集まるようになった。
- Meanwhile, in the eastern part of Japan, Norizane UESUGI reestablished the Ashikaga Gakko (Japan's oldest academic institution) by adding a collection of books, so priests and warriors from all over the country gathered to learn.
- しかし、聖徳太子の法律(十七条憲法)・官制改革(冠位十二階)を経て、大化の改新(645年)後、天皇中心の政治へ変換していった。
- But through a law introduced by Prince Shotoku (the Seventeen Article Constitution of the Asuka Period) and government organizational reform (the system of twelve courtly ranks), after the Taika Reform of 645 the political system shifted to an emperor-centered system.
- 近代立憲国家の一般的な理解でさえも押しつぶされたこととなり、ここに大日本帝国憲法による立憲政治は、その実質を失ったことを示す。
- Due to this incident, the definition of a modern constitutional nation became obscure, and Japan's constitutionalism based on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan broke down.
- さらに持氏は関東管領の上杉憲実とも対立し、上杉氏庶流の上杉定頼・上杉憲直や直臣の一色直兼を重用するなど、独裁色を強めていった。
- Besides, Mochiuji was also confronted with Norizane UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, and strengthened his dictatorial color including giving important positions to Sadayori UESUGI and Norinao UESUGI, branch families of the Uesugi clan, and Naokane ISSHIKI, his great vassal.
- 1991年(平成3年)4月 - 7代目市長であった塩見精太郎が名誉市民に選ばれ、市の花、鳥、木とあわせて市民憲章が制定される。
- April 1991: Seitaro SHIOMI who was the seventh mayor was selected as a honorary citizen, and the Citizen Charter was established along with the flower, bird and tree of the City.
- 大日本帝国憲法第19条で「日本臣民ハ法律命令ノ定ムル所ノ資格ニ応シ均ク文武官ニ任セラレ及其ノ他ノ公務ニ就クコトヲ得」と定めた。
- The nineteenth article of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan states 'Japanese citizens can equally be appointed as administrative/military officials and other official positions according to the criteria determined by law.'
- しかし、日本国憲法やその下の法律に宮中祭祀についての明文の規定はなく、また、これに係る予算も皇室の内廷費によって処理されている。
- The Constitution of Japan and laws established under the constitution, however, do not have any explicit provisions about the Court rituals, and the budget for the Court rituals is included in the budgeted allowance for the private expenses of the Imperial Family.
- 第二に、行政であるが、後の日本国憲法と異なり連帯責任ではなく、第五五条で各国務大臣は天皇を輔弼し、個別に責任を負うものであった。
- In second place, with regard to administration, pursuant to Article 55, unlike the subsequent Constitution of Japan which is defined as collective responsibility, it prescribed that the respective Ministers of State would give their advice to the Emperor and be responsible for it.
- (「君」とは)「日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴であり、その地位が主権の存する国民の総意に基づく天皇のことを指す」
- 'Accoding to the Constitution of Japan, 'Kimi' indicates the Emperor, who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, and whose position is derived from the consensus-based will of Japanese citizens, with whom sovereign power resides.'
- その結果、明治政府から追放されることとなった板垣退助は自由党を、大隈重信は立憲改進党を結成し、来る国会開設の準備を図ろうとした。
- As a result, Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shigenobu OKUMA who came to be purged from the Meiji Government formed the Liberal Party and the Constitutional Progressive Party, respectively, in preparations for the coming inauguration of the Imperial Diet.
- だが、西園寺が総裁である立憲政友会が会期末であることを理由に全く同一の修正案を可決したために、同一の法案が成立したとみなされた。
- However, since Rikken Seiyukai Party (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO) whose president was Saionji passed the amended bill with completely same contents because it was the end of the Diet session, the same bill was recognized to be passed.
- 総司令部は、その記事に示された「松本委員会試案」は受け入れ難いと考え、自ら憲法改正案を作成し、日本政府に提示することを決定した。
- GHQ rejected the published 'Matsumoto committee draft' and decided to prepare another draft proposal by themselves and submitted it to the Japanese government.
- しかし、の天皇機関説事件で美濃部ら立憲学派が排撃され、同年に政府が発表した国体明徴声明では天皇主権を中心とした解釈が公定された。
- However, in the emperor-as-organ theory incident, constitutional school sect, led by Minobe, was driven out and interpretation focusing on imperial sovereignty was set in the statement of the fundamental character of the nation which was announced by the government in the same year.
- 以後、民主カンプチア、ヘン・サムリン政権、カンボジア内戦等の激動の歴史を経て、国民議会総選挙により1993年に立憲君主制を採択。
- Since then, the country passed through tumultuous times, including Democratic Kampuchea, Heng Samrin Government, and civil wars in Cambodia, until 1993 when the country adopted a constitutional monarchy by a general election for National Assembly.
- また、最後の藩主井伊直憲の双子の孫の内井伊直愛は、井伊家の旧領である彦根市の市町村長を1953年から9期の長きにわたって務めた。
- Naoyoshi II, one of the twin grandchildren of Naonori II who was the last lord of the Hikone domain, served as mayor of Hikone City that was a former territory of the Ii Family for nine terms since 1953.
- 府藩県制の元では9つあった府が1874年の廃藩置県によってうち6府を県に改めたことで成立し、明治憲法下の府県制の下でも存続した。
- Out of the nine 'fu' under the Fu-Han-Ken Sei (the domain and prefecture system), six 'fu' were changed into 'ken' under Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) published in 1874, which resulted in three 'fu,' which remained in the prefectural system under Meiji Constitute.
- 信西は、自らの子・成憲と清盛の女(後の花山院兼雅室)の婚姻によって平氏一門との提携を世間に示し、改革は順調に進行するかに見えた。
- Shinzei arranged a marriage between his own son Narinori and Kiyomori's daughter (who later became the wife of Kanemasa KAZANIN), thereby showing society the strong partnership between his own family and the Taira clan,
- 現在の皇室典範は昭和22年(1947年)5月3日に施行され(日本国憲法施行と同日)、同年10月14日に11宮家の臣籍降下となった。
- The current Imperial Family [Household] Law was issued on May 3, 1947, (same day as the issue of the Constitution of Japan) the eleven Miyake were demoted from nobility to subject on October 14 in the same year.
- 両議院の議事は、この憲法に特別の定のある場合を除いては、出席議員の過半数でこれを決し、可否同数のときは、議長の決するところによる。
- All matters shall be decided, in each House, by a majority of those present, except as elsewhere provided in the Constitution, and in case of a tie, the presiding officer shall decide the issue.
- 1875年(明治8年)、木戸孝允の主導により出された立憲政体の詔書で「誓文の意を拡充して...漸次に国家立憲の政体を立て」と宣言。
- In 1875, it was declared in Rikkenseitai no Shosho (An imperial edict for the establishment of the constitutional system of government) issued on the initiative of Takayoshi KIDO, 'expand the main idea of Charter Oath…gradually establish constitutional state.'
- 天文21年(1552年)、北条氏康に敗れた関東管領・上杉憲政は越後国へ逃れ、景虎に上杉氏の家督と関東管領職の譲渡を申し入れていた。
- In 1552, defeated by Ujiyasu HOJO, Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei, fled to Echigo Province, and proposed that he would hand over the head post of the Uesugi family and the Kanto Kanrei post to Kagetora.
- しかし金弘集 (1842年)に率いられた二度目の修信使は、駐日清朝公使何如璋及び黄遵憲と面会し、黄の『朝鮮策略』を持ち帰っている。
- However, the second group of the training delegates led by Hong-jip KIM (born in 1842) met with the Qing dynasty minister to Japan Ruzhang HE and Zunxian HUANG, and brought back 'A stratagem for Korea' written by Huang.
- 同年に生まれた第1皇子広平親王が中納言藤原元方の娘藤原祐姫を母としていたのに対し、憲平は右大臣藤原師輔の娘藤原安子を母としていた。
- Whereas the first son Imperial Prince Hirohira was born in the same year to Chunagon FUJIWARA no Motokata's daughter, FUJIWARA no Sukehime, Norihira's mother was Udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Morosuke's daughter, FUJIWARA no Anshi.
- 「(日本国憲法第4条すれすれの)ストライクゾーンに精一杯(ボール)を投げ込んでいる」(岩井克巳・文藝春秋 (雑誌))とも評される。
- His attitude as the Emperor is also commented as follows; 'The Emperor is pitching balls with all his might inside the strike zone (namely, the Emperor is doing his utmost while observing the Article four of Japan's constitution)' (the source; an article written by Katsumi IWAI in Bungei Shunju magazine).
- さきに、日本国憲法及び皇室典範の定めるところによって皇位を継承しましたが、ここに即位礼正殿の儀を行い、即位を内外に宣明いたします。
- Imperial Throne was succeeded in advance under the provision of the Constitution of Japan and the Imperial House Act, and here, I hold the Enthronement Ceremony and announce the enthronement in and around.
- 忠行の子・賀茂保憲は暦博士と天文博士を兼ねたが、その死後は保憲の子・賀茂光栄の子孫が暦道を、門人安倍晴明の子孫が天文道を継承した。
- KAMO no Yasunori, who was the son of Tadayuki, held Reki Hakase concurrently with Tenmon Hakase (master of astrology); however, after his death the descendants of KAMO no Mitsuyoshi, the son of Yasunori, took over rekido and the descendants of ABE no Seimei, a follower, took over tenmondo (ancient horoscopy).
- 戦後は連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の占領下に置かれ、象徴天皇制、国民主権、平和主義などに基づく日本国憲法を新たに制定した。
- After the war, Japan was placed under control of General Headquarters (GHQ), and enacted the Constitution of Japan based upon the national system with Emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people, on popular sovereignty and on pacifism.
- 1947年の宮内府設置、1949年の宮内庁改称と日本国憲法の施行以来一貫して長官の職は認証官であり、その任免は天皇により認証される。
- The post of Grand Steward has been officers certified by the Emperor since the establishment of Kunaifu in 1947 and the name change to Imperial Household Agency and the effectuation of the Constitution of Japan in 1949, and its appointment and dismissal are attest by the Emperor.
- 大日本帝国憲法において軍の統帥権は、政府ではなく天皇にあると定められていることを理由に、政府の方針を無視し満州事変等を引き起こした。
- In the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the supreme command of the military was given to the Emperor, not to the government, and using that as a reason, the military ignored governmental policy and became involved in the Manchurian and other incidents.
- この憲法は、国の最高法規であつて、その条規に反する法律、命令、詔勅及び国務に関するその他の行為の全部又は一部は、その効力を有しない。
- This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the nation and no law, ordinance, imperial rescript or other act of government, or part thereof, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall have legal force or validity.
- この憲法による第一期の参議院議員のうち、その半数の者の任期は、これを三年とする。その議員は、法律の定めるところにより、これを定める。
- The term of office for half the members of the House of Councillors serving in the first term under this Constitution shall be three years. Members falling under this category shall be determined in accordance with law.
- 明治時代以後、財閥の確立とともに本家を中心とした一族及び幹部による経営体制を維持するために家憲・家訓が制定されたことが知られている。
- In the Meiji period and later, along with the formation of several zaibatsu (company syndicates), kaken and kakun were known to be established in order to maintain the management mainly by the head family, including family members and executive officers.
- また、佐藤政憲は「秩父事件は貧しいから起きたのではなく、段々豊かになるときにつぶされたところに秩父農民の怒りがある」と指摘している。
- Masanori SATO also pointed out that 'the Chichibu Incident occurred not because peasants in Chichibu were poor, but because they got angry to have their lives smashed up when they were gradually becoming rich'.
- しかし、天皇は立憲君主としての立場を自覚していたため、上御一人(最高権力者)であってもこの2例を除いて政治決定を下すことはなかった。
- However, the Emperor was aware of his position as constitutional monarch; therefore, he had not made political decisions apart from these two incidents although he was Kamigoichinin (person in paramount authority).
- 1989年の昭和天皇の場合には、日本国憲法の政教分離原則に反しない形で国家儀式の大喪の礼と皇室儀式の葬場殿の儀・斂葬の儀が分離された。
- When Emperor Showa passed away in 1989, the national ceremony called Taiso no Rei (the Rites of an Imperial Funeral) was held separately from the Imperial Family's ceremonies called Sojoden no Gi and Renso no Gi in order to comply with the principle of the separation of politics and religion according to the Constitution of Japan.
- なお、入浴料金は物価統制令(現憲法発布前に出された勅令。法律としての効力を持つ)の規定により、各都道府県知事の決定で上限が定められる。
- The upper limit of the bathing fee is decided and specified by each prefectural governor pursuant to the provisions set forth in the Price Control Ordinance (which was proclaimed before the proclamation of the current Constitution and has the same binding effect as the law).
- 昭和26年(1951年)には日本国憲法に基づく現在の宗教法人法(昭和26年法律126号)が出され、現在の宗教行政の基本法となっている。
- In 1951, the current Religious Corporation Act (1951, Law No.126) based upon the Constitution of Japan was laid down, becoming the fundamental law for today's religion administration.
- 明治維新の諸改革は、新たな制度で生じた矛盾をいくらか孕みながらも、おおむね成功を収め、短期間で立憲制度を達成し、富国強兵が推進された。
- The reforms of the Meiji Restoration were more or less successful and the Japanese government established the constitutional government and promoted Fukoku Kyohei (enriching the country and strengthening the military) although there were some contradictions in these reforms.
- 特に、独立命令による法規の制定(9条)、条約の締結(13条)の権限を議会の制約を受けずに行使できるのは他の立憲君主国に類例がなかった。
- The emperor could exercise the right to issue ordinances by his own order (Article 9), the right to conclude treaties (Article 13) without any interferenceof the government, and these rights were especially unique to Japan.
- そのために公家や武家においては早くから家訓・家憲・家法などと呼ばれる家風の成文法化が進められ、当主以下構成員が守るべき原則とされてきた。
- Therefore, the written code of family tradition, which was called kakun (family motto), kaken (family code) or kaho (family rules), had been prepared since the early days in those families including court nobles and warrior households and was regarded as the principle that should be followed by all family members headed by the family head.
- 朝鮮には憲法も選挙法も適用されていなかったが、朝鮮人も日本国籍を付与されていたため、内地における衆議院選挙に参加することは可能であった。
- Though neither the constitution or the election law was applied in Korea, the Koreans were given Japanese nationality and it was possible for them to join the Lower House election in the mainland.
- 1968年に東京・多摩地区の農家の土蔵から発見されて有名になった「五日市憲法」は地方における民権運動の高まりと思想的な深化を示している。
- The 'Itsukaichi Draft Constitution,' which is known to have been found at a warehouse owned by a farmer in Tama area, Tokyo in 1968, signifies how the movement powerfully and deeply permeated in the local areas.
- 鳥羽殿は武士が厳しく警護して藤原信西の子(藤原成範・藤原脩範・静憲)と女房以外は出入りを許されず幽閉状態となり、後白河院政は停止された。
- The Toba Dono was heavily guarded by samurai such that only the sons of FUJIWARA no Shinzei (FUJIWARA no Shigenori, FUJIWARA no Naganori, and Joken) and their wives were allowed to go in and out, and it was these conditions that were put to a stop by the government of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 応保元年(1161年)9月、滋子は後白河の第七皇子(憲仁)を出産するが、その誕生には「世上嗷々の説(不満・批判)」(『百錬抄』)があった。
- In September 1161, Shigeko gave birth to the seventh Prince (Norihito), however, there was a lot of criticism from the public about the birth of this child.' ('Hyakuren sho' (History book from the Kamakura period))
- たとえば、5月3日(憲法記念日)・5月4日(みどりの日)・5月5日(こどもの日)のうちいずれかが日曜日である場合に、5月6日が休日となる。
- For example, if May 3, May 4, or May 5 falls a Sunday, May 6 becomes a holiday.
- 一方、5巻26ページでは海人が「自分が能を辞めたら憲人が左右十郎を継ぐしかない」と発言しているので、匠人から海人に継承される可能性もある。
- On page 26 of the fifth volume, on the other hand, Kaito says, 'If I give up Noh, there will be nobody but Norito to succeed to Sojuro,' meaning that it is also possible that Kaito will become the family head after Takuto.
- 石山寺へ参詣途中の安居院法印(澄憲)のもとに紫式部の霊があらわれ、自分は源氏物語を書いたが、その供養をしなかったため成仏できないと訴える。
- The spirit of Murasaki Shikibu appeared before Agui no Hoin (Choken), who was on his way to Ishiyama-dera Temple, and said that she had written the Tale of Genji, but did not hold a memorial service for it and therefore she could not rest in peace.
- しかし清浦内閣はほぼ全ての閣僚が貴族院 (日本)議員から選出された超然主義であり、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める第二次護憲運動が起こった。
- The cabinet consisting of nearly all of the members of the House of Peers was clearly detached from the principles of constitutional rule and sparked the second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government among the people.
- とくに加波山事件は、「完全なる立憲政体を造出」するため「自由の公敵たる専制政府」を打倒すると公言した武装蜂起で、政府に大きな衝撃を与えた。
- Particularly, the Kabasan Incident was an armed uprising with an avowed slogan of 'defeating the government, the enemy of freedom' in order to 'establish perfect constitutional system of government' and gave a great blow to the government.
- 皇室典範(こうしつてんぱん)は、皇位の継承順位など皇室の制度・構成等について定める日本国憲法で間接的に設置が義務づけられた日本の法律である。
- Imperial House Act is a law of Japan, institution of which was indirectly obligated by the Constitution of Japan and which establishes the system, composition, and the like of the Imperial family, such as an order of succession of the Imperial Throne.
- 政府は、松本委員会が要綱化した案を元に閣議で審議し、1946年(昭和21年)2月8日に「憲法改正要綱(松本試案)」として総司令部に提出した。
- The government discussed issues in a cabinet meeting by reference to draft proposals prepared by the MATSUMOTO Committee, and submitted 'the Outline of Constitution Revision [MATAUMOTO draft]' to GHQ on February 8, 1946.
- 幕府では6代将軍義教が篠川御所の足利満直や駿河国の守護今川範忠に憲実の救援を命じ、さらに禅秀の子上杉持房、上杉教朝らをも含む幕軍を派遣する。
- In the bakufu the sixth shogun Yoshinori ordered Mitsunao ASHIKAGA of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing the Tohoku regions, settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi period: it also refers to its head Mitsunao ASHIKAGA.) and Noritada IMAGAWA, shugo (a provincial constable) of the Suruga Province, to help Norizane and also dispatched the bakufu army including Zenshu's sons, Mochifusa UESUGI and Noritomo UESUGI.
- 日本国憲法施行後の1947年(昭和22年)10月14日に3直宮(大正天皇の皇子たる秩父宮・高松宮・三笠宮)を除く11宮家51名が皇籍離脱する。
- After the Constitution of Japan was issued on October 14, 1947, 11 Miyake (families allowed to be in status of Imperial Family), 51 Imperial members were demoted from nobility to subject excluding three jikimiya (Imperial Family members who are directly related to the Emperor) (Emperor Taisho's Princes, Chichibunomiya, Takamatsunomiya, and Mikasanomiya).
- 確定した事実について憲法その他の法令の適用を誤ったことを理由として判決を破棄する場合において、事件がその事実に基づき裁判をするのに熟するとき。
- Where the final appellate court quashes the judgment on the grounds that the judgment has erred in applying the Constitution or any other laws or regulations to the determined facts, and the case is ripe for making a judicial decision based on such facts.
- 何人も、現行犯として逮捕される場合を除いては、権限を有する司法官憲が発し、且つ理由となつてゐる犯罪を明示する令状によらなければ、逮捕されない。
- No person shall be apprehended except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer which specifies the offense with which the person is charged, unless he is apprehended, the offense being committed.
- その後女帝死去するまでの間に、蘇我氏、聖徳太子らを中心として、冠位十二階の制定、十七条憲法の制定、遣隋使派遣などの重要施策がこの宮で行われた。
- Important measures, such as establishing Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank) or the Seventeen Article Constitution, as well as sending a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China, were implemented here by the Soga clan and Prince Shotoku until the death of the empress.
- 天文16年(1547年)には佐久に影響力を残していた関東管領上杉憲政を小田井原で大敗させ、笠原氏の志賀城(佐久市)を落として村上氏と対峙する。
- In 1547, routing Norimasa UESUGI, Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), who maintained his influence in the region to some extent, in Otaihara and taking Shiga-jo Castle of the Kasahara clan (located in Saku City), the Takeda clan became to confront the Murakami clan.
- そして、江戸藩邸(現在憲政記念館の地)から内堀通り沿いに登城途中の直弼を江戸城外桜田門外(現在の桜田門交差点)で襲撃した(関係者一覧は下記)。
- They attacked Naosuke on the way to the castle from his residence (now the Constitution Memorial Center or 'Kensei-Kinenkan') along Uchibori Street, outside the Sakuradamon Gate (now the Sakuradamon gate crossing); the persons concerned are listed below.
- 即位後朝見の儀での「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません」という発言が話題となる。
- The following remark made by the Emperor Akihito at the rite of audience after the enthronement became a topic; 'Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- 翌仁安元年(1166年)、六条天皇を後見していた摂政・近衛基実が死去すると平清盛を自派に引き入れて、10月10日、憲仁親王の立太子を実現させた。
- In 1166, after Regent, Motozane KONOE died, who was the supervisor of Emperor Rokujo, Emperor Goshirakawa allowed TAIRA no Kiyomori join his force, and he allowed Imperial Prince Norihito to officially become Crown Prince on 11 November.
- 父の厳格さを敬遠して京都の大学に進学、能からも一時遠ざかるが、ニューヨークで左右十郎シテ、憲人ツレにより演じられた「恋重荷」を見て能楽師を志す。
- He goes to a university in Kyoto to get away from his strict father, not becoming interested in Noh until he watches 'Koi no Omoni' (The Burden of Love) performed by Sojuro as a shite and Norito as a tsure (a shite's companion) in New York, and then decides to be a Nohgakushi.
- 1435年(永享7年)に持氏は軍事行動をはじめ、1419年(応永26)に関東管領に就任した上杉憲実は持氏を制止するが、持氏と険悪な関係となった。
- When Mochiuji began his military action in 1435, Norizane UESUGI who had assumed Kanto Kanrei in 1419 stopped Mochiuji, and his relationship with Mochiuji became tense.
- 一方憲秀は「北条家に相模の国と伊豆二国の安堵と全員の助命を条件」として開城する事で独自に前田利家、堀秀政と戦後処理についての駆け引きをしていた。
- Meanwhile, Norihide used tactics on the postwar management with Toshiie MAEDA and Hidemasa HORI on his own accord to surrender the castle 'under the condition of securing Sagami Province and two provinces in Izu, and life of all the members for the Hojo family.'
- 国立国会図書館の淵源は、大日本帝国憲法下の帝国議会各院に置かれていた衆議院図書館、貴族院図書館、および文部省に付属していた帝国図書館の3館にある。
- The NDL has its origins in the following three libraries: the Library of the House of Representatives and the Library of the House of Peers, both of which were established in each house of the Imperial Diet under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan; and the Imperial Library established under the Ministry of Education.
- 明治時代には、天皇に統帥権(大日本帝国憲法11条)を含むすべての権力を集中させる体制が整備され、富国強兵の国策の下、天皇の軍事的権威も高められた。
- In the Meiji Period, the system which the Emperor had the right of all authorities including the supreme command (Article 11 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan) was improved and under the national policy of increasing wealth and military power, military authority of the Emperor was also increased.
- 「軍の統帥権は天皇にあるのだから政府の方針に従う必要は無い」と憲法を拡大解釈して軍が大きな力を持つこととなった(権力の二重構造、統帥権干犯問題)。
- Stretching interpretation of the constitution the military insisted that 'they do not have to follow the government policies because the Supreme Command lies on the Emperor' and the military gained power (Dual System of Power and the Problem of the infringement of Independence of the Supreme Command)
- 更に平安時代中期に賀茂保憲から天文道を継承した安倍晴明以後、天文道は阿倍氏(後の土御門家)の家学となり、他氏の者が関わることを避ける傾向が現れた。
- After the middle Heian period, during which ABE no Seimei, who succeeded to the art of tenmondo from KAMO no Yasunori, was active, the study became the hereditary learning of the Abe clan (later the Tsuchimikado family) and the clan showed a tendency to exclude people from other families.
- 日露戦争における日本の勝利は、白色人種の大国に対する有色人種の小国の、また絶対主義国家に対する立憲君主国家の勝利であり、世界史上の意義も大きかった。
- Japan's winning the Russo-Japanese War was significant in the course of world history because it was a victory of a small colored country over a big white country as well as a triumph of a constitutional monarchy over a country under an absolutistic ruler.
- 清(現在の中華人民共和国・台湾・モンゴル国)と李氏朝鮮(現在の大韓民国・朝鮮民主主義人民共和国)では、1644年に清が制定した時憲暦が使われていた。
- The Qing dynasty (the present People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Mongolia) as well as the Joseon dynasty (the present Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea) used the Shixian calendar established by the Qing dynasty in 1644.
- 六 この憲法及び法律の規定を実施するために、政令を制定すること。但し、政令には、特にその法律の委任がある場合を除いては、罰則を設けることができない。
- Enact cabinet orders in order to execute the provisions of this Constitution and of the law. However, it cannot include penal provisions in such cabinet orders unless authorized by such law.
- 政体書は、アメリカ憲法の影響を受けたものであり、三権分立や官職の互選、藩代表議会の設置などが定められ、また、地方行政は「御誓文を体すべし」とされた。
- The Constitution of 1868 was affected by the American Constitution, separation of powers (of administration, legislation, and judicature), gosen (mutual election) of government posts, and the introduction of domain parliament were stated and local administration was considered 'shall abide by Charter Oath.'
- 604年(推古12年)には、冠位十二階を制定し、聖徳太子が憲法十七条をつくり、仏教の興隆に力を注ぐなど、天皇中心の理想の国家体制づくりの礎を築いた。
- In 604, Prince Shotoku established a system of twelve courtly ranks, promulgated the Seventeen-Article Constitution, strived to develop Buddhism and laid the foundation for an ideal national system with the emperor as the nation's center.
- その立場からは、「人権が上位法の憲法典の形で明文で保障された」点に第一の意義があり、また内容としては当時においてはかなり先進的なものであったとする。
- In their views, the most important significance of the current constitution was that 'human rights were clearly stated in the constitution which was the superior law,' and contents of the constitution were thought to be highly advanced at the time.
- この政府案を元に国民の間で広く議論が行われ、4月10日には衆議院議員総選挙が行われた(もっとも、国民の最大の関心は、新憲法より生活の安定にあった)。
- People extensively discussed on the Draft on March 6, and the general election of members of the House of Representatives was held on April 10 (But people's actual greatest concern was their lifestyle stability, not the constitution.)
- 一方、清盛は自らの娘を信西の子・成憲に嫁がせていたが、信頼の嫡子・藤原信親にも娘(後の藤原隆房室)を嫁がせるなど、両派の対立では中立的立場にあった。
- Kiyomori, on the other hand, had married one of his own daughters to Narinori, Shinzei's son, yet also married off another daughter (who would later become FUJIWARA no Takafusa's wife) to FUJIWARA no Nobuchika, Nobuyori's son and heir, and took other steps to avoid the conflict between the two factions and achieve a neutral position.
- また一方で、作者の縁者であり関東管領上杉氏と対立して永享の乱の後に殺された持氏側近一色直兼・上杉憲直らのことは「誠に志の深き者なり」などと称揚する。
- On the other hand, it praises the Mochiuji-side advisors, Naokane ISSHIKI and Norinao UESUGI, who were related with the author and opposed the Kanto kanrei Uesugi clan, as 'very committed people.'
- これら両派は、には、上杉と美濃部の間で天皇機関説論争として対立し、その後大正デモクラシーの時期を通じて立憲学派の立場が優勢となり、通説的立場を占めた。
- These schools conflicted with each other between Uesugi and Minobe over the Emperor Organ Theory, and then, in and after the period of Taisho Democracy, the constitutional school had an advantage and it became a prevailing orthodoxy.
- 清代で採用した時憲暦では二十四節気の間隔が変動する定気法を採用したため、嘉慶 (中国)年間より春分を含む月を2月(如月)と呼ぶように規則が変更された。
- The Chinese calendar which was used by the Qing Dynasty, used a method for determination of 24 divisions of the old calendar based on the ecliptic cycle, in which an interval between 24 divisions of the old calendar varied, and in the Kakei era (China) rules were revised to call the month including the Spring equinox February (Kisaragi).
- カトリック教会における葬儀観は、現代のカトリック教会の精神をもっともよく表している第2バチカン公会議の文書の一つ『典礼憲章』から読み取ることができる。
- The view of funerals by the Roman Catholic Church can be read in 'Constitutio de Sacra Liturgia,' one of the documents of the Second Vatican Council which best indicates the current Roman Catholic ethos.
- 朕祖宗ノ遺烈ヲ承ケ萬世一系ノ帝位ヲ踐ミ朕カ親愛スル所ノ臣民ハ即チ朕カ祖宗ノ恵撫慈養シタマヒシ所ノ臣民ナルヲ念ヒ......(大日本帝国憲法発布の詔勅)
- I am the Emperor who was given the grace of gods and a descendant of the unbroken Imperial family, and I hope that my dearest Japanese people can be blessed with the grace of my ancestors.
- 菱沼一憲(国立歴史民俗博物館科研協力員)は著書『源義経の合戦と戦略 その伝説と実像』(角川選書、2005年)で、この合戦について以下の説を述べている。
- In 2005, as part of the Kadokawa anthology, Kazunori HISHINUMA (a researcher at Japan's National Museum of Japanese History) published a book entitled 'MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune's Battles and Strategies: the Legends and the Real Account;' in it, he advances the following theory.
- 同月には時忠らによる憲仁立太子の陰謀が発覚したため、二条はただちに時忠・平教盛・藤原成親・藤原信隆らを解官して、後白河の政治介入を停止する措置をとった。
- In the same month, a plot to have Prince Norihito become Crown Prince was discovered, Emperor Nijo immediately took positions away from Tokitada, TAIRA no Norimori, FUJIWARA no Narichika, and FUJIWARA no Nobutaka to stop Emperor Goshirakawa's political involvement.
- 江戸時代の幕藩体制のもとではどこの大名家にも確たる家風と家訓が存在したと言われ、更に一部の商人や農民の間でも家風の確立と家訓・家憲の作成が行われていた。
- In the Edo period, every daimyo (feudal lord) family under the shogunate system was said to have a firm kafu and kakun, and even among some merchants and peasantry families, kafu was established and kakun and kaken were prepared.
- 「天皇を現人神と仰ぎ奉り皇国を毒する内外一切の勢力を打滅せん事を期す」「大日本帝国憲法の復活」「核武装による皇軍再建」(大日本殉皇会・1961年設立)。
- We expect everyone to take the Emperor as Arahitogami and remove any power that damages our imperial nation whether it is from the inside or outside; restore the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and rebuild the imperial army with nucleus weapons' (Dai Nipppon Junkokai [Great Japan Die-for-the-Emperor Group] established in 1961).
- 日本においても大日本帝国憲法下では天皇家の皇位始め(万世一系)、身分(華族・士族・平民)の世襲が定められており、これを打破するには閨閥を繋ぐ他なかった。
- In Japan, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan stipulated the heredity of the Imperial throne of the Imperial family (unbroken line), and the heredity of a person's social status such as member of the peerage, warrior class or commoner; the only way to overcome this system of differentiation was through marriage and claiming a connection by blood line.
- 1882年(明治15年)3月、「在廷臣僚」として参議・伊藤博文らは、政府の命を受けてヨーロッパに渡り、ドイツ系立憲主義の理論と実際について調査を始めた。
- A councilor, Hirobumi ITO and others went to Europe as 'government officials' on orders from the government in March, 1882, and started investigating theory and practice of German constitutionalism.
- 12世紀に実務官僚の家が勧修寺流・日野家・高棟流平氏に固定化したことに伴い、三事兼帯も自然とこの三家に限定された(例外は信西の子、藤原俊憲・貞憲のみ)。
- After the families of officials in charge of practical business became restricted to Kajuji-ryu (the Kanjuji line), the Hino family and Takamune-ryu Heishi (Taira clan of Takamune group) in the twelfth century, persons who became Sanji kentai holder also came to be limited to those who were the members of these three families (exceptions were FUJIWARA no Toshinori/Sadanori, sons of Shinzei).
- このニコライ皇太子訪日の日程中、滋賀県大津市においていわゆる大津事件が発生、外国皇族に日本の官憲が危害を加えるという日本外交史始まって以来の大事件となる。
- During Prince Nicholas's stay in Japan, the Otsu Incident occurred in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, this was the first major incident in Japanese history of Japanese authorities harming the Imperial family from overseas.
- 大日本帝国憲法の解釈は、当初、東京大学教授・穂積八束らによる天皇主権説が支配的で、藩閥官僚による専制的な支配構造(いわゆる超然主義)を理論の面から支えた。
- For the interpretation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the imperial sovereignty theory suggested by Yatsuka HOZUMI, a professor of the University of Tokyo, was dominating and theoretically supported the autocratic ruling structure (what is called the doctrine of superiority) by domain clique bureaucrat.
- 桃山陵墓監区事務所(京都市伏見区・桃山陵墓地=明治天皇陵・昭憲皇太后陵、管轄=京都・大阪・兵庫・岡山・広島・山口・福岡・佐賀・長崎・熊本・宮崎・鹿児島)、
- Momoyama Mausoleum Regional Office (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Momoyama Imperial mausoleum=Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji and Empress Dowager Shoken, jurisdiction=Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima Prefectures),
- 内廷費や、皇族としての品位保持の資に充てるために皇族費が国庫から支出される一方で、財産の賜与(贈与)及び譲受に関して憲法と皇室経済法による強い規制がある。
- While expenses for the Imperial family are paid out from the national treasury to allocate for the daily living expenditure of the Inner Court as well for the purpose of allotting funds to maintain the court rank as a member of the Imperial family, the bestowal or the transference of estate is strictly governed by the Constitution and the Imperial Household Finance Act.
- 国民は、すべての基本的人権の享有を妨げられない。この憲法が国民に保障する基本的人権は、侵すことのできない永久の権利として、現在及び将来の国民に与へられる。
- The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights. These fundamental human rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be conferred upon the people of this and future generations as eternal and inviolate rights.
- 法文を素直に解釈すると、大日本帝国憲法においての天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読めるが、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- Reading the contents literally gives the impression that the Emperor had great power; but even after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely governed the affairs of state directly.
- 現在、親王妃は皇太子妃を含めて、徳仁親王妃雅子(皇太子妃)、文仁親王妃紀子、正仁親王妃華子、崇仁親王妃百合子、寛仁親王妃信子、憲仁親王妃久子の6名である。
- At present there are six Shinnohi including the crown princess; the Princess Masako, the wife of the Imperial Prince Naruhito (the crown princess), the Princess Kiko, the wife of the Imperial Prince Fumihito, the Princess Hanako, the wife of the Imperial Prince Masahito, the Princess Yuriko, the wife of the Imperial Prince Takahito, the Princess Nobuko, the wife of the Imperial Prince Tomohito and the Princess Hisako, the wife of the Imperial Prince Norihito.
- 朝鮮は頑としてこれに応じることなく、明治6年になってからは排日の風がますます強まり、4月、5月には、釜山において官憲の先導によるボイコットなども行なわれた。
- The movement of anti-Japanese became more active in 1873 instead of accepting the delegates from Japan, and then Korean officials led a boycott of Japanese goods and people in April and May.
- ただし、その中に引用されている一部の史料、すなわち十七条憲法や改新の詔等は、潤色のレベルを越えて、史料そのものが後代の偽書ではないかと疑う研究者も存在する。
- However, some scholars suspect that certain historical materials such as the Seventeen-Article Constitution and the Taika Reform go beyond mere embellishment, and consequently those materials themselves may well be gisho of later ages.
- 高兄弟は摂津から京都への護送中に、待ち受けていた直義派の上杉能憲(師直に殺害された重能の養子)により、摂津の武庫川(兵庫県伊丹市)で一族とともに謀殺される。
- The Ko brothers were killed together with other family members by Yoshinori UESUGI (foster son of Shigeyoshi who was killed by Moronao) of the Tadayoshi group at Mukogawa River (Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture) in Settsu when they were on their way from Settsu to Kyoto under guard.
- なお、乙麻呂の系統で平安中期に武人として頭角を顕した藤原為憲の子孫は各地に広がり、伊東氏、工藤氏、二階堂氏、相良氏、吉川氏、天野氏といった各氏の祖となった。
- Incidentally, the descendant of FUJIWARA no Tamenori, who was descended from Otomaro and had distinguished himself as a samurai in the middle Heian era, expanded across the country and became the originators of the Ito, Kudo, Nikaido, Sagara, Kikkawa and Amano clans, etc.
- このうち、日本国国憲按は、皇帝の国憲遵守の誓約や議会の強い権限を定めるなど、ベルギー憲法(1831年)やプロイセン憲法(1850年)の影響を強く受けていた。
- Japan's national constitution draft was strongly influenced by the constitutions of Belgium (1831) and Prussia (1850), and insisted the emperor's compliance with the constitution and the strong authority of the assembly.
- 皇太后は通常、皇后であった者に対する追号として用いられることはないが、孝明天皇の后であった英照皇太后、明治天皇の后であった昭憲皇太后には例外として用いられる。
- Usually, Kotaigo is not used as a posthumous title for a person who was an empress but, by way of exception, it is used for Empress Dowager Eisho who was the Empress of Emperor Komei and Empress Dowager Shoken who was the Empress of Emperor Meiji.
- 日本国憲法体制下の皇室典範は「法律」として制定され、他の法律と同様に、制定および改正は国会が行い、皇室の制度そのものに国民が国会を通じて関与することとなった。
- The Imperial House Act under the system of Constitution of Japan was enacted as a 'law' and is, like other laws, enacted and amended by the Parliament, thus the public being involved in the institution of the Imperial family itself through the Parliament.
- 藤原佐世が勅命を奉じて作成した『日本国見在書目録』や藤原通憲が個人蔵書を記した『通憲入道蔵書目録』、滋野井実冬説などがある『本朝書籍目録』などが知られている。
- Well-known mokuroku of this type include 'Nihonkoku Genzaisho Mokuroku' (The Catalogue of Chinese Texts Existent in Japan), which was made by FUJIWARA no Sukeyo on imperial order, 'Michinorinyudo Zosho Mokuroku', in which Fujiwara no Michinori recorded his personal library, and 'Honcho Shojaku Mokuroku' (The Catalogue of Books in Our Country), which is believed to have been made by Sanefuyu SHIGENOI.
- 1439年(永享11年)2月10日_(旧暦)、憲実はやむなく永安寺を攻め、持氏、足利満貞(稲村御所)らは自害し、義久は鎌倉報国寺 (鎌倉市)において自害した。
- On April 2, 1439, Norizane attacked Yoan-ji Temple against his will, where Mochiuji, Mitsusada ASHIKAGA (Inamura Gosho [an administrative organization for governing the Tohoku regions, settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi period: it also refers to its head Mitsusada ASHIKAGA.]) and others committed suicide, while Yoshihisa committed suicide in Kamakura Hokoku-ji Temple (Kamakura City).
- 鎌倉公方足利持氏と関東管領上杉憲実の不和から始まり、持氏の遺児である春王・安王の処刑に至るまでの永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末を真字(漢文)体で実録的に記している。
- It records the events of the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle in Mana (Chinese characters) starting with the dispute between Kamakura kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA and Kanto kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) Akimitsu UESUGI, and ends with the execution of Mochiuji's remaining children, Shuno and Ano,
- 第二次世界大戦後、日本国憲法の施行にあたり、皇室典範(昭和22年法律第3号)は法律として、皇統譜令(昭和22年5月3日政令第1号)は政令として新たに制定された。
- After the World War II, upon enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, the Imperial House Act (Act No.3 of 1947) as a law and the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage (government ordinance No.1 of May 3, 1947) as a government ordinance were newly enacted, respectively.
- このように、公正な女帝の治世のもと、聖徳太子はその才能を十分に発揮し、冠位十二階(603年)・十七条憲法(604年)を次々に制定して、法令・組織の整備を進めた。
- As described above, under fair reign of the Empress, Prince Shotoku fully exhibited his ability and enacted Kan I junikai (twelve grades of cap rank) (in 603) and Seventeen-Article Constitution (in 604) one after another to carry out improvement of laws and organizations.
- 前条第三項の規定による命令を受けた刑事施設の長は、要請国の官憲から受領許可証を示して国内受刑者の引渡しを求められたときは、国内受刑者を引き渡さなければならない。
- The warden of the penal institution who has received the order set forth in paragraph (3) of Article 19 shall, when an official of the requesting country requests handover of the domestic sentenced inmate by showing a permit of custody, hand over the domestic sentenced inmate.
- 一方、改革派は、光暢が進めていた東本願寺の独立を阻止し、宗派の憲法である「真宗大谷派宗憲」の改定を進め、1981年(昭和56年)6月11日に新宗憲を公布・施行。
- However, obstructing the separation plan for Higashi Hongan-ji Temple encouraged by Kosho OTANI, the reformist group expedited the revision of the 'Constitution of Shinshu sect Otani school' and promulgated a new constitution which came into force on June 11, 1981.
- 1898年(明治31年)6月、明治政府は、日本最初の政党内閣として憲政党による隈板内閣(首相:大隈重信、内務大臣 (日本):板垣退助、ともに首班)を成立させた。
- In June, 1898, the Meiji Government established the Waihan Cabinet (Prime Minister: Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of Dometic Affairs (Japan): Taisuke ITAGAKI, both were shuhan [chairman of their respective parties]) organized by Kenseito (a political party in the Meiji period in Japan) as the first party cabinet in Japan.
- 保元の乱では、惣領の座を巡って激しく争った多田頼盛・多田頼憲兄弟が後白河天皇方と崇徳上皇方とに別れて戦い、上皇方に与した頼憲とその嫡子多田盛綱が処刑されている。
- Yorimori TADA and his brother Yorinori TADA who had disputed over the head of the Tada clan fought each other at the Hogen Disturbance as Yorimori supported the reigning Emperor Goshirakawa and Yorinori supported the Retired Emperor Sutoku, and then Yorinori and his heir Moritsuna TADA were executed.
- 日本国憲法第2条は皇位は世襲のものである旨規定しているが、その方法については、皇室典範の定めるところによると規定して、例えば皇位継承の性別については触れていない。
- The 2nd Article of the Constitution of Japan prescribes that the Imperial Throne is hereditary but, as for the manner thereof, the same provides that it shall be determined by the Imperial House Act and does not refer to, for example, the gender of the successor.
- 昭和20年(1945年)8月に日本が敗戦すると、連合軍は宮内省を宮内府、宮内庁へと次々と降格させ、また皇室典範を日本国憲法下の一般法の一つとして位置づけなおした。
- After Japan was defeated in World War II in August 1945, the Allies demoted the Ministry of Imperial Household to the Imperial Household Office, which was later demoted again to the Imperial Household Agency, and they ranked the Imperial Household Law as one of general laws, which should be under the control of the Constitution of Japan.
- また、法制面でも国政国務の問題を扱う大日本帝国憲法及びこれに基づいて制定された諸法令と、宮中の問題を扱う旧皇室典範及びその下の様々な皇室令とが対等に分立していた。
- Additionally, from the legal aspect of these institutes, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which handled the national administration and affairs, as well as various laws and ordinances established based on the Constitution equally coexisted with the former Imperial Household Law, which handled the Court affairs, and various Koshitsu-rei (the Imperial Household's Orders) under the Law.
- 英照皇太后は生前女御のままで皇后には冊立されず、明治天皇の即位にともなって皇太后とされたので、その追号は正確なものであったが、昭憲皇太后にはこれは当てはまらない。
- In life, Empress Dowager Eisho stayed as a consort and was never installed as an empress, and she was titled Empress Dowager to accompany Emperor Meiji's enthronement, so this posthumous title is correct, but this does not hold true for Empress Dowager Shoken.
- 日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを企て、若しくは主張し、又はこれを企て若しくは主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、若しくはこれに加入している者
- A person who attempts or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the Government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or any organization which attempts or advocates the same.
- A person who attempts or advocates the overthrow of the Constitution of Japan or the Government formed thereunder by means of force or violence, or who organizes or is a member of a political party or any other organization which attempts or advocates the same.
- 高野山の中院流、京都の小野(勧修寺流、随心院流、醍醐三宝院流)広沢(西院流)智山の三宝院流憲深方、豊山の伝法院流などを一通り受法しておかなければ、正式と言えない。
- It cannot officially be said that a person mastered the practice unless a person learns the whole practice of the school such as Chuin school taught in Mt. Koya, Sanboin Kenjingata lineage of Ono school (Ono school has several styles including Kajuji school, Zuishinin school, Daigo Sanboin school), Hirosawa school (Nishinoin school) and Chisan school in Kyoto, and Denpoin school of Buzan school.
- 澄憲(ちょうけん、大治 (日本)元年(1126年) - 建仁3年8月6日 (旧暦)(1203年9月12日))は、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代初期にかけての天台宗の僧。
- Choken (1126 - September 19, 1203) was a Buddhist priest of the Tendai sect who lived from the late Heian period to the beginning of the Kamakura period.
- 終了時期についても、廃藩置県の断行(1872年)、西南戦争の終結(1877年)、内閣制度の発足(1885年)、立憲体制の確立(1889年)までとするなど諸説ある。
- There are also various theories about when the restoration ended, and it may have continued until Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1872, until the end of the Seinan War in 1877, until the inauguration of the cabinet system in 1885, or until the establishment of constitutionalism in 1889.
- 例として、日本の明治維新(1868年の徳川家の支配からの王政復古)、ネパール(1951年ラナ家の支配からの王政復古、2005年の立憲君主制からの王政復古)がある。
- Some examples include Japan's Meiji Restoration in 1868 where Imperial power was restored from the control of the Tokugawa family, as well as Nepal's cases, one of which was the restoration of the King's reign from the control of the Rana family in 1951, and another one where the political system shifted from the constitutional monarchy to the King's direct administration in 2005.
- また普通警察制度への改編をはかり、憲兵警察を廃止したが、多くの警察が日本から派遣され警察官は1919年の6,387人から1920年には20,134人へと急増した。
- Reorganized into the regular police system, the Kenpei police was abolished, but numbers of police officers were dispatched from Japan, which made the number of the police officers increase from 6,387 in 1919 to 20,134 in 1920.
- その危険性に気づいた伊藤博文らは大日本帝国憲法制定時に天皇の神格化を図り、「神棚に祭る」ことで第三者が容易に関与できないようにし、合法的に天皇権限を押さえ込んだ。
- Hirobumi ITO and his colleagues realized that risk, and tried to deify the emperor when they legislate the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, to 'enshrine the emperor in the Shinto altar' makes third party incapable of participating easily, and legally suppressed the authority of the emperor.
- 尊氏は進軍を続けるが、直義は畠山国清、桃井直常、石塔頼房、細川顕氏をはじめ、山名時氏、斯波高経らを味方に付け、関東では12月に上杉憲顕が高一族の高師冬を駆逐する。
- Takauji continued to move his forces, and Tadayoshi gained the support of Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA, Tadatsune MOMONOI, Yorifusa ISHIDO, Akiuji HOSOKAWA, Tokiuji YAMANA, and Takatsune SHIBA, and in Kanto, Noriaki UESUGI chased away KO no Morofuyu of the KO clan in December.
- 昭和時代、日本国憲法の下で皇室典範は再度制定されたが、退位禁止と養子禁止と直系男子への皇位継承優先とする基本性格は変わらず、非嫡出子を皇族としない規定が追加された。
- In the Showa period, the Imperial Family Law was re-issued under the Constitution of Japan, the basic rule of the prohibition of the abdication, prohibition of the adoption, and priority of the male direct Imperial member's succession to the throne, remained the same, there was another regulation added that illegitimate children would not be included to the Imperial family.
- 明治初期の刑法典である『改定律例』278条には「違勅罪」という罪名が置かれて違法とされたが、以後天皇の立憲君主化に伴って違勅そのものが罪に問われることは無くなった。
- In Article 278 of 'Kaiteiritsurei', a criminal code in the beginning Meiji Period, a charge named 'Ichokuzai' was established as an illegal act, but in line with the subsequent constitutional monarch of Emperors, accusing a person of Ichoku itself as a crime ceased.
- 彼女を祭神とする明治神宮は、1920年(大正9年)と1963年(昭和38年)の2度にわたって「昭憲皇后」への改号を宮内省・宮内庁に要請しているが、いずれも拒否された。
- Meiji-Jingu Shrine, which enshrines the Empress, requested the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) and Imperial Household Regency for her posthumous title to be changed to 'Empress Shoken' two times, in 1920 and 1963, but was denied both times.
- このため、日本国憲法の施行とともに施行された国会法(昭和22年法律第79号)130条は「議員の調査研究に資するため、別に定める法律により、国会に国立国会図書館を置く。
- As a result, Article 130 of the National Diet Act (Act No. 79 of 1947), which came into force along with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, stipulated, 'The National Diet Library shall be established in the Diet by a separate law so as to assist Diet members in their research and study.'
- 第一に、本判決は、最高裁が、肖像権を初めて認めた事例である(「肖像権」という権利を認めたわけではないが、実質的にこれと同じ憲法上の利益を認めたものと認識されている)。
- First, in this judgment the right of portrait was guaranteed for the first time (it was not 'the right of portrait' itself that was guaranteed, but it has been recognized that the same constitutional benefit was guaranteed).
- こうした経緯から戦後の日本国憲法では政治の場から神国思想を排除するために、政教分離原則の厳格化と信教の自由の導入が行われ、日本社会の表舞台から神国思想は退く事になった。
- Considering the above, the strict principle of separation of government and religion, and the freedom of religion in the Constitution of Japan were later introduced to rid Shinkoku belief from politics, and it appeared that belief in Shinkoku was wiped from the surface of Japanese society.
- その結果、ドイツの憲法体制が最も日本に適すると信ずるに至った(ただし、伊藤はドイツの方式を過度に評価する井上毅を嗜めるなど、そのままの移入を考慮していたわけではない)。
- After the study, Ito believed that the German constitution was the most suitable to model after for Japan's constitution (But Ito reproved Kowashi INOUE who overvalued German system, and thought that they could not introduce German constitution as it was.)
- これに対して立憲君主制の国歌(たとえばイギリスの『女王陛下万歳』など。)と比較しても極端な天皇賛美の意味はなく、天皇象徴制の国歌ではごく普通の国歌だと考える意見もある。
- On the other hand, there is an opinion that, compared to national anthems of a constitutional monarchy (for example, 'God Save the Queen'), Kimigayo does not have a meaning of extreme praises for the emperor and it is a quite normal national anthem for the system that recognized the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people.
- なお、南北朝時代 (日本)に安居院澄憲の子孫によって編まれたとされる『神道集』によれば、綏靖天皇には食人の趣味があり、朝夕に7人もの人々を食べ、周囲を恐怖に陥れたという。
- According to an anecdote in 'Shintoshu' (a collection of Shinto legends), which is believed to have been compiled by the descendants of Choken AGUI during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan, Emperor Suizei had a taste for cannibalism and ate as many as seven people every day, terrifying people around him.
- 大山崎山荘には民芸運動にかかわる河井寛次郎、バーナード・リーチ、濱田庄司、富本憲吉、棟方志功および芹沢けい介といった作家たちとの交流の中で収集された作品が展示されている。
- Oyamazaki Villa exhibits works collected through his interaction with artists who were involved in the movement such as Kanjiro KAWAI, Bernard LEACH, Shoji HAMADA, Kenkichi TOMIMOTO, Shiko MUNAKATA and Keisuke SERIZAWA.
- この説に対して上杉慎吉は天皇機関説天皇機関説前史の立場から批判を行ったが、天皇機関説は議会政治を実現する上での憲法解釈上の大きな根拠として度々取り上げられるようになった。
- This theory was opposed by Shinkichi UESUGI who upheld the stance that the Emperor holds sovereignty but was repeatedly brought to attention as the foundation for interpretation of the Constitution in realizing legislative rule.
- 1590年豊臣秀吉の小田原の役の時に際し、憲秀は「豊臣方22万に対し北条方は5万と劣勢にあって勝ち目の無い野戦は無謀である」と、小田原城中の評定に於いて籠城策を主張する。
- On the occasion of the Siege of Odawara by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1590, Norihide insisted on a plot to hold the castle at the hyojo (meeting) in the Odawara-jo Castle, saying 'The Toyotomi side has 220 thousand soldiers and The Hojo side is outnumbered with 50 thousand, so having an open battle without any chance of winning is reckless.'
- 皇位の継承について大日本帝国憲法第2条で「皇位ハ皇室典範ノ定ムル所ニ依リ皇男子孫之ヲ繼承ス」とあり、旧皇室典範第一章に皇位継承順位、第二章に践祚即位について規定されていた。
- In terms of Imperial succession, it is mentioned in Clause 2 of The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 'Under Imperial Family Law, male members, or their grandchildren, of the Imperial family would succeed the throne,' there was the order of Imperial succession in the first chapter of the former Imperial Family Law, and in the second chapter of the same Law, there was a description about accession to the throne.
- 特に憲法制定過程における枢密院審議においては、そのすべてに臨御し、また国会開設前後の立憲政治未成熟期に首相が頻繁に辞任・交代した際も、政局の調停者として重要な役割を担った。
- For example, he attended all the Privy Councils, and he also played an important role as an arbitrator of political situations during the regular prime ministers' resignations and change, as the constitutional politic was immature soon after the Diet was established.
- 清盛の強硬姿勢に驚いた法皇は、静憲(信西の子)を使者として今後は政務に介入しないことを申し入れたため、一時は関白父子の解任で法皇と清盛が和解するのではないかという観測も流れた。
- The cloistered emperor was surprised by the firm attitude of Kiyomori, and used the Joken (the son of Shinzei) as the messenger, and said that he would not interfere with political duties hence forwards, and it was interpreted that the dismissal of Kanpaku father and son from their posts made the cloistered emperor and Kiyomori reconcile temporarily.
- 京都府学連事件(きょうとふがくれんじけん)は、主として、犯罪捜査としての写真撮影の適法性・合憲性が問題とされ、それぞれ適法・合憲と判断された、日本の最高裁判所による判決の通称。
- It is a popular name of a judgment by the Supreme Court of Japan that mainly judged photographing for criminal investigation as lawful and constitutional.
- その後漢学者源為憲が内親王のために『三宝絵』を著して進呈し、また薨去の際には慶滋保胤が四十九日供養の願文を自らしたためて、若くして出家・他界した尊子内親王の慎ましい人柄を偲んだ。
- After that a scholar of the Chinese classics, MINAMOTO no Tamenori wrote 'Sanpo e' and gave it to the Princess, when the Princess died, YOSHISHIGE no Yasunane wrote Ganmon (special document or letter to pray to god) for Shijukunichi (a memorial service held on the forty-ninth day after a person's death) and remembered the Imperial Princess as a modest person who entered into priesthood at a young age and then died.
- 昭憲皇太后の御歌としては、1876年(明治9年)2月、東京女子師範学校に下賜した校歌「磨かずば玉も鏡もなにかせむ学びの道もかくこそありけれ」(玉も鏡も磨かなければ何にもならない。
- As one of Empress Dowager Shoken's poems, a school song given to Tokyo Joshi Shihan Gakko 'when not polished, jewels and mirrors are worthless, the way of studying is much the same way' (If you don't polish a jewel or mirror they won't do much good.
- 作者の前作『NATURAL (漫画)』に登場した榊原西門の兄である能楽師・榊原憲人(正しくは「のりと」だが、概して作中では「けんと」と呼ばれている)を主人公としたスピンオフ作品。
- 'Hanayorimo Hananogotoku' is a spin-off work featuring Norito SAKAKIBARA (his real name is 'Norito,' but he is usually referred to as 'Kento' in the work) as a main character who is a Nohgakushi (a Noh actor) and the older brother of Saimon SAKAKIBARA who appeared in the same author's previous manga 'NATURAL.'
- こうした中で6世紀末、幾つかの紛争に勝利した推古天皇、聖徳太子、蘇我馬子らは強固な政治基盤を築きあげ、冠位十二階や十七条憲法の制定など官僚制を柱とする王権の革新を積極的に進めた。
- At the end of the sixth century, Empress Suiko, Prince Shotoku, and SOGA no Umako, after emerging victorious from several conflicts, established firm political foundations and actively reformed the polity by basing it on bureaucratic systems such as Kan'i junikai (twelve cap rank system) and the Seventeen-Article Constitution.
- 反頼之派は義満に対して頼之の排斥、討伐を要請し、近江で反頼之派に転じた佐々木高秀が挙兵すると、鎌倉公方の足利氏満が呼応して軍事行動を起こそうとし上杉憲春に諌死される事件も起こる。
- The anti-Yoriyuki faction asked Yoshimitsu for permission to expel and subjugate Yoriyuki, and when Takahide SASAKI, who had switched to the anti-Yoriyuki faction, raised an army at Omi, Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Shogun's representative at Kamakura, prepared to begin military action in response, it also happened that Noriharu UESUGI committed suicide to remonstrate with him about this course of action.
- 第二次世界大戦後の1945年(昭和20年)12月には貴族院_(日本)・衆議院両院の議長が第6位に繰り上げられるなどの改正がなされたが、翌年には日本国憲法の施行とともに廃止された。
- In December 1945 after World War II, there were a few amendments to Kyuchu Sekiji such as raising the rank of both chairmen of the Kizokuin (House of Peers) and House of Representatives to the sixth; but with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan the following year, the ranking was abolished.
- 判決は、憲法13条を根拠に、「個人の私生活上の自由の一つとして、何人も、その承諾なしに、みだりにその容ぼう・姿態(以下「容ぼう等」という。)を撮影されない自由を有する」と述べた。
- The judgment stated 'As part of such citizens' freedom in private life, any person has the right not to have his/her face or appearance (hereinafter referred to as 'the appearance, etc.') photographed without consent or good reason' based on Article 13 of the Constitution.
- しかし征韓論政変によって参議から下野した板垣退助らが自由民権運動を開始し、それが次第に議会開設の国民運動として発展すると、政府は大日本帝国憲法を発布し、議会と内閣制度を発足させた。
- However, when Taisuke ITAGAKI and others, who resigned from the post of Sangi (councilor) after the political change of Seikanron (debate about the subjugation of Korea), started the Jiyuminken Undo (the Freedom and People's Rights Movement), that movement developed gradually into a movement by the people to establish the Diet, and the government promulgated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and established the Diet and the cabinet system.
- 両者は持氏の妥協により和解するが、1438年(永享10年)6月、持氏が嫡子の賢王丸の元服を幕府に無断で行うと再び対立し、憲実は同年8月に分国であった上野国(群馬県)平井城に逃れる。
- The both sides reached a settlement as Mochiuji compromised, but they were confronted again in July, 1438, when Mochiuji celebrated coming of age of his legitimate son 賢王丸 without permission of the bakufu, and Norizane fled to Hirai-jo Castle of the Kozuke Province (Gunma Prefecture), a province occupied by a territorial lord, between August and September of the same year.
- また、解党後の1943年に完成した『立憲政友会史』では中島を正式な第8代総裁として記述しているが、これは第2次分裂以後、党機関紙及び党史の編集部門を革新派が掌握していたためである。
- 'History of Rikken seiyukai,' which was completed in1943 after the party was dissolved, described Nakajima as the eighth official president because the reformists took control of the official publication of the party and the editorial department of the party history after the second split.
- 第二に、本判決は、撮影対象となる被疑者の同意や令状がなくても、写真撮影が適法とされる余地を明確に認めた(そして、本件写真撮影は適法であり、憲法35条に違反するものではないとした)。
- Second, the judgment allowed room clearly that photographing was not in violation of the Constitution, even if the photographs had been taken without the citizen's consent or a warrant issued by a judge (and the photographing in this case was not in violation of Article 35 of the Constitution).
- 天守の復元には、建築基準法や消防法などの法令による制約があるが、国史跡での再建行為については文化庁により「考古学的遺産の保存管理に関する国際憲章」に基づいた再建行為が認められている。
- While restoration of Tenshu is restricted by the Building Standard Act and the Fire and Disaster Management Act, reconstruction in the national historic sites is permitted by the Agency for Cultural Affairs on the basis of 'Charter for the Protection and Management of Archaeological Heritage.'
- これは、当時、一大国民運動となっていた護憲運動の影響を受けて、山縣有朋・桂太郎らを中心とする軍部と藩閥の反対を押し切り、山本権兵衛内閣総理大臣と木越安綱陸軍大臣が断行したものである。
- This, at the time, was influenced by a major civic movement, the Constitution Protection Movement, when Prime Minister Gombei YAMAMOTO and War Minister Yasutsuna KIGOSHI pushed through the disagreements among the military and the domain clique including Arimoto YAMADATA and Taro KATSURA.
- 憲法学界にも、「皇室に私なし」とする立場から、「内廷」を戦前の「宮中」のような公的な存在ととらえ、宮中祭祀を「内廷の公的な祭祀」とする考え方が、保守系の学者を中心に根強く存在している。
- In the academic society of constitutional studies, some conservative scholars regard the 'inside of the Imperial Court' as a public organization like the prewar 'Imperial Court' because of the perspective that there is no personal affairs in the Imperial Household, and they also strongly believe that the Court rituals are 'public rituals at the inside of the Imperial Court.'
- 国の統治機構を破壊し、又はその領土において国権を排除して権力を行使し、その他憲法の定める統治の基本秩序を壊乱することを目的として暴動をした者は、内乱の罪とし、次の区別に従って処断する。
- A person who commits an act of riot for the purpose of overthrowing the government, usurping the territorial sovereignty of the State, or otherwise subverting constitutional order, thereby committing the crime of insurrection shall be sentenced according to the following distinctions:
- 源為憲の『空也誄』や慶滋保胤の『日本往生極楽記』によれば、空也にはすでに生存中から皇室の出である(醍醐天皇の御落胤)という説があったが,みずからは父母のことを語ることはなかったという。
- According to 'Kuya-rui,' written by MINAMOTO no Tamenori, and 'Nihon Ojo Gokuraku-ki,' by YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane, there was a view that Kuya had descended from the Imperial Family (as an illegitimate child of the Emperor Daigo) during his life, but he did not voluntarily speak about his parents.
- なお戦後は同じ日が国民の祝日「文化の日」となったが、これは昭和21年(1946年)の11月3日に日本国憲法が公布されたことに由来し、明治節とは関係なく定められたということになっている。
- After the war, the same day became a national holiday 'Culture Day,' which had, officially, nothing to do with the Meiji festival and had its origin as the day when the Constitution of Japan was announced on November 3, 1946.
- ただし、十七条憲法や大化の改新と同様、文章の内容が後世の装飾であったとしても上表文の存在そのものを否定する材料とまでは言えないとして、552年伝来の事実そのものはあったとする見方もある。
- However, some people say that the fact of the introduction in 552 must be true, because even if there was a modification of contents in later years, it cannot deny the existence of Johyobun itself immediately.
- 大日本帝国憲法のもとでは、天皇の行為のうち「皇室ノ大事ヲ宣誥(せんこう)シ及大権ノ施行ニ関スル勅旨ヲ宣誥スルハ別段ノ形式ニ依(よ)ルモノヲ除クノ外詔書ヲ以(もつ)テス」るものと定めていた。
- Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, among the emperor's action, it was established as 'In order to convey the emperor's important affairs and intentions regarding prerogative enforcement, the imperial rescript shall be used, excluding other forms.'
- 同裁判は最高裁判所にまで持ち込まれ、1989年12月14日に「製造理由の如何を問わず、自家生産の禁止は、税収確保の見地より行政の裁量内にある」として、酒税法の合憲判断と前田の有罪判決が出た。
- The case went to the Supreme Court, and on December 14, 1989, it was decided that 'whatever the production reason may be, the prohibition of in-house production is under administrative discretion in order to secure tax revenue,' and Maeda was convicted as the constitutionality of the Liquor Tax Act was confirmed.
- この憲法が国民に保障する自由及び権利は、国民の不断の努力によつて、これを保持しなければならない。又、国民は、これを濫用してはならないのであつて、常に公共の福祉のためにこれを利用する責任を負ふ。
- The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the people, who shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the public welfare.
- 言論、集会、結社の自由も、(国際世論への配慮のため)一部のキリスト教徒を除き大きく制限され、朝鮮警察事務をすべて日本軍に委任し、通常の警察でなく軍の憲兵(軍事警察)が一般警察官を兼ねるとした。
- Freedom of speech, assembly and association was strictly limited except a part of Christians (for consideration of international opinions), and all the Korean police administration was delegated to the Japanese army, of which kenpei (military police) doubled as general policemen instead of the regular police.
- 第十七条第一項又は第五項の規定による逃亡犯罪人の引渡しの指揮を受けた刑事施設の長は、請求国の官憲から受領許可状を示して逃亡犯罪人の引渡しを求められたときは、逃亡犯罪人を引き渡さなければならない。
- The warden of the penal institution who has received the order to surrender the fugitive as provided for in paragraph (1) or (5) of Article 17, shall surrender the fugitive to the authorities of the requesting country when those authorities show the written permit of custody to the warden and request him/her to surrender the fugitive.
- こうした事態を憂慮した伊藤は初代内閣総理大臣就任とともに引き続き初代宮内大臣を兼ねて天皇の意向を内閣_(日本)に伝えることで天皇の内閣への不信感を和らげ、伊藤の目指す立憲国家建設への理解を求めた。
- Concerned about this, Ito told the Cabinet (Japan) of the emperor's intention once he had been appointed to serve as the first Prime Minister while also serving as the Minister of the Imperial Household at the same time in order to quell the emperor's distrust of the Cabinet and gain his acceptance for the constitutional government Ito sought to implement.
- 詔書の様式については大きく分けて皇室に関する「宮務詔書」と憲法に基づく天皇大権発動の際に出される「政務詔書」の2つに分けられていたが、具体的な種別や手続については「公式令」において定められていた。
- The imperial rescript was largely divided into 'Kyumu Shosho' (Imperial rescript of the Imperial Princes' Household Affairs) that relates to the imperial household and 'Seimu Shosho' (Imperial rescript of State Affairs) that was issued at the time of the emperor's prerogative invocation based on the constitution, but a specific type and procedure was established by 'kushikiryo.'
- その後、宮内省の事務を他の政府機関に移管もしくは分離独立して機構の縮小を図り、1947年(昭和22年)5月3日の日本国憲法施行とともに、宮内省から宮内府となり、内閣総理大臣の所轄する機関となった。
- After that, the agency slimed down its organization by transferring its office routine work of the Imperial Household Agency to other government agencies or separating some work from the agency, and changed from the Imperial Household Ministry to Kunaifu (Imperial Household Agency) along with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan on May 3, 1947, and became one of agencies under the prime minister.
- 吉昌は天禄元年(970年)に賀茂保憲の推挙で天文得業生に推挙され、寛和2年(986年)に晴明の後任の天文博士に任じられ、寛弘元年(1004年)に陰陽頭を兼任し、死去するまで天文博士を兼務していた。
- Yoshimasa was recommended by KAMO no Yasunori as tenmon tokugyou no sho in 970, was appointed tenmon hakase after Seimei in 986, and became onmyo no kami in 1004, also serving as tenmon hakase until his death.
- 久寿2年(1155年)に近衛天皇が崩御すると崇徳上皇は御子の重仁親王の即位を望むが、父・鳥羽法皇は美福門院や近臣の藤原通憲の推す雅仁親王(崇徳上皇のもう一人の弟)を後白河天皇として即位させてしまう。
- Retired Emperor Sutoku hoped to get his son, Imperial Prince Shigehito, to ascend the Imperial Throne when Emperor Konoe died in 1155, but his father, Cloistered Emperor Toba, got Imperial Prince Masahito (another brother of retired Emperor Sutoku), who was supported by Bifukumonin and FUJIWARA no Michinori, to ascend the Imperial Throne instead.
- しかしながら、大日本帝国憲法は国民の権利を、天皇が臣民に与えた「恩恵的権利」と定義し、権利制限の根拠を「法律ニ定メタル場合」「法律ノ範囲内」などのいわゆる「法律の留保」、あるいは「安寧秩序」に求めた。
- However, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan specified that people's rights were 'privileged' ones that were given by the emperor and these rights could be limited 'by the constitution' and only permitted 'within the confines of the law,' in favor of public order and security.
- また天龍寺船の天龍寺船が入元の際、倭寇を警戒する元の官憲に入港を阻止されていることは、幕府の公的な公認というものが実質上の意味(密貿易船(倭寇)ではないことの証明)を有していなかったことを示している。
- Also a record that Yuan officials on the alert for wako obstructed the entry of a Tenryujibune into harbor when it tried to land Yuan shows that an official approval of the bakufu was substantially ineffective (which did not establish its identity of not being a smuggling ships [wako]).
- その上で、「これを肖像権と称するかどうかは別として、少なくとも、警察官が、正当な理由もないのに、個人の容ぼう等を撮影することは、「憲法13条の趣旨に反し、許されないものと言わなければならない」とした。
- Moreover it stated 'Apart from whether or not such right can be referred to as right of portrait, it must be said at least that if a police officer, without a good reason, has photographed the appearance, etc. of a citizen, such an act should be regarded as being in violation of the purport of Article 13 of the Constitution and therefore it is unallowable.'
- これらは解釈が難しい所であるが、大日本帝國憲法においては明確に「統治權ヲ總攬(第4条)」とあるので主権は君主が有する(第4条での統治権は「總攬」が政治の掌握の意であり、すなはち国家の最高決定権を指す)。
- Interpreting these issues are difficult, however, since the Constitution of the Empire of Japan clearly describes as 'combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them (Article 4),' sovereign power resides with monarch (in Article 4, sovereignty means the highest right to decide in the nation since 'combining' means seizure of politics).
- 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
- Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.
- その後、忠通の娘・藤原聖子(皇嘉門院)、続いて嫡男の近衛基実に譲られたが、仁安元年(1166年)12月に当時皇太子憲仁親王(後の高倉天皇)の御所であった東三条殿は火災で焼失、以後は再建されずに荒廃した。
- After that, ownership was trandferred to his daughter, FUJIWARA no Kiyoko (Kokamonin), and then to his heir, Motozane KONOE, but in December, 1166, when Imperial Prince Norihito, the crown prince (and later Emperor Takakura), lived there, Higashi Sanjo-dono Residence caught fire and was destroyed, and had been in ruins thereafter without being reconstructed.
- 裁判所は、日本国憲法第八十二条第二項の規定により対審を公開しないで行うには、公衆を退廷させる前に、その旨を理由とともに言い渡さなければならない。判決を言い渡すときは、再び公衆を入廷させなければならない。
- In order to conduct a trial in camera in accordance with the provisions of Article 82, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of Japan, a court shall make a statement to that effect giving the reason therefore, before ordering spectators to leave the court. In delivering a judgment, a court shall cause the public to be admitted to the court again.
- 第二次世界大戦後、1947年(昭和22年)に施行された日本国憲法は、国会を唯一の立法機関と定め、国会を構成する衆議院・参議院の両議院は「全国民を代表する選挙された議員」(国会議員)で組織されると定めた。
- After World War II, the Constitution of Japan, which came into force in 1947, defined the Diet as the sole law-making organ of the State, and that the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, which comprise the Diet, should consist of 'elected members, representative of all the people' (as the member of the Diet).
- 後者の例としては、昭和52、53年(1977年、1978年)の歌会始において、同じく三笠宮崇仁親王の子である千容子(1951年生)が、出生順どおり高円宮憲仁親王 (1954年生)の前となっている例がある。
- As an example of the latter, at the first poetry reading party of the New Year at the Imperial Palace in 1977 and 1978, another daughter of Mikasanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito, Masako SEN (born 1951), was seated before Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito (born 1954) in accordance to the order of their birth.
- 法務大臣は、外国から外交機関を経由して当該外国の官憲が他の外国から引渡しを受けた者を日本国内を通過して護送することの承認の請求があつたときは、次の各号の一に該当する場合を除き、これを承認することができる。
- The Minister of Justice may, upon a request made by a foreign state through diplomatic channels, give approval for a person surrendered to that state by another foreign state to be transported through the territory of Japan, except in any of the following circumstances.
- 検察官は、地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所がした第一審判決に対し、その判決において地方公共団体の条例又は規則が憲法又は法律に適合するものとした判断が不当であることを理由として、最高裁判所に上告をすることができる。
- The public prosecutor may file a final appeal with the Supreme Court against a judgment in first instance that has been rendered by a district court or a summary court, based on grounds that in such judgment, the court of first instance unjustly found any ordinance or regulation of a local public entity to be in compliance with the Constitution or with any law.
- 立憲政友会(りっけんせいゆうかい)は、日本の明治後期から昭和前期までの、立憲民政党とならぶ二大政党の1つである(1900年9月15日 - 1940年7月16日(正統派・統一派)/同7月30日(革新派))。
- Rikken seiyukai was one of the two major political parties along with Rikken Minsei-to political party between the end of Meiji period and the early part of Showa period in Japan (September 15, 1900 - July 16, 1940 [the orthodoxy faction, the unificationists] / July 30, 1940 [the reformists]).
- これにより皇室制度は、プロイセン式の立憲君主制を採ったが、大日本帝国憲法と同時に制定された皇室典範は、内閣や国会も改廃できない「皇室の家法」とされ、皇室制度は国民統治の神権的機関として利用されるようになる。
- With this, the system of the Imperial Household adopted a Prussian style constitutional monarch, but the Imperial House Act, which was established at the same time with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, was considered as 'the family codes of the Imperial Household,' that could not be changed nor abandoned by the cabinet or the Diet, and the system of the Imperial Household began to be used as a system of divine right to reign over the people.
- 例としては本作の前年に公開されたギャング・アクション映画「暗黒街の対決」(1960年 岡本喜八監督)や、本作の9年後に公開された任侠パロディ映画「日本一のヤクザ男」(1970年 古澤憲吾監督)などが挙げられる。
- Examples of these include a gang action film 'Ankokugai no Taiketsu' (The Last Gunfight), directed by Kihachi OKAMOTO in 1960) which was released one year before 'Yojinbo', and a gangster parody film 'Nippon-ichi no Yakuzaotoko' (1970, directed by Kengo FURUSAWA) which was released nine years after 'Yojinbo' are other examples.
- この憲法が日本国民に保障する基本的人権は、人類の多年にわたる自由獲得の努力の成果であつて、これらの権利は、過去幾多の試錬に堪へ、現在及び将来の国民に対し、侵すことのできない永久の権利として信託されたものである。
- The fundamental human rights by this Constitution guaranteed to the people of Japan are fruits of the age-old struggle of man to be free; they have survived the many exacting tests for durability and are conferred upon this and future generations in trust, to be held for all time inviolate.
- 都市の商業資本家・知識人層・三菱を支持基盤として、「王室の尊栄」・「人民の幸福」を2大方針として政治漸進主義を唱え、イギリス流立憲君主制・二院制議会・財産制限選挙制・国権拡張などの穏健な立憲政治を目標に掲げた。
- Supported by commercial capitalists and intellectuals of big cities, and Mitsubishi, the party maintained the political gradualism with the two pillars of ideas of 'flourishing of the imperial family' and 'people's happiness,' setting a goal to establish the moderate constitutionalism based on British constitutional monarchy, bicameral system, suffrage restricted by property, and the expansion of sovereign right.
- 応保元年(1161年)9月、後白河と平滋子の間に生まれた皇子憲仁(後の高倉天皇)を皇太子にしようとする陰謀が発覚すると、二条は後白河近臣の平時忠・平教盛・藤原成親・藤原信隆を解官して、後白河の政治介入を停止した。
- In September 1161, following the discovery of the conspiracy to let Prince Norihito (later called Emperor Takakura) succeed the Imperial Throne, he being the son of Emperor Goshirakawa and TAIRA no Shigeko, the Emperor removed Emperor Goshirakawa's close aides, TAIRA no Tokitada, TAIRA no Norimori, FUJIWARA no Narichika and FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, from their positions in order to stop Goshirakawa's political involvement.
- 秋篠宮家に平成18年(2006年)に悠仁親王が誕生したが、それ以外の宮家については、昭和29年(1954年)の高円宮憲仁親王以来、宮家を継承する、あるいは新たに宮家を創設することができる男性皇族は誕生していない。
- In 2006 Imperial Prince Hisahito was born in the Akishinonomiya family, in other Miyake, there was no male Imperial member born to succeed the family, or to establish new Miyake, except Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito who was born in 1954.
- 国立国会図書館法の前文は、「国立国会図書館は、真理がわれらを自由にするという確信に立って日本国憲法の誓約する日本の民主化と世界平和とに寄与することを使命としてここに設立される」と、その設立理念を明らかにしている。
- The philosophy of the NDL's establishment is specified in the preamble of the National Diet Library Act, as follows: 'The National Diet Library is hereby established through the firm conviction that truth makes us free and with the objective of contributing to international peace and the democratization of Japan, as promised in the Constitution.'
- 増築の進捗にともなって旧参謀本部庁舎跡地(現国会前庭北地区・憲政記念館)の三宅坂仮庁舎に置かれていた国会サービス部門も本館内に移転し、赤坂・上野・三宅坂の3地区に分かれていた国会図書館の機能は最終的な統合をみる。
- As the extension work progressed, the Diet Service Section--which was located in the Miyakezaka temporary building on the site of the former General Staff Office Building (now known as the Kensei-Kinenkan (Constitution Memorial Center) located in the north area of the front garden of the Diet Building)--merged into the NDL Main Library, completing the consolidation of the NDL's functions previously spread among three areas: Akasaka, Ueno and Miyakezaka.
- 嘉靖36年(日本の永禄元年/1558年)、大友氏の使僧とともに寧波に送り返されたものの、既に楊宜は趙文華・胡宗憲らによって失脚させられており、却って捕えられて四川省に配流されて7年間にわたって牢に押し込められた。
- When Cheng Shun-kung returned to Ningpo, China together with an envoy monk of the Otomo clan, 楊宜 had already lost his position by 趙文華 and 胡宗憲 -- On the contrary, Cheng Shun-kung was arrested and exiled to Sichuan and imprisoned there for seven years.
- 同大戦後は、日本国憲法第88条の規定に基づき、天皇家の資産は原則として国有財産となり、皇居をはじめ御用地、御用邸、修学院離宮、桂離宮、埼玉鴨場などの土地建物、正倉院の宝物などはすべて国有財産(皇室用財産)となった。
- After World War II, according to Article 88 of the Japanese Constitution, land and buildings such as the Imperial Palace, Goyochi, Imperial Villa, Shugakuin Imperial Villa, Katsura Imperial Villa, Saitama Kamoba (an area designated for duck hunting), and treasures of Shoso-in, all these being the properties of the Imperial Family, became government property (property belonging to Imperial families).
- こうして、アジアでは初の本格的な立憲君主制・議会制民主主義国家が完成した(正確にはオスマン帝国のタンジマート改革における1876年ミドハト憲法公布がアジア初の立憲制ではあるが、同国は直後に君主専制に回帰している)。
- Thus, a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy was completed for the first time in Asia (precisely speaking, the Midhat Constitution in 1876 of Tanzimat Reform in the Ottoman Empire was the first Asian constitutional monarchy, but the country returned to a monarchy in the same year).
- 憲法及び法典(民法、商法、刑法など)を定めている国の者が、それらの定められていないあるいは整備の進んでいない国において、それらを定めていないことによって被るであろう不当な権力の行使を避けるために結ばれることが多い。
- The unequal treaty is often concluded in order to avoid potential unjust enforcement of authority over a person from a country where a constitution and legal codes (the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and the Criminal Code) are provided, in a country where such legal codes are not provided or maintained well, because of the absence of the provision of such legal codes.
- 日本における代表者の変更又は外国において生じた登記事項の変更についての登記の申請書には、その変更の事実を証する外国会社の本国の管轄官庁又は日本における領事その他権限がある官憲の認証を受けた書面を添付しなければならない。
- In filing a written application for a registration of change of representative in Japan or of a change to the registered matters which has arisen in the foreign country, a document evidencing the fact of such change certified by the competent government agency or consul in Japan of the foreign company's own state or any other competent authority shall be attached thereto.
- 当時、国際法の規範的影響力において、武力による国際問題解決が問題視されるのは1919年のヴェルサイユ条約からであり、国家への脅迫が禁止されのは1945年の国際連合憲章が始まったのが国際法規範の機能面における実態である。
- It was since the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 that settling of international issues by force has been seen as a problem under a normative influence of international law, and it was after the beginning of the United Nations Charter of 1945 that threatening against a state was forbidden – those are realities of functional operation of the norm of the international law at that time.
- 葬列(車列)は自衛隊による21発の弔砲に送られて皇居正門を出発し、葬送曲「哀の極」の奏楽の中を桜田門、国会議事堂正門前、憲政記念館前、三宅坂、赤坂見附、青山一丁目、外苑前、青山三丁目を経て新宿御苑の葬場総門に到着した後、
- After the funeral motorcade departed from the main gate of the Imperial Palace as the Japan Self-Defense Forces made a twenty-one gun funeral salute, it passed the Sakurada-mon Gate, the main gate of the Diet Building, Parliamentary Museum, Miyakezaka, Akasakamitsuke, Aoyama 1-chome, Gaienmae, and Aoyama 3-chome with playing the funeral music called 'Kanashimi no Kiwami' (a funeral march composed by Franz Eckert) before reaching the main gate of the funeral place at the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden.
- 朕、...ここに元老院 (日本)を設け、もって立法の源を広め、大審院を置き、もって審判の権を鞏(かた)くし、又、地方官を召集し、もって民情を通じ公益を図り、漸次に国家立憲の政体を立て、なんじ衆庶と倶にその慶に頼らんと欲す
- I…established Genro-in (the Chamber of Elders) to develop nation's legislation, and established Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court) to secure independence of the judiciary, and also summoned local officials to listen to the voices of the people and secure public interest, and aimed at a gradual shift to the constitutional system of government that provided benefits to both me and the public.
- また、特に昭和20年の太平洋戦争敗戦後男女平等を謳う日本国憲法が発布され進駐軍の意向で儒教的な男尊女卑の考えが否定されると男子に成ることで成仏できるのではなく、成仏したことを男子の姿で表したといったように解釈が変更された。
- Especially after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945, the Constitution of Japan, in which gender equality is declared, was promulgated and predominance of men over women based on Confucianism was denied according to the indication of the occupying forces, which resulted in the interpretation of Henjo Nanshi being shifted from one, which is that a woman can become a Buddha by changing into a man, to another, which is that a woman demonstrates her Buddhahood by her male appearance.
- 元側では1335年から1336年にかけての倭寇事件を契機に、寧波市(明州、のちの寧波)に入港する日本船を海賊船と見なして、港の出入を厳しく制限していたため、明の官憲に阻まれ、入明を果たしたのは愚中ら11人のみだったという。
- However it is said that Chinese officials prevented the entry of the ship into Ming, and only 11 priests were permitted to enter Ming, because, after the Wako Incidents between 1335 and 1336, the Yuan regarded Japanese vessels arriving in Neiha City (Meishu (Ningbo), later Neiha) as pirate ships and strictly restricted them from going in and out of the port.
- この条文の解釈や憲法全体の解釈運用にあたっては天皇主権(君権)を重んじる穂積八束や上杉慎吉ら君権学派(神権学派とも言う)と議会制を中心とした立憲主義を重んじる美濃部達吉や佐々木惣一ら立憲学派の二大学派に分かれて論じ合われた。
- The interpretation of this article and the interpretation and operation of the overall Constitution were divided and discussed by two large schools; one is the monarchism school, (also called the theocracy sect) led by Yatsuka HOZUMI, Shinkichi UESUGI, etc., who valued imperial sovereignty (monarchism) and the other was the constitutional school, led by Tatsukichi MINOBE, Soichi SASAKI, etc., who valued constitutionalism, with a focus on the parliament system.
- この勅諭では、第一に1890年(明治23年)の国会(議会)開設を約束し、第二にその組織や権限は政府に決めさせること(欽定憲法)を示し、第三にこれ以上の議論を止める政治休戦を説き、第四に内乱を企てる者は処罰すると警告している。
- First, the national diet (assembly) would be established in 1890, and second, organizations and authority of the diet should be decided by the government (constitution enacted by the emperor), and third, further political arguments should be prohibited, and forth, people who attempt domestic conflicts would be punished.
- また、特定個人のために作られた書籍として、菅原是善が皇太子時代の文徳天皇に授けた『東宮切韻』(散逸)、源順が勤子内親王に授けた『和名類聚抄』、源為憲が尊子内親王に授けた『三宝絵詞』、同人が藤原誠信に授けた『口遊』などがある。
- There were also books created for particular people such as 'Togusetsuin' (Dissipation) offered to the Emperor Montoku during his crown prince days by SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, 'Wamyo Ruijusho' offered to Imperial Princess Isoko by MINAMOTO no Shitago, 'Sambo Ekotoba' offered to Imperial Princess Sonshi by MINAMOTO no Tamenori, and 'Kuchizusami' offered to FUJIWARA no Sanenobu also by MINAMOTO no Tamenori.
- 最高裁判所は、原判決において法律、命令、規則又は処分が憲法に違反するものとした判断が不当であることを上告の理由とする事件については、原裁判において同種の判断をしていない他のすべての事件に優先して、これを審判しなければならない。
- With regard to a case for which a final appeal has been filed based on grounds that in the judgment, the court unjustly found any law, order, regulation, or ruling to be in violation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court shall prioritize the adjudication of said case above any and all other cases in which no finding of that sort was made in the judgment of prior instance.
- この憲法の改正は、各議院の総議員の三分の二以上の賛成で、国会が、これを発議し、国民に提案してその承認を経なければならない。この承認には、特別の国民投票又は国会の定める選挙の際行はれる投票において、その過半数の賛成を必要とする。
- Amendments to this Constitution shall be initiated by the Diet, through a concurring vote of two-thirds or more of all the members of each House and shall thereupon be submitted to the people for ratification, which shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast thereon, at a special referendum or at such election as the Diet shall specify.
- 続いて設立された立憲政友会を与党とする山本権兵衛内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の廃止など陸海軍の内閣への発言力を弱める改革に着手したが、海軍高官の贈賄事件(シーメンス事件)の影響により再び国民の怒りを買いに内閣総辞職を余儀なくされた。
- The next administration led by Prime Minister Gonbei YAMAMOTO, with Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government) as mainstream party, worked on reform to curb the influence of the Imperial Army and Navy in civilian government, including the abrogation of the law requiring military-related ministers to be active-duty military officers, but was forced into mass resignation in face of public ire over the corruption scandal involving high-ranking navy officers (Siemens Scandal).
- 昭和に入って数年は立憲民政党と交替で政権をになったが、1932年(昭和7年)、五・一五事件で犬養毅が暗殺されてからは軍部に圧迫されて衰退し、1936年の第19回衆議院議員総選挙では総裁の鈴木喜三郎が落選するなどの大惨敗を喫した。
- Although the Seiyu Party took charge of the government alternately with Rikken Minsei-to political party for the first several years of the Showa period, after Tsuyoshi INUKAI was assassinated in May 15th Incident in 1932, it was oppressed by the military and declined; the Seiyu Party suffered a devastating defeat in the 19th general election of members of the House of Representatives in 1936 including the president Kisaburo SUZUKI's failure.
- 第二次世界大戦後の1947年(昭和22年)、片山哲内閣により、日本国憲法にふさわしい祝日の法案に紀元節が「建国の日」として盛り込まれていたが、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部により削除され、法は1948年(昭和23年)7月に施行された。
- After World War II in 1947 the cabinet of Tetsu KATAYAMA proposed a bill on public holidays appropriate to the constitution of Japan including Empire Day as 'Foundation Day' (kenkoku no hi), but this was dismissed by the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers and the law came into effect in July 1948.
- 後に、同じく近世日本絵画や浮世絵などからなる由良哲次のコレクション、奈良県出身の工芸家・富本憲吉の作品コレクション、具体美術協会ほか日本の戦後現代美術のコレクターであった大橋化学工業株式会社社長・大橋嘉一氏のコレクションを収集した。
- Likewise, later, it collected Tetsuji YURA's collection such as modern Japanese-style paintings or Ukiyoe and so on, the collection of Kenkichi TOMIMOTO's works, who was an industrial artist and from Nara prefecture, the collection of Kaichi OHASHI, who was the president of OHASHI Chemical Industries Ltd. and the collector of Gutai (non abstract) Art Association and Japanese post-war modern arts.
- 「掻取」はいわゆる打掛と同じ物で、京都の剣術家としても知られる吉岡憲房が発明したとされる「憲法染(けんぽうぞめ)の掻取」(略して「憲法」とも言われる)、刺繍や染めで模様の入った「模様の掻取」、「素模様の掻取」の大まかに3種があった。
- Kaidori' is the same as so-called uchikake, and there were largely three types of kaidori: 'Kenpo Zome no Kaidori' (Kaidori of Kenpo dye), which is said that Kenpo YOSHIOKA who was also known as a swordsman of Kyoto invented (also called as kenpo for short), 'Moyo no kaidori' (patterned kaidori) which is patterned with embroidery and dye, and 'simple patterned kaidori.'
- 1947年に施行された日本国憲法及び皇室典範では、天皇の地位(皇位)は、主権の存する日本国民の総意にもとづくものとされ、皇位継承に関しては、皇統(系図上神武天皇の嫡流の子孫である血筋)に属する男系の男子が世襲するものと規定している。
- The Constitution of Japan and the Imperial House Act that took effect in 1947 provide that the position of Emperor (the Imperial Throne) is subject to consensus of Japanese citizens, and that, as for the Imperial succession, a son in the male line who belongs to the Imperial lineage (genealogically the direct descendant in the main branch of the family of Emperor Jinmu) should succeed to the throne.
- コロッケ (タレント)が上記の美川憲一の真似で美川に似た化粧で出演して人気を博し、美川の人気も回復、小梅太夫も舞台経験を生かした妖艶な舞台化粧で出演する、ゴリ@ガレッジセールが厚化粧女装して松浦ゴリエとして出演する、等のケースがある。
- A few examples of this are Korokke, (an entertainer) who gained popularity and increased the popularity of Kenichi MIKAWA by imitating MIKAWA and wearing similar makeup; Tayu KOUME has appeared with voluptuous makeup on, making use of her stage experience; Gori@Garage Sale has put on atsugesho and disguised himself as a woman to appear a Gorie MATSUURA, and so on.
- 清朝における孫文の辛亥革命、オスマン帝国における青年トルコ革命、カージャール朝におけるイラン立憲革命や、仏領インドシナにおけるファン・ボイ・チャウの東遊運動、インド帝国におけるインド国民会議国民会議カルカッタ大会等に影響を与えている。
- It influenced the Sun Yatsen's Xinhai Revolution, the Young Turks Revolution in the Ottoman Empire, the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Phan Boii Chau's Dong Du Movement (Look-Japan Movement) in French Indochina, and the Indian National Congress's Calcutta Conference.
- 機関の憲章及びイーター事業の共同実施のためのイーター国際核融合エネルギー機構の設立に関わる協定に規定された目的を効率的に達成するために、両締約者は互いに密接な協力を維持し、共通の利益について定期的に、または必要に応じて互いに協議する。
- With a view to facilitating the effective attainment of the objectives set forth in the Agency's Statute and the Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project, the Parties will maintain close co-operation with each other and will consult each other regularly and as appropriate in regard to matters of common interest.
- この桂内閣に対し国民は怒り、また衆議院議員の尾崎行雄や犬養毅らは藩閥政治であるとして桂内閣を批判し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」を掲げた第一次護憲運動が展開され第三次桂太郎内閣は組閣してからわずか53日で内閣総辞職に追い込まれた(大正政変)。
- The Katsura cabinet angered the Japanese people and drew criticism of oligarchic rule by Yukio OZAKI and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Lower House of the Imperial Diet, spurring the first Movement to Protect Constitutional Government aimed at 'doing away with the oligarchy and protecting constitutional rule' and ending with mass resignation of the cabinet after only 53 days (Taisho Political Crisis).
- その後、明治22年(1889年)の大日本帝国憲法公布にともない、衆議院議員選挙法が公布され、直接国税15円以上を納税した25歳以上の男子のみ(当時の全人口の1.1%)に選挙権を与えた制限選挙を実施し、に最初の帝国議会(第一議会)が開会された。
- Afterwards, in conjunction with proclamation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan in 1889, the Election Law of the Member of the House of Representatives was issued thereby implementing a limited election allowing male subjects who paid 15 yen or more directly in general tax and who were over 25 of age (that accounted for approximately 1.1% of the total population of Japan at the time) to vote and, on November 25, 1890, the inaugural Imperial Diet (the first parliamentary session) convened.
- 言い換えれば、当時相当先進的な内容であった大日本帝国憲法をもってしても自由民権運動の真意がかなえられる事は無く、1945年の太平洋戦争敗北後に、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が行なった民主化政策でしか自由民権運動の成果は結実しえなかったのである。
- In other words, the then fairly progressive Constitution of the Empire of Japan could not achieve the real aim of the movement and they had to wait to be fully realized in the democratization, which was prompted by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945.
- 1882年に施行された旧刑法116条、および大日本帝国憲法制定後の1908年に施行された刑法73条(1947年に削除)が規定していた、天皇、皇后、皇太子等を狙って危害を加えたり、加えようとする罪、いわゆる大逆罪が適用され、訴追された事件の総称。
- Taigyaku Jiken is a collective term referring to the incidents in which perpetrators were prosecuted for high treason, which was a crime to inflict or try to inflict harm on Emperor, Empress or Crown Prince, as defined in the article 116 of the former Penal Code enforced in 1882 and the article 73 of the Penal Code enforced in 1908 after the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (the article was eliminated in 1947).
- 具体的には「関税自主権を行使させない」ことや「治外法権などを認めさせる」ことで、ある国の企業や人が、憲法及び法典のない国に商品を輸入したりする際に莫大な税金を要求されたり、軽犯罪によって死刑を被ったりすることを避けることを目的としたものである。
- Specifically, its objective is to 'prevent the enforcement of tariff autonomy' or 'have extraterritoriality approved' and thereby avoid a situation where a corporation or person from one country is requested to pay an enormous amount of tax when importing commodities to a country which has no constitution or legal codes, or is sentenced to death for a petty crime.
- ただし、当時の首相である吉田茂は、憲法制定のスケジュールを、当初は8月11日公布、2月11日(紀元節)施行とし、その日程に間に合わなかったことから11月3日(明治節)公布、5月3日施行にしており、意図的にそれまでの祝祭日祝日に日程を合わせている。
- However, then prime minister Shigeru YOSHIDA intentionally made the dates of former national holidays become new national holidays; at first he scheduled to announce the Constitution of Japan on August 11 and to enact the same on February 11 (Kigensetsu (the National Foundation Day)), but since the government could not make it on schedule, they decided to announce the constitution on November 3 (Meiji festival) and to enact the same on May 3.
- 井上は、政府の法律顧問であったドイツ人・ロエスレル(ロェスラー、Karl Friedrich Hermann Roesler)やモッセ(Albert Mosse)などの助言を得て起草作業を行い、1887年(明治20年)5月に憲法草案を書き上げた。
- Inoue was advised from a German official legal adviser, Karl Friedrich Hermann ROESLER and Albert MOSSE to prepare a constitutional draft, and completed the final draft in May, 1887.
- この事件をきっかけに蓑田胸喜ら原理日本社の右翼、および菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)(貴族院 (日本))や宮澤裕(衆議院・立憲政友会所属)らの国会議員は、司法官赤化の元凶として帝国大学法学部の「赤化教授」の追放を主張、司法試験委員であった滝川を非難した。
- Due to this incident, Muneki MINODA and others from the right wing group, Genri Nihonsha, Takeo KIKUCHI (army veteran) (House of Peers (Japan)), Yu MIYAZAWA (House of Representatives, affiliated with Rikken Seiyukai) and other Diet members proposed the exile of 'Red (communist) Professors' in the Faculty of Law in imperial universities as the cause of communist judges and accused Takigawa, who was a member of the bar test board.
- 大山らが登場させて後は専ら国歌として知られるようになった『君が代』だが、それまでの賀歌としての位置付けや、天皇が「國ノ元首ニシテ統治権ヲ総攬」していた(大日本帝国憲法による)という時代背景から、戦前にはごく自然な国家平安の歌として親しまれていた。
- Although 'Kimigayo' became to be known mainly as the national anthem after having been made to appear by Oyama and so on, it was liked before the War as a very natural song for cerebrating peace of the nation because of its position as gaka in the past and historical background that the emperor 'was the head of state and had a ruling power' (the Constitution of the Empire of Japan).
- しかし、当時既に開設されていた電信によりいち早く彼らの蜂起とその規模を知った政府は、一部汽車をも利用して警察隊・憲兵 (日本軍)等を送り込むが苦戦し、最終的には東京鎮台の鎮台兵を送り郡境を抑えたため、11月4日に秩父困民党指導部は事実上崩壊、鎮圧された。
- However, the government, getting information on their uprising and its scale instantaneously by telegram that had already been in use at that time, sent a troop of police and military police (Japanese Army) partially by train only to face uphill fights, but finally soldiers in Tokyo Chindai Army (garrison in Meiji period) brought the county boundary under their control, leading the leaders of the Konmin Party to the collapse and subjugation on November 4.
- 1881年(明治14年)10月、急進的な議会制度の早急な 実施を求めていた肥前の大隈重信が、明治14年の政変によって明治政府を離脱せざるを得ない事態となり、板垣同様、明治政府の外から明治政府にイギリス的な憲法と議会政治を求める運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1881, Shigenobu OKUMA from Hizen, who requested the enactment of a radical parliamentary system, had to resign from the Meiji Government because of the political change which happened in the same year, and like Itagaki, he initiated a campaign to seek a constitution and a parliamentary government like those of Great Britain from outside of the Meiji Government.
- それを犯せば君主であれ国民であれ主権を侵すことになり、ここに立憲制は瓦解する(この場合の主権は、例えば領海侵犯や国民が他国へ拉致された場合などにおいて「我が国の主権侵害」などと言われるが、まさにこの内外に(法律面で)侵されざるべき国家の權利を主権という)。
- Irrespective of monarch or general people, violating it means a violation of sovereign power, and this makes the constitutional system collapse (in this case, sovereign power means state right which shouldn't be [legally] violated in and outside of Japan, and an expression like 'infringement of Japanese sovereignty' is often used in the case of intrusion into territorial waters or abduction of Japanese civilians to other country).
- 地方裁判所又は簡易裁判所がした第一審判決に対しては、その判決において法律、命令、規則若しくは処分が憲法に違反するものとした判断又は地方公共団体の条例若しくは規則が法律に違反するものとした判断が不当であることを理由として、最高裁判所に上告をすることができる。
- A final appeal against a judgment in first instance that has been rendered by a district court or a summary court may be filed with the Supreme Court, based on grounds that in rendering its judgment, the court of first instance unjustly found any law, order, regulation, or ruling to be in violation of the Constitution, or unjustly found any ordinance or regulation of a local public entity to be in violation of the law.
- 朝鮮における壬午事変・甲申政変や清の戊戌の変法の失敗、長続きしなかったイランのイラン立憲革命やロシア帝国のセルゲイ・ヴィッテ改革、ピョートル・ストルイピン改革などが典型である(朝鮮の改革運動については金玉均など、清の改革については光緒帝、黄遵憲なども参照)。
- The examples of unsuccessful reforms are as follows: the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Corp in Korea; the Hundred Days' Reform in Qing; the Persian Constitutional Revolution in Iran; and the Reform of Sergei Witte and the Reform of Pyotr Stlypin in Russian empire (Regarding the movement of the reforms in Korea, refer to the article of 'Kim Ok-gyun,' and regarding the reforms in Qing, refer to the articles of 'Guangxu Emperor' and 'Huang Zunxian').
- そのため、時期によって差異はあるものの、その性質上当然に施行されるべき法律は別として、台湾統治のために設置された台湾総督府の長たる台湾総督が発する命令 (法律)(律令)という形で立法権を委任する(委任が包括的であったため、憲法違反ではないかという議論が起きた。
- Therefore, although some variations were observed depending on the period, the government delegated the legislative power to the governor-general of Taiwan Sotokufu, which was founded for the administration of Taiwan, by granting authority to issue orders (laws or ordinances) with the exception of the laws that should be enforced in Taiwan for its nature (The delegation was comprehensive, so some people argued that it might be against the Constitution).
- 清朝の暦法(時憲暦)が、実はイエズス会の宣教師が伝えた技法を採用していることを知った征夷大将軍徳川吉宗は、キリスト教色を排除した形で西洋天文学を取り入れた暦法を採用したいと考えるようになり、その意向を受けた西川正休・渋川則休らの手によって改暦の準備が始められた。
- Knowing that the rekiho (method of making calendars) used by the Qing dynasty (the Jikenreki; known in English as the Chinese calendar) was, in fact, based on Western calendrical methods introduced by Jesuit missionaries, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the then Seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians), decided to adopt a new calendrical system by introducing Western astronomy with all Christian influence removed, and in accordance with Yoshimune's wishes, Masayoshi NISHIKAWA and Noriyoshi SHIBUKAWA began preparations to reform the calendar.
- 戦後、赤坂離宮の敷地や建物は皇室から国に移管され、国立国会図書館(1948〜61年)、法務庁法制意見長官(1948〜60年)、裁判官弾劾裁判所(1948〜70年)、内閣憲法調査会(1956〜60年)、東京オリンピック組織委員会(1961〜65年)などに使用された。
- After the War, the site and buildings of Akasaka Imperial Villa were transferred from the Imperial Family to the state, and later used for various purposes: The National Diet Library (1948 - 1961), The Legal Opinion Secretary of Legal Affairs Agency (1948 - 1960), The court for the impeachment trials (1948 - 1970), Diet councils to study constitutional debates (1956 - 1960), and the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee (1961 - 1965) among others.
- 法務大臣は、外国から外交機関を経由して、当該外国の官憲が、当該外国又は他の外国において外国刑の確定裁判を受けた者を、その執行の共助のために、日本国内を通過して護送することの承認の要請があったときは、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、これを承認することができる。
- The Minister of Justice, upon a request made by a foreign state through diplomatic channels, may give approval for transit through the territory of Japan, of a person to whom a final and binding decision of foreign punishment has been rendered in the foreign state or another foreign state, for assistance in its enforcement except in either of the following circumstances:
- 前項の規定による調査の結果、同項の外国人が抑留対象者に該当し、かつ、我が国において抑留することが相当であると認めるときは、当該外国人について、第十六条の規定の例により、抑留令書を発付した上、同項の締約国の官憲から当該外国人の引渡しを受け、これを抑留することができる。
- The recognition officer of internment status may, when he/she finds a foreigner set forth in the preceding paragraph falls to a person subject to internment and is to be appropriate for interned in Japan as the result of inquiry pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, issue a written detention order as governed by the provision of Article 16 and interned said foreigner after taking delivery him/her from the authority of said contracting party set forth in the preceding paragraph.
- 裁判所が、裁判官の全員一致で、公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害する虞があると決した場合には、対審は、公開しないでこれを行ふことができる。但し、政治犯罪、出版に関する犯罪又はこの憲法第三章で保障する国民の権利が問題となつてゐる事件の対審は、常にこれを公開しなければならない。
- Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of political offenses, offenses involving the press or cases wherein the rights of people as guaranteed in Chapter III of this Constitution are in question shall always be conducted publicly.
- ところが、大正政変の際に大正天皇より公家出身の立憲政友会総裁西園寺公望に対して第3次桂内閣への内閣不信任案を撤回させて政友会を内閣に協力させるように勅命が出されたものの、政友会の代議士達は自分達は日本国民の代表であるとして西園寺に突き返させた(1913年2月9日)。
- In the Taisho Political Crisis, Emperor Taisho issued an imperial command that Kinmochi SAIONJI, president of Rikkenseiyukai (a political party originally organized by Hirobumi ITO) should withdraw a parliamentary motion of non-confidence against the cabinet related to the 3rd Katsura Cabinet and urge Seiyukai to collaborate with the Katsura Cabinet, but the parliamentarians of the Seiyukai made Saionji return the imperial command for the reason that the parliamentarians were the representatives of the Japanese nation (February 9, 1913.)
- 皇祖考古今ニ鑑ミテ維新ノ鴻図ヲ闢キ中外ニ徴シテ立憲ノ遠猷ヲ敷キ文ヲ経トシ武ヲ緯トシ以テ曠世ノ大業ヲ建ツ皇考先朝ノ宏謨ヲ紹継シ中興ノ丕績ヲ恢弘シ以テ皇風ヲ宇内ニ宣フ朕寡薄ヲ以テ忝ク遺緒ヲ嗣キ祖宗ノ擁護ト億兆ノ翼戴トニ頼リ以テ天職ヲ治メ墜スコト無ク愆ツコト無カラムコトヲ庶幾フ
- 皇祖考古今ニ鑑ミテ維新ノ鴻図ヲ闢キ中外ニ徴シテ立憲ノ遠猷ヲ敷キ文ヲ経トシ武ヲ緯トシ以テ曠世ノ大業ヲ建ツ皇考先朝ノ宏謨ヲ紹継シ中興ノ丕績ヲ恢弘シ以テ皇風ヲ宇内ニ宣フ朕寡薄ヲ以テ忝ク遺緒ヲ嗣キ祖宗ノ擁護ト億兆ノ翼戴トニ頼リ以テ天職ヲ治メ墜スコト無ク愆ツコト無カラムコトヲ庶幾フ
- 社会変革を求める政治運動に呼応して、大正末期ごろ興った「プロレタリア文学」運動に見えるように、官憲の弾圧に抵抗しながらも身を隠し、あるいは処罰を覚悟しながらも自らを主張する、その自由獲得への情熱に対する憧れや賛美が、同時代の人々にドラマチックな感動を与えたのも事実であろう。
- As seen in the 'proletarian literature' movement around the end of the Taisho period, in response to the political movement requiring transformation of the society, it was true that the longing and admiration expressed towards the passion to seek freedom by insisting on a person's rights despite the oppression by officials, either in secret, or openly, with the expectation of being punished, left a dramatic impression on the people of that period.
- 検察官は、前項の規定により外国受刑者を当該外国の官憲に引き渡す場合において必要があるときは、前条第一項の受入移送拘禁状により、検察事務官、警察官、海上保安官又は海上保安官補に当該外国受刑者の護送をさせることができる。この場合においては、刑事訴訟法第七十四条の規定を準用する。
- A public prosecutor may have a public prosecutor's assistant officer, a police official, a coast guard officer or an assistant coast guard officer escort the foreign sentenced inmate, based on the detention notice for received transfer set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 23, when necessary in handing over the foreign sentenced inmate to the foreign official in accordance with the preceding paragraph. In this case, the provision of Article 74 of the Code of Criminal Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 江戸時代の日本最大の豪商、鴻池財閥は、家業以外への進出を禁じた家憲によって、金融業から他の事業へ営業分野の拡大は図らなかったが、明治期以降は同家の名声を欲する財界の要請で、鴻池家が様々な企業の発起人となり、大株主として君臨したことから、投資財閥の性格をもっていたとも言える。
- The Konoike zaibatsu, as the wealthiest merchant in Japan during the Edo period, did not expand its business from finance to other fields due to the family rule that prohibited the business expansion to other than the family business; however, it can be said that the Konoike zaibatsu had the characteristics of an investment zaibatsu because the Konoike family ultimately founded various enterprises in response to requests from financial communities that had tried to acquire the family reputation after the Meiji period, and consequently the family had the status of a major shareholder.
- 厩戸皇子は『法華経』・『維摩経』・『勝鬘経』の三つの経の解説書(『三経義疏』)を書き、『十七条憲法』の第二条に、「篤(あつく)く三宝を敬へ 三寶とは佛(ほとけ) 法(のり)僧(ほうし)なり」(「篤敬三寶 三寶者 佛 法 僧也」)と書くなど、仏教の導入に積極的な役割を果たした。
- Prince Umayado played an active role in the introduction of Buddhism, writing the 'Sankyogisho' commentaries on the three sutras of 'Hokke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra), 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra) and 'Shomangyo' (Srimala Sutra) and the second article of the Seventeen-Article Constitution, which states, 'Sincerely revere the three treasures; the three treasures are the Buddha, his laws and the priesthood'.
- 別当職を権別当として長く彼を補佐した覚憲に、一乗院門跡を弟子の良円に、大乗院門跡を同じく弟子の実尊に、それぞれ譲って後、1191年(建久2年)には法務大僧正を辞し、翌1192年(建久3年)には自ら再興事業に着手した菩提山正暦寺に隠遁し「菩提山僧正」あるいは「菩提山御房」と呼ばれた。
- After he handed over his position of betto to Kakuken who supported him as gon no betto (acting chief) for a long time, monzeki (head post) of Ichijo-in Temple to his disciple Ryoen, and monzeki of Daijo-in Temple to another disciple Jitsuson, respectively, he resigned his post as Homu Daisojo in 1191, and the following year, in 1192, he lived in retirement in Shoryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Bodai where he started its restoration himself, and he came to be called 'bodaisan (Mt. Bodai) sojo (high-ranking Buddhist priest)' or 'bodaisan gobo (a respectful way to call someone in a high position in Buddhism).'
- 受刑者証人移送として外国の官憲から引渡しを受けた外国受刑者については、その引渡しを受けた日から三十日以内に、これを当該外国の官憲に引き渡さなければならない。ただし、天災その他やむを得ない事由によりこの期間内に外国受刑者を当該外国の官憲に引き渡すことができない場合には、この限りでない。
- A foreign sentenced inmate who has been handed over from a foreign official for transfer of a sentenced inmate for testimony shall, within 30 days from the date of such a handover, be handed back to the foreign official; except that this shall not apply when the foreign sentenced inmate cannot be handed back in compliance with the term set forth above due to a natural disaster or other unavoidable circumstances.
- 法第三百二十四条(最高裁判所への移送)の規定により、上告裁判所である高等裁判所が事件を最高裁判所に移送する場合は、憲法その他の法令の解釈について、その高等裁判所の意見が最高裁判所の判例(これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例)と相反するときとする。
- A high court, as the final appellate court, shall transfer a case to the Supreme Court pursuant to the provision of Article 324 (Transfer to the Supreme Court) of the Code when the opinion of the high court on interpretation of the Constitution or any other law or regulation is inconsistent with precedents rendered by the Supreme Court (or precedents rendered by the former Supreme Court or those rendered by high courts as the final appellate court or the court of second instance, if there are no precedents rendered by the Supreme Court).
- 天皇及び皇族の選挙権・被選挙権は、象徴的な立場にある天皇とその一家として「政治的な立場も中立でなければならない」という要請や、天皇は「国政に関する権能を有しない」(憲法4条1項)という規定の趣旨などを根拠として、有していないとされているのであり、公職選挙法の規定が根拠になるわけではないと解されている。
- Since the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family, who are in a symbolic position, 'are required to be politically neutral,' and the Emperor 'shall not have powers related to government' (Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Constitution), they are not allowed to have suffrage and eligibility for election, and it is understood that the provisions of the Public Offices Election Act do not provide grounds for that.
- 同宣言には「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ」「言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ」等と定められたため、ダグラス・マッカーサー率いる連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ/SCAP)は、大日本帝国憲法の改正を日本政府に求めた。
- According to the sentences of the declaration, 'the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people' and 'Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established,' the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) led by Douglas MACARTHUR demanded modification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。
- It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to 'Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo' (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as 'Hokuzansho' (Manual of court rules and customs), 'Goke shidai' (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and 'Kanju hisho' (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).
- ところが大日本帝国憲法に先行して天皇から与えられた「勅諭」であることから、陸軍(および海軍の一部)は軍人勅諭を政府や議会に対する自らの独立性を担保するものと位置づけていた(陸軍の一部には「政論に惑わず政治に拘わらず」について「政府や政治家が何を言おうと気にする必要はない、ということだ」という解釈すらあったという)。
- On the side of the Army (and a part of the Navy), however, since the imperial rescript was given by Emperor ahead of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, there was an idea that the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors secures their independence from the government and the parliament (Some members of the Army even interpreted 'Military men are neither perplexed at political opinions nor involved in politics.' as 'Military men need not care about what the government and statesmen say').
- しかし、現役の自衛官が防衛大臣を兼ねることはともかく、かつて職業軍人であった者や自衛官であった者が、防衛大臣に就任すること自体は憲法違反にあたらないと解されている(例えば、旧海軍経理学校出身の中曽根康弘(中佐)、松野頼三(少佐)、山下元利(中尉)らや陸上自衛隊自衛官(二等陸尉)であった中谷元が防衛庁長官に就任している)。
- However, whether or not an active Self-Defense Official concurrently serves as a Secretary of State for Defense, it is understood that appointment of a career military man or a Self-Defense official to a Secretary of State for Defense itself is not illegal (For instance, Yasuhiro NAKASONE (lieutenant colonel) who graduated from the Naval Paymasters' School, Raizo MATSUNO (major), Ganri YAMASHITA (lieutenant), and Gen NAKATANI who was in the Japanese Self-Defense Forces (First Lieutenant) were appointed to Chief Secretary of State for Defense).
- この法律による規制及び規制のための調査は、第一条に規定する目的を達成するために必要な最小限度においてのみ行うべきであつて、いやしくも権限を逸脱して、思想、信教、集会、結社、表現及び学問の自由並びに勤労者の団結し、及び団体行動をする権利その他日本国憲法の保障する国民の自由と権利を、不当に制限するようなことがあつてはならない。
- The control and investigations for control under this Act shall be conducted only to the minimum extent necessary to achieve the purpose prescribed in Article 1, and shall not under any circumstances whatsoever be carried out, in deviation from the prescribed authority, to unlawfully infringe freedom of thought, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of expression, academic freedom, the right of workers to organize and act collectively, or any other liberty or right of the people which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan.
- 当時の政府発表(最終のもの)によれば、大嘗祭が「国事行為」とされなかった理由は、憲法上の天皇の「国事行為」とは漠然と国に関わる行為を指すものではなく、すべて「内閣の助言と承認」を必要とするものであり、皇室の伝統祭祀である大嘗祭は「国事行為」に当たらない(大嘗祭は政務上の「国事行為」と次元を異にする尊貴な行為である)ためである。
- According to the final announcement of the government at that time, the Onie no matsuri Festival was not considered as a state act, because unlike the emperor's state acts, which were not related to the state vaguely but needed advisement and authorization of the ministry, the Onie no matsuri Festival, a traditional noble ritual, was in a different category to the state acts belonging to the affairs of State, and thus was not considered as a state act.
- しかし、松方デフレ等の影響で没落した農家・地主たちや疲弊した地方を尻目に官営事業の払下げで急速に力をつけてきた政商資本家の台頭という資本主義経済における自由競争の負の部分が顕在化しつつあった当時の状況や、大日本帝国憲法では天皇制を定め、近代天皇制国家の形成が進められていたことから、施行延期派を支持する声が段々と強まるようになっていく。
- However, more and more people supported the Seko-enki-ha Group, because of the then situation that in spite of peasants and landowners who were brought to ruin and local regions impoverished by Matsukata Deflation, and the appearance of businessmen with political ties who were rapidly increasing power by getting government properties cheaply, a negative part of free competition in capitalist economy, and the fact that in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan the Emperor system was adopted and the formation of the modern Emperor-system nation was on going.
- 長官である上卿には大納言・三条公教が就任、実務を担当する弁官からは右中弁・藤原惟方、左少弁・源雅頼、右少弁・藤原俊憲(信西の嫡子)が起用され、その下で21人の寄人が荘園領主から提出された文書の審査、本所間の争論の裁判にあたった(後白河が「暗主」であるという信西の言葉は、この記録所の寄人だった清原頼業が九条兼実に後年語ったものである)。
- The Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Kiminori SANJO was appointed the highest lord of the Records Office, while the officials in fact responsible for running the office day to day, the controllers and so forth, included FUJIWARA no Korekata, appointed as Uchuben (Middle Controller of the Right), MINAMOTO no Masayori as Sashoben (third-ranked officer of the left), and FUJIWARA no Toshinori (Shinzei's own son and heir) as Ushoben (third-ranked officer of the right); under these officials, 21 Yoriudo (clerks) worked, inspecting the land deed documents submitted to the office from the shoen owners and judging disputed cases of ownership at the office (Shinzei's infamous comment that Goshirakawa was a 'foolish (unenlightened) ruler' was actually first mentioned by one of these Yoriudo, KIYOHARA no Yorinari, who repeated it years later to Kanezane KUJO).
- 天皇は後に、「それが実は、あの詔書の一番の目的であって、神格とかそういうことは二の問題でした。(中略)民主主義を採用したのは明治大帝の思召しである。しかも神に誓われた。そうして五箇条御誓文を発して、それが基となって明治憲法ができたんで、民主主義というものは決して輸入物ではないということを示す必要が大いにあったと思います。」と語っている。
- The emperor said later 'actually it was the purpose of the edict, so the divinity or other things came next. (snip) it was the emperor Meiji who adopted democracy. He also swore to God and issued Charter Oath of Five Articles, by which Meiji Constitution was made, so I think it was necessary to show that democracy was not imported.'
- 裁判では、食文化の一つである(と主張する)どぶろくを、憲法で保障された人権における幸福追求権において、自家生産・自家消費する事の是非に始まって、「酒税法上で設けられた様々な制限が、事実上において大量生産が可能な設備を保有できる大資本による酒類製造のみを優遇し、小規模の酒類製造業が育たないようにしている」という前田側の主張がクローズアップされている。
- This Trial argued the rights and wrongs of in-house production/consumption of Doburoku, which is (insisted as) one of food cultures, in constitutionally-guaranteed right to pursue happiness, and highlighted the Maeda' claim that 'various restrictions in the Liquor Tax Act actually favor only alcoholic liquor manufacturers with large capital that can possess equipment enabling large-scale production and prevent the development of small-scale alcoholic liquor manufacturers.'
- しかし、戦後「国民主権」を定めた日本国憲法が成立すると、君が代の歌詞について天皇を中心とした国体を讃えたものとも解釈できることから(例えば、ベン・アミー・シロニーは、『君が代』皇統の永続性(万世一系)がテーマであり、世界で最も短い国歌が世界で最も長命な王朝を称えることになったと解釈している)、一部の国民から、国歌にはふさわしくないとする主張がなされた。
- After the Constitution of Japan which set forth 'popular sovereignty' was formed after the War, because the words of Kimigayo can be interpreted as one that praises the national structure centering around the emperor (For example, Ben-Ami Shillony interpreted that its theme was the perpetuity of 'Kimigayo' imperial line (unbroken imperial line) and that the national anthem which was shortest in the world came to praise the dynasty which lasted for the longest period in the world) certain people assert that it was not suitable as the national anthem.
- 検察官は、外国受刑者(外国において懲役刑若しくは禁錮刑又はこれらに相当する刑の執行として拘禁されている者をいう。以下同じ。)であつて日本国の刑事手続において証人として尋問する旨の決定があつたものについて、受刑者証人移送として当該外国の官憲から当該外国受刑者の引渡しを受けたときは、あらかじめ発する受入移送拘禁状により、当該外国受刑者を拘禁しなければならない。
- A public prosecutor shall confine, based on a detention notice for received transfer issued in advance, a foreign sentenced inmate (hereinafter refers to a person confined for execution of a sentence of imprisonment with or without work or its equivalent in a foreign state) for whom a decision for examination as a witness in a criminal proceeding in Japan has been made, after receiving the handover of such foreign sentenced inmate from an official of the foreign state for transfer of the sentenced inmate for testimony.
- 由利は後の著書「英雄観」で「庶民をして各志を遂げ人心をして倦まざらしむべしとは、治国の要道であって、古今東西の善由利は後の著書「英雄観」で「庶民をして各志を遂げ人心をして倦まざらしむべしとは、治国の要道であって、古今東西の善政は悉くこの一言に帰着するのである。みよ、立憲政じゃというても、あるいは名君の仁政じゃといっても、要はこれに他ならぬのである。」と述べている。政は悉くこの一言に帰着するのである。
- Yuri wrote later in his book 'Heroism,' 'The common people shall all be allowed to pursue their own calling so that there may be no discontent means a important way to lead a nation, and Good government of all ages and countries comes back to this. Look, constitutional government as well as benevolent rule of wise ruler are neither more nor less than this.' and all politics lead to this after all.
- 代表的なコレクションとして、帝国図書館から引き継いだ旧藩校蔵書、江戸幕府引継書類、本草学関連の古書からなる伊藤文庫・白井文庫や、戦後の国会図書館が議会のための図書館であるという性格から重点的に受け入れた近代政治史関連史資料からなる憲政資料、国内外の議会・法令関係資料、支部上野図書館で旧蔵していたバレエ・シャンソン関連資料の蘆原英了コレクション、出版文化史資料を中心とする布川文庫(布川角左衛門旧蔵書)などがある。
- Major collections include the following: stock of the old Han schools (schools of the feudal domains) and the Tokugawa Shogunate Succession Documents that were inherited from the former Imperial Library; the Ito Bunko (Ito collection) and the Shirai Bunko (Shirai collection), consisting of old books on herbalism; the Modern Political and Constitutional History, comprising materials on the modern political history, which were collected as a high priority considering the nature of a post-war national library as a facility for the Diet; the collection of official gazettes and statutes of Japan and foreign countries; the Ashihara Eiryo Collection, a collection of materials related to ballet and chanson inherited from the Ueno Branch Library; and the Nunokawa Bunko (Nunokawa collection) (the collection formerly possessed by Kakuzaemon NUNOKAWA), which concentrated on materials related to the history of publications and culture.
- しかし、そのおよそ2週間後の6月29日に「(「君」とは)『日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴であり、その地位が主権の存する国民の総意に基づく天皇のことを指す』『『代』は本来、時間的概念だが、転じて『国』を表す意味もある。『君が代』は、日本国民の総意に基づき天皇を日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴する我が国のこととなる』(君が代の歌詞を)『我が国の末永い繁栄と平和を祈念したものと解するのが適当』」と変更した。
- On June 29, approximately two weeks after that, however, it was changed as ''Kimi' means the emperor who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving this position from the will of the people with whom resides the sovereign power 'and 'Although 'yo' is originally a temporal concept, it has also a transferred the meaning of 'state'. It is appropriate 'to understand (words of Kimigayo) them as hope for the long-lasting prosperity of Japan, which has the emperor as the symbol of the State and the unity of the people and peace.'
- 「日本の憲法は御承知のごとく五箇条の御誓文から出発したものと云ってもよいのでありますが、いわゆる五箇条の御誓文なるものは、日本の歴史、日本の国情をただ文字に現わしただけの話でありまして、御誓文の精神、それが日本国の国体であります。日本国そのものであったのであります。この御誓文を見ましても、日本国は民主主義であり、デモクラシーそのものであり、あえて君権政治とか、あるいは圧制政治の国体でなかったことは明瞭であります」と答弁した。
- He answered 'As you know, it can be said that the Constitution of Japan started from Charter Oath. So-called Charter Oath of Five Articles was just written expressing the history and the state of affairs of Japan. The spirit of Charter Oath itself is the national policy of Japan and what Japan is. Seeing Charter Oath, Japan is a democratic country and democracy itself. It is obvious that the national policy was not monarchy or repressive government.'
- 第二十条第四項の規定による国内受刑者の要請国の官憲への引渡しは、刑事収容施設及び被収容者等の処遇に関する法律(平成十七年法律第五十号)第五十二条 、第五十三条第一項(同法第百三十二条第六項において準用する場合を含む。)及び第二項、第八十五条第一項、第九十八条第一項、第二項及び第四項、第百条第四項、第百三十二条第三項、第五項及び第七項、第百六十四条第一項(同法第百六十五条第三項において準用する場合も含む。)、第百六十六条第三項(同法第百六十七条第四項及び第百六十八条第四項において準用する場合を含む。)、第百七十一条、第百七十四条並びに第百七十五条の規定の適用については、釈放でないものとみなす。
- With regard to the application of the Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees (Act No. 50 of 2005), Article 52, paragraph (1) of Article 53(including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (6) of Article 132 of the Act) , paragraph (2) of Article 53, paragraph (1) of Article 85, paragraphs (1), (2) and (4) of Article 98, paragraph (4) of Article 100, paragraphs (3), (5) and (7) of Article 132, paragraph (1) of Article 164 (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of Article 165 of the Act), paragraph (3) of Article 166 (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (4) of Article 167 and paragraph (4) of Article 168 of the Act), Articles 171, 174 and 175, the handover of a domestic sentenced inmate to an official of the requesting country pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 20 shall not be deemed to be a release.
- 刑事収容施設及び被収容者等の処遇に関する法律第五十四条(第一項第二号及び第三号を除く。)、第五十五条、第九十八条第五項(第一号に係る部分に限る。)、第九十九条、第百三十二条第四項から第七項まで及び第百七十六条の規定は、第二十条第四項の規定により要請国の官憲に引き渡した国内受刑者が逃走し、又は死亡した場合におけるその者に係る遺留物、作業報奨金又は発受を禁止し、若しくは差し止めた信書、削除した信書の部分若しくは抹消した信書の部分の複製について準用する。この場合において、同法第百三十二条第五項第二号及び第七項中「第五十四条第一項各号のいずれか」とあるのは「第五十四条第一項第一号」と、同条第六項中「第五十四条第一項」とあるのは「第五十四条第一項(第二号及び第三号を除く。)」と読み替えるものとする。
- Article 54 (except for items (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (1)), Article 55, paragraph (5) of Article 98 (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), Article 99, paragraphs (4) to (7) inclusive of Article 132 and Article 176 of the Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees shall apply mutatis mutandis to the personal effects left behind , remuneration, prohibited or suspended correspondence, or reproduction of the deleted or erased part of correspondence, in the case of a domestic sentenced inmate, who has been handed over to an official of the requesting country pursuant to paragraph (4) of Article 20, escaping or dying. In this case, the term 'any of the items in paragraph (1) of Article 54' in paragraph (5), item (ii) and paragraph (7) of Article 132 of the Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'paragraph (1), item (i) of Article 54', and the term 'paragraph (1) of Article 54' in paragraph (6) of Article 132 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'paragraph (1) of Article 54 (except for items (ii) and (iii))'.
- Article 54 (except for items (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (1)), Article 55, paragraph (5) of Article 98 (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), Article 99, paragraphs (4) to (7) inclusive of Article 132 and Article 176 of the Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees shall apply mutatis mutandis to the personal effects left behind , remuneration, prohibited or suspended correspondence, or reproduction of the deleted or erased part of correspondence, in the case of a domestic sentenced inmate, who has been handed over to an official of the requesting country pursuant to paragraph (4) of Article 20, escaping or dying. In this case, the term "any of the items in paragraph (1) of Article 54" in paragraph (5), item (ii) and paragraph (7) of Article 132 of the Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (1), item (i) of Article 54", and the term "paragraph (1) of Article 54" in paragraph (6) of Article 132 shall be deemed to be replaced with "paragraph (1) of Article 54 (except for items (ii) and (iii))".
- 現在東京本館にある専門室は、本館2階に科学技術・経済情報室(科学技術及び経済社会関係の参考図書、科学技術関係の抄録・索引誌)と人文総合情報室(総記・人文科学分野の参考図書類、図書館・図書館情報学関係の主要雑誌等)、本館3階に古典籍資料室(貴重書、準貴重書、江戸期以前の和古書、清代以前の漢籍等)、本館4階に地図室(一枚ものの地図、住宅地図等)と憲政史料室(日本近現代政治史料、日本占領関係資料、日系移民関係資料)、新館1階に音楽・映像資料室(レコード、CD、ビデオ、DVD等)と電子資料室(CD-ROMなどの電子資料、電子ジャーナル等)、新館3階に議会官庁資料室(内外の議会会議録・議事資料、官公報、法令集、判例集、条約集、官庁刊行資料目録・要覧・年次報告、統計資料類、政府間国際機関刊行資料、法律・政治分野の参考図書等)、新館4階に新聞資料室(新聞の原紙、縮刷版・復刻版、マイクロフィルム、新聞切抜資料)、の計9室である。
- Nine special materials rooms are currently available in the Tokyo Main Library, as follows: the Business, Science and Technology Room (reference books on business and social science, science and technology; abstracts and indexes of science and technology) and the Humanities Room (reference books on general subjects and humanities; core journals of library and information science) on the second floor of the main building; the Rare Books and Old Materials Room (rare books, semi-rare books, Japanese old books up to the Edo period, Chinese old books up to the Qing dynasty, etc.) on the third floor of the main building; the Map Room (single-sheet maps and residential maps) and the Modern Japanese Political History Materials Room (Kensei-shiryoshitsu) (documents and microfilms related to modern Japanese political history, microfilms of GHQ documents and materials related to Japanese immigrants) on the fourth floor of the main building; the Audio-Visual Materials Room (phonograph records, CDs, DVDs, VHS tapes, etc.) and the Electronic Resources Room (electronic resources such as CD-ROMs, electronic journals, etc.) on the first floor of the Annex; the Parliamentary Documents and Official Publications Room (parliamentary documents, official gazettes, statutes, court reports and treaties of Japan and other countries, publication catalogues, directories, annual reports, statistics of Japanese and foreign government offices and publications of international organizations, reference books on law and politics, etc.) on the third floor of the Annex; and the Newspaper Reading Room (Newspapers (original, reduced and reprinted edition and microfilm), newspaper clippings) on the fourth floor of the Annex.