慣: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 慣
- Ikue
- Nareru
- accustomed
- get used to
- become experienced
- 習慣
- custom
- habit
- manners
- habituation
- practice
- habitude
- observance
- order
- practise
- rule
- way
- wont
- 不慣
- inexperienced
- unfamiliar (with)
- unversed
- lacking experience
- 慣行
- customary practice
- customary practise
- habit
- traditional event
- 慣習
- usual (historical) custom
- usage
- practice
- convention
- law
- 慣れ
- practice
- practise
- experience
- habituation
- 慣性
- inertia
- inertial
- force of habit
- 慣例
- custom
- precedent
- of convention
- code
- groove
- order
- tradition
- 慣れて
- be at home in [on, with] ~
- 手慣し
- practice
- practise
- exercise
- training
- 商慣習
- commercial practice
- commercial practise
- commercial custom
- commercialism
- 不慣れ
- inexperienced
- unfamiliar (with)
- unversed
- lacking experience
- 場慣れ
- experience
- being accustomed (to something)
- poise in a critical situation
- 食習慣
- eating habits
- food habit
- 慣わす
- to make (someone) learn
- 慣わし
- custom
- habit
- customary practice (practise)
- 慣行犯
- habitual criminal
- recidivist
- recidivism
- habitual criminal activity
- 慣れる
- to grow accustomed (to)
- to get too familiar with
- to get used (to)
- to become domesticated
- to become tame
- used to
- breake oneself in ~
- get into the swing of it [things]
- get into the swing of ~
- season
- 慣手段
- conventional means
- usual means
- 慣習法
- common law
- customary law (in international law)
- lex non scripta
- an unwritten law
- Custom (law)
- 慣らし
- running-in
- breaking in (e.g. engine, etc.)
- accustomizing
- warming up
- 慣らう
- to imitate
- to follow
- to emulate
- 慣らす
- to accustom
- acclimate
- condition
- habituate
- familiarize
- 慣れた
- experienced
- practiced
- practised
- familiar
- 慣用法
- usage (esp. of language)
- idiom
- 慣用句
- idiomatic usage
- common usage
- idiomatic phrase
- Idiomatic phrases
- Idioms
- Proverbs
- 慣用名
- common name
- popular name
- trivial name
- 慣用音
- traditional (popularly accepted) pronunciation (e.g. of a kanji)
- 慣性系
- inertial system
- inertial frame
- Inertial frame of reference
- 慣性力
- inertia force
- inertial force
- intertia force
- force of inertia
- し慣れる
- to be used to doing
- to be experienced in
- に慣れる
- become accustomed to
- 裁判慣行
- court practices
- court routine
- 習慣脱臼
- habitual dislocation
- 手慣らし
- practice
- practise
- exercise
- training
- 手慣れる
- to get used (to)
- to get familiar with
- to get skillful with
- 耳慣れる
- to be something familiar
- 見慣れる
- to become used to seeing
- to be familiar with
- 見慣らす
- to get used to seeing
- to be familar with
- 呼慣れる
- to be used to calling (someone by a certain name)
- 口慣らし
- accustoming oneself to a certain taste
- oral drill
- 風俗習慣
- manners and customs
- customs and habits
- 聞慣れる
- to get used to hearing
- 旅慣れる
- to be accustomed to traveling (travelling)
- 読慣れる
- to be accustomed to reading
- 商慣習法
- commercial customary law
- commercial custom law
- 人慣れる
- to become accustomed to people
- 足慣らし
- walking practice
- walking practise
- warming-up
- 世慣れる
- to become used to the (ways of the) world
- to become worldly or sophisticated
- 肩慣らし
- warming or limbering up
- 下慣らし
- preparatory activity
- 慣れっこ
- being used to ...
- getting used to ...
- being accustomed to
- being conditioned to
- be familiar with
- 慣用語句
- idiom
- idiomatic phrase
- 慣用表現
- idiomatic expression
- 慣用読み
- reading of a word or kanji using its customary pronunciation (which is not necessarily correct)
- 慣性航法
- inertial navigation system
- inertia navigation
- 慣性誘導
- inertial guidance
- inertia guidance
- 水利慣行
- custom of water use
- habitual water use
- water utilization customary practice
- 習慣的な
- conventional
- customary
- habitual
- routine
- 民事慣習
- civil custom (in contrast to commercial custom)
- 裁判慣習
- procedural customs of court
- customs established through repetitions of decisions (usually substantive law)
- 慣性動作
- inertia action
- inertia travel
- 多慣性系
- multi-inertia system
- 慣性主軸
- principal axis of inertia
- 慣性効果
- ram effect
- inertia effect
- 慣性過給
- inertia supercharging
- 習慣になる
- take to ~
- habituate
- 法たる慣習
- customary law (= _kanshuu hou_)
- custom having the force of law
- 飼い慣らす
- to tame (e.g. animal)
- to domesticate
- 習慣性薬物
- addictive drug
- addictive drugs
- 習慣づける
- to make a habit of
- to make it a practice to
- accustom
- 飼い慣らし
- taming
- the taming of
- 住み慣れる
- to get used to living in
- 呼び慣れる
- to be used to calling (someone by a certain name)
- 使い慣れる
- to get accustomed to using
- 使い慣らす
- to accustom oneself to using
- to train
- to break in (horses)
- 習慣付ける
- to make a habit of
- to make it a practice to
- 聞き慣れる
- to get used to hearing
- 読み慣れる
- to be accustomed to reading
- 食べ慣れる
- to be used to eating
- to become used to eating
- to be accustomed to eating
- to acquire a taste for
- 生活習慣病
- lifestyle disease
- lifestyle-related disease
- common disease
- Lifestyle diseases
- 慣行取引き
- usual business practices (practises)
- 慣れ親しむ
- to become familiar with
- to get used to
- 慣習国際法
- customary international law
- 慣性力係数
- intertia force coefficient
- 慣行水利権
- customary water right
- customary water rights
- 裁判慣習法
- customary law (usually subst.) established through repetitions of decisions
- 慣性核融合
- inertial confinement fusion
- 慣性座標系
- inertial coordinate system
- inertial reference frame
- 慣性だ円体
- ellipsoid of inertia
- 事実たる慣習
- custom-as-fact
- custom-as-a-matter-of-fact'
- 自分を慣らす
- breake oneself in ~
- 習慣をやめる
- forsake
- kick a habit
- 統一慣習規則
- Uniform Practice Code
- 簡易慣用字体
- simplified form (of a kanji)
- any of 22 simplified non-joyo kanji variants commonly used in print
- 慣用暗号方式
- conventional cryptosystem
- 等価慣性重量
- equivalent inertia weight
- 単位慣性定数
- per-unit inertia constant
- 慣性集じん器
- inertial dust collector
- 慣性航法装置
- inertial navigation system
- INS inertial navigation system
- 慣性テンソル
- inertia tensor
- tensor of inertia
- 不公正貿易慣習
- unfair trade practices
- 習慣にしている
- make it a habit to ~
- ~に慣れている
- be accustomed to ~
- to be inured to ~
- 場慣れしている
- be at home
- experienced
- 飼い慣らされた
- broke
- housebroken
- tame
- 習うより慣れよ
- practice makes perfect (implying that it is better to learn from personal experience than from an instructor)
- Practice makes perfect.
- Custom makes all things easy.
- 慣れっこになる
- to become used to
- to become familiar with
- to grow accustomed to
- 慣性モーメント
- moment of inertia
- 慣らし運転期間
- running-in period
- 慣らし運転装置
- running-in machine
- 非慣例的な含意
- what is non-conventionally implicated
- 原動機慣性定数
- moment inertia of prime mover
- 慣性(の)中心
- center of inertia
- 慣性力選別装置
- inertial separator
- 現代での慣用表現
- Present-day Idiomatic Expressions
- 会計慣行のしん酌
- Taking into consideration accounting practices
- 世慣れした様子で
- with an air of sophistication
- 習慣は第二の天性
- Custom is a second nature.
- 悪い習慣をやめる
- drop a bad habit
- 習慣を身に着ける
- get into something
- 慣用暗号システム
- conventional cryptosystem
- 慣らし運転の方法
- running-in process
- 発話行為の慣用句
- speech act idioms
- 極慣性モーメント
- polar moment of inertia
- - 年中慣例の朝儀
- Conventional chogi held annually
- 慣用表現、スラング
- Idioms and slang
- 彼は世慣れた人だ。
- He is a man of the world.
- 慣習法としての側面
- Aspect as common law
- 公正雇用慣行委員会
- Fair Employment Practices Committee
- 慣れっこ(になる)
- be accustomed to
- 小さい時から慣れる
- cut one's teeth on ~
- 慣らし運転サービス
- running-in service
- 慣らし運転時の状態
- running-in conditions
- 慣性式自動ブレーキ
- inertial brake
- overrunning brake
- 慣性動作(継電器)
- overtravel operation
- 変えがたい制度・慣習
- law of the Medes and Persians
- 任意規定と異なる慣習
- Custom Inconsistent with Default Rules
- カメラ慣れしていない
- camera-conscious
- ~に慣れるようにする
- come to terms with ~
- 永小作権に関する慣習
- Customs regarding Emphyteusis
- 慣性小領域(乱流の)
- inertial subrange
- 彼はこの仕事に慣れた。
- He got used to the work.
- ~することに慣れている
- be used to ~ing
- 単位慣性定数(発電機)
- moment inertia of generator
- 寮生活には慣れましたか。
- Have you got used to living in the dorm?
- 彼に喫煙の習慣がついた。
- He acquired the habit of smoking.
- 彼は重労働に慣れている。
- He is accustomed to hard work.
- ~の扱い方に手慣れている
- have a way with someone
- 囲障の設置等に関する慣習
- Customs relating to Installation of Fences
- 慣れれば何でも平気になる
- Custom reconciles us to everything.
- 費用の負担についての慣習
- Customs with respect to Allocation of Expenses
- Xに体がだんだん慣れる。
- I was gradually able to get used to X.
- 輸出及び調達に関する慣行
- export and procurement practices
- 彼は自分の習慣にこだわる。
- He clings to his customs.
- 彼はその仕事に慣れている。
- He is accustomed to the work.
- 戦において行われていた慣習。
- A practice performed in battle.
- 平安時代の貴族の習慣である。
- It is a custom of nobility in Heian period.
- 彼は習慣をなかなか変えない。
- He is conservative in his habits.
- 彼は新しい生活様式に慣れた。
- He got accustomed to the new way of living.
- ~することが習慣になっている
- It is the practice to ~
- 何かが強い習慣や癖になった人
- compulsives
- 境界線付近の建築に関する慣習
- Customs relating to Construction near Boundary Lines
- 法律と同一の効力を有する慣習
- Customs Having the Same Effect as Laws
- 彼は人前で話すのに慣れている。
- He is accustomed to speaking in public.
- 彼は夜更かしをする習慣がある。
- He is in the habit of sitting up till late at night.
- 彼はたばこを吸う習慣をやめた。
- He got out of the habit of smoking.
- 漢字に慣れていたからであろう。
- I had likely gotten used to the Chinese characters.
- 自分がまだ、男の人に慣れない。
- I'm still can't figure out men.
- 彼は同僚よりもそれに慣れている。
- He is more familiar with it than his colleagues.
- 霧はロンドンで見慣れた光景だった。
- Fog was a familiar sight in London.
- 彼はその悪い習慣を止めれんかった。
- He could not get out of the bad habit.
- 彼は従来の習慣と違ったことをした。
- He departed from the old custom.
- 彼は一生懸命働くことに慣れている。
- He is accustomed to working hard.
- 彼は一日に二食しかとらない習慣だ。
- He is in the habit of eating only two meals a day.
- 彼は早寝早起きが習慣になっている。
- He is in the habit of keeping early hours.
- 彼はまだ都会の生活に慣れていない。
- He is still not accustomed to city life.
- 慣れるということは恐ろしいことだ。
- Getting used to something produces a surprising effect.
- 彼は急いで食べることに慣れている。
- He is used to eating in a rush.
- 過去の実績や慣例を考慮することなく
- zero-based
- 自分がやっと人間に慣れてきました。
- Finally, I got used to people.
- 全員が自習の習慣を身につけている。
- Everyone has very good self-study habits.
- 良い習慣は子供時代に養うべきである。
- Good habits should be cultivated in childhood.
- 彼は喫煙という悪い習慣を断ち切った。
- He broke himself of the bad habit of smoking.
- 彼は夜更かしすることに慣れています。
- He is accustomed to sitting up late.
- 彼は奥さんに飼い慣らされてしまった。
- He has been tamed by his wife.
- また、当時は切り遣いの慣行が見られた。
- There was also a custom of cutting them into small pieces and using them as another unit.
- 以後讃を絵画にいれる習慣が一般化した。
- After that the practice of adding san to a painting became common.
- 彼はその悪い習慣から抜け出せなかった。
- He could not get out of the bad habit.
- 彼は若い頃にタバコを吸う習慣がついた。
- He got into the habit of smoking in his youth.
- 女官時代の慣例で定員は12名とされた。
- A koi position was limited to twelve ladies; this was the custom in the period of nyokan.
- 同年日清修好条規の土慣らしの為に渡清。
- In the same year he visited Qing China to prepare for the agreement of the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship.
- 不慣れな環境にあって適応していけない人
- fish out of water
- 特別なカツラをかぶる習慣が長くありました
- bigwig
- 良い食習慣を持つことが不可欠なことである。
- Good eating habits are essential.
- 彼は徐々にこの田舎の生活に慣れてきている。
- He is getting used to this rural life by degrees.
- 以来、大臣・公卿が任命される慣例となった。
- Since that time, ministers or court nobles became customarily appointed to this post.
- また犬肉を食する習慣はほぼ廃れてしまった。
- In addition, the custom of eating dog meat almost became obsolete
- 当該著作物を慣行に従い継続して出版する義務
- the obligation to publish the work continuously in conformity with business practice.
- その商品又は役務について慣用されている商標
- is customarily used in connection with the goods or services;
- 慣例に従い、女児に近い格好で育てられていた。
- In accordance with the custom, he was usually dressed in girlish costumes when he was a child.
- 京都市では慣例により市議会を市会と呼称する。
- Customarily, the City Assembly is referred to as Shi-kai instead of Shigi-kai.
- 韓国と中国では誕生日を旧暦で表す習慣がある。
- In both China and Korea the birthday is expressed in the old calendar.
- 以来、遊行上人による実盛の供養が慣例化した。
- Thereafter holding a memorial service for Sanetomo by Yugyo Shonin, high priests of the Ji sect, became a custom.
- しかしながら、長い間蔓延した習慣であもあった。
- However, carrying out the erizeni act had also become customary among the general public for a long period of time.
- 前近代の慣例はここに廃止されたものと解される。
- It is believed that pre-modern customs were abandoned at around this time.
- 慣用句として『雁首をたれる』という表現がある。
- There is an idiom of 'gankubi o tareru' meaning 'hang head down.'
- 当時の習慣として、歌垣という集団行事があった。
- There was a group event called Utagaki (dancing and singing feast of young men and women) as one of the customs in those days.
- 慣れ親しんでもらうために社内などを案内すること
- fam-tour
- 就任時には、長者杖が贈られる慣習となっている。
- Customarily, he is given the staff of the chief abbot at the time of inauguration.
- しかし、その後も小作料を年貢と呼ぶ慣習が残った。
- However, the custom of calling the farm rent as the nengu continued to survive.
- 往々にして、他者は己と違った言語と習慣を有する。
- Frequently, other people possessed languages and customs that were different than one's own.
- 中世においては成文法と慣習法の不一致が見られた。
- In the medieval times, there was a discrepancy between written code and common law.
- しかし、慣例としてこれに準じた儀礼が採用された。
- However, rites based on these ordinances were adopted as customary practices.
- 江戸落語と上方落語には小道具や慣習に違いがある。
- Edo rakugo (rakugo performed in Edo) and Kamigata rakugo (that performed in the Kyoto and Osaka region) differ in terms of props and routines.
- 編製年の干支「壬申」から「壬申戸籍」と呼び慣わす。
- From the Oriental zodiac 'Jinshin' of its compiled year, it is called a 'Jinshin-koseki.'
- 以後、歴代院主が醍醐寺座主を兼ねる慣例が成立する。
- The custom later became established that the successive head priests of Godai-ji Temple also served as head priests of Sanbo-in Temple.
- また、喫茶の習慣を日本に伝えたことでも有名である。
- He was also famous for conveying the custom of tea drinking throughout Japan.
- 慣例としては10月から5月までの間に着るものである。
- As a matter of practice, people wear it from October through May of the next year.
- このような君主を、日本語で「皇帝」と訳す慣習がある。
- Such a monarch is customarily translated as 'Kotei' (皇帝) in Japanese.
- 後にこうした寺院の慣習が武士に対しても影響を与えた。
- This practice of assigning Nenyo in temples had an influence on samurai warriors in later years.
- その地が広い場合または狭い場合は、地域の慣習法に従う。
- In areas where lots of land is available or in areas where not enough land is available, the common law in the area should be followed.
- 引眉しないので半元服の習慣が現代に残るものと見てよい。
- Since they do not practice the hikimayu (plucking of eyebrows to paint them), one can say that the tayu's make-up keeps the tradition of the han-genpuku (semi-genpuku ceremony, in which women, when getting married, dyed their teeth black, did up their hair, but did not shave eyebrows).
- 発射準備をおこなうことを慣用句で「火蓋を切る」という。
- Colloquial expression for preparing to fire is 'hibuta o kiru,' which means to take off the cover of the flash pan.
- こうした習慣は南北朝時代 (日本)まで続いたとされる。
- This system is believed to have continued until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- しかし、『清経』のみは演じられない慣わしとなっている。
- However 'Kiyotsune' (a Noh piece) is not played as a tradition.
- 清心と十六夜は当代の人気役者が演じるのが慣行となった。
- Traditionally, the roles of Seishin and Izayoi have been acted by popular actors of each age.
- 「征夷大将軍になれるのは清和源氏」という慣例があった。
- It was customary that only a person in the lineage of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) could become Seii taishogun.
- また地域の檀家の慣習としても、回数が異なる場合がある。
- Frequency could be different depending on the practices of local parishioners.
- 荘園領主は、公共法や地域慣習にのっとり裁判も行っていた。
- The lords of shoens also held trials based on common law or regional customs.
- 以降、近衛家と九条家が交代で摂関を務めるのが慣例化した。
- After this, it became customary for the Konoe family and the Kujo family to alternately hold the posts of Sessho and Kanpaku.
- しかし、慣習的に「村田珠光」という呼び方が広まっている。
- In practice, however, he has been called 'Juko MURATA.'
- 尚復を務めた者が次回の博士・都講を務めるのが慣例であった。
- As the common practice of the function, a person who played a role of shofuku in a function would act as hakase or toko in the following function.
- 古くなったり、使い終わった後は廃棄されるのが慣例であった。
- Conventionally it was disposed when it becomes old or after use.
- 慣れた人になると二本の包丁を使い、リズムを取りながら行う。
- An experienced person can use two knives rhythmically.
- 1.風俗慣習のうち、次の各号のいずれかに該当し、重要なもの
- 1. Important manners and customs that are applicable to one of the following
- ただし、土地の慣習・先例がある場合は、新補率法に優先した。
- However, local customs and precedents were given priority over these newly adopted rules.
- 公侯爵議員も現役軍人たる議員は出席しない慣例になっていた。
- If prince and marquis councilors were military men, it was customary practice for them not to attend.
- 歌のどの部分を強調するかに対して各種の慣用的呼び方がある。
- Similar techniques are referred to by different names depending on where emphasis is placed in the poem.
- また、武勲を褒め称える感状の授与も鎌倉時代以降の慣習である。
- The grant of written testimonials praising outstanding military services was instituted in the Kamakura period and onwards.
- 位牌、法事など、先祖供養に関わる重要な習慣が儒教起源である。
- The Buddhist mortuary tablet, memorial service, and other important rites for ancestors originated in Confucianism.
- 朝敵討伐の証として、天皇から官軍の大将に下賜する慣習がある。
- It was customary in Japan that an emperor bestowed it on his military commanders as proof of putting down emperor's enemy.
- 菊の着綿(きくのきせわた)とは重陽の節句に行われる宮中の習慣。
- Kiku no Kisewata is a custom of the Imperial Court held in Chrysanthemum Festival.
- 本当に飲み慣れた日本人であれば熱くても吹くような習慣は乏しい。
- Any Japanese regular drinkers rarely blow on his/her coffee even if it is hot.
- 岩手を中心とした日本の風俗習慣や価値観をしめす、民俗学でもある。
- It is a work of folklore that demonstrates Japanese values, mode of life and customs mainly in Iwate.
- ここに至り、清和源氏が武家の棟梁となる慣習が確立したと言われる。
- It is said that a custom was established then to have the head of the samurai family from Seiwa-Genji.
- これ以降、老中首座が勝手掛を兼務するという慣例が崩れることになる
- After his time, the convention that Roju shuza served also as Kattegakari faded away.
- 雑賀党の首領は代々、「雑賀孫一」を名乗ることが慣例となっていた。
- For generations, it was customary for the chieftain of Saikato to call himself 'Magoichi SAIKA' (written as 雑賀孫一).
- すなわち朝鮮側は、この時の慣例を条文化したものだと認識していた。
- That was to say, Korea perceived that the custom at that time was provided in the treaty.
- 庄屋・名主の選出方法は、個々の村々の慣習に委ねられることが多い。
- The procedures for the selection of a Shoya or Nanushi were often dependent upon the customs of each individual village.
- 日本に歯磨き洗面、食事の際の作法や掃除の習慣を広めたといわれる。
- He is reputed to have been the one that spread the practices of tooth brushing, face washing, table manners and cleaning in Japan.
- 従前から日本でも利子付き貸借の慣行が存在していたと考えられている。
- The system of loaning is widely believed to have already existed in Japan before the enforcement of the Yoro-ritsuryo-zoryo.
- なお、通常は側近である侍臣による副状が添付されるのが慣例であった。
- It was customary that, under normal circumstances, a Gonaisho was issued with an accompanying letter by an attendant who was a close aide to the shogun.
- 以上の者は自らの歌の披講の際は起立し、天皇に一礼する慣わしである。
- It is a time-honored practice that a person stands up and makes a bow to the emperor just before his or her poem is recited.
- 来客者、季節、昼夜の時間を考慮して掛軸を取り替える習慣が生まれた。
- Changing kakejiku to match the guests, seasons and the time of day became customary.
- 儀式では袴を着用した子が碁盤に上がり、飛び降りるのが慣わしである。
- In the ceremony, it is customary for the child in the hakama to step on a go board and then jump down from it.
- 古代においては、殯宮を設置して1年間遺体を安置する慣わしであった。
- It was an ancient tradition to build a hinkyu (temporary imperial mortuary) to enshrine the remains of the deceased for one year.
- そのため、公共交通は大晦日に限り深夜も休まず運行される慣習がある。
- Because of the practice of ninen mairi, there is a custom of having public transportation on New Year's Eve run all through the night without any stoppage.
- このことから「鷁退(逆退とも, げきたい)」という慣例が生まれた。
- This practice was known as Gyakutai.
- この日は六曜の中で最も凶の日とされ、婚礼などの祝儀を忌む習慣がある。
- The day is thought to be the worst day in rokuyo and celebrations like wedding are to be avoided on that day as customs.
- こうした、「鷁退(逆退とも。げきたい)」という慣例が生まれたという。
- Thus, the custom of gekitai (that the sixth rank kurodo declines the peerage and gets demoted to Shinkurodo in order to remain as Tenjobito) sprang up.
- 仙台などでは七夕に魔除けや子供の健康を願って素麺を食べる習慣がある。
- There is the custom of eating somen during Tanabata praying for exorcism and health of children in Sendai.
- また共通語で言う「後ろ・奥」を「うら」と言い、慣れない人は混乱する。
- The word 'Ura' in Maizuru dialect means 'ushiro or oku' ('behind' or 'back') in the common language, which causes confusion to unaccustomed people.
- この日より囲炉裏を開いて、炉で鍋を焼き、火鉢で火を盛る習慣があった。
- People had a custom to put a light in irori (an open hearth), to heat a pot hung over it, and to put lighted charcoal in a brazier.
- 人々は偶像崇拝者で外見がよく、礼儀正しいが、人肉を食べる習慣がある。
- People on the island worshiped idols and were good-looking and polite, but they had a man-eating custom.
- 信託の会計は、一般に公正妥当と認められる会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting for a trust shall be subject to accounting practices that are generally accepted as fair and appropriate.
- 組合の会計は、一般に公正妥当と認められる会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting of a cooperative shall be in accordance with accounting practices that are generally accepted as fair and appropriate.
- これにより江戸時代から続く水呑に関する身分慣習及び制度は終焉を迎えた。
- Because of the law, the custom and system concerning Mizunomi came to an end.
- 巡爵(じゅんしゃく)とは平安時代初期に成立した蔵人の叙位に関する慣例。
- Junshaku is a customary practice of conferring a Court rank on kurodo (chamberlain), which developed in the early Heian period.
- 菊を服用するなどして薬効を得るのはもとは中国の習慣であったと思われる。
- Gaining the medicinal effect of chrysanthemum by taking it, and so on, is believed originally as a custom in China.
- 物品を人に見せ示すのに、硯箱に載せて、また蓋に載せて出す慣習もあった。
- There used to be a practice under which a person showed a certain article to other persons by putting it on suzuribako or its lid.
- そのため佐渡では、男性でもお歯黒をつける慣わしがあったといわれている。
- So in Sadoga-shima Island, even men - as well as women - customarily painted their teeth black, they say.
- 1日3食が普遍的慣習となった20世紀後半より現在ではその意味は薄れた。
- It has not used in the original meaning since the latter half of the 20th century up to now when people have come to eat meals universally three times a day.
- 上総国に任じられるが当時の上級国司の慣行であった遙任をせず任地へ下向。
- He was appointed to Kazusa Province, however he went straight to his post instead of remaining in the city to manage the post from there, which was the custom of previous upper grade provincial governors.
- そして何らかの祈願を行い、祈願が叶うと目を書き入れるという習慣がある。
- Traditionally, the purchaser paints in one eye, making some special wish, and when the wish is fulfilled, paints in the other eye.
- 学術的な文書では現在では「アマテラス」と片仮名書きが慣行となっている。
- In academic documents she is now customarily spelled 'アマテラス' in katakana.
- 5年前後で関白職を辞する当時の慣例としては異常な長期間、同職を務めた。
- Although other chancellors of those days had customarily resigned in about five years, he remained in office for an exceptionally long period.
- そこで便宜上、姓である平氏を使って平頼綱と記すことが慣例となっている。
- For these reasons he is conventionally called TAIRA no Yoritsuna based on his honsei.
- なお、棋譜は全く残っておらず、当時は棋譜を残す慣習もなかったとされる。
- The records of games of shogi were not left, and it seems not to have been common to leave such records in those days.
- 他に禅宗寺院では「祝麺」と呼んで祝い事の昼食に素麺を食べる習慣がある。
- Furthermore, there is a custom of eating somen called 'celebration noodles' for lunch in a celebration event in Temples of the Zen sect.
- 盂蘭盆会の精霊膳やえびす講の供膳にそうめんを供する習慣は全国に見られる。
- The custom of offering somen on a tray used for serving as one of the Buddhist altar fittings in Urabon-e festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Souls' Day, around the fifteenth of July or August, depending on local customs) and Ebisu ko (a fete in honor of Ebisu for the purpose of asking for good fortune) is observed nationwide.
- 第一親等の皇族でありながらも、当時の慣例に倣って源氏姓を賜り、臣籍降下。
- Though he was a member of the imperial family and maintained a first degree relationship, he was given the family name of Minamoto following the practices of the times and he became subject of the state.
- この慣習に従い、政治実務から棚上げにされた人物の例として兼明親王がいる。
- An example of one person who, following this custom, was put aside from political affairs, was Imperial Prince Kaneakira.
- (中国で国を九分して治める習慣から九州=天下、(参考→九州 (中国)))
- (Since the country was customarily divided into nine areas and reigned in China, Kyushu was associated with tenka (realm) (reference; Kyushu [China])
- 神域は裸足で参拝しなければならないとの慣わしが現在も厳しく守られている。
- Even now, a custom in which people have to be barefoot to visit the holly precincts of the shrine is strictly observed.
- そのことから、慣用句として使われるうだつがあがらないの語源となっている。
- The idiomatic expression of Udatsu-ga-agaranai originated from such a situation.
- 慣れない商売に手を出して失敗すると「士族の商法」と揶揄されることもあった。
- Those who started an unfamiliar business and failed in the business were ridiculed because of Shizoku no shoho (the former-samurai way of business).
- 言語や習慣の異なる者に対して、古代人は畏敬の念と共に、不可触の念を抱いた。
- The ancient people felt they conveyed a sense of awe, as if they were untouchable by those who had different languages and customs.
- 江戸期以来の慣行として、流儀の謡本は宗家のみに版権が帰属するとされていた。
- Since the Edo period, copyright of Utai-bon of the school was customarily considered to belong exclusively to the Soke.
- 押借(おしが)り強請(ねだり)やぁ習おうより 慣れた時代(じでえ)の源氏店
- Around the time when I got accustomed to extortion, I entered Genjidana.
- 若年の頼家による従来の習慣を無視した独裁的判断が御家人たちの反発を招いた。
- The dictatorial overtone of young Yoriie, who ignored conventional customs, led to the objections of the gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate throughout the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods).
- また摂家の子息は参議を経ないで中将から中納言に任官される慣例ができていた。
- Additionally, it was customary for the sons of Sekke (line of regents and advisers) to be assigned as Chunagon from Chujo (Middle Captain) without experiencing Sangi.
- 文房では欠かせない中国茶や香の習慣は味覚や嗅覚までに雅俗認識が及んでいる。
- The customs of Chinese tea and incense which are significant part of Bunbo show that the sense of elegance and vulgarian prevailed even in taste sense and olfactory sense.
- この観点から近年、下克上をこの慣行による現象とする理解が広まってきている。
- Based on this point of view, gekokujo is now generally understood as the phenomenon caused by this practice of shukun oshikome.
- 銭座では寛永通寳の鋳造高の約一割を運上として幕府に納めるのが慣行であった。
- In ginza, about 10 % of minted amount of kaneitsukan was presented as tax to bakufu generally,
- 地域によっては、他宗の習慣同様に、線香を三等分になるように折る場合もある。
- Depending on the region, an incense stick is broken into three pieces like the practice in other sects.
- 反面、自由農民も荘園の裁判権や慣習に従属し、賃借に伴う借金を負わされていた。
- However, free farmers also belonged to the jurisdiction or custom of shoens and were put in debt for the lease.
- 下剋上を鎌倉期から武家社会に見られた主君押込め慣行として理解する見解もある。
- One point of view holds that the custom of shukun oshikome (shutting away/neutralizing one's lord) often seen among the warrior society in the Kamakura period is another type of gekokujo.
- そのため、伝奏が将軍に対して直接天皇・上皇の意向を伝達するのが慣例となった。
- Therefore, it became customary for the tenso to directly relay the intention of the emperor or retired emperor.
- しかし、おおよそ平安時代には言及が慣例化し、江戸時代まで続いたことが伺える。
- However, around at the Heian period, the citation to the code (in the edict) was established as a rule, and it had been practiced until the Edo period.
- 住職は、室町期以降二条家の猶子となり、妙法院門跡の許で得度する慣習があった。
- After the Muromachi period, there was a custom that the chief priest was adopted into the Nijo family and entered the Buddhist priesthood under the head priest of Myoho-in Temple.
- 日本には古代から現代に至るまで神前に肉を供える習慣はなく、中国の風習である。
- This is a Chinese custom, because there was no such custom in Japan from ancient times to the present.
- このとき石湯は節刀を賜り、その後の蝦夷征討では節刀を賜ることが慣例となった。
- At this time, Iwayu was granted setto (a sword given by the emperor in the symbol of his trust to the appointment of someone to a mission), and after this, granting setto in the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in eastern Japan became a custom.
- 尚、生類憐みの令がきっかけで庶民にも犬を飼う習慣が出来たとする説も存在する。
- Additionally, there is a theory that the custom of common people keeping dogs started with the introduction of this law.
- 義盛は罪人の屋敷は一族に下げ渡される慣わしであるとして自分に賜るよう求めた。
- Yoshimori asked Sanetomo to give Tanenaga's residence to him because criminals' residences were traditionally to be handed down to a family member.
- 投資法人の会計は、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting of an Investment Corporation shall be subject to business accounting practices which are generally accepted as being fair and appropriate.
- 法令の規定により又は慣行として公にされ、又は公にすることが予定されている情報
- Information that is made public, or information that is scheduled to be made public, pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations or by custom.
- 監査法人の会計は、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting of an audit corporation shall be made in accordance with the generally accepted accounting practices for business enterprises.
- 近代化を急ぐあまり、固有の慣習から乖離した、地方の実情に合わない制度であった。
- The system did not fit into the reality of regions and disregarded customs unique to them, as the government was in a hurry for modernizing the nation.
- 中世には、4人の六位蔵人のうち、行幸では3人まで着用できるなどの慣例があった。
- In the medieval period, there was a custom that three out of four Rokui no Kurodo could wear the Kikujin no ho at the Gyoko.
- 後の名人がこれに倣った事で、名人が幕府に作品集を献上するという慣習が生まれた。
- Later shogi masters did the same, leading to generation of a new custom in which masters created and offered exercise books to the bakufu.
- 10代目以降は「我童家」と「我當家」が交互に名跡を継ぐのが慣わしとなっている。
- Since the tenth, this professional name has been customarily succeeded by 'the Gado family' and 'the Gato family' alternately.
- また、後世には地下家の者が従三位以上に達しても昇殿を許されない慣例が成立した。
- In later years it became an established custom that shoden was not given to members of Jige family even if they reached jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or above.
- ゆえに中世における公家法は慣習法的要素が強いということを指摘することができる。
- Therefore, it can be pointed out that the court noble law in the medieval period had strong nature of common law.
- 主君が病死等自然死の場合に、追い腹を切る習慣は、戦国時代_(日本)になかった。
- In the Sengoku period (the Warring States period [in Japan]), there was not a custom to commit the oibara (hara-kiri to follow the deceased master) when a master died of natural causes such as die of disease.
- 式部大輔は儒学者で天皇の侍読(家庭教師)を務めた者が就任する慣例となっていた。
- Confucian scholar who served as an emperor's jidoku (imperial tutor) conventionally assumed the post of Shikibu no Taifu.
- 昇殿が許された堂上家および殿上人を公家と呼ぶ慣わしは、江戸時代まで継続している。
- Such tradition to call Toshoke and tenjobito which were allowed access to the Imperial Court 'kuge' continued to the Edo period.
- 古い時代から海上交通の比重が高く、沿岸部では海の船上生活に慣れた海民が活躍した。
- Because of this, in Korea marine traffic played an important role in the transportation from ancient times, and in the coastal areas kaimin (people of the sea) who were used to life at sea flourished.
- おやつの習慣は元々が和時計における「八時(やつどき=午後2時前後)」に由来する。
- The term 'oyatsu' originated in the custom made at yatsudoki (about two p. m.) according to the Japanese clock.
- パンの代わりに飯を皿に盛り、料理をおかずとして交互に食べるという慣習も生まれた。
- The custom to serve rice on a dish instead of bread, and to eat rice and the western food as side dishes one after the other was also created.
- needless to sayは不定詞の慣用表現として紹介されることが多いです。
- 'needless to say' is often introduced as an idiomatic expression in the infinitive.
- 戦国時代には乱妨取の習慣による人身売買が行われていたが、江戸幕府はこれを禁じた。
- In the Sengoku period, humans were trafficked due to habit of ranbodori (pillage by soldiers after battles) but the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) prohibited human trafficking.
- 平安時代末期には弁官(大弁または中弁)から選ばれる頭弁と並びたつ慣例が生まれた。
- Towards the end of the Heian period, it became customary that another 'Kurodo no to' post was given to 'To no ben' selected from the persons at the Benkan post (a post for civil officers: daiben (Major Controller) or chuben (Middle Controller)).
- もともと遊女には古くは平安時代から本名とは異なる優雅な名前を名乗る習慣があった。
- Initially in the bygone Heian period there was a custom that prostitutes assumed elegant names.
- 1900年前後に議院内閣制の慣行が確立されると政党内閣による政権運営が定着した。
- Around 1900, when the parliamentary cabinet system became customary, the governmental management by party cabinets was firmly established.
- しかしこの当時の、作品に作者の名を出さない慣習から、近松作品は特定されていない。
- However, because the custom of the time was that the name of a playwright was not credited with a play, Monzaemon's works were not identified.
- 永平寺では承陽殿(道元の廟所)入口の扉を常に少し開けておく事が慣例となっている。
- At Eihei-ji Temple, keeping the entrance door of Shoyoden (mausoleum of Dogen) slightly open is a custom.
- 特定目的会社の会計は、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting of a Specific Purpose Company shall be subject to the business accounting practices that are generally accepted as fair and appropriate.
- 慣性航法装置による自動操縦等により、自律的な飛行制御能力及び航行能力を有するもの
- Unmanned aerial vehicles having autonomic aviation control capability and flight capability through use of an autopilot based on an inertial navigation device
- この慣習がいつ始まったかは定かではないが、江戸時代には既に定着していたようである。
- It is unknown when this custom was started, but it seems that it had already been fixed in the Edo period.
- また従来ほとんど例が無かった宮中の儀式・習慣・故実を題材とした点でも知られている。
- It is also known as the first-ever utaawase in which ceremonies, customs and historical events at the Imperial Court were used as subject matter.
- 中世を通して、所領支配を指して知行・領知・領掌・進止などと呼ぶ慣習は続いていった。
- The custom of calling territorial control as chigyo, ryochi, ryosho, or shinshi continued throughout the medieval period.
- 大正天皇との夫婦仲は至って良好で、慣例を打ち破って夫の身辺の世話を自ら見たという。
- The Emperor Taisho and the Empress Teimei lived happily together as husband and wife, and the Empress Teimei seemed to break with Imperial court custom, as she took if upon herself to look after her husband's needs.
- 天皇・皇后は皇族の葬儀には直接出席せず、使者を派遣するのが古来よりの慣わしである。
- It is an ancient custom that the emperor and the empress do not attend, but dispatch an envoy to funeral ceremonies of imperial members.
- このような算額奉納の習慣は世界中をみても他に類例がなく、日本独特の文化といわれる。
- No such custom can be found in any other country in the world and the culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is said to be unique to Japan.
- 特に北方の異民族王朝によるものは官印の制度自体に慣れていないためか粗雑な印が多い。
- Especially, many of those made by the dynasties of northern ethnic groups were rough as they were not used to the kanin system itself.
- 名は慣習的に「ちょうけい」と読まれることが多いが、正しくは「ながよし」と思われる。
- His name is often read as 'Chokei,' but the correct reading is thought to be 'Nagayoshi.'
- 官庁内部の慣習法は例または行事という言葉で奈良時代からすでに法的に認められてはいた。
- Common law inside the ministries was already accepted as law, since the Nara period, through terms like rei and gyoji.
- 同じく、領主の承認や慣習的な支払なくして、土地を第三者へ譲渡することもできなかった。
- Likewise, without the lords' approval or customary payment, the serfs could not sell the lands to a third party.
- 柳原家(やなぎわらけ、やなぎはらの読みは慣例)は、名家 (公家)の家格を有する公家。
- The Yanagiwara family (conventionally, Yanagihara) were kuge (court nobles) that held the status of meika (kuge of lower rank).
- 定員1名(後に権官1名追加)・従七位上相当(ただし、後世では五位以上が慣例となる)。
- Initially, the post was held by one official, and later one Kenkan (powerful official) was added, and their rank was equivalent to Jushichiinojo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade); however, in later times it became customary to give the post a Goi (Fifth Rank) or higher ranking.
- 日本では白村江(はくそんこう)は、慣行的に「はくすきのえ」と訓読みされることが多い。
- In practice, Hakusonko is pronounced 'Hakusukinoe' using the Japanese 'kun' reading as opposed to the Chinese 'on' reading.
- こういった習慣はイギリスにおけるアフタヌーン・ティー(ハイティーとも)にも見られる。
- The United Kingdom also has a similar custom, which refers to afternoon tea (also known as high tea).
- 淳仁天皇は二世王から践祚したので、それ以降は親王宣下をもって親王とする慣習となった。
- Because Emperor Junnin ascended the throne as a second generation king, it became a custom to give the title of Imperial Prince to those after the second generation and make them an Imperial Prince.
- これは、外題には縁起を担いで「割れない」奇数の字数にすることが慣例になったいたため。
- The reason is; it became custom that the number of Chinese characters in the title should be an odd number because people followed the superstition that an odd number of Chinese characters cannot be devided.
- 以来、江戸城に毎年鮎を献上するのが慣例となり、鵜匠21戸に各10両の扶持を給与した。
- Since then, it became a practice to offer ayu to Edo-jo Castle every year, and each of 21 usho was entitled a stipend of ten ryo.
- また、これ以降、大宰権帥と大宰府の次官大宰大弐を同時には任命できない慣習が生まれた。
- After this period, it became a practice that Dazai Gonnosochi and Dazai Daini, an undersecretary to Dazai no sochi, were not appointed at the same time.
- 原則として在地の慣習法を尊重しているが、一方で領主の結束を図る手段も規定されている。
- As a rule, common laws of a local land were respected; however, Rokkakushi Shikimoku established the way to promote solidarity of a feudal lord.
- 初期仏教では仏法(教え)を貴び、またインドの慣習儀礼に基づき像を造ることがなかった。
- In Buddhism's early days, Buddhist doctrine was valued so statues were not created based on the Indian customs and religious observances.
- 鉱山(山師) - 近代の炭鉱では、慣習が途絶え、女性も坑内作業に従事するようになる。
- Mine (Yamashi): In recent coal pit operations the custom has been abolished and women have come to work in the pits.
- 共有の性質を有する入会権については、各地方の慣習に従うほか、この節の規定を適用する。
- Rights of common that have the nature of co-ownership shall be governed by local custom and shall otherwise be subject to the application of the provisions of this Section.
- 公家法の時代には、法のあらゆる分野で、慣習法の体系が重要な法的意義をもつようになった。
- In the age of court noble law, the system of common law developed an important legal significance in various areas of law.
- 貴族への拷問は免除されるのが慣例であり、上皇の二人に対する憎しみの深さを現わしている。
- There was an established precedent exempting members of the nobility from torture, so their fate helps to show just how deeply Goshirakawa must have hated them.
- 制度の近代化・西欧化が進められる中で、節刀の慣習は元帥への刀剣下賜という形で残される。
- Amid the ongoing modernization and westernization of system, the custom of Setto remained as a practice of granting a sword to marshal.
- 叛乱勢力であり親王任国の慣習を守る必要は無いのだが、伝統として定着していたのであろう。
- Being a rebel, he was not obliged to observe the custom of Shinno-ningoku, but it seems this custom took root as a tradition.
- 上記の通り慣例故実を整理簡素化した大正大礼以後、太刀と石帯の対応関係もなくなっている。
- Since the state ceremony of the Taisho Emperor, when the customs were simplified as described above, the link between sword and sekitai has been lost.
- なお弔事に黒足袋を用いるとするのは俗説もしくは明治時代以降のきわめて特殊な慣習である。
- Incidentally, it is a myth or a quite special custom since the Meiji period that black tabi should be worn on mourning occasions.
- 中世当時、夫を亡くした妻がその家督を継ぐという後家家督慣行が、武士の間に広く見られた。
- In the middle ages, the custom that a widow takes over the Household after the head passed away was widely seen.
- 浦終い(うらじまい)とは、日本の海難事故に際して行われる伝統的な儀式や事後処理の慣習。
- Urajimai is a Japanese custom of conducting traditional ceremonies and handling the aftermath of accidents at sea.
- 天皇は中世には祇園の御輿御所近くを通る際にはその怨霊を恐れて方違を行う慣例がありった。
- In the middle ages, the Emperor was in the habit of Katachigae (a practice of approaching a destination in a different direction than going directly from one's house) for fear of onryo every time he passed through the neighborhood of Mikoshi-gosyo in Gion.
- 真淵は、万葉仮名に慣れるため、『万葉集』の注釈から始めた方が良いという旨の教授をした。
- Mabuchi instructed him to begin with the commentaries on the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry 'Manyoshu' in order to become familiar with a form of syllabary used in the Manyoshu.
- しかし、その土地で生活をする領民にとっては、永年の慣行をも無視される重大事件であった。
- But for the people making their living on that plot of land, kaechi was a major event that often rode roughshod over their time-honored traditions.
- これに対し明から新たに輸入された永楽通宝は良銭として扱われ、撰銭という慣行が始まった。
- On the other hand, Eiraku-tsuho coins which were newly imported from Ming China were treated as good currency, with which the practice of 'erizeni' (selection of good coins) began.
- しかし海戦に不慣れな木曾源氏軍は、備中国の水島の戦い(岡山県倉敷市)で平氏水軍に惨敗。
- However, because the Kiso Genji army was not used to naval battles and it suffered an utter defeat by the Heishi Suigun Navy at the Battle of Mizushima in Bicchu Province (Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture).
- 共有の性質を有しない入会権については、各地方の慣習に従うほか、この章の規定を準用する。
- Rights of common that do not have the nature of co-ownership shall be governed by local customs and shall otherwise be subject to the mutatis mutandis application of the provisions of this Section.
- 山国隊はフランス式教練を受け、銃の射撃精度は山村の猟で慣らしていたため非常に優れていた。
- The Yamagunitai had received training in French-style military drilling, and were extremely skilled at marksmanship with guns thanks to their long familiarity from hunting excursions in their mountain villages.
- 落ち武者は薄の穂にも怖ずという慣用句は怖いと思うと何にでも恐怖を感じるという意味である。
- An idiomatic phrase 'ochimusha are afraid of even a head of silver grass' means that you are afraid of anything when you are scared.
- 庶民が慣れ親しんだ講談や落語などでは「元亀天正の頃」といった表現のほうが一般的であった。
- In kodan (art of public storytelling) and rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), which were popular among the general public, the expression 'the periods of Genki, Tensho' was common.
- 多くは口慣らしや口捌きを兼ねた単純で短い、しかし基礎的な技術を養うのに適したネタである。
- Most performances of zenza-banashi are simple and short, so they are suitable for acquiring basic storytelling skills, and they are also used for improving a storyteller's vocal technique and letting a beginner become accustomed to performing.
- しかし頼家は側近や乳母一族である比企氏を重用し従来の習慣を無視した独裁的判断が目立った。
- However, Yoriie appointed his close advisers from the Hiki clan and the menoto families, and tended to show a dictatorial attitude, ignoring conventional customs.
- 第二次世界大戦前においては、外地の語は慣用語であったため、用例により範囲が異なっていた。
- Before the World War II, Gaichi was used as an idiom and the scope of the term varied depending on the cases.
- 猟師は武器を携え使い慣れているので、このときの一行にとって心強い味方だったと想像できる。
- It can be imagined that this was a great encouragement for the Prince's party since the hunters were experienced with weaponry.
- 古今以来、二十巻という勅撰集の慣例を破り、羈旅・哀傷・神祇歌を省き、恋歌を二巻に縮めた。
- Traditionally, the Imperial anthology had consisted of 20 volumes since the time of Kokin Wakashu, but they broke the custom and omitted the categories of Journey, Elegies, and Gods of Heaven and Earth, reducing the volumes of Love to two.
- しかし、慣習と便宜によって前方後円墳、前方部、後円部といった用語はそのまま使われている。
- Yet, the terms like keyhole-shaped tumuli, the front square, and the rounded rear are still used because of customs and convenience.
- 検非違使の庁例は、使庁の流例ともいわれ、律令の刑法とはちがった性質の慣習法として通用した。
- The cho-rei (law enacted by the kebiishi) of kebiishi was considered the historical custom of the kebiishi agency, and was valid as a common law different in nature from the criminal law of ritsuryo.
- その後、ジャービルの子孫とサリームの子孫がほぼ交互に首長の位につくことが慣行となってきた。
- Later, it became tradition to alternate the post of Emir between the descendants of Jabir and the descendants of Salim.
- また、神祇伯に就任してからは王氏に復するのが慣例であったことから「白川王家」とも呼ばれた。
- The family was also called 'Shirakawa oke' (the Shirakawa prince family) because the person who assumed Jingi haku conventionally got back the family name of 'O' (the title of 'prince').
- 日本においては、室町時代に銅銭97枚をもって100枚とみなす商慣習があったと言われている。
- In Japan, it is said that there was a business custom with which 97 copper coins were considered as 100 coins in the Muromachi period.
- これが慣例となり、足利義満以降、15代将軍足利義昭に至るまで足利将軍家に准后が宣下された。
- As this became a custom, from Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA to the 15th Shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Jugo was given to the Ashikaga Shogun family.
- 法令の規定により又は慣行として開示請求者が知ることができ、又は知ることが予定されている情報
- Information that can be made available to or is scheduled to be made available to the Disclosure Requester pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations or by custom
- 当該指定商品若しくは指定役務又はこれらに類似する商品若しくは役務について慣用されている商標
- a trademark customarily used for the designated goods or designated services or goods or services similar thereto; or
- また江戸時代にも文政年間頃から「両」のことを俗称として「圓」と呼ぶ習慣が一部にあったという。
- And from around the Bunsei era (1818 to 1830) in the Edo period, it is said some called 'yen' as 'ryo' habitually.
- 裁判に際して適用された本所法は、律令の系統を引く公家法や現地の慣習法などから成り立っていた。
- The honjo law, which was the applicable law in such cases, consisted of court noble law, descendant from the Ritsuryo codes, local common law, and other laws.
- 日本では中世頃からこの慣行があり、江戸時代になって法制化され、仇討ち(あだうち)と呼ばれた。
- This practice existed in Japan from around the medieval period; it was legislated in the Edo period and was called Adauchi (revenge).
- 6月から9月までの間にしか着られないという慣例だが、ウールや綿、紬の着物はこの限りではない。
- According to the custom, it is to be worn only during the months from June to September, however, hitoe made of wool, cotton, or plainly-woven tsumugi-silk are allowed to be worn at other seasons.
- 江戸を含め日本各地で12月13日の煤払い(すすはらい)の後は「鯨汁」を食べる習慣が広まった。
- The habit of eating Kujira-jiru (whale or blubber soup) after the end-of-year house cleaning on December 13 spread to various parts of Japan, including Edo.
- 少々ややこしいが、慣例により江戸期の比叡山延暦寺座主のことをも天台座主とよんでいるのである。
- This history is slightly complicated; however, zasu of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei in the Edo period were also called Tendai-zasu by convention.
- また、長い留学生活で日本語能力は通訳が必要なほど退化しており、日本的風習にも不慣れであった。
- Moreover, Umeko had almost forgotten her Japanese language and needed an interpreter and also had difficulties with Japanese customs.
- また町人としての社会的役割のひとつに賃貸しの長屋を持ちわずかな店賃で店子に貸す慣習があった。
- One social function of Chonin was to rent nagaya (a row house) to tanako (tenant) for a small tanachin (rent.)
- さらに、没収された胤長の屋敷が、慣例に反して義盛には与えられず北条義時が召し上げてしまった。
- Furthermore, Tanenaga's residence which was confiscated was not given to Yoshimori but taken away by Yoshitoki HOJO out of rule.
- また、大臣や近衛大将などに任命された際には大規模な宴会(大饗)などの儀式を行う慣例があった。
- Meanwhile, it was a custom to hold a ceremony such as a large-scale banquet (grand banquet) when someone was appointed to a minister or Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards).
- 官人が名簿を執って名を喚び、女王は称唯(イショウとよむのが慣習)して進み禄を受けて退出した。
- As a court official called each name of the princesses in accordance with a name list, the called princess would respond aloud and proceed to receive the Oroku gifts, with which they retired from the ceremony.
- 以後、西大寺を総本山としてその住職である西大寺長老が真言律宗管長を兼務する慣例となっている。
- After that, the choro of Saidai-ji Temple who is the head priest of Saidai-ji Temple as sohonzan (the general head temple) doubled as the chief abbot of the Shingon Risshu sect as a custom.
- したがって律令法のなかに、日本の古代社会の内部に行われていた法慣行を見いだすことは困難である。
- Thus, it is difficult to find examples of legal practices used in ancient Japanese society under ritsuryo law,.
- 地域の慣習法(郷土法)によって支給面積を削減されたり、遠方に口分田を与えられるケースもあった。
- There were the following cases as well: Based on the common law of the area (or area-dependent law), a field smaller than the one specified was actually supplied, or kubunden was supplied at a far away place.
- 詔勅や表奏文を豊富に収録し、先例のできあがった慣行を記載するなど、読者たる官人の便宜を図った。
- Its substantial collections of imperial edicts and addresses made to the emperor as well as descriptions of the customary practices established by precedents accommodated the government officials at whom the text was aimed.
- 以後、鎌倉時代の末まで、皇后の定員は2名となり、一方を皇后宮、他方を中宮と呼ぶ慣行が確立した。
- Two empresses were allowed until the end of the Kamakura period, one was called Kisai no miya (empress) and the other, chugu.
- 江戸時代に銅銭96枚(=96文)の束をもって銭100文と見なした慣習も短陌の一つと見なされる。
- The custom with which a bundle of 96 copper coins (equal to 96 mon [an old currency unit in Japan]) was considered as 100 coins in the Edo period is regarded as one of tanhaku.
- 平安後期から明治維新より前の慣例を述べると、白玉製巡方無文の帯は天皇の祭事用のみに使用された。
- According to custom from the end of the Heian Period to the Meiji Restoration, square unfigured sashes with white gemstones were used only for ceremonies involving the Emperor.
- また、当時の政治情勢や家康の生活ぶり、そして大名の日常生活や習慣を知る上では重要な史料である。
- Furthermore, it is a valuable historical source material because of the informative description it records in relation to the state of the government of those times, of the lifestyle of Ieyasu, and the daily activities and customs of the feudal lords.
- 実際に実務を統括したである頭(定員1名)には伊勢国か美濃国の掾が兼務するのが慣例となっていた。
- In practice, either Governor of Ise Province or Mino Province was concurrently appointed to Kashira (prescribed number of personnel was one), a person who oversaw routine jobs.
- 江戸在勤の折は将軍に必ず御目見え、拝領物を頂く慣例となっており、その待遇は独立大名並であった。
- When he worked in Edo, it was customary that he presented himself in front of the shogun and received a present from the shogun, showing that he was treated almost as an independent daimyo.
- それまで、貴族社会では財産の母系継承が通例だったが、12世紀ごろから父系継承が慣例化していく。
- Until then, it was customary in Kizoku society to inherit assets from the mother-side lineage, but inheritance from the father-side linage became customary around the twelfth century.
- 西園寺は思想的に自由主義を自称し、衆議院での多数派政党が内閣を組織する憲政の常道を慣例にした。
- Saionji ideologically proclaimed liberalism, and he established the constitutional practice of the majority party in the House of Representatives forming the Parliament.
- しかし、蓄妾は旧来の慣習であったため、建白はいつしか立ち消えとなって採用されることはなかった。
- However, as keeping concubines was a long-lasting practice, their petition was simply ignored and never adopted.
- なお前代歌人では紀貫之・藤原俊成・藤原定家・後鳥羽天皇らが勅撰集の慣例に沿って尊重されている。
- In addition, poets who lived in the earlier period such as KI no Tsurayuki, FUJIWARA no Toshinari, FUJIWARA no Teika, Emperor Gotoba were treated with respect in accordance with custom of imperial anthology.
- 通常の取引に関連して発生する未払金又は預り金で一般の取引慣行として発生後短期間に支払われるもの
- payment due or deposits received generated by Ordinary Transactions which are to be paid within a short term after generation as a general transaction practice;
- 古くからの習慣で、住居が建っている場所や住人の職業などで区別して商家、町家、農家などとも言う。
- According to time-honored custom, the terms merchants' houses, Machiya houses, and farmers' houses are also used, depending on the place where the houses are located or the jobs of the persons who live in the houses.
- この祭の日を俗に「こおっづいたち」(氷朔日か)と呼び、雪の塊を模した雪餅を食べる慣わしである。
- The festival day is customarily called 'Koozzuitachi (perhaps meaning the first day for ice)' and people eat yuki-mochi (rice cakes imitating lumps of snow).
- もっとも、日本では鯨皮から鯨油を絞った残りかすの「油かす (食品)」については食用の習慣がある。
- However, 'Aburakasu' (a food), which is the remains of whale skin after oil has been extracted from it, has been eaten customarily in Japan.
- 大峯大橋の先にある「女人結界門」から先は女人禁制の習慣が今も守られ、女性の入山は禁止されている。
- The 'Nyonin Kekkai Mon' (gate prohibiting women from entering) stands past the Omine Ohashi bridge and the custom of forbidding women from entering the mountain is still enforced.
- そこで、旧法、現行法及び慣習法の読み方によって、東京(東京都)を唯一の首都と解さない論者もいる。
- Therefore, some advocates do not take Tokyo as the only capital of Japan by interpreting the difference between old laws, existing laws and common laws.
- 征夷大将軍への任官に伴い、源氏長者ほかの官職を与えられる栄誉は、足利義満から始まった慣例である。
- It was a custom originating with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA that the honor of being given governmental posts in addition to Genji no choja (the chief of the Minamoto clan) was awarded.
- そこで和宮は「いち早く京風から江戸風の生活に慣れるように」と天璋院、実成院、本寿院らに言われる。
- There, Princess Kazunomiya was told to 'get used to the life of Edo style from the Kyoto style as soon' by Tenshoin, Jitsujoin, Honjuinto and others.
- 土間は戸外と屋内の中間的な場所にあたり、日本家屋では「屋内では靴を脱ぐ」という生活習慣があるが、
- The doma is positioned as a place intermediate between outdoor and indoor, and it is a custom in Japanese houses 'to take off shoes indoors.'
- 伊勢の「お木曳き」行事として、国の選択無形民俗文化財(風俗習慣・祭礼(信仰))に選択されている。
- This event is designated a National Selected Intangible Folk Cultural Property as Ise's 'Okihiki' (manners and customs: rituals (beliefs)).
- 伊勢の「白石持ち」行事として、国の選択無形民俗文化財(風俗習慣・祭礼(信仰))に選択されている。
- This event is designated a National Selected Intangible Folk Cultural Property as Ise's 'Shiraishimochi' (manners and customs: rituals (beliefs)).
- 前項本文の場合において慣習が明らかでないときは、同項の権利を承継すべき者は、家庭裁判所が定める。
- If, in the case referred to in the main text of the preceding paragraph, the custom is not evident, the family court shall determine who shall succeed the rights in that paragraph.
- はじめ位は低かったが、その位は次第に高まり、平安時代中期以降、皇后は女御から昇進する慣例となった。
- The rank of Nyogo was low at first but gradually raised, and after the middle of the Heian period, it became customary that Kogo (empress) was promoted from Nyogo.
- 室町時代、守護大名の間では自らの家臣に対して、武官や国守の官名を私称することを許す慣行が生まれた。
- In the Muromachi period it became a customary practice among shugo daimyo that their vassals were allowed to call themselves after the official position or title of the military officer or the governor of the province.
- 足利幕府将軍の家督相続者以外の子として、慣例により仏門に入って「義円」と名乗り青蓮院門跡にあった。
- As he was not in line to inherit the headship of the family, he followed tradition and entered the Buddhist priesthood, taking the name 'Gien,' and residing at Shoren-in Monzeki Temple.
- 観行院らは天璋院の意向を無視し、和宮の御所風の生活を重視して江戸風の生活に慣れようとはしなかった。
- Kangyoin and her people disregarded the intention of Tenshoin, valued the life of Princess Kazunomiya's imperial palace style, and made no attempt to become accustomed to the life of the Edo style.
- (※当時の慣習として女性の諱日本の諱は記載されないので、記録は「河越重頼の娘」「義経の室」である)
- (*According to the custom at that time, a woman's imina (personal name) was not stated in Japan, therefore, in the documents, her name was recorded as 'Shigeyori KAWAGOE's daughter,' or 'Yoshitsune's wife').
- これはかつて囲炉裏の灰に栗や餅、山菜などを埋めて焼き、食べていた習慣から時折起きていた事故である。
- In fact, this has actually happened from time to time, since chestnuts, rice cakes, and mountain plants were often buried and cooked in coals of the Irori fireplace.
- 奨学院別当職は、源氏長者が兼務する慣例となり、結果として村上源氏の者が淳和院別当職と共に世襲した。
- It became a customary practice that Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) took the office as an additional post, and eventually members of the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) held Shogakuin Bettoshoku and Junnain (the detached palace of Emperor Junna) Bettoshoku by succession.
- 通常は勧学院に神木を安置するのが慣例であるが、場合によっては御所の前に神木をかざして朝廷を威圧した。
- In Kyoto, they usually enshrined Shinboku at 'Kangakuin' (an educational institution), but occasionally, they held it aloft in front of the Imperial Palace, thereby threatening the court.
- 当時、一般の大名当主は五位に叙せられる慣例となっていたから、つまり大紋は大名の礼服となったのである。
- In those days, ordinary daimyos were customarily appointed to the Fifth Rank, so Daimon became a formal wear for daimyos.
- また、出産にまつわる宮中行事として盤双六を行う(単にさいころを振るのみの場合もあった)慣習があった。
- Also, as a court function regarding childbirth, there was a custom of playing the board Sugoroku (or, just rolling dices).
- これは、皇族は大臣とならない当時の慣例に目を付けて、左大臣の地位を狙った藤原氏の陰謀と言われている。
- It is said that this was a plot of the Fujiwara clan who were aiming to the position of the Sadaijin since there was a tradition of an Imperial Family member not being allowed to become a Minister.
- 多くの日本国民が仏教と神道の習慣と信仰を両立させているのに対し、明治以降の皇室は神道色がかなり強い。
- While many Japanese people practice and have belief in Buddhism and Shinto at the same time, since the Meiji period the Imperial Court has been more inclined to Shinto.
- それゆえ本厄の年に「厄祓い」・「厄除け」を行い、神仏の加護を受けて凶事や災難を未然に防ぐ慣習がある。
- This is why people practice 'yakubarai' (exorcism of bad luck) or 'yakuyoke' (avoidance of bad luck) at their ages of calamity, in order to pre-empt adversity or misfortune by the help of Shinto and Buddhist deities.
- ただし、忍び手の有る無し、拍手の叩く回数等は宗旨(教派神道の違い)や地域の習慣にあわせる必要がある。
- Rules, however, may differ depending on religious doctrines (different Sect Shintos) and local practices, such as the presence or absence of shinobite and the number of clapping, so you are required to follow specific rules.
- 本来であれば、国家の柱石たる頼朝のために喪を発して、その期間内は人事異動を延期する慣例になっていた。
- It had become customary to put the court into mourning for Yoritomo, who had been a pillar of the state, and postpone personnel change during this time.
- 生業や文化内容から見た時代区分としても再考の余地があるものの、慣用化した時期区分として定着している。
- Periodization needs to be reconsidered taking into account the people's regular vocation or the content of the cultural development; however, it is commonly used and well-established.
- 江戸時代には、毎年6月1日 (旧暦)にあわせて、加賀藩から将軍家へ氷室の氷を献上する慣わしがあった。
- In the Edo period it was customary that the Kaga domain would present ice from a himuro to the shogun family on June 1 of each year.
- 取り決めによってそれぞれの王室に不幸があった場合、半旗を掲げることと、服喪することが慣例になっている。
- Following a convention, it customarily lowers the flag to half-staff and observes mourning when a member of a royal family passes away.
- これら運行形態は、祭神に因んだもののほか、突発的に行われた運行形態が慣例化し、伝統になった場合もある。
- These styles of execution are associated with the enshrined deity, or are styles that were carried out sporadically, but became customary, and eventually a tradition.
- 表面は、製作の年月、鋳造に関する決まり文句(慣用的な吉祥句)、直接製作に当たった工人の名を記している。
- The front side has a date of creation, a set phrase (a conventional auspicious phrase) as to casting, and a name of the artisan who made the sword immediately.
- しかし、慣習調査の必要もあり、台湾の実情を踏まえた法律を整備することには時間を費やすことが予想された。
- However, since research for local customs was required, the government predicted that it would take some time to establish the laws reflecting the actual conditions of Taiwan.
- また、幕府成立から半世紀近くたったことで、膨大な先例・法慣習が形成され、煩雑化してきた点も挙げられる。
- Also it can be given that a huge number of precedents and usage of the law were formed and became complicated after almost a half century since the establishment of bakufu.
- 「喧嘩両成敗」は、秩序が崩壊した戦国時代 (日本)に誕生した慣習法であり、かぶき者が好んだ法であった。
- Kenka Ryoseibai' was the customary law which came to exist in the Sengoku Period when everything was out of order, and was loved by kabukimono.
- 花代は当時の慣例に従って仏門に入りることになり、名を「真月院」と改め、亡き夫の冥福を祈る生活に入った。
- Hanayo entered the Buddhist priesthood in accordance with customary practice of the time to pray for the soul of her dead husband, changing her name as 'Shingetsu-in.'
- 源氏の自制でそれ以上の行為はなかったものの、世慣れぬ玉鬘は養父からの思わぬ懸想に困惑するばかりだった。
- Genji restrained himself and nothing more than that occurred, but Tamakazura, who was still innocent, did not know how to deal with these inconceivable romantic feelings from her adopted father.
- 彼は日本の道徳理念・慣習について問われ、逡巡した後その源は武士道だと行き着き、これを解説、説明する書。
- He was asked about Japanese moral doctrine and customs, hesitantly thinking about such things and concluding that they were based on Bushido, so he commented and explained them in the book.
- 「禁秘抄」は朝廷における儀式作法の根源・由来・を究め古来よりの慣習を後の世代に残さんとしたものである。
- Kinpisho was an in-depth study of the root and origin of manners and etiquette of ceremonies performed at the Imperial Court, with an intent to pass the ancient customs down to succeeding generations.
- その証として各戸ごとに仏壇を設け、朝・夕礼拝し、先祖の命日には僧侶を招き供養するという習慣が確立した。
- In witness of being a parishioner of a certain temple, each family became accustomed to install a household butsudan to worship every morning and evening and to invite a priest of its bodaiji temple to hold memorial services to commemorate anniversaries of their ancestors' death dates.
- こうした慣行はその後も続き、現代でも多くの神社で神に供御するための田として、神田・御神田が存続している。
- This custom continued through history and even today many Shinto shrines have Shinden or Omita as the rice fields to offer Kugo (food for deities).
- なお、以上とは別に、興福寺や春日大社の領内で他者による侵奪や年貢の未進・横領が発生した際の慣習もあった。
- Incidentally, Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga-taisha Shrine had another custom, which was implemented when their manor was disseized by others, or their 'nengu' (land tax) was unpaid or embezzled.
- 短陌は銅銭不足であった当時の経済状況に合わせた慣習であり、銅銭の輸送の不便さを軽減する上では歓迎された。
- Tanhaku was a custom fit for the economic situation at that time and hailed as a method to reduce the inconvenience of delivering copper coins.
- 平安時代中期以降、貴族の女性は親兄弟といえどもみだりに異性に顔を見せてはいけない、という習慣が定着した。
- From the mid-Heian Period, it was an established custom for noble women not to show their faces to the opposite sex, even if it was their father or brother.
- また、ここからさらに転じて、追善会などの際に、追悼にふさわしい曲の終曲部分をつけくわえる慣習も生まれた。
- Having changed further from it, there sprang up a custom to add the last part of a suitable number for mourning at a memorial concert and so on.
- 乞巧奠(きっこうてん)の慣習と織女祭に因み、日本ゆかた連合会により7月7日がゆかたの日と制定されている。
- Nippon Yukata Rengokai (literally, the Joint Association of the Japanese Yukata Industry) instituted the day of yukata on July 7 after the custom of the Tanabata Star Festival (the festival of weavers) and Shokujo-sai (the festival for female weavers).
- 実際、気象庁などの観測データによれば、この慣用句の意味するところが概ね的を射ていることは推測可能である。
- In fact, according to the observatory data by the Meteorological Agency, it is possible to deduce that what this idiom implies is, by and large, to the point.
- 鯨塚(くじらづか)とは、海浜において岸に打ち上げられたクジラを祀った塚のことで、日本独特の慣わしである。
- Kujirazuka is a mound enshrining the whales that were washed up ashore on the beach, and is a uniquely Japanese custom.
- 夫の不在中は妻が権限を持つのが慣習であり、これによって在地にあった小山氏の武士団は頼朝方に立つ事になる。
- SAMUKAWA no Ama's visit to Yoritomo led the armed groups belonging to the Oyama clan holding the fort to take Yoritomo's side because of the custom in those days: while the family head is away, his wife is authorized to handle all affairs of the clan.
- 慣例的に各ウヂから議政官となるのは1人だけとされており、議政官は氏族代表者会議としての性格を有していた。
- It was customary that only one person from each clan could become a Giseikan officer, and therefore, the Giseikan was provided with the characteristics of a meeting of representatives from the clans.
- 江戸幕府が全国支配を確立して、幕府による法の支配が確立されるまでこうした慣習は存在していたとされている。
- It was recognized that these customs had existed until the Edo bakufu established the system and law to rule the whole Japan.
- これは当時銭緡(ぜにさし)を省陌法と称して寛永通寳一文銭96枚の束をもって100文とする慣行からである。
- The reason is that, at that time, Zenisashi was called as Shohaku method (currency exchange rate in Edo period) where 96 pieces of ichimonsen (one-mon coin) (mon is a monetary unit of old times) was 100 mon.
- 検分が終われれば、戦没者として供養しその霊の災禍を防ぐのが古来よりの日本の慣習であり、丁重に供養された。
- It was an old Japanese custom to pay respects to the war dead after the examination to prevent those spirits from causing harm to living people, so these noses were treated with great respect.
- 設定行為で永小作権の存続期間を定めなかったときは、その期間は、別段の慣習がある場合を除き、三十年とする。
- If an act establishing emphyteusis does not provide for the duration of the emphyteusis, the duration of the same shall be thirty years unless there is a custom to the contrary.
- また、その後「天子の嫡妻」ではない女性に名誉称号として皇后の位を与える慣行も並行して行われるようになった。
- It became an institution that an honorary title of empress was given to a woman who was not a 'lawful wife of an emperor'.
- 毛利家では、元服時に通字である「元」のついた名を名乗るのが慣例となっていた(家祖である大江広元にちなむ)。
- It was the custom of the Mori clan to put the letter '元' (moto) in their first names at the time of genpuku (The letter '元' is after 大江広元, Hiromoto OE, the forefather of the clan.)
- なお、御物は慣例的に文化財保護法による指定の対象外となっており、国宝や重要文化財などには指定されていない。
- Conventionally, the gyobutsu are not included in the Cultural Assets Preservation Act, nor are they registered as national treasures, important cultural assets or important cultural properties.
- このため、新制に移行したあとも「ナンバースクールエリート校」という尊称のような慣用句的用法としてのこった。
- Therefore, even after the new system was put in place the honorific title such as 'number school elite school' remained in idiomatic usage.
- 定員は1名で、左右衛門督と左右兵衛督のいずれかを兼ねる中納言・権中納言または参議が務めるのが慣例であった。
- There was only one Betto post and was held by the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) or the Sangi (counselor) who also held the posts of either Saemon no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) and Uemon no Kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) or Sahyoe no Kami (Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards) or Uhyoe no Kami (Captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards).
- また後に、本来は大臣の職に就くことができない公卿が従一位に昇叙した際には准大臣が宣下される慣習も定着した。
- Additionally, later when kugyo (court noble) who could not serve as ministers were promoted to Juichii, it became a common practice that they were granted Jun-daijin (Vice Minister) by imperial proclamation.
- 家督相続や出仕、お目見得などに関わる年齢制約を回避するために年齢を操作して届出るこのような慣行が成立した。
- This custom of manipulating a person's age to report was created to bypass age restrictions set on family successions, entering government service, and gaining an audience with the shogun.
- また、文書の内容を3行半で書く慣習があったため、俗に三行り半(みくだりはん。三行半、三下り半。)とも言う。
- Since there was a custom to write the body of the letter in three and a half lines, the letter was commonly called Mikudarihan (three lines and a half.)
- 元は慣習的な単位であったが、清代に外国との貿易のために各国と単位についての協定を結び、公式の単位となった。
- It was originally a conventional unit, but it became the official one in the era of Qing when the Qing dynasty concluded the treaty on units with foreign countries for the purpose of foreign trade.
- 手軽に滑れる足慣らし的なスキー場で、知名度が低く、穴場であることから、休日であってもゲレンデは空いている。
- It is considered a good spot because you can enjoy quickly the pleasure of ski on its easy slopes, and it is not famous and so not crowded even on holidays.
- 農奴は法的権利を主張し、地域の慣習に従い、(領主の副収入でもある)法廷料を支払えば訴訟に訴えることもできた。
- The serfs could demand their legal rights or file a suit if paying the fee for the court (the supplementary income for the lords) and following the regional custom.
- 教官の人事権を事実上教授会が掌握するという慣行を文相が承認したことで、学問の自由大学の自治は大きく前進した。
- As the Minister for Education approved a practice under which faculty councils held essential authority over personnel issues of professors, academic freedom as well as university autonomy became solid.
- 令制国が行政体・地理区分の基本単位として用いられていた時代には、正式にも慣用的にも「国」とだけ呼ばれていた。
- In the age when the term ' Ryosei province ' was used as the basic unit for administrative and geographical division, it used to be called only as 'province' officially and customarily.
- 今の場合、まだそこまで行っていないが、おそらくは用語不慣れと箱館の好印象のため、不用意に発した言葉であろう。
- In this case, it had not got there yet, so probably they used these terms because of not getting used to the terms and their good impression on Hakodate that made them careless about it.
- 清原夏野はこうした課題に加えて、当時親王が八省卿を兼務する慣例が成立していたことに問題があることを指摘した。
- KIYOHARA no Natsuno pointed out, in addition to the above problems, that the practice of appointing Imperial Princes to hasshokyo (the ministers of eight ministries) was problematic.
- しかし、室町時代はとかく守護の力も強く、武士が中心の社会であり、こうした慣行が取り締まられることはなかった。
- But this customary practice was not controlled as provincial military governors (shugo) were influential and samurai played a central role in society.
- そのために長官である式部卿は重要な役とされ、弘仁3年より四品以上の親王が任ぜられる慣例ができあがっていった。
- Therefore, Shikibu-Kyo, the Secretary of Shikibu-sho, was recognized as an important post, which established a convention that the Imperial Prince with a rank equivalent to or higher than Shihon (the fourth rank of Imperial Princes' rank) was appointed to the post since 872.
- 中華人民共和国では文化大革命によって道教は壊滅的な打撃を受けたが、民衆の間では未だにその慣習が息づいている。
- Although Taoism was seriously degraded during China's Cultural Revolution, its traditions are still alive among the general public.
- 明治時代以降、他の皇室慶弔行事と同じように、即位の礼の日はその年限りの国民の祝日となることが慣例となっている。
- After the Meiji period, it became custom that the day of the Sokui no rei becomes a national holiday only for that year like other Imperial-Family congratulations-and-condolences events.
- 三河守受領の為の位階は従五位下に相当するが、当時の慣例では、従五位下の位階を与えられる姓の系統は限られていた。
- To obtain the Mikawa Governor post, it was customary at that time to hold a rank of equivalent to a Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) however, there were rigid hereditary family line limitations to who was awarded Jugoinoge rank.
- 元は武士団の統制などを目的として武士の間で成立した慣習法として成立、公家法・本所法に対するものとして発展した。
- Originally, the bukeho was administered by samurai themselves in order to discipline samurai groups, which then developed as a set of codes that function separately from the kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) and the honjoho (laws issued by proprietors or guarantors of manor).
- 江戸時代になると江戸幕府により大奥の女性の服装に規定が定められ、他大名家においてもこの慣例に倣うようになった。
- In the Edo period, Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) laid down the regulations on costumes of the women in O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside), and the other Daimyo families (feudal lord families) came to follow this convention, too.
- 兄弟継承の古い慣習に対抗するために不改常典が持ち出されたと考えると、聖武天皇の詔も元明天皇の詔も理解しやすい。
- The edict of Emperor Shomu as well as that of Empress Genmei can be easily understood, if you suppose that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten was brought forward in order to cope with the old practice of the brother to brother succession.
- 2004年(平成16年)の文化財保護法改正により、従来の風俗慣習、民俗芸能のほか、新たに民俗技術が加えられた。
- With the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 2004, folk techniques were included, in addition to existing manners and customs and folk performing arts.
- 発祥ははっきりしないが、『日本書紀』によると既に飛鳥時代には地方の豪族がその娘を天皇家に献上する習慣があった。
- Although the origin of Uneme is unknown, 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) describes that it was a custom of powerful regional clans to present their daughters to the Imperial family as early as the Asuka period.
- 律令制に置いては首都を東西に分けて東側を「左京(さきょう)」、西側を「右京(うきょう)」と呼ぶ慣わしがあった。
- In the Ritsuryo system, it was conventional to divide the Capital into the east part and west part, and to call the east part 'Sakyo,' and call the west part 'Ukyo.'
- 中国にキリスト教が伝来したのはかなり古いが、慣習・慣行の違い等から多くの信者を獲得することなく清末にいたった。
- Christianity was introduced to China during an early period, but by the end of the Qing dynasty it had still not gained many believers due to differences in customs and similar reasons.
- また、奈良時代から具注暦の余白部分に日記を書く習慣が生まれたが、書ききれなかった部分を紙背に追記して記述した。
- In addition, writing a diary on the blank space of guchureki (annotated calendar) had been practiced since the Nara period and when more space was needed, extra lines were added on the back side of the calendar.
- これは高官の例であるが、いずれにせよ当時既に官吏に対し国が公印を支給する習慣があったことがここからうかがえる。
- This is an example of a high official, but this tells there was already the custom of providing official seals to government officials at that time.
- 外国公使などが赴任した場合、君主に挨拶することが国際上慣例となっていたが、当初天皇や公家たちは及び腰であった。
- At that time, when foreign administration officials such as a minister came to a country, it was a custom that the minister greet monarch of that country, but in Japan the Emperor and Court nobles hesitated this at first.
- 本規定に定めのない事項については、日本および関係各国の法令、慣習および関係銀行所定の手続きに従うこととします。
- Matters not stipulated herein shall be governed by laws, regulations, customs and practices of Japan and other relevant countries and the procedures prescribed by the Banks Concerned.
- 進行方向、機首(船首)方向若しくは真北方向を示す慣性装置であって、次のいずれかに該当するもの又はこれらの部分品
- direction, or the true north direction which fall under any of the following or components thereof
- したがって、中世の武家法の基礎となった慣習法も、純粋な固有法ではなく、律令法を媒介として成長した固有法であった。
- Thus, the common law which became the basis of medieval samurai law was not a genuine inherent law, but an inherent law which developed from ritsuryo law.
- 文明開化(ぶんめいかいか)とは、明治の日本に西洋の文明が入ってきて、制度や習慣が大きく変化した現象のことを指す。
- The civilization and enlightenment occurred during the transitional phase of Japan in Meiji period, seeing drastic changes in various systems, organizations and cultural customs of Japan as the results of the Westernization.
- 統帥権は、慣習法的に軍令機関(陸軍参謀本部・海軍軍令部)の専権とされ、シビリアンコントロールの概念に欠けていた。
- The supreme command was thought to belong to military organs (the Staff Headquarters of Army and the Imperial Navy General Staff) by tradition, and not to be under civilian control.
- 又武家の当主が殺害された場合、その嫡子が相手を敵討ちしなければ、家名の継承が許されないとする慣習も広く見られた。
- Furthermore, the custom in which, if the head of a samurai family was killed, his legitimate child had to get his revenge or wouldn't be allowed to succeed the family name, was widespread.
- 皇族の方が留袖をお召しの場合や、一般の者でも叙勲などで宮中に参内する場合は色留袖を着用するのが慣例になっている。
- When tomesode is worn by someone of the Imperial family or when an ordinary person pays a visit to the Imperial Palace for bestowal of an order and the like, it is customary to wear iro-tomesode.
- 都市部の庶民のまつりごと(自治、祭礼)は伝統的にこの単位で行われ、その慣行が今でも残っているところも少なくない。
- Matsurigoto (self-government, and rites and festivals) for people living in the cities was traditionally administered by this unit, and many places still continue to have such customary practice.
- 士族船津幸兵衛は、慣れない商売に失敗し没落、妻と二人の娘1歳の乳飲み子と深川_(江東区)の裏長屋に逼塞している。
- Kobei FUNADU of the warrior class has failed in an unfamiliar business and has become bankrupt, and now lives with his wife, two daughters and one-year-old unweaned child in obscurity in a tenement house on a back street in Fukagawa (in Koto Ward, Tokyo).
- 一方で代々に渡って氏神を崇敬したり、祭事に従事する家でない者には、お宮参りはかなり慣例的に行っている場合が多い。
- Unless one is born into a family that has worshipped the tutelary deity and participated in rituals and festivals at the shrine over many generations, he takes his baby to the tutelary god and simply follows convention.
- 後に皇族から宮将軍が招かれたように、源氏でなければ将軍になれないという慣例は鎌倉幕府自身によって否定されている。
- Subsequently, it appears he was welcomed as a miyashogun (shogun from the Imperial Court) from the Imperial families, so the precedent that one could not become a shogun unless of the Minamoto clan stock was overturned at the behest of the Kamakura bakufu itself.
- 当時の慣習では死刑囚の遺骸は引き取り手がなければ腑分け(解剖)されることになっていたが、藤作は親族が引き取った。
- According to the custom at that time, in case there is no one who takes care of a dead body, dissection is carried out, but the case of Tosaku, his family took the body.
- 慣習法では地元領主あるいは住民の所有物もしくは地域の共有物とされてきたが、しばしば権利を巡る争いを引き起こした。
- According to common law, any ship drifting or drifted ashore was regarded as a property owned by a local feudal lord or the local people or as a common property of the region, but its ownership often triggered conflicts among the people.
- これらが慣例化してやがて、「門跡」自体が「貴族」出身者によって継承される特定の院家・寺院を指す称号へと変化した。
- This became a custom, and soon 'Monzeki' itself was changed to mean the title of the specific temples to which people from the 'nobility' succeeded.
- 正装の一つであり、当初は背中・両袖の3カ所に家紋を入れる慣例であったが、次第に廃れて今では紋を入れないことも多い。
- As it is a formal dress, at first kamon (crest) had been drawn on the back and sleeves, however that custom has fallen into disuse, at present homongi with kamon is rarely seen.
- 宗旦の見事な点前は、出席した茶人たちはもちろんのこと、普段からそれを見慣れている弟子たちですら見とれるほどだった。
- The wonderful temae (tea serving method) of Sotan made the participating chajin (master of the tea ceremony) as well as his disciples that usually saw the procedure to stare with awe.
- 日本の弓道、弓術で弓道射法八節稽古、及び確認、慣らしを行うために至近距離で矢を受ける藁を俵状に束ね巻き束ねたもの。
- It is a sheaf of straw bunched together in a shape of bale to take arrows at point-blank range, as the training of Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (eight arts of shooting an arrow), checking the characteristic of bow, or warming up in Kyudo or Kyujutsu, the art of Japanese archery.
- 賞与は毎月の支払べき給与の中から一定の割合で控除し、賞与の時に渡すのが慣例であり、売上が少ない場合は支給されない。
- A bonus is set off from the monthly salary at a constant rate to be given to each driver, but if the sales are not sufficient, the bonus is not paid.
- 山の神は醜女であるとする伝承もあり、自分より醜いものがあれば喜ぶとして、顔が醜いオコゼを山の神に供える習慣もある。
- Some say that the yamanokami is an ugly hag, with the result that rituals are performed to flatter the kami by offering her items thought to be even uglier, such as stonefish.
- 前述のように表向きは一揆の盟約が禁止されていながらも、百姓身分の権利行使の慣例として現実的には認めざるを得なかった。
- In reality, even if ikki was ostensibly prohibited, they virtually had to admit ikki as a social custom by which to execute rights by people of peasant status, as mentioned above.
- やがて明経道の教官職は中原氏・清原氏による世襲が事実上慣例化し、明経道そのものも専ら訓詁学研究に終始したようである。
- Before long, the position of Myogyodo lecturer became conventionally inherited by the Nakahara and Kiyohara clans and Myogyodo itself became the study of Kunkogaku (annotation and interpretation of classical books) as well.
- 宮中に小袖を着用する習慣を持ち込んだのは和子といわれ、尾形光琳・尾形乾山兄弟の実家である雁金屋を取り立てたとされる。
- It is said it was Kazuko who introduced the custom to wear Kosode (Kimono with short sleeves) into the Imperial Palace, she preferred to use Karigane ya which was the house where the Korin and Kenzan OGATA brothers were born.
- しかし、足立郡郡司武蔵武芝は武蔵では正官の国司赴任以前には検注が行われない慣例になっていたことから、検注を拒否する。
- However, MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the local magistrate of Adachi County, refused the Gon-no-kami's land survey because Adachi County had decided not to conduct the survey in the customary way unless the official Governor arrived in the county.
- 当時の皇室では皇位継承予定者以外の親王は世襲親王家を継承する例外を除いては出家して法親王となる事が慣例となっていた。
- It was taken for granted that an Imperial Prince who would not succeed to the throne would take over the hereditary Imperial family, or enter into the priesthood to become a cloistered emperor.
- その後、「奥右筆」に空席が出来た際には表右筆から後任を選ぶ慣例が成立して両者の職掌の棲み分けが図られるようになった。
- After that, a practice was established in which the successor was chosen from omote yuhitsu when 'oku yuhitsu' had a vacant position, and the official duties began to be divided.
- また、老中から将軍に側用人が取り次ぐ案件の中で側用人に異論があれば、取り次ぎ拒否が慣習として認められるようになった。
- Furthermore, it became custom that the Sobayonin officer could refuse a matter which Roju requested to relay to the shobun but the Sobayonin officer was against it.
- 将軍家の正室は五摂家か宮家の姫というのが慣例で、大名の娘、しかも外様大名の姫というのは全く前例がなかったからである。
- It was because of the tradition that shogun's lawful wife must be a daughter from Gosekke (five families of Fujiwara clan) or from Miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family) and it was unprecedented for a daughter of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) especially tozama daimyo (non-Tokugawa daimyo) to become shogun's lawful wife.
- 日付をずらす理由は、すべての僧侶・門徒は御正忌報恩講期間中に上山する(本山に参拝する)のが、慣わしとされる為である。
- The reason why they change the dates for the service is that it is a custom for every priest and believer to visit the head temple during Goshoki Hoon-ko.
- これが出挙の前身ではないかと考えられており、少なくとも7世紀中期までに利子の慣行が発生していたことの傍証とされている。
- This is believed to be the predecessor of Suiko, regarded as a corroboration of the opinion that a system charging and paying interest had already existed by the middle of the seventh century at the latest.
- こうした風潮は江戸時代前期まで慣習法として継続されるが、文治政治への転換の中で儒学者達からの批判を受けることとなった。
- This tide remained as the common law up to the early part of the Edo period; and when the government changed its policy to bunjiseiji (civil government), it was criticized by Confucians.
- 少女が掛ける赤い半襟から一人前の女性の白い半襟へ襟を掛け替える習慣を言い、半玉、舞妓などの雛妓が芸妓となることを指す。
- It means the practice of changing red haneri of young girls for white haneri of adult women, and in karyukai, it refers the promotion from hinakko, such as hangyoku (child geisha) and maiko (apprentice geisha), to geigi (geisha).
- 禅僧が修行を終えた弟子に自分の肖像画(頂相)に画讃をいれて、弟子に与える習慣が、鎌倉時代以降、禅宗とともに導入された。
- The practice of a Zen monk giving his portrait (or called Chinzo) with gasan to his disciple after he had completed ascetic training was introduced together with the Zen sect after the Kamakura period.
- 現在でも雷(稲妻)が落ちた場所で特に水田などでは青竹で囲い、注連縄をはって、五穀豊穣を願う慣わしが各地で行われている。
- Currently, places where lightning strikes (in particular when in rice paddies) are cordoned off with green bamboo from which a Shimenawa rope is then strung around. It is the custom in various regions of Japan to then pray for a bountiful crop.
- 主に東北・北海道地方において、12月12日(一部で1月12日)には山林での作業を一切行わない林業者の慣習が残っている。
- Mainly in Tohoku and Hokkaido regions, there is a remaining forestry custom in which no one works in the mountain and woods on December 12 (or on January 12 in some regions).
- 「武家の棟梁となる将軍に就く家柄は、清和源氏に連なる家系に限る」という認識が武家の間でまことしやかに慣例となっていた。
- It was customarily accepted by the warrior families that 'the families that could rise to Shogun, leader of the samurai, were limited to those extending from the Seiwa Genji.'
- 名跡の襲名は歌舞伎や落語等の寄席演芸、家元制度を採る各種の芸能、芸道に多く見られる、日本独特の制度・慣習の一種である。
- Succession of Myoseki `names` from one's predecessor is a system or custom unique to Japanese and often seen to occur in entertainment and accomplished art circles (including kabuki, and `rakugo` comic storytelling), which maintain `iemoto` systems (where the teaching and handing down of such traditional Japanese arts/pursuits is licensed).
- ただし、近衛大将との兼務が慣例とされたためにその官位相当は従三位と大幅に上昇しており、馬寮では名目上の最高職であった。
- However, since it was conventional to double as Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), its equivalent official court rank was largely promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), and was the highest in Meryo nominally.
- それは、社会の習慣や制度は生物と同様で相応の理由と必要性から発生したものであり、無理に変更すれば当然大きな反発を招く。
- He meant that any social custom or system is similar to that of nature, while they have been derived from proper reasoning and necessity, therefore unreasonable attempt at changing them would inevitably lead to a strong resistance.
- 備中国の永銭勘定や九州北部・四国西部の銭匁札などと並んで、江戸時代の貨幣経済システムを語る場合に興味深い商習慣である。
- This is an interesting business custom when talking about the monetary economy system in the Edo period, together with the Eisen-kanjo (a calculational procedure using Eiraku-tsuho [bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty] as a fictional unit) in Bitchu Province and senme-satsu in the northern part of Kyushu and in the western part of Shikoku.
- この場合の支払通貨、為替相場および手数料等については、関係各国の法令、慣習および関係銀行所定の手続に従うこととします。
- In this case, laws, regulations, customs and practices of the relevant countries, as well as certain procedures prescribed by the Banks Concerned, shall be observed in respect to the currency of payment, foreign exchange rate, charges and such.
- 古くは茶事・茶会のたびに作ることがなされており,そのため保存しておく習慣がなく、古い時代のものはあまり残されてはいない。
- In ancient times, every time when a tea ceremony or a tea party was convened, Chashaku were freshly made without being stored, so there is only a handful of preserved Chashaku from the ancient times.
- 時間帯によって走る列車種別や停車駅が変わることや運転系統が複雑なことから、慣れない利用者にはわかりにくいのが難点である。
- The problem is that for the passengers who aren't accustomed to the line it's difficult to understand the operation system because the type of trains or stations at which to stop varies according to the hours, and the operation routes are complicated.
- 明治に入ると、旧来の慣習である譜代下人(家抱)は、身分の解禁および呼称の禁止が1872年の法令で発せられ、終焉を迎えた。
- An old custom, Fudai genin (in other words, Keho) ended in the Meiji period since the release of social status and the prohibition of naming were issued in an ordinance in 1872.
- 大史は正六位、少史は正七位相当であった(同官位令)が、鎌倉時代までに左大史上首が五位に昇る慣例ができ、大夫史と呼ばれた。
- Daishi corresponded to Senior Sixth Rank and Shoshi corresponded to Senior Seventh Rank (Taihorei Kanirei), and until the Kamakura period, it became a practice that Sadaishijoshu was promoted to Fifth Rank and called Taifushi.
- この時の秀忠隊は信濃の外様大名と、上杉・中山道に対処する部隊としての慣例により隣接地に封地を持つ譜代大名で構成していた。
- The Hidetada's troops at that time consisted of Tozama daimyo in Shinano Province and Fudai daimyo (hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) who had their territory along the Uesugi Nakasendo Road, according to a custom of troops which went through the road.
- 神仏分離(しんぶつぶんり)は、神仏習合の慣習を禁止し、神道と仏教、神 (神道)と仏、神社と寺院とをはっきり区別させること。
- Shinbutsu-bunri is to prohibit conventional syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and to distinguish between Shintoism and Buddhism, Kami (Shinto) and Buddha, and shrines and temples.
- しかし、戦時中に限らず皇族の凶事がしばらく秘匿されるのは明治以前からの慣習であり、なにも能久親王が特別のことではなかった。
- However, even before Meiji period, it was customary that misfortunes happened in the imperial family were concealed for a while not only during wartime but also during peacetime and thus the case of Prince Yoshihisa was not special.
- 「基」と命名されたのであれば、まだ親王宣下の慣行が存在しない当時、誕生とともに自動的に「基親王」とされたはずだからである。
- Since there was no custom of giving the title of Imperial Prince by an imperial order at the time, he should have been automatically given the title of 'Prince Motoi' upon his birth if he was named as 'Motoi.'
- また天皇妃が出産する際には、妃はもちろん、その世話をする女房も白づくめの十二単をまとう慣例になっていた(『紫式部日記』)。
- When a wife of an Emperor gave birth, it was conventional that she and her nyobo wear all-white juni-hitoe (according to the 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki' [The Diary of Lady Murasaki]).
- この目的で建立されるのが茶筅塚で、現在では全国各地に見られるが、これは大正から昭和にかけて広まった比較的新しい習慣らしい。
- Although the mound for used chasen, built for this service, is found throughout the country today, making the mound is thought to be a relatively new custom that became widespread from the Taisho to Showa periods.
- 基本的には、収縮課目であるか否かで乗蘭と燕尾服の使用が分かれるような慣習があり、収縮課目では燕尾服とするのが一般的である。
- The dress code is basically different with classes; the tailcoat is required in the top class competitions and the evening dress is required in the other competitions.
- ために、「士族の商法」と呼ばれた慣れない商売に失敗して没落する士族が続出し、政府への不満は征韓論や西南戦争へ繋がっていく。
- As a result of this, people in the warrior class failed in their unaccustomed businesses called 'shizoku no shoho' (former-samurai way of business) one after another, and the discontent with the government led to the argument for Seikanron (the conquest of Korea) and the outbreak of the Seinan War
- だが、そうした公家社会の慣習に囚われない実力者・義満についていく方が自身と一族の将来のためにも有望であると考えたのである。
- Ariyo came to think that he would follow Yoshimitsu who had great influence and was free from the customs of the court noble society to benefit himself and his family in the future.
- 徳川将軍家では三代家光以降慣例となった五摂家または宮家出身の御台所(将軍正室)で次期将軍生母となった人物は存在していない。
- In the Tokugawa Shogun family, it became convention since the third shogun, Iemitsu, to obtain midaidokoro (shogun's legitimate wife) from Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) or Miyake (families allowed to be in status of Imperial family); no Midaidokoro from Gosekke or Miyake became the real mother of the next shogun.
- 大宰府の長官は現地に赴任しないのが当時の慣例になっていて、日宋貿易を直接掌握する狙いがあったとしても不可解な行動といえる。
- As it had been standard practice at that time that the chief of Dazaifu remained in the capital rather than relocating to the Province, Yorimori's action was incomprehensible, even taking into consideration the fact that he aimed to directly assume control of trade between Japan and Sung China.
- 以後、西園寺家から中宮を出す慣例の先駆となるとともに、持明院統(後深草天皇の系譜)が幕府と近い関係を持つきっかけとなった。
- With this, the Saionji family established their precedent of producing Empresses, and in addition, used this as the impetus to forge close ties between the Jimyoin imperial lineage (the genealogy beginning with Emperor Gofukakusa) and the bakufu.
- その橋の名前から、嫁入り前の女性や縁談に関わる人々は嫁が実家に戻って来てはいけないと、この橋に近づかないという習慣がある。
- There is a custom where women to be married and people involved with match making avoid this bridge because its name suggests that a married woman will return back to her home after divorce.
- こうした慣習は古代から存在したが、鎌倉時代には訴訟当事者が有利な判決を得るために担当者を宴会に招く事がしばしば行われていた。
- This kind of custom had existed since ancient times, and then, in the Kamakura period, a party to a suit often invited those in charge of the case to a drinking party to receive a favorable sentence.
- 但し、天皇の女子一般を皇女と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇女、第二皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But, it remained as the customs to generally call the emperors' daughters Himemiko, which became to be often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors as the first Himemiko, second Himemiko.
- 当初は存命中に譲位した天皇を指すものであったが、在位中に崩御した天皇に対しても追号として院号を贈る慣例が出来るようになった。
- At first, Ingo indicated an emperor who left his throne while he was alive, but it became a custom to confer Ingo as a posthumous title on the Emperor who passed away during his reign.
- 尚、近年では旧内務省 (日本)系官庁の事務次官あるいはそれに準ずるポスト(警視総監)の経験者が就任するのが慣例となっている。
- In recent year, it has become an institution that the deputy secretary such as former Ministry of Interior or one who experienced an equal post (the Tokyo Metropolitan Police commissioner) takes up the grand steward position.
- 歌舞伎や商業演劇のように、一座の座頭や花形役者が明確に決まっている場合、下回りの役者に対して座長が振る舞いをする習慣もある。
- When the head performer or a star performer is fixed as in kabuki and commercial theatrical performances, it is also customary that the performer entertains the lower-ranked performers on the senshuraku day.
- 江戸時代には、武家方では袴を着用することが常であったのに対し、町人にはその習慣がなかったため、町方特有の風俗であるとされた。
- In the Edo period, while the samurai warriors always put on hakama, the commoners in towns didn't have that convention, and therefore, kinagashi was thought to be a custom peculiar to the townspeople.
- 女性のいわゆる「嫁入り道具」の一つとして雙六盤(盤双六を遊ぶ盤)を持たせる慣習のある地域が江戸時代後期頃までは存在していた。
- Until around the end of the Edo period, in some regions, when a woman got married, a Sugoroku board was traditionally brought with her as one of her belongings.
- 当初、中世以来の慣行に従って中宮職を付置され、中宮と称されたが、翌年、中宮職が皇后宮職に改められ、称号も皇后宮と改められた。
- In the beginning, she was placed in the Chugushiki (Office of the Consort's Household) and was called Chugu following the tradition from the Medieval Period, but in the following year, the Chugushiki was changed to Kogogushiki (Queen-consort's Household Agency) and her title also changed to Kisai no Miya (empress).
- 海から著しく隔たった山村等の一部で、鯨肉の塩蔵品等が貴重視され、行事のときの料理に使う習慣が受け継がれてきた地域が存在する。
- In some mountain villages extremely far from sea, the whale meat preserved in salt was highly valued and the custom of using the meat for dishes on event occasions has been handed down.
- こうした勅使が下向・大名が饗応という一連の慣例が確立したのは「徳川実紀」で見たところ寛永9年(1632年)の時のようである。
- According to 'Tokugawa Jikki' (collection of official records of the Edo bakufu), it was 1632 when a series of custom (imperial messengers leave the capital and daimyo entertain them) was established.
- 伊達政宗以降、武家官位としての陸奥守の職は伊達家当主・仙台藩主に与えられるのが慣例となり、代々伊達氏が世襲し幕末まで続いた。
- Since Masamune DATE it became customary that the position of Mutsu no kami as an official court title for samurai was granted to the family head of the Date family or the lord of the Sendai Domain, that is, the position was taken over by the Date clan by heredity till the end of Edo period.
- 特に大臣家以上の公卿の子弟に対して御室御所と敬称する習慣もあり、御所号は皇室のみならず、公家・武家の高位者にも広く用いられた。
- There was a custom to refer to children of high nobles ranking higher than ministers as Omuro Gosho, and thus the gosho-go was widely given not only to the Imperial Family but also to high-ranking nobles and samurai families.
- 刈田行為は、検断沙汰に含まれる以前は当時の社会で広く受容されていた自力救済慣行の一つとして認識されていたものと考えられている。
- Before the karita act became subject to kendan-sata, it looks to have been recognized as one of self-defense remedial practices which were widely accepted in society at that time.
- 世界各地の農業社会では、その初期の頃から、播種期に種子を貸与し、収穫期に利子を付けて返済させる慣行が生まれたと考えられている。
- In the agrarian society worldwide, it is thought that a system, in which seeds were loaned to peasants in the planting season to make them pay back the loaned seeds and the born interest in the harvesting season, was launched in the early days.
- 折り図では、慣例的に、山折り線を一点鎖線(「―・―・―・―・―」)、谷折り線を破線(「― ― ― ― ―」)で表すことが多い。
- Conventionally, in the diagram, dashed-dotted lines ('-・-・-・-・-') and broken lines ('- - - - -') show the mountain fold and the valley fold, respectively.
- 現在の茶道では、通常茶入に濃茶を、薄茶器に薄茶をいれるという使い分けが定着しているが、これは江戸時代になってからの習慣である。
- In the current tea ceremony, it has become customary to use chaire to pour the koicha (thick tea) and usuchaki to pour the usucha (thin tea), but this custom only started in the Edo period.
- 京都市民はこの交差点付近のことを河原町御池交差点と呼ぶことが多く、場所を示すために「市役所前」と呼ぶ習慣は余り見られなかった。
- To indicate the area around this crossing, residents of Kyoto have mostly used the expression of the Kawaramachi Oike crossing, so the expression 'Shiyakusho-mae' is rarely used.
- 『十訓抄』では飼っている蜂の一匹一匹に名前を付けては自由に飼い慣らして、気に入らない人間を蜂に命じて刺させたと伝えられている。
- According to 'Jikkinsho' (Miscellany of Ten Maxims), he gave a name to each bee and tamed them and he ordered and the bees to sting each person he did not like.
- 義嗣は、嫡男以外は出家させる慣例に従って三千院に入室したが、義満は応永15年(1408年)に家の定めを破って義嗣を還俗させた。
- Following the custom of having illegitimate sons become priests, Yoshitsugu joined the Sanzenin order; however, in 1408, Yoshimitsu broke with this custom and brought Yoshitsugu back to secular life.
- 文政7年(1824年)5月元服、二条家の慣例に従って征夷大将軍徳川家斉の偏諱を受け斉敬を名とし、9歳にして従五位下に叙せらる。
- In May 1824, Nariyuki celebrated genpuku (attainment of manhood) whereby, in accordance with the practice of the Nijo family, being granted to use a portion of the real name of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Ienari TOKUGAWA, he changed his name to Nariyuki and was conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at age of 9.
- この大宰府の長官として帥は位置づけられるが、弘仁年間以後には皇族が列せられる慣例があることから、実質的な支配権は権帥が握った。
- Dazai no sochi was regarded as the head of Dazaifu, but as there was a convention to appoint the Imperial family members to the position after the Konin era, the virtual control was held by Dazai Gonnosochi.
- 今日、勲等に叙す慣例がなくなり勲章の授与を叙勲と称することになったことで、叙勲は勲章を授与すること自体を指す意味が強くなった。
- Since the institution of bestowal of the medals for merit has been abolished and bestowal of the decoration is called 'the bestowal of the medals for merit' instead, 'the bestowal of the medals for merit' has increasingly come to mean the bestowal of the decoration.
- 奈良町の魅力は何世代にもわたる住民の生活習慣や文化的伝統が土地柄に染み込み、路地に息づく庶民的な暮らしが現在に継承されている。
- Attraction of Naramachi is that lifestyle and cultural tradition of its residents have been ingrained in the character of the locality for generations and the livelihood of ordinary people that remain vibrant today.
- 本所法には、荘務権を有する本所と称される権門が属する法体系に根源を持つものと荘園内部における慣習法が本所に容認されたものがある。
- There were two main origins of the Honjo law: one was in a legal structure that had governed the influential families called honjo, which owned Shomuken (the authority of the jurisdiction and the administration of Shoen), and the other was the common law in Shoen that became approved by the honjo.
- これらを国宝等の指定対象外とするということは文化財保護法に明文規定があるわけではなく、第二次世界大戦以前からの慣例となっている。
- This exclusion from consideration regarding being designated national treasures, etc. is not due to an actual clause in the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, but rather to precedent, which has been in place since before World War II.
- 東アジアから喫茶の習慣が伝わった当初は、把手のないカップが主流であったが、次第に把手付きのものが増え、やがてこれが普通となった。
- When the habit of drinking tea was brought from East Asia, the cups were normally without handles, but gradually cups with handles have spread and become common.
- 当然ながら「坂東王国」であるなら朝廷の慣習を踏襲する必要は全く無く、常陸守や上総守を任命すべきであるが、何故か介を任命している。
- It goes without saying that the 'Bando Kingdom' (the kingdom of an old Kanto region) was not required to follow the customs of the Imperial Court, so a Hitachi no kami and a Kazusa no kami should have been appointed, but, for some inexplicable reason, a suke was assigned to these provinces instead.
- 第十条第一号又は第二号に該当するものを内蔵した慣性航法装置又はジャイロ天測航法装置の設計又は製造に係る技術(プログラムを除く。)
- The technology (excluding programs) pertaining to the design or manufacture of inertial navigation systems or gyro-astro compasses for celestial navigation that incorporate items that fall under Article 10, item (i) or item (ii)
- 別家に養子に出た慶喜との同居は武家社会の慣習上出来なかったが、親しく文通を行い、頻繁に交流していた様子が残っている書簡から伺える。
- Because of the customs of the samurai society at that time, she was not allowed to live with her child, Yoshinobu who had been adopted by a different family; However, the remaining letters show that she and Youshinobu closely corresponded and frequently communicated.
- また、国家への強制に基づく条約調印を無効とする国際慣習法上の規範もしくは規則が1905年にはなかったと考える立場からの主張もある。
- There is also a claim from the position in which they think that in 1905 there were no norms or regulations in the international common law which could invalidate a conclusion of a treaty based on compulsion against a state.
- ただし、これらの木製茶器を薄茶器に用いる習慣は、あくまで江戸時代になって濃茶と薄茶を別の容器に入れるようになってからのものである。
- However, the custom of using these wooden tea caddy for thin tea started only in the Edo period, when the powdered tea for thick tea and that for thin tea came to be contained in different types of containers.
- なお、民衆の間でも信仰の顕れとして登山を行う習慣があり、現在でも、霊場といわれる山岳をはじめとして、山には多くの人々が登っている。
- Additionally, it is a custom among the people to climb mountains as a sign of faith, and even today, many people climb mountains including those considered sacred grounds.
- そのような中で義満時代以来恒例であった大覚寺門跡が室町殿を訪れて祈祷を行う慣例が途絶え、義昭と義教の仲は次第に疎遠となっていった。
- Among these circumstances, the custom of the visits and invocations by Daikakuji monseki at Muromachi-dono, since the era of Yoshimitsu, discontinued, and the relationship between Gisho and Yoshinori gradually became estranged.
- 当時の医学の慣例に倣って「本道」と呼ばれた内科を担当する医師と外科をはじめ眼科・歯科・鍼灸などを一括した「雑科」に分けられていた。
- In accordance to medical practices at that time, there were physicians in charge of 'hondo,' or internal medicine, and others called 'zakka' covering all other areas of medical care including surgery, ophthalmology, dentistry, acupuncture and moxibustion.
- 藤原氏をはじめとして名家の子弟や家長などは、一定の年齢に達すると、その実力とは別に、自動的に官位が与えられるのが慣習となっていた。
- At that time, there was a custom where family heads or sons of prestigious families, including the Fujiwara family, were automatically given official ranks, regardless of their ability, when they reached a certain age.
- このことから、水商売の現場で働く人々が仕事の上で使う名前を源氏物語とは特に関係が無くとも源氏名と呼ぶようになり、慣習となっている。
- Moreover, from that point onwards the names lost all sense of linkage with the Genji Monogatari once workers in the bar and nightlife industry called themselves by such names in the workplace and now it bacame tradition.
- 組合の会計は、この法律及びこの法律に基づく経済産業省令の規定によるほか、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の慣行に従うものとする。
- The accounting of the Partnership shall be governed by generally accepted corporate accounting practices as well as this Act and the Ordinances of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry made under this Act.
- このように、幕府が紫衣の授与を規制したにもかかわらず、後水尾天皇は従来の慣例通り、幕府に諮らず十数人の僧侶に紫衣着用の勅許を与えた。
- Although the bakufu regulated the presenting of Shie, Emperor Gomizunoo followed the previous tradition of giving Imperial decrees, allowing the wearing of Shie by about 15 Buddhist monks without asking for the bakufu's opinion.
- こうなると外交交渉の経験が少なく、国際慣習を知らない明治政府はどうしようもなく、事件はその後3年間も放置されることとなってしまった。
- That floored the Meiji Government, which had little experience of diplomatic negotiations and no knowledge of international customs, and the case was left untouched for the subsequent three years.
- また粗末に扱ったり供養を絶やすと、付喪神となり荒ぶるとする考えから、役目を終えた道具や生き物に対する供養を行う習慣につながっている。
- The practice of holding memorial services for tools and living things that had served their purposes derived from the belief that such things would become violent Tsukumogami if people treated them without due respect or did not hold memorial services for them.
- 構造としては名前の通り「丈の短い袿」で、唐衣や表衣と同様に高価な織物から調製されるのを慣例とし、これを着用するときには裳をつけない。
- As the name implies, these were short uchiki and like karaginu and uwagi, they were usually made of expensive fabric but were worn without a mo (a kind of stylized apron).
- 興行の中で、初日・中日(なかび)・千秋楽の3日が特に重要な日として考えられており、出演者が互いに楽屋を訪れ挨拶するなどの習慣がある。
- When plays on the same program are performed for days, the three days of shonichi (the first day), nakabi (the middle day) and senshuraku (the final day) are considered to be the most important ones, and it is customary that the performers visit each other at their respective backstage rooms and pay their compliments to each other.
- ドイツでは改暦の時期が領邦によりまちまちだったため、スラッシュ(/)で新旧の日付を併記したり日付に都市名を添えたりする習慣が続いた。
- In Germany a different territorium reformed its old calendar at a different time, so that both old and new calendar dates were written side by side or the name of a city was added to a date, and such customs remained for some time.
- これら令外の官と既存の律令体制における官制との間の交渉は既存の律令法上に明確な規定がない以上、畢竟慣習による蓄積によらざるをえない。
- For negotiation between such ryoge no kan and organizations of government according to the ritsuryo codes basically had to be done by accumulation through customs because there was no clear stipulation in the existing ritsuryo codes.
- そこで、源頼朝以来の御家人に関わる慣習や明文化されていなかった取り決めを基に、土地などの財産や守護・地頭などの職務権限を明文化した。
- Therefore, based on conventions of shogunal retainers since MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and agreements which had until then not clearly been stated, properties such as land and authorities of shugo (military governors) and jito were stipulated.
- 申込者の意思表示又は取引上の慣習により承諾の通知を必要としない場合には、契約は、承諾の意思表示と認めるべき事実があった時に成立する。
- In cases where no notice of acceptance is required due to the offeror's manifestation of intention or usage of trade, the contract shall be formed upon the occurrence of any fact which ought to be regarded as a manifestation of intention of acceptance.
- 律令法(りつりょうほう)は律令格式(きゃくしき)などの制定法および平安時代になって律令を基礎にして成立した各種の慣習法をふくめたもの。
- Ritsuryo law includes statutory laws such as; codes and ethics covering conduct, and various common laws established in the Heian period based upon ritsuryo.
- 但し、天皇の男子一般を皇子と呼ぶ習慣は残り、第一皇子、第二皇子、第一皇女というように、天皇との続柄を指す場合に多用されるようになった。
- But it remained as customs to generally call the emperors' sons Miko, and then the naming became often used to refer to their relationship with the emperors such as the first Miko, the second Miko, or the first Himemiko.
- 従って、毛利家・毛利氏としては季光が初代とするのが相当であるが、毛利家の慣習上、アメノホヒを初代とするため、季光は39代とされている。
- Therefore, Suemitsu should actually be the forefather of the Mori family and the Mori clan; however, as it is the custom of their family to regard Amenohohi (a male Shinto god) as the first head of the family, Suemistu is said to be the 39th head of the clan.
- 当時の国際慣習を知らない明治政府は、この出兵の際に清国への通達をせず、また清国内に権益を持つ列強に対しての通達・根回しを行わなかった。
- The Meiji Government with no knowledge of international customs at that time not only hadn't notified Qing before dispatching troops but neither informed the great powers with interests in Qing nor laid the groundwork.
- 神武天皇の即位年月日は、『日本書紀』の記述に基づいて、明治以来、法的・慣習的に紀元前660年の旧暦元旦、新暦の2月11日とされている。
- The enthronement date of Emperor Jimmu has been considered to have been determined on the basis of the description in Nihonshoki to be New Year's Day (of the old calendar) or February 11th (of the new calendar) in 660 B.C. legally and conventionally since the Meiji period.
- 有栖川宮家にはすでに熾仁親王という嫡子がいたため、稠宮は親王家の慣例に従い、然るべき年齢に達した後に妙法院の門跡となることが内定した。
- Since Imperial Prince Taruhito was the oldest son in Arisugawa no Miya family, Sawanomiya was decided unofficially to enter into the Myoho-in Temple and become a priest-prince when he reached the appropriate age, following the custom of the Imperial family.
- なお、小型捕鯨業では、伝統的に捕鯨従事者への一種の現物支給として鯨肉分配がされる習慣があり、現在でも一部でそうした利用が継続している。
- In the small-scale whaling business, it has been traditional custom that whale meat is allotted to each worker engaged in hunting whales as a kind of material compensation, and use of the meat through such custom is still existing in some areas.
- 当時の武家社会でも男子はともかく女性は助けられるのが慣例であり、秀吉が秀次の妻妾子女ほぼ全員を処刑したのはそれを無視したものであった。
- In the samurai society at that time, women were accustomed to being treated differently from men, but Hideyoshi ignored this by executing almost all the family members of Hidetsugu; a wife, concubines, and children.
- 平安時代後期には刑事事件に関する職権行使のために律令とはちがった性質の「庁例」(使庁の流例ともいわれた慣習法)を適用するようになった。
- In the late Heian period, 'Cho-Rei' (a common law called a historical custom of the Kebiishicho), different from the Ritsuryo Code, was applied in order to exercise the authority of the Kebiishi in criminal cases.
- また縁起をかついで代数をいい数にずらすことがあること、(落語の場合は)いわゆる前座名は代数としてカウントしないという慣習の存在もある。
- Sometimes, the number order of generations was adjusted to reflect an auspicious/lucky number, and there is a custom of not counting zenza-mei (preliminary names) as Myoseki (conceivably a major inconsistency in defining the numbering of generations).
- また、先祖が補任された官職を子孫が継承するケースも現れるなど、朝廷の関知しない、武士が自ら官名を名乗る自官という慣習が定着していった。
- Also there appeared other cases in which offspring succeeded government posts which their ancestors had been appointed to, and thus a new custom of jikan, in which samurai used a government post at his own initiative without permission from the Imperial Court, became established.
- なお、インドのヒンドゥー教徒やジャイナ教徒にも不殺生として菜食を習慣とする人がいるが、精進料理は基本的に仏教と関係したものに限られる。
- Although there are some people among the believers of Hinduism and Jainism in India who eat only vegetables as a practice of ahimsa, the term of Shojin ryori is basically used in connection with Buddhism.
- 荘園制を基礎にして発達した本所もその一つであるが、地方の行政組織の内部に発達してきた国衙法(こくが)ともいうべき慣習法もその一例である。
- Honjo (proprietor or guarantor of the manor) which developed, based on the shoen system, is one example, as well as common law that can be referred to as Kokuga (provincial government headquarters) law, that developed within provincial governmental organizations.
- 1947年(昭和22年)に旧皇族が皇籍離脱する前までは宮家の数が多く、父宮の嗣子として宮家を継ぐべき王子をこのように称する慣習があった。
- Until 1947, when former Imperial families renounced their status, there had been many Miyakes and a custom to call the prince who was an heir to his father who was to succeed the Miyake, 'Wakamiya'.
- 例えば、国司の赴任の際に在庁官人らが椀飯を奉って歓迎の饗宴を行う慣例が行われるようになり、在庁官人から武士に椀飯の慣習が広まっていった。
- For example, local officials served oban as a welcome banquet for the newly appointed Kokushi and this custom of oban spread from local officials to the bushi (samurai) class.
- 律令の規定がかなりの程度で徹底実施されていたとする説や、依然として慣習法による統治もなされていたとする説など、様々な意見が出されている。
- There are various opinions about the enforcement of the Ritsuryo system, with some theories claiming that the stipulations of the Ritsuryo system were strictly enforced, and others that common law was still used in ruling the country.
- 従来の日本の食慣習に沿った方式ではあるが、この場合しばしば、ご飯は「ライス」と呼ばれ、茶碗に盛った和食のそれとは別のものとして扱われる。
- This is a style following the conventional Japanese eating habits, but in this case the rice is often called 'raisu' and treated as different from that served in a bowl in Japanese food.
- 10月16日の例祭に、1年間に誕生した子供全員の祈祷をする慣例があり、由緒は不明ながらも地域全体で子供たちの無事な成長を願うものである。
- In Reisai (regular festival) on October 16, the whole community prays for all the children who were born within the year so that they grow up well, although the origin is not certain.
- 通常、このような重要なシーンは俳優やスタッフが慣れてから行うのが普通で、まして石原裕次郎は当時まったくの新人であり、無謀な撮影であった。
- This kind of important scene was usually shot after actors and staff got used to the shot, and in addition, Yujiro ISHIHARA was a new face at that time so that it was a reckless shot.
- 忠臣の官位が低すぎる事を危惧する声もある中、適切な対応を取って使者の接待の宴席で行われる慣例があった漢詩の作成も秀逸なものを書き上げた。
- Although there was some concern over his low rank, he dealt with the case appropriately and the customary Chinese poem he wrote at the welcome banquet for the messenger was superb.
- 中納言・参議(位階)としては二位・三位)との兼官が多く、また左右衛門督を加えた計4名のうちの1人が検非違使別当を兼ねるのが慣例であった。
- The Captain often served concurrently as Middle Counselor or Royal Advisor (Second Rank or Third Court Rank), and traditionally, one out of four Captains, including Captains of the Left and the Right Divisions of the Outer Palace Guard, served as the head of the Police and Judicial Chief offices.
- 『風土記』ではこれらの例を「諺」といっており、枕詞がことわざと同じように、習慣化した、決まり文句という扱いをうけていたことが想像される。
- In 'Fudoki' these instances are called 'kotowaza' (諺, which means a proverb), so it is thought that makurakotoba were treated as habitualized and fixed phrases as well as kotowaza.
- 太閤検地では室町期以来、慣行となっていた地下請を継承して、村が一括して年貢を納入する村請(むらうけ)が採用され、江戸幕府も村請を継続した。
- In Taiko-kenchi, the jigeuke, which had been a customary practice since the Muromachi period, was succeeded and the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment), where one village was responsible for the collective tax payment, was applied and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also succeeded the murauke system.
- この判決は慣習法に則した「姦夫姦婦殺害」の容認という発想は、家庭内にまで領主権力を及ぼしたい戦国大名に歓迎され、分国法に次々と導入された。
- This ruling backed by the concept of approving 'murder of adulterer and adulteress' based on common law was welcomed by Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and was introduced in one bunkokuho (the law individual Sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) after another.
- 総大将の義清は船戦に慣れた平氏軍を前に大敗を喫し、海野幸広や同母弟の義長らとともに矢の雨に浴びせられて、壮絶な戦死を遂げた(水島の戦い)。
- Yoshikiyo suffered a crushing defeat as supreme commander by the Taira clan's army who were accustomed to fighting on ships, and along with Yukihiro UNNO, his younger paternal half-brother Yoshinaga and many others, he was killed in a fierce battle from a barrage of falling arrows (the battle at Mizushima).
- しかし、さすがに朝廷や幕府など公式な場で用いるわけにはいかず、官途私称を憚る目的から、正式な官途名を工夫して、略して称する習慣が生まれた。
- As might be expected, however, such name could not be used at official places like the Imperial Court or the bakufu (Japanese feudal government), so with the intention to avoid privately using the government post names, a custom was born to use abbreviations of official government posts.
- 女御(にょうご)…本来は嬪の別称であったが、後に皇后・中宮に次ぐ地位とされてこれらの地位に昇る予定の女性でもまず女御になるのを慣例とした。
- Nyogo: Originally a nyogo referred to another name for Hin (a mistress) but this term evolved into a position of one in pursuit of the rank of an empress and chugu; therefore, a lady who planed to become an empress or a chugu became a nyogo first, according to custom.
- 晩年において海軍における東郷の権威は絶大で、官制上の権限は無いにもかかわらず軍令・軍政上の大事は東郷にお伺いを立てることが慣例化していた。
- In his later years, Togo's enormous authority in the Navy made it a custom for the Navy to ask for his statements about military orders and martial laws although he had already stepped down from public office.
- まず、台湾における調査事業として臨時台湾旧慣調査会を発足させ京都帝国大学教授で法学者の岡松参太郎を招聘し、同時に自ら同会の会長に就任した。
- First, he founded the Special Taiwanese Custom and Practice Research Board, and invited Santaro OKAMATSU, a jurist and professor of Kyoto Imperial University, while he became the chairman of the board himself.
- だが、当時、国民は紙幣に不慣れで、また政府の信用が強固でなかったため、流通は困難で、紙幣100両をもって正金40両に交換するほどであった。
- However, since the Japanese people were not used to paper currency at the time and the new Meiji government had not yet gained public trust, the circulation of these bills was seriously restricted, and 100 ryo of Dajokan bills was often exchanged for 40 ryo of hard currency.
- 審査基準、処分基準又は行政指導指針であって、法令の規定により若しくは慣行として、又は命令等を定める機関の判断により公にされるもの以外のもの
- Review Standards, Disposition Standards or Administrative Guidance Guidelines, other than those available to the public, by the provisions of laws and regulations, by custom, or by the decision of the organs which have authority to establish Administrative Orders, etc.
- その形式主義的な機構は、行政の慣行と経験に基づいて形づくられた武家法の官制といちじるしく相違しており、律令法の基本的特徴の一つをなしている。
- Such a formalistic structure was markedly different from the rules on administrative organizations under samurai law, which were based on administrative practices and experiences, and is one of the basic features of ritsuryo law.
- 戦時には基本的に個々の兵士が兵糧を携帯するのが慣わしであったが、実際には大量の兵糧携帯が行軍の邪魔になることから数日分の持参が限界であった。
- Although it was a standard custom for each soldier to carry their own provisions, they were limited to carrying enough for only a few days since it was not practical to hinder the march by having them carry large loads.
- 平安~鎌倉期の慣習では、居館は年貢・公事が免除される土地とされており、それを根拠として、地頭は居館の周辺を免税地として直営するようになった。
- Since it was customary for residences to be exempted from taxation during the Heian and Kamakura periods, land stewards took advantage of this custom to place land around their residences under their direct management.
- これを農民らに負担を強いるようしむけたものだと考える研究者もいるが、差し戻し審を前回と別の裁判所で行うのは当時の慣例だったという主張もある。
- Some researchers say the trial was held at a court different from the previous court because that would put a greater burden on peasants, but other researchers say it was customary to hold trials at a different court in those days.
- また、内地人とは異なる慣習を持つ者が住む地域に対して内地に施行されていた法令をそのまま外地にも施行するのが相当かという実質的な問題も生じた。
- Also, a practical question arose about whether it was proper to apply the laws, which had been enforced in the inland, without any modifications to Gaichi, where residents had different customs from the inland inhabitants.
- 例えば戦後の荒廃時は、民主主義国として再構築を目指す中、日本に残る独特な封建的な制度・習慣がアメリカや西欧諸国と比較され批判的に検証された。
- For example, in the desolated days after the war, while Japan was aiming at reconstruction as a democratic nation, unique feudal system and custom left in Japan were critically inspected, being compared with those in the U.S. and the Western European countries.
- しかしこれは、代替わりに石清水八幡宮・賀茂神社へ社参するという慣例に反するものであり、園城寺・興福寺などは一斉に清盛へ反抗の姿勢を見せ始めた。
- But this was against tradition, which was to visit Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine and Kamo-jinja Shrine upon a change in emperor, leading to the Onjo-ji Temple and the Kofuku-ji Temple simultaneously starting to oppose Kiyomori.
- したがって継受法としての律令法と、大化前代の固有法との間には断絶があって、固有の慣習法を基礎として成立した武家法制とは性格を異にする点が多い。
- Therefore, there is a disconnect between the ritsuryo law which is the adopted law and the inherent law from the pre-Taika era, and its nature differs in many ways from the samurai legal system which was established based upon unique common law.
- そこで皇帝が早い段階で後継者に帝位を譲って太上皇となり王室内の最高意思決定と対外(中国)交渉を行い、皇帝は内政一般を扱うという慣習が成立した。
- Such background brought about the custom under which an emperor would pass the throne on to the successor at an early stage, and became a retired emperor to act as the top decision maker and dealt with foreign policy (China), while the new emperor dealt with domestic affairs.
- 宮中行事では黒が「喪の色」とされており黒留袖は着用しない慣例になっているため、叙勲その他の行事で宮中に参内する場合、色留袖が正式とされている。
- As black is regarded as a mourning color in the Imperial Court, Kurotomesode is customarily avoided to attend a function of the Court, instead, Irotomesode is regarded as formal wear to attend Imperial Court functions like the conferment ceremony of the decoration.
- 第四章の規定による措置その他この法律に基づく手続を実施するに当たり、国際の法規及び慣例によるべき場合にあっては、これを遵守しなければならない。
- Where controlled by international laws and customary practices, implementation of the measures pursuant to the provisions of Chapter IV or other procedures under this Act shall comply with such laws and practices.
- 二木謙一は、豊臣・羽柴の「賜姓」「授けられた」といった見方に対し、諸大名は公式には「羽柴姓」を記すことが当時の慣例であったとの推測を述べている。
- Contrary to the view of 'shinsei' (bestowing a surname) and 'granted' in the family names of TOYOTOMI and HASHIBA, Kenichi NIKI guessed that it had been the custom of the territorial lords to write 'the family name of HASHIBA' in an official manner at that time.
- 基本的に上記の歌舞伎と同じだが、化粧に慣れてない人が多いため、眉や口紅がかすれた感じになったりして、素人歌舞伎らしい素朴な感じになる場合が多い。
- The makeup of amateur Kabuki is basically the same as the Kabuki described above, but because most of the performers are not accustomed to wearing makeup, their painted eyebrows and lipstick often get blurred, giving the impression of amateur Kabuki.
- 江戸時代に戸籍管理を目的として、仏教宗派のいずれかの寺院か、神社への帰属が義務付けられた事によって様々な習慣が生まれたが、今は希薄となっている。
- In the Edo period, for the purpose of family registration control the public were required to belong to a temple of any sect or a shrine, which gave rise to various customs but those customs have become less common today.
- インドには豆類と各種スパイスで作る「ポディ」(Podi)というふりかけ状の保存食品があり、日本と同様に炊いた米飯にかけたりして食べる習慣がある。
- In India, there is a furikake-like preserved food called 'Podi' that is made of beans and various spices, which is sprinkled on top of steamed rice just like in Japan.
- 最近になって大統領金大中は諸国の慣例に従って「天皇」という称号を用いる様にマスコミ等に働きかけたがマスコミはそれに従う者と従わない者に二分した。
- Recently, the President Dae-jing KIM worked on the mass media to follow the custom of various countries and use the title 'Tenno,' but the mass media split into those that follow and those that do not.
- 正帥は「親王任ずる所の官」(『玉葉』)で権帥・大弐になることが慣例だったためである(紛糾したためか、結局は大宰権帥となることで落ち着いている)。
- This is because this position was 'a government position that should be assumed by a Prince' ('Gyokuyo' - Diary of Kanezane KUJO), and it was customary that the candidate become Gonnosochi (Provisional Governor-General) or Daini (perhaps because of complications, in the end he settled for the position of Dazai gon no sochi - Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices).
- ここでの常陸、上総の介は慣習上の長官という意味か、新皇直轄という意味か、将門記の記載のとおり朝廷には二心がなかったという意味なのかは不明である。
- It is not clear as to whether the Hitachi no suke, and the Kazusa no suke were under the customary control of the director general of these provinces, whether they were under the direct control of the New Emperor, or whether Masakado did not go aganst the system of the Imperial Court as described in the 'Shomonki (The Chronicle of Masakado).
- 「過料」や「過怠銭」またはそれに類する内容の財産刑は荘園における本所法や戦国大名における分国法、あるいは民間における法慣習としても行われていた。
- Karyo,' 'Katai-sen' and other similar punishments by the seizing assets were enforced under the Honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) law which dealt with shoen (manor in medieval Japan), the Bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced within their own domain) which dealt with daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period and the customary laws for commoners.
- 1113年(永久 (元号)元年)鳥羽天皇の病気平癒の修法の報償として、東寺結縁灌頂の小阿闍梨(こあじゃり)が僧綱に任じられる慣例のもとを築いた。
- In 1113 the custom that the Ko-Ajari (lower ranking high priest) ordained at To-ji Temple would become appointed to the Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) was established as thanks when Kanjo conducted a ritual that cured Emperor Toba's illness.
- なお、中世の法慣習では、支配権を有する領主や地頭などが検断権を持つこととされていたが、支配される側の惣村が検断権を持っていた点に大きな特徴がある。
- A major feature was that the laws and customs of the medieval period specified that a lord or a Jito who had the right to rule should have the right of kendan, but the soson under control had such a right.
- 江戸時代になると、応仁の乱以後の服飾習慣が固定化してしまい、公家社会でも高位の女官や大きな行事でもない限り、袿が着られることはなくなってしまった。
- By the Edo period, post Onin War customs had become fixed, and even in the court noble society, uchiki was worn only at a large event or by high-ranking court ladies.
- そのためには現職左大臣であった元皇族の源兼明を皇族に戻して(当時、左大臣は皇族が就けない慣習であった)頼忠をその後任として昇格させる必要があった。
- In order for Kanemichi to accomplish the above, he needed to have MINAMOTO no Kaneakira return to the Imperial family, (at that time there was a custom that the Imperial family was not allowed to become Sadaijin) and promote Yoritada as his successor.
- 脇坂氏は元外様大名であり、入譜代、つまり外様から願って譜代格に直してもらった家柄ではあったが、外様の家系は幕府の役職には就けないのが慣例であった。
- The Wakisaka clan was formerly related to a nonhereditary feudal lord, who applied for the rank of hereditary feudal lord, i.e., applied to the goverment for raising of the clan from a nonhereidtary feudal lord to a hereditary feudal lord, but there was a custom that prevented the descendants of nonhereditary feudal lord family from being appointed to an official position in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- これらは江戸時代以前の慣例による束帯を着た勅使が派遣され、随行の官人である弁官その他の「代」として、やはり古い故実に則った姿をした人々が奉仕する。
- Imperial messengers, wearing old ceremonial court dress, following customs from the pre-Edo period are sent, and people who also dress according to ancient fashion attend as 'representations' of accompanying government officials of the Overseeing Department, and others.
- 賢子を非常に寵愛した白河天皇は、重態に陥った時も宮中の慣例に反して退出を許さず、ついに崩御した際には亡骸を抱いて号泣し、食事も満足に取らなかった。
- Emperor Shirakawa, whose favorite was Kenshi, did not permit her to retire from the Imperial Court customs, and when she died, he cried heavily while cradling her dead body and lost his appetite.
- 幕府においては、御相伴衆となり将軍足利義政の信頼を得、寛正年間は毎年2月17日に義直の京屋形に義政が訪れるのが慣例となっていた(『蔭凉軒日録』)。
- In the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he assumed the position of oshobanshu (senior representative) and acquired the trust of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, who was shogun and, during Kansho era, it was a customary that Yoshimasa visit Yoshinao's kyoyakata (mansion in Kyoto) ('Inryoken Nichiroku,' a diary of the owner of Inryoken).
- 将軍の外出などに守護大名が随従する慣習は足利義満の頃には成立していたが、役職・身分としての相伴衆の成立は足利義教の永享年間であると推定されている。
- The custom of the shugo daimyo following Seii taishogun's lead was established around the era of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, but it is estimated that Shobanshu as a status and position was established during the era of Eikyo of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- 序盤は舟戦に慣れた平家が優勢だったが、義経の水手・梶取を射る奇策と阿波水軍の裏切りそして潮の流れが反転したことにより、平家の敗北は決定的になった。
- In the initial stage, the Taira family, which had been accustomed to sea battles, maintained superior position, but the defeat of the Taira family became decisive because of Yoshitsune's cunning tactics to shoot boatmen and steersmen, the betrayal of the navy of Awa Province, and a reversal of the tidal current.
- また、繰り返し読誦する場合は、一回目は、冒頭の「仏説」から読み始めるが、2回目以降の読誦では「仏説」を読まず、「摩訶」から読む慣わしとなっている。
- In the case where one reads and recites it repeatedly, traditionally he starts reading from 'Bussetsu' in the beginning for the first time but begins reading from 'Maka' for the second time without reading 'Bussetsu.'
- 公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しない慣習は、法令の規定により認められたもの又は法令に規定されていない事項に関するものに限り、法律と同一の効力を有する。
- Customs which are not against public policy shall have the same effect as laws, to the extent that they are authorized by the provisions of laws and regulations, or they relate to matters not provided for in laws and regulations.
- 地域の名称及び自己又はその構成員の業務に係る商品又は役務を表示するものとして慣用されている名称を普通に用いられる方法で表示する文字のみからなる商標
- a trademark consisting solely of characters indicating, in a common manner, the name of the region and the name customarily used as a name indicating the goods or services pertaining to the business of the applicant or its members; or
- 同様に、例えばミュンヘン一揆のように世界史における庶民や民衆運動による反乱、暴動も日本語訳されるときに一揆の語を当てることが慣用化している面がある。
- Conversely, a riot and a revolt caused by commoners and a popular movement in world history, such as the Munchen Putsch, have been commonly translated into Japanese with the use of the word 'ikki.'
- そのため、唐代末期以後に銅銭の穴に紐をとおして纏めた束一差しに一定枚数があればそれをもって100枚と見なすという短陌の慣習が形成されるようになった。
- In this way, the custom of tanhaku, in which a bundle of a certain number of copper coins held together by a piece of string was considered to be 100 coins, became established from around the end of the Tang Dynasty.
- 天徳 (日本)4年(960年)師輔は病に伏し、当時の慣習に従い剃髪出家しようとするが、村上天皇は勅使を送り、師輔の必要たるを励まし慰留しようとした。
- In 960, Morosuke fell ill, and following the custom at the time, decided to join the priesthood; however, Emperor Murakami sent an imperial messenger to persuade him that he was still needed and should remain.
- そもそも、律令制の観点からいえば、これは朝廷の預かり知らぬものであり、守護大名とその家臣の間での私称に過ぎず、本来ならば不当ともいえる慣行であった。
- In the first place, one can say it was essentially an invalid practice as it was no more than a private name between a vassal and his shugo daimyo, and was not under control of the Imperial Court.
- 江戸時代になると、中世末に一度没落し大名の地位を失った武士の家系などで、主に名主となって農村に残った旧臣たちに対して、官途状を発給する習慣が残った。
- After the Edo period, the custom remained among samurai families who once lost the position of daimyo during the end of mediaeval period to issue Kantojo mainly to their old retainer who stayed in villages.
- 当時の文書において「当国之例」といわれるような慣習法は、このような必要に基づくものであって、それは本所法とならんで、中世の武家法の基盤の一つとなった。
- The common law called 'tokoku no rei' appearing in texts of those days, was based on such necessity, and together with honjo law, became one of the foundations of medieval samurai law.
- 二人はそれまでの慣例を破って武智鉄二の演出した新劇や歌舞伎に出演するなど、積極的に他芸と交わっていったため、能楽協会から退会勧告を受けたこともあった。
- They broke an old custom and performed in a new type of drama, Shingeki, directed by Tetsuji TAKECHI, or Kabuki and positively interacted with other arts, for which they were once urged to leave the Noh Association.
- だが、後世に入ると武士や商人・農民など身分それぞれの必要に合わせた知識や慣習を盛り込んだものや習字用の「字尽し」など書簡形式をとらないものが著された。
- In later years, some oraimono were composed of knowledge and customs necessary for each social status, such as samurai, merchants and farmers, while 'Jizukushi,' which were not in the form of correspondence, were compiled for calligraphy practice.
- 織部の弟子である小堀遠州は作庭の名人として知られるが、席中の花と庭園の花が重複することは興を削ぐとして禁止し、以後の茶道界の大部分で慣習となっている。
- Enshu KOBORI, a disciple of Oribe, known as the master of landscape gardening, forbade overlapping of the flowers in a tea ceremony and those in the garden as it would spoil the interest, consequently it became a custom in most of the later tea ceremony world.
- また、近年では各種生活習慣病を予防する観点などから、栄養士の指導の元、野菜類などを多めに入れ、栄養バランスに配慮したものを作っている部屋も珍しくない。
- In recent years, from the viewpoint of the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, many sumo stables use more vegetables to cook nutritiously-balanced chankonabe under the dietician's instructions.
- 治承4年(1180年)2月に譲位して上皇となった高倉の最初の社参が、その年の3月から4月上旬にかけて、従来の慣例を破って安芸の厳島神社でおこなわれた。
- Takakura, who abdicated the throne and became the retired emperor in March 1180, firstly started Shasan (visit to shrines or temples) in Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in Aki Province, which broke the traditional custom, from April to early May in that year.
- これに対し四条中納言は、当時歌を詠まれれば返歌を行うのが礼儀であり習慣であったにも関らず、狼狽のあまり返歌も出来ずに立ち去ってしまい恥を掻いたという。
- On the contrary, Shijo Chunagon, who was so upset that he left without making a reply poem, disgraced himself in public, because it was against etiquette or custom in those days not to make a reply poem for the person who first composed a poem.
- もしこの慣習が続いていれば、例えば三笠宮崇仁親王の長男である寬仁親王は「三笠若宮」、秋篠宮文仁親王の長男である悠仁親王は「秋篠若宮」と称することになる。
- If the custom continued, then for example Imperial Prince Tomohito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Mikasanomiya Takahito would be called 'Mikasa no Wakamiya' and Imperial Prince Hisahito, the eldest son of Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito would be called 'Akishino no Wakamiya'.
- このため、初期の本所法も本所である権門の出自に属する公家法や寺社法、それに現地の慣習法や国衙が定めた国例などの地域独自の規定に拘束される場合が多かった。
- For this reason, the early honjo law was often constrained by court noble law and Jisha-ho (laws regarding shrines and temples) that governed the classes to which the honjo had originally belonged as the influential families, as well as by regionally specific regulations, such as local common law or Kokurei (a common law based on actual state of affairs in each area), which was enacted by the kokuga.
- しかし、平安時代に入ると、弘仁年間には議政官にも関わらず職封(封戸)が低かった参議に対して国守との兼務・遥任を認める例が慣例として現れた(参議兼国制)。
- However, entering the Heian period, the following custom began to be employed: When there was a Sangi (councilor) while being a legislator, was awarded with a small number of shikifu (or fuko) (families that the Sangi could control), he was appointed to kokushi as well, with his yonin approved, (called sangikenkokusei - literally, the system in which a Sangi was allowed to assume a kokushi as well).
- なお、施行当時より慣例的に「交替式」と呼ばれてきているが、律令法における格式のおける考え方からすれば、これは「格」にあたるのではないかとする意見もある。
- By the way, although it was called 'kotaishiki' (indicating a kind of 'shiki') from the time it was enforced for the first time, there is also the following opinion: According to the concept of 'kyakushiki' (kyaku indicates supplementary laws or regulations, and shiki indicates detailed rules for enforcing them) in the Ritsuryo laws, use of 'kyaku' is more appropriate.
- 食べなれない内は独特の腐敗臭が嫌われるが、魚肉のタンパク質がうまみ成分であるアミノ酸へ分解されるため、一旦慣れると病みつきになるほど美味であるとされる。
- It is said that although people dislike the distinctive smell of decay before getting used to it, Nare-zushi is as delicious and addicts people when they get used to such smell, because protein of fish meat is broken down into amino acid which brings a delicious taste.
- ただし、九州地方の一部では、初期の突取式捕鯨期には鯨油生産のみが行われて食用習慣が無く、皮下脂肪以外の鯨肉は沖合いに運んで廃棄していたという記録もある。
- However, in some parts of Kyushu, whales were only for producing oil and were not eaten in the hand-harpooning whaling era, and the record remains that the whale meat except subcutaneous fat were carried off the coasts and were dumped there.
- 加藤は「夫婦同権の流弊論」(第31号)において、西欧のレディファーストの慣習を取り上げ、これを東洋の人が真似るのは夫婦同権の行き過ぎた結果だと批判した。
- In 'A bad custom of the equal rights between husband and wife' (No.31), Kato mentioned about the custom of lady first in Western Europe and criticized that introducing this custom by Asian people was a result of excessive equal between husband and wife.
- 一益・信盛らは早々に撤退したが、汎秀は家康と共に戦ったものの敗れ、浜松周辺の地理に不慣れだったこともあり退却に失敗し、追走してきた武田軍に討ち取られた。
- Even after Kazumasu and Nobumori retreated early during the battle, Hirohide continued to fight in the war with Ieyasu, however, their side lost in the war and maybe because he was not familiar with the geography around the areas of the Hamamatsu Province, he failed in the retreat and was killed by Takeda's army that came running towards him.
- 律令下において天皇の権威を証明するのみの「権威的機関」・「慣例行事履行機関」となりつつあった陰陽寮、ひいては陰陽道の新たなる活路を見出すことに成功した。
- Although the Onmyoryo had been degraded to a mere 'institution of authorization' or 'executing institution of everyday rites and rituals,' serving only to testify the authority of the Emperor under the Ritsuryo system (an ancient system of centralized governance based on the Ritsuryo code), he succeeded in finding a new way not only in the Onmyoryo but also in the philosophy of Onmyodo.
- 次条から第六十条の十二までの規定の用語の解釈及びその適用に関しては、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の基準その他の会計慣行をしん酌しなければならない。
- With regard to the interpretation of terms set forth in the following Article through Article 60-12 and the application of such provisions, generally accepted corporate accounting standards and other accounting practices shall be taken into consideration.
- 東寺の支配から高野山の独立を図り、東寺長者が金剛峯寺の座主を兼職する慣例を廃止し、金剛峯寺座主に任ぜられたが、金剛峯寺方(本寺方)の反発を受け失敗した。
- He tried to achieve the independence of Koyasan from To-ji Temple's control, whereby he abolished the custom whereby Toji-Choja became the head priest of Kongobu-ji Temple at the same time and was ordained to be Kongobu-ji Temple's head priest; however, his effort failed due to the objection of the Kongobu-ji side (Hon-ji side).
- 前項の規定は、実演の性質並びにその利用の目的及び態様に照らしやむを得ないと認められる改変又は公正な慣行に反しないと認められる改変については、適用しない。
- The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to modifications deemed unavoidable in light of the nature of the performance as well as the purpose and manner of its exploitation, or to modifications deemed not to be incompatible with fair practice.
- 一条天皇の母后である皇太后藤原詮子が東三条院の女院を受けることがきっかけとなり、朝廷では皇后や皇太后、太皇太后などの三后にも、院号を贈ることが慣習化した。
- The Empress Dowager, 'FUJIWARA no Senshi', who was Emperor Ichijo's mother, got a title of Nyoin as Higashi Sanjoin, which started a custom that Ingo was conferred on three Empresses: the Empress, the Empress Dowager, and the Grand Empress Dowager, in the Imperial Court.
- 更に父親在世中に父を飛ばして子を皇位に立てる慣例が存在しないために、恒世を即位させるために大伴親王にも皇位継承を認めなければならない事態となったのである。
- Moreover, as there had been no practice where a child would become emperor ahead of his father while the father was alive, it was required to approve Imperial Prince Otomo as the heir to the imperial throne in order to have Tsuneyo ascend the throne.
- このような、その年初めてのものを神に供えるという初穂の習慣が、後に、「初物」と呼んでそれを貴んだり、近隣や知人の間で初物を贈りあったりする習慣に発展した。
- This hatsuho tradition, of supplying gods with things harvested first (first fruit) of the year, later came to be called 'hatsumono' (primeur) and valued, and was then developed into a tradition of giving hatsumono to neighbors or acquaintances.
- 経宗は以後、院御所議定に精力的に出席して後白河上皇の諮問に答え、政務に不慣れな平氏一門に助言を与えることで、双方から確固たる信頼を獲得することに成功する。
- Since then, Tsunemune actively attended the conference in the In no Gosho (retired emperor's palace) and acquired trust from the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and the Taira clan by providing advice and suggestions to the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa's inquiries and offering advice to the Taira clan which was not accustomed to political affairs of state.
- 幕府は将軍家の家政機関であると言う建て前上、幕閣の要職には、幕末及び越智松平家の例外を除き譜代大名以外からは、登用しない慣行が不文律として厳格に守られた。
- As the shogunate was supposedly the household manager of the shogun family, there was such a strictly abided unwritten rule that all important posts of the shogunate went to fudai daimyo, except for the cases of the bakumatsu period (the last days of the shogunate) and the Ochi-Matsudaira family.
- 永享10年6月(1438年)、持氏の嫡子足利義久が元服を迎えて名を改める際、本来ならば将軍に一字を拝領する慣例であったが、それを行わず「義久」と名付けた。
- In July 1438, a legitimate child of Mochiuji, Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA celebrated genpuku (one's coming of age); it was a common practice that a name would be given to the child taking one character given by the Shogun, but Mochiuji did not follow the tradition and named him Yoshihisa.
- 関係銀行が所在国の習慣もしくは関係銀行所定の手続に従って取扱ったことにより生じた損害、または当行の本支店を除いた関係銀行の責に帰すべき事由により生じた損害
- The handling by the Banks Concerned of the remittance in accordance with the customs and practices of the country in which the Banks Concerned are located or with certain procedures prescribed by the Banks concerned; or any reason attributable to the Banks Concerned other than the head office or branches of the Bank
- 熊野講もちとは宿や宿坊で樫杵を使って数人でもちをつく習俗をいい、関東ベエ・奥州ベエが故郷で組織していた熊野講の習慣が持ち込まれたものであると考えられている。
- Kumano-ko mochi was a custom of pounding mochi (rice cake) with an oak pounder at an inn or lodging, and presumably it was a custom which had been developed in the provinces of kanto-be and oshu-be by the members of Kumano-ko (religious associations of Kumano shrines) and later brought by them to Kumano, the home of Kumano-ko.
- しかし、越訴頭人は初代の頭人が金沢実時・安達泰盛であったように引付衆の中でも執権・連署を除く上首(最上位)もしくはそれに次ぐ御家人が任じられる慣例があった。
- However, among Hikitsukeshu, particularly joshu (the head) or second-tier vassal, except regency and rensho (assistant to regents), were customarily appointed as ossotonin; for example, the first ossotonin were Sanetoki KANEZAWA and Yasumori ADACHI.
- 元々、江戸時代には若年者が着用する振袖の長い袖を結婚後に留めて短くし、身八口を縫い留める習慣があり、これらの着物を柄いきに関わらず全て「留袖」といっていた。
- Originally, there was a custom according to which the long sleeves of furisode, which were worn by young women, were held up after marriage and the miyatsuguchi (small opening in the side of some traditional Japanese clothing) was sewed up; these types of kimono were collectively called 'tomesode' regardless of the patterns.
- 昭和30年代(1960年代)、「ロンドン」での修行を経て大衆食堂お食事の店「直ちゃん」を開いた後藤直(なおし)が、慣れ親しんだまかない料理を商品として開発。
- In the 1960s, Naoshi GOTO who had worked as an apprentice at the restaurant 'London' opened an eating house 'Naochan' where he developed a new menu from what originally served within the kitchen for cooks.
- 飯田「数え方もひとしお」(前出)でも、吉野昇雄による解説を引用して、戦後になってすしが小さくなってから、2つずつ提供する習慣になったと言う説を採用している。
- Citing explanations made by Yasuo YOSHINO, 'All the More for Counting Expressions' (stated above) written by IIDA, also adopted a theory that serving in pairs became a custom when the size of Nigiri-zushi got smaller after the war.
- 一方、左大臣源兼明は太政官の筆頭として、兼通と伍する政治力を有していた(太政大臣は太政官の実務に携われない慣例であり、左大臣が事実上の最高責任者であった)。
- Meanwhile, MINAMOTO no Kaneakira, the Minister of the Left (Sadaijin), had power equal to that of Kanemichi as the commander of imperial government officials (the court's custom forbade the Prime Minister to perform official duties of court officials, which made the Minister of the Left the de facto commander in chief).
- これは氏族社会における血縁関係者に課された集団責任・連帯責任が、氏族社会の崩壊と地縁による社会形成に伴って転換されて慣習法化されたものであると言われている。
- This has been said to be the group responsibility/collective responsibility imposed on people in a blood relationship in a clan society, that changed into a common law, following the collapse of a clan society and social shaping by territorial connections.
- 埼玉県稲荷山古墳出土の金錯銘鉄剣銘文からも、古墳時代当時、地方の豪族の子弟らが若い頃にヤマトへ行き、大王に奉仕する慣習があったのではないかと推測されている。
- It is also assumed from an iron sword with gold-inlaid inscriptions excavated from the Inariyama-kofun Tumulus in Saitama Prefecture that there was a custom in the Tumulus period in which young people of local ruling families went to Yamato Province to serve Yamato Okimi.
- 秀吉は髭が薄かったため、付け髭をしていたという有名な説がある(ただ当時の戦国武将が髭を蓄えるのは習慣であり、薄いものが付け髭をするのは普通のことであった)。
- There is a famous view that Hideyoshi wore a false mustache because he wore little actually (it was a custom for warlords at that age to wear mustache so that a person who wore less mustache usually wore false mustache).
- 次条から第二十六条までの規定の用語の解釈及び規定の適用に関しては、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の基準その他の企業会計の慣行をしん酌しなければならない。
- With regard to the interpretation of terms set forth in the following Article through Article 26 and the application of the provisions thereunder, generally accepted corporate accounting standards and other accounting practices shall be taken into consideration.
- なおこれらの名称は慣習や流儀によってさまざまに混用されており、斬組をカケリと称したり、カケリや立廻りをもイロエに含んだりすることもあるので、注意が必要である。
- However, we have to be careful when we use these names as they are called in different ways according to traditions or styles and kirikumi is sometimes called kakeri, or kakeri and tachimawari are included in iroe.
- 明治時代に入って文明開化の世となり、西洋の演劇に関する情報も知られるようになると、歌舞伎の荒唐無稽な筋立てや、興行の前近代的な慣習などを批判する声が上がった。
- As information about Western theatres was introduced to Japan thanks to the civilization and enlightenment movement during the Meiji period, criticisms were voiced at Kabuki for its far-fetched scenarios and outdated performance practices.
- これらは冷やし蕎麦に名の元になる具のみを乗せたものではなく、キュウリ、錦糸玉子、カマボコ、ワカメなどの具とともに、主となる具を綺麗に盛り付けるのが慣例である。
- It is customary to serve the above-referenced cold noodles with various toppings such as cucumber, omelet slivers, kamaboko (steamed fish paste) and wakame seaweed in addition to the respective foodstuffs that they are named after that are all arranged attractively.
- 阿部は将軍を中心とした譜代大名・旗本らによる独裁体制の慣例を破り、水戸藩主徳川斉昭を海防参与に推戴し、諸大名・幕府有司への諮問、ペリー来航の朝廷通達を行った。
- Abe abandoned the custom of the dictatorship by Fudai daimyo (daimyo who had belonged to the Tokugawa group from before the Sekigawara war) and Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) centered on Shogun, recommended Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito domain, to assume the coastal defense officer and made an inquiry about the matter to daimyo and Bakufu-yushi (officers of the bakufu), and informed the Imperial court of the arrival of Perry's fleet.
- これが、外宮が内宮に祭祀の順番(外宮先祭:内宮より外宮の祭祀が先行する古くからの習慣。何故そうするのか謎とされている。)だけでなく、実質優越する根拠となった。
- This explains the order of Saishi (religious service) (Geku Sensai: an old custom that Geku precedes in Saishi over Naiku [the inner shrine of Ise] and is not known exactly why) as well as Geku practically predominating over Naiku.
- 駐露公使就任にあたって、榎本は海軍中将に任命されたが、これは当時の外交慣例で武官公使の方が交渉上有利と判断されたためで、伊藤博文らの建言で実現したものである。
- When he became ambassador to Russia, he was appointed chujo (vice-admiral) in the navy; this came to be because according to diplomatic customs of the time, it was judged that a military officer would have more advantage in negotiation, and Hirobumi ITO proposed it to the government.
- 1438年、6月に持氏の嫡子賢王丸(足利義久)が元服すると、憲実は慣例に従い将軍の一字拝領を賜るよう進言するが、持氏はこれを無視して「義久」と名乗らせている。
- In June in 1438, when Mochiie's legitimate child, Kenomaru (Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA) reached the manhood, Norizane advised Mochiuji to be received ichiji-hairyo of shogun (honorary use one Chinese character from the name of his lord) for his son following the custom, however, Mochiuji ignored this advice and named him 'Yoshihisa.'
- 農奴(serf又はvilleinという)の保有地は、領主へ納入する労役や生産物・現金といった貢納(保有地に付随する慣習とされていた)を支えるための土地であった。
- The land owned by serfs (also called villein) were the lands which supported tributes to the lords, such as labor services, products, and cash money (the custom was supposed to accompany the owned lands).
- また、戦前から戦後にかけて時代劇の大スターであった市川右太衛門(本名は浅井善之助)はこの地域に邸宅を構えたので「北大路の御大」と周囲の人たちから呼び慣わされた。
- Utaemon ICHIKAWA (real names was Zennosuke ASAI), was a big celebrity pre and post-World War II, held a residence in this area and was called 'Ontai of Kitaoji' (Boss of Kitaoji) by surrounding people.
- 平安時代後期以降、皇位継承とは関わりのない皇子皇女たちは出家する慣例が生まれたため、賜姓源氏はほとんど途絶えていたが、江戸時代に入って一家が生まれた(広幡家)。
- Since the late Heian period, when it became customary for the princes and princesses who were unrelated to the succession to become priests, the Minamoto clan who were direct descendant of the Imperial Family almost became extinct, although a new family (Hirohata family) came out in the Edo period.
- その頃日本では禅宗が盛んになった鎌倉時代にあたり、中国禅宗の中心であったあった浙江の天目山 (浙江省)に留学した禅僧が喫茶の習慣とともにこれを日本に持ち帰った。
- As the ages of Sung corresponded to the Kamakura period in Japan when Zen sect was prosperous, Zen monks who went to Tenmokuzan (Zhejian Province) in Zhejian Province, which was the center of Chinese Zen sect, brought back the products to Japan together with the practice of drinking tea.
- 時代が下がり江戸時代になると皇位継承又は世襲親王家(伏見宮家・桂宮家・有栖川宮家・閑院宮家)相続と無関係の皇族は皆出家する慣例となり、賜姓皇族は現れなくなった。
- By the Edo period, it had become a custom for all the Imperial Families to enter into the priesthood who were not related according to Imperial succession or who were not one of the heredity Imperial Family members (the Fushiminomiya family, the Katsuranomiya family, the Arisugawanomiya family, the Kan innomiya family), there was no Shisei Imperial Family existing.
- 追号は天皇が崩御した後に贈られる称号であり、制度上は必ずしも元号が追号になるわけではない(明治以降は慣例を踏襲しただけであり、旧皇室令等でも規定されていない)。
- A posthumous title is the title given after the demise of the Emperor and gengo (era name) does not necessarily become his posthumous title from an institutional standpoint (after Meiji period the custom was just followed and nothing is prescribed for the posthumous title in Kyu Koshitsu-rei (the Old Imperial Families' Act) and so on).
- 暑さ寒さも彼岸まで(あつささむさもひがんまで)とは「冬の寒さは春分の頃まで、夏の暑さは秋分の頃までには和らぎ、凌ぎやすくなる」という意味の、日本の慣用句である。
- 'Atsusa Samusa mo Higan made' is a Japanese idiom that means 'The cold of winter lasts until the spring equinox, and the heat of summer calms by the autumnal equinox, and will become easier to bear.'
- 江戸中期頃には京の公卿たちの間で年に3回(正月・五月・九月)伊勢神宮と多賀社へ代参の名代を派遣する習慣がありその際に利用されたことから御代参街道と呼ばれている。
- The Highway is called Godaisan (meaning visiting in place of another)-kaido Highway because in the mid-Edo period there was a tradition among the courtiers in Kyoto to send a representative to Ise-jingu Shrine and to Taga-taisha Shrine three times a year (New Year, May and September), and the highway was used in those occasions.
- 次条から第五十五条の五までの規定の用語の解釈及び規定の適用に関しては、一般に公正妥当と認められる企業会計の基準その他の企業会計の慣行をしん酌しなければならない。
- With regard to the interpretation of the terms set forth in the following Article through Article 55-5 and the application of the provisions thereunder, generally accepted corporate accounting standards and other accounting practices shall be taken into consideration.
- また、同藩では死刑執行の日を毎年一定の時期に限定し、その日は領内から死刑を出したことを恥じるとして藩主以下主だった役人が謹慎をする「死刑日慎」という慣例を定めた。
- Additionally, the domain limited the executions to a certain time of the year, and established a practice called 'shikeibishin' where the major officials, including the feudal lords, behave themselves on those days due to the shame of having a death sentence within the territory.
- 儲君に関しては、江戸時代までは皇室典範のような皇位継承の順序を定めた法律がなく、天皇の意思や朝廷、幕府などの介入により、複数の候補者から選ばれるのが慣例であった。
- Before the Edo period, there was no law that determined the order in line to succession to the Imperial throne such as Imperial House Act, and Chokun, or the Crown Prince, was customarily chosen from among plural candidates, intervened by the will of the Emperor and by the court and bakufu (shogunate).
- しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
- However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
- これは縄文人の体形と、農耕ではなく狩猟や採集を主とする穴居生活から連想されたものらしく、このような生活習慣の違いなどが人々からさげすまれた原因とも考えられている。
- It seems that the name tsuchigumo was associated with their physiques and the cave-dwelling life--mainly based on hunting and gathering instead of farming--of the Jomon people (in the Neolithic Age), and this association is supposed to be the cause of people's disdain for tsuchigumo.
- しかし、1928年(昭和3年)の即位の礼で調製した十二単は、この「板引き加工」も贅沢であるとして通常の生地から調製されるようになり、この慣行が現在まで続いている。
- However, uchiginu made by 'itahiki' was still considered very luxury, so at the accession ceremony of Emperor Showa of 1928 when the juni-hitoe was prepared, the uchiginu was made of plain materials; since then uchiginu have been made of plain materials until the present.
- 以後恵方巻の習慣は、昭和初期の大阪では船場の商人の間で行なわれていたようで節分の「丸かぶり(切り分けずに「丸ごとかじりつく」の意)ずし」の広告チラシも作成された。
- It seems that later, the custom of ehomaki was conducted among merchants in Senba, Osaka in the early part of Showa period; the publicity leaflet of 'marukaburi zushi' ('marukaburi' means 'biting into the whole piece' without cutting it) for Setsubun was created.
- これは、参議以上の議政官は各豪族から1名ずつという当時の慣習を破っての昇進でもあった(房前の昇進により、右大臣である不比等を加えて、藤原氏の公卿は2人となった)。
- This was a promotion which went against the practice at that time to nominate only one legislator of the rank above the councilor from each of the aristocratic families (with the promotion of Fusasaki, it meant that there were two court officials from the Fujiwara clan, as Fuhito was already serving the post of Udaijin [the Minister of the Right]).
- 金正日については「将軍様(将軍ニム)」とも呼ばれるが、北朝鮮や大韓民国では上司や上位者に対しては肩書きの下に「ニム()」つまり日本でいう「様」をつける習慣がある。
- In the case of Kim Jong Il, his title of shogun is accompanied by 'nim,' which is used in DPRK and the Republic of Korea as address to show deference to a higher-ranking person, much in the same way 'sama' is used in Japanese.
- もっとも貞観10年の格においては「有印の諸家はみな私印を鋳造し、ひそかに用いる慣習となってしまっているが、これはやむをえないことだ」としてその使用を許可している。
- However, the amendments to the ritsuryo system issued in 756 recognize the use of seals saying, 'It became common practice for all the seal-owning families to cast private seals and secretly use them which is unavoidable.'
- このため、江戸幕府では幼少の場合を例外として、征夷大将軍就任あるいは大御所の死亡による徳川将軍家当主就任時に、「御代始」の新政策を打ち出すことが慣例化していった。
- As a result, it became customary to develop the new policy of Miyohajime at the time of the assumption of the new Tokugawa Shogunate family taken place due to the assumption of Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) or the death of Ogosho.
- 保延6年(1140年)に村上源氏の源氏長者源雅定が淳和院と奨学院別当を兼務して以後、淳和院別当・奨学院別当は源氏長者を兼ねる慣例が生まれて明治維新まで継承された。
- In 1140, MINAMOTO no Masasada, Genji choja (the top of the Minamoto clan) of Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) took the posts of both Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto (chancellor of Shogakuin,) and after that, the custom that Genji choja served as both Junnain Betto and Shogakuin Betto continued until the Meiji Restoration.
- ただし、地域領主である藩などを指して公儀と呼ぶ習慣も残り、幕府のことを「公儀の公儀」と認めて特に大公儀(おおこうぎ)とも呼ぶようになったのは寛永以後と言われている。
- However, the tradition to call the local landlord, or clan as Kogi remained and to recognize the bakufu as 'the kogi of kogi', it was especially called O-kogi (great official authority) after the Kanei Era.
- 一説には、当初朝廷の許可では徳川氏は源氏ではなく藤原氏の氏族として認められていたが、家康が江戸幕府を開くに当たって、幕府の長たる征夷大将軍は源氏という慣例があった。
- One theory is that the initial imperial court consent was approved on the basis that the Tokugawa clan was of Fujiwara clan (rather than Minamoto clan) stock however, when Ieyasu set up the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) the convention was that a Minamoto clan member be the Shogunate's leading unifying Shogun (commander-in-chief).
- またこの耳慣れない名称は、形状がカボチャの実と似ていたために、元々はポルトガル語で「カボチャ」を意味していた単語「abobora」が転用されたという説が有力である。
- The most convincing theory for the origin of this unfamiliar name is a transfer of the word 'abobora,' which meant for 'a pumpkin' in Portuguese, as shape of Bofura was similar to a pumpkin.
- しかしながら皇后は夫の天皇亡き後に中継ぎの天皇として即位する可能性があるため皇族しか立后されないのが当時の慣習であったことから、長屋王は光明子の立后に反対していた。
- However, in those days it was a practice to install a member of the Imperial Family as the Empress because the Empress could ascend the throne as an interim emperor after the death of the Emperor (her husband) and therefore Nagayao opposed the installation of Komyoshi as the Empress.
- 算額奉納の習慣は、江戸中期に入ると全国的に盛行し、とくに寛政・享和・文化 (元号)・文政のころは最も隆盛し、1年に奉納数が100を越えたこともあったといわれている。
- The culture of dedicating sangaku prevailed nationwide in the mid-Edo Period, and particularly its popularity peaked in the Kansei, kyowa, Bunka and Bunsei eras (1789 to 1829) that, as records say, sometimes gathered more than 100 dedications annually.
- 1577年には織田信長の推挙により大納言に任じられた(この時代には権大納言のみが任じられて正官の大納言は空席とされる慣習であったが、実枝は23年ぶりに任命された)。
- In 1577, Nobunaga ODA appointed him Dainagon (chief councilor of state) (during this period it was customary to appoint Gon Dainagons (provisional chief councilor of state) and the post of Dainagon was left opened, but Saneki was appointed Dainagon after the post had been vacant for 23 years.)
- 当時、治天下大王の地位承継は、長兄→次兄→・・・→末弟というように、兄弟間で行われ(兄弟承継)、末弟が没した後は、長兄の長男に皇位承継されることが慣例となっていた。
- In those days, the order of succession to the Amenoshita shiroshimesu ookimi passed through the ookimi's sons like the eldest son -> the second son -> … -> the youngest son (Kyodai Shokei), and if the youngest son died, the next successor would be the eldest son of the eldest son of ookimi.
- 外国人宣教師たちは、宗教的信念と戦勝国に属しているという傲岸さが入り交じった姿勢で中国社会に臨み、その慣行を無視することが多く、しばしば地域の官僚・郷紳と衝突した。
- The foreign missionaries dealt with Chinese society with an attitude of missionary belief and the arrogance of those belonging to a winning nation, and they often ignored customs, leading to frequent clashes with local bureaucracy and Kyoshin (Chinese gentry).
- のちにこのことはすたれ、わずかに白馬の節会の翌日正月8日、新嘗祭の翌日11月中巳日に女王禄(3文字をオウロクとよむのが慣習)という式がおこなわれるにすぎなくなった。
- Subsequently, this custom of jifuku went out of fashion, except only the ceremonies of Oroku (allocations of cloth to imperial princesses without proclamation) held on January 8, the next day of Aouma-no-Sechie (the seasonal court banquet appreciating an auspicious white or light gray horse, held on January 7 every year) and on the day of snake in the middle of November, the next day of the Niiname-sai festival (a ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly harvested rice to the deity).
- 室町時代から戦国時代_(日本)にかけて三条通を境目として北側を上京(かみきょう)、南側を下京(しもきょう)と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、上京と下京がそれぞれ別個の惣構を持った。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), the custom arose of calling the area north of Sanjo-dori Street Kamikyo, and the area in the south of the street Shimokyo, with Kamikyo and Shimokyo each having their own sogamae (outer citadel).
- 藤原実頼は、儀礼について深く研究したことで知られ、後に小野宮流と呼ばれる彼を祖とする流派の根本資料となる宮中の儀礼・慣習に関する記述が多数含まれていたと言われている。
- FUJIWARA no Saneyori is known for his deep study of Girei (rites), and the diary, is said to include many definitions about the rituals and customs of the imperial court, later it became the primary written material in a school called Ononomiya line, of which he was the founder.
- その政治権力を背景として、有力貴族らが縁者や係累を特定の国の受領に任命することが徐々に慣例化していき、現地へ赴任した受領の俸料・得分を自らの経済的収益としたのである。
- With their political power as a background, it gradually became a custom that powerful nobles appointed their relatives or dependents to zuryo of specific provinces, and they acquired, as their revenues, the salary and tax gained by the zuryo they sent to the provinces.
- 時代考証については1960年代まではお歯黒、引眉を行う場合が多かったが、すでに過去の習慣であり、また、お歯黒、引眉が不気味と思われる、等、現代人に受け入れられにくい。
- In jidaigeki, ohaguro (dyed-black teeth) and hikimayu (painted eyebrows) were often used up to the 1960s but to a modern audience these past customs look bizarre and are not readily accepted.
- これらの君主が一夫一婦制の婚姻形態を採っていれば、妻の称号は「皇后」となるはずであるが、実際には、世間に通用している通称や研究者による慣用などが優先し、一様ではない。
- If these monarchs adopted the monogamous system, the title for the wife would have been 'empress' but in fact, alias that are normally used by researchers and custom take precedence so it is not uniform.
- そのため、慣例で源氏がなるとされていた征夷大将軍に任官されるために、新田氏の末裔となるべく系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったという解釈がされることが多い。
- It is often viewed that, as seii taishogun was appointed from the Minamoto clan by convention, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA borrowed a spot in the family tree so as to be a descendant of the Nitta clan, thereby calling himself 'Minamoto no Ason' so that he could become seii taishogun.
- それは、壬生の者が江戸期より同鉾に奉仕する慣わしであり、講中に伝わる「祇園ばやし」や棒振りの芸はその囃子等を継受したものであるという歴史的経緯を踏まえてのことである。
- The people of Mibu have traditionally worked on this float since the Edo period, and 'Gion bayashi' and the Bofuri dance performed by the association are derived from the music and dance that historically accompanied it.
- ただし、この規定は親王任国の場合と違ってあくまでも慣習法であり、律令あるいは格式で定まったものではなかったため、事情によっては非皇族の大宰帥が任命される事もあり得た。
- Unlike the case of Shinoninkoku, Dazai no sochi was established merely in customary law and not in the ritsuryo nor kyakushiki; therefore, sometimes persons not from the Imperial family were appointed Dazai no sochi.
- 例外は大沽砲台や聶士成の武衛前軍、馬玉崑率いる武衛左軍といった近代化部隊であったが、これすら兵器の扱いに不慣れな兵士が多かったために効果的な運用ができなかったという。
- The exceptions were Taku Fort, the frontal army of Chinese imperial guard division of Nie Shicheng, and the modern left Chinese imperial guard division led by Bagyokukon, but they could not operate smoothly since many soldiers were unfamiliar with their weapons.
- というのも西欧列強との交渉においては、清朝がいくら「天朝の定制」(中華思想的慣例)を持ち出しても議論が噛み合わず、列強側の要求を拒絶することはできなかったためである。
- The reason for it was that in the negotiation with western countries, discussions did not mesh even if the Qing dynasty refer to 'Fixed Rule of the Dynasty (precedents based on Sinocentrism)' and requirements of the western countries could not be refused.
- 最初の一年をすごしたライプツィヒ(1884年11月22日-翌年10月11日)で、生活に慣れていない鴎外を助けたのが、昼食と夜食をとっていたフォーゲル家の人達であった。
- Ogai spent his first year (from November 22, 1884 to October 11, 1885) in Leipzig, and not yet accustomed to his new life, was supported by the Vogel family who served him lunch and dinner.
- 一説には、世の中が安定期に入るにつれ文化に対する民衆の関心が高まり、娘に舞踊を習わせる習慣が生まれたが、その際に身振りを美しく見せるために袖を長大化させていったという。
- According to one theory, the onset of an era of peace and stability was accompanied by growing interest in cultural pursuits among the general populace, leading to the rise of a new custom of having one's daughters learn how to dance, and that kimono sleeves were lengthened during this time in order to show off one's motions more gracefully.
- 当時の慣例では蔵人出身者が弁官に転じる順序であった筈なのに、逆の経路(右少弁就任後に蔵人兼務)を辿ったために当時の朝廷では、上皇の側近偏重人事であるとして物議を醸した。
- According to the custom at that time, usually a person worked as a Kurodo (Chamberlain) and would be transferred to a Benkan (Oversight Department (a division of the Dajokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices), he was promoted in the opposite direction (after assuming a position in Ushoben, he also assumed the position of the Kurodo), and, therefore, it aroused criticism in the Imperial Court that Tsunetada's promotion was unfair treatment, showing favoritism towards close aides to the retired emperor.
- また内閣制度とともに設置された枢密院を「枢府」、枢密院議長を「枢相」、内大臣府と内大臣府をともに「内府」と呼ぶなど、この習慣は日本文化に完全に定着したものとなっている。
- Further, the Privy Council which was established together with the cabinet system was called 'sufu', the Chairman of the Privy Council was called 'susho', and both the Office of minister of the center and the minister of the center were called 'naifu', thus, this custom has been completely established in Japan.
- このため、後鳥羽天皇は退位時にこれまでの慣例であった在位中の昇殿をそのまま院御所に持ち込む規定を取りやめて80名近い殿上人を44名に削減する「リストラ」を断行している。
- Therefore, Emperor Gotoba, by canceling a rule of bringing the shoden in his reign into the ingosho, which had been a custom, performed 'restructuring' at his abdication, reducing tenjobito from nearly 80 to 44.
- これら外国から日本に対する公文書にはオランダ語の翻訳を附することが慣例となっていたため、英語とオランダ語を対照するのに都合がよく、これで英語の勉強をおこなったりもした。
- As it was a custom to add a Dutch translation to an official document in Japan, he took the advantage of the job to learn English by comparing English with Dutch of the documents.
- 読みについても諸説あって、「こんしゅじ」、「こんじゅじ」と読まれたり、また、慣用的に、「きんしゅうじ」とも呼ばれ、この読みについては、東大寺内で特によく親しまれている。
- This temple is generally called 'Konshu-ji' or 'Konju-ji,' and customarily 'Kinshu-ji,' which is particularly familiar at Todai-ji Temple.
- そこで当時士人の間に流行していた謡曲(鎌倉時代の文)詞章や、全国的に普及していた往来物などの口調を借りて用を足したことから、発生し、慣用し来たったものが、候文体である。
- Under such situations, sorobun was created and was often used in yokyoku (Noh song) (sentences of the Kamakura period) which was popular among the military class and introduced the style of oraimono (primary textbooks in the style of the exchange of letters) which was widespread on a nationwide basis.
- 関門海峡は潮の流れの変化が激しく、水軍の運用に長けた平氏軍はこれを熟知しており、早い潮の流れに乗ってさんざんに矢を射かけて、海戦に慣れない坂東武者の義経軍を押しまくった。
- The changing of the tides in the Kanmon straits is very strong, and the Taira navy, who had a thorough understanding of the tides there, was able to ride the rapid tidal current and rain down arrows on the enemy, and kept pushing back the Yoshitsune's army, the warriors from the east Japan, who were unused to fighting at sea.
- しかし、『日本書紀』が神武天皇以来の歴代天皇の「オホキサキ」に対して「皇后」の漢字を当てていることから、彼女以前の天皇の正妃についても「皇后」の称で呼ぶ慣行となっている。
- However, since the Kanji '皇后' (empress) is assigned for all 'Okisaki' of emperors since Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihon Shoki,' it is common practice to call wives of the emperor before her as 'Kogo' (empress).
- 午後8時、午前0時、午前4時に一斉に勝ち鬨をあげさせ、さらに午後10時、午前2時、午前6時に大砲(石火矢・大筒)を放たせて城兵、特に戦慣れしていない淀殿らを脅そうとした。
- To threaten the soldiers in the castle and Yodo-dono in particular, who were unfamiliar with wars, he made his soldiers give a shout of victory at 8 PM, 0 AM, and 4 AM, and made cannons (ishibiya (guns with stones as bullets), and artillery) fire at 10 PM, 2 AM, and 6 AM.
- 文章得業生は定員が少なく、しかも給料学生が優先的に選ばれる慣例であったため、長く文章生であった学生は中途で教官の推挙を受けて学業を終える以前に官職に任じられることもあった。
- As the number of monjo tokugosho was very limited and there was a tradition of choosing kyuryo gakusei primarily from them, those students who remained monjosho for a long time were sometimes appointed to government posts with their teacher's recommendation before finishing their study.
- 西郷軍の白兵戦が強かったのは、地の利が西郷軍にあったことと、幼い頃より刀剣に慣れ親しんでいた士族と、訓練されたとはいえ数年程度の徴集兵では錬度に雲泥の差があったからである。
- The reasons why Saigo's army was stronger in hand-to-hand fights are considered as follows: Saigo's army occupied a vantage ground, and there was a tremendous difference in the sword-handling ability between the warrior class, who had been familiar with handling swords, and the conscripted soldiers, who had had only a few years of sword-handling training.
- 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
- Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.
- かつて日本のカトリック教会では慣用的に「ザベリオ」(イタリア語読みから。サヴェーリョがより近い)という呼び名を用いていた(例:下記「聖ザベリョ宣教会」、「ザベリョ学院」)。
- 'Zaberio' (it was from Italian pronunciation and Saveeryo might be closer) was used conventionally in Japanese Catholic churches (for example, 'Saint Zaberyo church' and 'Zaberyo School').
- 明治末以来、藩閥勢力の代表で陸軍に近い桂太郎(長州藩出身)と立憲政友会の西園寺公望(公家出身)が「情意投合」のもと、交互に政権を担う慣例が続いていた(桂園時代と呼ばれる)。
- From the end of the Meiji period, in the Japanese government a conventional power rotation system was implemented under the agreement called 'Joi Togo' (the agreement to take power alternately) between Taro KATSURA (from the former Choshu Domain), who was closely related to the Japanese Army and a representative figure of the domain-based forces, and Kinmochi SAIONJI (from the former court noble), who belonged to the Rikken Seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO, hereinafter referred to Seiyukai) (called Kei-En era after the initial characters of their names).
- 後に源頼朝に仕えて御家人になった景義は酒宴でこの合戦について、為朝は無双の弓矢の達者だが、身の丈よりも大きい弓を使い馬上での扱いに慣れずに狙いを誤ったのだろうと語っている。
- Kageyoshi, who later served MINAMOTO no Yoritomo as a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate), claimed while recounting this incident at a banquet that although Tametomo was a peerless master of the bow, in that instance his aim had probably been thrown off because he was using a bow taller than his height from horseback, something he was not accustomed to.
- なお、現代の磯を見慣れている人には「磯焼け」が常態であるのでこの言葉に実感はないが、半世紀前の人々が普通に見た磯(水中)は、岩などが見えないほど海草が生い茂っていたのである。
- Although 'shore-burning' is the normal condition for those who are used to seeing the present rocky shores and they can not get a real sense of that term, half a century ago, people commonly saw rocky shores under water which were so densely covered with marine plants that rocks were not visible.
- 豊臣政権末期の政情不安定期に公権力を漠然と公儀と呼ぶ慣習が生まれ、江戸時代に入ると統一政権で諸領主権力間の唯一の利害調整機関となった江戸幕府を指して公儀と呼ばれるようになった。
- Kogi became the general term for official authority in the period of governmental instability in towards the end of the Toyotomi administration, and in the Edo Period, Kogi started to indicate the Edo bakufu which was the only unified authority that mediated the power struggles among the feudal lords.
- 西国三十三箇所の御詠歌は、宗派にもよるが近畿地方一円で死者を弔うために葬儀から四十九日法要まで親族によって毎夜唱えらたり、お盆の仏事において参加者全員で合唱する習慣などがある。
- There are some customs, although this may not be the case in some areas depending on which school to follow, being practiced throughout the Kinki region such as chanting of the goeika of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho by the family and relatives of the deceased every night until the memorial service for the forty-ninth day, and by all participants in Buddhist rites during the Obon festival.
- 中興第一世座主は豊山派能化、守野秀善が就いたが、これまでの座主は醍醐寺または仁和寺の門跡が就任することが多く、そうした外部の座主とは別に根来寺では学頭を立てるのが慣例であった。
- The first head priest in the prosperous Chuko period was Buzan school Noke, Shuzen MORINO, and the head priests until that time were mostly heads from Daigo-ji Temple or Ninna-ji Temple, it was a tradition in Negoro-ji Temple to install a Gakuto other than the head priest from external temples.
- 短陌(たんはく、省陌(しょうはく)とも)は、近代以前の東アジア地域で行われてきた商慣習で、100枚以下の一定枚数によって構成された銅銭の束を銅銭100枚と同一の価値として扱う事。
- Tanhaku (also called shohaku) is a business custom which had been conducted in East Asia before the early modern times; with this custom, a bundle of copper coins consisting of a certain number of coins less than 100 is treated as equal value to 100 copper coins.
- 正応4年(1291年)の後白河法皇百回忌供養は、妙法院門主の尊教が三十三間堂において行っており、以後、50年ごとの聖忌供養は妙法院門主が三十三間堂にて行うことが慣例となっている。
- The ninety-ninth anniversary memorial service of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's death in 1291 was conducted at Sanjusangen-do Hall by Sonkyo, the chief priest of Myoho-in Temple, following which it became customary to hold each 50-yearly memorial service on the site.
- 「安倍晴明」(あべのせいめい←はるあき)、「赤松則祐」(あかまつそくゆう←のりすけ)、「木戸孝允」(きどこういん←たかよし)、などと同様に慣習的に音読されることが多い人物である。
- His name is often read in the 'on' reading style as well as Haruaki ABE (ABE no Seimei in the 'on' reading), Norisuke AKAMATSU (Sokuyu AKAMATSU in the 'on' reading) and Takayoshi KIDO (Koin KIDO in the 'on' reading).
- 著作者名の表示は、著作物の利用の目的及び態様に照らし著作者が創作者であることを主張する利益を害するおそれがないと認められるときは、公正な慣行に反しない限り、省略することができる。
- It is permissible to omit the name of the author where, to the extent compatible with fair practice, it is determined that there is no risk of damage to the interests of the author in his claim to authorship in light of the purpose and the manner of the exploitation of the work.
- 緯度四五度の地点において、進行方向、機首(船首)方向若しくは真北方向を示す誤差の実行値が六分以下のもの(慣性装置を含むセオドライトであって、民生用途のために設計したものを除く。)
- Inertial systems in which executed error value indicating the traveling direction, nose (bow) direction or true north direction at 45 degrees latitude is six minutes or less (excluding theodolites comprising an inertial system and those designed for civil use.)
- なお、本来の意味で用いる漢文の読み下し及び日本の古代の用例には漢音と呉音の混交した 'ひゃくせい'、日本の中世以降の用例には呉音の 'ひゃくしょう' の読みを当てるのが慣例である。
- Note that it is common to pronounce the term as 'hyakusei,' which is a mixture of the Han reading of Chinese characters and the Wu reading, in the case of a Japanese reading of a Chinese passage or a use in ancient Japanese that is used in the original meaning, or 'hyakusho,' which is the Wu reading, in a case of a use in Japanese in or after the medieval period.
- 特に明治維新の際に打ち出された神仏分離によって神仏習合思想は壊滅的な打撃を受け、神社非宗教論のもと宗教色を切り捨てて国民の慣習・儀式・精神的支柱を目指した神道教義の中心から外れた。
- In particular, due to the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism, which was promoted during the Meiji Restoration, the synthesis of Shinto and Buddhism suffered a fatal blow and was excluded from the center of Shinto teachings, which, under Jinjahishukyoron (theory that Shinto is not a religion), shed religious colors and figured on becoming practical, ritualistic, and spiritual pillars for the people.
- このため兼通は頼忠を太政官の最高責任者である一上に任じて兼明の政治的権限を剥奪した上で、兼明を親王に復帰させて(親王は政務に携われない慣例だった)、空いた左大臣を頼忠に代えさせた。
- Therefore, Kanemichi appointed Yoritada as Ichinokami (first minister), commander in chief, to strip Kaneakira of political power and deposed Kaneakira to his former position of Imperial Prince (custom forbade imperial princes to be engaged in political affairs) in order to appoint Yoritada as the Minister of the Left.
- 参道は、一般的に、影響力がある神社や寺の周辺で、自然発生した門前町とセットに認識されている場所も多く、どの範囲を「参道」と呼ぶかは、場所によって異なり、それぞれの場所の慣習による。
- Since monzen-machi (literally, a town in front of a gate) developed spontaneously around a powerful shrine or temple and are considered as a set with the sando road, the area considered to be 'sando' depends on the customs of the each area.
- 家康は慶長8年(1603年)2月に伏見城において征夷大将軍補任の宣旨を受け、3月に竣工間もない二条城に入城、室町幕府以来の慣例に基づく「拝賀の礼」を行うため、御所への行列を発した。
- In February of 1603, he received the appointment to Seii Taishogun at Fushimi-jo Castle and in March and he moved into the newly completed Nijo-jo Castle, from which he started a procession to the Imperial Palace to hold the Haiga no Rei ceremony in accordance with the tradition since the Muromachi Shogunate.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 寿永2年(1183年)、源義仲の攻勢の前に平氏が都落ちを決意したとき、維盛は都に慣れ親しんでいる妻を共に西国に落ち延びさせることは忍び難いとして、妻子を都に残して一門と共に西走する。
- When the Taira clan decided to leave Kyoto while under attacks by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in 1183, Koremori felt uneasy to make his wife who was used to Miyako (Kyoto) to die with him in western countries from Kinki district and left his wife and child in Miyako to travel west along with his followers.
- 『魏志倭人伝』や『隋書』などの中国の歴史書に書かれているだけではなく、天武天皇期に用いられた「赦書」にも登場する(『日本書紀』天武天皇5年8月壬子条)など、慣習法として確立していた。
- Not only it was recorded in Chinese history books such as 'Gishiwajinden' (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty') and 'Zuisho; Suishu' (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), it was already established as a common law as it was referred to in Shasho (decree of amnesty) which was used during the time of the Emperor Temmu ('Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), the Article of Mizuno-e, the eighth month of the fifth year of the Emperor Temmu).
- これまでは村や町などの共同体発生した揉め事は共同体(惣)内部の自治や掟・慣習に従って済ませる「内済」によって解決されることになっていたが、特別な場合に限って共同体外部に解決を委ねた。
- Any conflict that occurred within a community, such as a village or town, was supposed to be settled out of court in accordance with the autonomy, rules or custom of the community; in special cases, however, it could be handed over to a person outside of the community for settlement.
- 歴史上にありえた日本の事件や日本史の人物を登場させることも多いが、その人物像をはじめ慣習、風俗、効果音、台詞、言語においても大胆にフィクション化され、大衆受けするように加工されている。
- A jidaigeki often features quasi-historical events and famous figures from throughout Japanese history, but customs, manners, sound effect, dialogue and language in addition to the characterisation of these figures are significantly fictionalised to appeal to a mass audience.
- 即位前の名は大海人皇子(おおあまのみこ、おほしあまのみこ、おおさまのみこ)といい、幼少期に養育を受けた凡海氏(海部一族の伴造)にちなむもので当時では養育者より幼名をとるのは慣例だった。
- His childhood name, the Prince Oama (Ohoshiama, Osama), which he used until he ascended the throne, was related to the Oshiama clan (they worked as the chiefs of various departments at the Imperial Court for the Amabe clan) that took care of him when he was a child, and it was the custom of that time to take one's childhood name from someone who brought one up.
- 文化財保護法では無形の民俗文化財を、「衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術で、わが国の国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの」と規定している。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties provides that intangible folk cultural properties are 'manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, festivals, etc., to folk entertainments, arts and crafts and techniques which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.'
- 当時「官名」を中国風にしゃれて呼ぶ慣わしがあり(「中納言」を「黄門」と呼んだのがその一例)、中務少輔の職が「中書省」であったことから、脇坂は「中書(ちゅうじょう)さま」と呼ばれていた。
- At that time, there was a practice of using witty expressions for official position names (for example, using 'Komon' for 'Chunagon' (vice-councilor of state)), and since the position of Nakatsukasa-shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) was called 'Chushosho,' WAKIZAKA was called 'Mr. Chujo.'
- しかし、王国が用意したもてなしは、来客への慣例として行ったものに過ぎず、清からの冊封使に対するもてなしよりも下位の料理を出すことで、暗黙の内にペリーへの拒否(親書の返答)を示していた。
- The hospitality the kingdom extended to Perry and his officers, however, amounted to nothing more than a very ordinary level of hospitality--the dishes prepared were inferior to those offered to the Qing Dynasty's Imperial Chinese missions, an implicit indication that the kingdom was returning a negative response to the letter from the United States.
- 日本では古く奈良時代・平安時代に、当代の生母というだけで皇太后若しくは皇太夫人の尊号を奉られることもあったが、江戸時代初期以来その例はなく、先代の嫡妻をもって太后とするのが慣例になった。
- In Japan, even though in the Nara and Heian periods, there were cases where an honorary title of Kotaigo or Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) were dedicated only because the person was the real mother of the Emperor of the time, there is no such example since the early stage of Edo period and it has become a practice that the lawful wife of the former Emperor is named the Taigo.
- 鎌倉時代以降、藤原北家の本流は近衛家、九条家を筆頭に一条家・二条家・鷹司家の五摂家に分かれ、代々そのうちもっとも官位の高い者が摂政・関白に任ぜられることが慣例となり、明治維新まで続いた。
- After the Kamakura period, the main branch of the Northern FUJIWARA family split into the Konoe and Kujo families at the top, with Ichijo, Nijo and Takatsukasa families to make five regent families, and in successive generations the highest ranking among them was customarily appointed Sessho/Kampaku, continuing until the Meiji Restoration.
- 御台所は、公家・宮家・天皇家から迎えるのが慣例となっていた(例外は、11代将軍徳川家斉御台所・広大院と天璋院の2人で、どちらも島津家出身であったが、近衛家に養女となった上で輿入れした)。
- Generally, a midaidokoro came from a court noble family, a house of an imperial prince or the Imperial family (there were two exceptions, Kodaiin and Tenshoin, midaidokoro of the 11th Shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA, although they came from the Shimazu family, they were adopted by the house of Konoe, and then married with the shogun).
- 室町時代に海賊衆の慣習法が鎌倉幕府制定法に仮託されて法としてまとめられたとされる廻船式目によれば、寄船に生存者がいた場合や船主が明らかな場合には無断の押収を禁じ、無主物のみを認めている。
- According to Kaisen Shikimoku (the oldest sea law of Japan), common law of Kaizoku-shu (pirates) drafted on the pretense of statutory law of Kamakura Bakufu Government in the Mromachi Period, confiscation of a wrecked ship was allowed only when no survivor nor owner of the ship was found but otherwise prohibited without consensus of survivors or shipowners, if any.
- 期間の末日が日曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日その他の休日に当たるときは、その日に取引をしない慣習がある場合に限り、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
- If the last day of a period falls on a Sunday, a holiday as provided in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), or any other holiday, only when it is customary not to do business on such day, the period shall expire on the immediately following day.
- 王に対しては「王太后(英語Queen Dowager)」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
- For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
- むしろ、夏の祭りなどの行事に浴衣をわざわざ着て行く以外に、習慣として和服を着る機会が少なくなっている現在、浴衣の着る機会の多い若い女性を中心に、浴衣は略装であるという感覚も失われつつある。
- Also, because there are fewer opportunities to wear wafuku on a regular basis except for summer festivals and other events where one would intentionally wear yukata, it's no longer being considered even as informal wear largely by young women with comparatively frequent chances to wear yukata, among others.
- ある宮家から最初に華族となった王は侯爵(華頂侯爵など)とし、2人目以降は伯爵(東伏見伯爵など)とする、という慣行が定着していたほどであるから、準則は厳密に遵守されたと考えるのが妥当である。
- The regulation was considered to be obeyed strictly since there was a traditional practice established whereby the first Prince who became nobility from Miyake was to become marquis (Marquis Kacho and so on), and after the second Prince, they started using count as a title (Count Higashifushimi and so on).
- 建設事業の竣工時において、事業関係者は招待されたり記念碑に連名されるのが慣例とされているが、デ・レーケが関連した全土木工事おいて、一度も招待を受けたことがなく、また彼の名も記されていない。
- It was customary for individuals involved in projects to be invited a completion ceremony and to have their names inscribed on a monument; however, de Rijke was never invited nor was his name ever inscribed on any of the monuments that marked his work.
- そのような中国の慣習が日本に伝わると、開山など、禅寺にとってとりわけ大切な人の墓所としての塔頭・塔院と同一視されて永続的な施設となり、日本独自の「塔頭」という存在が認知されることとなった。
- This Chinese custom reached Japan and these buildings came to be seen as permanent sub-temples that served as the graves of individuals, such as the founding priest, who were particularly important to a Zen temple to create the uniquely Japanese concept of the 'tacchu.'
- 系譜、祭具及び墳墓の所有権は、前条の規定にかかわらず、慣習に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者が承継する。ただし、被相続人の指定に従って祖先の祭祀を主宰すべき者があるときは、その者が承継する。
- Despite the provision of the preceding Article, rights to ownership of a genealogy, equipment used in rituals, and any grave, shall be succeeded by the person who custom dictates shall preside over rituals for ancestors; provided that if the decedent designates a person who shall preside over rituals for ancestors, this person shall succeed rights to ownership.
- どの監督もトーキー演出になかなか慣れず、斬新な演出で知られた古海卓二も志波西果もトーキーに敗れ去り、古海は古市の極東映画、志波は奈良の全勝キネマへと都落ちし、サイレント映画に退行してしまう。
- However, all directors did not become familiar with talkie performance easily, and even Takuji FURUMI and Seika SHIBA famous for performances filled with originality failed in talkie and Furumi returned to Kyoto Eiga Co., Ltd. of Furuichi while Shiba to Zensho Kinema of Nara to retreat to silent films.
- 上皇になると殿上人を整理(旧来は天皇在位中の殿上人はそのまま院の殿上人となる慣例であった)して院政機構の改革を行うなどの積極的な政策を採って、台頭する鎌倉幕府に対しても強硬的な路線を採った。
- Once he became the retired emperor, he made an active effort to become a (high-ranking) courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace, as a court noble (traditionally, people who served an emperor would stay with him after his reign) in order to reform the system of the cloister government; he was ready to take forceful action against the Kamakura government, which had started to behave conspicuously.
- 君主を含む権力者が、世襲その他のあらかじめ決められている地位継承の規定や慣例によらず、有能であるなどの理由で、その地位にふさわしいと考える者に自分の地位を譲ることは、譲位ではなく、禅譲と言う。
- The transfer of a position from a powerful person, including a monarch, to another person who he considers is appropriate for the position because he is capable, regardless of heredity or predetermined regulations or customs of succession of a position, is not an abdication of the throne, but jozen (peaceful transfer of power).
- 今となってはこれが幸いしてか、マズルローダー競技(前装銃競技)のマッチロック(火縄銃)種目では、欧米人の選手の多くが日本製の火縄銃を使用し、当然これを使い慣れた日本人選手もメダルを獲得し易い。
- However this is now in favor of Japanese competitors in the event of matchlock of muzzle loader since most European competitors use Japanese matchlock which is familiar to Japanese ones, it is easier for the Japanese to obtain medals.
- ちなみに、賀茂臨時祭・石清水臨時祭の奉納舞に選ばれた舞手は必ず瑪瑙の石帯を使うのが慣例であって、本来瑪瑙の帯を使うのは少将だが(臨時祭勅使は中・少将から選ばれる)この時だけは犀角の帯をつける。
- It is customary that dancers selected for the Hono-mai (a Shinto dance for dedication) in the Kamo no rinjisai (Kamo Special Festival) and Iwashimizu-rinji-matsuri (Iwashimizu Special Festival) always use sekitai with agate, and although only shosho usually use an agate sash (an imperial envoy for special festivals was selected from among chujo and shosho), they are permitted to put on a rhinoceros horn sash on this occasion.
- そのほか、2県8郡49町村の部落において産業・経済はもとより地理・歴史・人情・習慣についての全般的調査を行い、それに基づいて総合的な将来計画「適産調」を立案した(1896年 - 1902年)。
- In addition, he surveyed not only industries and economics but also geographies, histories, personalities, and customs of two prefectures, eight counties, forty-nine towns and villages, and based on the research, proposed comprehensive future plans, 'Tekisanshirabe' (1896 - 1902).
- 主君に対する忠誠を絶対とする武家倫理が徐々に確立した江戸時代においては、少なくとも徳川将軍家では見られなくなったものの、非常の措置として行跡の悪い藩主を強制的に監禁する行為は慣行として残った。
- In the Edo period when samurai ethics of seeing loyalty to lord as all-important were gradually established, the phenomenon was not seen with Tokugawa Shogunate Family at least, but the practice remained to be seen as an extraordinary step to forcibly confine lords who misconducted themselves.
- 東西と南北の通りを並べて交差点、場所を表現する京都の慣例があるが、現在は地下化されている京阪本線が存在していた時に、「三条通と『京阪』という一種の通りの交差点」と、とらえたのではないかとされる。
- There is a Kyoto custom that describes intersection and location by arranging east and west and south and north streets, but it was probably described as the 'intersection of the Sanjo Road and a type of street called 'Keihan'' when there was a main line of Keihan currently placed underground.
- しかし承久の乱以後、実際の皇位継承に関しては鎌倉幕府の承認が必要な慣例となっており、仁治3年(1242年)四条天皇の崩御に際し、幕府は有力候補であった岩倉宮忠成王の即位を覆し後嵯峨を即位させた。
- After the Jokyu War, however, approval of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was required for the effective succession of the imperial throne; in fact, because of the demise of Emperor Shijo in 1242, the Kamakura bakufu rejected Prince Iwakuranomiya Tadanari, a promising successor, and instead made Gosaga take over the imperial throne.
- これに対して当時は著作権の概念がなく、整版版木の製作・所持者が権利者であると考えられてきた当時の出版慣行と適合しないことから、版元である三都の書林(本屋)などを中心にこれを排斥する動きもあった。
- Since there was no concept of copyright at that time, and Mokkatsuji-ban was unfit for the traditional publication practice that a manufacturer and holder of a printing block was regarded as a rightful person, some bookstores as publishers in the three major cities launched a campaign against it.
- 古代においては、天皇・朝廷に海水産物を中心とした御食料(穀類以外の副食物)を贄(にえ)として貢ぐ慣習があり、律令制のもとにおいても租庸調などの税とは別に、贄の納付が定められていたと考えられている。
- In ancient times, there was a custom where Oshokuryo (side dishes excluding grain) including mainly fishery products were presented to the Emperor and the Imperial Family as sacrifices, and it is considered that, under the Ritsuryo system, this was stipulated in addition to Soyocho (a tax system).
- 平安時代は裏地を表地側にはみ出すように調製していた(おめり)が、明治時代以降、袿を重ね着しているように見せるために裏地と表地の間に中陪(なかべ)という別の生地を挟み込んで調製するのが慣例となった。
- In the Heian period, uchiki were worn so that the edges showed between each layer (a style known as omeri) but from the Meiji period, another cloth called a nakabe was inserted between the inner and outer layers, to make it appear as if the uchiki are worn in layers.
- いまご逝去の報に接し、天下はみな悲しんでいるが、朝夕法皇の徳に慣れ、法皇の恩によって名利を得た輩はなおさらである」形式的な悲しみの言葉を使いながらも、仏教帰依を非難し、近臣の悲しみを嘲笑している。
- The whole nation is in sorrow after hearing about the Emperor's death, especially people who were with the Emperor and were looked after in many ways from morning to night, and who endeavored to achieve a higher position with the Emperor's support,' although the formal words or morning were being used, he criticized the Emperor for becoming a believer in Buddhism and made fun of the sorrow his close aides expressed.
- 朝廷序列の順序を考えれば、左大臣である近衛基熙を関白に任命すべきであったが、霊元天皇は近衛を疎み、慣例を無視して2月24日に右大臣の冬経を従一位関白・藤氏長者に任命するという異例の人事を強行した。
- Seen from the order of ranks in the Imperial Court, Emperor Reigen should appoint Motohiro KONOE to Kanpaku, but the emperor shunned Konoe, ignored the common practice, and appointed Udaijin Fuyutsuna to Juichii Kanpaku and Toshi choja (the head of the Fujiwara clan), which was an exceptional and forcible personnel change.
- 明応4年(1495年)頃、伏見宮貞常親王の息で後土御門天皇の猶子である大僧正慈運法親王が26世門主として入寺して以降、曼殊院は代々皇族が門主を務めることが慣例となり、宮門跡としての地位が確立した。
- In around 1495, after Cloistered Imperial Prince Jiun of Daisojo (high priest), who was the son of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadatsune and an adopted child of Emperor Gotsuchimikado, became the twenty-sixth monshu and entered the temple, it became a custom for a member of the Imperial family to serve as a monshu in Manshuin Temple, and the position as miya-monzeki (temples headed by imperial princes) was established.
- 同32年に皇后の日葉酢媛命(ひばすひめのみこと)が薨去した際、天皇は野見宿禰の進言に従って人・馬などの土物(はにもの)を墓に立てて代替とすることを命じ、以後これが慣例になったという(埴輪の起源譚)。
- When his empress Hibasuhime no mikoto passed away in 3 A.D., by the advise of Nomi no Sukune, the Emperor ordered Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) of people, horses, and so on to be placed in the grave as the substitute for junshi, and since then, it this became the usual practice (the origin of Haniwa).
- もともと公家の日野有範の子息である親鸞と、日野広綱(覚如の父)の血統を引く東西両大谷家当主は、代々有力公家の猶子になる慣習があり、また、代々公家と通婚を続けており母系によっても公家化が進んでいった。
- There was a custom developed over generations that both the eastern and western family heads of the Otani Family's having lineage from Shinran, who was a son of the court noble Arinori HINO, and Hirotsuna HINO (Kakunyo's father) were adopted by influential court nobles; consequently, both the Otani families have increasingly been related to court nobles considering the maternal line, since they kept marriages with court nobles over generations.
- 「何本調子」の表記に「笨」の字を用いる流派もある(なお、三味線音楽、箏曲・三曲、琵琶においても「何本調子」で基本音を定める慣習があるが、分野によって実際の音の高さは異なっているので注意が必要である)。
- The character '笨' is used instead of '本' in the notation of 'nanbon-joshi' in some schools (there is the practice of specifying the fundamental tone using nanbon-joshi even in shamisen music, sokyoku (koto music), sankyoku (music performed by a shamisen (three-stringed Japanese guitar), so (thirteen-stringed Japanese zither), and shakuhachi (bamboo flute) trio), and biwa (Japanese flute) music, but attention is required because the actual tones vary according to the instrument).
- 実演家名の表示は、実演の利用の目的及び態様に照らし実演家がその実演の実演家であることを主張する利益を害するおそれがないと認められるとき又は公正な慣行に反しないと認められるときは、省略することができる。
- It shall be permissible to omit any indication of the name of the performer where, in light of the purpose and the manner of exploitation of a performance, it is determined that there is no risk of harming the interests of the performer to assert that he is the performer of his performance or that such omission is compatible with fair practice.
- 摂関政治や院政などの新しい政治形態の出現、班田制の衰退と荘園の発展、律令法的身分秩序の解体などにみられる各種の歴史上の変化によって、律令法に基づく新しい慣習法が律令法の各分野で形成されてきた結果である。
- This is a result of new common laws being formed in various areas of ritsuryo law, due to a variety of historical changes such as the emergence of new political formats like sekkan seiji (politics of regents and advisers) and insei (rule by a retired Emperor), decline of ancient farmland allotment and accepting system and development of manors, and dismantling of the class system under ritsuryo law.
- 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
- Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.
- このような感覚から、古代には日本という国家を一身で体現する存在である天皇を指し示す表現として「おおやけ」という言葉が使われ、天皇やその家、朝廷を「公家(こうけ)」或いは「公方」と呼称する慣習が生まれた。
- As a result, the term 'Oyake' (another pronunciation of 'ku' of 'kubo') was used to mean the Emperor as the national embodiment in ancient Japan, and the custom of calling the Emperor, his family, and the Court as 'Koke' (literally, public family) or 'Kubo' sprang up.
- 当時、律令制の導入を目指していた天智天皇は旧来の同母兄弟間での皇位継承の慣例に代わって唐にならった嫡子相続制(すなわち大友皇子(弘文天皇)への継承)の導入を目指しており、大海人皇子の不満を高めていった。
- At that time, Emperor Tenchi who was trying to implement the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) also trying to introduce legitimate child succession (that is, Prince Otomo [Emperor Kobun] would inherit the imperial throne) instead of the old conventional succession between brothers-uterine so Prince Oama's dissatisfaction escalated for this.
- 公表された著作物は、引用して利用することができる。この場合において、その引用は、公正な慣行に合致するものであり、かつ、報道、批評、研究その他の引用の目的上正当な範囲内で行なわれるものでなければならない。
- It shall be permissible to quote from and thereby exploit a work already made public, provided that such quotation is compatible with fair practice and to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation, such as news reporting, critique or research.
- 結髪が習慣化して以来、成人女性は自分で髪を結うのが嗜みだったのだが、髪型が複雑化した明和年間ごろにはもはや結髪の素人には手に負えず、また、後ろ髪を大きく突き出すような自分では結うのが難しい髪型が氾濫した。
- Since keppatsu (hairdressing) became common practice, it was accomplishment for an adult woman to fix her hairdo by herself, but around the Meiwa era, when the hairstyle became complicated, nonprofessional women could not handle the hairdo anymore, and the hairstyle with back hair widely projected, which was difficult to fix single-handedly, became popular.
- なお、「竜」は「龍」の異体字(「竜」は「龍」の古体字)で、龍馬自身は「竜」の字体を使ったことがないが、司馬遼太郎の「竜馬がゆく」で使われたことや、「竜」が常用漢字に採用されたこともあり、慣用化されている。
- Regarding the kanji character for 'Ryo,' the old-style character is also commonly used for Ryoma partly because Ryotaro SHIBA used the old style in his novel 'Ryoma ga Yuku' and the old-style character was selected as a 'Kanji Designated for Everyday Use' although Ryoma himself never used the old-style character.
- 当時、皇位承継するにはその父が院でなければならないという慣例ができており、やむなく皇位についたことのない守貞親王が後高倉院として治天の地位について院政を開始し、その子が後堀河天皇として即位することとなった。
- At that time, a custom prevailed that the successor of the Imperial throne should have a father who was a retired Emperor, therefore Imperial Prince Morisada who previously had no position in the Imperial Palace, succeeded to the position to start to rule the Cloistered government as Gotakakurain against his will, and his son became Emperor Gohorikawa.
- 親王は貞子・董子どちらの妃との間にも王子女に恵まれなかったため、慣例に従うなら別の宮家を創設するか臣籍降下するはずであった異母弟の有栖川宮威仁親王を、自身の後継者にすることが生前に明治天皇から許されていた。
- The Prince did not have any children either with Sadako nor Tadako, it was approved by Emperor Meiji before he died, to have his half younger brother, Arisunogawa no Miya Imperial Prince Takehito as his successor, who was supposed to have established a new Miyake or have been demoted from nobility to subject according to custom.
- 古くから歌い慣らされているのは、上記の通り、十条通を歌い込むものだが、三哲通(塩小路通)が七条通より早く歌われるとともに、九条通にある東寺を十条通とともに掲げるなど、実際の通りの順序と異なって歌われている。
- In songs traditionally sung, which include Jujo-dori Street in their words as in the song above, the streets are put in an order that is different from what they are in fact put; for example, Santetsu-dori Street (Shiokoji-dori Street) comes earlier than Shichijo-dori Street, and To-ji Temple on Kujo-Street is combined with Jujo-Street.
- 今でもこの慣習を守り続けている(ほかに、阪急において東芝製品は神宝線の電装品のほかに全駅の駅務機器や電車のエア・コンディショナー、エレベーター、業務用パーソナルコンピュータなど幅広い分野で使用されている)。
- This custom is still maintained (in addition to the electric components used on the Jinpo-sen (Kobe/Takarazuka Lines), and therefore Toshiba products are used in various areas in Hankyu Railways, such as the office equipment of all stations, the air conditioners installed in the cars, elevators and personal computers for business use).
- 一方、二朱銀については一分銀の半分の額面にもかかわらず、約4/3倍の含有銀量であり、出目獲得を目的とした悪貨の発行に慣れた幕府にとって良貨は多量に発行できるものでなかったため、貿易取引に限定するものとした。
- Meanwhile, as Nishu gin silver coins contained about four thirds of silver in spite that its face value was half of ichibu-gin silver, the bakufu decided to limit the use of those coins to international trade because it could not emit a large quantity of good money, accustomed to emitting bad money for the purpose of acquiring marginal gain.
- もっとも、鎌倉幕府初期の政所や問注所を運営していたのは、京都出身の明法道や公家法に通じた中級貴族出身者であったために全く鎌倉幕府が蓄積してきた法慣習が律令法・公家法と全く無関係に成立していた訳ではなかった。
- However, because Mandokoro, the Office of Administration, and Monchujo, the Office of Inquiry of early Kamakura bakufu were operated by people of the middle-ranked nobles from Kyoto with knowledge of Myobodo (study of Codes) and kugeho, the usage of the law accumulated by the Kamakura bakufu was not established unrelated to the ritsuryo law and the kugeho.
- 鎌倉時代には検非違使の別当が私家での検非違使庁務に使用したり、勧修寺流藤原氏当主が一族の法華八講に出るときなど、古くからの慣例故実のある場合のほかは、もっぱら大臣クラスが烏帽子直衣を着るという通念が生まれる。
- In the Kamakura period it was common for people who's official rank was higher than Minister to wear Eboshi apart from the special occasions such as; betto of Kebiishi used while working for the Kebiishi office, or when the head of the Kajuji House of the Fujiwara clan attended their hokke hakko (a Buddhist service).
- 大正元年(1912年)、明治天皇の葬送にあたり、喪宮から葬礼場まで棺を陸海軍いずれの儀仗兵によって担がせるかをめぐって紛糾し、その調停案として八瀬童子を葱華輦(天皇の棺を載せた輿)の輿丁とする慣習が復活した。
- At the funeral of Emperor Meiji in 1912, there was some trouble over which military escort from the army or navy should carry the coffin from the palace in mourning to the funeral hall; a compromise was that the custom of the Yasedoji serving as carrier for Sokaren (palanquin on which the Emperor's coffin is placed) was revived.
- 明治時代までは、春日大社の参詣者は、まず榎本神社に参拝し、柱を握り拳で何度も叩きながら(榎本の神は耳が遠いので)「春日さん、お参りました」などと言い、榎本神社の祠の周りを廻った後に本殿に参るという慣習があった。
- Up until the Meiji period, worshipers of Kasuga-taisha Shrine thought they should visit Enomoto-jinja Shrine first while beating a pillar with a fist many times (because the god of Enomoto is deaf) saying 'Kasuga-san, I have come to visit you' and go around his Hokora and then proceed to the main hall.
- 次のイ又はロに該当する業務であつて、当該業務に係る労働者派遣が労働者の職業生活の全期間にわたるその能力の有効な発揮及びその雇用の安定に資すると認められる雇用慣行を損なわないと認められるものとして政令で定める業務
- work falling under (a) or (b) below which is specified by a Cabinet Order as work with regard to which the worker dispatch does not damage an employment practice that is considered to be conducive to the effective exhibition of the ability of the workers during the entire period of their employment careers and to the security of their employment;
- 肩書として位階と勲等を用いる場合、古くからの儀典の慣例として、「正三位勲一等日本太郎」のように勲章を省くのが正式とされ、たとえば国会議員が死亡した場合の国会での弔詞でもそのような勲章省略の肩書で故人を呼称した。
- According to the traditional protocol, the court rank and the medal for merit were formally put as the title without the decorations like 'Senior Third Rank, the First Order of Merit, Taro NIPPON,' which was seen as an example in the message of condolence for a member of the Diet read in the Diet.
- 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
- It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.
- 一上が特に定められていない場合には、摂関を除く最上位の公卿、当時の場合には左大臣源兼明が一上の職務を行う慣例となっていたが、兼通による指名によって賜姓皇族として人望の厚かった兼明の政治的権限が剥奪されてしまった。
- If no ichi no kami was specified, the court noble with the top rank other than the sessho and kanpaku, at that time, MINAMOTO no Kaneakira, sadaijin customarily carried out jobs of the ichi no kami, but because of appointment by Kanemichi, political powers of Kaneakira, who was very popular as a sisei kozoku (a member of the Imperial Family conferred with a family name) was divested.
- 主君押込(しゅくんおしこめ、単なる「押込」とも)は鎌倉時代から武家社会に見られた慣行で、特に江戸時代の幕藩体制において、行跡が悪いとされる藩主を、家老らの合議による決定により、強制的に監禁(押込)する行為を指す。
- Shukun oshikome (or simply called 'oshikome') is a practice seen in the samurai society beginning in the Kamakura period, and it especially refers to the forcible confinement of the allegedly misbehaving lord based on the decision made by Karo (chief retainers) and others after consultation.
- 前条第一項第一号に掲げる物象の状態の量のうち別表第一の上欄に掲げるものの計量単位は、同表の下欄に掲げるとおりとし、その定義は、国際度量衡総会の決議その他の計量単位に関する国際的な決定及び慣行に従い、政令で定める。
- The measurement units of the quantities of the state of physical phenomena listed in the left column of appended table 1 among the quantities of the state of the physical phenomena listed in paragraph 1, item 1 of the preceding Article shall be those listed in the right column of the same table and the definition of each of those units shall be prescribed by Cabinet Order in accordance with resolutions of the General Conference on Weights and Measures and other international decisions and practices with regard to measurement units.
- 摂関などの高官による上表は3回行われてそのうち2回目までは天皇から慰留を受けて上表が返却され、3度目の上表を受けて天皇から辞任の可否が判断される(上表を納れて辞任を認めるか、返して辞任を拒否する)のが慣例とされた。
- For the officials in high positions such as Sekkan (Regent to the Emperor), it became a custom in which, Johyo was handed three times: the first two times, the Emperor asked for dissuasion from resigning or leaving and handed it back and the third time he made a decision (whether to accept the Johyo and the resignation or hand it back to reject the resignation).
- 受領は租税納入先の大寺社や摂関家のような上級貴族へ滞納が生じると、勤務評定である受領功過定(ずりょうこうかさだめ)を切り抜けるために、公領の一部の租税収納権を納入先の大寺社や摂関家に与えることが慣例になっていった。
- To deal with tax delinquencies designated to the main temples and shrines, and the high-ranked aristocracy including Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), it became customary for Zuryo to give away to those tax recipients the rights to collect taxes from parts of koryo, as an attempt to avoid poor evaluation with Zuryo koka sadame, their job performance reviews.
- 今出川兼季や西園寺実俊(ただし、貞治3年以後)といった現職・前職大臣に勅裁を伝える場合には当時の公家社会の慣例に従って院宣や綸旨はその家の家司宛に出されたのに対して、武家執奏が大納言以下の場合には本人宛に出された。
- In cases where the chokusai was conveyed to the current or former ministers such as Kanesue IMADEGAWA and Sanetoshi SAIONJI (1224 or later), the messages of inzen and rinji were conveyed to the keishi (household superintendent) of the household in accordance with the court nobles' customary practice at that time, while in cases where the bukeshisso's rank was Dainagon (Chief Counselor of State) or lower, the messages were sent directly to the designated person.
- また、本来従三位相当である筈の近衛大将が大臣の兼官となることが慣例化するに連れて、従三位の者が近衛中将に任ぜられ、三位中将となることが通例化すると、正四位の者は近衛少将に任ぜられることが多くなった(結城秀康など)。
- Moreover, as it became a custom that Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of Palace Guard) who was originally supposed to be ranked as Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) also held the post of Minister, it also became a rule that someone ranked as Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) was named Konoe no chujo (Middle Captain of Palace Guard) and became Sanmi chujo (Third Rank Middle Captain), and someone ranked as Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) often came to be named Konoe shosho (Minor Captain of Palace Guard) such as Hideyasu YUKI.
- 学術的な視点からは、旧民法が自然法思想に立脚していたことに対して、法の歴史性・民族性を強調した歴史法学からの批判、内容的なものとしては、日本古来の家族制度を始めとする日本の伝統・習慣にそぐわないという批判があった。
- From an academic viewpoint the fact that the Old Civil Code was based on the thought of natural law, there arose criticisms from historical jurisprudence emphasizing a historical and racial nature of law, which included criticisms that the content of the Code would not fit Japanese tradition and customs including Japanese traditional family system.
- 「季節-時刻」の表現(春は曙など)は、当時古今集に見られる「春-花-朝」のような通念的連環に従いつつ、和歌的伝統に慣れ親しんだ読者の美意識の硬直性への挑戦として中間項である風物を省いた斬新なものである(藤本宗利)。
- Although it followed the conventional 'spring - flower -morning' type of link that was often seen in Kokinshu in those days, its use of the 'season-time' type of expression (such as 'the best time in spring is dawn'), which omitted the middle poetic element, was innovative, challenging as it did the rigid esthetic values held by readers who were familiar with poetic traditions. (Munetoshi FUJIMOTO)
- これは明治時代からのシステムであるが、第2祖日興の「この法門は師弟子をたゞして仏になる法門にて候なり」(佐渡国法華講衆御返事)の伝統と慣習を踏襲したものであり、「組織結成許可書」に類する江戸期の古文書も残っている。
- This system has been maintained since the Meiji period, as it said in Nikko the second, 'these Homon (teachings of Buddhism) are to teach the right way from the teacher to the disciples' (Sadonokuni Hokke Ko Shu Gohenji (Reply to those of Hokke Ko in Sado Province)), and the traditions and customs were followed and some old documents still remain related to 'Soshiki Kessei Kyokasho' in the Edo period.
- なお、交差点名は慣例として「四条烏丸」が普通の呼び方となっているが、交差点から南北へ向かった場所(烏丸通り沿線)を指す場合は「烏丸四条」(からすましじょう)と呼ぶ(通り名と呼び方の関わりについては京都市地理を参照)。
- It is customary to call the crossing as 'Shijo Karasuma,' but, to indicate the area in the north-south direction of the crossing, 'Karasuma Shijo' is used (for how to name a street, refer to the geography of Kyoto).
- 個別の国司苛政上訴事案を観察すると、訴えられた国司らは、慣例で免除されていた税目を法令どおりに課税したり、当時よく発令された天皇代替わり新制に伴う地方税制に則った課税を行ったりと、彼らの遵法的な行政姿勢が見て取れる。
- Examining individual cases of Kokushi kasei joso, we can find law-abiding administrative stances of the sued Kokushi; some legally levied tax items not collected by customs or others levied local taxes, often collected in those days under a new system by the change of the emperors.
- その後、院政期に入ると朔旦冬至の年に官務と局務に各3部ずつ、記録所に1部を進上することが慣例化された(大治 (日本)元年藤原宗忠『中右記』・永仁5年賀茂定清『永仁五年朔旦冬至記』・明徳3年中原師豊『大外記師豊記』)。
- Later, when insei period started, people made it rule to present three copies of the calendar to kanmu and kyokumu and one copy to kirokujo in the year of sakutan toji (according to 'Chuyuki' by FUJIWARA no Munetada in 1126, 'Einin gonen sakutan tojiki' by Kamo no Sadakiyo in 1297 and 'Daigeki morotoyoki' by Morotoyo NAKAHARA in 1392).
- 弁官局で実際に実務を運営したのは大少史であり、特殊技能である算道、文書作成の慣行に関する知識が求められることから、専門職として一体意識が醸成され、大少史の筆頭である左大史上首が大少史を統括する弁官局の主催者となった。
- As Daishi and Shoshi, who were engaged in the practical business in Benkankyoku, were required to have a special skill of Sando and knowledge of practices in drawing up official documents, a sense of solidarity was formed among them; therefore, Sadaishijoshu which was the head of Daishi and Shoshi became a leader of Benkankyoku, presiding over Daishi and Shoshi.
- 作られて誕生して長い時間を経て、健在でありつづけた器物や生き物などには、霊魂が宿るとして「畏怖や畏敬の念を抱く」といった習慣・価値観は、日本に普遍的に存在するものであり、根底に流れる思想は神道や古神道と同じものである。
- The practice/sense of values of believing in the existence of spirits in long-lived articles/living things and 'having a feeling of reverence/awe' for them was common in Japan, and the philosophy of Tsukumogami is the same with that of contemporary and ancient Shinto.
- これが賄賂好き(後述の様に、現在の賄賂とは意味合いが異なる)な吉良上野介の不興を買い、饗応役に不慣れな浅野内匠頭に対して勅使への音信、増上寺の畳替え、殿中礼服の違いなど事あるごとに苛めたことが原因としているものが多い。
- This Asano's act displeased Kirano Kozuke no Suke who was into bribery (as described later, the term bribe used here has a different meaning than the modern term), and the cause of the incident is thought to be Kira pointing out every single fault to Asano Takumi no Kami, who was not familiar with his position as an attendant such as the ways Asano contacted Inshi, re-covered the tatamis of Zojo-ji Temple and wore different formal dress inside the palace.
- 第三十二条の規定により著作物を複製以外の方法により利用する場合又は第三十五条、第三十六条第一項、第三十八条第一項、第四十一条若しくは第四十六条の規定により著作物を利用する場合において、その出所を明示する慣行があるとき。
- where exploitation of works, by means other than by reproduction, is made pursuant to the provisions of Article 32, or where exploitation of works is made pursuant to the provisions of Article 35, Article 36, paragraph (1), Article 38, paragraph (1), or Article 41 or 46, if, in each case, standard practice so requires.
- 肖像画ではザビエルはトンスラであるが、実はザビエルの死後70年~80年くらいに日本人が本人を見ないで描いたもので、ザビエルの会派(イエズス会)にはトンスラの慣習がなかったので、トンスラではない説のほうが有力とされている。
- The theory that Xavier was not with tonsure might be most probable, since the portrait with him in tonsure was actually painted by Japanese 70 or 80 years after the death of Xavier without seeing him, and the denomination of Xavier (Society of Jesuits) not practicing tonsure.
- 和宮及びそのお付き女中は宮中風の生活習慣を守り(一例を挙げると天皇の許しがないため冬期でも足袋をはかず裸足であった)、一方、大奥になじまない和宮一行を大奥側も不遇な待遇をしていじめるなどし、当初は険悪な空気であったという。
- Kazunomiya and her maids kept the same customs like the Imperial style, (for example they spent winter time bear foot without wearing socks since the Emperor did not allow them to do so), on the other hand, people in Ooku gave the hard time to Kazunomiya and her maids as they did not get used to the new life in Ooku, it is said there was a bad atmosphere inside the Ooku in those days.
- 当時の習慣として将軍に教えている真っ最中に尿を漏らしたとなると厳罰は免れないので、それを察した家茂は水をかけるいたずらをすることでその失敗を隠し、「明日も出仕するように」と発言することで不問に処することを表明したのである。
- Since it was a custom of those days to invariably and severely punish someone having incontinence while teaching a shogun, Iemochi realized this and hid the accident by mischievously pouring water on Yasukiyo, expressing that he would overlook the incident by saying, 'You have to attend at the court tomorrow as well.'
- 1897年1月21日、総督府により『台湾阿片令』が公布されると、総督府は阿片を専売対象品目とし民間の販売を禁止し、また習慣的な吸引者には一代限定の吸引免許を発行し、新規免許の発行を行わないことで時間をかけた阿片撲滅を図った。
- On January 21, 1897, the Sotoku-fu issued the Taiwan Opium Edict mandating a government monopoly of opium trade and prohibiting private sales of opium, and allowed opium addicts to smoke opium for their lifetime by issuing opium smoking permits without producing new permits to eliminate opium over time.
- まず、当時の国際慣習法規範において国家を代表する個人に対する脅迫による強制調印は無効であると認めつつも、本協約に関しては個人(皇帝・高宗 (朝鮮王))の強制と脅迫に関する歴史的資料に乏しいことから、無効論を退ける立場がある。
- First, admitting that compulsory signing due to a threat against an individual who represents a state is invalid in the norm of the international common law in those days, there is a position to repulse the views of invalidity on the ground that historical data related to this treaty on compulsion and a threat against the individual (Emperor Gao Zong [King of Korea]) are insufficient.
- なお、勲等に叙す慣習がなくなった今日でも、勲等を詐称することは、位階・学位その他法令に定めた称号、あるいは外国においてそれらに準ずるものを含めて軽犯罪法第1条15項において違法とされ、違反した場合、拘留又は科料に処せられる。
- There is no institution of the medals for merit in Japan at present, but still, the false statement of the medals for merit, including the rank, the academic degree, and any other titles stipulated in the law as well as those corresponding to them in the foreign countries, is treated as illegal according to the Minor Offense Act Article 1 Section 15; the person who violates the law receives punishment like detention or light fine.
- しかし名古屋高等検察庁時代に死刑執行に立ち会った三井環元検察官によれば死刑執行された死刑囚の身体は30分間ぶら下げるのが慣例となっており、30分もぶら下げることで「確実に」死亡しているため、現在では蘇生する可能性は皆無である。
- However according to Takamki MITSUI, former prosecutor, who attended executions when he was working at the High Public Prosecutors' Office in Nagoya, a body of a condemned usually is hanged about 30 minutes and the condemned will be dead for sure, there is no possibility of resuscitation today.
- ところが、旅行者のインターネット対応が進み、エアラインやビジネス系のホテルのように、サイトを通じた予約等が特殊なものでなくなっていくに連れて、エージェントとの関係やエージェント側に有利とされる商慣行がかえって足かせとなっている。
- However, as travelers get used to using the Internet, and as making reservations on airline and business hotel websites is becoming more common, those relationships, in favor of travel agents, are working against onsen-ryokan.
- 古代、氏族としての帰属は父系を原則としていたのは事実としても、生活習慣は基本的に母系制であり、家の継承が常に父系的に行われていたとは考えられないのではないだろうか、ということである(その後の時代も婿養子という制度は残されている)。
- In ancient times, belonging to a clan was based on the father-line, but customs are based upon the mother-line, therefore it is suspicious that the succession of a household was always based on the father-line (In subsequent periods, there has been a system taking a son-in-law into the house).
- 欧化主義(おうかしゅぎ)とは、1880年代の日本において、明治政府が日本の文物・制度・風俗・習慣をヨーロッパ風にして欧米諸国に日本の近代化を認めてもらおうとして採った政策(欧化政策)とこれに関連して盛んに行われた思潮・風俗の動き。
- Europeanism is a policy (a policy of Europeanization) which the Meiji Government implemented to make an impression on Western countries by modernizing Japan, that is to say, by Europeanizing Japanese things, regulations, folkways, and customs in Japan in 1880s, and an active movement of thought and folkways of the times related to the policy.
- その慣習は戦国時代 (日本)初期の永正2年(1505年)の室町幕府による撰銭令の中において、(銅銭96枚を100文とすることを前提として)100文の1/3を32文として換算する規定が見られ、こうした慣行を九六銭(くろくせん)とも呼んだ。
- This custom is found in the ban on use of poor-quality currency issued by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the early Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), 1505, saying (on the assumption that 96 cooper coins is considered as 100 mon) all figures must be converted at 32 mon to one third of 100 mon, and such a custom was also called kurokusen ('ku' means 9, 'roku' means 6 and 'sen' means money).
- そうした中で、武士は所領の知行権などをめぐる訴訟(所務沙汰)において幕府による裁定が下された後も、当時の社会で容認されていた自力救済慣行を背景として、必ずしも幕府裁定に従わず、自らの実力を行使して所領知行権を確保しようとする傾向があった。
- On the other hand, there was a tendency that samurai, even after the bakufu judged in the lawsuit over the right of fief, which was called shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues), not necessarily followed the bakufu's judgment but tried to keep their right to manage the territory using their force with the aid of the customary practice of self-help which had been approved in the society at that time.
- 『日本書紀』においても、人々の往来を妨害する神(「荒神」)や地元の人々の存在が多数登場しており、大化の改新直後においても旅人がその地域の慣習を知らずに禁忌を犯したためにその地域の人々に処罰されていることが問題視されているなどの記載がある。
- In 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), Kojin (a god) and other local people who make human traffic stop are introduced, and descriptions include that, immediately after the Taika Reforms, some travelers were punished by local people because they violated a taboo not knowing the customs in the area.
- 他方実定法とは立法機関のような人為的な存在によって作り出されてきた法律で、形而上的な普遍性を法源として採用せず、法とは一定の地域・時代の中でのみ有効であることを自覚する性質を持つもので、具体的には蓄積されてきた判例や慣習法、制定法を指す。
- On the other hand, positive law is a legislation created by aritificial existence such as a legislative organ which does not adopt metaphysical generality as a source of law and has a nature to understand the law to be effective only in a certain region and era and, in other words, it means accumulated court cases, customary law and statutes.
- 先の年号問題は持氏の妥協でケリが付いたものの、比叡山の呪詛問題、それに1438年(永享10年)には嫡子の元服の際に義教を無視し勝手に名前をつけた(当時は慣例として将軍から一字を拝領していた)ことなどから幕府との関係は一触即発となっていた。
- The era issue mentioned above was resolved owing to a compromise by Mochiuji but his relationship with the the government remained volatile because of the Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple curse issue, and also because, in 1438, Mochiuji ignored Yoshinori and named his son himself when he reached adulthood (according to the custom of that time, one of the Chinese characters used in the shogun's name was given).
- 同じく赴任した武蔵国司興世王と共に赴任早々に検注を実施すると、在地の豪族である足立郡司で判代官の武蔵武芝が正任国司の赴任以前には検注が行われない慣例になっていたことから検注を拒否した為、経基らは兵を繰り出して武芝の郡家を襲い、略奪を行った。
- As soon as he was sent to there, he conducted kenchu (land survey) together with Prince Okiyo, who was also sent to Musashi Province as Governor, MUSASHI no Takeshiba, who was Gozoku (local ruling family) in the local area as well as Adachi gunji and local governer for judicial decision, refused the survey since he insisted it was custom not to do the survey before the official appointment of senior provincial governer, after this incident, Tsunemoto and others raised an army and attacked Takeshiba's gunke (public office) and plundered everything from there.
- 官位相当において従三位に相当する官職としては、大宰帥、弾正尹、中納言、左右の近衛大将などがあるが、実際には太宰帥は親王が任官する例が多く、近衛大将は左大臣及び右大臣が兼官する場合が慣例化し、三位にある者は左右の近衛中将となる場合が多かった。
- In kani soto (corresponding relationship between court ranks of government officials and government posts), the corresponding government officials for Jusanmi are Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices, danjoin (President of the Board of Censors), Chunagon (Vice-councilor of state), left and right Konoe-Daisho (commander of the inner palace guard division), etc., but in reality, the Imperial Prince often served as the Dazai no sochi, Konoe-Daisho was routinely doubled by the Sadaijin (minister of the left) and Udaijin (minister of the right), and those with Sanmi often became left or right Konoe-Chujo (lieutenant general of the inner palace guard division).
- また作中での人物表記は当時の実際の社会の習慣に沿ったものであると見られ、人物をその官職や居住地などのゆかりのある場所の名前で呼んだり、「一の宮」や「三の女宮」あるいは「大君」や「小」君といった一般的な尊称や敬称で呼んだりしていることが多い。
- Also, the characters' names in the work seem to be followed by the social custom in those days, and they are called by their ranks and places of dwelling, or by general honorific titles such as 'Ichi no Miya (first Imperial Prince),' 'Onna Sannomiya (third Imperial Princess),' 'Oigimi (oldest sister)' or 'Kogimi (youngest child).'
- それまでは、漁師、船乗りや、武士階級の間で武術として日本泳法があったに過ぎなかった水泳が、全国に海水浴場が開設され、国民皆泳の名の下に学校教育でも水泳が体育教科として取り上げられたことで、庶民の間に海水浴(水泳)の習慣が拡がる第一歩となった。
- Until then, swimming had been limited to fishermen, sailors and the samurai class as one of the military arts but the establishment of swimming beaches throughout Japan and the adoption of swimming as part of physical education at schools in the name of 'Kokumin Kaiei' (swimming for the whole nation) were the first steps toward the popularization of sea bathing (swimming) among commoners.
- 重要無形民俗文化財(じゅうようむけいみんぞくぶんかざい)は、衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事などに関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術など、人々が日常生活の中で生み出し継承してきた無形の民俗文化財のうち、特に重要なものとして国が指定したものである。
- Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property refers to intangible folk culture which people have created in their daily lives and passed on to subsequent generations, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts, occupations, religious faiths, folk techniques related to clothing, food and housing, and festivals, and which have been designated as especially important by the national government.
- 実際に襲撃したのは現在の時刻で翌12月15日 (旧暦)(1月31日)に入っての未明午前4時頃であったが、江戸時代の慣習では日の出の明け六つ鐘(1月31日では6時45分頃)を1日の区切りとしたので、当時の日付としては「14日の斬り込み」となる。
- Although the time when they actually made the raid was around 4 a.m. on December 15 according to the old calendar (January 31 in the modern calendar), it is considered 'the raid on 14' since there was a custom to divide and start each day at sunrise (which was at 6:45 a.m. on January 31) in the Edo period.
- 房前が生前元明天皇や聖武天皇の信任厚く特に祖父・鎌足と同じ内臣の地位が与えられたのは事実であるが、当時の慣習として高官の嫡男が父親の存命中に高位に昇る事が憚られていた事を考えると、当初は南家が藤原氏の嫡流であったと考えるのが妥当とされている。
- While it is true that Fusasaki was trusted during his life by Emperor Genmei and Emperor Shomu and was awarded the same Naishin post (government post) as his grandfather Kamatari, considering the general custom that prohibited the rightful male successor to a high-ranking official from holding an important government post, it is more likely that the Southern House was initially the rightful successor of the Fujiwara clan.
- 設定行為で地上権の存続期間を定めなかった場合において、別段の慣習がないときは、地上権者は、いつでもその権利を放棄することができる。ただし、地代を支払うべきときは、一年前に予告をし、又は期限の到来していない一年分の地代を支払わなければならない。
- In cases where the duration of superficies is not fixed by the act that established the same, if there is no other custom, the superficiary may renounce their rights at any time; provided, however, that, if rent must be paid, the superficiary must give notice one year or more in advance or pay rent for one year that has not yet become due and payable.
- 国際法上では、個人に対する脅迫もあったか国家に対する圧力のみかという論点よりも、強制に基づく条約調印を無効とする国際慣習法上の規範もしくは規則が1905年当時に存在していたと認識するか否かという論点において、最も大きく議論と立場が分かれている。
- In international law, rather than at the point whether there was also a threat against an individual or there was only a pressure against a state, at the point whether people recognize or not that norms or regulations in the international common law which invalidates conclusion of treaties under threat could exist at the time of 1905, arguments and positions have been separated to the highest degree.
- こうした事情より、太政大臣に代わって左大臣が太政官を統括する慣例が生じたが、後に藤原良房及び藤原基経が太政大臣と摂政を兼ねると、太政大臣と摂政の職掌の違いは何か、あるいは太政大臣と左大臣が並存する場合にはどちらが太政官を統括するかで混乱が生じた。
- Although these conditions lead to a custom of Sadaijin managing Daijokan in place of Daijo-daijin, later on when FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and FUJIWARA no Mototsune served as both Daijo-daijin and Sessho (regent), there arose some confusion as to the difference in the duties of Daijo-daijin and Sessho, and who would control Daijokan when there were both Daijo-daijin and Sadaijin at the same time.
- 国は、対象労働者等の職業生活と家庭生活との両立を妨げている職場における慣行その他の諸要因の解消を図るため、対象労働者等の職業生活と家庭生活との両立に関し、事業主、労働者その他国民一般の理解を深めるために必要な広報活動その他の措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures, including publicity activities, to increase awareness of employers, workers, and the general public with regard to balancing work life and family life of Subject Workers, etc. in order to eliminate workplace practices and other factors that prevent Subject Workers, etc. from balancing work life and family life.
- 大同_(日本)元年(806年)、桓武天皇の子・伊予親王が遙任で大宰帥に任じられ、弘仁14年(823年)の大宰府管区内での公営田設置を機に親王任国と同様に親王(当時は葛原親王)が任命されるのが慣例となり、こうした皇族を「帥宮(そちのみや)」と呼称した。
- As Imperial Prince Iyo, a son of Emperor Kanmu, was appointed to Dazai no sochi as an absentee official in 806, and the land system Kueiden was introduced in the district of Dazaifu in 823, it became a practice that the Imperial Prince (Imperial Prince Kazuwara at that time) was appointed Dazai no sochi just like Shinoninkoku and called 'Sochinomiya.'
- 「龍馬」は慣用音(『広辞苑』第5版)では「りゅうま」だが、漢音は「りょうま」で、同時代人の日記や書簡に「良馬」の当て字で記されていることもあり、また龍馬自身も書簡の中で「りよふ」と自署していることもあるため、「りょうま」と読まれていたことは間違いない。
- There is no doubt that his first name was pronounced as 'Ryoma' considering that the kanji of his first name is pronounced 'Ryoma' according to 'Kan-on' (the Han reading of a kanji) although pronounced 'Ryuma' according to 'Kan-yo on' (the special Japanese reading) (see 'Kojien' the fifth edition), that his contemporaries wrote down in their diaries and letters the kanji of the phonetic equivalent of 'Ryoma' to refer to Ryoma, and that Ryoma himself sometimes added his signature reading 'Riyofu' to his letters.
- 明治憲法下で天皇の権能は特に規定がなければ国務大臣が補弼することとなっていたが、それは憲法に明記されておらず、また、慣習的に軍令(作戦・用兵に関する統帥事務)については国務大臣ではなく、統帥部(陸軍:参謀総長。海軍:軍令部総長)が輔弼することとなっていた。
- Under the Meiji Constitution, the capacity and power of the Emperor was used to be assisted by the Minister of State if there was no specific regulations, but it was not written in the Constitution, and traditionally as for the military orders (supreme command affairs related to the strategy and tactics) were assisted not by the Minister of State but by the supreme command staff (the Chief of the Army General Staff and the President of the Naval General Staff).
- しかしながら、吉平と吉昌の生年の差がほとんど無い(1年差)ことや、世襲が慣例化していた時代に本来ならば嫡男が任ぜられるべき陰陽頭の職を次男であるはずの吉昌が就任していることなどから、安倍吉平は庶兄(異母兄)であり、安倍吉昌が晴明の嫡男ではないかとの説もある。
- However, some say that ABE no Yoshimasa was the legitimate son of Seimei while Yoshihira was the elder brother of Yoshimasa with a different mother, given that the issues; the age difference between Yoshihira and yoshimasa was just a year; the post of Onmyo no kami which was supposed to be appointed to the legitimate son (the eldest son) was assumed by the second son of seimei, Yoshimasa.
- また、一部の古文書では安倍朝臣晴明ではなく安倍宿禰晴明と記載されるものが散見されるため、「朝臣」を「宿禰」の上位に厳格に位置づける当時の慣習から考えて、安倍御主人からの安倍朝臣姓の家系ではなく、難波吉士族の難波忌寸(のち宿禰)の末裔ではないかとする説もある。
- However, because ABE no Sukune Seimei, instead of ABE no Ason Seimei, appears often in a group of ancient documents, and based on the practice at that time of strictly placing 'Ason' above 'Sukune,' there is a view that considers him as a descendant of NANIWA no Imiki (later sukune) of the NANIWA no Kishi clan instead of a family that bears the ABE no Ason family name that originates from ABE no Miushi.
- 朝鮮側がこの条項になんら抵抗を示していないのは、先に述べたように国際法についての無関心からくるのであるが、それ以外に江戸時代の対馬藩との往来の頃には民事案件であろうと刑事のものであろうと、日本人犯罪者は倭館の日本人責任者に引き渡していた慣例があったためである。
- One reason why Korea did not resist this provision was that they were indifferent to international law, as described before, but there was another reason that during the Edo period when they traded with the Tsushima clan, traditionally the criminals were given over to the Japanese in charge in the Japanese consular office, no matter whether it was a civil or criminal case.
- チベットでは、経典は、信仰心を著わすものとしてながらく写本で流布していたが、中国の明朝の永楽帝は中国に使者を派遣するチベット諸侯や教団への土産として、1410年木版による大蔵経を開版、この習慣がチベットにも取り入れられ、以後、何種類かが開版されることになった。
- In Tibetan, Buddhist sutras were for a long time widely distributed as manuscripts in order to reveal religious devotion, but in 1410 Emperor Yongle of China's Ming dynasty ordered the carving of wooden blocks of the Tripitaka as souvenirs for Tibetan feudal lords and religious associations that sent messengers to China; this custom was incorporated into Tibet and subsequently led to the carving of various Buddhist sutras.
- 中世・近世には拘禁施設が不十分であること、身分が異なる者を同一施設に拘禁することは身分制度の建前上不適切とされたことを理由として身分が高い者(公家・武家・僧侶)を有力な御家人のもとに預けることが鎌倉幕府において行われており武家法の慣例として武家社会で行われてきた。
- For the reasons of insufficient detention facilities and inappropriateness of interning people of different social status in the same facilities, people of high social status (court noble, samurai family and Buddhist monks) were taken to major gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) during the time of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and so this became a custom under the Bukeho in the samurai society in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 水子とはこのように、もともとは死亡した胎児だけでなく乳児期、幼児期に死亡した子供を含む概念であったが、戦後の日本で人工妊娠中絶が爆発的に増加したことを受け、1970年代ごろから中絶で死んだ胎児の霊を弔う水子供養の習慣が広まっていくとともに、現在の意味が定着していった。
- Just as described, Mizuko was a notion that included not only dead fetuses, but also children who have died during their infancy or in early childhood; however, due to the explosive increase of abortion in Japan after the war, the meaning which is used in the present day began to take hold as the custom of mizuko kuyo (a mass for a body lost through miscarriage or abortion) spread from around 1970s.
- 平安時代、桓武天皇の政策により東宮とならなかった親王を八省卿にする方針が打ち出されたが、後に親王に政治責任を負わせることに消極的な立場から中務省、兵部省兵部省 (律令制)、式部省、弾正尹、大宰帥といった名誉職に就いて俸禄のみを得て、政務には携わらないという慣習ができた。
- In the Heian period, a plan was put out for making the Shinno, who was not able to become a Togu (crown prince) due to Emperor Kammu's policy, a Minister for one of the eight central ministries, but later, from a passive viewpoint towards putting political responsibility on a Shinno, it became a custom for a Shinno to take the position of an honorary office such as the Ministry of Central Affairs, Ministry of Military (Treasury code), Ministry of Ceremonial, Danjoin, and Dazai no sochi, where they received only stipends and did not participate in state affairs.
- 彼はフランス人ではあったが、ナポレオン法典の直輸入には反対してあくまでも日本国内の事情にも配慮した民法典を作成すべきであると主張していた(大木もこの考えに同意して、この年と1883年に民事法に纏わる全国的な慣習法調査が行われて「(全国)民事慣例類集」として編纂された)。
- Although he was a Frenchman, he disagreed to the direct import of Code Napoleon, and asserted that Minpoten should include considerations of the domestic situation in Japan (Oki agreed to the idea, and in the same year and in 1883 'Zenkoku Minji Kanreirui-shu' (national civil customary) was complied based on the nationwide research of customary law related to Civil Code.
- これは、新田氏の祖である源義重が源頼朝の鎌倉幕府の創設に非協力的であったため、幕府成立後には源義国の系統を束ねる棟梁としての地位が義重の弟源義康の子足利義兼の系統に変移し、新田氏のみならず源氏の系譜を持った武士をその支配下に置くという慣例が定着したためであるという説がある。
- Regarding the background of the above description, some people assert that as the founder of the Nitta clan Yoshishige NITTA showed MINAMOTO no Yoritomo an uncooperative attitude in establishing the Kamakura bakufu, the status of the head of the families originating from MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni shifted, after the establishment of bakufu, to Yoshikane ASHIKAGA, a son of Yoshishige's younger brother MINAMOTO no Yoshiyasu, and the practice of the Ashikaga clan ruling the samurai of Genji including the Nitta family, became fixed.
- 更にこの条文が実際に源頼朝の時代に行われていた法理を根拠とするものなのか、はたまた頼朝以前からの慣習法が頼朝の時代以後も行われたものなのか、更には頼朝以後に成立した又は御成敗式目で初めて採用した法理を頼朝によって定められた法理として仮託させたものなのかについては意見が分かれている。
- And the opinion is divided; this provision was based on the legal principle exercised indeed in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo; the common law before Yoritomo was also done after the period of Yoritomo; or the legal principle, established after Yoritomo or adopted for the first time for the Goseibai-shikimoku, was treated as the legal principle established by Yoritomo.
- これは均一区間のエリアが広いこともあり、均一区間のみを走る路線が多く、また均一区間専用の車には運賃表や整理券発行器が取り付けられていないため、運賃が区間によって変わることが習慣付けられていない人がたまに多区間系統に乗って運賃の不足に気付かないまま降車してしまうことを防ぐためと思われる。
- Given the expansive area constituting the uniform fare sections, there are many routes that run only in the uniform fare sections and neither a fare table nor a machine to issue numbered tickets is provided for the buses dedicated for the uniform fare sections; consequently, it's considered that such an announcement is made to prevent the occurrence of the following phenomenon: when a person unfamiliar to the fact that fares depend on sections happens to get on a bus running on a multi-section route, the person gets off the bus without noticing that insufficient fare has been paid.
- その後、一時期頼通の娘・藤原寛子(後冷泉天皇皇后)に譲られたものの、康平3年(1060年)頃より以後の摂関家の大饗や藤氏長者就任の儀式、立太子や立后、元服など、摂関家及び皇室の重要行事はここで行われる慣例が形成され、所有者も藤原師通以後は代々藤氏長者(=摂関家当主)の所有と定められた。
- After that, its ownership was transferred for a while to FUJIWARA no Kanshi (the Empress of the Emperor Goreizei), his daughter, but around 1060, it became customary that important events of imperial families and sekkan-ke (the top family in the govermental hierarchy), such as big banquets by sekkan-ke, the ceremony of assuming the position of Toshi Choja (the chief of the Fujiwara clan), the ceremonies of instituting a crown prince and an empress and coming-of-age ceremonies, were held here, and therefore, it was decided after the era of FUJIWARA no Moromichi that the place would be owned by Toshi Choja (the chief of the sekkan-ke) in each generation.
- これは泰時が『法曹至要抄』や明法道の目安(訴状・陳状などの法律文書)を研究していたことや、編纂に参加しているのが泰時とともに六波羅探題を務めた叔父の北条時房(幕府連署)や京都の下級官人出身者やその子弟が中心であったのも御成敗式目の法源を武家慣習法ではなく公家法に求めたからと考えられている。
- It has been believed that the reason why Yasutoki studied 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) as well as the criterion of Myobodo (study of Codes) (legal documents of petition, petition for objection, and so forth) and why his uncle Tokifusa HOJO, a bakufu rensho (assistant to regents in bakufu) who had worked as Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) with him and person who had come from lower-ranking government official in Kyoto and their descendents participated in the compilation were that he sought the source of law not for the common law for samurai families, but for the court noble law.
- 新年が来ると幕府将軍は高家を名代として天皇と上皇(院)に対して新年祝賀の奏上をおこない、天皇と上皇はそれに対する勅答の使者(天皇の使者は勅使といい、上皇の使者は院使または仙洞使(当時上皇は仙洞御所という所で院政を執ったため)という)を3月に江戸へ下向させるのが江戸時代の毎年の慣例であった。
- It was customary during the Edo period that, when a new year commenced, the shogun sent Koke (position in the Tokugawa shogunate which mainly handled ceremonial matters) as his representative to present the emperor and retired emperor (In) a New Year's greeting and, in return, the emperor and the retired emperor sent an envoy to give an imperial reply (the emperor's envoy was called chokushi and the retired emperor's envoy was call inshi or sentoshi (because, at that time, the retired emperor administered the government by cloistered emperor) to Edo (present Tokyo) in March.
- 明治29年(1896年)、熊本県第五高等学校 (旧制)(熊本大学の前身)の英語教師に赴任後、親族の勧めもあり貴族院書記官長中根重一の長女夏目鏡子と結婚をするが、3年目に鏡子は慣れない環境と流産のためヒステリー症が激しくなり白川 (熊本県)井川淵に投身を図るなど順風満帆な夫婦生活とはいかなかった。
- In 1896, after becoming an English teacher at Kumamoto prefectural daigo kotogakko (predecessor of Kumamoto University), he married Kyoko, the oldest daughter of Juichi NAKANE, the Chief Secretary of the House of Peers, as recommended by his relatives, but his married life was not favorable; in the third year of their marriage, Kyoko suffered from such serious hysteria due to the environment she could not become accustomed to accompanied by a miscarriage that she attempted to drown herself in Ikawabuchi of Shirakawa river in Kumamoto.
- 室町幕府や戦国大名なども市場や道路などのいわゆる「アジール」的な場所での質取行為は禁止したものの、前述の地縁に関する認識の存在と慣習法としての一般認識の存在、他に債務者に対して債務返済への心理的圧力としてある程度までは有効性があったことから、規制は行われても禁止にまで踏み切った法は存在しなかった。
- While the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) banned Shichitorikoi in so-called sanctuary-like places such as markets and streets, there were only restrictions and was no law to ban the actions because Shichitorikoi was effective as the existence of the above-mentioned cognition of the group responsibility in a local community and the general cognition as a common law and mental pressure on the debtor to pay for his or her debt.
- また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件(1913年 - 1914年)以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行(総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの)を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
- The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.
- 日本国外では、手で握る作業を不潔なものと見なし職人が薄いゴム手袋やビニール手袋を嵌めることを求められている規則があるが、日本においては魚介を生食する料理の調理を素手で行うことは家庭でも行われているごく一般的な手法であるうえ、職人の微妙な手指の感覚を阻害するものであると見なされ、そのような習慣はない。
- In other countries, work done by hand is considered unsanitary, and there are regulations demanding sushi chefs wear thin rubber gloves or plastic gloves, but, Japan has no such custom because a method of preparing seafood eaten in fresh by hand is a very general method conducted even at home, and it is considered that rubber gloves or plastic gloves may dull a delicate sense of touch by chef's fingers.
- これにより、「諸国税法は旧慣による」旨定めた明治元年太政官布告(明治元年8月7日太政官布告第612号)以来、明治8年の雑税廃止(明治元年2月20日太政官布告第23号)・国税及び府県税の区分け(明治8年9月8日太政官布告第140号)を経て整理されてきた府県税・民費が、地方税として体系化されるに至った。
- This realized to systematize prefectural tax and residential tax, which had been organized via elimination of miscellaneous taxes (the 612nd Rule of Dajokan in September 22, 1868), classification of national tax and prefectural tax (the 23rd Rule of Dajokan in March 13, 1868) in 1875 starting from the edict of Dajokan (the 140th Rule of Dajokan in September 8, 1875) in 1868 which set that 'tax laws in various districts shall follow old practices,' as local tax.
- 律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。
- As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.
- 姿勢検知、誘導若しくは制御のための全地球的衛星航法装置若しくはデータベース参照航法装置(以下この条において「特定航法装置」という。)を内蔵しているハイブリッド慣性航法装置であって、ノーマルアライメント後における特定航法装置からのデータの喪失後の平均誤差半径が四分間につき一〇メートル未満のもの又はその部分品
- in which mean error radius after loss of data from a specific navigation system after normal alignment is less than 10 meters per four-minute period or components thereof
- 鉄火巻の名前の由来は、マグロの赤身が熱した鉄に似ているからという説、当時マグロを生で食べる習慣がなく、それをネタに使うことがとんでもないこと(まるで熱した鉄に触るようなもの)から「鉄火」と呼ばれるようになったという説や、昔、鉄火場(賭博場)で博打をしながら食べられる手軽な食事だったからだという説などがある。
- There are many explanations regarding the origin of the name, Tekkamaki, such that tuna's red flesh resembles red-hot iron, or it came to be called 'tekka' (iron fire) because, in those days, it was not the custom to eat raw tuna so using tuna flesh as an ingredient was a ridiculous thing (just like to touch hot iron), or, in old days, sushi was a kind of fast food which people could eat them while enjoying gambling at a tekkaba (gambling room).
- 国債・合邦・自主・戦利・特権・平時・民主・盟邦・野蛮・越権・海峡・各処・過大・慣行・管制・急行・強制・共用・協力・君権・現今・現在・合法・公約・誤解・国会・私権・実権・実務・首位・主権・上告・商事・聖書・専権・全国・戦時・戦前・船内・全廃・属地・奪回・直行・特約・突然・物件・砲弾・某国・例外・聯邦・権利etc。
- nation debt, annexation, independence, prize of war, special privilege, time of peace, democratic, allied power, barbarian, exceeding one's authority, strait, in every, excessive, traditional practice, system of government, express, compulsion, common, cooperation, right of ruler, present, present, lawful, pledge, misunderstanding, national assembly, private, real power, practical business affairs, first place, sovereignty, final appeal, business affairs, bible, exclusive prerogative, whole country, wartime, prewar, on boat, total abolition, appurtenant land, recapture, direct, special contract, sudden, article, cannonball, certain country, exception, federation, right etc.
- 当行は送金実行のために、日本および海外の関係各国の法令・制度・勧告・習慣、関係銀行所定の手続、または外国送金に用いられる伝達手段における要件等に従って、次の各号の情報のいずれか、または全てを支払指図に記載して関係銀行に伝達します。また、関係銀行からの求めに応じて、送金実行のために、情報を伝達する場合があります。
- When the applicant requests a remittance, the Bank will transmit all or some of the items below to the Banks Concerned in the remittance with the information on our payment orders, in compliance with Japanese and foreign laws, regulations, recommendations, customs, practices, or designated procedures of the Banks Concerned, as well as the requirements of the transmission method to be used for the remittance.
- 画家でもあった天明は画仙紙や矢立を常に持ち歩く習慣がありこの時も例外では無かったが、突然、額のあたりに「ピリッ」とした強い衝動と右手に非常な激痛を感じ(天明の言葉によれば、右腕に焼火箸を突っ込まれたような激痛だったという)、矢立と紙を取り出したところ自分の意思に反して猛烈な勢いで筆が走り意味不明の殴り書きをした。
- Tenmei usually brought drawing papers and a portable brush-and-ink case as a painter and when he felt a strong shock on his forehead and an acute pain in his right arm (he expressed it as if a burned metal chop stick was stuck in his right arm) and he took out his brush and a paper, the brush moved very fast automatically and scribbled unknown terms.
- 明治憲法下では軍の統帥権が天皇にあったが、編成権(部隊編成、予算編成など)に関しては国務大臣が補弼するのか。それとも、憲法に明記されていなかったが、慣習的に軍令については国務大臣が輔弼せず統帥部(陸軍:参謀総長。海軍:軍令部総長)が補弼することとなっていたことにより、その大権に含まれるのかどうかが大きな論点となっていた。
- Under the Meiji Constitution, the supreme command of the army belonged to the Emperor, but whether the organization rights (troop organization, budget organization, etc.) were assisted by the Minister of State or, although it was not described in the Constitution, or it was included in the supreme command, because the military orders were assisted traditionally not by the Minister of State but by the supreme command staff (the Chief of the Military General Staff, the President of the Naval General Staff) was the major point of the dispute.
- 直線加速度計であって、慣性航法装置用又は誘導装置用に使用するように設計したもののうち、スケールファクターの再現性が〇・一二五パーセント未満であって、バイアスの再現性が〇・〇一二二六三メートル毎秒毎秒未満のもの(ペイロードを三〇〇キロメートル以上運搬することができるロケット又は無人航空機に使用することができるものに限る。)
- Linear accelerometers designed for use in inertial navigation systems or guidance systems with scale factor reproducibility less than 0.125 % and bias reproducibility less than 0.012263 meters per second squared (limited to those usable in rockets or unmanned aerial vehicles capable of transporting payloads for 300 kilometers or more)
- また、『続日本後紀』承和 (日本)13年11月14日 (旧暦)(壬子/846年12月6日)条に引載されたいわゆる「善愷事件」(弁官伴善男が、弁官局で長年行われてきた慣例上の行政処理を僧尼令違反であるとして同僚弁官5名全員を告発した事件)における大判事讃岐永直・明法博士御輔長道・左大史川枯勝成による3通の勘文が知られている。
- Three kanmon written by daihanji (judge) SANUKI no Naganao, Myobo hakase 御輔長道 and Sadaishi (senior recorder of the left) 川枯勝成 in the so-called 'Zengai Jiken'(described in the article of December 6, 846 of 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued)), in which benkan Yoshio TOMONO accused all of his five fellow benkan of violating Soni ryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) in their customary public administration which had been implemented for many years, are well known.
- 前項において準用する第三十二条、第三十七条第三項又は第四十二条の規定により実演若しくはレコード又は放送若しくは有線放送に係る音若しくは影像(以下「実演等」と総称する。)を複製する場合において、その出所を明示する慣行があるときは、これらの複製の態様に応じ合理的と認められる方法及び程度により、その出所を明示しなければならない。
- Where reproduction is made of performances, phonograms, or sounds or images of broadcasts or wire-broadcasts (hereinafter collectively referred to as "performance, etc.") pursuant to the provisions of Article 32, Article 37, paragraph (3) or Article 42, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the source of the same must, where it is customary to indicate the source thereof, be clearly indicated in the manner and to the extent deemed reasonable in light of the character of the reproduction.
- また将軍家の正室は公家や宮家の娘を迎える事が慣例であるため、茂姫は家斉が将軍に就任する直前の天明7年(1787年)11月15日 (旧暦)に島津家と縁続きであった近衛家及び近衛経熙の養女となるために茂姫から寧姫と名を改め、経熙の娘として家斉に嫁ぐ際、名を再び改めて「近衛寔子(このえただこ)」として結婚することとなったのである。
- It was a tradition and customary for a lawful wife of shogun to be selected from daughters of Kuge (a court noble) and Miyake (families allowed to have the status of Imperial family), so Shigehime changed her name to Yasuhime in order to be an adopted child of Tsunehiro KONOE who was related to Shimazu family just prior to Ienari became shogun on November 15, 1787 and married Ienari with yet again changed her name to Tadako KONOE.
- 昭和21年(1946年)10月から昭和25年(1950年)12月まで、昭和天皇の「西洋の思想と習慣を学ぶ」という方針に従い、アメリカ合衆国の著名な児童文学者にしてクエーカー教徒のエリザベス・ヴァイニング(日本では「ヴァイニング夫人」として知られている。enElizabeth_Gray_Vining)が家庭教師として就き、その薫陶を受ける。
- Following the policy of the Emperor Showa, 'Learn the thought and custom of the West,' he studied from October 1946 to December 1950 under a Quaker enElizabeth_Gray_Vining, a famous juvenile literary person in the U.S. (in Japan, she was known as 'Mrs. Vining'), who was invited as a tutor.
- 厚生労働大臣は、労働者派遣事業に係るこの法律の規定の運用に当たつては、労働者の職業生活の全期間にわたるその能力の有効な発揮及びその雇用の安定に資すると認められる雇用慣行を考慮するとともに、労働者派遣事業による労働力の需給の調整が職業安定法に定める他の労働力の需給の調整に関する制度に基づくものとの調和の下に行われるように配慮しなければならない。
- In applying the provisions of this Act pertaining to Worker Dispatching Undertakings, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall take into consideration employment practices which are considered to contribute to the effective realization of the capacities of workers and the stability of their employment throughout their working lives, and, at the same time, shall give consideration so that the adjustment of labor demand and supply by means of Worker Dispatching Undertakings may be in harmony with the adjustment of labor demand and supply under the other systems specified in the Employment Security Act.
- この時期、九州では依然として激戦が続いており、更に1,800万発の調達が必要と見積もられていたこともあって、大量の弾薬在庫が残されていたツンナール銃を九州に送る案が検討され、実際に和歌山(旧紀州藩)の臨時召集部隊は藩兵時代から使い慣れたツンナール銃装備のまま九州へ派遣されたほか、大阪鎮台の医歩兵など後方部隊もツンナール銃を装備して派遣されていた。
- As fierce battles were still fought in Kyushu in this period, the Army Ministry estimated further 18 million rounds of ammunition would be needed and examined a plan of sending Zundnadel guns to Kyushu because it had a great deal of stockpiles of ammunition for the gun; in fact, an emergency call-up troop in Wakayama (former Kishu Domain) was dispatched to Kyushu armed with Zundnadel gun, which they had used when they served for the domain, and a rear unit including medical soldiers in Osaka Garrison were also armed with Zundnadel guns and dispatched.
- 更に京都の町は江戸幕府以前からの様々な法令・慣習などが定められており、奉行所の与力・同心がこれらを把握する事が困難となっていたために、彼らからの諮問を受けた町代が先例などに基づいて回答を行う事も町代の重要な職務となるなど、奉行所の職務・運営を円滑化に必要な事務業務の代行が町代に委任されるようになって、町奉行の組織維持のための一端を担うようになっていった。
- As ordinance and convention had been established in the towns in Kyoto before the Edo period, which ranged too wide for police sergeants and constables to comprehend, it became also an important duty for Machidai to answer the questions from the police sergeants and constables based on the precedents--As such, Machidai became authorized to act as a proxy in execution of secretarial works necessary for facilitating the duties and operations of the Kyoto city magistrates' office, thereby contributed to keep organization of the city magistrates' office.
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- この法律の施行の際、ウラン鉱若しくはトリウム鉱を掘採している者又は ウラン鉱若しくはトリウム鉱を目的とする土地の使用に関する権利を有している者から契約又は慣習により代償を受けている土地の所有者は、附則第三条、第四 条又は第六条第一項の規定により鉱業権の設定の出願をし、その設定の登録を得た者に対して、ウラン鉱又はトリウム鉱の掘採について相当の補償金を請求する ことができる。
- A landowner, who receives by contract or by practice compensation from those who mine uranium ore or thorium ore or those who have the right of use of land for uranium ore or thorium ore, may demand those who file an application for creation of mining right pursuant to the provision of Article 3 or 4 or paragraph (1) of Article 6 of Supplementary Provisions and obtain the creation to pay reasonable compensation for mining of uranium ore or thorium ore.
- 捕虜収容所長は、捕虜収容所の適正な管理運営を図り、被収容者(抑留令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている捕虜、衛生要員、宗教要員、区別義務違反者、間諜及び傭兵並びに仮収容令書により捕虜収容所に収容されている者(以下「仮収容者」という。)をいう。以下同じ。)の人権を尊重しつつ、被収容者の抑留資格、階級等、性別及び年齢、その属する国における風俗慣習及び生活様式等に応じた適切な処遇を行うものとする。
- The prisoner of war camp commander shall appropriately manage and administrate operations of the prisoner of war camp, and with respecting human right, conduct appropriate treatment of the detainees (i.e. prisoners of war, medical personnel, chaplains, violators of distinct duties, spies and mercenaries who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written internment order and those who are detained in the prisoners of war camp pursuant to a written provisional detention order (hereinafter referred to as "provisional detainee". The same shall apply hereinafter) in accordance with internment status, ranks, etc., sex and age of the detainees, and manners, customs and the way of their life in the countries to which they belong.
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- 後世においては製造に高度な技術を必要として製造経費もかかる白紙ではなく、低廉で非常時の綸旨発給に備えやすい中古紙からの再生紙である薄墨紙(宿紙/漉返紙)が用紙として用いられるようになり、後に綸旨には薄墨紙用いる事を書式とする慣例が成立したために、薄墨紙を「綸旨紙」、綸旨自体を「薄墨綸旨」と呼ぶ例も見られるようになった(ただし、天皇から蔵人頭・蔵人以外の官人(弁官など)に対して作成・発給が命じられた場合には薄墨紙は用いられていない)。
- In the later age, usuzumi gami (gray paper) (shukushi (recycled paper) or sukigaeshi gami (paper made from dissolved paper), recycled paper made from used paper, which was inexpensive and easy to be stocked for urgent issuance of rinji, came to be used instead of white paper whose manufacturing cost was expensive because an advanced technique was required for manufacturing, and thereafter it became a custom to use usuzumi gami for rinji as a documentary format; therefore, in some cases, usuzumi gami was called 'rinji gami' (rinji paper), and rinji itself was called 'usuzumi rinji' (however, usuzumi gami was not used for rinji which was created and issued by the Emperor to government officials (esp. low to medium rank) (such as benkan, etc.) other than Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and Kurodo).
- 事業主は、前項の規定にかかわらず、職務内容同一短時間労働者(通常の労働者と同視すべき短時間労働者を除く。次条第一項において同じ。)であって、当該事業所における慣行その他の事情からみて、当該事業主に雇用される期間のうちの少なくとも一定の期間において、その職務の内容及び配置が当該通常の労働者の職務の内容及び配置の変更の範囲と同一の範囲で変更されると見込まれるものについては、当該変更が行われる期間においては、通常の労働者と同一の方法により賃金を決定するように努めるものとする。
- Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, with regard to a Part-Time Worker with Equal Job Description (excluding Part-Time Workers Equivalent to Ordinary Workers; the same shall apply in paragraph 1 of the following Article) whose Job Description and assignment are likely to be change within the same range as the Job Description and assignment of said ordinary workers, in light of the practices at said place of business and other circumstances, at least during a specific period of time that is a part of the period of the employment by said business operator, he/she shall endeavor to decide wages for said Part-Time Worker, during the period for such change is expected, by the same method as applied to said ordinary workers.
- ただ、皇族・公家出身の将軍近辺のみ陰陽道に熱心なのであって、実権を持っていた執権の北条一族は必ずしも陰陽道にこだわりを持っておらず、配下のいわゆる関東八平氏から全国の地域地盤に由来する後に「国人」と呼ばれるようになった武士層に至るまで、朝廷代々の格式を意識したり陰陽師に行動規範を諮る習慣はなかったため、総じて陰陽師は武家社会全般を蹂躙するような精神的影響力を持つことはなく、もっぱら傀儡である皇族・公家出身将軍と、実権を失った朝廷や公卿・公家世界においてのみ、その存在感を示すにとどまった。
- However, only those close to the shogun who came from the Royal Family or the court noble class were devoted to Onmyodo, whereas, the Regent Hojo clan was indifferent and, from Bando hachi Heishi (the Taira clan in Eastern Japan) to the class of warriors originating from all regions throughout the country who later became known as 'kokujin' (people of the country) serving under the Hojo clan were not interested in prestige of the Imperial Court nor were they in the habit of consulting onmyoji on the code of conduct, onmyoji never acquired the power of spiritual influence to trample on the entire samurai class, limiting their visibility to within the powerless Imperial Court as well as the world of kugyo and court nobles.
- 天皇という呼称は律令制(「儀制令」)に規定があり、祭祀においては「天子」、詔書には「天皇」、華夷においては(国内外にむけては)「皇帝」、臣下がすぐそばから呼びかける時には「陛下」、皇太子など後継者に譲位した場合は「太上天皇(だいじょうてんのう)」、外出時には「乗輿」、行幸時には「車駕」という7つの呼び方が定められているがこれらはあくまで書記(表記)に用いられるもので、どう書いてあっても読みは風俗(当時の習慣)に従って「すめみまのみこと」や「すめらみこと」等と称するとある(特に祭祀における「天子」は「すめみまのみこと」と読んだ)。
- A regulation in the ritsuryo codes ('Gisei-ryo,' or the regulation of ceremonies code) regarding the title to be used for the Tenno states that the Emperor should be called 'Sumemimanomikoto,' 'Sumeramikoto,' or another such title in accordance with the customs of that time; this was despite the fact that there were already seven ways of addressing the Emperor—'Tenshi' at ceremonies, 'Tenno' in Shosho (imperial edicts or decrees), 'Kotei' in relations with China (domestic and diplomatic), 'Heika' when addressed by vassals in close proximity, 'Daijo-Tenno' when retired, 'Joyo' when going out, and 'Shaga' when traveling—because these names are only used in writing ('Tenshi' attending ceremonies in particular were addressed as 'Sumemimanomikoto').
- 第二条第一項第一号、第二号、第十三号及び第十五号に掲げる不正競争 商品若しくは営業の普通名称(ぶどうを原料又は材料とする物の原産地の名称であって、普通名称となったものを除く。)若しくは同一若しくは類似の商品若しくは営業について慣用されている商品等表示(以下「普通名称等」と総称する。)を普通に用いられる方法で使用し、若しくは表示をし、又は普通名称等を普通に用いられる方法で使用し、若しくは表示をした商品を譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引渡しのために展示し、輸出し、輸入し、若しくは電気通信回線を通じて提供する行為(同項第十三号及び第十五号に掲げる不正競争の場合にあっては、普通名称等を普通に用いられる方法で表示をし、又は使用して役務を提供する行為を含む。)
- unfair competition set forth in Article 2, paragraph (1), items (i), (ii), (xiii) and (xv) an act of using or indicating in a normally used manner a common name for goods or business (excluding the name of a place of origin of goods made from grapes or using grapes, which has become a common name) or an indication of goods, etc. that is commonly used for identical or similar goods or business (hereinafter collectively referred to as a 'common name, etc.'), or an act of assigning, delivering, displaying for the purpose of assignment or delivery, exporting, importing or providing through a telecommunications line, goods using or indicating a common name, etc. in a normally used manner (including an act of providing services indicating or using a common name, etc. in a normally used manner, in the case of unfair competition set forth in items (xiii) and (xv) of the same paragraph);
- 事業主は、業務の内容及び当該業務に伴う責任の程度(以下「職務の内容」という。)が当該事業所に雇用される通常の労働者と同一の短時間労働者(以下「職務内容同一短時間労働者」という。)であって、当該事業主と期間の定めのない労働契約を締結しているもののうち、当該事業所における慣行その他の事情からみて、当該事業主との雇用関係が終了するまでの全期間において、その職務の内容及び配置が当該通常の労働者の職務の内容及び配置の変更の範囲と同一の範囲で変更されると見込まれるもの(以下「通常の労働者と同視すべき短時間労働者」という。)については、短時間労働者であることを理由として、賃金の決定、教育訓練の実施、福利厚生施設の利用その他の待遇について、差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- With regard to a Part-Time Worker for whom the description of his/her work and the level of responsibilities associated with said work (hereinafter referred to as "Job Description") are equal to those of ordinary workers employed at the referenced place of business (hereinafter referred to as "Part-Time Worker with Equal Job Description") and who has concluded a labor contract without a definite period with a business operator, and whose Job Description and assignment are likely to be changed within the same range as the Job Description and assignment of said ordinary workers, in light of the practices at said place of business and other circumstances, throughout the entire period until the termination of the employment relationship with said business operator (hereinafter referred to as "Part-Time Worker Equivalent to Ordinary Workers"), the business operator shall not engage in discriminatory treatment in terms of the decision of wages, the implementation of education and training, the utilization of welfare facilities and other treatments for workers by reason of being a Part-Time Worker.