意: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- (大意)
- (the gist)
- (Synopsis)
- ある意味で
- in a sense
- in some way
- to an extent
- in a manner
- 成立と意義
- The establishment and the meaning of Chiten
- 隈取の意味
- Definition of Kumadori
- 怒る意休。
- Ikyu is infuriated.
- 黄砂注意報
- Information about precaution for kosa
- 事件の意義
- Meaning of the incident
- Significance of the affair
- 意義・評価
- Significance and assessment
- 法律上の意味
- Meanings from a legal standpoint
- 歴史上の意味
- Meanings in a historical context
- 皇室批判派の意見
- Views of the Anti-imperial Family
- View of the Anti-Imperial Family
- 鉄火の意味の分類
- Categorization of the meanings of Tekka
- 皇室擁護派の意見
- Views of the Supporters of the Imperial Family
- 主な対立する意見
- Major conflicting views
- 法名は、如意宝院。
- His posthumous Buddhist name is Nyoihouin.
- 武士道と近代の意識
- Bushido and the modern awareness
- 聖蹟は行幸の地の意。
- Seiseki means the place of Gyoko.
- 意休は説教を続ける。
- Ikyu still keeps reviling.
- 火花の意味からの派生
- Those that are derived from the meaning, 'sparks.'
- 「羽織芸者」の心意気
- Spirit of 'Haori Geisha'
- 短所ならびに批判的意見
- Disadvantages and adverse opinions
- 長所ならびに賛同的意見
- Advantages and approving opinions
- Advantages and affirmative opinions
- 何か意味があるようだ。
- Is there something?
- 転じて役所を意味する。
- The meaning of the word changed to mean the government office.
- このため天竺行きを決意。
- Due to this situation, he decided to go to Tenjiku (India).
- 「刺す」の偏も同じ意味。
- The hen of '刺す'(sasu, sting) has the same meaning.
- 舞台には再び意休が登場。
- Ikyu enters the stage again.
- 父祖のお蔭で叙位するの意。
- It meant to receive a rank owing to their forefathers.
- It literally means the conferment of the court rank owing to one's ancestors.
- 国衙は令制国の役所の意味。
- 'Kokuga' means the administrative institutions in ryoseikoku (provinces).
- 田堵の堵は、垣を意味する。
- The Chinese character '堵' included in '田堵' means a fence.
- 比古意須王(ひこおすのみこ)
- Hikoosu no Miko
- いわゆる「率意」の書である。
- So-called 'Sotsui' no sho (the handwriting which was written without any intentional purpose).
- いずれも「吸う」の意である。
- Both of them mean 'suck in.'
- そして助六は意休に詰め寄る。
- Then, Sukeroku gets closer to Ikyu.
- 意休はそれをじっと見ている。
- Ikyu watches that.
- 赤く焼けた鉄の意味からの派生
- Those that are derived from the meaning, 'red hot iron.'
- 黄砂予報、注意情報(3段階)
- Kosa forecasts and precaution-requiring information (using three stages)
- (阡陌は南北・東西の道の意)
- ('Senpaku' refers to roads that run north-south and east-west.)
- 武芸に秀で、薙刀を得意とする。
- She was skilled in martial arts and naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword).
- 注意:時間は5月~8月の標準。
- Note: The time without any marks is a standard timetable from May to August.
- 義理は躊躇するが遂に同意した。
- Yoshimasa hesitated, but he finally agreed.
- 本来は、中世と同じ意味である。
- Chuko carries the same meaning as the 'Middle Ages.'
- 法師は意を決し橋を渡ろうとする。
- The priest makes up his mind and begins to cross the bridge.
- 最後に武士として死ぬ意味である。
- The above implies that he finally dies as a samurai.
- 意休が三浦屋から再度姿を現した。
- Ikyu comes out of the Miuraya brothel again.
- 意休は動ぜず、反対に説教をする。
- Ikyu pretends to be unperturbed by that and begins preaching to Sukeroku.
- 意休の刀は確かに友切丸であった。
- The sword is certainly the Tomokirimaru.
- 意休はそのまま三浦屋にひっこむ。
- Ikyu enters Miuraya after that.
- 且元は屋敷を立ち退くことを決意。
- Katsumoto decided to leave the residence.
- 「意気」と「張り」を看板にした。
- Their selling points were 'enthusiasm' and 'pride.'
- 善管注意義務(b商法第644条)
- Due care of a prudent manager (Article 644 of the commercial code)
- 王相死囚老から剋がある場合の象意
- Symbolism of koku derived from Ososhishuro
- 一般的には以下の意味で用いられる。
- A ritual day generally refers to one of the following.
- 米調理米を用意し、具と共に器に盛る
- Prepare cooking rice and ingredients and put them in the pot.
- 「こちらは意地の悪そうな顔つき。」
- And you are wicked and ill natured.'
- 融米造りへの誤解に基づく批判的意見
- Negative opinions based on the misunderstanding of the yumai-zukuri method
- すてっぺんとは「最初から」の意味。
- Suteppen means 'from the beginning.'
- 「楽」は英語のfreeを意味する。
- In this context, 'raku' means 'free.'
- 注目すべき三十六種類の卦とその象意
- 36 notable kinds of ke (divination signs) and their symbolism
- 当日の日記にも、強い決意が記された。
- He also wrote his strong resolution in his diary of that day.
- 立ち回りがあって、助六は意休を切る。
- After a fight, Sukeroku kills Ikyu.
- その名は「野の精霊(野つ霊)」の意。
- Its name means 'field's spirit' ('no野' means 'field;' 'zuづ' and 'tsuつ' mean 'of;' 'chi霊' means 'spirit' or 'ghost').
- それでも意休は動ぜず、刀を抜かない。
- Yet, Ikyu does not draw his sword.
- 揚巻は反撃して、意休本人を面罵する。
- In response, Agemaki reviles Ikyu.
- 決意を固めた武時は、国春を槍で刺す。
- Taketoki, who made his decision, pierced Kuniharu with a spear.
- - 黄砂問題に関する合意形成も行う。
- Consensuses about kosa problems have been built there as well.
- 中世には仏教的な歴史意識が広まった。
- During the medieval period, history became widely understood based upon Buddhism.
- (吉備津彦とは「吉備の勢力者」の意味)
- (Kibitsuhiko means 'powerful man of Kibi')
- 髭の意休と傾城白玉らが花道より現れる。
- Magnificent beard Ikyu and a courtesan Shiratama enter the hanamichi.
- 情け深い石堂に比べ、薬師寺は意地が悪い。
- ISHIDO is merciful while YAKUSHIJI is spiteful.
- 今は中村又五郎 (2代目)が得意とする。
- Today, this role is a specialty of Matagoro NAKAMURA (the second).
- 桜丸は、事件の責任をとるべく自害を決意。
- Sakuramaru decides to commit suicide in order to take a responsibility of the incident.
- その内容を元に宮司が神意を伺うのである。
- On the base of the contents of what he or she recorded, the providence is sought by the Guji (chief of those who serve a shrine, control festivals and general affairs).
- 実は意休は初めからこのことを知っていた。
- Ikyu knew that Sukeroku is really SOGA no Goro Tokimune from the beginning, indeed.
- 水揚げ(みずあげ)には以下の意味がある。
- Mizuage has the following meanings.
- 纏は各組により様々な意匠が凝らしてある。
- Design of Matoi is elaborated by each brigade in various ways.
- このことからも後水尾の強い意志が伺われる。
- Due to this there is a strong intention shown from Emperor Gomizunoo.
- そのため、陵墓の実在を疑う意見も見られる。
- Hence the actual existence of the Imperial Mausoleum is doubted by some.
- 今日「御曹司」には主に二通りの意味がある。
- Today, 'Onzoshi' mainly has two meanings.
- 「令宗」は「律令の宗師」という意味である。
- Yoshimune' means 'the respective authority of the Ritsuryo codes.'
- そのことから神事としての祓い清めを意味する。
- From this meaning, it came to mean the exorcisation and purification as a Shinto ritual.
- 和ぎ・凪・薙ぎと表記したときの意味合いの別。
- The differences of meaning when nagi is described as '和, 凪, 薙ぎ.'
- 容器を用意し、持ち帰りも可能な寿司店もある。
- If customers bring a container, some restaurants can put sushis in it and the customers can take it back home.
- 筆子というのは、寺子屋で教わった教え子の意。
- Fudeko refers to the students at Terakoya.
- しかし、興福寺は謀反に同意した罪は軽くない。
- But Kofuku-ji temple's blame for their willful rebellion is heavy indeed.
- 父清盛の意思で、高倉天皇に入内して皇子を産む。
- Due to her father's intention, she made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into the court for Emperor Takakura, and gave birth to the Prince.
- 話した通りに文章として書くという意味ではない。
- It didn't mean writing Japanese sentences as spoken.
- つまり「問注所」とは問注を行う場所を意味する。
- Therefore the 'Monchujo' refers to a place where the monchu took place.
- 朝廷はこの意見を容れて3月、征夷の軍を解いた。
- The Imperial Court accepted his opinion and disbanded the forces against the Emishi in March.
- 宮号や称号が表記されないことに注意が必要である。
- It should be noted that the reigning names or titles are not displayed.*The order is as it would appear in Japanese, the example is the English version.
- 数寄者よりさらに数寄に傾いた者と言う意味である。
- Kabuki-mono means the people who are more eccentric than suki-sha.
- それから時間が経って、意休が三浦屋から出てくる。
- After a while, Ikyu comes out of Miuraya.
- 世界最古に属する面としてその歴史的意義は大きい。
- They are historically significant as one of the oldest masks in the world.
- なんと、自分の下駄を脱いで意休の頭の上に乗せた!
- Sukeroku removes his clog and puts it on Ikyu's head!
- 一瞬だけ意休が刀を抜いたときにその刀の銘を見た。
- Sukeroku saw in an instant the signature on the sword when Ikyu drew his sword.
- だが、横に打ち払う(薙ぎ払う)という意味もあり。
- And it also has a meaning of slashing something off horizontally.
- これを見た源五兵衛に猛然と殺意の炎が燃え上がる。
- When he sees the tattoo, a wild desire to kill her comes over him.
- 格付けをするための形式的な呼称の意味合いが強い。
- Therefore, such 'Imperial posts' were rather very nominal ones used for the purpose of ranking.
- 諸勢力は軍備の整備・維持・向上に意を払っていた。
- Such powers gave attention to preparation, maintenance, and improvement of armaments.
- 「饗え」は食べ物でもてなすという意味の古語である。
- Ae' is an ancient word that means to offer hospitality with food.
- 「ミケイリ」は「食物に神霊が入る」の意と解される。
- In this way, 'Mikeiri' can be interpreted as '食物に神霊が入る''the spirit entering into the food.'
- 着物の隆盛は大坂町人の財力と美意識がささえていた。
- The prosperity of kimono was supported by the financial power and aesthetic sense of the townspeople of Kamigata.
- そして意休は説教をし、扇で助六をしたたか殴打する。
- Then, Ikyu reviled Sukeroku and beats Sukeroku with a fan.
- 「楽」とは規制が緩和されて自由な状態となった意味。
- The character 'raku' (happiness) signifies the loosening of regulations and a state of freedom.
- 幾分か名誉的な意味は持ち、家柄を誇る風潮も残った。
- They had somewhat honorable implications, and there also remained a tendency for pride in family lineage.
- 歌合に対する、文芸としての意識が高まったのである。
- It was because the awareness of Utaawase as an art and literature was gaining ground.
- 寛政の噂が広まり、夷俘の敵意が和らいだためである。
- This was because the rumor of the kansei (sympathetic policies) had spread and thus reduced the Ifu's hostility.
- 主に、広く一般に天皇の意思を伝えるために用いられた。
- Mainly, it was widely and commonly used to convey the emperor's intention.
- もとは中国語で、中国でも同様の意味に用いられていた。
- It was originally a Chinese word and had the same meaning in China.
- その後、天皇の意向を受け宮内庁が病名を公式発表した。
- Afterward, the Imperial Household Agency officially announced the name of a disease following the Emperor's wish.
- 生まれながらにして明達にして、強い意志を持っていた。
- He was born with wisdom and strong will.
- 怪しまれないように気をつけよと一同に注意をうながす。
- He cautions his colleagues against being suspected.
- 意味のあるものとしては、和ぎ・凪・薙ぎとも表記する。
- As meaningful descriptions, nagi is also described as '和ぎ, 凪, 薙ぎ.'
- 知識人においては個人主義・理想主義が強く意識された。
- Individualism and idealism won attention among the educated people.
- 龍神の灯す火の意味で龍燈と呼ばれ、神聖視されている。
- It is called ryuto in the sense of the fire put on by dragon god and deified.
- 気象注意報・警報などと同様に、地域ごとに発令される。
- The warning is issued for each area necessary, as for information about precaution-needing weather and warning for weather.
- この屈辱と恥辱が、頼政・仲綱父子に謀反を決意させた。
- According to this account, it was the insult and disgrace of this episode which prompted both father and son, Yorimasa and Nakatsuna, to decide to rebel against the government.
- 中世以後の蝦夷は、アイヌを指すとの意見が主流である。
- The mainstream theories say that 'Ezo' after the Medieval period means 'Ainu.'
- 生産者である百姓の逃散は、生産活動の減退を意味する。
- Since peasants were farm producers, their chosan led to a decrease in production activities.
- 「中宮」という言葉の本来の意味は「皇后の住居」である。
- The meaning of the term 'chugu' is a 'residence of an empress'.
- 意富(おう)は意宇、於宇、大、太、多と古書に登場する。
- Additionally, O (意富) appears in different written characters in ancient books, such as; O (意宇), O (於宇), O (大), O (太) and O (多).
- 兄白河上皇や後見の陽明門院の意向であろうとも言われる。
- It is also said that the marriage was intention of her brother, the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, and her guardian, Yomeimonin.
- (天皇機関説ではしばしば専制を含む意味で主張された。)
- (In the Emperor Organ Theory, it was often claimed to have been including autocracy.)
- 本来符丁は客がつかうべきものではないため注意を要する。
- Essentially, these jargons should not be used by customers.
- いずれも淀君が登場する演目で、五代目が得意としたもの。
- All the programs contained in the selection are the ones featuring Yodogimi, and were best performed by Utaemon the fifth.
- 氏清もこれに同意して一挙に京へ攻め上ることを決意する。
- Ujikiyo agreed to this, and he decided to attack Kyoto in one sweep.
- これは倭国を中国と別個の天下とする意識の現れとされる。
- This is said to indicate that they were aware that both Wa and China was separate sovereign states.
- 「伺候する」「従う」を意味する「さぶらう」に由来する。
- It is derived from 'saburau', which means 'to attend' or 'to follow'.
- (ちなみに「四郎次郎」は「四郎の次男」の意味である。)
- (In fact, 'Shirojiro' means 'the second son of Shiro.')
- また、「逝きて帰らぬ天皇」の意味があるともいわれている。
- Also, it is said to have a meaning of 'the Emperor who passed away and never returns'.
- 娘の恋のためわが身を犠牲にする本蔵の真意を見ぬいていた。
- He saw through Honzo's real intention of sacrificing himself for the sake of his daughter's love.
- 当時の“日本人の心意気”を今に伝えるのが「根付」である。
- It is 'netsuke' which has handed down the 'spirit of true-born Japanese' at that time till now.
- その意味では左團次の源五兵衛の演技の巧さは無類であった。
- From this perspective, Sadanji was superb in playing the role of Gengobei.
- しかし、民衆の間では鐚銭を忌避する意識は根強く残存した。
- But there a deep-rooted consciousness existed among common people to avoid bitasen.
- 慶長10年(1605年)聖護院宮興意入道親王の附弟となる。
- In 1605, he became a disciple of Shogoinnomiya priest-Imperial Prince Koi.
- 困惑した幕府は姞子に後嵯峨院の真意について質すこととした。
- The confused Bakufu decided to inquire to Kitsushi as to the true will of the Emperor Gosaga.
- また、手先が非常に器用な女性であり、特に押絵を得意とした。
- She was also clever with her hands, especially good at making a raised cloth pictures.
- もともとは中国で皇帝の意思表示を勅と呼んだことに由来する。
- The term Chokugo originated from the fact that the expression of Emperor's intention (imperial decree) had been called Choku (written as '勅' in Chinese) in China.
- 意富富杼王の弟にあたる息長沙禰王の子であるとの文献もある。
- Additionally, there were others documents which indicated Prince Okinaga no Mate to be the son of Okinaga no Sane no Miko who was a younger brother of Prince Ohodo.
- 軍部からも要請があったが、昭和天皇の意向で任官していない。
- Therefore, he was requested to join the Guards Division by the military, but the Emperor Showa refused to appoint him.
- 譲位は、君主の意思の表現、とみなすことができる場合がある。
- Abdication of the throne may be considered as representation of the intension of a monarch.
- 貞明皇后から香淳皇后に注意は女官長を通じて行なわれていた。
- The Empress Teimei gave her advice to the Empress Kojun through her chief court lady.
- だから、食後に運転する予定がある場合は注意する必要がある。
- Therefore, caution is required if you are going to drive after eating narazuke.
- 片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)がその意味で最高の演技を見せた。
- Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth) showed the best performance in that sense.
- 近年は市川段四郎 (4代目)、坂東彌十郎が得意としている。
- Danshiro ICHIKAWA (the fourth) and Yajuro BANDO are good at it recently.
- やはり、町火消しの意地から命がけの喧嘩を決意していたのだ。
- Apparently, he had been determined to quarrel at the risk of his life to satisfy his pride as a fireman.
- そうした意味で、荘園が現代に復活しつつあると言えるだろう。
- In this sense, the shoen is said to be reviving in modern times.
- この時代に「住人」というのはその地の開発領主の意味である。
- The term, 'junin,' at that time was defined as the kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land) who developed that area.
- その場合でも、同族的な意識が党としての結合の基礎をなした。
- Even in such case, being aware of the same clan became the basis for unification.
- ここに至り、勧農権は現地の実効支配を意味するようになった。
- At this stage, the right of kanno meant the practical governance over local regions.
- 綸旨(りんじ)とは、蔵人が天皇の意を受けて発給する命令文書。
- Rinji meant a document of decree issued by Kurodo (Chamberlain) in response to the Emperor's intention.
- 「ミケヌ」の「ミケ」は食物の意、「ヌ」は「主」の意とされる。
- In his name 'Mikenu,' 'mike' is said to mean the food, and 'nu' is said to mean '主''Dominus.'
- この意味での主権に関しては、現代でも国家主権説が通説である。
- Even in our time, the state sovereignty theory is a popular theory in terms of sovereign power in this means.
- またシテが業平をまねて舞う事に関して、次のような意見がある。
- The following opinion has been presented regarding the Shite dancing in imitation of Narihira.
- あまりの様子に堪りかねた八右衛門は涙ながらに主人に意見する。
- Being unable to bear seeing his master in the descendent, Hachiemon reproves him in tears.
- そのため、武装勢力の蜂起の意味合いを強く想起する向きもある。
- Accordingly, some people strongly associate ikki with the uprising of an armed group.
- その後、更に転じて所領からの収益管理を意味するようになった。
- By further extension, the word came to refer to the management of proceeds from shoryo.
- また、将軍の娘を正室に迎えた場合は全く別の呼称が用意された。
- Furthermore, in the case of a daughter of the Shogun becoming a legal wife, a completely different naming was arranged.
- 「御料車」の「御料」とは、高貴な人の所有物・利用物の意である。
- Goryo' means the belongings of a noble person.
- また、饗は新殻を意味する贄(にえ)の転じたものという説もある。
- There is another opinion that ae was turned from nie that means new grains.
- また、清和源氏を称する徳川氏の上に立つという意志も見て取れる。
- Also, there was an indication that the Emperor meant to be in a higher position than the Tokugawa clan, who called themselves the Minamoto clan, which originated from Emperor Seiwa.
- 即位には父の後嵯峨天皇や、生母の大宮院の意向があったとされる。
- His father, Emperor Gosaga and his birth mother, Omiyain intended for him to be enthroned as Emperor.
- これも広い意味での「皇籍復帰」に分類して論じられることが多い。
- This example is classified as 'secession (of a prince) from the Imperial Family' in large scale and this issue is often discussed.
- 「『代』は本来、時間的概念だが、転じて『国』を表す意味もある。
- 'Yo' of Kimigayo originally represented only times or eras, but now, in addition to that, it also represents 'the State'.
- また、うなぎ蒲焼のように江戸風、東京風とした意味でも使われる。
- Furthermore, as in the case of unagi kabayaki (the eel that has been steamed, broiled, and seasoned with a slightly thick, slightly sweet sauce), Edomae also meant Edo-style or Tokyo-style.
- 幽霊・妖怪・怪物は、お化けと同意としても使用される語句である。
- Yurei, yokai and kaibutsu (monster) are sometimes used to express the same meaning as obake.
- 密閉できない容器の場合は雑菌が入ると腐敗するため注意を要する。
- Caution should be exercised for unclosed containers because it will go off when bacteria enters it.
- 複数のエピソードを無意味に連ねるもので、よくない見本とされる。
- It usually refers to a bad composition formed of several meaningless episodes like a kushi-dango formed of the same dango.
- 『膝栗毛』とは、自分の膝を馬の代わりに使う徒歩旅行の意である。
- 'Hizakurige' means foot travelers who use their own legs instead of horses.
- 意休は新人の遊女のことを話題にし、こんどあの娘を買おうという。
- Ikyu mentions a new prostitute and says he will hire her.
- 團十郎は「饗応」が、團蔵は「愛宕山」がそれぞれ不得意であった。
- Danjuro was not good at 'The banquet,' and Danzo was not good at 'Mt. Atago.'
- 前述したとおり、本宣旨の意義をめぐってその評価は分かれている。
- As mentioned above, assessments of the significance of this decree are divided.
- つまりは平の人ということを意味し、平家血縁者であることを示す。
- In other words, '伻' means persons of Taira and/or the relatives of the Taira family.
- 延喜13年、鷹狩に出た際に、不意に塹壕の泥沼の中に転落して溺死。
- In 913, he fell into mire, was entrenched and drowned while practicing falconry.
- この時に高倉と清盛の娘・平徳子の婚姻が合意に達したと推測される。
- It is presumed that the marriage between Emperor Takakura and Kiyomori's daughter, TAIRA no Tokuko, was agreed upon at this time.
- 後嵯峨天皇の意志により文永五年(1268年)生後8ヶ月で立太子。
- He became Crown Prince in 1268 when he was eight months old with the intention of Emperor Gosaga.
- また、水野祐・白崎昭一郎は継体の没年については平子説に同意する。
- Also, Yu MIZUNO and Shoichiro SHIRASAKI agreed on Hirako's theory about the year that Emperor Keitai passed away.
- (これについては藤原不比等が入れ知恵したのだとする意見もある。)
- (Some say that FUJIWARA no Fuhito suggested this idea to Kado no okimi.)
- 祖父・市川猿翁が創作し、得意とした舞踊劇を十番選んだものである。
- Ten dance dramas which were created and performed best by his grandfather, Eno ICHIKAWA, were selected.
- 狩野派や琳派など日本の伝統的美意識や技法を引き継いだ画家を呼ぶ。
- It refers to painters who succeed Japanese traditional sense of beauty and technique of Kano school or Rinpa school.
- 「意休さんと助六さんを並べて見るときは、こちらは立派な男振り。」
- When I compare you with Sukeroku, he is a handsome strong man.'
- 泥棒男と一緒になって不幸になるつもりか、と意休は揚巻に言い放つ。
- Ikyu upbraided Agemaki 'Are you going to be the lover of such a man and lead a miserable life?'
- (本宣旨に対する評価の詳細については、後述意義・評価節を参照)。
- (See the section of significance and assessment below for the details of significance and assessment for this decree.)
- 「妣」の文字は母という意味であるため、「先帝」は醍醐天皇である。
- Because the character '妣' indicates a mother, the former emperor was Emperor Daigo.
- このことから、天皇の称号の成立をこの7世紀初頭に求める意見もある。
- From this fact, there are some opinions establishing the title of Emperor at the beginning of the 7th century.
- 滋子は自戒の意を込めて「女はただ心から、ともかくもなるべき物なり。
- Shigeko said the following about self discipline to herself, 'A woman's state of mind will show in her appearance.'
- この結婚には、彼女の斎王ト定と同じく、政治的意図が強く感じられる。
- There was a strong political influence forcing this marriage, similar to the situation when it was decided that she was to become Saio in accordance with the fortune-teller's advice.
- しかし、序列的な意味合いもあるため実際の生誕順ではないことがある。
- However, since such descriptions sometimes imply their ranks, the lists might not be arranged exactly in order of their actual birth year.
- 布団に置いてある枕の名は坂枕(さかまくら:逆枕の意味か?)という。
- The pillow on the Fusuma is called Sakamakura.
- 天皇主権説とは統治権の意味での主権を天皇が有すると説く学説である。
- The imperial sovereignty theory is a theory to proclaim the emperor has sovereign power meaning sovereignty.
- この譲位は、幕府に対する天皇の抗議、という意味でとらえられている。
- This abdication is regarded as a protest from the emperor against the bakufu.
- 「大兄」とは皇太子の意で、「中大兄」は「次の皇太子」を意味する語。
- The 'oe' means 'prince,' and 'Nakano oe' means 'second prince.'
- くわんぺら門兵衛は意休の子分であることを自ら明かし、長口上をぶつ。
- Kanpera Monbei reveals himself as a retainer of Ikyu, starting a long-winded speech.
- また、江戸幕府も将軍の意思の伝達する文書として、御内書を継承した。
- The Edo bakufu inherited the Gonaisho as a document to inform people of the shogun's intentions.
- 主人が不都合をしでかした家来を斬る場合も無礼討(上意討ち)という。
- When a lord killed his servant(s) who did something disadvantageous with a blade, it was called Bureiuchi (Joiuchi (killing of an offender)).
- 「御厨(みくりや)」は天皇家や伊勢神宮、下鴨神社の領地を意味する。
- The term 'mikuriya' refers to a territorial land of the Imperial Family, the Ise-jingu Shrine, or the Shimogamo-jinja Shrine.
- 一定の政治的意図をもって上から組織される場合(南九州国人一揆など)
- The uprising was organized by top authorities with a certain political intention (e.g. the Kokujin uprising in southern Kyushu).
- 伊通は太政大臣として二条を補佐し、政道の意見書『大槐秘抄』を著した。
- Koremichi supported Emperor Nijo as a grand minister, and he published 'Tai kai Hi Sho,' a political statement.
- 時平も初めての荘園整理令を発布したりして政治の刷新に意欲的であった。
- Tokihira was keen to complete reform by issuing the first Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates.
- その意味では平清盛も源義仲も、そして源義経も後白河の犠牲者であった。
- In this way TAIRA no Kiyomori, MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune were all victims being used by Goshirakawa.
- 林屋辰三郎も大筋では喜田説に同意するが、継体は暗殺されたと主張した。
- While Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA (scholar of Japanese history) mostly agreed with Kida's theory, Hayashiya also advocated that Emperor Keitai was assassinated.
- これにたいして喜田貞吉は欽明の即位年は531年という点では同意した。
- On the other hand, Sadakichi KIDA agreed on the year of his enthronement as 531.
- また、現在の日本では「日本語が野暮」という無意識的な刷り込みがある。
- Also, today's Japanese have an unconscious notion that 'the Japanese language is yabo.'
- 勝手に動かないように制御する意味で、馬の革紐を引き締めるように書く。
- Just like controlling a horse to prevent it from moving on its own, move the brush as if pulling the leather strip.
- (なお、この初会から三会目のしきたりは、存在を疑問視する意見もある)
- However, some people think that the existence of these conventions, from the first to the third meetings, is questionable.
- 三回目にようやく馴染みになり、自分の名前の入った膳と箸が用意される。
- At the third meeting, the customer was recognized as a regular (called 'najimi') and served using a tray and chopsticks with his name on.
- かろうじて腐造しないで売れる範囲の酒にもちこんだ、という意味である。
- It means that sake just before turning to putrefaction and within sellable limit has been barely brought in.
- また「活性酒」と表示された場合、それが発泡を意味している場合も多い。
- When the words 'kassei-shu' (active sake) are written on the label, this often means to be sparkling.
- 了心はこの話を聞いて、源五兵衛の身代わりにとなって死のうと決意した。
- Hearing Gengobe's confession, Ryoshin decides to die for taking all the blame and saving Gengobe.
- 後の部分には、「しゃんぎり」というこれも無意識で演奏できる曲がある。
- After the Uta, there is a kind of song part called 'Shangiri' where can be also played unconsciously.
- 「幕」は帳幕・天幕を意味し、「府」は王室等の財宝や文書を収める場所。
- 'Baku' means curtain or tent and 'fu' means a place where treasure and documents of the royal family, etc. are kept.
- 頼朝没後も御教書は鎌倉幕府の公的意思を通達する手段として用いられた。
- After the death of Yoritomo, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) used Migyosho as the method for passing on information of official intentions.
- そのため、百姓の語は '天下万民・民衆一般' を指す意味に転化した。
- Thus, the meaning of the term 'hyakusho' changed into 'all common people.'
- 同母弟に比古意須王(ひこおすのみこ)、伊理泥王(いりねのみこ)がいる。
- Prince Yamashiro no Otsutsukimawaka had younger maternal half-brothers of Prince Hikoosu (Hikoosu no Miko) and Prince Irine (Irine no Miko).
- 対義語は臣民籍あるいは臣籍(しんせき)で、臣民(国民)としての籍の意。
- The antonym of Koseki is Shinminseki or Shinseki, which mean a status of a subject.
- 天皇機関説はあくまで「立憲君主」のあるべき姿を論じた点に注意されたい。
- Attention should be given to the fact that the Emperor Organ Theory just treated of the thesis that how 'a constitutional monarch' should be.
- これは「いすかの嘴の」という浄瑠璃の言葉どおりに行うという意味である。
- The above means to perform in accordance with the words of Joruri, 'isuka's beak' (discrepancy as in the beak of Common Crossbill).
- 表門では仇討に意気込む息子力弥ら家臣達が険悪な雰囲気で立ち騒いでいる。
- At the front gate, his son Rikiya and other vassals, who are worked up about the revenge, are enraged and making a commotion.
- 祇園一力の女将お才は花車役という遊里の女性役を得意とする俳優が演じる。
- The role of Osai, okami of Gion Ichiriki, is performed by an actor called hanaguruma-yaku, who is good at playing the role of women in the red-light district.
- これを得意とした二代目三遊亭円歌は、出囃子も七段目幕開きの音楽だった。
- Enka SANYUTEI the second, who was good at telling this story, used the starting music of Act Seven for his debayashi (stage music for rakugo).
- 歌詞は中国語ふうの音(おん)をまねたもので、意味の不明なものもおおい。
- Its lyrics are the imitation of the pseudo-Chinese reading for characters and many of them don't have any meanings.
- 保存や殺菌の意味から醤油や醤油垂れ漬けられたものが、ほとんどであった。
- In most cases, it was eaten after being soaked in soy sauce or soy-based sauce In order to preserve the food as well as to kill harmful bacteria.
- 白は穢れなき心を表し、様々な悩み、迷い、汚れを落とすという意味も持つ。
- The color white expresses a heart without impurities, as well as the elimination of various worries, doubts, and contamination.
- 蜘蛛巣城城主・都築国春は北の館城主・藤巻の謀反に遭い、篭城を決意する。
- Kuniharu TSUZUKI, the lord of Kumonosu-jo Castle (Spider web Castle) was betrayed by Fujimaki, the lord of Kita no Tachi (North Castle), which made him decide to confine himself to the castle.
- よって、海外の寿司屋が日本の寿司屋と同じかどうかは注意する必要がある。
- Thus, you need to be alert as to whether sushi restaurants abroad are the same as sushi restaurants in Japan.
- まず、末期養子においては当主の意思を確認する事が困難であった事による。
- Primarily, it was difficult to confirm the will of the family head by that time the Matsugo yoshi was required.
- 以仁王と頼政が反平氏を唱えた挙兵の意思を固めた経緯と動機には諸説ある。
- Theories abound as to the beginnings of and motives behind the stiffening of the resolve of prince Mochihito and Yorimasa to raise an army against the Taira clan.
- 故に国人が配下の庶家や土豪の意向を無視することはできなかったのである。
- Kokujin were therefore unable to neglect the intentions of their branch families and Dogo.
- このことは治天の地位が後深草を跳ばして亀山に移動したことを意味している。
- This means that the position of chiten was succeeded to Kameyama over Gofukakusa.
- しかし近年の学界では合意はなされていないとする見解が主流である(和談)。
- Recently, however, it is generally believed in academic circles that there was no such agreement.
- この説に賛意を示す学者もいるが、広く学界の承認するまでには至っていない。
- Although some scholars agree with this theory, it is yet to be widely accepted in the academic circles.
- また、この時には2つの点で継体天皇の先例が強く意識されていたようである。
- It seemed like the example of Emperor Keitai was strongly considered in two issues at this time.
- 戦国時代 (中国)には、湯沐邑は君主が与える領地を意味するものになった。
- In the Warring States period (in China), Tomokuyu came to mean a territory given by a monarch.
- 船の用意をしていた漁師が登場、義経と静の別れの様子をみて落涙したと語る。
- The fisherman who arranged the boat comes on stage and announces that he shed tears at seeing the separation of Yoshitsune and Shizuka.
- 近年では片岡我童 (13代目)(十四代目片岡仁左衛門)が得意としていた。
- In these years, Gado KATAOKA the 13th (Nizaemon KATAOKA the 14th) excelled at this role.
- 神龍半印本は八柱第三本を基とするが、筆意が墨跡より自然であるといわれる。
- The Shinryuhanin-bon has the Hacchu-daiisan-bon as its original and is said to have more natural touch than the handwriting.
- しかし、それが必ずしも系譜としての嫡流意識となったかどうかは問題がある。
- However, whether that necessarily became the concept of the direct descendant in terms of genealogy is questionable.
- 待て意休、この刀は確かにもらうぞ、と助六は意気込みながら花道にひっこむ。
- Wait Ikyu, I've got this sword' Sukeroku enthusiastically exits onto the hanamichi.
- あなたのような浮気者は、揚巻さんは嫌がります、と白玉は意休に注意をする。
- Shiratama warns Ikyu 'Do not cheat on Agemaki, she will hate you.'
- またその使用時には刀も鉄砲も火花を散らす事も鉄火を意味するようになった。
- It also came to mean swords and guns throwing off sparks in a battle.
- 戦後は中村歌右衛門 (6代目)、澤村宗十郎 (9代目)などが得意とした。
- After the World War II, Utaemon NAKAMURA (6th), Sojiro SAWAMURA (9th) and others performed this as their speciality.
- 大阪弁でやんちゃな子供を意味する「ゴンタ」は「いがみの権太」に由来する。
- Gonta' means a rambunctious boy in Osaka dialect, which originates from 'Igami no Gonta.'
- その意味で、もともと日本酒が持っていた昔の良さを探究しているともいえる。
- In that sense, it can be also said that teiseihakushu has been developed to seek the good old taste which sake originally had.
- 飄然と去る源吾を見送りながら脇句の意味を測りかねて考え込む其角であった。
- While Kikaku saw off Gengo, he was in deep thought, wondering what Gengo's wakiku meant.
- 一方『俊寛』では、俊寛は自らの意思により人を殺してまでも島に残っている。
- On the other hand, in 'Shunkan,' Shunkan remained on the island on his own will even after he killed someone.
- したがって、処刑を意味する「手打ち」という語を忌避したとは考えられ難い。
- Therefore, it is hard to think that the word 'teuchi,' which implies execution, incurred a sense of avoidance.
- 現実には peasant の意味する零細な小作人だけによるものではない。
- However, 'hyakusho ikki' was started not only by the small-scale tenant farmers, as represented by the word 'peasant.'
- だが、幕府は大覚寺統の分裂を招きかねない恒明親王立太子には同意しなかった。
- However the bakufu did not agree to his plan to let Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi become Crown Prince since it might cause a division of the Daikakuji Imperial line.
- 天皇の普段居住する殿舎である清涼殿に対し紫宸殿は公的な意味合いが強かった。
- In comparison to Seiryoden (literally, 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) where the Emperor usually resided, the Shishinden Hall was used for more official purposes.
- 弓削皇子も持統天皇の意向を結局は呑み、軽皇子を皇太子とすることが決定した。
- Yuge no miko eventually accepted the Emperor Jito's intention, and the decision was made to make the Prince Karu as the crown prince.
- 天皇としての活動について非常に意欲的かつ勤勉であると伝えられることが多い。
- He has frequently been admired for his high motivation to his duties as well as for his diligence.
- 『日本書紀』には才能に恵まれ、武徳に優れ天文・占星の術を得意としたとある。
- According to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), he was a gifted and physically and psychologically healthy person and also was good at astronomy and astrology.
- この皇子が生後間もなく東宮とされ、俊房は失脚、その後は失意の生涯を送った。
- This son was appointed as Crown Prince soon after he was born, after that Toshifusa lost his position and had lived in despair since then.
- 国家主権説では、いかなる国家であっても、統治権の意味での主権は国家にある。
- In the state sovereignty theory, any state has its sovereign power from a viewpoint of sovereignty.
- 熱意が功を奏し、月瀬村民は自主的に「月瀬保勝会」の運営を行うようになった。
- Their dedicated efforts paid off, and Tsukigase villagers voluntarily became involved in the management of 'Tsukigase Hoshokai.'
- 桓武天皇は新王朝の創始を強く意識し、自らの主導による諸改革を進めていった。
- Emperor Kanmu was strongly aware of the start of the new dynasty and promoted various reformations.
- そしてついに関白就任が駄目ならば内覧に就任したいという意向を述べるに至る。
- Nobusuke even insisted on serving as Nairan (Inspector of Imperial Documents) if he was not given the position of Kanpaku.
- 主に惣領と正妻の間に生まれた長男、即ち嫡男により継承される血筋を意味する。
- It mainly denotes the line of descent succeeded by the eldest son, or the chakunan (the eldest son and heir), of the soryo (head of a clan) and his legal wife.
- 「輩行」とは「一族のうち同世代の者」という意味で、通常は兄弟のことを言う。
- 'Haiko' carries the meaning of 'people of the same generation within a family,' typically in the case of brothers.
- しかし、民衆の間では鐚銭を忌避して撰銭をしようとする意識が根強く残存した。
- However, consciousness of avoiding bitasen coins and of carrying out the erizeni act was rooted strongly amongst the general public.
- 後任の右大臣には彼や時平とは違い、道真に好意を持っていた藤原忠平が就任した。
- FUJIWARA no Tadahira, who felt kindly toward Michizane unlike him or Tokihira, was appointed as a successor of Udaijin.
- 文化14年(1817年)に即位し、父光格上皇の意をうけて朝儀復興に尽力した。
- The Emperor was enthroned in 1817, and he put his efforts into the reconstruction of the ceremony of the Imperial Court, as his father, Emperor Kokaku, wanted him to do.
- 一条朝には幼帝を指導して強い発言権を持ち、院政の意図があったともいうが不詳。
- It is said that during Emperor Ichijo's reign, Emperor Enyu seized strong leadership over the young Emperor Ichijo, and intended to rule a cloister government; however, this isn't certain.
- その後も迭立への動きは見られたが、王朝内部に皇統を統一する意思が働き続けた。
- Thereafter, although there was a tendency to share the Imperial throne, there was intention inside the Imperial Palace to unify the Imperial line for succession.
- 続いてその父親の左大臣藤原顕光(関白藤原兼通の長男)も失意のうちに病死した。
- Subsequently, FUJIWARA no Akimitsu, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), her father (the eldest son of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the emperor), FUJIWARA no Kanemichi) died from disease in despair and hopelessness.
- 菅原道真と早くから親交があり、阿衡の紛議の際にはともに意見書を提出している。
- He had a long friendship with SUGAWARA no Michizane, and they worked together to organize their opinions and submitted a report when the Ako Incident occurred.
- また、前任者の意思によらずにその地位についた場合の継承は、譲位とは言わない。
- If a person succeeds the position without the intension of a predecessor, it is not called an abdication of the throne, either.
- ただし、譲位がたとえ君主の意思表示であったとしてもそれだけでは不可能である。
- However, it is not enough for a monarch to expresses his will to actually carry out the abdication of the throne.
- - 読売新聞 「意外にダブつく『忘れられた味』 クジラ どんどん売り込め!」
- - The Yomiuri Shimbun: 'The whale meat, 'the taste that has been forgotten,' is oversupplied unexpectedly; Increase the sales of whale meat rapidly.'
- 「ジングサン」の意味は定かではないが、「海神」である可能性が指摘されている。
- The meaning of 'Jingusan' is not known exactly but some research indicates that it may be the name of 'Watatsumi no kami' (tutelary of the sea).
- 一人残された源五兵衛は、孤独と無力感に苛まれつつ切腹の用意をするのであった。
- Gengobei, now all by himself, is filled with loneliness and hopelessness, and prepares to commit seppuku.
- 蝦夷の子蘇我入鹿は、父の暴挙に怒り座禅をしているが、思いつめて父に意見する。
- SOGA no Iruka, son of Emishi, is meditating, being upset at his father's violent act, and thinking deeply, he reproves his father.
- そこでこの化けもの鼠を退治すべく猫を用意して夜を待ち、かくして旧鼠が現れた。
- A cat was prepared in hope of getting rid of the bogy mouse; then kyuso appeared.
- (君が代に対する意見対立について詳しくは、国旗及び国歌に関する法律を参照)。
- (For more information on conflicting opinions concerning Kimigayo, refer to the Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem.)
- 後白河も同意したため、明雲は天台座主を解任され所領も没収、伊豆に配流となった。
- Goshirakawa agreed and Myoun was removed from the head priest position of the Tendai sect and his private land was taken away, then was banished to Izu Province.
- また、クーデター派により、出家をしたことで、蘇我氏の戦意喪失を図った説もある。
- Another theory says that the coups intended to take the will from the Soga clan to fight back by letting him become a priest.
- 父は意富富杼王(おおほどのおおきみ)、母は中斯知命(なかしちのみこと)である。
- Prince Oi's father was Prince Ohodo and the mother of Prince Oi was 'Nakashi no Mikoto.'
- (この点で、毎年評価が更新される食用米の地区指定とは意味合いが大きく異なる)。
- (This is greatly different from the system of the area designation for the cultivation of edible rice, which renews its evaluation every year).
- 敵方に寝返った九太夫が由良之助の真意を探ろうとするが、由良之助はこれをかわす。
- Kudayu, who now sides with the enemy, tries to grasp Yuranosuke's real intention, but Yuranosuke gets away.
- その後は、市川壽海 (3代目)、松本白鸚 (初代)などが源五兵衛を得意とした。
- In the subsequent years, Jukai ICHIKAWA III and Hakuo MATSUMOTO I among others were renowned for playing the role of Gengobei.
- 名称の「婆」は老婆ではなく、汚物を意味する方言の「ババ」を由来とする説もある。
- There is a theory that the word 'babaa' included in the name does not mean an old woman but is derived from a slang word 'baba' meaning slops.
- 「ここまで疑われているのかという絶望から『箱叩き』、つまり謀反の決意をする。」
- Mitsuhide finally hits the box, meaning that he has decided to rebel, out of the despair of knowing that he is totally doubted.'
- 半分を残して鞄などにしまっても、鹿は匂いでまだ残っている事に気付くので無意味。
- As deer can smell out any piece of senbei left in your bag, you have to give them all.
- 広義では、人類の文化的活動によって生み出された有形の文化的所産全般を意味する。
- In a broad sense, they refer to all the cultural products with a tangible form that were created by the cultural acts of human beings.
- 江戸のいき(意気)を体現した辰巳芸者は、江戸を描写した作品にしばしば登場する。
- Tatsumi Geisha, who were the example of the spirit of Edo, often appear in works describing Edo.
- 広義では、人類の文化的活動によって生み出された無形の文化的所産全般を意味する。
- generally means intangible cultural products produced by human cultural activities in a broad sense.
- 傷心の新助は宿の主人六兵衛と下男作助に、もうおみよのことは忘れろと意見される。
- The disappointed Shinsuke is advised by Rokubei, the landlord of the inn, and Sakusuke, a manservant there, that he should forget about Omiyo.
- 一国一城令を行うことは「もう戦争はしません」という諸大名の意思表示でもあった。
- Execution of Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province) was a declaration of intention by all daimyo 'not to make war.'
- 同十一年(1274年)亡き上皇の意向を継いで亀山天皇から譲位を受けて8歳で即位。
- Following the Retired Emperor's will who passed away, he succeeded to the throne in 1274 when he was eight years old after Emperor Kameyama passed the throne to him
- これらのうち、並立説については史料的根拠に乏しい事等を理由に反対する意見もある。
- Among these theories, there are opinions to take objection to the theory of juxtaposition of plural Emperors for the reason that there are not many historical materials which can prove this theory.
- 『古事記伝』では、「五瀬」は「厳稲」の意味とし、穀物や食料の神の意と解している。
- According to 'Kojiki-den' (Commentary on the Kojiki), 'Itsuse' (五瀬) was understood as (厳稲) (literally, majesty of rice), and therefore, he was identified as the god of crops and foods.
- このような『古事記』と『日本書紀』との歴史叙述の違いについては様々な意見がある。
- There are various opinions about the differences in historical description between 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki.'
- 「磔」は磔刑といえば「はりつけ」のことだが、「引き裂いて内臓を開く」意味もある。
- 磔' (taku) means 'crucifixion', but also means 'tear up and open internal organs'.
- 淀君からその方の忠節を疑わないという手紙が届き、且元は意を決して登城せんとする。
- Katsumo makes a decision and is about to attend the castle when he receives a letter from Yodogimi that she never doubted his loyalty.
- 現在では松本幸四郎 (9代目)、中村吉右衛門 (2代目)の兄弟が得意としている。
- Currently, brothers, Koshiro MATSUMOTO (the ninth) and Kichiemon NAKAMURA (the second), are good at playing the role.
- このとき半四郎が得意としていた八百屋お七を基本として旅役者崩れの女装盗賊とした。
- The role of Yaoya Oshichi, which was Hanshiro's specialty at that time, became the base for the robber dressed like a woman who used to be an itinerant actor.
- 人生の辛酸を知り尽くした老侠客の心意気が求められ、柔軟取り混ぜた演じ方が難しい。
- Spirit of an old kyokaku who knows the ups and downs of life thoroughly is required and it is difficult to play while mixing firmness and softness together.
- 喜三郎の意見に悩む辰五郎は、女房のお仲に意気地がないから離縁すると言い出される。
- Kisaboro's words weighed heavily on Tatsugoro's mind; Tatsugoro looked so indecisive that his wife Onaka pronounced a divorce between them.
- 特に、文化財保護法第2条第1項第1号において規定された「有形文化財」を意味する。
- In particular, the term refers to 'tangible cultural properties' stipulated under No.1, Item 1, Article 2 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 特に、文化財保護法第2条第1項第2号において規定された「無形文化財」を意味する。
- In particular, it means 'intangible cultural properties' provided by Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item (2) of the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties.
- これらは、従前の正史的歴史観への新たな歴史的意味付けの所産であると解されている。
- It is understood that these were produced by giving new historical meanings to the views of history in the previous official histories.
- この章は特徴的な四課三伝のパターン36種が持つ象意の解説に全体があてられている。
- The symbolism of 36 characteristic patterns of Shikasanden are explained throughout this Chapter.
- しかし、重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- However, there are other opinions insisting that it is different, because the Emperor used his influential power in important political situations.
- なお、この巡幸の目的には、新たな象徴天皇崇敬の国民の意識形成があったともいわれる。
- Further, it is said that there was also anticipation of people forming a consciousness of the Emperor as the new symbol to be respected as an object of this Junko.
- 1200年に立太子、後鳥羽天皇の強い意向で、土御門天皇の譲位により1210年即位。
- In 1200 he became Crown Prince and succeeded to the throne upon the strong request of Emperor Gotoba, after Emperor Tsuchimikado passed the throne to him in 1210.
- 5年7月(416年8月)、玉田宿禰(葛城襲津彦の孫)の叛意が露顕、これを誅殺する。
- In August, 416, Tamada no sukune (grandson of KATSURAGI no Sotsuhiko) turned out to be rebellious, and the Emperor punished him by death.
- 穴穂部皇子は蘇我馬子と物部守屋に三輪逆は不遜であると相談し、馬子と守屋は同意した。
- Prince Anahobe talked to SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya about MIWA no Sakau being irreverent and they agreed with him.
- 伝承が混乱しているのか、或いは記紀の編集者が意図的に系図に手を加えた可能性が強い。
- Maybe the oral literature from this historical period was confused; or it is very possible that the editors of the 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' intentionally forged the contents of the genealogical charts of the Emperors.
- 「相模の野に燃え立つ火の中で、わたしの心配をしてくださった貴方」という意味である。
- This poem means: 'You who were worried about me when we were surrounded by the flaming fire in the fields of Sagami.'
- なお、ある者が最も得意とする芸のことを「おはこ」というが、これを「十八番」と書く。
- Someone's specialty is called 'ohako' (a box), and it is written in Chinese characters as 'juhachiban' (number eighteen).
- 古くは「増水」と表記され、米飯の量を水で増やすという意味合いが強かったと思われる。
- In ancient times, zosui was shown as '増水' (increased water), which probably had a strong connotation of increasing the volume of rice with water.
- 戦後は尾上多賀之丞 (3代目)が、現在では澤村田之助 (6代目)が得意としている。
- After the war, Taganojo ONOE III, now Tanosuke SAWAMURA VI, was perfect for the role.
- 意休は居並ぶ傾城たちに、自分も吸いつけ煙草が欲しいと言うが、誰一人それに応じない。
- Ikyu requests the courtesans to light a pipe for him, but nobody can meet his request.
- しかし村民の意識の低さからか、梅林の伐採はおさまらず、月瀬保勝会の事業は頓挫した。
- However, possibly due to the lack of awareness among villagers, plum trees continued to be cut down, stalling the conservation efforts of Tsukigase Hoshokai.
- (近江商人はがめつく、伊勢商人は、貧乏な乞食のように、出納にうるさいと言う意味。)
- (This means that Omi shonin were greedy, while Ise shonin were persistent in income and outgo like poor beggars.)
- 日本に連れ去られた儒家、陶工などの捕虜を朝鮮に連れ帰るのが主目的という意味である。
- This means that the main mission of these envoys was to bring back to Korea the Confucians and potters who had been brought to Japan during the war.
- このため、農民層にも経済力がつき始め、領主・地頭への権利意識が高まることとなった。
- For this reason, the class of farmers began to get economic power and the awareness of their rights against local lords and jitos heightened.
- ただし、漢文で書かれた『日本外史』でさえ「戦国」という語の出現頻度は意外に少ない。
- In 'Nihon Gaishi' which was written in classical Chinese, however, the frequency of the usage of the word 'sengoku' is unexpectedly small.
- 第四、第五の章が六壬で重要視される十二天将と月将が持つ象意の解説にあてられている。
- The symbolism of Juni Tensho and Juni Gessho, which are emphasized in Rikujin, is explained in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.
- 山本幸司は、この点に頼朝と義仲を両天秤にかける後白河院の政治的意図があったとする。
- In this respect, there was a political motivation by Goshirakawa-in in making a hedge between Yoritomo and Yoshinaka, according to Koji YAMAMOTO.
- 百姓を農民の意味とした初見は、現在のところ9世紀末に編纂された『三代実録』である。
- As of now, that was 'Sandaijitsuroku' (the sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) edited in the late ninth century in which the term 'hyakusho' indicated for the first time, a person engaged in agriculture.
- 武士の中では下位で、侍でもあり百姓でもあるという兵農未分離の状態という意味である。
- It means that they were low-ranking samurai who served as both warriors and farmers.
- この背景には朝儀復活や王政復古運動に尽力していた父・霊元天皇の意向が強く働いていた。
- As to the background of this movement, there was a strong intention of his father, Emperor Reigen who worked hard to restore the events of the Imperial Palace and the movement to restore the monarchy.
- 小倉百人一首でも平安王朝の太祖としての敬意が張られ、冒頭に以下の歌が載せられている。
- He was respected as the Emperor of the Heian dynasty, and one of his poems is found at the beginning of 'One Hundred Waka Poems (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets).'
- だが、万世一系の伝統が断絶するとして、反対する意見が強く、女系容認には至っていない。
- However, many people are still opposed to female emperors for the reason that the theory of the unbroken Imperial line will be breached.
- 「主権」という語は多義的にさまざまな意味に解釈することができるため注意が必要である。
- Since the word 'sovereign power' can be interpreted in various means, it is necessary to be careful.
- 現在の皇室で意外なほど和服が着られないのは、この時の方針が踏襲されているからである。
- The reason why the present Imperial family wears Japanese traditional clothes surprisingly less often than expected is because they are following this policy.
- 義経、弁慶主従をのせるために用意された船はともづなを解き、主従の乗るのを待っている。
- The boat prepared for Yoshitsune and his retainers including Benkei is unmoored and waiting for them.
- 鴻池流は醸造法としては消滅してしまったものなので、その意味で本書の記述は貴重である。
- The brewing method of Konoike school has been lost already, therefore the descriptions in the book are valuable.
- たまたま通りかかった人が意休の死体を発見するが、助六はその通行人の提灯を切り落とす。
- When the people happen to pass and find Ikyu's body, Sukeroku cuts the paper lantern that passerby holds.
- 色欲を戒める意味をもたせて上演されたが、その所作は見物の爆笑をさそったと想像される。
- It is considered to have been performed to warn for the human nature with lust, but the performers' action would have set the audience burst into laughter.
- 意休は実は助六が曾我五郎と見抜いており、友切丸を抜いて源氏を裏切ることをそそのかす。
- Ikyu knows that Sukeroku is SOGA no Tokimune, and ties to trick Sukeroku into betraying the MINAMOTO clan by drawing his Tomokirimaru sword.
- 争う二人を見ながら、珍伯は且元に見切りを付け政敵の大野道軒親子につくことを決意する。
- Seeing the couple having an argument, Chinpaku decided to gave up katsumoto and sided with Doken ONO and his son, although they had been political enemies.
- この計画には名張川の高山ダムが含まれており、計画の実現は月ヶ瀬梅渓の水没を意味した。
- This project included the construction of Takayama Dam on Nabari-gawa River, which meant that if it was completed, Tsukigase Baikei would be swallowed up by the Dam.
- 「鉄火の間」とは火花を散らす合間(場所や空間)という意味の戦場や修羅場のことである。
- Tekka no ma' is a place or a space where sparks fly, implying a battle field or a dreadful scene.
- が、女性の髪を手がける女髪結いは遊郭(遊女は上得意だった)や顧客の家を訪問していた。
- But Onnakamiyui (female Kamiyui) who dealt with female hair visited yukaku (red-light district) (yujo [prostitutes] were their best customers) and customers' houses.
- この呼称は、武力・武勇をもって朝家(天皇)に奉仕する家系という意味合いを含んでいた。
- These terms also implied lineages who served the Imperial Family (or an emperor) with their military power and bravery.
- これらの「明」は、それについて「明るい」(ことの次第によく通じた)という意味である。
- Therefore, 'Myo' means being 'bright' about those subjects (that those who studied them were familiar with them).
- この頃には、惣村の形成に見られるように、百姓らの自治・連帯意識が非常に高まっていた。
- During this period, the level of awareness of self-governing and solidarity was rapidly raised among peasants and other commoners, as shown in the formation of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association).
- また、新羅を蕃国とし、東北地方の蝦夷・南九州の隼人を化外民とする中華意識が高まった。
- In addition, China-centered consciousness, in which Silla was considered a barbarian country and Emishi in the northeastern area as well as Hayato in the southern Kyushu area were considered kegaimin (outsiders), heightened.
- また、政治的背景とは無関係に日本的な曲であって国歌に最もふさわしいとする意見がある。
- There is also an opinion without any political tinge that Kimigayo is a Japanese melody and most adequate for the national anthem.
- 右方のチームカラーは寒色系統(当時は黄色から青紫まで)で、同じく凝った意匠を競った。
- The right team was dressed in cold colors, ranging from yellow to bluish purple at the time, and competed in elaborate design as well.
- その意味では摂関時代の「ミウチ」の世界が、まだ一部には残っていたという見方も出来る。
- In other words, the world of 'relatives' of the period of regents partially remained.
- この急速な変化は、当時政界首班となっていた藤原良房の意図に基づくものとする見解もある。
- There is a view that such rapid change was caused by FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa who was the political leader at the time.
- その婬行(あるいは媱行)はいよいよ増して、自制する事はできなかった」という意味である。
- It was said, her sexual moral decadence was becoming worse, but she could not stop it by herself.
- そのときどきの天皇にとっては、むしろ不本意な事態として、世襲親王家は発足したのである。
- During that time the establishment of the Seshu shinnoke (the Hereditary family) was undesirable thing for each Emperor in different eras.
- しかしながら重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- Yet others say that it was not exactly the same because the Japanese Emperor used his clout at important political situations.
- 後世「きさき」が皇后の意味を表すようになり、皇后を「皇后宮、きさいのみや」とも呼んだ。
- In later years, 'Kisaki' started to mean empress and the empress was also called 'Kisai no miya.'
- 立回りよろしくあって伴内は散々にやっつけられ、勘平はお軽を連れて意気揚々と去ってゆく。
- Bannai is beaten decisively in the ensuing fight and Kanpei leaves triumphantly with Okaru.
- 上方とは「上かみ(皇居)のある方角」という意味で、京都およびその付近一帯をさすことば。
- Kamigata means 'the direction of Kami (Imperial Palace)' and refers to Kyoto and its surrounding area.
- 祭礼時の縁起物や互助活動の手間に対する対価は謝意であり、祝儀不祝儀であり代金ではない。
- The consideration of the time and effort spent by tobishoku for the lucky charms sold at rites and festivals and for the mutual aid activities was paid by showing appreciation or giving congratulatory and commemorative gifts, not by offering the payment.
- 1950年代から1960年代には、共産主義者を中心に天皇制の廃止を訴える意見もあった。
- Between the 1950s and 1960s, there was a movement for the abolition of the Tennosei mainly from the communists.
- 朝鮮王朝建国当初は入港場に制限はなく、通交者は随意の浦々に入港することが可能であった。
- When the Korean Dynasty was founded, there was no restriction on entrance ports, and foreigners who visited Korea for trade were allowed to enter any port.
- 土地税の租は,課税対象確保のための農民の最低生活の保障の意味で,低率に抑えられていた。
- So of So-Yo-Cho, land tax, was kept at low rate aimed at securing the lowest living standard of a peasant so as to acquire a stable subject of taxation.
- 「毛」や「蝦」の字を用いたのは単なる音の転写ではなく、何らかの意味があると考えられる。
- Therefore, it is thought that the use of the characters '毛' and '蝦' isn't simply based on the sound but must have a particular meaning.
- 袖を振るのは呪術的であり、新嘗祭の前日に行われる鎮魂祭とも同じ意味があると考えられる。
- Waving sleeves was akin to an occult art and shared the same meaning as the Chinkon-sai (a ceremony for the repose of a spirit), held on the preceding day of the Niiname-sai festival.
- 宮内庁では、国民の自主的な意思に基づく奉仕による皇居の清掃活動への参加を受け付けている。
- The Imperial Household Agency allows the public to voluntarily participate in cleaning the Palace.
- 後白河院-譲位後の院政時の住居の名称による追号(白河天皇の次に当たるという意味に因む)。
- Goshirakawa in - The Tsuigo came from the Palace where he lived while ruling the cloistered government. (The name means after Emperor Shirakawa.)
- 大行天皇(たいこうてんのう)は、天皇が崩御(死去の意)した後、追号が贈られるまでの呼称。
- Taiko-Tenno is an appellation of emperor, which is applied during a period from the demise of the Emperor to the grant of Tsuigo (posthumous title).
- つまり、継体を含め祖先の異なる複数の豪族があり、祖先が誰かは分からないという意味である。
- That means that there existed several local ruling families with different ancestors, including the one which Keitai came from, instead of one identifiable imperial ancestor.
- 勢津子との婚姻が成立したのも皇后の意向が大きく働いた結果であったと言われる(河原敏明)。
- It is said that the Empress Teimei contributed greatly toward the successful marriage of Setsuko and Chichibu no Miya (Toshiaki KAWAHARA).
- 主君・尾田春永から辱められた武智光秀は、ついに耐えられなくなって謀反を決意しこれを討つ。
- Mitsuhide TAKECHI, who was ashamed by his lord, Harunaga ODA finally got beyond bearing and decided to rise in revolt, killed Oda.
- 意休が友切丸を持っていると勘づいた助六は刀を抜かせようとするが、なかなかうまくいかない。
- As Sukeroku suspects that Ikyu has the Tomokirimaru, he tries hard to make Ikyu draw his sword.
- ナギがなぎ(和ぎ)に通じることから、神籬(儀式の依り代としての枝葉の意)として使われる。
- As the tree nagi is associated with '和ぎ (nagi: calmness), it is used as hiromogi (which means the branches and leaves as the yorishiro for Shinto rituals).
- 団七は、かつては二代目實川延若、戦後は三代目實川延若、十三代目片岡仁左衛門が得意とした。
- For Danshichi, Enjaku JITSUKAWA, the second in prewar years, Enjaku JITSUKAWA, the third and Nizaemon KATAOKA, the thirteenth in postwar years were good at it.
- ゴクリと飲み込む喉越しや、飲んだ後に立ち返ってくる返り香などは味わわないことを意味する。
- And the tasting does not mean the smooth sensation and kaeriga (fragrance after gulping down) that comes back to the mouth when you gulpe down.
- 落ち武者は薄の穂にも怖ずという慣用句は怖いと思うと何にでも恐怖を感じるという意味である。
- An idiomatic phrase 'ochimusha are afraid of even a head of silver grass' means that you are afraid of anything when you are scared.
- 英語における天皇を意味する言葉は、原則として大文字の E を用いたEmperor である。
- A word meaning Tenno in English is basically Emperor with capital E.
- 天皇はまた和歌の振興に留意し、延喜5年(905年)、『古今和歌集』撰進を紀貫之らに命じた。
- The Emperor paid attention to the reform of Japanese poetry, and in 905 he ordered KI no Tsurayuki to edit 'Kokin Waka shu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).'
- 諸外国における国王・皇帝の地位を継承を意味する王位継承あるいは帝位継承とほぼ同義語である。
- The meaning is almost the same as 'the succession to the Throne' to pass the position of Emperor, or 'the succession to the Emperor,' which are the words used in overseas countries.
- 天皇は敏捷な兵士を差し向けて息子を渡しに来た姫を奪還させようとするが、姫の決意は固かった。
- The Emperor sent agile soldiers to recapture the Empress who came out to hand over his son to the soldiers, however, her resolution was firm.
- 日本古代史に真の意味での史料批判が展開されるのは大正期の津田左右吉を待たなければならない。
- It was not until there appeared Sokichi TSUDA in the Taisho era that criticism of ancient history in Japan actually began to develop.
- 皇太子には嵯峨上皇の強い意向で同月4月18日に当時従四位下侍従であった恒世王が立てられる。
- With the Retired Emperor Saga's strong desire, Prince Tsuneyo, who was Jushiinoge jiju (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade Chamberlain) on this occasion, was installed as the Crown Prince on June 4, 823.
- 死を決意した十次郎が初菊と別れを惜しむ場面は、終戦後身内を戦争で失った観客の共感を呼んだ。
- The scene of a farewell between Jujiro, who prepare for death and Hatsugiku raised a sympathy by the audience, who lost their family during WWII.
- 「白浪」は盗賊を意味するが、これが「夜働き」「知らない」「七里ヶ浜」の各語に掛かっている。
- Shiranami' refers to a thief, and is a pun for each word of 'yobataraki,' 'shiranai' and 'shichirigahama.'
- 彼はまた、刀のなかごに「廿五まで 生き過ぎたりや 一兵衛」と死を恐れぬ心意気を刻んでいた。
- He also inscribed the phrase 'I have lived too long to be twenty five - Ichibei' on the part of the sword which is buried in the hilt to show his fearless of death.
- 語源については異説もあるが、カンボジア語で管を意味する「クセル」が、なまったものとされる。
- It is assumed that kiseru is a corrupted form of the Khmer word, 'ksher' although there are different speculations on the origin of the word.
- 陵墓は奈良県吉野郡吉野町吉野山にある如意輪寺内の円墳の塔尾陵(とうのおのみささぎ)である。
- His Imperial Tomb is a round-shaped mound called 'Tono-ono-misasagi' and situated within the Nyorin-ji Temple at Yoshinoyama, Yoshino Town, Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture.
- その一方、以上の理由で信長の政策に革新性が認められなかったとの意味ではないと思われている。
- On the other hand, it is not thought that the innovation of Nobunaga's policy went unrecognized due to the above reasons.
- また、戦死者の格式に応じて供物が用意され、大将の首にはコンブや酒などが供えられるなどした。
- Also, offerings were arranged for formalities of individuals who died on the battlefield; for commanders, offerings of kelp and sake were prepared.
- ただ、幕府の出費節減はなったが、国内的な将軍権威の発露というもうひとつの意義は損なわれた。
- However, although the cost of the bakufu for this event was reduced, the domestic meaning of showing the prestige of the shogun was damaged.
- 直仁親王は失意のうちに出家して父の御所であった萩原殿に隠退し、南北朝合一後にこの世を去った。
- Imperial Prince Naohito was disappointed and became a priest; he retired into Hagiwaradono (Hagiwara palace), his father's palace, and passed away after the Southern and Northern courts were united.
- 諸外国における国王・皇帝の地位の継承を意味する王位継承、あるいは帝位継承とほぼ同義語である。
- It is almost a synonym for the succession to the King's Throne or succession to the Emperor's Throne, meaning the succession to the position of King and Emperor, in other countries.
- これを機に『禁中並公家諸法度』に基づいて江戸幕府の朝廷に対する介入が本格化した事を意味する。
- On that occasion, it meant the Edo bakufu seriously started getting involved in the Imperial Palace under 'the law for the Court in the Edo period.'
- 大行は「大いなる行ない」を意味し、ここでは死去した天皇への顕彰を表す語として用いられている。
- Taiko means 'great behavior,' where the word is used to pay honor to the demised Emperor.
- 億計天皇(おけのすめらみこと)・大石尊(おおしのみこと)、意祁命・意富祁王(おおけのみこ)。
- He was also known as Oke no sumeramikoto (the term sumeramikoto refers to emperor), Oshi no mikoto (the term mikoto refers to god or person of great importance), or Oke no miko (which was written as '意祁命' or '意富祁王' in Japanese).
- 阿米久爾意斯波留支比里爾波乃弥己等(あめくにおしはるきひろにわのみこと)- 『中宮寺文化財』
- Amekunioshiharukihiro no Mikoto-mentioned in the book, 'Cultural Properties of Chugu-ji Temple'
- これはどういう意味だろうと言われ、狭穂毘売は暗殺未遂の顛末を述べた後兄の元へ逃れてしまった。
- And when he asked her opinion on what his dream meant, she ran away to her brother after she confessed the Emperor the assassination attempt.
- お化けは、化け・化け物・大化け・化生(けしょう)とも呼称し、霊魂の類と妖怪と怪物を意味する。
- 'Obake' means kinds of divine spirits, yokai and kaibutsu, which are also called 化け (bake), 化け物 (bakemono), 大化け (obake) and 化生 (kesho).
- そのため、ときには「暫」を女形が演じる「女暫」もあるなど、意匠を凝らした演出も見ものだった。
- Therefore, sophisticated production was created such as 'Onna shibaraku' in which an actor of female roles plays the role of 'Shibaraku.'
- 加古川戸無瀬・小波の母娘が、ある決意を胸に二人きりで山科へと東海道を上る様子を所作事で描く。
- This section depicts the scene in which Tonose KAKOGAWA and her daughter Konami travel the Tokai-do road to Yamashina with a resolution in their minds.
- 特にヤクザ映画等では、煙管を口にくわえたまま振ったりと、親分の意思表示の小道具に使用される。
- Especially in yakuza movies, the kiseru is used as a prop to express boss's decision by waving the kiseru in his mouth.
- 懇意な仲同士や遠慮なく多くの料理を客に食べて欲しい時には敢えて「直箸で」と勧めることがある。
- To friends or on the occasion where a host wants the guests to feel free to eat a lot, the host sometimes suggest them 'Jikabashi' purposely.
- この上演には、2月に父五代目菊五郎を亡くした三人の遺児を引き立てる團十郎の意思が働いていた。
- Danjuro's intention was to cheer up the three actors who had just lost their father Kikugoro ONOUE the Fifth in February.
- 工藤が舞台の高座にあがるとき一礼するが、江戸時代の劇場の櫓芝居小屋に敬意を表する意味である。
- Kudo bows when he goes on the raised platform of the stage in order to pay respect to the licensed theatre during Edo period.
- 愁嘆場のしんみりした件から紹巴の死、さらに上使、そして切腹の用意へと舞台が重苦しく緊張する。
- From the episode lamenting his humiliation, the death of Joha, the arrival of the envoys, and to the preparation of harakiri rites, the atmosphere on stage is oppressive and tense.
- 「大向うを唸らせる」といえば、そういった芝居通をも感心させるほどの名演であることを意味する。
- O-muko wo Unaraseru' (literally, 'make o-muko hum,' means making a deep impression on the o-muko) means that the actor did an excellent job of acting enough to make those connoisseurs admire his performance.
- ここで煎餅を束ねている紙をはがすのに手惑うと、軽く頭突きなどをしてくるので注意が必要である。
- If you are slow unwrapping the senbei, an impatient deer will give you a light head-butt.
- 決められた料金のほかに、「あごつき」といって得意先に食事を出してもらう契約のところもあった。
- Some contracts included meals from the customer as well as the fixed price, which was called 'agotsuki' (work with meals).
- 米を溶かしたあと搾るので、必要なタンパク質も流出してしまい、そのあとで麹を入れる意味がない。
- The necessary protein is drained during the process in which the rice is melted and squeezed; therefore, there is no point in adding the sake rice malt to it afterwards.
- のちに歌六の長男・中村吉右衛門 (初代)が得意とし、彼の撰んだ「秀山十種」に数えられている。
- It was selected as one of `Shuzan Jusshu,' which Kichiemon NAKAMURA (the first generation), the eldest son of Karoku, is good at.
- 知行(ちぎょう)とは、日本の中世・近世において、領主が行使した所領支配権を意味する歴史概念。
- Chigyo is a history-related concept indicating a territory-controlling right executed by territorial lords during the medieval period and early-modern times in Japan.
- それから、「知行」の語は、武士が主君から給付・安堵(保証)された所領を意味するようになった。
- Then the term of 'chigyo' came to indicate the territory that a samurai was awarded and was protected by his lord.
- 「里」とは平安京の里坊のことであり、すなわち里内裏とは「京内に置かれた内裏」という意味である。
- 'Sato' means a priest lodge in village in Heian-kyo, thus, 'satodairi' means an 'imperial palace in Heian-kyo.'
- 『君が代』は、日本国民の総意に基づき天皇を日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴する我が国のこととなる」
- 'Kimigayo' indicates our State, Japan, which has the Emperor enthroned as the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people by the consensus-based will of Japanese citizens'
- 短刀は白木の鞘で赤い布に包まれ桐箱に入れられ、宮中で天皇の意思を受けた使者(勅使)に託される。
- A short sword in a plain wood sheath is wrapped in a red cloth and put in a paulownia box, which is passed to an imperial envoy who received an order from the emperor in the Imperial Court.
- この時点で武士に戻るという意味であり、光沢のある絹の衣装で切腹するという美しさを強調している。
- This implies that he returns to a samurai at this moment, and the staging emphasizes the beauty of committing seppuku with the costume of glossy silk.
- 反対に意休に対して、女に振られてもなお執着する姿は、あたかもヘビのようで気色が悪いとからかう。
- On the contrary, Sukeroku derides Ikyu as a very queer snake, for he does not tire of being reviled.
- 「凪」とは、和ぎと同意でもあるが、現在では、風が無く穏やかな波のない海の状態をさす場合が多い。
- 凪' has the similar meaning to '和ぎ,' but today it often describes the calm state of the sea without wind and waves.
- 昨日とは違う颯爽とした討ち入り装束に身を固め、「宝船」の句の意味を理解してくれたことを喜んだ。
- He was in costumes for a raid and appeared differently from yesterday, and he was pleased to learn `takara bune,' which he recited, was understood.
- だが最も重要な理由として、幕府が大名の力を削ぎ統制を強めることに大いに意を用いていた事にある。
- But the most important purpose for the prohibition was in the bakufu's motivation to weaken the influence of daimyo in order to control them more easily.
- 近年においては、各戦国大名がそれぞれ得意とし、特徴を持つ築城術を個々に扱った研究も進んでいる。
- In recent years, studies on individual castle building technology that each sengoku daimyo was specialized in and showed unique character has been advanced.
- また、佐藤は、寛刑特令発布について、義仲による平氏残党掃討を牽制する意図があったと考えている。
- Furthermore, SATO considers that a lenient punishment order was promulgated because there was an intention to discourage Yoshinaka from mopping up of remnants of the Taira clan.
- 親王の別称に御子左大臣・御子左があるが、これは『醍醐天皇の皇子(御子)である左大臣』という意味。
- The Imperial Prince Kaneakira has other names; Mikohidari no otodo and Miko hidari, that mean the Imperial Prince of the Emperor Daigo and Sadaijin.
- ほかにも、飯豊皇女や春日山田皇女なども政治を司ったという意味で天皇ではなかったかの考え方もある。
- There is also a view that female imperial family members such as Princess Iitoyo or Kasuga no Yamada no Himemiko (Princess) were Emperors because they played a role for political reasons.
- 明応の政変に憤慨して一時は譲位を決意するが、老臣である大納言甘露寺親長の諫奏によって取りやめる。
- He was furious about the Coup of Meio and decided to abdicate the throne; however, he didn't do so after receiving advice from Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Chikanaga KANROJI, who had long been an aide to the Emperor.
- 桂離宮(かつらりきゅう)は京都市西京区桂にある離宮(離宮とは皇居とは別に設けた宮殿の意)である。
- Katsura Rikyu is the detached Palace (a palace built apart from the Imperial Palace) located at Katsura, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 「東京行幸」は行幸と言う言葉を使い、その形態を装っているが、実質的な奠都と言う意味で用いられる。
- Tokyo Gyoko' seems to mean just an ordinary Gyoko, but it practically means the establishment of the capital.
- 勅語(ちょくご)とは、原則として天皇が口頭により発する公務上の意思表示であり、詔勅の一種である。
- Chokugo means, in principle, the Emperor's verbal expression of his or her intention concerning official matters, and is a type of Shochoku (imperial rescript).
- 日本においては、特に天皇に側近奉仕する文官や位を意味するため、この項目ではこれについて解説する。
- In Japan, this term specially refers to a civil officer who serves an emperor or the rank of that person, and this section describes these.
- 11月には対馬から報告があって、唐の使者郭務そうと百済の送使孫登ら二千人の来朝の意が伝えられた。
- In December, the envoys of Tang, Kakumuso and Kudara, Sonto announced their will to visit Japan with 2,000-member diplomatic mission, through the Japanese bureau in Tsushima.
- この例を、北朝を正統とする立場からは、光厳天皇の治世をはさんだ後醍醐天皇の重祚と見る意見もある。
- Some think that this is chosa of Emperor Godaigo after Emperor Kogen from the viewpoint of orthodoxy of the Northern Dynasty.
- また、太上天皇(太上法皇)を意味する院ないし有力貴族、寺社と総称して院宮、院宮王臣家ともいった。
- In addition, it was also referred to as In meaning the retired emperor (or cloistered retired emperor) or, collectively with dominant nobilities and temples and shrines, as Ingu (imperial lady) or Ingu oshinke (a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor's power).
- 意休は、揚巻をものにしたいが、揚巻は助六に夢中であることを知っており、それが悔しくてたまらない。
- Ikyu seeks to win Agemaki's heart, and vexed himself at Agemaki who lost her heart to Sukeroku.
- 「へたり」とは(舞台・櫓で)座り(=へたり)込んで叩くという意で、曳行での演奏とは対をなす表現。
- Hetari' means to sit and play a drum (on a stage and turret), as a counter-expression to the musical performance during the drawing danjiri.
- 「うた」の前の部分には、「一力(りき)」、「二力(りき)」という無意識でも演奏できうる曲がある。
- Before the 'Uta' part, there are parts called 'Ichiriki' and 'Niriki' which can be played unconsciously.
- 兼実は、隆季・通親の申状を「権門(清盛)の素意を察し、朝家の巨害を知らず」と激しく非難している。
- Kanezane launched a furious criticism of Takasue and Michichika's official report to the emperor, saying 'you try to divine Kiyomori's will, but care nothing if it causes great harm to the imperial family.'
- 8月、頼長が養女の名字を側近の儒者に勘申させると、「多」の字に賛成意見が集まった(『台記別記』)。
- In August, Yorinaga had his aides; Confucian scholars, suggest the first name of his adopted daughter; the name containing kanji character `多' was agreed to by many aides ('Taiki Bekki').
- これは本来、嫡子がおらず庶子の中から後継者を選ぶ際には母親の出自の高い方を選ぶという意味であった。
- Its original meaning was that, if there is no legitimate child and a successor should be selected from among children born out of wedlock, the one born from a mother from the highest ranked origin should be selected.
- 磐余彦は日の神の子孫の自分が日に向かって(東へ)戦うことは天の意思に逆らうことだと悟り兵を返した。
- Iwarehikono Mikoto, a descendant of the sun god in his understanding, realized that fighting against the sun (against the east) was against God's wishes, and decided to withdraw his troops.
- ここな(曾我五郎)時致の腰ぬけめ」 意休は確かに助六の本名を、隠さなくてはならない秘密を口にした。
- You, chicken SOGA no Goro Tokimune!' Ikyu said the real name of Sukeroku, which was a secret he must keep.
- 惣太は、市川猿翁、当代の市川猿之助 (3代目)、当代の片岡仁左衛門 (15代目)が得意としている。
- The role of Sota is specialized by Eno ICHIKAWA, the present Ennosuke ICHIKAWA (the third), and the present Nizaemon KATAOKA (the 15th).
- 後に、市川中車 (7代目)、市川團十郎 (11代目)、片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)などが得意とした。
- Following Danzo and Danjuro, actors such as Chusha ICHIKAWA VII, Danjuro ICHIKAWA XI and Nizaemon KATAOKA XIII played this role well.
- こういった時期を経ることで、現代では一揆の本来の意味は忘れられ、理解されがたくなってしまっている。
- As a result of such events, the original meaning of ikki has been forgotten today and become difficult to understand.
- もともと開発は田地を「ひらきおこす」という意味で、未開の原野の開墾だけでなく荒廃田の再開も含んだ。
- Originally, Kaihatsu meant to 'carve out and revive' the land, suggesting not only cultivation of undeveloped wilderness, but also resumption of ruined fields.
- つまり、近代以前の法観念においては礼銭と賄賂の境界線は微妙で曖昧であったことに留意する必要がある。
- In short, it is necessary to bear in mind that the line between the reisen and bribery was subtle and ambiguous in the legal concepts before the modern era.
- 肯定的立場からは、事実上の国歌として歌われてきた明治以来の伝統を重視するリベラル寄りの意見がある。
- From the affirmative standpoints, there is an opinion on the liberal side which places importance upon tradition since the Meiji Period to sing as de facto, the national anthem.
- ところが後になって当時流布していた諸本に対して後世の偽書ではないかとする意見が現れるようになった。
- In later years, however, a hypothesis appeared arguing that the books circulated at that time may have been forgeries.
- その後、今日まで意味が大きく変化することはなく、現在中国でも老百姓といえば、一般庶民のことを指す。
- The meaning of the term did not change significantly from then until today, and the term 'lao bai xing' in modern Chinese indicates common people.
- 国事行為だけでなく宮中祭祀である国の安泰を祈願する四方拝等「祈り」を行う存在としての天皇も意義深い。
- The Emperor is significant not only for his constitutional functions, but also for the existence as the one that holds 'inori' (prayer) in Shihohai, which is a court ritual held to pray for the welfare of the country, etc.
- 乱の終結後、朝廷の古来の儀式の復活に熱意を注ぐが思うように行かず、明応9年9月28日、崩御している。
- After the war, the Emperor was keen to restore the traditional events of the Imperial Palace; however, it didn't go so well, and he died on September 28, 1500
- その後、大津皇子の正妃となったが、皇子が謀反の意ありとして捕えられて磐余の自邸で死を賜ったのに殉死。
- She became the lawful wife of Prince Otsu, but the Prince was arrested of allegedly having an intention for rebellion and killed himself in his house in Iware, and she also killed herself.
- ただし考古学の絶対年代はよほど強力な史料などが出ない限り、常に浮動的であることに注意する必要がある。
- However, it is to be noted that a conclusive age in archeology is always floating unless there appears an exceptionally strong historical material, etc.
- 「キサキ」とは元は“君幸”という意味があったとする説などがあるがハッキリとした語源は分かっていない。
- There is a theory that says 'Kisaki' originally meant '君幸' but its origin is not known clearly.
- ただし「忠臣蔵」の方には異説もあり、蔵いっぱいにもなるほど多くの忠臣の意味を持たせたとする説がある。
- However, other views on 'Chushingura' exist, such as the one that asserts that it means lots of chushin (loyal vassals) filling the kura (warehouse)
- 評価者に影響されることを考えると、そもそも味で食文化を評価すること自体に意味が無いという意見もある。
- There is an opinion that, considering that the evaluation of taste is affected by the evaluator, it would be meaningless to evaluate food culture based on taste.
- ただしここでいう素人とは本職が別にあるという意味で、その技量は玄人はだしであることはいうまでもない。
- The amateur narrators here means that they have regular occupations other than being a Katobushi narrator, and needless to say their technique is comparable to those of the professionals.
- 律令法においては嫡男はあくまでも蔭位のための規則に過ぎず氏長者継承の条件としての意味は全くなかった。
- According to the ritsuryo code (criminal and administrative codes), being the chakunan was a criterion for the oni (granting of the ikai to a son of a man with Court rank), but never a requirement for the succession of ujinochoja.
- こういった、和歌を国民文学とする意識からすれば、日本においては一般に曲よりも歌詞の方が重要視された。
- Because it is understood that waka is national literature, in Japan in general, the words had importance more so than melody.
- 三位以下の公家や守護大名クラスの武士の家司・家僕が主の意思を奉じて発給した同形式の文書は奉書という。
- Documents with the same style issued by Keishi or Kaboku (servant) of nobilities with a rank lower than Jusanmi or Shugodaimyo (military governor) used for conveying their masters' intention was called hosho.
- だが、黒田は甲陽軍鑑に着目し、「記憶違いはあるが、悪意の捏造はなく、体験に基づく良質な史料」と断定。
- Focusing on Koyo Gunkan (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family), however, Kuroda determined that 'lapses of memory were seen, but the stories are not maliciously fabricated; this is a historical material of good quality based on their experiences.'
- すなわち '俺たち百姓は…' という発話にはある種の誇りの意味合いさえ含まれるといって過言ではない。
- Specifically, it is not exaggerated to say that the phrase 'we hyakusho are...' has a meaning that contains connotations of pride.
- しかし王朝時代には律令国家体制期も含むために王朝国家の指す時代的概念が異なることに注意を必要とする。
- However, the term 'Dynastic period' is used to describe a period of Japanese history that also includes the Ritsuryo regime, so it is necessary to keep in mind that the concept of 'dynasty' was different for each national regime.
- しかし、これに不満を抱いた後深草が翌建治元年(1275年)、太上天皇の尊号辞退と出家の意思を表明した。
- However, Gofukakusa was dissatisfied with this and thus declined the title of Daijo-Tenno (retired Emperor) and announced his intention to become a priest in 1275.
- 「韓国ニ於ケル発明、意匠、商標及著作権ノ保護ニ関スル日米条約」1910年(明治43年):「日本国皇帝」
- Japan-US treaty on the protection of invention, design, trademark and copyright in Korea' in 1910, by 'Nihonkoku Kotei'
- それゆえ、皇位継承順位が明文化される以前には、皇太子は立太子された当今の子という意味をもつに過ぎない。
- Before the order of succession to the Imperial Throne was stipulated, the crown prince meant the son of the current emperor, who was formally installed as Crown Prince.
- また、このような活動が皇太后の真意に関わらず「皇恩」「仁慈」として、その後も政治利用された側面もある。
- Furthermore, without consideration of the Empress Teimei intentions, the Japanese government justified these types of activities (putting patients in quarantine) and continued to politically utilize her name as the 'Kouon (Emperor's kindness)'and 'Jinji (Emperor's benevolence).'
- 黒味を帯びた鉄釉が特色で、素朴でありながら繊細な意匠は遠州が掲げた「きれいさび」の精神が息づいている。
- It is characterized as black-tone tetsuyu (glaze containing iron) and its simple and delicate style embodies a sprit of 'Kirei sabi' (rich beauty and refined simplicity), which Enshu held up.
- しかし、その行動様式は侠客と呼ばれた無頼漢たちに、その美意識は歌舞伎という芸能の中に受け継がれていく。
- However, their form of behavior was inherited by delinquents called 'kyokaku,' while their aesthetic values were inherited by the Kabuki performance.
- 助六はもちろん応じず、意休(実は平家の残党・伊賀平内左衛門)を斬り、友切丸を取り返して吉原を抜け出す。
- Needless to say, Sukeroku does not accept his words, and kills Ikyu who is a survivor of the Taira clan, IGA no Heinaizaemon, in fact, and escapes from Yoshiwara with Tomokirimaru.
- そこに助六を情夫にしている花魁の揚巻(あげまき)と、揚巻に言い寄る髭の意休(ひげの いきゅう)が登場。
- Agemaki, a courtesan and the lover of Sukeroku, and magnificent beard Ikyu, who are making approaches to Agemaki, enter the stage.
- 鉄火は、鍛冶の鍛造の時の火花から、刀が鎬を削る時の火花や、火縄銃の銃口からの火花を意味するようなった。
- At first, tekka meant sparks generated from forging in smithery, then it came to mean sparks generated from swords in fierce fighting or sparks from a muzzle of matchlock gun.
- それと察した喜三郎は、以前八つ山下で拾った件の財布を見せ、大きな間違いになったらどうすると意見をする。
- Reading what Tatsugoro had in mind, Kisaburo showed the above-mentioned wallet to him and warned, 'What if something really bad happens to you?'
- 武田信玄の「甲州法度次第」の第20条に「天下戦国の上は、諸事をなげうち武具の用意肝要たるべし」とある。
- In Article 20 of 'Koshuhatto no shidai' (bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own territory) for the Koshu area) enforced by Shingen TAKEDA, it is set forth as 'Since the world is in the warring state, give priority to preparation of arms and armors to other matters.'
- 広義門院が上皇の役割を代行することは、事実上、広義門院が治天の君として院政を開始することを意味していた。
- Kogimonin's act for the Retired Emperor meant that she virtually would commence the cloistered government as Chiten no kimi.
- 膳氏との関連でも述べるように、志摩国と内膳司を支配していた高橋氏との間に特殊な関係を指摘する意見がある。
- As will be described in the section on 'The relationship with the Kashiwade clan,' there is an opinion that a special relationship existed with the Takahashi clan who dominated Shima Province and Naizenshi.
- 外見上は衣冠とほとんど同じであるが、「直(ただ)の衣」の意味より平常服とされ、色目・紋様も自由であった。
- The appearance the Noshi looked almost the same as Ikan (traditional formal court dress), but the original meaning of Noshi (simple clothing) was casual clothing and there were no restrictions in terms of its coloring and pattern.
- 国内でも同様の用例は見られるが、名指しは天皇に特別な敬意を示さない意思表示として受け取られる場合も多い。
- Similar examples can be seen even in Japan, but calling the emperor by a name without an honorific title can be often perceived as a declaration of intention that special respect is not paid to the emperor.
- ただし、上記の記事で倍増とされているのは、物流在庫などをまとめた「流通在庫」である点に注意が必要である。
- However, attention must be paid to the fact that the term of 'double' in the above articles is used for 'the dealer stock' totaling the amount of stock on the distribution routes and etc.
- 木遣り(きやり)、木を遣り渡す,回す(運ぶ、動かす)という意味、町火消に唄われる唄(作業唄)を唄うこと。
- Kiyari, which means carrying (transporting or moving) logs and lumber, refers to a song (a work song) sung by machihikeshi (fire brigade).
- いずれにしろ、風呂敷は、チャンバラ遊びにおいて正義の味方の表象であることが多く、特別な意味を持っている。
- In any way, wrapping cloth is a symbol of hero with special meaning in chanbara.
- このとき、助六に対し、曾我三兄弟で源頼朝を裏切れ、そのときは自分(意休)も力を貸す、と助六をそそのかす。
- Here, Ikyu tricks Sukeroku into betraying MINAMOTO no Yoritomo as three SOGA brothers, saying 'If you do that, I will support you.'
- 鉄火肌の女性や、鉄火伝法の男性を主人公としたものや、激しいといった意味や、博打打を主題とした邦画である。
- They were Japanese movies dealing with violence or gamblers, or they were movies featuring women of tekka hada or tekka denbo men as the main character.
- 実際、気象庁などの観測データによれば、この慣用句の意味するところが概ね的を射ていることは推測可能である。
- In fact, according to the observatory data by the Meteorological Agency, it is possible to deduce that what this idiom implies is, by and large, to the point.
- 従って、近現代の日本では一揆自体があたかも反乱、暴動を意味する語であるかのように誤解されるようになった。
- That is why, in modern Japan, ikki was eventually mistaken for a word meaning a revolt or a riot.
- 「問注」とは、訴訟等の当事者双方から審問・対決させること、あるいはその内容を文書記録することを意味する。
- The term 'Monchu' means to question both parties in connection to a case, to have them confront each other, and to record the details of the case.
- 語源については諸説あり、中に樺太アイヌのアイヌ語で「人」を意味する「encu」と同語源とするものもある。
- There are various theories as to the origin of the word, and one of them asserts that 'encu' (meaning 'person' in the Ainu language of the Sakhalin Ainu) is its origin.
- 君が代の歌詞が難解、雰囲気が陰鬱という点を取り上げて、君が代が好きになれないという意見を述べる者もいる。
- There are certain persons who state they cannot like Kimigayo because the words are difficult to understand and the atmosphere of the song is cheerless.
- 『占事略决』には、安倍家における家伝を背景に、目録的な意味合いで作成されたと考えられる記述が散見される。
- In 'Senji ryakketsu,' descriptions are seen here and there that seem to have been written with the intention of making a list, or something like it, of the oral tradition inherited in the Abe family.
- 秋田蘭画も南蘋派の影響を受けており、その意味からは和漢洋の折衷体から独自の境地を見い出した画派といえる。
- Akita Ranga was also influenced by the Nanbin School, meaning that it was a unique painting style created by mixing Japanese, Chinese and Western styles.
- 平安時代から「知行」の語が使用され始め、以降、各時代ごとに「知行」の意味する範囲は微妙に変化していった。
- Use of the term, chigyo, started during the Heian period, and the range of control indicated by 'chigyo' varied depending on each era.
- 不改常典が継承方法ではなく天皇のあり方を規定したものとするなら、前代の詔もこれら平安時代の詔も意味が通る。
- If Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is not formulated to rule imperial succession, but to advocate the ideal position of the emperors, the edicts of the former emperors as well as the edicts of these emperors in the Heian period would make sense.
- 譲られた神器は偽器であったとされ、皇位は、後に京を脱出した後醍醐が吉野で南朝を開いた事により無意味となる。
- It was said the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family were not real, his Imperial rank was cancelled since Emperor Godaigo, who escaped from Kyoto later, opened the Southern Court in Yoshino.
- 意富富杼王(おおほどのおおきみ、生没年不詳)は、『古事記』・「上宮記」に伝えられる古墳時代の皇族(王族)。
- Prince Ohodo (Ohodo no Okimi; his date of birth and death were unknown) appeared in the 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Joguki' (Record of the Crown Prince) as an Imperial family (royal family) during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 白雉4年(653年)に葛城皇子は天皇の意に反し、皇極や間人皇女の他、多くの官僚を率いて飛鳥に戻ってしまう。
- In 653 ignoring the Emperor Kotoku's opposition, Katsuragi no Miko moved back to Asuka taking Kogyoku, Hashihito no Himemiko and many government officials with him.
- この場合、やむを得ない特別の事由があるときは、本人の意思に関わらず、皇室会議の判断で、皇族の身分を離れる。
- In cases of compelling reasons, they will renounce their Imperial status through the discretion of the Imperial Household Council regardless of their own will.
- 女形が「やんや、やんや、」と褒めちぎり、助六は「どうでんすな。どうでんすな。」と得意満面で舞台中央に出る。
- The women in the quarters acclaim to him 'Wow. Wow.' and Sukeroku greets them saying 'How are you?' while swaggering into center stage.
- 朝比奈の衣装、得意な隈や「モサ言葉」とばれる科白は17世紀の歌舞伎役者初代中村傳九郎が考案したものである。
- Asahina's costumes and makeup as well as his special lines called 'Mosa kotoba' were originally the idea of Denkuro NAKAMURA the First, the Kabuki actor from the seventeenth century.
- ご飯が炊きあがったら、大きな鉢を用意し、ご飯、鮭(酢ごと)、ミョウガを交互に均等に混ざるように入れていく。
- When rice is cooked, prepare a big bowl and put rice, salmon (with vinegar) and Japanese ginger in it one after another to mix it evenly.
- 「花人」とはそもそも花に専従する有名作家らを指し、主に他者からの呼称に限られるべきであるという意見もある。
- Some people say that they should call themselves 'Kajin' only when people start to call them 'Kajin' because Kajin originally referred to famous artists dedicating themselves in arranging flowers.
- 隣家から華やかな清元が流れる中、幸兵衛は一家心中を決意するが、にこにこ笑う赤ん坊の姿に死ぬことが出来ない。
- While the glamorous sound of Kiyomoto is heard from a neighboring house, Kobei determines to commit family suicide, but cannot die because of the smiling baby.
- これを誠実な態度の表れとみる者もいるが、その部分に編者が故意に隠した事実があるのではないかと疑う者もいる。
- There are those who regard this as a manifestation of the sincere attitude but there are also those who have doubts that there are facts that were deliberately withheld by the compilers.
- 文禄の役の際に一気に平壌まで侵攻されたのはこの副使の報告に従い、なんら用意をしていなかったためともされる。
- In the Bunroku War, Korea was invaded up to Pyongyang, but it is said that this was because the Korean side made no preparation for the war based on the deputy head's opinion.
- 本来は非公式の会合であり、意思決定も統裁合議制に則って行われていたが、次第に実質上の政策決定期間となった。
- Originally these meetings were informal in nature, and although decisions were made in accordance with the tosai-gogisei (a system under which the role of members was merely to advise the single individual vested with final decision-making power), the Jin no Sadame gradually became a de facto institution for government policy-making.
- 重盛は鹿ケ谷事件で清盛に藤原成親の助命を頼んで聞き入れられず、政治への意欲を失い表舞台に出なくなっていた。
- Shigemori asked for the life of FUJIWARA no Narichika to be spared but was not heard, and he lost interest in politics consequently dissapearing from the center stage of politics.
- ただし、君が代の歌詞への反対意見や、教育現場での君が代斉唱反対運動は現在でも続き、賛否両論が対立している。
- However, there still exists pro and con opinions against the words of Kimigayo and opposition movements against the chorus reading of Kimigayo in the field of education.
- 佐平治は無腰の町人を手打ちにするのを不本意と考え、自らの脇差を相手に渡して果たし合いの形式をとろうとした。
- Saheiji was unwilling to kill the townsman without any arms, tried to fight like by dueling and giving him his short sword.
- 典薬寮医師という意味での御典医は、名誉職であった典薬頭を除き、実際に天皇の治療に携わる医師のことを指した。
- Goteni in the meaning of doctors of Tenyakuryo indicates, except Tenyaku no kami (the head of tenyakuryo) which was an honorary position, the doctors who were indeed engaged in treatment of emperors.
- 又中世の血族意識から起こった風俗であるので、主君のように血縁関係のない者について行われることは少なかった。
- Furthermore, since this custom arose out of the sense of blood ties in the medieval period, it was rarely carried out against someone who had no blood relationship, such as one's lord.
- 歴史学などの分野では日本固有の存在としての天皇を強調する意味でTennoやMikadoと呼ぶこともままある。
- In fields of history and others, there are some cases of mentioning Tenno or Mikado, to express Tenno as the being peculiar to Japan.
- 邦良親王の成長とともに皇統の再分裂を危惧した後宇多は、邦良親王を尊治親王の次の皇太子とする意思を明確にした。
- As Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi got older, Gouda became worried about the split of the imperial lineage again, thus announced that Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi would succeed Imperial Prince Takaharu as the next Crown Prince.
- これに対して姞子は亀山上皇を推挙する意向であると回答し、幕府はそれに従って亀山上皇に次の治天の君を要請した。
- Kitsushi answered; 'willing to recommend the Retired Emperor Kameyama' for this enquiry, so the Bakufu followed that advice and requested the Retired Emperor Kameyama to nominate the next Chiten no Kimi.
- その大意は「天皇(具体的には光仁天皇)が天日嗣高座の業を天智天皇の初め定める法に従って受けよと自分に命じた。
- Its outline is as follows: 'the emperor (Emperor Konin in concrete) ordered me to take the faculty of Imperial Sun Succession (Amatsuhitsugi) to the Imperial Throne (Takamikura) according to the law that Emperor Tenchi conceived and established for the first time.
- 崇光天皇系への皇統移行が現実となった今、自らの正統性を諡号によって示そうとした後小松の固い意志が感じ取れる。
- Although the family line of imperial succession changed to Emperor Suko's line, Emperor Gokomatsu showed his considerable will to justify his own imperial line by having this posthumous name.
- この天皇、稲目(いなめ)の大臣の女、意富藝多志比売(おほぎたしひめ)を娶して、生ませる御子、多米(ため)王。
- The Emperor married Princess Ohogitashi-hime, a daughter to O-omi (a minister) Iname, and had a son named Prince Tame no miko.
- 蘇我蝦夷は群臣にはかってその意見が田村皇子と山背大兄王に分かれていることを知り、田村皇子を立てて天皇にした。
- SOGA no Emishi came to know that the opinions of retainers or subjects were divided into two, Tamura no Miko and Yamashiro no Oe no O (Prince Yamashiro no oe), thus assigned Tamura no Miko to be the emperor.
- また、このどぶろく特区には課題があると考える人もおり、以下の理由から特区として未成熟であるという意見もある。
- Also, some people think that such special zones of Doburoku have problems and some say that the special zones of Doburoku are immature for the following reasons:
- 「ぼたもち」という言葉が使われることわざは多く、日本人の生活や意識に密着した食べ物であったことがうかがえる。
- There remain many proverbs related to botamochi, so botamochi is considered to have been a very familiar sweet for the Japanese.
- 連体形で文末を結ぶ「ぞ・なむ・や・か」の係結びは、連体形終止の一般化と共に意義を失い、形式も混乱していった。
- Linked forms in which the existence of 'zo, nam, ya, ka' caused the sentence to end with an attributive form became marginalized and disrupted in format, with the generalization of an attributive form being used as an end-form.
- 「竹を割ったよう」と同様な意味で、真っ直ぐで、男勝りなさっぱりとした主に女性の性格を現す言葉として使われた。
- Tekka hada is synonymous with 'Take wo watta yo' (straightforward), and was used as a word to express frank, manlike, and open-hearted female character.
- ただし国人・地侍等の既得権授益層の解体を意味するため、最終的に徹底しされるのは、豊臣秀吉の天下統一後である。
- However, as the measures meant to dissolve the classes such as kokujin (local lord) and jizamurai who had had vested interests, it was after the unification of the whole country by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI that heinobunri was thoroughly accomplished.
- ギリシャ建築風や鉄筋コンクリート造り、レンガ造りの洋風建築から旧来の神社風建築など、意匠を凝らした物が多い。
- Many of them were elaborately designed, ranging from the Hellenized architecture, the ferro-concrete buildings and the Western-style architecture built of brick to the conventional Shinto shrine-style architecture and others.
- 性信の没後に仁和寺寺務に就任し、ついで寛意から灌頂を受け、1098年(承徳2年)円宗寺検校・法勝寺検校となる。
- He was posted to Jimu (the representative of general affairs of the temple) after the death of Shoshin, and received kanjo (a ceremony similar to baptism) by a bonze Kani, and became kengyo (a post of supervisor of the office work at temples and shrines) of Enso-ji Temple and Hossho-ji Temple in 1098.
- 昭和天皇自身は退位の意向を示したが、かえって戦争責任を認めることになるとして周囲から強い反対があり、撤回した。
- Emperor Showa showed his intension to abdicate at first, but because of strong opposing opinions, which suggest that abdication would admit the responsibility of the war, withdrew his intention.
- だが、後世に後半の「母以子貴」の部分が強調されて、母親及びその親族に対する尊重の意味に捉えられるようになった。
- However, the later part of '母以子貴7 was emphasized later, and people understood it as respect for the mother and her relatives.
- 在位2年8ヶ月で祖父・後白河上皇の意向により、叔父の憲仁親王(後の高倉天皇)に譲位する(歴代最年少太上天皇)。
- After two years and eight months of being in power, the Emperor abdicated and passed the throne to his uncle, Imperial Prince Norihito (later called Emperor Takakura) as it was insisted upon by the retired Emperor Goshirakawa. (the youngest retired emperor in the history)
- 「雲隠れ」についても、現在では単に姿をくらますという意味合いで用いられるが、もともとはこれに由来する語である。
- The word 'Kumogakure' (hide behind the clouds) is now used to mean disappearance, but it is originally derived from this idea.
- しかし、野暮の意味するところは比較的共通理解があるといえる(具体的な内容についての見解の相違があるとしても)。
- However, the meaning of yabo is, relatively-speaking, commonly understood (even though there are different opinions on its specific connotations).
- その演者の得意な演目に際し、期待をこめて掛ける事が多い(『菅原伝授手習鑑・寺子屋』の「いろは送り」の前など)。
- At the performances in which the performers are good at, the audience does kakegoe with expectation; for example, at the opening of the song 'Iroha-okuri' of the scene 'Terakoya' of 'Sugawara-denju Tenarai-Kagami.'
- 一般的意味における問屋(とんや=卸売業)は自己の計算で商品を買い入れ、販売しているので、法律上の問屋ではない。
- Because Tonya (wholesale agents) according to the general meaning are purchasing and distributing according to their own decisions, they are not Toiya from a legal point of view.
- 律令によれば、政府の最終決定意思は、天皇が裁可した上で、詔勅または太政官符により表示することと規定されていた。
- According to the the Ritsuryo codes, the government's final decision was supposed to be issued as a form of Shochoku (emperor's rescript) or Daijokanpu (documents issued by Department of State).
- 次いで日向国椎葉山に拠った残党の追討に赴いたが、残党に戦意はなく農耕に励んだことから、追討をとりやめたという。
- Thereafter, he went to Mt. Shiiba in Hyuga Province in order to hunt down the remnants who took position there, but he eventually stopped hunting when he saw that they had no intention to fight and were striving at farm work.
- その一方で国文学界が鎌倉時代以後を本来は同じ意味である「中世」という語で表現する事に対して疑問も出されている。
- On the other hand, Japanese literature also uses the term 'chusei' to refer to the time period after the Kamakura period which has the same meaning as chuko, and the appropriateness of this practice has been questioned.
- またこれら海産物が豊富に捕れる地域の支配が、地域の権力者によって重要な政治的意味を持ったことは十分に想像できる。
- It was imaginable enough that dominating the areas that had abundant marine products had important political implications for the local authority.
- 2008年には明仁・皇后美智子の意向を受けて史上初めて、10月24日~27日という秋の時期に訪れることとなった。
- In 2008, upon request of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko the imperial family visited the Nasu Goyotei for the first time in autumn: October 24-27.
- しかし践祚していながら、孝謙天皇の意向によって長らく天皇のひとりと認められず、廃帝または淡路廃帝と呼ばれていた。
- However, although he ascended the throne, due to the wish of Empress Koken, he hadn't been admitted as an Emperor of Japan for a long time and called as Haitei (Dethroned Emperor) or Awaji Haitei (Deposed Emperor of Awaji).
- 日本では、敬意を示すものについてはっきりした言い方を持たない文化があり、当代の天皇の呼称もあまり発達しなかった。
- In Japanese culture, there is no specific name to indicate the persons to be treated with respect and thus the name for the present emperor has not been developed well.
- 「黒漆の太刀」と言った場合、刀身を含めた全体のことを言っているのであって、「黒漆を塗った太刀拵」の意味ではない。
- The expression 'kokushitsu-no-tachi' (black-lacquered sword) refers to the whole sword including the blade instead of 'black-lacquered sword mountings.'
- 一方、上方の和事を中心とした凝った筋書きの芝居の影響によって、隈取も荒々しいだけでなく色気を意識するようになる。
- On the other hand, Kumadori began to focus on allure by being influenced by play with a script that focused on love affairs of Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- 中村吉右衛門 (初代)、市川中車 (7代目)、松本幸四郎 (7代目)、松本白鸚 (初代)らが長兵衛を得意とした。
- Some actors such as Kichiemon NAKANURA (the first), Chusha ICHIKAWA (the seventh), Koshiro MATSUMOTO (the seventh), Hakuo MATSUMOTO (the first) are good at playing Chobei.
- しかし土地柄辰巳芸者のお得意客の多くは人情に厚い粋な職人達でその好みが辰巳芸者の身なりや考え方に反映されている。
- Most of the regular customers of Tatsumi Geisha were heartful and fashionable artisans who were typical in Fukagawa, so their tastes affected the style and manner of Tatsumi Geisha.
- 2時間半に及ぶ交渉を行ったが結局合意が得られず、同年度における吉田寮建て替え予算の提出は見送られることとなった。
- In spite of two and a half hours of negotiation, no agreements were reached and the submission of the budget for reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory in the academic year 2006 was not reached.
- 他の反対意見には、メロディが稚拙で、盛り上がりがなく歌いづらいなどといった純粋に音楽的点を取り上げたものがある。
- There is another opposing opinion that takes up a purely music-related point of view, such as the melody is primitive, and has no exciting elements and therefore it is difficult to sing, etc.
- 「堺銭」などのように、明や日本の贋金をあつめられる立場にあった者が他人に故意につかませる行為さえあったのである。
- Even the following instance occurred actually: Some persons in a position where false coins in the Ming Dynasty or Japan, for examples, Sakai-sen (coins cast in Sakai in the late 16th century) could be gathered and made into those coins possessed by other persons intentionally.
- これによって朝廷は租庸調に代わる安定した財源を確保する一方で、国司による恣意的な徴税に制約を加えることになった。
- This made it possible for the court to obtain a stable income instead of Soyocho and also prevent arbitrary taxation by Kokushi.
- そのため、継承原理を改変して女系継承を容認すべきとする意見もあったが、時間的余裕がでたのではないか、とされている。
- Therefore, there was an opinion that female-line succession should be approved by revising the principle of succession, however, there is still time to consider such issue.
- 崩御(ほうぎょ)は、天皇、皇帝、国王、太皇太后、皇太后、皇后、その他君主等の死を婉曲的に、かつ敬意を込めて指す語。
- Hogyo refers to the death of emperors, czar, kings, grand empress dowagers, empress dowagers, empresses, and other monarchs euphemistically and respectfully.
- 昭和天皇、今上天皇は祭祀が近づくと、正座してテレビを視聴するなど、意識的に長時間正座することを心がけているという。
- It is said that as a ritual approached, Emperor Showa intentionally sat in the seiza style for a long time, for example when he watched TV, and the present Empeor does the same thing.
- 和紙で作った服なので破れやすい、もしやぶれば勘当という意味である(助六の着る紙子は上方版助六を茶化したものある)。
- That is to say, as the paper kimono is fragile, it will break if Sukeroku fights again, and if it breaks, Manko will disown Sukeroku--This paper kimono is used to parody the Kamigata version of Sukeroku.
- 「見かけは華美だが中身を伴わないもの、形には似ているが全く違うもの」などの意味合いで比喩表現として使う場合がある。
- It is sometimes used as a figurative expression in the sense that 'it has no content though the appearance is glamorous or the forms are similar, but they are totally different.'
- ただし、当時すでに強固な主従関係が見られたわけではなく、流動的な側面を持つ主従関係だったことに注意する必要がある。
- Note, however, these subordinate-superior relationships were not necessarily rigidly established at that time; they seemed to also have flexible aspects.
- 『信長公記』によれば、この時期には既に義昭が信長に対し反抗する意思を有していたことは明白になっていたとされている。
- 'Shincho koki (Biography of Nobunaga ODA)' says that it had already become apparent that Yoshiaki showed a rebellious attitude toward Nobunaga.
- 文末に「仰旨如此」、「者依仰執達如件」、「由被仰下候」など、文意が主の意思である事を強調した文言が付けられている。
- At the end of one of these documents, a phrase emphasizing that a letter was written in accordance with the intention of a master was added, such as, 'The statements above were made by him/her.'
- しかし、後世の人々によって、延喜・天暦期の聖代視は意識的に喧伝されていき、平安後期には理想の政治像として定着した。
- However, the Engi and Tenryaku eras were consciously trumpeted by people of succeeding generations and they were firmly fixed as an ideal politic symbol in the latter half of the Heian period.
- 天皇は男性であるため、Her Majesty は原則として「皇后」を意味するが、略号は天皇と同じくH.M. である。
- Since Tenno is a male, her Majesty basically means 'Kogo,' but the abbreviation is also H.M., same as the Tenno.
- 文永4年(1267年)には皇后の腹に皇子の世仁親王(後宇多天皇)が生まれ、翌五年後嵯峨院の意向をもとにこれを立太子。
- In 1267 the Empress gave a birth to Imperial Prince Yohito (Emperor Gouda), and he became Crown Prince due to the Gosaga in's intention the following year.
- 掌典及び内掌典が御用を奉り、「忌火」(「神聖な火」の意味)が点され、掌典及び内掌典はそれを護り続けているといわれる。
- It is said that shoten and nai-shoten serve to take care of everything and they keep watching over a holy fire called 'imibi' after lighting it at this shrine.
- 後白河天皇の法住寺陵、後醍醐天皇の如意輪寺などのように近世にいたるまで管理され、伝えられたものはむしろ少数派である。
- Examples of mausoleums, such as Emperor Goshirakawa's Hoju-ji Mausoleum and Emperor Godaigo's mausoleum at Nyoirin-ji Temple, that were carefully maintained and passed down to succeeding generations until the Edo period are relatively rare.
- また、この天皇主権は究極のところ天皇の祖先である「皇祖皇宗」に主権があることを意味する「神勅主権」説とも捉えられた。
- In addition, the imperial sovereignty theory was also regarded as 'oracle sovereignty' theory which means that sovereign power resides with 'the Founders of the Imperial Family,' ancestor of the emperor ultimately.
- 夕霧は「砧などというものは身分の低いものが打つものですが、お心がなぐさむのでしたら、私が用意しましょう。」と言った。
- Yugiri says, 'The kinuta is pounded by people of low position, but if it calms you down, I will prepare one for you.'
- 海軍においては、儀杖的な意味合いが強く、昭和12年制定の太刀型軍刀は、黒漆塗りもしくは研出し鮫皮巻の鞘が用いられた。
- In navy, swords were more ceremonial, and the tachi-style army sword ordained in 1937 employed scabbards with a black-lacquered or scraped shark skin finish.
- しかし、源氏嫡流意識なるものは、この頼朝が武家の中での自己と自家の地位を特別視するために作り出したたものともいえる。
- However, it can be said that this idea of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan was created by Yoritomo in order to distinguish his status as well as his family status within the samurai families.
- 現在では十八代目中村勘三郎、中村吉右衛門 (2代目)、四代目坂田藤十郎、市川猿之助 (3代目)などが得意としている。
- Nowadays Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the eighteenth, Kichiemon NAKAMURA (the second), Tojuro SAKATA, the fourth, Ennosuke ICHIKAWA (the third), and others are good at it.
- 戦意を喪失し、無策の武将達に苛立った武時は、轟く雷鳴を聞いて森の老婆のことを思い出し、一人蜘蛛手の森へ馬を走らせる。
- Taketoki, frustrated with the commanders who lost their spirit and had no plan, remembered the old woman in the forest when roaring thunders called it back, and rode to Kumode no Mori alone.
- 脚本家と演出家が異なる場合、ト書きは本来演出家の担当である演出面に対して脚本家がある程度の指示をすることを意味する。
- If a playwright does not double as stage director, Togaki means a kind of direction by the playwright for staging, for which the stage director should be originally responsible.
- 「しころ囃子」と呼ばれる曲で、「ヒガシ」「キタ」に比べて、意識的に打つ(叩く)必要のある部分が長い構成になっている。
- It is a type of music called 'Shikoro-bayashi,' and the parts where the players need to drum 'consciously' are longer than those of 'Higashi' and 'Kita.'
- 江戸時代初期は、軍役を担う兵としての要素が強かったが、中期後期になると次第に官僚、役人としての意味合いが強くなった。
- Although they mainly served as soldiers playing military roles during the early Edo period, they gradually became bureaucrats and lost most of their military function during the mid-to-late Edo period.
- 突然の報に日本と韓国政府は驚きを見せたが、直前に島根県が制定した『竹島の日』への報復的な意味合いがあったと見られる。
- It was such a sudden announcement that both the Japanese and South Korean governments expressed surprise, and this act was viewed by some in Japan as retaliation for the establishment of 'Takeshima Day' in Shimane Prefecture, which happened just before the Korean proclamation.
- 民衆を意味する百姓は、『論語』・『易』など戦国時代_(中国)に現在の形に編集されたと推定される書物から、頻見される。
- The term 'hyakusho' that indicates common people is often found in books that are considered to be edited in the Zhanguo Dynasty (China) into the current form, such as 'Rongo Analects' and 'Eki' (I ching).
- 後深草院が出家の意向を示すと、幕府は持明院統の冷遇を危惧し、妥協案として後深草皇子熙仁親王(伏見天皇)の立太子を推進。
- The bakufu, concerned about the Jimyo-in Imperial line cold treatment of the Retired Emperor Gofukakusa when he made known his intention to become a priest, they recommended Gofukakusa's Prince, Imperial Prince Hirohito (the Emperor Fushimi) to become Crown Prince as a compromised proposal.
- 10世紀には貴族層の中でも天皇と強い姻戚関係を結んだ藤原氏(藤原北家)が政治意思決定の中心を占める摂関政治が成立した。
- During the tenth century, the regency of the Fujiwara clan (Fijiwara-Hokke, the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan) who had a strong matrimonial relationship with the Emperor, was established in the central position of decision making.
- 誕生後100~120日目に子の健やかな成長を願い、新しい椀や箸などの膳に小豆の御粥を用意し、それを子に食べさせる儀式。
- A ceremony of preparing rice porridge with adzuki beans on a tray with new bowls and chopsticks (hashi) and feeding the child with the porridge on the hundredth to the hundred-twentieth day from the birthday in prayer for healthy growth.
- 今上は、「いまのうへ」という大和言葉を漢字で書いたもので、漢語由来の「聖上」と同じように、現在の帝を意味する語である。
- Kinjo (今上) is the kanji (Chinese characters) representing 'imanoue' of yamato-kotoba (words of Japanese origin) and is the word meaning the current mikado (emperor) as with seijo (聖上) derived from kango (words of Chinese origin).
- 大宝律令において、天皇と並んで規定があり、天皇と同じように院宣を以て、その意向を政治的に汲み入れることが可能であった。
- In Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), there was a provision for Joko alongside that for Emperor which made it possible for Joko to incorporate his intent politically by means of inzen (a decree from In) just like Emperor.
- 歌詞の意味の明瞭な歌では、『落葉集』にある唐人踊の歌で、「いきにていきにてすいちやゑんちや(省略)」というものがある。
- A song for tojin-odori dance, 'いきにていきにてすいちやゑんちや (omitted)' compiled in 'Ochibashu' (a collection of popular songs in the middle of Edo period) is known as the one whose lyrics have the meaning.
- 文化の担い手としての天皇や公家は、この戦乱の時代には、文化の相伝に存在意義を見出すことを強いられ、自らも見出していた。
- Emperors and court nobles as supporters of culture were forced to find their significance of existence in handing down culture and they themselves did so.
- 比較的に史料の少ない時期の史料として注目されているが、随所に筆者の個人的な感慨や批評的言辞が多くその意味でも興味深い。
- The Shunki is gaining attention as a historical document for the period for which relatively few historical documents have been found, and, being full of the author's personal emotions and critical assertions, the diary is of great interest in this regard.
- 群盗の活動は9世紀を通じて活発化していき、朝廷は群盗鎮圧のために東国などへ軍事を得意とする貴族層を国司として派遣した。
- After robbery became more common in 9th century, the Imperial Court sent military aristocrats to Togoku (eastern part of Japan) as kokushi (provincial governors) to discourage such acts.
- また、主室に三幅対の掛軸を飾り、その前に三具足が置かれたこともあることから、実際に、方丈を意識してつくられたのだろう。
- In addition, Mitsugusoku (the incense, flower vase, and a candlestick placed offered for the Buddhist altar) was placed in front of the scroll of sanpukutsui (those that became a group with three objects) which was decorated in the main guest room and was probably created with a concern for directions.
- 歴史を取り扱ったテレビ番組で本来の意味での百姓身分を指す場合ですら '農民' という言葉に置き換えることが通例である。
- In TV programs taking up a historical issue, it is common to replace the term with 'peasant' even when the term indicates its original meaning which is the hyakusho rank.
- 一方でこれは、朝廷の力が低下して坂上田村麻呂の時代のように武力によって夷俘を制圧できなくなっていたことも意味していた。
- This, however, showed that the weakened Imperial Court could no longer forcibly subdue the Ifu as it could in the days of SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
- この結果、治天になれなければ、自らの子孫へ皇位継承できないことを意味しており、治天の座を獲得することは死活問題であった。
- As the result of this, it was necessary to become Chiten to pass the Imperial succession to his descendant, therefore it was a matter of life and death to obtain the position of Chiten.
- 京の南郊、岩清水をとおって、大物浦までの道行が謡われたあと、目的地の大物に到着、この地に住む漁師に宿と船の用意をたのむ。
- After a travel scene from the southern suburbs in Kyoto, they walk through Iwashimizu to Daimotsu-ura cove and arrive at their destination, Daimotsu-ura cove, and ask a fisherman who lives there to arrange accommodation and a boat for them.
- この意味より転じて、剣戟場面を中心とする時代物の小説や演劇・映画・テレビドラマ(時代劇)などの俗称・蔑称でも用いられる。
- Shifting from the original meaning, historical dramas in novels, theatrical performances, movies and TV series which feature swordplay scenes are called chanbara commonly or in derogatory tone.
- 気風がよくて情に厚く、芸は売っても色は売らない心意気が自慢という辰巳芸者は粋の権化として江戸で非常に人気があったという。
- The good-natured and heartful Tatsumi Geisha, who were proud of selling not their bodies but their skills, were immensely popular as a symbol of the spirit of Edo.
- そのため上司が上意討ちをする場合、まず討つ相手に脇差を持たせてけしかけ、刃向かわせてから即座に斬る、という場合もあった。
- When the superior conducted Joiuchi, he sometimes had his man have a short sword, instigated him, and immediately killed him using a blade.
- 詔書は天皇と公卿全員の意見の一致が必要であり、手続きが煩雑なため、即位、改元など儀式的な事項にのみ用いられるようになった。
- The imperial rescript required a consensus among the emperor and all the Court nobles, and because of its complex procedure, it was used only on the ritual events such as accession and kaigen (changing the name of an era).
- 昭和天皇の戦争責任についても追及すべきとの意見が強くあったが、アメリカの外交的策略により、占領当局は追及しないこととした。
- There were strong opinions to pursue the responsibility of the war for Emperor Showa, but because of America's diplomatic stratagem, the occupation authorities decided not to do so.
- 父・鳥羽がそれを知ったため、崇徳を「わが子にして祖父の息子(自分の叔父)」と言う意味で「叔父子(おじご)」と呼んだという。
- Once the father, Emperor Toba, learned of this, he called Emperor Sutoku 'Ojiko,' which means 'not my child but the grandfather's child.'
- その一方で、彼は絵画・建築・和歌など多岐にわたる芸術的才能に恵まれ、ユニークな発想に基づく創造はたびたび人の意表を突いた。
- On the other hand, he was talented in the arts such as paintings, architectures and making poems, etc., and people often were impressed by his creativity based on his unique ideas.
- 1683年には意中の皇位継承者であった朝仁親王(後の東山天皇)の立太子礼が行われ長く中断していた皇太子の称号を復活させた。
- In 1683 there was a ceremonial investiture of the crown prince, the Imperial Prince Asahito (later called Emperor Higashiyama), who was expected to ascend to the Imperial Throne; this brought back the title of Crown Prince, which had not been used for a long time.
- 満15歳以上の内親王・王・女王は、本人の意志に基づき、皇室会議の承認を経て、皇族の身分を離脱できる(皇室典範11条1項)。
- Based on their own will, Imperial Princesses, Princes, and Princesses who are over the age of 15 can renounce their Imperial status through the approval of the Imperial Household Council (Clause 1, Article 11 of the Imperial House Act).
- 』との反論、また「日本書紀」と指摘されているその他歴史書は編纂された時代も性質も異なる為、同一には扱えないとの意見もある。
- Some people have said that because 'Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)' and other indicated history books are edited in different years and they are different in character, they cannot be treated alike.'
- 統計作成の際に実施主体で独自の手法を用いる場合があるなど、汎用性が欠けており、地域間等の「横」の比較には注意が必要である。
- The data lack versatility as the statistics are sometimes taken in inconsistent methods, so you have to be careful when you compare regional statistics taken in different methods.
- 1936(昭和11)年日活製作の映画『赤西蠣太』では、原田甲斐役の片岡千恵蔵が、本作の刃傷の場を意識した乱闘を演じている。
- In 'Capricious Young Man' (Akanishi Kakita), a film produced by Nikkatsu Corporation in 1936, Chiezo KATAOKA playing Kai HARADA performed a battle scene influenced by the scene of Attack of this play.
- 番所や会所と融合したものを内床、橋のそばや辻で営業するものを出床、道具を持って得意先回りをするものは廻り髪結いと呼ばれた。
- Those who were integrated with bansho or kaisho (meeting place) were called Uchidoko, those who did their business near a bridge or on the street were called Dedoko, and those who visited customers with their tools were called Mawarikamiyui.
- 居合せた兄弟分の亀右衛門にも非難され、辛抱していた辰五郎だが、ついに以前から用意していた離縁状を逆に突き付け、心中を語る。
- Tatsugoro was also blamed by Kame-emon, a sworn brother who happened to be there; Tatsugoro, who tried to control his temper, lost his patience, and spoke his mind at last, bringing out a letter of divorce he had already prepared.
- 雑務とは文字どおり「その他もろもろの仕事・案件」を意味する言葉であり、所務に対する用語として使用された(所務沙汰も参照)。
- Zatsumu literally means 'miscellaneous business' and was used in contrast to Shomu (see shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues) for reference).
- 転封という概念が加わり、旧領や大名・旗本の先祖代々の土地に縛られず、幕府の意向により領国そのものを異動させる制度が出来た。
- Added to this was the conceptual system of forced relocation in which the Shogunate moved the territories of feudal lords at its discretion regardless of the former territories or ancestral lands of daimyo or hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- これは百姓=農民=田舎者=ダサい奴という図式での、格好を重視する不良やヤクザの間でのあまり深い意味のない単なる悪口である。
- This is mere vilification without any serious meaning among juvenile delinquents and mafia who valued appearance, in the picture that hyakusho = peasants = country fellows = unfashionable people.
- 永正6年(1509年)、細川澄元・三好之長が京侵攻を企てるが、細川高国・大内義興は協同して撃退(如意ケ嶽の戦い)している。
- In 1509, Sumimoto HOSOKAWA and Yukinaga MIYOSHI attempted to invade the capital, but Takakuni HOSOKAWA and Yoshioki OUCHI fought them off in a cooperative effort (The Battle of Nyoigatake).
- '百姓' という呼称は、用法において当該の主体が用いる場合と、第三者が用いることには全く意味が違うことに留意すべきである。
- It should be noted that the meaning of the term 'hyakusho' used by a person to refer to himself or herself is completely different from that used by a third party.
- 古代中国で北極星を意味し道教にも取り入れられた「天皇大帝」(てんおうだいてい)あるいは「扶桑大帝東皇父」から採ったという説。
- There is a theory stating that it was adopted from 'Teno daitei' or 'Fuso Taitei Tokofu,' which means the Polestar in ancient China and was also adopted into Taoism.
- これは当時の将軍・守邦親王と深草宮(煕明親王)が兄弟であったことによるものと考えられ、守良親王の本意ではなかったと思われる。
- It is thought this happened because the shogun of the time, Imperial Prince Morikuni and Fukakusanomiya (Imperial Prince Hiroaki) were brothers and the transfer was thought not to be the wish of Imperial Prince Moriyoshi.
- 孝明天皇の意を得て懐妊し、嘉永5年(1852年)9月22日、実家中山邸において皇子祐宮(さちのみや、のちの明治天皇)を産む。
- She was loved by the Emperor Komei and got pregnant, then on November 3, 1852 she gave birth to Prince Sachinomiya (later the Emperor Meiji) in her parents' home, the residence of Nakayama.
- 判官は薄れゆく意識の中で最後の力を振り絞り「この九寸五分は汝が形見。切って恨みを晴らせわやい」と由良之助に短刀を形見に渡す。
- Becoming unconscious, Hangan puts forth his final effort and hands his short sword to Yuranosuke saying, 'this is a keepsake from me. Use it to carry out my revenge.'
- 「いき」は現代ではしばしば拡大解釈されており、ファッション雑誌などに乱用されるように、正確な意味を把握していないことも多い。
- The meaning of 'iki' is often overinterpreted in the modern period, and it is often used without recognition of its precise meaning, like being abused in fashion magazines, etc.
- 出し物は『仮名手本忠臣蔵』三段目、『保名狂乱』、森鴎外『日蓮聖人辻説法』、岡本綺堂『天目山』などで、意外な好評を博している。
- The programs were 'the third Act of Kanadehon Chushingura', 'Yasuna Kyoran', and 'Nichiren Shonin Tsuji Seppo' by MORI Ogai, 'Tenmokuzan' by Kido OKAMOTO and so on, which gained unexpected popularity.
- 道玄役を得意とした尾上菊五郎 (6代目)は、一番の眼目を質屋の強請り場と位置づけ「道玄はここさえできたらよい」と言っていた。
- Kikugoro ONOE VI who considered the role of Dogen as his forte, regarded the scene of extortion at the pawnshop as the most essential part, and said 'The role of Dogen is complete if this scene is performed well.'
- 百錬鉄火 - 鎬を削るような厳しい訓練や戦闘の数々という意味で、軍国主義にあった時代に、百戦錬磨に掛けて使われた言葉である。
- Hyakuren Tekka - is a word that was used to describe various hard trainings and battles in which people engage with a fierce struggle, and it was used during the period of militarism, playing on words linked with hyakusen renma (experiencing various battles to become battle-wised).
- 国際競技大会でスポーツ選手の応援として自発的に『君が代』が歌われる光景については、強制していない面で問題視しない意見がある。
- There is an opinion that scenes in which 'Kimigayo' is sung voluntarily as encouragement for sports persons in international competition is not problematic because it is not done unurged.
- 寿永・治承の内乱から奥州合戦に至るまでの恩賞給与に当たっては、関東武士らの満足が得られるものとなるよう最深の注意を傾注した。
- He paid careful attention to ensure that Kanto samurai warriors were content with the rewards they received during the period between the Jisho-Juei Civil War and the Battle of Oshu.
- これらは、南北朝合一の約束であった両統迭立を死文化し、持明院統による皇位継承を既成事実化するための将軍足利義満の意向であった。
- This was planned by Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who tried to cancel the mutual agreement of Ryoto tetsuritsu between the Southern and the Northern Courts, and to make the Imperial succession of the Jimyoin Imperial line become an existing fact.
- 上方では、二つ玉の意味を二つ玉の強薬(つよぐすり)、すなわち「火薬が二倍使われている威力の強い玉」と解釈し、一発しか撃たない。
- In Kamigata, the meaning of 'futatsudama' is interpreted as 'futatsudama no tsuyogusuri,' which means 'a powerful bullet using double the amount of gunpowder,' and therefore, only a single bullet is fired.
- その際、上記の建て替え予算案を提出する用意があり、吉田寮が立て替えを受諾するか否か、その回答期限が10月23日であると告げる。
- In these meeting, they informed that the student center was prepared to submit the budget for reconstruction, and requested Yoshida dormitory to reply by October 23 whether or not it would accept the reconstruction.
- 後段に現れる「沙汰」の意味するところについては様々な議論があるが、佐藤進一が提示した「国衙在庁指揮権」とする見解が有力である。
- Although there are a lot of arguments about 'sata' which appears in the latter part, a view presented by Shinichi SATO that it means 'the right to command the local officials of kokuga' is most convincing.
- 儒教では、贅沢は君臣・尊卑の名 (倫理)と分 (倫理)からの逸脱を意味するとされ、社会秩序に対する重大な挑戦と考えられてきた。
- Confucianism has stated that luxury is against Mei (ethics) and Bun (ethics) of Kunshin Sonpi (knowing the difference between the ruler and the ruled or between the aristocrat and the plebeian) and is a great defiance against social order.
- これには自らの息子に皇位を継がせたい帝の意思と、それを利用して甥である道康を立太子させたい藤原良房の陰謀があったと言われている。
- It is said that this incident happened because the Emperor wanted his son to succeed the throne; on the other hand, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa used the Emperor's intentions and formed a plot against him in order that his nephew Michiyasu could succeed to the throne.
- (「君」とは)「日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴であり、その地位が主権の存する国民の総意に基づく天皇のことを指す」
- 'Accoding to the Constitution of Japan, 'Kimi' indicates the Emperor, who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, and whose position is derived from the consensus-based will of Japanese citizens, with whom sovereign power resides.'
- しかし、逆に言えば、そのような意見が出てくるということは、それだけ旧宮家復活には国民の支持を得ることが困難だということでもある。
- Conversely, however, the fact that such an opinion is presented also means that it is difficult to obtain public support for restoration of Miyake.
- 「天皇制」という用語は「君主制」を意味するドイツ語のMonarchieの和訳とされ、本来はマルクス主義者が使用した造語であった。
- The word 'Tennosei' was a translated term of the German word 'Monarchie' which means 'monarchy' in English and was originally a new word Marxists coined.
- その際、元弘の変に関与していない大覚寺統嫡流の邦良親王家との両統迭立を求める鎌倉幕府の意向によって康仁親王が皇太子に立てられた。
- On this occasion, Imperial Prince Yasuhito was installed as the Crown Prince by the intention of Kamakura bakufu who was demanding an alternate accedence from two ancestries of the Imperial Families including the family of Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi, the main branch of Daikakuji-to those who were not involved in the Genko Incident.
- 狭義では、日本の文化財保護法や地方公共団体の条例における文化財の種類のひとつで、音楽や工芸技術などの無形の文化的所産を意味する。
- In a narrow sense, it means intangible cultural products such as music and applied arts, which belong to one category of cultural properties specified by the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties of Japan or ordinances of local public bodies.
- 観客にわかりやすいよう、後の幕でだんまりに出た人物の人間関係が明らかになる場面が用意されており、これを「だんまりほどき」という。
- To make the story better understood by the audience, a scene to make the relationships between the characters on the danmari stage clear is provided for after the main curtain is closed.This scene is called 'danmari-hodoki' (literaly, unraveling the danmari).
- この軍制改革は、地方に権限を移譲するという意味で、まさに当時その緒についていた王朝国家体制への転換改革と軌を一にするものだった。
- In terms of transfer of rights to local governments, this military reform was the same as the reform, which was starting around that time, to shift the country to a dynasty-based nation.
- ただし、その罪の適用は格式によって拡大されてきたと考えられ、明法家の間でもその具体的な適用範囲などについては意見の相違があった。
- The application of the Charge of Ichoku is thought to have been expanded according to ranks, and there was a difference in opinions of lawyers about the actual scope of application.
- 日本固有の大和言葉では、 '天皇が慈しむべき天下の大いなる宝である万民' を意味する、 'おおみたから' の和訓がふられている。
- In yamato-kotoba, words of Japanese origin, the Japanese reading 'omitakara,' which indicates 'people who are great treasures of the country and should be cared for by an emperor,' is given.
- 神職身分を獲得したい百姓神主と百姓身分に留めたい村落側との意向が異なる場合があり、百姓神主と村落とが裁判を繰り返すこともあった。
- There were cases in which a hyakusho priest, who desired to obtain the Shinto priest rank, and a village, which desired to keep the hyakusho priest at the hyakusho rank, had different wishes and repeated trials.
- これらは、本来、農民による生産を促進・拡大を意図したものだったが、一方では、支配者にとって租税収入を確保するという側面もあった。
- These were originally intended to promote and enhance production of farmers, and also ensued tax collection for the rulers.
- また、細部において、和談自体の存在を否定する者、和談は実施されたが次代の皇太子については合意に達しなかったとする者が並立している。
- In addition, in details, some believe that the Compromise itself did not exist, and others believe that an agreement was not reached on the next heir to the throne despite negotiations.
- だが、平城天皇には既に高岳親王・阿保親王の両親王がいたことから、皇太弟擁立の背景には、亡父・桓武天皇の意向が働いたといわれている。
- However, Emperor Heizei already had Prince Takaoka and Prince Abo, so the means by which Emperor Saga became the second prince was that his deceased father, Emperor Kammu, had intended it.
- またそうした辛いときに両親である天皇皇后と別々に暮らさざるを得なかった体験が、後に子供たちを手元で育てることを決意させたともいう。
- Such painful experience that he had been obliged to live separately from his parents led him to make a resolution to keep his children at hand, it is believed.
- 皇族以外の女子で親王妃又は王妃となった者が、その夫を失って未亡人(寡婦)となったときは、本人の意思により、皇族の身分を離脱できる。
- When a woman not of Imperial background marries an Imperial Prince or Prince and is later widowed, she may, at her own will, renounce her Imperial status.
- また武家や商家などでは、贅沢の禁止と防火の意味から使用人には喫煙を禁止することもあり、誰もが煙草入れをぶら下げていたわけではない。
- In addition, some samurai families and mercantile houses banned their servants from smoking to prohibit luxury and prevent fires and therefore, not all the people hung tobacco pouches.
- その意味でも、中村鴈治郎 (2代目)と中村勘三郎 (17代目)は、丸本物狂言のコクと線の強さに色気を備え、八汐役者の双璧であった。
- In this sense, Ganjiro NAKAMURA (the second) and Kanzaburo NAKAMURA (the seventeenth) were two great actors for Yashio, for their dramatic acting typical to Maruhonmono play (Kabuki adaptation of Ningyo Joruri play), strength and charms.
- つまり、最初は武士のみならず、明法家などの他の中下級技能官人も「侍」とされたのであり、そこに武人を意味する要素はなかったのである。
- In other words, the word 'saburafu' originally included the nuance of not only 'bushi' but also other low- to middle-ranking ginou kanjin such as myoboke (legal experts), so it did not have the connotation of warrior or soldier.
- 大欽茂が唐との融和を図る時代になると軍事的な意味合いは薄れ、専ら文化交流と経済活動を中心とした使節へとその性格を変化させていった。
- When Kinmo DAI reconciled with the Tang Dynasty, envoys no longer implied military activities and were carried out for the sole purpose of cultural exchange and economic activities.
- このため簡単には斬れない事情を知っていた町民の中には、粋を衒ったり、度胸試しのために故意に武士を挑発する言動をする者もいたという。
- So, some townsmen who knew this situation, deliberately challenged warriors in order to try to act strong or play chicken.
- これに対して保則は出羽国の現状を報告して、寛大な政策をおこなって苛政によって逃亡した夷俘の還住を促すことこそ上策であると意見した。
- In response he reported on the status of Dewa Province and stated the opinion that it would be better to adopt a sympathetic policy to urge the Ifu, who had fled from their homes due to misrule, to return to their homes.
- この説が正しければ、白河院政に先立つ最初の院政ということもできるが、後三条は譲位後半年足らずで死去したのでその真意は謎のままである。
- If the theory is correct, it can be regarded as the first Insei preceding the Shirakawa Insei (ruled by the retired Emperor Shirakawa), but since Gosanjo had passed away in less than a half year after abdication, his real intention remains a mystery.
- 系譜の直系のみを示せば、「凡牟都和希王 ― 若野毛二俣王 ― 大郎子(意富富等王) ― 乎非王 ― 斯王 ― 乎富等大公王」となる。
- If we trace only the direct lines of genealogy for Prince Oi from the Joguki, it could be written this way: 'Homutawake no Miko –Wakanuke futamata no Miko – Oiratsuko (Ohodo no Okimi)– Oi no Okimi – Ushi no Okimi – Odo no Okimi.'
- 打ち破って通ろうという強硬な意見に、弁慶は「この関を打ち破るのは簡単だが、のちの行程を考えて今は事をおこさないのが上策」と進言する。
- Against a strong opinion to break it through, Benkei advises, 'Though it is easy to break through this barrier, it is best not to make a scene now, thinking about the further travel.'
- 都の僧は礼をいい、さきほどの漁師はなにものだったのだろうかと問うと、所の者は義経の霊ではないかと答え、宿を用意するといって退場する。
- As the monk thanks him and asks who the fisherman was, Tokoro no mono answers that it might have been a ghost of Yoshitsune, and he leaves the scene saying that he is going to prepare some accommodation for the monk.
- この見解は中国絵画史に大きな影響を与えたが、董其昌の主張は対立する北宗画を攻撃する狙いもあり、その理論の組み立ては恣意的な点が多い。
- His opinion made a great influence on the history of Chinese paintings, but his theory was structured on much arbitrariness, for Dong Qichang's claims were also aimed to attack the Hokusoga that stood in opposition.
- そこへ白酒_(日本酒)売に身をやつした兄の曾我祐成がやってきて弟に意見するが、助六の真意を知った十郎は自らも喧嘩を売る稽古を始める。
- There, SOGA no Sukenari, an older brother of Sukeroku under the guise of a sake-seller, enters and scolds Sukeroku, but once he understands Sukeroku's intention, he begins to learn to provoke quarrels.
- 関係者から意見を聞いて現地調査を行い加賀鳶の扮装を再現したり、古道具屋でくたびれた羊羹色の羽織を購入し道玄の衣装とするほどであった。
- He had recreated the fashion of Kagatobi through making field trips by asking opinions of those who were concerned, and went so far as to purchase yokan colored (color of faded black mixed with red) haori (a Japanese half-coat) to make it into Dogen's costume.
- 狭義では、日本の文化財保護法や地方公共団体の条例における文化財の種類のひとつで、建造物や美術工芸品などの有形の文化的所産を意味する。
- In a narrow sense, they are a type of cultural properties stipulated in the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and ordinances of the local public entities, and it refers to cultural products with a tangible form including buildings and other structures, and works of fine arts and crafts.
- 平安時代後期に院政が始まると、治天の君(院政を行う上皇)は、院宣や院庁下文を発給することで、自らの政治意思を明示・具現化していった。
- As the system of Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) was enforced in the late Heian period, Chiten no kimi (the Retired Emperor in power) used inzen and innocho kudashibumi to strongly express and achieve his political intentions.
- 戦史編纂研究所の分析は、世宗実録の敗戦記述を無視して偽使者の言葉のみを取り上げており、意図的に史料を歪曲して解釈している疑いがある。
- But the analysis conducted by the research center that compiles Korean military annals ignores the entry in the True Record of King Sejong's Reign that describes the expedition as a military defeat, focusing exclusively on the words of a man who claimed to be an emissary, leading to doubts about whether they intentionally distorted historical records to support their explanation.
- その意味で信憑性の程度や事実の如何はともかくとしても、歴史学的に客観的な検証能力を有するものは著しく少ないのが実情であるといえよう。
- In this sense, setting aside the question of the degree of credibility or the existence of facts, there are few legends that can be verified objectively from the historical viewpoint.
- 現状のままではいずれの宮家も近い将来に断絶してしまうことになり、皇位の補間としての宮家の立場から、宮家の存続をめぐり様々な意見がある。
- If the current situation continues, all the Miyake may discontinue in near future, there are various opinions for Miyake to survive in the view of interpolating the Imperial throne.
- 国民の間での知名度もきわめて低く、皇位継承者としての正統性の確立が見込まれないことから、この意見は現実的な解決策とはみなされていない。
- Therefore, this has not been seen as a viable solution as Kobetsu Sekke is extremely little known amongst the public, and it is not regarded as legitimate that Kobetsu Sekke succeed to the Imperial Throne.
- 次節でみるように、天皇機関説においても、国家意思終局的決定権の意味での主権は天皇にあると考えられており、天皇の権限は否定されていない。
- As it is mentioned in the next clause, even in the Emperor Organ Theory, it is considered that the emperor has sovereign power with reference to a right to make a final decision on state's intentions, and the emperor's authority hasn't been denied.
- 神仏分離令は仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが、これをきっかけに全国各地で廃仏毀釈運動がおこり、各地の寺院や仏具の破壊が行なわれた。
- Although the Edict for Separation of Shinto and Buddhism was not issued for the purpose to exclude Buddhism from the country, it triggered a nationwide anti-Buddhism campaign, and people destroyed temples and Buddhist altar fittings across the country.
- しかし、室町時代後半になると管領などが発給する御教書が減少するかわりに御内書が増大し、将軍の意思を直接通達する書状として公文書化する。
- During the late Muromachi period, however, Gonaisho were increasingly issued in place of Migyosho issued by kanrei (shogunal deputy), and its nature became more of a quasi-official document used by the shogun to directly inform people of his intentions.
- そのため、彼らは婚姻を通して複雑なネットワークを形成し、国司の施策が自らの意向にそぐわなければ、国司へ反抗することもしばしば見られた。
- Thus, they formed complicated networks through marriage and if the measures and policies by kokushi were inappropriate for their interests, they often resisted kokushi.
- こうした流れの中で、南北朝時代 (日本)より以降、畿内やその周辺地域において、自治権と連帯意識を高めた百姓らによる惣村が成立していく。
- With this background, beginning in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) was formed by the peasants who had developed their autonomy and sense of solidarity.
- これに対しては、「皇位は法である」とはそもそも文意不明であり、ここに特別な意味を読み込むのではなく、形骸化をみるべきだという批判がある。
- Toward this, there is a criticism arguing that the phrase 'the Imperial Throne is a law instituted by Tenchi' is nonsensical, and special meaning should not be given to this part, but a dead letter process of the code is seen.
- この点について「君臨すれども統治せず」という原則をとる現代の日本やイギリスなどの君主と実態においては近しい存在であったという意見もある。
- On this point, there is an opinion insisting that in fact, the Emperor was similar to those in present day Japan and Great Britain, which holds the principle that 'he reigns, but doesn't govern.'
- For this point, some say that the Emperor was, in reality, in a similar position to the monarchs of current Japan and the United Kingdom with the base of 'reigns but doesn't govern'.
- 後陽成天皇はかねてから豊臣秀吉の意向で立てられた儲君・第1皇子良仁親王(覚深法親王)を廃して、自らの手で次期天皇を決める事を望んでいた。
- Emperor Goyozei wanted to get rid of the crown prince (the first prince), Imperial Prince Katahito (monk-Prince Kakushin), who had been appointed according to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's disposition, and wanted to make his own decision as to who should be the next Emperor.
- 後白河院と平氏の圧力に悩まされ続けた天皇とされてきたが、近年の研究では平氏一門と組んで政治を押し進める意図を持っていたとの説も出ている。
- It is said the Emperor came under pressure from both Goshirakawa-in and the Taira clan, however according to recent studies, a theory developed that he had the intention to rule the government together with the Taira clan.
- 即位当初は政治に意欲的に取り組み、官司の統廃合や年中行事の停止、中・下級官人の待遇改善など政治・経済の立て直しを行い、民力休養に努めた。
- In the early stage of his reign, he dealt aggressively with politics, trying to combine or remove officials, stopping annual events or improving working conditions for middle- and low-class officials in order to restore the politics and finances as a means to ease ordinary people.
- 親王の誕生前年、父である崇徳天皇は院政を行う鳥羽上皇の強い意向によって異母弟・体仁親王(後の近衛天皇)を皇太弟に立てることを強要される。
- A year earlier before the Imperial Prince was born, his father, the Emperor Sutoku was forced by the Retired Emperor Toba who was executing Insei (rule by the retired emperor) to accept his half brother, Imperial Prince Narihito (future Emperor Konoe) as a younger brother of the Emperor who was heir apparent.
- だが、蝦夷から山背大兄王に対して自重を求める意見をされたこともあって皇位は田村皇子が継承することとなり、629年に即位(舒明天皇)する。
- However, since Emishi called for prudence by Prince Yamashiro no oe, Prince Tamura (Emperor Jomei) inherited the throne.
- 古事記によれば大変に美しい女性であったため、その美しさが衣を通してあらわれるようだ、という意味を込めて衣通姫(そとおりひめ)と呼ばれた。
- According to the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), she was such a beautiful woman that she was called Sotoorihime, by which it was meant that her beauty appeared as if it could penetrate her clothes.
- 当時政権の座にあった左大臣藤原道長は、複雑な背景を有する昭登らへの宣下に消極的であったものの花山法皇の意向を受けてやむなく従ったという。
- It is told that FUJIWARA no Michinaga, a Sadaijin (minister of the left) who gained supremacy in the administration, had a negative stance about giving the title to Akinari and Kiyohito due to their complicated background, but reluctantly followed Emperor Kazan's wish.
- 当時を知る職人にうかがうと、「あらかじめダミーの米を入れる袋を用意して店頭に置き、取り締まりを逃れて営業したこともある」とのことだった。
- A sushi chef who knows the situation of that time said, 'We sometimes placed in the front of my shop a bag in which dummy rice was put to avoid prosecution.'
- 助六は、早くうどん屋を通してあげないと、うどんが延びるではないかとくわんぺら門兵衛に注意をするが、くわんぺら門兵衛はうどん屋を許さない。
- Sukeroku warns Monbei 'Let the noodle vendor go, or the noodles will softened and lose their taste,' but Monbei does not forgive the noodle vendor.
- つまり家督の近親者としての敬意を払う対象ではあるが、将来的には家督を相続する立場にないため、必ずしも忠誠を尽す対象ではない者を指した語。
- That is to say, he was supposed to be respected as the brother of the future head of the family, but was not necessarily a person the feudatories were loyal to, as he would not inherit his father's property.
- 語源は、一説には、「曝れる(しゃれる)」、つまり「曝される(さらされる)」の意味で、曝されて余分なものがなくなったということからという。
- A theory has it that the origin of the word comes from 'shareru,' which means 'exposed' ('sarasareru'), and it described the state in which someone/something achieved to be without an excess through exposure.
- その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
- In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
- なお、真弓常忠は先述の「塞の神」について、本来は「サヒ(鉄)の神」の意味だったと述べていて、「塞の神」と製鉄の神がここで結びついてくる。
- Tsunetada MAYUMI explains that the aforementioned 'sae no kami' originally meant 'Sahi (iron) no kami' and here 'sae no kami' and the god of iron production is linked.
- 当初、受領たちは東北制圧戦争に伴って各地に捕囚として抑留された蝦夷集団、すなわち俘囚を騎馬襲撃戦を得意とする私兵として鎮圧に当たらせた。
- The Ezo (northerners) group, that is, barbarians, who were in custody as prisoners in each region after the war for conquest of the north-east region, were first made by zuryos to be the private armies who were in charge of suppression and good at cavalry attack.
- そして頼朝が、ある意味勝手に「本領安堵」の下文(くだしぶみ)を出すだけで、それを御恩と奉公ほど、彼らの所領は危ういものであったと言える。
- In addition, their estates became vulnerable as favor and service when Yoritomo submitted the 'honryo-ando' kudashibumi (edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document) almost without consent.
- もう1つは、中世史料を詳細に検討した結果、進止の語が土地支配を意味するのに対し、知行の語は土地からの収益処分を指すものとした見解である。
- The other is as follows; As a result of detailed investigations of historical materials concerning the medieval period, it is considered that the term of shinshi indicated land control, but that of chigyo the right of obtaining profits from land.
- 孝明天皇は攘夷の意思が激しく、妹・和宮親子内親王を第14代征夷大将軍・徳川家茂に嫁がせるなど、公武合体運動を推進し、あくまで鎖国を望んだ。
- Emperor Komei was a strong believer of exclusionism, he let his younger sister Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako marry to the fourteenth Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Iemochi TOKUGAWA, and he encouraged the movement of the union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, he strongly wished isolation for the country.
- 当時、民間には、天皇をめぐる各種の意見が生じたが、戦前、皇国史観のために被害を受けた津田左右吉なども天皇自体の存在は否定しないと言明した。
- Various opinions about the Emperor arose in between the people at that time, and even Sokichi TSUDA and others, who had suffered from Kokoku Shikan (Imperial view of Japanese history), declared not to deny the existence of the Emperor.
- 天皇自身、占星を得意としたのに加え、当時陰陽道などが律令国家である唐や新羅で盛んに行われたのが影響もしてか占星台や陰陽寮も設置させている。
- Senseidai (astrology station) and Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) were established probably because the Emperor was good at Astrology, or they were influenced by the nations under the Ritsuryo codes like Tang and Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom), in which Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) was popular.
- 明治天皇の在位中は天長節だった日付が、名君とされ近代日本の礎を築いた明治天皇の御聖徳を偲び「國民の與論・總意として」制定されたものである。
- This day used to be called Tencho-setsu during Emperor Meiji's reign, and the anniversary called Meiji-setsu was established according to public opinion and consensus in memory of Emperor Meiji, who was regarded as a great ruler who laid the foundations for modern Japan.
- 皇族の身分を離れた親王・王の子孫で他の皇族と結婚した女子が、その夫を失って未亡人となったときは、本人の意思により、皇族の身分を離脱できる。
- When a female descendant of an Imperial Prince or Prince who has renounced his Imperial status marries a member of the Imperial family and is later widowed, she may, at her own will, renounce her Imperial status.
- 思い余ったお辰は傍にあった焼き鏝を己の頬にあて、「これでも思案のほかという字の色気がありんすか」と自身の美貌を醜くしてまでの心意気を示す。
- Otatsu was at a loss and put an iron beside her on her cheek and showed her spirit even by losing her beauty as 'Do you think I'm still beautiful?'
- これら皿などの食器を手に持たない文化圏では、日本人が不用意に食器を持って口元に近づけると、マナーに反することにもなるので注意が必要である。
- In cultural areas where people don't hold dishes such as plates, Japanese people have to be careful that if they hold eating utensils carelessly and bring them closer to their mouths, that is against good manners.
- 1426年、対馬の有力者早田氏が慶尚道全域で任意に交易できるよう要求したのに対し、拒絶する代償として塩浦(蔚山広域市)を入港場に追加した。
- In 1426, when a local magnate in Tsushima called the Soda clan requested free trade everywhere in Gyeongsang Province, the Dynasty rejected their request but in return they granted the clan additional permission of entry to the Enbo, a port located in Ulsan Metropolitan City.
- 当時朝鮮貿易に大きな利権を持っていた対馬の早田左衛門太郎は1426年、慶尚左右道各地で任意に交易できるようにして欲しいと朝鮮政府に訴えた。
- In 1426, Saemontaro SODA from Tsushima, who had great interests in the foreign trade of Korea at that time, pleaded to the Korean Government for free trade at any place in left and right sided provinces of Gyeongsang.
- 「サブラフ」は「侍」の訓としても使用されていることからもわかるように、平安時代にはもっぱら貴人の側にお仕えするという意味で使用されていた。
- 'mandafu' was used to read the character '侍,' indicating that it was used as a word to indicate service to a nobleman.
- その後、11世紀~13世紀ごろに荘園公領制が成立すると、荘園や国衙領の除田(じょでん、免税田を意味する)の一つとして寺田が位置づけられた。
- Around the eleventh to the thirteenth century when shoen koryo sei (the system of public land and private estates) was established, jiden fields were dealt with in the same way as that for joden fields (fields for which tax was exempted) of manors or Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government offices).
- また、この元明天皇の前例に則り、仮に女性皇族が即位しても夫が皇統に属する男系男子の旧皇族(旧宮家)であれば男系が維持されるという意見もある。
- In addition, there is an opinion that based on the precedent of Emperor Genmei, the male-line is maintained even if a female member of Imperial Family ascends to the throne as long as her husband is an old imperial family member from the imperial male-line.
- 皇族の身分に関する事柄は天皇の大権事項であるから、この準則が存在したとしても、天皇の意思があれば例外をつくることは可能であったと考えられる。
- Since the matters in relation to Imperial rank was under Emperor Taikenjiko's control (Emperor has right to control), even if this regulation existed, it was possible for the Emperor to make an exception if he wished to do so.
- また、この場合、やむを得ない特別の事由があるときは、本人の意思に関わらず、皇室会議の判断で、皇族の身分を離れる(皇室典範14条1, 2項)。
- Furthermore, in cases of compelling reasons, they will renounce their Imperial status regardless of their own will through the discretion of the Imperial Household Council (Clause 2, Article 14 of the Imperial House Act).
- ただ、行事等の機会に通常食べることのできない貴重な食品を食べるのは、単なる贅沢というだけではなく、栄養補給の機会を設けるという意味もあった。
- However, eating a valuable food which is not to be served ordinarily, on a special occasion like an event was not only simply luxurious but meant an opportunity of supplying necessary nutritious.
- 仲の悪い家の恋人たちが死によって結ばれる筋は、ウィリアム・シェイクスピアの『ロミオとジュリエット』に酷似しており、影響を指摘する意見もある。
- The story that the lovers whose families are enemies are united by death is very similar to 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare.
- 主役が狐ということもあり、武士から狐への早変り・欄干渡り・宙乗り・意表をついた忠信狐の出現など、ケレンと呼ばれる派手な演出で観客を驚かせる。
- Partly due to the fact that the main character is a fox, this section startles audiences by glaring staging called keren (playing to the gallery) such as quick change from a samurai to fox, walking on a parapet, a midair stunt (kabuki staging technique) and a sudden appearance of Tadanobu KITSUNE.
- 「大正ロマン」は、新しい時代の萌芽を示す意味合いから、モダニズム(近代化)から派生した「大正モダン」ということばと同列に扱われることもある。
- The term 'Taisho Roman' is thought to mean an early sign of a new era, and sometimes used together with 'Taisho Modern,' derived from modernization.
- その後、11世紀から13世紀ごろに荘園公領制が成立すると、荘園や国衙領の除田(じょでん、免税田を意味する)の一つとして神田が位置づけられた。
- After that, from the 11th century through the 13th century with the establishment of the Shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates), Shinden was positioned as one of Joden (tax-exempted rice fields) of Shoen or Kokuga (local government office)
- 反対の立場からは、歌詞は天皇崇拝の意味合いが強く(君=天皇)、軍国主義を象徴しており、君主制ではない日本にはふさわしくないとする意見がある。
- From the opposing standpoints, there is the opinion that the words have too strong a shade of meaning of worshiping the emperor ('kimi' = the emperor) and it symbolizes militarism and, therefore, it is not fit to Japan which is not a monarchy.
- 土一揆は、惣村の生活が困窮したために発生したというよりも、自治意識の高まった惣村が、主張すべき権利を要求したために発生したと考えた方がよい。
- It should be considered that the peasants' uprisings took place because the soson, which had enhanced their awareness of autonomy, insisted on their rights, not because people in the soson had become poor.
- 官職に就くことは、その官職に付随する収益権を得ることも意味しており、官職に就いた家系の長(家督者)は、収益を一族へ配分する権限・義務を持った。
- To succeed the official government position means to have the right to receive profit that came with the position, the head of the family of the official government position had a right and a duty to contribute the profit to the family.
- 後嵯峨は治天下の指名を幕府に求める遺勅を残していたとされ、幕府は後嵯峨の内意を問い、大宮院の内意が亀山であったとする証言から亀山親政と定まる。
- It is said Gosaga left his will asking the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun) to appoint the successor to rule the cloistered government, after the government asked Omiyain about who Gosaga's intended to succeed she named Emperor Kameyama, thus it was decided that Emperor Kameyama was to rule the direct government.
- 成り立ちは、幕末~明治初期、薩長の田舎侍が我が物顔で江戸を闊歩していることが気に食わず、江戸っ子の心意気を誇張して魅せるために作ったとされる。
- It is said that the story was created to express the sprit of a native of Edo in an exaggerated way as the author didn't like country samurai from Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain), who walked around like they owned the world, from the end of Edo period through until the early Meiji period.
- ガタは「方」つまり、能におけるシテ方、ワキ方などと同様、職掌、職責、職分の意を持つものであるから、原義からすれば「女方」との表記がふさわしい。
- The Chinese character, '方' means one's duty, responsibility, and role, as in shite-gata (方), waki-gata (方) of Noh play, therefore, it should be represented by `onnagata (方)' based on the original meaning.'
- したがって、これを継ぐものが「河内源氏」(そのような用語は当時見られないが)や、まして清和源氏の当主であるという意味合いがあったわけではない。
- Therefore, there was no implication that the owner of this item was the head of 'Kawachi Genji' (such a term did not exist back then), let alone Seiwa Genji.
- むしろ撰銭を「制限」する一方で、混入比率や交換比率など、一定の撰銭行為を「公認した」という面に注目すべきだという意見が、今日では強まっている。
- Rather, the following opinion has been gaining strength today: The erizeni act was restricted actually, but more attention should be paid to the aspect that certain erizeni acts were 'officially permitted,' for example, through the use of a mixing ratio or of an exchanging ratio.
- 征夷大将軍源実朝が暗殺された直後、鎌倉幕府から親王を次期将軍に迎えたいとする要請が出されるが、鎌倉幕府打倒を決意していた後鳥羽上皇に拒絶される。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) made a request of inviting the Imperial Prince as the next Shogun immediately after the assassination of Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, but the retired Emperor Gotoba, who decided to defeat the Kamakura bakufu, rejected the request.
- 家康は徳川家を天皇外戚とするべく皇子誕生の期待を持って和子を宮中に送り込んだ意図があったと考えられているが、出生した2皇子はすべて早世している。
- It is said that Ieyasu sent his daughter, Kazuko to the Imperial Palace because he wished Kazuko to give birth to a Prince for the Tokugawa family to become maternal relatives of the Emperor, however both Princes who were born died young.
- 劇の宣伝文である「語り」には「豐國漫畫姿其儘歌舞伎仕組義賊傳」(大意:豊国の下絵に描かれた姿をそのまま歌舞伎に仕立て上げた義賊伝である)とある。
- Talking' which was an advertising statement of play had a phrase meaning that 'this was a story about chivalrous robber which was shaped into Kabuki as shown in Toyokuni's preliminary sketch.
- 当たり祝いの通知はあらかじめ当たる何日大当たり振る舞いするから、打ち出し(1日の興行のおわり)後、おのこりくださるべしという意の貼りだしをした。
- A notiication of a full house feast was posted on a bill a few days ahead of it, announcing the date of the feast and asking the performers to remain after 'uchidashi' (the end of the day's show).
- 士族への秩禄支給は大きな財政負担となっており、国民軍の創設などにおいても封建的特権意識が弊害となっていたため、士族身分の解体は政治課題であった。
- Because the supply of chitsuroku (hereditary stipend) to the warrior class was a serious financial burden, and a sense of feudalistic entitlement was detrimental to the establishment of the national army, the disorganization of the warrior class was a political issue.
- 水軍を用意できなかった新田軍は、本陣を二本松(和田岬と会下山の中間)に置き、和田岬にも脇屋義助・大館氏明などの軍勢を配置して水軍の上陸に備えた。
- Nitta's army was unable to raise a navy, so established its headquarters in Nihonmatsu (between Wadamisaki and Egenoyama) and also deployed the forces of Yoshisuke WAKIYA and Ujiaki ODACHI in Wadamisaki in preparation for the naval landing.
- 蝦夷に統一アイデンティティーは無かったと解するか、日本との交渉の中で民族意識が形成されたであろうと想定するかは、研究者の間で意見が分かれている。
- Opinions are varied among researchers regarding the interpretation of whether the Emishi lacked a unified identity or if their ethnic consciousness was formed while they were negotiating with Japan.
- 古今和歌集に限らず、勅撰集に収められた賀歌についてみるならば、「君」の意味するところは、時代がくだるにつれ天皇である場合がほとんどとなってくる。
- Not limited to Kokin-Wakashu, if we look at gaka adopted for Chokusenshu (anthology of poems collected by Imperial command), the word 'kimi' means the emperor in most cases, in more recent years.
- しかしながら近年の研究によると、この和談の実態は従来の理解とは異なり、合意に達しない単なる話し合いの場であったとする見解が極めて有力となっている。
- According to the recent study, however, the conventional understanding for this comprise was far from what the practical comprise was, and it is a prevailing opinion that an agreement was not reached in the Bunpo Compromise and it was just a meeting.
- このため、征夷大将軍を解任され、建武 (日本)元年(1334年)冬、皇位簒奪を企てたとして、後醍醐の意を受けた名和長年、結城親光らに捕らえられた。
- For this reason, he was dismissed from seii taishogun, and was captured by Nagatoshi NAWA and Chikamitsu YUKI in the winter of 1334, for his plot to deprive the imperial throne along with the intentions of Emperor Godaigo.
- 意富富杼王自身の詳しい事績は伝わらないが、『古事記』には息長坂君(息長君・坂田君か)・酒人君・三国君・筑紫米多君(めたのきみ)などの祖としている。
- There was a lack of episodes of achievement and recorded written events on Prince Ohodo; he was described as an ancestor of: Okinaga no Saka no Kimi (a possibly combined two names: Okinaga no Kimi and Sakata no Kimi), Sakahito no Kimi, Mikuni no Kimi, Tsukushinometa no Kimi, and others in the Kojiki.
- 『古事記』によると、顕宗天皇の父(市辺押磐皇子)の仇討ちをすべく、意祁命(後の仁賢天皇)自ら雄略天皇陵の墳丘の一部を小規模ながら破壊した、とある。
- According to the Kojiki, Oke no mikoto (later the Emperor Ninken) himself destroyed a part of the tumulus of the Emperor Yuryaku in order to inflict vengeance for the father of the Emperor Kenzo (Prince Ichihe no Oshihano).
- 父とは打って変わって二代目は立役を得意とした立役で、その豪快な五右衛門は一躍彼の当たり役となり、『山門』以外の演目でも五右衛門を何度も演じている。
- Unlike his father, Hinasuke excelled at acting as 'tachi-yaku' (male part); he was successful in the role of Goemon and he also played Goemon on other programs many times.
- 崩御後、北朝では崇徳院・安徳院・顕徳院・順徳院などとのように徳の字を入れて院号を奉る案もあったが、生前の意志を尊重して南朝と同様「後醍醐」とした。
- After the Emperor passed away, within the Northern Count several 'ingo,' honorary posthumous Buddhist names, that included a Chinese letter 徳 (toku) were proposed to dedicate him, such as Sutoku-in, Antoku-in, Kentoku-in, Juntoku-in, but finally the name 'Go-Daigo' was dedicated, respecting his will in life as the Southern Court did.
- 一方、得意先と年季契約して出張する「廻り髪結い」は大店などに抱えられており、主人からは一回100文前後、ほかの従業員はその半額程度の料金を取った。
- On the other hand, 'Mawarikamiyui' who visited customers with articles of apprenticeship was hired by big stores, and charged the owner around 100 mon each time and his employees about the half price.
- 身分秩序を無視して公家や天皇といった時の権威を嘲笑し、粋で華美な服装や振る舞いを好む美意識であり、後の戦国時代における下剋上的行動の一種とされる。
- Basara represents a particular aesthetics in which people disregarded social class or rank, laughed scornfully at authorities such as court nobles or the Emperor, and esteemed fashionable and glamorous garments or behaviors; it was considered to be a type of behavior that was manifested in gekokujo (an inversion of the social order in which the lowly people reigned over the elite), which flourished in the subsequent Sengoku period (the period of warring states).
- 江戸時代には系図知りと呼ばれる職業の者が村々を廻り、土地の者のために史上の名家から連なる系図を作成して生計を立てていたことにも留意する必要がある。
- Also, attention should be paid to the fact that in the Edo Period, people who were engaged in the profession called keizushiri made their living by visiting villages and drawing for local residents genealogical tables showing that they came from a distinguished historical family.
- 現代訳:(大意)子や孫が父祖の仇を殺した場合、(殺人をおかした犯人の)父や祖父がそのことを知らなくても同じ罪(死刑か流罪・財産没収)を課せられる。
- Modern Japanese translation (synopsis): If a son or a grandson kills the foe of his father or grandfather, the father or grandfather (of the perpetrator of the killing) will be punished for the same crime (death penalty, deportation or asset forfeiture) regardless of whether such person was aware of the crime.
- また、本人の意思を尊重した上で、女性皇族と旧皇族の男系男性との婚姻のみに限定する形で、非皇族男性が皇族となること認めるようにすべきだとの意見も出た。
- Also, there was presented an opinion that a male not belonging to the Imperial family should be approved to become a member of the family with a restriction that the intention of the person is respected and this is limited to a marriage between a female member of the Imperial family and a descendant in the male line of a former Imperial family.
- また同書では当初から兄・天智天皇の皇太弟であると記されているが、弘文天皇の立太子の事実を否定し天皇の皇位継承を正当化する意図があるとする意見もある。
- The 'Nihonshoki' describes that he was the Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor so is heir apparent) of his older brother the Emperor Tenchi to begin with; however, some say that the book tries to deny the fact that the Emperor Kobun actually was the investiture of the Crown Prince, and justifies his succession to the imperial throne.
- 日本書紀には詳しい記事があるのに聖徳太子の『古事記』における記事が、系譜のみであることに対しても、そこに意味があるとして、様々な説が唱えられている。
- Various theories have been put forward about why Nihonshoki provides a detailed description about Prince Shotoku while 'Kojiki' contains only his genealogy, suggesting that there must be some meaning to the difference itself.
- 博多ラーメン店など福岡県周辺で豚骨ラーメンを提供する店は、お好みでラーメンにトッピングできる唐辛子を利かせた油いための高菜漬を用意している店も多い。
- Many shops offering tonkotsu ramen (noodle with a thick broth made from boiling pork bones) including Hakata ramen shops prepare takanazuke stir-fried in oil with red pepper to top ramen with.
- これらの処置には除目が開催され、天皇の公式命令である宣命・詔書が発給されていることから、すでに高倉天皇が清盛の意のままになっていたことを示している。
- These measures were revealed in Jimoku and since the shosho or senmei (an imperial edict) which were the official commands of the emperor, were distributed, Emperor Takakura was already under control of Kiyomori.
- 実際に5世の子孫だったかには賛否両論あるが、この事例は5世の子孫までは皇位継承権を持ちうる先例となって、その後の皇位断絶に強く意識されることとなった。
- There were theories approving and disapproving whether the Emperor Keitai was in fact the descendant of Emperor Ojin or not, but this experience was accepted as an example of allowing descendants, up to five generations, succeed to the throne, it was strongly reflected in the discontinuity of Imperial succession later on.
- 我意を通し、摂関家に対し高圧的な態度をとった白河院の死によって、長らく宇治に籠居していた忠実は政界に復帰し、鳥羽院政の下、摂関家の権威回復に着手した。
- Having retired to Uji for an extended period of time, Tadazane returned to the political arena following the death of Shirakawa-in, who was strong-willed and had an oppressive attitude towards the Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), and began to restore the authority of the Sekkan-ke under the supervision of the cloistered government of Toba-in.
- 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.
- 但し、「年紀」を意味する『紀』の文字を含む『帝紀』、『帝王本紀』、『先紀』と『紀』の文字を含まない『日嗣』等は分けて考えるべきであるとする見解もある。
- However, there are opinions that the 'Teiki,' 'Teio Honki,' and 'Senki,' which have the letter 'ki' meaning 'nenki' and the 'Hitsugi' which does not have the letter 'ki' should be thought separately.
- 関係代名詞queを接頭につけ、「吸う物」の意味で que sorver もしくは que sorber とした場合、発音としては「キソルベル」となる。
- When the relative pronoun, 'que' is placed before the words to make 'que sorver' and 'que sorver,' they are pronounced 'kisoruberu.'
- なお、書名に『新撰』とつくのは、企画倒れで終わった『氏族志』のやりなおしという意味であって、『新撰姓氏録』以前に『姓氏録』が存在していたわけではない。
- Incidentally, the reason the title includes 'Shinsen' (newly compiled) is that it meant to indicate the re-compilation of 'Shizoku-shi' (a book containing information on the clans), which ended up just as a plan; consequently, it doesn't infer the existence of any previous edition of the clan-name register.
- そもそも、「起こらないことが起こるまで」とは「永遠に」を意味するありふれた修辞であり、「巌となりて」がありえないとしても文学表現としては成立している。
- 'Until something which cannot happen happens' is a common oratory which means 'forever,' and even if 'becoming a rock' cannot happen, it is acceptable as a literary expression.
- 一揆(連合、同盟)は元々、心を一つにするという意味を持っており、参加者が同一の目的のもとで、相互に対等の立場に立って、強く連帯することが一揆であった。
- An uprising (combination or alliance) originally meant the unification of people, whereby the participants strongly associated with a common purpose, doing so on equal footing.
- その後、東宮大夫から玉音放送についての説明を受けるとすぐに悲しみから立ち直り、敗戦からの復興と国家の再建を率いる皇太子、将来の天皇としての決意を固めた。
- Soon after the Togu-daifu's detailed explanation of the Emperor's announcement, he got over the grief, making a resolve to be the Crown Prince and the future Emperor undertaking the tasks aimed at Japan's revival from the defeat and nation's restoration.
- 朝鮮では、13世紀末~14世紀半ばの高麗が元 (王朝)の属国化された時期に、元の宮廷の意向によりしばしば王位を王世子に譲らされたり復位させられたりした。
- When Goryeo came under the rule of Yuan (Dynasty) in the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 14th century, the throne was transferred to a crown prince or restored in line with the wishes of the Yuan imperial court.
- 五代目菊五郎は『盲長屋梅加賀鳶』(加賀鳶)の梅吉や『江戸育御祭左七』(お祭り左七)の左七など町火消役を得意としたが、さまざまな演じ方の口伝を残している。
- Kikugoro the fifth was good at the role of a fireman such as Umekichi in 'Mekuranagaya Umega Kagatobi' known as 'Kagatobi' (The Firefighters of the Kaga clan) or Sashichi in 'Edosodachi Omatsuri Sashichi' (The Festival and Sashichi, a Son of Edo) known as 'Omatsuri Sashichi;' he left oral instructions of various ways of acting.
- その時代には、「一揆は強者たる武士からの抑圧に対する、弱者たる民衆の決死の反抗であり、平等意識のもとで強固な団結力を持っていた」とみなす一揆観があった。
- A view of ikki in that period asserts that ikki was a do-or-die rebellion among the commoners, or the weak, against suppression by samurai warriors (the strong), and the ikki had strong solidarity under the consciousness of equality.
- その他の公卿は「張本人を差し出すように要求して、拒否されてから官軍を派遣するべきだ」と慎重論を唱え、右大臣・九条兼実、左大臣・藤原経宗もこれに同意した。
- Other Kugyo proposed a more cautious response, saying 'Let us demand that Kofuku-ji temple turn over the ringleaders of the rebellion, and if they refuse to do so, then is the time to dispatch a government army,' a view that was supported by both the Minister of the Right, Kanezane KUJO, as well as the Minister of the Left, FUJIWARA no Tsunemune.
- なお、施行当時より慣例的に「交替式」と呼ばれてきているが、律令法における格式のおける考え方からすれば、これは「格」にあたるのではないかとする意見もある。
- By the way, although it was called 'kotaishiki' (indicating a kind of 'shiki') from the time it was enforced for the first time, there is also the following opinion: According to the concept of 'kyakushiki' (kyaku indicates supplementary laws or regulations, and shiki indicates detailed rules for enforcing them) in the Ritsuryo laws, use of 'kyaku' is more appropriate.
- 道長は翻意するよう(形式的に)説得するが敦明親王の意思は固く、結果として後一条天皇の皇太弟である敦良親王(のちの後朱雀天皇)が新たに東宮として立てられる。
- Although Michinaga persuaded Imperial Prince Atsuakira to change his mind (in form), his intention was resolute, and as a result, Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku), younger brother of Emperor Goichijo, was named as the new Crown Prince.
- 幕府では3代将軍足利義満のもと、管領の細川頼之が後光厳の意思を尊重するべきであると回答し、翌1371年(応安4年3月23日)に、緒仁へ譲位して院政を敷く。
- In the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), under the supervision of the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, a shogunal deputy (kanrei), Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA answered Emperor Gokogon's, and the following year, 1371 (March 23), the Emperor passed the throne to Prince Ohito and started a cloistered government.
- 淳和上皇自身の意向により火葬され、その遺骨は京都市西京区大原野南春日町の大原野西嶺上陵(おおはらののにしのみねのえのみささぎ)で散骨されたと言われている。
- Following the Retired Emperor's wishes, he was cremated and his ashes/remains were dispersed at Oharano no nishi no mine no e no misasagi in Minami Kasuga-cho Town, Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- しかし、「意富富杼(おほほど)=大ホド」は継体の「袁本杼=小ホド」と対応する名であることから、本来の系譜には継体の兄として位置付けられていた可能性もある。
- However, since the written characters of Prince Ohodo, '意富富杼' (Ohodo meaning large hodo), correspond to the characters of Keitai, '袁本杼' (Ohoso meaning small hodo), the possibility remains that Prince Ohodo was positioned as an elder brother of Keitai in the original genealogy table.
- だが、蘇我氏の実権が蝦夷の息子の蘇我入鹿に移ると、入鹿はより蘇我氏の意のままになると見られた古人大兄皇子の擁立を企て、その中継ぎとして皇極天皇を擁立した。
- However, when the power in the Soga clan transferred to SOGA no Iruka, son of Emishi, Iruka planned to enthrone Furuhito no Oe no Miko, who Iruka could control at his will, and Iruka put up Empress Kogyoku as a interim successor.
- 後三条院とその生母である陽明門院は白河天皇の異母弟実仁親王 (平安時代)更にその弟の輔仁親王に皇位を継がせる意志を持ち、譲位時に実仁親王を皇太弟と定めた。
- Go-Sanjo-in and Go-Sanjo-in's mother, Yomeimon-in, wished for SHIRAKAWA's younger half brother, Prince Sanehito (Heian period) and then Sanehito`s younger brother Prince Sukehito to succeed to the throne, and upon abdication to SHIRAKAWA, Prince Sanehito was decided to become Crown Prince.
- その話を漏れ聞いた猪熊は、俄然興味を持ち、かねてから懇意の飛鳥井雅賢をはじめ、言葉巧みに他の公卿・女官をも誘い出し、様々な場所で乱交を重ねることとなった。
- Hearing a rumor of this affair, Inokuma was keenly interested and glibly tempted other court nobles and ladies including his close friend Masakata ASUKAI, and they repeated promiscuous sexual relations in various places.
- そして、近世城下町発展の最大の功労者は織田信長で、本格的な兵農分離を意図し武士を城下に集住させるとともに、市街に楽市楽座を設けて商工業の発達を活発にした。
- The most important person in relation to the development of jokamachi in the early-modern times was Nobunaga ODA, and with the idea of serious heinobunri in mind, he gathered bushi (warriors) near his castle and established Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in the city areas to stimulate the development of commerce and trade.
- このことは、耕作者である作人(さくにん)が直接の年貢負担者としての地位を獲得したこと、そして名主・荘官層が加地子を得るだけの地位に低下したことを意味する。
- The above indicates the fact that sakunin, cultivator, obtained the status as a direct bearer of the burden of nengu while the status of myoshu/shokan declined to the one only gaining Kajishi.
- 茶屋は松琴亭(しょうきんてい)、賞花亭(しょうかてい)、笑意軒(しょういけん)、月波楼(げっぱろう)の4棟があり、他に持仏堂の園林堂(おんりんどう)がある。
- There are four types of tea houses, Shokintei, Shokatei, Shoiken, and Gepparo, there is also a jibutsu-do hall (the private Buddha statue hall) called Onrindo.
- この相違の背景には、血縁関係が薄い(→継体天皇参照)次代の継体天皇の即位を正当化する意図が『書紀』側にあり、武烈天皇を暴君に仕立てたとする説が一般的である。
- The general explanation behind these differences is, that Emperor Buretsu was passed off as a tyrant in 'Shoki' with the intention to justify the enthronement of the next era's Emperor, Keitai, who was only distantly related (see Emperor Keitai).
- 虚飾性を排し、単純な一枚の布で全ての機能が完結する「潔さ」が、日本人が古来から持つ「美意識」と共通するものがあり、日本の古典的な理想の男子像にも例えられる。
- It can represent 'graciousness' that excludes vanity and completes all the functions with a simple piece of cloth, and it reminds us 'the sense of beauty' that the Japanese have cherished since ancient times, and can even exemplify the classic and ideal image of a man in Japan.
- そこに歌舞伎十八番の代表格である『助六』をぶつけたのは、この直後に襲名することになっていた「九代目市川團十郎」に対する彼の意気込みの現れとみることができる。
- He performed 'Sukeroku,' the representative of the eighteen Kabuki repertoire items in this transition period, which shows he might have been enthusiastic about his succession to 'Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX' immediately after the performance.
- 滋賀県では小動物ではなく婆の妖怪とする例があり、砂ほりばばあ(砂を放る婆の意)といって、ある竹薮の一角に婆が住み着き、そこを通る村人に砂を投げつけたという。
- In Shiga Prefecture, there is an example in which it is believed that not a small animal but a specter of an old woman called Sunahori-babaa (another name for sand-throwing hag) lived at a corner of a bamboo grove and threw sand at people passing by.
- すなわち演劇のように話のすべての部分について仕草が伴っているわけではなく、言葉だけでは表現しきれない部分に補足的な意味を持って仕草が付加されているのである。
- In other words, rakugo differs from theatrical performances that are accompanied by gestures in every part of the story, and gestures in rakugo are added to complement the words when it is difficult for them to convey the meaning of the story on their own.
- 自らの意思により島に残った俊寛だったが、物語をそこで終わらせることなく、船が出発するや一転して泣き叫ぶ俊寛の弱さと未練をも描いた近松の筆が高く評価されている。
- CHIKAMATSU had a good reputation for this play, in which the weakness and lingering affection of Shunkan, who remained in the island on his own will, but suddenly, he started to scream as soon as the boat departed, was depicted, without ending the story at the time Shunkan decided to remain in the island.
- そして1982年12月、寮生側との協議や意見聴取などのないまま、評議会によって「吉田寮の在寮期限を昭和61年3月31日とする」(原文ママ)との決定がなされた。
- In December 1982, the university council decided, without consultation with the members of the dormitory or hearing their opinions, that 'the time limit for staying at Yoshida dormitory is March 31, 1986' (so in original).
- 以上から判るとおり、裁判結果が決して一方の主張に偏ることなく、特定の権力者の意向が反映しないよう、透明性と公平性が確保されたシステムが構築されていたのである。
- As explained above, the system ensured transparency and fairness in order to prevent the outcome of a trial to be one-sided or to reflect the inclinations of a particular influential individual.
- また朝鮮軍は戦線膠着のため撤退し、その後の交渉で合意・実現に至ったのも倭寇の取り締まりであり、この遠征を理由に対馬を朝鮮の属国と見做すことは非常に論拠が薄い。
- Moreover, the Korean army withdrew after their invasion ended in a stalemate, and the focus of the agreement reached in subsequent negotiations and its execution was once again the suppression of the Wako, making this expedition an extremely weak justification for asserting that Tsushima had been a vassal state of Korea.
- 御教書(みぎょうしょ、みきょうしょ)とは平安時代後期から室町時代にかけて、従三位以上及びそれに准じる地位にある人の家司が主の意思を奉じて発給した古文書の形態。
- A Migyosho (or Mikyosho) was a form of ancient document issued by a Keishi (household superintendant) with a court rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher used for conveying the intentions of their masters from the late Heian period to the Muromachi period.
- 「戦前の日本で天皇の王朝の非常な古さが国家主義的に悪用されたことに強く反発する戦後の歴史家は、日本における天皇制と天皇家の異例な長命さという意義を軽んじてきた。
- 'There were historians during the postwar period who strongly criticized the government for wrongfully using the Imperial family's long duration to promote nationalism during the prewar period, and these historians made light of such a long duration of the Japanese emperor system and the Imperial family.'
- しかし、カンボジア語の「クセル」には、たばこを喫煙する管という意味しかなく、「キセル」もしくはキセルの語源となった言葉からの派生と考えたほうがよいかもしれない。
- However, the Khmer word, 'ksher' means only a pipe to smoke tobacco and therefore, it might be better to think that the word, 'kiseru' is a derivative word of 'ksher' or was derived from the original word of the kiseru.
- 江戸時代以降、2つの輪を交叉させた文様を特に「輪違」と呼ぶようになったため、それと区別する意味で「唐花の入った輪違」という形状から「花輪違」というようになった。
- Since the Edo period, designs with two intersecting rings were specifically called 'wachigai,' and therefore, 'wachigai pattern with kara-hana (Chinese arabesque pattern)' came to be called 'hanawachigai.'
- 無限に連鎖する平和や円満を意味する輪の交叉から成る文様のため、「世界中の財宝」と、「無限の子孫繁栄」を表す吉祥文様として家紋・屏風の裏紙の模様などに用いられた。
- Because shippo tsunagi is a pattern of repeating motifs of many intersecting circles that symbolizes endless peace and happiness, it was used as a design of auspicious omen representing 'treasures from all over the world' and 'infinite fertility and family prosperity,' and it was used in family crests as well as on backing paper of byobu (folding screens).
- 暑さ寒さも彼岸まで(あつささむさもひがんまで)とは「冬の寒さは春分の頃まで、夏の暑さは秋分の頃までには和らぎ、凌ぎやすくなる」という意味の、日本の慣用句である。
- 'Atsusa Samusa mo Higan made' is a Japanese idiom that means 'The cold of winter lasts until the spring equinox, and the heat of summer calms by the autumnal equinox, and will become easier to bear.'
- 新三郎の科白に「五大力のせりふにも妓女に恋なし、宝を以って恋とすと、並木五瓶が書いた通り」という内輪ネタがあり、新七が『五大力』を意識して書いたことが窺われる。
- Shinzaburo's lines include 'as Gohei NAMIKI wrote in Godairiki the line of 'No love exists for geisha girls and their loves are for treasures,'' which is a material known in the kabuki world, and this suggests that Shinshichi was conscious of 'Godairiki.'
- これらは、長年議論の対象となってきた(「座論争」)が、今日では座とは本来は一定の有資格者が一同に会する場を指し、両方の意味合いを有していたとする説が有力である。
- These theories have been discussed over a long period of time (this discussion is called 'the za debate'), and the current dominant theory explains that the word 'za' originally indicated a place where certain qualified persons gathered all together and thus the word included both the meanings.
- また、上意討ち・無礼打ちに理不尽を感じた者は、両者にどのような身分差があれど(たとえ上司であっても)、脇差でならたとえ殺すことになっても刃向かうことも許された。
- Any person who felt Joiuchi (kill of offender) or Bureiuchi (kill of dishonor) outrageousness was allowed to fight against or even kill his enemy using a short sword however overcoming their status distinctions were (even the enemy was his superior).
- 左方のチームカラーは暖色系統(当時は紫から橙色まで)で、大きな催しなどではアシスタントの女童たちの衣装や品物を包む料紙なども赤紫から紅の色合いで意匠を統一する。
- The left team was dressed in warm colors, ranging from purple to orange at the time, and in big events, the designs of costumes of assistant menowarawa (girls) and of writing paper for wrapping items were also unified in colors ranging from reddish purple to red.
- 儲君に関しては、江戸時代までは皇室典範のような皇位継承の順序を定めた法律がなく、天皇の意思や朝廷、幕府などの介入により、複数の候補者から選ばれるのが慣例であった。
- Before the Edo period, there was no law that determined the order in line to succession to the Imperial throne such as Imperial House Act, and Chokun, or the Crown Prince, was customarily chosen from among plural candidates, intervened by the will of the Emperor and by the court and bakufu (shogunate).
- これも上東門院の意向であったが、尊仁親王とその生母禎子内親王は先帝後朱雀天皇の時代から頼通らと対立しており、馨子内親王の入内もその溝を埋めることはかなわなかった。
- This was also the idea of Jotomonin, but Crown Prince Takahito and his birth mother, Imperial Princess Teishi were in conflict since the period of the former emperor, Gosuzaku, and even the entry of Imperial Princess Keishi into the court couldn't fill the gap between them.
- 鵜が口にした魚は噛まずに丸呑みにするため、人の言葉の真偽などをよく考えずそのまま相手の言葉を信じ込んでしまうという意の「鵜呑みにする」という言葉の起源ともなった。
- Since cormorants swallow the whole fish without chewing it, the phrase 'Unomi ni suru (to swallow the whole thing like cormorants do)' was coined meaning to take someone's story on faith without ascertaining the truth.
- 滝川の休職処分と同時に、京大法学部は教授31名から副手に至る全教官が辞表を提出して抗議の意思を示したが、大学当局および他学部は法学部教授会の立場を支持しなかった。
- At the same time as Takigawa's suspension, all law faculty staff, from 31 professors to the technicians, submitted their resignation as a sign of protest, but the University itself and other faculties did not support the stance of the board of law faculty professors.
- 日本の学者等によって、韓国のこのような教育が「文化先進国の朝鮮」と「文化劣等国の日本」という意識を韓国民に植え付け韓国起源説の根拠となっているとも指摘されている。
- It is pointed out by Scholars in Japan that such education in Korea has implanted in Korean minds the images of 'Korea, a culturally advanced nation' and 'Japan, a culturally inferior nation' and has formed the foundation of the theory that all of the culture in Japan originated in Korea.
- しかしもう一人の養子・高国は、一族の摂津国分郡守護細川政賢や淡路国守護細川尚春、河内国守護畠山義堯と語らい、細川氏(京兆家)の後継者を澄元とすることで合意をみた。
- The other adopted son Takakuni, however, conspired with his two relatives, Masakata HOSOKAWA, the bungunshugo (a provincial constable of a specially given province in gun unit) of Settsu Province, Hisaharu HOSOKAWA, the shugo of Awaji Province and Yoshitaka HATAKEYAMA, the shugo of Kawachi Province; amongst the four of them, they agreed to make Sumimoto the successor of the Hosokawa clan (the Keicho family).
- 庶民の尊敬の対象は大名や征夷大将軍(上様、将軍様)に向けられ、天皇や公家は庶民とは間接的に縁のある存在(天子様)として敬意が払われる程度であったとも考えられている。
- It is believed also that the target of respect was pointed at the daimyo and Seii Taishogun (Ue-sama, Shogun-sama), and the Emperor and Kuge were given respect only because of their indirect relationship with common people.
- 最終的に後陽成天皇はこれを受け入れたものの、結果的には自己の希望に反して家康の意向によって立てられた政仁親王に対しても良仁親王と同様に冷淡な態度を取るようになった。
- Finally, Emperor Goyozei agreed to this; however, he treated Imperial Prince Kotohito coldly the same way he had Imperial Prince Katahito, since it was not the Emperor's intention but Ieyasu's to let Imperial Prince Kotohito succeed to the throne.
- 関連して、中華人民共和国側が天皇に金印を授けようとして側近があわてて断り事なきを得る、事前には訪中は天皇の意思であるという吹聴がなされた、などのエピソードが伝わる。
- In addition, there are other strange stories in connection with this visit as follows: When People's Republic of China tried to confer the Kin-in (the Golden Seal of the King of Japan) to the Emperor, the close aides could narrowly save a difficult situation by hastily refusing the proposal, There was a rumor circulating before the visit that the Emperor himself decided to visit China, and so on.
- 「上宮記」には、「凡牟都和希王(応神) ― 若野毛二俣王 ― 大郎子(意富富杼王) ― 乎非王(私斐王) ― 斯王 ― 乎富等大公王(継体)」の文章系譜が記される。
- In 'Joguki,' there was a written genealogy, 'Homutawake no Miko (Ojin) –Wakanuke futamata no Miko - Oiratsuko (Ohodo no Okimi) - Oi no Okimi (Oi no Okimi [私斐王]) - Okimi - Odo no Okimi (Keitai).'
- 現在治定されている天皇陵のうち、奈良時代までの天皇陵については、歴史学的・考古学的に同意できるものは推古天皇陵、天智天皇陵、天武・持統天皇陵など数か所程度とされる。
- Among graves built during or before the Nara period that are currently recognized as imperial mausoleums, only a few (including mausoleums of Emperor Suiko, Emperor Temchi, Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito) can be historically and archaeologically certified as such.
- 皇太子・皇太孫を除く親王・内親王・王・女王は、やむを得ない特別の事由があるときは、本人の意思に関わらず、皇室会議の判断で、皇族の身分を離れる(皇室典範11条2項)。
- If there are compelling reasons, Imperial Princes, Imperial Princesses, Princes and Princesses – excluding the Crown Prince and the Son of the Crown Prince – can lose their Imperial status regardless of the their own will, based on the decision made by the Imperial Household Council (Clause 2, Article 11 of the Imperial Household Act).
- いかにも能らしい能として、古来「熊野松風に米の飯」(『熊野』と『松風 (能)』は名曲で、米飯と同じく何度観ても飽きず、噛めば噛む程味が出る、の意)と賞賛されてきた。
- As a genuine Noh play among all Noh plays, it has long been praised in the phrase 'Yuya and Matsukaze (Noh play) are like cooked rice' (meaning 'Yuya' and 'Matsukeze' are masterpieces and just like cooked rice – never boring no matter how many times you eat it, in fact tastier with every chew).
- その意味で、明治期に「劇聖」と呼ばれた市川團十郎 (9代目)の五右衛門よりも、同時期の中村芝翫 (4代目)の五右衛門の方が見ごたえがあると評した歌舞伎通も多かった。
- For that reason, in the Meiji era, some connoisseurs to believe that Goemon by Shikan NAKAMURA (the fourth) was better than Goemon by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth) who was highly respected and called 'Geki-sei' (saint of play).
- 仁木弾正は、松本幸四郎 (5代目)が当り役にしており、弾正の頬の黒子と衣装の花菱の紋は、五代目が実際にあった黒子と幸四郎の家紋とに敬意を表してつけられたものである。
- Koshiro MATSUMOTO (the fifth) was a star actor for Danjo NIKKI, so that paying respects to him, Danjo has a mole on his chin just as Koshiro (the fifth) had, and wears a costume with the crest of Hanabishi (rhombic flower) derived from his Kamon (family crest).
- これの果たす役割は、小話で笑わせて、本題の前に聴衆をリラックスさせる、本題に関連する話題で聴衆の意識を物語の現場に引きつける、落ちへの伏線を張る、などが挙げられる。
- The makura fills a variety of roles in rakugo, such as to amuse the audience and get them to relax before the start of the main topic, to lead the audience into the main topic of the story using a related scene, or as a tool to set up the final punchline, among others.
- 農奴の保有財産は、名目上は領主と借地人(農奴)との合意に基づくものとされていたが、実際には、ほぼ強制的に世襲させられていた(相続時に領主への支払が課せられていた)。
- The estate owned by serfs was notionally based on the agreement between the lords and the tenants (serfs), but in fact was obligatorily succeeded by heredity (on succession, the payment to the lords were imposed).
- 1711年(正徳元年)に従事官の李邦彦が客殿から対岸に位置する仙酔島や弁天島 (福山市)の眺望を「日東第一形勝(朝鮮より東で一番美しい景勝地という意」)と賞賛した。
- In 1711, Bangyan LI, an officer of the envoy, praised the scenery of Sensui-jima Island and Benten-jima Island located on the opposite shore was the '日東第一形勝' (meaning that the most beautiful scenic area in the east of Korea) when viewed from the guest hall.
- 乙名は元々、村落の祭祀を執り行う宮座(みやざ)の代表者をさしていたが、惣村の結合が宮座での儀式を中心として行われていたことから、惣村の指導者を意味するようになった。
- The Otona originally meant a representative of miyaza (organization of shrine parishioners in a hamlet), which executed religious services in a village; however, as the soson was connected mainly through a ceremony held at miyaza, Otona came to mean the leader of the soson.
- 他の天皇で「天日嗣高座の業を天智天皇が初め定めた法に従って受けよ」」という意味になるところが、光孝では「天日嗣高座の業は天智天皇が初め定めた法である」と変わっている。
- While in the edicts of other emperors, there is a phrase that means 'to take the faculty of Imperial Sun Succession (Amatsuhitsugi) to the Imperial Throne (Takamikura) according the law that Emperor Tenchi established for the first time,' in the edict of KoKo this phrase is substituted by another phrase that says 'the faculty of Imperial Sun Succession (Amatsuhitsugi) to the Imperial Throne (Takamikura) is 'the law that Emperor Tenchi established for the first time.'
- また、立場上、言いたくても言うに言えないことがいくらでもあることが容易に推測される皇族の「本人の意思」がどこまで真実のものなのか、客観的に判断することは非常に難しい。
- Also, it is very difficult to judge how true is the intention of a member of the Imperial family, who can easily be guessed to have many things which he cannot, in his position, divulge to another person even if he wanted to.
- 修二会の過去帳拝読で読まれる「青衣の女人(しょうえのにょにん)」や、葛城山の枕詞(木幡、忍坂山等にも掛かる)の「青旗」等、「青」の意味を考える価値はあると考えられる。
- Shoe no nyonin' (a women in blue cloth) in the reading of a family register of deaths in Shuni-e (Omizu-tori or Sacred Water-drawing Festival) or 'blue flag' in the makurakotoba (a set epithet) of Mt. Katsuragi and so on, the meaning of 'blue' is worth of considering.
- 中国では律令編纂と同時にその不足を補う意味で編纂・施行が行われたのに対して、日本では律令編纂後に詔勅・太政官符の形式で追加された法令を後日纏めて編纂する形が取られた。
- In contrast to China, where revision and enforcement were made to cover for the insufficiency of the Ritsuryo codes that were compiled simultaneously, Japan took the style of revising on a later day, all the laws and ordinances that were added in the forms of imperial edicts and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) after the compilation of the Ritsuryo codes.
- 西島安則総長時代の1989年(平成元年)春、京大当局(河合隼雄学生部長)と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
- In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'
- 上記の意味が転じて、現代においても著名人がマスメディアの取材、追跡を避けるため、秘書や友人など関係者を身代わりとして、マスメディアを引き付けることを「影武者」という。
- Derived from the meaning above, the term 'kagemusha' is used today to refer to a celebrities' tactic to distract the attention of mass-media by using a secretary or a friend as their dummy in order to avoid interviews or being chased by paparazzi.
- しかし、平安後期に太上天皇が治天の君(事実上の国王)として君臨し、政務を取り仕切る院政が開始すると、詔勅や太政官符に代わる、政治意思の表示方式を確立する必要が生じた。
- However, in the later Heian period, when the Insei political system started, where the retired emperor took power and administered all affairs of state as a de facto emperor, it was required to establish a way to express its own political will instead of Daijokanpu.
- 源義朝が相馬御厨を寄進しえたということは、単なる書類上のことだけではなくて、現地での徴税の請負の意味をもっていた以上、事実上の在地支配を離れて可能であったはずはない。
- He also discusses that since the fact that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo could donate Soma-mikuriya, it was not just a piece of paper and indicated a contract for the local collection of tax, and the donation could not have been made independently from the de facto land ruling.
- 馬の中のごく一部がそれに堪えられたとすれば、武士という一握りの特種技能集団が成立し得る条件を備えているのは、関東においてはそもそもが馬の牧場を意味する「牧」であった。
- The 'maki' (pasture for horses and cattle, written as '牧') was originally defined as a horse farm (written as 牧場) in Kanto region and provided the condition where a handful of bushi with special units could formalize if only a few of those horses could stand training.
- また叔母の東宮妃藤原嬉子の死後、当時他に叔父藤原教通の娘がいながら、道長の意向で禎子内親王が東宮へ入内したことからも、道長一族の一人として大切にされていた様子が伺える。
- After her aunt, Crown Prince's Empress, FUJIWARA no Kishi died, Imperial Princess Teishi (Yoshiko/Sadako) made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry of Crown Prince into the court as it was Michinaga's intention to do so, although there was another candidate who was Princess Teishi's uncle, FUJIWARA no Norimichi's daughter, it is apparent that Princess Teishi was treated very well as one of Michinaga's family members.
- 平安京内裏は960年(天徳4年)火災で全焼したあと、幾度も火災に見舞われ、やがて里内裏が現れてくると天皇はもっぱらそちらに常住するようになり、内裏の意義は低下してくる。
- After Heiankyo dairi was burned down in 960, it suffered several fires, and when satodairi (a temporary palace) became available, the emperor spent most of his time there, so the significance of the dairi was diminished.
- 後嵯峨は、異論もあるものの、治天の指名を幕府に求める遺勅を残していたとされ、後嵯峨の内意を後深草、亀山の母である大宮院に確認した幕府により、亀山天皇の親政と決められた。
- Despite some objections, Gosaga left the order asking the bakufu to designate the chiten; the bakufu confirmed his will with Omiyain, the mother of Gofukakusa and Kameyama, thus deciding to have direct Imperial rule by Emperor Kameyama.
- 現在は宮内庁により奈良県明日香村栗原にある栗原塚穴古墳が陵墓に指定されているが、八角墳であり横口式石槨を持つ同村平田の中尾山古墳を真の文武天皇陵とする意見が有力である。
- At present, Kurihara tsukaana-kofun Tumulus in Kurihara, Asuka-mura Village, Nara Prefecture is designated as his mausoleum by the Imperial Household Agency, but a leading hypothesis today claims that Nakaoyama-kofun Tumulus at Hirata in the same village, which is an octagonal tumulus including a stone chamber with a side entrance, as the Emperor Monmu's genuine mausoleum.
- こういった誤解のため、日本の一揆が英訳されて海外に紹介されるに際しても、 riot, revolt といった暴動や反乱を意味する語として訳されるのが一般化してしまった。
- Because of the above-mentioned misinterpretation, the Japanese word 'ikki' has generally been introduced to the world through its English translation as 'riot' or 'revolt,' words suggesting violent behavior in a public place or an illegal, sometimes violent attempt to change the political system.
- これに対して立憲君主制の国歌(たとえばイギリスの『女王陛下万歳』など。)と比較しても極端な天皇賛美の意味はなく、天皇象徴制の国歌ではごく普通の国歌だと考える意見もある。
- On the other hand, there is an opinion that, compared to national anthems of a constitutional monarchy (for example, 'God Save the Queen'), Kimigayo does not have a meaning of extreme praises for the emperor and it is a quite normal national anthem for the system that recognized the emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people.
- 初期の官物徴収は特に基準がなかったためにそれぞれの国例に従って官物率法が決定されて賦課されたが、国司による恣意的な賦課(官物加徴)やこれに対する農民側の抵抗も強かった。
- The initial Kanmotsu collection did not have any standards and Kanmotsu ritsuho was customarily decided and taxed in each province, but arbitrary taxation (Kanbutsu kacho) by Kokushi (officiers of the local government) occurred and resistance by farmers against this was strong.
- これは地方の領主達にとって負担も確かに大きいものの、一方で「ハレ」の場であり、中央の勢力とのコネクションを得る為にもと意気込み、それがまた「武士身分の獲得」ともなった。
- While it proved to be a heavy burden for district lords, it was the place of 'hare' (the non-ordinary space and time of ceremonies), and they were eager to obtain power and connections of the central government, and also attain the 'establishment of samurai social status.'
- それ以前の皇統については、折口信夫の主張する中天皇論等を考慮すれば、女系天皇(純然たる女系あるいは男系でなく双系という意見もある)であった可能性も少なくないとの説もある。
- As for the imperial line before that period, Nakatsusumeramikoto ron; if the existence of Empress or Princess who was a liaison between God and Emperor advocated by Nobuo ORIGUCHI, is considered, female-line Emperors might have existed (some people say that they were neither female-line nor male-line but female & male-line Emperors).
- これは譲位に関する諸儀式や退位後の正親町上皇(天皇)の御所の造営などの莫大な経費を捻出できる唯一の権力者である信長が、譲位に同意しなかったからとするのが妥当とされている。
- It is considered reasonable that only the person in power, Nobunaga, did not agree to the Emperor's abdication, thus there was no financial backup to pay the enormous expense of organizing various related ceremonies or building a palace for the Retired Emperor Ogimachi (Emperor Ogimachi) after he retired.
- 本来なら治天が次代の治天を指名するべきところ、その指名を幕府に委ねたという事実は、治天の権威が低下しただけでなく、治天の権限の一部を幕府が代行していたことも意味している。
- Originally Chiten would have appointed the next successor to the position, but the authority to appoint the successor was requested to the bakufu, this proved that Chiten's authority became weak and the bakufu partly acted to use the authority of Chiten.
- 天平勝宝9歳(757年)3月、孝謙天皇(実は光明皇后の意思)は、道祖王が太上天皇の喪中にも関わらず侍童と密通して、民間に機密を漏らし甚だ不行跡であるとし、廃太子を議した。
- In March 757, Empress Koken (actually will of Empress Komyo) proposed to depose the Crown Prince, saying that Prince Funado secretly contacted a jido (page) and disclosed confidential information to the public in the mourning of Emperor Daijo.
- 源義経主従が奥州に落ちる途中、安宅の関で関守にとめられ、弁慶がいつわりの勧進帳(寺院などの建立にあたって寄進を集めるための公認の趣意書)を読んでその場を逃れた逸話を描く。
- It depicts an anecdote that MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and his servants were stopped at the Ataka barrier station by a barrier keeper on the way they fled to the Oshu area, and Benkei read out a false kanjincho (a prospectus to gather donation for establishing a temple), which led them to get away from the situation.
- その後、辰五郎役は市村羽左衛門 (15代目)、尾上松緑 (2代目)、中村勘三郎 (17代目)、そして尾上菊五郎 (7代目)と、江戸前の世話物を得意とする役者が勤めている。
- Later, the role of Tatsugoro was performed by Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth, Shoroku ONOE the second, Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the seventeenth, and Kikugoro ONOE the seventh, who were all good at acting in the Edo-style sewamono drama.
- このルート選定については、信使一行に対する敬意を示しているという見方とともに、徳川家の天下統一の軌跡をたどることでその武威を示す意図があったのではないかとする見方もある。
- According to a viewpoint, this route was selected for paying a respect to the Tsushinshi, but there is another viewpoint of considering that the selection might have been made for showing the Tokugawa family's military prestige by making them trace the route of its unification of Japan.
- 関係者全員死罪を主張しながら、周囲の説得により手ぬるい幕府の処分案に同意せざるを得なくなった後陽成帝は、ままならぬ状況に絶望し、これ以降しばしば譲位を口にするようになる。
- Emperor Goyozei, persuaded by his aides into accepting the Bakufu's lukewarm proposal against his demand for capital punishment of all the persons involved, despaired at the circumstances which were out of his control and began to speak of abdication quite often.
- 914年、三善清行は「意見十二箇条」の第4条で大学寮の荒廃ぶりを記しているが、前後の史料を見る限り学生数の減少などの大学寮そのものの荒廃を裏付ける事実は確認されていない。
- In 914, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI pointed out the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo in Article four of his 'Iken Junikajo' (12 opinions), but evidence that confirms the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo itself, such as a drop in the number of students, cannot be found in historical materials prior to or after the opinions.
- 当時、「一円」の語は、一元的または完全を意味しており、一円的に支配されている土地を一円地(いちえんち)・一円領(いちえんりょう)・一円荘(いちえんのしょう)などと呼んだ。
- The term 'ichien' at the time meant entirety or completeness, and lands that were under ichien control were called ichienchi (ichien land), ichienryo (ichien territory), or ichien no sho (ichien manor).
- 朝鮮半島独立後は、英語で天皇を意味する「Emperor」の訳語を踏襲せず「日本国王」(日王)という称号を用いてこれに倣い「皇室」を「王室」、「皇太子」を「王世子」と呼んだ。
- After the independence of Korean Peninsula, the translation 'Emperor' meaning Emperor in English was not inherited, but the title 'Nihon Kokuo' (Nichio) was used, and following that, 'Koshitsu' (Imperial family) was called 'Oshitsu' (King's family), and 'Kotaishi' (Crown Prince) was called 'Oseishi' (heir of King).
- 綸旨とは本来は「綸言の旨」の略であり、天皇の意そのものを指していたが、平安時代中期以後は天皇の口宣を元にして蔵人が作成・発給した公文書の要素を持った奉書を指すようになった。
- Rinji ('綸旨' in Chinese characters) originally stood for 'Ringen no Mune' ('綸言の旨' in Chinese characters), and meant the Emperor's intention itself; however, in and after the mid Heian period, Rinji came to mean hosho (a document for informing lower rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) which contained elements of an official document created and issued by Kurodo based on an imperial decree given orally by the Emperor.
- 後嵯峨の父は、父の後鳥羽に疎んじられて承久の乱の際も中立を守った土御門天皇であるが、このことが幕府の賛意を得ることになり、事実上、後嵯峨の皇位継承は幕府が決定したと言える。
- Emperor Gosaga's father, Emperor Tsuchimikado, was treated coldly by his own father, Emperor Gotoba, took a neutral position at the Jokyu Disturbance, it made a good impression on the Kamakura bakufu and practically all the bakufu approved Emperor Gosaga's Imperial succession to the throne.
- 黒鉄は鉄の意味でもあるが、赤錆が浸食をもたらし脆くさせることを嫌い、古来から日本では黒錆を表面に生成させ、強度を保ってきたので、その経緯から表面に黒錆を纏った鉄製品を示す。
- Kurogane means iron and iron products covered with black rust because, since the ancient times in Japan, black rust has been produced on the surface of iron to maintain its strength by preventing red rust from corroding and weakening the iron.
- 大川端で「おとせ」という娼婦から小判百両を奪ったお嬢吉三、それに対し、その金をよこせと横車を張るお坊吉三、立ち回りをはじめた2人に割って入った和尚吉三の3人が意気投合する。
- Ojo Kichisa, who robbed 100 ryo of koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) from a prostitute named 'Otose,' Obo Kichisa, who tried to take that money, and Osho Kichisa, who tried to break apart the two struggling with each other, hit it off with each other at Okawabata.
- ここで注意しなくてはならないことは、清和源氏が武家の棟梁という地位を得たのは、その武勇によってというよりも、摂関家への奉仕という中央貴族の内部事情に起因するという点である。
- It should be noted here that Seiwa-Genji became the leader of samurai families not because of their bravery but because of internal affairs of central aristocrats such as contributions to the regent family.
- 院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符などの政府として最終決定意思を表示する文書と、同等の効力が認められていたのに対し、院宣は形式の面でも効力の面でも、簡易なものとして発給されていた。
- While an innocho kudashibumi, such as Shochoku (imperial edict) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), was a document that expressed the final decision of the government, an inzen was considered a much simpler document from the point of view of its format and efficacy.
- これに対して宮廷内部は2つに分かれたものの、一見暴論でありながらも、予想外の事態で左大臣を失う事になるかも知れない信輔への同情は意外と多く、決着のつく見通しは立たなかった。
- The opinions about this matter inside the Imperial Court were divided into two groups, and reaching a conclusion seemed unlikely since more people than expected sympathized with Nobusuke, whose insistence seemed unreasonable at a first glance but who might need to lose the position of Sadaijin from an unforeseen event.
- さらに、国民は愛国心を持つべきであるから『君が代』を歌うことでその意識を高めなければならないとする主張や、天皇への忠誠心を涵養する目的をはっきり表明する尊王的な意見もある。
- In addition, there is an assertion that, since people must have patriotism, they must enhance awareness by singing 'Kimigayo,' and there is also a loyalist-like opinion that expresses clearly the objective to cultivate loyalty to the emperor.
- 内親王自身も摂関家との交流には常に気を配ったらしく、『枕草子』で中宮藤原定子との季節の交流が描かれる一方、『大鏡』や『栄花物語』には道長との当意即妙なやり取りが記されている。
- The Imperial Princess took care to interact with a clan eligible to become regents, and while 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book) depicted seasonal interactions with the second consort of the emperor, FUJIWARA no Teishi, 'Okagami,' and 'Eiga monogatari' (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) depicted her witty interactions with Michinaga.
- 徳富蘆花は、「謀反論」を書き、謀反を恐れてはならないとし、石川啄木は「時代閉塞の現状」への宣戦布告を行ったが、永井荷風はこれを機に社会的関心から意識的に遠ざかるようになった。
- Roka TOKUTOMI wrote 'Muhonron' (on rebellion) and advocated not to be afraid to rebel and Takuboku ISHIKAWA declared war against the 'situation of exclusive period,' but Kafu NAGAI intentionally kept his distance of social interests on this occasion.
- 鎌倉幕府執権の北条泰時は順徳天皇の皇子である忠成王の即位に難色を示し、一時は軍事介入を仄めかしながら、鶴岡八幡宮の神意であるとして同じく後鳥羽天皇の孫にあたる邦仁王を推した。
- Disapproving of Prince Tadanari's enthronement because he was the prince of Emperor Juntoku, Yasutoki HOJO, the shogunal regent of the Kamakura bakufu, while insinuating military intervention at times, recommended as the successor, Prince Kunihito, the grandchild of Emperor Gotoba, claiming it was the divine will of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine.
- ただし、いわゆる源氏長者とは別に、意図的に政治的な理由からこのような概念が生まれたととらえることはできるものの、実際、源氏の嫡流という地位や名分があったかどうかは不明である。
- However, aside from the so-called chief of the Minamoto clan, while one can treat this concept as something that was created intentionally out of political reasons, it is not clear if the status of or justification for the concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan actually existed.
- 遺詔で末子であり当時3歳の常盤井宮恒明親王の立太子の意思を示し、親王の伯父である左大臣西園寺公衡が実現工作に動いたために、後宇多上皇の強い反発を招き大覚寺統内部に混乱を招いた。
- He left his will for his youngest child, Tokiwai no Miya Imperial Prince Tsuneaki, who was three years old at that time, to become Crown Prince, the Prince's uncle, the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), Kinhira SAIONJI tried to make it happen, the Retired Emperor Gouda opposed to this strongly and this caused confusion within the Daikaku-ji Imperial line.
- しかし、大彦命だけは異変を察知して和珥坂(わにのさか、奈良県天理市)から引き返し、倭迹迹日百襲姫命の予言から武埴安彦(たけはにやすびこ、孝元天皇の皇子)の叛意を知ることとなる。
- However, Obiko no Mikoto encountered a strange occurrence and returned from Wani no Saka (Tenri City, Nara Prefecture), an event which led him to become aware of the prediction made by Princess Yamatototobimomoso Hime no Mikoto that Takehani Yasubiko (the son of Emperor Kogen) was plotting an act of treason.
- いわゆる歌舞伎の家の芸であるが、十五代目市村羽左衛門没後思わしい後継者に恵まれず、家系は実質上絶えてしまったこともあって、市村家の芸であることが強く意識されることはあまりない。
- They are, in a sense, arts handed down from father to son of Kabuki, but in many cases they are not clearly recognized as arts of the Ichimura family, because the family line substantially failed after the death of Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth due to a lack of appropriate successors.
- 初演時の大学之助と太平次とを演じた松本幸四郎 (5代目)の演技もさることながら、幕ごとに殺し場が用意された残虐性の強さと早替り、強請場などの見どころの多さも観客のし好に合った。
- The audience liked it because it had a lot to see, such as the brutality that every act contained the scene of murder, Hayagawari (quick-change technique used when actors play more than one role), the scene of a threat and so on, in addition to the performance of Koshiro MATSUMOTO the fifth, who played Daigakunosuke and Taheiji at its first performance.
- これについて空海は、天の巻に付された総序において「配巻軸於六合、懸不朽於兩曜、名曰秘府論。(巻軸を六合に配し、不朽を両曜に懸け、名づけて秘府論という)」とその意図を述べている。
- Kukai's intention was, as he wrote in the general introduction appended to the volume of Heaven, 'the volumes are titled after the universe and because they are so everlasting as the sun and the moon are, they are collectively called hifuron (important theory).'
- 代表的な地名起源説としては、「いひとよ」は古語でフクロウであり、おそらくはフクロウの住む山という意味で「いひとよ山」といったのが後世に訛って「いいで山」になったというものである。
- As a typical theory of the origin of place name, 'ihitoyo' meant an owl in ancient words and probably in the sense of the mountain where owls live, 'ihitoyo yama' changed to 'iide yama' in later years.
- そのルールも曖昧な点が多く、例えば共お手つき(相手と手が接触し、自らの意思に拠らず不可抗力でお手つきが発生すること)などの解釈は人によって違うどころか、知らない競技者も存在する。
- The rule contains many unclear points, for example, tomo otetsuki (unavoidable otetsuki that caused by touching opponent hand) is interpreted differently depending on players, or even some players do not know the rule.
- 1934年に中国から日本にかけて行われた調査では、粒の大きさは0.001mm - 0.5mmのものが多かったという(光学顕微鏡による調査のため微小な粒子は観測できない点に注意)。
- In an investigation conducted in 1934 over the area from China to Japan, the sand grain sizes were concentrated in the range of 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm (note that optical microscopes used could not measure minute grain sizes).
- 斎藤実や鳩山文相が当時語っていたように、政府当局が処分を強行した意図は、「大学自治の総本山」と見られていた京大を強力な国家権力のもとに屈服させるという点にあったと考えられている。
- As Minoru SAITO and Minister of Education Hatoyama talked at that time, the reason why the government used force was to place Kyoto University, which was thought to be the 'stronghold of university freedom,' under the power of the government.
- しかし神饌の意味する本来の自発的に土地の海産物を神々に貢進したというものから、首長(天皇)に贄を奉じこれを首長が食べることで贄の取れた土地を支配していることを誇示する儀式となった。
- However, from the original meaning of shinsen, a voluntarily supply of local marine products to the gods, it became a ritual to display the dominance of the land where offerings were caught by supplying it to a chief (an emperor) and having the chief eat it.
- ただし、「西院」をもって一つの語なのであるから、後西では意味が通じなくなるので、他の太上天皇の院号と同一視して院を除くのではなく、後西院天皇と称するべきであるとする歴史学者も多い。
- However, many historians say that his name should be Emperor Gosaiin and should not remove the suffix 'in' like other names of retired emperors as 'Saiin' should be used as one word; they say it would make no sense with only 'Gosai.'
- なお、オジャOLLAは、スペイン語圏の他、ポルトガル、チュニジアにも同様、同名の料理(法)があり、伝統的な鍋料理、または鍋そのものを意味し、現代では圧力釜(料理)もさす場合がある。
- In addition, the word olla also exists in Portugal and Tunisia as well as the Spanish-speaking countries as the name of dish (recipe), which means traditional one-pot dish cooked at the table or the pot itself, and today sometimes means a pressure cooker (dish cooked with the pressure cooker).
- また、五幕目の死神は、歴代菊五郎のお家芸というべき怪談物を意識したもので、幼少のころ見た祖父の三代目菊五郎の死神を再現しようと、河鍋暁斎、大蘇芳年ら画家らの意見をもとに作り上げた。
- Further, the Shinigami (The Death-God) in Act Five was intended for Kaidanmono (a ghost [horror] story) which may be said as specialty of succesive Kikugoro, and Kikugoro V tried to reproduce Shinigami that he had seen his grandfather, Kikugoro III perform when he was a child, and he produced it on the basis of opinions from artists such as Kyosai KAWANABE and Yoshitoshi TAISO.
- これにより伊能図を秘匿する意味がなくなったため、同年には幕府開成学校からも伊能小図を元にした「官版実測日本地図」が発行され、小図のみとはいえようやく一般の目に供されるようになった。
- As a result of this publication, it had no reason to hide Ino map any longer so Kaisei Gakko (Kaisei School) of the Bakufu published 'The Surveyed Map of Japan, official edition' based on the Ino's small maps in that year, too and at last Ino map was disclosed to the public though it was only partially.
- その昔、東京都台東区浅草の伝法院(でんぼういん)の門番が、寺の威光を笠に着て、近隣の小店や見世物小屋で、無銭利用や傍若無人な振る舞いをしたことから、粗野で乱暴者という意味であった。
- It originally described characteristics of men who were rude and violent, and the word came from a legend in which a long ago, a gatekeeper of Denbo-in Temple in Asakusa, Taito Ward, Tokyo, did not pay his fees and behaved outrageously at nearby shops and show tents, taking advantage of the privileges of being associated with the temple.
- 同じく発泡性であるスパークリングワイン同様、開栓前に揺らしたり振ったりすることは禁物で、開栓には注意を要し、栓をゆるめて中から発泡してきたらしばらく様子を見ながらゆっくりと開ける。
- Similarly to sparkling wine which is also sparkling, it is strictly prohibited to swing or shake the bottle before it is opened and, in order to open the bottle, care must be taken to loosen the cap and, when foams are generated, the state must be observed and the cap must be slowly opened.
- 荘園領主はこうした事案(所務沙汰)について幕府へ訴訟を起こしたが、意外にも領主側が勝訴し、地頭側が敗訴する事案が多くあった(幕府の訴訟制度が公平性を確保していたことを表している)。
- The lords of shoens filed a suit to the bakufu on these incidents (shomusata, trial dealing with land-related issues), but surprisingly there were many cases where the side of the lords of shoens won a lawsuit and the side of the jitos lost (which means that the fairness of the bakufu's litigation system was secured).
- 経宗が左少弁・藤原行隆を呼んで、高倉に議定の意見を奏聞しようとしたところ、隆季は「興福寺別当・権別当が衆徒を制止できないと言い切っているのに、どうして使者を派遣する必要があるのか。
- Just as Tsunemune summoned the Sashoben (third-ranked officer of the left) FUJIWARA no Yukitaka and was about to have him go to retired emperor Takakura to report the consensus opinion of the meeting, Takasue protested, saying 'Why is it necessary to send a messenger to Kofuku-ji temple when the head priest and his deputy will simply keep saying that they are unable to control the assembled clergy?
- なお、本来の意味で用いる漢文の読み下し及び日本の古代の用例には漢音と呉音の混交した 'ひゃくせい'、日本の中世以降の用例には呉音の 'ひゃくしょう' の読みを当てるのが慣例である。
- Note that it is common to pronounce the term as 'hyakusei,' which is a mixture of the Han reading of Chinese characters and the Wu reading, in the case of a Japanese reading of a Chinese passage or a use in ancient Japanese that is used in the original meaning, or 'hyakusho,' which is the Wu reading, in a case of a use in Japanese in or after the medieval period.
- ※飯豊皇女は、古事記では履中天皇の娘、日本書紀では市辺押磐皇子の娘であるため公式には天皇とされていないが、扶桑略記に「第24代飯豊天皇」とあるため、天皇として扱うべきとの意見もある。
- Princess Iitoyo was not officially stated as Emperor as she was called the daughter of Emperor Richu in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), and was called the daughter of Prince Ichinobe no Oshihano in Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan), however she was called 'the twenty fourth Emperor Iitoyo' in Fusoryakki (A Brief History of Japan), and there were some of the opinion that she should be considered as Emperor.
- 皇位継承法説の論者の多くは、この箇所を含む文は「改めてはならない常の典と立てた法が傾くことなく動くことなく続くように働け」という意味で、全体として継承を意識しているとして弁明とする。
- Many of the supporters of the imperial succession code theory explain that the description including this expression means 'work to maintain the law formulated as the irreversible code not declined, stable, and sustained,' and as a whole, the description is conscious of the succession.
- ただし、陽成天皇の暴君説は退位時の年齢が17歳(満15歳)であり疑問点も多く、天皇を廃位し、自身の意向に沿う光孝天皇・宇多天皇帝を擁立した基経の罪を抹消するための作為だともいわれる。
- Although Emperor Yozei is infamous for his bad behavior, it is questioned whether the story could be true, since he was only 17 years old at the time of his abdication; it could have been Mototsune's attempt to cover up his accusation in order to remove Emperor Yozei from his position and set up his favorites (the future emperors Koko and Uda) to succeed the throne.
- 後に嵯峨天皇が退位しようとした時に、藤原冬嗣が退位後の天皇に平城上皇と同じ待遇を与えれば、費用がかさんで財政が危機に瀕するとして退位に反対する意見を述べている事からでも裏付けられる。
- Later, when Emperor Saga intended to abdicate, it became apparent that FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu opposed it, saying it would cost too much for the Imperial Palace and they would face financial difficulty if Emperor Saga were treated the same as the Retired Emperor Heizei.
- 幕府の命令を天皇が勅許の形で追認するという形式が取られている(「大法」という言葉には幕府・朝廷両方から出された重要法令の意味もあるとされている)という点でも特異な法令であると言える。
- The law can be said to be unique due to the fact that it was ratified in the form of an imperial sanction by the Emperor that was ordered by the bakufu (The word 'taiho' is also said to imply the meaning, 'a significant law enacted by both the bakufu and the Imperial Court').
- 飛鳥時代については、仏教絵画に限らず、絵画の遺品そのものが僅少であり、法隆寺の玉虫厨子の壁面に表わされた絵画や、中宮寺の天寿国繍帳のような工芸遺品の意匠から当時の絵画をしのぶほかない。
- Regarding the Asuka period, the remains of paintings, not to mention Buddhist paintings, are scarce and therefore we can only imagine the paintings of those days from the paintings shown on the walls of Tamamushi-no-Zushi (the 'Beetle Shrine') of Horyu-ji Temple and from the designs of such remaining artifacts as tenjukoku shucho (embroidery representing Tenjukoku paradise) at Chugu-ji Temple.
- 明治6年(1874年)には、H.カリーベールド著 小泉晴江訳『科学捷径 酒水製造書 全』のなかで、「醗酷」が「はっこう」「ヤアスト」 というふりがな付きで酵母の意味として使われている。
- In 1874, '醗酷' accompanied by its readings 'hakko' and 'yasuto,' which means yeast, appeared in 'Kagaku Shokei Shusui Seizo-sho Zen' (scientific expedient of sake brewing) written by H. Caliberd and translated by Harue Koizumi.
- もっとも、寄進系荘園の一般的形態は、自分の私領だけの寄進ではなく、その周辺の国衙領も切り取る(加納)形で行われるし、必ずしも在地領主の主導で行われた訳ではないことにも注意は必要である。
- The common form of donated manors did not just involve a private manor, but (Kano) a style that carved out Kokugaryo and was not under control of the local lord.
- 伏見上皇も自分の息子である後伏見天皇を無理やり皇位から降ろさせた後宇多天皇(亀山法皇の子で後二条天皇・尊治親王の父、当時院政を行っていた)への反感から、これに同意する姿勢を幕府に伝えた。
- Since the Retired Emperor Fushimi told the bakufu that he would support them, as he was frustrated with Emperor Gouda (the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama's son, and Emperor Gonijo and Imperial Prince Takaharu's father, he was ruling the cloistered government at that time) who forced his son, Emperor Gofushimi to abdicate from the throne.
- 2006年9月に41年ぶりの男性皇族である秋篠宮悠仁親王が誕生したが、若い男性皇族不足が解決されたわけでもないため、皇位継承問題は終わっていない(問題を先送りしただけ)とする意見がある。
- In September 2006, the male Imperial member, Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Hisahito was born for the first time in forty one years, however the issue of the shortage of male Imperial members was yet unsolved, the Imperial succession problem still remains the same.
- したがって神武天皇に関する説話は何らかの形で創作されたものであるとする意見が強く、崇神天皇、応神天皇、継体天皇、または記紀編纂時期の天武天皇を基に創作したとする「モデル論」も盛んである。
- Therefore, the majority of opinion is that tales regarding Emperor Jimmu was created in some form, and 'theory of model' that tales of Emperor Jimmu was created based on Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin and Emperor Keitai, or Emperor Temmu at the time of compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is also popular.
- これは当時の作劇において時代考証に対する意識が薄かったことと、寺子屋や教育に熱心な家庭では天神の像を祀る習俗があり、江戸時代の観客にとっては天神とのつながりが深い場所であったことによる。
- This was because the play was written at that time with a little consideration of following according to a historical evidence, and Terakoya and families into education used to worship the Tenjin statues, and guests during the Edo Period had a strong connection with Tenjin.
- この鳴き声の後にはオオカミもしくは妖怪・送り犬が現れるといい、道で転倒するとすぐにそれらに襲撃されてしまうため、送り雀の鳴き声を聞いた者は、転ばないよう足元に注意を払いつつ歩いたという。
- It is said that a wolf or a specter, okuri-inu (dog that sends off) appears after the chirping sound, and once the person stumbles, he or she will be immediately attacked by such animal or monster, thus those who heard the chirping of okurisuzume used to walk watching their steps not to fall.
- また立花説では、5月4日付けの記事にある「将軍になるべき」との晴豊の言葉を朝廷公式の意向であったとし、「御らん」(森成利)を派遣した信長の意図を真意を隠しわざと当惑して見せたものとする。
- Tachibana's interpretation also claims that Haretoyo's words 'should be the Shogun' in an article on May 4 (old calendar) were the official intention of the Imperial Court, and Nobunaga intentionally expressed his false embarrassment concealing his true meaning by having 'Oran' (Naritoshi MORI) meet the envoy.
- 受領は、大きな権限を背景として富豪層からの徴税によって巨富を蓄え、また恣意的な地方政治を展開したとされ、その現れが10世紀後期~11世紀中期に頻発した国司苛政上訴だったと考えられてきた。
- It is thought that Zuryo saved a large amount of money by collecting taxes from millionaires, due to their authority and developed arbitrary regional politics, leading to Kokushi kasei joso (appeals or armed struggles against Kokushi) which often happened from the end of the 10th century to the middle of the 11th century.
- これに対し、家臣を城下に集めて専任の常備軍(この常備軍は西洋軍事史で規定されるそれとは全くの別物である事に注意)とすれば、上記の要求を満たせる上、兵の錬度、武具の質も上げることができた。
- In contrast, if the feudal lords gathered their vassals around their castles and set them as a full-time regular army, they were able to meet the needs mentioned above and to improve soldiers' skillfulness and the quality of arms (notice: in this case the regular army mentioned here is totally different from the one stipulated in the history of military in the Western countries).
- 直衣での参内は天皇との私的なつながりを持つことを意味し、外戚や侍読等には優先的に許されるのが本来であったが(『禁秘抄』)、中世には基準が曖昧化して、公卿である程度年数を経たものが許された。
- Wearing Noshi meant a close relationship to the Emperor, originally Noshi was allowed for maternal relatives or a lecturer in the Imperial Household to wear, ('Kinpisho'), in the Medieval period there was no strict rules as to who were allowed to wear Noshi, most of the court nobles who held their position for a few years could wear Noshi.
- この道中で、熾仁親王は恭順を条件に慶喜を助命する方針を固めており、江戸から東征中止の要請と慶喜の助命嘆願のために訪れた北白川宮能久親王と駿府で会見し、法親王に慶喜の恭順の意思を問うている。
- On the way east, the Prince made up his mind up to spare Yoshinobu's life by having him swear allegiance, in Sunpu, he met with Kitashirakawa no Miya Prince Yoshihisa from Edo, who came to ask him to break off the attack east and to spare Yoshinobu's life, he asked the Hosshinno's (the Prince who went into the priesthood and received a title to become the Prince by the Emperor) opinion about sparing Yoshinobu's life.
- 鎌倉時代以降は更に宋銭の私鋳銭などが盛んに作られ、室町時代中後期には最盛期を迎えた(なお、宋銭などの渡来銭そのものも当時の日本の朝廷が発行した銭ではないという意味では私鋳銭と同様であった。
- During and after the Kamakura period, shichusen of Sung currency was also actively minted, and it reached its peak during the mid to late Muromachi period (it should be noted, however, that imported Sung currency itself was considered equivalent to shichusen, since it was not money issued by the Japanese imperial court, and therefore could not be considered official money).
- それぞれ凡牟都和希(ほむたわけ)王は応神天皇、若野毛二俣(わかぬけふたまた)王は稚野毛二派皇子、大郎子は意富富杼王、 斯(うし)王は彦主人王、乎富等(おおど)大公王は継体天皇に比定され得る。
- Each of these names can be identified as follows: 'Homutawake no Miko' was the Emperor Ojin; 'Wakanuke futamata no Miko' was 'Wakanoke futamata no Miko'; Oiratsuko was 'Ohodo no Okimi'; 'Ushi no Okimi' was 'Hikoushio' (also pronounced 'Hikousi no Okimi') and 'Odo no Okimi' was the Emperor Keitai.
- 「もとより話の根無し草、嘘をまことに拵えて金を強請りにきた道玄・・・」「しかも正月十五日、月はあれども雨雲に、空も朧の御茶の水・・・」など黙阿弥得意の五七調の名台詞「厄払い」が聴き所である。
- Famous lines referred to as 'yakuharai' (lines both sentimental and musical) made of five-and-seven syllable meter which was Mokuami's specialty, such as 'Dogen, who lied and extorted money by making lies seem true…' 'it was moreover, the 15th day of the new year, when it was cloudy with rainy clouds though the moon was out, the sky of Ochanomizu was also hazy' are worth attention.
- とはいえ、末期養子の認可のためには、幕府から派遣された役人が直接当主の生存と養子縁組の意思を確かめる判元見届(はんもとみとどけ)という手続きが必要であり、無制限に認められたわけではなかった。
- However, even after the lifting of a ban, for Matsugo yoshi to be given approval, the procedure of 'Hanmoto Mitodoke', in which the family head was confirmed as alive and his will for adoption was certified by a bakufu official, had to be carried out, which made it not always as straightforward as it could have been.
- 更に秀吉は実子の不在を理由に新天皇の弟八条宮智仁親王を猶子とし、将来的には正式な豊臣氏の養子として関白を譲る意向である事を天正16年(1588年)の聚楽第行幸の際に後陽成天皇に奏上している。
- Hideyoshi further adopted the new Emperor's younger brother, Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA, since he had no biological child, and he reported to the Emperor during the Imperial visit to Jurakudai (Hideyoshi's palace and office in Kyoto) in 1588 that he would officially adopt the prince as a son of the Toyotomi clan and hand over the position of Kanpaku to him in the future.
- 『続日本紀』によると、「后姓柔婉にして美姿あり。儀、女則に閑って母儀之徳有り」と記されており、「乙牟漏皇后は美しい方で、温和なお人柄であられた。礼儀正しく、良き母であられた」という意味である。
- 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) described her in two sentences, 'Empress Otomuro was a beautiful lady with a warm personality. She was a polite person and a wise mother.'
- しかし、血縁が遠すぎて皇位継承者として国民の支持が得られないと反対派から批判された「旧皇族」に代えて、彼ら「皇別摂家」から皇位継承者を迎えてはどうかとの意見が男系維持論者の一部から提起された。
- However, some advocates of male-lineage succession suggested that members of the Kobetsu Sekke be selected as successors to the imperial throne instead of members of the 'former imperial family', because some people opposed the selection of the latter as successors since their more distant kinship to the imperial family means they would not enjoy public support.
- もともとは先祖代々の守護神である氏神様、出生地の守護神でありその人の一生の守り神である産土神様、現在住んでいる地域の守護神である鎮守神様の三つの神様に挨拶をする意味で三社詣でていた、という説。
- Another says that it is meant to salute to the three shrines, namely ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) who is an ancestral guardian god, ubusunagami (guardian deity of your birthplace), who is the guardian god of your birthplace and the guardian god of your entire life, and chinju (local Shinto deity) who is the guardian god of the place where you live.
- 更に天正19年(1591年)に鶴松が病死すると、秀吉は甥の豊臣秀次(内大臣)を養子として関白の地位を譲り関白が豊臣氏の世襲とする意思を改めて表明し、自分は太政大臣在任のまま実権を保持し続けた。
- Furthermore, when Tsurumatsu died of disease in 1591, Hideyoshi adopted his nephew, Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI (Naidaijin), and yielded the position of Kanpaku to him, showing again his determination to relinquish the position of Kanpaku to only the Toyotomi clan and staying in power as Dajodaijin.
- 「癸未」を503年、「男弟王」を(おおと)男大迹王と解釈すると、継体天皇は癸未武烈天皇5年8月10日 (旧暦)(503年9月18日)の時点では、大和の意柴沙加宮忍坂宮にいたとする仮説が成り立つ。
- Interpreting 'Yin Water Sheep' as 503 and 'Otonokimi' as Odonookimi leads to the hypothesis that Emperor Keitai lived in Oshisaka no Miya Palace = (Oshisaka no Miya Palace) on August 10, Yin Water Sheep Buretsu era 5 (the old calendar) (September 18, 503).
- しかし、うえの歌の「駒」が間人を譬喩しており、古代の「見る」が恋愛の直結するものであることから、自分の妻をほかの男に見られたの意に理解し、中大兄との近親相姦の関係を説く吉永登のような見解もある。
- Minoru YOSHINAGA who interprets the Emperor Kotoku's poem to mean that some man has stolen his wife, based on the assumption that 'a chess piece' is the metaphor of Hashihito and that in the ancient times 'to see someone' implies to love someone, says that Hashihito no Himemiko had an incestuous relationship with her brother, Naka no Oe no Oji.
- 死の前日に、女帝は敏達天皇の嫡孫・田村皇子を枕元に呼び、謹しんで物事を明察するように諭し、さらに聖徳太子の子山背大兄王にも、他人の意見を納れるように誡めただけで、後継者の指名は避けたようである。
- A day before her death, the Empress summoned Prince Tamura, the legitimate grandchild of Emperor Bidatsu, to her bedside and admonished him to see things through respectfully and also rebuked Prince YAMASHIRO no Oe to listen to opinions of other people, apparently avoiding appointment of her successor.
- だがこの遠征は倭寇制圧を目的とした侵攻に過ぎず、対馬の属州化要求も対馬が朝鮮の形式的な『外藩』であることを再確認させ倭寇を禁圧させるためのもので、恒久的な属国化を図る朝鮮側の意思は見出しがたい。
- However, the sole purpose of the expeditionary force's invasion was to subjugate the Wako pirates, and Joseon Korea's demand that Tsushima become a vassal state was only an attempt to reassert Korea's titular control over Tsushima as an 'outer domain' in order to encourage them to bring the Wako under control; it is difficult to find evidence of any suggestion that the Koreans were planning to make Tsushima a permanent vassal state.
- その次第を詳細に見れば、「聲譜~四聲論」(天巻所収)「十七勢~六志」(地巻所収)「二十九種對」(東巻所収)「文三十種病累、十種疾」(西巻所収)「論文意」(南巻所収)「論對属」(北巻所収)となる。
- In detail, the word order of the above sentence was firstly 'seifu to 4 seiron' which appeared in the volume of Heaven, secondly '17 sei to 6 shi' in the volume of Earth, '29 tai' in the volume of East, '30 contents of peirui and 10 shitsu' in the volume of West, 'meanings of articles' in the volume of South, and 'rontaizoku' in the volume of North.
- こうした事態を憂慮した伊藤は初代内閣総理大臣就任とともに引き続き初代宮内大臣を兼ねて天皇の意向を内閣_(日本)に伝えることで天皇の内閣への不信感を和らげ、伊藤の目指す立憲国家建設への理解を求めた。
- Concerned about this, Ito told the Cabinet (Japan) of the emperor's intention once he had been appointed to serve as the first Prime Minister while also serving as the Minister of the Imperial Household at the same time in order to quell the emperor's distrust of the Cabinet and gain his acceptance for the constitutional government Ito sought to implement.
- さらに徹底して、折口信夫の中天皇あるいは民俗学者がいうヒメ・ヒコ制で歴史を整理すれば、『古事記』・『日本書紀』の矛盾の多くが解決し、巨大古墳の被葬者の治定も容易に定まることになるとする意見もある。
- Furthermore, there is an opinion that quite a few inconsistencies in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' are solved, and deceased persons in the gigantic ancient tomb are easily identified by reviewing history adopting the Nobuo ORIGUCHI's theory regarding Nakatsusumeramikoto; Empress or Princess who is a liaison between God and Emperor, and the Hime-Hiko system advocated by folklore scholars; the Princess-Prince system; governing the country by female and male imperial family members.
- 翌元和5年には秀忠自身が上洛して参内し、与津子の兄弟である四辻季継・高倉嗣良を含む近臣らを配流し、与津子と所生の皇女文智女王らを宮中より追放することなどで合意した(およつ一件、お与津御寮人事件)。
- In the following year, in 1619, Hidetada came to the Palace, and the issue was resolved by sentencing some close aides including Yotsuko's brothers, Suetsugu YOTSUTSUJI and Tsuguyoshi TAKAKURA to banishment, and expelling Yotsuko and Princess Bunchi from the Imperial Palace. (The Oyotsu incident, The Oyotsu oryonin incident)
- これによると、男子の直系は「凡牟都和希王(ほむたわけのおおきみ・応神天皇) ─ 若野毛二俣王 ─ 大郎子(一名意富富杼王) ─ 乎非王 ─斯王(彦主人王) ─ 乎富等大公王(継体天皇)」とされる。
- This material identifies the direct male descendants of Emperor as follows; 'Homutawake no Okimi (Emperor Ojin) - Wakanukefutamata no Miko - Oiratsuko (a man whose name is Ohodo no Okimi) - Oi no Okimi - Okimi (Hikoushio) - Odo no Okimi (Emperor Keitai)'.
- ロシア帝国では、上記の諸国のような貴族的称号ではないが、皇太子に対して「皇帝(ツァーリ)の息子」という意味の語である「ツァレヴィチ(царевич, tsarevich)」という呼称が用いられた。
- In the Russian Empire, the word 'царевич, tsarevich' that means 'son of czar' was used instead of the aristocratic title in the above countries.
- 三遊派のネタとして、三遊亭圓右初代、橘家圓喬 (4代目)、三遊亭圓生 (5代目)、三遊亭圓生 (6代目)、古今亭志ん生 (5代目)、古今亭志ん朝、林家彦六(林家正蔵)など歴代の大真打が得意とした。
- SANYU group often picked up this story, and successive Oshinuchi (rakugo story teller in the highest grade) including Enu SANYUTEI (first generation), Enkyo TACHIBANAYA (the fourth generation), Ensho SANYUTEI (the fifth generation), Ensho SANYUTEI (the sixth generation), Shinsho KOKONTEI (the fifth generation), Shincho KOKONTEI, and Hikoroku HAYASHIYA (Shozo HAYASHIYA) were excellent at this story telling.
- これは、バックグラウンド黄砂が、地上から排出される大気汚染物質に含まれているSO42-(硫酸イオン)とほとんど混ざっていないことを意味し、普通の黄砂とは異なる経路を通ってきていることを示している。
- This indicates that background kosa is slightly mixed with SO42- (sulfide ion) included in air pollutants exhausted on the ground level and that this type of kosa is generated through paths different from those through which ordinary kosa is generated.
- かつてのソ連や、中華人民共和国など、共産圏の多民族国家での、分離主義を抑制し、強い政治的統合を意図した用語である、ソヴィエト民族、中華民族といった呼称については、日本語でも民族の語で訳されている。
- Terms such as the 'Soviet race' or the 'Chinese race', which were employed by multiethnic states in the communist bloc such as the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China with an intention of suppressing the separatism in order to maintain the tight political integration, are translated into Japanese using the term 'minzoku' which means race.
- 近世ノ作法、仏の懸記ニタガハズコソ、仏ノ弟子ナヲ仏意ニ背ク、マシテ在家俗士堂塔ヲ建立スル、多ハ名聞ノ為メ、若ハ家ノカザリトス、或ハ是レニヨリテ利ヲエ、或ハ酒宴ノ座席、詩歌ノ会所トシテ、無礼ノ事多シ
- The modern customs are shameful to the Buddhist record written about the future, and the students of Buddhism turned away from the will of the Buddha as the samurai of existing families built a tower, young men decorated their houses in order to have his name heard many times, gained profits from it, sat at drinking parties, or made it into kaisho where poetry is read, and held many rude activities.
- それでも、明経道の本科としての意識は強く、明経博士を務めた十市有象(中原氏の祖)による安和2年(969年)の解文には、紀伝道と明法道を「小道」と非難する一文が載せられている(『類聚符宣抄』所収)。
- Even so, Myogyodo retained itself as a regular course, and in 969, a Myogyo hakase named Yuzo Toichi (十市有象) (the founder of the Nakahara clan) wrote an official letter that included a sentence criticizing Kidendo and Myohodo as 'small courses' (this letter is included in 'Ruiju Fusensho' [A collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093]).
- また、両皇子発見譚が仮に史実ではなかったとしても「史実でない物語が付加された」ということにすぎず、天皇系譜そのものを否定したことにはならないとし、億計・弘計の両天皇の存在を主張する意見も少なくない。
- In addition, there are more than a few opinions that, even if the story of discovery of the two princes were not a historical fact, it is only that 'a story which is not a historical fact was appended' and it does not deny the Imperial lineage itself, thus advocating the actual existence of the two emperors who had been called Oke no miko.
- このような事例を受領層の苛政の表れと評価する意見もあるが、個別の事例を見ると受領が法令どおりに課税した例が圧倒的に多く、むしろ受領の方が遵法的であり、田堵負名層が私益を主張していることが判っている。
- Although there is an opinion that such cases reveal the harsh governance by the zuryo, when each case is looked at closely, clearly a great majority of the zuryo imposed tax according to the regulations, which shows that the zuryo were more law-abiding while the tato fumyo pursued their own interests.
- 関東を意識しての話しとなるが、記録に残る開発領主となった武士らが、戦闘集団である「武士団」を組織したとき、それはかき集めた農民兵ではなく、また「傭兵」でもなく、領主間で私的に結ばれた戦闘集団である。
- When the bushi became kaihatsu-ryoshu and formed the 'bushidan' military group in the Kanto region, they were not peasant soldiers, 'mercenaries,' but a privately contracted fighting group of manor lords.
- もっとも、識仁親王の早期即位を望む後水尾法皇と有力外様大名(仙台藩)の従兄弟という天皇の血筋を嫌った江戸幕府双方の意向の一致が天皇の早期退位を志向し、それが「天皇不徳説」の根底にあったとの見方もある。
- There is another theory that the Emperor was said to be immoral, given the fact that Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo wanted Imperial Prince Satohito's early enthronement and because the Edo government didn't approve of the Emperor Gosai's family line being the cousin to a strong outside daimyo (the Sendai clan), whereupon both parties caused the Emperor's early abdication to take place.
- なお、歴代将軍の中には中途で改名したものもおり、改名以前にその当時の下の字が与えられている例もあるので注意を要する(足利義稙(義材)の「材」、足利義澄(義高)の「高」、足利義輝(義藤)の「藤」など)。
- Note that some shogun changed their names and some were received a character of his former given name (such as 'ki' [材] of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA [former Yoshiki, 義材], 'taka' [高] of Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA [former Yoshitaka, 義高], and 'fumi' (藤) of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA [former Yoshifumi, 義藤]).
- これらは解釈が難しい所であるが、大日本帝國憲法においては明確に「統治權ヲ總攬(第4条)」とあるので主権は君主が有する(第4条での統治権は「總攬」が政治の掌握の意であり、すなはち国家の最高決定権を指す)。
- Interpreting these issues are difficult, however, since the Constitution of the Empire of Japan clearly describes as 'combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them (Article 4),' sovereign power resides with monarch (in Article 4, sovereignty means the highest right to decide in the nation since 'combining' means seizure of politics).
- 義経は静との名残をおしんでもうしばらく逗留するつもりだと推量した弁慶は、以前は大風でも戦場で船をだしていた義経が、そのように気弱いことをいっていてはいけない、すぐにでも船を出す、用意せよと漁師に命じる。
- Benkei, guessing that Yoshitsune wants to stay there a little longer since he is reluctant to part from Shizuka, orders the fisherman to set the boat to bear off soon, saying that Yoshitsune, who entered a battlefield despite a tempest, shouldn't say such a weak-hearted thing.
- また酒造の制限は税制上の理由であり、所得税などは申告税制になっていることから家庭内酒造についても申告納税さえすれば自由に認めるべきであり、脱税酒についてのみ取締りをするべきであるという根強い意見もある。
- There is also a persistent view that people should be allowed to make liquors freely at home as long as they fill out an income-tax return and only liquor tax evasion should be controlled, since sake brewing is only restricted for tax reasons and income tax payment is made by declaration.
- 後水尾天皇は、不和であった父後陽成天皇に、乱行があるとして退位に追い込まれた陽成天皇の「陽成」の加後号を贈り、自らは陽成の父であった清和天皇の異称「水尾」の加後号を名乗るという意志を持っていたことになる。
- The Emperor intended to take the Kagogo (a kind of posthumous name) of Emperor Seiwa's different name, 'Mizunoo' (Emperor Seiwa was a father of Emperor Yozei) for himself, and instead presented to his father 'Yozei' as the Kagogo of the Emperor Goyozei (Emperor Yozei was infamous for misconduct and was forced to be abdicated).
- 朝廷の内部資料(清涼殿に仕える女官の日誌)である『お湯殿の上の日記』に基づけば、天正9年(1581年)信長が京都で大規模な京都御馬揃えを行った直後の3月9日に、正親町天皇から退位の意向が信長に伝えられた。
- According to internal information (the diary of a court lady's who had served at Seiryo-den), 'Oyu-dono no ue no nikki,' the Emperor's intention to abdicate the throne was passed to Nobunaga on March 9, just after Nobunaga organized a massive function of Kyoto Oumazoroe in 1581.
- 「童蒙」とは、「子どもや馬鹿者」といった意味だが、そんな言葉をわざわざタイトルの頭につけたとなると、今ならちょっと鼻につくそのような謙遜から、著者の一種マニアックな「酒造りの鬼」と化した姿がうかがわれる。
- Domo' means 'children and fools,' which gives us an image of the writer as a maniac like 'a demon of sake brewing' because of the fulsome condescension that he put such a word at the beginning of the title.
- ところが、ヨーロッパの書籍から直接知識を得ようとする洋学(蘭学)が出現するようになると、従来の学問(日本固有の学術及び中国伝来の学術)はこれと区別する意味で「皇漢学(こうかんがく)」と称されるようになる。
- However, when form of studies referred to as western studies (Dutch studies) which sought to directly obtain knowledge through books from Europe started, the traditional way of studies (studies typical of Japan as well as studies introduced from China) had come to be referred to as 'koukangaku' to distinguish from western studies.
- 勅旨田設定地の多くが空閑地・荒田であることから特に意義は認められないとする見解、勅旨田は皇室の私的経済を形成するものだったとする見解、積極的に進められた国家的な開発奨励政策だったと評価する見解、などがある。
- There were views that Chokushiden is not meaningful in that most of the established land for Chokushiden was vacant land or moorland; Chokushiden was used to fund the private economy of the Imperial Household and was a national incentive for development that was actively pursued, etc.
- 余りにも濃すぎる血縁関係のためか、夫帝との間にはついに御子は恵まれなかったが、それゆえに皇位継承争いに巻き込まれることもなく平穏な生涯をまっとうできたのは、ある意味で内親王にとっては幸せだったのかもしれない。
- Maybe due to the thick blood relationship with her husband, they were less fortunate not to have any children, but because of that, she did not get involved in any Imperial succession conflict and lived out her peaceful life, so maybe she was happy in a way.
- すなわち、オットー・フォン・ビスマルク時代以後のドイツ君権強化に対する抵抗の理論として国家法人説を再生させたイェリネックの学説を導入し、国民の代表機関である議会は、内閣を通して天皇の意思を拘束しうると唱えた。
- In short, he proclaimed that the diet, a representative of nation's people, can restrain the emperor's will via the Cabinet by introducing a theory of Jellinek who reproduced the state authority theory as a theory against strengthening of monarchy in Germany in and after the period of Otto von Bismarck.
- また、旧皇室典範では、皇位継承の順序を明確に規定しており、現行の皇室典範でも、第2条で皇位継承の順序を、第3条でその順序の変更について規定しており、天皇はみずからの意思によって継承者を指名することはできない。
- The Former Imperial House Law specifies the order of succession to the Imperial Throne clearly, and the article 2 of the current Imperial House Law stipulates the order of succession to the Imperial Throne and the article 3 specifies the changes of the order, so the emperor cannot appoint his successor on his own free will.
- ちなみに、投擲する方法以外にも、近距離では分銅術として使用する方法や、石を紐で縛ったものを大量に用意しておくことで次々に投げつける方法、また、現在で言うハンマー投げように大きなものを投げつける方法などもある。
- Besides slinging, there are other techniques such as the fundo jutsu (use of the weight [fundo] to attack an opponent's body or weapon) for the short distance, throwing many prepared stones tied up with strings one after another, and throwing a big stuff like a modern hammer throwing style.
- 松本はギリシア語での/k/の表記を引き合いに出し、/k/についてkとqの二種類の文字が使われていたからと言ってそれがギリシア語で2種の子音が意図的に使い分けられていたという事実を示すわけではないことを挙げた。
- Matsumoto took Greek letters for/k/ for example and explained that the existence of two types of letters, k and q, for/k/ did not necessarily indicate the fact that these two consonants were distinguished when used.
- そこで中世の七口の関について比定する研究も行われたが、実態として7つ以上の関所が存在したのは確実で、かつ現存記録でさえ七口に該当する場所がまちまちである以上、7つを特定することには意義はないとする見解もある。
- Therefore, studies to extrapolate the Nanakuchi no seki in the medieval times was conducted, but it is certain that more than seven checkpoints existed in reality, and even existing records have different points corresponding to the Nanakuchi, which lead to an opinion that it makes no sense to identify the seven checkpoints.
- 河内祥輔は東国独立論の存在を否定(平広常の個人的意見でしかないと)する立場から、頼朝の立場を平家政権の支配からの独立とそれに代わる朝廷との関係構築を求めて、一貫して後白河法皇との直接交渉を望んだ点を重視する。
- From the standpoint that denies the existence of the argument about the independence of the Togoku region (and regards it as only a personal opinion of TAIRA no Hirotsune), Shosuke KOUCHI focuses on the fact that Yoritomo consistently desired to negotiate directly with the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa seeking independence from the ruling of the Heike government and the relationship building with the Imperial Court in lieu thereof.
- 例えば、内親王・女王による宮家の継承および創設を認める、既存の宮家の後継者としていわゆる旧皇族の男系子孫から養子(第1内親王・女王の婿等)を迎える、旧皇族を復籍するなどさまざまな意見はあるが、結論は出ていない。
- For example, there are some ideas on allowing Princesses and Empresses to succeed the Miyake, or establish new Miyake, or to adopt (the first Imperial Prince or Empress's husband and so on) male descendants of former Imperial family, as the successor to the current Miyake, or have former Imperial members come return to their positions, however there has been no solution thus far.
- 「サモラフ」は動詞「モラフ(候)」に語調を整える接頭語「サ」が接続したもので、「モラフ」は動詞「モル(窺・守)」に存在・継続の意の助動詞(動詞性接尾語ともいう)「フ」が接続して生まれた語であると推定されている。
- 'Samorafu' is a combination of the verb 'morafu' (meaning wait) and the prefix 'sa', which was added to fix the rhythm of the word, and the verb 'morafu' is thought to have come from the verb 'moru' (meaning lookout, guard) and the suffix 'fu', which was added to include the nuance of 'existence' or 'continuance'.
- 通常のナンバープレートが付けられている日常公務用の送迎車もあり、天皇・皇后用はトヨタ・センチュリー、皇太子一家用はトヨタ・アルファード、秋篠宮一家用は日産・フーガ(それぞれ違う車種の場合もあり)が用意されている。
- There are chauffeur-driven cars for daily official business with normal number plate: TOYOTA Century for the Emperor and Empress, TOYOTA ALPHARD for the family of the royal prince and Nissan FUGA for the Akishinonomiya family (the car models vary).
- ハツクニシラススメラミコトとの称は、神武天皇(『日本書紀』では始馭天下之天皇はつくにしらすすめらみこと)にも贈られており、初めて天下を治めた天皇という意味であるが、初めて国を治める天皇がふたり存在することになる。
- The name Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto was also conferred upon Emperor Jinmu (whose name is given as Hatsukunishirasu Sumera Mikoto in the Nihon Shoki but written using different characters); it originally had the meaning of an emperor who governed the entire country, however, this indicates that there were two emperors who first ruled the country.
- 『日本書紀』には、吉備氏の祖として御友別(みともわけ)の名が、『古事記』には、近江国の安(やす)国造の祖先として意富多牟和気(おほたむわけ)の名が見えるが、これらの豪族の名の構成は「ホムダワケ」と全く同じである。
- In 'Nihonshoki,' there appears a name, Mitomowake as the ancestor of the Kibi clan and, in 'Kojiki,' there can be seen a name, Otamuwake as the ancestor of the Yasu no Kuni no miyatsuko (local ruling families in ancient Japan) in Omi Province, with constitution of the names of these local ruling families are exactly the same with 'Homudawake.'
- 「武士団」の時代は、主にその院政時代以降であり、その意味では「イエ」による結合、継承は徐々に強まってはいたが、しかし後の世の「嫡流」、「本家」というような「父系家族制度」の概念に捕らわれ過ぎるとこの時代を見誤る。
- The period of 'bushidan' was mainly after that insei period, and the union by 'house' and inheritance became stronger gradually but will be misinterpreted if one is looking too much at 'a direct descendant' and 'honke' (the owner of the highest-graded patches of land under the stratified land ruling structure of Shoen) and 'paternal family system' notion of later generation.
- 御物(ごもつ。「ぎょぶつ」とも)室町幕府8代将軍足利義政が集めた唐物名物(絵画、工芸品)を東山御物(ひがしやまごもつ)、徳川家に伝えられた名物茶道具を柳営御物(りゅうえいごもつ、柳営は幕府または将軍の意味)と呼ぶ。
- Gomotsu (also called 'Gyobutsu') is the collections of famous things imported from China (pictures and art works) by Yoshimasa AHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, are called Higashiyama Gobutsu, and the famous Japanese tea utensils handed down to the Tokugawa clan are called Ryuei Gomotsu (Ryuei is the name of the Shogun or the shogunate).
- 一条は、伊周の失脚を嘆いて内裏を退出し出家していた定子をあえて再度入内させて世人の批判を浴びるほど定子を深く愛しており、彰子の立后には消極的であったが、長い逡巡の末、周囲の説得もあってついに道長の意向を受け入れた。
- Ichijo loved Teishi who moaned about the downfall of Korechika, retired from the Imperial Palace and entered into priesthood so much that he had her enter into court again regardless of criticism of people, and although he was reluctant to the investiture of the Empress to Akiko, he was persuaded by those around him to accept the intention of Michinaga in the end.
- また、楽市楽座政策をもって彼の先進性と見なす向きもあるが、戦国期に畿内を中心とした土地を大規模な範囲で支配出来たのは信長が最初であるという事情もあり、むしろ経済史の流れに沿っている側面も強いことに注意が必要である。
- The rakuichi-rakuza policy is considered to demonstrate Nobunaga's progressive outlook but there is also the fact that he was the first to achieve wide-reaching territorial control centered around the Kinki region during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and it is necessary to note that the phenomenon was very important part of economic history.
- 堀説では、信長は天下統一まで任官できないとして右大臣兼右近衛大将を辞官しており統一前に任官する理由が立たないことを指摘し、信長には任官の意思はなく、律令体制に留まらず中華皇帝を指向していたと推察できるともしている。
- Hori pointed out that Nobunaga had resigned as Minister of the Right and Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards because he would not take any official post until his unification of the whole country, and Hori also said Nobunaga probably did not want any official post, and instead he had the aim of becoming an emperor outside the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- なお、本来「大向う」とは舞台から見た「向う」側であり、「お客様は神様」という発想から偉いという意味の「大」をつけた役者側から見た尊敬語なので、掛け声を掛ける者が「私、大向うをやります」などと言うのは誤った用法である。
- Note that '大向う' (o-muko) originally means the other side seen from the stage ('向う' (muko) means 'the other side'), and '大' represents the respect from actors toward audiences based on the idea 'the visitors are the gods' (often used in service industry as 'the customer is always right'), therefore, it is a wrong usage when audience says 'I'll do o-muko.'
- 第10代崇神天皇の皇女豊鍬入姫命の後を継ぎ天照大神の「御杖代(みつえしろ、神の意を受ける依代)」として大和国から伊賀国・近江国・美濃国・尾張国の諸国を経て伊勢国の国に入り、神託により現在地に伊勢神宮を創建したとされる。
- She succeeded Toyosukiiribime no Mikoto, the daughter of the tenth Empero, Sujin, as the 'Mitsueshiro,' a kind of prophet or oracle of the goddess Amaterasu Omikami, and traveled from Yamato Province, through Iga Province, Omi Province, Mino Province, and Owari Province, arriving in Ise Province, where she is said to have received an oracle to build Ise Jingu Shrine at its present location.
- この期の大刀の柄の長さは片手用で、頭椎大刀のように球形に張り出した柄頭は、バット (野球)のグリップエンドのように実用的な意味もあったと思われるが、これらの豪華な外装に包まれた大刀が実際に使用されたかどうかは判らない。
- The length of the swords at the time was designed for use with one hand, and the ball-like pommels found in kabutsuchi-no-tachi may have been for practical use similar to the knob of a baseball bat, but whether such large swords fitted with decorative mountings were really used or not remains unknown.
- 九代目は、父・七代目が銘打った「新歌舞伎十八番」という名称は維持したが、その演目数は18に収まりきらず、結局「十八番」を数字の「じゅうはちばん」ではなく、むしろ得意芸の「おはこ」の意味に解釈して、32ないし40を撰じた。
- Danjuro the ninth maintained the name 'Shin Kabuki Juhachi Ban,' which had been given by his father, Danjuro the seventh, but the selection contained more than eighteen programs, and in the end he selected thirty-two or forty programs based on an interpretation of 'Juhachi Ban' not as '18 programs' but as 'Ohako, one's favorite stunt.'
- 菊五郎は尊敬する市川小團次 (4代目)が初演した『勧善懲悪覗機関』(村井長庵)をやりたかったが、これは菊五郎の柄に合わないと考えた関係者の意向を汲んで、黙阿弥が「村井長庵」の細部の筋書きを元に新たに書き直したものである。
- Kikugoro wanted to perform 'Kanzen choaku nozoki karakuri' (commonly known as 'Choan Murai') that Kodanji ICHIKAWA IV had played for the first time, but understanding the intention of persons involved that it was not befitting to Kikugoro's character, Mokuami rewrote it into a new program based on the outline of the details detailed outline?? of 'Choan Murai.'
- ただし、地方公共団体の有形民俗文化財として指定を受けた場合において、その登録有形民俗文化財について、その保存及び活用のための措置を講ずる必要があり、かつ、その所有者の同意がある場合は、例外的に登録を抹消しないことができる。
- However, when it is designated as tangible folk cultural property of a local public entity, the registry may not be canceled exceptionally provided that the registered tangible folk cultural property needs some measure for its preservation and application, and the owner agrees.
- 近親者を殺されてその復讐をする例は、南イタリアを始めとして、世界各地で見られるが、江戸時代の敵討は、喧嘩両成敗を補完する方法として法制化されていたことと、主眼は復讐ではなく武士の意地・面目であるとされていた点に特徴がある。
- Cases of revenge after the killing of a close relative are found in various parts of the world, including southern Italy; however, the characteristic of Katakiuchi in the Edo period is that it was legitimized as a method to supplement Kenka Ryoseibai (in a quarrel both parties are to blame) and that the aim was not the revenge but the pride or honor of a samurai.
- 検断とは統治すること・裁判することを意味する言葉であり、中世日本では治安行政と刑事司法とが未分化だったため、統治することが裁判を行うことと密接につながっていたのである(日葡辞書によると、検断は統治・裁判を行う役職、とある)。
- 'Kendan' is a word which means both to govern and judge; since public safety administration and criminal justice were undifferentiated in medieval Japan, the concept of governing was closely associated with the concept of judging (according to a Japanese - Portuguese dictionary, 'kendan' is a role which governs and judges).
- 一方、単価の高い小ロット品の生産を得意とする京漆器では米糊などを添加しないため、下地材全体に対する漆の割合が50重量%程度(wet重量、固形分では60重量%程度)と、樹脂分の高い下地を施すためコストはかかるが堅牢な器ができる。
- On the other hand, in the case of Kyo-shikki good at production of small lots with a high unit price, percentage of lacquer in the whole foundation is about 50 percent by weight (wet)/60 percent by weight (dry) because rice glue is not added, so the artifacts are costly but durable thanks to foundation which contains much resin.
- 現行の特定名称による区分は、アルコール度数による級別制度と異なり、その区分基準によってある一定の品質を保証していると捉えることができるが、任意の申請を行わない醸造酒がより下位の特定名称酒として流通することを妨げるものではない。
- In contrast to the classification system based on alcohol content, the current classification based on the specific class names can be regarded as a guarantee of a certain level of quality under its classification standard; however, it cannot prevent brews which are not processed for optional application from being distributed as lower grade of special designation sake.
- 鉄火と似たような「あかがね」や「赤鉄」という言葉があるが、あかがね(銅・赤金)は、銅や赤銅(しゃくどう)や、赤味掛かった金色をした合金の意味であり、赤鉄(せきてつ)は酸化第二鉄(Fe2O3) のことであり、いわゆる赤錆のこと。
- Although there are words 'akagane' and 'sekitetsu,' which are similar to tekka, akagane means copper or an alloy with reddish gold color, and sekitetsu is ferric oxide (Fe2O3), or so-called red rust.
- 未婚時代には島田髷が結われるのに対して、結婚すると丸髷に変わるので、オペラ「蝶々夫人」を日本の風俗に忠実に演ずる場合は(長崎の芸者だったヒロインが冒頭で結婚するため)途中で髪形を変えねばならずカツラを二種類用意することがある。
- Because women wear shimada-mage when they are single and marumage after their marriage, the heroine of the opera 'Madama Butterfly' has to change her hairstyle during the performance if she is to be faithful to Japanese customs (the heroine who was geisha [Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party] in Nagasaki gets married at the beginning of the play); so that two kinds of wigs are sometimes prepared.
- 現代では冷蔵庫など食品の保存に便利な装置や輸送面での技術的進歩によりあまり意識されない所ではあるが、かつては食材の鮮度保持や雑菌繁殖予防などで様々な工夫が行われ、その一部は今日ヅケと呼ばれる調理や味付けの技法に生き残っている。
- At one time various kinds of efforts were made for preserving freshness or preventing contamination and so on, but now they are not noticed because of convenient devices for keeping foods such as refrigerators or technical developments of transportation, a part of which remains in the cooking or seasoning technique called zuke (tuna preserved with soy sauce).
- もっとも、それら「科学的反証」とは別に、そもそもこのような古典楽曲に科学的根拠を求める必要性があるのかという意見や、国歌とはいえ「詩」という文学的、比喩的表現の中に厳密な「科学性」を求めること自体がナンセンスであるともいえる。
- Some question whether scientific grounds are necessary for classic music even if such scientific facts exist, and they believe that requiring a strict 'scientific nature' for a verse—which is, after all, just a literary and figurative expression—can be described as nonsense, even if it is for a national anthem.
- また、軍国主義的だという点から見ても、古い軍歌であるラ・マルセイエーズを国歌としているフランスを始めとして、過激な軍歌調或いは軍歌そのものの国歌を持っている国は多く、君が代が特別軍国主義を象徴するものではないとする意見もある。
- With respect to the point that Kimigayo is militaristic, there is an opinion that, starting with France of which national anthem is old martial music, La Marseillaise, there are many countries that have national anthems that are extremely militaristic or a martial song itself and Kimigayo does not particularly symbolize militarism.
- 古賀と中村は天皇と主だった公卿が東京にいる以上、まず東京で事を起こさなければ意味がないと説き、これに同意した愛宕は明治4年1月28日(1871年3月18日)に比喜多・安木らを連れて京都を出て2月4日(3月24日)に東京に入った。
- Koga and Nakamura asserted that nothing would change unless trouble was caused in Tokyo as long as the emperor and important court nobles stayed in Tokyo, and Otagi, who agreed with this assertion, left Kyoto with Hikita, Yasuki, and others on March 18, 1871, and entered Tokyo on March 24.
- これは兼通の権勢もあるが、兼家が当時兄の冷泉上皇には娘・藤原超子を納れていたにも関わらず、天皇である自分の許には娘を納れていなかったために天皇も兼家に含むところがあり娘・遵子を納れていた頼忠の方に好意を抱いていたとする見方もある。
- This was partly due to Kanemichi's power; one theory asserts that Emperor Enyu preferred Yoritada, who had sent his daughter Junshi to him, but on the other hand Kaneie did not send any of his daughters to Emperor Enyu, although he did so for the Retired Emperor Reizei, so the Emperor did not have complete trust in Kaneie.
- 彼は、その論拠として総序の末尾、先述の「配巻軸於六合…」の前に「総有一十五種類、謂聲譜、調聲、八種韻、四聲論、十七勢、十四例、六義、十體、八階、六志、二十九種對、文三十種病累、十種疾、論文意、論對属等、是也」と見えることを挙げる。
- As the ground of his thesis, he mentioned there was a phrase at the end of the general introduction 'the theory is classified into 115 categories, I think, as follows; seifu (tones), chosho (a leading part of sutra sentences), 8 in (八種韻, 8 rhymes), 4 seiron (四聲論, 4 tone methods), 17 sei (十七勢, 17 powers), 14 rei (十四例, 14 examples), 6 gi (六義, 6 doctrines), 10 tei (十體, 10 formats), 8 kai (八階, 8 grades), 6 shi (六志, 6 wills), and 29 tai (二十九種對, 29 replies), 30 contents of peirui (文三十種病累, 30 contents of disease related),10 shitsu (十種疾, 10 disease), meanings of articles, rontaizoku (論對属, attached articles), and so on' before the phrase of 'the volumes are titled after the universe …' mentioned above.
- 伏見宮家は、貞常親王以来連綿として皇位継承権を保持してきており、それは当然、そこから派生した各宮家にも及んでいるものであるが、伏見宮家が保持した皇位継承権は、単に本家との血縁の近さに基づくものではないことには留意しなければならない。
- The Fushiminomiya family succeeded to the throne from generation to generation since Imperial Prince Sadatsune and of course this influenced their branch families however, it must be noted that the Fushiminomiya family's right to succeed the throne was not just due to the fact they had a close blood line to the main family.
- これに不満を抱いた後深草院は、翌建治元年(1275年)、太上天皇の尊号辞退と出家の意思を表明し、時の関東申次で後深草院寄りの西園寺実兼が執権北条時宗と折衝し、後深草天皇の皇子熈仁親王(伏見天皇)を同年中に立太子させることに成功した。
- The Gofukakusa in was not happy about the situation, he demonstrated his dissatisfaction by declining from his position as the retired emperor and to receive the respected name in 1275, Sanekane SAIONJI, who was the Kanto Moshitsugi in this period and favored the Retired Emperor Gofukakusa, negotiated with the regent, Tokimune HOJO, he succeeded to have Gofukakusa's Prince, Imperial Prince Hirohito (the Emperor Fushimi) to become Crown Prince in the same year.
- しかし、この来目歌がどの程度史実を反映するものかどうかは判然とせず、またここで登場する「えみし」が後の「蝦夷」を意味するかどうかも判然としないため、古い時代の蝦夷の民族的性格や居住範囲については諸説があり確かなことはわかっていない。
- However, it isn't clear how accurately this Kumeuta reflects the history or whether 'Emishi' in this poem means the same '蝦夷' that appeared in later history; instead, there are various theories about the characteristics as an ethnic group of an occupied zone of '蝦夷' in ancient times, but no one knows for sure.
- 文保の和談(ぶんぽうのわだん)とは、鎌倉時代後期の文保元年(1317年)、後嵯峨天皇の皇子である、後深草天皇の子孫(持明院統)と亀山天皇の子孫(大覚寺統)の両血統の天皇が交互に即位する(両統迭立)ことを定めたとされる合意のことである。
- The Bunpo Compromise is an agreement made in 1317, the late Kamakura period, that succession to the throne would alternate between descendants of Emperor Gofukakusa (Jimyoin-to - imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) and descendants of Emperor Kameyama (Daikakuji-to - imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) (both were the sons of Emperor Gosaga).
- ところが支那学形成の中心が京都帝国大学であった事からこれに反発する東京大学関係者や古来日本が文明を取り入れた中国と当時の列強による半植民地状態の中国を意図的に分離を図る国粋主義者の中には依然として「漢学」という呼称を用いる者があった。
- However, because Chinology had been developed mainly in Kyoto Imperial University, the term 'kangaku' was still used by members of the University of Tokyo who were opposed to Kyoto Imperial University and ultranationalists who were trying to establish a distinction between the China from which ancient Japan had imported its civilization and the China of that time, which had been almost entirely colonized by more powerful countries.
- 当時、後光明天皇が余りにも急な死に方をしたために毒殺と噂され、天皇による高貴宮(後の霊元天皇)の養子縁組の意思表示の有無が疑問とされたが、後光明天皇の側近らは天皇が高貴宮の誕生直後より万一に備えて縁組の意向を表明していたと主張している。
- Due to the sudden death of Emperor Gokomyo, there was concern that the Emperor might be poisoned by someone, and the Emperor's acceptance to adopt Atenomiya (Prince Ate, later called Emperor Reigen) was questioned; however, Emperor Gokomyo's close advisers insisted that the Emperor wanted this arrangement to be organized in order to prepare for the worst-case scenario when Atenomiya was born.
- 特に、千利休による茶道の大成は、禅の思想に基づく“わび・さび”の考え方と、豊臣秀吉の発案との言い伝えを持ち、美醜について大きく意見の分かれる“金の茶室”という極限的な豪壮さを一つに内包したものと言え、今も日本文化全体に強く影響している。
- In particular, completion of 'sado (tea ceremony)' by SEN no Rikyu, which can be said to include the idea of 'wabi, sabi' based on Zen Buddhism and the ultimately splendid 'golden tea arbor,' which is handed down as the idea of Hideyoshi and for which opinion on beauty is divided, gives strong influence on the whole culture of Japan even today.
- 一切の解説文がないため、どのような妖怪を意図して描かれたものかは想像の域を出ないが、妖怪ではなく実在の動物であるヤマアラシを描いたもの、またはヤマアラシが全身の棘によって相手を威嚇するという断片的な情報が妖怪視されたもの、などの説がある。
- Because no detailed description is attached to it, no one can be sure what kind of Yokai (specter) the Yama-arashi represents, but some say that the Yama-arashi is not Yokai but merely an illustrated figure of the real animal, porcupine (yama-arashi in Japanese), or that fragmented information that a porcupine uses its spines to threaten other animals created the fictitious Yokai, Yama-arashi.
- これには「玉穂宮天皇大御世系」とあり、その下に「品陀和気命(御諡 応人天皇) ─ 若沼毛二俣王 ─ 大郎子(亦名 意本杼王) ─ 宇斐王 ─ 汙斯王(書記云 彦主人王)─ 袁本杼命(書記云 更名 彦太尊 御諡 継体天皇)」と彫り込まれている。
- Under the title 'Genealogy of Emperor Tamaho no miya', the inscription says 'Homudawake no Mikoto (posthumous name Emperor Ojin) - Wakanukefutamata no Miko - Ooiratsuko (a man whose name is 意本杼王) - Oi no Okimi - Ushi no Okimi (according to Nihonshoki, Hikoushio) - Oodo no Okimi (according to Nihonshoki, other name Hikofu no Mikoto, posthumous name Emperor Keitai)'.
- 尊皇攘夷の中心的な役割を果たしてきた薩摩藩・長州藩両藩を中心とした明治政府が成立したことにより、攘夷が断行されると信じていた全国の攘夷派は明治政府が戊辰戦争が終わると直ちに「開国和親」を国是とする方針を打ち出したことに強い失意と憤慨を抱いた。
- The joi-ha all over the nation believed that foreigners would be expelled by the establishment of the Meiji Government whose main members were from Satsuma and Choshu clans that played important roles in the expulsion of the foreigners, but they were deeply disappointed and outraged by the Meiji Government's issuance of the 'Kaikoku Washin (opening the country to the world with peace and amity)' policy immediately after the end of the Boshin War.
- このため、承久の乱後においては、幕府の政治的影響力の拡大を差し引いても後鳥羽院に同情的な意見は少なく、『愚管抄』・『六代勝事記』・『神皇正統記』などは、いずれも院が覇道的な政策を追求した結果が招いた自業自得の最期であったと手厳しいものがあった。
- Consequently, after the Jokyu War there was little sympathy for Go-Toba-in, although the Kamakura government had strong political power; in historical books such as 'Gukansho,' 'Rokudai shojiki' and 'Jinno shotoki,' it is said that the Emperor deserved to die the way he did after ruling the government through the use of his dominant power.
- この中には、敵兵力に対して実力を行使するだけでなく、隣接勢力に対する嫌がらせの意味も含め、日常的な焼討ちや、食料を断つ“刈り働き”(あるいは“青田刈り”)も含まれており、結果として、そのエスカレーションが、大規模な軍事行動を誘引する面もあった。
- Not only applying raw power against the enemy's armed forces, but also day-to-day attacking and burning or 'karibataraki (to send a small group of soldiers to an opponent's territory to cut wheat and rice off their fields and take it back (a kind of tactic that was used during the Sengoku Period) ' (or 'aotagari (literally, cutting off rice plants while it is still green)') to cut out the supply of foods as a kind of harassment to the opponent are included in such conflicts and as a result, escalation from such conflicts led to a large-scale military operation
- なお、戦前の皇国史観においては、鎌倉幕府が亀山法皇の遺詔を無視して恒明親王を立てなかったことを「不忠」であると非難する主張がなされる事があったが、幕府はあくまでも亀山法皇の嫡男でありかつ当時の治天の君であった後宇多上皇の意向に従っただけに過ぎない。
- Under the emperor-centered historiography based on state Shinto before the War, there was criticism towards the Kamakura bakufu's disloyalty since they ignored the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama's will to allow Imperial Prince Tsuneaki succeed to the throne, but the bakufu only obeyed the Retired Emperor Gouda's intention, who was the eldest son of the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama and the Chiten no kimi (person in power) at that time.
- また、記紀の史料批判により、継体天皇以前の編年は到底正しいとは言えず、このころの王家内部では文字による記録が常時取られていたとは考えがたいことから、記紀に伝えられた干支や系譜を元に倭の五王を推定するという試み自体をあまり意味がないとする意見も根強い。
- In agreement with the criticism on 'Kiki''s credibility as historical material and from the fact that the chronology before Emperor Keitai is far from truth, and that it is hard to believe that the Imperial family kept written records on a steady basis, some people strongly deny the meaning of the attempt to presume the five kings of Wa from the Oriental zodiac and the genealogy in 'Kiki'.
- 月ヶ瀬梅林で栽培されるウメの種類に関しては1957年に発表された「名勝月瀬学術調査」において「月ヶ瀬梅林では、梅の実の収穫量の多い遅咲きのウメばかりを栽培したために『春に先駆けて咲く梅の花』の魅力を感じられなくなった(意訳)」との考察がなされている。
- As for the types of plum trees cultivated in Tsukigase Bairin, 'The Academic Research on Scenic Beauty Tsukigase' released its observation in 1957 that 'most plum trees in Tsukigase Bairin are prolific late bloomers, which means one cannot appreciate the charm of 'plum blossoms heralding the arrival of spring' (paraphrase).'
- 和歌山県有田郡廣村(現・広川町 (和歌山県))や広島県山県郡 (広島県)では、ヤマアラシは別名を「シイ」といい、毛を逆立てる姿をウシがたいへん恐れるので、牛を飼う者は牛に前進させる際に「後ろにシイがいるぞ」という意味で「シイシイ」と命令するのだという。
- In Arita County of Wakayama Prefecture (present-day Hirokawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture) and Yamagata County of Hiroshima Prefecture, Yama-arashi is also called 'Shii'; cow keepers often say 'Shii, Shii', meaning 'Yama-arashi is behind you', to move cows forward as cows are very scared of porcupines full of spines.
- こういった問題において、例えば箸は軽度の意識障害や指先の運動機能障害がある場合に大変扱い難い食器となってしまうわけだが、ここで先割れスプーン(特に先端部がフォーク状になっているもの)を使うと、無理な姿勢で食器に顔を近づけずとも、口元まで食事を運びやすい。
- For instance, in these problems, chopsticks are difficult to use for people who have disturbance of consciousness or motility disorder of fingertips, here, if they use spork (particularly, they use the spork with fork-like tip), it is easy for them to bring food to their mouths without moving their faces to eating utensils in unnatural posture.
- これに対しては『「父親が違うとはいえ、兄を差し置いて弟が」ということでは体裁が悪いので、意図的に天智の年齢を引き上げたのだ』との主張があるが、『「日本書紀」に見える、天智の年齢16歳は父舒明天皇が即位した時の年齢だったのを間違えて崩御した時の年齢にしてしまった。
- Some people say that Emperor Temmu's age was purposely falsified since it was an embarrassing fact that the younger brother became the emperor before his older brother even though they are half-brothers with the same mother; but some argue that according to 'Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki),' Emperor Temmu's age was 16 when his father, Emperor Jomei, was enthroned, but it was said that he was 16 when his father died.
- 現在では、級別制度のあったころに比べて消費者が自分で商品情報を見極めて選択できるように、原料米名、産地名など、国税庁による日本酒国税庁の清酒の製法品質表示基準による任意記載事項を初めとして、精米歩合、仕込み方、瓶詰めの仕方など多様な情報がラベルに表示されている。
- As compared with the time when the old classification system was still effective, the optional entries such as brand name of the rice and area of production based on the standard that regulates the method of manufacturing and quality labeling of refined sake issued by the National Tax Administration Agency, as well as various information on the rice-polishing ratio, preparation method, and bottling method, are nowadays listed on the label in order for consumers to evaluate the product information and select their product on their own.
- ところが、歴史研究家の立花京子が晴豊の日記全体の「被申候」使用例を分析した結果、村井貞勝の言葉と解釈し、独断専行を嫌う信長に無断で貞勝が発言するはずがないとし、信長の将軍任官の意向を踏まえたものであったと主張したことにより、歴史学者の間で賛否両論の論争となった。
- However, Kyoko TACHIBANA, a researcher of history, studied usages of '被申候'in other passages across Haretoyo's diary and concluded it was what Sadakatsu MURAI said, arguing that Sadakatsu would never say such a thing without Nobunaga's permission because Nobunaga disliked his followers' arbitrary decisions or executions, and that he represented Nobunaga's wish to gain the post, which led to controversies of pros and cons among historians.
- だが、あくまでも崇徳を忌避する鳥羽、不仲である崇徳の院政によって自身が掣肘されることを危惧する美福門院、そして自身が乳母夫を勤める雅仁親王の即位による台頭をめざした信西らの合意によって、次代の守仁の即位を前提として、その父王雅仁が中継ぎとして即位することとなった。
- However, because Sutoku was disfavored by Toba and Bifuku mon in was concerned about her position after Sutoku started his cloister government, and Shinzei wanted Imperial Prince Masahito to succeed to the throne since he was the educator and had the intention of entering the political arena, they all agreed that Prince Morihito should succeed to the throne, while Morihito's father, Prince Masahito, was put in the position until Morihito's official enthronement could take place.
- 頼通が失意のあまり引退した後、藤原彰子の推挙で弟の教通を関白にしたが、反摂関家の急先鋒で東宮時代の天皇を庇護していた故能信の養子の藤原能長や、村上源氏の源師房等を登用して摂関家の政権独占打破を図り、大江匡房や藤原実政等の下級役人などを登用し、積極的に親政を行った。
- After Yorimichi abdicated with great disappointment, his brother Norimichi became chancellor (chief advisor to the Emperor) with the help of FUJIWARA no Shoshi; moreover, Fujiwara no Yoshinobu's adopted son FUJIWARA no Yoshinaga and MINAMOTO no Morofusa, of the Murakami Minamoto clan, were given the positions needed to defeat the dominant politics of the Sekkan-ke, and appointed the lower government officials such as OE no Masafusa and FUJIWARA no Sanemasa, because FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu had supported the Emperor when he was the crown prince and was an active leader in opposition to the Sekkan-ke.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 水子とはこのように、もともとは死亡した胎児だけでなく乳児期、幼児期に死亡した子供を含む概念であったが、戦後の日本で人工妊娠中絶が爆発的に増加したことを受け、1970年代ごろから中絶で死んだ胎児の霊を弔う水子供養の習慣が広まっていくとともに、現在の意味が定着していった。
- Just as described, Mizuko was a notion that included not only dead fetuses, but also children who have died during their infancy or in early childhood; however, due to the explosive increase of abortion in Japan after the war, the meaning which is used in the present day began to take hold as the custom of mizuko kuyo (a mass for a body lost through miscarriage or abortion) spread from around 1970s.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期には京都での天皇や公家の窮乏は著しく、烏帽子を逆さまにして物乞いをしたり、共同浴場に出向いたりする公家も生じるようになったが、有力戦国大名や織田信長政権が天皇・公家を政治的・経済的に意識的に保護したことによってその後まで制度として継続することになる。
- At the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the destitution of the Emperor and Kuge in Kyoto was remarkable, like some Kuge begged by putting his formal headwear for court nobles upside down and some Kuge going to public bathhouse, but it was continued as a system because of the intentional protections of the Emperor and Kuge in both political and economical ways made by powerful Sengoku-daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the government by Nobunaga ODA.
- ここに至って近衛基熙や江戸幕府は、霊元天皇による四宮擁立の真意が皇子可愛さだけではなく、院政を開始して摂家や幕府の干渉を排して思いのままの政治を行うための長期計画の一環であり、すぐに成人を迎えてしまう年長の一宮に皇位を譲る事が不都合であったからであった事に気付くのである。
- This development made Motohiro KONOE and the Bakufu in Edo realize that the true motive underlying Emperor Reigen's insistence on succession by Shinomiya had not only been love of his own son but part of his long-cherished scheme to assume the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor and exercising ruling authority without allowing interference by the Sekkanke or the Bakufu, to whom handing over the imperial throne to the older Ichinomiya, who would soon become of age, would have been a disadvantage.
- そのため能信が妻の姪にあたる養女茂子を妃に入れたのだが、いくら能信の養女でも実父が中納言では、東宮妃にはふさわしくないと非難されている(また、当時養女を妃に入れたのは最高実力者であった頼通のみであり、能信がそれを行うのは不相応であるという意味合いがあったとも言われている)。
- Due to the above background, Yoshinobu sent his wife's niece, and also his adopted daughter, Moshi to the Imperial Palace to become Empress; however, some people criticized that Moshi was not suitable as the Crown Prince's Empress since her real father's official rank was mere Chunagon (also it was only Yorimichi, who had the most political power at that time, to send an adopted daughter to become Empress, thus it is said that some people considered it was not appropriate for Yoshinobu to do that because his official rank was not high enough).
- この時期、諸国の神社領は、地頭、非御家人のみならず、本所による恣意的な神官任命や別相伝(神社領が細分化され本所である摂関家等の縁故者に占有されること)承認により、神官による神社領管理が不安定となっており、このため財源に事欠くことから神社における諸儀式が滞るようになっていた。
- In this period, the management of shrine estates by Shinto priests was destabilized by arbitrary appointment of priests and approval of betsusoden (fragmentation of shrines' estates to be separately possessed by Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor) or other persons having particular relations, who were honsho (nominal landowners)) by not only jito (estate stewards) and higokenin (lower-ranking samurai not under official control of the Bakufu) but also by honsho, and the consequent lack of funds prevented shrines from duly performing various rituals.
- だが、鎌倉幕府は今回の事件は大覚寺統全体が関与していないものであるから、後醍醐天皇と対立関係にある大覚寺統嫡流から皇太子を輩出して、引き続き大覚寺統と持明院統が交代で皇位継承(両統迭立)をすべきであるとしたため、持明院統もこれに同意して当時13歳の康仁親王の立太子を容認した。
- However, the Kamakura bakufu insisted that because this incident had nothing to do with the Daikakuji Imperial line, the Daikakuji Imperial line should appoint a successor to the Crown Prince, and Imperial succession should be shared alternately between the two parties in turns continuously, the Jimyoin Imperial line agreed to this and accepted Imperial Prince Yasuhito as Crown Prince who was thirteen years old at the time.
- しかし「東大寺要録」の版本や刊本には「媱行」と書かれているものが多く、「媱」の字には「肩を曲げて歩くさま」から転じて「見目良い」「美しく舞う」「戯れる」といった意味があるため、むしろ「浪費が激しく、豪華絢爛な交友や、万燈会などの華やかな催しを好んだ女性」とみるのが適切であろう。
- However according to the printed and published book of 'the record of Todai-ji Temple,' it was often written as '媱行,' because the character '媱' has the meaning of walking with one shoulder down, of which then the meaning was changed to 'good looking' or 'dances beautifully' or 'playing,' it can be presumed that Princess Sakahito was a woman who was described as 'she was a big spender and preferred to go to luxurious functions like Mando e or socializing with wealthy friends.'
- この指定制度が発足した背景には、平凡な人々のあいだに繰り返されてきた伝承文化が保護の対象になる、という考え方が定着したことにもよるが、昨今の社会の急激な変貌により、営々として長期にわたって継承されてきた「民間伝承」が、今絶滅の危機に瀕しているという問題意識によるところも大きい。
- This designation system was introduced in part because of the increasing belief that traditional culture passed down from generation to generation by ordinary people is to be protected, but mostly due to awareness that well-established 'folk traditions' with a long history have been put in danger of disappearing by drastic changes in society in recent years.
- 最初は、この語を、気障生意気などの意に用ひ、髮の分け方苅り込方の気障なるをも、ハイカラと冷評し、女の庇髪の出過ぎたるをもハイカラと罵倒したりしが、小松氏の言、讖<しん>をなせしにや、終には、其義を引伸して、洒落者、或は最新式などの義にも用ひ、社会上下を通じて、一般の流行語となれり。
- At first the word was used to mean affectation, impudence and so on like calling hikara an affected manner of dividing or cutting hair, or abusing too long hisashigami as haikara, but as Mr. KOMATSU predicted, the word has widened its meaning including a fashionable person or being up-to-date and it has become a popular word both in the upper social class and in the lower social class.
- 以前から天皇は、弟宮の八条宮智仁親王への譲位を望んでいたが、豊臣秀吉の猶子となったことがある親王への譲位は、豊臣家と敵対する幕府が難色を示し、また後陽成帝の皇子・後水尾天皇へ徳川秀忠の娘徳川和子を入内させようとしていた家康の意向に沿わなかったため、譲位すらもままならない状況が続いた。
- The Emperor had wished to abdicate his throne in favor of his younger brother Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA, but the Bakufu, the arch enemy of the Toyotomi family, was against his wish, as the Prince had been once a yushi (an adopted son in an old Japanese way) of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and it also was the intention of Ieyasu who wanted judai (entering the Imperial Palace after an official ceremony) of Kazuko TOKUGAWA, a daughter of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, as a consort of Emperor Gomizunoo, a son of Emperor Goyozei, with the consequence that the Emperor was not free even to abdicate.
- 逆に、後世の女帝のあり方から類推すると、男子皇族間の皇位継承争いの予兆があってそれを緩和ないし未然に防ぐ意図があったかとも思われる(少なくともこの時、後の継体天皇が属した応神天皇に連なる息長氏系と、倭彦王が属した仲哀天皇に連なる家系の二つはあり、他にも男系子孫がいた可能性もなくはない)。
- On the contrary, estimating from the later Empress, as there was a predictor of a succession struggle among male Imperial families, she is thought to have tried to prevent or ease it in advance (at least at that time, there were two family lines such as Okinaga clan descending from Emperor Ojin whom the later Emperor Keitai belonged to and the family line descending from Emperor Chuai whom Yamato hiko no o belonged to and it is possible for her to have had the other male descendants).
- このことから、他の王もそうであるとして、「讃」を応神天皇の実名ホムタワケの「ホム」から、「珍」を反正天皇の実名ミヅハワケの「ミヅ」から、「済」を允恭天皇の実名ヲアサヅマワクゴノスクネの「ツ」から、「興」を安康天皇の実名アナホの「アナ」を感嘆の意味にとらえたものから来ている、という説もある。
- If this theory can be applied to other kings, '讃' or 'Homu' may be for Emperor Ojin whose real name is Homutawake, '珍' or 'Mizu' for Emperor Hanzei (Mizuhawake), '済' or 'Tsu', for Emperor Ingyo (Woasazumawakugonosukune), and '興' for Emperor Anko (Anaho) because '興' means excitement and 'Ana' is a note of admiration.
- 市松人形の名前の由来としては、顔立ちが江戸時代中期の歌舞伎役者、佐野川市松に似ていたため市松人形と名付けられたと言う説、当時「市松」と言う子供が多かったので、子供の人形と言う意味合いで市松人形と呼ばれたと言う説、市松模様の衣装を着せて売られていたため、市松人形と名付けられたと言う説がある。
- There are three widely held explanations regarding the origin of the name of Ichimatsu ningyo; the name came from Ichimatsu SANOGAWA, a kabuki actor in the mid- Edo period, who resembles the doll in its face, the name carries the connotation of the doll for kids whose prevailing name at that time was 'Ichimatsu,' and it was named so because it was sold with a checkered pattern costume.
- 要するに、平家を見限った甲斐源氏の加々美長清が、老母の病を口実に東国へ帰ろうと考え、それを平知盛(平清盛の四男)に申し出たところ許しては貰えなかったが、高橋判官平盛綱はその真意に気づきながらも、「家人のように抑留すべきでない」と平知盛に口添えをしてくれて、やっと知盛の許しを得たという話し。
- Nagakiyo KAGAMI of Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan) saw a limit to the power of Taira clan and decided to return to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) by asking TAIRA no Tomomori (the fourth son of TAIRA no Kiyomori) using an excuse of the illness of his elderly mother, but his request was not granted, but TAIRA no Moritsuna, who was the Takahashi no hangan (inspector - third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period) advised TAIRA no Tomomori 'not to force him to stay like Kenin' despite knowing his true intention and he finally gained permission from Tomomori.
- この法令によって意図されたものとしては、今後の室町幕府の土地に関する基本的原則と所領訴訟に対する姿勢が確立して、結果的には守護領国制が事実上公認されたこと、半済から守られることとなった天皇家や摂関家との関係を強化して後年の義満による朝廷・院政支配への道を開いたことの意味の方が大きいと言える。
- Among the goals in the enactment of this law, the following points can be regarded as more significant than others: First, the basic principles of administration of territories and the basic approach toward litigation over territories were established by the Muromachi bakufu, resulting in the de facto recognition of the Shugo-ryogoku system; second, the relationships with the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke, both of which were exempt from hanzei by this law, were strengthened, clearing the way for Yoshimitsu to rule over the Imperial Court and the Retired Emperor in later years.
- 兄弟が畿内周辺を彷徨し、聖なる新室宴において唱え言をあげたことや、弘計の別名である「来目稚子」が久米舞を継承する来目部(くめべ)を連想させること、神楽歌における囃し言葉を「おけおけ」ということなどから、当時に溯る民俗的背景がほのみえ、両皇子発見譚に史実性を認めながらも、詳細には意見は割れている。
- From stories that the brothers wandered around Kinai and chanted at a sacred celebration party for a new house, that the different name of the younger Oke, 'Kume no wakugo,' reminds Kumebe which inherits Kumemai dance, that the cheering refrain in Shinto music and dance numbers says 'Oke, Oke,' etc., there are recognized a slight ethnic background which goes back to that age and historicity of the story of discovery of the two princes, but opinions about the details are divided.
- そして2年後、秀頼は右大臣に昇ったものの、この年に家康は将軍職も2年後に息子徳川秀忠に譲って将軍職の世襲の意思を表し、同じ年に九条兼孝に代わって一連の問題の発端となった近衛信尹(信輔改め、慶長6年(1601年)左大臣還任)が相論発生以来21年目にして関白に任命されて五摂家による持ち回りが復活した。
- Two years later, Hideyori was elevated to the position of Udaijin, and yet, Ieyasu yielded the position of Shogun to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, showing his determination to pass down the position by hereditary succession; in the same year, in place of Kanetaka KUJO, Nobutada KONOE (whose name had changed from Nobusuke and who had been reinstated to Sadaijin in 1601) was appointed to Kanpaku for the first time in twenty-one years since he had started the soron, having caused a series of troubles thereafter; here, the tradition of rotating the position of Kanpaku among the five sekke was restored.
- 氷川神社が延喜式に掲載されている古社であり、かつ、氷川神社の主祭神がスサノオになった(=元々主祭神であったアラハバキ神が客人神になった)のは江戸幕府の政治的意図によるものであることからすれば、出雲と氷川の繋がりの話は、大和朝廷による蝦夷(含、渡来人)支配の一過程であると捉えたほうがよさそうである。
- Since Hikawa-jinja Shrine is an old establishment listed in the 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) and the main god of Hikawa-jinja Shrine became Susanoo (in other words, the original main god Arahabaki became the guest god) only because of political reasons of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the story on the link between Izumo and Hikawa may be taken as part of the process of Emishi (including Toraijin [people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese]) control by the Yamato Court.
- また、白河法皇は当初、自身の死後は土葬されることを望み、たびたび周囲の者にその意向を伝えていたが、同様に土葬された藤原師通が、生前に彼と対立していた興福寺の僧兵が報復としてその墓を暴き、遺体を辱めんと計画していたことを知り、自身も後世に同様な仕打ちを受けるのを嫌い、急遽火葬にするように命じたという。
- Emperor Shirakawa initially wished to be buried after his death, and often mentioned this to his people, but he suddenly ordered to be cremated, when he learnt that the body of FUJIWARA no Moromichi, who was buried, was in the danger of being humiliated by monk soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple, who were known to be opposed to Moromichi when Moromichi was alive, and planned to attack and open Moromichi's grave.
- また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件(1913年 - 1914年)以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行(総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの)を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
- The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.
- 加賀藩お抱えの火消し人足「加賀鳶」の頭、梅吉の妻おすがをめぐる間男騒動と、悪党の按摩竹垣道玄の悪事の行状をない交ぜにした構成だが、道玄を得意とした六代目尾上菊五郎 (6代目)により演出が洗練され人気を集めたので、現在では道玄の件のみが上演され、加賀鳶の件は、二幕目「本郷通町勢揃い」のみしか演じられない。
- The story is structured in mixtures of an illicit affair involving Osuga, wife of Umekichi who was the head of the firefighters called 'Kagatobi' in Kaga clan's employ, and the crime of an evil masseur, Dogen TAKEGAKI; however, as Kikugoro ONOE VI, who was good at playing Dogen, made it into a sophisticated staging, and the play gained popularity, today only the story of Dogen is put on the stage, and for the story of Kagatobi, only Act Two, 'Hongo Toricho Seizoroi', is performed.
- シテ、ワキともに中入りした舞台に、狂言方が扮する従者が登場、前段のあらすじを語ったのち「道真は雷となって内裏に行き悪事をなさっている。案の定、僧正(法性坊)のもとに勅使がきて内裏でご祈祷せよとのこと、初めは断っていた僧正も三度目の使いを受け、この上は是非におよばずと参上せられる。皆々用意をせよ」と言う。
- On the stage without shite and waki who are taking a break, enter the follower acted by a kyogen-kata (kyogen player), and he speaks a rough plot of the first half and, thereafter, says 'Michizane went to the Imperial Palace precincts and is doing bad things. As I expected, the imperial messenger went to the priest (Hossho-bo) and ordered the priest to come to the Imperial Palace precinct and pray to expel the evil spirit. The priest first refused the order but, receiving the third messenger, the priest thought there was no choice and went there. Every body, please be ready.'
- この立場にたった場合、なぜ、このような物語が旧辞に取り入れられたのかははっきりしないが、越前国(あるいは近江国)出身であった継体天皇の先例として播磨国出身の顕宗・仁賢2天皇を設定することにより、万世一系的な王統譜に断層をもたらしかねない地方出身の王位継承資格者の特異性を払拭する意図があったとも言われている。
- From this standpoint, it is not clear why such a story was adopted by Kyuji (a record of old stories which served as a foundation of 'Kojiki,' etc.) but it is said that there was an intention that, by setting two Emperors Kenzo and Ninken, who were from Harima Province, as a historical precedent for Emperor Keitai who was from Echizen Province (or Omi Province), peculiarity of a candidate from a local area as a successor to the Imperial throne may be cast aside, which might bring a gap in the unbroken royal genealogy.
- このため、天武天皇は大陸の礼楽思想を取り入れる意図をもって五節舞を考案したとする見方もある(なお、聖武天皇が元正上皇のために孝謙天皇(孝謙天皇)に五節舞を舞わせた際に、天皇が上皇に対して「天武天皇が天下統治のために礼と楽を整備するために五節舞を考え出された」と述べている(『続日本紀』天平15年5月辛丑条))。
- Based on this interpretation, a number of people assert that Emperor Tenmu invented the Gosechi no mai with the aim of introducing Reiraku philosophy (ancient Chinese philosophy emphasizing propriety and music) (Incidentally, when Emperor Shomu got Empress Koken to dance in a Gosechi no mai for the Retired Empress Gensho, the Emperor said to the Retired Empress, 'Emperor Tenmu invented Gosechi no mai with the intention to govern the nation and in order to make rei (propriety) and raku (music) take root among the people' ('Shoku Nihongi' - June 3, 743)).
- 同九年(1272年)、後嵯峨院が治天と皇位の決定権についてすべてを鎌倉幕府に委ねる形で崩御すると、幕府が後深草・亀山の兄弟どちらとも決めかねて、二人の母后大宮院に諮問したところ法皇の素意が亀山天皇親政にあるとの返答を得、二年後、文永十一年(1274年)正月、亀山天皇は後宇多天皇に譲位し治天の君として院政を開始した。
- In 1272 the Retired Emperor Gosaga left his will to approve the Kamakura bakufu for making decisions in terms of choosing who will rule the cloistered government or who should succeed the Imperial throne, then after he died, the government was not able to chose either Emperor Gofukakusa nor Emperor Kameyama, and they asked the Emperor's mother, Omiyain, and she mentioned that the Cloistered Emperor wished Emperor Kameyama to rule the government directly, thus, two years later, in the New Year of 1274, Emperor Kameyama abdicated and passed the throne to Emperor Gouda and started ruling the cloister government as Chiten no Kimi.
- その一方で、鎌倉時代初期に書かれた道長の6代目の子孫にあたる慈円の著した『愚管抄』によれば、天皇の死後道長は天皇の遺品の中に一通の手紙を発見し、その中には「三光明ならんと欲し、重雲を覆ひて大精暗し」と書かれていて、これを「道長の専横によって国は乱れている」という意味に解した道長はその文を焼き捨てたという一件がある。
- On the other hand, according to 'Gukan-sho,' which was written early in the Kamakura period by Jien, who was Michinaga's sixth descendent, Michinaga found a letter in the Emperor's mementos saying that 'one person tried to have all the power to himself, therefore the world is covered by clouds and people are unhappy'; Michinaga burned this letter, since he took it as saying, 'Because of Michinaga's own way of ruling the government, the world is not in peace.'
- しかしこの宣言は、戦前戦中に「修身」の教科書などで国民が意識していた“日本国民は優秀な民族であり、世界の支配者たるべき立場にある”という概念を否定する文脈にあること、詔書の冒頭において「五箇条の御誓文」を掲げていることに見られるように、かならずしも従来の天皇のありかたそのものを否定するものでは無かったとする説もあった。
- There was a theory stating that this declaration, seen as denying that, 'Japanese people are a perfect race in position to rule the world,' which was promoted to the people before and during the war through textbooks of 'Shushin' (moral training), etc., and having a 'Charter Oath of Five Articles' declared at the beginning of Shosho (Imperial edict), not necessarily denied completely the way the Emperor existed in the past.
- 代表的な人物としては、千宗旦・金森宗和・小堀遠州の茶道、後水尾天皇・池坊専好の生け花、安楽庵策伝・三浦為春・松永貞徳・烏丸光広などの文学、石川丈山・林羅山・堀正意の儒学、沢庵宗彭・一糸文守・鈴木正三の禅、近衛信尹・松花堂昭乗・本阿弥光悦の寛永の三筆、角倉素庵・近衛信尋の書、俵屋宗達・狩野探幽の絵画、野々村仁清の陶芸などが挙げられる。
- Famous persons are SEN no Sotan/Sowa KANAMORI/Enshu KOBOI of tea ceremony, the Emperor Gomizunoo/Senko IKENOBO of flower arrangement, Sakuden ANRAKUAN/Tameharu MIURA/Teitoku MATSUNAGA/Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU of literature, Jozan ISHIKAWA/Razan HAYASHI/Seii HORI of Confucianism study, Soho TAKUAN/Monju ISSHI/Shosan SUZUKI of Zen, Nobutada KONOE/Shojo SHOKADO/Koetsu HONNAMI of Kanei no sanpitsu (the three masters of calligraphy in Kanei era), Soan SUMINOKURA/Nobuhiro KONOE of calligraphy, Sotatsu TAWARAYA/Tanyu KANO of paintings and Ninsei NONOMURA of ceramic art.
- 然るに、三十三年八月、築地のメトロポールホテルに於て、竹越与三郎氏の洋行送別会を開きたる時、来客代る代る起ちて演説を試みたりしが、其の際、小松緑氏起ちて、ハイカラーといふに就いて一場の演説を試み、世間多くは、ハイカラーを嘲笑の意味(p67/p68)に用ゆれども、決して左には非ず、ハイカラーは文明的にして、其の人物の清く高きを顕はすものなり。
- However, on August, 1990 in a farewell party for Yosaburo TAKEKOSHI, who is going to Europe, one of the guest speakers, Midori KOMATSU stood and made a funny speech about being haikara, in which he said that a majority of the world were using the word haikara as a meaning of derision (pp.67-68), but it was not true, rather it meant being civilized or a clean, noble character of a person.
- また、明治天皇、大正天皇、昭和天皇などの呼称は、それ自体に敬意が込められた諡追号であるため、昭和天皇陛下とも言わない(口頭では「昭和の天皇陛下」という言い方をすることがあるが、この場合の「昭和」は「昭和時代」の意であると解される。ただ皇后美智子は昭和天皇を「先帝陛下」と公の場では呼んでいる。ただ皇后美智子は昭和天皇を「先帝陛下」と公の場では呼んでいる)。
- Also, the names of Emperor Meiji, Emperor Taisho, Emperor Showa and so on are posthumous titles which denote respect by themselves and therefore the expression of Showa Tenno Heika is not used (Orally 'Showa no Tenno Heika' (his Imperial Majesty of Showa) may be used and in this case 'Showa' is construed as 'Showa era'. However, the Empress Michiko calls the Emperor Showa 'Sentei Heika' (His Imperial Late Majesty) in public).
- 『日本三代実録』元慶8年7月8日条によれば、同年6月7日に光孝天皇から政務の要請された(通常、これを関白の開始とするが、「関白」という言葉自体は宇多天皇が出した仁和3年の詔が初出であって、太政大臣あるいは摂政としての継続の意味であった可能性もある)際に一旦これを辞退した際の基経の返答に「如何、責阿衡、以忍労力疾、役冢宰以侵暑冒寒乎。」という語句を含めている。
- According to the description of July 8, 884 in 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' when Mototsune was requested on June 7 of the same year by the Emperor Koko to assume state affairs (although this request is generally believed to have been the beginning of his tenure of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), it could have been the request to continue to serve as Dajodaijin (grand minister) or Sessho (regent) since the word 'Kanpaku' was used for the first time in the shochoku issued by Emperor Uda in 887), he once declined and used in his reply the phrase of 'I wonder whether I can fulfill Ako's responsibilities even though I work hard regardless of heat and cold.'
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- この変更の理由としては江戸時代も安定期に向かい、将軍の国内的地位が幕初の覇者的性格から実質的に君主的性格に移行した現実を踏まえ、「国王」を称することにより徳川将軍が実質的意味において君主的性格を帯びるようになったことを鮮明にせんとしたとも、あるいは、「大君」は朝鮮国内においては王子のことを指すので、これではむしろ対等ではないので国王に戻すのだとも説明されている。
- The reason why the term for the title of shogun was changed was explained as follows: The change was made because the state of the nation in the Edo period had become stabilized, then the domestic positioning of shogun became like sovereign rather than a winner of wars, and therefore, it was intended to use the term of 'King of Japan' to clearly show that the Tokuwaga shogun became effectively a sovereign, or because the term of 'Tycoon' was used in Korea for indicating a prince, and therefore, use of 'King of Japan' was restored to remedy the unequal state of using the term.
- 第二次世界大戦の終戦後、連合国(UN)の間では、軍国主義の一因として天皇を処罰し、天皇制を廃止すべきだという意見が強かったが、日本政府がその維持を強く唱えたこともあり、ダグラス・マッカーサー元帥、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部 (GHQ/SCAP) は、日本の占領行政を円滑に進めるため、また共産主義に対する防波堤としても皇室制度は存続させるべきだという方向性を取った。
- After the end of the World War II, between the countries of the UN, the opinion to punish the Emperor for militarism and abolish Tennosei was strong, but because the Japanese government strongly advocated the preservation of the Emperor, General Douglas MACARTHUR and the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP), to smoothly advance the administration of occupation and as a bulwark against communism, took the direction that the Imperial Household system should be preserved.
- 156番の歌の「巳具耳矣自得見監乍共」の訓読として、「去年(こぞ)のみを我と見えつつ(去年ばかりは私と逢ったが、共に寝ない夜が多い)」(全註釈)「夢にのみ見えつつもとな(亡くなった人の姿が夢にばかり見えて、共に寝なくなった夜が多い)」(私注)「夢にだに見むとすれども(「夢にのみ~」と同じ意味)」(古典大系本)などが挙げられているが、未だ定説をみるには至っていない。
- Although Kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts) for the 156th poem '巳具耳矣自得見監乍共' includes the following three reading examples, none of these has become an established theory: (1) 'Even we met each other last year, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Zenchushaku [a comprehensive commentary]), (2) 'As the figure of the deceased appears in my dream, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Shichu [Personal Notes]) and (3) The same meaning as the above (2) (Koten Taikeihon [anthology of classical Japanese literature]).
- ドラマ中では、猪熊教利が名前すら登場しないこと、唐橋局が掌侍であること、兼安備後が奥の門の見張り役であること、花山院忠長の配流先が津軽であること、公家の処分が徳川家康による豊臣家を支援する公家の宮中からの追放を意図したものであること、広橋局以下女官を謹慎とする後陽成帝の案に対して徳川家康が難色を示し配流となったこと(後陽成帝の処分案が手ぬるいことになる)が異なる。
- The TV-adapted story differs from historical facts in that, in the TV play, even the name of Noritoshi INOKUMA is not mentioned, Karahashi no Tsubone is a naishi no jo (a woman officer who carries the Emperor's sword when accompanying him out of the Palace), Bingo KANEYASU is a watchdog at the Okunomon (Inside Gate), the destination of banishment of Tadanaga KAZANIN is Tsugaru, the punishment of court nobles was intended by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to expel pro-Toyotomi nobles from the Imperial Court, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA disagreed to Emperor Goyozei's proposal only to restrain the behaviors of Hirohashi no Tsubone and other court ladies and instead ordered them to be banished (this means that Emperor Goyozei's proposal for punishment had been more lenient).
- しかしながら堀新 (歴史学者)から出された反論では、同日記の5月4日 (旧暦)付けの記事や、『誠仁親王消息』などの資料から、三職いずれかなどという曖昧な推任をしたのは誰も信長の真意を理解していなかったための行動であり、貞勝と信長との間にこの件に関する打ち合わせをした形跡がないことなどから、三職推任は信長の意向とは言えず、5月4日の晴豊の言葉も晴豊個人の見解であるとした。
- Shin HORI (a historian) argued against these interpretations that Haretoyo expressed his own opinion on May 4 (old calendar) at that time and Sanshoku suinin had nothing do to with Nobunaga's intention, because: the article of the diary dated May 4 and 'Message from Imperial Prince Sanehito' (誠仁親王消息) suggest that such an unspecific Sanshoku suinin came from a situation where no one knew what Nobunaga wanted; and nothing suggests Nobunaga and Sadakatsu had talked about this matter.
- しかしながら公家は実権は失っていたものの茶道・俳諧等の文化活動においてその嫡流たる天皇の権威高揚に努め、天皇は改元にあたって元号を決定する最終的権限を持っていたこと(元号勅定の原則)を始め、将軍や大名の官位も、儀礼上全て天皇から任命されるものであり、権威の源泉として重要な意味を持つ存在であった(これに対しても幕府が元号決定や人事への介入を行い、その権威の縮小・儀礼化を図っている)。
- However, even though Kuge had lost their actual power, they strived to elevate the authority of the Emperor as the main branch of a family in cultural activities such as sado (tea ceremony) and haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and starting with the final authority to decide the name of era when changing it, all official court ranks of shogun and daimyo were ceremoniously granted by the Emperor, and the Emperor was an existence having important meaning as the source of authority (against this fact, the bakufu also tried to reduce the Emperor's authority to being ceremonious by intervening in changing the name of the era and personal matters).
- ちなみに完全醗酵を好む杜氏たちのあいだでは、デンプンの並行複醗酵に限ってその良し悪しを語るのでなく、米に含まれているたんぱく質や脂肪など、デンプン以外の成分も、麹菌と酵母の作用によって分解され、複雑なプロセスを経て、それなりに玄妙な香味を構成する微量成分になっていくので、不完全醗酵であるとこうしたプロセスも一部切り捨ててしまう結果となるため、醪としてはは未熟である、という意見がある。
- In fact, some of chief sake brewers who like complete fermentation have an opinion that, in discussing the quality of fermentation, we should not focus only on parallel multi-fermentation, but we should consider the moromi as immature because the incomplete fermentation cuts off a part of process in which the ingredients such as protein and fat other than starch contained in rice are decomposed by Aspergillus oryzae and yeast, and then converted through complex processes to minor constituents to generate delicate flavors.
- 白河法皇が「天下の三不如意―鴨川 (淀川水系)(鴨川)の水(鴨川の流れとそれによる水害)・双六の賽(サイコロ、当時の双六(ただし、現在のものと違い西洋のバックギャモンに近い)は賭博の手段として盛んに用いられて、さいころの目の動きが勝敗を分けた)・山法師(比叡山延暦寺の僧衆〔僧兵〕)」だけはどうしようもないと嘆いたという故事は、裏を返せば彼がそれ以外のものであれば思い通りにならない事はないという絶大な権力を誇っていたことを示している。
- The Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa had supreme power, but it was said he mented that, he has no control over the following three things: 1. Waters of the Kamo River (tributary of the Yodo River)(due to its flow and frequent flooding); 2. Dice used in sugoroku (different from current sugoroku, close to western backgammon), which was popular way of gambling at that time, with spots on the dice selecting winners/losers; and 3. Yamaboshi (monk soldiers from Mt. Hie Enryaku-ji Temple), which show that SHIRAKAWA had absolute control apart from these three things.
- 余が一昨年を以て海外に遊ばんとするや、親朋故旧余が為めに送別の莚を張る中に少壮なる英仏学士の催しになりし一会あり、席上、一友人がハイカラを着け洋服を着くるの利を述ぶる者あり、之より余が(p125/p126)外遊中、高襟党なる文字新聞に現はれて、少年学士を讒謗毀傷するの具となり、彼等が殆ど完膚なからんとするや、西園寺侯は自ら進んで新聞記者に対して、高襟党の首領なりと称し、少年学士に対する攻撃を一身に引受けんとしたりき、思ふに善良なる意義に於ける高襟党の首領としては、何人も彼の統治権を犯さんとするものあらざるべし、故に人或は侯を以て、英国のローズベリー卿に比す、其貴族にして、平民に同情あり、其品格の崇高なる、其識見の秀徹なる--(以下略)
- A farewell party was given for me, who was going to study abroad, by my acquaintances and old friends, and a friend of mine in a group of young scholars who studied in the U.K. or France made a speech about a merit of wearing high collar clothes, and while I was studying abroad the word high collar (haikara) party started to appear in the newspapers after the party, used as a tool for attacking young scholars and when they were almost being knocked galley-west, Duke Saionji willingly declared himself before journalists as a don of the haikara party with a purpose of receiving all attacks against young scholars; I think that no one would dare to take his place as a don of the high collar party in an honest sense, and he, who is a match for Lord Rosebery in the U.K in that he has sympathy for the common people in spite of being a nobleman, has a noble character and excellent insights. (snip)