恩: 1734 Terms and Phrases
- 恩
- favour
- favor
- obligation
- debt of gratitude
- Oshimi
- Megu
- Megumi
- Megumu
- grace
- kindness
- goodness
- mercy
- blessing
- benefit
- ご恩
- favor, kindness or blessing (favour)
- 恩愛
- kindness and affection
- love
- On'ai
- 恩威
- benevolence and strictness
- 恩義
- obligation
- favour
- favor
- debt of gratitude
- indebtedness
- 恩誼
- obligation
- favour
- favor
- debt of gratitude
- 恩恵
- grace
- favor
- favour
- blessing
- benefit
- Une
- Megumi
- beneficence
- boon
- odds
- privilege
- 恩顧
- favour
- favor
- patronage
- 恩倖
- the emperor's personal favour
- 恩幸
- the emperor's personal favour
- 恩師
- teacher
- one's former teacher
- 恩沢
- favour
- favor
- benefit
- Onsawa
- Onzawa
- 恩典
- favour
- favor
- act of grace
- special privilege
- 恩徳
- grace
- blessing
- compassion
- Ontoku
- 恩命
- gracious command or words
- 恩頼
- divine grace
- divine protection
- boon from the gods (or the emperor, etc.)
- 恩賚
- divine grace
- divine protection
- boon from the gods (or the emperor, etc.)
- 旧恩
- old favors
- old favours
- 君恩
- the favor of one's ruler (favour)
- 御恩
- favor, kindness or blessing (favour)
- Goon
- 厚恩
- great favor
- great favour
- obligation
- 高恩
- great benevolence or blessings
- 国恩
- one's debt to one's country
- 師恩
- the kindness of a teacher
- 主恩
- the favor (favour) of one's master
- 重恩
- heavy obligation
- special blessing
- 少恩
- small favors
- small favours
- 聖恩
- imperial blessings or favor (favour)
- 大恩
- great debt of gratitude
- great obligation
- 朝恩
- imperial blessing or favor (favour)
- 天恩
- blessings of heaven
- favour of emperor
- favor of emperor
- divination's luckiest day
- blessings of nature
- 仏恩
- grace of Buddha
- indebtedness to Buddha
- 報恩
- repaying a kindness
- gratitude
- 芳恩
- favour
- favor
- kindness
- obligation
- debt of gratitude
- 忘恩
- ingratitude
- thanklessness
- 恩智
- Omuchi
- Onji
- Onchi
- Ondzi
- 恩送り
- pay it forward
- paying it forward
- repaying a good deed by doing good for others
- 恩返し
- requital of a favour (favor)
- repayment (of an obligation, kindness, etc.)
- 大恩人
- great benefactor
- person to whom one is greatly indebted
- 報恩講
- memorial services for the founder of the sect (esp. for Shinran in Shin Buddhism)
- Hoon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran)
- Hoonko (memorial services for the founder of the Buddhist sect)
- 恩田陸
- Onda Riku (h) (1964.10.25-)
- 恩納村
- Onnason
- Onna, Okinawa
- 周恩来
- Zhou Enlai
- Chou En-lai (1898-1976)
- 大中恩
- Oonaka Megumi (h) (1924.7.24-)
- 知恩院
- Chion-in Temple (p) (in Kyoto)
- One of Chionin Temple
- The Chion-in Temple
- 知恩寺
- Chionji
- Chion-ji Temple
- 東恩納
- Touonna
- Touonnai
- Touonno
- Touonnou
- Toono
- Higaonna
- Higashionna
- Higashionno
- Higashionnou
- 恩赦状
- certificate of pardon
- 恩賞方
- The Rewards Office
- Onshogata (office for administering reward grants)
- 恩に着る
- to feel oneself indebted to
- be grateful
- 恩を売る
- to demand gratitude
- to do something for someone in order to create an obligation of gratitude from that person
- 恩恵期間
- period of grace (e.g. in which merchant vessels are allowed to leave a belligerent nation's port after an outbreak of war)
- 恩根内駅
- Onnenai Station (st)
- 恩田英久
- Onda Hidehisa (1969-)
- 恩田英明
- Onda Hideaki (1948.3-)
- 恩田快人
- Onda Yoshito (h) (1963.12.13-)
- 恩田尚之
- Onda Naoyuki (h) (1962.12.17-)
- 恩田美栄
- Onda Yoshie (h) (1982.12.13-)
- Yoshie Onda
- 恩田怡彦
- Onda Yoshihiro (1933.2-)
- 下恩方町
- Shimoonkatamachi
- Shimoongatamachi
- 上恩方町
- Kamiongatachou
- Kamiongatamachi
- 命の恩人
- person who saved someone’s life
- The Bodyguard (1944 film)
- 恩に掛ける
- to demand gratitude
- to make a favour of something
- to remind of a favour done to someone
- to emphasize the favour one has done
- 恩に着せる
- to demand gratitude
- to make a favour of something
- to remind of a favour done to someone
- to emphasize the favour one has done
- 恩を着せる
- to make one feel grateful
- 恩恵を被る
- to share in the benefit
- 恩恵を蒙る
- to share in the benefit
- 恩地孝四郎
- Onchi Koushirou (h) (1891.7.2-1955.6.3)
- Kōshirō Onchi
- 恩地日出夫
- Onchi Hideo (1933.1-)
- 恩田恵美子
- Onda Emiko (h) (1937.4.20-)
- 恩田千佐子
- Onda Chisako (h) (1967.9.4-)
- 東恩納裕一
- Higashionna Yuuichi
- 恩赦の申出
- Recommendation for Pardon
- 三時知恩寺
- Sanji Chion-ji Temple
- 恩に報いる
- Repay an obligation
- 周恩来歌碑
- Stone monument engraved with a poem composed by Zhou Enlai
- 恩賞・人事
- Rewards/Those Serving in the Government
- 御恩と奉公
- Goon (favors) and hoko (services)
- Favor and Service
- Go-on to Hoko (Patronage and Service)
- 知恩院唐門
- Karamon (Chinese gate) of Chionin Temple
- 知恩院経蔵
- Kyozo (sutra repository) of Chionin Temple
- 知恩院三門
- San-mon Gate of Chionin Temple
- 大学報恩講
- Hoonko (Shinran Memorial Day)
- 恩給審理官
- Director of Pension Trial Office
- 恩給企画課
- Pension Planning Division
- 恩給相談官
- Director of Pension Counseling Office
- 恩給審査課
- Pension Examination Division
- 恩給業務課
- Pension Execution Division
- 恩人です。
- He was my benefactor,
- 書劍恩仇録
- The Book and the Sword
- 恩を仇で返す
- to return evil for good
- repay kindness with evil
- bite the hand that feeds one
- 恩寵を享ける
- to enjoy (a person's) favor (favour)
- 恩寵を受ける
- to enjoy (a person's) favor (favour)
- 恩返しをする
- to return a favor (favour)
- to repay
- return favor
- 恩田運動公園
- Onda athletics park
- 国頭郡恩納村
- Kunigamigun'onnason
- 上野恩賜公園
- Uenoonshi Park
- Ueno Park
- 恩赦状の下付
- Issuance of certificates of pardon
- 号は花恩院。
- His pseudonym was Kaon-in.
- 報恩講…親鸞
- Hoonko Ceremony: Shinran
- 知恩院勢至堂
- Seishido hall of Chionin Temple
- 知恩院大鐘楼
- Daishoro (great bell tower) of Chionin Temple
- 飛騨国の恩人
- Benefactor of Hida Province
- 号は崇恩院。
- His go (pen name) was Suonin.
- 百万遍知恩寺
- Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple
- 人事・恩給局
- Personnel and Pension Bureau
- 恩赦管理官
- Director of the Amnesty Office, General Affairs Division
- 恩着せがましい
- patronizing
- expecting gratitude in return
- acting like one is doing someone a favor
- condescending
- 法恩寺山古墳群
- Houonjisankofungun
- 恩着せがました
- put on a patronizing air
- 恩赦法施行規則
- Ordinance for Enforcement of the Pardon Act
- 豊臣恩顧の大名
- As a daimyo who received favors from the Toyotomi clan
- 墓所は酬恩庵。
- His grave is located at Shuon-an Temple.
- 人事・恩給局長
- Director-General of the Personnel and Pension Bureau
- 恩給制度研究官
- Chief Analyst of Pension Programs
- 浜離宮恩賜庭園
- Hamarikyu Gardens
- 法恩寺山有料道路
- Houonjisanyuuryoudouro
- 神の恩寵によって
- by the Grace of God
- 恩赦に関する命令
- Orders about pardon
- 恩赦と既成の効果
- Pardon and established effect
- （＝門徒報恩講）
- (=Monto Hoon-ko)
- 信心正因称名報恩
- Expressing gratitude by chanting 'shinjin shoin' (true is the faith)
- 知恩院初代門跡。
- He was the first Monzeki (head priest of a temple, formerly led by the founder of a sect) of Chion-in Temple.
- 報恩寺のタケノコ
- Hooji bamboo shoot
- 知恩院三門・本堂
- Chion-in Temple's San-mon Gate and Hon-do Hall (Main Hall)
- 後三年の役の恩賞
- The Onsho (rewards) of the Later Three Years' War
- 成恩寺殿と号す。
- He had a second name (alias) of Jonji-dono.
- 知恩院の七不思議
- The Seven Wonders of Chion-in Temple
- 建武政府の恩賞方
- Onshogata in Kenmu Government
- 室町幕府の恩賞方
- Onshogata in the Muromachi bakufu
- 恩恵を受けさせる
- cause to be indebted
- 恩知らずな態度で
- in an ungrateful manner
- 恩人としての助け
- help as a benefactor
- 純粋な恩恵でない
- not an unmixed blessing
- 恩知らずな相続人
- ungrateful heirs
- 旧芝離宮恩賜庭園
- Kyu Shiba Rikyu Garden
- 恩徳地の結びイブキ
- Ontokujinomusubiibuki
- 大慈恩寺三蔵法師伝
- Biography of Master Xuanzhuang, Volume 6
- 智恩寺 (宮津市)
- Chion-ji Temple (Miyazu City)
- – 日蓮『報恩抄』
- (Nichiren, 'Hoonsho')
- 華頂山（知恩院山）
- Mt. Kacho (also known as Mt. Chionin)
- 絹本著色慈恩大師像
- Kenpon Chakushoku Jiondaishi-zo (a portrait of the Jiondaishi statue colored on silk)
- 国恩寺 - 第三位
- Kokuon-ji Temple - The third rank
- 私は彼に恩がある。
- I am indebted to him.
- 恩をあだで返すな。
- You bit the hand that fed you.
- 謝恩と賞賛の気持ち
- a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation
- 子を持って知る親の恩
- He that has no child knows not what love is
- ～の恩恵に浴している
- be basking in ~
- ～のために恩義がある
- be indebted to a person for ~
- 特定の者に対する恩赦
- Pardon for a specific person
- 京都・知恩院（鐘楼）
- Chion-in Temple (bell tower) in Kyoto Prefecture
- 在家報恩講の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the Hoonko at the lay believers home
- 知恩院道（智慧の道）
- Chioninmichi road (road of wisdom)
- 宮号は知恩院に因む。
- The Miyago is connected with Chion-in.
- （関連用語→恩給）。
- (Related term: Onkyu [reward from master to vassal]).
- - 詳細は知恩院参照
- For more information, refer to section for Chionin Temple.
- - 詳細は酬恩庵参照
- For more information, refer to section for Shuonan.
- - 学士院恩賜賞受賞
- He was awarded the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho.
- - 帝国学士院恩賜賞
- He received the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho.
- 退職手当・恩給審査会
- Retirement Allowance and Pension Examination Committee
- 彼に深い恩義がある。
- I am deeply in debt to him.
- 彼は私の命の恩人だ。
- I owe him my life.
- 「この恩知らずめ！
- 'You ungrateful fellows!
- その恩恵を汝に施し；
- Fulfil His favour to thee;
- 恩着せがましい方法で
- in a patronizing manner
- 恩寵 (キリスト教)
- Grace (Christianity)
- 恩田川サイクリング道路
- Ondagawa cycling track
- 上申を求める恩赦の種類
- The type of pardon for which the petition is being submitted;
- 百万遍知恩寺（京都市）
- Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple (Kyoto city)
- 知恩院（京都市東山区）
- One of the Chionin Temple (in Higashiyama-ku Ward, Kyoto City)
- 報恩寺（千葉県長南町）
- Hoon-ji Temple (Chonan-machi, Chiba Prefecture)
- 法然上人絵伝（知恩院）
- Honen Shonin Eden (Chion-in Temple)
- 菩提所は、鳴滝報恩寺。
- The family temple was the Hoon-ji Temple in Narutaki.
- 智恩寺多宝塔〔宮津市〕
- Tahoto of Chion-ji Temple [Miyazu City]
- 法名は報恩寺秀峯道宏。
- His posthumous Buddhist name was 報恩寺秀峯道宏.
- 正室は本願寺寂恩の娘。
- His legal wife was a daughter of Jakuon HONGANJI.
- 墓所は館山市の慈恩院。
- His grave is in Jion-in Temple in Tateyama City.
- 大報恩寺（千本釈迦堂）
- Daihon-ji Temple (Senbon Shakado)
- 千本釈迦堂（大報恩寺）
- Senbon-shakado Shakyamuni Hall (Daihoon-ji Temple)
- 恩赦されたことを認める
- admitting of being pardoned
- 恩賜賞 (日本学士院)
- Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy
- 神の恩恵を与えられる方法
- means of grace
- 信心正因称名報恩という。
- This is called Shinji Shoin Shomyo Ho-on (meaning only the belief given by Amida Butsu leads you to the Pure Land, so you have to recite the name of Amida Butsu to express the feeling of gratitude).
- 知恩院 - 京都市東山区
- Chion-in Temple: Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City
- 加藤光員も恩賞を受けた。
- Mitsukazu KATO also received reward grants.
- ただ朝恩にのみほこりて」
- He only won the great graces of the emperors.'
- お前は恩を仇で返したな。
- You bit the hand that fed you.
- 大報恩寺（千本釈迦堂）本堂
- The Main Hall of Daihoon-ji Temple (Senbon Shakado hall)
- 宗派別の御正忌報恩講の日程
- The schedule of Goshoki Hoon-ko according to schools
- 信因称報義 酬恩社 明15
- Shinin Shohogi: Shuon-sha, 1882
- 号は花恩院、諡号は往還院。
- His pseudonym was Kaonin, and his posthumous name was Okanin.
- 知恩院三門（京都・知恩院）
- The San-mon Gate of Chion-in Temple (Chion-in Temple in Kyoto)
- 知恩院本堂（京都・知恩院）
- The Hondo (main hall) of Chion-in Temple (Chion-in Temple in Kyoto)
- 御恩と奉公の奉公に当たる。
- It is concerned with the service of favors and services.
- その医者は私の命の恩人だ。
- The doctor has saved my life.
- 恩義の返礼として与えること
- giving in acknowledgment of obligation
- だれかの便宜や恩恵のために
- for someone's benefit
- 返されることができない恩恵
- a favor that cannot be paid back
- 三時知恩寺（浄土宗）入江御所
- Sanji Chion-ji Temple (Jodo sect) Irie-gosho
- （信心正因。称名報恩）のもの
- (It is called Shinjin shoin [Faith is the proper cause.], Shomyo hon [Invocation is to repay the benevolence.])
- 丹波亀山城跡—大本本部天恩郷
- Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle Site: Omoto's spiritual center, Tenon-kyo
- 墓所は京都市の知恩院にある。
- His graveyard is in Chion-in Temple in Kyoto City.
- 山号は鹿原山、寺号は慈恩寺。
- Its honorific mountain prefix is 'Mt. Kahara' and its title is 'Jion-ji.'
- 山号は子嶋山（報恩山とも）。
- The sango (literally, 'mountain name'), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple is Kojimasan (Houonzan).
- 詳しくは金勝山慈恩寺浄厳院。
- The proper name is Jogon-in of Jion-ji Temple, Konzesan.
- 神は、この夫婦に恩恵を与える
- God bless this union
- 恩施トゥチャ族ミャオ族自治州
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
- 戒名、奥山慈恩または念阿上人。
- His Kaimyo (posthumous Buddhist name) was Jion Okuyama or Nena Shonin.
- 「当午山満勝寺の比丘知恩の文」
- '当午山 Manshoji Biku Chion no bun'
- 民間伝承（「雀報恩の事」など）
- Secular setsuwa (including humorous tales, tales about robbers or animals, and love stories)
- 滋賀県蒲生郡安土町慈恩寺744
- 744, Jionji, Azuchi-cho, Gamo-gun, Shiga Prefecture
- 民話でも鶴の恩返しなどがある。
- The Grateful Crane, a folktale, also has a similar plot.
- 僕は彼に少なからず恩義がある。
- I am in no small degree indebted to him.
- 彼女は彼を恩人だと思っている。
- She looks upon him as a benefactor.
- 彼らは彼女を恩人として敬った。
- They held her in high esteem as their benefactor.
- へつらいやお世辞で恩恵を求める
- seek favor by fawning or flattery
- それぞれが相手から恩恵を受ける
- each gains benefits from the other
- キングは恩赦を宣言するでしょう
- The King will proclaim an amnesty
- 千本釈迦堂－大報恩寺の項を参照。
- Senbon Shaka-do Temple - see the section of 'Daihoon-ji Temple.'
- 大報恩寺 - 本堂（千本釈迦堂）
- Daihoon-ji Temple: Hondo (a main hall) (so-called Senbonshaka-do)
- 知恩院 - 三門、本堂（御影堂）
- Chion-in Temple: Sanmon (three gates) and Hondo (a main hall) (Miei-do)
- 恩顔を拝せんが為に参上を企てる」
- I'm thinking to visit him to see his face.'
- 803年、恩赦令が出て京に帰る。
- In 803, when the decree of pardon was issued, he returned to Kyoto.
- 翌年1月に服役、2月恩赦で出獄。
- He served a sentence in jail in January of the following year, and he was released in February under an amnesty.
- 書状（恩命帖）- 三の丸尚蔵館蔵
- Letter 'Onmei jo': Sannomaru Shozokan (The Museum of the Imperial Collections)
- 開山は寺伝では僧・報恩と伝える。
- The temple legend says the founder of the temple is a monk, Houon.
- 知恩院や京都御所御苑を点々とする
- The school facilities were moved to Chion-in Temple and then to various other places including Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- 恩恵を請うのは私の威厳に関わる。
- It is beneath my dignity to ask a favor.
- 「それでいて君は人類の恩人だよ」
- 'And you are a benefactor of the race,'
- そしたらすごく恩義に感じますよ」
- I shall be greatly obliged to you.'
- 園域は八坂神社、知恩院に隣接する。
- It lies next to Yasaka-jinja Shrine and Chion-in Temple.
- - 在家報恩講で拝読する『御文』。
- The 'Ofumi' which should be read at the Hoonko at the lay believers home.
- 京都府の知恩院のものが有名である。
- Uguisubari in Chion-in Temple in Kyoto Prefecture is famous.
- 21条・禅助に対して報恩する気持ち
- Article 21: Repayment of a kindness to zenjo
- 墓所は京都府京都市東山区の知恩院。
- Her cemetery is in Chion-in Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 恩賞奉行などがこの請求を審査した。
- Their claims were examined by onsho bugyo (the office of rewards).
- 墓は浄土宗知恩院の末寺、不断光院。
- His tomb is 不断光院, the branch temple of Jodo (Pure Land) sect Chion-in Temple.
- 慈恩寺はその後兵火により焼失した。
- After that, Jion-ji Temple was burnt down by a fire during war.
- 「寵恩に誇っ」て高位に昇ったこと。
- All four rose to high ranks by winning the 'Emperor's favor.'
- 彼女は彼を命の恩人だと思っていた。
- She thought of him as her lifesaver.
- 彼らは彼を恩人として尊敬している。
- They look up to him as their benefactor.
- 恩人に礼節を欠いてはなりませんよ。
- You must not lack decorum dealing with your benefactors.
- 私は恩師の世話でこの仕事に就いた。
- I got this job with my teacher's help.
- 年をとれば、恩給がもらえるしな。」
- when you are old, you receive a pension.'
- （一団の人々）に対して恩赦を与える
- grant a pardon to (a group of people)
- 疾走する微風は、船員への恩恵である
- a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors
- ヴァージンは神の恩恵を受けて生きた
- the Virgin lived in a state of grace
- 恩赦の申出 （第八十九条・第九十条）
- Recommendation for Pardon (Article 89, Article 90)
- サービスの恩恵を多くの人々が受ける。
- Many people benefited from the service.
- 1481年、88歳で酬恩庵に没した。
- He died at Shuuonan in 1481, at the age of 88.
- - 報恩講翌日の朝の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the morning gongyo on the next day of the Hoonko.
- 阿弥陀聖衆来迎図（早来迎）（知恩院）
- Amida Shoju Raigo (Descent of Amida and the Heavenly Multitude) painting (Rapid Descent) (Chion-in Temple)
- 過去には船乗りで、平重盛に恩がある。
- Used to be a sailor in the past and owes TAIRA no Shigemori.
- 酬恩庵（しゅうおんあん）〔京田辺市〕
- Shuonan Temple [Kyotanabe City]
- 大報恩寺（京都市）十大弟子立像 重文
- Daihoon-ji Temple (Kyoto City) - Standing Statues of Judaideshi (ten major disciples of Shakyamuni), Important Cultural Property
- 千本釈迦堂（大報恩寺）旧七本松五辻通
- Senbon Shaka-do Temple (Daihoon-ji Temple): former Shichihonmatsu-Itsutsuji-dori Street
- 熱帯雨林は地球に多くの恩恵を与える。
- Rainforests provide the earth with many benefits.
- 彼らは恩赦法によって許されるはずだ。
- They should be pardoned by the amnesty law.
- 私は彼がしてくれたことに恩義がある。
- I owe him a debt of gratitude for what he did.
- また、博士以下に恩賞として禄を賜った。
- In addition, a stipend called Onsho (a reward grant) was awarded to hakase and other instructors.
- 彼は恩師にまったく感謝していなかった。
- He was far from thankful to his former teacher.
- 命がある限りあなたのご恩は忘れません。
- I shall never forget your kindness.
- 両親の面倒を見ない人は忘恩の罪を犯す。
- People who do not look after their parents are guilty of ingratitude.
- 私は君に何から何まで恩恵を受けている。
- I owe everything to you.
- 近い内にあなたの親切に恩返しをしたい。
- I would like to repay your kindness in the near future.
- 生きている限りご恩は決して忘れません。
- I'll never forget your kindness as long as I live.
- 近頃私たちは自然の恩恵を忘れがちです。
- Nowadays we are apt to forget the benefits of nature.
- 農夫はワシの恩返に、大変心を打たれた。
- and he marveled at the service rendered him by the Eagle.
- ダブリンの市民たちはその恩恵を受ける。
- wThe citizens of Dublin will benefit by it.
- 惜しみないで値しない好意または神の恩恵
- the free and unmerited favor or beneficence of God
- 開発すると税制上の恩恵を受けられる地域
- a city district where development receives special tax advantages
- 京都・大報恩寺 ― 六観音（重要文化財）
- Kyoto Daihoon-ji Temple - Roku Kannon (an important cultural property)
- 5 報恩院 (大阪市) 大阪市中央区高津
- 5. Hoon-in Temple: Kozu, Chuo Ward, Osaka City
- 知恩院好み抱き茗荷と三菱葵丸立涌である。
- The Chionin Temple has favored daki-myoga (facing two Japanese ginger shoots) and mitsubishi-aoi (three lozenge mallows) with maru-tatsuwaku (symmetrical mountain-shaped curves with circles).
- 墓所は京都府宮津市の智恩寺 (宮津市)。
- Her tomb is in the Chion-ji Temple (Miyazu City), Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 墓所は報恩寺 (和歌山市)、池上本門寺。
- Her graves are at Hoon-ji Temple (Wakayama city) and Ikegami Honmon-ji Temple.
- 「ご恩返しをさせていただきましょうとも」
- Now we will repay the kindness'
- ----天皇・宮中の食膳・恩赦・文書・印
- Emperors, meals in the imperial court, pardon, documents, and seals
- 桃華叟、三関老人、後成恩寺などと称した。
- His aliases were Tokaso, Sangen rojin, and Gojonji.
- 江戸時代には知恩院の役番として活躍した。
- In the Edo period, it played an important role as yakuban (gate guard) of Chion-in Temple.
- 君には病気の時助けてもらった恩義がある。
- I feel indebted to you for your help during my illness.
- 私は恩人にしたことを、恥ずかしく思った。
- I was ashamed of what I had done to my benefactor.
- いずれ、このご恩はお返しいたしましょう」
- ``Perhaps I'll pay my debt some day.''
- だからお二人はまちがいなく命の恩人です。
- 'so you have certainly saved my life.
- 「これが我が命を救った彼女への恩返しだ。
- 'this is my own life-price that I pay back to her,
- 神の恩寵をまったく捨てるような許し難い罪
- an unpardonable sin entailing a total loss of grace
- 運動は、ルソーに哲学的に恩恵を受けている
- the movement is philosophically indebted to Rousseau
- 書剣恩仇録 (テレビドラマ 2008年)
- The Book and the Sword (2008 TV series)
- 浜離宮恩賜庭園（東京都中央区 (東京都)）
- Hama-Rikyu Onshi Teien Garden (located in Chuo Ward, Tokyo Prefecture)
- 三宝院、報恩院、金剛王院、理性院、無量寿院
- Sanpo-in Temple, Hoon-in Temple, Kongoo-in Temple, Risho-in Temple, Muryoju-in Temple
- 12月7日・12月8日-大報恩寺、成道会。
- December 7 and 8: Jodo-e (Celebration of Shakyamuni Buddha's enlightenment) at Daihoon-ji Temple.
- 妹尾は彼らの流罪が恩赦されたことを伝える。
- Seni told them that they had been granted amnesty.
- だが、知恩院には入れずに泉涌寺に居住する。
- However, he could not enter into Chion-in Temple so he resided at Sennyu-ji Temple instead.
- 恩田民親（松代藩家老。藩財政再建に尽力）。
- Tamichika ONDA (A Karo Officer of the Matsushiro domain. He made efforts to rebuild domain finance.)
- 知恩院・一乗院・大乗院（坊官・諸大夫・侍）
- The Chion-in Temple, the Ichijo-in Temple and the Daijo-in Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 官位は恩率（三品官）、のち佐平（一品官）。
- He was ranked as the third highest officer in Baekje, later raised to the first rank.
- これを「御恩沙汰（ごおんさた）」と呼んだ。
- Ultimate decision made by Takauji was called 'Goonsata.'
- “恩知らずのいたずら小僧”って言ってたな。
- --'ungrateful scamp' was what he said;
- そうすれば、僕は君に永久に恩をきるよ……」
- and I shall be infinitely obliged to you.''
- 彼は白人の優越と恩着せがましさが嫌いだった
- he hated the white man's superiority and condescension
- 覚如の『報恩講式』…「恒に門徒に語りて曰く」
- In 'Hoonkoshiki,' by Kakunyo: 'Always talk to monto.'
- 9月上旬：神恩感謝日本太鼓祭（三重県伊勢市）
- Early September: Shinon Kansha Nihon Taiko-matsuri Festival (Japanese Drum Festival for thanksgiving to the gods' blessings) (Ise City, Mie Prefecture)
- 芝離宮（現在の旧芝離宮恩賜庭園）：東京都港区
- Shiba Imperial Villa (it is currently known as the former Shiba Imperial Garden): Minato Ward, Tokyo
- 浜離宮（現在の浜離宮恩賜庭園）：東京都中央区
- Hama Imperial Villa (current Hama Royal Garden): Chuo Ward, Tokyo
- 5歳の時に知恩院門跡に治定されて同寺に入る。
- When he was five years old, he was selected to be the Monzeki of Chion-in Temple and entered the temple.
- 明治44年（1911年） 恩賜財団済生会総裁
- In 1911, Prince Sadanaru became president of the Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation Inc.
- 恩賞給与には常に公平性の問題がつきまとった。
- Reward grants always raised the question of fairness.
- このように恩賞のあり方はきわめて多様化した。
- Thus, the concept of rewards became extremely diverse.
- 勝は後に西郷を「江戸の大恩人」と讃えている。
- Katsu would later praise Saigo as 'the great benefactor of the Edo.'
- 専斎は天恩に感泣し、その家を賜杖堂と称した。
- Sensai thanked the blessing of heaven with tears and named his house 'Shijodo' meaning cane presented house.
- 又先代の負債をすべて清算し君父の恩に報いた。
- He also repaid his lord and father's kindness by clearing debt of the late proprietor.
- そして5月11日、知恩寺において斬首された。
- And, on June 6, 1520, he was decapitated at Chion-ji Temple.
- 1868年 知恩院山内源光院に仮勧学場を設置
- 1868: The temporary kangaku-ba was founded in Chion-in Yamauchi Genko-in Temple.
- 彼は私の命を助けてくれたので非常に恩がある。
- I owe him a great deal because he saved my life.
- あなたには病気の時助けてもらった恩義がある。
- I feel indebted to you for your help during my illness.
- 「ああ、お前たちは、なんて恩知らずなんだ！
- 'O you most ungrateful creatures!
- 恩着せがましい態度をとられるかもしれません。
- Be ready for condescension;
- 恩着せがましくて見下したような態度でふるまう
- behave in a patronizing and condescending manner
- 恩着せがましくて、神経が鈍いと考えられる使用
- usage considered condescending and insensitive
- 東海岸はバーミューダ高気圧の恩恵を受けている
- the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high
- 「龍樹章」…「釈迦如来楞伽山～応報大悲弘誓恩」
- Ryuju Sho' - 'Shakanyorairyogasen - Ohodaihiguzeion'
- 一．四恩十善の教えを奉じ人の人たる道を守るべし
- Observe moral principles by embracing the teaching of Shion Juzen (four gratitude and ten good acts).
- 親鸞の法要行事である報恩講にて拝読されている。
- It is read at the Hoon-ko, a memorial services for Shinran.
- 知恩院に入寺して落飾し、尊秀入道親王と称した。
- He entered into Chion-in Temple and called himself Takahide Nyudo Shinno (monk-Prince).
- 市東部の報恩寺（ほおじ）地区で取れるたけのこ。
- Bamboo shoot harvested in the Hooji area in the eastern part of the city.
- 恩賞（おんしょう）とは、次のように定義される。
- Onsho (reward grants) is defined as follows.
- その後も足利尊氏の弟、足利直義の恩顧を受けた。
- After that, he was supported by Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- 長安では、光明寺・慈恩寺・実際寺などに住する。
- In Chang'an, he resided at Komyo-ji Temple, Cien Temple and Jissai-ji Temple.
- 11日間の滞在中、鴎外は恩師や知人と再会した。
- During the eleven days he stayed, Ogai was reunited with his master and acquaintances.
- 成政も信長の実力主義の恩恵を受けた一人である。
- Narimasa was one of the vassals who benefited from meritocracy of Nobunaga.
- 一時は流刑に処されるが、恩赦されて大徳に昇進。
- Although Imoko was sent into exile for the loss, he was granted amnesty soon after and promoted to Daitoku (the first grade of 'the twelve grades of cap rank').
- 菊池寛の小説『恩讐の彼方に』のモデルとなった。
- This story became a model of one of the works of Japanese novelist Kan KIKUCHI, 'Onshu no Kanata ni' (Beyond Love and Hate).
- 「文道を左に、武道を右にした風流太守」春沢永恩
- 春沢永恩 said, 'Takakage is a governor-general of refined taste who excels not only in martial arts but also in literary arts.'
- 承久の乱の恩賞として播磨国の守護に任じられる。
- As Onsho (reward grants) of Jokyu War, Sanekazu was appointed to Shugo of Harima Province (provincial constable of Harima Province.)
- 誰ぞ開く報恩蔵 誰ぞ開く報恩蔵 誰ぞ開く報恩蔵
- Who opens the Hoonzo, who opens the Hoonzo, who opens the Hoonzo.
- 彼女が散々してやった挙げ句の果てが忘恩だった。
- All she got for her pains was ingratitude.
- 1316年に醍醐寺報恩院の道順から灌頂を受ける。
- In 1316, he was given Kanjo (conferred the basic precepts and mystic teachings of esoteric Buddhism) by Dojun of Hoonin, Daigo-ji Temple.
- 湖城以正、東恩納寛量、上地完文などがそうである。
- Examples of the latter are Isei KOGUSUKU, Kanryo HIGAONNA and Kanmon KAMICHI.
- これが実現して200町歩もの農地が恩恵を受ける。
- This proposal was executed and 200 chobu (hectares) of agricultural land benefited from his project.
- 功績を挙げた郡司・富豪・俘囚に恩賞が与えられた。
- The Imperial Court granted rewards to gunji, the rich and powerful class, fushu who were of great service.
- また、再雇用も恩典もその後受けることはできない。
- Moreover, these officials shall not be able to receive reemployment and special dispensation after it.
- ただし、義直の養老料、照直の加恩分は収公された。
- However, Yoshinao's allowance for the old-age and benefits for Terunao were confiscated.
- さらに東には円山公園 (京都府)、知恩院がある。
- Continuing eastward, one will reach Maruyama Park (Kyoto Prefecture) and Chion-in Temple.
- 私達は太陽の恩恵を当たり前のことだと思っている。
- We take the blessing of the sun for granted.
- 実はつけないし、人にちっとも恩恵をもたらさない」
- It bears no fruit, and is not of the least service to man.'
- 行住坐臥にも報ずべし、かの仏の恩徳（おんどく）を。
- I must call the name of Amida Buddha in every single action of mine.
- 永仁7年（1299年）、報恩講の為に京都に赴いた。
- In 1299, he visited Kyoto to participate in Hoon-ko (the memorial service for Shinran.)
- 範遠の愛用した和弓が、浄恩寺に2つ保管されている。
- Two Japanese bows Norito used habitually were kept in Joon-ji Temple.
- 『灌頂の巻』住吉慶恩筆といい、あるいは光信筆という
- Keion SUMIYOAHI or Mitsunobu 'Kanjo no maki'
- 建礼門院が懐妊したため、平清盛が恩赦を出したのだ。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori had granted amnesty because of Kenreimonin's pregnancy.
- 家紋は竹に雀、菩提所は報恩寺、居所は院参町とした。
- The family crest was 'Bamboo and Sparrow;' the family temple was the Hoon-ji Temple; and the family residence was located in Inzancho.
- 功績の顕著な者に対しては朝廷から恩賞が給与された。
- Those among them who carried out fine performance were rewarded by the Imperial Court.
- 高野山は危機を脱し、8月21日には恩賞が行われた。
- Koyasan got through a crisis and on September 17 it gave Onsho (reward grants).
- 幕府による恩恵とする位置づけから恩貸とも呼ばれた。
- It was also called Ontai (sympathy loan) since it was deemed to be a benefit given from the bakufu.
- 知恩院第29世の満誉尊照を師として宗厳は出家した。
- Sogon entered into priesthood having Manyo Sonsho, the 29th generation of Chionin, as his master.
- これを聞いた御家人らは、ただ涙を流し報恩を誓った。
- Gokenin heard this, and tearfully swore repayment of a kindness.
- しかし、足利尊氏とその周辺は恩賞方入りを辞退した。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA and his fellows, however, declined appointments to the posts in the Onshogata.
- 御家人が鎌倉殿から受ける恩恵は、安堵と給与である。
- Gokenin (samurai retainers) received patronage and stipends from the Lord of Kamakura.
- クラスのほとんど全員が謝恩会を開くことに賛成した。
- Almost everyone in the class voted in favor of having a thank-you party for the teachers.
- この地方は新しい産業の恩恵を被ることになるだろう。
- The community will benefit from the new industry.
- 「命を助けて下されば、必ず恩返しを致します。」
- 'If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness.'
- エアリエルは恩知らずのように見えるのを恥じていた。
- said Ariel, ashamed to seem ungrateful;
- 宿主は恩恵を貰えず、しばしばその関係から害を受ける
- it does not benefit and is often harmed by the association
- 恩恵というのは、地球を覆う芝生に感謝することを言う
- honor comes to bless the turf that wraps their clay
- 彼はジョン・デューイの先駆け的な活動に恩恵を受けた
- he was indebted to the pioneering work of John Dewey
- 所属寺の報恩講との兼ね合いを踏まえて、日時を決める。
- Schedule should be decided taking in consideration of the schedule of the Hoonko of the temple you belong to.
- 12月・第1日曜日-宇多野三宝寺、日蓮忌日報恩法要。
- The first Sunday of December: Nichiren kinichi hoon hoyo (monthly memorial service for Nichiren) at Udano Sanpo-ji Temple.
- 柔仁で儒者を好み、貴賎を問わずしきりに恩勅を下した。
- He was calm and collected, liked Confucian scholars and often granted imperial clemency irrespective of the subject's social standing.
- 酬恩庵（酬恩庵） とんちで有名な一休宗純ゆかりの寺。
- Shuuonan – A temple associated with the famously witty Soujun IKKYUU
- こうした武功による恩賞の査定・授与を論功行賞という。
- This assessment and provision of rewards based on military performance was called ronko kosho.
- 知恩院〔京都市東山区新橋通大和大路東入三丁目林下町〕
- Chionin Temple [Rinka-cho, Shinbashidori Yamatooji Higashi-iru 3-chome, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]
- 大阪の陣で盛親は恩賞として土佐一国を所望したという。
- It is told that, in Osaka no Jin (the Siege of Osaka), he asked for Tosa Province as a reward.
- 2000年恩賜賞・日本芸術院賞受賞、日本芸術院会員。
- In 2000, he received the Onshi Prize and the Award of the Japan Art Academy, and became a member of the academy.
- 2003年日本芸術院賞・恩賜賞受賞、日本芸術院会員。
- In 2003, he received the Onshi Prize and also the Award of the Japan Art Academy, and became a member of the academy.
- 母宗恩が利休の後妻に入ったため、利休の養子となった。
- Because his mother Soon became Rikyu's second wife, he became an adopted son of Rikyu.
- 知恩院とならぶ格式を誇る浄土宗の大本山の1つである。
- It is one of prestigious daihonzan (head temple of a Buddhist sect) of Jodo Sect along with Chion-in Temple.
- 私は旧友に出会い、さらに不思議な事に恩師に出会った。
- I met an old friend, and what was more strange, my former teacher.
- しかし、神の恩寵により、私はこれとこれを矯正しよう。
- But, with God's grace, I will rectify this and this.
- 父親の恩恵と保護、または、父親にふさわしい恩恵と保護
- the benignity and protectiveness of or befitting a father
- 彼女は、彼女の子供たちを怠惰で恩知らずであると言った
- She called her children lazy and ungrateful
- （詳しくは、報恩講宗派別の御正忌報恩講の日程を参照。）
- (See the schedule of Goshoki Ho-onko by sect for details.)
- 特に知恩院の尊照と増上寺の存応は、家康の崇敬を受けた。
- Sonsho in Chion-in and Son'o in Zojo-ji Temple were especially respected by Ieyasu.
- やがて、鎌倉時代が進むと、恩賞の概念はより多様化した。
- In the mid to late Kamakura period the concept of rewards became more diverse.
- 此の刀を服する者は、長寿にして子孫洋々、□恩を得る也。
- The one who has this sword will live long, and his descendants will flourish, being blessed.
- 日本では「恩賜」と単に言えば天皇から賜ったものを指す。
- In Japan, if you merely say 'onshi', it means something presented by the emperor.
- 木像は知恩寺瑞林院、肖像画が大徳寺本坊・知恩寺に残る。
- His wooden statue can be found in Zuirin-in of Chion-ji Temple and his portraits are in honbo (priest's main residence) of Daitoku-ji Temple and Chion-ji Temple.
- 鄙びた門には自筆の「萬霊報恩郷」の額が掲げられている。
- An autograph plaque reading 'Banrei Hoonkyo' (home of repayment of a kindness by all souls) is set up in the rustic gate.
- この恩により、徳川家康の御用商人として取り立てられる。
- Based on this assistance he provided, he was granted Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's warrant as a merchant.
- 恩賞方・武者所・記録所寄人・雑訴決断所奉行、和泉守護。
- He served not only as a clerk at the office of Rewards, the warriors' office, and the land record office, but also as the magistrate of agency of Kenmu Government to file lawsuits and the military governor of Izumi.
- 今昔物語集等に記載がある蟹の恩返しの伝承で有名である。
- The temple is famous for the 'Kani no Ongaeshi' tradition written about in Konjaku Monogatarishu (lit. Anthology of Tales from the Past).
- こうした鎌倉殿と御家人間の互恵関係を御恩と奉公という。
- This reciprocal relationship between the Lord of Kamakura and gokenin was called 'goon to hoko' (literally meaning reward and service).
- 辞書といえば、私はいろいろな辞書の恩恵を受けています。
- Talking of dictionaries, I have benefited from various kinds.
- 昼も夜も私はもう安息の恩恵というものを知らなくなった！
- neither by day nor by night knew I the blessing of Rest any more!
- 情けは人のためならず。 恩に報いるに、恩を持ってする。
- One good turn deserves another.
- おそらくは同胞の恩情や慈善にすがる重荷となるでしょう。
- perhaps becomes a burthen on their affection or benevolence;
- 大正元年司法省令第三号恩赦令施行規則は、これを廃止する。
- The Ordinance for Enforcement of the Order of Pardon, Ministry of Justice Ordinance No. 3 of 1912, is hereby abolished.
- 慈恩大師基 (僧)（632年 - 682年） 法相宗開祖
- Jion Daishi Ki (priest) (632 - 682): Founder of Hosso Sect.
- これは、日蓮も『報恩抄』において、次のように述べている。
- In 'Hoonsho' (On Repaying Debts of Gratitude), Nichiren also writes as follows:
- 京都の妙心寺、知恩院の梵鐘の音とそれぞれ決められている。
- Sounds of temple bells from Myoshin-ji Temple and Chion-in Temple in Kyoto are used.
- 記録所、恩賞方、9月には雑訴決断所がそれぞれ設置される。
- Offices were established for the keeping of records and the distribution of rewards, and in the ninth month an office for the deciding of miscellaneous appeals was also established.
- 知恩院本堂（御影堂）（ちおんいんほんどう（みえいどう））
- Hondo (Mieido) of Chionin Temple
- 討伐を終えた石湯と諸人は天皇から直々に恩賞を賜っている。
- After the subjection, Iwayu and others were granted reward grants directly by the Emperor.
- 元和5年（1619年）京都知恩院の普請奉行を務めている。
- In 1619, he was appointed as the Fushin Bugyo (Minister of Civil Engineering and Construction Office) of Chion-in Temple, which was located in Kyoto.
- また、恩恵をうけるも災厄がふりかかるも信仰次第とされる。
- It is also believed that whether to receive a benefit or misfortune depends on the depth of a person's faith.
- 私自身も我々の高潔な恩人の遺した基金の受給者の一人です。
- and I am myself one of the pensioners upon the fund left by our noble benefactor.
- しかしそれは先祖伝来の経験という恩恵を受けているのです。
- but it has the benefit of ancestral experience.
- 手痛くかみつくけれど、その歯は薄情や忘恩ほど鋭くはない。
- and though they bite sharply, their tooth is nothing like so keen as that of unkindness and ingratitude.
- 我々は自身と後裔のために自由の恩恵を守らなければならない
- we must secure the benefits of freedom for ourselves and our posterity
- 石燈籠 旧所在報恩寺（京都市上京区小川通寺ノ内下ル射場町）
- Stone Lantern: formerly owned by Hoon-ji Tmple at Ibacho, Teranouchi-sagaru, Ogawadori, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City
- 同様に「報恩講御文」・「御浚御文」は、平時には拝読しない。
- For the same reason, the letter group 'Hoonko Ofumi' and the letter 'Osarae Ofumi' are not read in regular gongyo.
- また、豊臣恩顧の大名に許された称号としての役割も果たした。
- Besides, it served as the title given to daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who were patronized by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 更に朝廷の官職への推挙権や幕府の役職も恩賞の対象となった。
- Rights to commend meritorious warriors to posts in the Imperial Court or to appoint them to posts in the Shogunate were also regarded as rewards.
- 貴族といえども減刑は許されず、恩赦の対象にもならなかった。
- Even nobles were neither given reduction of the penalty nor granted amnesty.
- 頼朝はその恩に報いるために義隆の子、源頼隆に恩賞を与えた。
- Yoritomo gave a reward to MINAMOTO no Yoritaka, whose father was Yoshitaka.
- 恩を受けながら霜月騒動で泰盛方として戦う事のなかった季長。
- Suenaga did not fight for Yasumori at the Shimotsuki Incident although he was indebted to him.
- 承和11年（844年）には私宅を寺として慈恩寺を建立した。
- In 844, Sadanushi built his own residence into a temple setting up Jion-ji Temple.
- 渉成園（東本願寺）や酬恩庵（一休寺）などの作庭を手がけた。
- Jozan had a hand in creating gardens at Higashi-Hongan-ji Temple (Shosei-en Garden) and at Ikkyu-ji Temple (Shuonan Garden).
- 西本願寺および知恩院の大法会参拝団体旅行客のみ利用できた。
- At that time, the station was available only to group passengers attending 'Daihoe,' the great Buddhist memorial service at either Nishi Hongan-ji Temple or Chion-in Temple.
- この故事に因んで行なわれる報恩講の通称が、大根焚きである。
- It is due to this event that Hoonko (a memorial service for Shinran) is commonly known as 'Daikon-taki.'
- 彼は、彼の父親によって築かれた豊富な信頼の恩恵を受けている
- he is the beneficiary of a generous trust set up by his father
- 亡恩ほど普遍的に憎むべき悪はない−ジョセフ・プリーストリー
- no vice is universally as hateful as ingratitude- Joseph Priestly
- 酬恩庵は通称「一休寺」と言い、京都府京田辺市の薪地区にある。
- Shuuonan, commonly called 'Ikkyuuji', is located in the Takigi area of Kyoutanabe City in Kyoto.
- 『報恩抄』『法華取要抄』『三大秘法抄』などに記述が見られる。
- It has been described in 'Hoon-sho,' 'Hokke-shuyo-sho,' 'Sandaihiho-sho' and so on.
- 知恩院敷地に多くを囲まれるが、同院とは独立した別の寺である。
- Although the temple is surrounded by the premises of Chion-in Temple, Isshin-in Temple is independent and distinct from Chion-in.
- 家人の恩賞を朝廷に周旋し、家人の任官・昇叙に関与したりした。
- They in turn recommended the Imperial Court to reward kejin, and were involved in kenin's appointment as governmental officials or their promotion.
- 晩年は豊臣家への恩義と自家の徳川政権での存続に心を悩ませた。
- In his later years, he was deeply troubled over his moral obligation toward the Toyotomi family and his survival in the Tokugawa government.
- 恩師神山鳳陽に教えを受け、また鳩居堂の熊谷直之と同窓となる。
- He had Hoyo GOYAMA as his teacher and became classmates with Naoyuki KUMAGAI whose family owned the Kyukyodo.
- 自然は人々に恩恵をもたらすとともに、時には人に危害を及ぼす。
- Nature bestows benefits onto humankind, and from time to time also presents hazards to humankind.
- すると、ワシは恩知らずではないことを、農夫に証明してみせた。
- The Eagle did not prove ungrateful to his deliverer,
- 大変な恩恵を受けているのに、それに気付かない人がいるものだ。
- Some men underrate their best blessings.
- しかし、パトラッシュは、犬らしく、恩の心も忘れませんでした。
- But Patrasche, being a dog, was grateful.
- 智恩寺（ちおんじ）は、京都府宮津市にある臨済宗妙心寺派の寺院。
- Chion-ji Temple, located in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Myoshin-ji School of the Rinzai Sect.
- 念仏の道場とし、伽藍を整備し、如空のとき功徳院知恩寺と称した。
- He made it a dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) of nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and built a Buddhist temple, and Nyoku called it Kudokuin Chion-ji Temple.
- 戦国時代_(日本)を通じて官途状が武功の恩賞として多用された。
- During and after the Sengoku period, Kantojo was often used as a reward for military exploits.
- 内容も忠孝、仁義、報恩などの教化を主とするものにしてしまった。
- He also changed the contents into mainly educational things such as loyalty and filial piety, humanity and justice, and gratitude.
- 元和 (日本)3年（1617年）京都知恩院普請の奉行を勤めた。
- In 1617, he oversaw the construction of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto.
- 戦功により永世士族の身分、恩賞金250両、終身8人扶持を賜る。
- For his distinguished war services, he received the permanent position of warrior class, 250 ryo (unit of currency) as reward grants, and Hatchinin fuchi (the equivalent of an annual eight-man rice stipend) on a permanent basis.
- 正盛は京へ凱旋し、朝廷より恩賞が授けられ、義親は梟首とされた。
- Masamori went back to Kyoto and was awarded Onsho (reward grants) and Yoshichika's severed head was exposed in public.
- 画姓を豊原とした経緯は豊原周信への恩を忘れぬためだといわれる。
- It is said that he came to choose TOYOHARA for his main artist name in order to always remember the debt of gratitude he owed to Chikanobu TOYOHARA.
- ほかにも土佐藩主山内容堂、伊勢国津藩主藤堂高猷の恩顧を受けた。
- In addition, he found favor with Yodo YAMAUCHI, a feudal retainer of Tosa Domain and Takayuki TODO, a feudal retainer of Tsu Domain of Ise Province.
- 嘉永三年（1850年）に挙母藩を脱藩し、知恩院の一心寺に入寺。
- In 1850, he left Koromo Domain, and entered Isshin-ji Temple of Chion-in Temple as a priest.
- 父は千利休の後妻千宗恩の連れ子千少庵、母は利休の娘お亀である。
- His father was Shoan SEN, who was a child from a former marriage of Soon SEN, the second wife of Rikyu SEN, and his mother was Okame, Rikyu's daughter.
- 守護の恩典には、将軍の諱から一字をもらう一字拝領などがあった。
- One of the privileges of the Shugo was ichiji-hairyo, by which they could receive one letter from the Shogun's imina (personal name).
- この二点の衣類の恩恵により、人はいつでも合格だ、と彼は言った。
- By grace of these two articles of clothing, he said, a man could always pass muster.
- 大地主さんやスモレット船長にはわしらみんな、恩があるからなぁ」
- and all our dooties to the squire and Cap'n Smollett.'
- 人々はただ単に自分たちの恩人を誤解したというのではないのです。
- Men did not merely mistake their benefactor;
- 12月9日・12月10日-鳴滝 (京都市右京区)了徳寺、報恩講。
- December 9 and 10: Hoon-Ko (Day of Gratitude) at Ryotoku-ji Temple, Narutaki (Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City).
- 丁重に扱われ、付喪神となったものが、恩を返すなどした伝承もある。
- One legend states that a thing that was treated courteously and became Tsukumogami would repay the owner.
- 函根（箱根）離宮（現在の神奈川県立恩賜箱根公園）：神奈川県箱根町
- Hakone Imperial Villa (current Kanagawa Prefecture Hakone Royal Garden): Hakone-cho, Kanagawa Prefecture
- 以前は恩賜のタバコが授与されたが、現在では菓子が授与されている。
- In former times they were given imperial cigarettes, now replaced by sweets.
- 恩賞方は鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加したものに対する論功行賞を処理。
- The Rewards Office handled the conferral of honors and awards to those who had participated in the campaign to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- 平氏政権は人事や荘園の多くを掌握し、恩賞を差配する地位についた。
- The Taira regime took control of many appointments and manors, thereby acquiring the position that enabled them to manage reward grants.
- 後に領主権力も自己を領民の庇護者としての恩恵（国恩）を強調した。
- Later, feudal lords claimed to be the protectors of the people of the domain and stressed the benefit of the existence of such protectors (kokuon (benefit given by the lord of domain)).
- 驕兵は戦闘のときにも十分な恩賞が約束されねば戦おうとしなかった。
- Kyohei did not even fight in a battle if they were not adequately compensated.
- 大報恩寺本堂（千本釈迦堂）〔京都市上京区五辻通六軒町西入溝前町〕
- Hondo of Daihoon-ji Temple (Senbon Shakado) [Mizomae-cho, Itsutsujidori Rokken-cho Nishi-iru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City]
- これらの権利は、天皇から臣民に与えられた「恩恵的権利」とされた。
- These rights were thought to be 'the right given by emperor's favor.'
- 恩地孝四郎らと「どんたく図案社」を発足するも、関東大震災で潰滅。
- He started 'Dontaku Zuan Sha' (Dontaku Design Company) with Koshiro ONCHI and others, but the company was destroyed by the Great Kanto Earthquake.
- 1897年 東京帝国大学法科大学長兼内閣法制局長官兼内閣恩給局。
- In 1897, he became the president of Tokyo Imperial University, School of Law, and in parallel with this, he took up additional posts as the director of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau and the Cabinet Pension Bureau.
- 毒瘡に病み、詔により医薬を賜るが、まもなく慈恩寺西書院で没する。
- Sadanushi suffered from syphilis and was given medication by the Imperial command, but died shortly at Seishoin of Jion-ji Temple.
- 翌、1468年には細川勝元に播磨国福井庄を恩賞として還付された。
- In the following year of 1468, he was given Fukui manor in Harima Province (one of the former territories of the Kikkawa clan) by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA as a reward.
- 同年秋、22歳で心源院（現・八王子市下恩方町）に移り、出家した。
- In autumn of the same year, she moved to Shingen-in Temple (Shimoongata-machi, Hachioji City) when she was 22, and became a nun.
- 31号系統 - 高野・知恩寺・祇園・四条河原町経由 四条烏丸行き
- Route No. 31 - For Shijo-Karasuma via Takano, Chion-ji Temple, Gion, Shijo-Kawaramachi
- 東大寺東南院の樹慶に三論宗を、醍醐寺報恩院憲深に真言密教を学んだ。
- Shoshu studied the doctrine of Sanron sect under Jukei of Tonan-in of Todai-ji Temple and Shingon Esoteric Buddhism under Kenjin of Hoon-in of Daigo-ji Temple.
- 11月21～28日の間に本山で厳修される報恩講の予修として勤める。
- Gongyo is done as the preliminary event of the gonshu (holding a Buddhist ceremony) of Hoonko at the head temple from November 21 to November 28.
- 知恩院の修復をはじめとして、作事・普請の才を認められた人であった。
- From the time of his restoration of Chion-in Temple, his construction skills were highly regarded.
- 時頼は常世に礼を言い、言葉に偽りがなかったのを誉めて恩賞を与える。
- Tokiyori expresses his gratitude to Tsuneyo, praises that Tsuneyo had given no false words, and provides him with Onsho (reward grants).
- 上野高直は、下道郡市場村の臨済宗万寿山報恩寺を再興し菩提寺とした。
- Takanao UENO restored Manju-zan Hoon-ji Temple of the Rinzai sect in Ichiba Village, Shimotsumichi County and turned it into the family temple.
- そのため、後日の恩賞のため、参陣や軍功の事実を証する必要が生じた。
- Therefore participation in war or military exploits had to be proven for later rewards.
- 追捕官符なしの追捕行為は私合戦とされ、恩賞の対象とはならなかった。
- The act of capturing criminals with no tsuibu kanpu was considered a private fight, and no reward was provided for the achievement.
- 官途状は領土の加増などと並ぶ、恩賞のひとつとしての役割を果たした。
- Kantojo functioned as one of the reward grants, similar to increase in territory.
- さらに、西国に配置した東軍の大名はほとんど豊臣恩顧の大名であった。
- In addition, most of the daimyo in the eastern group who were placed in the western region of Japan were the daimyo who had been under an obligation to the Toyotomi family.
- この新しい理論はアインシュタインの相対性理論からの恩恵を受けている
- This new theory owes much to Einstein's Relativity Theory
- 前消化された食事は、病気や消化作用を損なった人にとっては恩恵である
- predigested foods are a boon for those who are ill or have impaired digestion
- 足利義満の猶子となり、三宝院賢俊に入室し、報恩院隆源の下で得度した。
- Mansai was adopted by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and studied Buddhism under Sanboin Kenshun to come to enter the Buddhist priesthood under Hooin Ryugen.
- 真宗大谷派においては、仏恩・師恩に対する報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆すること。
- In the Otani school of the Jodo Shishu sect, it means a hoon hosha (repay a kindness and thank for a virtue) and a buttokusantan (praise the virtues of Buddha) to butsuon (the graces of Buddha) and shion (favors one receive from one's teacher).
- 坂東曲（ばんどうぶし）とは、真宗大谷派の法要・報恩講でなされる行事。
- Bando-bushi is an event taking place at Buddhist memorial services and Hoon-ko (memorial services for Shinran) in the Otani school of the Shinshu Sect.
- 志賀の都で忠臣たちへ恩賞が授与され、久我之助と雛鳥の供養が行われる。
- The loyal vassals are rewarded in Shiga no Miyako (the ancient capital of Japan in current Shiga, also called Otsu no Miyako), and a Buddhist service is held for Koganosuke and Hinadori.
- そのため、給与された恩賞に対する不満は常に潜在していたと言ってよい。
- It can be said therefore that there was constantly latent dissatisfaction at granted rewards.
- これに深い恩義を感じた児玉党系富田氏は、以降、忠義を尽くす事となる。
- Deeply feeling indebted to the Shogun family for this favor, the TOMIDA clan belonging to the Kodama Party had served as a faithful servant since then.
- 逆に三位局派の名和長年、千種忠顕等は新政の恩賞で厚く遇されたという。
- In contrast, Nagatoshi NAWA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA, both belonging to sanmi no tsubone's side, were given rewards and treated favorably during the Restoration.
- 生後10日で京都知恩院門跡の坊官大田垣光古（てるひさ）の養女となる。
- Ten days after her birth, she became an adopted daughter of Teruhisa OTAGAKI, bokan (a priest who served for the Monzeki families) for the Monzeki family of Kyoto Chion-in Temple.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後の建武の新政では恩賞方、雑訴決断所の役人に任じられる。
- Under the Kenmu Restoration after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, Chikamitsu was appointed the officer of the Onshogata (the Reward Office which was the administrative organ of the Kenmu Restoration, responsible for granting military awards called 'onsho') and the Zasso ketsudansho (the Miscellaneous Claims Court which was the central judicial organ of the Kenmu Restoration).
- 翌年、後醍醐天皇による新政が始まるが、宗久は恩賞を与えられなかった。
- A year later, the new government by Emperor Godaigo began, but reward grants were not given to Munehisa.
- 知恩院（ちおんいん）は、京都府京都市東山区にある浄土宗総本山の寺院。
- Chion-in Temple, situated in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is the headquarters of the Pure Land sect of Buddhism.
- 2種の生物体のうち、一方がもう一方を傷つけることなく恩恵を受ける関係
- the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it
- あくまでも念仏は、報恩の為に発せられるのであって、往生の条件ではない。
- Nenbutsu is definitely recited for gratitude, not the condition of going to Heaven.
- 京都知恩院には勢至堂が建てられ、本尊として勢至菩薩像が安置されている。
- In Chion-in Temple Kyoto, Seishi-do was established to install Seishi Bosatsu as the Honzon.
- 信光明寺3世を経て、1521年（永正18年）京都知恩院25世を継いだ。
- He assumed the position of the third chief priest in Shinkomyo-ji Temple, and then succeeded to Chion-in Temple in Kyoto as the 25th chief priest in 1521.
- 酬恩庵（しゅうおんあん）は、京都府京田辺市にある臨済宗大徳寺派の寺院。
- Shuon-an Temple, located in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of Rinzai sect's Daitoku-ji school.
- 『京都市東山知恩院前上ル 一澤帆布製』と縫い込まれた赤枠のタグで有名。
- It is known for the tag 'Kyoto-shi Higashiyama Chion-in maeagaru IchizawaHanpu sei' (made by Ichizawa Hanpu in Chion-in maeagaru, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City) stitched into the red border.
- 林家舞楽（1981年1月21日 寒河江市慈恩寺ほか 谷地の舞楽保存会）
- Hayashike bugaku court dance and music (January 21, 1981; Jion-ji Temple in Sagae City, etc.; Yachi no Bugaku Hozonkai [Association for the Preservation of Bugaku in Yachi])
- 中世日本において武士同士の主従関係は、御恩と奉公により成り立っていた。
- The relationship between lord and vassal in medieval Japan was based on favor and service.
- 後にそれぞれの省に人事局恩賞課が置かれた他、功績調査部なども置かれた。
- Subsequently, each ministry created a reward section under the Bureau of Personnel alongside the Achievement Appraisal Department.
- そのため池田屋事件の恩賞は破格のものであり、勇名も一気に天下に轟いた。
- Consequently, rewards received for Ikedaya Incident were unprecedented, and their names became widely known throughout the country.
- 幕府滅亡後、実弟で笠置寺衆徒の中坊源専が恩賞として柳生荘を返還された。
- After the fall of the government, Yagyuso was returned to his own younger brother, Gensen NAKANOBO, who was a priest of Kasagi-dera Temple as a reward.
- また、王のためにその地には感恩寺（慶尚北道慶州市陽北面）が建てられた。
- In addition, 感恩寺 Temple (陽北面, Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang Province) was built for the king at the site.
- 和歌にも優れており、「君の恩寵も深かりき」と評される程の側近となった。
- He was very good at Waka (Japanese poem) and won the good graces of the Emperor to become a close associate.
- 大報恩寺 六観音像（6躯）（重要文化財） - 貞応3年（1224年）。
- Six Statues of Roku Kannon of Daihoon-ji Temple (important cultural property) : 1224
- 規律を重んじて恩情を排除したので、官人も民衆もたいへん安定したという。
- Because he got did away with loyalty and increased respect for laws, low to mid level officials and the public became stable.
- 妻は、幕末動乱期の命の恩人かつ同志でもある京都の芸妓幾松（木戸松子）。
- His wife was Ikumatsu the geisha (Matsuko KIDO) who saved his life and became his comrade during the turbulent period before the restoration.
- 報恩講法要 - 10月18日、学部学科によっては休講となることがある。
- Annual Buddhist Service for Dedicating Gratitude to Priest Shinran-October 18th is when lectures of some Faculties and Departments are off.
- 御家人は恩恵を受ける見返りとして、鎌倉殿へ軍事と公事の奉仕義務を負う。
- In return for patronage, gokenin (samurai retainers) had a duty to serve the Lord of Kamakura both militarily and politically.
- 中下級の公家の所領は大きく分けて「相伝」と「恩領」の2つに分れていた。
- The shoryo (fief) of the kuge of a middle and lower class was largely classified into two kinds: 'soden' (hereditary succession) and 'onryo' (rewarded land).
- 令名は大いなる富にまさり、恩恵は銀や金よりも良い。 (箴言 22:1)
- A good name is more desirable than great riches, and loving favor is better than silver and gold. (Proverbs 22:1)
- ヘビは暖まると、元気を取り戻し、本性を顕わにして命の恩人に噛みついた。
- The Snake was quickly revived by the warmth, and resuming its natural instincts, bit its benefactor,
- この恩恵は同じようにだれもが施しうるものではないのというのは真実です。
- It is true that this benefit is not capable of being rendered by everybody alike:
- それはさておいて、大恩あるあなたと今一度お目にかかれて光栄に思います。
- At least Fix felt honored to behold once more the gentleman to whom he owed so much,
- その後上洛して知恩院に住し、円山応挙に師事して写実的画風の感化を受けた。
- Meanwhile, he went to Kyoto to live in Chionin Temple, and was inspired by Okyo MARUYAMA about his realistic painting style as his teacher.
- 三時知恩寺（さんじちおんじ）は、京都市上京区にある浄土宗の寺院（尼寺）。
- Sanji Chion-ji Temple, located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple (nunnery) of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.
- これに心を打たれた平清盛は、高倉天皇の中宮平徳子の安産祈願の恩赦を行う。
- Impressed by this act, TAIRA no Kiyomori granted a pardon to pray for a smooth delivery for Taira no Tokuko, the empress of Emperor Takakura.
- 奥州に帰郷して首尾良く父の仇敵を討つと再び禅門に入り、名を慈恩と改めた。
- After he went back to his hometown, Oshu Province, and successfully avenged his father's death, he entered Zen Buddhism again and changed his name to Jion.
- 上野恩賜公園など一部の名所では夜桜のためにぼんぼりを仮設することがある。
- Some famous spots such as Ueno Onshi Park temporarily display paper lanterns for yozakura (night viewing of cherry blossom).
- 大序仙洞御所の段 義経に後白河法皇から、合戦の恩賞に初音の鼓が下される。
- Daijo (prologue) section of Sento Imperial PalaceCloistered Emperor Goshirakawa gives a Hatsune no tsuzumi to Yoshitsune, as reward grants of the battle.
- こうした主従関係を結びつける契機となったのが、御恩と奉公の関係性である。
- A factor that enabled connecting a master with his servants in such a situation was the relationship between goon and hoko.
- そうした恩賞のあり方は南北朝時代や室町時代を通じて、基本的に踏襲された。
- Such a practice of rewards essentially continued into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period.
- 大判は一般流通を前提とした通貨ではなく、恩賞および贈答用のものであった。
- Oban was not a currency minted to be used for regular circulation, and it was for rewards and gifts.
- 頼尚は恩賞として筑前国、豊前国、肥後国、対馬国などの守護職を与えられる。
- Yorinao was rewarded for his service by being appointed the governor of several provinces, including Chikuzen, Buzen, Higo, and Tsushima.
- 「（中略）恩を知り名を惜しむ人は、早く不忠の讒臣を討ち恩に報いるべし。」
- (snip) Those who know the obligation and lament his name, shall kill disloyal and false subjects (vassals) at once, to repay the kindness.'
- 名前は知恩院の表門前の通りを古門前通と呼ぶことに対してつけられたという。
- Shinmonzen-dori (literally, a new street in front of a gate) Street was given its name as opposed to the fact that the street running in front of the front gate of Chion-in Temple was named Komonzen-dori (literally, an old street in front of a gate) Street.
- 知恩院三門、東本願寺御影堂門とともに、京都三大門の一つに数えられている。
- It is considered one of the three great gates of Kyoto along with the Sam-mon Gate of Chion-in Temple and Mieido-mon Gate of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 独創性が彼らにもたらす第一の恩恵というのは、その目を見開かせることです。
- The first service which originality has to render them, is that of opening their eyes:
- また各派ともに、宗祖親鸞聖人の忌日に、「報恩講」と呼ばれる法会を厳修する。
- Each sect holds a memorial service called 'Ho-onko' on the anniversary of the death of the founder Shinran Sho'nin.
- 1234年（文暦元年）知恩院を再興する一方で、百万遍知恩寺の基礎を築いた。
- While he revived Chion-in Temple in 1234, he established the basis of Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple.
- JR京都駅から市バスD2乗り場 206番バス 「知恩院前」下車、徒歩すぐ。
- A short walk from the 'Chionin-mae' bus stop, by Number 206 bus from City bus D2 platform at JR Kyoto Station.
- 『小柴垣草紙』（一名『野々宮絵巻』）住吉慶恩筆といい、あるいは信実筆という
- Keion SUMIYOAHI or Nobuzane 'Koshibagaki-zoshi'(lit. small brushwood fence books) (another title 'Nonomiya-emaki')
- 参戦した隊士達には原田左之助の20両を筆頭に、会津藩から恩賞が与えられた。
- The members in the battle were given reward grants from the Aizu Clan, including Sanosuke HARADA who was given 20 ryo (current unit).
- 平安時代中期～後期から武士層に「御恩と奉公」の関係が徐々に形成されていた。
- The relationships of 'goon and hoko' had been formed gradually among samurai class during the middle to the latter half era of the Heian period.
- 御家人には軍忠状を提出して軍功と引き換えに恩賞を請求する権利が与えられた。
- Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were given rights to claim rewards for their meritorious performance in battle by submitting service citations.
- 罪自体の軽重とは別に一切の社会的特権を剥奪され、恩赦の対象からも外された。
- Apart from the gravity of a crime, all social privileges were deprived and also no amnesty was granted.
- 明和_(日本)9年の大火で評定所が焼失した時に恩赦に関する資料が失われた。
- In 1772 the conference chamber (hyojosho) burned down in The Great Fire of Meiwa and all the documents on pardon were lost.
- 実際の恩赦の対象になりえたのは遠島・追放となった受刑者がほとんどであった。
- Therefore, those who could actually be pardoned were mostly convicted persons who were exiled to an island or banished.
- 旧外国語学校時代の恩師である古川常一郎の推薦を受けロシア語科の教授となる。
- Upon the recommendation of Tsuneichiro FURUKAWA, his former teacher at the old School of Foreign language, Shimei became a professor in the Department of Russian language.
- 乱の終結後に合戦の恩賞の除目があり、重盛は勲功賞として伊予国に任じられる。
- Rewards were granted after the war was over, and Shigemori was appointed to be in charge of Iyo Province as a reward for his distinguished service.
- 家康の死後、恩赦により刑が解かれたが秀家は八丈島に留まったという説もある。
- One theory has it that although he was set free under an amnesty after the Ieyasu's death, Hideie stayed in Hachijo-jima Island.
- ほとんど学歴のない平瀬が、恩賜賞を授与されるというのは異例のことであった。
- It was quite unusual that Onshi Prize was given to a person like HIRASE having almost no academic background.
- 将門追討の恩賞として木工助（宮内省の宮殿造営職である木工寮の次官）に就任。
- As a reward for his achievement in hunting down and killing Masakado, Tamenori was appointed Mokunosuke (Vice-governor of the Bureau of Public Works which was called 'Mokunoryo' in Japanese and was in charge of construction of palaces under the Imperial Household Ministry known as the Kunai-sho in Japanese).
- さらに、台風で倒壊した日蓮宗の法恩寺を再建するなど自ら救済活動に奔走した。
- Furthermore, Ryoo rebuilt the Hon-ji Temple of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism, which collapsed during a Typhoon, he dedicated himself to rebuilding through his own initiative.
- 1845年、八尾の教恩寺の住職となり、多くの門人に国学・歌道の教育を行う。
- In 1845, he became a chief priest of Kyoon-ji Temple in Yao and instructed Japanese classical literature and the art of waka poetry to many pupils.
- 【23・川北線】福知山駅前 - 広小路 - 川北 - 報恩寺口 - 山野口
- '23 Kawakita Route' Fukuchiyama eki mae Station - Hirokoji - Kawakita - Hoji guchi - Yamano guchi
- 金戒光明寺は徳川初期に同じ浄土宗の知恩院とともに城郭構造に改められていた。
- In the early years of Tokugawa regime, the structure of Komyo-ji Temple was renovated to a castle-style along with Chion-in Temple which also belonged to Jodo Sect.
- 一方雑訴決断所の寄人になっていた旧幕府の法曹官僚も恩賞方からは排除された。
- Meanwhile, a judicial bureaucrat from the overthrown bakufu, a Yoryudo of Zasso-Ketsudansho, was excluded from the Onshogata.
- 引付が事実上廃止されて、政所・侍所・問注所・恩賞方などに右筆が配置された。
- Hikitsuke were effectively made obsolete and Yuhitsu (amanuensis, secretary) were stationed at places such as the Mandokoro (Administrative Board), the Samuraidokoro (Board of Retainers), Monchujo (Board of Inquiry) and Onshokata (department that handled reward duties).
- いっぽう、鎌倉幕府と御恩・奉公の契約関係にない「非御家人」の数も多かった。
- On the other hand, there were also many so-called 'higokenin' (non-samurai retainers) who did not have a contractual reward-for-service relationship with the Kamakura bakufu (shogunate).
- 議論の多くの個所で、アドルノ、ホルクハイマーらの美学論に恩恵を受けている。
- My argument is indebted in a number of places to the aesthetic theories of Adorno, Horkheimer and others.
- お歴々に新しい恩恵を施せば、古傷を忘れてもらえると信じる者は、欺かれます。
- He who believes that new benefits will cause great personages to forget old injuries is deceived.
- 俗離れしていたが、世俗的な恩恵を本当に逃さなかった−シェルドン・チェイニー
- was unworldly and did not greatly miss worldly rewards- Sheldon Cheney
- 彼が居住した知恩寺の別名「百万遍」はその時の褒賞として授けられた寺号である。
- The jigo (temple name) called 'Hyakumanben,' which is a byname of Chion-ji Temple where he lived, is the title given to a Buddhist temple, as an award at that time.
- 清盛の俊寛に対する怨みは深く、それゆえ俊寛だけが恩赦を受けられなかったのだ。
- Kiyomori's anger was deep, and therefore, Kiyomori didn't grant Shunkan amnesty.
- 左大臣公直・左大臣公行父子が養親となり貞成は終生その養育の恩を忘れなかった。
- Sadaijin (the Minister of the left), Kinnao and his father, Sadaijin, Kinyuki became his foster parent, Sadafusa remembered his parent's kindness for the rest of his life.
- これに伴い、関東の狭い「苗字の地」から新恩の広い地方へ移り住む例が多くなる。
- As a result, many clans relocated from their cramped family lands in Kanto to the more spacious lands they had been newly awarded.
- 幕府はその惣領と御恩・奉公による主従関係を結び、間接的には庶子をも支配した。
- The soryo made a master and servant relationship with bakufu through favor and service, and indirectly ruled over illegitimate children.
- 『系図纂要』は近衛経忠の子近衛経家を「福恩寺関白」とし、嘉喜門院の父とする。
- According to 'Keizu Sanyo' (a collection of genealogies), Tsuneie KONOE, a son of Tadatsune KONOE, was the 'Fukuonji Chancellor' and also Kakimon-in's real father.
- 長府藩潜伏中に寵愛した侍妾恩地トミは、忠光が暗殺された後に遺児仲子を産んだ。
- The concubine Tomi ONCHI, who was loved by Tadamitsu while he was hiding under the Chofu Domain, had the bereaved child Nakako after Tadamitsu was murdered.
- 恩賞として美濃国烏峰城主に封じられる（改築の上、金山城 (美濃国)に改名）。
- As a reward for his service, Yoshinari was made lord of Uho-jo Castle (which was renamed Kaneyama-jo Castle (in Mino province) after it was restored).
- また安芸国周防国・因幡国・伯耆国・出雲国・日向国などに恩賞地を拝領している。
- He also received Onshochi (a land given for reward) such as the Provinces of Aki, Suo, Inaba, Hoki, Izumo, and Hyuga.
- 京都府宮津市天橋立にある天橋山智恩寺の本堂「文殊堂」から採られたものである。
- The train name originates from 'Monju-do,' which is the main building of Tenkyozan Chion-ji Temple located in Amanohashidate, Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 主にささぐべき酬恩祭の犠牲のおきては次のとおりである。 (レビ記 7:11)
- ''This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which one shall offer to Yahweh. (Leviticus 7:11)
- 静まるためにふさわしい時間を求め、神の恩恵について何度も思いを巡らせなさい。
- Seek a suitable time for thy meditation, and think frequently of the mercies of God to thee.
- 「美しい心をくれた人物のために嘆かなかったら、まさに恩知らずになってしまう。
- 'Truly I should be ungrateful if I failed to mourn for the man who gave me my lovely heart.
- 知事は、有罪判決を受けた殺人者に対し、恩赦を与えるという要求を攻め立てられた
- The governor was bombarded with requests to grant a pardon to the convicted killer
- 恩赦状を本人に交付した者は、速やかにその旨を法務大臣に報告しなければならない。
- The person who has delivered the certificate of pardon to the person in question shall promptly report as such to the Minister of Justice.
- 伊達政宗は関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康に味方し、その恩賞として62万石に加増された。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara, Masamune DATE took the side of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and was awarded additional lands to 620,000 goku (172,360 cubic meters) for his war service.
- しかし、いずれも新政府側から他の諸藩と同格とは見なされず恩恵を得られなかった。
- However, they were not equally treated as some other domains, and did not receive any privilege.
- その後、御恩と奉公は明治維新まで続く武家社会の基本的な成立要素として機能した。
- Thereafter, goon and hoko functioned as a basic factor constituting samurai society that continued until the Meiji Restoration.
- そして、鎮圧した武士たちが、勲功をもとに満足のいく恩賞を獲得することとなった。
- The samurai who suppressed the rebels were rewarded sufficiently based on their achievements.
- 4月5日に恩赦で懲役に減刑されるが、文子は特赦状を刑務所長の面前で破り捨てた。
- Although their death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment under an amnesty on April 5, Fumiko tore up the pardon order in front of a warden.
- このことを根拠に「光秀は恩を仇で返した愚か者」と酷評する歴史研究家も存在する。
- Some historians criticize Mitsuhide for this by saying 'Mitsuhide is a fool who returned evil for good.'
- 義持は猿楽よりも田楽好みであったため、義満のころほどは恩恵を受けられなくなる。
- As Yoshimochi preferred Dengaku (ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples) to Sarugaku, Zeami enjoyed less patronage than he received from Yoshimitsu.
- 5月20日、一首の和歌と共に恩賞の少なさを愁いた紀康綱に備中国の領地を与える。
- On July 2, he gave a territory in Bicchu Province to KI no Yasutsuna, who grieved over few reward grants by composing a waka.
- 明治22年（1889年）の大日本帝国憲法発布に伴う恩赦によって出獄を許された。
- In 1889, he was discharged from prison under the amnesty at the promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- この事に恩を感じ、この合戦で楠木勢として参戦した者が多かったと伝えられている。
- It has been told that there were many who participated in this battle as the KUSUNOKI side to repay the obligation.
- バス・京都市営バス知恩院前バス停、または京阪バス神宮道バス停下車、徒歩7～8分
- Bus: Take the Kyoto City Bus to Chion-in-mae Bus Stop or take the Keihan Bus to Jingudo Bus Stop and walk for 7-8 minutes.
- 残った有力末寺6坊は、経豪の弟経誉を知恩院からよび戻し、佛光寺第14世とした。
- The remaining six influential branch temples recalled Kyoyo, Kogo's younger brother, back from Chion-in Temple to serve as the fourteenth chief priest of Bukko-ji Temple.
- 信長は慈恩寺の旧地に一寺を開き、明感を開山として浄土宗に改め浄厳院と名乗った。
- Nobunaga opened a temple at the remains of Jion-ji Temple with Meikan as its founder and named the temple Jogon-in Temple after it converted to the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.
- その時の恩賞として征夷大将軍から内藤の姓を許され、内藤宗勝と改名したようである。
- The Shogun granted him the family name 'Naito' was a reward for his achievement, and it seems that he changed his name to Munekatsu NAITO.
- 百万遍知恩寺（ひゃくまんべんちおんじ）は、京都市左京区にある浄土宗大本山の寺院。
- Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple, located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is the Grand Head Temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.
- 同年、『決智鈔』、『法華問答』、『報恩記』、『至道抄』、『選択註解抄』を著わす。
- In the same year, he wrote 'Kecchi sho,' 'Hokke mondo,' 'Hoonki,' 'Shido sho' and 'Senjaku-chugesho' (Commentary on Senjaku).
- この頃、早稲の穂が実るので、農民の間で初穂を恩人などに贈る風習が古くからあった。
- There had been an old custom of presenting hatsuho (the first crops) to their benefactors around that time when ears of early-ripening rice plants become ripe.
- 祟りを恐れた村人たちが母恩寺の住職に告げ、ねんごろに弔って土に埋めて塚を建てた。
- Villagers around the area feared the vengeance of the Nue, notified the head priest of Boon-ji Temple of it, buried the corpse, mourning over the death of the Nue by building a Nue-zuka mound.
- 巨椋池は多様な動植物の生息地として、豊かな環境を育み多くの人に恩恵を与えてきた。
- As a habitat to various plants and animals, Ogura-ike Pond has been providing a rich environment being beneficial to people.
- 「トルコ人ならだれもが、エルトゥールル号の遭難の際に受けた恩義を知っています。」
- Every Turk knows Japan's kindness we received at the time of the disaster of Ertuğrul.'
- これはいわば恩を売った形で将軍になることで、政治を有利に進めていく狙いがあった。
- By becoming the Shogun as a favor to others he aimed to manipulate politics to his advantage.
- この研究が評価され、1940年学士院恩賜賞受賞、1943年最年少で文化勲章受章。
- This research was appreciated, with the result that he was awarded the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho (the Imperial prize of the Imperial Academy (later Japan Academy)) in 1940 and the Order of Culture in 1943, while becoming the youngest winner of the Order of Culture.
- 北条氏 (極楽寺流)の分かれ北条氏 (普恩寺流)で、第13代執権の北条基時の子。
- He was the son of Mototoki HOJO, the 13th Regent to the Shogun, and a member of the Hojo clan (Fuonji branch) which had split from the Gokurakuji branch of the Hojo clan.
- 後年、和田義盛は源頼朝に恩賞としてその職を望み、鎌倉政権の侍所別当に補任された。
- In later years, Yoshimori WADA wished for Tadakiyo's position as betto for a reward, and was appointed as Samuraidokoro Betto (administrator of the Board of Retainers) of the Kamakura government.
- 大報恩寺（だいほうおんじ）は京都市上京区にある真言宗智山派の寺院で山号は瑞応山。
- Daihoon-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan school of the Shingon Sect located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 私の木陰で休んで恩恵を享受しているくせに、無駄で役立たずなどよく言えたものだな」
- Do you, while receiving benefits from me and resting under my shade, dare to describe me as useless, and unprofitable?'
- ワシは舞い上がると、ウサギに襲いかかり、恩人への贈り物として持っていこうとした。
- The Eagle took flight, and pouncing upon a hare, brought it at once as an offering to his benefactor.
- このことから、真宗の教えを漢字8字であらわすと、「信心正因 称名報恩」と言われる。
- Through this, the doctrine of Shinshu is called 'Shinjin Shoin, Shomyo Ho-on' (Faith makes it happen, and praying is for gratitude).
- 現在でも親鸞への報恩感謝の為、祥月命日には「報恩講」と呼ばれる法要が営まれている。
- The ritual called 'Ho-onko' for expressing the feeling of gratitude to Shinran takes place on the date of his death annually.
- はじめ、院号を恩光院、法名を琢性、諱を克海と名乗り、福井別院本瑞寺の住職を務めた。
- At first, he used the Ingo of Onkoin (恩光院), the homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) of Takusho (琢性) and the imina of Katsumi (克海), and was put in charge of the chief priest of the Fukui Betsuin (quasi Grand Head Temple) Honzui-ji Temple.
- 生母青綺門院の仮御所となった知恩院との間に幕府が廊下を設けて通行の便を図っている。
- The government built a corridor between the Chion in Temple, the temporary Palace of her mother, Seikimon in, and the Awata Palace.
- 幼少時の称号を隆宮といい嘉永5年（1852年）に出家し知恩院門跡となり尊秀と号す。
- His title in childhood was Takanomiya and, in 1852, he became a priest and monzeki (successor of a temple) of Chion-in Temple, taking a second name, Sonshu.
- 兄：有栖川宮韶仁親王・梶井宮承眞法親王・輪王寺宮舜仁入道親王・知恩院宮尊超入道親王
- Her older brothers were Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Tsunahito, Cloistered Imperial Prince Kajiinomiya 承眞, priestly Imperial Prince Rinojinomiya Shunnin, priestly Imperial Prince Chioninnomiya Soncho.
- 彼らはその代償たる御恩として、地頭に補任され、所領の支配権が鎌倉幕府に保証された。
- As benefits of the position, they were designated as Jito and the authority of their lands was guaranteed.
- ここで、主人が従者へ与えた利益を御恩といい、従者が主人へ与えた利益を奉公といった。
- Here, the benefits a master gave his servant was called goon, and the benefits given by his servant to the master hoko.
- しかし、久光は薩軍に荷担することはしないが、旧主の恩顧を以てしても効がないとした。
- Hisamatsu answered, however, that he would not support the Satsuma army, but even a favor of the former lord would not be effective any longer.
- 更に徳川将軍家の法事を司った寛永寺・増上寺には恩赦の口添えの権限が与えられていた。
- Furthermore the temples Kanei-ji and Zojo-ji, which administered the memorial services of the Tokugawa Shogunate Family, were authorized to recommend a pardon.
- 西郷にとって勝は、幕府の存在を前提としない新政権の構想を教示された恩人でもあった。
- Thus, to Saigo, Katsu was also his benefactor through the instruction of Saigo on the planning and establishment of a new government, this done without considering the premise for the continued existence of the bakufu.
- 18歳で義山明恩に師事して出家し、京都の建仁寺や尾張国犬山の瑞泉寺で修行している。
- At the age of 18, he became a priest studying under Meion GIZAN, and trained himself in Buddhist ascetic practices at the Kennin-ji Temple in Kyoto and the Zuisen-ji Temple at Inuyama, Owari Province.
- 中川は、恩師で京都帝大初代総長だった木下廣次にも京都法政学校設立の相談をしている。
- NAKAGAWA also consulted with Hiroji KINOSHITA, about the establishment of Kyoto Housei School, who was his teacher and the first president of Kyoto Imperial University.
- 家長が一ノ谷の戦いにおいて、武功を上げ、恩賞として備中国草壁荘地頭職を与えられた。
- Ienaga distinguished himself in the Battle of Ichinotani and was given Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) of Kusakabe no sho (manor), Bicchu Province as Onsho (reward grants).
- 清正・幸長の両名は豊臣氏恩顧の有力大名として家康から警戒されていたのは事実である。
- It was true that Ieyasu was wary of both Kiyomasa and Yukinaga as influential Daimyo under the patronage of the Toyotomi clan.
- 実盛は再び義朝・義平父子の麾下に戻るが、一方で義賢に対する旧恩も忘れていなかった。
- While Sanemori began to work for Yoshitomo and Yoshihira again, he did not forget what he owed to Yoshitaka.
- 源義朝は源氏の棟梁の嫡男という立場もあって、急激に近隣の源氏恩顧の武士を糾合した。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, as the legitimate son of the head of Kawachi-Genji, rapidly extended his power over the soldiers affiliated with Genji (the Minamoto clan)
- 頼朝は義広に与した常陸国、下野国、上野国の武士を所領を収公し、朝政らは恩賞を得た。
- Yoritomo dispossessed territory of warriors in Hitachi Province, Shimotsuke Province and Kozuke Province, who had sided with Yoshihiro, and then awarded these territories to Tomomasa and his warriors.
- これは12歳のときに仏門に導いてくれた恩人斎藤自得を記念して名付けたものであった。
- Ryoo named the temple after his benefactor, Jitoku SAITO, who had introduced the Buddhism priesthood to Ryoo when he was twelve years old.
- 「女ながらも一瞥の力を添え、恩を報じ、夫の忠義を立てさせたいと思うのではないか。」
- Wouldn't you wish to help him even if you are a helpless woman? In order to return the favor to your husband, wouldn't you promise yourself to be royal to him?'
- 小説家や詩人といった物書きは、科学の進歩の恩恵をあまりうけていないように思われる。
- Writers such as novelists and poets don't seem to benefit much from the advance of science.
- この二つは、どんなに時を経ようが、どんな恩恵を施そうが、忘れさられはしないのです。
- which neither time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget.
- また恩恵は少しづつ与えるべきで、そうすることで、その香気は長く残るでしょうから。
- benefits ought to be given little by little, so that the flavour of them may last longer.
- 命の恩人に報いるためには、どんな苦労もあえて辞さない、という決意がそこにはあった。
- who could dare all to save him to whom she owed all,
- 「十劫正覚のはじめより、我等が往生を定めたまえる弥陀の御恩を忘れぬが信心ぞといえり。
- 'Not forgetting the kindness of Mida, who decided that we could go to Heaven long time ago, when achieving enlightenment is what faith is about.
- 「今後其の恩に報いる者は、弥右衛門の子孫の没した日を、その始まりの日としてほしい。」
- 'We hope that anyone who wants to repay the benefit will regard the day of the descendant's death as a day of a new beginning.'
- 降伏した蝦夷の恩荷を山本郡・津軽郡二郡の郡領に定め、有馬浜で渡島国の蝦夷を饗応する。
- Appointed OGA of Ezo, who had surrendered, to the position of Gunryo (district magistrate) of two counties – Yamamoto and Tsugaru – and entertained the Ezo people of Oshima Province at Arima beach.
- 明治維新後還俗して、知恩院の山号・華頂山にちなんで華頂宮の宮号を賜り一家を創設した。
- After Meiji Restoration, he returned to secular life, was given Miyago (reigning name) of Kachonomiya named after Kacho-san which was the Sango (Temple's title) of Chion-in Temple, and established a family.
- 追捕官符の発布は、追捕に参加して勲功を挙げた者に対する恩賞給与を保証するものだった。
- An issuance of tsuibu kanpu assured that the persons who participated in the activities to capture criminals and realized distinguished achievements were to be rewarded.
- この結果、恩賞の仲介者であった武士自らが恩賞の授与権者の地位を獲得するようになった。
- Consequently, the samurai who were originally mediators of rewards came to acquire the position of reward-giver.
- 織田信長により家臣に対して、恩賞の一環として茶会の開催の免許や茶器の授与がなされた。
- Nobunaga ODA gave his retainers the license to hold a tea party or tea utensils as a part of the rewards.
- 代表的な訓点資料として『大慈恩寺三蔵法師伝』（興福寺本重要文化財、ほか）などがある。
- 'Daijionji Sanzo Hoshi Den' (Book of Kofuku-ji Temple, an important cultural property, etc.) is a representative reference for kunten.
- その反面、さらなる元寇の可能性を根拠として、御家人らへの恩賞給与は僅かにとどまった。
- On the other hand, the provision of onsho to gokenin remained low due to the possibility of further Mongol invasion.
- 朝廷はこれを微罪とし、翌承平7年（937年）4月に恩赦が出され、将門は東国へ帰った。
- The Imperial Court charged Masakado with a petty offendence and, in April of the following year (937), Masakado was pardoned and allowed to return to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan and particularly the Kanto region).
- 「子育て幽霊」の話は、親の恩を説くものとして多くの僧侶に説教の題材として用いられた。
- Kosodate Yurei' has been used by many monks for preaching the kindness of parents to their children.
- 大坂の陣では中立を決め込むなど、まだ豊臣氏にわずかながらも恩義を感じていたとされる。
- His neutrality during the Siege of Osaka might have been due to his feeling of indebtedness toward the TOYOTOMI Clan.
- 9月に東久世通禧長官が赴任してくると次官を辞め、箱館戦争恩賞として250石を賜った。
- When Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE was assigned to the director in October, he resigned the assistant director and was given 250 koku (45.09 cubic meters) of rice yield as Onsho (reward grants) of the Hakodate War.
- 1964年、近江八幡市慈恩寺町元11の自邸（現ヴォーリズ記念館）2階の自室にて永眠。
- He passed away in 1964 in his own room on the second floor of his house (which is now the Vories Museum) at 11 Moto, Jionji-cho in Omihachiman.
- 「讒言を聞き入れ恩賞の土地を取り上げれば、人として逆心を起こすのも当然ではないか。」
- If you listen to slander and take away land rewarded through grants, it is natural to harbor thoughts of treachery. '
- 八瀬郷はこの恩に報いるため秋元を祭神とする秋元神社を建立し徳をたたえる祭礼を行った。
- People in the Yasego felt grateful for his decision, and erected the Akimoto-jinja Shrine dedicated to Akitomo, and held a festival to praise his virtue.
- オーストラリア人は全体として政治システムが安定していることによる恩恵に満足している。
- Australians are, on the whole, pleased with the stabilizing benefits of their political system.
- 「女王さまの命を助けて頂いたご恩に報いるため、何かできることはありますでしょうか？」
- 'Is there anything we can do,' it asked, 'to repay you for saving the life of our Queen?'
- 浄土宗側―霊誉玉念･聖誉定(貞)安(西光寺)･信誉洞庫(正福寺)・知恩院助念（記録者）
- Jodoshu sect: Reiyo Gyokunen, Seiyo Teian from Saiko-ji Temple, Shinyo Doko from Shofuku-ji Temple, and Chionin Jonen (a recorder)
- ただし、これらの流行の恩恵にあずかれるのは地方の富裕な町人どまりであったと考えられる。
- However, it is thought that beneficiary of these new fashions were just the rich local townsmen in the long run.
- さらに、東大路通より東は、知恩院道と名前を変えて知恩院の三門前、神宮道まで続いている。
- And a street east of Higashioji-dori Street is called 'Chionin-michi', which extends to Jingu-michi Street in front of San-mon Gate of Chion-in Temple.
- 大坂の役で戦功のあった家康の孫・松平忠直（次男・結城秀康の子）に恩賞として与えられた。
- Tadanao MATSUDAIRA, Ieyasu's grandson (a son of Ieyasu's second son, Hideyasu YUKI), was rewarded with Hatsuhana for his distinguished military service in the Siege of Osaka.
- 俊寛にだけ恩赦が与えられないのを見兼ねた平重盛が別個に俊寛にも赦免状を書いていたのだ。
- TAIRA no Shigemori, who couldn't bear to see that Shunkan had not been granted amnesty, had written another letter of amnesty for Shunkan.
- 死の直前に雲林院を遍照に譲って天台宗の修行場して亡き父帝への謝恩の姿勢を示そうとした。
- Just before his death, he handed over Urin-in Temple to Hensho, thus showing his appreciation to his late father, as the place of the ascetic practices for the Tendai sect.
- しかし政局の混乱が続き、また恩賞の不公平により武士階級の支持を得ることはできなかった。
- But the political situation remained bogged down in chaos, and because of inequalities and unfairness in the giving of rewards, Godaigo was never able to gain control over the warrior class.
- 私鋳銭の製造は極めて重い罪に位置づけられ、恩赦などの対象からも外される事例も見られた。
- Production of shichusen was considered an extremely serious crime, as in some cases, the producers of shichusen were not included when pardons were granted.
- こうして恩賞を差配する地位につくことでその権力を強固なものとし、諸国の武士を支配した。
- They thus strengthened their power and ruled over the samurai in the provinces.
- それ自体が勇猛な証であると評価されたことから、武士の名を高めるほか恩賞の対象となった。
- Being that Ichiban-yari was considered proof of valor, it not only raised a soldier's reputation, but also made them eligible for Onsho (reward grants).
- 延元2年（1337年）時行は吉野の後醍醐と接触し、朝敵恩赦の綸旨を受けて南朝方に属す。
- In 1337, Tokiyuki contacted Emperor Godaigo in Yoshino and joined the Southern Court after receiving the imperial order to grant amnesty to court enemies.
- 恩師・安場や岡田（阿川）光裕の進めもあって17歳で須賀川医学校に気の進まないまま入学。
- His benefactors, Yasuba and Mitsuhiro OKADA (later changed to AGAWA), also recommended him to become a doctor, thus he reluctantly entered the Sukagawa Medical School when he was 17 years old.
- 京都市東山区の知恩院・御影堂の天井には、左甚五郎が置いていったという「忘れ傘」がある。
- On the ceiling of the Goei-do, Chion-in Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, there is an umbrella that was supposedly forgotten by Jingoro HIDARI
- 恩賞と領地加増の関係については、どの大名にとっても多かれ少なかれ頭の痛い問題であった。
- The issue of Onsho (reward grants) and the increase of territory had been more or less a big problem for any daimyo.
- 詳しくは華頂山知恩教院大谷寺（かちょうざん ちおんきょういん おおたにでら）と称する。
- The temple's formal name is Kachozan Chion-kyo-in Otani-dera.
- 本書の成立に社寺の祈祷に対する朝廷からの恩賞問題が関わっていた可能性が指摘されている。
- From this fact, it is pointed out the there is a possibility that the birth of the books had something to do with prizes given by Imperial Court to shrines and temples for their prayers.
- しかしながら、越前松平家（藩初代の秀康）への恩義があると言って、正式な独立を固辞した。
- However, he firmly declined to become officially independent saying that he was under an obligation of the Mtsudaira family (Hideyasu, the first lord of the domain).
- 彼からの思いがけないプレゼントが届いたよ。少々は一宿一飯の恩義でも感じてくれたのかな。
- We got an unexpected present from him. I guess he felt a little obligated after what we did for him.
- 翌日、民は早く起きて、そこに祭壇を築き、燔祭と酬恩祭をささげた。 (士師記 21:4)
- It happened on the next day that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. (Judges 21:4)
- 長く辛い労働を通じてのみようやく得られた神の恩寵をわれわれは怠慢によってたやすく失う。
- And quickly may that be lost by our negligence, which by much labour was hardly attained through grace.
- それに人間というものは、味方を抑圧して忘恩の記念碑となるほど、恥知らずではありません。
- and men are never so shameless as to become a monument of ingratitude by oppressing you.
- なぜなら、もちろんティンクはウェンディに恩着せがましくなんてされたくなかったからです。
- for Tinker Bell hated to be under an obligation to Wendy.
- アウダはサー・フランシスの恩義を覚えていたから、もっと思いやりの心をこめた別れをした。
- The parting of Aouda, who did not forget what she owed to Sir Francis, betrayed more warmth.
- 恩赦法第十条第二項による復権の上申書には、回復すべき資格の種類を明記しなければならない。
- The petition for restoration of rights prescribed in paragraph (2) of Article 10 of the Pardon Act clearly state the type of capacity to be restored.
- 大谷姓の由来は、後述する親鸞の廟堂が京都東山知恩院北門の大谷の地に定められたことによる。
- The Otani surname comes from the fact that the Byodo Mausoleum of Shinran (as mentioned below) was settled on the land of Otani of Kitamon, the north gate of Chionin in Higashiyama, Kyoto.
- 藤孝は恩賞とし丹後一国を与えられ田辺城 (丹後国)を築き、舞鶴を拠点に丹後一国を治めた。
- Fujitaka was given the province of Tango as a reward, built Tanabe-jo Castle (Tango Province), and was headquartered in Maizuru and governed the province of Tango.
- しかし、武士の間では平氏からの恩賞給与に対する不満が多かれ少なかれ存在していたとされる。
- However, many samurai were more or less discontent with reward grants given by the Taira clan.
- 理由は諸説あるが、加藤家が豊臣氏恩顧の最有力大名だったためと警戒されたとも言われている。
- The reason, though opinion is widely divided, is said to have been the fact that the Kato family was one of the most influential Daimyo who received kind favors of the Toyotomi clan and so aroused suspicion.
- この事から、公長は源家への恩を忘れず、縁者を訪ねて遠江国に下向し、鎌倉へ向かったという。
- For this reason, Kiminaga did not forget a favor of the Minamoto family, and he went to Totomi Province to visit relatives and left for Kamakura.
- この地の人々が今この水利の恩恵を受けて生活が充足しているのは首名のおかげであるとされた。
- It is believed that thanks to Obitona's contribution, the local people can enjoy the good water facilities even today.
- 内部には知恩院の造営に関わった徳川三代（徳川家康・秀忠・家光）の位牌と肖像画を安置する。
- Housed inside are the memorial tablets and portraits of the three generations of Tokugawa Shoguns (Ieyasu, Hidetada and Iemitsu) who were instrumental in the construction of Chion-in Temple.
- 大正時代まで、卒業時、学科ごとに最優秀のものには天皇から銀時計恩賜の銀時計が下賜された。
- Up to the Taisho period, honor students for each course of study were awarded an Imperial prize of a silver watch.
- 恩賞方（おんしょうがた）とは、建武政府及び室町幕府に設置された恩賞業務を取り扱った部局。
- The Onshogata was a department set up in the Kenmu Government and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which took charge of desk work relating to administering Onsho award (reward grants).
- これは燔祭、素祭、罪祭、愆祭、任職祭、酬恩祭の犠牲のおきてである。 (レビ記 7:37)
- This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meal offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecration, and of the sacrifice of peace offerings; (Leviticus 7:37)
- 燔祭と素祭を焼き、灌祭を注ぎ、酬恩祭の血を祭壇にそそぎかけた。 (列王紀2 16:13)
- He burnt his burnt offering and his meal offering, and poured his drink offering, and sprinkled the blood of his peace offerings, on the altar. (2 Kings 16:13)
- なぜなら、介入しないままでいれば、恩顧もなく敬意も払われずに、勝者への褒美とされるのだ」
- because by not interfering you will be left, without favour or consideration, the guerdon of the conqueror.'
- 但法華経計（ばか）りこそ女人成仏、悲母の恩を報ずる実の報恩経にては候へ（千日尼御前御返事）
- Only in Hoke-kyo that women can become a Buddha, for Hoon-kyo (the Sutra on the Buddha's Repayment of his Indebtedness) which we receive their kindness from mother's love (Reply to Sennichi ama Gozen)
- 本願寺三世覚如が、親鸞の三十三回忌に『報恩講私記（式）』を撰述した事が起源であるとされる。
- It is said that the service originated from Hongan-ji the third, Kakunyo's compiling 'Hoon-ko Shiki' (Buddhist sutra for Hon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran)) at the thirty-third anniversary of the death of Shinran.
- 親鸞は、「信心が浄土に生まれる正しい因であり、称名はその阿弥陀仏の恩に報いるため」とする。
- Shinran explained, 'Faith is the proper cause of the birth in the Pure Land, and one invokes Amida's name in order to repay the benevolence of Amida Buddha.'
- 勤行は、あくまで報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆のためであり、「行 (仏教)」として勤めるものではない。
- Gongyo should be done absolutely for hoon hosha and buttokusantan, not for religious training.
- 三菱葵は徳川氏の独占であるが、知恩院は徳川家康の生母の菩提寺であるため使用が許されていた。
- Although the mitsubishi-aoi was exclusively used by the Tokugawa clan, the Chionin Temple was allowed to use it because it was a family temple of the real mother of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- しかし主君の態度は「牛馬はもちろん犬も三日扶持なせばその恩を知り、尾を振ってしなだるる。」
- However Harunaga says, 'a horse or a cow understands its obligation, and even a dog snuggles up to you and wags its tail if you feed it for three days.'
- 前者は本領安堵（ほんりょうあんど）と呼ばれ、後者は新恩給与（しんおんきゅうよ）と呼ばれた。
- The former benefit was called honryoando and the latter sinonkyuyo.
- （研究者の間では、武功に見合うだけの恩賞を与えられている点から家長説が有力視されている。）
- (Among the researchers, the theory of Ienaga has gained an influential position because of Ienaga's receipt of reward grants in recognition of his military exploits.)
- その後、恩赦を受けて京都に戻り、徳川秀忠の依頼で四天王寺の聖徳太子絵伝壁画などを制作した。
- Later, he returned to Kyoto under amnesty, and created the Shotoku Taishi Eden Hekiga (wall painting of Shotoku Taishi) at Shitenno-ji Temple at the request of Hidetada TOKUGAWA.
- 秀吉の隆景に対する信任は厚く、外様であり陪臣でもある隆景に異例ともいえる恩賞を与えている。
- Takakage enjoyed the deep confidence of Hideyoshi, who granted an unprecedented Onsho (reward grants) to Takakage, who was a tozama (outsider) and baishin (indirect vassal).
- 浄土宗総本山として大伽藍を擁する知恩院にあって、喧騒から隔離された祈りの空間となっている。
- It is a place of prayer isolated from the hustle and bustle of the Chion-in Temple, which has a large monastery as Pure Land sect headquarters.
- 大報恩寺には近隣の北野天神（北野天満宮）門前にあった「北野経王堂」の遺物も保管されている。
- The remains of 'Kitano Kyoo-do Hall' that once stood in front of the gate of Kitano Tenjin Shrine (Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine), neighboring Daihoon-ji Temple, have also been preserved.
- 塔頭が九院ある（久本院、十乗院、泉妙院、法音院、恩命院、善行院、本妙院、實成院、教法院）。
- The temple has 9 sub-temples (Kuhon-in, Jujo-in, Senmyo-in, Hoon-in, Onmei-in, Zengyo-in, Honmyo-in, Jissei-in, Kyoho-in).
- ダビデは燔祭と酬恩祭をささげ終えたとき、主の名をもって民を祝福し、 (歴代志1 16:2)
- When David had made an end of offering the burnt offering and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh. (1 Chronicles 16:2)
- しかし一銭だろうが五厘だろうが、詐欺師（さぎし）の恩になっては、死ぬまで心持ちがよくない。
- But one sen or half sen, I shall not die in peace if I accept a favor from a swindler.
- なぜなら、兵士になにほどかの恩恵を施さなくてはならないにしても、それはすぐに実行できます。
- because, notwithstanding one has to give them some indulgence, that is soon done;
- 考えてもみてください、コドモ達はあんな恩知らずに急いでコドモ部屋から飛び立ったというのに。
- seeing that they left them in such a thankless hurry?
- また正法弘通の恩徳を謝するため、宗祖親鸞聖人、聖徳太子、七高僧及び歴代門首の影像を安置する。
- Moreover, in order to express gratitude for the prevalence of the true dharma (正法), the pictures of Shinran, the founder of the sect, Prince Shotoku, seven high priests and successive monshus (Hongwan-ji-ha head priests) are placed.
- 高野山大伝法院で学び、奈良で三論宗・華厳・瑜伽・唯識を学んだのち、広沢流・報恩院流を学んだ。
- Raiyu studied at Daidenpo-in Temple on Mt. Koya from where he went to learn Sanron Sect teachings, Kegon Sect teachings, yoga and the Yuishiki (consciousness-only) doctrine in Nara before studying the teachings of the Hirosawa School and the Hoonin School.
- 6歳の時山城国山崎の成恩寺の通言について童子となり、1401年東福寺に入って出家・受戒した。
- He became a doji (child acolytes of Buddhism) by a common belief at Jon-ji Temple in Yamazaki, Yamashiro Province at the age of six, and entered into priesthood and received religious precepts at Tofuku-ji Temple in 1401.
- 「名塩の地の数百戸の家ゝは、農・工・商家といえども 弥右衛門の恩恵を受けていない者はない。」
- 'There is no one who has not benefited from Yaemon irrespective of farming, industrial, or merchant families in the hundreds of houses in Najio.'
- また代々、江戸上野の寛永寺や京都東山の知恩院などに次男以下の子弟を門跡として入寺させていた。
- For generations the Arisugawa no miya used to send sons of the family, except for the eldest son, to Kan-ei-ji Temple in Ueno, Edo and to Chion-in Temple in Higashiyama, Kyoto, as imperial princes in holy orders, or so-called priest-princes.
- 戦国大名も恩賞の無い雑兵たちを戦争に駆り立てるために乱取りを認め、褒美の略奪を容認していた。
- Sengoku daimyo also acknowledged randori in order to drive out zohyo to war without prize and allowed robbery as award.
- また、既存の所領で紛争を抱えていた場合には安堵状による所領保障が恩賞となりうることもあった。
- If there had been any conflict in an existing holding, a holding confirmation could have replaced a reward.
- 北条氏政は「駿河でひとかどの働きをした」という評価を得たものの、これといった恩賞はなかった。
- Ujimasa HOJO received recognition for 'some of his performance at Suruga,' but, did not receive any special reward.
- 清朝としては清側に片務的であるのは皇帝の恩恵的配慮によるものであるからだという説明がされた。
- Regarding the reason for concluding the one-sided treaty, the Qing dynasty explained that it was the favor given by the Emperor.
- この機会に、上野恩賜公園に西郷の銅像が立てられることになり、酒井忠篤が発起人の1人となった。
- Marking this occasion, it was decided that a bronze statue of Saigo would be erected in the Ueno Onshi Koen Park with Tadaatsu SAKAI being one of the founders.
- さらに去就を注目されていた美濃の池田恒興（勝入斎）をも、尾張と三河を恩賞にして味方につけた。
- In addition, he also made Tsuneoki IKEDA (Shonyusai) of Mino province, whose attitude attracted attention, on his side by showing a reward of Owari and Mikawa provinces.
- 実朝は成朝が受領を所望していた事を聞くとかえって「早くこれを尋ね出し恩赦有るべき」と述べる。
- Sanetomo heard that he wanted to be juryo (provincial governor) and said, 'You should search him out and give him a pardon.'
- 同年8月には奉行である安達泰盛との面会を果たし、恩賞地として肥後国海東郷の地頭に任じられた。
- He was finally allowed to meet with Yasumori ADACHI, a bugyo (magistrate), in August the same year, and appointed as Jito (the lord of a manor) of Kaito-go, Higo Province.
- かつての命の恩人を討ち取ってしまったことを知った義仲は、人目もはばからず涙にむせんだという。
- It is said that Yoshinaka publicly shed tears after it became clear that he felled the man who saved his own life.
- 同時に従者としての礼を守り、忠義に尽くす者に対しては恩賞を与えるなどの配慮を欠かさないこと。
- Show courtesy as followers and reward those who are loyal and faithful to the lord.
- そのため、恩賞として父・俊綱以来の宿願である上野国十六郡の大介職と新田荘を平清盛に請求した。
- And he requested that TAIRA no Kiyomori give him, as the reward, the Osuke-shiki (governorship) of the sixteen counties of Kozuke Province and the Nitta no sho (manor), gaining both of which had been a long-cherished ambition of this family since his father, Toshitsuna.
- 当初は信西を追討した官軍という立場に立ちその恩賞の除目で、13歳の頼朝は兵衛府へ任ぜられる。
- At first, thirteen year old Yoritomo was appointed to Hyoefu (Headquarters of the Middle Palace Guards) at Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) of reward grants for the Imperial army that defeated Shinzei (FUJIWARA no Michinori).
- 平安神宮應天門から南へ大鳥居をくぐり、三条通と交差して知恩院山門、円山公園 (京都府)まで。
- It runs from Oten-mon Gate of Heian-jingu Shrine southward, running through the big gate, and crosses with Sanjo-dori Street and goes to Chion-in Temple and Maruyama Park (Kyoto Prefecture).
- この鐘は重要文化財に指定されており東大寺、知恩院のものと合わせ日本三大名鐘のひとつとされる。
- This bell has been designated an Important Cultural Property and is considered to be one of the three great bells of Japan along with those of Todai-ji Temple and Chion-in Temple.
- 大阪府：星田妙見宮（小松神社）、大阪天満宮、報恩院、鎮宅霊符神社（東大阪）、妙法寺（今里）等
- Osaka Prefecture: Hoshida myoken-gu Shrine (Komatsu Jinja), Osaka Tenmangu Shrine: Hoo-in Temple, Chintaku Reifu Jinja Shrine (Higashiosaka), Myoho-ji Temple (Imazato) and others
- 私にだって、あなたを、助けることができるのですよ。どうです。立派な恩返だったでしょう？」
- I now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion.'
- というのも、人間の本性というものは、受けた恩恵と同様、施した恩恵にも束縛されるものですから。
- For it is the nature of men to be bound by the benefits they confer as much as by those they receive.
- プロスペロウはまず善良な老ゴンザーロウに自分の身分を明かし、ゴンザーロウを命の恩人と呼んだ。
- He first discovered himself to the good old Gonzalo, calling him the preserver of his life;
- 彼女自身気が付いていなかったが、命の恩人が彼女の心にもたらした感情はとても深いものがあった。
- She did not comprehend, perhaps, the depth of the sentiment with which her protector inspired her,
- 御恩と奉公（ごおんとほうこう）とは、中世日本において、主に武士の主従関係を構成した要素・概念。
- Goon and hoko indicate factors and concepts that constituted master-servant relationships among samurai during medieval Japan.
- 御恩の具体的な内容は、主人が従者の所領支配を保障すること、又は新たな土地給与を行うことである。
- Specifically, goon indicated that a master guaranteed control of an area by his servant or that a master awarded an area newly to his servant.
- 幕府と御恩と奉公の関係にある御家人・守護・地頭らがその義務の一環として負担を行ったものがある。
- There were taxes and labor borne by Gokenin, Shugo, and Jito as a part of their obligations to the bakufu because they had a relationship of favor and service with the bakufu.
- 中には竹崎季長などのように鎌倉まで赴いて直接幕府へ訴え出て、恩賞を得るといったケースもあった。
- Some vassals, like Suenaga TAKEZAKI, even went to Kamakura to make a direct appeal to bakufu to obtain a reward.
- また、諸藩においても、藩主が授かった賞典禄の中から藩士に恩賞として分与が行われる場合もあった。
- In some domains, feudal retainers got a part of their lords' premiums as reward grants.
- また、『明智家法』には「自分は石ころ同然の身分から信長様にお引き立て頂き、過分の御恩を頂いた。
- In Akechi Kaho it says, 'I was promoted by Mr. Nobunaga from a status like a stone and given too much benefit.
- この会見直後に清正や浅野長政・幸長父子、池田輝政といった朋友の豊臣恩顧大名が相次いで死去した。
- Just after this meeting was held, close friends of Masanori, Kiyomasa, Nagamasa and Yoshinaga ASANO (father and son), and Terumasa IKEDA who were daimyo favored by Toyotomi, passed away one after another.
- その後、恩師である牧野省三監督が東亜キネマから独立すると、阪東妻三郎プロダクションを設立する。
- Later, when Tsumasaburo's mentor, director Shozo MAKINO left Toa Cinema to become independent, Tsumasaburo himself established Bando Tsumasaburo Productions.
- 浄土宗徒であった徳川家康は慶長3年（1608年）から知恩院の寺地を拡大し、諸堂の造営を行った。
- Pure Land sect follower Ieyasu TOKUGAWA expanded the temple grounds from 1608 and built numerous halls.
- 「私は、恩知らずではないからね、人間たちは、私を愛してくれているし、よく世話してくれるんだよ。
- 'I do not wish to be ungrateful, for I am loved and well cared for by men,
- こんな流儀で恩人を偶することを弁護する人々は、その恩恵にさして価値を置いているとは思えません。
- People who defend this mode of treating benefactors, cannot be supposed to set much value on the benefit;
- 私は、失敗したケースと比較するような恩知らずな課題には取り組みません。−アブラハム・リンカーン
- I will not perform the ungrateful task of comparing cases of failure- Abraham Lincoln
- 本山で営まれる法要は、御正忌報恩講と呼ばれ、祥月命日を結願（最終日）として一週間に渡り営まれる。
- The service conducted at the head temple is called Goshoki Hoon-ko and it is conducted for a week, with Shinran's death day being Kechigan (the last day).
- また声が出せない者も、「称名」はできないが、助行はおこなえ、報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆することができる。
- Also, people who cannot speak cannot conduct 'Shomyo' (Invocation of the Buddha's Name), but they can conduct jogyo, thanking Buddha and his virtue.
- 2005年3月21日の京都・東山花灯路にて、知恩院・三門を舞台にして「京宴」の初披露が行われた。
- On March 21, 2005, 'Kyoen' was first performed at Chion-in Temple's Sanmon Gate during the Kyoto Higashiyama Hanatoro lantern festival.
- 二人の争いをお梶が止めに入り、徳兵衛はお梶が以前、自身の難儀を救ってくれた恩人とわかり謝罪する。
- Okaji intervened to stop the two men from fighting, and Tokube apologized because he recognized that she had been saved from his own ordeal before.
- これにより、多くの御家人が西国に恩賞を得、東国に偏重していた幕府の支配が西国にも及ぶようになる。
- Many gokenin were awarded land in western Japan for their service putting down the rebellion, and thereby the bakufu extended their control beyond the eastern provinces, where their power had been concentrated, into the western provinces as well.
- 泰盛は文永11年（1274年）の文永の役後に御恩奉行となり、将軍惟康親王の安堵の実務を代行した。
- In 1274 Yasumori became goon bugyo (the Chief of Rewards Office) after the Bunei War, performing the practical work of ando (recognizing and guaranteeing the ownership of the samurai who pledged allegiance to the bakufu) in place of Shogun Imperial Prince Koreyasu.
- 御恩と奉公によって導き出される封建制の中にあって、幕府に仕える御家人にとっては当然の職務となる。
- In the feaudal system based on favors and services, it became a natural post for the gokenin who served the bakufu.
- また、官途書出、受領書出といって主君から家臣に恩賞として官職名を授けるといったものまで登場した。
- Some lords also started providing some official posts to their vassals as a prize by giving them a private letter called kanto no kakidashi (appointment of a government service) or juryo no kakidashi (written appointment of a government service) which allowed them to use the posts.
- 霊的な人生への道を日々前進し、神から偉大なる恩寵をいただきつつ、愛と忍耐のなかを歩んだのです。
- they walked in love and patience;and thus they waxed strong in spirit, and obtained great favour before God.
- 最澄はこのような空海からの借用の恩恵に報いるため、空海を和気真綱に紹介して神護寺の入住を斡旋した。
- Saicho, who wanted to reciprocate Kukai's favor, introduced Kukai to WAKE no Matsuna and asked Jingo-ji Temple to accept Kukai.
- また、没官領は朝廷及びその機関のみならず、没官対象者の追討に活躍した者への恩賞となる場合もあった。
- Mokkanryo was given not only to the Imperial Court and its institutions, but also to those who contributed to search and kill criminals as rewards.
- 肖像画を基に東京都台東区上野の上野恩賜公園に高村光雲作（傍らの犬は後藤貞行作）の銅像が建設された。
- The statue, which based on a portfolio made by Koun TAKAMURA (the dog next to him was sculpted by Teiko GOTO), was built in Ueno Onshi Koen park which is located in Ueno which is in the Taito Ward of the Tokyo Metropolitan area.
- 如水も隆景がいる間はちょっかいを出さないだろうが、恩や友情で御せる相手でないと考えていたといえる。
- It can be said that Takakage thought Josui would not intervene in his affairs while he was around but knew obligation and friendship weren't enough to control him.
- 寺社を独自に統制したり、恩賞の決裁を独自に行なうなど、その権力は相当なものであったと言われている。
- It is said that he was in a position of considerable authority being able to, for instance, control temples and shrines or to decide on rewarding, at his own discretion.
- 下総国出身の国分胤通が宮城郡国分荘を奥州合戦の恩賞として与えられて移住したのがはじまりだと伝える。
- It is said that the origin of the clan can be traced back to the time when Tanemichi KOKUBUN from Shimousa Province moved to Kokubun-no-sho (国分荘), Miyagi County, which was given to him as reward grants for the Battle of Oshu.
- 公卿でこの恩遇にあずかったのは、邦綱の他には平宗盛・平時忠・藤原隆季・土御門通親の4人だけだった。
- Among court nobles, treated in such a way, were only Kunitsuna and four other nobles--TAIRA no Munemori, TAIRA no Tokitada, FUJIWARA no Takasue, and Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO.
- 一国に値する程の価値があった『名器と称される茶道具』を領地、金銭に代わる恩賞として与えたりもした。
- For example, he gave 'famous tea utensils' which had the same value as a province, as Onsho (reward grants) in stead of territory or money.
- 更に訴訟機関が整備されていなかったために恩賞方に訴訟事務が殺到したことによって恩賞業務は混乱した。
- With no organs to deal with the lawsuits, the Onshogata was inundated with work related to the lawsuits, and in turn, the work of awarding Onsho became confusing.
- 「わたしは酬恩祭をささげなければならなかったが、きょう、その誓いを果しました。 (箴言 7:14)
- 'Sacrifices of peace offerings are with me. This day I have paid my vows. (Proverbs 7:14)
- 上申をした者は、仮釈放中の者に恩赦状を交付したときは、その旨を刑事施設の長に通知しなければならない。
- The person who submitted the petition shall, when he/she has delivered the certificate of pardon to a person under parole, notify the warden of the penal institution concerned to that effect.
- 恩赦法（昭和二十二年法律第二十号）第十二条に規定する審査会の申出は、法務大臣に対してするものとする。
- The recommendation by the Commission specified in Article 12 of the Pardon Act (Act No. 20 of 1947) shall be made to the Minister of Justice.
- 延文4年（1359年）には、存覚に歎徳文の再編を依頼、それ移行、報恩講で読まれることになったという。
- In 1359, he asked Zonkaku to reorganize Tandokumon (In Praise of the Virtue (of the Venerable Master Shinran)), and since then it has been said that it was decided to be read at Hoon-ko (a memorial service for Shinran).
- また浄土真宗では信心のみを重視し、信じるだけで往生は約束される、念仏は仏恩報謝の行である、と説いた。
- In addition, the Jodo-shin sect emphasized only faith and taught that if a person believed it, his Ojo would be promised and that nenbutsu was the practice of the gratitude for butsuon (the graces of Buddha).
- 京都の千本釈迦堂（大報恩寺）には本堂を建てた大工の棟梁を助けたうえ命を絶った妻のおかめの伝説がある。
- There is a folktale at Senbon Shaka-do temple (formal name is Daihoon-ji Temple) that Okame, a wife of a master carpenter who built the main hall of the temple, helped her husband but after that she killed herself to save her husband's honor.
- 1832年の尚育王の謝恩使の一行が、江戸の芝白金の島津邸で行った奏楽と舞踊、演劇の様子を描いた絵巻。
- The letters of gratitude sent by King Sho Iku in 1832 include a scroll depicting a musical performance, dance and play held at the Shimazu mansion in Shiba-Shirokane in Edo.
- 戦国時代 (日本)における落武者は、首に対する恩賞や所持品を狙う農民による落武者狩りの対象とされた。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), ochimusha were hunted by farmers who sought their belongings or reward in exchange for their head.
- 大王と王恩、四尺と一釜、十握と三寸などの前後を対応照応させて、漢文の本来の手法を巧みに利用している。
- It uses a traditional technique of Chinese effectively and makes contrasts between okimi and oon, four shaku and one pod, totsuka and three sun (a sun = 3.03 cm).
- 陸奥の国分氏の諸系図は、下総出身の胤通が奥州合戦の恩賞で陸奥の国分荘を得て国分氏の祖になったとする。
- According to genealogical tables of the Kokubun family of Mutsu Province, Tanemichi became the founder of the family after getting the Kokubun-sho estate as a reward of the Battle of Oshu.
- だが、後醍醐天皇への旧恩から辞表を提出して吉野朝廷への参加を決意するが、当然辞任は認められなかった。
- However, he submitted his resignation to honor his ties with Emperor Godaigo and decided to join the Yoshino Court, but naturally his resignation was not approved.
- 「故・右大将軍（頼朝）が朝敵を滅ぼし関東を開いて以降、官位も俸禄も、その恩は山より高く海より深い。」
- After the late Udaishogun (the great general of the right (MINAMOTO no Yoritomo) destroyed the Emperor's enemy and opened Kanto, the debt of gratitude is higher than the mountains, deeper than the sea, so are official court ranks, horoku (salary).'
- 31号系統 - 高野・知恩寺・祇園・四条河原町経由 四条烏丸行き（大半は四条烏丸から65系統となる）
- Route 31: Buses bound for Shijo Karasuma via Takano, Chion-ji Temple, Gion and Shijo Kawaramachi (Shijo Karasuma onward, most buses run as the buses of Route 65).
- 明治維新後には地租免除の特権は失われていたが、毎年地租相当額の恩賜金を支給することで旧例にならった。
- After the Meiji Restoration, they were deprived of the privilege of a land tax exemption; however, they followed precedent, such that they were granted money equivalent to the amount of land tax from the Emperor.
- ダビデは燔祭と酬恩祭をささげ終った時、万軍の主の名によって民を祝福した。 (サムエル記下 6:18)
- When David had made an end of offering the burnt offering and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of Armies. (2 Samuel 6:18)
- 「まったく、命を救ってもらったくせに、お礼の一つも言わずに出て行くとは、なんて恩知らずな奴なんだ！」
- 'You ungrateful fellow, you owe your life to me, and yet you leave me without a word of thanks.'
- しかし私たちは、人類がその恩恵に浴している人々をこの理論が扱う気前のよさを褒めるわけにはいきません。
- but we cannot commend the generosity of its dealing with the persons to whom mankind are indebted for them.
- 人類がこの道徳やその初期の教師たちに大きな恩恵をこうむっていることを、私は否定しようとは思いません。
- That mankind owe a great debt to this morality, and to its early teachers, I should be the last person to deny;
- この人は一私人の境遇からシラクサの王に成り上ったのですが、好機以外には運命の恩恵は受けませんでした。
- This man rose from a private station to be Prince of Syracuse, nor did he, either, owe anything to fortune but opportunity;
- そうすれば、人々に動揺を与えないことで、彼らを安心させ、恩恵で彼らを味方につけることができるのです。
- and thus by not unsettling men he will be able to reassure them, and win them to himself by benefits.
- 永仁2年（1294年）、親鸞の33回忌に『報恩講私記』（報恩講式・式文）を撰述する（報恩講の始まり）。
- In 1294, he wrote 'Hoon-ko Shiki' (Hoon-ko Shiki, Shikimon) on the occasion of the 32nd anniversary of Shinran's death (the origin of Hoon-ko).
- 浄土真宗における「永代経」は、故人の祥月命日や、春・秋の彼岸会に行われる先祖に対する報恩の読経である。
- Eitai-kyo' in Jodo Shinshu Sect is sutra reciting which is conducted on shotsuki-meinichi (the anniversaries of one's death after the first anniversary) and at Higan-e in spring and autumn and its purpose is to thank the ancestors.
- 法性坊は雷神にむかい｢道真よ、そなたは昨日までは天皇の恩を蒙った臣下ではないか。静まりなされ」と言う。
- Hossho-bo says to Raijin 'You, Michizane, was a vassal who received the obligation from the Emperor until yesterday, wasn't you? Be calm.'
- また、このような活動が皇太后の真意に関わらず「皇恩」「仁慈」として、その後も政治利用された側面もある。
- Furthermore, without consideration of the Empress Teimei intentions, the Japanese government justified these types of activities (putting patients in quarantine) and continued to politically utilize her name as the 'Kouon (Emperor's kindness)'and 'Jinji (Emperor's benevolence).'
- しかしながら、本格的に「御恩と奉公」が成立したのは、源頼朝が関東武士の盟主＝鎌倉殿となってからである。
- However, it was after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo became the leader of the samurai in the Kanto area, or Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura), that the relationships of 'goon and hoko' were firmly established.
- 地租改正は全ての土地に課税されるものとし、以前に認められていた恩賞や寺社領などに対する免税を否認した。
- Land-tax reform levied all the lands and denied Onsho (reward grants) or tax exemption for territories of temples and shrines, which had been approved before.
- なぜなら、中世期の主従関係は主君と郎党間の契約関係であり、「御恩と奉公」とする観念があったためである。
- This is because the relationship between lord and vassal in the medieval period was a contractual relationship having a conception of 'favour and service'.
- なお宗恩は袱紗を現在の形に定めるなど、自身茶の湯に精通し、利休のよい補佐役、理解者であったといわれる。
- Incidentally, Rikyu's second wife Soon was a good assistant and understood him very well, being familiar with the tea ceremony and changing the shape of Fukusa (napkin) into what it is today.
- そこで、正力はその恩返しとして新平の故郷である水沢町（当時）に新平から借りた金の2倍近い金を寄付した。
- Then Shoriki showed his gratitude for his kindness by donating almost twice the amount of debt to Mizusawa Town (current Mizusawa Ward, Ohshu City), Goto's hometown.
- 八代元右衛門貞時、足利義満の命を受け数度の合戦にて功を立て、革手合戦の恩賞により岐礼庄六百貫を賜った。
- Under orders from Sadatoki YATSUSHIROEMON and Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Sadamoto showed valor in many battlefields.
- その後は異母弟の藤原道長とは親しかった（妻同士が姉妹で相婿）事もあって、その権勢による恩恵に預かった。
- After that, since he was close to his half-brother, FUJIWARA no Michinaga (also brother-in-law due to their wives being sisters), he reaped the benefit of Michinaga's influence.
- 駅西方には一休さんこと一休宗純ゆかりの酬恩庵（一休寺）、南方には京田辺市役所、田辺公園等の施設がある。
- Shuon-an Temple (Ikkyu-ji Temple), which is associated with Ikkyu Sojun (the Zen Buddhist monk Ikkyu), is west of the station, while the Kyotanabe City Hall and Tanabe-koen Park are south of the station.
- 智恩寺 (宮津市)（京都府宮津市）・大聖寺 (高畠町)（山形県高畠町）とともに日本三文殊に数えられる。
- Along with Chion-ji Temple (Miyatsu City, Kyoto Prefecture) and Daisho-ji Temple (Takahata-machi, Yamagata Prefecture), it composes the Three Monju in Japan.
- 悪癖にふけって自分の家族に悲しませる人は多くの場合、その思いやりのなさや忘恩を責められて当然なのです。
- Again, in the frequent case of a man who causes grief to his family by addiction to bad habits, he deserves reproach for his unkindness or ingratitude;
- また、玄奘の弟子である慈恩大師基 (僧)の『般若波羅蜜多心経幽讃』にもその旨を示唆するような記述がある。
- Additionally, in 'Hannya Haramitashin-gyo Sutra Yusan,' written by Jion Daishi Ki, a disciple of Genjo, there is a description to indicate that theory.
- 大谷道場の御堂は、知恩院造営に先立って1600年（慶長5年）に教如の命によって祐誓が四条富小路に移した。
- Yusei moved the mi-do Hall (enshrinement hall) of Otani Dojo to Shijo Tomi-koji Street by orders of Kyonyo in 1600 prior to extending the buildings in Chion-in Temple.
- 称念寺 (京都市)（京都市上京区）は飼い猫が恩返しに寺の復興を助けたという伝説から猫寺の通称で呼ばれる。
- Shonen-ji Temple (Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) is commonly called Neko-dera, because of the legend that a cat helped to restore the temple to express its gratitude.
- 建久3年右大将として上洛するさい、白明の子をよびだして恩に報い、また毎年アユすしを鎌倉に送るよう命じた。
- When he went to Kyoto as Udaisho (as full general) in 1192, he called a child of Hakumyo to repay an old kindness and ordered him to send ayu sushi to Kamaukura every year.
- それだけに、恩師に対する｢礼」は深く、先生を敬う等儒教文化が良い意味で深く浸透しているという意見もある。
- Thus, they have a strong sense of 'politeness' towards former teachers, and some say that the Ju-kyo culture of respecting teachers, etc. is deeply rooted in good sense.
- 主人・従者の両者は、御恩と奉公という互恵関係を結ぶことで、一定の共同体（武士団）を作っていったのである。
- A master and his servants formed a certain union (samurai group) by establishing mutually beneficial relationships called goon and hoko.
- 武士にとっての恩賞とは、家門の反映や永続、地位や勢力の維持を図る上で非常に切実な問題であったからである。
- For the warriors, rewards were of utmost significance in keeping up their family honors and permanence, in maintaining their political status and power.
- 鎌倉殿と御家人の主従関係は、御恩と奉公と呼ばれる互恵関係によって保持された、この制度を御家人制度と呼ぶ。
- The master-servant relationship between the Kamakura-dono and gokenin was preserved by a reciprocal relationship called 'favor and service,' a system known as the lower-ranking vassal system.
- 民間伝承には、「わらしべ長者」や「雀の恩返し」、「こぶとりじいさん」などなじみ深い説話が収められている。
- As folklore, well-known setsuwa such as 'Warashibe Choja' (literally, rich person by the central stalk of a dried rice plant), 'Suzume no Ongaeshi '(the sparrow that returned a favor) and 'Kobutori Jiisan' (the old man who got his wen snatched off) are included.
- 代表的な作品として唐の太宗 (唐)の手になる大慈恩寺・大雁塔に刻された「聖教序」（御製御書）などがある。
- Exemplary works of gyosei include the 'Shogyojo' (writing done by the emperor's hand) by Taiso (Tang tai zong), that was engraved on the Daiganto at the Daijion-ji Temple.
- 写本は江戸時代末期まで法隆寺秘蔵物で天下の“孤本”といわれ、現在京都の知恩院に所蔵されている国宝である。
- The manuscript was called 'the only book' in the world and a treasure of Horyu-ji Temple until the late Edo period; Now it is a national treasure owned by Chion-in Temple in Kyoto.
- 「徂徠豆腐」は将軍の御用学者となった徂徠と貧窮時代の恩人の豆腐屋が赤穂浪士の討ち入りを契機に再会する話。
- Sorai Tofu' is a story that Sorai, who became Goyo-gakusha (a scholar pander to the government) of Shogun, and the tofu seller, who was Sorai's benefactor in his lean days, met again at the time of the raid of Ako Roshi.
- 『蒙古襲来絵詞』には、肥後国の御家人竹崎季長が甘縄邸で恩賞奉行であった泰盛に直訴する様子が描かれている。
- 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasion) depicts how Suenaga TAKEZAKI, retainer of Higo Province, directly appealed to Yasumori who was the Chief of the Rewards Office in his residence in Amanawa.
- その後、秀治は弟の秀尚と共に安土城に送られたが、信長の命令で6月2日に安土の浄巌院慈恩寺で磔に処された。
- Later on, Hideharu was sent to the Azuchi Castle with his brother Hidenao but on Nobunaga's order, he was executed by crucifixion in Jion-ji Temple of Jogo-in in Azuchi on July 5.
- 探幽の画風を素早く習得し、二条城、聖衆来迎寺、知恩院障壁画の制作では兄と共に参加し、その画業を補佐した。
- He quickly mastered Tanyu's style of painting and joined Tanyu with his elder brother in making the wall pictures of Nijo Castle, Shojuraigo-ji Temple, and Chion-in Temple.
- これを伝え聞いた今井は近藤・土方への恩義を強く感じ、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで奮戦して果てるまで活躍したという。
- Having heard that story from others, IMAI felt strongly indebted to KONDO and HIJIKATA, and he fought to the death in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 天正8年（1580年）8月中旬、同村の長田肥前と落人を討ち取り吉川氏へ差し出して恩賞を得ようと共謀した。
- In mid-September 1580, together with Hizen NAGATA from the same village, he schemed to capture samurai on the run and hand them over to the Kikkawa clan for a reward.
- 法然の住房は現在の知恩院勢至堂付近にあり、当時の地名を取って「吉水御坊」「大谷禅坊」などと称されていた。
- Honen's residence stood in the vicinity of where Chion-in Temple's Seishi Hall now stands and was called both 'Yoshimizu-gobo' and 'Otani-zenbo' after the name of the area at the time.
- やがて伝奏の合議体である伝奏衆が恩賞業務を行うようになったが、間もなく建武政府は崩壊を迎えることになる。
- Although the denso-shu (a consultation form of denso - the job to relay messages of court's people to the Emperor) took charge of the work of awarding Onsho shortly, it was not long before the Kenmu Government collapsed.
- また「列子」には「正旦に生を放ちて、恩あるを示す」とあることから、寺院で行なわれる放生会の基となっている。
- In addition, the passage 'Release life on lunar New Year's Day to show your gratitude' in 'Liezi' (Taoism book) is the basis of conducting Hojoe at Buddhist temples.
- 下総国横曾根（現在茨城県常総市）に報恩寺を建立し、横曾根・飯沼を中心とする横曾根門徒の中心的人物となった。
- He built Hoon-ji Temple in Yokozone of the Shimosa Province (the present Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture) and became a leading figure of the Yokozone monto (followers in Yokozone) centering around Yokozone and Iinuma.
- このため豊臣氏滅亡後、幕府から嫌疑を掛けられてしまうが、松花堂昭乗、九条家のとりなしによって恩赦を受けた。
- As a result, he was suspected by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of rebellion after the fall of the TOYOTOMI family, however, pardoned through the mediation of Shojo SHOKADO and the Kujo family.
- 王子女に京極宮公仁親王の他、知恩院宮尊峰入道親王、一乗院宮尊映入道親王、豊子女王（有馬頼僮室）などがいる。
- His Princes and Proncesses are Imperial Prince Kyogokunomiya Kinhito, priestly Imperial Prince Chioninnomiya Sonpo, priestly Imperial Prince Ichijoinnomiya Sonei, Princess Toyoko (Yoriyuki ARIMA's Empress).
- 子虫は長屋王に恩遇されていた人物の一人で、囲碁のときに話が王のことに及んだため憤激して殺したとなっている。
- It is said that Komushi was one of the persons treated very well by Prince Nagaya and when Nagatomi no miyako no azumabito spoke ill of Prince Nagaya in a game of Igo (board game of capturing territory), Komushi got angry and killed him.
- 主となった者に武芸や律令知識などの家業とする専門技能で奉仕し（奉公）、代わりに官職等の利益（御恩）を得た。
- They served a master with a special skill of family businesses, such as military arts and knowledge of the Ritsuryo codes, (service) and gained benefit, such as a government post, in exchange (favor).
- 慶長19年（1614年）10月2日 (旧暦)、豊臣家では旧恩ある大名や浪人に檄を飛ばし戦争準備に着手した。
- On October 2 (the old calendar), 1614, the Toyotomi family began to prepare for war, sending out circulars to daimyo and ronin who had been favored by the Toyotomi family.
- 「三十年来一夢中 捨レ身取レ義夢尚同 双親臥レ病故郷在 取レ義捨レ恩夢共空」（「レ」は漢詩文訓読の返り点）
- I have been following my dream for thirty years, so dedicating myself to honor is exactly what I have been dreaming of, but as my parents are ill and bedridden, it would be vain to neglect my debt of gratitude and grasp at my dream.'
- 江戸幕府において恩赦は征夷大将軍の大権に属して徳川将軍家や皇室などの慶事・凶事・法事などに際して行われた。
- In the Edo Shogunate the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') had the supreme power to grant a pardon when either the Tokugawa Shogunate Family or the Imperial Family had an auspicious event, a calamity or held a Buddhist memorial service.
- しかし、当時はまだ土佐藩・安芸藩自身による大政奉還建白書や山内容堂の徳川宗家への強い「恩顧」意識があった。
- However, at that time, the Tosa and Aki clans themselves tried to petition the Tokugawa Shogunate for the return of the Emperor's power; furthermore, Yodo YAMAUCHI still strongly felt indebted to the head of the Tokugawa family.
- 実業界では京都商工クラブ会長に就任した他、寺社関係において鞍馬寺、知恩院、泉涌寺、妙心寺の総代として活躍。
- Besides serving the business world in roles such as Chairperson of the Kyoto Commerce and Industry Club, he played an active role in religious matters as a representative of Kurama-dera Temple, Chion-in Temple, Sennyu-ji Temple, and Myoshin-ji Temple.
- しかし「重盛には旧恩があり、その息子は助命する」という頼朝の偽りの誘いを受けて降人となり、鎌倉に出頭する。
- However, Tadafusa believed Yoritomo's lie that 'he owed Shigemori an old favor and would spare his son's life,' so surrendered and turned himself in at Kamakura.
- 一方で雑訴決断所（五畿内担当）、窪所、記録所、恩賞方を兼任し、新政の役職の中枢を占める幹部として活躍した。
- Meanwhile, he concurrently served as Zasso-Ketsudansho (agency of Kenmu government to file lawsuits) (in charge of Gokinai capital region), Kubodokoro (a court of justice), Kirokujo (land record office) and Onshogata (the Reward Office which was the administrative organ of the Kenmu Restoration, responsible for granting military awards called 'onsho'), and played an important role as the top official of the Restoration.
- その多くは判任待遇としたが、一部は奏任官待遇（高等官）とし、叙位の恩典も与え、退職後の恩給制度も整備した。
- Most of them were treated as junior officials, but some were treated as high-level bureaucrats, received a court rank as a special privilege, and a pension system after retirement was also established.
- 作例としては、奈良の法隆寺金堂、京都の蟹満寺の銅像、奈良の室生寺金堂、京都の大報恩寺の木像などが著名である。
- For example, the bronze statues at Horyu-ji Temple Kondo in Nara and at Kaniman-ji Temple in Kyoto are famous, as are the wooden figures of Muroo-ji Temple Kondo in Nara and Daihoon-ji Temple in Kyoto.
- 毎月第2日曜 日蓮大聖人御報恩御講（大石寺大坊では13日のみ、一部の寺院では命日にあたる13日にも行われる）
- The second Sunday of each month: Nichiren Daihonin Gohon Oko (Buddhist ceremony held only on 13th at Daibo in Taiseki-ji Temple, and held on every second Sunday and 13th of each month at some temples, the anniversary of Nichiren's death)
- その後、建久3年右大将として上洛する際に、白明の子を呼び出して恩に報い、また毎年鮎鮨を鎌倉に送るよう命じた。
- When he went to Kyoto in 1192 as Udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), he called a child of Hakumyo, expressed his gratitude and ordered to send ayzushi to Kamakura every year.
- 以降、御恩と奉公の関係性は、鎌倉幕府の成立基盤として機能し続け、その後の室町幕府や江戸幕府にも引き継がれた。
- After that, the relationships of 'goon and hoko' continued functioning as a base for establishing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and were inherited by the later Muromachi bakufu and Edo bakufu as well.
- 後漢時代にはすでに恩給と変わらないものとなっており、それも形骸化して、爵位だけを授ける封爵制として存続した。
- In the Later Han period, it virtually became a pension system, turning into a formality, and continued as a system to grant peerage.
- この際、清の冊封の象徴であった「迎恩門」や「恥辱碑」といわれる大清皇帝功徳碑を倒し「独立門」を記念に建てた。
- At this time 'Yeongeunmun' and the Samjeondo Monument that is dubbed as 'disgrace gate' were destroyed and 'Independence Gate' was errected to celebrate its independence.
- しかしこの戦いで日本側が物質的に得たものは無く、見返りとしての恩賞は御家人たちの満足のいくものではなかった。
- However, Japan gained nothing materially out of this war, and the rewards granted to vassals did not satisfy them.
- しかしながら、徳川家康に取り立てられる際に仲介の労をとった譜代大名榊原氏の恩に報いるために姓を榊原に改めた。
- However, on being picked by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the clan changed its name to Sakakibara to show its gratitude to the efforts of the Sakakibara clan, a fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) acting as an intermediary.
- その後伊藤博文の恩顧を受けて伊藤宅に居し、また広島市、下関市に随伴し、「碁打小僧」として知られるようになる。
- Subsequently favored by Hirobumi ITO, he lived in Ito's house, and while accompanying him to Hiroshima City and Shimonoseki City, he came to be known as a 'Go Kid.'
- アロンは民にむかって手をあげて、彼らを祝福し、罪祭、燔祭、酬恩祭をささげ終って降りた。 (レビ記 9:22)
- Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people, and blessed them; and he came down from offering the sin offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings. (Leviticus 9:22)
- 割前を出せばそれだけの事で済むところを、心のうちで難有（ありがた）いと恩に着るのは銭金で買える返礼じゃない。
- Instead of chipping in my share, and settling each account, to receive munificence with grateful mind is an acknowledgment which no amount of money can purchase.
- 政令で行われる恩赦による場合であって、当該恩赦に係る政令の規定の公布の日が釈放すべき日となる場合 その日のうち
- Cases of pardon by a Cabinet Order, where the day of release corresponds to the day of proclamation of the Cabinet Order: The day of release;
- 旧地には知恩院塔頭崇泰院が建立されたが、知恩院作事奉行の一人、勝誉道清によって祖墳遺跡が残されることになった。
- On the former land, the Sotai-in Temple, a tatchu (small housing) of the Chion-in Temple was built and the monument of founder's grave was left by Michikiyo SHOYO, one of the construction officers of the Chion-in Temple.
- In the site where it was located previously, Sotaiin, a minor temple for Chion-in Temple, was erected; however, the remains of the original grave were preserved by Dosei SHOYO, one of the bugyo (magistrates) for Sakuji (construction) of Chion-in Temple.
- 農夫が杖で殺そうとすると雷神は命乞いをし、助けれくれれば恩返しとして、雷神のように力強い子供を授けると言った。
- When the farmer tried to kill it with his cane, Raijin begged for its life and said that if the farmer saved it, it would return a favor by ensuring that the farmer begets a child as strong as Raijin.
- 特に千葉常胤にとっては、源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではないことは相馬御厨での経緯を見れば明らかである。
- It is obvious from the history of Soma-mikuriya that especially for Tsunetane CHIBA, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not someone he felt 'obligated to.'
- 赦律（しゃりつ）とは、日本の幕末期の文久2年（1862年）に江戸幕府によって制定された恩赦に関する法令をいう。
- Sharitsu is a law on pardon, which was enacted by the Edo Shogunate in 1862 during the last period of the Edo era in Japan.
- 頼朝は三浦義澄の願いにより政子の安産祈願として、平氏方の豪族で鎌倉方に捕らえられていた伊東祐親の恩赦を命じた。
- At the request of Yoshizumi MIURA, Yoritomo granted the release of Sukechika ITO of the Taira clan, who had been captured in Kamakura.
- 明治8年から1年かけて、麹町三年町に木造洋館を建てた（建築費用は恩賜金と盟友税所篤からの借金で賄ったとされる。
- He took one year starting in 1875 to build a wooden Western-style residence in Sannen-cho, Koji-machi Town (it is said that expenses for architecture were covered by Imperial money and a debt from Atsushi SAISHO, his intimate friend)
- 頼朝は池禅尼の恩を忘れず、伊豆国で挙兵した後も彼女の息子である頼盛を優遇し、平氏滅亡後も頼盛の一族は存続する。
- Yoritomo did not forget how much Ike no Zenni had done for him and gave special treatment to her son Yorimori even after Yoritomo had raised an army in Izu Province, and consequently, the family of Yorimori survived even after the fall of the Taira clan.
- 865年（貞観7年）恩赦によって京に戻る予定だったが、直前になって勅命により出雲国へ左遷された（詳細は不詳）。
- He planned to return to Kyoto in 865 after being pardoned but was faced with a demotion transfer to Izumo Province just immediately before it (details are uncertain).
- 鳥居禅尼は源平の乱後、乱中の数々の功績によって、甥に当たる将軍源頼朝から恩賞を受け、鎌倉幕府の御家人になった。
- After the Battles between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was the Kamakura shogun and Torii zenni's nephew, rewarded Torii zenni for her contribution during the battles, and she became an immediate vassal of the Kamakura shogunate.
- また、恩賞方も実際には御前沙汰のための事務機関となり、御前沙汰衆の予備軍とも言える奉行人達が詰める様になった。
- The Onshogata was also changed into an office for the Gozensata in reality and occupied by the bugyonin, the reserve members of Gozensatashu.
- 寛大な施策も、やむなく出したものと考えられて、役に立たず、そのために、恩義を感じる者はだれもいないのですから。
- and mild ones will not help you, for they will be considered as forced from you, and no one will be under any obligation to you for them.
- 元禄年間（1688年～1704年）には100ヶ寺を超える末寺を有したが、派内での争いにより知恩院の管理となった。
- Though the school had more than 100 branch temples in the Genroku years (1688 - 1704), Isshin-in came under the control of Chion-in as a result of conflicts within the school.
- 祖父である親鸞の祥月忌（報恩講が営まれ始めたのは永仁2年〈1294年〉頃より）には上洛し、覚如に宗義を伝授した。
- While Hoon-ko (a memorial service for his grandfather Shinran) began around 1294, Nyoshin made a trip to Kyoto in each anniversary month of Shinran's death, and initiated Kakunyo into the doctrine of the Jodo Shinshu school (the Pure True Land Buddhism.)
- 念阿弥 慈恩（ねんなみ じおん、? - 没年不詳）は日本の南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけての剣客、禅僧。
- Jion NENNAMI (dates of birth and death unknown) was a swordsman and Zen monk in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Muromachi period.
- 『江次第抄』によれば、初め再拝するのは詔命を欽ぶ意で、後に舞踏するのは恩恵にあずかるのをよろこぶ意であるという。
- According to 'Goshidaisho' (a commentary book written by Kanera ICHIJO on 'Koke Shidai,' which is a classic rule book about ceremonial and public functions), bowing twice in the beginning indicates respect for the Imperial edict, and the following dance expresses joy for receiving a favor.
- 一世家元 六字庵理貫（ろくじあんりかん）青柳貫孝（かんこう：京都知恩院僧正）上人（1894年 - 1983年）。
- The first head of the school was a Buddhist priest, Rokujian Rikan Kanko AOYAGI whose title was Chionin Temple sojo which means high-ranking priest of Chionin Temple (1894-1983).
- 鎌倉幕府の成立によって御恩と奉公からなる封建制が成立したとする説で、戦前以来、ほとんどの概説書で採用されていた。
- One view is that the Go-on (obligation) and Hoko (duty) -based Hoken system was completed with the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and this view has been adopted in most introductory books since prewar periods.
- おもな例として、江戸時代初期に肥後国（現在の熊本県）の浄土真宗の僧侶月感が記した『分略四恩論』などがあげられる。
- A major example is 'Bunryaku Shion Ron' written by Gekkan, a monk of the True Pure Land sect of Buddhism in Higo Province (the present Kumamoto Prefecture) in the early Edo period.
- なお、藤原実頼の反対で平将門の乱鎮圧の恩賞が得られず、忠文の没後実頼の子孫にたたったという言い伝えが残っている。
- According to a story, Tadabumi, who had not been rewarded for subduing the TAIRA no Masakado's War due to opposition from FUJIWARA no Saneyori, cursed Saneyori's descendants after he died.
- 厚恩院の許で養育された忠親は元禄11年（1698年）～12年（1699年）にかけて学問を習うため、京都へ上った。
- After being nurtured by Koonin, he went to Kyoto to study from 1698 to 1699.
- 壬申の功臣の死に際しての恩典を記す箇所は、『日本書紀』と『続日本紀』に数多いが、老に対するものがもっとも詳しい。
- In the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and the 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan Copntinued), there are many references to the special privileges granted posthmously to the meritorious retainers in relation to the Jinshin War, and the most detailed of all is the one to the Okina's case.
- 室町時代後期の弘治 (日本)元年（1555年）、井尻但馬守長助による開基、開山は知恩院から招いた徳誉光然である。
- Dainen-ji Temple was founded in 1555 during the latter part of the Muromachi period by the kaiki (founding patron) Ijiri Tajimanokami Chosuke and kaizan (founding priest) Tokuyo Konen who was invited from Chion-in Temple.
- この神の後裔氏族は見当たらないが、新撰姓氏録にタカミムスビの子の伊久魂命の後裔として恩智神社の神主が載っている。
- Although any clan has not been identified as the god's descendant, a Shinto priest of Onji jinja Shrine is listed in Shinsen Shojiroku (genealogical table of ancient clans) as a descendant of Ikumusubi no mikoto, a child of Takamimusubi.
- 承久の乱の戦後処理として、後鳥羽上皇方に加担した公家・武士などの所領が没収され、御家人に恩賞として再分配された。
- As the postwar settlement after the Jokyu War, the territories of the court nobles and samurai who supported the retired Emperor Gotoba were forfeited and redistributed to the gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) as rewards.
- そのため、個々の公家領が相伝か恩領かを巡って本家（皇室・摂関家）と領家（中下級公家）の間で対立する場合もあった。
- Therefore, a conflict occasionally arose between the honke (the imperial and sekkan-ke families) and the ryoke (the kuge of a middle and lower class) as to whether an individual kuge-ryo territory was a soden or an onryo.
- あなたがたの酬恩祭の犠牲のうちから、その右のももを挙祭として、祭司に与えなければならない。 (レビ記 7:32)
- The right thigh you shall give to the priest for a heave offering out of the sacrifices of your peace offerings. (Leviticus 7:32)
- また酬恩祭の犠牲をささげて、その所で食べ、あなたの神、主の前で喜び楽しまなければならない。 (申命記 27:7)
- and you shall sacrifice peace offerings, and shall eat there; and you shall rejoice before Yahweh your God. (Deuteronomy 27:7)
- いったい、働く人に対する報酬は、恩恵としてではなく、当然の支払いとして認められる。 (ローマ人への手紙 4:4)
- Now to him who works, the reward is not counted as grace, but as something owed. (Romans 4:4)
- その太陽はといえば、沈むにつれ、かつては彼女が息を紡いでいた、かすれゆく街の上に恩恵を施しているようにも思えた。
- which as it sank lower, seemed to spread itself in benediction over the vanishing city where she had drawn her breath.
- 知恩院の貫主に懇願されて、1774年（安永3年）伊勢国宇治山田（現在・三重県伊勢市）の寂照寺を再興するために入山。
- At the sincere request of the chief priest of Chionin Temple, he entered the mountains in order to reconstruct Josho-ji Temple in Uji Yamada, Ise Province (present-day, Ise City, Mie Prefecture) in 1774.
- 奈良の報恩法師の弟子となり、778年（宝亀9年）京都東山にある多くの峰のうちの一つ乙輪山（音羽山）に移ったという。
- It is said that he became a disciple of Hoon-hoshi of Nara, and in 778 he moved to Mt. Otowa, one of many peaks at Higashiyama, Kyoto.
- 応仁の乱（1467年-1477年）で荒廃した知恩院を再興し、後柏原天皇から浄土宗総本寺と公称することを勅許された。
- He reconstructed Chion-in Temple which had been devastated during the Onin War, and was permitted by the Emperor Gokashiwabara to call it the Grand Head Temple of the Jodo Sect.
- 本沢竹雲は、天保7年2月10日（1836年3月26日）、長谷堂（山形市）の西養寺住職安達秀恩の末子として生まれた。
- Chikuun MOTOSAWA was born the youngest son of Shuon ADACHI, the chief priest of Saiyo-ji Temple in Hasedo (the present Yamagata City) in March 26, 1836.
- 父の久政や家臣たちが「大恩ある朝倉を見捨てるべからず」と主張し、信長との同盟を破棄して朝倉氏を助けるように迫った。
- His father, Hisamasa, and his retainers insisted that 'the family should not cut off the Asakura clan which had been a great benefactor to the family,' urging Nagamasa to annul the alliance with Nobunaga and help the Asakura clan.
- 元寇で恩賞地配分の対象とされたため細分化され、南北朝時代 (日本)には名前だけを残して荘園としての実態は失われた。
- Kanzaki Manor was divided up to provide land plots which were granted as rewards during the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, and by the Northern and Southern Courts period had lost all status as a manor - existing in name only.
- 秀頼の上洛を求める家康に対し反対もあったが、加藤清正や浅野幸長ら豊臣家恩顧の大名らの取り成しもあり会見は実現する。
- Although some objected to Ieyasu's demand, the meeting was realized through mediation of daimyo that had been favored by the Toyotomi Family including Kiyomasa KATO, Yoshinaga ASANO and others.
- 更に前後して戊辰戦争の恩賞である賞典禄について定めることで倒幕に賛同した藩主や藩士を宥めて不満を逸らしたのである。
- Moreover, around this time, dissatisfaction by the lords of the domains and feudal retainers of the domains, who agreed to overthrow the Shogunate with the setting of Shotenroku (premium), reward grants of the Boshin War, were conciliated.
- 阿部の意向としては恩赦の公正かつ明確な基準を定めてその濫発を戒め、全ての受刑者にその道を開くことを目的としていた。
- Abe aimed at establishing an impartial and precise standard in order to admonish the arbitrary granting and pave the way for an equivalent opportunity for all convicts to be granted a pardon.
- そのため、清盛と義朝の地位にはもともと大きな開きがあり、恩賞の差に不満を抱いたという説明はあまり妥当とはいえない。
- Therefore, the reasons for which he complained about the differences in rewarding the merits of Yoshitomo and Kiyomori were not appropriate, because there had long been large differences between them.
- そのため、次第に豊臣氏は孤立を深めていった（あまりにも豊臣恩顧の大名の死が相次いだため、家康による毒殺説もある）。
- Therefore, the Toyotomi clan became isolated gradually (because so many daimyo under an obligation to the Toyotomi family died one after another, there is a theory as well that Ieyasu poisoned them).
- しかし、忠致・景致父子は平家からの恩賞を目当てに義朝を浴場で騙し討ちにし、その首を六波羅の平清盛の元に差し出した。
- However, Tadamune and his son, Kagemune, trapped Yoshitomo and killed him in a bathroom for a reward from Heike (the Taira family), and offered the head of Yoshitomo to TAIRA no Kiyomori in Rokuhara.
- 秀吉から「捨てても一万石は取るべき」と賞賛されるが、一氏からの恩賞（倍の6,000石）に不満を持ち、再び浪人する。
- Although he was praised by Hideyoshi, who said that he was worthy of at least 10,000 koku (a measurement of crop yield, putatively in rice, equal to about 1.8 million liters), he was dissatisfied with the reward (6,000 koku, or double his salary) offered him by Kazuuji, so he left and became a ronin (unemployed warrior) once again.
- 上総の国衙を掌握した忠清は、広常に対して恩を忘れた強圧的な態度に転じ、陳弁のため上洛した広常の子・能常を拘禁する。
- After taking control of kokuga (provincial government office compounds) in Kazusa Province, Tadakiyo forgot Hirotsun's favor and took a high-handed attitude and detained Yoshitsune, son of Hirotsune, who was visiting Kyoto for pleading.
- しかしながら、忠綱の郎党が恩賞は一門で等しく配分すべきであると清盛に抗議したため、わずか数時間で撤回されたという。
- However, he changed his mind several hours later after Tadatsuna's retainers appealed to Kiyomori that the reward should be divided equally among them.
- 忠文は大納言藤原実頼の反対により恩賞の対象から外されたので、忠文は実頼を深く恨み、死後も実頼の子孫に祟ったという。
- Since Tadabumi was removed from the list of rewards granted due to opposition from Dainagon (chief councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Saneyori, he held a deep grudge against Saneyori and haunted Saneyori's descendants after Tadabumi's death.
- 創建の事情についてもっとも流布している説は『元亨釈書』の吉野山報恩伝、『本朝高僧伝』の報恩伝などに見える説である。
- The prevailing view about circumstances behind its foundation was written in some materials such as Yoshinosan Hoon den (the record of Hoon Daishi of the Yoshino-san Temple) of 'Genko Shakusho' (History of Buddhism of the Genko era) and Hoon den of 'Honcho Kosoden' (biography of high ranking monks).
- 仮にその改宗者たちが本当に恩寵に心を動かされたとしても、同じ教説を信じない者にとっては何とも感じることはないのだ。
- Had they been really touched by grace, a like operation could not have the same influence on minds less concerned with the preoccupations which beset these recent adherents to religion.
- １７．それに対し、戦車戦では、十台かそれ以上の戦車を捕獲した場合、最初に捕らえた者にはかならず恩賞を与えましょう。
- 17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first.
- その旨は、求道・弘教の恩徳と、それを通じて信知せしめられた阿弥陀如来の恩徳とに報謝し、その教えを聞信する法会である。
- This memorial service is held to give thanks for the blessing of Gudo and Gukyo (seeking and promoting the teachings), and the blessing of Amida Nyorai acquired through them, and to recognize the teachings.
- 日付をずらす理由は、すべての僧侶･門徒は御正忌報恩講期間中に上山する（本山に参拝する）のが、慣わしとされる為である。
- The reason why they change the dates for the service is that it is a custom for every priest and believer to visit the head temple during Goshoki Hoon-ko.
- 木像・絵像・名号に関わらず、無色無形の阿弥陀仏のはたらき（真如）の方便として本尊を安置し、報恩報謝のために礼拝する。
- No matter whether it is a wooden statue, a picture or myogo, as a hoben (expediency) for the power of Amida Nyorai, which has no color or shape, Honzon is enshrined and being prayed in appreciation of Amida Nyorai's virtue.
- 毎年、12月9日・12月10日の両日は、鳴滝本町の、通称・大根焚寺として知られる了徳寺の大根焚き（報恩講）で賑わう。
- The Ryotoku-ji Temple with the alias of Daikondaki-dera Temple (Burning Radish Temple) carries out rite of Daikondaki (burning Japanese radish) for Hon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran) on both December 9 and 10 every year.
- これらの没収領は畿内・西国を中心に3000箇所にのぼり、御家人たちは恩賞として没収領の地頭に任命された（新補地頭）。
- The number of these confiscated lands was up to 3000, centering on the Kinai and Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)) regions, and the gokenins were appointed to the jitos of the confiscated lands as onsho (reward grants) (Shinpo-Jito, new estate steward for territories confiscated from the imperial court).
- 開港開市の規定などについては、英仏などの欧米列強は既に最恵国待遇を得ていたので、日本も同じ恩恵に預かることが出来た。
- Regarding opening ports and cities, Japan was able to receive the benefits from most-favored-nation treatment, which the western powers including England and France had already acquired.
- のちに中央でも有力な一部の家系が上位の内位を独占して蔭位の恩恵を受けることで世襲してその恩恵を維持することとなった。
- Later, some powerful families in the government occupied the higher Naii ranks and retained their privilege by succeeding Oni (the automatic promotion system in which the people at the age of 21 whose parents were from Imperial to the fifth rank or grandparents upper than third rank, were conferred an Imperial title).
- 池田光仲の側室・上野氏（後に厚恩院）の甥に当り、その縁で元禄7年（1694年）、鳥取に招かれ、厚恩院の養子となった。
- He was adopted by his aunt, Koonin (also known as Ueno) who was a concubine of Mitsunaka IKEDA in 1694, and he moved to Tottori.
- 後白河の復権の恩恵を受けて、同年6月蔵人頭、8月参議、12月には5人の上臈を超えて、29歳にして正三位に叙せられた。
- He benefited from Goshirakawa's return to power, being appointed kurodonoto (chief of the palace officers) in July and sangi (royal advisor) in September, and by December, he overtook his five superiors, and was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).
- これは生前に十分報いる事の出来なかった桓武天皇から百川への恩返しであると同時に、緒嗣の才能に期待をかけた人事である。
- This was repaying the favor by Emperor Kanmu who could not fully repay the favor to Ostugu's father, Momokawa and concurrently the placement which the Emperor Kanmu executed expecting the future of Otsugu's ability.
- また雄やぎ一頭を罪祭としてささげ、一歳の小羊二頭を酬恩祭の犠牲としてささげなければならない。 (レビ記 23:19)
- You shall offer one male goat for a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings. (Leviticus 23:19)
- 恩赦法第十四条の規定により判決の原本に付記をなすべき検察官は、有罪の言渡しをした裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官とする。
- The public prosecutor who is to insert added entries in the original of the judgment pursuant to the provisions of Article 14 of the Pardon Act shall be a public prosecutor of the public prosecutors office corresponding to the court which rendered the judgment of conviction.
- 皇帝が尋ねると、科挙に失敗したため自殺したが、玄宗皇帝に手厚く葬られたため恩義に報いてはせ参じた鍾馗という人物だった。
- When the emperor asked the general about his identity, the general replied that he was a person named Shoki who failed the imperial civil service examination and committed suicide, but revived to reciprocate the favor of the emperor who kindly buried the dead reverently.
- 不遇を囲った源為義の子で東国に下っていた源義朝は、保元の乱において、河内源氏恩顧の関東の武士を糾合して天皇方に立った。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lived in the east and was the son of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, who lived in unfortunate circumstances, gathered samurai from the Kanto region who received Kawachi-Genji's special favors, and supported the Emperor in the Hogen Disturbance.
- しかし細川方の副使宋素卿（そうそけい）は明の入港管理所である市舶司大監の頼恩に賄賂を贈り、細川方を先に入港検査させた。
- But the Hosokawa side's vice-envoy Sokei SO offered a bribe to Laien who was Shihakushi-daikan (inspector of the Office of Merchant Ships) at the port authority of Ming China, and Laien allowed the Hosokawa ship to go through port inspection before the Ouchi ship.
- なお、父の縁座によって処分を受けた子や15歳未満で刑が執行されていない幼年者への恩赦は年限に限らずに恩赦が認められた。
- Pardons were granted for children who were punished because of their father's guilt (enza) and for juveniles under fifteen years old where the punishment was not enforced yet, regardless of their term.
- それは旧恩だけでなく後白河や八条院と太いパイプを持つ頼盛の参入に、心強さを感じていたことも理由の一つとして考えられる。
- It was not only because of his former kindness, but also because Yoritomo felt reassured by the participation of Yorimori, who had close ties to Goshirakawa and Hachijoin.
- 江戸城、知恩院、駿府城の天守、江戸の町割り、増上寺、名古屋城、内裏、日光東照宮など、徳川氏関係の重要な建築を担当した。
- He managed the construction of many important architectural structures related to the Tokugawa clan, including Edo-jo Castle, Chion-in Temple, Tenshu (castle tower) of Sunpu-jo Castle, the scale of town planning in Edo, Zojo-ji Temple, Nagoya-jo Castle, Dairi (Imperial Palace), Nikko Toshogu Shrine, and so on.
- また清正の死から2年後の慶長18年（1613年）、豊臣氏恩顧の最有力大名であった浅野幸長も同じく花柳病で死去している。
- In 1613, two years after the death of Kiyomasa, Yoshinaga ASANO, one of the most influential Daimyo under the patronage of the Toyotomi clan, also died of venereal disease.
- 事実上、後継者がいなかった正蔵は、同郷の先輩であり自分の事業の恩人でもあった松方正義の三男・松方幸次郎を後継者に選ぶ。
- Since Shozo did not have any children to take over his business, he chose Kojiro MATSUKATA, the third son of Masayoshi MATSUKATA, as his successor due to Masayoshi coming from the same village as himself and being the benefactor in the early days of the business.
- 池野はその傍らソテツの研究でソテツの精子を発見し明治45年（1912年）に日本学士院恩賜賞 (日本学士院)を受賞した。
- Meanwhile, Ikeno found the spermatozoid of cycads, and he was awarded the Onshi Prize of The Japan Academy in 1912.
- さらに家でもてなしたときに使った薪の種類に合わせ、加賀国梅田庄、越中国桜井庄、上野国松井田庄の領土を恩賞として与えた。
- In addition, he was awarded the lands in Umeda (Plum tree) manor in Kaga Province, the Sakurai (Cherry tree) manor in Ecchu Province, and the Matsui (Pine tree) manor in Kozuke Province, according to the types of trees used as fire woods on the night when Tokiyori stayed at his house.
- 大林はかなり後年になってこれを人から聞き（つまり岡本が恩人風をふかすようなことは一切しなかった）、大いに感謝している。
- After many years later, when Obayashi came to be informed of it from a third person, he expressed great gratitude for Okamoto's favor (that means, Okamoto never showed him a patronizing attitude).
- 元和 (日本)9年（1623年）8月4日、徳川秀忠の上洛に先立って早くに入京したが、まもなく発病して京都知恩寺で死去。
- On August 29, 1623, he went to Kyoto prior to Hidetada TOKUGAWA; before long, he developed a disease and died at Kyoto Chion-ji Temple.
- 知恩院は、浄土宗の宗祖・法然房源空（法然）が東山吉水（よしみず）、現在の知恩院勢至堂付近に営んだ草庵をその起源とする。
- The origins of Chion-in Temple lie in a thatched hut built by Pure Land sect founder Honenbo Genku (Honen) in the Yoshimizu area of Higashiyama in vicinity of where the temple's Seishi Hall now stands.
- 文暦元年（1234年）、法然の弟子にあたる勢観坊源智が再興し、四条天皇から「華頂山知恩教院大谷寺」の寺号を下賜された。
- In 1234, it was restored by Honen's disciple Seikambo Genchi and bestowed the name 'Kachozan Chion-kyo-in Otani-dera Temple' by Emperor Shijo.
- 明治の初めに神仏分離により大阪・住吉神社内の慈恩寺と岐阜・高山城主だった金森長近が大徳寺内に建立した金竜院を合併した。
- Due to the separation of Buddhism and Shinto during the early Meiji period, the temple merged with Jion-ji Temple in the grounds of Sumiyoshi-jinja Shrine in Osaka and Konryu-in Temple constructed in the precinct of Daitoku-ji Temple by Nagachika KANAMORI, lord of Takayama-jo Castle in Gifu.
- なぜなら、人間というものは、自分に害をなすものと思っていた人から恩恵を施されると、その恩人に強く結びつくものなのです。
- Because men, when they receive good from him of whom they were expecting evil, are bound more closely to their benefactor;
- 1951年からは受賞者が増えたこともあって、その中で特に選ばれたものに『恩賜賞 (日本芸術院)』が贈られるようになった。
- Since 1951, due in part to the increased number of winners, the Academy added the new award 'Onshi Sho' (Emperor's Prize) (Japan Art Academy) to present to the most outstanding among the winners.
- 宸翰と断定できるのは、光定が撰した伝述一心戒文の中に「厳筆徴僧が戒牒を書し給ひ、恩勅之を賜ふ」と記されていることによる。
- The grounds for proof is Emperor Saga's shinkan, there is a description that '厳筆徴僧)が戒牒を書し給ひ,恩勅之を賜ふ' in the Denjutsu isshin kaimon which was composed by Kojo (Saicho's biography.)
- 応永6年（1399年）12月伏見殿に移るが、応永8年（1401年）伏見殿が火事で焼け落ち、嵯峨 (京都市)洪恩院に移る。
- He then moved to Fushimi-dono Palace in December 1399, however it was burnt down (1401) and the Prince moved to Koonin in Saga (Kyoto City).
- 鎌倉幕府の基本的な主従制構造は、武家の棟梁である鎌倉殿（≒征夷大将軍）と御家人との御恩と奉公の関係により成り立っていた。
- The fundamental lord and vassal structure of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was formed through obligation performed by Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was a toryo (head of samurai clan) corresponding to seii taishogun to gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate during the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), and service performed by gokenin to Kamakura-dono.
- 両乱の鎮圧に挙げた国司や軍事・富豪（田堵負名）層の功績は非常に高かったが、彼らに対する恩賞は十分なものとは言えなかった。
- In suppressing these insurgencies, kokushi, military, the rich and powerful class (Tato fumyo [powerful cultivator who managed farm operations and collected tax] class) provided outstanding service which, however, was not sufficiently rewarded.
- 他の蘇我氏一族である蘇我赤兄、蘇我果安らが弘文天皇側に付いたのとは対照的な行動であり、天武天皇の「命の恩人」とも言える。
- Given that other members of the Soga clan such as SOGA no Akae and SOGA no Hatayasu backed Emperor Kobun, Yasumaro's position was contrasting and it is not too exaggerated to say that he 'saved the life of Emperor Tenmu.'
- 『続日本紀』によると、長屋王に恩遇を受けていた子虫により、囲碁のときに長屋王のことに及んで憤慨して殺されたとなっている。
- According to 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), when he was playing Igo (board game of capturing territory), their conversation turned to about Prince Nagaya, and this made OTOMO no Komushi who was given benefits by Prince Nagaya angry, and he was killed by Komushi.
- 同時にこの時期には恩師元田竹渓の推薦などもあって地元の藩校や宇佐の皇學館に於いて神典の講義や国学教授の依頼を受けている。
- During this period, partly thanks to the recommendation by his teacher Chikukei MOTODA, he received requests to give lectures on Shinto scripture and teach Japanese classical literature at local hanko (a domain school) and Kogakkan University in Usa.
- 湖沼は内陸の水域です。湖沼に隣接して植民地を建設すれば天然資源の恩恵を受けられます。しかし船で進入することはできません。
- Lakes are inland bodies of water. Colonies built adjacently profit from the lakes natural resources, but may be inaccessible via ship.
- 酬恩祭の犠牲を主にささげるときは、あなたがたが受け入れられるように、それをささげなければならない。 (レビ記 19:5)
- ''When you offer a sacrifice of peace offerings to Yahweh, you shall offer it so that you may be accepted. (Leviticus 19:5)
- もう一つは君主と封建領主によって統治されるもので、封建領主は君主の恩寵ではなく血統の古さでその地位を保持しているのです。
- or by a prince and barons, who hold that dignity by antiquity of blood and not by the grace of the prince.
- 表計算ソフトが別々の会社からたくさん出てるけど、みんなそれがそれまでどうやってきたのか見てみるという恩恵なしにやってる。
- How many spreadsheet systems were made all by different companies, all without any benefit of understanding how it was done before?
- イーター協定第七条１２にいう客員研究者は、イーター機構において研究を行う時は、上記 2.a) の規定による恩恵を受ける。
- Visiting researchers within the meaning of paragraph 12 of Article 7 of the ITER Agreement shall benefit from the provisions of paragraph 2.a) above when carrying out research at the ITER Organization.
- 輪王寺、妙法院、聖護院、照高院、青蓮院、三千院、曼珠院、毘沙門堂、円満院、仁和寺、大覚寺、勧修寺、知恩院の13寺院のこと。
- The thirteen temples of Rinno-ji, Myoho-in, Shogo-in, Shoko-in, Shoren-in, Sanzen-in, Manju-in, Bishamon-do, Enman-in, Ninna-ji, Daikaku-ji, Kaju-ji and Chion-in
- 報恩講とは、浄土真宗の開祖である親鸞(1173～1262) の命日の前後に、宗祖に対する報恩謝徳の為に営まれる法要のこと。
- Hoon-ko refers to a memorial service which was held around the anniversary of the death of Shinran (1173 - 1262), the founder of Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) for the purpose of Hon shatoku (repayment for indebtedness) to the founder.
- 1823年（文政6年）の2度目の火災は11月15日であったため、この年の7昼夜の御正忌報恩講は大谷祖廟において勤められた。
- Since the second fire was happened on December 16, Goshoki Hon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran held in the head temple of Jodo Shinshu sect) of this year was performed at the Otani Sobyo Mausoleum for seven days and nights.
- 鎌倉幕府が成立すると、鎌倉殿が御家人を地頭へ任命するという形で本領安堵・新恩給与、すなわち御恩がほどこされるようになった。
- When the Kamakura bakufu was established, the benefit of honryoando or sinonkyuyo, or that of goon, was given by Kamakura-dono to gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) in the form that Kamakura-dono appointed them to jito (the managers and lords of manors).
- そして最後に「軍忠認定の証判を賜り、後日（の恩賞の）証拠としたい」といった旨の文言（文言は各文書で微妙に異なる）を記した。
- At the end the words 'I would like my superior military valor to be recognized as evidence for future (rewards)' were written, although the wording differs slightly from document to document.
- 大名の中で唯一、老中などの幕閣を占める前途を保証された譜代大名に対しては、所領の加増はもとより、役職の昇進も恩賞となった。
- Among daimyo, only fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), who were promised to become members of the cabinet of advisors such as roju (senior councillor), were given both additional territories and promotions as rewards.
- しかし千葉常胤にとっては、頼朝の父・源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではないことは相馬御厨での経緯を見れば明らかである。
- However, for Tsunetane CHIBA, Yoritomo's father MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo was not a man to whom he felt indebted, which is clear to see if one looks at what happened at Soma-mikuriya, the private estate of Soma ranch.
- 先に触れたような『平治物語』の記述を史料に、保元の乱での平清盛との恩賞の格差に義朝が不満を抱いたという源氏対平家の因縁説。
- As mentioned above in descriptive historical data like that of 'Tale of Heiji,' one theory is that his complaining about the differences in how the accomplishments of Yoshitomo and Kiyomori were rewarded was a cause of the fateful confrontation between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.
- 嫡男・長政は家康の養女を正室として迎えていたことから秀吉の死去前後から家康に与し、豊臣恩顧の大名を多く家康方に引き込んだ。
- Since the wife of Josui's heir Nagamasa was an adoptive daughter of Ieyasu, Nagamasa became an ally of Ieyasu around the time of Hideyoshi's death and recruited many daimyo from Toyotomi's side to Ieyasu's side.
- そこで恩師の木下廣次に相談したところ、文部省ではどうかと勧められ、1893年7月27日、一転して文部省に入ることとなった。
- Then he talked to his mentor Hiroji KINOSHITA, and upon being recommended to the Ministry of Education, on July 27, 1893, he entered the Ministry of education.
- 時行勢を駆逐して鎌倉を奪還した尊氏は独自に恩賞の分配を行うなどの行動をはじめ、道誉も上総国や相模国の領地を与えられている。
- After vanquishing Tokiyuki's force and recapturing Kamakura, Takauji distributed rewards independently, and Doyo received Kazusa Province and Sagami Province as feudal domains.
- 弘安7年（1284年）4月、元寇後の恩賞請求や訴訟が殺到し、再度の蒙古襲来の可能性など諸問題が山積する中で時宗が死去する。
- In April 1284, Tokimune died in a situation plagued by various issues such as a pile of applications for reward grants and lawsuits after the Mongol invasion as well as the possible return of the Mongolians.
- 家長は武功をあげた恩賞として備中国草壁荘の地頭職を与えられている（この事がきっかけとなって、本庄氏が生じたと考えられる）。
- Ienaga got the position of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) in Kusakabe no sho (manor), Bicchu Province as a reward for his military exploits and this is thought to have led to forming the Honjo clan.
- 晩年は大学時代の恩師会津八一の伝記映画の準備をしていたが、1996年10月4日、心筋梗塞のため東京都世田谷区の自宅で死去。
- In his later years he worked on a film biography of Yaichi AIZU, his teacher in college, but on October 4, 1996, he died of cardiac infarction at home in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo.
- その際に、実務能力を買われたらしく、雑訴決断所、記録所、恩賞方など、新政の主要な機関の職員を歴任し、勘解由使にまで進んだ。
- At that time, it seems that his clerical ability was evaluated and he successively worked as an official in in major positions of the Restoration including Zasso-Ketsudansho (agency of Kenmu government filing lawsuits), Kirokujo (Land Record Office), and Onshokata (office - desk work for Onsho awards) and was finally promoted to Kageyushi (Board of Discharge Examiners).
- 6月5日平頼盛（命の恩人池禅尼の子）、鎌倉に戻った範頼、源広綱、平賀義信、一条能保（同母姉妹の夫）らの官位を朝廷から得る。
- The Imperial Court gave the official court rank to TAIRA no Yorimori (son of Ike no zenni, the person who saved Yoritomo's life), Noriyori who returned to Kamakura, MINAMOTO no Hirotsuna, Yoshinobu HIRAGA and Yoshiyasu ICHIJO (husband of sisters) on July 20 (June 5 under the old lunar calendar).
- また種を入れたパンの菓子をその感謝のための酬恩祭の犠牲に合わせ、供え物としてささげなければならない。 (レビ記 7:13)
- With cakes of leavened bread he shall offer his offering with the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving. (Leviticus 7:13)
- アロンの子たちのうち、酬恩祭の血と脂肪とをささげる者は、その右のももを自分の分として、獲るであろう。 (レビ記 7:33)
- He among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion. (Leviticus 7:33)
- 最初の原則は、自分の国の法律や習慣を守り、神の恩寵によってわたしが子供時代以来教わってきた信仰をしっかりと遵守することだ。
- The first was to obey the laws and customs of my country, adhering firmly to the faith in which, by the grace of God, I had been educated from my childhood
- でも一方では、わたしが無価値だと思えるような恩恵をほかのだれからであれ受けられると思うほどの邪悪な魂も持ってはいないのだ。
- I do not, on the other hand, own a soul so mean as to be capable of accepting from any one a favor of which it could be supposed that I was unworthy.
- 親鸞会においては現世において「他力信心」を獲ることが重要であり、念仏は救われた御恩に報いるお礼として称えるものであると説く。
- Shinrankai preaches that it is important to obtain 'Tariki Shinjin' in this world, and that Buddhist invocation is something to be chanted to repay the favor of salvation.
- 詞書によれば、ある絵師がかたじけなくも朝恩によって伊予守にすすんだので、一家は喜び祝宴をもよおしたが、それも一朝の夢だった。
- According to Kotobagaki (captions), an Eshi painter promoted to Iyo no Kami (Governor of Iyo Province) thanks to the imperial blessing or favor; the painter's whole family was joyful and held a celebrating feast, but it was a dream that lasted only for a minute.
- その後、奥州総大将は軍事指揮権だけでなく、検断、沙汰の権限、管国内の知行安堵、恩賞などの推挙権を持つ奥州管領に格上げされる。
- Afterward, the Supreme Commander of Oshu was raised in status of the Oshu Kanrei which held not only the right of military command but also the authorities for Kendan (Policing and adjudication authority) and Sata (Order), securement of fief in the ruling provinces and the recommendation for rewards, and so on.
- 近代以前の国家においては、権利は人民には有せず国家など権力を保有する者に対する功労の恩典として授けられる性質のものであった。
- In a state before the modern era, rights did not belong to the people, but they were types of favors given to those in power such as a state for their distinguished services.
- 戦後、尊氏は対立関係にあった新田義貞の所領を勝手に没収し、建武政権では恩賞方が行う恩賞として分配するなど自立の意思を示した。
- After the battle, Takauji showed his will of independence by confiscating the territory of Yoshisada NITTA who was against him without permission and distributing it as onsho (reward grants) which was granted by Onshokata (office to do desk works of Onsho award) in the Kenmu government.
- 凶党追捕が完了したときは、凶党の所領・財産は没収され、追捕にあたった武士たちへ恩賞として給与されたのだろうと考えられている。
- It is considered that, after gangsters were captured, their territories and assets were confiscated and were supplied as a reward to the samurai who participated in the capturing actions.
- 寿永・治承の内乱から奥州合戦に至るまでの恩賞給与に当たっては、関東武士らの満足が得られるものとなるよう最深の注意を傾注した。
- He paid careful attention to ensure that Kanto samurai warriors were content with the rewards they received during the period between the Jisho-Juei Civil War and the Battle of Oshu.
- こうした争いを回避するために各種法令が出された他、寺社などに寄進して紛争防止と宗教的恩恵の両方を得ようとすることも行われた。
- In order to evade such conflicts, various decrees were issued, beside that people donated the ship to a shrine or temple intending to avoid conflicts among them and obtain religious benefits at the same time.
- 補任は任命者による恩恵であると考えられており、補任された者は任命者に対して成功 (任官)や礼銭を贈ることが礼儀とされていた。
- Bunin was considered as a benefit brought by an appointer, and therefore, the person who was appointed was expected to give the appointer jogo (ninkan) (recruiting officials for court works and spending the money they paid for the post for the work expenses) or rewards as a manner.
- 『日本書紀』では朝敵として悪者扱いを受けているが、飛騨国のみならず、美濃国でも英雄、恩人と考えられ、信仰の対象となっている。
- While 'Nihonshoki' described Ryomen-sukuna as a villain and an enemy of the emperor, people in Hida and Mino Provinces treated Ryomen-sukuna as a hero and benefactor and worshipped him.
- 御館の乱の混乱が続く天正9年（1581年）、乱の恩賞問題により対立状態にあった北越後の新発田重家が織田信長と通じて造反した。
- In 1581, amid the disorder caused by the Otate Disturbance, the issue of rewards for the feats in the Disturbance caused Shigeie SHIBATA, who resided in northern Echigo and was confronted with the Uesugi family, to come to be in touch with Nobunaga ODA and rebel against the Uesugi family.
- 宝永4年（1707年）3月、厚恩院の申し出により、300石が与えられ、正徳 (日本)2年（1712年）8月、上野姓に改めた。
- In April 1707, he was offered 300 koku from Koonin, and in September 1712, he changed his family name to Ueno.
- 彼らの家は、頼朝の先祖である畿内の河内源氏の源頼信、源頼義や源義家から恩を受けており、頼朝の父・源義朝に従っていた者も多い。
- Their family owed a debt of gratitude to Yoritomo's ancestors, Kawachi-Genji of Kinai such as MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and many had served Yoritomo's father, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo.
- 京都大学の異称として小説などで用いられる「百万遍」という呼称は、キャンパスに隣接する知恩寺（大本山百萬遍知恩寺）に由来する。
- Hyakumanben, used as the nickname of Kyoto University in novels and others, originates from Chion-ji Temple (formally, Daihonzan Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple), neighboring the campus.
- 御前沙汰とは本来、恩賞方に設置されて評定衆・引付衆（内談衆）による会議の中でも将軍の私的会議としての性格の強いものであった。
- Gozensata, primarily set up at the Onshokata, had the characteristics of being the Shogun's private meetings when compared to conferences consisting of Hyojoshu (members of the Council of State) and Hikitsukeshu (also called Naidanshu) (a line-up of officials who practiced trial and litigation for the bakufu).
- そこで人々はあくる朝早く起きて燔祭をささげ、酬恩祭を供えた。民は座して食い飲みし、立って戯れた。 (出エジプト記 32:6)
- They rose up early on the next day, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play. (Exodus 32:6)
- そこでサウルは言った、「燔祭と酬恩祭をわたしの所に持ってきなさい」。こうして彼は燔祭をささげた。 (サムエル記上 13:9)
- Saul said, 'Bring here the burnt offering to me, and the peace offerings.' He offered the burnt offering. (1 Samuel 13:9)
- というのは、恩義というつながりによった愛は、人間のあさましさのせいで、自分の利益になる機会があればいつでも破られるのですが、
- for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage;
- 知恩院の一部に存在しているため、同院を訪れる観光客がしばしば観光スポットと勘違いして一心院の境内に入り込んでしまうことがある。
- Because this temple is part of the premises of Chion-in, sightseers to Chion-in often mistakenly step into the precincts of Isshin-in Temple, thinking it's a sightseeing spot.
- ドイツやイギリスで指導に当たった金澤弘和（松涛館流）やポルトガルで指導に当たった東恩納盛男（剛柔流）などの活躍が知られている。
- It is reported that many instructors were instrumental, such as Hirokazu KANAZAWA (Shotokan-ryu), who taught karate in Germany and England, and Morio HIGAONNA (Goju-ryu), who taught karate in Portugal.
- 団七は恩人である泉州浜田家家臣玉島兵太夫の息子磯之丞の危難を救うため、悪人大鳥佐賀右衛門の中間を誤って死なせてしまい入牢する。
- Danshichi mistakenly had a chugen (a person in low rank) belonging to a villain named Sagaemon OTORI, die to save Isonojo, the son of Hyodayu TAMASHIMA who was a vassal of the Hamada family in Senshu and his benefactor, from danger and went to prison.
- 「御恩」には所領支配を保障する本領安堵（ほんりょうあんど）と新たな土地給与である新恩給与（しんおんきゅうよ）の2種類があった。
- Favors consisted of both honryo-ando (acknowledgment of inherited estates) and shinon-kyuyo (the granting new domains).
- 彼らは家康に恩を感じ、本多正信は家康の晩年までブレーンとして活躍し、夏目吉信は三方ヶ原の戦いで家康の身代わりになって戦死した。
- Therefore, they had a feeling of obligation to Ieyasu: For example, Masanobu HONDA was one of Ieyasu's brains until Ieyasu's later years, and Yoshinobu NATSUME was killed in place of Ieyasu in the Battle of Mikatagahara.
- 父の鬼室福信が韓国の扶余郡恩山面にある恩山別神堂に祀られていることから、日野町と恩山面との姉妹都市交流がさかんに行われている。
- Since his father, Fukushin Kishitsu, is enshrined in Unzanbesshin-do Hall, in Unzanmen, Fuyo District, South Korea, the sister-city exchanges are active between Hino-cho and Unzanmen.
- 神道の神々は人と同じような姿や人格を有する「人格神」であり、現世の人間に恩恵を与える「守護神」であるが、祟る性格も持っている。
- While Shinto's multitude of kami are 'humanized divinities' who have the same form and attributes as humans, they are also 'guardian gods' that bestow blessings on the living; however, such kami are also capable of tormenting or harassing the living.
- 幕府組織の再建を主導した後の2代征夷大将軍足利義詮は恩賞方を拠点として再建を図り、後にここで御前沙汰と呼ばれる会議を主宰した。
- Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, who took the initiative in reconstructing the bakufu and later became the second Seii taishogun, designed the reconstruction work with setting a strategic base in the Onshogata, and later presided over a council called Gozensata at the Onshogata.
- 1601年（慶長6年）京都知恩院の住持となり、1603年（慶長8年）江戸に新知恩寺（のちの関東十八檀林の一つ幡随院）を開創した。
- He became the chief priest of Chionin Temple in Kyoto in 1601 and founded Shinchion-ji Temple in Edo in 1603, which later became Banzui-in Temple, one of the Kanto juhachi danrin (eighteen temples for studying the Jodo Sect determined by the Edo government).
- 西本願寺第十二世の准如時代の1603年（慶長8年）に江戸幕府は知恩院の造営に際して、大谷本願寺跡地の代替地として現在地を与えた。
- Upon the extension of the buildings in the Chion-in Temple in 1603 during the period of the twelfth chief priest Junnyo in West Hongan-ji Temple, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) provided the site where Otani Mausoleum is located now as an alternative to the site where Otani Hongan-ji Temple had been built.
- これは『盂蘭盆経』（西晋、竺法護訳）『報恩奉盆経』（東晋、失訳）などに説かれる目連尊者の餓鬼道に堕ちた亡母への供養の伝説による。
- This is based on a legendary episode included in 'Urabon-kyo' (translated by Hogo JIKU and Zhu Fahua who lived in the Western Jin era) and 'Honhobon-kyo' (translated by Shitsu in the Eastern Jin era), or on the legend where Mokuren Sonja held a memorial service for his dead mother who had to live in Gakido (the Buddhist hell of starvation).
- また、純粋な恩賞とはいい難いが、鎌倉殿や執権が御家人に対して偏諱を与えるようになり、特に鎌倉殿の偏諱はきわめて重い栄誉とされた。
- Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) and regents began to give the names (in which one character was identical to that of the givers) to gokenin, which cannot be considered pure rewards, although the names given by the shoguns were regarded as the highest honors.
- また、武士社会では恩給地の永代売が禁止されていたが、武士の経済状況の救済を目的として年期売を例外的に認めていた分国法も存在する。
- And although with the advent of warrior society warriors were forbidden from permanently selling the lands from which they drew their stipends, some daimyo allowed the existence of laws within their own domains that permitted warriors to sell their land via nenki-uri under exceptional circumstances, in an attempt to provide financial relief for warriors in dire economic straits.
- この時、家康の本隊や豊臣恩顧大名などの先発隊は東海道を進んだが、徳川秀忠率いる3万8000人の軍勢は中山道を進んで西に向かった。
- At this time, the main force of Ieyasu and the advance party of daimyo who were assisted by Toyotomi proceeded on Tokai-do Road, but 38,000 troops led by Hidetada TOKUGAWA went west on the Nakasen-do Road.
- このため、戦後も彼らを如何にして新政府につなぎとめるかが課題となり、参戦諸藩や個々の部隊・個人の功労者に対する恩賞が検討された。
- When it became an issue how to anchor them to the new government even after the battles, rewards for the domains, troop and individuals who respectively contributed to the battles were considered.
- 尊氏は傘下の武将たちへの恩賞を惜しむことがなく、そのことが苦境に立たされても常に武将たちの支持が得られた理由だとする見解もある。
- Takauji was willing to allot lands to his military commanders, which is considered one of the reasons why he was always supported by them when he was in difficult situations.
- これらに加え、家康の命日と家光の生誕日が17日と一致していることなどが、父秀忠よりも祖父家康の恩を意識していたと考えられている。
- In addition, due to the fact that Iemitsu's birthday was on the 17th, the same day as the anniversary of Ieyasu's death, it is thought that Iemitsu was even more conscious of a debt of gratitude for Ieyasu than either of his parents.
- 享保7年（1722年）2月、厚恩院が没すると厚恩院に支給されていた300石を合わせて、600石が与えられ、上野氏の家督を継いだ。
- On the death of Koonin in March 1722, he was given a total of 600 koku, including the 300 koku given by Koonin earlier, and become the head of the Ueno family.
- 承久の乱では軍奉行を務めたと見られ、その後、嘉禄元年（1225年）に設置された評定衆の一員となり、恩賞奉行や地奉行となっている。
- He is believed to have served as a military commissioner in the Jokyu war, then became a member of the Council of State which was established in 1225 and became a commissioner of the grant of honors/distribution of rewards and Jibugyo (a city magistrate of Kyoto).
- 次代の白河天皇も恩師である実政を厚遇し、承保4年（1077年）に蔵人頭、承暦4年（1080年）には参議・従三位と順調に昇進する。
- The next Emperor Shirakawa also treated his former teacher Sanemasa very well, and Sanemasa was smoothly advanced as Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) in 1077, and as Sangi (councilor) Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1080.
- この戦では頼俊はさしたる恩賞を受けなかったが、その軍事力のほとんどを頼んでいた清原貞衡（真衡）は鎮守府将軍従五位下に叙せられた。
- In this battle, Yoritoshi did not receive any significant Onsho (reward grants), but KIYOHARA no Sadahira, whose military force he relied upon, was assigned to Chinjufu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 征夷大将軍が主宰する御前沙汰にも御前奉行人（御前衆・御前沙汰衆・恩賞方衆）と呼ばれる右筆中の有力者が参加を許されるようになった。
- Influential figures among the Yuhitsu were called Gozenbugyonin (also Gozenshu, Gozensatashu and Onshokatashu) and were allowed to participate in Gozensata (Shogunal hearings) that were presided over by the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').
- またあなたが特別の誓願の供え物、あるいは酬恩祭を、主にささげる時、若い雄牛を、燔祭または犠牲とするならば、 (民数記 15:8)
- When you prepare a bull for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or for peace offerings to Yahweh; (Numbers 15:8)
- 多くの生産的作業が労働時間外に、自分自身の場所でなされ得るとしても、同僚との社会的な相互関係から得る恩恵は大きいものがあります。
- While much productive work can be done on your own time, in your own place, there's a lot of benefit to social interaction with coworkers.
- 墓地の最上段の地には、江戸時代を通じ、宮門跡である歴代知恩院門主の墓が設けられたため、現在でもその墓域は宮内庁管理地となっている。
- Because the tombs of the head priests of Chion-in who were miya-monzeki (in this case, heads who are imperial princes) were constructed at the highest tier of the graveyard through the Edo period, the graveyard area continues to be administered by the Imperial Household Agency.
- 結果、倒幕を行ったのは、関ヶ原の戦いによって徳川家におとしめられた郷士達ではなく、徳川家によって余りある恩を受けた上士達であった。
- As a result, the people who in fact conducted Tobaku were not Goshi who had been humbled by the Tokugawa family after the Battle of Sekigahara but were instead Joshi who had received overwhelmingly preferential treatment by the Tokugawa family.
- 日本における恩賞の給与は、古代以降、蝦夷征伐や謀叛の鎮圧に功労のあった武官に対して、朝廷が官位の任官または昇叙を行ったことによる。
- The practice of reward grants in Japan goes back to ancient times when the Imperial Court appointed those who rendered distinguished service in conquering Ezo or fighting rebellions as government officials or promoted them.
- これよりも結びつきが低い（恩給は与えず、有事の時に指揮・被指揮の関係に入る）「指南・被指南」制度を採った伊達氏や結城氏の例もある。
- The weaker relationship of 'instructor-pupil' (Onkyu was not provided for and the leader-follower relationship was formed in times of emergency), for example, was adopted by the Date clan and the Yuki clan.
- 恩赦についての規定は律令法以来、様々な法令に規定されてきたが、具体的な範囲や手続などを定めたの法令としては日本最初のものであった。
- Ever since the Ritsuryo law, various laws regulated pardons, but Sharitsu was the first law in Japan that specified limits and procedures of pardons.
- なお、当時の時代背景を反映して「外国人への犯罪及び外国人と組んで行った犯罪」が恩赦の対象外とされているのは特異な点であると言える。
- A unique point of this law which reflected the historical background was that a pardon did not extend to 'crimes on foreigners or crimes committed together with foreigners.'
- その意味では、『万葉集』という歌集の編纂事業は、恩赦により家持の罪が許された延暦25年（806年）にようやく完成したといってよい。
- In that sense, the editing of the 'Manyoshu' collection of poems was finally completed in 806 when Yakamochi was pardoned by a decree of amnesty.
- 後三年の役は清原氏の私闘とされ、何の恩賞もなく清衡にも官位の賞与も無かったが、一族最後の残存者として奥六郡を領する勢力者となった。
- Go Sannen no Eki was considered as a private battle between the members of the Kiyohara clan, and no reward nor court rank was awarded to Kiyohira, but he became a powerful man possessing six counties in Mutsu Province as the last survivor of the family.
- 『続日本紀』には17日に播磨国の人々に恩典を与え、19日に難波宮に着いたとあるので、利用は10日から17日までの7日間と思われる。
- According to the 'Shoku Nihongi' the Emperor gave the people of Harima provinces special marks of favor on the nineteenth day, and on the twenty first arrived at the Nanba palace, which suggests the temporary palace Shigamaro and others had erected was in use from the eleventh to the nineteenth, or in other words for seven days.
- 知恩院の境内は、三門や塔頭寺院のある下段、本堂（御影堂）など中心伽藍のある中段、勢至堂、法然廟などのある上段の3つに分かれている。
- The grounds of Chion-in Temple are divided into a lower section that includes the Sammon gate and sub-temples, a middle section where the central monastery such as the main hall (Miei-do) is located, and an upper section in which structures such as the Seishi Hall and Honen's tomb are situated.
- 人々は神の箱をかき入れて、ダビデがそのために張った幕屋のうちに置き、そして燔祭と酬恩祭を神の前にささげた。 (歴代志1 16:1)
- They brought in the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before God. (1 Chronicles 16:1)
- 別院･各末寺においては、「お取越」もしくは「お引上」と呼ばれ、御正忌報恩講とは日付を前後にずらして1～3日間、ないし5日間営まれる。
- The service is called 'Otorikoshi' or 'Ohikiage' in branch temples and it is conducted before or after Goshoki Hoon-ko for one to three days or for five days.
- 1629年（寛永6年）には京都知恩院32世となり、知恩院が火災で焼失すると、家康の孫で3代将軍徳川家光の庇護の下、知恩院を再興した。
- In 1629, he became the 32nd head priest of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto, and when Chion-in Temple was burnt down by fire, he rebuilt it under the aegis of the grandson of Ieyasu, the 3rd Shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.
- (東京では、幹部が子飼いの落語家を「真打にしてやる」ことで恩を売り、一生頭が上がらないようにするということもかつてはあったらしい。)
- (In Tokyo, it is said that an executive used to patronize a rakugoka, take care of him by 'making him shinuchi,' and kept him under his control for the rest of his life.)
- 琉球王国では、中国(明や清)から冊封使が来たとき、あるいは徳川将軍に謝恩使や慶賀使を送る「江戸上り」のとき、中国系の音楽を演奏した。
- Music with roots in China was performed in the Ryukyu kingdom when diplomatic missions arrived from China (Ming & Qing) or whenever missions of gratitude and congratulations (Edo nobori) were sent to Shogun Tokugawa.
- 尊氏は鎌倉において、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に勝手に恩賞を分配したり、建武政権の上洛命令を無視したりするなど、建武政権から離反する。
- In Kamakura, Takauji gave onsho (reward grants), at his discretion, to those who followed him in the battle of suppressing the war, ignored the Kenmu Government's order to return to Kyoto and became alienated from the Kenmu government.
- これら知恩院・輪王寺は江戸幕府と強い繋がりを持ち、後の幕府による寺請制度等により幕府は宗教を完全に公儀の下に置くことに成功している。
- Chion-in Temple and Rinno-ji Temple had a strong connection with the Edo bakufu, and with the Terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in one of designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) established, the bakufu succeeded in placing religion completely under it.
- 富子との間には子女はいないが、長州藩の支藩である長府藩潜伏中、現地女性の恩地トミを妾とし、仲子（南加、嵯峨公勝夫人）をもうけている。
- There was no daughter between him and Tomiko, but while he was hiding in Chofu which was the branch domain of the Choshu clan, he met his concubine, Tomi ONCHI, the local female, and had a daughter Nakako (Nanka, Kinto SAGA consort of the emperor).
- 40代の清助は、明治10年（1873年）東京上野恩賜公園で開催された第一回内国勧業博覧会に作品を出展し、自分の技術を世に問うている。
- Seisuke, in his forties, exhibited his works at the National Industrial Exhibition in Ueno Onshi Park, Tokyo in 1873 and appealed to the public for his skill.
- その際に鉄砲で撃たれ重傷を負い知恩院で療養していたが、同年山崎の戦いで、光秀が豊臣秀吉に敗れ討ち死にした事を知ると、自害して果てた。
- He stayed at Chionin Temple to recuperate from the above incident because he had been seriously wounded by gunfire, but eventually he committed suicide in the same year when he came to know that Mitsuhide was defeated and killed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI during the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 恩賞の例としては、紀伊国佐野庄および湯橋（1190年）、但馬国多々良岐庄（1194年）などの地頭への任命が挙げられる（『吾妻鏡』）。
- The rewards were, for example, her appointment to Jito (the estate steward) of Sano no sho and Yubashi, both in Ki Province, in 1190, and then to Jito of Tataraki no sho in Tajima Province in 1194 (cf. 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East)).
- 明応8年（1499年）10月、知恩院の保誉は霊夢で「香久山や麓の寺はせまけれど 高きみのりを説きて弘めむ」との歌を法然から授かった。
- In October 1499, 保誉, the priest of Chion-in Temple had a spiritual dream in which he received a poem from Honen saying 'Although the temple at the foot of Mt. Kagu is narrow, extend it by preaching highly-principled sermons.'
- 後に仏典の講読を中心とする仏事（講会）を指すようになり、さらに各種の仏教儀式一般に講という名称をつけるようにもなった（報恩講など）。
- It later came to mean 'ko-kai,' a Buddhist event focused on the reading of Buddhist scriptures, and the use of the term spread to a wide variety of Buddhist rituals (such as Hoon-ko (a memorial service for Shinran)).
- イスラエルの人々のうちの若者たちをつかわして、主に燔祭をささげさせ、また酬恩祭として雄牛をささげさせた。 (出エジプト記 24:5)
- He sent young men of the children of Israel, who offered burnt offerings and sacrificed peace offerings of cattle to Yahweh. (Exodus 24:5)
- スペイン人はその親族関係と恩義から、ルーアンはフランス王国と彼との関係で、彼の影響下にあることから、彼を恐れることはなかったのです。
- the latter from their relationship and obligations, the former from his influence, the kingdom of France having relations with him.
- 文永9年（1272年） 親鸞の末娘覚信尼が住む地、現在の東山区林下町（知恩院山門北の崇泰院あたり）に大谷廟堂を造営、親鸞の影像を安置。
- In 1272, the Otani Mausoleum was built in what is now the Rinka-cho, Higashiyama Ward (around Sotaiin, the north of Chion-in Temple's gate), the living place of Kakushinni, Shinran's youngest daughter, and Shinran's portrait was placed there.
- しかし新政は武家への恩賞施策と武家領地を減らし国衙領の復活を目指す後醍醐天皇の独裁と公家優先の政策で、武家の支持を得られずに混乱した。
- However, the restoration was dictatorial and the Court noble-oriented policies of Emperor Godaigo who tried to reduce reward measures and territory of samurai families in order to restore Kokugaryo, were not supported by the samurai families and only served to confuse them.
- それは律令制崩壊以後の日本においては「御恩と奉公」という主従関係に基づいた、繋がりを重視する部隊編成を行わざるをえなかったためである。
- This is because after the destruction of the Ritsuryo system in Japan, troops had to be organized in a way that stressed relation based on lord-and-vassal bonds such as 'favor and service.'
- 豊臣家恩顧の者たちが豊臣方に寝返るのを恐れたといわれるが、関ヶ原の戦いで東軍勝利のために尽力した黒田長政に関してこれは当てはまらない。
- It is said that the bakufu was afraid that people who have been favored by the Toyotomi family would betray the bakufu, however, it would not apply to Nagamasa KURODA, who contributed to the victory of the Eastern Army at the Battle of Sekigahara.
- しかし、清は中国を「地大物博」（土地が広く物産が豊かなこと）と述べ、恩恵を与える朝貢貿易ならまだしも対等貿易は不要であると突き返した。
- The Qing dynasty, however, preferred trade in the choko style (other nations' bringing tribute to China) and refused the trading as equal partners, saying 'China has a big land and a lot of products.'
- 地割や惣作の際に生じた余剰地や地主が小作人に恩恵として無償もしくは軽負担で預けた土地、村が所有した林野（村持林野）などを預地と呼んだ。
- Originally, 'azukarichi' referred to shared land or land remaining after allocation had been made, to land that the land owner entrusted as a favor to its kosakunin (tenant farmers) free of charge (or for a small fee) or to forest area land owned by villages.
- 恩讐のけじめをはっきりさせているやや単純な筋ながらも、継子いじめの筋を軸に、当時の貴族社会を写実的に描写した物語として評価されている。
- Although its storyline is rather simple, drawing clear line between love and hate, it has been appreciated as a tale that represents realistically the society of nobles at that time, centering on ill-treatment of a stepchild.
- 恩賞奉行として四代将軍藤原頼経の側近でもあった為か、寛元4年（1246年）6月7日、宮騒動によって評定衆を解かれ頼経とともに京に同行。
- Since he was a close adviser of the 4th Shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune as a commissioner of the grant of honors/distribution of rewards, he was dismissed from the member of the Council of State in a miya sodo (palace disturbance) and went to Kyoto with Yoritsune.
- これは、天平宝字4年（760年）、孝謙天皇の勅願により、僧報恩が大和国高市郡の「子嶋神祠のほとり」に子嶋山寺を建てたとするものである。
- These materials described that in 760, a monk, Hoon, founded Kojimasan-dera Temple 'near Kojima Shrine' in Takaichi-gun Yamoto no kuni (Yamato Province) by order from the Emperor Koken.
- 主の祭壇を築き直して、酬恩祭および感謝の犠牲を、その上にささげ、ユダに命じてイスラエルの神、主に仕えさせた。 (歴代志2 33:16)
- He built up the altar of Yahweh, and offered thereon sacrifices of peace offerings and of thanksgiving, and commanded Judah to serve Yahweh, the God of Israel. (2 Chronicles 33:16)
- ガラハーはこの訪問によりアイルランドに対して恩人を気取るのとちょうど同じように、その友情により彼に対して恩人を気取っているだけなのだ。
- Gallaher was only patronising him by his friendliness just as he was patronising Ireland by his visit.
- 一つは、家臣団をひきつれた君主によって統治されるもので、家臣団は君主の恩顧と認可による大臣として、君主が王国を統治するのを補佐します。
- either by a prince, with a body of servants, who assist him to govern the kingdom as ministers by his favour and permission;
- either by a prince, with a body of servants, who assist him to govern the kingdom as ministers by his favour and permission;
- そして頼朝が、ある意味勝手に「本領安堵」の下文（くだしぶみ）を出すだけで、それを御恩と奉公ほど、彼らの所領は危ういものであったと言える。
- In addition, their estates became vulnerable as favor and service when Yoritomo submitted the 'honryo-ando' kudashibumi (edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document) almost without consent.
- それより前の1346年（貞和2）にも、上松浦の何人かの武士が、度々足利方について戦った恩賞として、肥前国河副庄の配分をうけたことがある。
- Several bushi of Kamimatsuura received the Kawasoe no Sho Residence of Hizen Province in 1346 for a reward for fighting along side the Ashikaga several times.
- 画は藤原信実筆、詞は藤原為家筆とも、画は住吉慶恩筆、詞は久我通具筆ともいい、ほかに豊後法橋画というもの、土佐光則画というものなどがある。
- Some versions had drawings drawn by Fujiwara no Nobuzane and text written by Fujiwara no Tameie, while some had drawings drawn by Keion Sumiyoshi and text written by Michitomo Koga, while others had drawings drawn by Bungo-hokkyo or Mitsunori Tosa.
- 処刑を免れた橋詰愛平ら9人は、土佐の渡川（四万十川）以西の入田へ配流され庄屋宇賀佑之進預けとなり、その後明治新政府の恩赦により帰郷した。
- The nine retainers including Aihei HASHIZUME who were spared their lives were sent to Irita, the west of Watari-gawa River (Shimanto-gawa River) of Tosa, and put under the charge of a village headman, Yunoshin UGA, and later returned to Tosa with a pardon from the new Meiji government.
- 領国貨幣は主に商取引に用いられた地方極印銀などをいい、また戦国時代に手柄を立てた者に対する恩賞として用いられた金銀貨も含める場合が多い。
- Ryogoku kahei referred to chiho hallmark silver used mainly for commercial transactions, and in many cases included gold and silver coins, which were awarded to those who had rendered distinguished services in the Sengoku period.
- 直義の意向もあって尊氏はそのまま鎌倉に本拠を置き、独自に恩賞を与え始め京都からの上洛の命令を拒み、独自の武家政権創始の動きを見せ始めた。
- With Tadayoshi's approval, Takauji established a base in Kamakura and began to allot lands to his followers, ignoring the emperor's command to return to Kyoto, and he tried to establish his own samurai government.
- その論功行賞について、「賞の疑はしきはゆるせ」と主張する師輔に対し、実頼は「疑はしきことをば行はざれ」と主張し通して恩賞を出さなかった。
- When the rewards of the soldiers were determined, Morosuke claimed 'those whose merit is in doubt are worthy of rewards,' while Saneyori maintained 'debatable things should not be done' and didn't approve rewards.
- 中納言巨勢野足を父に持つ少壮貴族の出身であったが、その豊かな画才を朝廷に認められ、宇多天皇や藤原基経といった権力者の恩顧を得て活躍した。
- He was a youthful noble with Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) KOSE no Notari as his father, but his rich artistic talent was recognized by the Imperial Court, and he flourished under the patronage of influential persons such as Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Mototsune.
- 黒門への登り口の路上にあり、知恩院が建立される前からあるとされる大きな石で、一夜にしてこの石から蔓が延びて花が咲き、瓜が実ったと伝わる。
- This large rock located in front of the Kuro-mon gate is said to have been there since before the building of Chion-in Temple and that, in just one night, a vine grew out of it, flowered and bore gourds.
- ねねの道 －知恵の道、神幸道と合わせて東山参道（三つの道）と言い、円山公園 (京都府)付近で接続して、それぞれ知恩院、八坂神社へと続く。
- Nene no michi (Path of Nene): This path, that starts in the area of Maruyama Park (Kyoto Prefecture) and continues to Chion-in Temple and Yasaka-jinja Shrine, is one of the 'Higashiyama Sando' (three approaches) along with Chie no michi path and Shinko michi path.
- だが、幕府という仕組みそのものが将軍家の家政機関としての側面を持っていたことから、恩賞や所務沙汰など重要な政務にも関与するようになった。
- However, since the structure of the bakufu itself had an aspect of the household management organ of shogunal family, he came to be involved in important political matters like onsho (reward grants) and shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues).
- もし人がその身に汚れがあるのに、主にささげた酬恩祭の犠牲の肉を食べるならば、その人は民のうちから断たれるであろう。 (レビ記 7:20)
- but the soul who eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that belongs to Yahweh, having his uncleanness on him, that soul shall be cut off from his people. (Leviticus 7:20)
- ソロモンは酬恩祭として牛二万二千頭、羊十二万頭を主にささげた。こうして王とイスラエルの人々は皆主の宮を奉献した。 (列王紀1 8:63)
- Solomon offered for the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he offered to Yahweh, two and twenty thousand head of cattle, and one hundred twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the children of Israel dedicated the house of Yahweh. (1 Kings 8:63)
- 1603年（慶長8年） 知恩院拡張造営に際し、祐誓の妹婿の善了の申し出により、親鸞荼毘の延仁寺の旧地と伝えられる鳥部山に代替地を拝領する。
- In 1603 when the Chion-in Temple was expanded, it was given more land on Mt. Toribe, which was said to belong to the Ennin-ji Temple where Shinran was cremated by a proportion of Zenryo, the husband of Yusei's sister.
- Upon extending the buildings in Chion-in Temple in 1603, according to the proposal by Zenryo, the husband of Yusei's younger sister, the new place that was given was within the area of Mt. Toribe, where Ennin-ji Temple, in which the founder Shinran was cremated, is said to have been located.
- 寛平・延喜東国の乱と承平南海賊のいずれにおいても、反乱制圧・平和維持に尽力した最初期の武士たちは、十分な恩賞が与えられたとは考えなかった。
- In either of the Kanbyo Engi Togoku War and Joheinankaizoku, the samurai at the early stage who made efforts to suppress the rebellions and to maintain security did not consider their rewards sufficient.
- 平安時代も末期とならない限り武士の世界において領地を与える（新恩給与）、あるいは領地の所有権を保証（本領安堵）するなどはありうべくもない。
- There was no donation of estates (shinon-kyuyo - granting of new domains) or a guaranteed ownership of the estate (honryo-ando - acknowledgment for an inherited estate) in the world of bushi until at the end of Heian period.
- 博学で才気煥発な彼女は、主君定子の恩寵を被ったばかりでなく、公卿や殿上人との贈答や機知を賭けた応酬をうまく交わし、宮廷社会に令名を残した。
- Because she was very learned and talented, she received her majesty Teishi's favor and succeeded wonderfully in exchanging poems and witty words with nobles and court peoples, winning fame in imperial society.
- いつのころからか京都は知恩院前に住居を構え「友禅」と号した友禅斎は、天和ごろ源氏物語の名場面を鮮やかに書いた扇絵が通人に受け名声を博した。
- Yuzensai resided in front of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto, though it is unknown from when, called himself 'Yuzen,' painted the famous scene of the Tale of Genji vividly on folding fans in the era of Tenna and won a reputation since these paintings were praised by connoisseurs.
- 御影堂正面軒下に名工・左甚五郎が魔除けに置いたとも、白狐の化身・濡髪童子がおいたとも伝えられる傘で、知恩院を火災から守るものとされている。
- This umbrella is thought to protect Chion-in Temple from fires and is said to have been placed between the front eaves of the Miei-do by master craftsman Jingoro HIDARI to ward off evil spirits or left by the white fox form of Nuregami-Doji.
- このほかおびただしい燔祭があり、また、酬恩祭の脂肪および燔祭の灌祭もあった。こうして、主の宮の勤めは回復された。 (歴代志2 29:35)
- Also the burnt offerings were in abundance, with the fat of the peace offerings, and with the drink offerings for every burnt offering. So the service of the house of Yahweh was set in order. (2 Chronicles 29:35)
- スイス人の神学者（フランス生まれ）で、信念（予定説、恩寵に抵抗できないこと、信仰による義認）により長老制を定めた（1509年−1564年）
- Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
- 前項に該当する人は、その結果として、その趣旨での補完的な協定が締結されない限り、関連するフランスの法令に規定される恩恵を受ける資格がない。
- The persons referred to in the above paragraph consequently shall not be entitled to benefits prescribed by the relevant French laws and regulations unless a complementary agreement has been concluded to that effect.
- 詞書の冒頭が「朝恩なればかたじけなく悦事かぎりなし、此よし家にかへりてかたりければ」云々と、前を受けての記述であるから、完本でないと知れる。
- Since Kotobagaki (captions) began with `朝恩なればかたじけなく悦事かぎりなし、此よし家にかへりてかたりければ', assumed to have been continued from the previous story, it is not an independent story.
- 記録所や恩賞方は調査機関であり、個々の政務に関する判断を下すための先例や意見が答申され、それらが後醍醐の決済を経て「綸旨」の形で発せられた。
- The Records and Rewards offices were both investigative organizations, reporting on the precedents and different viewpoints in order to pass down judgments on each individual governmental matter; such judgments then came before Godaigo, who issued a settlement for each in the form of an Imperial command.
- 宝永6年1月10日 (旧暦)（1709年2月19日）、将軍綱吉が死去し徳川家宣が将軍を継ぐと、恩赦が出され赤穂浪士の遺子たちも放免となった。
- On February 19, 1709, when Ienobu TOKUGAWA succeeded the position of Shogun after the death of Shogun Tsunayoshi, he granted a pardon to Ako Roshi, and thus their children were also discharged.
- 恩賜（おんし）とは君主から、臣下に当該臣下の、これまでの、或いはこれからの忠節や功労を感謝、或いは期待するため、に何らかの物品を与える行為。
- Onshi refers to an action of monarch who gives some goods to his subject to show his gratitude or expectation for the loyalty and contribution dedicated or to be dedicated.
- 光秀には足利義昭と信長の懇親役として信長の家臣となった経歴があるため、恩義も関係も深い義昭からの誘いを断りきれなかったのではないかとする説。
- Since Mitsuhide had become Nobunaga's vassal to intermediate between Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Nobunaga, he could not refuse the offer from Yoshiaki, to whom he was indebted and closely related.
- 政子は御家人たちを前に「最期の詞（ことば）」として「故右大将（頼朝）の恩は山よりも高く、海よりも深い、逆臣の讒言により不義の宣旨が下された。
- Her last words were spoken with tears in her eyes: 'Our indebtedness to the late Utaisho (Yoritomo) is higher than a mountain and deeper than the ocean; because of the lies of traitors, the Emperor has given unjust orders.
- 季長の武功は、負傷したのみであり、戦功とは認められなかった、あるいは事務的な手違いで報告されておらず、恩賞も与えられなかったと言われている。
- It is believed that the battle did not earn Suenaga any rewards for his service, either because what he had done in the War was not regarded as a distinguished war service (rather, it was considered that he merely received an injury in the war), or because his achievement was not reported to the feudal government due to a mishandling of an administrative procedure.
- 1599年（慶長4）に幽斎が烏丸光広や中院通勝らを招いて天橋立見物の和歌会をした際にも加わり、忠隆が詠んだ和歌短冊が丹後の智恩寺に現存する。
- He participated in a poetry gathering held by Yusai to appreciate the view of Amanohashidate in 1599, during which Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU, Michikatsu NAKANOIN and others were invited, after which, a tanzaku (long, narrow card on which Japanese poems are written vertically) which was written by Tadataka, remained in Chionji Temple in Tango Province.
- このため、別個に奉行衆の中から「別奉行」として恩賞奉行あるいは御恩奉行などが任命されて恩賞業務を置いたと推定されているが、詳細は不明である。
- It was presumed that Onshobugyo or Goonbugyo (bugyonin who distributes the rewards), was separately appointed as the 'Betsubugyo' (bugyo with a special mission) from among the members of bugyoshu to engage in the work of awarding Onsho, however, the details are not clear.
- 幕府が御家人の所領支配を保証することを本領安堵（ほんりょうあんど）といい、幕府が新たに所領を与えることを新恩給与（しんおんきゅうよ）という。
- The guarantee given by the bakufu to protect a hereditary territory ruled by its vassal was known as 'honryo-ando' (assurance of territorial rights), while the allocation of a new territory by the government was called 'shinon-kyuyo' (territory allocation).
- 彼はまたその酬恩祭の犠牲のうちから火祭を主にささげなければならない。すなわち内臓をおおう脂肪と、内臓の上のすべての脂肪、 (レビ記 3:3)
- He shall offer of the sacrifice of peace offerings an offering made by fire to Yahweh; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards, (Leviticus 3:3)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭。雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはエナンの子アヒラの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:83)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan. (Numbers 7:83)
- これは、天下の官寺を朝廷主導で序列化し、官寺として国家の手で住持を補任し、皇帝と帝室の安寧を祈祷すると同時に、非課税の恩恵を与える制度である。
- This was a system where state-sponsored temples were ranked by the Imperial Court, which assigned chief priests and had them pray for the well-being of the Emperor and Imperial family, and granted the temples exemption from taxation.
- 桃太郎、金太郎、浦島太郎、花さかじいさん、さるかに合戦、一寸法師、舌切り雀、鶴の恩返し、かさじぞう、おむすびころりん、うりこひめとあまのじゃく
- Momotaro (The Peach Boy), Kintaro (The Golden Boy), Urashimataro, Hanasaka-jiisan (The Old Man Who Made Flowers Blossom), Sarukanigassen (The Crab and the Monkey), Issun boshi (The Inchi-High Samurai), Shitakiri-suzume (The Tongue-Cut Sparrow), Tsuru-no-Ongaeshi (The Grateful Crane), Kasajizo (The Ksitigarbha Wearing Sedge Hats), Omusubikororin (The Runaway Riceball), and Urikohime-to-Amanojaku (The Urikohime and Perverse Person)
- 兄に有栖川宮韶仁親王・三千院承眞法親王・輪王寺舜仁入道親王・知恩院尊超入道親王など、妹に吉子女王（貞芳院、水戸藩主・徳川斉昭正室）などがいる。
- Takako had Arisugawanomiya Imperial Prince Tsunahito, the Cloistered Imperial Prince 承眞 of Sanzen-in Temple, the priestly Imperial Prince 舜仁 of Rinno-ji Temple and priestly Imperial Prince Soncho of Chion-in Temple as the older brothers, and the Princess Yoshiko (Teihoin, the legal wife of Nariaki TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain) as the younger sister.
- 上皇挙兵の報に鎌倉の武士は大いに動揺したが、『吾妻鏡』や『承久記』によれば北条政子が「故右大将（頼朝）の恩は山よりも高く、海よりも深いはずだ。
- News that the retired Emperor was raising an army caused great consternation among the samurai of Kamakura, but according to the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) and the 'Jokyu ki' (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era), Masako HOJO responded, 'The obligation we bear to the former great general of the Right (Yoritomo) is surely higher than a mountain, and deeper than the sea.
- 『吾妻鏡』には書かれていない相馬御厨での経緯を見れば、特に千葉常胤にとって、源義朝は「御恩」を感じるような相手ではなかったことは明らかである。
- By looking at the progress of Soma-mikuriya (private estate of Soma ranch) not written in 'Azuma Kagami,' Tsunetate CHIBA was especially not the person whom MINAMOTO no Yoritomo felt 'indebted' to.
- 意見書によると、ロシアとの共同行為は、恩を感じた清国から艦隊や貯炭所の割譲または租借ができる唯一の可能性を与えるものである、と認識されている。
- According to a written statement, the concerted intervention with Russia was acknowledged among the high officials as the only way to get a cession or a lease of fleets and coal yards from Qing, as Qing would feel obligated to do so if the intervention was successful.
- だが、当時の記録を見るともう一つの目的として公事方御定書にはない恩赦の法令を定める事によって同法の事実上の改正を意図していた事が知られている。
- One more intention can be known by looking at the records of that time: by establishing a law on pardon, Abe intended to actually revise the law of the Edo Shogunate, the Kujigata-osadamegaki (literally, 'book of rules for public officials').
- 大徳寺の一休宗純に参禅、大徳寺真珠庵の傍らに住み、宗純没後は神奈備に近い山城国薪村（現在の京都府京田辺市）の酬恩庵に住んで宗純の菩提を弔った。
- He practiced Zen Buddhism under Sojun IKKYU of Daitoku-ji Temple, living by Shinjuan in Daitoku-ji Temple, and after Sojun passed away, he lived near a kannabi (a place serving as a residence to a god), in Shuonan in Takigi village, Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture) and prayed for the repose of Sojun's soul.
- 次に源頼義が陸奥守兼鎮守府将軍として頼時を討とうとするが、朝廷の出した恩赦のため、頼良は名を安倍頼時と改めるなど従順な態度をとり帰服したこと。
- Subsequently, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) and Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), attempted to subdue Yoritoki, but because of a pardon issued by the Imperial Court, Yoriyoshi became submissive by changing his name to ABE no Yoritoki and surrendered.
- 豊臣家は福島正則、加藤嘉明など豊臣恩顧の大名に檄をとばしたが大坂方に参じる者はなく、福島が大坂の蔵屋敷にあった米の接収を黙認するにとどまった。
- Although the Toyotomi family sent out circulars to the daimyo who enjoyed the kind favors of the Toyotomi family particularly Masanori FUKUSHIMA and Yoshiakira KATO, nobody joined the Osaka side and only Fukushima gave silent approval for confiscating the rice stored in warehouses in Osaka.
- 義親の父・源義家に対しては後三年の役を私闘と見なして恩賞を与えず、義家が所有していた荘園を没収したうえ、新たに義家への土地の寄進も禁じられた。
- About MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, Yoshichika's father, the Go Sannen no Eki was considered a strife resulting from a personal grudge and Yoshiie was not awarded, furthermore, Yoshiie's private estates was confiscated and new donation of land to Yoshiie was banned.
- 703年（大宝3年）智鳳・智鸞らとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（または窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
- In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiho and Chiran, studied Faxiang Buddhism under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect.
- 寛仁3年（1019年）、刀伊の入寇を撃退した大宰権帥藤原隆家が部下らに対する恩賞を懇請し、これに対して諸国申請雑事定が公卿らによって行われた。
- In 1019, FUJIWARA no Takaie, who served as Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu office in Kyushu) and fought off the attack of foreign pirates in Toi invasion, requested that his men be given rewards for their military contributions, and in response to his request, rules regarding local governments were discussed among high court officials.
- 女性的な言葉使いをすることが多かった（恩地日出夫「砧撮影所とぼくの青春」など）が、それ以上のセクシャリティを示すような具体的エピソードは無い。
- Although it is said that he used words in a feminine way (such as in a book 'Kinuta satsueijo to boku no seishun' (literally, The Kinuta Studio and My Youth) by Hideo ONCHI.), there are no other specific episodes that prove his sexuality.
- もし彼の供え物が主にささげる酬恩祭の犠牲で、それが羊であるならば、雌雄いずれであっても、全きものをささげなければならない。 (レビ記 3:6)
- ''If his offering for a sacrifice of peace offerings to Yahweh is from the flock; male or female, he shall offer it without blemish. (Leviticus 3:6)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはヘロンの子エリアブの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:29)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon. (Numbers 7:29)
- そこでイエスが言われた、「異邦の王たちはその民の上に君臨し、また、権力をふるっている者たちは恩人と呼ばれる。 (ルカによる福音書 22:25)
- He said to them, 'The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those who have authority over them are called 'benefactors.' (Luke 22:25)
- 現在、この「盂蘭盆会」のよりどころとしている『盂蘭盆経』は、『父母恩重経』や『善悪因果経』などと共に、中国で成立した偽経であると考えられている。
- Today, the 'Urabon-kyo' that has provided a base for 'urabone' is considered, together with 'Fubooncho-kyo' and 'Zenakuinga-kyo,' to be one of the gikyo (fake scriptures) which were produced in China.
- 馬庭念流宗家の樋口家に伝わる『樋口家文書』や間光延が著わした『剣術系図』によれば、慈恩には板東8名、京6名、計14名の優れた門弟があったとした。
- According to 'Higuchi ke Bunsho' (the Higuchi family's document) handed down in the Higuchi family, the head family of Maniwanen-ryu school, and 'Kenjutsu Keizu' (the histories of swordsmen) written by Mitsunobu HAZAMA, Jion had the total of 14 excellent disciples, 8 of whom were in Bando (present-day the Kanto region), and 6 of whom were in Kyoto.
- 荘園を構成する田畠は主に皇帝よりの恩賜地や墾田、質入や買入による購入、寄進、更には暴力を伴う強奪などの手法によって獲得されたものも含まれていた。
- The fields (of rice and other crops) which made up the shoens included the land from the Emperor, the new rice field, the land by purchase or by pawning or donation and also land acquired by robbery with violence and so on.
- 天皇による万世一系の国家を維持するために、海外諸国と並立して文明開化の政治を行い、人民全てに均しく天皇の恩沢が行き渡る国家を形成する必要がある。
- In order to maintain a nation in unbroken imperial line, it is necessary to carry out politics for the cultural enlightenment standing side by side with other countries and to build a nation which can give benefit of emperor to every people equally.
- 義昭は当初の信長には恩義を感じていたようで、将軍就任直後の10月24日に信長に対して宛てた感状で、「御父織田弾正忠（信長）殿」と宛て名している。
- Yoshiaki seemed to thank Nobunaga at first; he addressed him as 'my father ODA Danjo no Chu (Nobunaga)' in his thank-you letter to Nobunaga on October 24.
- 建武の新政で楠木正成は、「武時は帝（後醍醐天皇）に一命を賭した忠臣第一の人」と賞賛し、武時の後を継いだ菊池武重は恩賞として肥後一国を与えられた。
- In the Kenmu Restoration, Masashige KUSUNOKI praised him saying 'Taketoki was the most loyal subject who risked his life on the emperor (Emperor Godaigo),' and Takeshige KIKUCHI who succeeded to Taketoki was awarded a territory of Higo Province as reward grants.
- ところがそれに対して鎌倉公方・足利氏満の恩賞が不当に少なかったため、孝朝は不満を抱き、1387年の小山若犬丸の反乱に乗じて氏満に反乱を起こした。
- However, because he felt that he did not receive a fair amount of reward grants, Takatomo was dissatisfied, and in 1387, along with the rebellion of Wakainumaru OYAMA, he opposed against Ujimitsu.
- これらは豊臣恩顧の大名達の中で、尚且つ一介の外様大名としては過分な待遇であり、徳川家康・秀忠から相当の信頼を受けていた人物である事がうかがえる。
- These were extraordinary treatments for the daimyo who received Toyotomi's kind favors as a tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), showing that he was a man who was greatly trusted by TOKUGAWA Ieyasu and Hidetada.
- 元弘3年（1333年）に鎌倉幕府を滅ぼした後醍醐天皇が、洞院実世・万里小路藤房・九条光経の3名を上卿として恩賞業務の審議・調査のために設置した。
- Emperor Godaigo overthrew the Kamakura bakufu in 1333 and set up the Onshogata to deliberate, investigate, and administer Onsho awards, appointing three people, Saneyo TOIN, Fujifusa MADENOKOJI and Mitsutsune KUJO, as the Shokei (a high rank portfolio).
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはツアルの子ネタニエルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:23)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nethanel the son of Zuar. (Numbers 7:23)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはシデウルの子エリヅルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:35)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur. (Numbers 7:35)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはギデオニの子アビダンの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:65)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Abidan the son of Gideoni. (Numbers 7:65)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはオクランの子パギエルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:77)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ochran. (Numbers 7:77)
- 彼は、逃げて行くヤギたちに向かって、吹雪の時に、自分のヤギに倍して、あんなに世話をしてやったのに、逃げて行くとは、なんと恩知らずなんだと叫んだ。
- The Goatherd scolded them for their ingratitude in leaving him, when during the storm he had taken more care of them than of his own herd.
- 後柏原天皇の代に三時知恩寺と称されるようになったが、これは宮中における1日6回の勤行のうち昼間の3回をこの寺で行うようになったことによるとされる。
- It came to be called Sanji Chion-ji Temple when Gokashiwabara was the Emperor, which is said to have started because three devotional exercises, which were performed the daytime out of six devotional exercises performed the course of a day in the Imperial Court, began to take place in this temple.
- この「たのみ」を「頼み」にかけ、武家や公家の間でも、日頃お世話になっている（頼み合っている）人に、その恩を感謝する意味で贈り物をするようになった。
- The word 'tanomi' in Tanomi no Sekku is written in Japanese as 田の実, which literally means crops from the rice field, but this word can also be written as 頼み, which means reliance; therefore, the custom of giving presents to people you rely on spread not only among farmers, but also among buke (samurai families) and kuge (court nobles) as a means of expressing their gratitude for the kindness of their supporters.
- 一方で御家人層では、元寇後も続けられた異国警固番役の負担、元寇の恩賞や訴訟の停滞、貨幣経済の普及、所領分割などによって没落する者も増加していった。
- Contrastingly, an increasing number of those in the gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) stratum were ruined because of the burden imposed on them by ikoku-keigoban-yaku (a kind of military service imposed on the gokenin in which they had to guard areas other than those they usually guarded), which continued even after the Mongolian expeditions against Japan; delays to the provision of rewards and settlement of lawsuits following the Mongolian expeditions; the gradual emergence of a monetary economy; and the division of their territory.
- 永世禄（えいせいろく）とは、明治初期において王政復古 (日本)及び戊辰戦争に功績のあった者に恩賞として与えられた賞典禄の内、最も上位に属するもの。
- Eiseiroku (a type of premium) was the highest ranked Shotenroku (premium) in early Meiji era, which was awarded to ones with merits for their contribution to the Boshin War and the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- しかし1912年、恩師ともいえる池野成一郎とともに、それぞれイチョウとソテツの精子の発見を高く評価されて、恩賜賞 (日本学士院)を授与されている。
- In 1912, however, HIRASE, together with Seiichiro IKENO who can be said to have been his mentor, was awarded Onshi Prize (the Imperial Award) (by the Japan Academy), for their highly evaluated discoveries of gymnosperm spermatozoids and cycad spermatozoids respectively.
- 同年12月の編成では、松原忠司の七番大炮組に所属し、慶応2年の三条制札事件では原田左之助らと共に、土佐国の藤崎吉五郎を斬り、十五両の恩賞金を得た。
- When the Shinsengumi was reorganized in December 1864, he joined the Seventh Cannon Unit led by Chuji MATSUBARA, and he worked with Sanosuke HARADA and killed Kichigoro FUJISAKI, who was from Tosa Province, at the Sanjo-ohashi Bridge Noticeboard Incident in 1866 and was granted an award of 15 ryo.
- 倒幕を実現させたと言えども、実際には直属の軍隊を持たない新政権にとって倒幕に参画した武士に恩賞を与えることは彼らの離反を防ぐ意味でも重要であった。
- Although the new administration had overthrown the Kamakura bakufu, it was essential for the administration without its own military force, to reward warriors, who participated in the coup to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu, so as to prevent them from plotting a breakaway.
- もし彼の供え物が酬恩祭の犠牲であって、牛をささげるのであれば、雌雄いずれであっても、全きものを主の前にささげなければならない。 (レビ記 3:1)
- ''If his offering is a sacrifice of peace offerings; if he offers it from the herd, whether male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before Yahweh. (Leviticus 3:1)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはアミナダブの子ナションの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:17)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Nahshon the son of Amminadab. (Numbers 7:17)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはデウエルの子エリアサフの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:47)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel. (Numbers 7:47)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはアミホデの子エリシャマの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:53)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud. (Numbers 7:53)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはパダヅルの子ガマリエルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:59)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. (Numbers 7:59)
- ソロモンは主のために築いた祭壇の上に年に三度燔祭と酬恩祭をささげ、また主の前に香をたいた。こうしてソロモンは宮を完成した。 (列王紀1 9:25)
- Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar which he built to Yahweh three times a year, burning incense with them, on the altar that was before Yahweh. So he finished the house. (1 Kings 9:25)
- 日本国内閣総理大臣田中角栄は、中華人民共和国国務院総理周恩来の招きにより、千九百七十二年九月二十五日から九月三十日まで、中華人民共和国を訪問した。
- Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka of Japan visited the People's Republic of China at the invitation of Premier of the State Council Chou En-lai of the People's Republic of China from September 25 to September 30, 1972.
- 江戸時代、豊臣政権の清算の観点ら、徳川家の恩赦を受けて新義真言宗は復興を果たし、根来寺の再興と共に覚鑁は東山天皇より「興教大師」の称号を追贈された。
- In the Edo period, as part of their program to settle the wrongs of the Toyotomi government, the Tokugawa clan pardoned the Shingi Shingon sect and together with the reconstruction of Negoro-ji Temple, Kakuban was afforded the honorary title of 'Kokyo-Daishi' from the Emperor Higashiyama.
- 知恩院の御影堂脇から石段を登ると、左側が法然廟入り口、正面が知恩院総墓地入り口、右側が一心院の山門であり、一心院本堂は知恩院大梵鐘の上段に位置する。
- When visitors climb the stone steps from the side of Miei-do Hall of Chion-in, at the left-hand side is the entrance to the Honen-byo Grave, at the face is the entrance to the general graveyard of Chion-in and at the right-hand side is the Sanmon gate (temple gate) of Isshin-in; the Hondo (main hall) of Isshin-in is located at the upper tier of Daibonsho (a large Buddhist temple bell).
- なお、再開された最初の勧学会に参加した第1期参加者の藤原有国の漢詩（「世尊大恩」）と高階積善の詩序に中断期間が19年間であったことが明記されている。
- In addition, it is recorded clearly in the Chinese-style poem ('Seson Daion') by FUJIWARA no Arikuni and in the preface of the poem by TAKASHINA no Moriyoshi, who were both participants at the first Kangakue which was resumed and also were participants at the very first Kangakue, that the Kangakue was put on hold for 19 years.
- どれも現在に至るまで中国のみならず、日本でも使用されていることばであって、その意味では現在に生きる我々もまた『万国公法』の恩恵を受けているといえる。
- They have been used until today not only in China but also in Japan and, by that fact, we can say that we who are living in the present world have been enjoying the benefits of 'Bankoku Koho.'
- たといあなたがたは燔祭や素祭をささげても、わたしはこれを受けいれない。あなたがたの肥えた獣の酬恩祭はわたしはこれを顧みない。 (アモス書 5:22)
- Yes, though you offer me your burnt offerings and meal offerings, I will not accept them; neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat animals. (Amos 5:22)
- 墓は酬恩庵にあり、「慈揚塔」と呼ばれるが、宮内庁が御廟所として管理している陵墓である宮内庁では落胤説にもとづいて「後小松天皇皇子宗純王墓」としている。
- His grave is at Shuuonan and is called Jiyoutou, but is managed by the Imperial Household Agency as an imperial tomb, calling it the grave of prince Soujun, son of Emperor Gokomatsu, based on the stories about his lineage.
- 大谷道場の御堂は、知恩院造営に先立って1600年（慶長5年）に教如の命によって祐誓が四条富小路に移し、徳勝寺（現・徳正寺。真宗大谷派寺院）を創建した。
- The Otani Dojo hall was moved to Shijo Tomino-koji by Yusei and it had the Tokusho-ji (徳勝寺) Temple (present day Tokusho-ji (徳正寺) Temple. A temple of the Shinshu sect Otani school) built in 1600 before the construction of the Chion-in Temple by an order of Kyonyo.
- なお、御恩と奉公による主従関係について、中世ヨーロッパに見られた封建制(feudalism)との共通点に着目して、封建的主従関係と理解する見解がある。
- By the way, concerning the master-servant relationship based on goon and hoko, there is an opinion that the relationship is interpreted the same as the feudal master-servant relationship, because when it is compared with feudalism found in Medieval Europe, there are some common points.
- 古ゲルマン人社会の従士制度（軍事的奉仕）と、ローマ帝国末期の恩貸地制度（土地の保護）に起源を見いだし、これらが結びつき成立したと説明されることが多い。
- The retainer system (military duties) in the ancient German society and the land loan system (land protection) in the later Roman Empire are often seen as the origin, and it is often explained that the two systems were combined to form feudalism.
- 治天下獲加多支鹵大王世奉事典曹人名无利弖八月中用大鉄釜并四尺廷刀八十練九十振三寸上好刊刀服此刀者長寿子孫洋々得□恩也不失其所統作刀者名伊太和書者張安也
- Under the reign of Wakatakeru no Okimi, there was a man who worked as a clerk; His name was Murite; During August, in the big iron pod, an imperial sword whose length is four shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm) ****; It was tempered eighty times, and swung ninety times; **** The one who has this sword will live long, and his descendants will flourish, being blessed; He will never lose his power; The one who makes a sword is Itawa, and the one who engraves inscription is Choan.
- なお、蝦夷の哲学とは、女性の大虫の周期が日の自転周期に一致する事から、その胎から生まれたなん人にも宇宙の理が備わり、日の恩恵を受けているという考え方。
- Based on the belief that the female menstruation cycle was the same as the rotation cycle of the sun, the philosophy of the Ezo people taught that everyone born by a woman embodies cosmic principles and receives benefits from the sun.
- 後三年の役が私戦とされて恩賞が出なかったため、義家は河内国石川荘の自分の私財を投じて部下の将士に報奨を与え、武家の棟梁としての信望を高めたといわれる。
- Because there was no reward for the Later Three Years' War due to it being considered a private war, he is said to have awarded his own property to his men, thereby enhancing his popularity as a warrior
- 研究者の間では、重衡の生け捕りを行なったのは家長であると有力視されているが、これは武功に見合うだけの恩賞を与えられている為である（その他の方も参照）。
- Many researchers think that it was Ienaga who captured Shigehira alive; this is because he was granted rewards that matched his military exploits (Refer to Others also).
- その後、平安時代初期の大同 (日本)元年（806年）に空海（弘法大師）の甥・智泉（ちせん）が入り、伝法灌頂（密教の儀式）の道場として報恩院を建立した。
- In the year 806 at the beginning of Heian period, Kukai's (Kobo Daishi) nephew Chisen became chief priest and constructed Hoon-in as a seminary for conducting the Denbo Kanjo (an esoteric Buddhism rite).
- しかし、頼朝が天下人と呼ばれるのは、御家人制と呼ばれる個々の武士たちとの主従的結合（御恩と奉公）を通じて、全国に影響力を及ぼすことができたためである。
- However, the reason Yoritomo was called tenka-bito is because he influenced the whole country through the firm master-and-servant relationship (obligation and service) with each samurai.
- すなわちこのすべての供え物のうちから、菓子一つずつを取って主にささげなければならない。これは酬恩祭の血を注ぎかける祭司に帰する。 (レビ記 7:14)
- Of it he shall offer one out of each offering for a heave offering to Yahweh. It shall be the priest's who sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings. (Leviticus 7:14)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはツリシャダイの子シルミエルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:41)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. (Numbers 7:41)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛二頭、雄羊五頭、雄やぎ五頭、一歳の雄の小羊五頭であって、これはアミシャダイの子アヒエゼルの供え物であった。 (民数記 7:71)
- and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two head of cattle, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. (Numbers 7:71)
- 浄土真宗における先祖の供養は、日常は朝夕に阿弥陀如来に対し合掌礼拝・称名念仏し、教えを説いてくだっさた宗祖親鸞聖人・七高僧などへの報恩謝徳の勤行をする。
- In Jodo Shinshu Sect, devotional exercises every morning and evening, in which monto worship Amida Nyorai while putting the palms of the hands together, chanting nenbutsu and invocating the name of Buddha and thanking the holy priest Shinran, the founder of Jodo Shinshu Sect, as well as Seven masters of Jodo Shinshu Sect for their efforts in preaching the teachings of Buddha, are deemed as memorial services for the ancestors.
- 「追捕官符」に基づき、一国棟梁たる軍事貴族らは家人である武士団（田堵負名層（在地領主層））を率いて謀叛や蜂起を鎮圧すると、軍事貴族自らも恩賞を獲得した。
- Suppressing revolts and rebellions by leading their private warrior bands (whose constituents were the Tato fumyo class who were also local lords) under 'tsuibu kanpu,' the military nobles earned rewards.
- 観応の擾乱によって幕府官僚の分裂・離反が生じた事から、2代将軍足利義詮が崩壊した評定衆・引付衆に代わる合議体として恩賞方にて開いたのが起源とされている。
- When bakufu officials were factionalized and declared secession in the Kanno Disturbance, the second shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA held a consultation in Onshokata (office to do desk work concerning the Onsho award) with a consultative body replacing the collapsed hyojoshu and hikitsukeshu, which was regarded as the origin of gozen-sata.
- 安達泰盛は幕府創設以来の有力御家人安達氏の一族で、北条氏得宗家の外戚として執権北条時宗を支え、越訴、御恩奉行などの重職を歴任した幕政の中心人物であった。
- Yasumori ADACHI was a member of the Adachi clan, the senior vassals since the Kamakura government was established, and he supported the regent Tokimune HOJO as a maternal relative of the Tokuso Family of the Hojo clan, and was a key figure experienced in important positions like an Ossobugyo (temporary position in charge of retrials and accepting appeals in Kamakura bakufu) and Goon bugyo (commissioner in charge of issuing the deed of rewards.)
- 伝統的に武士階層は土地（地方）をもって所領を与えられることを望んだことから、地方召上に懲罰的要素を含む場合や反対に地方直に恩賞的要素を含む場合もあった。
- The samurai class traditionally preferred to receive shoryo as the form of territory (jikata); accordingly, jikata-meshiage sometimes contained a certain punitive sense, and on the contrary, jikata-naoshi sometimes implicates a kind of reward.
- 703年（大宝 (日本)3年）智鳳・智雄らとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（または窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
- In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiho and Chiyu, studied Faxiang Buddhism under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect.
- 感恩寺に伝わる書物には、文武王が倭兵を鎮圧するためにこの寺を建てようとしたが完成する前に亡くなっており、同寺は神文王の2年（682年）に完成したという。
- A book handed down to 感恩寺 Temple says that King Munmu started building this temple to break down Japanese soldiers, but he died before its completion in 682.
- 現在の浄厳院の地には、正平 (日本)年間（1346年 - 1370年）近江国守護佐々木氏六角氏の六角氏頼より建立された天台宗寺院の慈恩寺威徳院があった。
- From 1346 to 1370, the Itokuin of Jion-ji Temple was located in the current location of Jogon-in Temple, which is a Tendai Sect temple built by Ujiyori ROKKAKU of Sasaki clan and Rokkaku clan as Omi-no-kuni shugo (Military Commissioner of Omi-no-kuni).
- これを取るには酬恩祭の犠牲の雄牛から取るのと同じようにしなければならない。そして祭司はそれを燔祭の祭壇の上で焼かなければならない。 (レビ記 4:10)
- as it is taken off of the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering. (Leviticus 4:10)
- 人々は主の箱をかき入れて、ダビデがそのために張った天幕の中のその場所に置いた。そしてダビデは燔祭と酬恩祭を主の前にささげた。 (サムエル記下 6:17)
- They brought in the ark of Yahweh, and set it in its place, in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it; and David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before Yahweh. (2 Samuel 6:17)
- 浄土宗側は、黒染めの衣で、質素ないでたち、関東の霊誉と、安土田中の西光寺の聖誉・貞安（せいよていあん）、信誉洞庫、知恩院助念の4人が筆記用具を持って登場。
- From the Jodoshu sect, four monks in simple black robes, Reiyo from the Kanto region, Seiyo Teian from Saiko-ji Temple in Azuchitanaka, Shinyo Doko, and Chionin Jonen appeared with writing tools.
- 太食調 抜頭※（舞は左右双方にあり）、散手、太平楽（朝小子、武昌楽、合歓塩）、傾盃楽、賀王恩、打毬楽、還城楽（左右双方にあり）、庶人三台、輪鼓褌脱、長慶子
- Taishikicho tone: Bato* (having dance both in Saho and Uho), Sanju, Taiheiraku (Chokoshi, Bushoraku, Gakkaen), Keibaraku, Kao-on, Dakyuraku, Genjoraku (both in Saho and Uho), Soninsandai, Rinkokotatsu, Chogeishi
- 表面には「常是」および「寳」に加えて年代を現す文字極印が打たれ、また片面ないし両面に大黒天像の極印が丁寧に打たれたものが存在し、恩賞および贈答用とされる。
- Some of these coins had precise markings ('常是' [pronounced 'joze'], which was the heredity name of a refiner, and '寳' {pronounced 'ho'], meaning 'valuable') and the year they were made, while others were inscribed with the image of Daikokuten (Great Black God) on one or both sides, probably to indicate that they were prizes or gifts.
- しかし、腕を天下に披露したい武芸者の堀部らは吉良邸への討ち入りを主張したのに対し、主君への報恩第一の寵臣片岡らは行列襲撃してでも即時の吉良殺害を主張した。
- However, those who wanted to show off their skills to the world, such as Horibe, demanded for the raid into Kira's residence whereas others, such as Kataoka, who received favor from their lord, wanted to kill Kira immediately even if it meant attacking the procession.
- これは病死とも、秀吉への恩義に応えられなかった（且元は、家康の大坂攻めに協力する見返りとして、秀頼の助命を嘆願していたらしい）ことを悔いての自殺説もある。
- While some attribute his death to illness, others believe it was suicide for failing to live up to his pledge of loyalty to Hideyoshi (for pleading for the life of Hideyori in return for his support of Ieyasu's siege on Osaka Castle).
- なお、社会的に影響が小さい事件については短期でも恩赦が認められ（11年必要なケースでは6年など）、また逆に影響が大きいケースでは認められない場合があった。
- A pardon was approved after a short time in cases which had little effect on society (for example, after six years where the requirement was eleven years); conversely, a pardon might not be approved in cases which had a big effect on society.
- 宮菊は横領に関わりない事を弁明し、憐れんだ頼朝から美濃国の領地を与えられ、義仲恩顧の信濃国の御家人たちに宮菊を尊重するよう命が出されている（『吾妻鏡』）。
- Miyagiku explained that she was not involved in the misappropriation; Yoritomo, pitying her, gave her a territory in Mino Province and ordered some of Yoshinaka's favorite Gokenin in Shinano Province to treat Miyagiku with respect ('Azuma Kagami').
- 703年（大宝 (日本)3年）智鸞・智雄などとともに入唐し、慈恩大師基（或いは窺基）の法孫で法相第3祖の濮陽（ぼくよう）大師智周に師事して法相宗を学んだ。
- In 703, he visited Tang China together with Chiran and Chiyu, studied Faxiang Buddhism (or Dharma-character school which was the Chinese equivalent of the Japanese Hosso sect) under Chishu (Zhizhou in Chinese) the Bokuyo Daishi (Master Puyang), who was a dharma-grandson of Ki (Ji in Chinese, aka Kuiji) the Jion Daishi (Master Cien) and the third generation founder of the Faxiang sect in China.
- 親家はこれに深い恩義を感じ、それ以後、忠臣として活動し続け、その子孫も忠義を尽くしたと『吾妻鑑』に載る（承久の乱で子息達の活躍と討死に等が記されている）。
- According to Azuma Kagami (The Mirrors of the East), he felt deeply indebted for it and continued to stay as a royal retainer of the Kamakura shogunate, and his children also royally served the shogunate (the chronicle recorded his exploit together with his sons at the Jokyu War and his death in action).
- これらの罪状により、保輔に対する捜索は続けられ、朝廷より保輔を追捕した者には恩賞を与えると発表され、さらには保輔の父藤原致忠が検非違使に連行・監禁された。
- The pursuit of Yasusuke was continued on charges of these crimes and the Imperial Court announced that the person who captured Yasusuke would be given a reward; furthermore, Yasusuke's father FUJIWARA no Munetada was arrested and placed in confinement by kebiishi.
- 更に後醍醐天皇による親裁に対して苦言を申し入れた万里小路藤房の要請を天皇が拒絶すると、藤房は出奔して政府から去ってしまったために恩賞方は機能停止に陥った。
- When Emperor Godaigo refused Fujifusa MADENOKOJI, who gave candid advice to the emperor about his ultimate decision, Fujifusa absconded and quit the government, and as a result the Onshogata stopped functioning.
- その感謝のための酬恩祭の犠牲の肉は、その供え物をささげた日のうちに食べなければならない。少しでも明くる朝まで残して置いてはならない。 (レビ記 7:15)
- The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning. (Leviticus 7:15)
- また主の前にささげる酬恩祭のために雄牛と雄羊とを取り、また油を混ぜた素祭を取りなさい。主がきょうあなたがたに現れたもうからである』」。 (レビ記 9:4)
- and a bull and a ram for peace offerings, to sacrifice before Yahweh; and a meal offering mixed with oil: for today Yahweh appears to you.'' (Leviticus 9:4)
- なぜなら、人間というものは一般に、恩知らずで、移り気で、不誠実で、臆病で、強欲なものであって、君主がうまくいっているうちは、全体として意のままになります。
- Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely;
- この頃には新令により発生した所領問題、訴訟や恩賞請求の殺到、記録所などの新設された機関における権限の衝突などの混乱が起こり始め、新政の問題が早くも露呈する。
- It was right around this time that due to these new decrees, the Court started receiving a flood of land-related problems as well as court cases and requests for rewards, and chaos caused by conflicts of authority between the mechanisms of the newly established Records office and so forth began to arise; the fact that the new government was beset with problems had come to light very quickly.
- 絶海中津は義弘の忠節は隠れ無きものであり、世の噂を信じるべきではない、また満弘の子への恩賞がないのは上洛しないために行賞できないからだと重ねて上洛を促した。
- Chushin ZEKKAI responded by saying that he saw that Yoshihiro's loyalty was beyond question, and that one cannot trust the rumors the world produces he also reiterated his advice to go the capital, claiming that the reason no reward had been conferred on Mitsuhiro's son was that Yoshihiro had not obeyed the summons to Kyoto in the first place.
- それまでの歴史から後鳥羽は、ほどなく義時が討ち取られ、関東武士たちも帰順すると見込んでいたが、幕府側は、頼朝以来の御恩を訴え、御家人の大多数を味方につけた。
- Considering the history so far, Gotoba expected that Yoshitoki would soon be killed and that the Kanto Samurai Group would submit, but the bakufu faction called in its favors since the time of Yoritomo and allied with the majority of gokenin.
- 一方、朝鮮の両班階層（支配層）の間では明の援軍のおかげにより朝鮮は滅亡を免れたのだという意識（「再造之恩」）が強調され、明への恩義を重視する思想が広まった。
- On the other hand, among yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea) (ruling class) of Korea, understanding that Korea could narrowly avoid ruin thanks to reinforcements from Ming ('再造之恩') was underscored and the thought to attach importance to gratitude towards Ming spread widely.
- 敗色濃厚な豊臣氏の誘いに乗って大坂城に入った信繁の真意は、恩賞や家名回復ではなく、徳川家康に一泡吹かせてもって真田の武名を天下に示す事だったと言われている。
- It is said that the real intention of Nobushige who entered Osaka Castle tempted by Toyotomi Clan whose defeat was almost obvious was to show the military renown of Sanada to the world by frustrating Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, not in order to gain Onsho (reward grants) or recover his family name.
- 明治期には巌谷小波が前代の物語を恩返しに主眼を置いた子供向けの読み物に改作し、ダイジェスト版が明治43年から35年間、国定教科書の教材になり定着していった。
- During the Meiji Period, Sazanami IWAYA changed the established story into one for children, focusing on the returning of the favor, and the summary of the story appeared in national textbooks for 35 years from 1910.
- 後継者としては先妻宝心妙樹の子である嫡男千道安と、後妻千宗恩の連れ子で娘婿でもある千少庵が有名であるが、この他に娘婿の万代屋宗安、千紹二の名前が挙げられる。
- The well known successors to Rikyu were SEN no Doan and SEN no Shoan; the former was a son of Rikyu's first wife Myoju HOSHIN, and the latter was a son between Rikyu's second wife SEN no Soon and her previous husband, and Shoan was also known as a husband of Rikyu's daughter. In addition to them, these two people were also Rikyu's successors: Soan MOZUYA, husband of Rikyu's daughter, and SEN no Shoji.
- 既に頼朝は各地の武士に対する恩賞を与えるなど果断な処置を講じており、入京以後の義経に協力してきた京武者たちも、恩賞を与える事が出来ない義経には与しなかった。
- By then, Yoritomo had already taken drastic measures with the warriors in various places, such as rewarding them with bonuses in appreciation for their deed, and the warriors in Kyoto, who had been cooperating with Yoshitsune until then since his first entrance in Kyoto, did not collaborate with him this time as Yoshitsune was not able to reward them.
- さらに足利義教になると、御前沙汰そのものが恩賞方から離れて幕府中枢に置かれるようになり、恩賞方衆も「御前沙汰衆・御前奉行人」などと呼ばれるのが一般的となる。
- During the rule of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, separated from the Onshogata, the Gozensata was incorporated in the center of the bakufu, and the Onshogatashu was generally called 'Gozensatashu' or 'Gozenbugyonin' (bugyonin with qualifications for attending the Gozensata).
- その富や立地の利点と並んで、その国民はその国民精神で活気づいていて、その政府のからの恩恵を十分感じているので、その活気は必要な大義があれば衰えることはない。
- Beside her advantages of riches and situation, her people are animated with such a national spirit, and are so fully sensible of the blessings of their government, that we may hope their vigour never will languish in so necessary and so just a cause.
- 検察官は、恩赦法第十四条の規定により判決の原本に付記をした場合において、訴訟記録が他の検察庁に在るときは、その検察庁の検察官にその旨を通知しなければならない。
- When the public prosecutor has inserted added entries in the original of the judgment pursuant to the provisions of Article 14 of the Pardon Act, he/she shall, if the case record remains in another public prosecutors office, notify a public prosecutor of such office to that effect.
- 浄土宗 開祖は円光大師「法然」（源空・黒谷上人・吉水上人とも）、本山は華頂山知恩院・報国山光明寺 (長岡京市)（粟生光明寺）・聖衆来迎山禅林寺 (京都市)ほか
- Jodo sect: founded by Enko Daishi 'Honen' (also called Genku, Kurodani Shonin and Yoshimizu Shonin), head temples include Chionin Temple on Mt. Kacho, Komyo-ji Temple on Mt. Hokoku (Nagaokakyo City), also known as Awafu Komyo-ji Temple, and Zenrin-ji Temple on Mt. Shojuraigo (Kyoto City).
- 以後、贈位は亡くなった高位の貴族への恩典として、さらには無実の罪で亡くなった者、或いは派遣途上でなくなった遣唐使の慰霊や名誉回復を目的で行われるようになった。
- From then on, zoi became a special dispensation for high ranked nobles that have passed away; moreover, it began to be carried out for the purposes of comforting the spirit and restoring impaired reputations of those who died on false charges, or for the Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) who died in their journey.
- 余多の妻子ども、此趣承り、是は夢かやうつつかや。恩愛の別れの悲しさ、今更たとへん方もなし。さて如何かと歎き、或はおさない子をいただき、或は懐妊したる人もあり。
- Remaining wives and children heard this and some moaned for wrench of parting telling that they could not tell if they are awake or asleep, and some took in young children and there was a lady who was pregnant.
- これは、丁銀と同品位の少額貨幣である豆板銀を合わせて一定の量目（恩賞および献上用には銀一枚43匁、商取引用には五百目など）にし、紙に包んで封印したものである。
- A Hogin was a sealed paper bag that contained both Chogin and Mameitagin of the same quality that had been combined to attain a certain ryome (e.g. one silver sheet of 43 monme for a prize or present and 500 ryome for business transactions).
- では誰の筆録がベースとなったのかについては、五味文彦は恩賞奉行（恩沢奉行）の中原師員。同じく恩賞奉行で前述の承久合戦軍奉行であった後藤基綱の筆録が中心とする。
- As to the authorship of the written records, Fumihiko GOMI considers that it is mainly attributed to two commissioner of the grant of honors, Morokazu NAKAHARA, and Mototsuna GOTO, who was also a military commissioner in the previously mentioned Jokyu Disturbance.
- そのような中、慶長16年（1611年）に加藤清正、堀尾吉晴、浅野長政、慶長18年（1613年）には浅野幸長、池田輝政など、豊臣恩顧の有力大名が次々と死去した。
- Meanwhile, many powerful daimyo under an obligation to the Toyotomi family died one after another: For example, Kiyomasa KATO, Yoshiharu HORIO, and Nagamasa ASANO died in 1611, and Yoshinaga ASANO, and Terumasa IKEDA in 1613.
- 社交界で揉まれたウィッテは両国間で秘密とされた交渉途中の内容をアメリカの新聞記者に漏らして恩を売るなど世論工作を繰り広げたが小村は国の代表として秘密を守った。
- Being tossed about in society, Witte rolled out with maneuvering for public opinion such as deliberately leaking information about on-going negotiation, which was suppose to be the secrets between the two countries, to American newspaper reporters in expectation of receiving a favor in return, but Komura kept the secret as a representative of the country.
- 「イスラエルの人々に言いなさい、『酬恩祭の犠牲を主にささげる者は、その酬恩祭の犠牲のうちから、その供え物を主に携えてこなければならない。 (レビ記 7:29)
- 'Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh out of the sacrifice of his peace offerings. (Leviticus 7:29)
- 私の保護者たるジキル博士には、たいへんお世話になっていながら、恩を仇で返すようなことになって、もう私の身の安全についてはなんの心配もしていただかなくて結構だ。
- that the writer's benefactor, Dr. Jekyll, whom he had long so unworthily repaid for a thousand generosities, need labour under no alarm for his safety,
- 保名は書き置きから、恩返しのために葛の葉が人間世界に来たことを知り、童子丸とともに信田の森に行き、姿をあらわした葛の葉から水晶の玉と黄金の箱を受け取り、別れる。
- Yasuna realizes by her poem that Kuzunoha came to the human world to repay him for saving her, and goes to Shinoda forest with Dojimaru, receives a crystal ball and a golden box from Kuzunoha there and leaves her.
- 新政府内部には、財源の問題から反対論も出されたものの、参戦諸藩の軍事支出に伴う財政悪化が新政府への反感につながることを恐れた結果、恩賞が支給されることとなった。
- Although due to the financial resources an opposing argument appeared inside the new government, it decided to give rewards for fear that the domains' financial aggravation caused by military expenses in the battles might create ill feeling against it.
- 建武の新政においては正成は後醍醐天皇の絶大な信任を受け、結城親光、名和長年、千種忠顕をあわせて「三木一草」と併称され、「朝恩に誇った」とされる（太平記の記述）。
- Since Masashige won the deep confidence of Emperor Godaigo in the Kenmu Restoration and the group of Chikamitsu YUKI, Nagatoshi NAWA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA were called 'Sanboku-Isso', it is said that they were 'proud of imperial blessing' (a description from The Record of the Great Peace 'Taiheiki').
- 九度山に無名のまま朽ちる筈だった信繁を、将帥として召しだしてくれたことに感謝はあるだろうが、豊臣譜代の臣でもないのに、そこまで豊家に恩を感じていたか疑問である。
- Although Nobushige might have been grateful to the Toyotomi family for taking him as a commander when he was supposed to die in obscurity in Kudoyama, it is doubtful that he was so grateful to the Toyotomi family even though he wasn't a hereditary vassal of Toyotomi.
- 宗祖親鸞聖人入滅後、末娘の覚信尼が1272年（文永9年）に現在の京都市東山区林下町（知恩院塔頭・崇泰院付近）に廟を営み、遺骨を安置したのが本願寺の発祥とされる。
- Hongan-ji Temple originated after the death of sect founder Shinran Shonin when his youngest daughter Kakushinni had a mausoleum constructed in what is modern-day Rinka-cho, Higashiyama-ku Ward, Kyoto City (in the vicinity of the Sotaiin sub-temple of Chionin Temple) into which his remains were interred in 1272.
- そのような信仰形態をもつ地域では、山から流れる河川や、山裾に広がる森林地帯に衣食住の全てに渡って依存した生活を送っており、常に目に入る山からの恩恵に浴している。
- In areas where such religion forms, life's necessities, including food, clothing, and shelter, are entirely dependent upon the rivers that flow from the mountain and through the forest area at the skirt of the mountain, and they feel blessed by the mountain being constantly in sight.
- %nation%はつらい日々を送っています。しばらくの間%colony%の収穫の恩恵を共有してくれないかと聞かれています。%amount%食料を譲ってください。
- The %nation% have fallen on hard times. We ask the colonists of %colony% to share the bounty of your harvests with us in our time of need. Please let us have %amount% food.
- 彼はまた民のためにささげる酬恩祭の犠牲の雄牛と雄羊とをほふり、アロンの子たちが、その血を彼に渡したので、彼はこれを祭壇の周囲に注ぎかけた。 (レビ記 9:18)
- He also killed the bull and the ram, the sacrifice of peace offerings, which was for the people: and Aaron's sons delivered to him the blood, which he sprinkled around on the altar, (Leviticus 9:18)
- また雄羊を種入れぬパンの一かごと共に、酬恩祭の犠牲として、主にささげなければならない。祭司はまたその素祭と灌祭をもささげなければならない。 (民数記 6:17)
- He shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings to Yahweh, with the basket of unleavened bread. The priest shall offer also its meal offering, and its drink offering. (Numbers 6:17)
- その時、人々は自分を愛する者、金を愛する者、大言壮語する者、高慢な者、神をそしる者、親に逆らう者、恩を知らぬ者、神聖を汚す者、 (テモテヘの第ニの手紙 3:2)
- For men will be lovers of self, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, (2 Timothy 3:2)
- 同寺の寺宝である立正安国論が建武_(日本)3年（1336年）に律宗寺院であった鎌倉・普恩寺（現在は廃絶）に貸し与えられて書写されていた事が記録されている程である。
- According to the records, Rissho ankoku ron (the Treatise for Spreading Peace Throughout the Country by Establishing the True Teaching), which was the temple's treasure, had been lent out to Kamakura Fuon-ji Temple (no longer exists) of the Ritsu Sect to transcribe in 1336.
- 院政期は律令制に代わり、院を頂点とした主従制的関係が形成され、官職や土地を恩給として臣下に与えて奉仕させるようになり、知行国・荘園制度が確立していった時期だった。
- The cloistered government took the place of the Ritsuryo system, developing lord-vassal relationships with the cloistered Emperor at the apex, and making subordinates work in exchange for positions and land as rewards, and was a period when the system of custodial provinces and shoen were established.
- このとき季長に恩賞の便宜を取り計らった安達泰盛や少弐景資らは、弘安8年（1285年）の霜月騒動で滅びており、恩義のある彼らへの鎮魂の意味があるとも指摘されている。
- It is also said that the picture scroll was drawn in order to pray for the repose of the souls of Yasumori ADACHI and Kagesuke SHONI who had helped Suenaga to receive rewards but were killed in the Shimotsuki Incident (a coup to destroy Gokenin [immediate vassals of the shogunate] by Miuchibito [private vassals of the tokuso]) in 1285.
- そのナジルびとは会見の幕屋の入口で、聖別した頭をそり、その聖別した頭の髪を取って、これを酬恩祭の犠牲の下にある火の上に置かなければならない。 (民数記 6:18)
- The Nazirite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the Tent of Meeting, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it on the fire which is under the sacrifice of peace offerings. (Numbers 6:18)
- 招き猫発祥の地の伝説がある豪徳寺（東京都世田谷区）の由来には、寺の繁栄に関し「全く猫の恩に報い福を招き寄篤の霊験によるものにしてこの寺を猫寺と呼ぶに至れり」とある。
- Gotoku-ji Temple (Setagaya Ward, Tokyo), which is believed to be the birthplace of manekineko (beckoning cat), attributes its prosperity to 'the good luck brought by having repaid obligations to cats and a miracle of well-wish; the very reason why the temple is called neko-dera.'
- 応永22年2月25日 (旧暦)（1415年4月4日）、京都東山の本願寺（現、崇泰院（そうたいいん）〔知恩院塔頭〕付近）にて、本願寺第七世・存如の長子として生まれる。
- He was born on April 4, 1415, at Hongan-ji Temple (near present day Sotai-in Hall (a small hall located within Chion-in Temple)) in Higashiyama, Kyoto, as the eldest child of the 7th generation leader of Hongan-ji Temple, Zonnyo.
- 早く追討の官符を給わりて」と後付けの追討官符を要請するが、朝廷はこれを下さず、「私戦」としたため恩賞はなく、かつ翌年1088年（寛治2）正月には陸奥守を罷免される。
- Please give me kanpu (official written command from the Imperial Court) fast,' and sought official post-war consent for defeating the enemy but was rejected by the Court which, because it considered it a 'private war,' made no reward and in January the following year, he was removed as the governer of Mutsu Province.
- 甲斐攻略で戦功を上げた滝川一益が信長に対し、珠光小茄子という茶器を恩賞として希望したが、与えられたのは関東管領の称号と上野一国の加増でがっかりしたという逸話がある。
- There is an episode about Kazumasu TAKIGAWA achieving distinguished war service with the capture of Kai Province and he required Nobunaga to give him a tea utensil named Jukokonasu as Onsho, but that he was disappointed to receive only the title of Kanto Kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) and the additional territory of Kozuke Province.
- 悪霊退散のために呪術によるより強力な恩恵を求める風潮が強くなり、これを背景に、古神道に加え、有神論的な星辰信仰や霊符呪術のような道教色の強い呪術が注目されていった。
- Interest in seeking the benefit of powerful magic to drive demons away became strong, creating an atmosphere in which theistic Seishin worship (worshipping the sun, moon, stars) or magic with a strong undertone of Taoism such as reifu in addition to the Koshinto (ancient Shinto) religion started to attract more attention.
- こうしてダビデは主のために、その所に一つの祭壇を築き、燔祭と酬恩祭をささげて、主を呼んだ。主は燔祭の祭壇の上に天から火を下して答えられた。 (歴代志1 21:26)
- David built an altar to Yahweh there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and called on Yahweh; and he answered him from the sky by fire on the altar of burnt offering. (1 Chronicles 21:26)
- 護摩の炉に細長く切った薪木を入れて燃やし、炉中に種々の供物を投げ入れ、火の神が煙とともに供物を天上に運び、天の恩寵にあずかろうとする素朴な信仰から生まれたものである。
- This ceremony evolved from a simple ritual to win god's grace by burning firewood cut into sticks in a Goma fire pit while throwing various offerings into the fire for the fire god to carry the offerings, transformed into smoke, to heaven.
- 北条氏の得宗専制体制は強化されるが、元寇以後には、元寇の戦功に応じた恩賞を受けられず没落する御家人が増加し、執権の地位は有名無実化し、諸国では悪党の活動が活発化する。
- Although the Tokuso autocracy system of the Hojo clan had been strengthened, after the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, there was an increase of in the number of gokenin who became bankrupt having received no reward in return for their service in repelling the Mongol invasion attempts; consequently, the position of regent became symbolic and gangsters increased their activities in various provinces.
- このため、これを補うために文化_(日本)年間に評定所の幕臣がまとめた恩赦の記録が『大赦律』という名称で評定所において参考資料として用いられたが十分なものではなかった。
- In order to compensate the loss, the Shogun's retainers at the conference chamber complied the records on pardon collected in the Bunka period (1804-1818) into 'Taisharitsu' and it was used as reference at the conference chamber, but it was not sufficient enough.
- ここで恩賞が授けられるは、義朝は一族全員を敵にまわしてまで天皇にしたがったのに、あまりにも報いるところがすくないことに再考を求め、信西と論争の挙句にこれを認めさせる。
- Although he receives a reward, he feels that it's too little because he has turned his all relatives into enemies and sided with the Emperor, so he argues with Shinzei to make him reconsider it and succeeds in persuading him.
- 惟義は乱の鎮圧に対する恩賞を頼朝に求めたが、狼藉を鎮めるのは守護の務めであり、家人を殺害されたのは汝の落ち度であるので恩賞を求めるのは道理に叛くとして却下されている。
- Koreyoshi requested Yoritomo a reward for this meritorious suppression, however, Yoritomo rejected request by saying that suppressing the violence was a Shugo's duty, and Koreyoshi's family members were killed due to his own fault, therefore, it was irrational that Koreyoshi would ask for a reward.
- 江戸時代になり、1680年（延宝8年）に、知恩院の第38世である万無が、法然ゆかりの地に念仏道場を建てることを発願し、門弟の忍澂と共に再興したのが当寺であるとされる。
- In 1680 during the Edo period, Chion-in Temple's 38th head priest Manmu vowed to establish a Nenbutsu training hall on the site which was closely associated with Honen, and he and his disciple Nincho revived the structure into what was to become Honen-in Temple.
- ダビデはその所で主に祭壇を築き、燔祭と酬恩祭をささげた。そこで主はその地のために祈を聞かれたので、災がイスラエルに下ることはとどまった。 (サムエル記下 24:25)
- David built an altar to Yahweh there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So Yahweh was entreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel. (2 Samuel 24:25)
- これらの地区は、近世の行政区画では知恩院門前、建仁寺門前、祇園廻り、大仏廻りなどと称されたが、平地部は早くから町地化されて市街地の一部となり、「洛外町続き」と称された。
- In the administrative division during the early modern era, these areas were referred to as Chionin Monzen, Kenninji Monzen, Gion Mawari, Daibutsu Mawari, and so on, but parts of the flat lands were turned into towns and became a part of urban area, and referred to as 'Rakugai Machi-tsuzuki.'
- 自賛談のようにみえる章段も、（中略）中宮と中宮を取り巻く人々が失意の時代にあっても、天皇の恩寵を受けて政治とは無縁に美と好尚の世界に生きたことを主張している（上野理）。
- There are some chapters that seem like mere self-praise, but in them the author claimed that the Empress and the people around her received the Emperor's favor and led a life filled with aesthetic sentiment and exquisite taste, living in a world that was cut off from the politics of the time and disappointment. (Osamu UENO).
- その最初の衝突（抑圧）の具体例としてあげられたのが、後三年の役の勝利にも関わらず恩賞が与えられず、冷遇されたこと、そして義家に対する荘園寄進が禁じられたことなどである。
- The first example of such a clash (suppression) was the fact that Yoshiie did not receive rewards despite his victory in the Later Three Years' War and was treated coldly in addition to being banned from receiving new estates.
- 尾崎は立身しても三条実美から受けた旧恩を忘れず、内閣制度発足時に三条を形式だけの内大臣として祭り上げ、伊藤博文を初代内閣総理大臣にしようとした際には、最後まで反対した。
- Despite the social success he achieved, he never forgot the kindness he had been shown by Sanetomi SANJO, and he resisted to the very end moves to appoint Sanjo to the ceremonial post of Naidaijin (Minister of the interior) upon the establishment of a cabinet system, while Hirofumi ITO was to be appointed Japan's first prime minister.
- またイスラエルの氏族から、家畜の群れ二百につき一頭の羊を出して、素祭、燔祭、酬恩祭とし、彼らのために、あがないをなせと主なる神は言われる。 (エゼキエル書 45:15)
- and one lamb of the flock, out of two hundred, from the well-watered pastures of Israel--for a meal offering, and for a burnt offering, and for peace offerings, to make atonement for them, says the Lord Yahweh. (Ezekiel 45:15)
- 知恩院に所蔵される国宝の通称「早来迎（はやらいごう）」と呼ばれる来迎図は、正式には「阿弥陀二十五菩薩来迎図」であり、『観経』に説かれる上品上生の来迎を表わした図様である。
- The raigo-zu, a national treasure kept in Chion-Temple, called 'Hayaraigo,' is officially called 'Amida Nijugo Bosatsu Raigozu' (Descent of Amida and Twenty-Five Attendants); it has a picture of Amida Nyorai coming over the mountain to take some people into the heavens which is explained in 'Kangyo' (Meditation Sutra).
- 「総讃」の２句に続く前半は、「依教段」と言われ『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』に依って明らかにされている、浄土往生の正因は信心であり、念仏は報恩行であることを説明し讃嘆している。
- The first half, which follows two phrases of 'Sosan,' is called 'Ekyodan' and states that the direct reason to be sent to the Pure Land is by people's faith; and that nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) is Hoongyo (act for repayment of kindness), which is defined based on 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra,' and praises it.
- 建武 (日本)2年（1335年）に中先代の乱の鎮圧のため勅状を得ないまま東国に出向いた足利尊氏が、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に鎌倉で独自に恩賞を与えるなど新政から離反する。
- In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had traveled to eastern Japan without obtaining an imperial edict in order to suppress the Nakasendai Rebellion, became disaffected with the new government and privately rewarded the swordsmen who had accompanied him to suppress the rebellion.
- なお、一旦改易された者が恩赦などを受ける場合もあったが、この場合の効果は改易される前の主君への再仕官が認められるという程度であり、改易前の禄高で復帰できた例は少なかった。
- There were some cases where those who were once subject to kaieki received amnesty, but it would only allow them to serve the lord that they had served before kaieki, and there were only a few cases in which they returned to their services and received the same amount of stipend as they had received before kaieki.
- 涅槃会（ねはんえ）は、涅槃講や涅槃忌とも称し、陰暦2月15日 (旧暦)、釈迦の入滅（にゅうめつ）の日に、日本や中国などで勤修される、釈迦の遺徳追慕と報恩のための法要である。
- Nehan-e, also referred to as Nehan-ko or Nehan-ki, is a Buddhist memorial service practiced in Japan and China on February 15 in the Chinese lunar calendar, the day when Shakyamuni entered Nirvana (died), to remember the illustrious memory of Shakamuni and repayment of a kindness.
- また徐々に南京条約をはじめとする諸条約は天朝が夷狄に与える恩寵であるというよりも、むしろ不平等条約であるということも意識されるようになり、その改正が外交目標となっていった。
- Against the thought that unequal treaties, starting Treaty of Nanking were grace given by the Qing dynasty, unequal sides of treaties were gradually recognized, and revision of those treaties was set as diplomatic objectives.
- 治承4年（1180年）8月の源頼朝挙兵では秀義の息子たちは頼朝に従い、重国は頼朝から加勢を打診されたが、伊勢平氏に対する旧恩から石橋山の戦いで平家方の大庭景親の軍に属した。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in August 1180, Hideyoshi's sons joined Yoritomo's army, and Shigekuni was asked by Yoritomo to also join his army, but Shigekuni participated in the army of Kagechika OBA, who took sides with Taira clan, in the Battle of Ishibashiyama out of his moral debt to Ise-Heishi (Taira clan).
- 土佐国住人夜須行宗が壇の浦の戦いでの恩賞を願ってきたとき、景時は夜須という者の名なぞ聞いたことがないと申し立て訴訟になり、証人が出て夜須の戦功が明らかになり景時は敗訴した。
- When a resident in Tosa Province, Yukimune YASU, applied for reward grants for the Battle of Dannoura, Kagetoki said that he had never heard the name of Yasu and it was taken to 'the court'; but a witness came out, Yasu's distinguished service in the battle was revealed and Kagetoki lost the case.
- 1248年2月2日（宝治元年12月29日 (旧暦)）- 宝治合戦の恩賞の沙汰があるとともに京都大番役の結番があり、泰綱も21番として3ヶ月間洛中にて警邏に当たることとなる。
- On February 2, 1248, there was an occasion to reward certain individuals over the Battle of Hoji, and it was the working day for the Imperial guard service in Kyoto; Yasutsuna joined the patrol as No. 21 guard for three months in Kyoto.
- 自然に存在し人間が恩恵を受ける太陽（お日様）、山河、森林、海などが崇拝の対象となり、身近なものとして巨石・岩や大木が祀られ、その依り代の証しとして、現在も注連縄が飾られる。
- Things from the natural world which bring blessings to humans, such as the sun (referred to in Japanese using the respectful term 'ohisama'), mountains, rivers, forests, and oceans, became the objects of worship, with people enshrining things they were familiar with, such as huge stones, rocks, and big trees and today, shimenawa (sacred rice-straw ropes) are still hung to indicate yorishiro.
- 鎌倉時代後期に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に加わり、鎌倉陥落に功績のあった上野国の新田義貞の妻になったいわれ、建武の新政を開始した後醍醐天皇が新田義貞への恩賞として与えたとされる。
- The reason why she became a wife of Yoshisada NITTA in Kozuke Province, who participated in Emperor Godaigo's activities for defeating the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and contributed to getting control of Kamakura, is said to be as follows: Emperor Godaigo who started the new government in the Kenmu era gave her to Yoshisada NITTA as a prize for his contribution.
- こうして民はみなギルガルへ行って、その所で主の前にサウルを王とし、酬恩祭を主の前にささげ、サウルとイスラエルの人々は皆、その所で大いに祝った。 (サムエル記上 11:15)
- All the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before Yahweh in Gilgal; and there they offered sacrifices of peace offerings before Yahweh; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly. (1 Samuel 11:15)
- しかし博多のように「屋台は日本の文化である」といった地域住民や行政の意思により、官民一体となって存続される地域も出始めていて、観光誘致や地域振興として様々な恩恵を齎している。
- However, in some areas such as Hakata, they are beginning to be kept alive by public and private support, with the will of local residents and the belief of government that 'yatai are part of the culture of Japan,' and they bring various benefits regarding tourism and regional promotion.
- 源平の間を揺れ動いたことで頼朝の疑念を招き、隆直への恩賞は守護に任じられた少弐氏や大友氏・島津氏に遠く及ばず、逆に多くの関東系御家人を本拠地周囲に配置され、その牽制を受けた。
- His inconstancy between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan caused Yoritomo's distrust, and he was granted a reward far less than those of the Shoni clan, the Otomo clan and the Shimazu clan, which were appointed Shugo (provincial governors), and on the contrary, Takanao came to be checked by the gokenin from Kanto provinces, who were placed around his home base.
- 9月3日、頼朝は源氏恩顧の武士である豊島氏当主の清元とその子葛西清重に海路をもって安房国へ参じるよう命じ、また在京中だった朝経には、その妻女に綿衣を進呈するように命じている。
- On September 30, Yoritomo ordered Kiyomoto who was the family head of the Toshima clan and favored by the Minamoto clan and his son, Kiyoshige KASAI, to go to Awa Province by sea and also ordered Asatsune who were in Kyoto to present cotton clothes to his wife and daughter.
- 九条 忠教（くじょう ただのり、宝治2年（1248年） - 正慶元年/元弘2年12月6日 (旧暦)（1332年12月24日））は鎌倉時代の公卿、従一位・関白、通称は報恩院殿。
- Tadanori KUJO (1248 - January 1, 1333) was a court noble of the Kamakura period, reaching the position of Kanpaku (chief advisor to the emperor) and Juichii (Junior First Rank); he was commonly called Hoonin-dono.
- 定慶の代表作として知られるものに、鞍馬寺（京都）の聖観音（しょうかんのん）像と、大報恩寺（京都）の六観音像6躯があり、鎌倉時代に流行した「宋風」の仏像の代表例として知られる。
- Known as the representative work of Jokei are the statue of Sho Kannon (Aryavalokitesvara) in Kurama-dera Temple (Kyoto), and the six statues of Roku Kannon (six Kannon) in Daihoon-ji Temple (Kyoto), all of which are the typical example of Buddhist statues of the 'Songs Style' in fashion during the Kamakura period.
- 尊氏は幕府成立後は民政のみならず軍権の一部まで弟の足利直義に譲って、半ば象徴的存在にもなっていたが、恩賞方の業務のみは自らが把握して親裁を行い、必要があれば審議にも参加した。
- After the establishment of the bakufu, Takauji transferred not only the civil administration, but also partial authority as a commander to his younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA for him to be a symbolic person, however, concerning the Onshogata, Takauji made the ultimate decision by understanding the work and participated in discussions when necessary.
- 後に御前沙汰は義詮の後継者である足利義満によって恩賞以外の重要事項も審議するとともに、将軍の個人的な人選によって選ばれた重臣・側近による事実上の最高諮問機関へと変化していく。
- Afterward, Gozensata was changed by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the successor of Yoshiakira, into the virtual highest advisory panel controlled by the chief vassals and close advisers personally chosen by the shogun, which discussed important matters besides administering Onsho awards.
- その遺言には、医学博士、民法学博士、法学博士、王立協会会員等たるヘンリー・ジキル氏が死亡した場合には、すべての所有物を“友人であり、恩があるエドワード・ハイド氏”に譲ること、
- it provided not only that, in case of the decease of Henry Jekyll, M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., etc., all his possessions were to pass into the hands of his 'friend and benefactor Edward Hyde,'
- そしモーゼはただ神の御意志の執行者であるとして、誰もモーゼのことは吟味しようとはしませんが、とはいっても、神と語らう価値のあるものとした恩寵だけでも、彼を称賛すべきでしょう。
- And although one may not discuss Moses, he having been a mere executor of the will of God, yet he ought to be admired, if only for that favour which made him worthy to speak with God.
- 元寇防衛に働いた九州御家人の恩賞・訴訟を判定するため、安達泰盛は九州に合議制の奉行（鎮西談議所）を置いていたが、頼綱はそれに代えて、得宗派で固めた新機関（鎮西探題）を設置した。
- Yasumori ADACHI established the magistrate's office of council system (Chinzeidangisho (magistrate's office of Kyushu region)) in Kyushu to judge Onsho (reward grants) and lawsuits for Kyushu gokenin who had worked for the defense of Japan against Mongol invasion attempts, but Yoritsuna, instead of this, founded a new institution (Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu)) which was managed only by the Tokuso party.
- 主に西国武士を率いて平氏を滅亡させた義経の多大な戦功は、恩賞を求めて頼朝に従っている東国武士達の戦功の機会を奪う結果になり、鎌倉政権の基盤となる東国御家人達の不満を噴出させた。
- Yoshitsune's remarkable military contributions in defeating the Taira clan were mainly achieved with the participation of the Saigoku (western Japan) warriors, and this lead to a deprivation of Togoku (eastern Japan) warriors' opportunities to render distinguished services, and consequently, provoked the discontent of the lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) of eastern Japan.
- 同年末、実兄マキノ正博のプロデュースで夫のマキノ真三が恩師の辻吉郎とともに監督した『海賊旗吹っ飛ぶ』で映画に復帰するも、「劇団なでしこ」を結成して、舞台劇の地方巡業にいそしむ。
- At the end of 1943, she made a comeback as an actress with the movie 'Kaizokuki Futtobu' directed by her husband Shinzo MAKINO and Shinzo's master Yoshiro TSUJI, produced by Shinzo's elder brother Masahiro MAKINO, and she also formed a theatrical troupe 'Gekidan Nadeshiko,' becoming active on the troupe's provincial tour.
- 以後も三成とは親密で、後年、関ヶ原の後に三成の次男重成を保護したり、高台院の養女になっていた三成の三女辰姫を息子の津軽信牧の妻に迎えているのは、それに対する報恩という説もある。
- Tamenobu remained close to Mitsunari thereafter, and some say that he later protected Mitsunari's second son Shigenari after the Battle of Sekigahara, and took Mitsunari's third daughterTatsuhime, who had been an adopted daughter of Kodaiin, as the wife of his son Nobuhira TSUGARU, as a token of gratitude.
- 翌日には、浅田賢介教授、井上密教授、岡松参太郎教授、織田萬教授、島文次郎教授、田島錦治教授、仁井田益太郎教授らが参加して謝恩会が開催され、知恩院桜門前で卒業記念撮影会開かれた。
- The next day there was a graduation party with professors Kensuke ASADA, Hisoka INOUE, Santaro OKAMATSU, Mitsuru ODA, Bunjiro SHIMA, Kinji TAJIMA and Masutaro NIIDA, and commemorative graduation pictures were taken in front of Chion-in Temple Sakura-mon (Sakura Gate).
- 1615年に浄土宗が江戸に開設した関東十八檀林の流れを汲んで1868年に知恩院山内に設けた仮勧学場が前身である（従って1868年を創基とし、知恩院三門前に「建学の碑」がある）。
- In 1615, the Jodo Sect established Kanto-Juhachi-Danrin in Edo, which grew to be a temporary Kangaku-ba, which was established in 1868 in Chioninzan (thus the establishment of the school was in 1968, and the 'monument to the school's establishment' is in front of Chion-in Sanmon).
- 1つの作品でもっとも巻数が多いのは京都・知恩院と奈良・当麻寺奥院の『法然上人絵伝』で、いずれも全48巻の大作である（「48」という数字は阿弥陀如来の「四十八願」にちなんだもの）。
- 'Honen Shonin Eden' of both Chionin Temple in Kyoto and Okuin of Taima-dera Temples in Nara (deepest located temple house of Taima-dera Temple) have the largest number of scrolls of an emakimono work, namely 'forty-eight,' which number is compared to 'forty-eight vows' of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata).
- 例えば、祖父母・父母、夫の祖父母・父母をなぐり、また殺傷する罪を悪逆のなかにいれて、恩赦のさいにもこれをゆるさない規定を設けているのは、儒教の道徳を法制化したものにほかならない。
- For example, including the crimes of striking, killing and wounding of grandparents, parents, grandparents, and parents of a husband as atrocities, and setting up rules for not permitting amnesty, is nothing more than the legislation of Confucian morals.
- そこで嘉永4年（1851年）に老中阿部正弘は寺社奉行脇坂安宅（龍野藩）・勘定奉行池田頼方・南町奉行遠山景元（金四郎）に命じて恩赦に関する公式な法令を制定することを命じたのである。
- In 1851 the senior councilor Masahiro ABE called commissioner of shrines and temples Yasuori WAKISAKA (Tatsuno domain), finance commissioner Yoritaka IKEDA and South Edo magistrate Kagemoto TOYAMA (Kinshiro) and ordered them to lay down an official law on pardon.
- が、近世に入ると公儀による土地支配体制が築かれ、武士の所領は全て恩給地となり、農民の耕地は全て検地帳に登録・管理されるようになったために、年紀法が成立する余地が無くなっていった。
- However, in the recent times, the land ruling system by the kogi (shogunate) was established, which made all the territory of samurai onkyuchi (land awarded by the lord), and all the agricultural land of peasants were registered in and managed by the cadastral register, so there was no room left for the Nenkiho to enact.
- 三千家は利休の養子となった宗恩の連れ子千少庵の系譜であり、大徳寺の渇食であったその息子 千宗旦が還俗して家を再興し、現在の表千家・裏千家の地所である京都の本法寺前に屋敷を構えた。
- The three SEN families are the lineage of Shoan, adopted son of Rikyu, and Shoan's son SEN no Sotan, who had served the Daitoku-ji Temple as Kasshiki but returned to secular life and reestablished the SEN family, setting up his residence in front of Honpo-ji Temple in Kyoto, which belongs to the Omotesenke and Urasenke now.
- また、左馬頭はその位階以上に武門にとってはそれこそ武士の棟梁にも比されるほどの重要な官位であるから、それへの任官は妥当、むしろ破格な恩賞であるという意見も近年では提示されている。
- According to recent theory, the status of sama no kami was a very important one for a samurai like a toryo (leader of samurai), therefore, the achievement of sama no kami constitutes preferential treatment.
- このとき、豊臣恩顧の有力大名であるうえ、父と正室が在京していたため、その去就が注目されたが、東軍に入ることをいち早く表明したため、他の豊臣恩顧の大名に影響を与えたと言われている。
- At that time, Tadaoki was an influential daimyo (feudal lord) of Toyotomi and had his wife and father in Kyoto, and so the other daimyo were paying close attention to his next move, however, the prompt announcement of his intention to join the Eastern army is therefore said to have influenced other daimyos who has been under Toyotomi's patronage.
- その頃、庸之助をはじめとする香取郡の人々は利根川の洪水防止策を求めていたが、利根川の恩恵を受けられずに水不足に苦しむ房総半島の人々はこれに強く反発して、地域間の対立を生じていた。
- In those days, while the people of Katori County including Yonosuke were requiring the measures to prevent floods of the Tone-gawa River, the people of the Boso Peninsula who were not able to enjoy the benefit of the Tone-gawa River and were suffering from water shortages were reacting against this, so that the confrontation between the districts had arisen.
- 伝説歴史上の剛勇な人物などではなく、当代の人物である谷衛友にわざわざ似せて作られた頬当て(仮面)という品であり、それが他家で恩賞として使われるほど価値があり、貰ったほうも嬉しい。
- The visor was made after not a legendary or historical man of bravery but Moritomo TANI, who was a person existing at that time, and it was so valuable that it could be used in another family as an award and the person who received was happy with it.
- 彼はその酬恩祭の犠牲のうちから、火祭を主にささげなければならない。すなわちその脂肪、背骨に接して切り取る脂尾の全部、内臓をおおう脂肪と内臓の上のすべての脂肪、 (レビ記 3:9)
- He shall offer from the sacrifice of peace offerings an offering made by fire to Yahweh; its fat, the entire tail fat, he shall take away close to the backbone; and the fat that covers the inwards, and all the fat that is on the inwards, (Leviticus 3:9)
- これがためにイスラエルのすべての人々すなわち全軍はベテルに上って行って泣き、その所で主の前に座して、その日夕暮まで断食し、燔祭と酬恩祭を主の前にささげた。 (士師記 20:26)
- Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came to Bethel, and wept, and sat there before Yahweh, and fasted that day until evening; and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before Yahweh. (Judges 20:26)
- ただし、『兵範記』保元元年8月27日の記事では為朝を捕縛した平家貞が特別に恩賞にあずかっており、為朝が崇徳院に味方した武士のなかでも特別な存在であったとみなされていた可能性は高い。
- However, an article in 'Heihan-ki' dated August 27, 1156, says that TAIRA no Iesada, who had captured Tametomo, received a special reward; this indicates that Tametomo was probably considered a particularly important man among the warriors who had sided with Sutoku.
- 『大日本史』巻85（后妃列伝12）によると、『新葉和歌集』巻16（雑1）にある、嘉喜門院が女御となるときに「福恩寺前関白内大臣」と呼ばれる人物が「禁中月」という題で詠んだ歌がある。
- 'Dainihonshi' (Great History of Japan) vol. 85 (Biographies of Consorts vol. 12) said that a poem on the given theme of 'the moon seen from the Imperial court' was composed by a person called 'Fukuonji former Chancellor Inner Minister' when Kakimon-in became the nyogo, and it was collected in 'Shinyo Wakashu' (Collection of New Leaves) vol.16 (Miscellaneous 1).
- ソロモンが目をさましてみると、それは夢であった。そこで彼はエルサレムへ行き、主の契約の箱の前に立って燔祭と酬恩祭をささげ、すべての家来のために祝宴を設けた。 (列王紀1 3:15)
- Solomon awoke; and behold, it was a dream. Then he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, and offered up burnt offerings, offered peace offerings, and made a feast to all his servants. (1 Kings 3:15)
- それだから、人々は、君主を守るために自分の家を焼かれ、その財産を破壊された今こそ、君主は彼らに恩義を感じていると思い、ますます自分たちの君主と一体化しようという覚悟を固めるのです。
- and therefore they are so much the more ready to unite with their prince, he appearing to be under obligations to them now that their houses have been burnt and their possessions ruined in his defence.
- ところが過激な憲政擁護派らが上野恩賜公園や神田などで桂内閣をあからさまに批判する集会を開き、その集会での演説に興奮した国民の一部が国会議事堂に押し寄せるという事件を起こしたのである。
- Radical factions of the Kensei Yogo Group, however, held rallies in the Ueno Onshi Koen Park and on the streets in Kanda to bluntly criticize the KATSURA cabinet, and this event caused some of the citizens excited by the speeches at the rallies to throng to the Diet building.
- 教会から戻った珠は大坂に滞在していたイエズス会士グレゴリオ・デ・セスペデス神父の計らいで密かに洗礼を受け、ガラシャ（Gratia、ラテン語で恩寵・神の恵みの意）という洗礼名を受けた。
- After coming back from the church, Father Gregorio de Sespedes, a Jesuit staying in Osaka, arranged a secret baptism for Tama and she received the Christian name 'Garasha', a Japanized form of Gracia (from Gratia, meaning grace and blessing in Latin).
- 鬼の名を取るように、法に対して厳格な人物で他人に対しても厳しかったが、恩賞に対しては公平清廉で、法令に対しても仮名書きでわかりやすく書いて民衆に触れやすいように記したと言われている。
- Clear from his naming of Oni (Japanese demon or fearless), he was a man who played by the books when it came to the rule of law and he was also strict with others as well, but he was fair and honest regarding the distribution of rewards, plus, he wrote the laws in kana (the Japanese syllabaries) and made the interpretation simple for the convenience of the general public.
- 75C号経路の沿線の工場には日本ルナ（上津屋）や恩地食品（岩田南）、大日本印刷（池嶋）、明治乳業京都工場/住江工業（バス部品メーカー。以上中島橋）等と言った著名なものも立地している。
- The surrounding area of the Route No. 75C has some of major construction such as 'Nihon Luna,' (Kozuya) 'Onchi Foods,' (Iwata Minami) 'Dai-Nippon Printing,' (Ikejima) 'Meiji Dairy Foods Kyoto Factory,' 'Sumie Industrial' (a vehicle parts manufacture of buses. There is a bus stop named 'Nakajimabashi')
- 平安最末期に関東武士全体を代表する鎌倉殿という地位が登場すると、御恩と奉公に基づく主従関係は、次第に排他的（鎌倉殿以外の主人を持たない）かつ永続的なものとなり、一層強固になっていった。
- Towards the end of the Heian period when the position heading all samurai in the Kanto region, called Kamakura-dono, was introduced, the master-servant relationship based on goon and hoko gradually became exclusive (not allowed to have any master other than the kamakura-dono) and permanent, making the relationship stronger.
- 軍役は広義には民衆に課せられる夫役のうちの兵役なども含まれるが、狭義には封建制度における「御恩と奉公」の関係において、知行地の安堵（御恩）と引き替えに主君に軍事的奉公を行うことである。
- In a broad sense, gunyaku meant conscription which included the labor service that was imposed on the people; but in a narrow sense, gunyaku referred to a retainer's offering of military service to the lord in exchange for recognition and guarantee of ownership of the fief (debt) in the relationship of 'debts and service' in the feudal system.
- 弘安の役後、幕府は元軍の再度の襲来に備えて御家人の統制を進めたが、文永の役に続き弘安の役においても十分な恩賞給与がなされなかったため、戦費で窮迫した御家人達は借金に苦しむようになった。
- After Koan no Eki, in order to prepare for the next attack by the Yuan army, bakufu tried to strengthen its control over the vassals, but the vassals came to live in debt because they did not receive sufficient rewards in Koan no Eki as well as Bunei no Eki.
- 鎌倉幕府と「御恩と奉公」と呼ばれる主従関係で結ばれた御家人が受けていた御恩の実態は、幕府から与えられあるいは権利を保障された所領及びこれに付随する所職（職の体系を参照のこと）であった。
- Shogunal retainers who were in a master-servant relationship called 'favor and service' with the Kamakura bakufu received from the bakufu the favor which in fact was the territories given, or of which the ownership is guaranteed, by the bakufu and accompanying right of an officer governing manors (refer to the Shiki System).
- 亀の恩返し（報恩）と言うモチーフを取るようになったのも『御伽草子』以降のことで、乙姫、竜宮城、玉手箱が登場するのも中世であり、『御伽草子』の出現は浦島物語にとって大きな変換点であった。
- The motif of the turtle returning the favor in gratitude was established after 'Otogi zosh,i' and moreover, Otohime, Ryugu-jo Castle, and the tamatebako (Urashima's casket) appeared in the Medieval period, and so the appearance of 'Otogi zoshi' marked a considerable change in the tale of Urashima.
- むしろ義鎮時代は有力家臣へ恩賞として与える領土が不足し、寺社領の没収や領地の代わりに杏葉紋（大友氏の使用した家紋）の使用権を与えるなどして代用するなど経済状況は決して良くはなかった）。
- With a shortage of territory to give to strong vassals as reward grants in the Yoshishige era, economic circumstances were not good, for example, giving the license for using the pattern of gyoyo (a type of crest) (the family crest which the Otomo clan used) instead of confiscating the territory of temples and shrines or giving territories).
- そうでなくとも、国分胤通が陸奥で恩賞を得ながら下総に留まったとみる説はもとより、胤通の移住まで肯定する説も、系図の詳細を信用しているわけではないので、胤茂の実在性にはやはり疑問が残る。
- Even considering other possible theories, one that presumes he continued to stay in Shimousa in spite of the reward grants in Mutsu and another that presumes that he relocated to Mutsu, the existence of Tanemochi is still doubtful due to unreliable data of the family trees.
- 承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱に際しては幕府首脳部一員として最高方針の決定に加わり、尼将軍北条政子が御家人たちに頼朝以来の恩顧を訴え、京方を討伐するよう命じた演説文を景盛が代読した。
- When the Jokyu War occurred in 1221, Kagemori participated in the decision of most important policy as a member of leadership team of bakufu; and read the speech by proxy in which the ama shogun (nun warlord) Masako HOJO pled with gokenin for taking favorable actions as in the time of Yoritomo and ordered to subdue kyogata (the Kyoto side or supporters of the Imperial court in Kyoto).
- もっとも、相伝であっても他者からの侵奪を避けるために有力権門である本家・本所による保障を受ける例や恩領であったものが長年の奉公の褒賞として相伝として本家・本所から認められる例もあった。
- Note that, there were such exceptions that, in order to avoid being plundered by others, a soden was secured by the powerful honke and honjo, and that an onryo was approved as a soden by the honke and honjo, as a reward for longtime service.
- 応仁の乱後、白旗派の手によって再興された知恩院は天正3年（1575年）に正親町天皇より浄土宗本寺としての承認を受け、諸国の浄土宗僧侶への香衣付与・剥奪の権限を与えられた（「毀破綸旨」）。
- Chion-in, which was revived by Shirohata-ha after the Onin War, was admitted as the head temple of Jodo Shu by Emperor Ogimachi in 1575 and given authority to grant or deny vestments to Jodo Shu monks in Japan ('Kiharinji').
- 時行軍を駆逐した尊氏は後醍醐天皇の帰京命令を拒否してそのまま鎌倉に居を据え、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に独自に恩賞を与えたり、関東にあった新田氏の領地を勝手に没収するなど新政から離反する。
- Takauji, after destroying Tokiyuki's army, violated Emperor Godaigo's order to return to the capital and installed himself in Kamakura instead; having become alienated from the new government, he showed his disaffection by bestowing unique rewards on the officers and men who had fought with him to put down the rebellion, and by willfully seizing the territory of the Nitta clan in the Kanto (eastern Japan).
- 合戦の終息した12月29日恩賞の除目があり、頼盛が尾張守、重盛が伊予守、宗盛が遠江守、教盛が越中守、経盛が伊賀守にそれぞれ任じられ、平氏一門の知行国は乱の前の5ヶ国から7ヶ国に増加した。
- A session granting awards was held on February 15, just after the battle ended; at this session, Yorimori was made governor of Owari Province, Shigemori of Iyo Province, Munemori of Totomi Province, Norimori of Ecchu Province, and Tsunemori of Iga Province, meaning that following the battle, the Taira's control over chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) increased from five provinces to seven.
- 結果的に政宗への恩賞は、仙台開府の許可と陸奥国刈田郡（白石）合わせて2万石の加増のみにとどまり、領地は60万石となった（後に近江国と常陸国に小領土の飛び地2万石の加増で62万石となる）。
- In the end, the rewards granted to Masamune were limited to the permission of establishing Sendai Domain, along with the territorial gain of 20,000 koku by adding Katta District (Shiroishi) in Mutsu Province; his territorial land value became 600,000 koku in total (later, he acquired additional small and scattered territories in Omi Province and Hitachi Province, making his territorial land value to 620,000 koku in total).
- （『日本三代実録』によると國道は805年に恩赦されて京に帰っており京で出生したという説、また善男は元来は佐渡の郡司の従者で後に大伴氏の養子になったという説（『宇治拾遺物語』など）がある）
- (According to 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (lit. the True History of Three Reigns of Japan), Yoshio was born in Kyoto in 805 when his father Kunimichi had already been pardoned and returned to Kyoto, but another story in the 'Tale of Ujishui' says that Yoshio was originally a servant of gunji (the local administrative official) of Sado and was later adopted by the Otomo clan.)
- だが、1861年に教恩寺の壁に七言絶句「本是神州清潔民 謬為仏奴説同塵 如今棄仏仏休咎 本是神州清潔民」を書き残して出奔、大和国法隆寺村東福寺の駒塚の茅屋に住み、勤王志士として活動した。
- But in 1861, he ran away, leaving behind shichigon zekku (a Chinese poem of four lines, each of seven characters) scripted on the wall of Kyoon-ji Temple that read 'Although I essentially value the purity of Japan, which is a divine land/I made an error and became a priest to preach Buddhism/Now I am going to abandon ascetic practices, but do not accuse me Buddha,/For I essentially value the purity of Japan, which is a divine land,' and lived in a thatched-roof hut in Komazuka, Tofuku-ji, Horyu-ji Village in Yamato Province and involved in activities as a loyal supporter of the Emperor.
- その地位を確保し、自ら君主になり、これまでは同意によって与えられてきたものを、他人に恩義も感じずに、暴力で奪い取ろうと慎重に決意を固めると、カルタゴ人のハミルカルの合意を取りつけました。
- Being established in that position, and having deliberately resolved to make himself prince and to seize by violence, without obligation to others, that which had been conceded to him by assent, he came to an understanding for this purpose with Hamilcar, the Carthaginian,
- Being established in that position, and having deliberately resolved to make himself prince and to seize by violence, without obligation to others, that which had been conceded to him by assent, he came to an understanding for this purpose with Amilcar, the Carthaginian,
- 文面は、冒頭の挨拶、『摩訶止観』のお礼、比叡山には行けない旨を告げたあとに、「あなた（最澄）と修円（推定）と私の3人が集まって、仏教の根本問題を語り合い仏教活動を盛んにして仏恩に報いたい。
- The letter started with the greeting at the beginning, followed by an expression of thanks for giving Kukai 'Makashikan' (Mahayana Practice of Cessation and Contemplation) and an apology for not being able to go to Mt.Hiei; additionally it says, 'I would like to get together with you (Saicho) and Shuen (presumably) to talk over the principal issues of Buddhism and spread the Buddhism movement in gratitude for the grace of Buddha.
- 上野隆徳は、備前常山城主として臨済宗豊岳山久昌寺を再興しているが、上野氏の菩提寺であった報恩寺(倉敷市真備町)には、隆徳とその室で三村家親の息女・鶴姫の当時からの位牌が、今も祭られている。
- While Takatoku UENO restored the Hogakusan Kyusho-ji Temple of the Rinzai sect as the lord of the Bizen Tsuneyama-jo Castle, the original ancestral tablets of Takatoku and his wife, Tsuruhime, a daughter of the MIMURA family, are still placed in Hoon-ji Temple, the Ueno clan's family temple (Mabi-cho Kurashiki City).
- 「運上は領主が負担者に命じて納めさせるものであるが、冥加は負担者が領主による冥加である国恩に対する自主的な奉納の体裁を採っていた（もっともそれが本当に自主的であるかどうかは別問題である）」
- 'While Unjo was paid by tax payers according to the order of lords, Myoga was paid voluntarily in the form of an offering for kokuon, Myoga given by the lords (however, it is another matter whether it was really paid voluntarily).'
- 不平等条約における片務的最恵国待遇についても、当初は不平等であるという意識すらなく、「一視同仁」（中国はそれ以外の夷狄を平等に扱う）という儒教的観点から中華が夷狄に与える恩恵と考えていた。
- With regards to one-sided most-favored-nation treatment based on unequal treaties, it was not considered unfair at first but as benefits for iteki given by China based on a thought '一視同仁' (China treats all iteki equally).
- 弘安4年（1281年）、蒙古の第二次侵攻である弘安の役では、安達盛宗（泰盛の子）の指揮下において、志賀島や壱岐国の海戦で敵の軍船に斬り込む等の活躍をして軍功を挙げ、多大な恩賞を与えられた。
- In 1281 after the Koan War (the second Mongolian attempt to invade Japan), Suenaga was awarded a massive amount of compensations by cutting his way into enemy vessels in a naval battle in the Shikanoshima Island and Iki Province under the direction of Morimune ADACHI (a son of Yasumori).
- 慶長12年（1607年）に照直が嗣子がないまま病死し、そのため、義直は再び家督に復し、嗣子となるべき血族を探し養うよう恩命を受け、外孫の杉浦直為の子の一色直氏 (幸手一色氏)を養子にした。
- When Terunao died of illness without an heir in 1607, Yoshinao became the head of the family again, and was given the order to find and foster someone who was to be an heir among relatives; then he adopted Naouji ISSHIKI (Satte-Isshiki clan), son of Naotame SUGIURA who was his grandson from a daughter married into another family.
- 祭壇の上の火は、そこに燃え続かせ、それを消してはならない。祭司は朝ごとに、たきぎをその上に燃やし、燔祭をその上に並べ、また酬恩祭の脂肪をその上で焼かなければならない。 (レビ記 6:12)
- The fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it, it shall not go out; and the priest shall burn wood on it every morning: and he shall lay the burnt offering in order upon it, and shall burn on it the fat of the peace offerings. (Leviticus 6:12)
- 酬恩祭の犠牲に使う雄牛は合わせて二十四、雄羊は六十、雄やぎは六十、一歳の雄の小羊は六十であって、これは祭壇に油を注いだ後に、祭壇奉納の供え物としてささげたものである。 (民数記 7:88)
- and all the cattle for the sacrifice of peace offerings twenty-four bulls, the rams sixty, the male goats sixty, the male lambs a year old sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after it was anointed. (Numbers 7:88)
- ヒゼキヤは祭司およびレビびとの班を定め、班ごとにおのおのその勤めに従って、祭司とレビびとに燔祭と酬恩祭をささげさせ、主の営の門で勤めをし、感謝をし、さんびをさせた。 (歴代志2 31:2)
- Hezekiah appointed the divisions of the priests and the Levites after their divisions, every man according to his service, both the priests and the Levites, for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, to minister, and to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the camp of Yahweh. (2 Chronicles 31:2)
- しかし、君主が堂々として一方の側に味方することを明らかにすると、もし同盟した側が勝てば、勝者がどんなに強力で、彼がそのなすがままであったとしても、勝者は彼に恩義があり、友愛の絆を結びます。
- But when a prince declares himself gallantly in favour of one side, if the party with whom he allies himself conquers, although the victor may be powerful and may have him at his mercy, yet he is indebted to him, and there is established a bond of amity;
- But when a prince declares himself gallantly in favour of one side, if the party with whom he allies himself conquers, although the victor may be powerful and may have him at his mercy, yet he is indebted to him, and there is established a bond of amity;
- 幕府滅亡後に後醍醐天皇により開始された建武の新政において、河内国の豪族楠木正成らとともに天皇近侍の武士となり、記録所や武者所、恩賞方や雑訴決断所などの役人を務め、帆掛け船の家紋を与えられる。
- After the destruction of the bakufu, Emperor Godaigo inaugurated the Kenmu Restoration, where Nagatoshi became a samurai retainer to serve the emperor together with Masashige KUSUNOKI, a local ruling family in Kawachi Province, and served as officers at the Land Record Office, the warrior's office, the office of rewards, and the court of pleas; he was awarded a family crest which featured a sailboat.
- また、そのすべての脂肪は、酬恩祭の犠牲の脂肪と同じように、祭壇の上で焼かなければならない。こうして、祭司が彼のためにその罪のあがないをするならば、彼はゆるされるであろう。 (レビ記 4:26)
- All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven. (Leviticus 4:26)
- わたしはイスラエルの人々の酬恩祭の犠牲のうちから、その揺祭の胸と挙祭のももを取って、祭司アロンとその子たちに与え、これをイスラエルの人々から永久に彼らの受くべき分とする。 (レビ記 7:34)
- For the waved breast and the heaved thigh I have taken from the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel.'' (Leviticus 7:34)
- やもめに子か孫かがある場合には、これらの者に、まず自分の家で孝養をつくし、親の恩に報いることを学ばせるべきである。それが、神のみこころにかなうことなのである。 (テモテヘの第一の手紙 5:4)
- But if any widow has children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety towards their own family, and to repay their parents, for this is {TR adds 'good and'} acceptable in the sight of God. (1 Timothy 5:4)
- 文久9年（1272年）（親鸞入滅より10年後）、親鸞の弟子たちの協力を得た覚信尼により、「大谷」の地より吉水の北辺（現、崇泰院（そうたいいん）〔知恩院塔頭〕付近）に改葬し「大谷廟堂」を建立する。
- In 1272 (10 years after Shinran's death), with the help of Shinran's followers, Kakushinni moved the tomb of Shinran at 'Otani' to the north of Yoshimizu (near the present Sotai-in (Chion-in Tacchu)) and constructed a hall called 'Otani byodo.'
- 一説によると、本能寺の変の際、堺市から三河国へ帰国する家康に同行した河内の土豪で、家康の警護をした恩賞として、旧領復帰（2,000石）と加増（2,000石）で4,000石の旗本になったともいう。
- According to a theory, it is also thought that Kiemon Masafusa KAINOSHO was a local clan in Kawachi that was appointed as hatamoto of 4000 koku (2000 of them was the regain of the former territory and the rest 2000 was a raise) as a reward for having served as Ieyasu's guard.
- 同年末、義弘は少弐氏討伐を命じられ、筑前国で戦い弟の大内満弘が討死するがその子への恩賞の沙汰が無く不満を募らせ、更に義満が裏で少弐氏と菊地氏に義弘を討つように命じていたとの噂があり憤慨していた。
- At the end of that same year (1397) Yoshihiro was ordered to strike down the Shoni clan, and began fighting with them in Chikuzen Province only to lose his younger brother Mitsuhiro OUCHI in battle, and worse still, no order was given to reward the fallen Mitsuhiro's son for his father's sacrifice, only increasing Yoshihiro's discontent; but what provoked his indignation still more was the rumor that Yoshimitsu had secretly commanded the Shoni and Kikuchi clans to strike down Yoshihiro.
- 執権北条時宗の代に2度に渡る元寇があり、鎌倉幕府はこれを撃退したが、他国との戦役であり新たに領土を得たわけではなかったため、十分な恩賞を与えることができず、これもまた武士たちの不満を強めさせた。
- During the time of the regent Tokimune HOJO, Japan was twice invaded by the Mongols, and although the Kamakura bakufu managed to repel both invasions, it was an international conflict and thus there was no enemy land to confiscate and award to their soldiers, leaving them unable to provide suitable rewards, something that only strengthened malcontent among the warrior class.
- 1284年に弘安の徳政、さらに1297年に永仁の徳政令を実施して没落する御家人の救済を図ったが、恩賞不足や商人が御家人への金銭貸し出しを渋るなど、かえって御家人の不満と混乱を招く結果に終わった。
- The bakufu did try to save such financially ruined gokenin by ordering two rounds of debt forgiveness, the 1284 Koan Tokusei ('benevolent rule,' a euphemism for the mass forgiving of debts) and then the 1297 Einin Tokusei, but as they could not provide sufficient rewards and yet were reluctant to allow merchants to loan money to gokenin, the bakufu's efforts only ended up exacerbating disgruntlement among the gokenin, inviting further chaos and disorder.
- そしてその人は供え物を主にささげなければならない。すなわち、一歳の雄の小羊の全きもの一頭を燔祭とし、一歳の雌の小羊の全きもの一頭を罪祭とし、雄羊の全きもの一頭を酬恩祭とし、 (民数記 6:14)
- and he shall offer his offering to Yahweh, one male lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering, and one ewe lamb a year old without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings, (Numbers 6:14)
- 経覚は宗派こそ違ったものの、母方の実家である本願寺との関係が深く、7世存如が死去した際には「50年来の知己で無双の恩人あった」と述べて本願寺に弔問の使者を送り、後日自身で大谷本願寺を弔問している。
- Although Kyokaku was not from Hongan-ji Temple school, as his mother came from there he had a strong relationship with Hongan-ji Temple, and when Zonnyo the seventh died he sent a messenger to make a call of condolence to the temple, stating 'Zonnyo was a peerless friend and a benefactor who I have known for fifty years,' and he visited Otani Hongan-ji Temple himself later on.
- いまご逝去の報に接し、天下はみな悲しんでいるが、朝夕法皇の徳に慣れ、法皇の恩によって名利を得た輩はなおさらである」形式的な悲しみの言葉を使いながらも、仏教帰依を非難し、近臣の悲しみを嘲笑している。
- The whole nation is in sorrow after hearing about the Emperor's death, especially people who were with the Emperor and were looked after in many ways from morning to night, and who endeavored to achieve a higher position with the Emperor's support,' although the formal words or morning were being used, he criticized the Emperor for becoming a believer in Buddhism and made fun of the sorrow his close aides expressed.
- 唐や宋の荘園には不輸不入の権限は存在しなかったものの、皇帝からの恩賜地は租税を減免され、官僚所有の荘園には免役特権が存在したため、農民が重い税負担から逃れるために荘園を官僚に寄進する例も見られた。
- The shoens during the Tang and Sung dynasty did not have the right of tax exemption and the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property, but the lands from the Emperor were exempt from taxation and the shoens owned by bureaucrats had the right of tax exemptions and so some farmers donated their shoens to the bureaucrats so as to escape from heavy tax burden.
- 地方町村部では場所により昭和に入る頃まで明かりといえば菜種油で行灯を灯し、郵便や電信など西洋化の恩恵は中々届かず、また長らく江戸後期の伝統や風習が続くなど、生活の変化は遥かに緩やかなものであった。
- In rural conditions of local towns and villages, the transition of the lifestyle was much more gradual and slow as the tradition and customs of the late Edo period lasted far longer; people in some area used paper-shaded lamp using rapeseed oil until the beginning of Showa period, and the benefit of those new Western systems such as a new postal service and telegraph communication were not effectively introduced and utilized until much later years.
- 以後、西欧と同じ「文明国」（＝富強国）とならなければ、不平等条約を解消し、「万国公法」の恩典には与れないという考えが広がっていき、西欧列強をモデルとした富国強兵改革が推進される思想的要因となった。
- Later, as spreading of thought that to be a civilized country (equal to a strong country) was necessary to dissolve unequal treaties and reap a benefit of 'Bankoku Koho,' the thought became a factor to promote fukoku kyohei reform (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) aiming powerful western countries.
- 御家人は将軍から守護・地頭などに任命されて所領を安堵され、平民百姓に対する公事の負担を免除されるなどの保護を受けており、その代償として御家人役と呼ばれる各種の公事を負担したのである（御恩と奉公）。
- Gokenin was appointed as shugo or jito by shogun to be approved their shoryo (territory), and also given a protection such as exemption of kuji that were supposed to be imposed to commoners and peasants, but as a compensation, they bore different kinds of kuji called gokeninyaku (favour and service).
- 『吾妻鏡』では頼盛の名が出る9例中、8例までが頼朝との関連で言及されているので（頼盛単独では、治承4年5月16日条の以仁王の子を連行した記事のみ）、頼朝の恩情を語るための素材になっている感がある。
- In the 'Azuma Kagami,' eight cases out of nine in which Yorimori is referred to mention his name in respect of his relationship with Yoritomo (the only reference to Yorimori alone, is in an entry for May 16 in the fourth year of the Jisho era recounting his taking the child of Mochihitoo), and it appears as if Yorimori was used as material to depict Yoritomo's benevolence.
- 宝亀10年（779年）5月1日に、妻の紀朝臣多継、息子の坂上忌寸氏成、娘の秋穂の三人が、故出羽介従五位下勲四等坂上忌寸石楯大夫の厚恩に報じるために、大般若波羅蜜多経1部600巻を写経しておさめた。
- On May 25, 779, three people, Iwatate's wife, Kinoasontatsugu, his son, Kisunujinari SAKANOUE, and his daughter, Akiho made a hand-written copy of a text of Daihannya-haramitsuta in 600 volumes and dedicated that to the late Assistant Governor of Dewa Province, Jugoinoge, and Fourth Order of Merit bearer, Iwatate SAKANOUEKISUN.
- 建武3年（延元元年/1336年）、建武政府を倒した足利尊氏は直ちに後の室町幕府となる新政府の樹立を図り、足利将軍家の家宰である執事高師直を頭人とする恩賞方（恩沢方（おんたくがた）とも）を設置した。
- In 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had overthrown the Kenmu government, aiming to establish a new government, which later became the Muromachi bakufu, set up the Onshogata (also called Ontakugata) by appointing KO no Moronao as the tonin, who was a high minister of the Ashikaga shogun family and Takauji's steward.
- その日、王は主の宮の前にある庭の中を聖別し、その所で燔祭と素祭と酬恩祭の脂肪をささげた。これは主の前にある青銅の祭壇が素祭と酬恩祭の脂肪とを受けるに足りなかったからである。 (列王紀1 8:64)
- The same day the king made the middle of the court holy that was before the house of Yahweh; for there he offered the burnt offering, and the meal offering, and the fat of the peace offerings, because the bronze altar that was before Yahweh was too little to receive the burnt offering, and the meal offering, and the fat of the peace offerings. (1 Kings 8:64)
- そしてヒゼキヤは主の勤めによく通じているすべてのレビびとを深くねぎらった。こうして人々は酬恩祭の犠牲をささげ、その先祖の神、主に感謝して、七日のあいだ祭の供え物を食べた。 (歴代志2 30:22)
- Hezekiah spoke comfortably to all the Levites who had good understanding in the service of Yahweh. So they ate throughout the feast for the seven days, offering sacrifices of peace offerings, and making confession to Yahweh, the God of their fathers. (2 Chronicles 30:22)
- 亀山院政下の弘安7年5月20日 (旧暦)（1284年7月4日）、同年6月25日 (旧暦)（8月7日）に鎮西神領興行回復令が元寇に対する恩賞として出され、売却、質入済の旧神領の無償回復が打ち出された。
- On July 4, 1284 when Cloistered Emperor Kameyama had the virtual reins of government, Chinzei Shinryo Kogyo Kaifukurei (Order to Restore Rituals in Shrine Estates in Kyushu) was issued on August 7 in the same year to reward those who had contributed to the victory against Genko, and recovery of former shrine estates already sold or pledged by then was made possible gratis under this order.
- これに対して、比較的余裕を有していた江戸幕府では地方直を行って旗本の知行を蔵米知行から地方知行に改めることでこれまでの働きに対する恩賞として、旗本たちの歓心買うとともに将軍への忠誠を高めようとした。
- On the other hand, the Edo bakufu, which had relatively affluent resources, tried to win the favor of hatamoto, and at the same time, to raise their allegiance by changing the provision form of chigyo to hatamoto from kuramaichigyo to jigatachigyo, and applied jikata-naoshi to them in the name of the reward for their past achievements and services.
- 豊臣秀吉の臣として大坂城にいた織田信長の弟織田長益（有楽斎）は、摂津国嶋下郡に2千石を知行していたが、慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いの後、大和国山辺郡に新たに恩賞として2万7千石を加増された。
- Nagamasu (Urakusai) ODA, who was the younger brother of Nobunaga ODA and served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Osaka-jo Castle, was granted the territory of 27,000 koku in Yamabe County, Yamato Province as a reward for his contribution to the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, in addition to the territory of 2,000 koku which he had already been enfeoffed in Shimashimo County, Settsu Province.
- 中原師員は将軍藤原頼経の側近でもあったが、その立場は、京と鎌倉、評定衆の評定と政所、恩沢奉行としては執権と将軍の結節点となっており、執権対将軍という中では中立的な立場がそもそもの役割だったのだろう。
- Morokazu NAKAHARA served as an aide to the shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, functioning as an intermediary for Kyoto and Kamakura, for Councilors of the Council of State and the Administrative Board, and as the reward magistrate, functioning as an intermediary for the shogunal regent and the shogun--Here, it is proved that he was originally expected to keep neutral between the shogunal regent and the shogun.
- これはイスラエルの人々から永久に、アロンとその子たちの受くべきささげ物であって、イスラエルの人々の酬恩祭の犠牲の中から受くべきもの、すなわち主にささげるささげ物である。 (出エジプト記 29:28)
- and it shall be for Aaron and his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel; for it is a wave offering: and it shall be a wave offering from the children of Israel of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, even their wave offering to Yahweh. (Exodus 29:28)
- 非唯物論者のランゲが、その優れた著書『唯物論の歴史』、この本にはその精神でも内容でも恩恵を受けていますが、その中でこう言っています。「デモクリトスほど歴史が意地の悪い扱いをした偉人はほとんどいない。
- 'Few great men,' says Lange, a non-materialist, in his excellent 'History of Materialism,' to the spirit and to the letter of which I am equally indebted, 'have been so despitefully used by history as Democritus.
- 真宗は、ただ如来の働きにまかせて（すなわち真実の信心を獲得すれば）、全ての人は往生成仏することが出来るとする教えから、他の宗派と比べ多くの宗教儀式や習俗にとらわれず、報恩謝徳の念仏と聞法を大事にする。
- With its doctrine that everyone can go to Heaven (Ojo jobutsu) only by trusting Nyorai's power (in other words, if acquiring true faith), Shinshu, compared to other sects, is free from many religious exercises and customs, and makes much of nenbutsu and Mombo (learning the teachings of Buddha) for Ho-on Shatoku (gratitude for kindness and virtue).
- しかしながら、大日本帝国憲法は国民の権利を、天皇が臣民に与えた「恩恵的権利」と定義し、権利制限の根拠を「法律ニ定メタル場合」「法律ノ範囲内」などのいわゆる「法律の留保」、あるいは「安寧秩序」に求めた。
- However, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan specified that people's rights were 'privileged' ones that were given by the emperor and these rights could be limited 'by the constitution' and only permitted 'within the confines of the law,' in favor of public order and security.
- 室町幕府は主に御料所などからの収入で財政を維持してきたが、全国的な内乱のために年貢輸送が途絶えたり、あるいは南朝_(日本)軍に占領されたり、自軍への恩賞に回されたりしてその範囲は小さくなる一方であった。
- The Muromachi bakufu managed to finance its budgets by the income from goryosho (the Imperial or shogunate's estate), whose areas were dwindling because the transportation of nengu (land tax such as rice) was disturbed by civil wars across the country, and some goryosho were occupied by the Southern Court's army which were used to reward their soldiers.
- 民事上の問題が生じた場合には当事者間の話し合い（相対）による解決が付かない場合にのみ「お上からの恩恵」として仲裁に乗り出すという名目で民事裁判が行われたものであり、民衆を法的に救済する制度ではなかった。
- Only in cases of civil problems which could not be solved by discussion (vis-a-vis) between the people concerned, civil trials were made in the name of arbitration as 'favor from the authorities', therefore, these trials were not an institution that would give the people legal aids.
- 阿部は改正を論じる自体が保守派の刺激をしかねない公事方御定書の改正を避け、恩赦という形式を用いて公事方御定書が定めた刑罰を減刑するという遠まわしな手法で結果的に公事方御定書の改正を図ろうとしたのである。
- Abe avoided a direct reform of the Kujigata-osadamegaki, as even a discussion about reforming it might stir up the conservatives, so he used pardon as a means of reducing the penalties provided in the Kujigata-osadamegaki, and by using such a roundabout method he intended to reform the Kujigata-osadamegaki as a result.
- こうして時宗はモンゴル軍の襲来という国難を回避したが、戦後に今度は御家人などに対する恩賞問題などが発生したり、3度目の元軍襲来に備えて改めて国防を強化せねばならないなど、難題がいくつも積み重なっていた。
- Thus Tokimune avoided the national crisis of a Mongolian invasion, but many difficult problems were left following the war, such as providing reward grants for the Kamakura bakufu's retainers and the further strengthening of defense in preparation for the third Mongolian invasion.
- 文政7年（1824年）7月、庇護を受けていた加賀藩主前田治脩が病に伏し、大恩に報いるは今と急行軍で駆けつけるも、旅の無理がたたり長淑自身も旅路の途上で倒れ加賀に辿り着いた時には藩主治脩は亡くなっていた。
- When Harunaga MAEDA, who was the lord of the Kaga domain and Chosyuku was under the patronage of, fell ill in July 1824, Chosyuku running to Harunaga to repay a big obligation also fell ill on the way due to the strain of his trip and unfortunately Harunaga had been dead at Chosyuku's arrival in Kaga.
- 俊賢が蔵人頭に選ばれた背景には関白藤原道隆の恩遇があり、彼は後々までそのことを忘れず、道隆の死と中関白家が没落した後でも、自身は道長の側近かつ義兄であるにもかかわらず、中関白家に対しても忠義を尽くした。
- The reason why Toshikata was chosen as the Kurodo no to was because he had the sympathy of FUJIWARA no Michitaka, who had the title of Kanpaku, and Toshikata did not forget about it for a long time, and loyally served the Nakanokanpaku family even after Michitaka died and the Nakanokanpaku family fell, despite being the close associate and older brother-in-law of Michinaga.
- 第2次世界大戦後は金戒光明寺を中心とした黒谷浄土宗、知恩院を中心とする本派浄土宗（浄土宗本派）が分立するが、昭和36年（1961年）の法然750年忌を機に浄土宗本派が復帰、16年後に黒谷浄土宗も復帰した。
- After World War, Kurodani Jodoshu, based in Konkaikonmyo-ji Temple, and Honpa Jodoshu (Jodoshu Honpa), based in Chion-in, became independent, but in 1961, when a memorial ceremony for the 750th anniversary of Honen's death was held, Jodoshu Honpa returned and Kurodani Jodoshu also returned 16 years later.
- これら新興の宗教以外の古い天台宗・真言宗・法相宗にも独占した門跡を通じ朝廷との深い繋がりを懸念し、新たに浄土宗知恩院を門跡に加え、更に天台宗・真言宗の頂点として輪王寺に門跡を設けて天台座主の座を独占した。
- In addition to these newly-emerging religious sects, Ieyasu also cared about the older Tendai sect, Shingon sect, and Hosso sect concerning their connections with the Imperial court through the Monzeki posts (the head priest posts of these temples), and he newly added the Monzeki post to Chion-in Temple of the Jodo sect and furthermore, to Rinno-ji Temple as the pinnacle temple of the Tendai sect and of the Shingon sect, monopolizing the head priest posts of the Tendai sect.
- 秀吉は盛政の武勇を買って九州平定後に肥後国一国を与えるので家臣になれと強く誘ったが、盛政は織田信長や勝家から受けた大恩を忘れることはできず、願わくは派手な衣装を着用の上、引き回しののち刑死したいと願った。
- Hideyoshi, who appreciated the military prowess of Morimasa, urged Morimasa to work under him by proposing that Higo Province would be given to Morimasa, but Morimasa could not forget the great kindness of Nobunaga ODA and Katsuie, and pleaded to die from being dragged around a town in a gorgeous costume.
- 福山入封後は放浪時代の恩人で知謀の名高い三村親成を高禄で家老職に迎え藩政に力を注ぎ、城下町の建設、産業育成、治水工事や新田開発を積極的に行い、それまでは概ね湿地帯であった現在の福山市域の発展の礎を築いた。
- After entering the Fukuyama Domain, Katsunari hired the highly-respected and resourceful Chikanari MIMURA who was his benefactor during his wandering years as a position of chief retainers by giving him a high salary to carry out domain duties, and he engaged actively in castle town construction, promotion of industrial development, embankment works, and development of new rice fields, and laid the foundation for the present-day Fukuyama City area which was mostly a wetland before.
- あなたがたは定めの祭の時に、これらのものを主にささげなければならない。これらはあなたがたの誓願、または自発の供え物としてささげる燔祭、素祭、灌祭および酬恩祭のほかのものである』」。 (民数記 29:39)
- ''You shall offer these to Yahweh in your set feasts, besides your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt offerings, and for your meal offerings, and for your drink offerings, and for your peace offerings.'' (Numbers 29:39)
- ソロモンはまた主の宮の前にある庭の中を聖別し、その所で、燔祭と酬恩祭のあぶらをささげた。これはソロモンが造った青銅の祭壇が、その燔祭と素祭とあぶらとを載せるに足りなかったからである。 (歴代志2 7:7)
- Moreover Solomon made the middle of the court holy that was before the house of Yahweh; for there he offered the burnt offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings, because the bronze altar which Solomon had made was not able to receive the burnt offering, and the meal offering, and the fat. (2 Chronicles 7:7)
- 恩赦状の送付を受けた検察官は、自ら上申をしたものであるときは、直ちにこれを本人に交付し、その他の場合においては、速やかにこれを上申をした者に送付し、上申をした者は、直ちにこれを本人に交付しなければならない。
- The public prosecutor to whom a certificate of pardon has been sent shall, in cases where it concerns a person whose pardon the prosecutor him/herself petitioned for, deliver it immediately to the person in question, and in other cases, promptly send it to the person who submitted the petition; and the person who petition shall in turn deliver it immediately to the person in question.
- また、「称名報恩」については、「その上の称名念仏は、如来わが往生を定めたまいし御恩報尽の念仏とこころうべきなり」（同、5帖目10通）と、浄土真宗の称名念仏は、如来に救いとられたお礼の言葉であると述べている。
- Regarding 'Shomyo Ho-on,' he mentioned 'On that basis, we should be aware that Shomyo nenbutsu is Buddhist invocation to appreciate the kindness (Go-on Hojin) that Nyorai decided that we could go to Heaven.' (ib. book5, chapter10), which means that Shomyo nenbutsu in Jodo Shinshu are words of gratitude for Nyorai's salvation.
- この寺の前身は正応年間（1288年～1293年）南浦紹明が開いた妙勝寺で、元弘年間（1331年～1334年）に兵火にあって衰退していたのを、1456年（康正2年）一休宗純が草庵を結んで中興し酬恩庵と号した。
- The antecedent of this temple was Myosho-ji Temple, which was started by Shomyo NANPO during the Shoo era (1288 - 1293), and after the temple was destroyed by a fire resulting from a war during the Genko era (1331 - 1334), Ikkyu Sojun rebuilt it as a thatched hut in 1456 and called it Shuon-an Temple.
- かつて入江ぷろだくしょんに雇われ、名匠と呼ばれるきっかけを作った恩人でもあった入江たか子に対してすら、『楊貴妃』の際「化け猫ばかりやってるからそんな芸格のない芝居しか出来ないのだ」と満座の中で罵倒している。
- When directing 'Yokihi,' Mizoguchi even insulted in front of the crowd Takako IRIE, his old supporter who had hired him to work at Irie Production and paved the way for his being called a great director, by saying 'You can't act gracefully because you have been playing cat monsters too much.'
- しかし、恩賞方は審議機関でしかなく最終決定権を後醍醐天皇の親裁としたこと、天皇が恩賞問題の処理を恩賞方に一元化せずに（主に側近の要望を受けて）恩賞方の意見と違った綸旨を下したこと、そのために訴訟も頻発した。
- However, regarding the Onshogata as a mere deliberative organ, the ultimate decision-making authority was delegated to Emperor Godaigo, and granting the requests from his aides, the emperor did not leave the management of Onsho awards to the Onshogata alone, but gave orders differing from the Onshogata, with the result that lawsuits were frequently raised.
- 皮肉にも観応の擾乱によって尊氏と直義が対立して直義とこれを支持する幕府官僚の多くが離反した時、室町幕府の機構の多くが機能停止に陥ったが、恩賞方のみは尊氏派の官僚がそのまま残留したためにこれを免れたのである。
- When a confrontation between Takauji and Tadayoshi in the Kanno Disturbance forced Tadayoshi and many bureaucrats supporting Tadayoshi to break away, many organizations in the Muromachi bakufu stopped functioning, but ironically, only the Onshogata was able to maintain its function because bureaucrats supporting Takauji had occupied the posts in the Onshogata.
- 天保9年10月（1838年11月～12月）のある夜、時の知恩院門主であった尊超入道親王が、夢の中で白鶴の群れが一心院の裏山に飛来する光景を見て吉祥と感じ、当時山号のなかった一心院に「郡仙山」の山号を名付けた。
- A night in November to December of 1838, priestly Imperial Prince Soncho, who was then the head priest of Chion-in, had a dream in which a bevy of swans flew to the small mountain at the back of Isshin-in; he believed it was a good omen, and thus gave Isshin-in Temple the sango 'Gunsenzan,' since it had no other.
- 区内には内外の観光客が多く集まる著名社寺や観光地が多く、東福寺、泉涌寺、三十三間堂、智積院、京都国立博物館、妙法院、清水寺、六波羅蜜寺、建仁寺、高台寺、祇園地区、八坂神社、円山公園、知恩院、青蓮院などがある。
- There are prominent temples and sightseeing spots that attract many tourists from both inside and outside of Higashiyama Ward, including Tofuku-ji Temple, Senyu-ji Temple, Sanjusangendo Temple, Chishaku-in Temple, Kyoto National Museum, Myoho-in Temple, Kiyomizu-dera Temple, Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple, Kennin-ji Temple, Kodai-ji Temple, the Gion districts, Yasaka-jinja Shrine, Maruyama Park, Chion-in Temple, and Shoren-in Temple.
- 尚、後三年の役の勝利にも関わらず恩賞が与えられなかった点に関しては、本来朝廷の命令（官符）無しに合戦を起こすことは当時でも違法行為であり、合戦の途中においても「奥州合戦停止」の官使の派遣を決定したりしている。
- Regarding Yoshiie's failure to be rewarded despite victory in the Later Three Years' War, engaging in battle without imperial consent was illegal at that time and an ambassador carrying the 'Termination of the Battle at Oshu' order had been dispatched midway through the conflict.
- もしその酬恩祭の犠牲の肉を三日目に少しでも食べるならば、それは受け入れられず、また供え物と見なされず、かえって忌むべき物となるであろう。そしてそれを食べる者はとがを負わなければならない。 (レビ記 7:18)
- If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed to him who offers it. It will be an abomination, and the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity. (Leviticus 7:18)
- 彼らがこれらの日を満たしたとき、八日目から後は、祭司たちは、あなたがたの燔祭と、酬恩祭とを祭壇の上に供える。そうすれば、わたしは、あなたがたを受けいれると、主なる神は言われる」。 (エゼキエル書 43:27)
- When they have accomplished the days, it shall be that on the eighth day, and forward, the priests shall make your burnt offerings on the altar, and your peace offerings; and I will accept you, says the Lord Yahweh. (Ezekiel 43:27)
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- やがて彼らの土地の保証は源氏、平家といった、貴種に連なる上級武家に委ねられ、下級、中級の武士は「給人」と呼ばれて、主君から恩給された土地の見返りに、平時、戦時における主君への軍事的奉仕を行う構造が出来上がった。
- Later, the higher ranking samurai families such as the Minamoto clan or the Taira family, which had relationships with persons of noble birth were entrusted to warrant the local nobles their developed lands, and a system was established in which middle and lower ranking samurai were called 'kyunin' who offered military services to the lord not only in peacetime but also in wartime in exchange for the land which the lord granted them as stipend.
- 元来は、オスマン帝国が恩恵的にフランス、オランダ、イギリスに対して与えていたカピチュレーションの制度において、治外法権その他を認めていたものだが、産業革命以後は西欧経済圏への従属を企図したものに変質していった。
- Originally, an unequal treaty was to approve extraterritoriality and other conditions in the capitulation system which was beneficially given to France, the Netherland and the United Kingdom by the Ottoman Empire, but such treaties gradually transformed into ones aiming for subordination to the Western European economic zone after the Industrial Revolution.
- この他に未決囚や死亡した改易などの処分を受けた武士や宗門を追放されるなどの処分を受けた僧侶の名誉回復を求めるもの（ただし、処分前の資格を回復するのみで役職・禄高などが回復する訳ではない）を恩赦などを対象とした。
- Other possible cases of pardons were prisoners on remand, and claims for lost honor of dead samurai who had been punished with confiscation (kaieki, confiscation of land, stipend, and house) and of monks who were exiled from their sect as punishment (provided that only their religious qualification, not their official position or their stipend (rokudaka), could be retrieved).
- そこで行われたのは、裁許状・下知状交付を前提にした訴訟前段階での和与奨励策や「召文違背」を理由とした敗訴判決など迅速な訴訟処理策であり、より強力な他人和与の規制と恩給地の回復を目指したのが永仁の徳政令であった。
- Therefore, measures were taken to quickly settle cases, including an incentive measure for wayo based on the issuance of saikyojo and gechijo at a stage before the suit and issuance of decision against one side of the suit on the ground of 'refusal of summons,' and Einin no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order) was issued to more strictly regulate wayo to others and to recover onkyuchi.
- 国分氏 (陸奥国)は、南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代 (日本)まで陸奥国宮城郡南部を領した武士で、下総国の国分から氏をとった国分胤通が宮城郡国分を奥州合戦の恩賞として与えられて移住したのがはじまりだと伝える。
- It is said that the Kokubun clan (in Mutsu Province) was samurai who had possessed the southern part of Miyagi County, Mutsu Province from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Sengoku period (the period of warring states), and this clan originated from Tanemichi, who took his family name from Kokubun in Shimousa Province and relocated to Kokubun in Miyagi County, which was given to him as reward grants for the Battle of Oshu.
- 京都に成立した室町幕府は本来、御料所などからの収入に財政基盤を置いていたが、南北朝時代 (日本)の中で南朝 (日本)方によって占領されたり、自軍の武将への恩賞に宛てられるなどして次第に縮小していく傾向にあった。
- The Muromachi bakufu, established in Kyoto, had originally put its financial base on the income from goryosho (land owned by the Emperor or bakufu) and others, however, the financial base gradually scaled down with the occupation of the goryosho from the Southern Court (Japan) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and with the appropriation of the goryosho for rewards allocated to their military commanders.
- また人がもしすべて汚れたもの、すなわち人の汚れ、あるいは汚れた獣、あるいは汚れた這うものに触れながら、主にささげた酬恩祭の犠牲の肉を食べるならば、その人は民のうちから断たれるであろう』」。 (レビ記 7:21)
- When anyone touches any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean animal, or any unclean abomination, and eats some of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which belong to Yahweh, that soul shall be cut off from his people.'' (Leviticus 7:21)
- かつて加賀一向一揆が守護富樫政親を攻め滅ぼした際に征夷大将軍足利義尚が本願寺に討伐令を下そうとしていた折に政元がこれに強く反対して討伐令を撤回させたという経緯があったために、実如は大きな恩義を感じていたのである。
- Formerly, after forces of the Kaga Ikko Ikki (a popular revolt by the Ikko sect) attacked and destroyed the Shugo (provincial constable) Masachika TOGASHI, just as the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA was preparing to issue an order to destroy Hongan-ji Temple, Masamoto came out strongly against issuing such an order and managed to have the order repealed, and because of this chain of events, Jitsunyo felt a major debt of gratitude towards Masamoto.
- 本能寺の変前年に光秀が記した『明智家法』によれば、『自分は石ころのような身分から信長様にお引き立て頂き、過分の御恩を頂いた。一族家臣は子孫に至るまで信長様への御奉公を忘れてはならない』という趣旨の文を書いている。
- In Mitsuhide's writings 'Akechi-kaho' (family rules of the Akechi clan) written one year before the incident, Mitsuhide wrote a sentence that reads 'I was set up in the world by Nobunaga from the status like a pebble and I owe him a lot. My family and vassals including their descendents should not forget to serve to Nobunaga.'
- これに対して一介の御家人から室町幕府を創設した足利氏の場合は、南北朝の内乱の中で敵から奪った所領の増加がある一方で恩賞や敵からの略奪による所領の喪失もあり、その御料所の規模は鎌倉幕府のそれよりも遥かに乏しかった。
- On the other hand, the Ashikaga clan, which raised from a mere gokenin to found the Muromachi bakufu, gained the shoryo by depriving the enemies of the shoryo during the Nanbokucho civil war, but lost their shoryo when their shoryo was taken as rewards to the others or was deprived by the enemies -- Consequently, its goryosho (shogunal domain) was far less than that of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 秀吉・家康が和睦した後に秀吉に召しだされたとき、「秀吉の恩と家康の恩、どちらが貴殿にとっては重いか」と質問されると、「君のご恩は海より深いといえども、家康は譜代相伝の主君であって月日の論には及びがたし」と答えた。
- After Hideyoshi and Ieyasu reconciled, Hideyoshi called upon Tadakatsu and asked, 'Which is more important to you, the gratitude for Hideyoshi or that for Ieyasu?' and Tadakatsu answered, 'Although the gratitude for you is deeper than the sea, Ieyasu is the lord of hereditary succession and it is difficult to overcome the passage of time.'
- 元和 (日本)元年（1615年）に寺院諸法度の一環として浄土宗法度が制定され、知恩院が門跡寺院・第一位の本山とされ、増上寺はこれより下位に置かれたものの、「大本山」の称号と宗務行政官庁である「総録所」が設置された。
- In 1615 Jodoshu hatto was established as one of the rules of Jiin shohatto, in which Chion-in was recognized as the head temple, and Zojo-ji Temple was given the name of Daihonzan and Sorokusho (a government office of religion) was founded there although it had a lower position than Chion-in.
- 室町幕府の財政は幕府直轄の御料所からの収入が主であったが、南北朝の戦乱の際に敵対する南朝側より狙われて奪取されたり、自軍への恩賞にされてしまうケースも多く、鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府に比べて小規模であったと考えられている。
- The majority of the financial income of Muromachi Bakufu came from Goryo-sho (御料所), which was directly controlled by Bakufu; but often, during the war of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Goryo-sho became a target and were taken by the opposing Nancho side, or were given away as rewards for one's own army, and the scale of Goryo-sho is considered to be smaller than that of Kamakura Bakufu or Edo Bakufu.
- 当時の陸奥国守は大和源氏の源頼俊で、即位間もない後三条天皇が源頼俊らに北陸奥の征服を命じており、北陸奥の征服自体は成功したが、この藤原基通の件の為か大和源氏源頼俊には恩賞はなく、その後の受領任官も記録には見えない。
- The governer of Mutsu Province at that time was Yoshiie's father, MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi of the Yamato-Genji (Minamoto clan), and the newly enthroned Emperor Gosanjo ordered him to conquer North Mutsu but even though he succeeded, he received no reward, possibly due to the FUJIWARA no Motomichi incident, and there is no record that he received any land or new postions later.
- 久政が朝倉方につくべきだと主張した理由として、「亮政の代からの同盟関係であること」、「度重なる斎藤氏氏、京極氏、六角氏の攻勢に共闘した大恩」、「久政自身が信長の性格や方針に懐疑的であったこと」などが挙げられている。
- It is said the reasons why Hisamasa insisted that they should side with the Asakura clan were as follows: 'the alliance had been maintained since Sukemasa was in power;' 'they were deeply indebted to the Asakura clan for joint fights against repeated attacks from the Saito, the Kyogoku, and the Rokkaku clans;' and 'Hisamasa himself was skeptical about the character and policy of Nobunaga.'
- 特に恩賞方などで事務を担当していた法曹官僚である奉行人が次第に奉行衆（右筆方）として幕政に深く関わってくると、本来恩賞方の下級官僚でしかない彼らが将軍の意向で御前沙汰の一員に加えられて恩賞方衆と呼ばれるようになる。
- When the bugyonin (magistrate, who originally took charge of the office work in the Onshogata) gradually took part in administration as the bugyoshu (group of magistrate, also called yuhitsukata), despite their low ranking in the Onshogata, they were included among the members of Gozensata in accordance with the shogun's instruction and called Onshogatashu (members of the Onshogata).
- これを受けて大久保や西郷、土佐藩出身のの佐々木高行らは、薩摩・土佐両藩が自ら自首したこと、両藩は私利私欲のためではなく、維新実現のための軍備調達の必要からやむを得ず行ったことであるとして両藩への恩赦を求めたのである。
- In response to this, OKUBO and SAIGO, and Takayuki SASAKI from the Tosa Domain asked for pardon for both countries, as the Satsuma and Tosa Domains surrendered themselves, and as both domains unavoidably issued counterfeit money, not for self-interest, but because of the necessity for armament supplies to realize the restoration,
- 大宝律令公式令に定めがあり、具体的には「大社」「○○陵」「乗輿」「車駕」「詔書」「勅旨」「明詔」「聖化」「天恩」「慈恩」「慈旨」「御（至尊）」「闕庭」「中宮」「朝廷」「春宮」「殿下」などの語に対して用いるべきとある。
- It is prescribed in the Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms) in the Taiho Code, and it says that ketsuji should be used when words such as the following appear: 'a grand shrine,' 'the Imperial tomb for a certain emperor,' 'the son of Heaven', 'an Imperial carriage,' 'shosho,' 'chokushi,' 'an Imperial edict and Imperial order,' 'an emperor's cultivating his or her virtue,' 'Emperor's blessings,' 'Emperor's grace,' 'Emperor's words,' 'Your Imperial Majesty,' 'the Emperor's residence,' 'an Empress,' 'the Imperial Court,' 'the Crown Prince,' 'His or Her Imperial Highness.'
- 重国は「彼らが旧恩のため源氏の元に参じるのを止める理由はない。私はあなたの要請に応じて外孫の佐々木義清を連れて石橋山に参じたのに、その功を考えず佐々木定綱らの妻子を捕らえよとの命を受けるのは本懐ではない」と拒否した。
- Shigekuni rejected the request, saying 'I had no reason to stop them from joining the army of Minamoto clan out of their moral debt to them. I joined your army at Ishibashiyama together with my grandson Yoshikiyo SASAKI in reply to your request, but you ignored what we did for you and ordered me to arrest the wives and children of Sadatsuna SASAKI and his brother. That is not what I can accept.'
- あなたはわたしのために土の祭壇を築き、その上にあなたの燔祭、酬恩祭、羊、牛をささげなければならない。わたしの名を覚えさせるすべての所で、わたしはあなたに臨んで、あなたを祝福するであろう。 (出エジプト記 20:24)
- You shall make an altar of earth for me, and shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your sheep and your cattle. In every place where I record my name I will come to you and I will bless you. (Exodus 20:24)
- これはイスラエルの人々に、彼らが野のおもてでほふるのを常としていた犠牲を主のもとにひいてこさせ、会見の幕屋の入口におる祭司のもとにきて、これを主にささげる酬恩祭の犠牲としてほふらせるためである。 (レビ記 17:5)
- This is to the end that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they sacrifice in the open field, that they may bring them to Yahweh, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, to the priest, and sacrifice them for sacrifices of peace offerings to Yahweh. (Leviticus 17:5)
- 君たる者は、外から門の廊をとおってはいり、門の柱のかたわらに立て。そのとき祭司たちは、燔祭と酬恩祭とをささげ、彼は門の敷居で、礼拝して出て行くのである。しかし門は夕暮まで閉じてはならない。 (エゼキエル書 46:2)
- The prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate outside, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening. (Ezekiel 46:2)
- （富田流や一刀流など、念流の開祖は念阿弥慈恩、また馬庭念流の樋口家に伝わる古文書に、念阿弥慈恩の弟子として「中条判官」や「猿御前」という名が記されているが、念流では中条判官は中条兵庫頭、猿御前は愛洲移香斎と伝えている）
- (The founder of the Nen-ryu School, as well as the Toda-ryu School and the Itto-ryu School, was Jion NENAMI. While 'Chujo hangan' and 'Saru gozen' were described as Jion NENAMI's disciples in the ancient document handed down in the Higuchi family of the Maniwanen-ryu School, the Nen-ryu School believes the former was Chujo Hyogo no kami and the latter was Ikosai AISU)
- 遠平は平氏討伐の恩賞として平氏家人沼田氏の旧領であった安芸国沼田荘（ぬたのしょう、現在の広島県三原市本郷町付近）の地頭職を拝領し、これを譲られた養子・小早川景平（実父は平賀義信であったとされる。）が、安芸国に移住した。
- Tohira was given the position of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of a private estate) when he received the Nutanosho estate in Aki Province (current Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture), the former territory of the Nuta clan who were the housemen of the Taira clan, as a reward; and the adopted child Kagehira KOBAYAKAWA (whose biological father was believed to be Yoshinobu HIRAGA) moved to the Aki Province.
- こうした誤りの原因として、第二次大戦後に、金戒光明寺を中心とした黒谷浄土宗、知恩院を中心とす浄土宗本派が浄土宗から分立するが、昭和36年（1961年）に浄土宗本派が復帰、昭和52年（1977年）に黒谷浄土宗も復帰した。
- This mistake was discovered after the Second World War when the Kurodani Pure Land Sect centered around Konkaikomyo-ji Temple and the Honpa Pure Land Sect centered around Chion-in Temple separated from the Pure Land Sect before the Honpa Pure Land Sect returned in 1961 and the Kurodani Pure Land Sect returned in 1977.
- 生きて身を はちすの上にやどさずば 念佛まうす 甲斐やなからん（大いなる慈悲の中に、煩悩多き私であっても日々つつまれていることに目覚め、それに感謝歓喜をし、大いなるお慈悲の恩に報いながら、今というものを、力つよくあゆむ）
- With the awakening to great mercy that embraces me everyday despite my worldly desires, I will powerfully live in the present while thanking for it and repaying the indefinite debt to great mercy.
- 本堂は起工から128年の年数をかけ、日光の本廟・知恩院の三門とともに、日本三建築の一つと称せられた壮大華麗な大伽藍であったが、1902年（明治35年）11月、不慮の火災により、本堂その他ほとんどを灰燼に帰する不幸が起る。
- Construction of the main hall took 128 years to complete and the magnificent building was considered to be one of the Three Great Architectural Structures of Japan along with the mausoleum at Tosho-gu Shrine in Nikko and the Sanmon gate at Chion-in Temple, but almost the entire temple complex, including the main hall, was burned to the ground in an accidental fire in November 1902.
- こうした武家の棟梁に対する恩賞は、所領を棟梁から家人へ分け与える一方、棟梁自らはさらなる勢力拡大のために収入の多い国の国司職や、中央政界における地位向上につながる位階の昇叙、御所への昇殿などを獲得するよう積極的に運動した。
- While Buke no toryo distributed territories to their kenin, they actively sought to become kokushi, which would provide them both handsome income, or to obtain a higher rank, which would lead higher grade in the central government, or to access to the Imperial Palace to advance their political status in the Imperial Court.
- 河内源氏は鎌倉幕府樹立の過程で治承の戦いの際に恩賞などの形で獲得した旧伊勢平氏知行国のうち9ヶ国（下総国・上総国・武蔵国・相模国・伊豆国・越後国・信濃国・駿河国・豊後国）及び没官領となった500ヶ所以上の荘園を獲得した。
- The Kawachi Genji received nine provinces (Shimousa Province, Kazusa Province, Musashi Province, Sagami Province, Izu Province, Echigo Province, Shinano Province, Suruga Province, Bungo Province) among those that had been the Ise Heishi's chigyokoku, and 500 or more shoen, that had been mokkan ryo (confiscated lands) -- All of them were received as rewards in the Jisho no ran (Jisho civil war, 1180) in the process of establishing the Kamakura bakufu (military government of Kamakura).
- もしこれが歴史的真実なら(それに私はドレイパー博士に全面的に信頼を置いているのですが)、彼が「ヨーロッパの文芸がマホメット教徒にたいする私たちの科学上の恩義を無視している組織的やり方を遺憾に思う」[11]のも無理ないのです。
- If all this be historic truth (and I have entire confidence in Dr. Draper), well may he 'deplore the systematic manner in which the literature of Europe has contrived to put out of sight our scientific obligations to the Mahommedans.'11
- もっと一般的に言うと、その仕事に実際に携わる人間がうまくやれるようにしっかりと助ける（その仕事を実際にやる能力はない）人間が必要な場合か、皆の同意を必要としない意思決定の量が多い場合、大抵マネージメントによる恩恵があります。
- More generally, if the job allows for a person (who might not be able to do the job) to substantially help the people actually doing the work get it done, or depends on a substantial amount of decision making that doesn't really require everyone's constant input, it will probably benefit from management.
- 更に弘安9年（1286年）には、恩人である後嵯峨法皇が崩御した時には同じく寵臣であった北畠師親（北畠親房の祖父）が出家したにも関わらず、彼はそのまま官職に留まり続けたため、異母弟の吉田経長（経藤の同母弟）から糾弾を受けている。
- In addition, when his benefactor, the Cloistered Emperor Gosaga, died in 1286, as he continued to stay in his official position notwithstanding that Morochika KITABATAKE (grandfather of Chikafusa KITABATAKE) who was also a favorite retainer became a priest, his younger brother from another mother, Tsunenaga YOSHIDA (Tsunefuji's younger brother from the same mother) laid accusations towards him.
- 四条天皇から下賜された寺号は「華頂山知恩教院大谷寺」という長いものであるが、この名称は、寺の歴史を説明する時などを除いて通常は使われておらず、法人としての寺院名も「宗教法人知恩院」であることから、本項では「知恩院」と表記する。
- The name 'Kachozan Chion-kyo-in Otani-dera' bestowed upon the temple by Emperor Shijo is long but, except when describing the temple's history, is not ordinarily used and this section uses the name 'Chion-in Temple' derived from the temple's legal name of 'Chion-in Temple Religious Corporation.'
- 保津川に面した公園の南の入り口に中華人民共和国の国務院総理を務めた周恩来が、京都留学中に嵐山で作ったと言われる「雨中嵐山」の詩を刻んだ石碑があり、中国の要人が関西を訪問した際にこの碑を訪れることが多く、中国人観光客の訪問も多い。
- At its south entrance facing the Hozu-gawa River there is a stone monument with an inscription of a poem called 'Uchu Ranzan' (literally, 'rainy Arashiyama') written by Enlai ZHOU, the former Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, when he was studying in Kyoto so Chinese dignitaries often visit this monument when they come to the Kansai area, and many Chinese tourists visit here.
- 「一つには冥衆護持の益、二つには至徳具足の益、三つには転悪成善の益、四つには諸仏護念の益、五つには諸仏称讃の益、六つには心光常護の益、七つには心多歓喜の益、八つには知恩報徳の益、九つには常行大悲の益、十には正定聚に入る益なり。」
- They are as follows; the first benefit of being protected by unseen divinities, the second one of attaining the utmost virtue, the third one of transforming all one's evils into good, the fourth one of being protected by all Buddhas, the fifth one of being praised by all Buddhas, the sixth one of being constantly protected by Amida's spiritual light, the seventh one of having much joy in mind, the eighth one of acknowledging Amida's benevolence and responding in gratitude to his virtue, the ninth one of constant practicing great compassion, and the last one of entering 'shojoju' (those guaranteed to be born in the Pure Land).
- 太閤記や佐久間軍記などでは、和議の時点ですでに毛利氏は本能寺の変の発生を知っていたとして描かれており、小早川隆景が「信長に代わって天下を治めるのは秀吉であるから、今のうちに恩を売るべきである」として和議を支持する進言をしている。
- In Taikoki and Sakuma Gunki, it is described that the Mori clan already knew about the occurrence of Honnoji Incident at the time of negotiations for peace, and Takakage KOBAYAKAWA proposed 'Because Hideyoshi will govern the country after Nobunaga, we should put Hideyoshi under an obligation at this stage.' supporting negotiations for peace.
- 小判に対し、大判（大判金）も江戸時代を通して発行されていたが、大判は一般通貨ではなく、恩賞、贈答用のもので金一枚（四十四匁）という基準でつくられ、計数貨幣としてではなく、品位と量目および需要を基に大判大判相場によって取引された。
- As opposed to koban, oban (obankin) (large-sized old Japanese gold coin) were also issued through the Edo period, it was not general currency but as reward grants and gifts in the standard of kin 1 mai (44 monme) and was traded not as counting currency but as oban market rate based of the karat, ryome and demand.
- これは主のしもべモーセがイスラエルの人々に命じたことにもとづき、モーセの律法の書にしるされているように、鉄の道具を当てない自然のままの石の祭壇であって、人々はその上で、主に燔祭をささげ、酬恩祭を供えた。 (ヨシュア記 8:31)
- as Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of uncut stones, on which no man had lifted up any iron. They offered burnt offerings on it to Yahweh, and sacrificed peace offerings. (Joshua 8:31)
- また君たる者が、心からの供え物として、燔祭または酬恩祭を主にささげる時は、彼のために東に面した門を開け。彼は安息日に行うように、その燔祭と酬恩祭を供え、そして退出する。その退出の後、門は閉ざされる。 (エゼキエル書 46:12)
- When the prince shall prepare a freewill offering, a burnt offering or peace offerings as a freewill offering to Yahweh, one shall open for him the gate that looks toward the east; and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he does on the Sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate. (Ezekiel 46:12)
- 『金光明経』長者子流水品には、釈迦仏の三世であった流水（るすい）長者が、大きな池で水が涸渇して死にかけた無数の魚たちを助けて説法をして放生したところ、魚たちは三十三天に転生して流水長者に感謝報恩したというジャータカが説かれている。
- In Rusui choja (sresthin 'Flowing Water') chapter of the 'Konkomyo-kyo Sutra' (Golden Light Sutra), there is a Jataka tale (Buddhist Tale) that tells how when Sakyamuni Buddha's previous incarnation, Rusui choja, helped countless fish that faced death when a large lake dried up and released them to safety, the fish were reincarnated into the Heaven of the Thirty-three Celestials and repaid Rusui choja for his kindness.
- 家康が秀吉死後（厳密には前田利家死後）すぐに豊臣家の勢力を削ぐことに傾注し、また、世情がそれに従い関ヶ原の戦いにおいて豊臣恩顧の多くの大名たちが家康側についたことも、当時既にそうした疑念が広まっていた傍証であるという考え方もある。
- There is a view that Ieyasu endeavored to decrease the power of the Toyotomi family immediately after Hideyoshi's death (more precisely, after the death of Toshiie MAEDA) and the general public accepted this and many daimyo who enjoyed the kind favors of the Toyotomi family joined the Ieyasu's side is evidence that such double dealing had gone around already at that time.
- またそのすべての脂肪は酬恩祭の犠牲から脂肪を取るのと同じように取り、これを祭壇の上で焼いて主にささげる香ばしいかおりとしなければならない。こうして祭司が彼のためにあがないをするならば、彼はゆるされるであろう。 (レビ記 4:31)
- All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from off of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven. (Leviticus 4:31)
- こうしたことが民衆に裁判・訴訟に対する不信感を植え付けるとともに、それとともに、支配者の統治・命令の絶対性及び訴願そのものを「恩恵的行為」と捉える政治思想が、日本における「権利」意識や「法」観念の発達に深刻な影響を与えることとなる。
- These things instilled a sense of distrust in people with regard to trials and lawsuits, as well as in the absoluteness of the ruling authority's governance and orders and in the political concept of an appeal being a 'beneficial action'; all of which had a critical impact on the development of the concept of 'rights' and the 'law' in Japan.
- 尊氏は建武政府の恩賞方の失敗に学んで引き続き最終決定権は尊氏の親裁としたものの、恩賞方は恩賞の申請受理・恩賞地の選定・恩賞替地の沙汰（恩賞地が他者の所領であった場合の新旧領主間の裁判）・恩賞下文の紛失安堵などの広範な業務を任された。
- Thinking back on the failure of the Kenmu government, Takauji entrusted to the Onshogata a wide spectrum of work including acceptance of applications for the Onsho award, selection of land given as a reward, instructions on a land change (in the trial held between new and old lords, if the land in question belonged to the old lord) and Funshitsu Ando (providing authorization for a substitute document concerning the awarded Onsho), while he left the ultimate decision-making authority to himself.
- この思想が広まり始めるのは奈良時代にはいってからで、このころの思想は平安中期以降のように自分が死後極楽浄土に往生するいうものを願ったのではなく、もっぱら死んだ方を追善する慰霊あるいは自分の両親の報恩的な性格のものとして捉えられていた。
- It was during the Nara period that this concept became known widely, and people did not desire to be reborn in Gokuraku-Jodo (the Pure Land paradise) after their death, but they mostly considered that the concept would be for offering memorial services for the dead or for consoling spirits or for repaying their parents' kindness.
- 子女は、覚澄（安居院僧正）、喜雲、飛鳥井雅春、某（最勝院）、尭慧、宗禎（伊豆国修善寺住持、二卜と号す）、遠山、某（報恩院、水本と号す）、雅厳（僧正、松橋）、重茂、仏光寺経範の妻、朽木晴綱室、目の典侍（正親町天皇典侍）のほかに女子あり。
- His children included Kakucho (a priest at Ango-in Temple), Kiun, Masaharu ASUKAI, Suesuga (a priest at Saisho-in Temple), Gyoe, Sotei (a chief priest at Shuzen-ji Temple in Izu Province who took the name 'Nito'), Toyama, Suegami (a priest at Hoon-in Temple who took the name 'Mizumoto'), 雅厳 (a priest who took the name 'Matsuhashi'), Omoe, a wife of Tsunenori (a priest at Bukko-ji Temple), Harutsuna KUTSUKI's wife, and Me no Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank who was Emperor Ogimachi's Naishi no suke).
- その頃、北陸における戦いで足利氏に敗れて吉野に落ち延びた脇屋義助（新田義貞の弟）に対して後村上天皇が慰労して褒賞を出すことを決めた際に洞院実世が「敗軍の将に恩賞を出すと言うのは富士川の戦いで敗れた平維盛以来である」と反対意見を述べた。
- Around that time, when Emperor Gomurakami decided to present a special service reward to Yoshisuke WAKIYA (Yoshisada NITTA's younger brother) who lost the war against the Ashikaga clan in Hokuriku and fled to Yoshino, Saneyo TOIN objected, saying 'It will be the first time to give a special bonus to the head of a defeated army since the case of TAIRA no Koremori who lost the Battle of Fujigawa.'
- 前住者の二条晴良・昭実（妻は信長の養女）父子は直前に信長のはからいにより報恩寺の新邸に移徒して（『言経卿記』）空き家となっていたので、信長が上洛したときの宿所とするため、この旧二条邸を譲り受けて改修することを京都所司代の村井貞勝に命じた。
- It was vacant because Nobunaga, jus prior to his visit, had arranged for the previous occupants, father and son Haruyoshi and Akizane NIJO (whose wife was an adopted daughter of Nobunaga) to move to a new mansion near Hoon-ji Temple (Tokitsunekyoki); Nobunaga ordered Sadakatsu MURAI, the Kyoto Shoshidai, to take possession of it and renovate it so that Nobunaga could stay in it while in the capital.
- なお、流罪の場合でも非常赦と呼ばれる特別な恩赦が出ない限りは生涯流刑地から離れることは許されず、また死刑の際に付随される親族の連坐や除名、資財田宅の没官は宥免されなかったことから、当時の社会においては社会的に完全に抹殺される効果はあった。
- In the case of banishment, it was not permitted to leave the place where one was banished for life unless special amnesty called hijosha was granted, and family members could not be pardoned from guilt-by-association, also, expulsion, and impounding of assets and farm/housing land that went along with the death sentence, which effectively and entirely denied their social existence in those times.
- 実際に、この申請については文治の勅許として下され、鎌倉幕府が開かれた後には、この守護地頭の設置任免権は幕府に託された地方の警察権を行使する意味でも、御家人に対する本領安堵、新恩給与を行う意味でも幕府権力の根幹をなす重要な役割を果たした。
- In fact, this application was given the order as the Bunji Imperial Sanction, the placement and appointment and dismissal of shugo and jito served an important role to form the basis of the bakufu authorities in the sense of exerting the local police power leaving it to the bakufu and enforcing honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) and shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) to gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 続く平治の乱では、「多田蔵人大夫頼範」（頼盛の誤伝か）なる人物が藤原信頼・源義朝方として三条殿襲撃に加わり、戦後恩賞として摂津守に任官されたことが『平治物語』にみえているが、その他の史料における所見はなく、多田源氏の動向は詳らかではない。
- According to 'Heiji Monogatari' (The tale of the Heiji), in the Heiji Disturbance, 'Tada kurodo dayu Yorinori (maybe a misunderstanding of Yorimori)' supported the Nobuyori FUJIWARA and Yoshitomo MINAMOTO side to attack Sanjo Palace together, so that he was appointed as governor of Settsu Province as a reward after the war, while it is unclear about the clan at that time as other historical materials do not mention Tada-Genji.
- 光秀と泉州地域との関連では、大阪府堺市西区 (堺市)鳳南町3丁にある「丈六墓地」では、昭和18年頃まで加護灯篭を掲げ、光秀追善供養を、大阪府泉大津市豊中では、徳政令を約束した光秀に謝恩を表す供養を長年行なっていたが、現在では消滅している。
- Regarding Mitsuhide's relationship with the Senshu area: a Buddhist memorial service was held for him until 1943 that involved hanging protective lanterns in Joroku Cemetery in Otori Minami-cho-3chome, Nishi Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, and a service for expressing thanks to him for promising Tokuseirei was held for many years in Toyonaka, Izumi Otsu City, Osaka Prefecture, which is now disappearing.
- その後は豊臣恩顧の大名であったが、家康に危険視されることを恐れて、慶長19年（1614年）からの豊臣氏との戦いである大坂冬の陣では江戸城留守居を務め、慶長20年（1615年）の大坂夏の陣では2代将軍・徳川秀忠に従って徳川方として参加した。
- Since being a favored daimyo of TOYOTOMI, then he feared that Ieyasu considered him dangerous, he stayed and guarded Edo Castle during the Fuyu no Jin (the Winter War in Osaka) from 1614 and served the second Shogun Hidetada TOKUGAWA during the Natsu no Jin (the Summer War in Osaka) in 1615.
- また揺り動かした胸とささげたももとは、あなたとあなたのむすこ、娘たちがこれを清い所で食べなければならない。これはイスラエルの人々の酬恩祭の犠牲の中からあなたの分、あなたの子たちの分として与えられるものだからである。 (レビ記 10:14)
- The waved breast and the heaved thigh you shall eat in a clean place, you, and your sons, and your daughters with you: for they are given as your portion, and your sons' portion, out of the sacrifices of the peace offerings of the children of Israel. (Leviticus 10:14)
- しかし、セウェルスはニゲルを打ち破り、彼を殺し、東方情勢を収拾すると、ローマに帰還し、アルビヌスは彼から受けた恩義をほとんど顧みることなく、背信して彼を殺害しようとしており、この忘恩にたいして彼を罰せざるをえないと、元老院に訴えたのです。
- But after Severus had conquered and killed Niger, and settled oriental affairs, he returned to Rome and complained to the Senate that Albinus, little recognizing the benefits that he had received from him, had by treachery sought to murder him, and for this ingratitude he was compelled to punish him.
- 旧来の恩赦規定をそのまま残すものの、より儀式的なものとして手続の主体を評定所に置くとともに、旧来は縁座のケースも含めて15歳以下の未成年にも課されていた追放などの重罰については直ちに恩赦の対象とするなどの事実上の刑罰の緩和策が盛り込まれた。
- A scheme to mitigate actual punishments was incorporated, although former regulations on pardon remained as they were, but they were put together with conventional procedures in the hands of the council chamber, and Juveniles younger than fifteen who were formerly given severe punishments like banishment including cases where they were guilty only because of a relative's crime (enza) became eligible for pardon right away.
- 慶長5年（1600年）の関ヶ原の戦いにおいては豊臣恩顧の大名として西軍に与し、7月には大坂鰻谷町橋を守備し、のちに但馬国や丹波の諸大名・1万5000の軍勢を率いて細川幽斎が守る田辺城 (丹後国)（舞鶴城）を攻撃し、これを開城するに至っている。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he sided with the West force as a favor to Toyotomi and guarded the Unagidani Town Bridge, Osaka in July, and later led a force of 15,000, a combined force of Tajima and Tanba troops, and attacked Tanabe-jo Castle (also called Maizuru-jo Castle) in Tango Province, and Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was on guard, surrendered the castle.
- もし人が特別の誓願をなすため、または自発の供え物のために、牛または羊を酬恩祭の犠牲として、主にささげようとするならば、その受け入れられるために、それは全きものでなければならない。それには、どんなきずもあってはならない。 (レビ記 22:21)
- Whoever offers a sacrifice of peace offerings to Yahweh to accomplish a vow, or for a freewill offering, of the herd or of the flock, it shall be perfect to be accepted; no blemish shall be therein. (Leviticus 22:21)
- 戦後では、栄典や顕彰・表彰・人事考課などという概念が一般的となり、公的に恩賞の概念は用いられないが、政権獲得や内閣成立に功績のあった与党政治家の重要役職への就任や入閣があった場合に、論功行賞人事や恩賞人事と揶揄される場合に用いられることもある。
- After the War the notions of honor, public recognition, commendation, and performance review have become common and the concept of onsho (rewards) has not been publicly used, however, when ruling-party politicians who rendered service in the formation of the government or cabinet are appointed to important posts or enter the cabinet, this is sometime ridiculed as onsho or reward-oriented appointments.
- またそのすべての脂肪は酬恩祭の犠牲から小羊の脂肪を取るのと同じように取り、祭司はこれを主にささげる火祭のように祭壇の上で焼かなければならない。こうして祭司が彼の犯した罪のためにあがないをするならば、彼はゆるされるであろう。 (レビ記 4:35)
- All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven. (Leviticus 4:35)
- 『報恩講私記』、『本願寺聖人伝絵』（『御伝鈔』・『親鸞伝絵』）、『執持鈔（しゅうじしょう）』、『口伝鈔』（くでんしょう）、『改邪鈔』（がいじゃしょう）など多数撰述し、法然の正統な後継者としての親鸞と浄土真宗内における本願寺教団の優位性を主張した。
- While writing many books, including, but not limited to 'Hoon-ko Shiki' (Buddhist sutra for Hoon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran)), 'Hongan-ji Shonin Dene' (Buddhist picture scrolls painted about the life of Shinran), ('Godensho' (description of Honganji Shonin Denne (Buddhist picture scrolls painted about the life of Shinran)), 'Shinran Dene'), 'Shuji Sho' ('On Embracing the Name'), 'Kuden Sho' ('What Shinran Taught') and 'Gaija Sho' ('Setting the Claims Straight'), he constantly asserted that Shinran was the legitimate successor of Honen and that the religious order of Hongan-ji should have a leading role in Jodo Shinshu.
- 斎藤一と藤田五郎は別人であるとする説もあるが、実兄である山口廣明の恩給請求書に藤田五郎が親戚として署名していること、藤田五郎の子孫が所蔵する「藤田家文書」が斎藤一を名乗った時期から書きはじめられていることなどから、現在では別人説は否定されている。
- While there is a theory that Hajime SAITO and Goro FUJITA were two distinct persons, currently the 'different person story' is denied due to the findings that Goro FUJITA had signed invoices of government pension for his older blood brother, Hiroaki YAMAGUCHI, as his relative and that the writing of the 'Fujita Family's notes' belonging to Goro FUJITA's offspring started in the first year he identified himself as Hajime SAITO.
- また、大坂城落城後に上方で「花のようなる秀頼様を、鬼のようなる真田が連れて、退きも退いたよ鹿児島へ」という童歌がはやったことなどから、秀頼は死亡しておらず秀吉恩顧の武将により密かに救出され落ち延びたとする脱出・生存の風説が流れたことがうかがえる。
- From a children's song that says 'Sanada like an ogre accompanied by Hideyori like a flower fled as far as Kagoshima' was popular in Kamigata after the fall of the Osaka-jo Castle, we can surmise that there were a rumor about Hideyori's escape and survival and that Hideyori did not die and was secretly relieved by a busho who enjoyed Hideyoshi's favor.
- 天正10年（1582年）、かつての婚約者であった織田信忠を総大将とする織田軍の武田征伐を避ける為、仁科盛信の娘・小督姫ら3人の姫を連れて、武田旧臣が多く住む武州多摩郡恩方（現・東京都八王子市）へ向かい、古刹・金照庵（現・八王子市上恩方町）に入る。
- In 1582, to avoid subjugation of Takeda by the Oda army led by her former fiance, the supreme commander Nobutada ODA, she went to Ongata, Tama County, Bushu (Hachioji City, Tokyo) where many old retainers of the Takeda clan lived to live in kosatsu Kinsho-an (ancient temple, Kinsho-an Retreat) (located in Kamiongata-machi, Hachioji City).
- われわれが祭壇を築いたことが、もし主に従うことをやめるためであり、またその上に、燔祭、素祭をささげるためであり、あるいはまたその上に、酬恩祭の犠牲をささげるためであったならば、主みずから、その罪を問いただしてください。 (ヨシュア記 22:23)
- that we have built us an altar to turn away from following Yahweh; or if to offer burnt offering or meal offering, or if to offer sacrifices of peace offerings, let Yahweh himself require it. (Joshua 22:23)
- また祭日、ついたち、安息日、すなわちイスラエルの家のすべての祝い日に、燔祭、素祭、灌祭を供えるのは、君たる者の務である。すなわち彼はイスラエルの家のあがないのために、罪祭、素祭、燔祭、酬恩祭をささげなければならない。 (エゼキエル書 45:17)
- It shall be the prince's part to give the burnt offerings, and the meal offerings, and the drink offerings, in the feasts, and on the new moons, and on the Sabbaths, in all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meal offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make atonement for the house of Israel. (Ezekiel 45:17)
- これは、鎌倉幕府から新恩あるいは本領安堵の御下文（安堵状）を得ている所領であっても、現実に知行しないまま年数を経たものについては、20年経過した場合には右大将家の例（源頼朝の家中の先例）に従って権利の正当性についての理非を問わずに現状を変更しない。
- This means that a territory, newly given by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or with an official document approving the ownership (Andojo), which has not reigned by the owner in reality for over 20 years, does not allow the actual status changed without discussion about the legitimacy of the rights in accordance with the case of the Udaisho family (the precedent of the family of the MINAMOTO no Yoritomo).
- しかし、あなたがたは、敵を愛し、人によくしてやり、また何も当てにしないで貸してやれ。そうすれば受ける報いは大きく、あなたがたはいと高き者の子となるであろう。いと高き者は、恩を知らぬ者にも悪人にも、なさけ深いからである。 (ルカによる福音書 6:35)
- But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back; and your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High; for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil. (Luke 6:35)
- また建物自体も、本館、表門（正門）、同札売場及び袖塀が1969年（昭和44年）、「旧帝国京都博物館」として国の重要文化財に指定されており、技術資料参考館（旧恩賜京都博物館陳列品収納用倉庫）が2008年（平成20年）、国の登録有形文化財に登録されている。
- For its buildings, the main hall, the front gate (main gate), the ticket office and sodebei (outside wall) were designated as important cultural properties in 1969 as 'the Former Imperial Museum of Kyoto,' and the Technical Materials Center (Kyu Onshi Kyoto Hakubutsukan Chinretsuhin Shunoyo Soko) was designated as a national cultural facility in 2008.
- これらは分轄相続によって、個々には弱小化してしまった小領主たる武士達が、他の勢力に飲み込まれないために、協力してまとまった勢力をつくりあげ、ひとつの武士団として戦に参加し、恩賞を得ようというものであり、「白旗一揆」や「桔梗一揆」はその旗印を名前とした。
- These small feudal bushi lords that weakened individually due to divided inheritance unified together to form a force that would not be pushed down by other forces, joined the battle as one bushidan to gain reward, and names of 'Shirahata Ikki' and 'Kikyo Ikki' came from the emblem on flags.
- 以後も他人和与の禁止と徳政令によって恩給地の流出の阻止を図ろうとする武家政権側と徳政令からの公的保護や対抗文言を備えようとする商人・寺院などの第三者側、更に中世後期には徳政一揆によって流出した土地の回復を図ろうとする農民らを巻き込んだ対立は続いた。
- Thereafter, conflict continued between the military government which tried to prevent the outflow of onkyuchi by banning wayo to others and introducing the tokuseirei and third parties such as merchants and temples that sought to put themselves under public protection from the tokuseirei and to prepare the wording to counter it, further involving peasants who tried to regain lost land by tokusei ikki (an uprising demanding debt cancellations) in late mediaeval times.
- 添田は現役の大蔵官僚としての生活の傍ら、東京帝国大学、東京専門学校（現・早稲田大学）、専修学校（現・専修大学）、学習院などで経済学を講じており（恩師・上司であった田尻稲次郎が設立した専修学校では、同僚・同期の阪谷芳郎とともに出講し商業史などを担当）。
- In addition to working as a regular Ministry of Finance official, Soeda gave a course in economics at Tokyo Imperial University, Tokyo Senmon Gakko (present-day Waseda University), Senshu School (present-day Senshu University), and Gakushuin (at Senchu School, which was established by his former teacher and boss Inajiro TAJIRI, he worked with his colleague, Yoshio SAKATANI, who entered the Ministry in the same year, and they were in charge of classes in history of commerce).
- 特赦、特定の者に対する減刑、刑の執行の免除又は特定の者に対する復権があったときは、法務大臣は、中央更生保護審査会をして、有罪の言渡しをした裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官に特赦状、減刑状、刑の執行の免除状又は復権状（以下「恩赦状」という。）を送付させる。
- When a special pardon, commutation of a sentence with respect to a specific person, remission of execution of a sentence or restoration of rights with respect to a specific person has been granted, the Minister of Justice shall have the National Offenders Rehabilitation Commission send the certificates of special pardon, of commutation of sentence, of remission of execution of sentence, or of restoration of rights (hereinafter referred to as 'the certificate of pardon'), to a public prosecutor of the public prosecutors office corresponding to the court which rendered the judgment of conviction.
- 公署は旧台北市役所（現在の中華民国行政院）に設置され、国民政府代表の陳儀、葛敬恩、柯遠芬、黄朝琴、游弥堅、宋斐如、李万居の他、台湾住民代表として林献堂、陳炘、林茂生、日本側代表として安藤利吉及び諫山春樹が参加し、ここに日本による台湾統治は終焉を迎えた。
- The administrative office was established in the former Taipei municipal office (today's Executive Yuan of the Republic of China) and with Yi CHEN, Jing-en GE, Yuan-fen KE, Chao-qin HUANG, Mi-jian YOU, Fei-ju SUNG and Wan-ju LI representing the National government, Xiantang LIN, Xin CHEN and Mao-sheng LIN on behalf of the residents of Taiwan and Rikichi ANDO and Haruki ISAYAMA representing Japan, the ruling of Taiwan by Japan ended.
- もっとも当時の有力な集団の1つであった親鸞の教団はその没後に浄土真宗として事実上独立することとなりこの4流には含まれておらず、他にも嵯峨 (京都市)二尊院の湛空や知恩院を再興した源智、一念義を唱えた幸西など4流に加わらずに独自の教団を構成した集団が乱立した。
- These four sects do not include Shinran's sect, one of the strongest sects at that time, which became independent as Jodo Shinshu after he died. Other independent sects were founded left and right by other priests such as Tanku of Nison-in Temple in Saga (Kyoto), Genchi who revived Chion-in Temple and Kosei who introduced Ichinen-gi.
- 関ヶ原の戦いに伴う出羽合戦の恩賞で加増され、置賜郡を除く現在の山形県全土と秋田県由利本荘市周辺（1602年、佐竹氏との領土交換により雄勝郡・平鹿郡と引き換えた）を手に入れ、計57万石（実高は100万石とも称する）を領する大大名になり、二度目の最盛期を迎える。
- He gained more territories as a reward for the Battle of Dewa in the Keicho era, which was associated with the Battle of Sekigahara, gained the current whole Yamagata Prefecture and Yurihonjo City, Akita Prefecture (which were replaced by Ogachi County and Hiraka County by agreement with the Satake clan in 1602), became Daidaimyo (a feudal lord having a greater stipend) with a total fief of 570,000 koku (the actual yield was considered 1,000,000 koku) and reached the high watermark again.
- これに答えてローマの使節は「言われたことは、我らが戦争に介入しないほうが、諸君の国家にとってより良いし、有利だということだった。これほど誤っていることはない。なぜなら、介入しないままでいれば、恩顧もなく敬意も払われずに、勝者への褒美とされるのだ」と言いました。
- To this the Roman legate answered:'As for that which has been said, that it is better and more advantageous for your state not to interfere in our war, nothing can be more erroneous;because by not interfering you will be left, without favour or consideration, the guerdon of the conqueror.'
- 徳川家が知恩院の造営に力を入れたのは、徳川家が浄土宗徒であることや知恩院25世超誉存牛（ちょうよぞんぎゅう）が松平氏第5代長親の弟であること、京都における徳川家の拠点とすること、徳川家の威勢を誇示し、朝廷を牽制することといった、政治的な背景もあったと言われている。
- The temple is said to have served as a political backdrop and that the reasons why the Tokugawa family put so much effort into its construction include that they were followers of the Pure Land sect, the 25th generation head-priest Choyo Zongyu was the brother of Nagachika MATSUDAIRA, it was a focal point of the Tokugawa family in Kyoto and demonstrated their power as well as keeping the Imperial Court in check.
- こうして君主は、その君主国を奪うときに傷つけたあらゆる人たちを敵にまわし、自分をその地位につけた人々も、彼らが期待したようには満足させることができないので、味方につけておくとはできず、しかも彼らに恩義を感じるため、彼らにたいして強硬な手段をとることもできないのです。
- In this way you have enemies in all those whom you have injured in seizing that principality, and you are not able to keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able to satisfy them in the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound to them.
- こうして君主は、その君主国を奪うときに傷つけたあらゆる人たちを敵にまわし、自分をその地位につけた人々も、彼らが期待したようには満足させることができないので、味方につけておくことはできず、しかも彼らに恩義を感じるため、彼らにたいして強硬な手段をとることもできないのです。
- In this way you have enemies in all those whom you have injured in seizing that principality, and you are not able to keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able to satisfy them in the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound to them.
- 前項の命令は、判決確定の日から六箇月以内にこれをしなければならない。但し、上訴権回復若しくは再審の請求、非常上告又は恩赦の出願若しくは申出がされその手続が終了するまでの期間及び共同被告人であつた者に対する判決が確定するまでの期間は、これをその期間に算入しない。
- The order set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be rendered within six months from the date when the judgment becomes final and binding; provided, however, that, where a request to restore the right to appeal or a request for a retrial, an extraordinary appeal, or an application or request for a pardon is made, the period before these proceedings have finished shall not be included in this period. Neither shall the period before the judgment becomes final nor binding for persons who are co-defendants be included in this period.
- 表は大きく分けると、天皇の元服、立后、立太子や朔旦冬至などの慶事に奉られる賀表（がひょう）、天皇から皇親への譲位や封戸・随身などの特権など天皇から賜る恩恵を辞退する際に奉られる抗表（こうひょう）、官職辞任・致仕する際に奉られる辞表（じひょう）の3種類があった。
- There were three major different types of Hyo: Gahyo (handed at celebratory occasions such as Emperor's Genpuku [coming of age], investitures of the Empress or the Crown Prince and Sakutan Toji [celebration when the winter solstice falls on November 1 of the lunar calendar. Once in 19 years, this is an auspicious day and has been celebrated at the court]), Kohyo (handed when the Emperor's family members wished to decline the Emperor's offer of abdication of the throne or people to decline the offers of privileges such as Fuko [salary] or Zuishin [having bodyguards]) and Jihyo (handed when people wished to resign or leave their government posts).
- 田中総理大臣及び大平外務大臣と周恩来総理及び姫鵬飛外交部長は、日中両国間の国交正常化問題をはじめとする両国間の諸問題及び双方が関心を有するその他の諸問題について、終始、友好的な雰囲気のなかで真剣かつ率直に意見を交換し、次の両政府の共同声明を発出することに合意した。
- Prime Minister Tanaka and Minister for Foreign Affairs Ohira had an earnest and frank exchange of views with Premier Chou En-lai and Minister for Foreign Affairs Chi Peng-fei in a friendly atmosphere throughout on the question of the normalization of relations between Japan and China and other problems between the two countries as well as on other matters of interest to both sides, and agreed to issue the following Joint Communique of the two Governments:
- こうしたなかで将軍綱吉は徐々に助命に傾くが、かつての自分の裁断が過ちだったことを認めてしまうことにもなりかねないので、皇族から出された恩赦という形を得るため、輪王寺門主として上野寛永寺に居住する公弁法親王に拝謁し、それとなく法親王から恩赦を出すよう依頼するに至った。
- Under these circumstances, Shogun Tsunayoshi was leaning toward saving their lives; however, it could mean that he admitted his decisions made in the past were wrong, and therefore he arranged to meet Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben who resided at Ueno Kanei-ji Temple as a chief priest of Rinno-ji Temple and indirectly asked him to grant a pardon in order to make it look like it was a member of the Imperial Family who granted a pardon.
- しかし個々の恩賞は新羅の軍事力の中核であった中央貴族の私兵層へは与えられず、活躍した地方豪族や百済・高句麗から投降した官・将を積極的に取り立て、王の直接の支配の及ぶ軍事力の育成に努めたのは、武烈王の論功行賞に倣ったものであり、新羅の王権の拡大に寄与することとなった。
- However, individual reward grants were not given to private soldiers of nobles in the capital although they worked as the core of the military forces of Silla, but powerful local clans who had distinguished services, as well as commanders and generals who surrendered from Baekje and Goguryeo, were treated favorably in order to foster the military forces under the direct control of the king, following the reward-oriented policy taken by King Muyeol, and this contributed to expansion of the sovereignty of Silla.
- また元の侵攻は阻止したものの、今までの幕府の戦争と違い全くの外国が相手であったため、この戦いによって実質的に獲得したものは何も無く、そのため出征した武士（御家人）への恩賞の支払いが少なかったこともあって、「いざ鎌倉」といった幕府と御家人との信頼関係を損ねる結果となる。
- And although the bakufu managed to fend off the Mongol invasions, these two battles were unlike any previous conflicts in that the enemy was from a genuinely foreign country, meaning that no land to speak of had been confiscated and thus that there was very little with which to reward the warriors (gokenin) who had fought to repulse the invaders, which led to a souring of the relationship between the bakufu and its gokenin, who had faithfully responded to the bakufu's emergency summons.
- あなたはわたしに先立ってギルガルに下らなければならない。わたしはあなたのもとに下っていって、燔祭を供え、酬恩祭をささげるでしょう。わたしがあなたのもとに行って、あなたのしなければならない事をあなたに示すまで、七日のあいだ待たなければならない」。 (サムエル記上 10:8)
- 'You shall go down before me to Gilgal; and behold, I will come down to you, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice sacrifices of peace offerings: you shall wait seven days, until I come to you, and show you what you shall do.' (1 Samuel 10:8)
- 『日本書紀』の皇極天皇元年（642年）7月12日 (旧暦)「乙亥 饗百濟使人大佐平智積等於朝 或本云 百濟使人大佐平智積及兒達率 闕名 恩率軍善乃命健兒相撲於翹岐前」にあるとおり百済の王族の使者をもてなすため、健児（こんでい・ちからひと）に相撲を取らせたことが書かれている。
- The 'Nihonshoki' states 'The emperor entertained ambassadors from Paekche including Chishaku TAISAHEI at the Imperial Court, and he told strong men to have sumo matches in front of Gyogi,' kondei (regular soldiers guarding kokubu (ancient provincial offices)) had sumo matches to entertain a royal envoy from Paekche on August 15, 642.
- また、あなたがたの喜びの日、あなたがたの祝いの時、および月々の第一日には、あなたがたの燔祭と酬恩祭の犠牲をささげるに当って、ラッパを吹き鳴らさなければならない。そうするならば、あなたがたの神は、それによって、あなたがたを覚えられるであろう。わたしはあなたがたの神、主である」。 (民数記 10:10)
- 'Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of your months, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God. I am Yahweh your God.' (Numbers 10:10)
- 義弘は将軍家からの御恩の深さを感謝しながらも、今川了俊に従軍しての九州での戦い、明徳の乱、南北朝合一、少弐氏退治での自らの功績を述べ、それにも関わらず将軍家は和泉国と紀伊国を取り上げようとし、また先年の少弐氏との戦いで討ち死にした弟の満弘の子への恩賞がない不満を述べる。
- Yoshihiro said that he remained grateful for the deep favor the shogunal family had bestowed on him, but also listed his own accomplishments in the battles in Kyushu joining forces with Ryoshun IMAGAWA, in the Meitoku rebellion, in unifying the Southern and Northern Courts, and in the annihilation of the Shoni family before pointing out his dissatisfaction that despite these deeds, the Ashikaga family was trying to remove Izumi and Kii Provinces from his governance, and the fact that his nephew, the son of his younger brother Mitsuhiro - who had died in battle during the recent campaign against the Shoni family - had received no reward for his father's service.
- 公儀に対し奉り、忠節の輩に、御恩賞・御褒美を加えられたく候と雖も、領中等之なきに於ては、信長分領の内を以ても、上意次第に申し付くべきの事（将軍家に対して忠節を尽くした者に恩賞・褒美をやりたくても、将軍には領地が無いのだから、信長が分国の中で都合をつけることにすること）。
- 公儀に対し奉り,忠節の輩に,御恩賞・御褒美を加えられたく候と雖も,領中等之なきに於ては,信長分領の内を以ても,上意次第に申し付くべきの事 (Should it happen that the shogun wishes to recognize or reward those who have given loyal service to kogi [the public authority, i.e., the shogun] without there being estates available for that purpose, Nobunaga will allot such, if must be, from his own domains, as the shogun may require.)
- 平安時代の『小右記』によれば、朝廷の会議での多数意見が関白藤原頼通の反対によって否認されて頼通が支持した少数意見による方策が実施されたケースがあり、時代が下って鎌倉幕府でも評定衆が全員一致で反対した日蓮に対する恩赦が決裁者である執権北条時宗によって実施されたケースがある。
- According to the 'Shoyuki (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)' in the Heian period, there was a case where the major opinion in the conference of the Imperial court was denied by the opposition of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, a chief adviser to the Emperor, and another minor opinion supported by Yorimichi was implemented, and in another case more recently, amnesty for Nichiren, which was opposed by all hyojoshu (chamber of government affairs and justice) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was implemented by Tokimune HOJO, a regent to the shogunate, who was the odd man.
- 昭和3年（1928年）に講談社が発行した雑誌「キング (雑誌)」に、「恩賜の御衣今此に在り捧持して日毎余香を拝す」のパロディ「坊主のうんこ今此に在り捧持して日毎余香を拝す」が掲載されたところ、講談社はもとより伊香保温泉滞在中の講談社社長野間清治の元にまで暴漢らが押し寄せた。
- In 1928, when the magazine 'King,' published by Kodansha Ltd., introduced the poem 'Saying a prayer each day to the lingering scent on the poop the monk left behind' which parodied Michizane's 'Saying a prayer each day to the lingering scent on the garment the teacher left behind,' violent crowds attacked not only the Kodansha office but also the Ikaho-onsen Hot Spring where the company president, Seiji NOMA, was staying.
- 『太平記』によると、北陸で幕府軍に敗北し吉野に戻った脇屋義助に、後村上天皇が恩賞を与えたことについて、富士川の戦いで敗走した平維盛を昇進させた平清盛の故事を引き合いに出して、強く反発したが、四条隆資にその発言のつたなさを指摘されると、一言も反論できず部屋を出ていったという。
- According to 'Taiheiki,' he deeply opposed the Onsho (reward grants) Emperor Gomurakami granted to Yoshisuke WAKIYA who had returned to Yoshino after being defeated by the army of bakufu in Hokuriku region, referring to the historical event of TAIRA no Kiyomori who promoted TAIRA no Koremori having been defeated and routed in the Battle of Fujigawa, but, when Takasuke SHIJO pointed out the awkwardness of his remarks, he left the room without a word of refutation.
- 亀井茲矩はこうした東アジアへの関心に影響されてか、1582年に豊臣秀吉が本能寺の変に対応して中国大返しによって姫路城に戻った6月7日の翌日、毛利と講和したため茲矩に約束していた出雲半国を与えられなくなった代わりに恩賞となる別国の希望を聞いたところ「琉球国を賜りたい」と答えた。
- Influenced by such an interest in the East Asia, on the next day of June seventh (old calendar), 1582, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI went back to Himeji-jo Castle on the occasion of Chugoku Ogaeshi, responding to the Honnoji Incident, Korenori KAMEI answered 'I would like to receive Ryukyu Province,' to Hideyoshi when asked which province he wanted as a reward instead of the half of Izumo Province, which had been promised to Korenori but became no longer available because of the pacification with the Mori clan.
- ただあなたがたと、われわれとの間、およびわれわれの後の子孫の間に、証拠とならせて、われわれが、燔祭と犠牲、および酬恩祭をもって、主の前で、主につとめをするためである。こうすれば、のちの日になって、あなたがたの子孫が、われわれの子孫に、「あなたがたは主の民の特権がありません」とは言わないであろう』。 (ヨシュア記 22:27)
- but it will be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we may perform the service of Yahweh before him with our burnt offerings, with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings;' that your children may not tell our children in time to come, 'You have no portion in Yahweh.' (Joshua 22:27)
- しかし、恩赦そのものが濫発されたうえ、本来政治とは無関係である寛永寺や増上寺による口添えの存在、しかもその口添えは受刑者の家族しか出来ない事など（独身者には困難である）様々な問題を抱えており、更に個々の受刑者の恩赦の是非は評定所の個別の審議を経たためにその適用基準も曖昧であった。
- This system had various problems, however, including that of pardons granted too frequently; of temples Kanei-ji and Zojo-ji that were supposedly apolitical were allowed to recommend pardons; of recommendations that only the family of a convict were allowed to ask for (thus it was hardly possible for convicts who had no relatives); and of obscure criteria for granting a pardon because the conference chamber discussed the propriety of each case separately.
- だが、鎌倉幕府から見れば他人和与は御家人領の散逸のみならず、幕府と主従関係にある御家人にあたえた恩給知行が、主従関係にない第三者に和与された場合、第三者には「御恩」に対する「奉公」の義務が無く、義務違反による恩給地の取り戻し（収公）が不可能になるという問題も生じる可能性があった。
- From the standpoint of the Kamakura bakufu, however, wayo to others could lead territories of shogunal retainers to be scattered and lost as well as cause a problem that if the fief given to shogunal retainers who had a master-servant relationship with the bakufu as onkyu (rewards from a master to a vassal) was subject to wayo to a third party who was not in the master-servant relationship, the bakufu could not claim back the onkyuchi (land awarded by the lord) in compensation for the breach of obligations, as such third party was not obliged to 'serve' in exchange for the 'favor.'
- この御家人制は平安時代以降の土地制度である荘園公領制に立脚した守護地頭制に由来し、御家人に対して先祖伝来の所領の地頭に任命する本領安堵、また武功に対して新たに地頭に人目し所領を与える新恩給与による御恩を受ける代わりに鎌倉殿の課す軍役や京都大番役、鎌倉番役を課す奉公によって成立している。
- The lower-ranking vassal system originated from the Shugo and Jito system based on shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates) which was the land system after the Heian period, and it consisted of honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) where gokenin were appointed to Jito of the territory inherited from the ancestor and military service imposed by Kamakura-dono or the service of Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) and Kamakura Banyaku (guards of Kamakura), instead of giving a favor by shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) where Jito was newly given a territory for their deed of valor.
- 北は神宮道から青蓮院に始まり、知恩院、円山公園、八坂神社、神幸道などを経由し、大雲院 (京都市)祇園閣を眺め圓徳院、高台寺、ねねの道、一年坂、二年坂から清水寺までの行路の足元を仄かに照らすさまざまな行灯や催し物を見ながら歩く人々の群れで、早春の東山はしばし賑わい、幻想的な色合いに包まれる。
- Higashiyama in the early spring is enveloped by a fantastic atmosphere, briefly attracting people, who walk, while seeing some events and various lanterns illuminating faintly their feet on the path, starting from Jingumichi road and Shoren-in Temple in the north, via Chion-in Temple, Maruyama Park, Yasaka-jinja Shrine and Shinkomichi road, viewing Daiun-in Temple Gion-kaku (Kyoto), to Entoku-in, Kodai-ji Temple, Nene no Michi (The Path of Nene), Ichinenzaka slope, Ninenzaka slope, and Kiyomizu-dera Temple.
- 主人の軍事行動に当たり家来が手勢を引き連れ参陣し、又は戦場において軍功を挙げた場合（奉公）、主人はこれに対し、その「参陣」「軍功」が単なる私闘・私戦ではなく正当性のある「公戦」におけるものだと認定し、御恩と奉公御恩したり、新領地を恩賞として与えたり（御恩と奉公御恩）すべきものとされていた。
- When vassals participated in military action initiated by their lord with their own soldiers or showed their military exploits on the battlefield (contributing service), the lords were in return required to recognize 'participation' and 'military exploits' of the vassals not for their own private battle or war but for a legitimate 'official battle' in order that they be granted favor and compensated for their service, or receive new territory as a reward (the granting of favor and compensation for service).
- 冬の陣では出陣させるのは譜代大名のみに限ろうと考えていた徳川家康は、この夏の陣においては豊臣恩顧の大名に敢えて大坂を攻めさせることにより、将来的に徳川家に掛かってくる倫理的な非難を回避しようとしたとされている（江戸時代に徳川家が豊臣家を滅ぼしたことに対する道徳的議論が起こることはなかった。
- It is said that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA thought to use only fudai daimyo (daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) to go into battles of the Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), while in the Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka) by ordering the daimyo who had been favored by the Toyotomi Family to attack Osaka Castle, he tried to avoid ethical accusation to the Tokugawa Family in later years.
- 平将門の乱において平将門が国司襲撃という公に対する反逆行為に出るまで鎮圧を行わなかったこと（逆に私戦を行って秩序を乱している点では対立する平貞盛なども同一であり、将門の乱初期においては将門に貞盛追討が命じられたこともある）や後三年の役において源義家の配下に恩賞を与えなかった事がその例である。
- One of the examples is that TAIRA no Masakado's War was not suppressed until TAIRA no Masakado staged a rebellious act attacking a provincial governor (although TAIRA no Sadamori on the opposing side was similar in that he had disturbed the peace and at the beginning of Masakado's War he had been ordered to hunt down and kill Sadamori), and another example is that, for the Go Sannen no Eki (Later Three-Year Campaign), reward grants were not given to the subordinates of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.
- その後、応徳3年（1086年）に頼俊が延久蝦夷合戦での恩賞を求めて記したとされる前陸奥守源頼俊申文写には「前陸奥守従五位上源朝臣頼俊誠惶誠恐謹言、…依 綸旨召進武蔵国住人平常家、伊豆国●●●散位惟房朝臣、条条之勤不恥先蹤者也…」と記してあり、延久蝦夷合戦において豊島常家らの活躍も記している。
- In the moshibumi utsushi (copy of general term for a request or petition submitted by a lower authority to a higher) by the former Mutsu no kami MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi, which they say he wrote to request reward in the Battle against Ezo in the Enkyu era, there is a description '前陸奥守従五位上源朝臣頼俊誠惶誠恐謹言、…依 綸旨召進武蔵国住人平常家、伊豆国●●●散位惟房朝臣、条条之勤不恥先蹤者也…,' as well as description of great success of Tsuneie TOYOSHIMA in the Battle against Ezo in the Enkyu era.
- さらに、親鸞は自らを深く内省することによって、阿弥陀仏が誓願を起こして仏と成ったと『仏説無量寿経』で説かれていることは、「親鸞一人のためであった」と、阿弥陀仏の本願力を自己のもの、つまり我々一人一人のためであったと受け止め、称名念仏は、行 (仏教)ではなく、その報恩謝徳のためであると勧め教化した。
- Moreover, Shinran (founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect) following a conscious effort at deep introspection elucidated a view that, Amitabha took an oath to build Buddhism as preached in the 'Immeasurable Life Buddhist Teachings' which, 'were written as if just for Shinran' and which, for all intents and purposes are read as if applying to each and everyone of us, and are not just Buddhist chants for intoning but a means to express gratitude for Buddha his teachers and dharma.
- 第二項に規定する恩赦状の交付及び前項の通知は、これを本人の住居のある地を管轄する保護観察所の長、本人の住居のある地を管轄する裁判所に対応する検察庁の検察官又は本人が収容されている刑事施設（本人が労役場又は監置場に留置されている場合における当該刑事施設を含む。）若しくは少年院の長に嘱託することができる。
- The provision of delivering the certificate of pardon prescribed in paragraph (2) and of issuing the notice set forth in the preceding paragraph may be commissioned to the director of the probation office who has jurisdiction over the area where the residence of the person in question is located, or to a public prosecutor of the public prosecutors office corresponding to the court which has jurisdiction over the area where the residence of the person in question is located, or to the warden of the penal institution (including penal institutions where the person in question is housed in a workhouse or a place of court-ordered confinement) or the superintendent of the juvenile training school in which the person in question is housed.
- 社会は契約に基礎を置くものではないし、そこから社会的義務を導き出すために契約をでっち上げてもたいして役には立たないとはいえ、社会の保護を受けている人はだれもが恩義に報いる義務を負っているし、また社会に生きているという事実から、各人が残りの人たちにたいする行為の一定の秩序を守ることが不可欠となるのです。
- Though society is not founded on a contract, and though no good purpose is answered by inventing a contract in order to deduce social obligations from it, every one who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit, and the fact of living in society renders it indispensable that each should be bound to observe a certain line of conduct towards the rest.
- 前章の規定は、刑事事件若しくは少年の保護事件に係る裁判、検察官、検察事務官若しくは司法警察職員が行う処分、刑若しくは保護処分の執行、更生緊急保護又は恩赦に係る保有個人情報（当該裁判、処分若しくは執行を受けた者、更生緊急保護の申出をした者又は恩赦の上申があった者に係るものに限る。）については、適用しない。
- The provisions of the preceding chapter shall not apply to Retained Personal Information pertaining to a judgment in a criminal case or juvenile case, a disposition executed by a public prosecutor, public prosecutor's assistant officer, or judicial police official, execution of a punishment or protective measure, post-incarceration rehabilitation services, or pardon (limited to Retained Personal Information pertaining to a person who received the said judgment or measure, a person to whom the punishment or protective measure was executed, a person who applied for post-incarceration rehabilitation services, or a person who filed a petition for pardon).
- 三条はこの中で、天皇に数千年も親しく恵みを受けてきた京都・大坂の人々の動揺と、徳川氏に300年恩恵を受けてきた関東の人々に恨みや失望を与えることの利害得失を比べ、関東の人心に京都・大坂の盛衰や国の興廃がかかっているのであり、京都・大坂を失っても地勢に優れる東京を失わなければ天下を失うことはないと述べた。
- Sanjo compared the advantages and disadvantages from the dismay of the people of Kyoto and Osaka who had received the emperor's kind blessings for over a thousand years, and the animosity and despair that the people of Kanto who had received over the 300 years of favors from the Tokugawa clan, and said that the world would not be lost if Kyoto or Osaka was lost due to the geographically superior Tokyo because the destiny of the country and the rise and fall of Kyoto and Osaka fell upon the hearts of those in Kanto.
- 建武の新政は表面上は復古的であるが、内実は蒙古的な天皇専制を目指し、武家を排除した公家中心の政権運営を敷き、性急な改革、土地訴訟への対応の不備や恩賞の不公平、大内裏建設計画などその施策の大半が各方面、特に武士勢力の不満を呼び、また有名な二条河原の落書に観られるようにその無能を批判され、権威を全く失墜した。
- The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be a reactionary movement, but was in fact an old and ignorant imperial dictatorship, and most of the measures introduced, such as aristocracy-centered political management that excluded the samurai, sudden reforms, inability to handle lawsuits for land, inequality in rewards, and the unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, especially in the samurai class. As a consequence, criticism of the government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in the famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and the government completely lost power over the public.
- これは当時の町・村が高い自治意識を持って外部からの干渉を極力排除しようとした表れであったが、その一方で共同体の自治機能に基づく「内済」による解決の論理は、封建権力から見れば民衆間の揉め事は共同体内部で解決すべき問題であると捉え、支配者（公儀）は民衆に対する「恩恵」として訴願の権利を与える存在に過ぎなかった。
- This shows that towns and villages of the times had a strong sense of autonomy enough to eliminate interference of outside as much as possible, on the other hand, in the logic of the settlement out of court based on the autonomous function of community, feudal authories considered the conflict between people was supposed to be settled in the community, and that governors (kogi) were only taking a position that could give a right of appeal to people as a 'benefit'.
- 大統領は、合衆国の陸海軍及び合衆国の軍務に実際に就くため召集された各州の民兵の最高司令官である。大統領は行政各部の長官から、それぞれの部の職務に関するいかなる事項についても、文書による意見を求めることができる。大統領はまた合衆国に対する犯罪につき、弾劾の場合を除いて、刑の執行延期及び恩赦を行う権限を有する。
- The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
- 私の目的は、自然とその支配者の美しさと恩恵について雄弁に語りながら、キリスト教的理論体系のいわゆる不合理にたいする軽蔑しか抱いていない理神論者の友人に、彼らもまた私たちよりもましな状態にあるわけではなく、私たちの立場に見出される困難のそれぞれに応じて、彼らの立場にも同じくらい重大な困難があるということを、示すことでした。
- My object was to show my deistical friends, who set forth so eloquently the beauty and beneficence of Nature and the Ruler thereof, while they had nothing but scorn for the so-called absurdities of the Christian scheme, that they were in no better condition than we were, and that, for every difficulty found upon our side, quite as great a difficulty was to be found upon theirs.
- また、御成敗式目制定時には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返は他人和与の例に準じて認められていなかった（これは公家法と同様であった）が、仁治元年（1240年）に本主（元の所有者）に父母の礼をなすか恩顧によって分与を得たものが本主に敵対する行動をとった場合には悔返の対象とされ、正応3年（1290年）には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返が全面的に認められた。
- Also, when Goseibai-shikimoku was established, the Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins were not allowed as well as the cases of a compromise with a third person (same as in Kugeho), but in 1240, when the person who received the property from the previous owner for treating the owner's parents well or from patronage became hostile against the owner, it was to be the subject for Kuikaeshi; and in 1290, all Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins became legal.
- 『百器徒然袋』の解説文に「保元の夜軍に鎌田政清、手がらをなせしも我ゆへなれば、いかなる恩もたぶべきに、手がたをつけんと前輪のあたりつけらるれば、気も魂もきえぎえとなりしとおしみて唄ふ声、いとおもしろく夢のうちにおもいぬ」とあることから、策略によって主君共々殺害された源氏の家臣・鎌田政清が使用していた馬の鞍が変化して生まれた妖怪とされる。
- According to the commentary of 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' containing the description of '保元の夜軍に鎌田政清、手がらをなせしも我ゆへなれば、いかなる恩もたぶべきに、手がたをつけんと前輪のあたりつけらるれば、気も魂もきえぎえとなりしとおしみて唄ふ声、いとおもしろく夢のうちにおもいぬ,' it is regarded that the specter was transmuted from the saddle of Masakiyo KAMATA's horse; Masakiyo, a vassal of the Minamoto clan, was plotted to be killed with his lord.
- 戦国時代になると、大名は主従関係の安定化のため、寄親となった有力武士の権利を保障し、寄子が濫りに寄親を変えることを禁じたり、大名への訴訟は寄親を通じて行うことを命じて、強制力を持たせる一方、寄親が寄子に恩給を与えなかったり、その他寄子に対する不当な扱いを行った場合には寄親を変えさせるなど、寄子を自己の軍事力として確保する政策が取られた。
- In the Sengoku period, in order to stabilize the master-servant relationship, daimyo guaranteed the rights of the dominant samurai who had become Yorioya, prohibited Yoriko from changing Yorioya, and gave Yorioya a legal force by ordering that lawsuits against daimyo should be filed through Yorioya; on the other hand, they adopted a policy to secure Yoriko as their military force by allowing Yoriko change Yorioya if Yorioya didn't give Onkyu (rewards from master to a vassal) or if Yorioya mistreated Yoriko.
- それに、すべての臣民に武装させることができないにしても、武装させた者には恩恵を施すと、他の者はもっと思うがままにあつかえるし、この処遇の差は、まったくそのとおりだと了解されて、それによって武装している者は君主に依存するようになり、また武装していない者は、危険が大きく、服務も重い者がそれだけ報酬が大きいのも当然と思い、君主を大目に見るのです。
- And whereas all subjects cannot be armed, yet when those whom you do arm are benefited, the others can be handled more freely, and this difference in their treatment, which they quite understand, makes the former your dependants, and the latter, considering it to be necessary that those who have the most danger and service should have the most reward, excuse you.
- And whereas all subjects cannot be armed, yet when those whom you do arm are benefited, the others can be handled more freely, and this difference in their treatment, which they quite understand, makes the former your dependents, and the latter, considering it to be necessary that those who have the most danger and service should have the most reward, excuse you.
- 平治元年（1159年）の平治の乱の際には、藤原信頼が勝手に行った論功行賞で武士を厚遇するのを見て、「人を多く殺した者が恩賞に与るのであれば、どうして三条殿の井戸に官位が与えられないのか」と発言、乱の首謀者である信頼を痛烈に皮肉ったと伝えられる（信頼方の軍勢が三条殿を焼き討ちした際に、多くの女官らが井戸に飛び込んで死亡したことを揶揄したもの）。
- After the Heiji War in 1159, reportedly, Koremichi watched FUJIWARA no Nobuyori make awards at his own sweet will and treat samurai (warriors) favorably, saying 'If those who killed many persons get prizes, why no official rank is given to the well in Sanjo-dono,' and thus severely criticized Nobuyori who was the leader of the War (His words were to ridicule the fact that many court ladies killed themselves by jumping into the well when Nobuyori-side's army surrounded the Sanjo-dono).
- こ の法律は、犯罪をした者及び非行のある少年に対し、社会内において適切な処遇を行うことにより、再び犯罪をすることを防ぎ、又はその非行をなくし、これら の者が善良な社会の一員として自立し、改善更生することを助けるとともに、恩赦の適正な運用を図るほか、犯罪予防の活動の促進等を行い、もって、社会を保 護し、個人及び公共の福祉を増進することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, with regard to persons who have committed crimes and juvenile delinquents, to prevent them from re-offending or eliminate their delinquencies and assist them to become self-reliant as sound members of society and improve and rehabilitate themselves by treating them properly within society, and to ensure the suitable operation of pardons and promote crime prevention activity, etc., thereby to protect society and enhance the welfare of individuals and the public.
- 恩赦法（昭和二十二年法律第二十号）第十二条の規定による中央更生保護審査会の申出は、刑事施設（少年法（昭和二十三年法律第百六十八号）第五十六条第三項の規定により少年院において刑を執行する場合における当該少年院を含む。以下第一条の二、第六条、第八条及び第十一条第三項において同じ。）若しくは保護観察所の長又は検察官の上申があった者に対してこれを行うものとする。
- Pursuant to the provisions of Article 12 of the Pardon Act (Act No. 20 of 1947) a recommendation by the National Offenders Rehabilitation Commission shall be made with respect to those persons for whom there has been a petition by a penal institution (including the juvenile training school concerned when the sentence is served in a juvenile training school under the provision of paragraph (3) of Article 56 of the Juvenile Act (Act No. 168 of 1948), hereinafter the same shall apply to Article 1-2, Article 6, Article 8 and paragraph (3) of Article 11), warden, the director of the probation office or by the public prosecutor.
- これは岩手大学講師であった橋本昌幸（2003年（平成15年）11月25日没75歳）が竹中要の説に従い交配した桜はソメイヨシノに似ず、橋本の助言がきっかけで中村郁郎らがDNA解析からオオシマザクラと上野恩賜公園のコマツオトメを交配し2008年春に千葉大学園芸部で5本を鉢に植え、4年または5年後の2012年または2013年にソメイヨシノが再現されると見込んでいる。
- Masayuki HASHIMOTO, a lecturer at Iwate Univesity (who died on November 25, 2003, at the age of 75), followed the theory by Kaname TAKENAKA but couldn't breed a cherry tree similar to Someiyoshino; however, based on advice by Hashimoto, Ikuo NAKAMURA and others, from the DNA analysis, he crossbred the Oshima cherry and Komatsuotome of Ueno Onshi Koen park and planted five trees in pots at Chiba University's Faculty of Horticulture, expecting them to be reappear four or five years later (2012 or 2013) as Someiyoshino.
- また、『綜藝種智院式并序』において「物の興廃は必ず人に由る, 人の昇沈は定んで道にあり」と、学校の存続が運営に携わる人の命運に左右される不安定なものであることを認めたうえで、「一人恩を降し、三公力をあわせ、諸氏の英貴諸宗の大徳、我と志を同じうせば、百世継ぐを成さん」と、天皇、大臣諸侯や仏教諸宗の支持・協力のもとに運営することで恒久的な存続を図る方針を示している。
- In 'Shugeishuchiin shiki-narabini-jo,' he wrote his policy of maintaining the facility permanently through operations under the support and cooperation of Emperor, ministers, lords and all Buddhist sects, as described in the following: First, he admitted that the existence of the school was unstable, depending on the destiny of the persons operating it, saying 'The prosperity and demise always depends on the persons concerned, and the ups and downs of a person always depends on whether the person conducts himself or herself correctly or not, and then he described 'This school will exist for 100 generations, if a person shows favors, three high level bureaucrats (sanko) cooperate, and with the noble and prosperous clans and the big virtues of various sects, their aspirations are the same as those of mine.'
- 五十二年秋九月丁卯朔丙子 久氐等從千熊長彥詣之 則獻七枝刀一口 七子鏡一面及種種重寶 仍啟曰 臣國以西有水 源出自谷那鐵山 其邈七日行之不及 當飲是水 便取是山鐵以永奉聖朝 乃謂孫枕流王曰 今我所通東海貴國 是天所啟 是以垂天恩 割海西而賜我 由是國基永固 汝當善脩和好 聚斂土物 奉貢不絕 雖死何恨 自是後 每年相續朝貢焉（『日本書紀』神功皇后摂政五十二年九月の条）
- In September 252, the king of Paekche, met Nagahiko CHIKUMA, an envoy from Japan, and gave him one seven-pronged sword, one nanatsuko no kagami (a mirror with seven small decoration mirrors), and various other treasures, hoping to form a friendship ('Nihonshoki,' from the article dated September 252 during the reign of Empress Jingu).
- 法親王は幕末まで皇室と縁の深い門跡の任を務める役割を果たしていたが、明治時代初頭、明治維新がはじると僧籍の皇族は次々に還俗し、仁和寺宮純仁法親王が小松宮彰仁親王、輪王寺宮公現法親王が北白川宮能久親王、知恩院宮尊秀法親王が華頂宮博経親王、梶井宮覚諄入道親王が後に梨本宮守脩親王として世俗に戻るなどして、明治以降は僧籍の親王はいなくなり、法親王の呼称も用いられなくなった。
- Hoshinno played the part of Monzeki (a temple at which the head priest had always been a member of the imperial family or nobility) that had a deep connection with the imperial court until the end of the Edo period, the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, but at the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, the imperial family resigned from the priesthood one after the other, and Ninnajinomiya Sumihito Hoshinno became secular again as Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Akihito, Rinnojinomiya Kogen Hoshinno as Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, Chioninnomiya Sonshu Hosshinno as Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune and Kajiinomiya Kakujun Nyudo Shinno as Imperial Prince Nashimotonomiya Moriosa, and as a result from the Meiji period, Shinno who had become a priest, disappeared and the title Hoshinno was no longer used.
- 倒幕の功に応じて十分な恩賞を与えられた武士は、足利尊氏、新田義貞、楠木正成ら一部に過ぎず、最初から倒幕運動に加わって六波羅攻略に功を立てた赤松則村（円心）が播磨国の守護職を没収されたり、1つの土地に何人もの領主が現れて混乱するなど倒幕の功に対する恩賞が不公平で、新政の初期から武士の不満は強かったと推測され、後醍醐の近臣である吉田定房や千種忠顕が詰め腹を切らされる形で出家させられている。
- Those who were amply rewarded for their meritorious contribution to the shogunate's defeat--Takauji ASHIKAGA, Yoshisada NITTA, Masashige KUSUNOKI, etc.--were only a tiny fraction of those who fought, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU, who had joined the struggle to overthrow the shogunate from the very beginning, was forced to forfeit his Protectorship of Harima Province, and the chaos caused by situations, like when a single plot of land found itself with multiple owners, showed the unfairness of the system to reward distinguished service against the shogunate, making it likely that discontent against the new government was strong right from the beginning; but Emperor Godaigo's vassals Sadafusa YOSHIDA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA were made to take the blame for this situation and were driven out of office and forced to take the tonsure.
- 暴動又は反乱を鎮圧するための軍務に対する恩給及び賜金を支払う目的で起債された公債を含め、合衆国の法律で認められた国債の効力は、これを争うことができない。しかし、合衆国に対する暴動若しくは反乱を援助するために生じた負債若しくは債務に対して、又は奴隷の喪失若しくは解放を理由とする請求に対しては、合衆国又はいかなる州もこれを負担又は支弁してはならない。これらの負債、債務及び請求は、すべて違法にして無効である。
- The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
- 別格本山 金剛王院（京都市伏見区）、理性院（醍醐寺山内）、報恩院（醍醐寺山内）、無量寿院（醍醐寺山内）、品川寺（東京都品川区）、塩船観音（東京都青梅市）、大明王院（川崎市高津区）、永安寺（石川県金沢市）、法界寺（京都市伏見区）、金胎寺（京都府和束町）、松尾寺 (大和郡山市)（奈良県大和郡山市）、千光寺 (生駒郡平群町)（奈良県平群町）、龍泉寺 (天川村)（奈良県天川村）、龍華寺（広島県世羅町）、十波羅蜜寺（香川県三豊市）、西山興隆寺（愛媛県西条市）
- Bekkaku-honzan (special head temples): Kongoo-in (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Risho-in Temple (in the precincts of Daigo-ji Temple), Hoon-in (in the precincts of Daigo-ji Temple), Muryoju-in (in the precincts of Daigo-ji Temple), Honsen-ji Temple (Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo), Shiofune Kannon (Ome City, Tokyo), Daimyoo-in Temple (Takatsu Ward, Kawasaki City), Eian-ji Temple (Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture), Hokai-ji Temple (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Kontai-ji Temple (Wazuka-cho, Kyoto Prefecture), Matsuo-dera Temple (Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture), Senko-ji Temple (Heguri-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture), Ryusen-ji Temple (Tenkawa-mura, Nara Prefecture), Ryuge-ji Temple (Sera-cho, Hiroshima Prefecture), Toharamitsu-ji Temple (Mitoyo City, Kagawa Prefecture), and Nishiyamakoryu-ji Temple (Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture)
- 恩赦法（昭和二十二年法律第二十号）第十一条及び更生保護法第九十条の規定は、共助刑の執行の減軽又は免除について準用する。この場合において、恩赦法第十一条中「有罪の言渡」とあるのは「国際受刑者移送法第十三条の命令」と、「大赦、特赦、減刑、刑の執行の免除又は復権」とあるのは「同法第二十五条第二項の規定による共助刑の執行の減軽又は免除」と、更生保護法第九十条第一項中「前条の申出」とあり、及び同条第二項中「特赦、減刑又は刑の執行の免除の申出」とあるのは「国際受刑者移送法第二十五条第一項の申出」と読み替えるものとする。
- The provisions in Article 11 of the Pardon Act (Act No. 20 of 1947) and Article 90 of the Offenders Rehabilitation Act shall be applied mutatis mutandis to the reduction or remission of enforcement of assistance punishment. In such a case, the 'judgment of conviction being rendered' in Article 11 of the Pardon Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the order prescribed in Article 13 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons'; 'general pardon, special pardon, commutation of sentence, remission of enforcement of sentence or restoration of rights' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'reduction or remission of enforcement of assistance punishment pursuant to paragraph (2) of Article 25 in the same act'; 'the recommendation under the preceding Article' in paragraph (1) of Article 90 of the Offenders Rehabilitation Act and 'the recommendation for a special pardon, commutation of sentence or remission of enforcement of the sentence' in paragraph (2) of the same Article shall be deemed to be replaced with 'recommendation provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 25 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons'.
- The provisions in Article 11 of the Pardon Act (Act No. 20 of 1947) and Article 90 of the Offenders Rehabilitation Act shall be applied mutatis mutandis to the reduction or remission of enforcement of assistance punishment. In such a case, the "judgment of conviction being rendered" in Article 11 of the Pardon Act shall be deemed to be replaced with "the order prescribed in Article 13 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons"; "general pardon, special pardon, commutation of sentence, remission of enforcement of sentence or restoration of rights" shall be deemed to be replaced with "reduction or remission of enforcement of assistance punishment pursuant to paragraph (2) of Article 25 in the same act"; "the recommendation under the preceding Article" in paragraph (1) of Article 90 of the Offenders Rehabilitation Act and "the recommendation for a special pardon, commutation of sentence or remission of enforcement of the sentence" in paragraph (2) of the same Article shall be deemed to be replaced with "recommendation provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 25 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons".
- 生涯苦心致され候中にも、古史伝は最初文化の末頃より草稿取り掛かり、文政の始め頃に、成文一二巻程は、ざっと稿本成り候ところ、段々見識博くあいなり、殊に故鈴屋大人の御遺教をも相伺れ候て、いよいよ以って、世界悉く我が皇大神達の御鎔造（ツクリカタメ）なされたる事を感得致され候に付、古史伝は先ず差し置き、赤縣州を始め、印度及び西洋の古伝をも悉く皆探索網羅して、其の上にて、充分に古史の註解をと存し込まれ候て、文政の半ば頃より、専ら外国の学に困苦致され、凡そ廿余年も歳月を過ごされ候て、赤縣太古傳を初め、即ち今此れある丈の著述は出来候へ共、中々もって先人の心底に叶ひ候事には此れ無く候へ共、大抵は見当も付き候に依っては、私を始め門人の中の所存にも、段々時節後れ、先人も老年に成られ候に付き、先ず先ず外国の所は大抵にして差し置かれ、古史伝の清撰をしきりて、相願い催促致し候て、天保10年頃より、漸々と其の方にも趣かれ候所、言語規則の書之無きに付き、余儀なく五十音義の撰にかかり、凡そ一ヵ年ほど打ち過ぎられ候所、旧幕府の命に依って秋田へ放逐、尤も同所は本国の事、親族共も少なからず、第一旧君侯より厚く恩遇も之有りて会計の辛苦は薄らぎ候へ共、著述致す可き遑なく、此処両三年心配致され候内に病を発し入幽致され候次第にて残念至極にて御座候。
- Our teacher dedicated his life to the study requiring great pains; as to 'Koshi-den', at the end of the Bunka era (1804-1818), he began to write the draft, and by the early Bunsei era (1818-1830), about 12 volumes had been completed; however, by that time, he had also gradually gained an insight into the study and understood the teachings of the master of Suzunoya (Norinaga MOTOORI), then he realized that this world was the product of our great gods of Japan, so he decided to suspend 'Koshi-den' temporarily, and first explore and read through all the past annotations of the histories of our country as well as those of India and Europe to use new knowledge to his advantage in writing 'Koshi-den'; therefore, since the middle of the Bunsei era, he intensly studied foreign literature and culture mainly, and during a period of over 20 years, he completed almost all his works, which he left for us, including 'Sekiken Taiko-den' (Japanese Early History); although he was never satisfied with his works, his students, of course, including myself, with a feeling of gratitude, thought that our master had succeeded in completing most his researches and studies, and were concerned about the delay in completing 'Koshi-den' and because of our master's age, we repeatedly begged him to restart the writing, then thankfully at about the 10th year of the Tenpo era (1839), he restarted; however, he was requested to write on linguistic methods so he began to write 'Goju Ongi' (Pronunciation and Meaning of 50 Kana) and suspended 'Koshi-den' again; after a year, he was banished to Akita Province by order of the former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), fortunately since Akita was his hometown and there were many relatives of his, besides the former load treated him very kindly, they relieved him off poor living, although under those conditions, he had no time to finish the remaining works; he was always concerned about those unfinished works, and after only a few years, he became sick and regrettably died.
