応: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 応永記
- The Chronicle of the Oei Era (Oei-ki in Japanese)
- 応永の外寇
- The Oei Invasion
- Foreign invasion in the Oei Era
- The foreign invasion in the Oei Era
- Ōei Invasion
- 観応の擾乱
- The Kanno Disturbance
- Kannō disturbance
- 自己免疫反応
- autoimmune reaction
- 浴用の適応症
- Indications of bathing
- 正応年間に活躍。
- He was active during the Shoo era (1288-1292).
- 道具に応じた点前
- Serving tea in a manner appropriate for the utensil
- 他の文化圏の対応物
- Corresponding existences in other cultural regions
- 応神天皇の第4皇子。
- He was the fourth Prince of Emperor Ojin.
- 慶応2年に親王宣下。
- In 1867 he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 慶応4年(明治元年)
- 1868 (the first year of the Meiji era)
- 応仁の乱後の京都復興
- Reconstruction of Kyoto after the Onin War
- 1467年 応仁の乱。
- 1467: 'Onin no ran' (Onin War) occurred.
- 866年 応天門の変。
- 866: Otenmon no hen (the Otenmon incident) occurred.
- 暮に覩貨邏人を饗応する。
- - Entertained the Tokara people at the end of the year.
- 応神天皇の玄孫に当たる。
- Hikoushio was a great-great-grandchild of the Emperor Ojin.
- 『記紀』年次との対応関係
- Correspondence relationship with the chronology in 'Kiki'(the Kojiki and Nihonshoki)
- 放火され、炎上する応天門
- The Oten-mon Gate being put on fire and burning
- 応神天皇の異母兄に当たる。
- Imperial Prince Kagosaka was the elder paternal half brother of the Emperor Ojin.
- 応仁の乱から明応の政変まで
- From the Onin War to Coup of Meio
- 観応の擾乱と南朝勢力の衰微
- The Kanno Disturbance and the Decline of the Southern Court's Influence
- 金剛寺 (亀岡市)(応挙寺)
- Kongo-ji Temple (Okyo-dera Temple, Kameoka City)
- 十五代応神、甲午(394年)
- 15th Emperor Ojin, Kinoe-Uma (394)
- 足利義教時代から応仁の乱まで
- The period from the reign of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA to the Onin War
- 彦坐王の4世孫、応神天皇の母。
- She was also a 4世孫 of Hikoimasu no miko and mother of Emperor Ojin.
- 明応の政変から信長登場前夜まで
- From the Coup of Meio to the eve of Nobunaga's entrance on the stage
- 幕府は徳政令を発して対応する。
- The shogunate government coped with the matter by issuing the Tokuseirei (ordering the return of land sold and the dissolution of debts), but society remained in chaos.
- 今回は幕府の対応は強硬だった。
- On this occasion the bakufu took strong measures.
- その後応神天皇が生まれている。
- After that, Emperor Ojin was born.
- 多数応募がある場合は抽選となる。
- Volunteer groups will be decided by lot if many apply.
- 応永33年(1426年)に薨去。
- He died in 1426.
- 義弘は一門重臣たちと対応を内談。
- Yoshihiro met privately with his relatives and chief vassals to decide how to respond.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に隠居する。
- He retired in 1866.
- 中国史書の5名との対応がとれない。
- But Chinese history books tell there were five.
- 1368年(応安元年):武蔵平一揆
- 1368: Musashi Hei Ikki no Ran (Musashi Hei Riot Rebellion)
- 飲用の適応症(現在飲用の施設はない)
- Indications of drinking (at present, no facility for drinking)
- 同日夜には二重橋で祝賀の声に応えた。
- The Emperor waved his hand for showing his gratitude to the cheering people gathered to celebrate the anniversary from the Niju-bashi Bridge on the same night.
- 歌が終わると手を振ってこれに応えた。
- The Imperial couple waved their hands as a token of their gratification, when those citizens finished singing.
- それでもなお、幕府の対応は鈍かった。
- Nevertheless, the bakufu was slow to respond to the situation.
- これは相応の格式を許したことを示す。
- These licenses symbolized certain ranks and official posts.
- 承応1年(1652年)江戸で生まれる。
- Tadanao was born in Edo in 1652.
- 観応の擾乱では足利直義に加担して戦う。
- The clan aided Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and fought in the Kanno Disturbance.
- 康応元年(1389年)惣領時義が死去。
- In 1389, Tokiyoshi, the heir, Tokiyoshi, passed away.
- 変化に対応できなかった守護は没落した。
- On the other hand, shugo that had failed to cope with these changes went to ruin.
- 会津・桑名藩の応援は戦闘後に到着した。
- Aizu and Kuwana clans arrived there to support them after the battle.
- 少数の基本技と多数の応用技があること。
- Judo has a few basic skills and many applied ones.
- 慶応2年に父の隠居を受けて山形藩を相続。
- Upon his father's retirement, he inherited the Yamagata Domain in 1866.
- 慶応3年12月7日 (旧暦) 天満屋事件
- December 7 1867, Tenman-ya Incident.
- 慶応元年9月1日 (旧暦) 松原忠司死亡
- September 1 1865, Chuji MATSUBARA died.
- 慶応2年4月1日 (旧暦) 谷三十郎死亡
- April 1 1866, Sanjuro TANI died.
- 記紀は継体を応神天皇の5世孫としている。
- According to Kiki ('A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan'), the Emperor Keitai was a fifth generation descendent grandchild of the Emperor Ojin.
- ここにおいて接待、饗応の変更がなされた。
- On this occasion, how to entertain, wine, and dine Tsushinshi was changed.
- これに対して先に応じたのは義栄であった。
- Yoshihide was the first to comply with this demand.
- しかし応仁の乱によりその過半が失われた。
- Unfortunately the greater part of it was lost due to the Onin War.
- 応永廿四年丁酉弐月九日 売主承瑾(花押)
- March 6, 1417 Seller: Shokin (seal)
- この乱の内容は『応永記』に記されている。
- The events of the Oei rebellion are recorded in 'the Chronicle of the Oei Era.'
- 依仁親王は、1867年(慶応3年)に誕生。
- Imperial Prince Yorihito was born in 1867.
- 慶応元年1月8日 (旧暦) ぜんざい屋事件
- January 8 1865, Zenzai-ya Incident.
- 慶応元年2月23日 (旧暦) 山南敬助切腹
- February 23 1865, Keisuke YAMANAMI committed hara-kiri.
- 慶応2年9月12日 (旧暦) 三条制札事件
- September 12 1866, Sanjo Seisatsu Incident.
- 応神天皇の時、渡来人を率いて韓人池を造る。
- During the reign of Emperor Ojin, he led a group of toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese) in constructing Karahito no ike-Pond.
- 慶応4年4月25日 (旧暦) 白河口の戦い
- April 25 1868, Battle of Shirakawa-guchi.
- 慶応4年8月21日 (旧暦) 母成峠の戦い
- August 21 1868, the Battle of Bonari Pass.
- 桜の名所に対応した細かい予想を行っている。
- That company provides detailed forecasts corresponding to the locations renowned for cherry blossoms.
- 年中行事にはそれに相応しい宴会が催された。
- For each annual event, banquets fit for the occasion were held.
- 貞義の子満義は観応の擾乱で足利直義に与した。
- A child of Sadayosh, Mitsuyoshi took the side the Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA during the Kanno disturbance.
- 慶応3年11月に徳川慶喜が大政奉還を行った。
- In November 1867, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA enacted Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 慶応3年6月22日 (旧暦) 武田観柳斎刺殺
- June 22 1867, Kanryusai TAKEDA was stabbed to death.
- 慶応2年2月15日 (旧暦) 河合耆三郎切腹
- February 15 1866, Kisaburo KAWAI committed hara-kiri.
- 常よりも厚く饗応し、位階を授け、物を与える。
- Entertained them more than usual and gave them Ikai (Court rank) and goods.
- 『古事記』と『日本書紀』の話は対応している。
- In this way, the story about him in the 'Kojiki' corresponds to that of the 'Nihonshoki.'
- 観応の擾乱のはじまりはこの時点に求められる。
- This is considered to be the start of the Kanno Disturbance.
- 翌1350年、北朝は元号を「観応」に改める。
- In 1350, the Northern Court changed the era name to 'Kanno.'
- 慶応4年4月19日 (旧暦) 宇都宮城の戦い
- April 19 1868, Battle of Utsunomiya Castle.
- 飾り方には流派や掛物の格に応じて差異がある。
- The ways to display kakemono differ depending on the house/style and the class of the kakemono.
- 応仁の乱以降の長い戦乱で荒廃した都を復興した。
- He restored the tattered capital Kyoto that had been destroyed by the battles since Onin War.
- 2月29日トリインフルエンザの陽性反応を確認。
- February 29: The farm tested positive for avian influenza.
- その後、恒敦は応永29年7月15日に亡くなる。
- After that, Tsuneatsu died on August 11, 1422.
- 嘉応3年(1171年)3月1日、15歳で薨去。
- On April 14, 1171, she died at the age of 15.
- 慶応4年4月2日 (旧暦) 下総流山に陣を敷く
- April 2 1868, took up a position in Shimousa Nagareyama.
- 卵かけご飯の作り方は好みに応じて多様性がある。
- How to make tamago kake gohan varies depending on one's taste.
- なお、フェリーの大型化に対応した拡張計画もある。
- Due to the increasing size of ferries, a plan has been formulated to expand the wharf.
- 1867年(慶応3年) - 伏見奉行が廃止される
- 1867: The ruling by Bugyo came to an end.
- 慶応3年(1867年)正月9日、睦仁親王が践祚。
- On February 13, 1867, Imperial Prince Mutsuhito ascended the throne.
- 応仁の乱後の京都復興においての重要な階層である。
- This class played an important role in Kyoto reconstruction after the Onin War.
- 慶応4年4月25日 (旧暦) 近藤勇、板橋で斬首
- April 25 1868, Isami KONDO was beheaded in Itabashi.
- 好みに応じて、後述のトッピングや調味料を用いる。
- Use toppings and seasonings described later as desired.
- 成之は、応仁の乱では東軍として京兆家を盛り立てた。
- Shigeyuki backed up the Keicho family in the Onin War as the eastern army.
- 慶応3年6月15日 (旧暦) 不動堂村へ屯所を移す
- June 15 1867, military post was moved to Fudo-do Village.
- 慶応3年6月10日 (旧暦) 幕臣取り立てが決まる
- June 10 1867, it was decided that Shinsen-gumi members will be promoted to vassals of the shogunate.
- 慶応元年3月10日 (旧暦) 西本願寺へ屯所を移す
- March 10 1865, transferred military post to Nishi Hongan-ji Temple.
- これは、風水の四神相応の思想を反映したものである。
- This was influenced by the belief in feng shui Shijin Soo, an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods, with a river in the east, a broad avenue in the west, a basin in the south, and a hill in the north.
- 子に品陀真若王(応神天皇の皇后仲姫命の父)がいる。
- Homudamawaka no miko (the father of Nakatsuhime no mikoto, who was the empress of Emperor Ojin) was his child.
- 甲賀衆はこの脅迫に応じ、伏見城内に火事を起こした。
- The Koga group yielded to the threat and set the castle alight.
- 慶応3年(1867年)夏頃には幕臣に取り立てられる。
- Around summertime of 1867, they were promoted to vassals of the shogunate.
- 慶応3年12月18日 (旧暦) 近藤勇が狙撃され負傷
- December 18 1867, Isami KONDO was attacked and injured.
- 石上池のほとりに須弥山を作り、粛慎47人を饗応する。
- Erected Mt. Sumeru near Ishigami Pond and entertained 47 Mishihase people.
- 明応の政変により中央政権としての幕府体制が瓦解した。
- However, the bakufu system as the central government fell down because of the Coup of Meio.
- そこでは同朋衆がつめていて、必要に応じて茶をたてた。
- The Doboshu were packed there and brewed tea depending on the need.
- 大内勢はこれに応じて、矢倉からさんざんに射まくった。
- The Ouchi forces fought back, raining arrows down on the enemy from their watchtowers.
- 通す指の本数に応じて三ツ弽、四ツ弽、諸弽が存在する。
- There are the Mitsugake (glove covering three fingers), Yotsugake (glove covering four fingers) and Morogake (glove covering all five fingers), depending on the number of fingers to insert.
- 建部賢弘はこれを多項式関数の極値問題に応用している。
- Katahiro TAKEBE applied this to the extreme value problem of polynomial function.
- 慶応4年1月6日 (旧暦) 橋本の戦い 隊士4名が戦死
- January 6 1868, Battle of Hashimoto, 4 members died in action.
- このことから貞応元年の誤記ではないかと考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that the author mistook 貞応6年 for 貞応元年 (the first year of Teio (1222)).
- 慶応4年4月3日 (旧暦) 近藤勇、新政府軍に投降する
- April 3 1868, Isami KONDO surrendered to the army of the new government.
- 北朝は直義討伐の院宣を下し、南朝は直義の帰服に応じる。
- The Northern Court issued an imperial order ordering the defeat of Tadayoshi, and the Southern Court answered Tadayoshi's call.
- その時、石見国の住人200騎が幕府軍に内応してしまう。
- At that moment, the 200 soldiers from Iwami Province defected and joined the shogunal force.
- さらに、酸化によりメイラード反応が進み、色は黒くなる。
- In addition, the color of soy-sauce becomes blackish; the Maillard reaction is proceeded by oxidization
- 1369年(応安2年・正平24年)摂津国兵庫真光寺住職。
- 1369: He became chief priest of Hyogo Shinko-ji Temple in Settsu Province.
- 応神天皇40年(309年)1月 (旧暦)に皇太子となる。
- In 309, Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko became the Crown Prince.
- 『日本書紀』の年次とは矛盾点が多く、対応関係がとれない。
- A correspondence relationship cannot be confirmed between the chronology in Chinese history books and that in 'Nihonshoki'.
- 慶応4年4月12日 (旧暦) 土方歳三、旧幕府軍に加わる
- April 12 1868, Toshizo HIJIKATA joined the army of the former shogunate.
- 慶応4年5月17日 (旧暦) 原田左之助死亡(異説あり)
- May 17 1868, Sanosuke HARADA died (this is disputed).
- 慶応4年5月30日 (旧暦) 沖田総司、肺結核により死亡
- May 30 1868, Soji OKITA died from tuberculosis.
- 応仁・文明の乱(おうにん・ぶんめいのらん)とも呼ばれる。
- It is also called Onin-Bunmei no Ran (wars).
- 色目は季節毎に分類され、用いる時期もほぼ季節に対応する。
- Irome are broken down by the season and the time of the year, each category used approximately according to the season.
- 彼らはこの侍筒を武家奉公人に持たせ、必要に応じて用いた。
- They made buke hokonin (servant for a samurai family) have a samurai barrel and if necessary, used it.
- 微分のフェルマーの方法も発表し、極値問題に応用している。
- He presented Fermat's Principle of differentials, and applied it to the extreme value problem.
- 熟成期間が長いので、メイラード反応が進み褐色の色が着く。
- Because its maturing period is long, Maillard reaction proceeds so that miso takes on a brownish color.
- 慶応4年3月6日 (旧暦) 甲州勝沼の戦い 隊士2名が戦死
- March 6 1868, Battle of Koshu-Katsunuma, 2 members died in action.
- 正応4年(1291年)8月、院号宣下により遊義門院となる。
- In September, 1291, she was given the permission to use the title of nyoin.
- 承応3年(1654年)、父後光明天皇が22歳の若さで崩御。
- In 1654, her father the Emperor Gokomyo died young at the age of 22.
- 色も官位に対応させて赤・青・黒・紫など六色の濃淡があった。
- Cap's color was decided depending on a person's official rank and was selected from six colors such as red, blue, black, and purple, and additionally, each color was also divided into light color and dark color.
- 読みの変化が指し示す集団の変化に対応すると考える説もある。
- There is a theory stating that the difference in reading corresponds to the difference in ethnic groups.
- 応仁の乱の前後から、守護大名同士の紛争が目立って増加した。
- Since approximately the time of the Onin War (Onin-no-ran), conflicts between shugo daimyo increased to a striking degree.
- 遠距離に対応する為に、遠的専用の細い矢を用いる選手が多い。
- Many players use slim arrows designed exclusively for enteki, in order to deal with a long distance.
- 心白発現率は低いが醸造適性がよく、現地適応性にもすぐれる。
- Although it has a low shinpaku manifestation rate, it has an excellent brewing aptitude and area adaptive nature.
- 暖色の子鯉の増加はそういった需要に応えての事のようである。
- The increase in kogoi depicted in warm colors is a response to such demand.
- 一方、山田流箏曲に対応するものとして藤植流、松翁流がある。
- On the other hand, the Fujiue school and the Sho school exist correspondingly to the Yamada school for So music.
- 顕氏は観応の擾乱で活躍するも、やがて頼春と前後して死去する。
- Akiuji played an active role in the Kanno Disturbance, but died around the same time as Yoriharu.
- 承応3年(1654年)に従五位下に任官し右衛門大夫を名乗る。
- In 1654, he was first appointed as Jugoinoge and referred to himself as Uemon no taifu (Lieutenant of Right Division of Outer Palace Guards, particularly the one promoted to Fifth Rank).
- 応神天皇が吉野を訪れた時、吉野の国主(くず)の歓待を受けた。
- When the Emperor Ojin visited Yoshino, kuzu (the indigenous people to be said to have lived in the Yoshino woods) welcomed him.
- 慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦) 鳥羽・伏見の戦い 隊士2名が戦死
- January 3 1868, in the Battle of Toba Fushimi 2 members died in action.
- 室町時代後期の応仁の乱において西軍に属した一色氏は没落した。
- The Isshiki family fell after joining the Seigun (the western army) in the Onin War during the late Muromachi Period.
- 時行の挙兵に応じて北陸地方では北条一族の名越時兼が挙兵する。
- In the Hokuriku region, Tokikane NAGOSHI, a member of the Hojo clan, raised an army in response to Tokiyuki.
- 足利将軍家の家督争いなどから1467年に応仁の乱が起こった。
- The Onin War broke out in 1467 due to a succession dispute within the Ashikaga Shogun Family.
- (一応首謀者とされる2人の「首」は蝦夷側から提出されている。
- The 'heads' of two supposed ringleaders were at least offered by the Emishi side.
- 大鷲神社の酉の市は、15世紀初めの応永年間に始まるとされる。
- The Tori no ichi of the Otori-jinja Shrine is believed to have begun during the Oei era at the beginning of the 15th century.
- 『記・紀』には応神や雄略の吉野での狩りの伝承が載せられている。
- In the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), traditions concerning hunting in Yoshino by Emperor Ojin and Emperor Yuryaku.
- 大政奉還がなると慶応3年(1867年)国事御用掛に任じられる。
- When Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) took place in 1867, he was appointed to Kokuji goyogakari (a general official of the Imperial Household in charge of the State affair).
- 武家の官職の格付けは大名のランクに応じて明確に決められていた。
- A post which could be allotted to a certain buke was strictly specified according to the rank of that daimyo.
- こうした混乱は、5年後に発生する応仁の乱への下敷きともなった。
- The turmoil led to the beginning of the Onin war five years later.
- これに対して領主側も用途に応じた標準貫高を定めて把握に努めた。
- In order to accommodate such a system, the feudal lords themselves endeavored to keep good control by setting standard kandaka in accordance with their purpose.
- 応仁の乱が終結した後も各地で守護大名同士の小競り合いは続いた。
- Even after the Onin War, the shugo daimyo had continuous skirmishes with each other throughout regions.
- また、年号も北朝の観応2年から南朝の「正平6年」に統一される。
- The era was unified from Kanno 2 of the Northern Court to 'Shohei 6' of the Southern Court.
- 慶応4年/明治元年の干支が戊辰だったことからこの名で呼ばれる。
- The civil war was named after the Chinese zodiac sign for the year 1868, 'Boshin'.
- 天皇の配偶者は、出身の家柄に応じて名乗れる称号は決まっていた。
- The title that the Tenno's spouse could hold was decided by the social standing of the family she was from.
- 幕内取組の前に呼出がビール瓶でたたくなどして応急処置を施した。
- The dohyo was tentatively repaired by Yobidashi hitting it with beer bottles before the Makunouchi (the top division in sumo) bouts.
- かつては夏のお盆と対応して、半年ごとに先祖を祀る行事であった。
- In the old days, shogatsu used to be an event to deify one's ancestors every half a year, along with o-bon in summer.
- 応募された案の審査が行なわれ、意見交換や様式の変更がなされた。
- After examining the subscribed designs, opinions were changed and alterations added to the designs.
- 慶応3年3月20日 (旧暦) 伊東甲子太郎、藤堂平助ら13人離隊
- March 20 1867, 13 men, including Kinetaro ITO and Heisuke TODO, left Shinsen-gumi.
- 実際に応永19年(1412年)8月、北朝側の称光天皇が践祚する。
- And actually, in September 1412, Emperor Shoko of the Northern Court succeeded the Imperial Throne.
- また、応神天皇の曾孫、忍坂大中姫命の甥、継体天皇の祖父に当たる。
- Additionally, Prince Oi was a great-grandchild to the Emperor Ojin; he was a nephew of Oshisakano Onakatsunohimeno Mikoto; and the grandfather of the Emperor Keiti.
- 応永2年(1395年)には太政大臣を辞して出家し、道義と称した。
- In Oei 2 (1395), he resigned from his post as Daijo-daijin and took the tonsure, changing his name to 'Dogi' (meaning 'the way of righteousness').
- 解任の理由は、15日に羽柴秀吉から応援の要請が届いたためである。
- The cause of this dismissal was a request for reinforcements from Hideyoshi HASHIBA that arrived on May 15.
- 封建政治は、この後江戸幕府崩壊(1868年・慶応4年)まで続く。
- This feudal style of government was to continue for almost seven hundred years, until the destruction of the Edo bakufu in 1868.
- 慶応2年(1866年)に発生した伏見奉行による坂本龍馬襲撃事件。
- An attack on Ryoma SAKAMOTO by the Fushimi magistrate carried out in 1866.
- なお、醤油の赤褐色の色調は、主にメイラード反応によるものである。
- The reddish-brown color of soy-sauce mainly comes from Maillard reaction.
- しかし、結局大崎氏は、小田原参陣に呼応しなかったため、改易された。
- However, the Osaki clan was finally deprived of its status because it did not respond to an order to participate in the Odawara offensive.
- 応仁の乱の末期に南北伊勢守護職は一色氏、次いで北畠氏に与えられた。
- On the final stage of Onin War, Shugoshiki in the northern and southern parts of Ise Province were assigned to the Isshiki clan, followed by Kitabatake clan.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府の山陰鎮撫使に降伏する。
- In the Boshin War of 1868, the Kameyama Domain surrendered to an agent of the new government.
- 慶応4年1月5日 (旧暦) 淀千両松の戦い 井上源三郎ら14名戦死
- January 5 1868, Battle of Yodo Senryo Matsu, 14 members including Genzaburo INOUE died in action.
- 1868年(慶応4年) - 鳥羽・伏見の戦いで伏見城下が戦場となる
- 1868: The Fushimi-jo Castle became a battlefield for the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- 観応の擾乱が起こると、直義、尊氏が交互に申し出た降伏を受け入れる。
- When Kanno Disturbance broke out, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASHIKAGA offered surrender alternately and he accepted it.
- - 北の蝦夷99人・東の蝦夷95人・百済の調使150人に饗応する。
- - She wined and dined 99 Ezo people of the north, 95 Ezo people of the east and 150 belonging to Baekje's envoy.
- - 甘檮丘の東の川辺に須弥山を造って陸奥国と越国の蝦夷に饗応する。
- - Built Mt. Sumeru at the riverside to the east of Amakashi no oka Hill and entertained the Ezo people in Mutsu and Koshi Provinces.
- 伊勢神宮へ勅使発遣の儀 慶応4年8月21日(1868年10月6日)
- The ceremony of dispatching an Imperial envoy to Ise-jingu Shrine: August 21, Keio 4 (October 6, 1868)
- 慶応4年8月24日 (旧暦) 斎藤一、池田七三郎ら13人会津に残留
- August 24 1868, 13 men, including Hajime SAITO and Shichisaburo IKEDA, remained in Aizu.
- 足利義稙は、応仁の乱で西軍の盟主に擁立された足利義視の嫡子である。
- Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was the heir of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, who was backed by the leader of Western forces during the Onin War.
- 前述のように日本では両者の区別が曖昧であるが、一応の目安を述べる。
- In Japan differences between Dong Po Rou and Kakuni are not clear as above, but a tentative indication is below.
- 座布団は概要で述べたとおり、その単純な構造ゆえに様々に応用される。
- As mentioned in the outline, while zabuton are very simple items they are used in a variety of ways.
- 一律に同じ物を贈ることもあれば、香典の額に応じて変えることもある。
- While the same gift is often given to all recipients, different gifts may also be given depending on differing koden amounts.
- そのため呉春は応挙の写実性の薫陶を受け、独特の画風を構築していく。
- Then Goshun studied the realism of Okyo under him and built the unique painting style.
- 近江守>【慶応3年4月17日藩主就任-明治4年7月15日知藩事免官】
- Governor of Omi Province> 'appointed as the lord of the domain on April 17, 1867 - relieved of Governor's post on July 15, 1871'
- 善統親王の孫源善成は四辻を号し足利義満の応援も受けて左大臣に昇った。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshinari, a grandchild of the Imperial Prince Yoshimune, called himself Yotsutuji and was promoted up to Sadaijin thanks to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's backup.
- しかし、後亀山上皇と恒敦は、応永17年(1410年)吉野に逃亡する。
- However, the Retired Emperor Gokameyama and Tsuneatsu escaped to Yoshino in 1410.
- 王は少毘古名命・応神天皇と並び滋賀県米原市・日撫神社に祀られている。
- He is enshrined in Hinade-jinja Shrine located in Maibara City, Shiga Prefecture together with Sukunahikona no mikoto and the Emperor Ojin.
- 慶応4年3月12日 (旧暦) 永倉新八、原田左之助ら靖兵隊となり離隊
- March 12 1868, Shinpachi NAGAKURA, Sanosuke HARADA and others formed Seihei-tai and left Shinsen-gumi.
- 観応の擾乱が発生すると、足利尊氏は子である足利基氏を鎌倉へ派遣した。
- When the Kanno Disturbance occurred, Takauji ASHIKAGA dispatched his son Motouji ASHIKAGA to Kamakura.
- これに対応して、国衙領内部も郡・郷・保・条などに再編成されていった。
- In contrast, the lands in the Kokugaryo were reorganized into districts such as Gun (county), Go (district), Ho, Jo.
- 朝廷の正庁たる朝堂院の正門であった応天門などと並んで最重要視された。
- It was considered to be one of the most important gates, along with Otenmon Gate positioned in front of the Chodo-in, the state chamber of the Imperial Court.
- 京都への還幸は源氏の挙兵に対応するため清盛が決断したといわれている。
- It is said the Emperor's return to Kyoto was to deal with the army of the Minamoto clan and was decided by Kiyomori.
- 応永元年(1394年)義満は将軍職を足利義持に譲り、太政大臣に昇る。
- In 1394, Yoshimitsu passed the role and responsibilities of Shogun on to Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA and ascended to Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).
- 特定の条件を満たして和了った場合、和了の内容に応じたボーナスが出る。
- When a player wins, having met specific requirements, a bonus is given according to Hora, the way of winning.
- また、和算への批判は「応用に役に立たない」というものが主流であった。
- One of the main criticisms against wasan was that it was 'useless in terms of practical usage.'
- 1653年(承応2年)には玉川上水が完成し、武蔵野台地の開拓が進んだ。
- In 1653 the Tamagawa Water Supply System was completed, and the development of the Musashino Plateau moved ahead as planned.
- そして、応和元年(961年)宮中承香殿で初笄、宸翰により三品に叙した。
- In 961, the Emperor conferred Sanbon (the third rank for Imperial Prince/Princess) on her at Shokoden of the Imperial Palace by conducting Uikogai (doing up one's hair as a part of coming-of -age ceremony) and giving Shinkan (Imperial letter).
- 日本は、応仁の乱や明応の政変を契機として戦国時代 (日本)に突入した。
- Japan plunged into the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) with advent of the Onin War and Meio Incident.
- 幕府への寄進や寄付に応じ、足利将軍家の通り名である「義」の字を与えた。
- Depending on how much land or money the vassals donated to the Shogunate, they were granted the use of the character '義,' which the Ashikaga Shogunal family used as a part of their cognomens.
- 土倉役は土倉が抑えている質物の員数に応じて徴収されたと考えられている。
- It is believed that dosoyaku was charged in accordance with the number of items held by a doso.
- そのため、差出人も家司であるが、必要に応じて主が袖判を加える事もある。
- As a result, the sender was also a Keishi and the master would add their sodeban (signature) when necessary.
- また、別の応用では、台(米飯)をうどんに変えたカツカレーうどんもある。
- Also, other applications include katsu-curry udon (Japanese wheat noodle) in which the base (rice) is replaced by udon.
- 足利家の内紛から発展した観応の擾乱では尊氏方に就いた氏綱が武功を上げた。
- In the Kanno Disturbance developed from the internal conflict of the Ashikaga family, Ujitsuna on the Takauji side rendered distinguished military service.
- 一応は文書を守り通して後に自己の官文庫を再建した壬生晴富と明暗を分ける。
- In contrast, Harutomi MIBU managed to protect his documents and later rebuilt the Mibu family library.
- また工房があって、国府勤務の官人の需要に応じ、都に送る調庸物を生産した。
- Moreover, there was also a workshop in Kokufu, where choyobutsu (national tax) for the central government was produced in compliance with the requests of officers working at the Kokufu.
- 1426年(応永33年) - 丹波猿楽の矢田座が伏見御香宮の楽頭職を得る
- 1426: Yata-za of Tanba Sarugaku (form of theater becoming the basis for Noh) assumed the post of Gakuto-shiki (right to play sarugaku) of Fushimi Gokogu-jinja Shrine.
- その後、応永23年(1416年)に後亀山上皇は室町幕府の要請で京に帰る。
- After that, in 1416, at the request of the Muromachi bakufu, the retired Emperor Gokameyama (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) returned to Kyoto.
- この矛盾も、応神‐仁徳の系譜が実際には造作されていることをうかがわせる。
- This contradiction suggests that the pedigree record from Ojin to Nintoku is obviously made up.
- また、回茶も行われ、応永23年(1416年)の茶会は盛大なものであった。
- Furthermore, Kaicha (another name of tocha) was also performed and the tea party of 1416 was thrown on a grand scale.
- 田堵負名層は、軍役に応え戦功に応じてさらに新たな所領を与えられたりした。
- The Tato fumyo class were given new holdings according to their meritorious performance in battle.
- 鎌倉幕府も建長5年の估価法に呼応して同年と翌年に価格の公定を行っている。
- Acting in concert with the Kakoho of 1253, the Kamakura bakufu set official prices in that year and the following year.
- のち、勝元と宗全が対立し応仁の乱が勃発すると、貞親は赦免されて復権した。
- When Onin War subsequently broke out due to the conflict between Katsumoto and Sozen, Sadachika was pardoned and reinstated..
- しかし清盛は迅速に対応し、平氏軍は以仁王と頼政をすぐに敗死へ追い込んだ。
- However, Kiyomori acted swiftly and the Taira troops were defeated, and Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa killed.
- 関が暗示するように、応神天皇に似た一寸法師を住吉大神が授けたとも取れる。
- As Seki implies, it can be interpreted that Sumiyoshi Okami bestowed Issunboshi, who looked just like Emperor Ojin, to Empress Jingu.
- 活発な発酵は行われず、アミノグリコシド反応等の、比較的静かな反応が続く。
- Active fermentation doesn't occur, and relatively quiet reactions such as aminoglycoside reactions are continued instead.
- 生石灰(酸化カルシウム)と水を混合した時に起こる発熱反応を利用している。
- They use an exothermic reaction caused by quicklime (calcium oxide) mixed up with water.
- 承応1年(1652年)大坂城代に就任し、寛文2年(1662年)まで勤める。
- He served as Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle) in 1652 to 1662.
- 1422年(応永29年) 美濃国国司が大山崎商人に不破関の無料通行を許す。
- 1422: The Kokushi (provincial governor) in Mino Province allowed the merchants from Oyamazaki to pass through the Fuwa-no-seki (Fuwa checkpoint) for free.
- 正応5年(1292年)に68歳で崩じ、粟田山陵(京都市左京区)に葬られた。
- In 1929, she passed away at the age of 68 years, and was buried at Awatasanryo (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto-city).
- 恒明親王が19歳の時の子で、暦応4年(1341年)、11歳の時に元服する。
- He was born the son of Imperial Prince Tsuneaki (also known as Tsuneakira) when the prince was 19, and celebrated genpuku (coming of age) when he was 11 years old.
- また観応の擾乱が起こると足利直冬が加わり、三勢力が抗争する鼎立状態となる。
- And then, after the Kanno Disturbance, a new faction emerged under Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, and a three-way struggle began.
- 応仁の乱は京都が主戦場であったが、後半になると地方へ戦線が拡大していった。
- The Onin War was mainly fought in Kyoto, but its latter half saw the expansion of fronts involving localities far from the capital.
- 塩土老翁は神武東征をうながし、武内は応神東征を助けたことでも共通している。
- Shiotsuchinooji encouraged the Eastern Expedition of Emperor Jinmu (story in Japanese mythology about the first generation of the Imperial family), while Takenouchi helped the Eastern Expedition of Emperor Ojin, sharing a common point.
- プロ野球の広島東洋カープの応援グッズとして、季節を問わず鯉幟が使用される。
- Koi-nobori is used in and out of season as one of the cheering goods for professional baseball's Hiroshima Toyo Carp.
- 「十二単の結婚式」の新郎新婦は、全国から応募があった中から1組が選ばれる。
- For the bride and groom in the 'Wedding with Juni-Hitoe,' a pair is chosen from couples applying from all over Japan.
- その対応に苦慮した義興は京都を引き払い帰国して、尼子氏や安芸武田氏と戦った。
- Having worried about coping with it, Yoshioki left Kyoto, returned home and fought against the Amago clan and the Aki-Takeda clan.
- 宗全率いる西軍との間で11年に及ぶ応仁の乱を引き起こし、その途中に病没する。
- He caused the Onin war, which lasted for 11years, against the western army led by Sozen, then in the course, he died from illness.
- 日本三景は以下の3つの名勝地を指す(番号は上掲されている画像の数字と対応)。
- Nihon Sankei refers to the following three scenic spots (each number corresponds to the number of image shown above.)
- 石門心学の石田梅岩、画家・円山応挙、医者・山脇東洋も亀岡市域の出身者である。
- Baigan ISHIDA who founded the Sekimon-shingaku (a popularized blend of Buddhist, Shinto and Confucian ethical teachings), the painter Okyo MARUYAMA and Dr. Toyo YAMAWAKI were born in the Kameoka area.
- しかし、応永26年(1419年)にその養子縁組となり「賀茂友幸」と名乗った。
- Tomonori was adopted by Sadahiro KAMO and changed his name to' Tomoyuki KAMO' in 1419.
- 1311年(応長元年) 伏見上皇、山崎神人のために淀などの関津料を免除する。
- 1311: The Retired Emperor Fushimi waived the seki-tsu-ryo (tax at checkpoints, 関津料) in Yodo for the jinin in Yamazaki.
- その後、慶応3年12月20日(1868年1月14日)に一品に叙せられている。
- After that, he was awarded Ippon (the First Order of Imperial Prince) on January 14, 1868.
- 応安2年(1369年)に三代将軍に就任した足利義満は将軍権力の強化を図った。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who became the third shogun in 1369, tried to strengthen the authority of shogun.
- 1411年(応永18)貿易を一時停止するが、6代将軍足利義教時代に復活する。
- They stopped trading temporarily in 1411, but the trade between two countries was resumed in the period of the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- そのため、惣村は支配者の信頼に応えるため、年貢納入の確実な履行に努めていた。
- To prove worthy of such trust, the soson tried to ensure the execution of the nengu payment.
- 賦課した地目に応じて田地子・畠地子・塩浜地子・林地子・屋地子などと呼ばれた。
- It was called denjishi (land rent for rice fields), hatajishi (land rent for fields for fruits, vegetables, etc), shiohamajishi (land rent for salt fields), hayashijishi (land rent for mountains and forest), or yajishi (land rent for residential areas) according to the classification of land imposed.
- 慶応3年(1867年)12月、王政復古 (日本)の前夜、朝議にて赦免された。
- In December 1867, on the eve of the restoration of imperial rule (Japan), they were pardoned by court council.
- 応天門が放火され、大納言伴善男は左大臣源信_(公卿)の犯行であると告発した。
- The Otenmon gate was set on fire, and TOMO no Yoshio, the Dainagon (chief councilor of state), accused a noble MINAMOTO no Makoto, the Sadaijin (minister of the left), of committing arson.
- これは笙より大型で、音域は日本の笙の倍以上あり、素早い動きにも対応している。
- It is larger than the Japanese sho, has more than twice its range and can respond to rapid movements.
- 適度な水分を含む為、粘度のある噛み応えとサツマイモらしい甘味が特徴的である。
- Its gummy texture and sweet taste peculiar to the sweet potato are unique, both of which are produced by the moderate moisture content.
- 近江守>【天保7年7月29日藩主就任-慶応3年2月25日死去】〔奏者番を2回〕
- Governor of Omi Province> 'appointed as the lord of the domain on July 29, 1836 - died on February 25, 1867'[Sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) twice]
- 慶応4年(1868年)、明治政府の計らいによって独立の藩と認められて立藩した。
- In 1868 Tanabe was established as an independent domain by approval of the Meiji Government.
- これは、外国の使者の饗応に相応しい宮殿が必要になったのだろうと推測されている。
- This is probably because a palace adequate to treat envoys from abroad was required.
- 13世紀中頃以降は元冦という大事件があったものの、政治体制は一応安定していた。
- Its regime remained stable enough despite the Genko (Mongol Invasions of Japan) incidents in and after the middle of the 13th century.
- 元応元年10月28日 (旧暦)(1319年12月10日)に内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was given the title of imperial princess on December 18, 1319.
- 途中、高句麗、百済、新羅が使を遣わして調を進めたため、紺の幕を張って饗応する。
- During the construction Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla sent envoys to proceed with their surveys, so she entertained them behind navy blue curtains.
- 内応を得て軍を従わせた吹負は、穂積百足を殺し、穂積五百枝と物部日向を捕らえた。
- By using traitors, Fukei successfully subdued the enemy troops and killed HOZUMI no Momotari and captured HOZUMI no Ioe and MONONOBE no Himuka.
- 応神天皇元年(270年)に71歳で即位、同41年(310年)に111歳で崩御。
- In 270, he acceded to the throne at the age of 71 and passed away in 310 at the age of 111.
- 加賀国(石川県)では、室町時代に応仁の乱で東軍に属した守護の富樫氏を追放した。
- In Kaga Province, the powers of ikki expelled the Togashi clan, which belonged to the Eastern Camp in the Onin War and had served as the shugo.
- 更に豊臣政権の確立を間近に控え、秀吉にそれ相応の官職を与える必要性が出てきた。
- Furthermore, it was necessary for the Imperial Court to designate Hideyoshi, who was on the verge of establishing the Toyotomi administration, in an appropriate official position.
- 座は仕入の独占を行い、必要に応じてはその商品の運搬路や運送具の独占すら行った。
- A za monopolized the purchase of goods, and they also even monopolized transport routes for those goods and equipment for transportation, if necessary.
- 一方、尊氏は1338年(延元3年/暦応元年)に北朝から征夷大将軍に任じられる。
- On the other hand, Takauji was named Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in 1338 by the Northern Court.
- 更にその火が大火を招き、京都は延焼面積では応仁の乱に勝る被害を受けたとも言う。
- Furthermore, the initial fire caused a larger fire, which is said damaged an area of Kyoto surpassing the damage done in the Onin War.
- 866年4月28日(貞観8年閏3月10日)、応天門が放火炎上する事件が起こる。
- In April 28, 866, an incident occurred in which Otenmon gate was set alight and destroyed.
- 百姓は請作面積に応じた納税責任を負うが、移動居住の自由を有する自由民であった。
- Hyakusho were responsible for tax payment according to a contract farming area, but they were free people having the freedom to move and to choose a place to live.
- 世事に対応し、社会のなかでものごとを円滑に進めてゆくための常識や世間的な能力。
- The common sense and social skills required to know the stream and make things go smoothly in society.
- 合気道の技は相手の攻撃に対して投げ技・もしくは固め技にて応じるのが基本である。
- The fundamental principle of aikido technique is to respond to the opponent's attack with throws or by grappling.
- 基本となる文様を応用し変形させたものや、それぞれを組み合わせたものなどがある。
- There are also patterns generated by modifying basic patterns and those combining them.
- しかし、応仁の乱によって官務の権威の源泉とも言える官文庫とその古文書を喪失した。
- As a result of the Onin War, however, he lost the Omiya family library, which contained a number of ancient documents and was effectively the source of his authority as a government official.
- 襲津彦の伝承は、『日本書紀』の神功皇后摂政紀・応神天皇紀・仁徳天皇紀に記される。
- The folklore of Sotsuhiko is recorded in the three sections of 'Nihonshoki': Jingu Kogo sesho ki, Ojin Tenno ki and Nintoku tenno ki.
- 慶応3年6月28日 (旧暦)(1867年7月29日)、新帝明治天皇の女御に治定。
- On July 29, 1867, she was authorized as the new Emperor Meiji's consort.
- 明治維新による女院号廃止のため院号宣下は無かったが、国母として相応に厚遇された。
- There was no imperial letter issued to permit use of 'In' title because nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was abolished due to the Meiji restoration, but she was kindly treated as kokumo (mother of Emperor) accordingly.
- しかし、応徳2年に実仁親王は疱瘡により倒れてわずか15歳の若さで急死してしまう。
- Nevertheless, Imperial Prince Sanehito suddenly died of smallpox in 1085 at an early age of 15.
- 『古事記』、『日本書紀』によると継体天皇は応神天皇5世の孫であり、父は彦主人王。
- According to 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki', Emperor Keitai was the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin and his father was Hikoushio.
- 「皇室も伝統を重んじつつ、時代の流れに柔軟に対応しなければならないと思います。」
- I believe that the Imperial household should also keep pace with the current of the times flexibly, while making much of tradition.'
- この碑文には、大秀の研究による応神天皇から継体天皇までの系図が彫り込まれている。
- Inscribed on this monument is the genealogy from Emperor Ojin to Emperor Keitai, based on Ohide's study.
- 課税基準を醸造に用いる壷数に応じて定めたことから、この名称が付いたとされている。
- The term tsubo-sen is thought to have derived from 'tsubo', a pot (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol), as the tax was imposed based on 'tsubo-su', the number of tsubo used for brewing.
- したがって、応神天皇が神功皇后と住吉大神の子であることを暗示しているようである。
- Therefore, it seems to imply that Emperor Ojin was a child between Empress Jingu and Sumiyoshi Okami.
- 応和3年(963年)、村上天皇により、宮中では散楽の実演は全く行われなくなった。
- In the wake of the order issued by Emperor Murakami in 963, Sangaku was no more performed at the Imperial court.
- 応募資格は中卒以上・経験不問・年齢上限ありというもので、研修期間は6年間である。
- Required qualifications for application are a minimum of a junior high school degree, no experience required, and un upper age limit, and the training period is six years.
- 応仁の乱前夜、斯波家嫡流の武衛家では斯波義健没後、家督相続をめぐる争いが起こった。
- On the eve of the Onin War, a conflict occurred over the succession to the position of family head in the Buei family, the main branch of the Shiba family, after the death of Yoshitake SHIBA.
- 同合戦後、北条軍に攻められた真里谷信応とその支持者は降伏して信隆が当主に復帰した。
- After the above battle, Nobumasa MARIYA and his suppoters surrendered to the Hojo army and Nobutaka returned to the head of the clan.
- ドライプウェイも夏季は午前3時から通行可能で、ご来光を見る人のニーズに応えている。
- In the summer, the highway is available from 3 a.m., meeting the needs of climbers who come to pray to the rising sun.
- その帰路、筑紫の宇美町で応神天皇を出産し、志免町でお紙目を代えたと伝えられている。
- It has been reported that she gave birth to Emperor Ojin in Chikushi on her return home, and changed diapers in Shime cho.
- 応保2年(1162年)女院号を宣下され、立后を行った高松殿に因んで高松院と号した。
- In 1162, an imperial letter to permit use of Nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was issued, and she was given the title of Takamatsuin, which was named after Takamatsu-dono where the investiture of the Empress was held.
- 文応元年(1260年)11月、大嘗祭の際に亀山天皇の女御代を務め、翌12月に入内。
- In December 1260, she served as nyogo-dai (court lady who acted for nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court - a consort of an emperor)) in Daijosai (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly-enthroned Emperor), and entered into court in January 1261, the following month.
- 慶応4年(1868年)勅命により復飾し一家を創設、宮号を華頂宮とし博経に名を戻す。
- In 1868, he returned from priesthood by Imperial order, founded a family, and changed his name back to Hirotsune with Miyago (reigning name) being Kachonomiya.
- その為、越前から応神天皇5世孫である遠い傍系皇族の男大迹王(継体天皇)が招かれた。
- For this reason, Odoo (Emperor Keitai) that had remote collateral lineage, who was the grandson of the fifth generation of Emperor Ojin, was received from Echizen Province.
- 当時の天皇は長男による世襲制度ではなく、皇族から天皇に相応しい人物が選ばれていた。
- At this time, the Imperial Throne wasn't directly hereditary so a person who was appropriate in the Imperial family was selected.
- そのなかの「日本伝」に、北宋の皇帝・太宗 (宋)の反応を以下のように記述している。
- It has an article called the 'Nihonden' (Story of Japan), and in this article, the Emperor of the Northern Sung Dynasty said as follows:
- 海賊鎮圧の過程で、純友を含め、瀬戸内海諸国には海賊対応のための警固使が設置された。
- In the process of suppressing the activities of the pirates, Keigoshi, including Sumitomo, were placed in provinces along the Seto Inland Sea.
- 奥書では泰統が書写した年は貞応6年とされているが、実際には貞応は3年までしかない。
- According to okugaki, Taito transcribed in 貞応6年 (the sixth year of Teio era (1227)), but actually, the Teio era lasted only until 貞応3年 (the third year of the Teio era (1224)).
- 1401年(応永8)に博多商人肥富の献策で、僧祖阿と肥富を使節として明へ派遣する。
- Adopting the recommended proposal made by a Hakata merchant Koitomi, he sent a Buddhist priest Soa and Koitomi as envoys to the Ming Dynasty in 1401.
- 1351年(正平6年/観応2年)1月、直義軍は義詮を京都から追い、北朝を確保する。
- In January 1351, the Tadayoshi forces chased Yoshiakira from Kyoto and preserved the Northern Court.
- これは貴族色が強まった義満晩年の政策に反感を抱く武士達の不満に応えたものであった。
- These measures were in response to the discontent felt by many warriors toward the policies, which heavily favored the nobility, enacted by Yoshimitsu in his final years.
- このような状況のなか、慶応4年(1868年)1月3日に鳥羽・伏見の戦いが始まった。
- It was in the midst of these developments, on January 27, 1868, that countrywide tensions broke out into open conflict in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
- また、中身を知りたいという客のニーズに応えるため、透明の袋に詰めたものも存在する。
- There are also transparent bags to respond to the needs of customers who want to know the contents.
- 本格的な西洋数学導入までの間、和算(又は和算家)は応用面においても近代化を支えた。
- But until the fully-fledged introduction of western mathematics was under way, wasan (as well as wasan mathematicians) also played a part in the modernization of the country on the practical side.
- 場所を提供するとともに、注文に応じて茶や和菓子を飲み食いさせる店舗として発達した。
- Teahouses developed as retail venues that supported areas and, provided a place to drink teat and eat Japanese traditional snacks.
- 上等な道具を使うことを良しとしながらも、その場に応じて執り行うべきだともしている。
- Therefore, what utensils you use depends on where you are now though using good utensils is preferable.
- 応永31年(1424年)、持頼は上皇の女官と密通したと咎められ、幕府の追討を受けた。
- In 1424, Mochiyori was blamed for having an affair with a court lady who served a retired emperor, and was hunted down by bakufu.
- 応仁の乱においては西条家の義貞が東軍、東条家の義藤が西軍にそれぞれ属して戦っている。
- During the Onin war, both families participated in the battle; Yoshisada of the Saijo family belonged to the East squad, and Yoshifuji of Tojo the family belonged to the West squad.
- 慶応3年(1867年)、改革派同盟の盟主である針尾九左衛門・松林飯山らが暗殺された。
- In 1867, Kyuzaemon HARIO and Banzan MATSUBAYASHI, the leaders of the alliance for reform group, were assassinated.
- また南側岸壁は耐震構造を備えており、非常時の物資輸送にも対応できるようになっている。
- The quay on the south side is provided with an earthquake-proof structure, enabling goods to be transported during emergencies.
- 降伏した蝦夷の恩荷を山本郡・津軽郡二郡の郡領に定め、有馬浜で渡島国の蝦夷を饗応する。
- Appointed OGA of Ezo, who had surrendered, to the position of Gunryo (district magistrate) of two counties – Yamamoto and Tsugaru – and entertained the Ezo people of Oshima Province at Arima beach.
- が、何れにしても、乎非王が実際に応神に連なる血統の王族であったかどうかの確証はない。
- Whether or not it is true in each case, there is no confirmed evidence to support Prince Oi as a royal family with a lineage line to Ojin.
- 鎌倉時代末期に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、足利尊氏など幕府の有力御家人が呼応した。
- At the end of the Kamakura period, Emperor Godaigo launched an anti-shogunate movement and senior vassals of the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA, joined forces with the emperor.
- 私有奴隷(家人奴婢)の口分田は、地域の寛狭に応じ、並びに一般人の3分の1を支給する。
- To each privately-owned slave (called keninnuhi), a field whose area is one-third of that of an ordinary person, or an area dependent on the availability of land in the area, should be supplied.
- 貞陸は延徳2年(1490年)より明応7年(1498年)まで室町幕府政所執事を務めた。
- Sadamichi was Mandokoro Shitsuji (chief of Mandokoro, the Administrative Board) of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from 1490 through 1498.
- 良房は、政治権力の集中化も進めていき、そうした中で応天門の変(866年)が発生した。
- Yoshifusa promoted the concentration of political power, when the Otemon Incident happened (866).
- また、必要に応じて米や大豆などの買い付けなどの兵糧確保を行うのも重要な仕事であった。
- They were also given the important task of securing provisions by buying rice and soybeans when necessary.
- 制限貿易で、1401年(応永8)から1549年(天文18)まで19回に渡り行われる。
- This trade was a restricted trading, carried out 19 times from 1401 to 1549.
- 14世紀末の応安の半済令では、土地自体を半分割して接収する権利が、守護に与えられた。
- Hanzei-rei (literally, Hanzei law) issued in the Oan era in the end of 14th century provided shugo with the authority to confiscate half of the land.
- 応天門の変における、大納言伴善男の陰謀を描いた作品で、以下のような構成になっている。
- The drawing on the scroll lays out the story of the conspiracy of Dainagon TOMO no Yoshio in the Otenmon Incident and is consisted of the following scenes.
- これ以外に、小太刀術の技法を応用した護身術・スポーツとしてスポーツチャンバラがある。
- Besides, self-defense arts or sports using techniques of kodachijutu include Sports Chanbara.
- 灰汁の強い根菜や球根を主とする噛み応えのある野菜、豚肉の脂や味噌の香りが特徴である。
- Its characteristics are the combination of hard-to-chew vegetables such as root vegetables and bulbs, which are strong-tasting and harsh, and the flavor of lard and miso.
- 試合がないため過剰な稽古をする必要が無く、年齢体力に応じて自然に足腰の鍛練ができる。
- Because matches aren't held, there is no need for excessive training, and the discipline of the legs and loins can be done naturally depending on one's age and strength.
- しかし、すき家では安全性の懸念から、当面使用をみおくると表明するなど対応がわかれた。
- In contrast, Sukiya determined a different policy of not using such beef for a time with a safety concern.
- 海外起源の食材や料理法を応用した日本独自の料理(例 オムライス、日本風チキンライス)
- Japan-specific dishes in which foodstuffs or a cooking method originated in a foreign country is used (examples: rice omelet and Japanese-style chicken rice)
- それを応用して大正10年(1920年)に鈴木梅太郎が合成清酒の製法で特許を獲得した。
- Umetaro SUZUKI applied it and got a process patent for synthetic seishu in 1920.
- 観応の擾乱に際して、範国の嫡男今川範氏は足利尊氏方に属して功を立て、駿河守護職を継承。
- At the time of Kanno Disturbance, Noriuji IMAGAWA, a legitimate son of Norikuni, sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA, distinguished himself on the fields of battles and succeeded to the military governor of Suruga.
- 応仁の乱を避けて、数代にわたり若狭国南部(現在の福井県大飯郡おおい町)に移住していた。
- To escape the Onin War, the family moved to the southern part of Wakasa Province (the present Oi-cho, Oi-gun, Fukui Prefecture) where they lived for generations.
- 神功皇后の夫・応神天皇の父とされるが、実在性を含めて諸事績の史実性には疑いが持たれる。
- He was regarded as the husband of Empress Jingu and the father of Emperor Ojin, but there are doubts over the certainty of his actual achievements as historical facts, including his actual existence.
- マシュー・ペリー来航に伴う対応について、幕府は独断では処理できず、朝廷に報告を行った。
- As for the visit of the Matthew PERRY's fleet, the bakufu could not correspond on their own, and reported it to the Imperial Court.
- 臣籍降下後も親王宣下されることを望んでいたがかなわず、応永2年(1395年)出家した。
- He wished to be given the title Imperial Prince even after he left the Imperial family, but in vain, and he became a monk in 1395.
- 正応元年(1291年)5月に善統親王は出家したが、以後は「四辻入道親王」と呼称される。
- Imperial Prince Yoshimune became a priest in May 1291, and after that, he is called 'Yotsutsuji Nyudo Shinno' (Imperial Prince and Monk Yotsutsuji).
- この説では、後の大伴吹負の急襲においても、熊毛だけでなく高坂王まで内応していたとする。
- This theory says that not only Kumage, but also Takasaka no Okimi supported OTOMO no Fukei's surprise attack.
- しかし、そもそも『古事記』、『日本書紀』とも倭の五王の遣使に明確に対応する記事はない。
- There is no clear mention about the envoys of the five kings of Wa in 'Kojiki'and 'Nihonshoki' in the first place.
- 結果、応仁の乱は首都・京都を焦土としただけで何ら勝敗を決することなく終結したのである。
- Hence, the Onin War ended without any sort of conclusive victory for either side; the only thing it had accomplished was the near-total destruction of the capital, Kyoto.
- 応天門は大伴氏(伴氏)が造営したもので、源信が伴氏をのろって火をつけたものだとされた。
- The Otenmon gate was built by the Otomo clan (the Tomo clan), so he said MINAMOTO no Makoto cursed the Tomo clan and set fire to it.
- 色目の名と実際の組み合わせの対応は、有職故実のひとつであり、江戸期にかけて整理された。
- Keeping the names and the actual color combinations accurately corresponding with one another was part of Yusoku kojitsu (the court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) and they were organized until the Edo Period.
- 江戸小紋の技法に「型友禅」の技術を応用して、独特の趣向を打ち出したものが京小紋である。
- A technique of Edo-komon (fine patterns used in Edo) applied with the technique of 'kata-yuzen' to project a unique taste is Kyo-komon (fine patterns used in Kyoto).
- 応仁の乱の際にいち早く斯波氏が守護職をつとめる越前で下克上が発生するのはそのためである。
- When the Onin War started, the above situation resulted in Gekokujo (revolt of vassals against their lords) which quickly began in Echizen Province where the Shiba clan was serving as Shugoshiki.
- 後に嘉吉の乱を起こし、応仁の乱にも深く関わるなど戦国時代_(日本)の到来の一因を作った。
- Later, it provoked the Kakitsu War and was also involved in the Onin War, in consequence, causing the arrival of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- だが、その初代である有宣は応仁の乱以来の混乱を避け、若狭国(おおい町)の荘園に下向した。
- However, Arinobu, the first family head, left the capital and went down to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Oi-cho in the Wakasa Province to avoid the turmoil of the Onin War.
- なお、都市計画上は一応拡幅計画の遡上にあがっているが、事業化の見通しは全く立っていない。
- Plans to widen the road have already been placed at the top of the list for city planning, but there is no prospect for actual work as of yet.
- 以上の点から、応神天皇の「ホムダワケ」と言う名も実名だった、とこの仮説では見なしている。
- From these points, the above hypothesis assumes that 'Homudawake' of Emperor Ojin was also a real name.
- 冬嗣・良房は墾田開発を促進し、土地課税にシフトすることで状況に対応しようとしたのである。
- Both Fuyutsugu and Yoshifusa tried to deal with the situation by taxing the land.
- 義貞が箱根に迫ったとの報に接し、一時出家していた尊氏が直義の説得に応じ、戦線に復帰する。
- When Takauji who was temporarily a priest received the report that Yoshisada was approaching Hakone, he agreed to get back to the battle line by Tadayoshi's persuasion.
- 康応元年(1389年)には土岐康行を挑発して挙兵に追い込み、これを下す(土岐康行の乱)。
- In 1389, Yoshimitsu deliberately provoked Yasuyuki TOKI into raising troops and then crushed him (this incident is referred to as Yasuyuki TOKI's rebellion).
- 観応の擾乱が起こると、足利尊氏は鎌倉に東国10カ国を統括する機関として鎌倉府を設置した。
- Upon the occurrence of Kanno no Joran, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Kamakura government in Kamakura as an organization to control 10 countries in the east.
- この地の選定は中国から伝わった風水に基づく四神相応の考え方を元に行われたという説もある。
- It is also said that selection of the location followed beliefs of the Shijinsoo (an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods) of Feng Shui (Chinese geomancy) as learned from China.
- 応仁の乱で京都が荒廃すると、公家や禅僧は地方に移り、学問や文化の地方波及や庶民化が進む。
- When Kyoto was reduced to ruins during the Onin War, nobles and Zen monks relocated to the countryside, further spreading scholarship and culture in the provinces and advancing commoner culture as well.
- 仕込み開始から2週間、比較的高温で推移させた場合は、麹菌の酵素により諸味は一応液化する。
- In the case where it is kept under relatively high temperature for two weeks after starting the preparation, moromi is liquefied by enzyme of Aspergillus oryzae.
- - 慶応3年(1867年) - 昭和16年(1941年)日本の博物学者で生物学者である。
- From 1867 to 1941, he was a scholar of natural history and a biologist.
- また、大工のための作図技術である規矩術は幕末期より和算の応用によって理論的に整備された。
- Wasan was also applied to kiku-jutsu, which is a drafting technique for carpenters, in order to re-organize its theoretical aspects during the end of Edo period.
- 応仁の乱を契機として、地域が自立性を強め、それにつれて、地方の所領からの収入が途絶えた。
- After the Onin War, as the regional autonomy was enhanced, the income from local territories dried up.
- またからくりの存在が日本でロボットの研究や応用が盛んな理由の一つであるとする意見もある。
- And others say the research and development of robots is active in Japan partly because of the tradition of karakuri.
- 応用パターンとして平行線を複数本にしたり、中に菱形の截箔を施した入れ子菱、襷菱などがある
- The modifications include the patterns by increasing the number of parallel lines, the lozenge patterns that include another lozenge pattern made of pieces of gold leaf inside, and tasuki bishi patterns (diamond patterns on cord used to tuck up the sleeves of a kimono).
- 御家人筆頭の足利尊氏がこれに呼応して京都の六波羅探題を滅ぼし、上野国の新田義貞も挙兵した。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA, the top gokenin, acted in concert with the Emperor and destroyed Rokuhara Tandai in Kyoto, and Yoshisada NITTA in the Kozuke Province also followed them in raising an army.
- 正応2年(1289年)12月7日、26歳で内親王宣下を受け、同月10日准三后、女院となる。
- On January 26, 1290, she was given the title of imperial princess at age 26 and became Jusango (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) and nyoin on January 29, 1290.
- 嘉応元年(1169年)9月27日野宮に入り、同2年(1170年)9月10日伊勢に群行した。
- On October 26, 1169, she entered Nonomiya, and went to Ise on October 28, 1170.
- 大田文に記載されている公田の数量に応じて課税する段銭を公田段銭(こうでんだんせん)と呼ぶ。
- Kodendansen (public tansen) was tansen imposed on the basis of the number of public fields recorded in the Otabumi (state land register).
- 占術における重要な技法に、占った結果がいつ頃現実のものとなるかを推測する「応期法」がある。
- One of important techniques of divination is 'Okiho,' which surmises when the outcome of divination comes true.
- また、戦死者の格式に応じて供物が用意され、大将の首にはコンブや酒などが供えられるなどした。
- Also, offerings were arranged for formalities of individuals who died on the battlefield; for commanders, offerings of kelp and sake were prepared.
- 新選組は会津藩・桑名藩等に応援を要請するが、会津らの動きが遅く時刻になっても動かなかった。
- The Shinsen-gumi had asked for support from the Aizu, Kuwana, and other clans, but their actions were too slow, and they did not move when the time came.
- この時の整理令は摂関家内部の確執による対応の乱れもあって、比較的成果を収めたとされている。
- Seiri-rei in those times are said to have relatively had accomplishments, partly because of the disorder in response due to feud within the sekkan-ke.
- また酒の成分であるアミノ酸が糖と反応して次第に赤みを帯び、そして独特の風味も醸し出される。
- Moreover, the amino acid which is a component of the sake reacts with sugar, gradually forming a red tinge and creating a distinct flavor.
- したがって、一寸法師こと応神天皇の父は仲哀天皇でなく住吉大神で武内宿禰だったと納得がいく。
- Therefore, it is convincing that the father of Emperor Ojin, known as Issunboshi, was not Emperor Chuai but Sumiyoshi Okami, who was TAKENOUCHI no Sukune.
- そのうち、大和魂は、机上の知識を現実の様々な場面で応用する判断力・能力を表すようになった。
- Yamato-damashii soon began to signify the judgment and ability to put written knowledge to practical use in different real-life situations.
- 玉子丼や親子丼とよく似た料理法であり、親子丼の鶏肉をトンカツに変えた応用形とも考えられる。
- The recipe is similar to tamagodon (a bowl of rice topped with soy-sauce-flavored scrambled eggs) and the oyakodon (a bowl of rice topped with chicken and eggs), and it can be regarded as a variant of the latter in which the chicken replaces the pork cutlet.
- 応神天皇を祀っている八幡神社の数は、稲荷神社に次いで全国第2位であり、広く信仰されてきた。
- The number of Hachiman shrines that enshrine the Emperor Ojin is the second largest after the Inari-jinja Shrines, and they have been worshipped broadly.
- 普通ならば床に掛ける掛物を巻いたまま床に飾りつけておき、席中で客からの所望に応じて掛ける。
- Typically, kakemono, which is supposed to be hung on the wall of tokonoma, is displayed in tokonoma as being scrolled, and it is unrolled at the request of the guest during the ceremony.
- 応用パターンとして縦縞と横筋の本数や太さを変えたりしたものや、斜めにした斜格子文などがある
- The modifications include those in which a different number or width of vertical or horizontal lines is used, or slanting lattice patterns where either of the vertical or horizontal lines are slanted.
- その後の観応の擾乱では、南朝側に与して足利直冬に従ったが、足利義詮時代には幕府側に帰参した。
- Subsequently, Tokiuji supported the Southern Court and obeyed Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA in the Kanno War; however, in the era of Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the Yamana clan returned to the side of the bakufu.
- 応仁の乱が起こると美濃土岐氏が西軍に属したのに対して、持頼の子の世保政康は東軍に属している。
- In the Onin War, while Mino-Toki clan belonged to the West squad, Masayasu SEHO, the son of Mochiyori belonged to East squad.
- 応仁の乱の際、但馬国より出撃した山名氏方の将・太田垣氏と丹波諸豪を従え夜久野で交戦している。
- In the Onin War, the Naito clan, accompanied by other local ruling families of Tanba, fought at Yakuno with the generals of the Otagaki clan which had supported the Yamana clan from Tajima Province.
- これにより備は同時代における西洋の戦闘隊形に較べ高い機動力と地形に対する適応力を持っていた。
- Because of this, compared to the western battle array of the same period, sonae possessed higher mobility and topographical adaptability.
- 5月7日、足利高氏は佐々木道誉や赤松則村らと呼応して六波羅探題を攻め落とし、京都を制圧した。
- On May 7, Takauji ASHIKAGA defeated Rokuhara Tandai in cooperation with Doyo SASAKI, Norimura AKAMATSU and the like, and conquered Kyoto.
- このことから、一国平均役の賦課に即応できる体制が、諸国において構築されていたと見られている。
- This suggests that provinces had a system to immediately respond to the imposition of ikkoku heikinyaku taxes or tasks.
- 応永32年(1425年)には洛中洛外の酒屋の数は342軒に達していたことが記録に残っている。
- A record shows that there were 342 sakaya inside and outside Kyoto in 1425.
- これに呼応して苦戦していた中川・高山両隊も明智軍を押し返し、こうして明智軍は総崩れとなった。
- Acting in concert, Nakagawa's and Takayama's corps so far fighting an uphill battle forced back Akechi's troops, who then broke into a stampede.
- しかし挙兵直前に企てが発覚したことと併せて期待していた令旨に呼応する挙兵勢力も現れなかった。
- However, this plan was found out just before the forces were ready and none of the forces that had been anticipated to support the call appeared.
- 8月3日、備中国権史生の大宅鷹取が応天門の放火の犯人は伴善男とその子伴中庸であると訴え出る。
- On August 3, OYAKE no Takatori, the Gon no shisho (an assistant doing miscellaneous duties about documents) of Bicchu Province, came forth claiming that the arsonists of Otenmon gate were TOMO no Yoshio and his son TOMO no Nakatsune.
- この要求に応じる形で口上を述べ、弁舌を振るったのが活動弁士の元祖、上田布袋軒なる人物である。
- It was Hoteiken UEDA, the first katsudo benshi, who met the demand with his fluent speech.
- そして応仁の乱の頃から行われなくなったが、江戸時代(1691年)に再開され、次第に広まった。
- This event was stopped around the time of the Onin War, but was started again in the Edo period (1691) and gradually spread.
- この体型はまだ遊泳力のない仔魚が、海流に乗って移動するための浮遊適応であると考えられている。
- Because the larvae are not capable of swimming on their own, this body shape is considered to be an adaptation so that they can travel by drifting with the ocean current.
- 主に東日本で見られるもので、西日本で旧暦10月の亥の日に行われる亥の子に対応するものである。
- It is held mainly in eastern Japan, and it is equivalent to inoko (a baby boar festival) held in western Japan on the day of Boar in October of the old lunar calendar.
- また、義明の死去により真里谷氏では再び信応と信隆による家督争いが起こり、家運は急速に衰退する。
- Due to the death of Yoshiaki, the dispute over succession occurred again between Nobumasa and Nobutaka in the Mariya clan, which resulted in the rapid decline of the family fortunes.
- 慶応3年11月18日 (旧暦) 油小路事件 伊東甲子太郎、藤堂平助、毛内有之助、服部武雄ら刺殺
- November 18 1867, Kinetaro ITO, Heisuke TODO, Arinosuke MONAI, Takeo HATTORI and others were stabbed to death in the Aburano-koji Incident.
- 東舞鶴市も了承したことから、「時局ノ要請二応ジ大軍港都市建設ノ為」すべて京都府知事に一任した。
- Higashi-Maizuru City accepted these conditions and, given the situation prevailing at that time and the request to build a large naval port, both cities left the decision to the governor of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 1868年(慶応4年)1月 - 鳥羽・伏見の戦いで、敗走した幕府軍が淀藩へ助けを求めるが拒絶。
- January 1868: The army of Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which had been defeated in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, ran away to the Yodo clan for help but was rejected.
- 応和元年(961年)5月10日、検非違使に家宅を捜索され次男源親繁が捕らえられる不面目に遭う。
- On June 30, 961, he lost face because of a house search by kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) in which his second son MINAMOTO no Chikashige was arrested.
- 慶応元年3月16日(1865年4月11日)、広橋右衛門督を遣わして竣工の状況を視し、奉幣した。
- On April 11, 1865, Hirohashi Uemon-no-kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Guards) was sent to the mausoleum, where he confirmed the completion of restoration and offered a heihaku (Shinto offering of hemp cloth, rope, paper etc., to a Shinto shrine deity).
- 唐末期(8世紀末)には、大土地所有が拡大していき、呼応するように徐々に均田制が崩壊していった。
- Towards the end of the Tang era (towards end of the eighth century), persons owning large land areas increased, gradually destroying the equal field system.
- そして、朝廷や国衙は必要に応じて武士の家に属する者を召集して紛争の収拾などに当たったのである。
- And the Imperial Court or kokuga called up the people who belonged to a bushi family and made them cope with disputes and so on, if necessary.
- 湿度の高い気候に適応するため、袖口が広くなるなど風通しの良いゆったりとしたシルエットになった。
- Clothes became such that breathed well with opened-cuffs and loose-fitting to fit to a highly-humid climate.
- 三宅御土居は、益田兼見により、室町時代の応永年間(1368〜75)年に築かれたといわれている。
- Miyake odoi was allegedly built between 1368 and 1375 by Kaneharu MIYAKE.
- 建武の新政は、性急であったことと、複雑化した土地訴訟事案への対応ができなかったことで混乱した。
- The Kenmu administration was characterized by impatience and, being unable to provide a solution to the complicated land-related lawsuits with which they were plagued, was beset by confusion.
- こうした災害を理由とした改元(長享・延徳・明応)が相次いでいるのもそれを裏付けていると言える。
- The successive changes of the imperial era name (Chokyo, Entoku, and Meio) attributed to these disasters endorse this observation.
- 日本全国各地の応神天皇を祀る神社や神功皇后を祀る八幡神社神社も同様に仲哀天皇が無視されている。
- Even at shrines that enshrine Emperor Ojin, and at Hachiman-jinja Shrines that enshrine Empress Jingu throughout Japan, Emperor Chuai is equally ignored.
- ほうじ茶は、土瓶ややかん、急須(きゅうす)など、その地方や状況に応じて様々な器具で入れられる。
- Hojicha can be brewed using a wide variety of instruments such as a dobin (earthenware teapot), kettle, or kyusu (small teapot), and this can depend on the area or situation.
- 八幡山の御神体は応神天皇騎馬像で、運慶の作と云われる騎馬像に金箔を施し、お山の小祠に祀っている
- The goshintai (object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity) of Hachimanyama is the Statue of Horse-riding Emperor Ojin, which is an equestrian statue said to be a work by Unkei, done in gold lacquering and enshrined in the shoshi (small shrine) which is placed on the float.
- また、武庫中学の講堂も久原から譲り受け、応急修理の後、校長室、事務室、会議室などに利用された。
- Also the school got the auditorium of Muko Middle School from KUHARA and it was reused as the principal's room, office, and meeting room after repaired temporally.
- 改めて世阿弥が応永年間(1394 - 1427年)以降の自作に自信を持っていたことが記される。
- It is written in the section that again here Zeami was confident his works after Oei era (1394-1427).
- その当事者である康行は後に帰参を許され、応永7年(1400年)に「伊勢北半国守護」に再任された。
- Subsequently, Yasuyuki, the main culprit of the rebellion, was permitted to return to the service of his former lord, and was reassigned to serve as Hankoku shugo (provincial constable in charge of the half area of the Province) in the northern part of Ise Province in 1400.
- 政季が築城を開始して忠季が1495年(明応4年)頃に修築を完了したのが、檜山安東氏城館跡である。
- The site of the Hiyama Ando clan's castle, is which Masasue began constructing and Tadasue completed the restoration in 1495.
- だが、泰親は平氏の衰亡や以仁王の乱を予言し、有世は明徳の乱・応永の乱を予言したとも言われている。
- However, it is also said that Yasuchika predicted the decline and fall of the Taira clan and rise of Prince Mochihito, and that Ariyo predicted Meitoku War and Oei War.
- 1467年の応仁の乱では、河内国の守護大名である畠山氏の抗争に巻き込まれて、大和国内は混乱する。
- In the Onin War of 1467, the conflicts of Shugo Daimyo (provincial constable) of Kawachi Province the Hatakeyama clan acted as a trigger, in Yamato Province, some turbulence was caused.
- 暦応4年/興国2年(1341年)2月、宇津峰南城に於て南朝 (日本)から征夷大将軍に任ぜられた。
- In February 1341, he was appointed to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in Uzumine Minami-jo Castle by the Southern Court (Japan).
- そして1577年、上杉謙信の能登国・加賀国侵攻に呼応して、再び謀反を起こし信貴山城に立て籠もる。
- In 1577, in response to Kenshin UESUGI's invasion of Noto-no-kuni and Kaga-no-kuni, Hisahide raised a rebellion again and was shut up within Shigisan Castle.
- 明治政府は不平を持つ士族の反乱や自由民権運動への対応の中から、議会制度の必要性を認識していった。
- While handling Fuheishizoku-no-Hanran (rebellions of former samurai with gripes) and Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), the Meiji Government began to realize the need for a parliamentary system.
- なお、「光明皇后」というのは諡号や追号の類ではなく通称で、正式な尊号は天平応真仁正皇太后という。
- Empress Komyo' was not a shigo (posthumous title) or a posthumous title, but a common name, and her formal honorary title was 天平応真仁正皇太后 (Empress Dowager Tenpyo Oshinninsho).
- この明応の政変とは、いわば将軍である足利義稙(足利義視の子)を追放し清晃を将軍としたことだった。
- This Coup of Meio was an action to oust the shogun, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA (a son of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA) and to make Seiko shogun.
- 通信使は柳川事件の翌年に、それまで柳川家主導で応対されていたものが対馬宗氏の手によって招かれた。
- In the year next to the year when the Yanagawa Incident occurred, the So clan in Tsushima invited Tsushinshi, instead of the Yanagawa family that had mainly handled such events until then.
- この動きは13世紀後半の元寇によって加速し、幕府の対応策は徳政令発布や得宗専制という形で現れた。
- This move was accelerated due to the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, and the measures taken by the bakufu against this move appeared in the forms of Tokuseirei (ordering the return of land sold and the dissolution of debts) and the tyranny of the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan.
- 特に明応の政変による幕府内部の混乱は幕府有力者達による山城国人衆への切り崩し工作となって現れた。
- The disorder within the bakufu brought by the Coup of Meio prompted the bakufu leaders to wipe out the local samurais of Yamashiro Province.
- この事件をはじめとして、応仁の乱に至るまで、南朝の子孫は反幕勢力に担がれて断続的に活動を続けた。
- From the time of this incident onward, until the time of the Onin War, the descendants of the Southern Court and dynasty, taken in by various powerful anti-shogunate forces, continued acting intermittently against the Northern dynasty and the shogunate.
- 一方、信長は29日に秀吉の応援に自ら出陣するため小姓を中心とする僅かの供回りを連れ安土城を発つ。
- On the other hand, on May 29, Nobunaga departed from Azuchi-jo Castle with a small suite, mainly consisting of pages, to the front in order to support Hideyoshi.
- 甲陽鎮撫隊は甲府盆地へ兵を進めたが、慶応4年3月6日 (旧暦)(同3月29日)新政府軍に敗れた。
- The Koyo-Chinbutai infantry advanced to the Kofu basin, but was defeated by the new government's forces on March 29, 1868.
- 1368年(正平23年/応安元年)には後村上天皇が住吉行宮で死去し、同地にて長慶天皇が即位する。
- In 1368, Emperor Gomurakami died at the Sumiyoshi Angu and Emperor Chokei ascended the throne at the Angu.
- 現存する最初の半済令は、1352年(観応3年/正平 (日本)7年)7月に室町幕府から発布された。
- The oldest hanzei law in existence was published by the Muromachi bakufu in July 1352.
- しかし醤油醸造は酵素反応で原料が分解されれば終了という単純なものではなく、広く使われてはいない。
- However, this method is not widely used; soy-sauce brewing is not nearly so simple that the brewing is finished when the raw materials are decomposed by enzyme reactions.
- 誤解からの日本の妖怪としてや、また近代史における「西洋の妖怪」として、日本でも相応の歴史がある。
- As misinterpreted Japanese yokai and also as 'western yokai' in the modern history, they have a comparable history in Japan.
- 慶応4年(1868年)の鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは幕府方として戦ったが敗戦し、以後は明治政府に恭順した。
- In 1868 they fought on the side of the bakufu in the Battle of Toba, Fushimi, but were defeated and thereafter obeyed the Meiji government.
- 住吉三神とともに住吉大神の1柱として、また応神天皇とともに八幡神の1柱として信仰されるようになる。
- She became to be worshiped as not only one of Sumiyoshi Okami with Sumiyoshi Sanjin (Sumiyoshi three deities) but also one of the Hachimanjin (the god of Hachiman-gu Shrine).
- 古市陵墓監区事務所(大阪府羽曳野市・応神天皇陵、管轄=大阪・兵庫・和歌山・香川・徳島・愛媛・高知)
- Furuichi Mausoleum Regional Office (Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture, Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin, jurisdiction=Osaka, Hyogo, Wakayama, Kagawa, Tokushima, Ehime, and Kochi Prefectures),
- 後光明天皇治世の承応3年(1654年)8月18日に准后に叙せられたが、同年中に天皇が崩御している。
- She was conferred the title of Jugo (an honarary rank next to the empresses) on September 28, 1654 during the reign of the Emperor Gokomyo, but the emperor passed away within the same year.
- 後宮職員令では内親王としての品位 (身位)に応じて封禄を賜い、更に春と秋には号禄を賜うものとする。
- Gokushikiinryo also provided compensation based on Hi's honi (court rank) and bonus in spring and fall.
- 警備面でもひめゆりの塔事件を教訓として、本土から多数の警察官が応援のため増派、厳戒態勢が取られた。
- As for security, learning a lesson from the incident at Himeyuri-no-to Tower, the National Police Agency enforced tight security measures by mobilizing the increased number of police officers dispatched from the mainland.
- このような事情と、幕府の支配体制が一応の完成を見たことから、慶安4年、幕府は末期養子の禁を解いた。
- For the circumstance described above, and together with the fact that the control system of the shogunate was considered complete and secure for the time being, in 1651, the shogunate lifted the ban on Matsugo yoshi.
- 慶長8年(1603年)から慶応3年(1867年)までは江戸時代と呼ばれ、江戸に江戸幕府が置かれた。
- The era from 1603 to 1867 is called the Edo period, and the Edo bakufu was placed in Edo.
- 応天門の変のおよそ300年後、後白河天皇が『年中行事絵巻』とともに常磐光長に描かせたと推定される。
- Emperor Goshirakawa is thought to have commissioned this scroll and the 'Nenchugyoji Emaki' (picture scroll dipicting annual events and celebrations) to Mitsunaga TOKIWA 300 years after the Otenmon Incident.
- 租庸調、雑徭および各種の臨時の賦課も、それに対応した徴収方法を採用しなければならないことになった。
- Soyocho, zoyo, and various temporary impositions had to adopt corresponding collection methods.
- 9月22日、朝廷は伴善男らを応天門の放火の犯人であると断罪して死罪、罪一等を許されて流罪と決した。
- On September 22, the court found TOMO no Yoshio and others guilty of the arson of the Otenmon gate, and their punishment was banishment, rather than the death penalty or that of a first degree crime.
- イソチオシアネートは大根をすりおろしたり切ることで、細胞が壊れると初めて化学反応により生成される。
- Isothiocyanate is only produced from a chemical reaction when the cells of the daikon radish are broken by grating or cutting them.
- この流れは、幕末に帝国主義時代の欧米の接近に際して対応する力となり、開国の原動力のひとつになった。
- This flow became a power responding to approaches at the end of the Edo period by European countries in the imperialism period, and became one of motivations to mark the end of a long period of isolation.
- 外国(中国)の文化や文明を享受するうえで、それと対になるべき(日本人の)常識的・日本的な対応能力。
- The commonsensical, typically Japanese ability (of the Japanese people) to respond to situations, which should go hand-in-hand with an appreciation of foreign (Chinese) culture and civilization.
- 本膳料理 - 室町時代から武家の饗応料理として発達したもので、江戸時代には本式の日本料理とされた。
- Honzen-ryori dishes: Developed as dishes for entertaining samurai starting in the Muromachi period, and said to be formal nihon-ryori dishes during the Edo period.
- 当世具足や竹束などの火縄銃に対応した防御装備が広まった結果、小筒に替わり主に用いられる様になった。
- The protective equipment for defense against hinawaju, such as Tosei-gusoku (armor), taketaba (a bamboo shield against firearms) and so on, spread and as a result, it was mainly used instead of a small barrel.
- 海に注ぐ河口付近に棲息するものは、淡水・汽水・海水に常時適応できるため、自由に行き来して生活する。
- Those that live in the vicinity of the mouth of a river that opens to the sea are able to constantly adapt to freshwater, brackish water and the seawater, and therefore they spend their lives freely going back and forth between different water environments.
- 一応は防具 (剣道)面の突き垂が保護しているものの、外すと危険なので、中学生以下は禁止されている。
- Although a tsukidare of men-mask, a guard mask of kendo swordmanship, protects the throat, the tsuki is prohibited for junior high school students and younger because it is dangerous if they remove the mask.
- 尾張国のみを残すところとなった斯波氏であるが、応仁の乱後にすぐさま織田氏の傀儡となったわけではない。
- Although the Shiba clan ended up holding only Owari Province, it did not become a Kairai (puppet) of the Oda clan immediately after the Onin War.
- 祖先は応永の乱で室町幕府第3代将軍・足利義満に反乱を起こした大内義弘の次男・大内持盛と言われている。
- The earliest ancestor of the clan is said to be Mochimori OUCHI, the second son of Yoshihiro OUCHI, who rebelled against the third Muromachi shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, in the Oei War.
- 特に赤穂藩主浅野長矩が饗応役を務めた際に起こった刃傷事件(元禄赤穂事件)の時に江戸城に下向していた。
- Incidentally, he had come from Kyoto to Edo-jo Castle and was present during the Ako Incident, which was an act of bloodshed caused by Naganori ASANO, the lord of Ako in Harima Province, who served as an attendant at a reception for the shogun.
- 後漢霊帝 (漢)の後裔と言われ、応神天皇の時代に日本に帰化した阿智王(阿智使主)を祖とすると伝わる。
- The Sakanoue clan is said to have been the descendant of Emperor Ling of the Later Han Dynasty, and the ancestor of the clan is said to have been Prince Achi (Achi no Omi), who was naturalized in Japan in the era of Emperor Ojin.
- 「西陣」の名は応仁の乱で西軍総大将である山名宗全が堀川よりも西に陣をおいたとされたことが由来である。
- The word 'nishijin' (literally meaning 'a camp in the west') originated from the Onin no Ran (Onin War) in which Sozen YAMANA, the Commander in Chief of the Western Army, set up a camp to the west of Horikawa.
- 乱直後の貞応2年(1223年)に放火にあって焼失したものの、幕府を憚って以後再建される事はなかった。
- After the war in 1223, the Kayain was set fire and lost, however, it was never rebuilt again, in fear of the bakufu.
- 963年(応和3年)に元服し、三品に叙任され、のち兵部卿などを歴任したが、971年に22歳で没する。
- In 963, he celebrated his attainment of manhood and was awarded the rank of Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Prince's ranks); he later held the posts of Hyobukyo (Minister of Hyobusho Ministry of Military) and so on, but died at age 22 in 971.
- また武光によれば、武烈天皇などは実在した天皇ではなく、応神天皇の実在に関しても諸説ある、としている。
- He says that Emperor Buretsu never even existed and that there are also various theories about the existence of Emperor Ojin.
- 応永2年(1395年)剃髪して僧侶になり九州の筑紫まで落ち延びていた満幸も捕らえられて京で斬られた。
- In 1395, Mitsuyuki, who had become a priest and managed to escape to Tsukushi in Kyushu, was captured and killed in Kyoto.
- 応永16年(1409年)の足利満兼の死後には幕府直轄地となり、幕府管領の被官が代官として派遣された。
- After Mitsukane ASHIKAGA died in 1409, it was placed under direct control of the bakufu and a vassal of the bakufu kanrei (shogunal deputy) was dispatched as a daikan (local governor).
- そのため、騎馬のまま突撃したり、下馬して武家奉公人と共に徒で突き進むといった状況に応じた行動を採る。
- Therefore, they responded either by attacking on horsebacks or by getting off the horses and advancing on foot with their samurai family servants, depending on the situation.
- 西郷隆盛の庄内藩に対する対応は巧妙であり、これに感激した庄内の人々は、西郷に対する尊敬の念を深めた。
- His handling of the Shonai Domain was elaborate; moved by this, people in the domain deeply respected him.
- 応仁の乱で将軍の権威は完全に失墜し幕府の権力は衰退したが、将軍の軍事的な実権はある程度保たれていた。
- The Onin War completely eclipsed shogunal authority and stripped the bakufu of much of its power, but the Shogun was able to hold onto some measure of de facto authority through his military power.
- 後深草はこれを見届けると正応3年(1290年)に出家(48歳)し、治天の政務も伏見に譲って引退した。
- After witnessing this, Gofukakusa retired and became a priest in 1290 (aged 48), also yielding the job of Chiten to Fushimi.
- これに応えて、江戸の関孝和や京都の田中由真(たなかよしざね)があいついで点竄術(傍書法)を創造した。
- As a response to this challenge, Takakazu SEKI from Edo and Yoshizane TANAKA from Kyoto created Tenzan-jutsu (also called Bosho-ho) in succession.
- この家督争いが足利将軍家や畠山氏の家督相続と関係して1467年の応仁の乱を引き起こす原因の1つになる。
- That succession dispute partly caused the outbreak of the Onin War in 1467 in connection with the succession to the position of family head in the Ashikaga Shogunal family and that in the Hatakeyama clan.
- 古来より、神嘗祭には皇室から神宮に幣帛使が派遣されていたが、応仁の乱以降は中断されることも多くなった。
- Since the ancient times, the Imperial Family used to dispatch Heihakushi (a messenger who brings a sacramental strip of paper (silk)) to Ise-jingu Shrine on the Kannamesai, but the dispatch was often stopped after the Onin War.
- 慶応4年(1868年)3月2日 (旧暦)、多年に渡り楽道に精進した功労などを賞され、一品に叙せされる。
- On March 25, 1868, he was granted Ippon (the first rank of Imperial Prince) in recognition of many years of his efforts in the field of court music.
- 通常、上皇・皇太子以下男性貴族は公的な場に冠・私的な場に烏帽子を対応する平安装束と共に使い分けていた。
- Generally, retired emperors, princes, and male nobles wore Court caps at official occasions and eboshi (formal headwear for Court nobles) at private occasions, with matching Heian costumes respectively.
- 戦国大名の元で大規模な新田開発や灌漑整備が進められ、築城技術で培われた土木技術が農業面でも応用された。
- Under sengoku daimyo, large-scale development of new fields and maintenance of irrigation were promoted utilizing civil engineering technology developed in castle building technology for agricultural purposes.
- この京(京職)、条(坊令)、坊(坊長)の行政組織は、国(国司)、郡(郡司)、里(里長)と対応している。
- This capital city (kyoshiki), jo (jorei) and bo (bocho) administrative organization system corresponded to the koku (provincial governor), gun (district manager) and ri (village chief) system.
- また、両チームにはチーム代表で解説や進行を担当する「頭」や、応援担当の「念人」が選出されることもある。
- In addition, there were cases where 'to,' who was in charge of commentary and direction for their team, and 'nennin,' whose job was to support their team, were selected.
- 1467年9月27日(応仁元年8月29日)、突然、義視が東軍を出奔して伊勢国の北畠教具の元に身をおく。
- On September 27, 1467, Yoshimi suddenly ran away from the Eastern camp and took refuge with Noritomo KITABATAKE of Ise Province.
- 後の1412年(応永19年)には後小松皇子の称光天皇が即位しており、両統迭立の条件は反故にされている。
- Later, in 1412, Gokomatsu's son, Emperor Shoko ascended the throne and the conditions for Ryoto Tetsuritsu were broken.
- 同じく粘りのある納豆やナガイモ、オクラ、鶏卵などの食材と合わせることや、調理法が応用されることもある。
- Mekabu seaweed is sometimes eaten in combination with other viscous foodstuffs such as natto (fermented soybeans), nagaimo (Dioscorea opposite), okra or eggs and, in addition, is occasionally cooked according to recipes developed for those foodstuffs.
- 大和流(やまとりゅう)とは、江戸初期(承応元年・1652年)に森川香山により開かれた弓道の流派である。
- Yamato school, one of the Kyudo (Japanese art of archery) schools, was founded by Kozan MORIKAWA in the early Edo period (in 1652).
- 勝元の子・細川政元は明応の政変で将軍足利義稙(義稙)を廃立、政敵の畠山政長を抹殺し幕政の実権を掌握した。
- The son of Katsumoto, Masamoto HOSOKAWA achieved the enthronement and dethronement of the Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA (Yoshitane) in Meio Coup, and killed the political enemy Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, and gaining the real power of bakufu.
- 宗全の死後、家督は山名政豊が継いだものの、宗全死去や応仁の乱などによって一族の勢力は急速に衰退してゆく。
- Sozen's death and the continuation of the Onin War rapidly diminished the power of the clan, even though Masatoyo YAMANA took over the family estate as the head of the Yamana clan.
- 承応1年(1652年)に徳川家綱に初めて披露され、明暦3年(1657年)従五位下に任官し信濃守を名乗る。
- He was first introduced by Ietsuna TOKUGAWA in 1652 and referred to himself as Shinano no kami after he was appointed as Jugoinoge in 1657.
- 3代国信以降は若狭国、丹後国の両国を中心に領国経営を行う一方で幕府の出兵要請に応えて頻繁に京へ出兵する。
- The third head Kuninobu and subsequent heads frequently sent the army to Kyoto in response to a request from the bakufu while ruling Wakasa and Tango Provinces.
- 正応3年(1290年)に浅原為頼による伏見暗殺未遂事件が起こると、黒幕と疑われた亀山の地位は急速に低下。
- When an assassination attempt on Fushimi by Tameyori ASAHARA occurred in 1290, Kameyama, who was a suspected mastermind, rapidly lost his position.
- また、応仁の乱直前には都に集結した兵士によって土倉などが荒らされて「私徳政」と称した事件も発生している。
- Immediately before the Onin War, samurai warriors who were assembled in the capital broke into and robbed financial institutions called doso, calling their robberies 'shi-tokusei,' which literally means 'privately declared tokusei.'
- また国学の初歩である古典を教える寺子屋も増えるなど、時代状況に応じて寺子屋も少しずつ変化を遂げて行った。
- Terakoya that taught Koten (classics) which was the basics of Kokugaku also increased, and Terakoya gradually changed with the times.
- しかしながら、これは従来の饗応、待遇を全面的に変更するものであり、結果として日朝間の外交摩擦に発展する。
- However, the former ways of treating and entertaining the envoy were totally changed in the new system, resultantly leading to diplomatic conflicts between Japan and Korea.
- しかし朝鮮王朝は講和に応じず、4月19日朝鮮王朝軍は薺浦へ攻撃をかけ、薺浦は陥落、倭軍は対馬へ撤退する。
- However, the Korean Dynasty refused his proposal for the negotiations, and on April 19, the Korean Dynasty Army attacked Seiho and succeeded in obtaining it, so the Japanese Army had to retreat to Tsushima.
- これらの動きにより、領主職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領主など、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだした。
- With the development of the above movement, jito who held ryoshu shiki (rights and responsibilities of the lord of shoen) and the lord of shoen who held jitoshiki (rights and responsibilities of jito) appeared and the traditional role-sharing system based on status began to collapse.
- 冒頭の詞書は失われているが、内容は宇治拾遺物語 巻第十の「伴大納言、応天門を焼く事」で補うことができる。
- Although the introductory words are lost, the content can be supplemented by referring to Uji Shui Monogatari (a collection of the Tales from Uji) story volume 10, 'Burning of the Oten-mon Gate by Dainagon (chief councilor of state) BAN.'
- しかし、『吾妻鏡』によれば、阿波重能は合戦後の捕虜に含まれており、このような内応は実際はなかったようだ。
- But according to the 'Azuma kagami,' Shigenori AWA numbered among the prisoners of war in the battle, and nothing at all is mentioned of any treachery by him.
- 慶応3年6月 山陵奉行 戸田忠至に属し、長円寺から東山の高台寺 月真院に移り禁裏御陵衛士の標札を掲げた。
- In June 1867, Goryo-eji came under the command of Tadayuki TODA who was Sanryo bugyo (commissioner in charge of imperial mausoleums), and moved from Choen-ji Temple to Gesshin-in Temple of Kodai-ji Temple in HIgashiyama, setting up a nameplate which read Kinri Goryo Eji (a splinter group of the Shinsengumi) there.
- 応仁の乱での京都の荒廃を機に地方伝播し、惣村や都市の発達により成長していた庶民にも文化が浸透していった。
- Taking advantage of the fact that the capital, Kyoto, lay in ruins as a result of Onin War, culture began to spread out into the provinces, and even disseminated down to the commoners, who had been advancing socially thanks to the development and growth of soson (peasant villages) and new urban areas in the provinces.
- 鷹取は応天門の前から善男と中庸、雑色の豊清の3人が走り去ったのを見て、その直後に門が炎上したと申し出た。
- Takatori claimed that he saw Yoshio, Nakatsune, and Toyokiyo, the Zoshiki (low-level functionary) run away from the front of the Otenmon gate, which went up in flames directly after.
- 日本においては弓矢の神ではなく「弓矢神」という一つの単語になっていて、応神天皇(八幡神)のことでもある。
- In Japan, there is one word, 'Yumiya-shin' (the god of the bow and arrow), which means Emperor Ojin (Hachimanshin - God of War).
- それまでの構図や彩色法の型を破って、水彩画法を応用して従来の日本画になかった色彩を横長の画面で表現した。
- He broke the traditional style of composition and coloring, adopted watercolor techniques and expressed colors which had never seen in the traditional Japanese paintings in a landscape-oriented picture.
- 8代将軍義政は、応仁の乱後、京都の東山 (京都府)に山荘をつくり、そこに祖父義満にならって銀閣を建てた。
- After the Onin War, the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa built a villa in Higashiyama, Kyoto (Kyoto Prefecture), where he constructed a silver pavilion after the example of his grandfather Yoshimitsu.
- ともあれ、いさかいを起こしながらも、一応同盟を結んだ両家は次第にともに共謀して反信長に結束することになる。
- At any rate, the two families entered into an alliance as best they could even through they had an argument, but ended up conspiring together against Nobunaga.
- 斯波義重は1399年の応永の乱における大内氏討伐の功により越前国・尾張国の守護職を与えられ、以降世襲する。
- In recognition of his conquest of the Ouchi clan in the Oei Rebellion of 1399, Yoshishige SHIBA was appointed as Shugoshiki (military governor) of Echizen and Owari provinces which was kept in the order of succession after that.
- これらのことは、当初は友好的な関係にあった山名氏と細川京兆家との関係悪化を招き、応仁の乱の遠因ともなった。
- These worsened the relationship between the Yamana clan and the Hosokawa Keicho family that was originally in friendly term, and it also became an underlying cause of the Onin War.
- キリシタンに対しても寛容な対応を示すなど、仏教(宗派に関係なく)、神道、キリスト教など幅広い宗教を認めた。
- He showed tolerant attitude toward Christians and allowed various religions such as Buddhism (all sects), Shinto and Christianity.
- 華族子弟には相応の教育を受けさせることが定められ、また一族の私生活に不祥事が有れば宮内省から処分を受けた。
- It was specified that the children in the kazoku class should be educated properly, and when a scandal was found, the whole family was punished by the Imperial Household Agency.
- 1867年11月9日(慶応3年)の大政奉還により、統治権が幕府から京都の朝廷に返上されて新政府が誕生した。
- The restoration of imperial rule on November 9, 1867 saw the bakufu relinquish sovereignty to the Imperial Court in Kyoto, and a new government was formed.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の端緒となる応仁の乱で市街、特に北側の大半が焼失し、その後もたびたび戦乱に巻き込まれた。
- During the Onin War which was the start of the Sengoku period, the city, in particular the majority of the northern side, was destroyed by fire and would later frequently become embroiled in conflict.
- 慶応4年(1868年)明治維新に際し、聖護院宮(しょうごいんのみや)を称し、還俗し、再び嘉言親王を称する。
- In 1868, when the Meiji Restoration took place, he called himself Shogoinnomiya, and then he returned to secular life and called himself the Imperial Prince Yoshikoto again.
- 中国の『宋書』に見える「倭の五王」中の倭王讃に比定する説がある(応神天皇もしくは仁徳天皇とする説もあり)。
- There is a theory which identifies him with the king of Wa (Japan), whose name was King San, one of the 'five kings of Wa' which appear in 'So-jo' (literally, Book of Song [one of the Nanbeichao or the Southern Dynasties of China]), (whereas other theories identify Emperor Ojin or Emperor Nintoku with King San).
- 江戸時代に入ると、『庭訓往来』のような既成の往来物に加えて新たな往来物が目的に応じて著されるようになった。
- In the Edo period, on top of the then existing oraimono such as 'Teikin Orai,' new oraimono were introduced with different purposes.
- 大名と家臣の関係も必要に応じ登城し務めを果たす関係から常に登城し務めを果たす専従の関係へと発展していった。
- This caused a change in the relationship between vassals and daimyo; whereas vassals formerly went to the castle to work when necessary, under the new policy they were required to work in the castle every day.
- 三条制札事件(さんじょうせいさつじけん)は、幕末の慶応2年9月12日 (旧暦)(1866年10月20日)。
- Sanjo-ohashi Bridge Noticeboard Incident occurred on October 20, 1866 during the the end of the Edo Period.
- 応天門の変(おうてんもんのへん)は、平安時代前期の貞観_(日本)8年(866年)に起こった政治事件である。
- The 'Otenmon no Hen' (the Otenmon gate incident) was a political incident which happened in 866, in the early Heian period.
- 蕪村から学んだ文人画(南画)を基礎とし、応挙の写生画風を取り入れ、独自の形で発展させ、四条派を作り上げる。
- He rather took the realism of Okyo in his own style and developed it uniquely on the basis of literati painting (Nanga) learned from Buson and built up the Shijo school.
- 小習(こならい)・習事(ならいごと)とは茶道の修道課程のひとつで、道具や状況に応じた手続きをまとめたもの。
- Konarai, or naraigoto, is a learning course of tea ceremony, which putting together the procedure of the use of each utensil and the procedures appropriate for the situations.
- 慶応2年(1866年)老中に任ぜられ、第二次長州征伐の大将を命ぜられるが、準備のため帰国した沼津で急死する。
- He was assigned the post of roju in 1866 and was assigned the position of captain of the Second conquest of Choshu; however, he suddenly died in Numazu when he was preparing for the war.
- 大内氏とは対立関係にあり、応仁の乱でも東軍方について参戦、以降戦国時代まで尼子氏らと組んで大内氏に対抗した。
- As the clan was in rivalry with the Ouchi clan, it sided with the eastern forces in the Onin War and continued to confront the Ouchi clan, until the Sengoku period, in alliance with the Amako clan.
- 明応9年(1500年)近江国に滞在した近衛政家(公家)が、近江に因んでの和歌八首を詠んだ、とする史料もある。
- Some historical materials describe that Masaie KONOE (a court noble) who stayed in Omi Province in 1500 made waka (a genre of classical Japanese verse) relating to Omi.
- 慶応4年1月10日 (旧暦) 新選組、軍艦富士山 (軍艦)と順動丸で江戸に向かう 途中山崎烝死亡(異説あり)
- January 10 1868, when Shinsen-gumi was on their way to Edo on war ships Fujiyama and Jundo-maru, Susumu YAMAZAKI died (this is disputed).
- これに対応して行政機構も太政官と大弁官が並立し上層官僚貴族には実質的な権力を伴わない納言の官職が与えられた。
- For this reason, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Daibenkan (Major Controller) conducted the affairs of state and the position of Nagon without any practical power was given to the bureaucrats of high rank.
- また、事績の一部が父の応神天皇と重複・類似することから、元来は1人の天皇の事績を2人に分けたという説がある。
- In addition, a part of his achievements overlap with and resemble those of Emperor Ojin and, thus, there is a theory that achievements of one Emperor were divided among the two.
- 慶応3年12月13日 (旧暦)(1868年1月7日)に、明治政府の命令によって京都所司代とともに廃止された。
- On January 7, 1868, it was abolished along with Kyoto Shoshidai by order of the Meiji Government.
- しかし、応仁の乱によって大きく動揺すると明応の政変を契機としてついに崩壊し、戦国時代 (日本)へと移行した。
- However, the system became shaky due to the Onin War and collapsed with Coup of Meio as the turning point, moving history into the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (in Japan).
- 諸藩の中にもこれを推奨するところが多く、早くも承応3年(1654年)に保科正之の会津藩がこれを導入している。
- This idea was supported by many domains, and as early as 1654, Masayuki HOSHINA of the Aizu domain introduced this practice.
- 応永11年(1404)明(永楽帝)使、足利義満に冠服・金印とともに「日本国王之印」のある永楽の勘合符を送る。
- In 1404, the Ming envoy sent by Emperor Yongle brought the Yongle Kangofu, on which the 'Seal of the King of Japan' was printed, to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA together with traditional Han Chinese clothing and a gold seal.
- 開戦時での兵力や兵站は旧幕府軍が圧倒的に優勢であったが、小銃での戦闘に習熟した新政府軍に対応できず大敗した。
- At the beginning of the war, the former Shogunate forces were far superior in military strength and logistics, but later were severely defeated by the new government's forces accustomed to battle with rifles.
- 南朝は後醍醐の死後に衰微するが、足利家内部の対立が全国規模に広がる観応の擾乱が起こると南朝は息を吹き返した。
- After Godaigo's death (in 1339) the Southern Court's power and influence waned, but internecine strife within the Ashikaga family led to the Kanno Disturbance, which eventually widened in scope to engulf the entire country, and this brought the Southern Court a reprieve, revitalizing it.
- また、室町時代には伊勢詣や西国33ヵ所など寺社参りが流行し、応仁の乱の戦火などは各種都市の発達をもたらした。
- Moreover, during the Muromachi period the pilgrimage to the Grand Shrine at Ise, as well as the pilgrimage to the Thirty-Three Temples in Kinki with a statue of Avalokitesvara, were very much in vogue, and combined with the construction opportunities afforded by the fighting and conflagrations of the Onin War, this contributed to the growth and development of a wide variety of urban areas.
- 明応の政変(めいおうのせいへん)は、室町時代の1493年(明応2年)に起こった足利征夷大将軍廃立事件である。
- The Meio Incident involved the enthronement and dethronement of the Ashikaga seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and occurred in the Muromachi period in 1493.
- 1493年(明応2年)、畠山政長は敵対する畠山義豊(畠山義就の子)の討伐のため、義材に河内国親征を要請する。
- In 1493, Masanaga HATAKEYAMA requested that Yoshiki subjugate Kawachi Province to defeat his opponent, Yoshitoyo HATAKEYAMA (the son of Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA).
- 大韓民国には日本統治時代に伝わったが、朝鮮語には「ツ」に対応する音がないため「トンカス」()と呼ばれている。
- The dish spread to South Korea when the country was under Japan's rule, and as the Korean language does not have a similar sound to 'tsu,' it is called 'Tonkasu' there.
- 1859(安政6)年、備前国上道郡高島村雄町の岸本甚造が発見、1866(慶応2)年に「二本草」と命名された。
- It was found in 1859 by Jinzo KISHIMOTO, who lived in Omachi, Takashima-mura, Joto-gun in Bizen Province, who called it 'Nihongusa.'
- 出世魚(しゅっせうお)とは、日本において、稚魚から成魚までの魚類の成長に応じて異なる名前で呼ばれる魚のこと。
- 'Shusseuo' is a term used in Japan to refer to fishes that are called by different names depending on their growth stage, from an alevin to an adult fish.
- まず構えずに(新陰流ではこれを「無形の位」と呼ぶ)相手に仕掛けさせ、それに応じて「後の先」を取るわけである。
- It means waiting for the opponent's move while not holding sword in position (it is called 'Mukei no kurai' (neutral position) and taking 'go no sen' (responsive initiative)).
- 赤味噌・白味噌の違いは、大豆や麹のたんぱく質と糖分によるメイラード反応により生まれ、主に熟成期間に由来する。
- The difference between red miso and white miso is created by Maillard reaction caused by protein and sugar in soybean and koji, and mainly arises from a period of maturing.
- 応用パターンとして亀甲を三つ組み合わせた毘沙門天の甲冑に見られる毘沙門亀甲、入れ子状にした子持亀甲などがある
- The modifications include the Bishamon Kikko pattern based on the pattern combining three hexagons which is found on the Katchu (armors and helmets) of Bishamonten (Vaisravana), and the komochi kikko (literally, child-bearing kikko) pattern in which a hexagonal pattern includes another small hexagonal pattern inside).
- 応永25年(1418年)、世保系3代当主の土岐持頼は足利義嗣の謀反に加担したとして所領の一部を没収されている。
- In 1418, Mochiyori TOKI, the 3rd head of the Seho family, had part of his territory confiscated for allegedly participating in a rebellion against Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- ※はスルッとKANSAI対応カード(乗り放題カード類含む)が利用可能な会社(*は今後利用可能になる予定の会社)
- 1. KANSAI THRU PASS compatible cards including free passes can be used for payment.
- 1339年(延元4年 / 暦応2年)皇太子になり、同年の8月15日に後醍醐天皇から死の直前に譲位され即位する。
- He became the Crown Prince in 1339 and on September 26 of the same year, he became emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Godaigo just before his death.
- 国民のこの反応を見て政府は、紀元節は神武天皇即位日を祝う祝日であるという理解が広まらないのではないかと考えた。
- The government saw the reaction of the people and thought that it would be difficult to have people understand that Kigensetsu was a day to celebrate the accession of Emperor Jinmu.
- 応仁の乱後、収入は低迷したものの室町幕府末期まで継続され、変遷を経つつも同様の税制が織田政権以後も継続された。
- Although the tax revenue decreased after Onin war, this tax system was continued until the end of the Muromachi bakufu, and it went through changes but was not abolished even after Nobunaga Oda's administration.
- この交流は朝貢貿易の形態を取ったため、渤海からの貢物に対して、日本側では数倍の回賜でもって応える義務が生じた。
- Due to the exchanges being in the form of a tribute trade, Japan was obligated to send return gifts of several times more value after receiving tributes from Bokkai.
- 本文は「日本国紀」、「琉球国紀」、「朝聘応接紀」に分かれ、それぞれの歴史、地理、支配者、言語などを詳細に記す。
- The main body of the book consists of 'Nihonkoku-ki' (chronicle of Japan), 'Ryukyukoku-ki' (chronicle of the Ryukyu Kingdom) and 'Chohei Osetsu-ki' (chronicle of the Joseon envoy's reception), each of which records details of history, geography, rulers and language.
- 承平 (日本)年間 (931年 - 938年)、勤子内親王の求めに応じて源順(みなもとのしたごう)が編纂した。
- In the Johei era (in Japan) (931 - 938), MINAMOTO no Shitago compiled it at a request of Imperial Princess Isoko.
- 移動中の中川隊に斎藤利三隊の右側に陣取っていた伊勢貞興隊が襲い掛かり、それに呼応して斎藤隊も高山隊を猛襲した。
- Sadaoki ISE's corps, positioned to the right of Toshimitsu SAITO's, attacked Nakagawa's in transit, and in return Saito's staged a fierce raid on Takayama's.
- 一方、大阪・名古屋・福岡の各会場でも観客の要望に応えるかたちで「二人枡」や「三人枡」を新たに導入し初めている。
- On the other hand, following requests from customers, each facility in Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka have begun to introduce 'masuseki for two' and 'masuseki for three.'
- これらの知識が新しく登場した特長と弱点を併せ持つ鉄砲の運用に応用された成功したのは、まず間違いはないであろう。
- It is safe to say that this knowledge was applied to the operation using guns which had both newly emerging characteristics and weak points and it succeeded.
- 調弦法が多種あるのは、異なる調に対応するためと、響きによる雰囲気の違いのためである(詳しくは「地歌」を参照)。
- There are various kinds of tuning to cover every different key, and also to create a different atmosphere depending upon the tuning (See also 'Jiuta' for details).
- 慶応4年(1868年)8月4日、従三位及び食禄五百石と屋敷地を賜わり、翌々年9月7日、さらに従二位に叙せられた。
- On September 19, 1868, she was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and five hundreds stipends of shokuroku (a salary for samurais who worked at Japanese feudal governments) and residential area, then on October 11, 1869, she was raised to Junii (Junior Second Rank).
- この反乱は、後の草壁皇子・大津皇子の対立をベースとして応神天皇即位の正当性を示すために創作されたとする説もある。
- There is a view that this rebellion was created in order to legitimize the enthronement of the Emperor Ojin based upon the dispute between Prince Kusakabe and Prince Otsu.
- 兵力は、『応仁記』によれば東軍が16万、西軍が11万以上であったと記されているが、誇張があるとも指摘されている。
- The Eastern camp had 160,000 samurai and the Western, 110,000 or more, according to 'Oninki' (The Record of the Onin War), but some suspect these figures may be exaggerated.
- 足利政権内部の紛争から観応の擾乱が起こると、正平6年(1351)に北朝は南朝との和睦を行い、正平一統が成立した。
- The Kanno Disturbance occurred due to an internal conflict within the Ashikaga government, and in 1351, the Northern and Southern Courts made peace and the Shohei itto (Unification) was established.
- しかし、後述する『日本書紀』応神天皇21年の記録等を勘案するに、この当時一般的であったのは後者の方であったろう。
- However, judging from other records such as the record of the year 290 in 'Nihonshoki' which is mentioned later, it seems to be the latter which was common in those days.
- 「概要」にある程度書いたように、四条派は円山派の流れをくんではいるが、松村呉春は円山応挙と対立したわけではない。
- As already written in the summary above, the Shijo school is derived from the Maruyama school, but it doesn't mean that Goshun MATSUMURA conflicted with Okyo MARUYAMA.
- 『鈴鹿家記』応永6年(1399年)6月10日の記事に「指身 鯉イリ酒ワサビ」とあるのが刺身の文献上の初出である。
- An entry in 'Suzukake-ki' (Journal of the Suzuka family) for the article of July 21, 1399, 'sashimi, carp, irizake (a mixture of sake and pickled plum used as a sauce), wasabi horse radish' is the first written reference to sashimi.
- その他メイラード反応を抑えるために、大豆を蒸すのではなく茹でたり、麹の種類や、量を調節するなどの方法がとられる。
- Other measures are also taken to suppress the Maillard reaction: boiling soybeans instead of steaming, or regulating the kind or amount of koji.
- 17世紀頃から、時計などに使われていた歯車などの技術を、人形の動作装置として応用し、からくり人形が作られ始めた。
- From around the 17th century, craftsmen began to produce karakuri ningyo by applying some techniques, including gears used in a watch and other things, to the devices for the movements of the doll.
- 清酒と合成清酒を混ぜた混和酒が考案されたが、政府が採用したのが戦前の第2次増産酒を応用した三倍増醸清酒であった。
- A blended sake with seishu and synthetic seishu was devised, but the government adopted the sanbaizojo-seishu (literally, 'threefold swelled seishu') which was an application of the second zosanshu before the war.
- 一応、『続群書類従』には簡易な系図が挙げられているものの裏付となる資料も乏しく、系図は必ずしもはっきりしていない。
- Although a simple family tree was more or less taken up in the 'Zoku Gunshoruiju' (Second series Collection of the Japanese historical materials compiled in the Edo period), it is not necessarily certain without enough supporting documents.
- 応仁の乱で細川勝元は東軍の総帥となり、その子細川政元は明応の政変で10代将軍足利義稙を退けて幕府の実権を掌握した。
- Katsumoto HOSOKAWA became the commander-in-chief for the eastern army in the Onin War, and his son Masamoto HOSOKAWA took over the real power of the bakufu, ousting the 10th Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the Meio Coup.
- 義貞の戦死後、三男新田義宗が家督を継ぎ、異母兄の新田義興と共に足利家の内乱である観応の擾乱に乗じて各地を転戦する。
- After the death of Yoshisada in the battle, his third son, Yoshimune NITTA succeeded to the family estate, and fought battles in various places jointly with his older paternal half-brother, Yoshioki NITTA under cover of the Kanno Disturbance, a domestic conflict of the Ashikaga clan.
- 嘉応元年(1169年)10月20日高倉天皇の賀茂斎院に卜定されるが、嘉応3年(1171年)2月22日病のため退下。
- On November 17, 1169, she was selected by divination to be a Kamo Saiin of Emperor Takakura, but on April 6, 1171, she resigned because of illness.
- そして、康応元年(1389年)義満は康行討伐の命を下して、翌明徳元年(1390年)にこれを下した(土岐康行の乱)。
- Yoshimitsu gave an order to subjugate Yasuyuki in 1389, and in the following year, 1390, his order was executed (Yasuyuki TOKI's Rebellion).
- 応仁の乱以降の乱れた世相を、当時の公家が古代中国の「春秋戦国時代」の乱世になぞらえ「戦国の世」と表現したのが語源。
- The word origin was the expression 'sengoku no yo (period of warring states)' by the court nobles at that time comparing the troubled social conditions since the Onin Disturbance to the troubled times in the 'Chunqiu and Zhanguo periods (Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period)' in ancient China.
- もとは本文200巻目録2巻系図3巻の計205巻であったが、応仁の乱で散逸したとされ、現存するのは62巻のみである。
- It originally came in 205 volumes consisting of 200 text books, two catalogs and three genealogical charts, but they were scattered and lost in the Onin War, and only 62 of them are now in existence.
- 伴大納言絵詞(ばんだいなごんえことば、とものだいなごんえことば)とは、応天門の変を題材にした平安時代末期の絵巻物。
- Ban Dainagon Ekotoba or Tomo no Dainagon Ekotoba is a narrative picture scroll depicting the Otenmon Incident at the end of the Heian period.
- 近江へ逃れた義詮は正平一統を破棄、正平7年の年号を観応3年に戻し、協議された統一案も破棄されるが、一部は影響した。
- Yoshiakira, who had escaped to Omi, rescinded on the Shohei Itto and returned to the way it was in the era from Shohei 7 to Kanno 3, and ignored the unification plan that was discussed, but part of it affected him.
- だが、この乱をきっかけにした戦闘は応仁の乱終結後も地方へと拡大し、関東の享徳の乱も更に10年近く戦いが継続された。
- However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended.
- また、承久の乱以後の朝廷の衰退は皇位継承を巡る自己解決能力をも失わせ、結果的に幕府を否応無しに巻き込む事になった。
- Also fall of the Imperial Court after the Jokyu Rebellion resulted in losing its ability to solve the imperial succession crisis and consequently it entangled the bakufu without any choice.
- 清盛は武力を背景に国検を断行する一方、寺院勢力の特権もある程度は認めるなど柔軟な対応で、大和の知行国支配を行った。
- While Kiyomori, backed by his military might, did conduct a decisive inspection, he also engaged in softer diplomatic measures, as when he acknowledged that temples did have a certain degree of influence and therefore special privileges, and in this way managed to carry out a survey of the chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) in Yamato that were under state control.
- 武田観柳斎率いる新選組隊士15名と、前日より応援として派遣されていた会津藩士20名のうち5名が共に捕縛に向かった。
- Fifteen members of Shinsengumi led by Kanryusai TAKEDA and five out of twenty retainers of Aizu clan who had been dispatched the day before for supporting Shinsengumi went to arrest the masterless samurai.
- 日本書紀によると、仲哀天皇の崩御後、世継ぎの応神天皇が生まれたばかりであり、その母の神功皇后が摂政となったという。
- According to the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), after Emperor Chuai died, the successor to the Imperial throne, Emperor Ojin was just born, thus his mother, Empress Jungu became the regent.
- 元々は傘和傘などで「コンニャク糊」として利用されていたものの応用だが、果ては風船爆弾のような兵器にまで利用された。
- Konnyaku, which was originally used for making Japanese umbrellas as 'konnyaku adhesive,' found an application in producing weapons such as balloon bombs at the end of the war.
- たとえば、『日本書紀』によれば、応神天皇19年に吉野の国樔(くず)が醴酒(こざけ)を献上したという記述が見られる。
- For example, according to 'Nihonshoki,' there is a description that kuzu (the indigenous people said to live in the Yoshino woods) in Yoshino presented kozake in 288.
- その結晶として、応永6年(1399年)には足利義満の後援で三日間の勧進猿楽を演じ、名実ともに芸能界の頂点に立った。
- As a result, in 1399 he had the honor of performing kanjin sarugaku for three days under the auspices of Shogun Yoshimistu ASHIKAGA, at which point he reached the pinnacle of the performing arts world.
- 為光に追われた22代菊池能運は有馬氏頼って玉名を経由して島原に逃れ、翌城重岑・隈部運治等と呼応して為光を自刃させた。
- The 22nd head, Yoshiyuki KIKUCHI, who fled from Tamemitsu, escaped to Shimabara via Tamana, seeking refuge with the Arima clan, and in cooperation with Shigemine JO (城重岑) and Yukiharu KUMABE and others, he made Tanemitsu to kill himself.
- 1572年、15代将軍足利義昭の要請に応じて上洛を開始したが、その途上、信玄が病死したため武田軍は甲斐国に撤退した。
- Although Shingen started going up to Kyoto in 1572 in accordance with the request by the fifteenth shogun Yoshiaki ASIKAGA, the Takeda army withdrew to Kai Province because Shingen died on the way to Kyoto.
- 1352年(正平7年、北朝の観応3年)に後村上天皇は北征軍を興し、一度は住吉から山城の男山(京都府八幡市)に移った。
- In 1352, the Emperor Gomurakami established Hokusei-gun (an army heading north), and once moved from Sumiyoshi to Otoko-yama Mountain in Yamashiro Province (Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture).
- 甲斐荘敬司 株式会社ジャパンエナジー精製技術センター主任研究員、共著「白色LED照明システム技術の応用と将来展望」。
- Keiji KAINOSHO, a senior researcher of Japan Energy Co. and a co-author of the book 'Hakushoku LED Shome system Gijutsu no Oyo to Shorai Tenbo (The Application of the White LED Lighting System Technology and its Future Prospects).'
- 古事記の干支崩年に従えば、応神天皇の崩御が西暦393年、仁徳天皇の崩御が西暦427年となり、その間が在位期間となる。
- According to the Oriental zodiac of the year of the demise described in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), the demise of Emperor Ojin was in 393 and the demise of Emperor Nintoku was in 427, the difference corresponding to the period of the reign.
- このとき地位は皇太子であったが、昭和天皇の名代の格式が加わっていたため、応接する諸国では天皇としての応対を行なった。
- Despite his status of the Crown Prince, he was treated as the Emperor by various countries, because he attended the ceremony as the proxy of the Emperor Showa.
- 平安貴族たちの主な収入源は必ずしも荘園ではなく、むしろ官職に応じて国家から給与される田地や禄などが主要収入であった。
- The income source of the Heian nobles was not necessarily their shoen (manor in medieval Japan), but rather mainly in farmland and stipend given by the government depending on government post.
- しかし、応仁の乱により将軍の権力が失墜すると、細川氏は三管領筆頭の斯波氏、畠山氏を圧倒し、幕政を牛耳るようになった。
- However, when the shogun's power was lost in the Onin War, the Hosokawa clan overwhelmed the Shiba clan and the Hatakeyama clan, that were the heads of the three kanrei, and started to control the politics of the bakufu.
- 後白河も清盛の姿勢に理解を示し、嘉応元年(1169年)から安元3年(1177年)まで毎年のように福原の山荘へ赴いた。
- Goshirakawa showed understanding towards Kiyomori's stance and visited the mountain retreat in Fukuhara every year from 1169 to 1177.
- 義満は青蓮院門跡尊道法親王に仕える伊予法眼を堺へ送り上洛を促すが、義弘は「意に添わないことがある」と参洛に応じない。
- Yoshimitsu sent the monk Hogen IYO, who worked for the Cloistered Imperial Prince Sondo of Shoren-in Monzeki (head priest of Shoren-in temple), to Sakai to insist that Yoshihiro travel to the capital, but Yoshihiro refused to comply, saying 'There are some things that will not go according to your will.'
- 特に質疑応答もなく短時間で終了する株主総会は、参加者は手締めしかしないということで「シャンシャン総会」と揶揄される。
- A general meeting of stockholders ending in a short time without any particular questions and answers is ridiculed as a 'shan shan sokai' (shan shan meeting), since the participants have done nothing but performed tejime.
- しかし氏信は1368年(応安元年)に幕府によって守護職を解任され、以降安芸守護職は今川氏や細川氏等の足利一門が担った。
- Ujinobu was removed by the bakufu from the position of shugo in 1368 and the clans of Ashikaga side, such as the Imagawa clan and the Hosokawa clan, served as shugo.
- 応永年間には政所執事代として史上に現れる者もおり、松田満秀・松田秀興・松田数秀らは奉行人の筆頭の公人奉行に任じられる。
- In the Oei era (1394-1427), there appeared a person in history as Mandokoro shitsujidai (deputy steward of the administration office), and Mitsuhide MATSUDA, Hideoki MATSUDA and Kazuhide MATSUDA were appointed as Kunin bugyo, the head of bugyonin (magistrates).
- JR西日本各線および近鉄線ではJスルーカード、嵯峨野観光鉄道を除く私鉄・地下鉄各線ではスルッとKANSAIカード対応。
- The J-Thru Cards can be used on the JR West lines and the Kintetsu lines, and the KANSAI THRU PASS can be used for all private railroads and subways except for the Sagano Scenic Railway.
- 公園内は京都府警や皇宮警察が常に見回りをしていて、京都御所や仙洞御所の塀に近づくとセンサーが反応し、すぐに注意される。
- The Kyoto Prefectural Police and Imperial Guard always patrol the park; anyone who comes close to the wall of the Kyoto Imperial Palace or the Sento Imperial Palace is detected by a sensor, and receives a warning.
- 武芝は山野に逃走、幾度となく文書で私財の返還を求めたが、興世王らは応じないどころか合戦の準備をして威嚇までしてみせた。
- Takeshiba ran away to the fields and mountains, requesting the restoration of his property in writing; however, Prince Okiyo not only refused his request but also threatened Takeshiba by showing him the battle preparations that had been made.
- 承応3年(1654年)八条宮智忠親王には継嗣となる王子がいなかったため、親王の養子縁組となり若宮、又は阿古麿と称する。
- Because Imperial Prince Hachijonomiya Toshitada didn't have an heir son, in 1654, Yasuhito was adopted by Toshitada and called Wakamiya or Akomaro.
- とくに応神天皇から継体天皇にかけての名は概して素朴であり、ワカタケルのように明らかに生前の実名と証明されたものもある。
- Especially, the posthumous names from Emperor Ojin through Emperor Keitai are generally simple and there are ones such as Wakatakeru, which were clearly proven to be the real names when alive.
- 華頂宮(かちょうのみや)は、慶応4年(1868年)に伏見宮邦家親王の第12王子、華頂宮博経親王によって創設された宮家。
- Kachonomiya is a Miyake (family allowed to have the status of Imperial family) which was established in 1868 by Imperial Prince Kachonomiya Hirotsune, who was the twelfth prince of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie.
- 9世紀中葉における朝廷・国司は、群盗海賊の制圧のために養老律令の捕亡令追捕罪人条にある臨時発兵規定により対応し始めた。
- In the middle of the ninth century, the Imperial Court and kokushi started taking measures based on specifications of rinji-hatsuhei (the special dispatch of troops) in Tsuibu-zainin no Jo (the article related to catching criminals who had fled) in bumo-ryo code (Penalties on escaping soldiers, Sakimori [soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times], slave, and so on) in the Yoro ritsuryo code, to combat these robberies and acts of piracy.
- 荘園においても、荘園領主らは必要物資を得るために荘園内に手工業者・職人を確保し、職能に応じて彼らへ給田を与えていった。
- As for Shoen, shoen landholders kept handicraftsmen within their shoen to obtain necessary supplies and gave Kyuden according to their ability.
- 二十五三昧会の成立には、964年(応和4年)に大学寮の学生らが比叡山の僧らと結集した結社である勧学会の影響が見られる。
- The influence of 'Kangaku-e' (assembly to encourage learning), an association established by Daigakuryo students and monks from Mt. Hie in 964, are seen in the establishment of Nijugozanmaie.
- そのため、使節供応と回賜のための経費が無視できない規模になった後は、使節来朝に制限を加え、日本側からの遣使は中断した。
- This led to the Japanese government adding a limit to envoy visits to Japan and discontinuing the dispatch of envoys when the expenses for treating them and preparing return gifts could no longer be ignored.
- これらは本来御蔵奉行などの役目であったが、臨機応変に対応するために兵糧を扱う実務者がこれを行うようになったものである。
- Although these duties were originally given to the Okura Bugyo (the magistrate of a storehouse), the person who actually handled the provisions began to perform the work in order to adapt to circumstances.
- 1493年(明応2年)には自ら自治を放棄する集会を開き惣国は解体され、新しい守護の伊勢貞陸の支配下に入ることになった。
- In 1493, the sokoku held a meeting to abandon its autonomy and the organization was dismantled; the community was then put under the rule of Sadamichi ISE, a newly appointed shugo.
- 応仁の乱以降には堺を本拠とする管領家の細川氏や、乱で兵庫を得た大内氏、博多や堺市などの有力商人が経営するようになった。
- After the Onin War, the trade was managed by the Hosokawa clan; a Kanryo Family (families in the position of the shogunal deputy) putting headquarters in Sakai, the Ouchi clan that had won Hyogo as a reward after the war, as well as influential merchants in Hakata and Sakai City.
- 中国が唐の時代、「策問」と称して天子が時事または経義をもって出題し、士がこれに応じて奉る文章を「対策文」と称していた。
- In Tang Dynasty China, the Emperor gave current affairs or creed related tests called 'sakumon,' and warriors wrote answers to the Emperor's questions, which was called 'taisakumon.'
- これに応えた足利高氏(当時)や新田義貞らの働きで鎌倉幕府は滅び、建武の新政と呼ばれる後醍醐天皇による親政がはじまった。
- Thanks to the efforts of Takauji ASHIKAGA (at this point his name was still written with the character for 'taka' meaning 'high') and Yoshisada NITTA, who responded to Godaigo's order, the Kamakura bakufu was destroyed, and the Kenmu Restoration, an era of direct Imperial rule by Emperor Godaigo began.
- 南朝方が東西で呼応して京と鎌倉を同時占拠すると、後村上天皇は賀名生から山城国男山(京都府八幡市の石清水八幡宮)へ至る。
- The Southern Court regained both Kyoto and Kamakura as a result of coordination between eastern and western Japan, and Emperor Gomurakami arrived in Otokoyama, Yamashiro Province (Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine in Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture) from Ano.
- 1867年(慶応3年)3月10日に伊東甲子太郎が思想の違いから新選組を離脱、志し同じ者を新選組から引き抜いて結成した。
- On March 10, 1867, Kashitaro ITO seceded from Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) because of differences in ideology, and formed Goryo-eji by attracting members from Shinsengumi who shared the same aims as his own.
- 応安の半済令により、守護は実質的に荘園・公領の半分を簒奪することとなり、荘園の解体が緩やかに進行していくこととなった。
- Based on the practice of the hanzei law of Oan, provincial constables disfranchised half of the manors and lands under the control of the feudal government virtually, thereby resulting in the gradual demise of manors.
- そして、大和魂が元々持っていた「外来の知識を摂取して、柔軟に応用する」という意味と正反対の受け止められ方をされていた。
- As such, it took on a meaning that was the complete opposite of the original 'adopting foreign knowledge and applying it flexibly'.
- 続く慶応3年(1867年)の大政奉還により伝統的な弓術文化は幕藩体制・武士社会の崩壊と共に大きく衰退を余儀なくされた。
- Then, with the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867, traditional Kyujutsu culture was forced into a decline when the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate and samurai society collapsed.
- これらの現象と呼応するように、どかべんに象徴される金属製の弁当箱は、耐熱性プラスティックなどの弁当箱に変わっていった。
- In response to such a move, heat-resistant plastic lunchbox gradually replaced metal lunchbox typified by a packed meal in an oversized lunch-box.
- 建武_(日本)・暦応年間頃に備前において布教活動をしていた大覚(日像門人)に宗論を挑んで敗れた松田元喬がこれを保護した。
- After Mototaka MATSUDA challenged Daikaku (a disciple of Nichizo), who was doing missionary work in Bizen during Kenmu and Rekio era (1334-1341), on a religious debate and lost, and he protected this.
- その後、時行は南朝 (日本)から朝敵免除を受け、観応の擾乱の際に武蔵国で再度挙兵するが、尊氏に敗れて捕らえられ斬られた。
- Thereafter, Tokiyuki was pardoned by the Southern Court and raised an army again in Musashi Province in the Kanno Disturbance, but he was defeated, captured and killed by Takauji.
- 慶応3年3月、伊東らの一派は思想の違いなどから御陵衛士を拝命して隊から分派するが、同年11月、新選組によって粛清される。
- In March 1867, ITO and his group, due to differences in ideology, were assigned the post of Goryo Eji and separated from Shinsen-gumi, but were purged by Shinsen-gumi in November of the same year.
- 室町時代には山名氏のもとで伯耆衆の一員になり応仁の乱に参加、その功によって進美濃守は南条氏と共に伯耆守護代に任じられた。
- In the Muromachi period, the Shin clan supported the Yamana clan and became a member of Hokishu (the local clans of Hoki Province); at the Onin War, they fought as Hokishu and made achievements, and as a result, they were appointed as Shugodai (deputy of Military Governor) of Hoki Province as well as the Nanjo clan.
- 父は稚渟毛二派皇子(応神天皇の皇子)、母は河派仲彦王の女・弟日売真若比売(おとひめまわかひめ、百師木伊呂弁とも)である。
- The father of Prince Ohodo was Wakanuke no Futamata no Miko (a prince of the Emperor Ojin); and the mother of Prince Ohodo was Otohime Mawakahime (also known as Momoshiki no Irobe who was a daughter of Kawamata Nakatsuhiko).
- これはすなわち「宗室の長老」としての統括能力と実績が期待された場合にそれに相応しい親王のみが叙されるということであった。
- This means that the conferring was made only for the imperial princes who were appropriate, when the capability and achievement as a 'patriarch of a head family' were expected.
- 他の有力な説として、「讃」が仁徳天皇で「珍」を反正天皇とする説や、「讃」は応神天皇で「珍」を仁徳天皇とする説などがある。
- Other prevailing theories include the one which says 'San' is Emperor Nintoku and 'Chin' is Emperor Hanzei and another one which says 'San' is Emperor Ojin and 'Chin' is Emperor Nintoku.
- 現在の歴史学界では、継体が応神の5世孫かどうかは不明とするが、中央豪族の支持を得て即位したのは事実とする説が有力である。
- Widely-accepted theory in the present Japanese historical community is that Keitai was enthroned with the approval of central ruling families, while the question of his origin as the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin remains unsolved.
- すなわち、政府の重要事項については院庁下文で対応し、より即効的または柔軟な対応が必要なときは院宣を発給していたのである。
- In other words, while an innocho kudashibumi was issued for important matters of the government, an inzen was used when immediate and flexible actions are required.
- 後醍醐の皇子・護良親王や、河内国の悪党・楠木正成もこれに呼応して、それぞれ大和国の吉野および河内国の下赤坂城で挙兵した。
- Following this, Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Morinaga raised an army in Yoshino, Yamato Province, while at the same time Masashige KUSUNOKI, a villain from Kawachi Province, raised an army at Shimo Akasaka-jo Castle in Kawachi Province.
- 村山1981では正応6年の誤記ではないかとの説を展開しながらも、尊経閣文庫蔵本が執筆された年は最終的には不明としている。
- Murakami 1981, which asserted on one hand that the author mistook 貞応6年 for 正応6年 (the sixth year of Shoo era (1293)), eventually concluded that the year in which the transcript possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko was written is unknown.
- 小人に罪無し、玉を抱いて罪有り…小人というだけで罪はないのだが、小人が身分不相応の財宝を持つと、とかく過ちを犯しやすい。
- A small person is innocent, but he becomes a sinner if he holds a treasure, which means being a small person in itself is not a sin, but if a small person comes into possession of an inappropriate amount of treasure he often tends to make mistakes.
- 他県で使用されることもあれば、他の品種と交配して、その地方内外に適応する新たな品種の開発のための交配親となることも多い。
- They are used in other prefectures and are often used as parents for cross-fertilization in order to develop new varieties that adapt within and outside the district.
- 切腹は、平安時代末期の武士である源為朝(1139年(保延5年) - 1177年(嘉応2年))が最初に行ったとされている。
- It believed that the late Heian period samurai MINAMOTO no Tametomo (1139 - 1177) was the first to commit seppuku.
- また、築城技術でも火縄銃の性能を活かした横矢掛かり(これ自体はすでに存在していた)などが発達し、赤穂城などに応用された。
- And as for technique of castle construction, battlement for a flank attack (it had already existed), exploiting the performance of hinawaju, developed and they were applied to Ako-jo Castle.
- 漢詩僧の万里集九は応仁の乱で美濃国に下向したのち、太田道灌の招きで江戸に向かい、関東一円、越後国、飛騨国などを遍歴した。
- Shukyu BANRI, a priest and a composer of Chinese-style poems, went down to Mino Province in the Onin War, and then left for Edo at Dokan OTA's invitation; he traveled all over the Kanto region, Echigo Province, and Hida Province.
- 観応の擾乱期には畠山国氏 (奥州管領)、吉良貞家らが任ぜられたが、斯波家兼の子孫である斯波奥州家がやがて就任し、世襲する。
- During the period of the Kanno Disturbance, Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA (Oshu Kanrei [governor of Oshu]), Sadaie KIRA, and others were appointed as the Supreme Commander of Oshu, which was later taken up by the Shiba Oshu family, a descendant of Iekane SHIBA, and kept in the order of succession after that.
- 信保の死後、当主になった信隆ではあったが、程なく信応派が足利義明や里見義堯と同盟を結んで信隆を真里谷城から追放してしまう。
- Although Nobutaka became the head of the clan after the death of Nobuyasu, vassals supporting Nobumasa soon expelled him from Mariya-jo Castle in alliance with Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Yoshitaka SATOMI.
- その他にも野迫川村全体で1707年(宝永4年)から慶応3年(1867年)までの160年間の間に32回の氏子駈の記録がある。
- In addition, according to it, there were 32 times of ujikogari (the collection of the shares) made in only Nosegawa Village for 160 years from 1707 to 1867.
- 大掾満幹はその後も馬場城を保持し続けたが、応永33年(1426年)に馬場城を留守にした隙に、通房に馬場城を攻め落とされた。
- Mitsutomo DAIJO continued to occupy Baba-jo Castle even after the incident, but in 1426, Michifusa attacked and captured the castle when he was away.
- そのため、府や国土交通省などが、船舶の大型化や荷役のコンテナ化に対応する港湾にするべく「和田埠頭」(仮称)を整備中である。
- Thus the Prefecture and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is prepared to maintain the port as a critical point and has widened the function of the new port Wada Warf (tentative name) to harbor larger vessels and handle containers.
- 鎌倉時代末期の朝廷や室町幕府が酒屋役を「洛中辺土」に課しており、応仁の乱の頃から辺土に替わって洛外という語が一般的になる。
- The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu imposed Sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake brewing) on 'Rakuchu Hendo' at the end of the Kamakura period, and it became general practice to use the name Rakugai instead of Hendo since around the time of the Onin War.
- 皇族相互間の民事訴訟については、特別裁判所として皇室裁判所が臨時に必要に応じて置かれ、これが裁判管轄することになっていた。
- For civil suits arising between Imperial family members, an Imperial courthouse was established as required as a special tribunal with jurisdiction over the proceedings.
- が、先祖伝来の館・常盤井殿が応仁元年(1467年)6月に兵火にあい全焼するなど、政治の混乱に翻弄され、不遇な生涯であった。
- His life was tossed about by political confusion, and was an unhappy one; for example, Tokiwai dono (mansion), his ancestral home, was burned down in war during July 1467.
- この河内攻め最中の1493年4月に管領・細川政元が将軍廃立を行うクーデターである明応の政変に成功し、実権は細川氏に移った。
- During such an attack on Kawachi, in April 1493, kanrei (shogunal deputy), Masamoto HOSOKAWA succeeded in the Coup of Meio, which was a coup d'etat to abolish and elect the shogun, and real power was shifted to the Hosokawa clan.
- そのために朝廷の所領についてはともかく、寺社・公家の所領に関しては武家は軍事的実力を背景に下地中分・返還には応じなかった。
- In response, samurai families, supported by their military power, did not accept Shitaji chubun (a physical division of the land) and refused to return territory that had originally belonged to temples, shrines and Kuge, setting aside the Imperial Court's territories.
- 内部には宴享庁(使者の応接所)を中心に館主家、客館、東向寺、日本側の番所、酒屋、その他日本家屋が対馬藩によって建築された。
- Inside it, with the reception office for envoys at the center, the house of the manager, a building for visitors, Toko-ji Temple, the Japanese guard house, liquor stores, and some other Japanese-style houses were constructed by the Tsushima clan.
- 慶応4年5月24日、新政府は徳川慶喜の死一等を減じ、徳川家達に徳川将軍家を相続させ、駿府70万石を下賜することを発表した。
- On July 13, 1968, the new government reduced the sentence of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA by one level from the death penalty, allowed Iesato TOKUGAWA to inherit the Tokugawa Shogunate family, and granted Sumpu with seventy million goku.
- この頃までは義満と義弘の関係は良好だったが、応永4年(1397年)、義満は金閣寺の造営を始め、諸大名に人数の供出を求めた。
- Up until this point, the relationship between Yoshimitsu and Yoshihiro had been very cordial, but in 1397, Yoshimitsu began construction of Kinkaku-ji Temple, and consequently wanted the various daimyo to contribute people towards this project.
- 新田義貞、北畠顕家らはそれぞれ撃破されて戦死し、1339年(延元4年/暦応2年)には後醍醐が死去して後村上天皇が即位する。
- Yoshisada NITTA and Akiie KITABATAKE were both killed in battle, and in 1339, Godaigo died and Emperor Gomurakami ascended the throne.
- 『古事記』の品陀和氣命(応神天皇)の別名は、大鞆和気命とありその由来は誕生時に腕の肉が鞆のようになっていたことよるという。
- In the 'Kojiki' the other name of Homudawake no mikoto (Emperor Ojin) is described as Otomowake no mikoto originating from the fact that the muscle of his arm had been like tomo (a tool for Yumiya).
- 青森県の弘前市ではリンゴの剪定技術をサクラに応用することで同地に生えていたソメイヨシノの樹勢を回復することに成功している。
- In Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Someiyoshino was successfully recovered by applying the pruning technique for apple trees.
- 武田信賢は若狭国内の一色氏残党や一揆を次々に鎮圧して国内を固める一方、応仁の乱では東軍に属して丹後国に侵攻するなど活躍した。
- Nobutaka TAKEDA suppressed the remnants of the Isshiki clan as well as uprisings in Wakasa Province, and when the Onin War occurred, he sided with the east forces and invaded Tango Province.
- 『記・紀』に記された系譜記事からすると、応神は当時の王統の有力者を合成して作られたものと考えるのが妥当であるとする説がある。
- From articles on genealogy written in 'the Kojiki and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan),' there is a theory which claims that it is reasonable to think that Ojin was made up by combining influential persons of the time in the royal line.
- 研究や大気環境の監視(大気汚染の観測など)を目的とする精密な観測においては、目的に応じてさまざまな計測機器が使用されている。
- For precise observations for the purpose of research or for monitoring atmospheric environments (for example, observations of air pollution), various instruments are used depending on the objective.
- 以前は1467年に始まった応仁の乱を戦国時代の始期とする見解が有力とされていたが、その後も幕府は中央政権として機能していた。
- In the past the view that the Sengoku Period started at the time of Onin War, which commenced in 1467, was prevailing, but the bakufu functioned as the central government even after that.
- 国際競技大会でスポーツ選手の応援として自発的に『君が代』が歌われる光景については、強制していない面で問題視しない意見がある。
- There is an opinion that scenes in which 'Kimigayo' is sung voluntarily as encouragement for sports persons in international competition is not problematic because it is not done unurged.
- 慶応4年2月13日、山国隊の1個小隊(隊士28人客士2人)が東山道軍の鳥取藩部隊に加わり、「十三番隊」として京都を出発した。
- On March 6, 1868, this small company of the Yamagunitai (comprised of 28 regulars and 2 auxiliaries) added their own force to the Tottori domain regiment of the Tosando (highway) army, becoming the 'Thirteenth Company,' and departed Kyoto.
- 応仁の乱後、堺商人が抽分銭の請負業務を行い、出航前に予め輸入品の利益額を想定して抽分銭を先に経営者側に納付する制度を取った。
- After the Onin War, Sakai merchants undertook the task of Chubunsen under a system in which they prepaid the Chubunsen to the management based on the amount of profit to be generated from imported goods that was preliminarily estimated by them in advance of departure.
- 1351年(正平6年/観応2年)、巻き返しを図る尊氏が南朝に講和条件を出して和睦し、正平一統が成立して年号の統一が行われる。
- In 1351, aiming to recover power, Takauji reached peace with the Southern Court they were reconciled, establishing the Shohei itto and unifying the era names.
- 開発のコンセプトとしては、次のような観点から気候や土壌などそれぞれの土地柄に合っていること、すなわち現地適応性が模索される。
- As the concept of development, from the following points of view, they seek local adaptability or, in other words, suitability for the local climate and soil.
- 応徳3年(1086年)、白河上皇は藤原季綱から献上された巨椋池の畔の別業に拡張・改造を加えて離宮・鳥羽殿(城南宮)を造営した。
- In 1086, the Retired Emperor Shirakawa built an Imperial villa, Toba-dono Palace (also known as Jonangu), by enlarging and remodeling the villa, which was presented to him by FUJIWARA no Suetsuna, by the Ogura-ike Pond.
- 上記のような地峡を扼する地であることから、南北朝時代 (日本)や応仁の乱でも戦略上の要地として争奪の舞台となり山城も築かれた。
- Because the area embraces the isthmus mentioned above, the scrambles occurred to get the strategically vital mountain in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts or in the Onin War, and yamajiro (a castle built on a mountain to take advantage of the mountain's topography) was built on it.
- 正平5年(1350年)、観応の擾乱と呼ばれる幕府の内紛で将軍足利尊氏とその弟足利直義が争うと、直義の養子足利直冬が九州へ入る。
- When the infighting of the bakufu called the Kanno Disturbance in which Shogun Takauji ASHIKAGA and Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA fought in 1350, the adopted child of Tadayoshi, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA entered Kyushu.
- 姉の章子内親王に続いての皇女であったため、馨子内親王の誕生に際して皇子を期待していた宮中の反応は冷ややかなものであったという。
- It is said that the birth of Imperial Princess Keishi received a frosty welcome by the members of the Imperial Court, who had eagerly expected the birth of a prince, because she was another princess following her elder sister, Princess Shoshi.
- しかしながら、石灰岩などの主成分である炭酸カルシウムが硫酸アンモニウムと反応して石膏となることが知られており(次の文で詳説)。
- However, it is known that, when Calcium carbonate, a major component of limestone, reacts with ammonium sulfate, gypsum is generated (to be described in details in the following sentence).
- 一方、日本では隋の制度を基にして大化の改新の際に導入され、大宝律令賦役令にて定められ親王を除く全人民がその貧富に応じて納めた。
- In Japan, this system was implemented in the Taika Reforms based on the system in the Sui Dynasty and set forth in Fuyaku ryo (tax structure) of Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), and all people excluding Imperial princes made contributions according to their levels of wealth.
- 席上、証文は問題なく返却されたが、宴もたけなわとなった席上で、酒がまわると酒乱となる芹沢が店の対応に腹を立て、遂に暴れ始めた。
- The deed was returned without incident at the party, but, at its height, SERIZAWA, a violent drunk, was angered at the service of the restaurant and went on a wild rampage.
- その後、義満の時代に国内は安定したものの、応仁の乱をへて全国動乱の時代(戦国時代)を迎え荘園公領制が崩壊して新秩序が成立した。
- Thereafter, while in Yoshimitsu's time the country was pacified, following the Onin War the entire country became engulfed in strife (the Sengoku period) and as the shoen-koryo system fell apart, a new system came into existence to replace it.
- のち、観応の擾乱で幕府に反抗した尊氏の庶子足利直冬が九州に来ると、九州は南朝・尊氏(幕府)・直冬の3勢力が鼎立することとなる。
- When Takauji's illegitimate child, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA who revolted against the Shogunate in the Kanno Disturbance entered Kyushu, it was divided among the three equal powers of the Southern Court, Takauji (the Shogunate) and Tadafuyu.
- やがて徳川吉宗が享保の改革において全国にサトウキビの栽培を奨励すると、高松藩が特産物創生と財源確保を目的としてこれに呼応した。
- Then, the eighth Shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA encouraged nationwide to grow sugarcane in Kyoho Reformation and Takamatsu Domain responded to this for the purpose of producing a local specialty and securing financial resources.
- もっとも、一応家元制度を取っていたとは言え、三派合同で流儀を形成したという過去の経緯もあって、近世を通じて家元の力は弱かった。
- The school had introduced the Iemoto system, however, the head family was little influential through the early modern age due to the background that the above-mentioned three families jointly decided the school style.
- したがって、流派としては、地歌や箏曲の生田流に対応するものは流派を名乗っていないが大きく分けて大阪系、京都系、名古屋系がある。
- Therefore, although there is no named school, the three large lines of the Osaka line, the Kyoto line and the Nagoya line exist correspondingly to the Ikuta school for Jiuta songs and So music.
- また、元市民病院院長や元舞鶴市長(故人)の親族の応援を得て無所属で出馬した元舞鶴市会議員で前府会議員の斎藤によって保守分裂した。
- At the same time the former city assembly member and previous prefecture assembly member, SAITO, ran the race for mayor as an independent candidate backed by the former hospital director for Maizuru Municipal Hospital and relatives of the (now defunct) former Maizuru mayor, resulting in a split among the conservatives.
- 崇神天皇・応神天皇・継体天皇など、古代の天皇の何人かは、前代の天皇とは血縁は無く皇位簒奪を行ったのではないかという説が存在する。
- There is a theory that says some Emperors in ancient times, such as Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin, and Emperor Keitai, usurped the imperial throne regardless of blood relations with the past Emperors.
- 成務天皇は13代で、応神天皇(15代)仁徳天皇(16代)や倭の五王よりも遡る4世紀のことで、時代でいうと古墳時代の前期にあたる。
- Emperor Seimu was the 13th emperor of Japan and lived in the 4th century before Emperor Ojin (15th), Emperor Nintoku (16th) and the five kings of Wa (Japan) in what was the first half of the Kofun period.
- 社会の変動に対応する政治的イニシアチブを摂関家と天皇のいずれもがとりえないという摂関政治の欠陥が露呈し、機能不全に陥っていった。
- After that time, defect in the regency that neither Sekkan-ke nor emperors could take the political initiative for social changes was exposed, leading to a lack of function.
- 惣村が最盛期を迎えたのは室町時代中期(15世紀)ごろであり、応仁の乱などの戦乱に対応するため、自治能力が非常に高まったとされる。
- Soson reached the mature stage in the mid-Muromachi period (around the fifteenth century), and it is said that the self-governing capability was very enhanced so as to respond to conflicts such as the Onin War.
- 観応の擾乱(かんのうのじょうらん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1350年-1352年の観応年間に頂点に達した室町幕府内の権力闘争。
- The Kanno Disturbance was a power struggle within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that reached its height during the Kanno era from 1350 to 1352 of the Northern and Southern Court period.
- 奥羽越列藩同盟政府から新政府に寝返った久保田藩・津軽藩・三春藩は功を労われ、明治2年(1869年)には一応の賞典禄が与えられた。
- The Kubota Domain, the Tsugaru Domain, and the Miharu Domain which defected from the Ouetsu-reppan alliance to the new government were commended for their deeds, and were given provisional shotenroku in 1869.
- 対応に苦しんだ幕府は、文保元年(1317年)、次回の皇位継承については両統の協議により決定し、特使の派遣はやめるように指示した。
- The bakufu struggled to handle the issue and in 1317, it indicated that the next succession was to be decided by discussion between the two lines and prohibited the sending of special envoys.
- 慶応2年1月23日_(旧暦)(1866年3月8日)、宿泊していた坂本龍馬を伏見奉行配下の捕り方が捕縛ないし暗殺しようとした事件。
- It was an incident in which the torikata (policemen capturing criminals) under the Fushimi magistrate attempted to apprehend or assassinate Ryoma SAKAMOTO while he was staying at the Teradaya on March 8, 1866.
- 応永7年(1400年)3月、関東公方足利満兼は伊豆国三嶋大社に願文を奉献し、「小量をもって」幕府に二心を起こしたことを謝罪した。
- In April, 1400, the Kanto kubo Mitsukane ASHIKAGA presented a prayer-petition to the Grand Shrine at Mishima in Izu Province in which he apologized for double-crossing the shogunate 'in my narrow-mindedness.'
- 更にかき混ぜる速さ・強さ・時間は好みに応じて異なり、白身を完全に切ったサラっとした状態から卵黄が割れているだけの状態まで幅広い。
- Furthermore, the speed, the strength, and the time of beating the egg can vary depending on one's taste, ranging from a light state in which the egg white is thoroughly destroyed to a state in which only the yolk is broken.
- ワカメを食用に供する習慣はほぼ日本と朝鮮半島にしかなく、日本や朝鮮半島と同じく海藻を食べる習慣が一応ある中国ですら食べなかった。
- The custom of serving seaweed as an edible materials existed in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, but people in China did not eat seaweed even though they had the custom of eating marine alga, as in Japan and the Korean Peninsula.
- 豚カツを乗せるものの他、応用としてチキンカツ、牛カツ(ビフカツ)、エビや魚などのフライ、コロッケ、唐揚げなどを乗せたものもある。
- In addition to those with pork cutlet placed on top, other variations include those with chicken cutlet, beef cutlet, fried shrimp and fish, croquette, and karaage (deep-fried chicken, potatoes, etc) placed on top.
- この洪水は日吉ダムの開設により一応は解決しているものの、遊水池となっていたJR嵯峨野線と保津川(大堰川)の間には殆ど建築物がない。
- While the construction of Hiyoshi Dam has basically solved the flood problem, no buildings have been erected in the area (formerly flood control basin) between the JR Sagano Line and the Hozu-gawa (Oi-gawa) River.
- 友幸は応永30年(1423年)10月に従五位下に叙任され、享徳2年(1454年)に従三位、寛正4年(1463年)には正三位となる。
- Tomoyuki was appointed to the Jugomi-ge (Junior Lower Fifth Rank) in October, 1423, then to the Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1454, and finally to Seisanmi (Senior Third Rank) in 1463.
- 『日本書紀』によれば応神天皇5世の孫(曾孫の孫)で父は彦主人王(ひこうしのおおきみ)、母は垂仁天皇7世孫の振媛(ふりひめ)である。
- According to 'Nihonshoki', Emperor Keitai was the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin (grandchild of his great-grandchild) and his father was Hikoushio and his mother was Furihime the seventh generation descendant of Emperor Sunin.
- 1493年(明応3)には細川政元らにより10代将軍足利義稙を廃立する明応の政変で11代将軍足利義澄を擁立し、自身が幕政を主導する。
- In 1493, the tenth Ashikaga Shogun, Yoshitane, was deposed by Masamoto HOSOKAWA and allies and replaced by the eleventh Ashikaga Shogun, Yoshizumi, while Masamoto himself assumed de facto leadership of the shogunate.
- 公家では吉田定房・万里小路宣房・北畠親房の「後の三房」と千種忠顕・坊門清忠らを重用し、後伏見天皇院政の人材も能力に応じて採用した。
- Among the nobility, the so-called 'Three Latter-day Fusas,' Sadafusa YOSHIDA, Nobufusa MADENOKOJI, and Chikafusa KITABATAKE, along with Tadaaki CHIGUSA and Kiyotada BOMON were all appointed to important posts, while talented men in retired Emperor Gofushimi's administration were also put to use according to their abilities.
- また、筒井順慶は参戦に応じ配下を山城に派兵していたが、極秘裏に秀吉側に寝返り、9日に郡山城 (大和国)で籠城支度を始めてしまった。
- On the other hand Junkei TSUTSUI, who had agreed to join Mitsuhide's camp and sent troops to Yamashiro, turned his coat to Hideyoshi side in strict secrecy, and on June 9 began preparations for holing up in Koriyama-jo Castle (in Yamato Province).
- 1467年2月22日(応仁元年1月18日)、政長は無防備であった自邸に火を放つと、兵を率いて上御霊社(京都市上京区)に陣を敷いた。
- On February 22, 1467, Masanaga set on fire his own undefended residence, led samurai and took up a position at Kami Goryo Shrine (in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City).
- 石清水八幡宮(現・京都府八幡市)に祀られている応神天皇は一寸法師にそっくりであり、3歳で生まれ竹の葉の上に乗り生まれて来たとある。
- Emperor Ojin enshrined at Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine (presently at Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture) looks very much like Issunboshi, and it is said that he was born riding on a bamboo leaf at the age of three.
- メイラード反応から、ストレッカー分解を経て産出される有機化合物、加熱工程にて産生される焦げ香も、醤油を特徴付ける重要な要素である。
- Organic compounds generated through Strecker degradation from Maillard reaction and scorching smell generated in the heating process are critical elements that feature soy-sauce.
- 左右の幕番が竹を利用して幕をあげて(これを本幕という)、シテやワキが出入りし、曲趣に応じて幕のあげかたにも違いがもうけられている。
- The right and left makuban (curtain guards) raise a curtain (called 'Honmaku' (full curtain)) using bamboo to allow Shite and Waki to enter or exit, and the way the curtain is raised differs according to the theme.
- そもそも陸軍に所属する火薬製造所で開発された、純度の高いアルコールを蒸留する技術が、アルコール飲料の開発に応用されるようになった。
- A technique to distill very pure alcohol originally developed at a gunpowder plant of the army utilized to develop alcoholic drinks.
- 人口の増加と市街地の拡大に対応し、明治末期から、道路拡築及び京都市電敷設、琵琶湖疏水開削、上水道整備からなる「三大事業」が行われた。
- To satisfy the growth in population and the needs of urban development, 'three big projects' were undertaken from the end of the Meiji period: road extension and the construction of the Kyoto City Trams, the construction of canals at Lake Biwa, and the construction of the water-supply system.
- 日本書紀の仁徳の条の冒頭では、五百城入彦皇子(成務天皇の弟)の孫となっているが、この記載は古事記応神の条の冒頭にある記事と矛盾する。
- In the beginning of a paragraph on Nintoku in Nihonshoki, he is described as a grandchild of Prince Iokiiribiko (younger brother of Emperor Seimu) but this description contradicts the article in the beginning of a paragraph on Ojin in Kojiki.
- 関所の代官は年貢・公事の納入以外で京都に入る商品や往来する人馬から率分に応じた商品あるいは一定の金額を通行税(関銭)として徴収した。
- A local magistrate of a checkpoint collected pro rata goods or a certain amount of money as passenger tax (sekisen, checkpoint charge) from goods coming to Kyoto, and people and cargoes passing up and down, except delivery of land taxes, political operations and ceremonies by the Imperial Court.
- 日本では、身分制度の維持を図る観点から身分相応以上の服装を着用する行為が道徳風俗違反であるとして「過差(かさ)」であると非難された。
- In Japan, to maintain its class system, 'extravagant behavior' such as wearing clothes beyond one's means was criticized as an offense against public morals and decency.
- その後も応和2年(962年)・寛和2年(986年)・延久4年(1072年)・治承3年(1179年)に估価法による価格統制が行われた。
- Later on, prices were regulated in 962, 986, 1072, and 1179 under Kokaho.
- 1331年(元弘元年、元徳3年)8月、後醍醐天皇が笠置山 (京都府)で挙兵、これに応じて楠木正成も河内で挙兵して、元弘の乱が始まる。
- In August 1331, Emperor Godaigo raised an army on Mt. Kasagi (in the present Kyoto Prefecture), and Masashige KUSUNOKI collaterally raised his army in Kawachi Province, which was the start of the Genko War.
- 「三職推任問題」での信長の対応をみて、朝廷側が、信長は朝廷を滅ぼす意思を持っているのではないかと考えたことを根拠の一つとして挙げる。
- One of grounds for this view is that the imperial court might consider that Nobunaga had an intention to overthrow the imperial court surmising from Nobunaga's response with respect to 'sanshokusuininnmonndai' (matters related to the Imperial Court's offer to Nobunaga to appoint him to Semi Daishogun, Daijo Daijin, or Kanpaku according to Nobunaga's wish).
- 友禅染の色彩豊かな彩色方法を考案したのは京都出身の扇絵師、宮崎友禅斎だが、糊置き防染の技法自体はそのころすでに一応の完成を見ていた。
- Yuzensai MIYAZAKI, the folding fan painter from Kyoto, invented the coloring method of the colorful yuzen-zome, but the resisting technique using resist paste was already completed at the time.
- 基本的に相手の手首・肘・肩関節を制する幾つかの形から始まり、稽古を重ねる中で多様な応用技・変化技(投げ技・固め技など)を学んで行く。
- It basically starts with several kata for controlling the opponent's wrist, elbow and shoulder joints, then various application techniques and henkawaza (changing from one technique to another) (throwing techniques, grappling, etc.) are acquired through repeated training.
- 慶応4年3月13日 (旧暦) 五兵衛新田(現在の東京都足立区綾瀬 (足立区)四丁目)の金子家を中心に屯所を設営して滞在(4月1日まで)
- March 13 1868, established military post around the KANEKO residence in Gohei Nitta (present-day Ayase 4-chome, Adachi Ward, Tokyo) and stayed there (until April 1st).
- 王政復古の大号令によって熾仁親王は新政府の総裁職に就任したが、幟仁親王も慶応4年2月20日(1868年3月13日)に議定に任命された。
- Imperial Prince Taruhito assumed the president of the new government under the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule, and Imperial Prince Takahito was also assigned to a gijo (senior councilor) on March 13, 1868.
- だが、創成期の武家政権と既存の朝廷勢力の権限を巡る駆け引きと緊張関係は引き続き存在し、その一応の解決をみるのは承久の乱以後の事である。
- However, the politics over rights and the tense relationship between the initial warrior class government and the conventional Imperial Court forces continued, and it was resolved to a certain degree only after the Jyokyu Rebellion.
- 応仁の乱(1467年-1477年)後100年以上にわたり、日本では政治的、社会的、そして経済的に分裂した戦国時代 (日本)に突入した。
- After the Onin War (1467 - 1477), Japan entered the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and was politically, socially, and economically divided for more than 100 years.
- 僐子内親王(よしこないしんのう、平治元年(1159年) - 嘉応3年3月1日 (旧暦)(1171年4月14日))は、平安時代後期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Yoshiko (僐子) (1159 - April 14, 1171) was a member of the Imperial Family in the latter period of the Heian period.
- 近年の研究によれば、この6代から若野毛二俣王と大郎子を除いた「応神 ― 乎非 ― 斯 ― 継体」が本来の系譜とされている(川口勝康氏)。
- However, according to recent historical research and studies, the original genealogy might be written like this: 'the Emperor Ojin – Oi no Okimi - Ushi no Okimi – the Emperor Keitai' which extended into two generations, was eliminated from the six generations of the genealogy as described in the Joguki: Wakanuke futamata no Miko and Oiratsuko (Katsuyasu KAWAGUCHI).
- 平安京周辺に馬寮が設定した「飼養牧(しようまき)」に預けられて公務の必要に応じて利用された他、公卿や近衛府などに下賜される場合もあった。
- The horses were sometimes placed in 'Shiyomaki' which was set adjacent to Heiankyo (ancient capital of Japan, present day Kyoto) by Meryo and were accordingly used for public services or granted in some occasions to Kugyo (court nobles) or Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- 明治新政府は翌年の慶応4年(明治元年/1868年)5月 (旧暦)に新時代の到来を宣布する為、変化に相応しい新しい即位式の挙行を目指した。
- The new Meiji Government aimed at new enthronement ceremony, which might be appropriate for the changes, in order to declare the arrival of a new era in May Keio 4 (the first year of the Meiji period/ 1868).
- この最中に将軍の跡継ぎ争いが勃発し、これに山名氏・細川氏ら守護大名の権力争い・畠山氏・斯波氏の跡継ぎ争いなどが加わり応仁の乱が起こった。
- Under such situations, a fight over succession for shogun occurred and in addition, struggles for power between shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) such as the Yamana clan and Hosokawa clan and a fight over succession to family headship in the Hatakeyama clan and Shiba clan occurred resulting in the occurrence of the Onin Disturbance.
- 明応6年(1497年)には大内義興は少弐政資を滅ぼし、かつては鎮西の覇者であった少弐氏を肥前の一地方勢力に転落させることに成功している。
- Yoshioki OUCHI defeated Masasuke SHONI in 1497 and succeeded in making the Shoni clan, once the hegemony of Chinzei (nickname of Kyushu) demoted to a regional power.
- 一応こういう区別は存するが、実際には主(しゅう)、太郎冠者(たろうかじゃ)、すっぱ、亭主等、その曲その曲の役名で呼ばれることの方が多い。
- Although it is possible to distinguish performers by using the above-mentioned titles, in fact, they are mostly called by the role name of each program, such as Shu, Tarokaja, Suppa, and Teishu.
- 安倍氏は頼義に対し終始優勢のうちに戦いを続けたが秋田仙北の俘囚主清原氏が度重なる頼義の要請に応えて参戦すると、これを支えきれず貞任は敗北。
- The Abe clan continued to predominate over Yoriyoshi throughout all battles, but after the Kiyohara clan, the master of Fushu in Senboku of Akita, participated in the war after accepting Yoriyoshi's repeated requests, Sadato was unable to continue fighting, and was defeated.
- だが、9代目の洞院公数が世の無常を感じて応仁の乱の最中である文明 (日本)8年(1476年)に突如全家財・文書を処分して出家してしまった。
- However, Kinkazu TOIN, the ninth generation of the family, suddenly disposed of all the household goods and documents when, in 1476 during the Onin War, he realized the absence of absolutes of the world and became a priest.
- さらに、慶応4年/明治元年(1867年)には、東征大総督に任じられた有栖川宮熾仁親王が東征に際して明治天皇から錦の御旗と節刀を授けられた。
- In 1867, the Emperor Meiji granted the Impeiral standard (made of gold brocade) and Setto to Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito who was appointed to Tosei-daisotoku (great general) for a military expedition to the east.
- このような出生の神秘性は、本来応神天皇が前王朝との血統上のつながりを持たず、新王朝の開祖であるとされたことを物語っているとするものもある。
- Some people argue that this mysteriousness of his birth suggests that Emperor Ojin fundamentally had no blood line connection to the previous dynasty and was regarded as the founder of a new dynasty.
- 実在性が濃厚な最古の大王(天皇)とも言われるが、仁徳天皇の条と記載の重複・混乱が見られることなどから、応神・仁徳同一説などが出されている。
- He is said to be the oldest okimi (Emperor), actuality of whose existence is high, but, because descriptions about him overlap and are confused with a paragraph on Emperor Nintoku, there are theories presented including one that Ojin and Nintoku are the same person.
- しかしながら、一応のところ、(原始・)古代・中世・近世・近代(・現代 (時代区分))とする時代区分法が歴史研究では広く受け入れられている。
- However, roughly it can be said that classifying the periods into (the primitive period), ancient times, the medieval period, the early-modern times, modern times, and the contemporary period is widely accepted in the researching of history.
- そして、具体的な法令としては鎌倉時代の御成敗式目(貞永式目)を適用し、必要に応じて「建武以来追加」と呼ばれる追加法を発布して補充している。
- As a detailed law, Goseibai-shikimoku (Joe-shikimoku) of the Kamakura period was applied, and when necessary an additional law called 'Kenmu-irai-tsuika' was issued to supplement the above.
- 応仁の乱によって京都を追われた公家や民衆は京都周辺の山科区や宇治市、大津市、奈良市、堺市といった周辺都市や地方の所領などに疎開していった。
- Court nobles and common people driven away from Kyoto by the Onin War took refuge in Yamashina Ward, a peripheral area of Kyoto, neighboring cities of Uji, Otsu, Nara, and Sakai, and local estates.
- 応永6年(1399年)10月13日、大内義弘は軍勢を率いて分国和泉国堺の浦に着き、家臣の平井新左衛門を入洛させるが、自身は参洛しなかった。
- On November 19, 1399 (Oei era), Yoshihiro OUCHI led his forces out and arrived at the inlet of Sakai (Osaka) at the border of Izumi Province, and sent his retainer Shinzaemon HIRAI on to the capital, but chose not to go himself.
- 醤油はアミノ酸と糖に富むため、酸化や加熱、成分の揮発のほか、メイラード反応が進むことで産生されるメラノイジンにより色は濃くなる傾向にある。
- Since soy-sauce contains rich amino acid and sugar, its color tends to be dark due to melanoidin generated from Maillard reaction in the process apart from oxidation, heating, volatilization of constituents.
- このことからも山名教之の代には守護代を務めたこともある進氏は明応年間に入ると山名氏から離れ自立する動きを見せていたことが明らかになっている。
- This clearly indicates that the Shin clan, who served as Shugodai in the period of Noriyuki YAMANA, began to keep a distance from the Yamana clan for independence in the Meio era.
- 西園寺 姞子(さいおんじ きつし、嘉禄元年(1225年) - 正応5年9月9日(1292年10月20日))は、後嵯峨天皇の中宮で後に皇太后。
- Kitsushi SAIONJI (1225 - October 20, 1292) was the Chugu (Empress) to Emperor Gosaga, and later became Empress Dowager.
- 応神天皇の名とされる「ホムダワケ」(『日本書紀』では誉田別、『古事記』では品陀和気と表記)は、実は生前に使われた実名だった、とする説がある。
- There is a theory that 'Homudawake' (in 'Nihonshoki' and 'Kojiki,' Chinese characters used are different) which is thought to be the posthumous name of Emperor Ojin was a real name used when he was alive.
- 中世東アジアにおいて倭寇前期倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力が猛威を奮い、朝鮮王朝は討伐・懐柔・室町幕府への鎮圧要請など、様々な対応を余儀なくされる。
- During the Middle Age, influential maritime forces called zenki-wako (early Japanese pirates) threatened East Asia, and the Korean Dynasty was obliged to take various countermeasures including the dispatch of troops, attempts to conciliate the pirates, and requests for suppression of the pirates sent to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 群盗海賊の頻発に対し、朝廷と国司は、ほとんど形骸化した軍団兵士制では満足のいく対応ができなかったため、別の鎮圧方策をとる必要に迫られていた。
- Bobbers and pirates appeared frequently, but the imperial court and kokushi could not cope with the situation using the gundan-soldier system that had become a dead letter and were forced to take a new measure to combat them.
- ただし髙橋昌明がそうはっきり述べたのは1999年になって、他の研究者からの相次ぐ批判・誤解への回答「諸氏の批判に応える」の中においてである。
- However, Masaaki TAKAHASHI firmly declared in 1999, 'Will Answer Your Criticism, Ladies and Gentlemen' in response to constant criticism and misinterpretations from other researchers.
- 同一談話者の『中外抄』にも載せる久安7年(1151年)から、保元の乱・平治の乱後の応保元年(1161年)まで、全て258段の短い記事がある。
- It contains 258 brief articles from 1151 to 1161, from articles which are included in 'Chugaisho,' Tadazane's discourse collection, to articles after the Hogen and Heiji Disturbances.
- しかしその後、尊氏が政務を任せていた弟の足利直義と足利家の執事の高師直が対立が表面化し、観応年間には観応の擾乱とよばれる幕府の内紛が起こる。
- But thereafter, the feud between Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, whom Takauji had entrusted with the running of the government, and the Ashikaga family steward, Ko no Moronao, spilled out into the open, and during the Kanno era, the shogunate experienced an internal struggle known as the Kanno Disturbance.
- なお、北朝と南朝が合体するまでを南北朝時代_(日本)、応仁の乱(1467年)あるいは明応の政変(1493年)以降を戦国時代 (日本)と呼ぶ。
- Furthermore, the period until the unification of Hokucho and Nancho is called the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and the period after the Onin War (1467) or the Meio Incident (1493) is called the Age of Civil War (Japan).
- 1467年12月19日(応仁元年11月23日)、西軍は比叡山に使いを出して義視を迎えいれると“新将軍”に奉り幕府の体裁を整え東軍に対抗した。
- On December 19, 1467, the Western camp sent an envoy to Hiei-zan to invite Yoshimi as the 'new Shogun,' who gave this camp a resemblance of legitimate Bakufu, and confronted with the Eastern camp.
- 幕府もこれを認めざるえなくなり応永12年(1405年)頃に盛見に周防・長門の守護職を与え、更に豊前・筑前の守護まで加えてようやく帰順させた。
- The shogunate, no longer able to avoid acknowledging Morimi's overlordship of these lands, officially granted him the title of shugo over Suo and Nagato Provinces in 1405, and when they added the provinces of Buzen and Chikuzen to his dominion as shugo, he finally swore allegiance to the Shogun again.
- 六角氏との対抗戦略としては効果的な同盟であったが、元亀元年(1570年)に、信長が朝倉義景を攻めるべく越前国に侵攻すると、その対応に苦慮する。
- It was an effective alliance as a strategy against the Rokkaku clan, however, in 1570 when Nobunaga advanced his troops to Echizen Province to conquer Yoshikage ASAKURA, Nagamasa worried over coping with it.
- 1351年(正平6年、北朝の観応2年)、室町幕府の内紛(観応の擾乱)により、足利尊氏が一時的に南朝に降伏し、一旦南朝に統一された(正平一統)。
- In 1351, due to an internal conflict of Muromachi bakufu (Kanno Disturbance), Takauji ASHIKAGA temporarily surrendered to the Southern Court and the two courts were once unified by the Southern Court (Shohei Itto).
- 阿倍は一つの場所に秋田郡・渟代二郡の蝦夷241人とその虜31人、津軽郡の蝦夷112人とその虜4人、胆振国の蝦夷20人を集めて饗応し禄を与える。
- ABE gathered 241 Ezo people from Akita County and the two Nushiro counties and their 31 slaves, 112 Ezo people from Tsugaru County and their four slaves as well as 20 Ezo people from Iburi Province all in once place and entertained them and gave them salaries.
- 翌文応2年2月(1261年3月)、中宮に冊立されるが、半年後の弘長元年8月(1261年9月)、女御西園寺嬉子が立后されるのを受け、皇后となる。
- In March, 1261, she was installed as chugu (the second consort of an emperor), and a half year later, she became an empress when nyogo, Kishi SAIONJI was installed as empress in September, 1261.
- 最雲法親王(さいうんほっしんのう、長治元年(1104年) - 応保2年2月16日 (旧暦)(1162年3月3日)は、平安時代中期の天台宗の僧。
- Cloistered Imperial Prince Saiun (1104 - March 10, 1162) was a monk of the Tendai sect of Buddhism in the middle of the Heian period.
- 養老5年(721年)に「節を制し度を謹しみ、奢侈を禁防するは、政を為すに先とする所にして百王不易の道なり」と唱えて位階に応じて蓄馬を規制した。
- In 721, raising horses was regulated according to rank by stating that 'exercising abstention and moderation and prohibiting luxury are the first things for governance and the way how a king keeps his strong authority.'
- 給主たる院宮・寺社は毎年、叙位或いは特定の官職への任官希望者を公募し、応募者に叙爵料、任料を納める代償として希望する官位を与えることができた。
- As the owners of the territories, ingu, temple and shrines were allowed to publicly seek applicants for joi (investiture of a Court rank) or specific government posts every year and grant official ranks in return for Joshaku (conferring of a Court rank) fee and ninryo (fee for getting an official rank).
- また、朝廷や幕府が臨時的な事業(御所造営など)のため田の面積に応じて賦課した段銭や、家屋ごとに賦課した棟別銭の徴収は、守護が行うこととされた。
- Additionally, the shugo were granted the right to collect the tansen, a tax imposed in proportion to the area by the Imperial Court or the shogunate for the contingent project (for example, building the palace) and to collect the munebetsu-sen, a tax imposed on each house.
- 1351年(正平6年/観応2年)には、尊氏が直義派に対抗するために一時的に南朝に降伏し、年号を南朝の「正平」に統一する「正平一統」が成立した。
- In 1351 (Shohei 6/Kanno 2), Takauji temporarily submitted to the Southern Court's authority in an effort to undercut the Tadayoshi faction, and the era name was unified under the Southern Court's name, Shohei, in what was called 'the Shohei Unification.'
- 慶応4年(1868年)、新政府は会津藩の武装恭順を認めず仙台藩・米沢藩をはじめとする東北の雄藩に会津藩追討を命じ、鎮撫使と軍の部隊を派遣した。
- In 1868, the new government rejected the Yonezawa domain's surrender with arms, and ordered the powerful domains in Tohoku such as; the Sendai and Yonezawa Domains, to deploy their forces to crush the Aizu Domain.
- 直後に信長は小姓たちを呼び、鎌のような武器(薙刀術)を振り回しながら明智の兵達に対して応戦していたが、明智の鉄砲隊が放った弾が左肩に命中した。
- Immediately after that, Nobunaga called his pages and counterattacked warriors of the Akechi clan brandishing a sickle-like weapon (naginata (Japanese halberd) art), but he was shot his left shoulder by a bullet shot by the musket troops of the Akechi clan.
- 応仁の乱は将軍や守護大名の没落を促進し、守護代であった朝倉孝景が守護大名の地位を得たことに象徴されるように、真の実力者の身分上昇をもたらした。
- The Onin War served to accelerate the downfall of Shoguns and shugo daimyos and to raise the status of true strongmen, as symbolized by the acquisition by Takakage ASAKURA, who had been a deputy shugo, of the rank of shugo daimyo.
- こうして、三曲合奏は日本の伝統音楽の中でも合奏音楽として重要な位置を占めており、明治以降、西洋音楽にももっとも早くから対応することにもなった。
- In this way, of all kinds of traditional Japanese music, sankyoku gasso came to occupy an important position as ensemble music, and it was able to catch up with Western music in and after the Meiji period sooner than any other music in Japan.
- やがて大内義弘が挙兵する応永の乱が勃発するが、一時これに加担する動きを見せた鎌倉公方の足利氏満を焚き付けたのが了俊である、との疑念を掛けられた。
- The Oei War occurred in which Yoshihiro OUCHI raised an army, but a suspicion was raised that Ryoshun instigated Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region), to support Yoshihiro.
- だが、応仁の乱では岡崎が戦場となり、北白川も目前の東山に北白川城が築かれて度々攻防戦が行われるなど、戦国 (日本)乱世の影響を確実に受けている。
- During the Onin War, both areas were directly affected by the turbulent war period such that Okazaki became a battleground, whereas Kitashirakawa-jo Castle was built in Higashiyama which was within a stone's throw of Kita Shirakawa where offensive and defensive battles were frequently fought.
- 夫の仲哀天皇の急死(200年)後、住吉大神の神託により、お腹に子供(のちの応神天皇)を妊娠したまま海を渡って朝鮮半島に出兵して新羅の国を攻めた。
- After a sudden death of Emperor Chuai (in 200), although she was pregnant with the future emperor (later Emperor Ojin), she crossed the ocean and sent troops to Korean Peninsula to attack Silla by the oracle of Sumiyoshi Okami (the great gods of Sumiyoshi).
- 明徳5年(1394年)2月、「不登極帝(即位しなかった天皇)」として太上天皇の尊号を贈られたが、応永4年(1397年)11月にはこれを辞退した。
- In March 1394, he was conferred the honorary title of Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor) as 'the emperor who was not enthroned'; however, he declined the title in November 1397.
- 幟仁親王は政治から距離を置く代わりに、慶応4年1月17日(1868年2月10日)に神祇官総督に就任したのを皮切りに国家神道や国学の普及に努めた。
- Keeping a distance from politics, Imperial Prince Takahito started to become involved in the dissemination of State Shinto and the study of Japanese classical literature as soon as he assumed the post of the governor general of the Jingikan (the department of worship) on February 10, 1868.
- 6月29日、吹負は別の留守司である坂上熊毛と謀り、吹負が高市皇子を名乗って外から陣営に入り、それに熊毛と倭漢氏の一部が内応するという計をたてた。
- On June 29, Hukei organized a plot with SAKANOUE no Kumake, another guard of city, to enter the camp from outside using the name of Prince Takechi and take over the camp with some of the Kumage clan and the Wakan clan who were assured to betray the Prince Otomo.
- 能登内親王(のとのひめみこ、のとないしんのう、天平7年(733年) - 天応 (日本)元年(781年)2月17日 (旧暦))は、奈良時代の皇族。
- The Imperial Princess Noto (735 - March 20, 781) was a member of the Imperial Family who lived in the Nara period.
- 慶応4年8月17日 (旧暦)(1868年10月2日)に、10日後の8月27日 (旧暦)(1868年10月12日)に即位の礼を行うことを発表した。
- On August 17, Keio 4 (old lunar calendar) (October 2, 1868), it was announced that Sokui no rei would be held ten days later, on August 27 (old lunar calendar) (October 12, 1868).
- 逆に守護大名の段階において領国の一円支配を一応は完成させていた武田氏や今川氏、新興の外来勢力である後北条氏・里見氏には見られない現象でもあった。
- By contrast, this phenomenon was not seen in the Takeda and Imagawa clans, which had achieved ichien shihai (integrated rule over whole territory) when they were still in the stage of Shugo daimyo; nor was it seen in the Gohojo and Satomi clans which were a newly emerged foreign power.
- 11世紀中期に見られた体制変化・社会変化は、当時徐々に一円化を進め、著しい増加を見せていた荘園に対抗するための国衙側(公領側)の対応策であった。
- The changes in the governing structure and society that occurred in the mid-11th century were countermeasures taken by kokuga side (public land side) in order to counter shoen (manor in medieval Japan), which were rapidly increasing at the time and proceeding with ichienka (realization of complete ownership).
- こうした変化に対応できた守護もしくは守護を放伐した守護代・国人らは、守護不入権などを否認して強力かつ一元的に領国を支配する戦国大名へと成長した。
- Denying various disadvantageous terms such as the right of shugo-funyu, shugo that had successfully coped with these changes, as well as shugo-dai and kokujin that had ousted shugo, grew into Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period [period of warring states]) controlling their territories strongly and uniformly.
- 南朝方は北畠親房の指揮で、東西で呼応して京と鎌倉の同時奪還を企て、翌1352年2月には南朝は尊氏の征夷大将軍を解任し、代わって宗良親王を任じた。
- The Southern Court under the leadership of Chikafusa KITABATAKE planned to regain Kyoto and Kamakura together by calling for forces in both eastern and western Japan, and in February 1352, Takauji is relieved of his position as Seii Taishogun by the Southern Court and Imperial Prince Muneyoshi was installed in his place.
- 応永26年(1419年)幕府は北野麹座に京都全域における麹の製造販売の権利一切を与え、京都の全ての酒屋は北野麹座から麹を購入する事が決定された。
- In 1419, the bakufu gave all rights to produce and sell koji malt in Kyoto to Kitano koji za, and it was determined that all sakaya in Kyoto should purchase koji malt from Kitano koji za.
- 日本書紀によると応神天皇14年に弓月君(ゆづきのきみ:新撰姓氏録では融通王)が朝鮮半島の百済から百二十県の人を率いて帰化し秦氏の基となったという。
- According to the Chronicles of Japan, the Hata clan originated with Yuzuki no kimi (described as Yuzuo in 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility)) who in 284 led people from 120 districts of Paekche in the Korean Peninsula to settle in Japan.
- 足利義満は北小路室町(上京区)に花の御所と呼ばれる邸宅を建造し、応仁の乱で焼失するまで将軍家の在所となり、足利将軍は在所から「室町殿」と呼ばれた。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA built a residence called Hana no Gosho (literally, Flower Palace) in Kitakoji Muromachi (Kamigyo Ward), which was used as a residence by the Shogun family until it was burned down during to the Onin War, and Ashikaga Shogun were also called as 'Muromachi-dono' after the residence.
- この際に、各陵の工事前と工事後の様子を絵師に描かせ、上下二卷にまとめて1867年(慶応3)朝廷と幕府に献上したものがいわゆる「文久山陵図」である。
- At this time, Eshi painters painted before and after conditions, presenting volumes one and two of these paintings to the Imperial court and bakufu in 1867, which were the so-called 'Bunkyu Sanrikuzu.'
- 1352年(正平7年 / 観応3年)閏2月19日、山城国の男山(京都府八幡市)に入り、七条大宮の戦いで楠木正儀が足利義詮を破り再び京都を奪回する。
- On April 12, 1352, he entered Otokoyama in Yamashiro Province (Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture), and Masanori KUSUNOKI beat Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA in the Battle of Shichijo Omiya to recover Kyoto.
- また天皇が「お前が結んだ下紐は、誰が解いてくれるのか」と尋ねると、姫は「旦波比古多多須美知能宇斯王に兄比売と弟比売という姉妹がいます。」と応えた。
- The Emperor continued asking, 'who on earth will untie the strings of my under-kilt you tied?' and she answered, 'Tanihanohikotatasumichino-ushinoo has two daughters called Ehime and Otohime, respectively.'
- 休子内親王(きゅうし(やすこ)ないしんのう、保元2年(1157年) - 嘉応3年3月1日 (旧暦)(1171年4月7日))は、平安時代末期の皇族。
- Imperial Princess Kyushi (Yasuko) (1157 - April 7, 1171) was a member of the Imperial family at the end of the Heian Period.
- 後嵯峨は、寛元4年(1246年)、皇子久仁親王(後深草天皇)に譲位した後、文応元年(1260年)に後深草の同母弟恒仁親王(亀山天皇)に譲位させた。
- After abdicating the throne in favor of Imperial Prince Hisahito (Emperor Gofukakusa) in 1246, Gosaga made him abdicate the throne in 1260 in favor of Imperial Prince Tsunehito (Emperor Kameyama), Gofukakusa's brother by the same mother.
- 特に対馬は倭寇の一大拠点と目されており、対馬守護であった宗氏に対してもこうした協力が要請され、宗氏もそれに応え日朝交易に積極的に参加をしていった。
- Since Tsushima was considered one of the most important bases of the wako pirates, the So clan, who was the governor of Tsushima Province, was requested to cooperate with the Korean Dynasty, so the So clan responded to that request and eventually began to undertake active participation in the trade between Japan and Korea.
- 前者の他氏排斥としては、842年の承和の変において大伴氏・橘氏両氏及び藤原式家を、次いで866年の応天門の変において伴・紀氏両氏を失脚させている。
- As an example of the first method of ejecting other clans, he brought about the downfall of the Otomo and the Tachibana clans, along with the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, in the Jowa Incident of 842, and then the Tomo and Ki clans in the Otenmon Incident of 866.
- 但し、含まれる酵素により熟成が進み、また、糖分とアミノ酸がメイラード反応し、温度、時間に比例し、白色→黄色→ピンク色→褐色→焦げ茶色→黒色となる。
- However, the yeast contained within sakekasu carries out fermentation and the Maillard reaction between sugar and amino acids leads to its color changing from white to yellow then pink followed by brown, dark brown and black depending on temperature and time.
- その具体的政策はときどきに応じて異なるが、江戸時代を通じて酒造制限令が61回、酒造奨励令が6回発せられ、全体的には規制をかけることが基調であった。
- Although concrete measures were different as the occasion demanded, the sake brewing restriction decrees were enforced 61 times and the sake brewing promotion decrees 6 times throughout the Edo period, which indicates basic direction was, as a whole, to impose restrictions.
- 朝廷でも重要な儀式の一つとされ、応仁の乱の開始から延徳二年(1490年)に再興されるまでの約30年間中断された他は、明治維新まで継続して行われた。
- It was considered as one of the important ceremonies in the Imperial Court, and held continuously until the Meiji Restoration, except for about 30 years of the interruption between the start of the Onin War until being revived in 1490.
- 日本において、信長周辺にこれらヨーロッパ軍事知識がどのように伝わっており、長篠の戦闘などに応用されたという可能性は興味深く、今後の研究が待たれる。
- In Japan, how European military knowledge was introduced into the people around Nobunaga and the possibility that the knowledge was applied to the Battle of Nagashino is interesting and remains to be proved.
- 円山・四条派(まるやま・しじょうは)は、江戸後期から京都で有名になった円山応挙を祖とする円山派と、松村呉春を祖とする四条派を合わせた呼び名である。
- Maruyama-Shijo School is a name collectively referring to Maruyama School founded by Okyo MARUYAMA and Shijo School founded by Goshun MATSUMURA, which became famous in Kyoto from the late Edo Period.
- 応仁の乱後に家督争いなどで没落したが戦国時代を乗り切った京極氏の一系統が、佐々木氏以来の家臣・与騎の一部を組み込んで近世大名となり転封を繰り返した。
- After the Onin War, they declined for the conflicts over the succession; however, one branch of the Kyogoku clan survived the Sengoku period; they incorporated some of the vassals and lower-ranking samurai warriors who had served the Sasaki clan, and at last became Kinsei Daimyo; however, their domain was frequently changed by the order of the shogunate.
- 70歳を超えても政務に精励したが、天応元年(781年)2月第一皇女能登内親王に先立たれてから心身ともに俄かに衰え、同年4月、病を理由に皇太子に譲位。
- The emperor persevered in affairs of state even after he became 70 years old, but after Imperial Princess Noto, his first Princess, died in February 781, he deteriorated suddenly both physically and mentally and abdicated the throne to his crown prince for health reasons in May of the same year.
- 1352年(文和元)、観応の擾乱における軍事兵粮の調達を目的に、国内の荘園・国衙領から年貢の半分を徴収することのできる半済の権利が守護に与えられた。
- In 1352, the shugo were given the right of hanzei to collect half the customs from the manor and the Kokuga's territory within the province, in order to secure military provisions for the Kanno-no-Joran (turmoil of the Kanno).
- 戦国時代 (日本)の始まりは長らく応仁の乱がきっかけとされてきたが、今日では明応の政変をきっかけにして戦国時代が始まったとする説が有力になっている。
- The view that the Sengoku period began with the Onin War was the dominant one for a long time, but recently the view holding that the Sengoku period began with the Meio Coup has become more prevalent.
- - 合成弓ともいい、モーメント応力を考え強度が必要な箇所を革や金属などで被い補強したものや、動物の腱を使い緊張力を付加する事により反発力を高めた弓。
- It is also called a composite bow, where parts are strengthened by covering them with leather or metal to withstand the stress of movement and to provide more force in propelling the arrow by using a tendon of animal for the bow string, adding tonicity.
- 円山派の祖である円山応挙の写生的画風に、四条派の祖である松村呉春が影響を受けているため、後世になってまとめて「円山・四条派」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Since Goshun MATSUMURA, the founder of Shijo School, was influenced in his painting style by the sketch style of Okyo MARUYAMA, the founder of Maruyama School, the two schools were later combined in name to be collectively called as 'Maruyama-Shijo School'.
- 応仁の乱の後は家督争いや浅井氏の台頭により衰退したが、京極高次、京極高知兄弟が戦国時代 (日本)を生き延び、外様大名として若狭国主、丹後国主となった。
- After the turmoil of the Onin War the Kyogoku clan was on the wane because of the in-house conflict for the family estate and the rise of Azai Clan, but Takatsugu KYOGOKU and the Takatomo KYOGOKU brothers survived in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan) and became the lord of Wakasa Province and the lord of Tango Province as tozama daimyo (outside lords).
- 当初は舞鶴西港に発着していたが、増大する輸送力に対応するため、1990年(平成2年)舞鶴東港に国内貿易の拠点埠頭として整備されたのが、前島埠頭である。
- Initially, the ferry arrived at and departed from Maizuru-Nishi Port (Maizuru West Port); Maejima Wharf was constructed in Maizuru-Higashi Port (Maizuru East Port) in 1990 as a core wharf for domestic trade and to cope with increased transportation occurring in Maizuru-Nishi Port.
- 貞観 (日本)13年(871年)に渤海使が来航すると、式部省であった季長はその接待にあたる掌渤海客使に任じられて、大内記都良香とともにこれに対応した。
- When an envoy from Balhae came to Japan in 871, Suenaga, who was the Junior Secretary of the Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) at that time, was appointed to an attendant for the envoy to welcome them, and he and MIYAKO no Yoshika, who was the Dainaiki (the senior secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), undertook this duty.
- 鎌倉時代末になると問丸は、港湾を所有する領主に隷属して仕事をするだけではなく、その港湾を利用する他の領主の要求にも応じ、年貢米の輸送管理を引き受けた。
- By the late Kamakura period, Toimaru functioned not only as subordinates to the landlords who owned the ports, but also as agents which managed the transports of nengumai as to meet the demands of other manor owners who used the ports.
- さらに東京大学など他大学の学生も呼応し、7月には16大学の参加により「大学自由擁護連盟」、さらに文化人200名が参加する「学芸自由同盟」が結成された。
- Other university students such as Tokyo University also supported the movement and the 'Daigaku Jiyu Yogo Renmei' (Association for University Freedom) with 16 participating universities and the 'Gakugei Jiyu Domei' (Arts Freedom Association) formed by 200 cultural leaders were established.
- これには朝廷内部でも不満を持つものが多く、嘉応2年(1170年)には摂政・松殿基房と平重盛との間で暴力沙汰に発展した紛争が起きている(殿下乗合事件)。
- This state of affairs had aroused resentment among many within the imperial court, until in 1170, the conflict between the Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO and TAIRA no Shigemori escalated into violence (the 'Riding together in His Highness's Carriage' incident).
- 臨時発兵とは、群盗海賊の発生に際し、国司からの奏上に応じて「発兵勅符」を国司へ交付し、国司は勅符に基づき国内の兵を発して群盗海賊を制圧する方式を指す。
- Rinji-hatsuhei indicated the following system: When an act of robbery or piracy occurred, the Imperial Court issued 'hatsuhei-chokufu' (an imperial order authorizing the mobilization of soldiers) corresponding to a request from a kokushi, and the kokushi sent soldiers in the province to combat the robbers or pirates.
- そこで受領は荘園への対抗手段として、主に軍事的に対応能力を有する武士身分の田堵負名に公領の経営と治安維持を委任することで、公領の維持を図ったのである。
- Consequently, as a measure against manors, zuryo entrusted the management of koryo and security duty mostly to the Tato fumyo with the samurai status who had military abilities, to maintain koryo.
- 寺社本所領事(じしゃほんじょりょうのこと)は、応安元年6月17日 (旧暦)(正平 (日本)23年/1368年7月2日)に室町幕府によって出された法令。
- 'Jisha honjoryo no koto' was a law enforced by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) on July 10, 1368.
- (一応の離脱理由は、泉湧寺塔中戒光寺の長老 湛然の仲介によって孝明天皇の御陵守護の任を拝命した事と、それに伴い薩摩、長州の動向を探るという事であった。
- (The reason given for the secession was that Kashitaro ITO was appointed as guard of Misasagi (Imperial mausoleum) of the Emperor Komei through the intermediation of Tannen, who was the elder of Kaiko-ji Temple that was tatchu (sub-temples in the site of main temple) of Sennyu-ji Temple, and, for the mission, had to keep an eye on the movements of Satsuma and Choshu.
- またたとえ少量でも、掛麹と掛米が入ってきたことは、酵母にとっては衝撃なので、添のあとは一日、その先の添加へ進まず酵母を放置して新しい環境に適応させる。
- Even if it is a small amount, the introduction of kakekoji and kakemai proves to be drastic for yeast, and yeast is laid aside for a day after soe to let it adapt itself to the new environment.
- 応仁の乱では細川勝元に与し、その功により播磨・備前・美作の3ヶ国を領する大大名にまで返り咲き、長享2年(1488年)には山名氏の勢力を播磨から駆逐した。
- In the Onin War, the clan supported Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and for this merit, it came back in power regaining the position of powerful daimyo (feudal lord) ruling the three provinces, Harima, Bizen and Mimasaka, then drove away the force of the Yamana clan in 1488.
- 編者は、洞院公定(とういん きんさだ、1340年 - 1399年)で、主に永和 (日本)3年(1377年)から応永2年(1395年)にかけて編纂された。
- The book was edited by Kinsada TOIN (1340-1399), and mainly compiled from 1377 to 1395.
- 伏見宮貞清親王(ふしみのみや さだきよしんのう、慶長元年(1596年) - 承応3年7月4日 (旧暦)(1654年8月16日))は、江戸時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadakiyo (1596 - August 16, 1654) was a member of the Imperial family in the early Edo period.
- 農兵隊には荘園時代の古例により四沙汰人を置き、第一陣「西軍」・第二陣「東軍」の2軍が目的別に編成され、両軍が慶応4年1月11日山国神社に集結し出陣した。
- This peasant army had four commanding officers, in accordance with the ancient precedent from back in the days where the region was a shoen (private estate), and was split into two companies, the Western and Eastern Companies, which were composed with different goals in mind; both companies assembled and were formed on February 4, 1868 at Yamaguni Shrine.
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- 堺市(大阪府堺市)や博多(福岡県福岡市)などでは会合衆を中心に自治的な都市運営を行っており、応仁の乱以後は武装して防衛をしており自治的性格をもっていた。
- Cities like Sakai (part of the Osaka metropolitan area today) and Hakata (the modern-day Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture) were free cities self-governed largely by the egoshu, associations of merchants, and beginning with the Onin War, such cities armed themselves and bolstered their defensive capabilities, developing quite an autonomous, free spirit.
- 義材は前将軍義尚の政策を踏襲し、丹波国、山城国など、畿内における国一揆に対応するため、1491年(延徳3年)、六角討伐を継承するなど軍事的強化を図った。
- Yoshiki followed the policies of the former shogun Yoshihisa and tried to increase his military strength, by taking over the campaign against the Rokkaku house in 1491 to deal with uprisings like in Tanba and Yamashiro provinces in the Kinai region.
- また、日用品も、現代では多くが大企業の工場で作られるようになったが、その技術も、古くから培われてきた伝統工芸品の技術を応用して生産されているものが多い。
- Although many daily necessities came to be produced at plants of major companies presently, to the technique of production, the technique of traditional crafts accumulated from old times is often applied.
- 食用米と同じように、気候・土壌などそれぞれに好適な栽培環境があること(現地適応性)も重要な性質の一つで、同種であっても産地によって品質の違いが生まれる。
- As with food rice, it's important that each has a suitable cultivating environment, including the climate and soil (area adaptive nature), so the difference in quality occurs depending on the growing district even if the breed is the same.
- 当日はネオンや照明灯などの灯火を自粛するよう京都市から呼びかけが行われるため、8月16日とサンガのホームゲームが重複する際は以下のような対応がとられた。
- Because Kyoto City requests cooperation to exercise self-control over lighting such as neon signs and illuminations that day, if the day on which Sanga would host a home game fell on August 16, it coped with the request as follows:
- しかし、「意富富杼(おほほど)=大ホド」は継体の「袁本杼=小ホド」と対応する名であることから、本来の系譜には継体の兄として位置付けられていた可能性もある。
- However, since the written characters of Prince Ohodo, '意富富杼' (Ohodo meaning large hodo), correspond to the characters of Keitai, '袁本杼' (Ohoso meaning small hodo), the possibility remains that Prince Ohodo was positioned as an elder brother of Keitai in the original genealogy table.
- 伏見宮邦道親王(ふしみのみや くにみちしんのう、寛永18年(1641年) - 承応3年7月20日 (旧暦)(1654年9月1日))は、江戸時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kunimichi (1641 - September 1, 1654) was a member of the Imperial family in the early Edo period.
- 記紀によると、先代の武烈天皇に後嗣がなかったため、越前(近江国とも)から「応神天皇5世の孫」である継体天皇が迎えられ、群臣の要請に従って即位したとされる。
- According to Kiki (Kojiki and Nihonshoki), Emperor Keitai, 'the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin' was received from Echizen Province (or Omi Province) and took the throne in conformity with the request of a crowd of his subjects because the late Emperor Buretsu did not have an inheritor.
- 2006年9月17日、韓国軍の戦史編纂研究所は、李氏朝鮮までの軍事戦略を分析した資料3冊を発刊し、うち「朝鮮時代の軍事戦略」編で応永の外寇の分析を行った。
- On September 17, 2006, three volumes analyzing military strategy as far back as Joseon-era Korea were published by a research group that compiles Korean military annals, one of which (a 'compilation of Joseon-era military strategy') exmines the Oei Invasion.
- 南朝方は名和長年・結城親光・千種忠顕のほか、北畠顕家・新田義貞らが1338年(延元3年/暦応元年)までに次々と戦死し、軍事的に北朝方が圧倒的に優位に立つ。
- By 1338 the Southern Court faction had seen its military leaders, including Nagatoshi NAWA, Chikamitsu YUKI, and Tadaaki CHIGUSA, and in addition Akiie KITABATAKE and Yoshisada NITTA, die in battle one after the other, and were overwhelmingly outmatched militarily by the Northern Court faction.
- 南朝は、北朝が保持していた三種の神器(南朝は贋物であると主張)を渡し、政権を返上することなどを条件に和睦に応じ、10月には尊氏は南朝に降伏して綸旨を得る。
- The Southern Court agreed to peace under conditions such as the return of the Three Sacred Treasures that the Northern Court held (the Southern Court claimed that they had fakes in their possession) and the administration, and in October, Takauji surrendered to the Southern Court and received the Imperial order.
- 白河は応徳3年(1086年)に当時8歳の善仁皇子(堀河天皇)へ譲位し太上天皇(上皇)となったが、幼帝を後見するため白川院と称して、引き続き政務に当たった。
- In 1086, Shirakawa abdicated to Imperial Prince Taruhito (Emperor Horikawa), who was then eight years old; he named himself Shirakawa-in and became Dajo Emperor (Joko), but to oversee the young Emperor he continued the conduct of political affairs.
- 豊臣秀吉の死後、次の天下人の座を狙う徳川家康は慶長5年(1600年)、度重なる上洛命令に応じない会津の上杉景勝を逆臣として討伐すべく、会津攻めを開始した。
- After the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was seeking the post of tenkabito (the ruler of the kingdom), began invading the Aizu Domain to attack Kagekatsu UESUGI's army in 1600, claiming that UESUGI was a treacherous retainer who rebelled against the administrative authority because he had often ignored the order to go to the capital.
- 弘茂は幕府の援軍とともに盛見を攻めてこれを追うが、応永8年(1401年)に九州で盛見は再挙し、数度の合戦の後、弘茂は佐加利山城(下関市長府)で滅ぼされた。
- Hiroshige, together with shogunal reinforcements, attacked and drove Morimi away, but in 1401 Morimi raised a new army in Kyushu and made another attempt to win back the Ouchi lands, and after several battles between them, Morimi destroyed Hiroshige at Sakariyama Castle (in modern-day Chufu ward of the city of Shimonoseki).
- 尊観(そんかん、貞和5年/正平 (日本)4年(1349年)- 応永7年10月24日 (旧暦)(1400年11月10日))は、南北朝時代 (日本)の時宗の僧。
- Sonkan (1349 - November 19, 1400) was a priest of the Ji sect during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 天応 (日本)元年(781年)4月15日 (旧暦)には山部親王が即位して桓武天皇となり、延暦2年(783年)2月5日 (旧暦)には無位から正三位に叙される。
- On May 16, 781, Prince Yamanobe ascended the throne as Emperor Kanmu and, on March 16, 783, she was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) from no rank.
- 領家はほとんどの場合、中央に在していたため、現地で紛争が発生した時は、その対応を荘官へ任せたり、御使(おんし)という使者を派遣して対応させることが多かった。
- Since ryoke mostly resided in the central areas, when disputes or trouble erupted in local areas, ryoke usually had shokan deal with them, or dispatched an envoy called onshi to solve the situation.
- 院宣は私的な文書としての性格が強く、即応性・柔軟性の高い文書だったのに対して、院庁下文は、詔勅・太政官符のように、重要事項について対応するための文書だった。
- While Inzen took the strong nature of the personal documents of the cloistered emperor and was quickly responsive and flexible, In no cho kudashibumi was to deal with important affairs, as was the case of Shochoku or Daijokanpu.
- 「江戸無血開城」に成功し、事実上幕府を滅亡させた新政府の東海道軍を率いる西郷隆盛は、旧幕府穏健派の勝海舟との関係から、彰義隊への対応の甘さが指摘されていた。
- Takamori SAIGO, the commander of the Tosando-gun army of the new government which successfully brought about the bloodless surrender and virtually abolished the Shogunate, was criticized for his leniency toward the Shogi-tai because of his relationship with Kaishu KATSU, a soft-liner from the former Shogunate.
- やがて、両者の対立は全国の大名の兵力(享徳の乱の最中の関東を除く)を政治の中心地である京都に結集して遂に大規模な軍事衝突を引き起こしたこれが応仁の乱である。
- Eventually, the conflict between each side led to all the daimyo in the country (except for daimyo from the Kanto during the Kyotoku Rebellion) concentrating their military forces in Kyoto, the governmental capital, until at last, with these large-scale armies in such proximity, armed conflict was inevitable, and the Onin War began.
- 嘉応2年(1170年)後白河は福原山荘にて宋人と対面しているが、これは宇多天皇の遺戒でタブーとされた行為であり、九条兼実は「我が朝、延喜以来未曾有の事なり。
- In 1170, Goshirakawa met a person from Song at the Fukuhara mountain retreat, but this was an act that was considered taboo because of Emperor Uda's will and Kanezane KUJO wrote with astonishment, 'This is the most shocking event in Japan since Engi era.
- 正応2年(1289年)にはこれも幕府の指名により伏見の第1皇子胤仁(2歳)が皇太子に立てられ、さらに同年後深草の皇子久明親王が鎌倉殿として幕府に迎えられた。
- In 1289, also by designation of the bakufu, Fushimi's first son, Tanehito (aged 2) was installed as Crown Prince and during the same year, Gofukakusa's son Imperial Prince Hisaaki was greeted as the head of the Kamakura Shogunate.
- 応永35年(1428年)、足利義持が死に、弟・足利義教が将軍に就くと、義教の寵愛は音阿弥に注がれ、本家である世阿弥・元雅父子は強い圧迫を受けることとなった。
- In 1428, when Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA died and his younger brother Yoshinori ASHIKAGA took the shogunate position, Yoshinori's favor was poured only into Onami, and Zeami and his son Motomasa came to be exposed to strong pressure.
- 興国元年/暦応3年(1340年)、道誉と長男の佐々木秀綱は、家臣が光厳天皇の弟である妙法院の御所の僧兵に殴打された事を怒り、御所に火をかけ建仁寺を延焼させる。
- In 1340, Doyo and his eldest son Hidetsuna SASAKI got angry about an incident where their subjects were beat up by soldier priests of the Imperial Court of Myohoin, who was the youngest brother of Emperor Kogen, and set fire to the Imperial Court to burn down Kennin-ji Temple.
- しかし応永2年(1395年)、足利義満は出家、滿仁は出家する気は毛頭なかったが、上記のように弱みを握られていたため、同年7月2日に無理矢理出家に追い込まれた。
- In 1395, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA became a priest while prince Mitsuhito did not at all wish to become one, however, on July 27 of the same year, he was forced to become a priest.
- 京都全体を戦乱に巻き込んだ応仁の乱の影響で、日本の宮廷文化は混乱するが、このとき位階以上の貴族の冠に用いる有文羅(うもんら/模様を織り出した羅)の技法が散逸。
- As the Onin War dragged the whole Kyoto into the war, Japanese Court culture became disordered, and they lost the technique of umonra (ra woven in a pattern), which was used for Court caps for the nobilities whose ranks were the Fifth Rank or higher.
- このように室町時代以降、武士内部に複雑な身分階層が成立していったが、これらは拡大した武士身分の範囲が一応確定された江戸時代の武士内部の身分制度に結実している。
- Likewise, after the Muromachi period, complicated stratification by class formed in bushi, but the expanded range of the samurai status led to the temporarily fixed class system in bushi during the Edo period.
- 慶応3年末、薩摩藩の大久保利通や公家の岩倉具視らの働きで発せられた王政復古 (日本)により、大阪に退いていた前徳川将軍家・徳川慶喜に対し辞官納地が命ぜられた。
- At the end of 1867, jikan-nochi (resignation from the government post and retrocession of the domain) was ordered against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the former Tokugawa Shogunate family, who had retreated to Osaka due to the restoration of Imperial rule (in Japan), was initiated by Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma domain and the court noble, Tomomi IWAKURA.
- 普通のたい焼きの表面の色は表面の糖分による(メイラード反応)によるもので、澱粉(タピオカなど)に置換え、表面の色を白くしたもの(白いタイヤキ)も売られている。
- The surface color of regular taiyaki is due to the effect of sugar contained in the batter (the Maillard reaction), although white taiyaki which are whitened using starch (tapioca etc.) are also available.
- 常盤井宮滿仁親王(ときわいのみやみつひとしんのう、文和3年/正平 9年(1354年) - 応永33年10月8日 (1426年11月7日))は室町時代前期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Mitsuhito (1354 - November 16, 1426) was a member of the Imperial family during the Muromachi period.
- 軍事動員を必要とするときは、国衙から太政官へ上申し、太政官から「発兵勅符」を得た上で、国衙が国内の各戸から兵を徴発したり健児を動員するという方式で対応していた。
- When military mobilization was required, kokuga (provincial government offices) reported to the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), received 'a charter to send troops' from the Daijokan, and conscripted soldiers from domestic households or mobilized kondei (regular soldiers guarding kokubu (ancient provincial offices) or sekisho (checking stations)).
- 年貢については、石高を村落全体で集計した村高(むらだか)に応じた額が、村の年貢量とされ、年貢納入は村落が一括納入の義務を負う村請(むらうけ)の形態が採用された。
- The murauke system (a village's collective responsibility for tax payment) was established in order to collect the nengu from the village as a collective unit, in which an amount of nengu was determined from the total kokudaka of the entire village.
- 15世紀後期、応仁の乱から明応の政変にかけて、幕府の支配体制が流動化していくと、守護代や有力国人が守護に代わって、領国支配の実権を握る例も見られるようになった。
- With unrest spreading over the ruling system of the bakufu in the period of the Onin War to the Meio Coup in the late 15th century, some shugo-dai and influential kokujin held real power in ruling the territories instead of shugo.
- また、青森県弘前市ではリンゴの剪定技術をソメイヨシノの剪定管理に応用するなどして樹勢回復に取り組んだ結果、多くのソメイヨシノの樹勢を回復することに成功している。
- Additionally, in Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, due to the use of apple-tree pruning techniques on Someiyoshino as a means to recover their vitality, many Someiyoshino have returned to health.
- 1999年度までは各応援団の団太鼓の使用を許可していたが、1999年度のステージにおいて団太鼓の大音量で、新幹線の感震器を反応させ停めるという珍事を起こした。.
- The use of taiko drums of each cheerleading club was permitted until 1999; however, so much noise of taiko drums on the stage caused such an accident that a vibration sensor was activated making the Shinkansen stop.
- この性質に着目して、着火した蚊取り線香をガラス繊維の網で両端から挟み込み固定することで、傾斜や振動に対応し、蚊取り線香を容易に持ち運び可能にしたものも存在する。
- To take advantage of this property, a portable kayariki that can be used on a slope or in a place with vibrations is available; clipping an ignited repellent stick by glass fiber nets on both sides.
- 義明は古河公方と後北条氏が結びつくのを食い止めるため、1538年に真里谷信応や里見義堯ら房総の諸大名による軍勢を率いて北条氏綱・足利晴氏連合軍との決戦を決意する。
- To prevent Koga-kubo and the Gohojo clan from joining forces, Yoshiaki decided in 1538 to lead the armies of Nobumasa MARIYA, Yoshitaka SATOMI, and other feudal lords from the Boso Peninsula into a decisive battle against the allied forces of Ujitsuna HOJO and Haruuji ASHIKAGA.
- 実仁親王(さねひとしんのう、延久3年2月10日 (旧暦)(1071年3月14日) - 応徳2年11月8日 (旧暦)(1085年11月27日))は、平安時代の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Sanehito (March 20, 1071 - December 3, 1085) was a member of the Imperial Family during the Heian period.
- 戊辰戦争中の慶応4年(1868年)、彰義隊に擁立された頃、または奥羽越列藩同盟に迎えられた頃、親王は東武皇帝あるいは東武天皇として皇位に推戴されたという説がある。
- There is a theory that, during the Boshin War in 1868, when Prince Yoshihisa was put up by shogitai or when he was accepted in Ouetsu-reppan alliance, he was raised to the Imperial Throne as the Emperor Tobu (Tobu Kotei or Tobu Tenno).
- また、応神二十年九月条に「倭の漢直の祖阿知使主(あちのおみ)、其の子都加使主、並びに己が党類十七県を率て、来帰り」とあって、多くの渡来人があったことを伝えている。
- Furthermore, the paragraph titled October, 289 describes that 'Achi no omi, the ancester of Yamato no aya no atai, his son Tsuka no omi, and his relatives from seventeen provinces came over,' suggesting that there were many settlers.
- さらにこの氷川神社群は秩父神社群(北斗七星(=アメノトリフネ、ウケフネ)の形に並んでいる)と比企郡ときがわ町の萩日吉神社において一点で交わり一対一で対応している。
- Furthermore, this Hikawa-jinja Shrine group is located on the other side of the Chichibu-jinja Shrine group (aligned in the shape of the Big Dipper = Amenotorifune, Ukefune) crossing the Hagihiyoshi-jinja Shrine in Tokigawa-cho, Hiki-gun.
- 平成時代へと突入した1990年代、コンビニエンスストアが地方でも一般的になり温かい弁当が一般化すると、駅弁でも化学反応を利用して加熱できるタイプのものが登場した。
- In the 1990's when the Heisei period started, convenience stores as well as warm bentos became popular in local areas, Ekiben heated by chemical reaction became available.
- そのように、相手が抵抗しない、相手の攻撃は前もってわかっている稽古だけで、実際の自由な攻防(相手は抵抗する、相手の攻撃はわからない)への対応力が養えているか疑問。
- It is questionable whether the skill to respond to actual free offense and defense (the opponent resists, and the opponent's attack is unknown) is built solely through training in which the opponent doesn't resist and the opponent's attack is known in advance.
- 『古事記』には応神天皇(『新撰姓氏録』によれば仁徳天皇)の御世に来朝した百済人の須須許里(すすこり)が大御酒(おおみき)を醸造して天皇に献上したという記述がある。
- In 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), there is a description that Susukori, a man coming from Baekje in the era of the Emperor Ojin (according to 'Shinsen Shojiroku' [Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility], the Emperor Nintoku), brewed omiki (sacred sake) and presented it to the Emperor.
- 尊氏が直義の養子足利直冬討伐のために西国向かうと、その隙をついて1351年(正平6年 / 観応2年)に足利義詮を追い京都を奪回するが、尊氏の帰京と共に京を追われる。
- When takauji headed for Saigoku to subjugate Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, an adopted child of Tadayoshi, Emperor Gomurakami seized the opportunity to expel Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and regained Kyoto, but when Takauji came back to Kyoto, he was ousted from Kyoto.
- 「上宮記」には、「凡牟都和希王(応神) ― 若野毛二俣王 ― 大郎子(意富富杼王) ― 乎非王(私斐王) ― 斯王 ― 乎富等大公王(継体)」の文章系譜が記される。
- In 'Joguki,' there was a written genealogy, 'Homutawake no Miko (Ojin) –Wakanuke futamata no Miko - Oiratsuko (Ohodo no Okimi) - Oi no Okimi (Oi no Okimi [私斐王]) - Okimi - Odo no Okimi (Keitai).'
- だが成氏も享徳の乱を起こして、古河城に逃れて古河公方を名乗り、更に上杉氏は山内上杉家と扇谷上杉家に分裂したため、応仁の乱が始まるよりも前に関東地方は騒乱状態となる。
- However, Shigeuji also raised the Kyotoku Rebellion and escaped to Koga-jo Castle, where he named himself Koga-kubo (古河公方), and as the Uesugi clan split into the Yamanouchi Uesugi and Ogigayatsu Uesugi families, the Kanto region was in a state of turbulence before the Onin War started.
- また、刻んだホウレンソウやニンジンといった緑黄色野菜を溶き卵に加えて焼く、ウナギを中に入れて巻く(う巻き)などのものも知られており、いろいろと応用が利く料理である。
- It is easy to create variations by adding spinach, carrot and other colorful vegetables to the egg mixture; also, it can be used to roll up with a filling such as in a dish called umaki, in which shredded pieces of broiled eel are rolled in the center of layers of egg.
- また、茅の輪の左右に設置する笹竹に願い事を書いた短冊を振下げ、七夕に河川に流すといった俗信仰は、書初めをどんどん焼きで焚くと筆が上達するといった行事と対応している。
- The communal worship that tanzaku (long, narrow card) cards on which a wish is written are hung up on small bamboos provided on the right and left sides of the kaya grass hoop and the bamboos are thrown into a river on the Tanabata festival corresponds to the event in which kakizome (New Year's writing, resolution) is burnt in the Dondon-yaki (a Shinto blessing of objects that have been a part of a celebration but are now debris consuming by fire from the 14th to the 16th of the lunar New Year) to improve writing.
- 歴史を感じさせる享保雛、草木染の段飾り雛人形、まゆ雛、土雛、木目込み五段飾りのお雛様、慶応から平成までの歴代段飾りのお雛様など、時代を超えて様々なお雛様が見られる。
- Various hina dolls throughout the ages are displayed, such as Kyoho-bina, which has a historical air, a tiered-display of hina dolls of plant dyeing, Mayu-bina (made by painting a cocoon to make it look like a hina doll), Tsuchi-bina (ceramic hina dolls), a five-tier display of wooden hina dolls with Japanese costumes made from cloth with the edges tucked into grooves in the wood, and a tiered-display of successive hina dolls from the Keio era until the Heisei period.
- 北条氏の得宗専制体制は強化されるが、元寇以後には、元寇の戦功に応じた恩賞を受けられず没落する御家人が増加し、執権の地位は有名無実化し、諸国では悪党の活動が活発化する。
- Although the Tokuso autocracy system of the Hojo clan had been strengthened, after the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, there was an increase of in the number of gokenin who became bankrupt having received no reward in return for their service in repelling the Mongol invasion attempts; consequently, the position of regent became symbolic and gangsters increased their activities in various provinces.
- 琵琶湖には室町時代の明応9年(1500年)近衛政家が中国の瀟湘八景にならって選んだとされる近江八景があり、歌川広重の浮世絵に美しく表現され、近世において有名となった。
- With respect to Lake Biwa, there is Omi Hakkei (Eight Views of Omi) which is said to have been selected by Masaie KONOE in the Muromachi Period in 1500 following Shosho Hakkei (Eight views of the Xiao and the Xiang in China) and they were expressed in Ukiyoe by Hiroshige UTAGAWA and became famous in early-modern times.
- 伏見宮邦尚親王(ふしみのみや くになりしんのう、元和 (日本)元年(1615年) - 承応2年11月29日 (旧暦)(1654年1月17日))は、江戸時代初期の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya Kuninari (1615 - January 17, 1654) was a member of the Imperial family who lived in the early Edo period.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- 世宗実録で自ら敗戦と明記していることや、『世宗実録』1420年閏1月10日には「時応界都が言うには(曰)」と記録されており、上記の降伏文書にあたるものは見あたらない。
- The True Record of King Sejong's Reign expressly states that the invasion ended in military defeat, and it also contains an entry for the tenth day of the intercalary first month of 1420 that says, 'What Shiokatsu had said was indeed spoken;' yet no mention is made of the content of the above-mentioned document of capitulation.
- 1404年(応永11年)以降は日本に対して交付される貿易許可証である勘合符を所持する事で倭寇と区別し、正式な遣明使船である事が確認できる勘合船に限られるようになった。
- After 1404, the Ming Dynasty distinguished the official traders from wako by issuing Kangofu to Japan, limiting the trade to the kangosen (trading vessels with Kangofu between Japan and the Ming in the Muromachi period) because it was easily confirmed as an official vessel of Kenminshi (Japanese envoys to Ming Dynasty China).
- 治承4年(1180年)、皇位継承がほぼ絶望となった以仁王が、摂津源氏である源頼政の勧めに応じて、平氏追討・安徳天皇の廃位・新政権の樹立を計画した令旨を発して挙兵する。
- In 1180, following the recommendation of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa of the Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan), Prince Mochihito, who had virtually no chance of becoming emperor now, raised forces and issued a call to plan an attack on the Taira clan, abolish Emperor Antoku, and establish a new government.
- この越後騒動後、越前松平家の宗家は忠直の弟松平忠昌が継ぎ、嫡流で忠直の嫡男松平光長は嫡家と称されたが、嫡家は嫡宗権を持たず、相応の礼を賜るに留まったというものである。
- After this Echigo-sodo (Echigo scandal), the Soke of the Echizen-MATSUDAIRA family was succeeded by Tadamasa MATSUDAIRA, Tadanao's younger brother, and Mitsunaga, Tadanao's eldest son, was respected as Chakuke but not allowed to govern the whole family.
- これに対して苦情の電話を入れるとよく「今出ました」と言い訳されるといわれており、このことに例えて物事の遅延に対する安易な応対や言い訳を「そば屋の出前」と称されている。
- It is said that soba restaurants often answer phone calls complaining of late deliveries by saying that 'It has just been sent,' and therefore simplistic excuses for delays are called 'soba-ya no demae.'
- そんな最中の応仁2年(1468年)、室町幕府御蔵奉行が花の御所再建のために調達した木材を運搬する船団が上乗を払わない事を理由に堅田衆によって積荷を差し押さえたのである。
- In 1468, under such a situation, Katata-shu seized the cargo of the fleet that was carrying wood because the shipowners refused to pay Uwanori: Okura Bugyo (the magistrate of storehouse) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had ordered the wood in order to reestablish 'Hana no gosho' (residence of Shogun in Kyoto).
- 日朗は高齢ゆえに弟子日印を出し、文保2年(1318年)12月30日から翌元応元年(1319年)9月15日にかけて題目宗と日本仏教全宗派と法論を戦わせた(鎌倉殿中問答)。
- Nichiro was so old that he sent his pupil, Nichiin to have a debate between Daimoku sect and every other sect of Japanese Buddhism during the period from January 30, 1319 to November 5, 1319 (Kamakura denchu mondo Dialogue).
- 弘安3年(1280年)、正応2年(1289年)5月の2回に渡り七条院領を後宇多天皇に進献したが、正和3年(1314年)7月に後醍醐天皇から一部(17カ所)を還付される。
- Twice in 1280 and May 1289, he gifted the estate of Shichijoin-Ryo to Emperor Gouda, however, in July, 1314, part of them (17 places) were returned by Emperor Godaigo to the prince.
- 皇族身位令(明治43年皇室令第2号、皇室令及附属法令廃止ノ件(昭和22年皇室令第12号)により廃止)では、皇族はそれぞれの身位に応じ、叙勲任官を受けることとされていた。
- In the Act of Imperial Family Status (the Imperial Families' Act No.2 of 1910 which was eliminated by Abolition of the Imperial Families' Act and Attached Ordinance [the Imperial Families' Act No.12 of 1947]), the Imperial family were bestowed appointments and orders according to their statuses.
- ただし、応神から継体に至る中間4代の系譜について『記紀』では省略されており、辛うじて鎌倉時代の『釈日本紀』に引用された『上宮記』逸文という史料によって知ることが出来る。
- The four generations from Ojin to Keitai is omitted in the genealogy of 'Kiki', and the only historical material on them is the barely surviving fragment of 'Joguki', quoted in 'Shaku Nihongi' which was established in Kamakura period.
- 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
- It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.
- また、中世になり武門の家が確立した後でも、それとは別に朝廷の武官に相当する職種が一応存在したが、たとえこの官職を得ても、武士身分出身でなければ武士とは認められなかった。
- And even after the military families were established in medieval times, apart from this, the post corresponding to the military officer in the Imperial Court existed, but he could not be admitted as bushi unless coming from samurai status even though he got the government post.
- 韓国人の間では、対馬は朝鮮王朝の属国であり、韓国に領有権があるとの主張がなされることがあるが、その根拠の一つに、応永の外寇における対馬への『倭寇討伐』が上げられている。
- Some Koreans advance the claim that Tsushima was a vassal state of Korea during the Joseon dynasty and should therefore be under South Korea's territorial control; proponents of this view cite 'the military expedition to suppress the Wako' that was sent against Tsushima during the Oei Invasion as proof of this.
- 巡爵とは、太政官において式部・民部・外記・史記など特定の部署に属する六位の官人の中から、1人を年労即ち在職年数に応じて毎月正月の除目において従五位に叙爵することをいう。
- Junshaku is promoting one of the government officials of the sixth rank belonging to the divisions of Shikibu, Minbu (popular affairs), Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), or Shiki to Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank), in accordance with tenure (the number of years in service), at Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) performed by Daijokan (Grand Council of State) on every New Year's day.
- 『承久記』など旧来の説では、これは「官打ち」(身分不相応な位にのぼると不幸になるという考え)などの呪詛調伏の効果であり、後鳥羽上皇は実朝の死を聞いて喜悦したとしている。
- According to the explanation given in the 'Jokyu ki' (Chronicle of the Jokyu Era) and other ancient sources, this resulted from the curse of 'getting too big for one's breeches' (the idea that if someone rose to an official post beyond what was appropriate for them, disaster would occur); when the retired Emperor Gotoba heard of Sanetomo's death, he was inordinately pleased.
- 戊辰戦争(ぼしんせんそう、慶応4年/明治元年 - 明治2年(1868年 - 1869年))は、王政復古 (日本)で成立した明治新政府が江戸幕府勢力を一掃した日本の内戦。
- The Boshin War from 1868 to 1869 was a civil war in Japan in which the new Meiji government, brought about by the restoration of the Japanese monarchy, eradicated the power of the Edo Shogunate.
- フロイス「日本史」によれば、変の直前の天正10年5月15日 家康が戦勝祝賀のために武田の降将の穴山信君(梅雪)の随伴で信長を安土城に訪ねた際、当初、光秀が饗応役となった。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois, when Ieyasu visited Nobunaga on June 15, 1582, immediately before the Incident in Azuchi-jo Castle accompanied by Nobukimi (Baisetsu) ANAYAMA, who was a surrendered warlord from the Takeda clan to celebrate the victory in the battle Mitsuhide was at first appointed to the position of marshal.
- 義満は奉公衆と呼ばれる軍事力を整え、有力守護大名の山名氏や大内氏を挑発してそれぞれ明徳の乱、応永の乱で追討し、将軍権力を固めて、南北朝合一を行い天皇に迫る権力を確立する。
- Yoshimitsu also formed an auxiliary military force, called the Hokoshu, and worked to provoke two influential shugo daimyo families, the Yamana clan in the Meitoku Rebellion and the Ouchi clan in the Oei Rebellion, successfully suppressing both, and thereby strengthened the power of the bakufu, managing to unify the Northern and Southern Courts and eventually superceding the emperor's authority.
- 12代菊池武時は後醍醐天皇の綸旨に応じ、阿蘇惟直・少弐貞経・大友貞宗をさそって鎮西探題北条英時を博多に襲ったが、貞経・貞宗の裏切りによって善戦空しく鎮西探題館内で戦死した。
- The 12th head, Taketoki KIKUCHI responded to the rinji (Imperial command) of the Emperor Godaigo, he attacked Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu) of Hidetoki HOJO in Hakata, with Korenori ASO, Sadatsune SHONI and Sadamune Otomo, but he was betrayed by Sadatsune and Sadamune, and died in battle within the premise of Chinzei tandai after fighting bravely.
- 隆備ははじめ佐幕派であったが、禁門の変で御所の警備を務めた頃から次第に官軍側に与するようになり、慶応4年(1868年)1月には西園寺公望を通じていち早く新政府側に帰順した。
- Takamoto initially supported the shogun, but began to lean towards the government army side after serving as a guard of the old imperial palace during the Hamaguri Rebellion, and, in January 1868, he quickly took the side of the new government with the help of Kinmochi SAIONJI.
- やがて、真里谷氏内部で真里谷信隆と真里谷信応兄弟による家督争いが起こると、義明は里見義堯を自派に引き入れて信応を支持して信隆を追放するなど、巧みに真里谷氏の争いに介入する。
- After a while, a successive dispute occurred within the Mariya clan between Nobutaka MARIYA & his younger half brother Nobumasa MARIYA. When Yoshiaki intervened in the dispute, he brought Yoshitaka SATOMI to his side, backed up Nobumasa, and expelled Nobutaka.
- 興国 天皇(こうこく てんのう、1328年(嘉暦3年)9月 - 1397年(応永4年)3月)は、戦後、南朝 (日本)正統を主張した三浦芳聖の遠祖で、三浦皇統家第二代の天皇。
- Emperor Kokoku (September 1328 - March 1397) was an ancestor of Yoshimasa MIURA, who advocated the Legitimate Succession of the Southern Court after World War II, and was the second Emperor of the MIURA Imperial Line.
- 新鮮な獣や鳥の肉・魚を切り取って生のまま食べることは人類の歴史とともに始まったと言ってよいが、人類の住むそれぞれの環境に応じて、生食の習慣は或いは残り、或いは廃れていった。
- It is safe to say that humans have eaten raw meat and fish throughout their evolution, but the practice was either continued or abandoned by different groups depending on the environments in which they lived.
- また、仁賢の子の武烈天皇も跡継ぎがなく、応神天皇5世の孫とされる継体天皇が王位に就いているが、これにより仁徳以降の血統が途絶えていることから、王朝交代があったとする説もある。
- Also, Emperor Buretsu, son of Emperor Ninken, did not have a heir, and Emperor Ketai, who is said to be a descendant of five generations counting from Emperor Ojin, succeeded the throne, but since the blood line from Emperor Nintoku had been broken off by this, there is also a theory that a change of Dynasty took place.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、鳥羽・伏見の戦いののち、公現入道親王は幕府の依頼を受けて東征大総督・有栖川宮熾仁親王を駿府に訪ね、新政府に前将軍徳川慶喜の助命と東征中止の嘆願を行う。
- In 1868, after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, monk-Prince Kogen visited Tosei Daisotoku (the Great Governor-General in charge of the military expedition to the east) Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito in Sunpu at the request of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and asked for the previous Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's life and the cancellation of tosei (military expedition to the east) to a new government.
- 「日本という国名は、天皇と密接に繋がっており、オウム国家を表すものとしては相応しくない。よって以下の国号に変更するのが望ましい。真理国、オウム国、神聖真理国、太陽寂静国。」。
- Japan as a name of a country has close connection with the Emperor, so it is not suitable to represent the Aum state. Therefore, it would be preferable to call it as follows: Shinri-koku (Country of Truth), Aum-koku (Country of Aum), Shinsei-Aum-koku (Sacred Aum Country) or Taiyoseijyaku-koku (Serene country with the sun).'
- 歴史学界では、1950年代の壬申の乱計画・非計画論争を経て、大海人皇子が駅鈴を求めたのは高坂王の反応をうかがい、あわよくば自らの移動に役立てるためであったとする説が定着した。
- In history societies, a theory that Prince Oama called for ekirei in order to look for Takasaka no Okimi's reaction and use him to help their transportation if possible, became established after an argument over the Jinshin war was planned or unplanned in 1950's.
- 俘囚と公民百姓の差異に対応するため、812年(弘仁3)、朝廷は国司に対し、俘囚の中から優れた者を夷俘長に専任し、俘囚社会における刑罰権を夷俘長に与える旨の命令を発出している。
- To erase the differences between the Fushu and the public peasants, in 812 the Imperial Court issued an order to the kokushi to select competent persons from the Fushu as full-time Ifucho (leaders of Ifu) who would exercise their punitive authority for crimes in Fushu society.
- これらの動きにより、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。
- As a result of such movements, jito that held the right of ryoke shiki (as an economical right as a lord of manor) and ryoke that held Jitoshiki appeared, with the conventional structure beginning to collapse and the role of ryoke shiki or jito shiki would greatly change.
- そして幕府の管領家で堺を貿易の拠点にしていた細川氏や、山口市を本拠に博多、応仁の乱で得た兵庫などに権益を持っていた大内氏がそれぞれ独自に使節団を派遣した貿易を経営をはじめた。
- The Hosokawa clan, who was a kanrei family (family in the position of the shogunal deputy) and conducted trade from Sakai, and the Ouchi clan based in Yamaguchi City, who had interests in Hakata, and Hyogo that they obtained during the Onin War, each conducted trading separately and dispatched their own delegations.
- 江戸時代も中期に差し掛かると、世の中は平和になる一方で社会が発展するにつれて新たな社会問題も生じ、古い戦国期以来の法体系を継承した従来の幕藩法体系では対応出来なくなってきた。
- By mid-Edo period, while the world became peaceful and as society developed, new social issues emerged that could not be dealt with by the traditional shogunate system of law that succeeded the ancient system after the warring states period.
- 近江屋事件(おうみやじけん)は、幕末の慶応3年11月15日 (旧暦)(1867年12月10日)に坂本龍馬と中岡慎太郎が京都河原町近江屋井口新助邸において暗殺された事件のこと。
- The Omiya Incident occurred at the end of the Edo period during the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, on December 10, 1867 (November 15 according to the old calendar) when Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA were killed at Omiya, the home of Shinsuke IGUCHI in Kawara-machi, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 服装がふんどし締め込みとなる博多や飯塚に於いて、アマチュアカメラマンが撮影した写真がフォトコンテストに応募されたり、健全なHP、ブログ、画像掲示板、等に送信される場合が多い。
- Many amateur photographers who took pictures in Hakata or Iizuka where parade participants wear a fundoshi shimekomi (loincloth), enter photography contests or upload them to ordinary websites, weblogs, image boards and so on.
- 最終日、議論はほとんど決裂の様相を呈していたが、九州の祝部範士から出された妥協案「正面打起し・斜面打起しの中間的方法」を採用する事で一同は賛成を表明、これで一応の決定を得た。
- On the final day, the discussion seemed to break down, all agreed to adopt the compromise proposal of 'an intermediate method for Shomen-uchiokoshi and Shamen-uchiokoshi' presented by Hanshi Noribe, and a tentative decision was made.
- そもそも、奥羽は鎌倉府の管轄ではあったが、幕府と鎌倉府の対立が次第に深まると伊達氏は幕府直属の京都扶持衆となり、1413年の応永の乱では鎌倉を牽制している(伊達持宗の乱とも)。
- Originally, the Ou region (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) was placed under the direct control of Kamakura-fu, but the Date clan became a member of Kyoto fuchishu, a direct retainer of Muromachi bakufu, amid a deepening confrontation between Muromachi bakufu and Kamakura-fu, and strategically maneuvered Kamakura-fu in the Oei War of 1413 (also called a Rebellion of Mochimune DATE).
- 武力紛争の総数から見れば、その大部分は、隣接する非友好的な勢力が互いに、領地、あるいは、影響を及ぼし得る勢力圏の境境付近において繰り広げる小競り合い・抗争レベルの応酬であった。
- Judging from the total number of armed conflicts, most of them were exchanges of skirmishes/private wars which were conducted between neighboring unfriendly powers in the vicinity of the border of their territory or areas on which they could influence.
- 足利政権では将軍尊氏や足利家執事の高師直と実質的政務を任された尊氏実弟の足利直義が対立し、やがて全国的な争乱に発展する観応の擾乱が起こり、これを契機に南朝は再び勢力を回復する。
- The Shogun Takauji and the Ashikaga family chamberlain KO no Moronao became antagonized by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who was in charge of the actual governance, leading to the Kanno Disturbance where a nation-wide battle broke out and due to this incident, the Southern Court regained its power.
- その後、観応の擾乱が勃発すると直義方に属し、同じく奥州管領で尊氏方に与した畠山国氏 (奥州管領)を攻め滅ぼすが、その隙に勢力を伸張してきた南朝の北畠顕信に多賀城を攻め落とされる。
- Later, when the Kanno Disturbance broke out, Sadaie supported Tadayoshi side and conquered Oshu Kanrei (Shogunal deputy of the northern regions) Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA who took part in Takauji side, but Taga-jo Castle was attacked and defeated by Akinobu KITABATAKE of the Southern Court, who extended his power during the opportunity.
- 1570年に織田信長が大阪の石山本願寺と開戦して石山戦争が起こると、鈴木孫一の率いる鈴木党は、他の雑賀衆の集団とともに本願寺の門主顕如の求めに応じて本願寺に入り、織田軍と戦った。
- In 1570, when Nobunaga ODA opened hostilities against Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and the Ishiyama War broke out, the Suzuki-to (group of Suzuki clan) lead by Magoichi SUZUKI, with the other groups of Saigashu, entering the Hongan-ji Temple as answering the request of Kennyo, the head of Hongan-ji Temple, fought against the Oda army.
- 慶応3年1月15日(1867年2月19日)、明治天皇の践祚に伴い処分が解かれたが、幟仁親王はこれ以降政治的な表舞台には姿をあらわさず、打診された国事御用掛への復職も辞退している。
- On February 19, 1867, Imperial Prince Takahito was forgiven in accordance with Emperor Meiji's accession to the throne, but he never returned to the political stage from that time onward and he even declined a reinstatement offer for the Kokuji Goyogakari position.
- これに対応するために与力の嫡子を見習名目で職務に当たらせて給銀だけを与える事で与力の数を事実上水増ししたり、本来は町役人の元締であった町代に事務業務を委任したりするようになった。
- To cope with the realignments, the number of yoriki was effectively padded by assigning children of yoriki to such duties as paid trainees, and the administrative work was outsourced to Machi-dai who used to be the head of town officials.
- 反頼之派は義満に対して頼之の排斥、討伐を要請し、近江で反頼之派に転じた佐々木高秀が挙兵すると、鎌倉公方の足利氏満が呼応して軍事行動を起こそうとし上杉憲春に諌死される事件も起こる。
- The anti-Yoriyuki faction asked Yoshimitsu for permission to expel and subjugate Yoriyuki, and when Takahide SASAKI, who had switched to the anti-Yoriyuki faction, raised an army at Omi, Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Shogun's representative at Kamakura, prepared to begin military action in response, it also happened that Noriharu UESUGI committed suicide to remonstrate with him about this course of action.
- 富子は義政の兄弟の足利義視の次期将軍が決まったいたが実子足利義尚の将軍就任を望み実家の日野家も応援し、足利将軍家の家督相続争いが畠山氏や斯波氏の争いと連動して応仁の乱の一因となる。
- Although it was decided that Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, Yoshimasa's brother, would become the next shogun, Tomiko hoped that her biological child Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA would take the position of shogun; moreover, the Hino Family, Tomiko's parents' home, also backed Yoshihisa, and the battle of the succession to (the headship of) the house in the House of Ashikaga shogunate, coupled with the conflict between the Hatakeyama clan and the Shiba clan, became a cause of the Onin War.
- 備前松田氏、室町幕臣松田氏と相模松田氏とは緊密な脈絡があり、この時に備前松田氏と室町幕臣松田氏からは松田数秀、松田長秀、松田頼亮、松田秀致、松田盛秀、松田晴秀等が応援に駆け付けた。
- The Bizen Matsuda clan, the Matsuda clan serving as Muromachi Shogunate's retainer, and the Sagami Matsuda clan had a close connection, and Kazuhide MATSUDA, Nagahide MATSUDA, Yorisuke MATSUDA, Hideyuki (秀致) MATSUDA, Morihide MATSUDA and Haruhide MATSUDA from the Bizen Matsuda clan, the Matsuda clan serving as Muromachi Shogunate's retainer rushed over for the back up at that time.
- 応仁の乱では足軽集団が奇襲戦力として利用されたが、足軽は忠誠心に乏しく無秩序でしばしば暴徒化し、多くの社寺、商店等が軒を連ねる京都に跋扈し暴行・略奪をほしいままにすることもあった。
- During the Onin War, ashigaru groups were used in surprise attacks but their lack of loyalty and their disorder meant that they frequently formed unruly mobs, and there was an incident in which they ran riot and looted Kyoto with its numerous shrines, temples and shops.
- 応仁の乱終了後も政長と義就は山城国で戦い続けていたが、度重なる戦乱に民衆は国人を中心にして団結し、勝元の後継者であった政元の後ろ盾も得て、山城国一揆を起して両派を国外に退去させた。
- Even after the end of the Onin War, Masanaga and Yoshinari continued to fight each other in Yamashiro Province, but the successive battles brought common people together around kokujin (indigenous samurai) and they, backed by Katsumoto's successor Masamoto, rose up in Yamashironokuni Ikki (Yamashiro Province uprising) and succeeded in driving the two warring forces out of the province.
- 義尚の死後、将軍の座は義視の子・足利義稙が継承していたが、義材と対立した政元は、義材と結ぶ元管領畠山政長を討つと、明応の政変を引き起こして義材を追放して足利義澄を新将軍に擁立した。
- Following Yoshihisa's death, the position of Shogun passed to Yoshimi's son Yoshitane (more commonly known as 'Yoshiki') ASHIKAGA, but when Masamoto, who was embroiled in a conflict with Yoshiki, struck down the former Kanrei Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, who was allied with Yoshiki, the Meio Coup began; Yoshiki was driven into exile and Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA was installed as the new Shogun.
- 室町時代、寛正7年(1466年)の『蔭涼軒目録』に「筑前博多の練緯酒(ねりぬきざけ)」として、応仁2年(1468年)『碧山目録』に「豊後の練貫酒(ねりぬきざけ)」として記述がある。
- During the Muromachi Period, 'Inryoken Nichiroku' (Inryoken Diary) of 1466 contains a description of 'Nerinukizake (練緯酒) from Hakata, Chikuzen,' and 'Hekizan Nichiroku' (Hekizan Diary) of 1468 contains a description of 'Nerinukizake (練貫酒) from Bungo.'
- 岩倉は政治的には伊藤博文と協力関係にあったが、伊藤や木戸孝允が構想した将来の上院形成のための華族増員(具体的には維新の功労者を華族を加える)と華族の政治参加には強い拒否反応を示した。
- Although Iwakura politically cooperated with Hirobumi ITO, he strongly rejected Ito and Takayoshi KIDO's ideas on kazoku, such as increasing the members of the kazoku class (specifically, by giving the title to persons who had contributed to the Meiji Restoration) to form an upper chamber in the future and allowing more kazoku's participation in politics.
- 11世紀中期から12世紀・13世紀初頭にかけて、荘園公領制の成立や院政・武家政治の登場などに対応した中世国家体制が漸進的に構築されていったため、この時期に王朝国家体制は終期を迎えた。
- As the medieval national polity, which corresponded to the establishment of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) and the advent of cloister government/samurai government, was progressively built up during the period from the mid-11th century to the 12th century/early 13th century, the period of dynastic polity ended around that time.
- 応永5年(1398年)来日した朝鮮使節から義弘が莫大な進物を受け取っていたことを斯波義将らが「義弘は朝鮮から賄賂を受け取っている」と義満に讒言し、それが義弘に聞こえて激怒させている。
- When a Korean envoy arrived in Japan in 1398 and presented Yoshihiro with a vast number of gifts, Yoshimasa SHIBA slandered him to Yoshimitsu, saying 'Now Yoshihiro is accepting bribes from Korea,' and when Yoshihiro heard of this slander he was furious.
- 幕府は名越高家と足利尊氏を総大将とする大軍を動員して近畿地方に増派し、叛乱の鎮圧をはかったが、高家は京都に着いてまもなく緒戦で戦死し、尊氏は後醍醐の呼びかけに応じて叛乱軍に参加した。
- The bakufu moved a large force lead by Takaie NAGOE and Takauji ASHIKAGA, adding more soldiers in the Kinki region to contain the insurrection, but Takaie died in battle shortly after arriving in Kyoto and Takauji answered Godaigo's call to join the insurrection force.
- 1578年(天正6年)、美作国の国人領主・草刈氏が因幡国智頭郡に淀山城を構え、勢力を伸ばすと、山名氏はこれを討伐するため、同国佐貫の大義寺に陣を敷き、武田高信に軍議に応ぜよと招聘した。
- In 1578 when the Kusakari clan, a local lord of Mimasaka Province, constructed Yodoyama-jo Castle in Chizu County, Inaba Province, the Yamana clan pitched its camp at Daigi-ji Temple in Sanuki, Inaba Province in order to subjugate it and invited Takanobu TAKEDA to a war council.
- そこで急遽この年の8月24日 (旧暦)に諸兄を次期大臣の資格を有する大納言に、4日後に鈴鹿王を知太政官事(太政大臣と同格で皇族であることのみが任用条件)に任命して応急的な体制を整えた。
- Therefore a temporary system was hurriedly established by appointing Moroe as a Dainagon (chief councilor of state) which entitled to be the next minister on September 26 of this year and four days later, Suzuka no Okimi as a Chidaijokanji (deputy to the dajo-daijin [grand minister of state], a post at the same rank of dajo-daijin; the only quality required was being a member of the Imperial family).
- ただし、慶応4年(明治元年/1868年)の『雲上大全便覧』には、両局の説明後に「蔵人方出納此三家合三催云」という一文が付け加えられ、押小路家・壬生家・平田家をもって「三催」と称している。
- In 'Unjo benran taizen' in 1868, after descriptions of 'Kyokumu' and 'Kanmu,' a sentence was added meaning that the Oshinokoji family, the Mibu family, and the Hirata family were collectively called 'Sansai.'
- したがって神武天皇に関する説話は何らかの形で創作されたものであるとする意見が強く、崇神天皇、応神天皇、継体天皇、または記紀編纂時期の天武天皇を基に創作したとする「モデル論」も盛んである。
- Therefore, the majority of opinion is that tales regarding Emperor Jimmu was created in some form, and 'theory of model' that tales of Emperor Jimmu was created based on Emperor Sujin, Emperor Ojin and Emperor Keitai, or Emperor Temmu at the time of compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is also popular.
- 関東では京都で応仁の乱が起きる以前より、享徳の乱・長享の乱・永正の乱の3つの大乱が立て続けに起こっており、古河公方と関東管領山内上杉家・その庶流の扇谷上杉家が3つ巴になって覇権を争った。
- In Kanto, even before the occurrence of the Onin Disturbance in Kyoto, three great uprisings, the Kyotoku Disturbance, Chokyo Disturbance, and Eisho Disturbance, occurred successively and Koga-kubo, the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family that was Kanto Kanrei (shogunal deputy for the Kanto region) and its branch family, the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi family, competed for dominance in a three-cornered struggle.
- だが、慶長3年8月18日 (旧暦)(1598年9月18日)、秀吉が病死すると唯一の大臣となった徳川家康は直ちに帰京を許されていた菊亭晴季を右大臣に還任させる手続をとって応急の措置とした。
- When Hideyoshi suddenly died of disease on September 18, 1598, however, the only minister, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA immediately took emergency measures to arrange the reinstatement of Harusue KIKUTEI, who had been allowed to return to Kyoto, to Udaijin.
- 具体的に中央政府機構の変革についてはまだ明確となっていないが、例えば摂関政治の成立、官司請負制の登場などが、王朝国家体制に対応した中央政治の変化を表しているのではないかとする議論がある。
- Although the concrete content of reform in the central government organization is not yet clear, some people assert that the establishment of sekkan-seiji (regency) and kanji ukeoisei (government office contract system) demonstrate the change in the central government corresponding to the Dynastic polity.
- また守護は、当初は国司の業務や地頭の権限への介入を禁じられていたが、応仁の乱以後の地方定住と権力の拡張の結果次第に領主化して室町後期には地方支配も進み、この頃の守護は守護大名と呼ばれる。
- At first, it was prohibited for shugo to intervene in the tasks of Kokushi and the authorities of Jito, however, as a result of settlement in local areas and expansion of authorities after the Onin War, they gradually became feudal lords and cemented their grip in local areas by the late Muromachi period; shugo in this period are especially called shugo-daimyo (Japanese territorial lords).
- 慶応4年正月3日(1868年1月27日)の夕方に、下鳥羽付近で街道を封鎖する薩摩藩兵と大目付の滝川具挙の問答から軍事的衝突が起こり、鳥羽での銃声が聞こえると伏見でも衝突、戦端が開かれた。
- In the afternoon of January 27, 1868, a quarrel between the inspector general, Tomoaki TAKIGAWA and the soldiers of the Satsuma domain blocking the highway near Shimotoba resulted in a battle, and as soon as gunfire in Toba was heard, the battle in Fushimi began.
- 1865年(慶応元年)に実施された幕長戦争の失敗以降、江戸幕府の権威は失墜し、慶応2年になると京都では幕府の立てた(長州藩を朝敵とする内容の)制札が引き抜かれるという事件が頻発しだした。
- After their failure in the Baku-cho War (war between bakufu and Choshu) carried out in 1865, the authority of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed, and in 1867, the noticeboards (that says Choshu clan is Emperor's enemy) placed by the bakufu were frequently pulled out in Kyoto.
- 室町時代前期には、この傾向にはさらに拍車がかかり、応永32年(1425年)には洛中洛外の酒屋の数は342軒に達していたことが、京都北野神社に残されている酒屋名簿という文書に記されている。
- In the early part of the Muromachi period, this tendency was encouraged, and it is described in Sakaya Meibo, a document which registered sake shops and left in the Kitano-jinja Shrine in Kyoto, that the number of sake breweries in and out of Kyoto in 1425 was 342.
- 石清水八幡宮祠官田中家文書の中に源頼信が誉田山陵(応神天皇陵)に納めたと称する永承元年告文に「先人新発、其先経基、其先元平親王、其先陽成天皇、其先清和天皇」と明記してあることが根拠である。
- This is supported by the family document of Tanaka, who was a Shinto priest of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, describing that the Imperial instruction of 1046, which was dedicated to Homutarama no misasagi (Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin) by MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, explicitly described that 'the ancestors are Shinbochi, Tsunemoto, Imperial Prince Motohira, Emperor Yozei, and Emperor Seiwa, from newest to oldest.'
- 地産地消が求められる中、清酒酵母とともに、現地適応性を持った酒米の開発は、それぞれの地方自治体にとって地元産清酒の品質向上、ひいては地域経済活性化や地場産業建て直しの重要な鍵を握っている。
- Given the situation in which the local consumption of locally produced products is required, the development of sakamai having local adaptability (together with sake yeast) is an important key for the municipality with respect to improvement in the quality of locally produced sake as well as the vitality of the local economy and the reconstruction of local industries.
- 8代目にあたる久世通煕は幕末に公武合体派として活躍し、万延元年(1860年)8月から慶応3年4月(1867年)まで(途中文久2年(1862年)9月から翌年12月を除く)にかけて議奏を務めた。
- Michihiro KUZE, the eighth head of the family, played an active role in the Kobu Gattai (integration of the imperial court and the shogunate) at the end of the Edo period and was the adressor of opinions to the Emperor between August 1860 and April 1867 (except the period from September 1862 to December 1863).
- それぞれ凡牟都和希(ほむたわけ)王は応神天皇、若野毛二俣(わかぬけふたまた)王は稚野毛二派皇子、大郎子は意富富杼王、 斯(うし)王は彦主人王、乎富等(おおど)大公王は継体天皇に比定され得る。
- Each of these names can be identified as follows: 'Homutawake no Miko' was the Emperor Ojin; 'Wakanuke futamata no Miko' was 'Wakanoke futamata no Miko'; Oiratsuko was 'Ohodo no Okimi'; 'Ushi no Okimi' was 'Hikoushio' (also pronounced 'Hikousi no Okimi') and 'Odo no Okimi' was the Emperor Keitai.
- 元来、職制律(在官応直不直条)においては昼の警備を「宿」、夜の警備を「直」と書いて「とのい」と読ませていたが、後世においては、夜の警備を「宿直」もしくは「殿居」と書いて「とのい」と読ませた。
- Originally under the Shikisei-ritsu (Office Penal Laws) (Zaikan Ochoku Fuchoku no jo (在官応直不直条, the article of guarding activities)) the guarding activity during the day was expressed as '宿' and the night activity as '直' and the combination of '宿直' was read as 'Tonoi,' but later it only came to mean the guarding activity during the night, which was described '宿直' or '殿居' and both were read as 'Tonoi.'
- 義満はこの後には将軍直轄の軍事力である奉公衆を整備し、1391年の明徳の乱においては山名氏を、1397年の応永の乱においては大内氏を追討して有力守護を弱体化させ、幕府の支配体制を固めていく。
- After the coup, Yoshimitsu established the Hokoshu, a Shogunal army directly loyal to him, and succeeded in using it to weaken the two most powerful shugo families, the Yamana clan in 1391 during the Meitoku Rebellion and the Ouchi clan in 1397 by means of the Oei Rebellion, thereby solidifying the shogunate's control over the country.
- 15世紀後半の応仁の乱ないし明応の政変以降は戦国時代 (日本)とも呼ばれ、それまでの「幕府 - 守護体制」が崩壊するとともに、各地に地域国家が並立するようになり、また、荘園公領制が崩壊した。
- Starting in the latter half of the fifteenth century, with the Onin War and the Meio Coup, a roughly hundred-year era known as the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) began; during this period, the bakufu-daimyo system in place up until this point collapsed, and all the various provinces essentially became independent states unto themselves, while the shoen-koryo (private estates and public territory) system of land ownership disintegrated.
- 山城国の一宮指定には、地方の諸国と異なって神祇官が関わっていると思われ、11世紀末から諸国でそれぞれに一宮が成立していく中で、畿内ではそれに対応して12世紀になってから決められたと考えられる。
- Unlike in other local provinces, it is considered that Jingi-kan had some influence over the designation of the first shrine (Ichinomiya) in Yamashiro Province; because of this, while the establishment of Ichinomiya in other provinces took place starting at the end of the 11th century the designation of Ichinomiya in Kinai (Kansai Region) began during the 12th century.
- 松良天皇(まつなが てんのう、1364年(正平 (日本)19年)8月8日 - 1417年(応永24年)5月24日)は、戦後南朝 (日本)正統を主張した三浦芳聖の遠祖で、三浦皇統家第四代の天皇。
- Emperor Matsunaga (August 8, 1364 - May 24, 1417) was an ancestor of Yoshimasa MIURA, who advocated the orthodoxy of the Southern Court after World War II, and was the fourth Emperor of the MIURA Imperial Line.
- このため、信長がこの問題にどう対応しようとしたのかについて諸説に分かれている(拒絶したとする説、征夷大将軍あるいは太政大臣に就任する事を内諾したとする説、結論が出る前に討ち死にしたとする説)。
- As a result of this, there are a few theories on how Nobunaga tried to deal with this offer: Nobunaga refused to accept any one of the positions, he unofficially agreed to accept the position of either Seii Taishogun or Dajodaijin, or he died in battle before reaching a conclusion.
- その後、一色義直が第八代将軍・足利義政の信任を受けるが、1467年の応仁の乱では細川勝元の東軍に与した若狭武田氏との反目から山名宗全の西軍に与して敗れたため、次第に衰退の一途をたどるようになる。
- Then, Yoshinao ISSHIKI gained the confidence of the eighth-generation shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, but in the turmoil of the Onin War in 1467 the Isshiki clan belonged to the Western army led by Sozen YAMANA because the clan was opposed to Wakasa-Takeda clan, which belonged to the Eastern army led by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA; this resulted in the defeat of the Western army, and thereafter the clan gradually weakened.
- 応神天皇の皇子で、母は和珥氏祖の日触使主(ひふれのおみ、比布礼能意富美)の女 ・宮主宅媛(みやぬしやかひめ、宮主矢河枝比売)である(ただし『先代旧事本紀』には、物部多遅麻連の女・山無媛とする)。
- Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko was Imperial prince of the Emperor Ojin, and his mother was Miyanushi Yakahimi [(宮主宅媛), also known as Miyanushi Yagahaehime (宮主矢河枝比売)], a daughter of Hifure no Ohomi [(日触使主); his name was also written in this way '比布礼能意富美') in being an ancestor of the Wani Uji Clan.] [However, according to the 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History), the mother of Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko appeared as Yamanashi Hime (山無媛), a daughter of 'Mononobe no Tajima no Muraji' (物部多遅麻連).].
- その場しのぎの対応で法皇が実覚処分の要求を飲んだことから興福寺が激怒、天台座主・仁豪と法性寺座主・寛慶の流罪、祇園社を春日大社の末社にすること、実覚の配流停止といった3ヵ条を奏上として提出した。
- The Kofuku-ji Temple was outraged by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's makeshift handling of the situation and acceptance of the request to punish Jikkaku, and submitted to the Emperor the three pleas that Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) Ningo and Head priest of Hossho-ji Temple Kankei be banished; that the Gion-sha Shrine be a subordinate shrine of the Kasuga-taisha Shrine; and that Jikkaku's banishment be halted.
- こうした守護の動きに対し、荘園領主らも幕府から守護使不入権の承認を得るなどの対応を取ったが、荘園領主らの大部分は京都に在住しており、遠方にある荘園へ強い支配力を及ぼすことはほとんど困難であった。
- Trying to deal with these trends, the lords of manors obtained the right of non-entry of Shugo, but it was almost impossible for them to exert strong influence on the distant shoen because most of them lived in Kyoto.
- 名詞をまず漢語で類聚し、意味により分類して項目立て、万葉仮名で日本語に対応する名詞の読み(和名・倭名)をつけた上で、漢籍(字書・韻書・博物書)を出典として多数引用しながら説明を加える体裁をとる。
- It was made in the following style: First, nouns were collected in Chinese, were grouped based on their meanings, an item name was given to each group of nouns, a Japanese pronunciation (called 'wamyo,' literally a Japanese name) of each of these nouns was given using Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]), and to each noun, explanations were given by citing its Chinese document sources (dictionaries, Chinese dictionaries arranged by the final sound of each word, and encyclopedia).
- 室町時代には九条家の家司となるが、明応5年(1496年)に九条家の経営に関するトラブルから唐橋在数(位階・大学寮中務省)(1448年 - 1496年)が九条政基・九条尚経に殺害される事態となった。
- During the Muromachi period, the family served the Kujo family as household managers, but in 1496, trouble occurred in connection with the Kujo family's business, and this led to the killing of Arikazu KARAHASHI (Court Rank, the Bureau of Education, Department of the Imperial Palace, 1448 - 1496) by Masamoto KUJO and his son, Hisatsune KUJO.
- 応仁・文明の乱以後、松田数秀・松田長秀・松田清秀・松田晴秀らが政所寄人の筆頭である政所執事代に任じられ、飯尾氏・清氏らとともに幕府奉行人として永禄年間(1558~1570)に至るまで活動していた。
- After the Onin-Bunmei Wars, Kazuhide MATSUDA, Nagahide MATSUDA, Kiyohide MATSUDA and Haruhide MATSUDA were appointed as Mandokoro shitsujidai, the head of Mandokoro yoriudo (officers of the administration office), and they were active as bugyonin of the shogunate along with the Inoo clan and the Sei clan until the Eiroku era (1558-1570).
- 小倉宮恒敦(おぐらのみや つねあつ、生年不詳 - 応永29年7月15日 (旧暦)(1422年8月11日))は、南北朝時代 (日本)の第99代、南朝 (日本)最後の第4代天皇である後亀山天皇の皇子。
- Tsuneatsu OGURANOMIYA (year of birth unknown - August 11, 1422) was a Prince of Emperor Gokameyama, who was the 99th Emperor in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and was the fourth and last Emperor of the Southern Court.
- 尹良親王(ただよし(ゆきよし)しんのう、生年不詳 - 応永31年8月15日 (旧暦)(1424年9月7日))は、南北朝時代 (日本)・室町時代の皇族で宗良親王の第2皇子、後醍醐天皇の皇孫にあたる。
- Imperial Prince Tadayoshi (also known as Yukiyoshi, year of birth unknown - September 7, 1424) was a member of the Imperial Family in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Muromachi period, and was also the second Prince of Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, and an Imperial descendant of Emperor Godaigo.
- これによると、男子の直系は「凡牟都和希王(ほむたわけのおおきみ・応神天皇) ─ 若野毛二俣王 ─ 大郎子(一名意富富杼王) ─ 乎非王 ─斯王(彦主人王) ─ 乎富等大公王(継体天皇)」とされる。
- This material identifies the direct male descendants of Emperor as follows; 'Homutawake no Okimi (Emperor Ojin) - Wakanukefutamata no Miko - Oiratsuko (a man whose name is Ohodo no Okimi) - Oi no Okimi - Okimi (Hikoushio) - Odo no Okimi (Emperor Keitai)'.
- 応仁の乱に際しては義敏も義廉も領国に下ってその一円支配を目指すものの、遠江国を今川氏に、越前国を朝倉氏に奪われて領国の大半を失い、尾張国で義敏の子孫が守護代の織田氏に推戴されて存続するのみとなった。
- During the Onin War, Yoshitoshi and Yoshikado went down to their own territories to reign the whole region; however, the Shiba clan lost most of its own territories after Totomi Province was captured by the Imagawa clan and Echizen Province by the Asakura clan, and only a descendant of Yoshitoshi remained in Owari Province as recommended by the Oda clan, which was Shugodai.
- 古事記では迦具漏比売とされるが、彼女は実兄日本武尊の曾孫に当たり、生物学的に不可能である(現に、日本書紀では応神天皇の后となっているし、古事記でも彼の名前の重複が認められる)ことから誤記と思われる。
- In Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters), he was considered as Kagurohime, but since Kagurohime was a great-granddaughter of his real older brother, YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto, this was biologically impossible (it is actually described in Nihonshoki [the oldest chronicles of Japan] that she became the empress to Emperor Ojin, and his name is repeated in Kojiki, too).
- しかしその後、京大の残留教官による説得に応じ京大に復帰する教官(黒田覚、佐伯千仭ら6名)が現れ、滝川および筋を通して復帰しなかった人々(宮本英雄、末川、恒藤、田村ら)との間に感情的なしこりを残した。
- However, some staff members answered the call from staff who stayed at Kyoto University and returned (six members such as Satoru KURODA and Chihiro SAEKI) and this led to estrangement with Takigawa and those who did not return under principle (Hideo MIYAMOTO, Suekawa, Tsuneto, Tamura, etc).
- 慶応4年(1868年)4月11日に行われた江戸城無血開城に従わぬ旧幕臣の一部が千葉県方面に逃亡、船橋大神宮に陣をはり、4月3日 (旧暦)(5月24日)に市川市・鎌ヶ谷市・船橋市周辺で両軍は衝突した。
- Some retainers of the former Shogunate, who were opposed to the bloodless surrender of Edo Castle on May 3, 1868, fled towards Chiba Prefecture and set up a camp in Funabashi Daijingu, and on May 24, they clashed with the new government's forces around the area of Ichikawa City, Kamagaya City, and Funabashi City.
- その後、義就が宗全を頼って復権を願い出ていたところ、1467年2月6日(応仁元年正月2日)、宗全に懐柔された義政が、政長や勝元に断ることなく、将軍邸の花の御所(室町第)に義就を招いてこれを赦免した。
- Afterwards, when Yoshinari relied on Sozen in petitioning for his reinstatement, Yoshimasa, placated by Sozen, on February 6, 1467 invited Yoshinari to Hana no Gosho (or Muromachi-dai) of the Shogun's residence and remitted him without consulting Masanaga or Katsumoto.
- 一般には、12世紀後半の源頼朝による鎌倉幕府の設立から、慶応3年(1867年)の徳川慶喜による大政奉還まで、約700年間に渡る武家による政権を指すが、現在は平清盛の平氏政権からとする説が有力である。
- The military government was an administration under the control of samurai, which continued for about 700 years from the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in the late 12th century to Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) lead by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA in 1867; however, a theory, in which the start was the Taira clan government ruled by TAIRA no Kiyomori, is now widely accepted.
- これに応えて試衛館派、水戸派、殿内以下、根岸友山一派などが京の壬生村に残ったが、根岸派は直後に脱退、殿内・家里は排斥され、同年3月、新選組の前身である「壬生浪士組」(「精忠浪士組」とも)が結成される。
- In response to this, the Shiei-kan and Mito Parties, along with Yuzan NEGISHI and his group controlled by TONOUCHI, remained in Mibu Village of Kyoto, but the NEGISHI party withdrew immediately afterwards, TONOUCHI and IESATO were excluded, and in March of the same year 'Mibu Roshi-gumi' (also known as 'Seichu Roshi-gumi') was formed.
- また武家権力による天下統一のため農地を基礎とする農本主義を選択せざるを得ず商業の隆盛による前期資本主義的社会の成立に財政徴税などの基本体制が対応できず幕府各藩とも大商人からの借入が拡大し破綻していく。
- Each domain of the bakufu ran into debt from large-scale merchants and eventually went broke because of their dependence on agricultural fundamentalism to rule the nation, in addition, basic systems such as tax collection, did not respond to the establishment of the lower capitalist society made up of flourishing commerce.
- このように、明応の政変は中央だけのクーデター事件ではなく、全国、特に東国で戦乱と下克上の動きを恒常化させる契機となる、重大な分岐点であり、戦国時代の始期とする説が近年の日本史学界では有力となっている。
- Similarly, in recent years there is an influential theory among Japanese historians, that the Meio Incident was not only a coup d'etat in the central government but also a critical turning point, which led to social upheaval and rebellions against the ruling classes, especially in the eastern provinces, and was the initial stage of the Warring States period.
- 漢才、すなわち中国などから流入してきた知識・学問をそのまま日本へ移植するのではなく、あくまで基礎的教養として採り入れ、それを日本の実情に合わせて応用的に政治や生活の場面で発揮することが大和魂とされた。
- Yamato-damashii was to adopt karazae -- that is, the scholarship and knowledge introduced from China and other countries -- as a basic education and apply it to politics and other aspects of life in accordance with the actual condition of Japan, instead of transplanting it as it is in the country.
- 神功皇后が三韓征伐の後、畿内に帰るとき、自分の皇子(応神天皇)には異母兄にあたる香坂皇子、忍熊皇子が畿内にて反乱を起こして戦いを挑んだが、神功皇后軍は武内宿禰や武振熊命の働きによりこれを平定したという。
- After 'Sankan Seibatsu' (The Conquest of the Three Korean Kingdoms), on the way to Kinai, Kagosaka no miko and Oshikuma no miko, who were brothers by a different mother of her son (Emperor Ojin), rebelled against her and challenged her to fight, however, Empress Jingu's Army suppressed them by work of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune and Takefurukuma no mikoto.
- 奈良時代からこの時期を通じて、二品親王の地位に約20年以上いること、それ以下の場合には親王が就く官職で事実上最高位であった式部卿を長期にわたって務めて「第一の親王」たるに相応しい経歴を保持していること。
- The requirements to be granted Ippon were that the prince must be in nihon (the second court rank for imperial princes) over 20 years through the Nara period to that time, if the period being in nihon was less than 20 year, the prince must be Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), the highest post for an imperial prince for a long time as well as holding appropriate career as the 'first Imperial Prince.'
- また各国の国旗掲揚、国歌斉唱が脱帽起立のうえ厳粛におこなわれることを根拠として教育現場での日の丸・君が代への否定的対応および拒否を推奨するかのような日教組教育を国際的に非常識なものと批判する主張がある。
- There is also an assertion based on the fact that raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem are carried out solemnly with hats off and uprising that education in the way of Nikkyoso which seems to recommend negative response or denial of Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) and Kimigayo is internationally preposterous,
- 1414年(応永21年)、4年前に京都を出奔して吉野に潜行していた南朝最後の天皇後亀山天皇とその皇子小倉宮を支持して伊勢国国司の北畠満雅が挙兵したが、室町幕府の討伐を受け和解、上皇は2年後に京に帰った。
- In 1414 (Oei 21), the provincial governor of Ise province, Mitsumasa KITABATAKE - financial backer of the last Southern Court Emperor, Gokameyama, who had fled from Kyoto four years earlier and traveled incognito to Yoshino, as well as his son Prince Oguranomiya - raised an army in response, but after receiving an order from Gokameyama to subjugate the Muromachi Shogunate, a peace settlement was reached, and the Retired Emperor Gokameyama returned to Kyoto two years later.
- しかし、当時の政家の日記『後法興院記』の調査により、政家が近江に滞在して近江八景の和歌を詠んだとされる明応9年8月13日_(旧暦)(1500年9月16日)は、外出せず自邸にこもっていたことが判明している。
- However, studying 'Gohokoinki', Masaie's Diary found that he stayed in his house all day on September 16, 1500 when he was considered to stay in Omi and make waka for Omihakkei.
- 幕末期の動乱の中、尊皇攘夷派の一党、天誅組が決起(文久3年〈1863年〉)し、宮廷と関係の深い十津川の郷士らも呼応して五條市に結集するが、情勢の急変により郷士たちは離脱・帰村、天誅組も東吉野村で壊滅する。
- In the disturbances at the end of the Edo period, Tenchu-gumi (royalist party to inflict punishment), a party of Sonno Joi-ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians), rose to action in 1863, assembled in Gojo City, together with goshi (country samurai) of Totsukawa River who were associated with the Imperial Court, however goshi withdrew and returned to their home due to the sudden change of the situation, and Tenchu-gumi collapsed in Higashiyoshino Village.
- 慶応3年(1867年)5月、江戸に下って上野の寛永寺に入り、同月慈性入道親王の隠退に伴って三山管領宮(寛永寺貫主・日光輪王寺門跡・天台座主(正確には比叡山延暦寺座主)を兼ね、東叡大王ともいう)を継承した。
- In June 1867, he traveled down to Edo and entered Kanei-ji Temple in Ueno, then succeeded to Sanzan Kanryo no miya (also called Toei Daio and serve as chief priest of Kanei-ji Temple, Nikko Rinno-ji Temple Monzeki (head priest), Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) (to be precise, zasu (temple's head priest)of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei) at the same time) along with the retirement of Imperial Prince and Monk Jisho in the same month.
- 源満仲は、安和の変などの印象から、藤原氏本流に臣従していたイメージが強いが、天皇を始めとして臣、公卿などに必要に応じて起用されていた、つまり支配階級全体に奉仕する傭兵部隊としての色彩がここから感じられる。
- There was an impression that MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka served under the main branch of the Fujiwara clan since the Anna Incident, but it could be interpreted from this that mercenary army that served all ranked ruling people was mobilized as needed by the emperor, minister, and kugyo (court noble).
- 「これらの催しごと(家康の饗応)の準備について、信長はある密室において明智と語っていたが元来、逆上しやすく、自らの命令に対して反対を言われることに堪えられない性格であったので」光秀を折檻し饗応役を解いた。
- With respect to preparation for those events (entertainment for Ieyasu), Nobunaga was talking with Mitsuhide behind closed doors, but because Nobunaga tended to go wild with rage by nature and could not accept that someone oppose to his order, he chastised Mitsuhide and dismissed Mitsuhide from the position of marshal.
- 久頼の後に当主であったとみられる六角亀寿(どの人物に比定されるかは諸説ある)は応仁の乱では西軍に属し、その次代の六角高頼の代には、1487年(長享元年)には9代将軍足利義尚、10代足利義稙から討伐を受ける。
- Kameju ROKKAKU, who is considered to be the family head after Hisayori (there are several theories over the identity of Kameju), belonged to the western army at the turmoil of the Onin War, and in the next generation that of Takayori ROKKAKU, the ninth-generation shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA and the tenth-generation shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA sent a punitive expedition to Takayori in 1487.
- 1895年(明治28年)に創建された平安神宮は平安京朝堂院の施設を縮小復元したものとなっており、朝堂院の正門である応天門や大極殿などがベンガラによる鮮やかな朱色塗りと瓦屋根、礎石列柱をもって復元されている。
- The Heian-jingu Shrine, founded in1895, was a reconstruction of the chodoin in Heian-kyo on a smaller scale, and the main gate of the chodoin such as Oten-mon Gate and daigokuden were restored with the bright red colorant of Bengala, tiled roofs, foundation and pillars.
- 室町時代には朝倉敏景(英林孝景)が守護代甲斐常治とともに主である斯波義敏と対立し、足利将軍家の家督争いなどから発展した応仁の乱では山名持豊(宗全)率いる西軍から細川勝元率いる東軍に属し、越前から甲斐氏を追う。
- During the Muromachi period, Toshikage ASAKURA (Eirin Takakage) came to oppose his lord Yoshitoshi SHIBA with Tsuneharu KAI, and in the Onin War, which broke out from the internal squabble of the Ashikaga Shogun family over the family reign, he switched from the West army lead by Mochitoyo YAMANA (Sozen) to the East army lead by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and he expelled the Kai clan from Echizen Province.
- 当時、既にあった宮家(伏見宮・有栖川宮・桂宮)は何れも天皇とは遠縁であり、皇統の断絶を危惧するも即位となれば天皇の近親者が相応しいとの考えから宝永7年(1710年)8月10日、新井白石の建議により創設された。
- On September 3, 1710, the Kaninnomiya family was founded by the proposal of Hakuseki ARAI insisting that close blood relatives of Emperor should ascend to the throne, but there was an anxiety at that time that imperial line might become extinct since Miyake (house of an imperial prince) such as the Fushiminomiya, Arisugawanomiya and Katsuranomiya families had not close blood relations with Emperor.
- 応神天皇の崩御の後、最も有力と目されていた皇位継承者の菟道稚郎子(うじのわきいらつこ)皇子と互いに皇位を譲り合ったが、皇子の死(『日本書紀』は仁徳天皇に皇位を譲るために自殺したと伝える)により即位したという。
- After the demise of Emperor Ojin, he and Prince Iratsuko Ujinowaki, who was regarded as the most likely successor to the Imperial Throne, tried to give the throne over to each other but, because of death of the Prince (according to 'Nihonshoki,' the Prince killed himself in order to give the throne to Emperor Nintoku), he acceded to the throne.
- 慶応3年12月9日 (旧暦)(1868年1月3日)、この年の10月に行われた大政奉還後の王政復古の大号令クーデターによって薩摩藩・長州藩が京都の支配権を確立したため、京都守護職は設置後6年をもって廃止された。
- On January 3, 1868, due to the coup of Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule after Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) was implemented in October in the same year, the Satsuma and the Choshu clans established the right to rule Kyoto and, therefore, the Kyoto Shugoshoku was abolished six years after its foundation.
- 実際に筋力・腕力に頼らず相手を制する技術は、とても高度で難しいものであるとが予想できるが、高度で難しい技術の習得には多くの時間を要することが通常であり、社会が護身術に期待する速習速成という要求に応えられない。
- It can be imagined that techniques by which to control the opponent without depending on muscular strength or force can be very advanced and difficult, but it's normal that advanced or difficult techniques will take considerable time to learn, and society's demand for quick training in a crash course in the art of self-defense can't be met.
- これらはいずれも多かれ少なかれ団らん的な、あるいは「一味同心」的な性格をもつ芸能・芸道であったが、当時の武士の日常に対応したものであり、惣における庶民の日々の生活、さらに都市民の生活にも合致したものであった。
- These performing arts, which were more or less characterized by the concept of harmony or 'Ichimi doshin' (working together with one mind), reflected the ordinary lives of the warrior class at the time, and were perfectly fit for the everyday life of people in So (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) as well as of urban citizens.
- 聖護院宮嘉言親王(しょうごいんのみや よしことしんのう)、文政4年1月26日 (旧暦)(1821年2月28日) - 慶応4年8月11日 (旧暦)(1868年9月26日))は、江戸時代末期、明治時代の日本の皇族。
- The Imperial Prince Shogoinnomiya Yoshikoto (February 28, 1821 - September 26, 1868) was one of the Imperial Family members between the end of Edo period and the Meiji period.
- そして、1493年(明応2)の明応の政変前後を契機として、低下した権威の復活に失敗した守護大名は、守護代・国人などにその地位を奪われて没落し、逆に国人支配の強化に成功した守護大名は、領国支配を一層強めていった。
- Starting around the Meio-no-seihen (明応の政変) in 1493, the shugo daimyo that had failed to regain authority were ousted from their positions by shugo-dai and kokujin, while those that succeeded in tightening the control of the kokujin further strengthened the provincial control.
- また、町衆主導によって行われたと評価されてきた明応9年(1500年)の祇園祭の再興も本来祇園祭が疫病平癒の祭りであったことを考えると、逆に当時の社会不安の反映が祇園祭再興を促したという側面も考えられるのである。
- Also, the resumption in 1500 of the Gion Festival, which had been acclaimed for the townsmen's initiative behind it, may be considered to have been motivated in part by the social unrest prevailing then, given the history that the Gion Festival had originally been an event of prayer for recovery from epidemics.
- 浄土真宗の蓮如が再興した本願寺教団は、講と呼ばれる信徒集団を形成し、応仁の乱の後には守護大名に取って代わった戦国大名に匹敵する勢力になり、一向宗とも呼ばれるようになり、信仰の下に団結して守護大名の勢力と対抗する。
- The religious establishment at Hongan-ji Temple, which had been revived by Rennyo, of the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land sect), began to form large groups of laymen followers, called (Buddhist) 'lecture meetings,' and after the Onin War, these groups rivaled the Sengoku daimyo, who had supplanted the shugo daimyo, in strength; they began to be referred to as the Ikko sect, and united by faith, fell into opposition with the power and influence of the shugo daimyo.
- 更に応仁の乱以後になると、地方にあった公家や奉行衆の所領が戦国大名や国人達の押領を受けて収入が途絶え、礼銭収入無しでは日常生活も送れないほどの経済的苦境にも陥っていたため、禁令を出すこと自体が困難となってしまった。
- Since the Onin War, furthermore, Court nobles and the bugyoshu, whose shoryo in rural area were usurped by Daimyo in the Sengoku period and the kokujin (local samurai), lost their income and were too poor to sustain their lives without the income of the reisen, making it difficult to even issue a ban on the reisen.
- 室町幕府の成立時期には、幕府の施政方針が建武式目として確立・明示された1336年(建武 (日本)3)11月、足利尊氏が持明院統の光明天皇に征夷大将軍へ補任された1338年(暦応1)の2説があるが、前者が有力説である。
- There are two views regarding the year of Muromachi Bakufu's establishment--in November 1336, when the administrative policies of Bakufu were set up (being clearly indicated as Kenmu Shikimoku), or in 1338, when Takauji ASHIKAGA was assigned as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') by Emperor Komyo of Jimyoin-to faction (持明院統); however, the former view is more convincing.
- 蔵や店舗は自前の所有であったが、たとえば関東地方から東北地方に点在した江州蔵(ごうしゅうぐら)のように、はるか遠方に住む経営者が資本を持ち、派遣された蔵人が必要に応じて土地の労働者を季節雇用して営んでいるところもある。
- Warehouses and shops were already owned but, for example, the Kanto region through to northern Japan was dotted with Goshu warehouses which were owned by entrepreneurs in distant places where brewery workers sent to the locales would be employed on a seasonal basis as required.
- 応保2年(1162年)、後白河が日宋貿易の発展を目論んで摂津の大輪田泊を修築した際、清盛は隣接地の福原に日宋貿易の拠点として山荘を築いているが、このことは、後白河と清盛が共同して日宋貿易に取り組んでいたことを示している。
- In 1162, Goshirakawa renovated Owada no tomari in Settsu with an eye on developing trade between Japan and Song, and Kiyomori built a mountain residence in the neighboring Fukuhara as a base for Japan-Song trade, showing that Goshirakwa and Kiyomori worked together to develop Japan-Song trade.
- 慶応4年3月13日 (旧暦)(1868年4月5日)から明治元年10月18日 (旧暦)(1868年12月1日)までに出された太政官布告、神祇官事務局達、太政官達など一連の通達の総称)に基づき全国的に公的に行われたものを指す。
- This Ordinance meant collectively a series of notifications issued by the Meiji government between April 5, 1868 and December 1, 1868, which included edicts of Daijokan (the Grand Council of State), and notifications of Jingikan (the Department of Worship) and Daijokan.
- 謀議が事実であったかどうかは当時でも疑問視する向きが多く、西光と成親が清盛の呼び出しに簡単に応じていることから、平氏側(清盛)が院近臣勢力を潰すため、もしくは山門との衝突を回避するためにでっち上げた疑獄事件の可能性もある。
- Whether there in fact were any secret plans was questioned even at that point and since Saiko and Narichika readily attended to Kiyomori's call, there is a possibility that it was a plot by the Taira clan (Kiyomori) to destroy close aides of the cloistered government or evade confrontation with the Sanmon.
- また近年では、欽明天皇の嫡男である敏達天皇の直系(田村皇子)と庶子である用明天皇の直系(山背大兄皇子)による皇位継承争いであり豪族達も両派に割れたために、蝦夷はその状況に対応した現実的な判断をしただけであるとする見方もある。
- Recently another theory has been believed that Emishi just made a realistic decision to solve the conflict over the succession to the Imperial Throne between a direct descendant (Tamura no Miko) of the Emperor Bidatsu who was the legitimate son of the Emperor Kinmei, and a direct descendant (Yamashiro no Oe no O) of the Emperor Yomei who was a child born out of wedlock of the Emperor Kinmei, which also caused a division of Gozoku (local ruling family) into two factions.
- その後も京都奪回を目指すが、南朝の力は既に弱体化しており、足利義満征夷大将軍就任後の1368年(正平23年 / 応安元年)3月11日 (旧暦)に御座所にしていた住吉大社宮司の津守氏の住吉行宮(大阪市住吉区)にて崩御(死去)。
- They continued trying to recover Kyoto, but the Southern Court's power was already weakened, and on April 6, 1368 (old calendar), the Emperor demised at an Imperial chamber, Sumiyoshi-Angu (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City) of Tsumori clan, the chief priest of Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine.
- そもそも大根中の別々の場所に存在していたイソチオシアネートの前駆物質(グルコシノレート、芥子油配糖体)とミロシナーゼと呼ばれる酵素が、細胞が壊れることにより混ざりあい、イソチオシアネートを生成する化学反応を起こすことによる。
- More specifically, the pungency is produced by the chemical reaction when the precursor substances (glucocinolate and mustard oil glycoside) of isothiocyanate and an enzyme called myrosinase, which exist separately inside a daikon radish, are mixed by the breaking of the cells.
- また、同年に宮内大輔の吉井友実が以前に社長を務めていた日本鉄道の上野駅-高崎駅間開通式典に出席した際に、明治天皇は出席に乗り気ではなく天気も一日中雨であったが、皇后は終始笑顔で応対し吉井を感激させた(吉井の宮島誠一郎宛書簡)。
- Also in the same year, when Empress Dowager Shoken attended the opening ceremony of Nippon Railway Ueno Station – Takasaki Station, which Tomozane YOSHII who was the Kunai-taifu (post of Imperial Household Ministry) used to be president of, the empress handled the event with a smile throughout the whole time even though Emperor Meiji did not show much enthusiasm to attend and it was raining all day; YOSHII was greatly touched because of this (a letter written by YOSHII to Seiichi MIYAJIMA).
- 毎年1月11日_(旧暦)(応永年間後期以後)、管領以下を召集して開催され、まず奉行人より任命された右筆が祝詞を述べ、管領や評定衆が将軍に対して太刀を献上し、将軍側からも太刀を下賜するなど鎌倉期に比べて形式的な要素が強くなった。
- On January 11 (old calendar) (since the late Oei era) every year, hyojohajime was conducted through the convening of kanrei (shogunal deputies) and their subordinates with more ritual formalities than in the Kamakura period: yuhitsu (an amanuensis) appointed by bugyonin gave a speech of auspiciousness; kanrei and hyojoshu offered a sword to the Shogun, and the Shogun also granted them swords.
- こうした傾向は室町期に顕著となり、赤松氏による将軍足利義教の殺害(嘉吉の乱)、細川政元による将軍足利義材の廃立(明応の政変)、松永久秀による将軍足利義輝の殺害は、いずれも将軍家に対する主君押込めとして理解することが可能である。
- This sort of tendency is a striking feature of the Muromachi period; Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA being assassinated by the Akamatsu clan (in the Kakitsu Revolt), Shogun Yoshiki ASHIKAGA being driven from power by Masamoto HOSOKAWA and replaced (in the Meio Coup), and Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA's assassination by Hisahide MATSUNAGA can all be understood as examples of shukun oshikome (shutting away/ neutralizing their lords) against the Shogunal family.
- 財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、その年をイメージする漢字一字の公募を日本全国より行い、その中で最も応募数の多かった漢字一字を、その年の世相を表す漢字として、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に京都府京都市東山区の清水寺で発表する。
- On December 12th of each year, the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation calls upon people across the country to submit a Chinese character that symbolizes the year throughout Japan and announces the Chinese character with the most submissions as the Kanji representing the social conditions of the year at the Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture on the 'Kanji's day.'
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い直後の明治元年(慶応4年)1月17日(1868年2月10日)、参与・大久保利通は、総裁・有栖川宮熾仁親王に対して、天皇が石清水八幡宮に参詣し、続いて大坂行幸を行なって、その後も引き続き大坂に滞在することを提言した。
- Directly after the battle of Toba and Fushimi on February 10, 1868, Sanyo and Toshimichi OKUBO regarding the presidency and Imperial Prince Taruhito, Arisugawa-no-miya, advocated that the emperor make a pilgrimage to Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine, and then go to Osaka where he would continue to reside.
- 将軍足利義満、管領細川頼之時代には武家執奏による朝廷への口入がみられ、応安3年(1370年)に後光厳天皇が自らの皇子緒仁親王への譲位意思を表すると、崇光上皇は正嫡である実子栄仁親王の即位が妥当であると主張し、皇位継承問題が起こる。
- During the rule of Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and constable Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, the Bukeshisso (coordinator for the Northern Court and the Ashikaga government) would intervene with Imperial Court matters, and when in 1370, Emperor Gokogon expressed his wish to abdicate the throne to his prince, Imperial Prince Ohito, retired Emperor Suko claimed that the ascension of his legal child, Imperial Prince Yoshihito was more appropriate and a conflict over Imperial succession occurs.
- 当時、全国的な争乱(観応の擾乱)が続いており、兵糧調達のため、激戦地であった近江国(守護:六角氏)・美濃国(守護:土岐頼康)・尾張国(守護:土岐頼康)の本所領(荘園)を対象として、その年の収穫に限り、守護に年貢半分の徴発を認めた。
- At that time, the government allowed provincial constables to requisition half of the taxes from the production of the year to obtain provisions in the midst of a nationwide disturbance (the Kanno Disturbance), aiming at the manors of the Province of Omi (provincial constable: Rokkaku clan), the Province of Mino (provincial constable: Yoriyasu TOKI) and the Province of Owari (provincial constable: Yoriyasu TOKI) all of which were the bloodiest battlefields in the disturbance.
- ところが、尊氏が死ぬと鎌倉公方であった足利基氏(尊氏の子)は自分の腹心でありながら観応の擾乱では尊氏と敵対した前上野・越後守護職上杉憲顕を強引に関東管領に復帰させた上に、上杉憲顕が上野・越後守護職を氏綱から強引に返還させようとした。
- After Takauji died, however, Motouji ASHIKAGA (Takauji's son), the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) forcibly reinstated the former Kozuke and Echizen Shugoshoku, Noriaki UESUGI, who was his trusted retainer but an opponent of Takauji in the Kanno Disturbance, as the Kanto Kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), and Noriaki UESUGI tried to make Ujitsuna return the post of Shugoshoku to him.
- だが、庶出ながら一人息子であった真里谷信隆に家の実権を譲った後に正室から次男真里谷信応が生まれると、「嫡出の信応を後継者とすべき」とする一派と「一度信隆を後継者と決めた以上は変えるべきではない」とする一派に家臣団は分裂してしまった。
- When his second son Nobumasa MARIYA was born to his legal wife after he had handed over the real power in the clan to his illegitimate son Nobutaka MARIYA, vassals were divided into two groups of people who insisted the 'legitimate son Nubumasa should be the successor' and another group of people who insisted 'Nobutaka was already nominated as the successor and it shouldn't be changed'.
- 例えば、明応7年(1498年)、越後国守護上杉房能は、越後国内において守護使不入の主張を認めない事を宣言し、永正年間には駿河国守護今川氏親が幕府の許可を得ずに遠江国守護斯波氏を追って同国を支配して守護使不入地に対しても検地を行った。
- In 1498, for example, Fusayoshi UESUGI, the Governor of Echigo Province, declared that he would not approve to claim shugoshi funyu within Echigo Province, and during the Eisho era (1504-1521) Ujichika IMAGAWA, the Governor of Suruga Province, expelled the Shiba clan, the Governor of Totomi Province, without permission of the bakufu, ruled the province, and conducted a land survey even in the territories specified as shugoshi funyuchi.
- 壬生孝亮はこの中で近年出納が諸社に対する官幣を行い、陣儀に参仕していることは「旧儀」に反すること、出納は本来凡卑の家柄であるにも関わらず身分不相応の知行を得て、衣冠束帯を身に付けており、両局と並肩しているのは「違乱」であると主張した。
- In the dispute, Takasuke MIBU stated that 'suino' carried out imperial offerings to shrines and 'suino' was present at the conference of the court nobles in those days, which violated 'the old rules,' and besides, 'suino' obtained too much income, wore formal attire and daily attire in the imperial court, and behaved equivalent to 'the two major offices' in spite of its humble origin, all of which disturbed the order.
- 当初は宮中儀礼において必要に応じて定められた地位であったが、後に皇女の優遇のために置かれるようになり、天皇と配偶関係にない皇女が准母・皇后として冊立された例も多い(これを准母立后と称し、このように后となった内親王を尊称皇后とも呼ぶ)。
- At first junbo was the status which was named accordingly in court ceremony, later it was put to give good treatment to imperial princesses, and there were many examples that imperial princesses who were not married to the emperor were named as a junbo and empress (it is called junbo-rikko [investiture of junbo and empress], and an imperial princess who became an empress in this way is also called a Sonsho kogo [honorific empress who is not a wife of the emperor]).
- 正応元年6月10日 (旧暦)(1288年7月9日)の伏見天皇による殺生禁止の宣旨には、宣旨を適用する洛中の外側を「近境」と表現して、東は東山 (京都府)の下、南を赤江(現在の伏見区羽束師古川町)、西を桂川の東、北を賀茂の山と定めている。
- In an July 16, 1288, imperial decree by Emperor Fushimi prohibiting hunting and fishing, the area outside Rakuchu to which the ban applied was referred to as 'Kinkyo' and specified as an area extending to the base of Mt. Higashi (Kyoto Prefecture) in the east, Akae (modern-day Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi Ward) in the south, the eastern side the Katsura-gawa River in the west, and Mt. Kamo in the north.
- 更に足利義満以後、将軍の親裁が強まり、管領や評定衆の発言力の強い評定よりも自らの主導権が発揮できる御前沙汰に審議の場を移し、形式的な評定始を行った後に改めて御前沙汰始を開いて年始最初の政務とするようになり、応仁の乱以後は全く形骸化した。
- Also, since Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's rein, the shogun decided on most state affairs by having discussions in gozensata (the formal consultation) where he could take the initiative, rather than in hyojo where kanrei and hyojoshu held too much influence against him, so gozensata-hajime (the first gozensata in the New Year) was held as the first work of State in the New Year after having a ritual hyojohajime, which only existed in name after the Onin war.
- 同じころ、伊勢の山田には年寄による自治制度(山田三方)があったほか、伊勢の大湊にも会合衆による自治組織が、また博多は12人の年行司が町を治め、庄内酒田には町政を取り仕切った三十六人衆がいるなど、それぞれの都市に応じた制度で自治が行われた
- In the same period, the elders of Yamada in Ise, headed a self-government system called 'Yamadasanpo,' a form of self-government was also found in Egoshu in Ominato, Ise, while in Hakata, twelve Nengyoji (town officials) were administering the city, and in Shonai Sakata the Sanju-roku-nin shu with thirty-six members were in control of town administration; all these are examples of self-government that was suited to their respective cities.
- この貿易自由化を皮切りとして、やがて洋酒の輸出国は、日本の従価税のかけ方では輸入酒に運賃や保険料の分まで税金がかかってしまうとして、アルコール度数に応じて課税するという西洋諸国の税制に日本も変更するようさらなる要求をしてくることとなる。
- Triggered by this trade liberalization, exporting countries of foreign liquors requested Japan to change the taxation in accordance with the degree of alcohol because an ad valorem duty in Japan was imposed on imported liquors with including transport costs and insurance costs.
- これは明治の歴史学者星野恒の唱えたもので、明治30年代に石清水八幡宮祠官田中家文書の中に源頼信が応神天皇陵に納めたとされる永承元年(1046年)告文に「先人新発其先経基其先元平親王其先陽成天皇其先清和天皇」と明記してある事を根拠としたもの。
- The historian Hisashi HOSHINO in the Meiji period stated this theory, which was supported by descriptions between 1897 and 1906 in the family document of the Tanaka family, who were Shinto priests of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, that the Imperial instruction of 1046, which was dedicated to the Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin by MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, explicitly described that: 'the ancestors are Shinbochi, Tsunemoto, Imperial Prince Motohira, Emperor Yozei, and Emperor Seiwa, from newest to oldest.'
- 刑罰について特別の斟酌(しんしゃく)をうける六議(ろくぎ)の制度のみならず、有位者がその位階に応じて罪の軽減をうけたり、また現実には、八虐(はちぎやく)・殺人などの重罪を犯さないかぎり一般の刑罰をうけることがなかったことは、その一例である。
- For instance, in addition to the rokugi (six considerations) system where special allowance was made for punishment, those with rank had their punishment reduced based upon their rank, or in reality, did not receive general punishment unless they committed crimes such as hachigyaku (the eight most abominable acts or omissions) or homicide.
- これには「玉穂宮天皇大御世系」とあり、その下に「品陀和気命(御諡 応人天皇) ─ 若沼毛二俣王 ─ 大郎子(亦名 意本杼王) ─ 宇斐王 ─ 汙斯王(書記云 彦主人王)─ 袁本杼命(書記云 更名 彦太尊 御諡 継体天皇)」と彫り込まれている。
- Under the title 'Genealogy of Emperor Tamaho no miya', the inscription says 'Homudawake no Mikoto (posthumous name Emperor Ojin) - Wakanukefutamata no Miko - Ooiratsuko (a man whose name is 意本杼王) - Oi no Okimi - Ushi no Okimi (according to Nihonshoki, Hikoushio) - Oodo no Okimi (according to Nihonshoki, other name Hikofu no Mikoto, posthumous name Emperor Keitai)'.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- のち長慶天皇を経て後亀山天皇が践祚するに及び、1373年(文中2年、北朝の応安6年)8月よりまた賀名生を皇居とし以後1392年(元中9年、北朝の明徳3年)京都に帰って三種の神器を後小松天皇に伝えるまで20年間、賀名生は南朝の皇居の所在地であった。
- Later, the Emperor Gokameyama ascended the throne after the Emperor Chokei, and in August of 1373 the Imperial Palace was once again situated in Ano; for twenty years until returning to Kyoto in 1392 and the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family were given to Emperor Gokomatsu, Ano was the place where the Imperial Palace of the Southern Court was located.
- 延元3年/暦応元年(1338年)、後醍醐天皇らを吉野に追った尊氏が、京で持明院統の光明天皇から征夷大将軍に任ぜられ室町幕府が開かれると、道誉は功績を評され引付衆、評定衆、政所、近江国、飛騨国、出雲国、若狭国、上総国、摂津国の守護を務めることとなる。
- In 1338 when Takauji, who expelled Emperor Godaigo and others to Yoshino, was appointed to Shogun by Emperor Komyo of the Jimyoin Line in Kyoto and the Muromachi bakufu was opened, Doyo's contribution was recognized and he took the positions of Hikitsukeshu (trial officers), Hyojoshu (Council of State), Mandokoro (the Office of Administration), and Shugo (military governor) of Omi, Hida, Izumo, Wakasa, Kazusa, and Settsu Provinces.
- もと「穴太」(あなふ)と書いたが、後村上天皇が皇居を吉野からこの地に移した際に、南朝による統一を願って叶名生(かなう)と改め、さらに1351年(正平 (日本)6年、北朝_(日本)の観応2年)、いったん統一が叶うと(正平一統)「賀名生」に改めたという。
- Originally it was written as '穴太' (read as 'Anafu'); however, when the Emperor Gomurakami moved the Imperial Palace from Yoshino to this place, he changed the characters to 名生 (read as 'Kanau', which in Japanese means 'wish coming true') with the hope for unification by the Southern Court, and once the unification was realized in 1351 (Shohei Itto [temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts]), he changed the name to '賀名生' (read as 'Kanau').
- 応神天皇の崩御後、皇位を継ごうと企み、有力候補の菟道稚郎子・大鷦鷯皇子(後の仁徳天皇)らを殺害しようと数百の兵とともに挙兵するが、船で淀川を渡る際に、計画を察知した大鷦鷯皇子から話を聞いた菟道稚郎子が渡し守に紛し、船をわざと転覆させたため、水死した。
- After Emperor Ojin passed away, he plotted to succeed the Imperial Throne, and with hundreds of soldiers, he raised an army against Iratsuko UJINOWAKI and Osasagi no miko (the later Emperor Nintoku) who were strong candidates for the succession, but when he was crossing the Yodo-gawa River on a ship, he drowned because Iratsuko UJINOWAKI who heard the story from Osasagi no miko that suspected Oyamamori no miko's plan, disguised himself as a ferryman and purposely capsized the ship.
- 射距離によって標的のどの部分を狙うか、伝書に図入りで示され、目的に応じた各種の「射撃姿勢」が描かれ,各据銃姿勢による体の各部位の力の配分や、息遣い、また、「寒夜聞霜(照準時の心持として寒夜に霜を聞くことができるような精神統一)」等を名言として伝えた。
- In the book of secrets, which part of the target to be aimed at in different shooting ranges is shown with illustrations; various 'shooting postures' for different purposes, how to distribute power of each part of the body in each shooting posture, and how to take a breath are also described; the desirable state of mind at sighting a target is expressed with a skillful metaphor as Kanya bunso (mental concentration that one can even sense the frosts coming in a winter night).
- 尊氏は義詮を京に残して南朝との交渉を任せて直義追討のために出陣し、翌1352年(正平7年/観応3年)には直義を駿河国薩埵山(埵は漢字では土へんに「垂」、静岡県静岡市)、相模国早川尻(神奈川県小田原市)などの戦いで破って鎌倉に追い込み、直義を降伏させる。
- Takauji left Yoshiakira in Kyoto to be in charge of the negotiations with the Southern Court, and took forces to attack Tadayoshi, and in 1352, he defeated Tadayoshi at battles in Mt. Satta, Suruga Province (Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Hayakawariji, Sagami Province (Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture) and chased him into Kamakura, where Tadayoshi surrendered.
- 慶応3年3月10日 (旧暦)(1867年4月14日)、新選組を離脱し御陵衛士(高台寺党)を結成した伊東甲子太郎は勤王倒幕運動に勤しみ、薩摩と通謀して近藤勇を暗殺しようとたくらんでいる事が、新選組が間諜として潜り込ませていた斎藤一によって明らかとなった。
- On April 14, 1867 (March 10 according to the old calendar), a plan by Kashitaro ITO (who broke away from the Shinsengumi and organized the Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums, also known as Kodaiji-to) and led a movement to revere the emperor and overthrow the shogunate) to assassinate Isami KONDO (head of the Shinsengumi) together with Satsuma was outed by Hajime SAITO, a spy that was sent from the Shinsengumi.
- 麦焼酎は1960年代まで焼酎の中ではメジャーな存在ではなかったが、東京農業大学の柳田藤治によってイオン交換を麦焼酎へ応用する手法が開発され、宮崎県の柳田酒造によって実際の使用方法が確立すると多くの麦焼酎メーカーがイオン交換濾過法を導入することとなった。
- Until 1960's barley shochu was not major among various kinds of shochu, but Fujiharu YANAGIDA at Tokyo University of Agriculture developed a technique to apply ion exchange to barley shochu and after Yanagita Shuzo in Miyazaki Prefecture established the actual use of the technique, a lot of barley shochu makers introduced the ion exchange filtration.
- 応神の和風諡号である「ホムダ」は飾りの多い8代以前の天皇と著しく違っている事から実在とみなす説、三王朝交代説における征服王朝の創始者とする説、邪馬台国東遷説にまつわり皇室の先祖として祭られている神(宇佐八幡)とする説、河内王朝の始祖と見なす説などである。
- They include a theory which regards Ojin to be actual because his Japanese-style posthumous name, 'Homuda,' is extremely different from the embellished ones of the Emperors before the eighth, a theory which postulates that he is the founder of the conquering dynasty in the rotation theory of three dynasties, a theory to regard him as the god (Usa Hachiman) enshrined as an ancestor of the Imperial Family in relation to relocation of the Yamatai-Koku Kingdom to the east, a theory to regard him as the founder of the Kawachi dynasty, etc.
- -「館の者共」(国司の私的従者+在庁官人)と異なり、「国の兵共」は、「譜第図」「胡簗注文」などの台帳に記載され、国司主催の狩りや、一宮での流鏑馬など、必要に応じて招集される程度のものであり、自分自身の直接的利害に関わらなければ命を懸けて戦ったりはしない。
- It differed from '館の者共' (private servant of the governor and Zaichokanjin) in the way that '兵共 (soldiers) of the province' were registered in things such as 'Fudaizu' and 'Yanagui chumon' (list of warriors), participated in hunting hosted by the governor, yabusame (horseback archery) at Ichinomiya (shrine with the highest ranking in the area), summoned with need, and did not fight to death if their interests were not directly involved.
- 後南朝は次第に勢力を失い、応仁の乱において小倉宮の末裔(『大乗院寺社雑事記』には小倉宮の子孫との記述あり)と称し、岡崎前門主という人物の息子が山名宗全により洛中の西陣に迎えられた(これを「西陣の南帝」と呼ぶ)との記録を最後に、歴史上にあらわれなくなった。
- The Gonancho forces gradually lost their power, and during the Onin War were labeled in historical records as descendants of Oguranomiya (in the 'Daijoin temple and shrine records of miscellaneous matters' they are listed as offspring of Oguranomiya), while the son of Zenmonshu (Gatekeeper) OKAZAKI being welcomed in the capital's western district (this son was called 'The Southern Emperor of the western district') by Sozen YAMANA is the last historical mention of them; after this point, they no longer appear in historical records.
- 鳥羽・伏見の戦い(とば・ふしみのたたかい, 慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)-1月6日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日-1月30日))は、戊辰戦争の緒戦にあたり、京都南郊の上鳥羽(京都市南区 (京都市))、下鳥羽、竹田、伏見(京都市伏見区)で行われた戦いである。
- The Battle of Toba-Fushimi from January 27 to 30, 1868 was the beginning of the Boshin War, and was fought in Kamitoba (Minami Ward, Kyoto City) on the outskirts of southern Kyoto, Shimotoba, Takeda, and Fushimi (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).
- 元中3年(1386年)南朝より源朝臣を賜姓(後醍醐源氏)され、征夷大将軍右近衛大将となって各地を転戦するが、応永31年(1424年)上野国から三河国に向かう途中、信濃国浪合村(長野県下伊那郡阿智村)の山麓で敵軍(北朝側の土豪・地侍)に囲まれ、自害したという。
- In 1386, the name of Minamoto no Ason (Godaigo Genji, or Minamoto clan in Emperor Godaigo lineage) was bestowed upon him by the Southern Court, and he fought in battles in many places as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), but in 1424, when he was heading from Kozuke Province to Mikawa Province, he was surrounded by enemies (local clans and samurai who sided with the Northern Court) at Namiai-mura, Shinano Province (present-day Achi-mura, Shimoina-gun, Nagano Prefecture), and committed suicide.
- 2代将軍足利義詮が死去すると、管領細川頼之は3代将軍足利義満を補佐して執政をはじめ、楠木正儀を寝返らせるなど対南朝工作や九州の南朝勢力排除のための今川貞世派遣、内政においては新興の禅宗である南禅寺と旧仏教勢力の比叡山との対立問題の対応や半済の実施などを行う。
- When the second Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, died, the Kanrei (regent) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA gave his support and advice to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, and helped usher in a new administration, and engineered Masanori KUSUNOKI's defection and other anti-Southern Court efforts as well as dispatching Sadayo IMAGAWA to Kyushu as part of a push to eliminate the Southern Court's forces there, while in domestic, nonmilitary affairs, he crafted a response to the problematic conflict between Nanzen-ji Temple, which represented the new Zen sect, and Mt. Hiei, representing the old guard of influential Buddhist temples, and also implemented the hanzei (half-tax).
- この動きにより、地頭請、下地中分等を通じた武家の側からのみならず、領家側からの一円知行化が活発となり、領家職を持つ地頭や地頭職を持つ領家が現れるなど、従来の身分格差に応じた職の体系が崩れだし、荘園・公領における領家職・地頭職のあり方が大きく変わることとなった。
- This development stimulated the proliferation of Shinryo ichien chigyo not only from the samurai side through jito-uke (system under which the jito controls a manor and pays a fixed fee to its owner) and shitaji-chubun (halving of revenue source land) but also from ryoke (lords of manors), resulting in the beginning of breakdown of the traditional system of occupational positions based on status differences, which involved the emergence of jito having a ryoke position and vice versa, and eventually in a major change of ryoke positions and jito positions in manors and public estates.
- しかし勲功への処遇の不満や、国衙側が彼等の新興の武人としての誇りを踏みにじるような徴税収奪に走ったり、彼らが武人としての自負から地域紛争に介入したときの対応を誤ったりしたことをきっかけに起きたのが、藤原純友や平高望の孫の平将門らによる反乱、承平天慶の乱であった。
- However, they were dissatisfied with the treatment for their deeds of valor and were disgraced as emerging warriors by kokugas, who forcibly collected taxes from them; also when they interfered with the regional conflicts out of their self-pride as warriors, the kokugas failed to handle the situation well, all of which triggered the revolts by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado who was a grandson of TAIRA no Takamochi, and others, namely, the Johei and Tengyo War.
- 戦前には娯楽が少ない中で映画がその中心を占め、活動弁士もその状況に応じて活躍するようになり、西村楽天、徳川夢声、大蔵貢、生駒雷遊、國井紫香、静田錦波、谷天郎、山野一郎、牧野周一、伍東宏郎、泉詩郎、里見義郎、松田春翠、大辻司郎のような人気弁士も現れるようになった。
- With few forms of entertainment available before World War Ⅱ, movies played a central role, so katsudo benshi became active and some popular ones emerged including Rakuten NISHIMURA, Musei TOKUGAWA, Mitsugu OKURA, Raiyu IKOMA, Shiko KUNII, Kinpa SHIZUTA, Tenro TANI, Ichiro YAMANO, Shuichi MAKINO, Koro GOTO, Shiro IZUMI, Yoshiro SATOMI, Shunsui MATSUDA, and Shiro OTSUJI.
- 足利政権では有力守護の佐々木道誉、3代将軍の足利義満のもとで管領を務めた細川頼之などが南朝の楠木正儀と独自に交渉を行っていたが、長慶天皇は北朝に対して強硬的な人物であったと考えられており、和睦交渉は一時途絶し、翌1369年(正平23年/応安2年)に正儀は北朝へ投降する。
- The prominent provincial constable, Doyo SASAKI, and Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA who was the regent of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA (third shogun), and other members of the Ashikaga government held independent negotiations with Masanori KUSUNOKI of the Southern Court, but Emperor Chokei took a strong stance towards the Northern Court, leading to a break down in the peace negotiations, and in 1369, Masanori surrendered to the Northern Court.
- その後一時期臨済宗に改まるものの、3代目にあたる法住(応永4年(1397年)-文明_(日本)12年(1480年))・明顕(4代目、文安2年(1445年)-永正6年(1509年))親子が、浄土真宗に復帰して本願寺に属すると、本願寺8世蓮如からの厚い信任を受けるようになった。
- In spite of some priests' temporarily conversion to the Rinzai sect, Honpuku-ji Temple was deeply trusted by Rennyo, the eighth chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple because Hoju (1397 to 1480) and his son, Myoken (1445-1509), the third and fourth head of the family, respectively, returned to the Jodo Shinshu sect and decided to work for Hongan-ji Temple.
- 戦国時代(せんごくじだい、1493年(1467年)頃-1573年頃)は、1493年の明応の政変頃あるいは1467年の応仁の乱頃をその始期とし、1573年に15代室町将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって追放されて室町幕府が事実上消滅するまでの時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Sengoku Period in Japan (from around 1493 (or 1467) to around 1573) is a chronological period in the history of Japan that commenced from the Coup of Meio in 1493 or the Onin Disturbance in 1467 and ended by the disappearance of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the purge of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA by Nobunaga ODA, the fifteenth shogun, of the Muromachi bakufu, in 1573.
- そのため能信が妻の姪にあたる養女茂子を妃に入れたのだが、いくら能信の養女でも実父が中納言では、東宮妃にはふさわしくないと非難されている(また、当時養女を妃に入れたのは最高実力者であった頼通のみであり、能信がそれを行うのは不相応であるという意味合いがあったとも言われている)。
- Due to the above background, Yoshinobu sent his wife's niece, and also his adopted daughter, Moshi to the Imperial Palace to become Empress; however, some people criticized that Moshi was not suitable as the Crown Prince's Empress since her real father's official rank was mere Chunagon (also it was only Yorimichi, who had the most political power at that time, to send an adopted daughter to become Empress, thus it is said that some people considered it was not appropriate for Yoshinobu to do that because his official rank was not high enough).
- 清の徐継畭の『瀛環志略』や李氏朝鮮の安鼎福の『東史綱目』には、倭寇の原因は日本に対する侵略行為(元寇)を行った高麗(朝鮮)への報復である、と記述されており、応永の外寇以前の前期倭寇は局地的な奪還・復讐戦であるとして『倭寇』と呼ばず、これ以降の後期倭寇を『倭寇』と考える説もある。
- In both the 'Ying huan zhi lue' by the Qing-period Chinese writer Jiyu XI and the 'Tongsa kangmok' by the Joseon-era Korean writer Chong Bok AN, the motivation of the Wako is considered to be retribution for Goryeo-era Korea's participation in the two invasions (by the Mongols) of Japan, and as such some have argued that the actions of the early Wako, who appeared before the Oei Invasion, should be considered a local effort to recapture lost wealth and a war of vengeance against Korea and China, so these pirates should not be called Wako (Japanese pirates); according to this theory, only pirates appearing after this point should be considered 'Wako,' or Japanese pirates.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に呼応した河内国の楠木正成や後醍醐天皇の皇子で天台座主から還俗した護良親王、護良を支援した播磨国の赤松則村(円心)らが幕府軍に抵抗し、さらに幕府側の御家人である上野国の新田義貞や下野国の足利尊氏(高氏)らが幕府から朝廷へ寝返り、諸国の反幕府勢力を集める。
- However, those who had responded to Emperor Godaigo's call to strike against the shogunate like Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, Emperor Godaigo's own son Imperial Prince Morinaga (also known as Moriyoshi), who had returned to secular life after serving as head abbot of the entire Tendai sect, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU of Harima Province, who provided Morinaga support, continued to resist the shogunal forces; moreover, shogunal supporters like the gokenin (lower samurai warrior vassals) Yoshisada NITTA of Kozuke Province and Takauji ASHIKAGA of Shimotsuke Province eventually turned against the shogunate and joined the Imperial cause, gathering together a force from all the various provinces sufficient to topple the shogunate.
- 「紀伊山地の霊場と参詣道」の世界遺産登録への動きが本格化する2000年(平成12年)前後には、1999年(平成11年)の南紀熊野体験博の開催と呼応するかたちで再調査が行われ、登録に先立つ2001年から2002年にかけての時期には、整備と復元・復旧を目的とする事業が特に積極的に行われた。
- Around 2000, as the campaign for registering 'holy places and pilgrimage routes in the Kii Mountains' as a World Heritage site was broaden; in 1999 re-investigation into the road was conducted with the opening of Japan Expo Nanki Kumano, and in 2001 and 2002, immediately before the registration, the projects for maintenance, restoration and reconstruction were energetically carried.
- 逆に、後世の女帝のあり方から類推すると、男子皇族間の皇位継承争いの予兆があってそれを緩和ないし未然に防ぐ意図があったかとも思われる(少なくともこの時、後の継体天皇が属した応神天皇に連なる息長氏系と、倭彦王が属した仲哀天皇に連なる家系の二つはあり、他にも男系子孫がいた可能性もなくはない)。
- On the contrary, estimating from the later Empress, as there was a predictor of a succession struggle among male Imperial families, she is thought to have tried to prevent or ease it in advance (at least at that time, there were two family lines such as Okinaga clan descending from Emperor Ojin whom the later Emperor Keitai belonged to and the family line descending from Emperor Chuai whom Yamato hiko no o belonged to and it is possible for her to have had the other male descendants).
- 長慶天皇(ちょうけいてんのう、興国4年/康永2年(1343年) - 応永元年8月1日 (旧暦)(1394年8月27日、在位:正平 (日本)23年/応安元年3月11日 (旧暦)(1368年3月29日) - 弘和3年/永徳3年(1383年)10月)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の第98代天皇である。
- Emperor Chokei (1343 – September 4, 1394; reign: April 6, 1368 – November 1383) was the ninety-eighth emperor of Japan, who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- このことから、他の王もそうであるとして、「讃」を応神天皇の実名ホムタワケの「ホム」から、「珍」を反正天皇の実名ミヅハワケの「ミヅ」から、「済」を允恭天皇の実名ヲアサヅマワクゴノスクネの「ツ」から、「興」を安康天皇の実名アナホの「アナ」を感嘆の意味にとらえたものから来ている、という説もある。
- If this theory can be applied to other kings, '讃' or 'Homu' may be for Emperor Ojin whose real name is Homutawake, '珍' or 'Mizu' for Emperor Hanzei (Mizuhawake), '済' or 'Tsu', for Emperor Ingyo (Woasazumawakugonosukune), and '興' for Emperor Anko (Anaho) because '興' means excitement and 'Ana' is a note of admiration.
- これにより旧幕府では薩摩打倒の機運が高まり、「薩摩の不法行為を誅する」とした上奏表(討薩表)を携え、京都を兵力で抑えるべく、旧幕府側の幕府歩兵隊、会津藩兵、桑名藩兵などが大阪から進軍し、薩摩藩・長州藩の軍勢と慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、京都南郊外の鳥羽と伏見で衝突した。
- This incident gathered momentum among the former Shogunate to fight against the Satsuma Domain; with the statement to the Emperor declaring that they would avenge Satsuma's wrongs (to-satsu-hyo), the Shogunate infantry of the former Shogunate and warriors of the Aizu and Kuwana Domains advanced from Osaka to pacify Kyoto and they clashed with the forces of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains in Toba and Fushimi on the outskirts of southern Kyoto on January 27, 1868.
- しかし、長行や勝静らが函館まで転戦し、最後まで幕府に忠義を尽くしたのとは違い、この正邦は慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争において藤堂高猷の裏切りにより敗走する幕府軍兵が淀城に入城しようと保護を求めてきたとき、淀藩ではそれを一方的に拒否して城門を開こうとすらしなかった(藩主・正邦はこの時江戸城にいた)。
- However, when Nagamichi and Katsukiyo fought in the Battle of Hakodate, faithful to the Tokugawa shogunate to the end, the Yodo Domain under the rule of Masakuni refused point blank to open the gate of Yodo castle when the shogunate troops who had been betrayed by Takayuki TODO and routed in the Boshin War of 1868 asked for shelter (Masakuni was in Edo Castle at the time).
- 応神天皇の遊興の地となり、654年には離宮として吉野宮(宮滝遺跡)がおかれたとされ、大化の改新後の古人大兄皇子、または壬申の乱の直前の大海人皇子(天武天皇)及びその妻・鸕野皇女(持統天皇)の隠遁地、持統天皇の行幸の地として記されている吉野は、現在の吉野町の宮滝付近にあった離宮・吉野宮を指すものと思われる。
- Yoshino which was recorded as the place of the Emperor Ojin's pleasure, places of Yoshino no miya (Miyataki ruins) as a detached palace established in 654, a place for seclusion for Furuhito no Oe no Miko after Taika no Kaishin (Great Reformation of the Taika Era) or Oama no Miko (later, Emperor Tenmu) and his wife, Uno no Himemiko (later, Empress Jito) immediately before Jinshin War, and the destination for imperial visit of the Empress Jito is considered to mean the detached place, Yoshino no miya, which was located in the vicinity of Miyataki of present Yoshino-cho.
- しかし11世紀半ばに荘園の一円化が進み、諸国の荘園公領間で武力紛争が頻発するようになると、荘園及び公領である郡、郷、保の徴税、警察、裁判責任者としての荘園の荘官(荘司)や公領の郡司、郷司、保司に軍事紛争に対応できる武士が任命されることが多くなり、これらを領地とする所領経営者としての武士が成立したのである。
- However during the middle of the 11th century shoens spread rapidly and the armed conflicts between shoen koryos (public lands and private estates) in various provinces often happened, and many bushi were appointed to shokan (an officer governing shoen) of shoen or gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and hoji (an officer governing koryo, or public land) of koryo (public lands) as the managers of tax collection, police activity and justice for shoens or koryo such as gun, go, and ho; consequently the bushi were established as the managers of public lands who owned these lands.
- 南北朝合一時の約束「明徳の和約」では天皇は北朝 (日本)系(持明院統)と南朝系(大覚寺統)から交代で出す(迭立)ことになっていたが、1412年(応永19年)に北朝系の後小松天皇の次代として後小松上皇の皇子称光天皇が即位したことをきっかけに、北朝系によって天皇位が独占されるようになったのに反抗して起こった。
- Under the 'Meitoku Compromise,' an agreement reached when the Northern and Southern Courts were unified, the Imperial throne would alternate between candidates from the (Japanese) Northern dynasty (of the Gofukakusa lineage) and the Southern dynasty (of the Kameyama lineage), but in 1412 Emperor Gokomatsu of the Northern lineage broke precedent by enthroning his son Prince (Emperor) Shoko as his successor, in a bid to monopolize the Imperial throne for the Northern dynasty lineage, which provoked hostility among former Southern Court supporters.
- 1354年(正平9年、北朝の文和3年)10月に河内天野山金剛寺 (河内長野市)(大阪府河内長野市)に、6年後の1359年(正平14年、北朝の延文4年/応安元年)には河内観心寺(河内長野市)に移り、さらに翌年住吉に移って住吉行宮の祠宮津守氏の館を皇居とし1368年(正平23年、北朝の貞治7年)ここで死去した。
- In October of 1354, the Emperor Gomurakami moved to Amano-san Kongo-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City) (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture), and six years later in 1359, to Kanshin-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City), and furthermore in the following year he moved to Sumiyoshi to make the residence of the Hokoramiya (Shinto priest) Tsumori clan, known as the Sumiyoshi-angu (temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit in Sumiyoshi), the Imperial Palace, where he died in 1368.
- 武内宿禰(たけうちのすくね・たけのうちの-・たけしうちの-、景行天皇14年(84年)? - 仁徳天皇55年(367年)4月 (旧暦)?)は、『古事記』『日本書紀』で大和朝廷初期(景行天皇・成務天皇・仲哀天皇・応神天皇・仁徳天皇の5代の天皇の時期)に棟梁之臣・大臣として仕え、国政を補佐したとされる伝説的人物。
- TAKEUCHI no Sukune (his name can also be pronounced TAKENOUCHI no -, TAKESHIUCHI no -, 84? - April 367? (old lunar calendar)) was a legendary person recorded in the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), who is said to have served as the Munemachi no Kimi or Oomi (Grand Minister) and advised the government during the early Yamato Dynasty (a period covering the reigns of Emperor Keiko, Emperor Seimu, Emperor Chuai, Emperor Ojin, and Emperor Nintoku).
- 段仕込み(だんじこみ)とは、日本酒の醸造工程の一つである日本酒醪(もろみづくり)において、その前の工程で造られた日本酒酒母(しゅぼ)もしくは酛(もと)へ、日本酒麹と日本酒蒸しマイを三段階に分けて加えていくことによって、酵母に対して適応可能なゆるやかな環境変化を与え、その活性を損なわないようにする工夫のこと。
- Danjikomi is one of the brewing steps and means of making unfiltered Japanese sake where the yeast and rice are added over three steps to the yeast mash or moto (another term for sake producing yeast) to provide a mild environmental change for yeast to adapt to while not losing its productivity.
- 後亀山天皇(ごかめやまてんのう、正平 (日本)2年/貞和3年(1347年)? - 応永31年4月12日 (旧暦)(1424年5月10日))は、南北朝時代 (日本)の第99代、南朝最後の第4代天皇(在位:弘和3年/永徳3年(1383年)10月 - 元中9年/明徳3年10月5日 (旧暦)(1392年11月19日))。
- Emperor Gokameyama (1347? - May 10, 1424) was the ninety-ninth Emperor in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the last and fourth Emperor in the Southern Court (reign: November/December 1383 - November 19, 1392).
- 西園寺家の鳥羽の荘園は鳥羽荘と称されて、『管見記』によれば応仁の乱最中の文明 (日本)年間にも西園寺家の支配が確認でき、室町幕府官僚の大舘尚氏による『大舘常興日記』には大永5年(1527年)に行われていた西園寺家の鳥羽荘と久我家の久我荘の境相論についての覚書が残されているなど、戦国時代 (日本)まで同家の所領であった。
- The manor in Toba, called Toba no sho, was owned by the Saionji family as their shoryo (territory) until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) as described in 'Kankenki' (The house diary of the Saionji family) which shows the manor was ruled by the Saionji family during the Onin War in Bunmei era (1469 to 1486), and in 'Odachi Joko Nikki' (The Diary of Joko ODACHI) written by Hisauji ODACHI, who was a bureaucrat of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which contains a memorandum regarding the dispute over the boundaries between the Saionji family's Toba no sho and the Koga family's Koga no sho (manor), and so on.
- これに対して興膳宏は、東・西、と北・南で巻題の命名に対応関係が見られること(とくに東・西の巻ではそれぞれ巻頭に小序が付されていてそれが顕著である)、また体裁の面でも東・西の巻が諸家の論を空海自身の裁量で取捨しているのに対し、南・北の巻ではそのままの形で引用されていることが多いなど、対になっているのは明らかだとしている。
- In response to this, Hiroshi KOZEN explained that evidently pairs were made, as the titles of the volume corresponded to each other such as East against West, and North against South (particularly the volumes of East and West were noticeable because they had small prefaces in the beginning), and concerning the format, in the volumes of East and West Kukai selected each family's comments on his own discretion, while in the volumes of South and North they were cited as they were.
- 後嵯峨上皇の下で記録所が再建され、続く亀山上皇院政下の1286年(弘安9年)には、院評定を徳政沙汰(人事・寺社などの行政問題)と雑訴沙汰(所領・金銭などの一般的な訴訟)に分割するなどの改革を行い(「弘安徳政」)、1293年(正応6年・永仁元年)には伏見天皇(のち上皇)が記録所を徳政推進の機関として充実を図った(「永仁徳政」)。
- The Retired Emperor Gosaga re-established Kirokusho and in 1286, the Retired Emperor Kameyama cloistered government promoted reforms ('Koan-Tokusei,' political reforms in the Koan era) such as dividing In-hyojo into Tokusei-sata (governmental issues related to personnel and temples/shrines) and Zasso-sata (ordinary court cases related to property, money, etc.) and in 1293, Emperor Fushimi (later the Retired Emperor) enhanced Kirokusho as the organization for promoting tokusei ('Enin-Tokusei,' political reforms in the Enin era).
- しかしながら、こういった立憲君主との考えをば大衆をして浸透しなかったようで(それは美濃部の弁明を新聞で読んだ大衆の反応と、貴族院 (日本)での反応の温度差に明らかであり)、一連の騷動以後は天皇主権説が台頭したため、それらの論者は往々にしてこの立憲君主の考えを「西洋由来の学説の無批判の受け入れである(『國體の本義』より要約)」と断じた。
- However, it seems that the idea of the constitutional monarchy didn't prevail to the public (this was obvious from the difference in reactions between of the public who had read Minobe's explanation on newspapers and of the House of Peers [Japan]), and since the theory of the imperial sovereignty got an advantage after a series of turmoil, these people tended to advocate that the idea of the constitutional monarch was 'uncritical acceptance of western theory (summarized from 'Kokutai no Hongi' [the primordial doctrine of the national]).'
- 応仁の乱後の文明11年(1479年)に室町殿や内裏の造営が開始されたものの、都市の荒廃による環境悪化によって疫病や火災、盗賊、一揆などの発生が頻発したこと、加えて在京していた守護大名やその家臣達(都市消費者として一定の役割を果たしていた)が領国の政情不安のために帰国したまま帰ってこなかったこともあり、京都の再建は順調とは言えなかった。
- In 1479, after the Onin War, the reconstruction of Muromachi-dono (the Shogun's residence) and the Imperial Palace was started, but the absence of shugo daimyos and their vassals (who had played a more or less substantial role as urban consumers) who had previously lived in Kyoto, but later returned to their politically unstable territories, on top of the frequent occurrence of epidemics, fires, burglaries and uprisings in the deteriorated environment of the devastated city, prevented the reconstruction of Kyoto from steady progress.
- これに対して霊元上皇は他家にも伝わっているにも関わらず二条家の独占になっているのは相応の理由があるからであるとして、たとえ二条家当主が現職の摂関・大臣でなくても「即位灌頂」のみは二条家当主が行う事、もし当主が幼くして二条家を継いだ場合には儀式の秘法を知るもう一人の存在である当代の天皇が責任をもって当主に伝授する事を裁定して公式に二条家の独占となった。
- In reply to the argument, the retired Emperor Reigen reasoned that there should have been a substantial reason why the position had been dominated by the Nijo Family despite the fact that the accession to the throne had come down to the other families, and judged that even if the head of the Nijo Family was not the incumbent regent, chief adviser to the Emperor or minister, only the 'Sokui kanjo' should be administered by the head of the Nijo Family, and that in the case where the family head inherited the Nijo Family while still young, the Emperor (who was the other that knew mysticism of the ceremony) should give instructions to the family head, all of which resulted in the official domination of the position by the Nijo Family.
- その理由は、「仲哀天皇がいまだ崩御していないという建前をとったためその代理だから」という意味か、または「特に理由はなく、称制も広義の摂政の中の一種という建前でただ慣習的に称制という言葉が使われなかっただけ」というわけなのか、あるいは「応神天皇は胎中天皇と称されたように胎児の頃からすでに正式な天皇であってその代理」という主旨なのか、いずれにしてもよくわからない。
- The reason for above is unknown, although there are some possibilities of the following, 'since Emperor Chuai's death was not announced officially after he died, and it was temporary measure,' or 'there was no particular reason, the word Shosei was being used as a custom, since it also meant Regent after all,' or 'Shosei meant temporarily government since Emperor Ojin was officially considered as proper Emperor and he was called Emperor Taichu (Taichu means inside mother's womb).'
- 1339年(延元4年/暦応2年)に後醍醐天皇が死去すると親房が南朝の指導的人物となるが、親房が1354年(正平9年/文和3年)に死去すると南朝はまた衰微し、幕府内での抗争で失脚した細川清氏が楠木正儀らと南朝に帰順して一時は京都を占拠するものの1367年(正平22年/貞治6年)に敗れ、以降は大規模な南朝の攻勢もなくなり、足利義詮時代には大内弘世や山名時氏なども帰服する。
- When Emperor Godaigo passed away in 1339, Chikafusa became the de facto leader of the Southern Court, but when Chikafusa himself died in 1354, the Southern Court again fell into decline; having lost the internal power struggle within the Ashikaga shogunate, Kiyouji HOSOKAWA switched allegiance to Masanori KUSUNOKI and the Southern Court and together managed to briefly occupy Kyoto, but in 1367 they were defeated, and thereafter the Southern Court lost its large-scale military might, and even suffered the loss of Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA, who submitted to the shogunate during the rule of Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- 広義には足利尊氏が1336年(建武 (日本)3年)に建武式目を制定し、1338年に正式に京都に幕府を開いてから、15代将軍足利義昭が1573年に織田信長によって追放されるまでの235年間の足利将軍の存続期間を指すのが一般的であるが、前期を南北朝時代 (日本)、後期を戦国時代 (日本)とそれぞれ区分して、南北朝合一から明応の政変(あるいは応仁の乱)までを狭義の室町時代とする場合も多い。
- In the broadest sense, the term 'Muromachi period' refers to the 235-year span during which the country was at least nominally ruled by an Ashikaga Shogun, beginning when Takauji ASHIKAGA enacted the Kenmu Code in 1336 before formally creating the bakufu in Kyoto in 1338, and ending when Nobunaga ODA exiled the fifteenth Shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, in 1573; however, both the early and late stages of the Muromachi period can also be classified as the Northern and Southern Courts (Nanbokucho) (Japan) and Sengoku periods, respectively, so many favor a narrower definition of the Muromachi period, in which it is limited to the span from the unification of the two courts (in 1392) until the outbreak of the Meio Coup (in 1492, or alternatively the outbreak of the Onin War in 1467).
- 倒幕の功に応じて十分な恩賞を与えられた武士は、足利尊氏、新田義貞、楠木正成ら一部に過ぎず、最初から倒幕運動に加わって六波羅攻略に功を立てた赤松則村(円心)が播磨国の守護職を没収されたり、1つの土地に何人もの領主が現れて混乱するなど倒幕の功に対する恩賞が不公平で、新政の初期から武士の不満は強かったと推測され、後醍醐の近臣である吉田定房や千種忠顕が詰め腹を切らされる形で出家させられている。
- Those who were amply rewarded for their meritorious contribution to the shogunate's defeat--Takauji ASHIKAGA, Yoshisada NITTA, Masashige KUSUNOKI, etc.--were only a tiny fraction of those who fought, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU, who had joined the struggle to overthrow the shogunate from the very beginning, was forced to forfeit his Protectorship of Harima Province, and the chaos caused by situations, like when a single plot of land found itself with multiple owners, showed the unfairness of the system to reward distinguished service against the shogunate, making it likely that discontent against the new government was strong right from the beginning; but Emperor Godaigo's vassals Sadafusa YOSHIDA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA were made to take the blame for this situation and were driven out of office and forced to take the tonsure.
- 1998年に当時の環境庁(現環境省)より提出されたSPEED98リスト(「内分泌攪乱化学物質問題への環境庁の対応方針について」)により、高熱の熱湯を注ぐことで発泡スチロール製の容器から内分泌攪乱化学物質(スチレンダイマー、スチレントリマー)が溶出し、スープや麺と一緒に摂取することで人体への影響があるとマスメディアからの批判を浴び、各メーカーが緊急に紙容器に切り替えるなど大きな問題となった。
- Based on the SPEED98 list ('the policy to handle the problem of endocrine-disrupting chemical material by the Environmental Agency') provided by the then Environmental Agency (the current Ministry of the Environment) in 1998, the mass media criticized that it would affect to human body by consuming endocrine-disrupting chemical material (styrene dimer and styrene trimer) eluted from a foamed polystyrene container after putting soup and noodles and pouring very hot water, consequently it became such a big problem that every manufacturer immediately switched to a paper container.
- 1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた(その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため)といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ(宝暦度 1764年(宝暦14年))や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。
- A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.
- 従って、後白河法皇が自己の政権維持のために平氏を利用して、高い官職を与え知行国を増やさせてきたという経緯や当時の社会問題に対する貴族社会の対応能力の無さという点には触れず、清盛と平氏一門がいかに専横を振るい、「驕れる者」であったかを強調している(だが、実際には少なくても治承3年以前における平氏の権力は後白河との強い関係の下で行使されたものが大半であり、その段階において清盛及び平氏一門が独裁的権力を有していたという具体的な事実は存在していない)。
- Therefore, they do not mention that the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa used the Taira clan to maintain his government by giving them high positions and increasing the number of provinces that they were custodians of, and the inability of the aristocracy at that time to deal with the social problems that they faced, but instead emphasize the arrogant behavior of Kiyomori and the Taira clan members (whereas in reality, at least up to 1179, the authority of the Taira clan was mostly due to the strong relationship with Goshirakawa and there is no specific evidence that Kiyomori or the Taira clan members had any dictatorial powers).