役目: 300 Terms and Phrases

• 役目
• duty
• business
• role
• part
• Purpose

• お役目
• duty

• 役目柄
• by virtue of one's office
• in the nature of one's duties
• nature of one’s duties

• 御役目
• duty

• 教師の役目
• the function of a teacher

• 役目を務める
• officiate as

• 役目を果たす
• function

• 広刀自の役目
• Roles of Hirotoji

• 思い起こす役目を果す
• serving to bring to mind

• その役目は卵を産むこと
• its function is to lay eggs

• 彼は効率的に役目を果たす
• he functions efficiently

• 大臣として役目を果たす人
• someone who serves as a minister

• 君の役目はこいつだけだ。
• Your task is confined to that.

• 牽引をして引く役目をする
• exerting traction and serving to pull

• その役目は僕で十分だろう？」
• Would I do for the job?'

• 地位や役目などを、引き受ける
• assume, as of positions or roles

• 九州支配と外交の役目を果たす。
• This office was effectively utilized for ruling the Kyushu area as well as for diplomacy.

• その後輩はすでに役目を終えた。
• The junior has already finished his part.

• 戦場にて旗指物の管理を行う役目。
• It played a role in taking charge of hatasashi-mono (battle flags) on the battlefield.

• 古い木箱がテーブルの役目をした。
• An old wooden box served as table.

• そのことを決めるのは君の役目だ。
• It live on you to decide the matter.

• 彼はその役目を引き受けましたか。
• Did he undertake the mission?

• 幕府の書記としての役目を務めた。
• They served as amanuenses of bakufu.

• 子音の役目を果たす母音のような音
• a vowellike sound that serves as a consonant

• 彼女は彼の妻と秘書の役目も兼ねる
• She doubles as his wife and secretary

• 誰かの保護者としての役目を務める
• act as a guardian to someone

• 詔勅を各省に伝達することが役目。
• The role was to transmit Shochoku to each minister.

• 唐楽で使われ、指揮者の役目を持つ。
• It was used in togaku (music from the Tang Dynasty China), and it controls the whole tune like a conductor.

• 私は園遊会で大切な役目を果たした。
• I played an important part in the garden party.

• 木工ぎりの役目は、穴を開けることだ
• the function of an auger is to bore holes

• テニスでボールを回収する役目の男性
• a boy who retrieves balls for tennis players

• 飛行中に機械の操作をする役目の乗組員
• the flight crewman responsible for mechanical operation while in flight

• この日までは無事役目をこなしてきた。
• He had been doing his duty perfectly until that day.

• 血液の身体の圧力を維持する役目を果たす
• serves to maintain the somatic pressure of the blood

• 詔勅を各省に伝達することが役目である。
• The official duty of this post was to deliver Shochoku (Imperial edict) to each ministry.

• 陰陽生10名を教育するのが役目であった。
• Onmyo hakase was responsible for training ten onmyo no sho (students of onmyo).

• 彼らのめんどうをみるのはあなたの役目だ。
• It is your business to take care of them.

• それを行うのが烏帽子親の役目とされていた。
• And it was the eboshi-oya's role to shave the young man's forelock.

• 彼は老人なので、面倒を見るのは君の役目だ。
• Now that he is old, it is your duty to look after him.

• 彼はこの役目を大きなチャンスと考えている。
• He looked on this role as his big chance.

• 模範、あるいは指導者としての役目をするもの
• something that serves as a model or guide

• 武家の奏請を朝廷に取り次ぐ役目を果たした。
• The purpose was to transmit petitions of the samurai families to the Emperor.

• 便所の不安を取り除く役目を与えられている。
• It plays a role in relieving anxiety over toilets.

• その役目の重要性から苗字帯刀を許されていた。
• Because of the importance of their role, they were allowed to adopt surnames and wear pairs of swords.

• 反対者の役目は、優柔不断者たちのためではない
• the role of the dissenter is not for the weak-kneed

• どちらを選ぶのかを決めるのはあなたの役目だ。
• It lies with you to decide which to choose.

• 祓神かつ水神で、穢を川や海に流す役目を持つ。
• She is the god of purification as well as the god of water and rain, and plays the role of washing impurities down rivers and the sea.

• 鎌倉の幕府を警備する役目を鎌倉大番役という。
• The post for guarding the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kamakura was called Kamakura obanyaku.

• このため正就は伊賀流同心の支配の役目は解かれた。
• Because of this incident, Masanari was dismissed as commander of Iga-doshin.

• それがまったくクッションの役目を果たさなかった。
• It didn't work as a cushion at all.

• 英語の副詞の中には形容詞の役目をするものがある。
• Some English adverbs function as adjectives.

• すなわち今夜の大活劇に、最も重要な役目を演じた、
• which had played so important a part in the evening's adventures.

• 殿上人を束ねる役目なので「殿上の別当」とも言う。
• As the role of a Kurodo no betto was to supervise the Tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace), it was also referred to as 'Tenjo no betto.'

• ただし上洛の際は定めの通り、役目は身分によること。
• However, when going to the capital (Kyoto) roles depend on predefined social status.

• 古代地中海世界ではフェニキア人がその役目を担った。
• In the ancient Mediterranean world the Phoenicians assumed the role of a money changer.

• 破風の小屋裏部屋のことで、出窓の役目をもっている。
• It was a Koyaura-beya (room in the space between a room and a ceiling) inside Hafu, which had a function of a bay window.

• 名前を付けたいと思う、または名前をつける役目を担う
• inclined to or serving for the giving of names

• トラブルを起こす人をバーや集会からつまみ出す役目の人
• a person whose duty is to throw troublemakers out of a bar or public meeting

• その時ジェーンを寝かしつけるのはウェンディの役目で、
• and then it was Wendy's part to put Jane to bed.

• 用人は、主君の用向きを伝えることを主たる役目とする。
• The Yonin role was mainly responsible for taking care of the lord's affairs.

• 雅楽における合奏では、小さなリズムを刻む役目を果たす。
• When used in concert, it plays the role of producing a steady rhythm.

• また、特別な役目を持つ櫓も同様に飾られることがあった。
• Moreover, the yagura with a special role might be decorated in a similar way.

• お茶子上方の寄席特有の楽屋で芸人を世話する役目の女性。
• Ochako: A female specific to yose in Kamigata who attends performers in the backstage area.

• 「修飾語」は、その名前のとおり、文を飾る役目をします。
• A 'modifier' has, just as it sounds, the role of embellishing sentences.

• 将軍（あるいは藩主）及び嫡子の護衛・警備を役目とする。
• The function of Kojunin was to guard and defend a shogun (or a domain lord) and his legitimate sons.

• また、国内外の様々な作物を育てる試験農場の役目も兼ねた。
• They also played a role in growing various domestic and foreign crops in an experimental farm.

• 1889年の内閣官制によって内閣職権はその役目を終えた。
• Since the Cabinet Organization Order was established in 1889, Naikaku-shokken was abolished.

• これは、倭姫命が神を祀る役目を負っていたことに由来する。
• This is because Yamatohime no Mikoto served as a priest who performed rituals for gods.

• 参勤交代、軍役等、果たす役目は、一般の藩士と同じである。
• The duties of the `Tojoshi` were identical with those of clan affiliated samurai and included roles such as: participating in the Sankinkotai detail (where feudal lords were required to spend alternate years residing in Edo) and, military service.

• 最近まで、女性の主な役目は結婚して子供を生むことであった。
• Until recently, the main function of women was to marry and give birth to children.

• 令嬢たちは、このような人道的な役目をするのを大いに喜んだ。
• The ladies were well pleased to perform this humane office,

• 古くは内裏に近侍する役目を担った童子を指したとも言われる。
• It is said that children who served at the Imperial palace were called Naiju in ancient times.

• 私がそれをしてあげるなんて思わないで。それはあなたの役目よ。
• Don't expect me to do it for you. It's your baby.

• 勅使饗応役のお役目が終わった直後の5月に阿久里と正式に結婚。
• Right after his finishing the duty as a person in charge of entertaining Imperial envoy, he married Aguri officially on May.

• また目貫（元来は目釘の役目をしていた）という装飾がつけられる。
• Then Menuki (hilt ornaments) (which originally had a role as Mekugi) is decorated.

• フットボールで、攻撃を防ぐために相手に体当たりをする役目の選手
• a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play

• 有史時代に多くの役目を果たした繊維をもたらすナイル谷の高いスゲ
• tall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times

• コケ、シダ、カビなどの根の役目を果たす様々な細長い糸状体の総称
• any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc

• 否定の反応の頻繁な目標で、別のものから注意を散らす役目をする人
• someone who is a frequent target of negative reactions and serves to distract attention from another

• 後にその役目を担った伝奏を特に「武家伝奏」と称するようになった。
• And later, the tenso who assumed the role of relaying the intention came to be called 'buke tenso' (liaison officers between the Imperial court and the military government).

• 一大率の役所は伊都国にあり、魏の刺史のような役目を果たしていた。
• The office for taisui was in the state of Ito, and served a similar function as shishi (provincial governor) in Wei.

• 老懸には紐がついており、冠が落ちないように固定する役目もあった。
• An oikake had a string and it helped a Court cap to be fixed in order not to fall from the head.

• 若水を汲むのは年男の役目とされたり、その家の女性が汲んだりした。
• The duty to draw wakamizu was assigned to toshi-otoko (a man born in the year current under the twelve-year cycle of the Orient zodiac), or a woman of the family drew it.

• そこでアリスは、なるべく優雅にその役目を果たそうとしたのでした。
• so Alice tried to submit to it with a good grace.

• 留学の後に藩の役目を辞し、妹に婿養子を迎えさせて家督を放棄する。
• After studying in Nagasaki, he resigned from his duties to the feudal domain and abandoned the headship of the family by adopting his younger sister's husband.

• 平定後、秋田城司となり城介の代行を務め、俘囚の長の役目を担った。
• After the rebellion was suppressed, he became the lord of Akita-jo Castle, worked as a deputy to the Provincial Governor, and was also in charge of supervising Fushu (Emishi [ancient Japanese northerners] who promised to obey Japanese Imperial Court).

• その後は、各種役目を歴任しつつ国許と江戸を往復する日々が続いた。
• After that, he took various posts while spending days coming and going between his hometown and Edo.

• 主に、沿線の炭鉱から産出される石炭を積出港に運搬する役目を担った。
• It mainly served to transport coal produced from the coal mines along the railway lines to the port of shipment.

• その花を、人のしらない国にある楽園にうつしうゑるのが、私の役目だ。
• and plant them out in the great garden of Paradise, in the unknown land;

• エアリエルは、キャリバンにこうした仕事をさせる役目をしていたのだ。
• and Ariel had the charge of compelling him to these services.

• 封建制の用向きを家中に伝達して、庶務を司ることを主たる役目とした。
• The Yonin handled feudal related matters on behalf of the whole samurai family and, was the key figure responsible for administering a broad range of matters.

• 1882年 研究機関として発足、同時に教育機関としての役目も担う。
• 1882: Established as a research institute with a role of an educational institute as well.

• 翌年正月には病没したことから、その役目は息子の今出川実尹が継承した。
• And then, as he died of a disease in February of the next year, his son Sanetada IMADEGAWA succeeded his father's duties.

• 現在は合奏の中で分散和音を奏しながらリズム的に支える役目をしている。
• Today, the instrument plays a role playing arpeggio and supports the rhythm in concerts.

• 爆撃機で、爆撃照準器を使い、標的に向かって爆弾を投下する役目の乗組員
• the member of a bomber crew responsible for using the bombsight and releasing the bombs on the target

• 「彼奴（きゃつ）はこの事件で少なからず重大な役目をしているんですよ」
• ``He has played a not unimportant part in this drama,''

• 勅旨や上奏を伝達する役目を受け持つなど、天皇の秘書的役割を果たした。
• Handling Imperial papers and conveying statements to Emperor, 'Kurodo no to' played a role that functioned something like a secretary to Emperor.

• 勅旨や上奏を伝達する役目を蔵人頭と受け持つ等、秘書的役割を果たした。
• The role was to perform that of a secretary like taking charge of transmitting Chokushi (imperial orders) and Joso jointly with Kurodo no to.

• なお、電波灯台としての役目もあり、現在はこちらの役割がより重要である。
• The Kyoga-misaki lighthouse also serves as a radio beacon; recently this role has been more significant.

• 長崎警護の役目がある唐津藩時代を除いて幕府の要職に付くことが多かった。
• Except the time in the Karatsu Domain when they served as police escort in Nagasaki, they mainly assumed Shogunate's key posts.

• また、将軍の御前で元服を行う大名・世子に礼儀作法を教える役目も担った。
• The officer was also in charge of teaching the etiquette concerned with the genpuku ceremony (the ceremony of celebrating the coming of age) for the heirs of daimyo who would attend the ceremony in front of shogun.

• 現在では、本来の役目ではなく式典の名物のひとつとなっていることが多い。
• Today, it almost lost its original function and became one of the features of ceremony.

• 行軍・行列の前衛部隊、目的地の先遣警備隊、城中警備係の3つの役目がある。
• Their duties were divided into three categories, i. e. the vanguard on a march or in a procession, Senkenkeibitai (advance army) to be sent to a destination, and the security guard inside a castle.

• この役目の折に浅野家と土方家のあいだで縁談話が持ち上がったと考えられる。
• It is likely that the discussion of marriage was raised between the Asano family and the Hijikata family when they served in charge of entertainment.

• 関東申次の役目を預かっていた西園寺家は鎌倉幕府の滅亡で役職を停止された。
• The Saionji family, who had served as moshitsugi (court-appointed liaisons with the bakufu), lost their post with the defeat of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• なお、撰国史所はその性格上、国史が完成すればその役目を終えることになる。
• Because of its nature, Shenkokushisho was abolished once the compilation work of official history book was completed.

• 能楽にあっては大小物の場合、囃子全体のリズムをリードする重要な役目を担う。
• An otsuzumi player takes an important role, i.e. leading the rhythm of an entire Nohgaku band when a tune is daishomono (played with three instruments of fue, a Japanese flute, kozutsumi and ozutsumi).

• その饗応指南役は天和3年（1683年）のお役目の時と同じ吉良義央であった。
• The instructor of entertainment was Yoshinaka KIRA, just like in 1683.

• 祭祀に際しては貴族が派遣されることになっており、その役目を荷前の使と呼んだ。
• Nobles who were sent to attend mausoleum rituals were known as 'nosaki no tsukai' (messengers sent to pay tributes).

• 天皇に常侍し、尚侍が行う奏請や伝宣を担当し、内侍宣を蔵人に伝える役目を行う。
• They always served for emperors and were in charge of Naishi no kami's roles such as introducing messages and transmitting imperial orders, and transmitted the official orders to Kurodo (Chamberlain).

• 江戸時代においては、「押足軽」と称する、中間・小者を指揮する役目の足軽もいた。
• During the Edo period there were also ashigaru who served to command chugen (a rank below common soldier) and komono (a lower servant).

• 前後して野迫川村内にも自動車道が通じると、生活道路としての役目はほぼ失われた。
• At almost the same time, the motor road was extended to Nosegawa Village, then, the role of Kohechi as a community road ended.

• 建物に住み、人の出入りを監督し、手紙を預かったり、玄関番やポーターの役目をする人
• lives on the premises and oversees people entering and leaving and handles mail and acts as janitor or porter

• 後には、西園寺左大臣の岳父という立場から朝廷と細川藩を結ぶ役目もしたようである。
• Later, he reportedly played a role in uniting the Imperial court and the Hosokawa domain based on the position of the father-in-low of Saionji Sadaijin (minister of the left).

• 荘園制において荘園領主が土地・人民を支配するための基本台帳としての役目を果たした。
• They functioned as residents' ledgers in order for the shoen owners to manage their lands and people.

• 後に造酒正が徴収を担当するようになり、造酒正を務める押小路家がその役目にあたった。
• Later, miki no kami (Chief of the Sake Office) was responsible for collecting tax, and the Oshikoji family, who served as miki no kami, fulfilled the role.

• だが、彼の死とともに梵暦運動も仏教天文学もその歴史的役目を終える事となるのである。
• However, with Kaisei's death, Bonreki (Buddhist calendar) movements and Buddhist astronomy finished their historical roles.

• 有終館の名は図書館としての役目を終えた際に当時の総長であった海老名弾正が命名した。
• This building was named Yushukan by Danjo EBINA when its role as a library ended.
• The name of Yushukan was given by the president Danjo EBINA when it finished functioning as a library.

• こうすることで一種のコミュニケーションのかけ橋とか電話線みたいな役目を果たします。
• which serves as a sort of bridge or cord of communication, by which the force beyond can give him,

• 駿河侵攻時にはあまり見られなくなっており、城主や城代がその役目を行うようになった。
• It was rarely to describe attacks against Suruga, and the castellan or Jodai (the keeper of castle) assumed the duty of Gundai.

• 彼等は無事に役目を果たしたが、そのあとの戦争での坂上老の行動については記録がない。
• They performed their duties successfully, but no records have been found on the actions of SAKANOUE no Okina in the subsequent wars.

• これらの仏は審理において実際の裁判所における弁護士の役目を勤めることとなるとされる。
• It is said that these buddhas act as lawyers just as in a trial at the court.

• また自藩の本家（本藩）・分家（支藩）との連絡・調整に当たるのも留守居の役目であった。
• It was also a role of Rusui in domain to make communications and adjustment between the main domain and its branched domain

• また、足利義満以後武家伝奏を経由して室町殿の政治的要求を朝廷に伝える役目を果たした。
• Since Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA had become shogun, buketenso played a role of transmitting the political requirements from the Muromachi-dono, or the shogun, to the Court.

• 闘いというよりは虐殺がどのように行われたかを書くのは、わたしたちの役目ではありません。
• It is no part of ours to describe what was a massacre rather than a fight.

• しかしこのとき吉良は高家のお役目で上京しており、2月29日まで江戸に戻ってこなかった。
• However, Kira was in the capital to do the duty of koke (a master of ceremony) at that moment, and had not returned to Edo until March 27.

• 自らの身に「神おろし」をして神の言葉（神託）を伝える役目の人物を指すことが通例である。
• It commonly refers to a person who had the responsibility of conveying a divine message (oracle) after having 'gods fallen' into his or her own body.

• かれらは、年貢を滞りなく収めるようにするだけでなく、施政者の命令を下達する役目もあった。
• They not only played a role in collecting land taxes from peasants without delay, but also acted to passing on order of the government.

• 家数人馬改帳とともに封建領主が土地・人民を支配するための基本台帳としての役目を果たした。
• Along with 'iekazu jinba aratame-cho' (the survey register made per village in the Edo period on the number of houses, people, horses, and others), kenchi-cho functioned as the basic register for the feudal lord to rule the land and the people.

• 主人公・影丸ら隠密に指令を出して徳川家への謀反や不穏な動きを事前に防ぐ役目を務めている。
• Hanzo gave orders secletly to the main character, Kagemaru, and others to prevent any suspicious movements beforehand including a rebellion against the Tokugawa clan.

• 16歳で正式に藩の江戸屋敷に出仕するが、納戸役・使番等など、藩主にごく近い役目であった。
• At 16 years of age he was officially ordered to work at the Edo residence of the Tahara Domain, where the roles he was assigned were those very close to the lord, such as Nando-yaku (being in charge of the lord's personal care) or Tsukaiban (a role similar to that of a liaison).

• 屋根においては柱の上部で屋根の重量を柱に伝達する役目を担い、棟木と平行な向きに位置する。
• Keta play the role of transferring the weight of the roof to the tops of the pillars and are placed parallel to the ridge wood.

• 尋尊のもとで友幸は陰陽道や暦道のことのみならず、政治顧問的な役目を果たしていたとされる。
• Aside from accomplishing his duties of Onmyodo and Rekido (study of the calendar), he also served as political advisor to Jinson.

• また、江戸時代後期になると御用掛という役目がつくられ、中奥役人との内談等の御用を担った。
• In the latter half of the Edo period, a post named 'Goyogakari' was established to handle, for example, private talks with governmental officers working in the Chu-oku area.

• オナリの仕事は、かつては家早乙女や内早乙女と呼ばれた田主の家族の若い女性の役目であった。
• The work of Onari was once done by young women from the family of the field owner who were called Ie-saotome or uchi-saotome.

• 検非違使の役目を務めて京都に滞在していたと考えられており、後醍醐天皇の行幸に随行している。
• He was said to have stayed in Kyoto to perform his roll as Kebiishi, and to have been in attendance at the visits of Emperor Godaigo.

• その後、御七日御修法の大阿闍梨の役目を務めるなど、宗派の代表としての役割を強化していった。
• To-ji Choja then acted as the Great Ajari for Shichinichi no Mishiho (seven days' secret ceremony of severe prayer), and started to strengthen its role as a representative of the sect.

• 維新によって役目を失った侍屋敷は多くが破却され、また戦災や戦後の都市開発によって失われた。
• The Meiji Restoration made Samurai Yashiki redundant and many of them were dismantled, and the Second World War and the urban development which followed it caused most of them to be destroyed.

• 江戸幕府における側用人は、征夷大将軍の側近であり、将軍の命令を老中らに伝える役目を担った。
• Sobayonin officers in the Edo bakufu were close confidants of seii taishogun (literally, 'the great general who was to subdue the barbarians'), and played a role of informing Roju or other officers of instructions from Shogun.

• 加藤家断絶の時に勝成・勝俊は熊本城受け取りの役目を勤め、この時に清浄院を福山に引き取った。
• When Kato clan was forfeited, Katsunari and Katsutoshi acted as a shogunate government witness of forfeit of the Kumamoto-jo Castle, and at that time they took Seijo-in to Fukuyama.

• 貞享元年（1684年）3月25日より江戸と国元を往復する日々が続き各種御用・役目を勤めた。
• He spent days coming and going between Edo and his hometown since May 9, 1684 to serve for various official businesses and roles.

• 天皇の綸旨は家督や家業の安堵の役目を、室町殿の御教書・御内書は家領の安堵の役目を果たした。
• The emperor's rinji (order) played a role of providing an authorization called 'ando' for the ownership of the family estate and guaranteeing the family business, while the shogun's migyosho and gonaisho played a role of providing an 'ando' authorization for the ownership of keryo (territory of a family).

• 一方で、実俊が西園寺家を継承するまで関東申次を継承する役目を誰が引き受けるかが問題となった。
• On the other hand, the problem over who would succeed to the duties of Kanto moshitsugi until Sanetoshi succeeded the Saionji family became apparent.

• その一方で、院庁の家政職員である院司が、太上天皇の上下家司としての役目を果たすことになった。
• On the other hand, Inshi, household management officials of the In no cho (Retired Emperor's Office) served as Kami/Shimo Keishi for Daijo Tenno (the retired Emperor).

• この役目は当初、日下部博貞の予定だったが、日下部は浅野家の遠縁にあたるので榊原に変更された。
• Although this position was initially supposed to be given to Hirosada KUSAKABE, Sakakibara was chosen instead, since Kusakabe was distantly related to the Asano family.

• 職業絵師集団としての狩野派は、パトロンであった江戸幕府の終焉とともにその歴史的役目を終えた。
• The historical role of the Kanoha group as a professional painter group finished as its patron, the Edo shogunate, ended.

• たぶん人の声が小さな家を驚かせたのでしょう、あるいは役目は果たしたと思ったのかもしれません。
• Perhaps a human voice frightened the little house, or maybe it now knew that its work was done,

• 役目を終えて京に戻った前斎宮のその後の人生については、少数の例外を除いてあまり知られていない。
• Little is known about the lives of former Saigu after they fulfilled their duties and returned to Kyoto with a few exceptions.

• 側用人は、主君の「私事・家政の用向き」を伝え、相手方と折衝して庶務を司ることを主な役目とする。
• The Soba-Yonin is said to have mainly handled the lord's 'general business including private and political affairs' and, dealings with others.

• 入鹿を斬る役目を任された二人は恐怖し、飯に水をかけて飲み込むが、たちまち吐き出すありさまだった。
• Those two who were given the role to actually kill Iruka were so terrified that they threw up immediately after eating rice mixed with water.

• が、周知の如く、浅野は最も重要な勅答の儀が行なわれる3月14日に役目を放り出して凶事をおこした。
• As was widely known, however, Asano gave up his duty and caused a tragic accident on March 14 when the most important ceremony for conveying the imperial reply was planned.

• このため、永徳2年から遠くない時期に武家執奏はその役目を終えて実質上廃止となったと考えられている。
• Therefore, it is considered that bukeshisso finished its purpose in approximately 1382 and was abolished.

• 文禄・慶長の役で、大名に大事な役目として、優れた精力剤とされていた虎の肉の献上を命じたこともある。
• He ordered Daimyo as an important task to bring tiger meats, which were considered to be a good for building energy.

• 須木は諸国へ通じる「八方境」であり、賊徒や辻切りなどに対応するため忠則は守護の番をする役目に就く。
• Suki was an important crossroads for traffic of every direction leading to various provinces, where he undertook the safeguarding of the area against robber gangs and tsujigiri (killing in the street to test a new sword).

• 宗家（征夷大将軍）を補佐する役目にあるとも言われているが、制度・役職として定められたものではない。
• While it is said by some that Tokugawa Gosanke assisted the head family or Seii taishogun, this was not officially defined as a system or official post.

• 一取引一回のみの役目で、毎回異なった手彫り又は、鋳造文字が使われ、荷渡しの安全に役立ったのである。
• Used only once per transaction with different hand-carved or cast characters each time, itoin made deliveries safer.

• 『日本書紀』は男依をこの軍の主将とは明言せず、総司令官の役目は高市皇子にあったと考える学者もいる。
• 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) does not specify him as a commander-in-chief, and therefore some scholars believe that it was Prince Takechi who had this role.

• 牓示は自然物（岩や立木など）がその役目を果たすこともあったが、通常は木や石で作られた柱が用いられた。
• Under normal circumstances, poles made of wood or stone were put up as boji though natural objects (rocks or trees) sometimes played the role of boji.

• 馬長は祭礼において朝廷などが寄進した馬に乗る役目をもった風流で、八坂神社の御霊会などで行われていた。
• Umaosa was furyu, a divine dance performed by a child who rode on a horse dedicated by the Imperial Court, that was held in goryoe (a spirit-pacifying ceremony) of the Yasaka-jinja Shrine.

• 一方の用人は、主君の「公的な用向き」を藩内・家中に伝えて、相手方と折衝して庶務を司るとを役目とする。
• On the other hand, the Yonin was mainly responsible for keeping the lord informed of 'official matters' within the domain and family and, handling general negotiations and dealings with other parties.

• ただし、古代初期の日本においては巫女と同一の役目を担う「巫覡、男巫、巫子」も少なからず存在していた。
• In early ancient Japan, however, quite a few men fulfilled the same role as a female miko, and such men were called 'fugeki,' 'okannagi,' or 'miko'.

• 滋子は後白河が不在の折には、除目や政事について奏聞を受けるなど家長の代行機能の役目も果たすことになる。
• Shigeko had to work temporarily as the head of the Imperial Family while Emperor Goshirakawa was away from the Palace, she had to receive and hear people concerning Jimoku (a ceremony for the nomination of officials) or other political matters.

• 儀礼等を司る役目を負う吉良氏・畠山・今川・武田等の旧名門の家格出身者は家臣団とは別格の高家と呼ばれた。
• Those who were from the families of former noble clans and responsible for protocol, such as the Kira clan, the Hatakeyama clan, the Imagawa clan, and the Takeda clan were called koke (master of ceremonies) and separated from other retainers.

• 現在、神職の一般呼称である「神主（かんぬし）」とは、本来、文字通り神掛かる役目を持つ職のことであった。
• The term 'Kannushi,' which today is generally used to refer to Shinto priests, originally referred to the professional group responsible for deciding the status of the gods, much as one might expect from the Chinese characters used--神主, or literally 'god-master.'

• 霧吹きをすると和紙の強い繊維が収縮して、組子骨を締め付けてガタがこないようにする重要な役目を担っている。
• It plays an important role to tighten ribs and avoid rickety by making strong fibers of Japanese paper shrink after spraying water on it.

• 近世になって主要な運搬物であった木材の需要が減り、同時に鉄道網が発達すると舟運の役目は終え水路は廃れた。
• In early-modern times, since the demand for lumber (major cargo) had dropped, while the railway network had been expanded, ship transportation completed its role and the waterway became obsolete.

• 天武5年（676年）、畿外の人々にも官人への道を開き、彼らには最初は兵衛として宮城の警護の役目を与えた。
• In 676, he opened the door of becoming government officials to people from outside Kinai Province, and appointed them in the position of Hyoe (palace guard) from the beginning.

• それに伴い、2007年11月30日終発をもって、1階の八条改札口・切符売り場・トイレはその役目を終えた。
• In conjunction with the renewal, the Hachijo Ticket Wicket, as well as its adjacent ticket booth and the first-floor lavatory, were closed on November 30, 2007 with the departure of the day's last train.

• 明治維新後の陰陽寮の廃止とともに暦博士も廃止され、間もなく太陽暦への改暦によってその役目は終わる事になる。
• After the Meiji Restoration, along with the abolition of Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.), the post of Reki Hakase was abolished, and soon the official calendar was changed to a solar calendar, signaling the end of the role of Reki Hakase.

• 城壁は一定間隔ごとに「馬面」という突出部を持ち、これが堡塁の役目を果たして敵を側面から攻撃するのを助けた。
• There were projections called 'bamen' (overhang of a castle wall) at regular intervals, which were used as forts for attacking enemies from the side.

• 赤松氏の役目は後醍醐天皇方を播磨で足止めし、尊氏の再起の時間を稼ぐことで、円心は播磨の広範囲に戦線を展開。
• The role of the Akamatsu clan was to stop Emperor Godaigo's force at Harima to win some time for Takauji, and Enshin was ordered to form a battle line in the wide area of Harima.

• この影響を受けて他の神社においても同様の役目の巫女が置かれ、更には神事にも関わるようになったとされている。
• This had an influenced on other shrines, that set up the post of miko who originally performed similar services and who were later involved in Shinto rituals.

• 京兆家の政務執行を補佐する役目にあった在京香川家は京兆内衆として年寄衆、管領伴衆、管領内意見人などを歴任。
• The Zaikyo Kagawa family, which held a post to support the Keicho family to implement government affairs, held various posts including Toshiyori-shu (senior vassals handling government affairs), Kanrei-banshu (officials accompanying Kanrei [the shogun's deputy]) and Kanrei-nai-ikennin (a senior vassal of Kanrei) as a member of Keicho Uchishu (inner group of the Keicho family).

• 親柱が木製の場合、擬宝珠は銅、青銅などの金属製である場合が多く、雨水などによる木材の腐食を抑える役目もある。
• When a newel post is made of a piece of wood, the giboshi is most often made of a metal, such as brass or bronze, in order to make the wood less susceptible to damage such as due to rain water.

• 元々は十二単の形を整える役目を持つ着物であったため、他の単衣や袿に比べ一回り小さめに仕立てられる特徴がある。
• Originally uchiginu was to adjust the shape of juni-hitoe, so its size was a little smaller than hitoe (a single layer of kimono) and uchigi (ordinary kimono).

• この印籠を武士やその奥方が使用する場合、帯からぶら提げる時に、「留め具」の役目を果たしたのが「根付」である。
• When Samurai and their wives used these inro and hung them from their kimono sashes, it was a 'netsuke' that functioned as a 'catch'.

• つまり、彼らにとってマネージメントというのはある役目を果たすことであって、エンジニアリングもまたしかりです。
• they believe that management is doing one job, and engineering is doing another.

• また、民衆から選ばれた衛士が反抗して天皇及び内裏を攻撃しないように監視する役目も担っていたともいわれている。
• It also monitored guardsmen selected from the common people so that they could not rebel against the Emperor or attack the Imperial Palace.

• 検注に際して検注帳の他に「検注目録」「名寄帳」「内検帳」などが合わせて作成され、検注帳を補完する役目を担った。
• In addition to kenchucho, documents such as 'kenchu mokuroku' (A land register for shoen or public lands), 'nayosecho' (village register of land survey), and 'naikencho' (Reports of the land damage caused by natural disasters) were made in order to supplement kenchucho.

• 特に明治以前の即位式において新天皇に灌頂を授ける「即位灌頂」の儀を掌る役目は室町時代以後二条家が独占していた。
• Particularly, after the Muromachi period until Meiji period, the Nijo Family dominated the position that was in charge of 'Sokui kanjo (accession to the throne),' which was to offer kanjo (cabalistic ceremony provided to the Emperor-to-be) to the new Emperor at an enthronement ceremony.

• なお8代将軍吉宗以降は、御三家を模した御三卿が創設され、御三家と共に将軍家の嗣子を出す役目を担うことになった。
• After the eighth shogun Yoshimune, Gosankyo, which was modeled after Gosanke, was established and served to offer heirs to the shogun family along with Gosanke.

• いずれにしても、遣唐使一行は無事朝貢の役目を果たし、在唐の留学生、留学僧を集め、才能ある唐人などを日本に招いた。
• In any case, the party successfully gave the tribute to the emperor of Tang China, gathered the Japanese students and monks who remained there, and invited the gifted Chinese to Japan.

• この宣旨は警察の役目を果たす弾正台や検非違使に通知され（『西宮記』）、以後は直衣で参内してもとがめられなくなる。
• Once Seinshi was informed at the judicial office and the police and Kebiishi (judicial chief who also acted as police), ('Saigu ki'), it was allowed to enter the Imperial Palace just wearing Noshi (without wearing Zappo).

• 佃戸は荘客・地客・佃僕・客戸とも呼ばれ、中には自己の土地を持つ自作農が生活の資のために佃戸の役目を担う例もあった。
• The denko was also called shokyaku, jikyaku, tsukudaboku, kyakko and among them some independent farmers who had his own land played a role of denko for a living.

• イスラム帝国の拡大に従って、従来からのヨーロッパとアジアを結ぶ中継貿易の役目に加えて、地域内の交易も盛んになった。
• As the caliphate expanded, regional trade flourished in addition to the traditional intermediate trade between Europe and Asia.

• 『富家語』第138条には、師実が外出から戻った際にその足を洗う役目を、少年期の家政が務めていたことが語られている。
• It is described in the 138th section of 'Fukego' (a collection of sayings of FUJIWARA no Tadamitsu) that it was young Iemasa's role to clean Morosane's feet and legs when Morosane returned to his home.

• 尊王攘夷の機会を得ず、文久3年（1863年）頃、横浜の外人居留地警備の役目を担った時、伊東や篠原泰之進らと出会う。
• Given no chance to participate in the Sonno Joi movement, he took on a role of guarding the residential area for foreigners in Yokohama City around 1863 and then became acquainted with Kashitaro ITO and Tainoshin SHINOHARA.

• 平安時代中期以後、太政官符は官宣旨（弁官下文）にその役目を取って代わられ、他の官司の符も各種の下文に役目を譲った。
• After the mid Heian period, 'Daijokan-pu' (the 'fu'issued by the Grand Council of State) was replaced by the 'Kansenji' (a government edict), while non-Grand Council officials used various forms of 'kudashi-fumi' (order papers sent to subordinates) instead of the 'fu.'

• だが、それは前述のように反対の経路によって幕府側の要望を治天の君もしくは天皇へと伝達する役目を果たすことにもなった。
• It, conversely, also meant, as is mentioned above, to convey the bakufu's request to Chiten no kimi or Emperor through the opposite route.

• また、その動きとは別に、鵜殿鳩翁から、家里次郎と共に浪士組内の壬生村での残留者の取りまとめの責任者の役目を任される。
• Apart from Kiyokawa's movement, he was assigned by Kyuo UDONO to person responsible for organizing the remaining members of roshi-gumi in Mibu village together with Tsuguo IESATO.

• これらは本来御蔵奉行などの役目であったが、臨機応変に対応するために兵糧を扱う実務者がこれを行うようになったものである。
• Although these duties were originally given to the Okura Bugyo (the magistrate of a storehouse), the person who actually handled the provisions began to perform the work in order to adapt to circumstances.

• 憲政党の第1次大隈内閣、立憲政友会の第4次伊藤内閣に際しては政府提出法案の否決などで倒閣運動の主導的な役目を果たした。
• At the time of the first OKUMA Cabinet based on Kensei-to Party and the fourth ITO Cabinet based on Rikkenseiyu-kai Party, they played a leading role in the movement to overthrowthe cabinets by denying bills submitted by the governments.

• 金地院崇伝と寺社奉行の任に当たり、西笑承兌の後を引き継いで朱印状の事務取扱の役目に就くなど、朱印船のことにも関わった。
• He assumed the position of Jisha-bugyo (a commissioner of temples and shrines) along with Konchiin Suden and thereafter, he succeeded Jotai SAISHO as a responsible officer of Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) related jobs and was involved in shuinsen (shogunate-licensed trading ship) related jobs.

• 主人公ではないことが多いが、物語の根幹に関わるシーンで重要な役目を果たすことから、主役以上に強く印象に残ることがある。
• Though a kyogen-mawashi is frequently not the protagonist, they sometimes leave a stronger impression since they perform an important role in scenes that are at the base of the story.

• そのため、本堂は内陣の中にさらに内々陣（本尊を安置）がある複雑な構成となっており、内々陣は巨大な厨子の役目をしている。
• Therefore, the hondo has a complicated structure, with a 'nainaijin' (the innermost sanctuary where the principal object stands) within the 'naijin' (inner sanctuary), and as a result, the nainaijin acts as a big 'zushi' (a cupboard-like shrine with double doors used to store images of Buddha, sutras, etc).

• 北朝（朝廷）に設けられた役職の1つで将軍からの武家執奏を取次、反対に治天の君・天皇の意向を将軍に伝達する役目を果たした。
• And the other is that it is a post set in the Northern Court (the Imperial Court) that relayed the bukeshisso from the shogun and vice versa, played the role of conveying the intention of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) and the emperor to the shogun.

• ロゴの背景にカタカムナ文字が使われ、作中にもカタカムナ文献と思われる文献が登場するなど、非常に重要な役目を果たしている。
• The Katakamuna characters are used on the background of the logo and documents considered to be katakamuna documents appear and play very important roles in the story.

• また、食べ物として命を落とした生き物なども魚供養碑・鯨塚として同様に日本各地に存在し、神和ぎとしての役目を果たしている。
• Furthermore, monuments for fish and mounds for whales are seen throughout Japan as a repose of souls of living things who died for food, and served as Kannagi.

• 文章の代筆が本来の職務であったが、時代が進むにつれて公文書や記録の作成などを行い、事務官僚としての役目を担うようになった。
• Although the original duty of Yuhitsu was to write texts in someone's place, as the centuries roll by, they started handling official documents and records, taking a role of clerks.

• なお、武家諸法度には大名が私に関所を設置することを禁止する規定があり、実際には番所の設置が関所の代替の役目を果たしていた。
• Because Buke Shohatto (code for the warrior households) prohibited daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) from installing sekisho privately, bansho served as sekisho, in practice.

• 上卿（しょうけい）は、主に平安時代において、公卿が関わる組織、役目の中の筆頭の者を指すが、通常現れるのは次ぎの２つである。
• The Shokei, mainly in the Heian period, referred to a person of the highest rank in an organization or a function that nobles were involved in, but the Shokei commonly served in the following two posts:

• 何度も火災に遭いながらも、そのたびに再建されて明治に至ったが、明治天皇の東京奠都によってその歴史的役目を終えて取り壊された。
• Although the residence had been repeatedly burnt down and rebuilt, it ended its historical role following the Emperor Meiji's move from Kyoto to Tokyo, and it was demolished.

• そのため、戦の際に陣に留まって、指揮を執ることはほとんどなく、井伊氏の筆頭家老である木俣守勝がその役目を果たしていたという。
• Therefore, he seldom stayed back in camp and led a battle, and this role was instead filled by Morikatsu KIMATA, Hitto karo (the head chief retainer) of the Ii clan.

• 彼らは現地の村々における責任者として荘園ならびにそこに住む百姓を監督する役目を担い、年貢・夫役などは彼らを通じて徴収された。
• As a responsible person of the village, they served as a supervisor of shoen and peasants living in there, and nengu (annual tribute, land tax) and the compulsory service were paid through them.

• 笏拍子の担当は音楽全体の調子を整える役目であるため、素人集団による演奏では一座の最も主だった人物が担当するのが普通であった。
• Since the player of shakubyoshi has a role of keeping rhythm in the whole music, the leading person in all players was usually in charge of shakubyoshi in amateur performances.

• 人が承諾しがたい抑制された要望および衝動の反対で、それらを秘密にする役目をする姿勢および振る舞いを無意識に身につける防衛機構
• a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them

• 現在、摂政のみが存続を認められ、天皇の公務を代行する役目として皇太子など皇族のみが任ぜられる職として皇室典範に定められている。
• At present, only the position of the regent still exists, and the Imperial Household Law provides that the post is only for members of the Imperial family, such as the Crown Prince, and is used to conduct the Emperor's official duties in his place.

• 大きな藩では、用人の地位は重臣とは言えず、藩主・老職などの公的な用向きを関係方面に伝えて、折衝して庶務を司ることを役目とする。
• In larger domains, the role of Yonin could not be said to be chief retainer but, was a role that handled business, dealing and general affairs for the lord and elders of the domain.

• 三種の神器のひとつ・八咫鏡を模した神鏡が温明殿（内侍所）に安置されており、この神鏡を守護捧持するのも内侍司の女官の役目である。
• The divine mirror, which was modeled after Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror; one of the Imperial regalia) as one of the three sacred imperial treasures, was kept in Unmeiden (Naishidokoro), therefore, court ladies in Naishi no tsukasa had to protect and keep the mirror.

• 2つの水平な筋肉のどちらか、それは上部の脊椎骨から頭脳の基礎まで及び、回転するか屈曲するかあるいは頭および首を拡張する役目をする
• either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull and serve to rotate or flex or extend the head and neck

• 伊勢の神宮の祈年祭・月次祭・神嘗祭において、奉幣使として参向し、祝詞を奏上して、天皇の意思を祭神に伝えることを主たる役目とする。
• The role of the post was to visit shrines in Ise and recite prayers conveying the wishes of the emperor to the enshrined deity during the Kinensai (prayer service for a good crop), Tsukinami-sai Festival and Kannamesai Festival.

• これを察知した親王は西国鎮撫使の就任を固辞し、政敵であり長州派公卿の有力者であった大宰帥・有栖川宮熾仁親王にその役目を押し付けた。
• Aware of the true intention behind the scheme, he refused to serve as the Envoy and handed the role to his political opponent, Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito, a powerful leader of pro-Choshu nobles and the Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of Dazaifu, the local government office in Kyushu).

• 特に最近では住宅の気密化によって本来の役目が失われつつあるため、重さによって掛軸が傷まないよう合成樹脂製の風鎮なども生産されている。
• In particular, the original function of fuchin is being lost due to recent airtight houses, thus synthetic resin is used for producing a fuchin to prevent damage of kakejiku due to the weight.

• また粗末に扱ったり供養を絶やすと、付喪神となり荒ぶるとする考えから、役目を終えた道具や生き物に対する供養を行う習慣につながっている。
• The practice of holding memorial services for tools and living things that had served their purposes derived from the belief that such things would become violent Tsukumogami if people treated them without due respect or did not hold memorial services for them.

• 幕府関係者の中で唯一頼朝の血筋を引く生き残りである竹御所は幕府の権威の象徴として、御家人の尊敬を集め、彼らをまとめる役目を果たした。
• As the only remaining survivor who was blood-tied to Yoriie among all the people related to the shogunate, TAKE no Gosho was respected by gokenin (immediate vasals of the shogunate)as a symbol of the authority of the shogunate, and played the role of bringing them together.

• 紀伊国、阿波国、讃岐国、伊予、土佐国、播磨国、美作国、備前国、備中国、備後国、安芸国、周防国など12カ国の軍事権を掌握する役目である。
• This position was to control military power of 12 provinces; Kii Province, Awa Province, Sanuki Province, Iyo Province, Tosa Province, Harima Province, Mimasaka Province, Bizen Province, Bichu Province, Bigo Province, Aki Province, and Suo Province.

• その後明治になり、徳川幕府から明治新政府へ政権が移ると、近代化により日本陸軍・日本海軍が創設され、忍者達はその役目を終えることになる。
• In Meiji period, the administration was transferred to new Meiji Government and Japanese army and navy were created through modernization policy, then ninja lost their job.

• その後、摂政のみは復活し、天皇の公務を代行する役目として皇太子など皇族のみが任ぜられる職として皇室典範に定められ、今日も存続している。
• After that, only the Sessho has been revived, designated under Imperial Household Law for only princes and other members of the Imperial family to act as an agent in carrying out the Emperor's official duties, and continues to this day.

• 神社建築においては、屋根の最頂部にある構造材の棟木（むなぎ）の上に鰹木（かつおぎ）と呼ぶ屋根を押さえる重石の役目を担う水平材が取り付く。
• In shrine and temple buildings, straight pieces of wood called Katsuogi are placed on the ridge wood provided at the top of a roof, to press and fix the roof.

• しかし、『古事記』では同じようにして食物の神（オオゲツヒメ）を殺すのはスサノオの役目である（日本神話における食物起源神話も参照のこと）。
• However, in 'Kojiki' Susanoo murdered the god of food (Oogetsuhime) in the same manner (see the origin of foods in Japanese myths).

• ある場合は人形、銅銭、人間の毛髪、五穀、賽などを船の柱の下部、モリとかツツと呼ばれる場所に安置し、一種の魔除け・お守り的な役目を果たす。
• In some cases, Funadama is represented by symbols such as dolls, copper coins, human hair, the five grains, and dice, and inserted into the bottom of the pillars of a ship called mori or tsutsu to play a role as a kind of amulets.

• 江戸時代初期には近習出頭役と呼ばれ、5000石級の旗本で、将軍の側衆として枢機に預かる者の中から選任され、特に重要事項の伝奏を役目とした。
• In the early Edo period, officers in this post, called kinju shuttoyaku (an attendant to Shogun) at that time, were selected from 5000-koku class hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) who were involved in important affairs as close aides of Shogun, and in particular, played a role of relaying important matters.

• 申次とは奏者とも呼ばれ、元来は天皇や太上天皇に奏聞を取次ぐ役目をする人物を指し、鎌倉幕府や室町幕府でも征夷大将軍に奏聞を取次ぐ人を指した。
• Moshitsugi, also called sosha/soja, originally referred to a person in charge of conveying messages to the Emperor or Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor), and in the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu it also referred to a person conveying messages to the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

• その後、武家の台頭とともに戦略上有利な「城」が居館としての役目を持つようになると、「屋形」の持つ意味は実質的には薄れ名目的なものとなった。
• Subsequently, along with the rise of buke (samurai families), their 'shiro' with strategical advantages became important also as their residences, and the original meaning of 'yakata' had changed to become virtually nominal.

• それが（一揆当事者の意図とは関係なく）長州征伐から戊辰戦争にかけての薩長（新政府）優位の流れを間接的に生み出す役目を果たしたことは否めない。
• It cannot be denied that this disorder indirectly helped the Satsuma and Choshu Domains (which constituted the new government) gain momentum to establish their dominance over Japan during the period from the Choshu Expedition to the Boshin Civil War (regardless of the intention of the uprising participants).

• 普通「千尋、千尋」と唱えながら髪を削いでやるのは父か兄の役目だが、紫の上と光源氏のように婚約者が手ずから明日の花嫁の髪を整える場合もあった。
• Their fathers or brothers usually took the role to trim their hair while chanting 'Chihiro, chihiro' (meaning very long); in some cases, however, a fiance trimmed his future bride's hair as Hikaru Genji did Lady Murasaki's hair.

• これは、徳川統治下の太平の世においては、城郭というものがすでに軍事施設としての役目を終えて、その存在理由が、権勢の象徴物へと変じたためである。
• This is because in peace time under the reign of the Tokugawa government castles finished their original purpose as military facility and its reason for existence changed to the symbol of the power.

• もう1つの「武家執奏」の意味として、北朝の勅裁である治天の君の院宣や親政時における天皇の勅旨を室町幕府に伝達する役目を担う公家のことを指した。
• Bukeshisso,' taking the other meaning, indicated the court noble who was in charge of conveying Chiten no kimi's inzen (decree from the retired Emperor) which was the imperial decision by the Northern Court or the emperor's Imperial order at the time of direct imperial rule to the Muromachi bakufu.

• それぞれの呼称を使って、建物におかれた立場や役目の説明がされているが、現在の呼称がすべてその城で歴史的に使われてきた呼び名というわけではない。
• These expressions are used to describe the status and roles of the structures; however, not all of the currently used expressions have necessarily been used historically in these castles.

• 鷹匠が鷹を調教する役目を担ったのに対して、鳥見は鷹狩を行う現地（鷹狩場）における鳥の生息状況を監視してより獲物の多い場所へと導く役割を担った。
• In contrast to the takajo (hawker) in charge of training the birds, the torimi was responsible for supervising the bird habitat in the hunting grounds in order to guide the shogun to locations with a high percentage of prey.

• 本来は正規外に中下級身分からの人材登用の役目を担っていた紀伝・文章生が貴族子弟によって独占されて、文章博士以下の世襲が進行するきっかけとなった。
• It triggered the monopoly of kiden no sho and monjosho, which played a role in recruiting talents from the middle- and low-classes through different processes from regular appointments, by sons of the nobles, resulting in their hereditary positions, monjo hakase and below.

• 特に茶道においては、仕服を封じる紐に飾り結びを施すことで、装飾性を増すとともにみだりに開封できないようにする鍵の役目を持つ結びが多数考案された。
• Especially in sado (tea ceremony), many kinds of kazarimusubi were invented and used for the purpose of closing and decorating shifuku (tea caddy bag) and they also functioned as a key to seal the bag in the way that it cannot be opened easily.

• 建久2年（1191年）には公事奉行人に転じていることが『吾妻鏡』により判明しているが、右筆としての盛時の役目は引き続き行われたと考えられている。
• From the history 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), it is known that Moritoki assumed the post of kuji bugyonin (an official in charge of governmental affairs) by 1191, but it is considered that he continued to perform the duty of yuhitsu even in this period.

• 『吾妻鏡』によれば、建久5年（1194年）5月 (旧暦)に中原季時を「寺社の訴えを執り申す」役目としたのが後の寺社奉行にあたると考えられている。
• According to the Chronicle of Azuma, NAKAHARA no Suetoki was appointed to deal with requests from temples and shrines in May, 1194 (lunar calendar), and is considered to be the origin of Jisha-bugyo.

• このような事情に伴い、明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)（1871年8月29日）に廃藩置県が実施され、知藩事全員が失職して華族となり、その役目を終えた。
• Due to these circumstances, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) were conducted on August 29, 1871, when all the Chihanji lost their positions and finished their roles to become the peerage.

• 申次（もうしつぎ）とは、奏者（そうじゃ/そうしゃ）とも呼ばれ、主君に奏事伝達を行う役目を担った役職、あるいは奏事伝達行為そのものを「申次」と呼ぶ。
• Moshitsugi (an official for conveying a message) which is also called Souja/Shosha, refers to a position in charge of reporting information to a lord, or refers to the act of reporting information itself.

• 小姓は、主君に近侍して雑務や日常生活に必要な取り次ぎをすることが主な仕事となっていくが、建て前上の役目の第一は、将軍・藩主などの主君の警護である。
• Although the primary duty of a Kosho was to guard their lord, the main duties of a Kosho were to serve closely to their lord, doing daily chores and arranging visits by acting as a go-between delivering messages.

• 今宵も過ぎ去った年同様、私が、非常に楽しい役目を、しかし残念ながら私では話し手としてあまりに力不足と思われる役目を果たす巡り合わせになりました。」
• 'It has fallen to my lot this evening, as in years past, to perform a very pleasing task but a task for which I am afraid my poor powers as a speaker are all too inadequate.'

• しかし、これは、隅櫓や特殊な役目にある櫓が天守に代わる象徴的存在として位置づけられたものであるため、御三階櫓ほどには天守として見られないこともある。
• However, the above situation indicates that Sumi-Yagura turret and Yagura with special functions were deemed to be symbolic structures instead of Tenshu, so these Yagura are sometimes not recognized as Tenshu as Gosankai Yagura are.

• 女性は非常に効果的な勝利記念品という役目も果たすし、またそれゆえ、捕獲者には、証拠として、捕獲者であるという彼女らとの関係を跡づけ保つことは価値がある。
• They serve the purpose of trophies very effectually, and it is therefore worth while for their captor to trace and keep in evidence his relation to them as their captor.

• 興福寺別当の経覚は、孝景の押領に対抗するため、延暦寺に追われていた親戚の本願寺蓮如を自領の吉崎御坊に匿い、代官の役目を負わせつつ浄土真宗の布教を許した。
• In order to fight against Takakage's stripping of land, Kyogaku, who was the head priest of Kofuku-ji Temple, sheltered his relative Hongan-ji Rennyo, who was exiled to Enryaku-ji Temple, in his territory 'Yoshizaki Gobo' and allowed propagation of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), while assigning him the role of local governor.

• 江戸期になり平和な時代が訪れると、城は防衛の役目を終え政庁へと変化していったので、天守の役目も終わり、城は次第に御殿や二の丸・三の丸が拡充されていった。
• With the dawning of the Edo period, peace came and the defensive role of castles was gradually changed to the role as government offices; thus, the role of Tenshu was also finished, and Goten and Ninomaru/Sannomaru were gradually expanded in castles.

• 763年には讃岐守へ転任し、764年に藤原仲麻呂の乱が起きると、敬福は藤原仲麻呂の支持で即位していた淳仁天皇を外衛大将として幽閉する役目を引き受けている。
• In 763, he became the governor of Sanuki, and when FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War broke out, he worked as the chief captain of outer guard and imprisoned Emperor Junnin who was able to become the emperor with the help of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.

• 後陽成天皇の信任が厚く、しかも天海を通じて江戸幕府とも関係があった平田職忠はまさにその役目に適した人物であり、それが出納平田家の上昇にもつながったのである。
• Trusted by Emperor Goyozei and enjoying a relationship with the Edo shogunate through the Buddhist monk Tenkai, Mototada HIRATA was the right person to play the role, which led the rise of the Suino Hirata family.

• その一方で、朝廷の官吏としての地位も保持して時折上洛しては後鳥羽上皇に奉仕して幕府内部の情報を伝えるなど、今日で言うところの「二重スパイ」の役目を果たした。
• While working for the Kamakura bakufu, he had kept the official government post in the Imperial court of retired Emperor Gotoba and reported the bakufu's insider information when he went to the capital Kyoto as a 'double agent.'

• また、天皇の家門安堵を行う権能は戦国時代 (日本)以後も存在しており、京都における天皇への奉仕（公事など）を怠る公家（地方下向者）を牽制する役目を有していた。
• Additionally, the emperor's function of giving approval to families continued after the period of civil war (in Japan), as did the function of checking on court nobles (those going down to the provinces) who had neglected their services to the Emperor in Kyoto (including public duties).

• つまり、点検修理等のために石室に人が入る際に、外部の温湿度の影響を受けないように、保存施設内の温湿度をあらかじめ石室内と同様の条件に調整する役目をもっている。
• In other words, the role of the conservation facility was to adjust the temperature and humidity in the facility to match those of the stone chamber so that the chamber was not subject to the outside conditions when staff entered the stone chamber.

• これらは地方によって氏神の化身とみなされる場合や、または神輿を先導する露払いの役目を持って町内を練り歩き、それをもてなす意味で沿道では賑やかな催しが行われる。
• These are sometimes regarded as an incarnation of ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) in some provinces, or parade with a role of outrider leading mikoshi, and joyous events are held along the street for the purpose of entertaining mikoshi.

• ただ人欲を人間本来の自然とみる考えを全否定することはなく、それを認めつつ、人欲をコントロールする役目を「理」に与えることにより現実的な政策・思想を構想しようとした。
• The Dongling movement did not deny the idea of considering desire to be innate human nature, rather, it approved the idea, while making 'ri' play the role of controlling desire to establish more realistic policy and ideology.

• 江戸幕府にあっては五番方（書院番・小姓組・大番・小十人・新番）のひとつで、特に将軍の江戸城外出時に隊列に加わり、警護に当たったほか、武器の検分役などの役目もあった。
• It is one of the five bankata posts in the Edo shogunate (namely, shoinban (castle guards), koshogumi (page corps), oban (hatamoto castle guards), kojunin (escort guards) and shinban (new guards)) and joined the troop formation when the shogun ventured out of the Edo Castle, to serve as security guards as well as to inspect weapons.

• また、そうした源氏嫡流という概念の役目も江戸幕府の終焉、民法による近代法に基づく氏の概念に再編する過程を経ることによって源氏嫡流という概念の役目も消滅するに至った。
• Also, the role of this concept of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan disappeared with the demise of the Edo bakufu and through the process of restructuring the concept of family names based on the modern law of the Civil Code.

• 「できないことは口にしない、できることだけを口にする」という信念を持っており、家族が自分の役目をおろそかにしたときには「もうしなくてよろしい」と叱責したこともあった。
• Having belief of 'I only say what I can do, without saying what I cannot do,' he scolded the member of Imperial household when the member neglected his or her duty, saying 'I can no longer leave the duty to you.'

• そして、それが出来たら、そのしっかりとした根底の上に立って、そこからいかなる推論が出て来るか、事件の秘密はどの点にかかっているかということを発見するのが我々の役目だ。
• Then, having established ourselves upon this sound basis, it is our duty to see what inferences may be drawn and what are the special points upon which the whole mystery turns.

• そこに竹中重治が進み出て「その役目手前がつかまつる」として長浜城 (近江国)に向い、黒田長政を自分の領地である菩提山城に移動させ、そこで織田信長の命に逆らってかくまった。
• On that occasion, Shigeharu TAKENAKA stepped forward telling that he would do that job and went to Nagahama-jo Castle (Omi Province) and moved Nagamasa KURODA to Bodaisan-jo Castle in his territory and gave shelter to him there against Nobunaga ODA's order.

• 豊臣政権によって兵農分離が進められると、武士が兵士としての役目を行うことが原則となるとともに兵糧携帯の義務が廃されて、代わりに兵糧の調達・運搬は農民ら領民の義務とされた。
• When the Toyotomi Administration forwarded heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil), samurai (warriors) did their job as soldiers in principle and their obligation to carry army provisions was abolished, and then, instead of that, it became people of the domain like peasants who undertook obligations to supply and transport army provisions.

• この報告を受ける形で1886年1月26日、3県及び北海道事業管理局を統廃合して内務省 (日本)管轄の北海道庁に移行する廃県置庁が行われることになり、3県はその役目を終えた。
• Based on this report, the three prefectures and Hokkaido Works Administration Bureau were reorganized into the Hokkaido government which was under the Ministry of Home Affairs on January 26, 1886 and the three prefectures went out of existence.

• まず森重は、体言において感嘆の際にいかなる助詞も付けないで単語がそのままで使われる時、助詞の代わりのような役目で単語の音韻そのものを「イ」音を加重させることがあると説いた。
• Morishige firstly explained that when indeclinable words were used as exclamation without particles, the sound of 'イ' (i) might be added to the words as a substitute for particles.

• 平安時代中期に入ると、太政官牒・院庁牒は請印が不要な官宣旨・院宣にその役目を取って代わられる一方で、蔵人所・検非違使庁をはじめとした令外官の増大で牒そのものの発給は増大した。
• In the mid Heian period, daiokancho and innochocho were replaced by Kan senji (an edict from Daijokan [Grand Council of State] which had the status of a binding official document) and Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) which did not require shoin (a ceremony to seal documents issued by the government) while the number of cho issued increased due to an increase in number of Ryoge no kan in agencies such as Kurodo dokoro (the Office of Imperial Household Logistics) and Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).

• しかし次第に文明が発達していく中で、調理用の熱源として焜炉ガスコンロのような他の燃料による簡便な調理用の炉が利用されるようになると、次第にその役目を終えて竈は姿を消していった。
• However, as civilization advanced, and people came to use simple and easy furnaces for cooking, such as small cooking ranges and gas ranges, that used other fuels as heat sources for cooking, kamado gradually completed their role and disappeared.

• 大工職を務める「大工」は引頭・棟梁以下の番匠を統率する役目を担い雇主によって補任されるものであったが、譲与や売買によって大工職が移動することがあり、雇主の補任権限が形骸化した。
• The 'Daiku' serving as Daikushiki played a role of leading Bansho lower than Inzu/Toryo (head of carpenters) and was supposed to be appointed by the employer, but the title of Daikushiki was sometimes transferred or sold and the employer's right of appointment lost substance.

• 戦国時代 (日本)には、主に秘書的役割もこなし、特に主君の盾として命を捨てて守る役目が大きかったため、幅広い知識と一流の作法と武芸を身につけていなくては務まるものではなかった。
• During the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), Kosho took charge of secretarial affairs, in particular acting as a human shield to protect their lord at the risk of losing their own lives; for this reason, Kosho had to not only be knowledgeable and have impeccable manners, but also be skilled in the military arts.

• 11世紀の侍階層出現の頃より現れて公家の家政機関に奉仕する役目を担うが、四位・五位へ昇進する諸大夫より下位に置かれて、基本的には六位に置かれていた（稀に五位に昇る者が存在した）。
• The position first appeared in around the 11th century when the samurai rank system was created, and it fulfilled the role of serving the household institution of court nobles, however, it ranked under Shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) who would raise to Shii (Fourth Rank) or Goi (Fifth Rank), mainly placed at Rokui (Sixth Rank) (rarely, some rose to Goi).

• 更に長崎港のような外国船の来航が予想される主要港や箱根関所などの主要関所の近くには遠見番所が設置され、船改番所や関所と連携して不審船や不振な人を高所から監視する役目を担っていた。
• In addition, tomi-bansho (marine affair bansho), set up in major ports where foreign vessels were likely to arrive such as Nagasaki Port, watched for suspicious vessels and individuals from a high place in collaboration with funaaratame-bansho and sekisho.

• 黒田内閣の役目は、憲法制定と帝国議会開設によって再燃が予想された自由民権運動に対する取締り強化と、欧米列強との間に交わされたままとなっていた不平等条約の条約改正することであった。
• The purpose of Kuroda Cabinet was to enhance the control of Jiyu Minken Undo (democratic-rights movement) which would be rekindled due to the establishment of the constitution and the foundation of the imperial diet, and also to revise the unequal treaty which had been untouched since it was concluded with the allied western powers.

• 神幸祭に先立ち八坂神社で行われる神事により駒形稚児は素戔嗚尊の荒御魂（あらみたま）の鎮まる御神体と一体となり、それ自身が神の化身として役目を終えるまで一切地に足を着けずに務める。
• In the shrine ritual held before the Shinkosai in Yasaka-jinja Shrine, Komagata Chigo come together with the object of worship which houses Susanoo no Mikoto's aramitama (divine spirits acted brutal impact), which itself becomes a deification and the chigo never set their feet on the ground before deification is completed.

• また、幕末の志士たちの多くが江戸の有名道場で学び、全国に人脈を広げていった例からわかるように、武術の道場は、学問所と同じように、ある意味サロン的な役目を果たすようになっていった。
• And as we can see from the cases in which a lot of the patriots during the end of the Edo period practiced at famous dojo (training halls) in Edo and expanded the networks of personal relationships all over the country, the dojo of bujutsu were getting to perform a function as some salon in a sense just the same as with gakumonjo (academic temples).

• ６．君主には、その国家をより安全に保持するために、君主に反乱を企てる者にたいする手綱とくつわの役目をはたし、最初の攻撃からの非難場所となるよう、要塞を築くという慣例がありました。
• 6. It has been a custom with princes, in order to hold their states more securely, to build fortresses that may serve as a bridle and bit to those who might design to work against them, and as a place of refuge from a first attack.

• なお、後藤家は宗家が文化_(日本)7年（1810年）に役目に不正があったとして取り潰され、後任の御金改役を命じられた分家も弘化2年（1845年）に幕府批判をしたとして取り潰された。
• In addition, the head family of the Goto family was ruined in connection with misconduct in duties in 1810, and the branch family who was ordered to be the successor to Gokin Aratame-yaku was also ruined in connection with criticism of bakufu in 1845.

• その後、享保の大飢饉や天明の大飢饉の救済のためにも御用米が活用されたが、松平定信の寛政の改革では、囲米を導入して御用米の役目を代行させ、御用米を当初の軍事専用に復帰させようとした。
• Later on, goyomai was used to relieve the Great Famine of Kyoho or the Tenmei Famine, but in Kansei reform by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, kakoimai (it refers to the system where rice was stored by the bakufu, clans and towns and villages in case of emergency) was introduced as a substitute for goyomai and the bakufu tried to revive original goyomai used for military purpose only.

• ただし、その最大の見せ場である遣り回し（やりまわし）をはじめ、練る・走る・止まる・曲がるといった地車の動きを統御する重要な役目を囃子が果たしている点は、泉州地域独自のものではない。
• However, it is not unique to Senshu region that hayashi takes an important role in organizing the movements of danjiri, such as winding, running, stopping and turning, as well as the movement of the major attraction Yarimawashi (the performance to make a danjiri float turn at right angles).

• 西郷隆盛らの下野後は内務卿となった大久保利通から厚い信任を受け、岩倉具視の暗殺未遂事件（食違見付の変）、佐賀の乱などが起こると密偵を用いて不平士族の動向を探るなどの役目も果たした。
• KAWAJI won the great trust of OKUBO, who became Secretary of Interior after the resignation of Takamori SAIGO, and he took the responsible for spying on fuhei shizoku (former samurai with complaints) after the attempted assassination of Tomomi IWAKURA (the Incident of Kuichigai-mitsuke) and the War of SAGA.

• 今から三日のうちにパロはあなたの頭を上げて、あなたを元の役目に返すでしょう。あなたはさきに給仕役だった時にされたように、パロの手に杯をささげられるでしょう。 (創世記 40:13)
• Within three more days, Pharaoh will lift up your head, and restore you to your office. You will give Pharaoh's cup into his hand, the way you did when you were his cupbearer. (Genesis 40:13)

• 幕府の役職に相当する小姓組番頭や書院番頭は、諸藩にあっては番頭よりやや格下であり、小姓組組頭・書院組頭と呼称されることが多く、小さな藩にあっては、番頭がこれらの役目を兼帯していた。
• The koshogumi bangashira (head of page office) and shoin bangashira (head of military patrol) who held important posts in the bakufu government were actually lower in rank than bangashira in feudal domains, and were often called kosho kumigashira or shoin kumigashira, and had their functions covered by the bangashira in the small domains.

• 奥野将監にも同様に第二陣の大将とする逸話があるが、彼にはさらに浅野長矩の隠し子の姫を幕府に知られぬようこっそり育てる役目を大石から命じられていたためやむなく脱盟したという逸話がある。
• There is also an anecdote about Shogen OKUNO being a leader of the second troop; however, there is also a story which describes that he had to leave the group because Oishi ordered him to raise Naganori ASANO's illegitimate daughter without letting the bakufu know.

• 長政は調略においても西軍の小早川秀秋や吉川広家など諸将の寝返りを交渉する役目も務めており、それらの功により戦後、家康から一番の功労者として筑前名島（福岡）に52万3000石を与えられた。
• In terms of strategy, Nagamasa negotiated with warlords of the western squad such as Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA and Hiroie KIKKAWA in order to have them switch sides; and due to such achievements, he was granted 523,000 koku in Chikuzen Najima (Fukuoka) by Ieyasu after the war as having rendered the most distinguished service.

• 同年の保元の乱においては、乱の勃発に先立ち後白河天皇からの命を受け、藤原忠実・藤原頼長父子が全国の荘園から武士を動員することを禁ずる綸旨を、申次として全国の国司に発給する役目を果たした。
• In Hogen War that occurred in the same year, based on an instruction given by Emperor Goshirakawa before the war started, he played the role of delivering the rinji (the Emperor's command), prohibiting the father and son of FUJIWARA no Tadazane and FUJIWARA no Yorinaga from mobilizing samurai from manors throughout the nation, to kokushu (governors) of provinces throughout the nation.

• 同年4月に、越前の国主である丹羽長秀が没しており、それに伴い利家は豊臣政権下における北陸道の惣職ともいうべき地位に上り、越後の上杉氏や関東の北条氏、東北の諸大名とも連絡する役目に任じられた。
• Because the lord of Echizen Province Nagahide NIWA had already died in May of the same year, Toshiie was promoted to a post that could be regarded as Soshoku (Governor General) in the Hokuriku-do region under the Toyotomi government, and was appointed as a role that should keep in contact with the Uesugi clan in Echigo Province, the Hojo clan in Kanto, and the territorial lords in Tohoku.

• 他方、大きな藩では、家老と用人の中間に年寄・中老をはじめ、さまざまな家老を補佐する役職があるので、用人の役目は相対的に低くなり、特命事項や庶務的なものとなるので、用人は番頭より格下となることもある。
• In a large domain, however, there were various ranks of retainers between the chief retainer and the yojin, such as toshiyori and churo, who supported the chief retainer, thus reducing the importance of the yojin's role to only general administrative matters and special issues, and at times reducing its rank lower than the bangashira.

• 方相氏（ほうそうし）と呼ばれる鬼を払う役目を負った役人（大舎人（おおとねり））と、方相氏の脇に仕える侲子（しんし）と呼ばれる役人（特に役職は決まっていない）が二十人で、大内裏の中を掛け声をかけつつ回った。
• In those days, a total of 20 government officials, including those called Hososhi, who were responsible for expelling ogres and others called Shinshi, who supported the Hososhi, participated in the event, and they called out while walking around within the Imperial Palace and government offices.

• その前に、神武天皇自らタカミムスビを顕斎するときにその斎主に任じられ「厳媛（いづひめ）」の号を授けられた（道臣命は男性であるが、女性の名をつけたのは、神を祀るのは女性の役目であったことの名残とみられる）。
• Sometime before this operation, when Emperor Jinmu was to preside at a ritual to serve Takamimusubi as if this god were visible, the Emperor appointed Michinoomi to serve as Saishu (master of religious ceremonies) of the ritual and conferred the name 'Izuhime' (Princess Izu); (although Michinoomi was a man, he was given a female name, probably because there still remained at that time a tradition that it was a female's task to celebrate the god.)

• これらの支配力は単に一都市に限らず、京都所司代は山城国・丹波国・近江国など、大阪町奉行は西日本諸国の天領の采配がそれぞれ許されるなど、管轄地の諸大名を監察する役目もあった（京都所司代は朝廷も監視していた）。
• This shogunate agency grasped control of not merely to the appointed city, but also of the surrounding areas, so the governor of Kyoto (Kyoto Shoshidai) controlled Yamashiro Province, Tanba Province, Omi Province and so on (as well as put the imperial court under its surveillance, and the town magistrate of Osaka (Osaka machi-bugyo) was allowed to manage the shogunate demesne in the western Japan.

• 西郷は国事に奔走して家を空けることが多く男手が乏しい西郷家にあって、来客の応対や能書を生かした信書連絡などもっぱら外回りの役目を果たす家令あるいは留守居役を果たすとともに、西郷の子弟の書や漢学の師ともなった。
• Because Saigo was busy with national affairs and was not at home mostly, his family needed a man who could manage the master's works, therefore Kawaguchi worked as butler to deal with the outside such as attending visitors and using his calligraphy for writing letters, and worked as rusui-yaku (person representing the master during his absence) as well as teaching calligraphy and Chinese literature to Saigo's children.

• こちらにも野洲郡のものと似た伝承があり、寺に灯油を届ける役目を持つ僧侶が、遊ぶ金欲しさに灯油を盗んで金を作ったが、遊びに行く前に急病で命を落としてしまい、それ以来、寺の山門に霊となって現れるようになったという。
• It has a folk tale similar to the one in Yasu district; a Buddhist monk, who had had the duty of delivering lamp oil to the temple, stole the oil and made money for his love of having a good time, however, a sudden attack of illness took his life before he went out to have fun, and since then his ghost would appear at the temple gate.

• 鎌倉時代末期から合戦に同行する陣僧の中に時衆の僧が多かったことから、武家との結び付きが強まり、平時においても芸能を活かして武士の慰めとするようになっていき、同時に側近、取次ぎ人としての役目も果たすようになった。
• Following the end of the Kamakura period, many of the Jinso (monks who accompanied samurai into war) were Buddhist monks from the Ji sect, so their connections with samurai (buke) families became stronger; in times of peace, they provided samurai warriors with entertainment by making use of their abilities in the performing arts, while also fulfilling their duties as aides and intermediaries.

• 渡御行列の順序は祭礼によってまちまちであるが、行列の先頭部には先導役の猿田彦がいることが多く、その次に御幣、笠鉾、獅子、幟、高張り提灯、太鼓などの露払いの役目を持つものや先頭を示すものがあって、神輿がくることが多い。
• The order of the togyo parade differs depending upon the festival, but often at the beginning of the parade, the sarudabiko (Shinto god) leads the way, and then things that serve as outriders such as staff with plaited paper streamers used in Shinto, kasaboko, liondog, flag, large paper lantern on a pole, drum, or things that indicate the head of the parade, and then often the portable shrine.

• 武家諸法度・御定書・軍令・軍役・勤番・武具・行列・関所通行・服制・鷹狩などに関する諸規定から成り、しばしば発生する疑問やそれに関する回答について老中や目付に対する伺書の書式を用いて解説している（書札礼の役目も兼ねる）。
• The contents consisted of Buke shohatto (laws for the samurai families), osadamegaki (regulations by the bakufu), military orders and various other regulations concerning military services, kinban (regular duty), arms, processions, passing checking stations, the dress code system, and falconry, and frequently enquired questions and answers for them were also explained there using the enquiry format for Roju (senior councilor) or Metsuke (inspector) (the book could also be used for Shosatsurei (Epistolary Etiquette)).

• 当初は女房や近臣がその役目を担っていたが、院政期には院近臣の中でも寵臣とされた人々が申次を務め、後白河院の高階泰経や後鳥羽院の坊門信清・西園寺公経がこれに相当しており、御教書の伝宣などを担当するなど国政遂行に深く関与した。
• At first, Nyobo (a court lady) or Kinshin (close aide/trusted vassal) took the role of Moushitsugi, but in the Insei period (during the period of the government by the retired Emperor), favorite retainers among In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier) were working as Moushitsugi, including TAKASHINA no Yasutsune at Goshirakawa-incho (the retired Emperor Goshirakawa's Office), and Nobukiyo BOMON and Kintsune SAIONJI at Gotoba-in (the Retired Emperor Gotoba's Office); these people were involved in the government affairs through announcing Migyosho (documents for informing of decisions made by third or upper ranked authorities).

• また、律令政府の配下に置かれたそれらの地域には北陸や関東から柵戸と呼ばれる多くの移民が送り込まれたが、それらの移民の拠点、支配するための官衙、配下に置いた俘囚（服属蝦夷）が朝貢したり、それに対する饗応をする役目も負っていた。
• Many immigrants called sakuto were sent from the Hokuriku and Kanto regions to these areas, which were under the ancient Japanese government, and which also served as a foothold for immigrants, an office for governance, and a site to hold banquets for subordinate barbarians who paid tributes to.

• 奴隷は前時代の私奴婢・部曲の流れを汲み、唐代までは荘園内の労働において重要な役目を担っていたが、宋代になると佃戸による耕作の方が所有者・管理者の負担が軽く、次第に佃戸に切り替えられたり、奴隷の雇傭者化が進むことになっていった。
• Slaves were in the tradition of shinuhi (privately-owned slave) and buqu (a serf) and until the Tang dynasty they had played an important role in the labor service in shoens, but in the Sung dynasty the cultivation by denko cost less for the owners and the managers and gradually the labor was charged to denko and slaves progressively became employees.

• この八年間に、公の事件で重大なものは、一つとしてホームズのところに、持って来られなかったものはなかったし、またその外（ほか）に私的の事件で扱ったものは、無数で、その中（うち）でも、実に錯綜した難問題で、颯爽たる役目をやったものもたくさんあった。
• It is safe to say that there was no public case of any difficulty in which he was not consulted during those eight years, and there were hundreds of private cases, some of them of the most intricate and extraordinary character, in which he played a prominent part.

• 政治的な重要事件に関する記述は役目の地位の問題から多くはないが、その代わり江戸時代の宮中儀式のあり方や日常の宮廷の状況、地下官人制度についての記録は詳細であり、公卿の日記・記録類では多くを見ることが出来ない事務方の動向について知ることが可能である。
• Because of the official status of the Hirata family, the records contain few descriptions about important political events; instead, they contain details of the Imperial Court ceremonies, daily life in the imperial court, and the lower ranking official system during the Edo period, providing movements of the secretaries which cannot be seen in the court nobles' diaries and records.

• 家元制度は家学宗家の権威を高める一方で家元である宗家当主は門人を免許の発給を通じて家学を支配していく役目に転化していったため、勿論家元に相応しい技能を有した宗家当主も存在したものの、それに相応しい能力を有しない継承者の隠蔽の役割も果たすことになった。
• While the iemoto system enhanced the authority of the head family of the iemoto, because the role of the family head changed into the one ruling kagaku through issuing a license to the pupils, the family head also assumed the role in hiding the successor who was not competent even though some family heads themselves were not competent to the iemoto.

• その本来の屋根建材としての用途のみに限らず、平瓦を、壁に用いて漆喰で継ぎ手を板かまぼこ状に盛り固めた「海鼠壁（なまこかべ）」や、瓦や石などを粘土で接着し固めて造る「練塀（ねりべい）」などの壁材、寺院の基壇のタイルのような役目や雨落ちや雨落溝の一部としても用いられる。
• Not only for the purpose of roof material, Kawara tiles are also used as wall materials, such as 'Namakokabe' (a wall with square tiles jointed with raised plaster) and 'Neribei' (daub wall), on which tiles or stones are put and fixed with clay, and sometimes used as tiles on a stylobate of temples and as a part of drainage canals.

• 『詞花和歌集』に収められた伊勢大輔の「いにしへの奈良の都の八重桜けふ九重ににほひぬるかな」という和歌は、宮廷に献上された八重桜を受け取り、中宮に奉る際に詠まれたものだが、『伊勢大輔集』によればこの役目は当初紫式部の役目だったものを式部が新参の大輔に譲ったものだった。
• There is a poem created by ISE no Taifu, 'Some time ago, double-flowered cherry trees bloomed in the colorful capital of Nara; today they bloom in Kuju Castle in this capital of Kyo, as they did before,' which was collected in 'Shika Wakashu (Collection of Poetry)'; the poem was written in dedication to the Empress along with yaezakura (double cherry blossoms) presented to the Imperial Court; however, according to 'ISE no Taifu shu (Private Collection)' it was supposed to be a duty of Murasaki Shikibu, but she delegated the duty to a newcomer, Taifu.

• なお、浅野が刃傷に及ぶ前、加藤泰恒（伊予大洲藩主）や戸沢正庸（出羽新庄藩主）が日光法会中に受けた義央のいじめを浅野に伝え、お役目を終えるまで耐えよと諭した逸話が、冷光君御伝記（誠尽忠臣記よりの情報としている）や義人録（広島藩士御牧武大夫信久の証言として）などに記されている。
• A Record of Reikogimi (information that is Seijin Chushinki-friendly) and A Record of Gijin (as evidence of Mimaki Budayu Nobuhisa, a retainer of the Hiroshima domain) contain an anecdote about Yasutsune KATO (lord of the Ozu domain in Iyo Province) and Masatsune TOZAWA (lord of the Shinjo domain in Dewa Province), who told Asano about Yoshihisa's ill-treatment during the Nikko Buddhist religious service but were persuaded to stand until the end of their services.

• 近年、見た目の格好が良くないとして好まれないが、男性がズボン下として着用し膝や太ももが、夏に汗ばんだ時は汗を吸着し、かがむ、座るなど脚を曲げる場合、ズボンと膝や太ももとの間にあってスリップ (衣類)や襦袢などと同様に滑りをよくする役目もあり、ズボンを突っ張って傷めることが少ない。
• These days, suteteko is likely to be avoided for its bad appearance, however, it works as underwear that protects the knee and the thigh, absorbs the sweat in summertime, makes the movements of bending and sitting smooth like slip and juban (underwear for kimono), and prevents trousers from being damaged.

• 「江戸学の祖」と云われた三田村鳶魚が、「足軽は兵卒だが、まず今日の下士か上等兵ぐらいな位置にいる。役目としても、軍曹あたりの勤務をも担当していた」と述べているように、準武士としての位置づけがなされた例もあるが、基本的に足軽は、武家奉公人として中間・小者と同列に見られる例も多かった。
• As Engyo MITAMURA, regarded as 'the father of Edo Studies,' demonstrated in stating 'Ashigaru were soldiers who were approximately equal in status to the noncommissioned officer or private first-class ranks of today; they also conducted the duties of a sergeant,' there were also examples of ashigaru who came to be considered quasi samurai but there are also many cases in which they served as buke hokonin and were regarded in the same light as chugen and komono.

• 京都鉄道は1907年に国有化され、以後National Rail、次いでJR西日本の駅舎として利用されたが、1996年の山陰本線（嵯峨野線）二条～花園駅 (京都府)間高架化にともなって駅舎としての役目を終え、1997年に本館敷地内に移築・復元して玄関口として使用、内部は昔の切符売り場などを残し、資料展示館として活用している。
• It was used as a station building by Japanese National Railways and JR West Japan after Kyoto Railway Company was nationalized in 1907; but its use as a station building ended in 1996, following the elevation of the Sanin Line (Sagano Line) between Nijo and Hanazono Stations (in Kyoto Prefecture), and in 1997 was rebuilt on this site to be used as an entrance, with its original indoor facilities such as ticket windows being used as a gallery.

• 関ヶ原の戦いの後は西軍の総大将を務めた毛利輝元との講和、山内一豊の土佐入国の援助、徳川氏と島津氏の和平交渉の仲立ち（直政自身は和平交渉が完全に終了する前に亡くなったので、その後の和平交渉の仲立ちの役目は本多正信に引き継がれた）などと言った戦後処理と江戸幕府の基礎固めに尽力し、これらの功によって、石田三成の旧領である近江国佐和山（滋賀県彦根市）18万石を与えられた。
• After the Battle of Sekigahara, he was given the 180,000 koku crop yield territory of Sawayama Omi Province (Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture), a former territory of Mitsunari ISHIDA, for services including making peace with Terumoto MORI, supreme commander of the Western Camp, supporting Kazutoyo YAMAUCHI in entering Tosa Province, mediating peace negotiations between the Tokugawa clan and the Shimazu clan to heal the wounds of war (Naomasa died before the peace negotiations were completed and Masanobu HONDA took over his task), and for his efforts in laying the groundwork for the Edo Shogunate.

• 文久3年（1863年）2月8日に尊攘派に推されて藩主になった池田茂政であるが次第に迷走するようになり、実兄の徳川慶喜が征夷大将軍になると一切の朝幕間周旋の仕事から身を引いたため、国事周旋方（尊攘派）の新庄厚信・津田弘道・平井重道らが隠居を迫り万成峠（岡山市万成）から岡山城へ大砲の音を鳴らして威嚇する事件があり、茂政より役目罷免・蟄居謹慎を命ぜられたが権六郎が執りなして蟄居謹慎を解かせた。
• Mochimasa IKEDA who was recommended by the Sonjo-ha party became the lord of the domain on March 26, 1863, but gradually strayed and when Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, his real older brother, became Seiitaishogun (great general), Mochimasa retired from the procurement work between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, and after the incident that Atsunobu SHINJO, Hiromichi TSUDA, Shigemichi HIRAI, etc. in the procurement side of state affairs (Sonjo-ha) pressed Mochimasa to retire and threatened him by the sound of a cannon from Bansei Pass (Bansei, Okayama City) to the Okayama-jo Castle, Mochimasa ordered thier dismissal of the role and house arrest, but Gonrokuro mediated to release from the house arrest.