形式: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 形式
- form (as opposed to substance)
- formality
- method
- system
- style
- format
- mode
- appearance
- form (something takes)
- math expression
- specifications
- genre
- Types
- 一形式
- one form (of)
- a form of
- 形式上
- in form
- ceremonial
- for form's sake
- pro forma
- formally
- 形式知
- explicit knowledge (knowledge management terminology)
- 出力形式
- power form
- Output format
- Output formats
- 交差形式
- transposition system
- 形式的な
- conventional
- external
- formal
- technical
- 法の形式
- form of law (form in which law exists)
- 実行形式
- executable form
- execute form
- 合宿形式
- residential
- training-camp-style
- boarding
- 形式名詞
- formal noun
- dummy noun
- expletive noun
- indefinite noun (such as mono, koto and no)
- expletive noun (non-anaphoric)
- 放送形式
- broadcast format (TV)
- 表現形式
- form of expression
- form of presentation
- 付属形式
- subordinate form
- bound form
- 形式張る
- to be formal
- to be ceremonious
- to stand on ceremony
- 形式段落
- formal paragraph (in opposition to a logical paragraph)
- paragraph as defined by its formal elements (e.g. line break and initial indentation)
- 形式言語
- formal language
- formal language (vs natural language)
- Formal languages
- 形式ばる
- to be formal
- to be ceremonious
- to stand on ceremony
- 音韻形式
- phonological form
- PF
- 砕波形式
- wave breaking pattern
- 標準と形式
- Standards and formats
- 形式的法源
- formal source of law
- データ形式
- data format
- Date Format
- Display Formats:
- シルク形式
- Symbolic LinK format
- 形式仕様書
- formal specification
- 形式張った
- formal
- official
- ceremonious
- 形式ばった
- formal
- official
- ceremonious
- 推進軸形式
- propeller shaft type
- CSV形式
- CSV format Comma Separated Value format
- 形式意味論
- formal semantics
- Formal semantics (logic)
- 一方向形式
- unidirectional type
- 劣性遺伝形式
- recessive inheritance
- 形式張らない
- unceremonious
- informal
- 第1基本形式
- first fundamental form
- 形式的確定力
- formal irrevocability (or finality) (of a judgement)
- 形式上の減資
- nominal capital reduction
- 民家形式一覧
- List of types of minka:
- ファイル形式
- file format
- File formats
- 日本文学の形式
- The forms of Japanese literature
- 伝送路符号形式
- transmission line codes
- 庭園形式の概要
- Summary of the garden style
- 標準データ形式
- standard data format
- 非フレーム形式
- unframed (format)
- 推進軸接手形式
- propeller shaft joints type
- 差動装置の形式
- differential type
- 冷却装置の形式
- cooling system type
- 直接型表現形式
- direct representation
- 斜パイ形式橋梁
- frame bridge with inclined side column supports
- 天気図記入形式
- station model
- plotting model
- 歪エルミート形式
- skew-Hermitian form
- 点火コイルの形式
- ignition coil type
- 推進軸中央軸形式
- propeller shaft center bearing type
- 表現形式による分類
- Classification by expression form
- 七七、七五の形式。
- It consists of four lines of seven, seven, seven and five syllables.
- 朝堂院形式創建期。
- The period when Chodo-in (an office at the Heijo-kyo Palace) style was founded.
- ダイヤルできる形式
- dialable format
- 実行形式ライブラリ
- execution image library
- 相対形式プログラム
- relocatable program
- スラストばねの形式
- thrust springs type
- 発電機充電計の形式
- generator charge gage type
- サーモスタット形式
- thermostat type
- 前車軸懸架装置形式
- front suspension type
- 補助ブレーキの形式
- auxiliary brake type
- かじ取歯車機構形式
- steering box type
- かさ歯車軸受の形式
- bevel pinion bearings type
- 書式付き処理可能形式
- formatted processable form
- 単一化に基づく形式化
- unification-based formalisms
- 線形二次形式最適制御
- linear quadratic optimal control
- 電流電圧調整器の形式
- current-voltage regulator type
- トラックロッドの形式
- track rods type
- 形式上の本庁舎の扱い。
- It is formally the main hall.
- 法華堂形式の陵である。
- This Mausoleum is in Hokkedo style.
- 即位詔と不改常典の形式
- Form of Sokui no Mikotonori (imperial edict upon enthronement) and Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten
- 皇統譜の形式および保管
- Form and storage of Kotofu.
- 五七、五七、七の形式。
- It consists of five lines of five, seven, five, seven and seven syllables.
- 五七七、五七七の形式。
- Two tercets of five, seven and seven syllables each
- 朝堂院形式整備拡充期。
- The period when Chodo-in (an office at the Heijo-kyo Palace) style was expanded.
- ストリーム形式ファイル
- stream format file
- フラット ファイル形式
- flat file format
- フーリエ級数の複素形式
- complex form of Fourier series
- クロスコンパウンド形式
- cross-compound type
- クロスリファレンス形式
- cross-referenced
- ショックアブソーバ形式
- shock absorber type
- 前車軸懸架緩衝装置形式
- front suspension springing element type
- パーティ形式による販売
- party selling
- マンホール形式ポンプ場
- manhole type pumping station
- 楽曲形式に由来するもの
- Those that are based on musical composition
- 五七、五七、七七の形式。
- It consists of six lines of five, seven, five, seven, seven and seven syllables.
- 城の形式は連郭式平山城。
- The castle is hirayamajiro of renkakushiki (renkaku style, which has the hon maru in the center with the ni no maru and the san no maru on either side. When building a castle of this style, it was necessary to provide extra protection for the more exposed hon maru.).
- タンデムコンパウンド形式
- tandem-compound type
- ブレーキサーボ機構の形式
- brake servo type
- 差動装置ケース軸受の形式
- differential case bearings type
- ピラミッド形式による販売
- pyramid selling
- マウンド形式の中央分離帯
- raised median
- 前期金銅宝塔と同形式の塔。
- A pagoda in the same style as above-mentioned gilt copper hoto.
- 院庁下文よりも私的な形式。
- It takes a more personal format in comparison to that of an innocho kudashibumi (a letter issued by the In no cho, the Retired Emperor's Office).
- - 古い形式として知られる
- It is known to have an old style.
- バイナリ形式のファイル転送
- BFT binary file transfer
- 横向板ばね四辺形式懸架装置
- wheel suspension with two transversaly mounted leaf-springs
- 音頭形式の楽曲一覧も参照。
- Please refer to 'The list of songs in the style of a folk song.'
- 試合形式(全日本剣道連盟)
- The style of match competition (All Japan Kendo Federation)
- 形式は以下の通り大別される。
- Form of ryoro is classified as follows:
- 形式文法の自律性に関する命題
- the thesis of autonomy of formal grammar
- 立ち食い形式のすし屋の名残り。
- Tracing back to stand-up sushi shops ('tachi' means standing-up).
- 七五、七五、七五、七五の形式。
- It consists of eight lines of seven, five, seven, five, seven, five, seven and five syllables.
- 院司が連署する下文の形式である。
- It took the form of Kudashibumi which were the documents cosigned by In no Tsukasa (officials of Incho) and were given to lower agencies.
- 全国各地の民謡にこの形式が多い。
- Many folk songs around the country adopt this structure.
- 五七、五七、…、五七、七の形式。
- It consists of alternating lines of five and seven syllables, and ends with an extra seven-syllable line.
- Choka consists of 5-7 syllables repeated and concludes with a 5-7-7 ending.
- この時代の形式を「唐印」と呼ぶ。
- The style of kanin in this period was called 'Toin' (Tang seal).
- Red Book オーディオ形式
- Red Book audio format
- Windows Media 形式
- Windows Media Format
- 能上演形式において三番目物となる。
- It is sanbanme-mono (third-category plays) according to the style of Noh performance.
- この形式のものを「印度本」と称する。
- This type of setsuyoshu is called 'Indobon.'
- 江戸時代に多種多様な形式が発生した。
- A great variety of forms emerged during the Edo period.
- 能上演形式においては二番目物となる。
- It is nibanme-mono (second-category plays) according to the style of Noh performance.
- 往来:書礼の形式を備えていない書状。
- Orai: a letter which was not written in the format of a formal letter.
- ただし、形式上は両省とも存続された。
- However, both ministries officially remained.
- 形式不備等による訂正届出書の提出命令
- Order to Submit Amendment by Reason of Deficiencies in Formalities, etc.
- 曲輪群を階段状に配置する形式である。
- According to this style, kuruwas are arranged in a stepwise shape.
- 下半身の衣料はズボンと同じ形式である
- The bottom part was shaped like trousers.
- その一方で、元より形式外のものである。
- On the other hand, Nodate is originally not conforming to formality.
- この食事形式が一般の人々にも広まった。
- This meal style spread among ordinary people.
- この形式は「能狂言方」といわれている。
- This type of actor is called a 'Noh kyogenkata' (actors who perform lighthearted mini-plays that are often staged between the more serious noh pieces).
- 長歌(ちょうか)は、和歌の形式の一つ。
- Choka is a form of waka (Japanese poem).
- 先生が基本的に講義形式で授業を進める。
- Lectures are the basis for how teachers give their lessons.
- オブロング地上高さ(楕円形式地上高さ)
- oblong ground clearance
- 版式(印刷の形式、印刷版の区別による)
- printing process
- また前方後円墳の形式にも変化が生じる。
- Additionally, the style of keyhole-shaped tumuli went through some changes.
- 一つの卓を四人で囲む形式が特徴である。
- It is consumed with four diners sitting around one table and is considered distinctive.
- 資料「福知山市の現況調査」(PDF形式)
- Source: Survey on current conditions of Fukuchiyama City (PDF format)
- また名前の形式そのものをも女房名と呼ぶ。
- Moreover, the formality of the name itself is called nyobona.
- 朗詠(ろうえい)は、日本の歌曲の一形式。
- Roei is one style of Japanese songs.
- 今様(いまよう)は、日本の歌曲の一形式。
- Imayo is one style of Japanese songs.
- が、形式主義に流れた和歌は衰退していく。
- However, waka grew heavy on formalism and ultimately declined in popularity.
- 韓国と日本の連邦形式の対等合邦を求めた。
- Thus, he called for the equal consolidation of Korea and Japan which would take a form of federation.
- 形式不備等による訂正発行登録書の提出命令
- Order to Submit Amended Shelf Registration Statement by Reason of Deficiencies in Formalities, etc.
- 公開買付届出書に形式上の不備があること。
- the fact that the Tender Offer Notification contains deficiencies in formalities;
- 形式化した慈善事業のようにきわめて冷淡で
- cold as charity
- 時報や合図を発する楼閣形式の建物のこと。
- The drum tower is a multi-storied building designed to inform people of the time or to give signals.
- 防具着用の上での直接打撃を行う試合形式。
- The match style (called 'bogutsuki karate') is one in which contestants are required to wear protective gear but are allowed to use direct attacks.
- また宗派により形式の違う檜扇が使用された。
- Different forms of hiogi were used depending on the religious sects.
- これを備えた曲種、楽曲形式を手事物と呼ぶ。
- The type of piece or style of a composition which is equipped with tegoto is called 'tegotomono.'
- 組歌と共に箏本曲とされる器楽曲形式の箏曲。
- Koto music in an instrumental style regarded as sohonkyoku (traditional Japanese music for koto) along with kumiuta.
- 国産会所では木綿手形形式の藩札を発行した。
- The kokusan-kaisho issued a momen-tegata (a draft made of cotton) as a han bill.
- 口頭弁論調書の形式的記載事項・法第百六十条
- Formal Matters to be Stated in Record of Oral Argument; Article 160 of the Code
- それが00:00:00の形式に変換します。
- It converts them to the 00:00:00 format.
- jpeg形式の画像ファイルを作成できます。
- You can create a jpeg image file.
- 横向リーフスプリング四辺形式サスペンション
- wheel suspension with two transversaly mounted leaf-springs
- が、幕末になると完全に形式化してしまった。
- It became completely formalized after the end of Edo period.
- この形式の山笠は、筑豊地方で多く見られる。
- This type of yamakasa can often be seen in Chikuho region.
- これらは小歌曲をいくつか連ねた形式である。
- These take the form of a number of short songs that have been combined.
- 形式等は、皇室典範及び皇統譜令に定められる。
- The form and the like were stipulated by the Imperial House Act (which is known as 'Koshitsu Tenpan' in Japanese) and the Order of the Record of Imperial Lineage (known as 'Kotofu Rei' in Japanese).
- 四体とも頭髪部や衣装は同じ形式をとっている。
- The hair style and the clothes of the four statues are in the same manner.
- このように手事物は人気の高い楽曲形式である。
- As seen here, tegotomono is a very popular style of composition.
- 「詞書」と「絵」を交互に繰り返す形式である。
- Kotobagaki' and 'pictures' are repeated alternately.
- 次は旋頭歌本来の問答・唱和形式のものである。
- The next poem is in the question-and-answer style of recitation of the original Sedoka.
- それがMP3/WMA形式の再生に対応します。
- It has the ability to play MP3 and WMA files.
- この形式の城郭を歴史学上、織豊系城郭と呼ぶ。
- This form of castle was historically called shokuho period fortress.
- 五重塔(ごじゅうのとう)は仏塔の形式の一つ。
- The Gojunoto is one of the styles of Buddhist pagodas.
- のちに付録を追加するなど他の形式も出版される。
- Its derivatives in different forms, such as one with copious appendixes, were later published.
- 形式論的には綸旨・院宣・令旨と同じ形態である。
- As a matter of formality, Migyosho were written in the same style as Rinji (Imperial order), Inzen (decree from the Retired Emperor) and Ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses etc.).
- 外見上の表現形式による分類は比較的明快である。
- The classification by superficial expression form is relatively clear.
- この形式も独特のものとして「漢印」と称される。
- This style was seen only in the Han Dynasty, so it is called 'Kanin' (Han seal).
- 広義には当該屋根形式をもつ建築物のことを指す。
- In a broad sense, this term indicates a building with any roof of this style.
- 内部を仏殿形式とした本殿と前部の拝殿から成る。
- Hiyoku irimoya-zukuri style structure consists of a Honden with Butsuden (Buddha Hall) style employed inside, and a Haiden (a hall of worship) at the front.
- 大きさは半紙半截、1冊5丁を形式的条件とした。
- Books were produced in a half page size format consisting of five sheets in total.
- 現在ではこのような形式で演奏されることが多い。
- Today they are often performed in this manner.
- 八橋以後もこれらの形式による作曲が行なわれた。
- Composition of this type of music continued after the death of YATSUHASHI.
- 格付けをするための形式的な呼称の意味合いが強い。
- Therefore, such 'Imperial posts' were rather very nominal ones used for the purpose of ranking.
- 呂中干ノ地ものの基本形式とされるのが中之舞でる。
- It is said that Chu no mai constitutes the basic format of Ryochukan no ji mono.
- はじめに略系、次に詳しい本系を載せる形式をとる。
- An outline is provided first and then details are given.
- その他、安堵状・充行状の形式の補任状も存在した。
- On top of those buninjo, buninjo such as andojo (a letter to secure safety) or ate okonai jo existed as well.
- なお、沖縄県には琉歌というやや独特の形式がある。
- Also, there is a unique form of poem called Ryuka (Ryukyu poetry) in Okinawa Prefecture.
- 形式的には、明治維新は律令制の復活劇でもあった。
- Formally, the Meiji Restoration was the restoration of the Ritsuryo system, the Japanese historical law system based on Confucianism and Chinese Legalism.
- MT形式のデータファイルがダウンロードできます。
- MT data files can be downloaded.
- 広義には当該形式の屋根をもつ建築物のことを指す。
- In a broader sense, this term also indicates a building with a roof of this type.
- 唐破風には向唐破風と軒唐破風の二つの形式がある。
- There are two styles of kara hafu gable, including the muko kara hafu and noki kara hafu.
- 持ち運びの容易にできる据え置く形式のものもある。
- Nure-en, which are portable and can be installed easily, are also available.
- 細川氏は形式上は管領家であるから執政権が存在する。
- As the Hosokawa clan was formally kanrei-ke, it had authority to control the administration.
- 中世の公文書、私文書ともにこの形式を採用している。
- Both official and private documents adopted the style of Ate okonai jo during in the medieval period.
- 甚句(じんく)は日本の伝統的な歌謡の一形式である。
- Jinku is a form of traditional Japanese songs.
- その名残は現代の興行形式である大相撲にも見られる。
- The current sumo performances called ozumo retains traces of these traditional rules.
- また批評の形式は古今和歌集真名序のパロディである。
- A style of writing is a parody of manajo (a preface written in Chinese) in Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 銀貨鋳造の吹元銀には大別して二通りの形式があった。
- Cupellated silver minting was divided largely into two types.
- 多くのソフトウェアがこの形式のファイルを読めます。
- Many software programs can read the files in this format.
- ほとんど記録が無く、具体的な献立内容や形式は不明。
- There is almost no record concerning the banquet, so its menu and style are unknown.
- この場合、屋根の上に能楽堂の天井がある形式になる。
- In such buildings, the ceiling of Nohgakudo is above the roof.
- 鉄砲が戦闘形式を一変させ、天下統一への道を開いた。
- Firearms drastically changed the form of battle, and opened the road to the unification of the whole country.
- 型(形)とは、一人で演武する空手の練習形式である。
- Kata refers to karate's solo practice and demonstration style.
- 組手は、主に二人で相対しておこなう練習形式である。
- Kumite refers to the face-to-face karate practice style (sparring), mainly done as a duo.
- フルコンタクトと呼ばれる直接打撃を認める試合形式。
- The match style called 'full-contact' is one in which the contestants are allowed to use direct attacks.
- 大鎧(おおよろい)は、日本の甲冑・鎧の形式の1つ。
- 'Oyoroi' (large armor) is one type of Japanese armor.
- どの幕府も形式上は将軍の家政機関の形態をとっていた。
- All the bakufu formally functioned as a domestic organization of shogun.
- (宣旨・官宣旨・院宣などの形式で発給される例もある)
- There were examples in which it was issued as senshi (an imperial decree), Kan senji (an edict from Daijokan which had the status of a binding official document), or Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor).
- この形式のものを「二行節用集」「二体節用集」という。
- This type of setsuyoshu is called 'Nigyo setsuyoshu' (in Shinsonigyo style) or 'Nitai setsuyoshu' (in Shinsonitai style).
- 15世紀、日本では「字引」形式の書物が発展してきた。
- In the 15th century, a book in the form of 'Jibiki' developed in Japan.
- 読本(よみほん)は、江戸時代後期の戯作の形式の一種。
- Yomihon is a type of gesaku (light literary work) written in the late Edo period.
- 一方で唐代以後闕腋袍の形式のものも盛んに用いられた。
- On the other hand, a style of kettekino ho was also popular in and after the Tang Dynasty.
- この形式はこの時代に独特のもので「秦印」と呼ばれる。
- This style is seen only in this period and called 'Shinin' (Qin seal).
- 旋頭歌(せどうか)は、奈良時代における和歌の一形式。
- Sedoka (A poem where the head is repeated) is a type of waka (Japanese poem) from the Nara Period.
- 屋根の形式を指す場合には、単に寄棟ということも多い。
- When referring to the style of roof itself it is often abbreviated to 'yosemune'.
- 企画の承認を得ることで形式を整え、開催にこぎつけた。
- After they got approval for this project as a matter of form, they finally managed to hold the stage.
- 日本食の中ではそれほど古い歴史をもつ食事形式ではない。
- Among the Japanese dishes, Donburimono is eaten in a style that is relatively new.
- 日本では、切妻造に次いで多く用いられている形式である。
- In Japan it is the second most widely-used form after 'kirizuma-zukuri' which has two sloping faces.
- 親王などの皇族が大臣の屋敷を訪れた際の接待料理の形式。
- It was a style of meal served to the Imperial families such as the Imperial Prince when they visited the Minister's residence.
- 漢字熟語を多数収録して読み仮名をつける形式をとっている。
- It is in the form of a large collection of Kanji compounds each of which is accompanied by phonetic transcription in kana (the Japanese syllabaries).
- 『助六』は歌舞伎の形式上「曾我もの」の演目となっている。
- 'Sukeroku' is one of the plays based on the SOGA brothers' revenge story called 'Sogamono' according to forms of Kabuki.
- 能上演形式による演能が本格的になった江戸時代に登場した。
- It appeared in the Edo period when en-noh (performing a noh play) in gobandate (five sections of a noh play) style became full-fledged.
- 当時としては和歌の新しい形式である「百首歌」を創始した。
- He created the 'Hyakushuka' (Hundred-Poem sequences), a new waka style at that time.
- それは同時に天や河に対する独自の信仰形式を内包していた。
- At the same time, this view also involved its unique religious belief toward the sky and rivers.
- この形式の伽藍配置には池の占めるウェイトが非常に大きい。
- When a garden of this style was introduced in a temple, the pond occupied a considerably large part of the premises.
- 日常の稽古形式が形稽古に終始している道場が大多数である。
- The form of daily training in the majority of the dojo is focused entirely on kata training.
- それはいちじるしく形式主義的な官制となってあらわれている。
- This resulted in remarkably formalistic rules on administrative organizations.
- また両流の拘束によらないかと思われる中間形式の違例も多い。
- There are also many exceptional cases that seem to be not bound up with neither of these schools.
- まず一般的なストーリー漫画の表現形式と技法を以下に挙げる。
- Firstly, the expression form and technique used for common story manga are described below.
- 弁当販売店の形式で、持ち帰り用寿司を売るチェーン店もある。
- Some chain sushi shops sell takeout sushi in the form of shop selling bentos (lunch box).
- 賛というのは、人物の事跡を述べ賞揚する文学の一形式である。
- 賛 (San) is a style of literature which describes and praises somebody's performance.
- 三番叟の呪歌:三番叟が千歳との問答形式で祝言の呪歌を謡う。
- Juka of Sanbaso: Sanbaso chants a celebratory Juka in the form of a dialogue with Senzai.
- この頃から、和歌というと短歌形式のものをさすようになった。
- Subsequently, Waka became a synonym for Tanka.
- 源家長記 1帖-鎌倉時代の歌人源家長回想形式の日記の写本。
- One section of MINAMOTO no Ienaga's diary, a written section of the Kamakura-period poet Ienaga's diary of reflections and methods.
- 廃止法令は特に出されず、形式的には明治維新期まで存続した。
- There was no official announcement of abolishing it, and thus it perfunctorily remained until the Meiji Restoration period.
- 土器形式の古さは弥生V期、庄内式、布留式という順序になる。
- In chronological order, Yayoi V type is regarded the oldest, followed by Shonai type and later by Furu type.
- 望楼型は、入母屋造りの櫓上に小型の望楼を載せたような形式。
- Borogata is a type like a small-scale Boro put on top of Yagura of Irimoya-zukuri (a hip-and-gable roof construction, or a building with this roof construction).
- 名称、様式・形式が何から由来しているかの結論は出ていない。
- No conclusion has been reached on the origin of the name and style/type.
- 会席料理(かいせきりょうり)は、和食の料理形式の一である。
- Kaiseki ryori is a form of Japanese cuisine.
- だが、飾りが一つの人形とその付属物のみという形式は珍しい。
- However, it is peculiar because the ornaments consist only of one doll and its attachments.
- 童謡・唱歌には3/4今様、歌謡曲には5/4今様の形式も多い。
- Not a few children's songs and songs for school music classes are imayo of three-four time, and not a few popular songs are imayo of five-four time.
- 歌謡(かよう)とは、音楽性を伴う韻文形式の作品のことをいう。
- Kayo refers to works of a poetry form with a musical nature.
- 他にも、自らの表現形式を持って短歌を作る歌人が活躍し始めた。
- Other poets also became active in the movement-poets who possessed their own original style of prose.
- 1945年4月の鈴木貫太郎内閣成立時までこの形式が継続した。
- This form of the conferences was continued until the inauguration of the Kantaro SUZUKI Cabinet in April 1945.
- 形式は、621年に発行された唐の開元通宝を模したものである。
- It was modeled after Kaigen-tsuho issued in 621 in Tang.
- 本丸と二の丸が並び、その周辺を別の曲輪が取り囲む形式である。
- According to this style, the honmaru and ninomaru are arranged side by side, and other kuruwas surround them.
- 高麗門(こうらいもん)は、日本における門の形式の一つである。
- Korai-mon Gate is one of the gate types in Japan.
- 構造形式煉瓦造、建築面積587.0㎡、東北隅実験室付、桟瓦葺
- Structure: Brick-build structure, 587.0 square meters, a laboratory is attached to the northeast corner, sangawara-buki roofing
- ここに並べた順序は、形式の発展順序を示しているわけではない。
- The sequence of the above listing does not necessarily indicate the development sequence of the types.
- 陣定(じんのさだめ)は、平安時代摂関政治の朝議の形式のひとつ。
- The Jin no Sadame was a type of privy council in use by regency governments during the Heian period.
- 日本に伝来後は中国・日本ともにそれぞれ独自の形式を確立させた。
- After the introduction of tocha into Japan, the Japanese as well as the Chinese established their own style respectively.
- 現在の歌舞伎として上演される際の構成は、三幕六場の形式である。
- When this play is performed as a present kabuki play, it is performed in the form of three acts and six scenes.
- 五七調(ごしちちょう)とは詩で五音・七音の順番で繰り返す形式。
- Five-and-seven syllable meter is a form of poem in which words of Goon (five syllables) and Shichion (seven syllables) repeat one after another.
- 七五調(しちごちょう)とは詩で七音・五音の順番で繰り返す形式。
- Save-and-five syllable meter is a form of poem in which words of Shichion (seven syllables) and Goon (five syllables) repeat one after another.
- ただし現行の辞書に通じるいろは順のみの検索形式はほとんど無い。
- Nevertheless, almost none of them offered a search method based solely on iroha order, a method that was similar to the modern dictionaries.
- のちに五七五と七七に分ける形式が発生し、連歌、俳諧が発生する。
- Later the form was divided into two parts (the first part of five, seven and seven syllables, and the latter part of seven and seven syllables), and then Renga (linked verse) and Haikai (17-syllable verse) were generated.
- この流れをつくる地方税制は一定の形式によらなければ成立しない。
- A local taxation system which creates this cycle cannot be established without taking a certain form.
- それは古墳時代前期に当たり、形式化された巨大古墳が築造された。
- That was the early Kofun period when formalized giant kofun were built.
- 構造形式煉瓦造、建築面積352.3㎡、二階建、地下一階、桟瓦葺
- Structure: Brick structure, 352.3 square meters, two-storey above ground and one below, sangawara-buki (clay Sangawara tile roofing)
- 町家(ちょうか、まちや)とは、主に京都の職住一体型の住居形式。
- Machiya or Choka (町家) is a term used to refer to popular style houses in Kyoto in which residence and retail store functions are combined.
- その後、何回かの修正を経て天保12年に現在の形式に落ち着いた。
- Later, the way to make the costume was modified a few times and finally the form fit into the current style in 1842.
- 室町時代には、書院における室礼の形式化にともなって権威化した。
- During the Muromachi period, it was authorized with the formalization of shitsurai (putting decorations suitable for a season or ritual onto an appropriate indoor place) in shoin (reception room).
- しかし、江戸時代後期に大発展し、地歌を代表する楽曲形式となる。
- However, great progress was made during the latter part of the Edo period, and they became the representative form of jiuta composition.
- 例えば最も簡単な形式では、チベットのツァンパのような物がある。
- Examples of the simplest kind include tsampa of Tibet.
- 明治6年(1873年)1月3日から現在の三殿親祭の形式となった。
- The form of Genshisai changed to the current form of sanden (three shrines) shinsai on January 3, 1873.
- 詞(し)とは中国における韻文形式の一つ、あるいは歌謡文芸の一つ。
- Ci is a form of Chinese poetry or an art form of ballad.
- 発表当時は読本形式であったが、これでは実際の上演が困難であった。
- Kiri Hitoha, when published first, was in the style of Yomihon (copy for reading)--a style not suited for stage presentation.
- また、この形式を採る演能は最も高い格式を持つ演能として扱われる。
- The Noh performances that take this form are treated as the most prestigious ones.
- 紫の枠に題号部分の赤い背景色、文章は上部にコラム形式、が基本形。
- This paper has a purple frame and a red background for the title lettering, and text in the upper portion in the form of columns, as its basic layout.
- また、奈良盆地は米どころであり、米手形形式の銀札の発行例が多い。
- Because lots of rice crops were produced in the Nara basin, many gin-satsu (paper money equivalent in value to a silver coin) in the Kome-tegata format (promissory notes for rice crop) were issued.
- しかし、この頃の政党の政権交替の基本的形式は以下のとおりである。
- However, the basic procedure of an administration change in those days was as follows.
- それはいわゆる歌舞伎座、専用形式の劇場への移行と無関係ではない。
- This was not irrelevant to Kabuki's facilitating transition to the theater specialized for Kabuki, what we call the Kabuki-za (Kabuki theater).
- 室町時代に確立された武家の礼法から始まり江戸時代に発展した形式。
- It began with the manners of the samurai community established in the Muromachi period and developed during the Edo period.
- この部分を「手事」といい、こういった形式の曲を「手事物」という。
- This section is called 'tegoto,' and this type of music is called 'tegotomono.'
- おおむね平安時代中期頃にその基本形式が確立したと考えられている。
- However, it is generally agreed that the basic style roughly established itself around the mid Heian Period and during the battles on buildings, shooting at each other with bows and arrows.
- これが次第に「た」へと変化し、現代では過去時制の形式となっている。
- It gradually turned into 'ta,' which has become a form of past tense.
- 大衍暦は非常に整備された暦法であり、その形式が後世の模範となった。
- It was an extremely well-formulated calendar, which became a model for the later generations.
- 明には、程君房、方于魯などの名匠が出て、形式も現代のようになった。
- In the Ming Dynasty Chengjufang and Fang Yulu, who were called masters of making ink sticks, appeared, and the form of ink sticks became the one used in these days.
- こうした鑑賞形式は、室町時代以降、茶道の隆盛とともに盛んになった。
- This sort of aesthetic approach rose in popularity with the rise in prosperity of the tea ceremony starting in the Muromachi period.
- 短歌(たんか)は、和歌の一形式で、五・七・五・七・七の五句体の歌。
- Tanka (literally, short poems) is a type of waka poetry, and has a five-line poem with the 5-7-5-7-7 syllable structure.
- 江戸時代初期においては大抵の場合、御台所は形式上の主宰者であった。
- In the early Edo period, Midaidokoro was a formal hostess in most cases.
- 前方後円墳 (ぜんぽうこうえんふん)は、日本における古墳の一形式。
- A keyhole-shaped tumulus (called zenpo koen-fun in Japanese) is a form of kofun (tumuli) in Japan.
- 構造形式煉瓦造、建築面積389.4㎡、桟瓦葺、西南隅塔屋付、銅板葺
- Structure: Brick-build structure, 389.4 square meters, asagawara-buki roofing, a tower is attached to the southwest corner, copper sheet roofing
- Structure Style: The building has a brick exterior and a pantiled roof. A penthouse with a copper roof is located in the southeast section of the building. Building area: 389.4 sq.m
- Structure Style: The building has a brick exterior and a pantiled roof; a penthouse with a copper roof is located in the southwest section of the building; building area: 389.4 square meters
- 武田惣角は道場を持たず、講習会形式で各地の警察署などを廻っていた。
- Sokaku TAKEDA did not have a practice hall of his own, and went around conducting a workshop of his school at local police stations and others.
- 朝廷からの攘夷願いを無視できず、幕府は形式的な攘夷命令を諸藩に下す。
- Bakufu could not ignore the Imperial Court's request for the expulsion of foreigners, and superficially it ordered various clans to conduct the above.
- 不改常典の真の名称と形式は、律令ではないという説で一個の論題になる。
- The argument that the name and form of Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten do not follow the requisites of Ritsuryo (the legal codes of the Nara and Heian periods) itself can be developed as an independent theme of one article.
- 桓武天皇の形式は、同じ文脈とほぼ同じ語法でその後の天皇に踏襲された。
- The form of Emperor Kanmu's edict was employed in the later successive emperors in the identical context and with almost the same wording.
- 現在では会席料理が正統な日本料理の形式としてもてなしに使われている。
- Nowadays, Kaiseki (会席)-ryori dishes are served for entertaining guests as formal nihon-ryori dishes.
- 室町時代に入り、古今伝授などの風が生じ歌学の固定化・形式化が進んだ。
- Once the Muromachi period began, customs like Kokin denju (the secret transmission of a certain interpretation of the Kokin wakashu) arose, and more progress was made towards the stabilization and formalization of kagaku as a discipline.
- それが次第に五・七音の最後に七音を加えて結ぶ形式に定型化していった。
- Choka gradually became a fixed form of verse with a 5-7-7 ending.
- 納税者に税を理解してもらい不満を和らげてもらうには必要な形式である。
- This form is essential for taxpayers to understand the taxation and to alleviate their discontent about the tax.
- 連立式天守や、連結式天守等の形式によって隔てられてできた曲輪である。
- Some of them include a renritsu style tenshu (tower grouping) and others include a renketsu style tenshu (linked tower complex).
- 各氏の衰えとともに別曹も荒廃し藤原氏の勧学院以外は形式のみとなった。
- Over time Daigaku-besso declined to such an extent that they became only a form as the power of other clans decreased, with the exception of the Kangakuin of the Fujiwara clan.
- また、三本の木や鋼材など使った建築物なども三弦の構造形式といわれる。
- The architectural style using a set of three pieces of lumber, or steel, is also called sangen.
- この戦いでは後見の藤原信西が主導権を握り、後白河は形式的な存在だった。
- During this War, the guardian, FUJIWARA no Shinzei took the initiative and the Emperor remained in the formal role.
- 式目(しきもく)とは、中世日本で用いられた箇条書き形式の法令集のこと。
- Shikimoku was an itemized form of law code used in medieval Japan.
- 『占事略决』は、執筆された当時の六壬神課の形式や内容を良く伝えている。
- 'Senji ryakketsu' gives good descriptions about the formality and contents of Rikujinshinka in the era when it was compiled.
- レビュー形式の演目だけに江戸時代には毎年さまざまな演出が行われてきた。
- It is a play with a strong show aspect, and its various versions were performed every year during Edo period.
- ヤンキードゥードゥル等、外国曲にこの形式の歌詞を当てはめたものもある。
- Some foreign songs such as Yankee Doodle (Anglo-American song) use the Jinku-style lyrics.
- しかし「石橋 (能)」のように半能形式で上演されることの多い曲もある。
- On the other hand some pieces, such as 'Shakkyo' (Stone Bridge, Noh Play), are played more often in Han-Noh style.
- 美嚢郡は木綿の生産地であり、高木一柳氏は木綿切手形式の紙幣を発行した。
- With Mino County producing cotton, the Takagi-Hitotsuyanagi clan issued paper money in the form of stamps for cotton.
- 在家役は桑・苧・絹・漆などの畠作物や夫役形式で課されることが多かった。
- In most cases, zaike-yaku was imposed in the form of bueki, or in the form of the tax on crops grown in fields, such as mulberry, Boehmeria nipononivea (a fiber material for clothing), silk, and lacquer.
- 従って城郭の建物が湖水に接した「水城」形式の城であったと思われている。
- Therefore, it is considered that the castle was a 'mizu-shiro' whose building is on the shore of a lake.
- さらに福岡は発表の形式として天皇と諸侯が共に会盟を約する形を提案した。
- Fukuoka also requested the Emperor's and lords's commitment to kaimei as an announcement.
- しかし、実務自体はほとんど無くなっており、形式的な職位に過ぎなかった。
- But the administrator lost all content and became merely a pro-forma rank.
- 古墳時代には鉄製短甲が出現し、横矧板鋲留が安定した形式として普及する。
- The Tanko made by iron appeared in Tumulus period, and Yokohagiitabyodome (nailing horizontally long iron plates together) prevailed as a stable form.
- それがフォーマットファイルをテキスト形式の地震波ファイルに変換します。
- It converts the formatted file to a plain text seismic wave file.
- 入母屋造(いりもやづくり)は、東アジアの伝統的屋根形式のひとつである。
- The irimoya-zukuri style is one of the traditional East-Asian roof styles.
- そこで、楽曲形式だけではなく、様々な切り口で曲種の仕分けが行なわれる。
- Therefore, the songs are categorized by various ways other than simply their musical forms.
- 薬師三尊(やくしさんぞん) は、仏教における仏像安置形式の一つである。
- Yakushi sanzon, or Yakushi triad, is one of the styles to place Buddhist images in Buddhism.
- 義満死後の4代将軍足利義持や前管領の斯波義将らは朝貢形式に不満を持った。
- The fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, who assumed the post of Shogun after Yoshimitsu's death, and a former Kanryo (shogunal deputy) Yoshimasa SHIBA and others were dissatisfied with the system that Japan had to pay tributes to the court of Ming unilaterally.
- 『明衡往来』に代表される実際に用いられる形式の書簡を無造作に集めたもの。
- The first group of koorai includes books with letters, which are in forms of practical use, collected without any particular purpose, such as 'Meigo Orai.'
- つまり、いまだ形式として「手事もの」の形をとっており、構成に変化がある。
- That is, it still takes a form of 'tegotomono' as a style, and the composition changed.
- シテが舞う前にツレの天女が舞う場合があり、そこで演奏される3段形式の舞。
- A tsure of Tennyo no mai sometimes dances before the shite, and in such cases this mai is played in the three-section format.
- 「大饗」には少なくとも「二宮大饗」と「大臣大饗」の2形式が存在していた。
- Daikyo' had at least two different kinds of style: 'Nigu no daikyo' (a grand banquet hosted by the Empress and Crown Prince) and 'Otodo no daikyo' (a grand banquet hosted by Minister).
- なお、荘園に関する資料は非常に少なく、当時の荘園の所有形式が特異であった。
- There is little literature on shoens and the form of ownership of shoens in those days was peculiar.
- 充行状(おておこないじょう/あてがいじょう)とは、中世に見られる文章形式。
- Ate okonai jo (also Ote okonai jo or ategai jo) was a style of document used during the medieval period.
- 明治維新の後に盛んになったこの形式を、現在ではもっぱら付祝言と称している。
- This style, which has become popular after the Meiji restoration, is exclusively called tsukeshugen at present.
- 儀式的な演能であるために、多くの場合、前場を省略した半能形式で上演された。
- Generally it was performed in han-noh style which omitted maeba (the first half of the drama) because it was ritualistic en-noh.
- 能上演形式においては初めに演じられることから初番目物や一番目物と言われる。
- Since this is the first performance, it is called shobanme-mono or ichibanme-mono (first-category plays) according to the style of Noh performance.
- 古体詩は唐以前に作られた漢詩の全てと唐以後に作られた古い形式の漢詩を言う。
- Kotai-shi refers to all kanshi produced before and in the period of the Tang dynasty and to kanshi which were produced after the period of the Tang dynasty but have an old form.
- この表現方法は明治期の西洋化で失われたが、古典ではよく見られた形式である。
- These methods of expression have been often seen in classical literature, though it was lost due to the Westernization influence during the Meiji period.
- 一人称の詩形、私性の詩、と呼ばれるほど、作者の主体性が強い表現形式である。
- Tanka has a style that expresses the author's identity so strongly that it is often called the first-person poetry or the self poetry.
- 俳諧の伝統的な一形式で、室町時代から江戸時代以前は俳諧の主流をなしていた。
- They were written according to the traditional structure of haikai, and became the dominant poetic style from the Muromachi period into the early Edo period.
- 形式は、621年に発行された唐の開元通宝を模したもので、書体も同じである。
- The format and calligraphic style of the coin was the same as those of Kaigen-tsuho, a coin issued in the Tang period in 621.
- また、新派劇と呼ばれる、日本の新しい演劇形式が成立したことも成果といえる。
- And the establishment of a new styling Japanese theater, called 'Shinpa-Geki' (a New-School Play), can be said to be another good result.
- また、地蔵盆における福引は、「ふごおろし」とも呼ばれる形式で行われていた。
- There is a lottery during Jizo-bon, which was drawn in 'Fugooroshi' style.
- また江戸時代には、三菜を刺身(向付)、煮物椀、焼き物とする形式が確立する。
- Also, in the Edo period, it became established that the three dishes should consist of sashimi, or mukozuke (a dish placed on the far side of the rice and soup), nimonowan (a bowl of boiled food) and yakimono (grilled or broiled fish or meat).
- グリーティングカード感覚なので、日本のように形式的に大量に送る習慣はない。
- It's a kind of greeting card, and Koreans don't send so many cards formally like the Japanese do.
- 続いて物語的色彩の強い『富士野往来』や類聚形式の『尺素往来』などが出された。
- Then came 'Fujino Orai' with more narrative tone, and 'Sekiso Orai,' which took a style of assembling similar kinds of items.
- 後世では極めて瀟洒なものになった反面、整いすぎて形式化したものが少なくない。
- The style became quite elegant in later years but not a few are too balanced and formalistic.
- 各銀行が発行したため発行者名は銀行ごとに異なるが額面や形式は統一されている。
- Being issued by each bank, names of issuers varied by banks, but the face value and the forms were unified.
- 構造形式煉瓦造、建築面積316.0㎡、一階建、一部中二階及び地下室付、鉄板葺
- Structure: Brick structure, 316.0 square meters, one-storey building with partial mezzanine and basement, steel sheet roofing
- Structure style: A one-story brick building with a mezzanine floor, basement, iron-sheet thatched roof and building area of 316.0 sq.m.
- Structure form: built of brick, space of building: 316.0 square meters, one story building, partly mezzanine and basement, plate roof
- これは貴族の邸宅の形式である寝殿造が寺院建築に取り入れられたものと見られる。
- This is believed to have been an adaptation of Shinden-zukuri architecture, a style of a nobleman's residence, into temple architecture.
- 天皇を中心に父子 ・兄弟の続柄を系線で結び、右から左に綴る横系図の形式を採用。
- It adopts the dextrosinistral form in which the Emperor is centered and the relationships of father, son, and brothers are linked by a line.
- 更に二人の二頭体制によって皇太子を経ず形式的に天皇に即位すべく準備が行われた。
- Moreover, ritual enthronement was prepared by diarchy with two people, without going through the crown prince.
- 室町幕府の五山以下の住持の補任には公帖(公文)と呼ばれる形式の文書が出される。
- When a chief priest in the court rank lower than gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) is appointed, a document called kojo (an official writ of appointment to the chief priest of Zen temple) is issued.
- 句の繋げ方には規則があり、また句数によって歌仙、百吟などいくつもの形式がある。
- There are rules for linking poems, and many forms, such as the kasen (superior poetry) and hyakugin (a type of renga), are structured according to the number of phrases.
- なお連歌の形式で三十六句のものを「歌仙」と呼ぶのは、これにちなんだものである。
- Thirty-six syllable renga (the linked verse) is referred to as 'kasen' (master poet) after the Thirty-Six Master Poets.
- 言えることといえば、日記形式ではあっても絶対に日記ではないというぐらいである。
- It can be said that even though the book takes the style of diary, it is not a diary at all.
- 土器は時代や地域によって様式にかなりの相違があり、多くの形式に区分されている。
- The pottery varies significantly in style depending on when it was made and where it was found, and it is classified into many types.
- しかし山がちな地勢上、完全な邑城は少なく山城との折衷形式のものが多く見られる。
- There are few perfect upuson because of the mountainous terrains, and many of them are small fortresses with an eclectic style.
- 院宣(いんぜん)とは、太上天皇からの命令を受けた院司が、奉書形式で発給する文書。
- 'Inzen' is a document which an Inshi (official of the In no cho, or Retired Emperor's Office) issues in a format of hosho (a document informing a decision of the upper ranked personages such as an emperor or shogun) upon direct orders from Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor).
- そして、日本の伝統に基づいた形式の「バランスが取れた食事」とされる向きが大きい。
- And, it has been used largely to signify 'a well-balanced meal' that follows a traditional Japanese style.
- 散曲(さんきょく)とは、曲の一種であり、口語による韻文形式または歌謡文芸の一つ。
- Sankyoku is a kind of music (qu) and a form of poetry in the spoken language and is also literature of songs and ballads.
- 「唐物語」(からものがたり)は、中国の故事を翻案し歌物語の形式にした説話物語集。
- Kara monogatari (Tales of China) is a collection of Japanese adaptations of ancient Chinese stories in the form of uta monogatari (poem-tale).
- 俳諧(はいかい)とは、主に江戸時代に栄えた日本文学の形式、また、その作品のこと。
- Haikai is a form of Japanese literature (or a work of haikai) that generally flourished during the Edo period.
- この形式は、定期造替ののちの旧殿分与によってその後畿内各地に広がったとみられる。
- This form seemed to be spread around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) due to the distribution of old buildings after regular reconstruction.
- その後、江戸時代初期に一族の橋本実村(公夏の曾孫)が実勝の養子の形式で家を継いだ。
- Thereafter, Sanemura HASHIMOTO (a great-grandson of Kinnatsu) restarted the family at the beginning of Edo period by becoming the adopted son of Sanekatsu.
- 皇統譜には宮号と称号は登録されない(宮内庁告示の形式によって官報で公表はされる)。
- On the Book of Imperial Lineage, the reigning name and the title are not registered (official announcements are made through an official gazette in accordance with the notification formality stipulated by the Imperial Household Agency).
- また、地理や歴史、道徳的な要素を盛り込んだものなど、多彩な形式の往来物が著された。
- Also, there were those that included elements of geography, history, and morals, meaning that various forms of oraimono were written.
- が、この形式においては、4コマ漫画でありながら笑わせどころが存在しない場合もある。
- Meanwhile, some of this kind have no funny parts even though they are four-frame comics.
- 太鼓の奏法である複式複打法を用いる演奏形態(組太鼓形式)を祭囃子と呼ぶ地域もある。
- In some regions the performance style of playing Japanese 'taiko' drums from both sides is included as part of Matsuribayashi.
- 典型的な餅まきは、上棟式を終えた後、建設中の住宅の屋根などから餅をまく形式である。
- A typical mochimaki is that rice cakes are scattered after jotoshiki from the roof (or other places) of a house under construction.
- 『蛍の光』、『リパブリック讃歌』等、外国曲に今様形式の歌詞を当てはめたものもある。
- There also exist some tunes applying imayo lyrics to foreign melodies, such as 'Song of Firefly Glow' and 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic.'
- 皇室財産の管理については法律ではなく皇室令という法形式をとる皇室財産令が規定した。
- The administration of Imperial property was defined by the Imperial Property Act, which took the form of a Koshitsu-rei (the Imperial Families' Act), rather than a law.
- 本絵巻はこの三十六歌仙の肖像画にその代表歌と略歴を添え、巻物形式としたものである。
- Sanju-roku Kasen Emaki were hand scrolls consisting of portraits, famous poems, and biographies of the thirty-six poets.
- 隋代には殆ど完本では伝わらなくなり、断片や他書への引用の形式でしか伝わっていない。
- In Sui dynasty, they were not passed down in whole books and provided in fragments or citation forms.
- 同時に税の趣旨から行政が一律に納税者より徴税する形式が実情にそぐわない場合もある。
- On the other hand, depending on purpose of taxation, a form in which tax is collected uniformly from taxpayers by an administrative body is sometimes inappropriate to the real situation.
- 一方、西日本や東北では低湿地が増加した為、低湿地に適した文化形式が発達していった。
- On the other hand, the wetland areas expanded in western Japan and the Tohoku region; as a result, the cultural style suitable for the wetlands had developed.
- 日本においては1871年6月に「新貨条例」を制定し、形式上は金本位制が採用された。
- In Japan, New Currency Regulation was established in June, 1871, and the gold standard was adopted formally.
- 三重塔(さんじゅうのとう)は仏教の祖釈迦の舎利(遺骨)をおさめる仏塔の形式の一種。
- The Sanjunoto is one of the styles of Buddhist pagoda that hold Shari (Buddha's relics) of Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
- 寝殿は南面し、南庭が設けられたが、南門のなかった点は中国の形式と異質のものである。
- Shinden faced south and had a south courtyard, but had no south gate, which is different from the style of mansions in China.
- 頒幅は鎌倉時代には廃れてしまい、伊勢神宮や熱田神宮の御神宝にだけその形式が残った。
- Agachino fell into disuse in the Kamakura period, and only the form is left to the offerings made at shrines to Shinto gods at Ise Jingu Shrine and Atsuta Jingu Shrine.
- 博多系飾り山笠をそのまま縦に縮めたような形式のものを、舁き山笠同様に運行している。
- It is similar to that of a Hakata-kei Kazari Yamakasa except its height which is shorter than that of the latter kazari yamakasa, and is moved during the festival in the same way as a kaki yamakasa.
- 日本以外では、大韓民国の石焼きビビンバやユッケなどによく似た形式を見る事が出来る。
- Outside Japan, a similar style is seen in stone-roasted bibimbap and yukhoe in the Republic of Korea.
- 前弾き(前奏) - 前唄 - 手事 - 後唄の、地歌「手事もの」の形式をとっている。
- It employs a style of jiuta 'tegotomono' consisting of introduction - maeuta (first vocal section) - tegoto (instrumental intermezzo) - atouta (second vocal section).
- 元々は鎌倉時代に禅寺で採られていた、質素倹約を重視した食事の形式を指す言葉であった。
- Ichiju-issai originally meant a meal style emphasizing simplicity and frugality that had been taken in Zen temples in the Kamakura period.
- 農耕社会においては収穫祭が古いものであるが他にも祭壇に動物の生贄を捧げる形式がある。
- In an agrarian society, a harvest festival was an old one, but there were other festivals in the form of presenting animal sacrifices at the altar.
- 生きた人間のドラマをあつかう「現在能」と、「複式夢幻能」を複合したような形式である。
- Kinuta adopts a style combining Genzai Noh, which deals with human dramas in the real world, and Fukushiki Mugen-Noh.
- 病院という形式は取っていたものの、コレラは未知の病であり治療を施す余地は少なかった。
- Hibyoin was a hospital nominally, and could do little treatment for Cholera which was an unknown disease.
- また、その形式と内容は、日本令(公式令 (律令法))に規定されるものと酷似している。
- And, the form and descriptions of such Kasho were quite similar to those specified in the Japanese Ryo (Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code) under the Ritsuryo law).
- また、これとは別に官職補任の記録を年表形式でまとめて後日の参考にすることが行われた。
- Apart from this, the record of appointments to government posts was summarized in the form of timeline for future reference.
- 浮世草子(うきよぞうし)は、江戸時代に生まれた前期近世文学の主要な文芸形式のひとつ。
- Ukiyo Zoshi is one of the major literary forms in the early Kinsei Bungaku (Japanese Edo period literature).
- ベトナムは長らく中国王朝の支配を受けており、形式上は中国王朝の律令が適用されていた。
- Vietnam was under the ruling of Chinese dynasties for a long time, and Chinese Luli was applied as a formality.
- 宣旨(せんじ)は、律令期以降の日本において天皇・太政官の命令を伝達する文書の形式名。
- Senji refers to the formal name of the documents to transmit orders of the emperor and Dajokan (Grand Council of State) in Japan in and after the period of ritsuryo system (the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 建築では、大阪にある四天王寺金堂の2重目屋根や京都御所の紫宸殿などがこの形式である。
- In architecture, second tier of the roof of Shitenno-ji Temple Kondo Hall in Osaka and the roof of Shishinden Hall of Kyoto Imperial Palace are in this form.
- これは天皇の寝室であるが、天皇の居所が常御殿に移ってからは形式的な存在になっていた。
- This was used as a sleeping room for the Emperor, but later became a room only in form after the Emperor's residence was moved to Tsunegoten.
- 漉返半紙または上半紙半截二つ折本、1冊5枚の形式、これが2冊または3冊で1部をなす。
- Books were of lower grade pulp paper or better quality paper stock that was cut in half and folded, made into a format of five sheets per volume of which two or three of these volumes then made up one installment.
- これ以降、院政は度々執られたが、あくまで形式上の存在でしかなくなっていったためである。
- Consequently, insei has been conducted from time to time since then, but it has been in form only.
- 御内書(ごないしょ)は、室町幕府の征夷大将軍が発給した私的な書状の形式を取った公文書。
- Gonaisho was an official document written in the style of a private letter that was issued by the Seii Taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- したがって壺飾や口切は過去の文化を伝えるために形式的に残されたものという見方もできる。
- Therefore, tsubo kazari and kuchikiri may have remained as a matter of form in order to pass down the traditional procedures.
- 迦陵頻の番舞(つがいまい)として作られたため、迦陵頻を形式や装束のベースにおいている。
- It was created as Tsugaimai Dance for Karyobin, and the form or costume is based on Karyobin.
- 近代以降の歌曲にも、『一月一日』、『われは海の子』、『荒城の月』等この形式の曲が多い。
- Imayo was followed by many tunes composed in and after the Japanese modern age, such as 'Ichigatsu Ichijitsu' (January First), 'Ware wa Umi no Ko' (I Was Born by the Sea),' and 'Kojo no Tsuki' (The Moon Over the Deserted Castle).
- 形式には、茶杯だけをのせる円形の物、茶杯と聞香杯をのせられる長方形・楕円形の物がある。
- There are some forms in chataku, such as round shaped chataku only for placing chahai (drinking cup for tea), and oval or rectangular shaped for placing chahai and monkohai (drinking cup for tea especially for enjoying tea scent before drinking).
- 春日造は、切妻造・妻入で、やはり身舎の正面に庇を付けた春日社本殿にみられる形式である。
- Kasuga-zukuri style was kirizuma-zukuri style, and was tsuma iri (a style of building which has the entrance on the short side of building), with an eave in front of the moya, which was often seen in the Kasuga-sha Shrine honden.
- 旧石器時代と縄文時代の違いは、土器の出現や竪穴住居の普及、貝塚の形式などがあげられる。
- The main differences between the Paleolithic period and the Jomon period are the emergence of the earthenware, the spread of tateanajukyo (a pit dwelling house) and the style of shell mounds.
- 昭和の戦前期から戦後にかけて、生活スタイルは急激に変化し、住宅の形式も大きく変わった。
- Lifestyle and housing style changed drastically from the pre-war era to the post-war era of the Showa period.
- 唐破風は、日本特有の形式で、切妻のむくり屋根の先に独特のフォルムの破風板が付けられる。
- Kara hafu has a characteristic Japanese shape which is a rising arch shaped roof on a kirizuma gable with the addition of an original form of gable boarding.
- 本膳料理が廃れた現在、日本料理に於いては、儀式などで出される最も正統な料理形式である。
- In modern times it has become the most authentic style of Japanese meal to serve at ceremonies, as 'honzen ryori' (a ritual meal served on a 'honzen' or legged tray) has fallen out of general use.
- 館内部には、武家造と呼ばれる形式の母屋のほか、厩(馬小屋)や下人・所従の小屋が置かれた。
- In the town, there was main housing in the buke-zukuri style (architecture representative of a samurai's residence), Umaya (pen for horses) and hut for low ranked people and retainers.
- 江戸時代、刊本は「乾本」の系統が付録の増大・形式の変化などで廃れるまで続けて利用された。
- In the Edo period, the printed setsuyoshu had been used continuously until the 'Inuibon' and its lineages waned due to the undue increase of supplements and the change of the style.
- 室町時代にはいると、御教書は下文・下知状を駆逐して幕府が発給する最上格の文書形式となる。
- During the Muromachi period, Migyosho drove out Kudashibumi as well as Gejijo and became the highest ranking document style among documents issued by the bakufu.
- 表面には「(大黒天像)、常是」および「常是、寳」の極印が打たれ、慶長丁銀と同形式である。
- On the front side, hallmark of (daikokutenzo)' joze' and 'joze ho'were inscribed, and the form was the same as that of keicho-chogin.
- また、佐治・小倉牧氏発行の紙幣にも、上記の米代預り銀札以外にこの形式のものが認められる。
- It is also found that the paper money issued by Saji and Ogura-Maki clans also include this type of money in addition to the previously mentioned Komedai-azukari gin-satsu.
- 『六代勝事記』の後を継ぐ形式で執筆されているが、実際には最初の2代の天皇の記事が少ない。
- It followed the style of 'Rokudai Shojiki' (war tales concerning six Emperors), but in fact, it does not have many articles about the first two Emperors.
- 藩札と異なり標符は、通帳のようになっており商取引が書き込む形式となっている特徴があった。
- The hyofu was used differently from han bills; it was similar to a bankbook, and business transactions were recorded on it.
- 建築物の外観平面の形式を表現するとき、ふつうは寸法をいうことはなく、柱間の数であらわす。
- To express the dimension of the exterior surface of a building, the number of bays between two pillars is usually used instead of the sizes.
- CD 能楽「熊野」コロムビアミュージックエンタテインメント 演能形式でほとんど全曲を収録。
- CD: Nohgaku theatre 'Yuya,' Columbia Music Entertainment: Nearly all the music is included, in Noh performance style.
- 助六を勤めるそれぞれの役者とその演目の本外題、および「出端の唄」の浄瑠璃形式は以下の通り:
- The actors that played Sukeroku, the titles of the play, and the forms of the Joruri for 'Deha no Uta' are shown below.
- この日、京都では天皇が諸臣を従えて自ら天神地祇の前で誓う形式で五箇条の御誓文が発布される。
- On the same day in the Imperial Court of Kyoto, the Emperor accompanied by his retainers proclaimed in this 'sworn by God' declaration ceremony there before the 'gods of heaven and earth,' presenting 'the Imperial Covenant Consisting of Five Articles.'
- 短甲(たんこう)は弥生時代から古墳時代にかけて用いられた甲(鎧、よろい)の形式名のひとつ。
- Tanko is one of the formal names of Ko (armor) used between Yayoi Period and Tumulus Period.
- 大棟から軒まで一枚の面ではなく、一段の区切りをつけてすぐその下から軒までを葺く形式である。
- The shikorobuki is a form of sheeting a two-tier roof; firstly, sheeting the roof from the omune ridge to the end of the top tier, and then to eaves, instead of sheeting a plane roof in whole.
- 構造形式煉瓦造、建築面積276.2㎡、2階建、桟瓦葺、東面塔屋付、南面玄関ポーチ付、鉄板葺
- Structure: Brick structure, 276.2 square meters, two-storey, asagawara-buki roofing, a tower is attached to the east corner, a porch is attached to the south entrance, steel sheet roofing
- また枯山水といわれる、水を用いずに、石、砂、植栽などで水流を表現する形式の庭園も作られた。
- A form of garden called Karesansui (dry landscape) which uses no water, but imitates water flow with stones, sand, and plants ere also designed.
- すると、このような形式的な隠居に不満を持ったBが、Aに対して反乱を起こすということもある。
- Then B who is discontent with formal inkyo may cause a rebel against A.
- 室町幕府将軍が明皇帝から「日本国王」として冊封を受け、明皇帝に対して朝貢する形式で行われた。
- The Japan-Ming trade took the form of having the Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu conferred a peerage of 'King of Japan' by the Ming emperor, and in return he paid tributes to the emperor.
- これらの屋台形式の蕎麦屋は、時代や業態によって二八蕎麦・夜鷹蕎麦・風鈴蕎麦などとも呼ばれた。
- These portable soba stalls were also referred to as Nihachi soba (soba noodle made from eighty percent buckwheat, and twenty percent wheat flour), Yotaka soba and Furin soba depending on time and type of operation.
- 引退した老将が孫と曾孫からの問いかけに答える形で源氏と東国武士の歴史を語る形式を採っている。
- The book is written in a format that a retired old army general told stories of Genji and the history of Togoku Samurai by answering his grandchild's and great-grandchild's questions.
- 後期のものは上下に大黒印2箇所と両脇に6箇所、計8箇所の極印が打たれ、元禄丁銀の形式に近い。
- The daikoku chogin in the latter period were similar to genroku- chogin in its form where daikoku hallmarks were inscribed at two places at top and bottom as well as six places at both sides totaling eight hallmarks.
- 大鯰を懲らしめる庶民の姿を描いた合戦図の形式、あるいは両者の対立を描いたものが特に知られる。
- Especially well-known types were in the form of kassen-e (picture of war) where common people punish a big catfish or a conflict between them is depicted.
- 江戸時代を通じて俳諧は連句形式が主流であり、発句のみを鑑賞することがあっても変わらなかった。
- Throughout the Edo period, haikai's main form was a linked-verse style, which was not changed even though people sometimes appreciated only hokku.
- 回遊式庭園(かいゆうしきていえん)は、日本庭園の形式のひとつで、園内を回遊して鑑賞する庭園。
- The Kaiyu style garden is a Japanese garden where circulating walking paths are provided for enjoying views of the garden.
- これを「四天王寺式伽藍配置」と呼び、三国時代 (朝鮮半島)の百済の寺院に見られる形式である。
- This layout is called the 'Shitenno-ji-temple-style garan layout,' which is a style seen in the temples in Baekje in the Sanguo shidai (the Three States period) (the Korean Peninsula).
- 原則として管理者である大家との同居であり、個室として提供される部屋に下宿人が住む形式である。
- There, in principle, the owner who serves as a manager of the lodging lives together with the lodgers, and each lodger lives in an individual room within the house.
- 生間流29代家元でもある小西重義が店主の料亭「萬亀楼」での有職料理の形式は以下の通りである。
- The following are the styles of menu for yusoku cuisine served at the Japanese restaurant, 'Mankamero' whose owner is Shigeyoshi KONISHI, the twenty-ninth head of the Ikama School.
- 撰者である太朝臣安万侶(おおのあそみやすまろ)が、天子に奏上する形式に倣って記した序文である。
- This is the preface stated in the style which O no Asomiyasumaro, Senja (author), used when reporting to the emperor.
- さまざまな国籍・形式のものが混在してしまい、弾薬の補給やメンテナンス面でも支障をきたしていた。
- Consequently different types made in different nations were mixed, hindering the proper supply of ammunition and maintenance of weapons.
- 日本人の古来の弓術の射撃戦方法論にも無理なく適合できるこの形式の銃が普及したと考えられている。
- This style of gun naturally fit in the tactics for shooting war using traditional Japanese archery and became prevalent in Japan.
- 三人とも、天皇に対して諡を奉るという形式をとっており、諡をつけることで天皇に列したのではない。
- It was an offer of posthumous titles to three emperors, not an act to acknowledge them as emperors by giving such titles.
- 外地に施行すべき法令の形式については、日本の領土であったか否かという点で統治方針が区別される。
- On the type of laws to be enforced in Gaichi, the governing policy varied depending on whether or not the region was Japan's territory.
- 浄土式庭園(じょうどしきていえん)とは、平安時代から鎌倉時代かけて築造された庭園の形式である。
- Jodo style gardens were built from the Heian period to the Kamakura period.
- なぜ、中倉のみ構造が異なるのか、当初からこのような形式であったのかどうかについては、諸説ある。
- There are various theories as to why only Chuso has a different structure and whether it is actually the original style.
- それらの中には近代競馬の要素を取り入れたものもあったが、伝統的な形式によるものも数多くあった。
- Although some adopted modern horse racing, in many cases, others kept the traditional form.
- 薬師如来を中尊とし、日光菩薩を左脇侍、月光菩薩(がっこうぼさつ)を右脇侍とする三尊形式である。
- It is a triad style and consists of Yakushi-Nyorai (Bhaisajyaguru) at the center (Chuson) and two Kyoji (attendant figures), Nikko Bosatsu (Sunlight Bodhisattva) on the left and Gakko Bosatsu (Moonlight Bodhisattva) on the right.
- 礼服はほぼ男子の礼服に準じた形式で(纐纈裳が加わる)、束帯は裳唐衣五衣のいわゆる十二単であった。
- The style of the formal dress was prepared in the same way as it was done for the male emperor's, (Kokechicho, a type of skirt with tie dye design from the Nara Period, was added) in what is called the traditional formal court dress, which was a layered kimono (worn by a court lady) with Mo Karaginu Itsutsuginu.
- やがて、三事兼帯は名家 (公家)の嫡流であることを示す指標となり、形式的・象徴的なものとなった。
- In the end, Sanji kentai became the superficial and symbolic one as the index to prove that a family was the direct descendant of a distinguished family (court noble).
- 単行形式のものもあるが、通常は数ヶ条から数十ヶ条(最大は寛喜新制の42ヶ条)によって構成される。
- In some cases, it was in the form of a single article, but it normally consisted of several articles or several tens of articles (the most numerous articles were forty-two in Kangi shinsei, which was a new law issued in the Kangi period).
- 古代からの文法の多くが姿を消していき、これにより日本語は現在の形式により近いものとなっていった。
- So many of the grammar rules from the ancient times disappeared that Japanese got closer to the today's form.
- 「散套」は同一の宮調を用いて構成された組歌形式のものであり、長短不揃いで押韻は一韻到底であった。
- 'Santo' is a suite form of poetry composed of the same scales (gongdiao in Chinese), in which major and minor are irregular and a single rhyme is used through the poem.
- 長谷寺参りの途中で大宅世継の孫である、150歳を超えた老婆から聞いた話を記したという形式を採る。
- Its form is that of a tale by an old lady, who was a granddaughter of Yotsugi OYA over 150 years old, on the way to visit the Hase-dera Temple.
- 従って公文(公帖)は将軍直々の命令書である御教書もしくは御内書形式で発給されるのが通例であった。
- Therefore, kumon (kojo) was usually issued in the form of Migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people) or Gonaisho (official document).
- 各私鉄から引き継がれた雑多な車両は、国有化後もしばらくの間、私鉄時代の形式番号のまま使用された。
- The various kinds of train cars that were succeeded from the private railways were used in the same model number as they had been used in private railways.
- その後は、各車種にわたって標準型車両が制定され、雑多な少数形式の淘汰が推進されていくことになる。
- After that, standard train cars in each form of car were set up, and assorted small number of train cars began to be culled out.
- 一定の形式とは税の徴収時期、徴収対象、徴収方法、徴収金額などを法律で定めておくというものである。
- This certain form refers to the legal definition of the time, liability, method and amount of taxation.
- 寄棟造(よせむねづくり)は、建築物の屋根形式のひとつで、4方向に傾斜する屋根面をもつものをいう。
- Yosemune-zukuri is a form of roof which has four sloping faces.
- また小大名の場合も、従来通りの山城形式のままで推移し、平山城、平城に移行できなかった場合もある。
- In addition, some minor daimyo had to stay in their traditional mountain castles, unable to move to a flatland castle or low mountain castle.
- 初めて武家政治を打ち立てた源頼朝も、鎌倉に浄土式庭園の形式を受け継いだ、永福寺の庭を造っている。
- MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who established the first samurai government also built the Eifuku-ji Temple garden of which form was following Jodo style garden in Kamakura (Kamakura City).
- 特に室町幕府の将軍を接待する「御成」が盛んになってからは次第に宴会料理の形式が整えられていった。
- Especially, after becoming 'onari' for receiving the Muromachi Shogunate, it gradually developed into a feast.
- 打撃による怪我を防ぐため、原則相手の皮一枚で止める「寸止め」もしくは「極め」と呼ばれる試合形式。
- The match style called 'sundome,' or 'kime,' is one in which the contestants, as a general rule, should stop a punch before it hits the opponent's body deeper than his/her skin to prevent injury.
- 同陵は奈良県橿原市石川町の中山塚1~3号墳(古墳古墳の形式一覧2基、前方後円墳1基)に比定される。
- The mausoleum is identified as the first to third mounds of Nakayamazuka-kofun Tumulus (two round and one keyhole-shaped burial mounds) in Ishikawa Town, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
- また、足利義昭が織田信長打倒を諸大名に呼びかけたとされる命令書もこの形式によっていたとされている。
- It is also believed that orders given by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA appealing to territorial lords to overthrow Nobunaga ODA were issued using Gonaisho.
- 有職料理は貴族の饗応料理、本膳料理は武家の饗応料理で、それぞれ過去には最も正統な料理形式であった。
- Yusoku-ryori were dishes for entertaining nobles and honzen-ryori dishes for entertaining samurai, and the style of either of them was most formal in the past.
- また、円卓テーブル上で円環する樋に素麺を流して食べる形式の食事施設も鹿児島県内各地に複数存在する。
- There are several restaurants in many areas in Kagoshima Prefecture where you can eat somen flowing in a circular toi on a round table.
- 具体的には、メールで願い事を送信し、それを神職・住職が直接神前・仏前へ祈願する形式が一般的である。
- More precisely, it generally refers to the act of Shinto priests and Buddhist priests directly praying in front of the altar of shrines or temples on behalf of people who send in their wishes and prayers via email.
- 鎌倉時代以降、世尊寺流を中心に数多くの書流が形成されるが、その書流化により和様が形式化されていく。
- After the Kamakura period, many calligraphy schools were formed centered around the Sesonji School, and the Japanese style began to be formalized with it.
- 「日本書紀」や「古事記」の中に多くみられ、五音と七音の句を3回以上繰り返した形式のものが多かった。
- Many choka poems are found in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), most of them are in the form with 5-7 phrases repeated at least three times.
- 一人でうたうようになると、重複はさけられ「五七?」「五七七。」→「五七五七七」の短歌形式となった。
- When sung by an individual, the redundant part was dropped to become '5-7?' and '5-7-7,' which gave rise to the tanka's structure of '5-7-5-7-7.'
- 藩は木綿手形形式の藩札で木綿を生産者から買い取り、買い取った木綿を大坂などで売却して正貨に換えた。
- The domain bought cotton from producers using momen-tegata and exchanged the cotton for coins outside of the domain, in places such as Osaka.
- 円筒埴輪が発掘されており、その形式から、この地域の古墳としては異例の5世紀後半の築造が推測される。
- With cylindrical haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs [kofun]) having been unearthed, it is presumed, based on their shapes, that this tumulus might have been constructed in the latter half of the fifth century, being exceptional for tumuli in this area.
- 1855年に松平定信(寛政の改革で有名な老中とは別人)を総奉行として律令制の形式に則って改築された。
- In 1855 this palace was built under Ritsuryo Style (a system of centralized government based on ritsuryo codes) having Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA (he was not the same famous person as a Senior Councilor in the Kansei Reforms) as Sobugyo (Grand Magistrate).
- 三位以下の公家や守護大名クラスの武士の家司・家僕が主の意思を奉じて発給した同形式の文書は奉書という。
- Documents with the same style issued by Keishi or Kaboku (servant) of nobilities with a rank lower than Jusanmi or Shugodaimyo (military governor) used for conveying their masters' intention was called hosho.
- 当初は諸法令の1文に加えられる形式のものが多かったが、後には単独の法令として出される場合も増加した。
- Initially, sumptuary laws were issued as parts of other laws as single added lines, but later, there were an increasing number of cases where they were issued as independent ordinances.
- 禅宗特有の形式による祖師像を頂相(ちんそう)と言い、大徳寺の大燈国師像などがこの時代の代表作である。
- The portrait of a Zen monk in the Zen-specific style is called Chinso, and the portrait of Daito Kokushi at Daitoku-ji Temple is one of the representative works of this period.
- 平安時代においては男子の汗取りの帷子、室町時代や江戸時代には男女の小袖形式の麻のひとえの帷子がある。
- In the Heian period, men wore katabira for soaking up sweat; in the Muromachi period and the Edo period, men and women wore katabira in the shape of kosode (kimono with narrow sleeves).
- また承禎・義弼父子と20名の家臣との間で、式目の遵守を誓う起請文を相互に取り交わす形式を取っている。
- Also, the agreement to swear the strict observance of the shikimoku was exchanged between Shotei and Yoshisuke, father and son, and 20 vassals.
- 比較神話:八十神の迫害および根の国訪問の説話は、課題婚型と呼ばれる神話の形式で、世界各地に見られる。
- Comparing myths: Tales of the persecution by Yasogami and the visit to Ne no kuni fall into a category of mythology called marriage by trials which can be found many places around the world.
- 裁判官は提出された書類の形式などから真偽を判断し、その書類の情報の中で判決を下すというものであった。
- A judge distinguished the true from the false by the form of those submitted documents and so on, then decided the case based on the information in them.
- 嵯峨釈迦堂(清涼寺)での僧俗の対話形式をとり、多数の説話を援引し、仏法こそが至高の宝物であると語る。
- It is written in the form of a dialogue between a monk and a layman at the Saga Shakado (Shaka Hall) in Seiryo-ji Temple, where in the course of citing a large number of setsuwa, they discuss how Buddhist law is the greatest of all treasures.
- その鋳造高に対する3%を分一銀(ぶいちぎん)として銀座が受け取り、残りを上納する御用達形式があった。
- 3% of the mint volume was granted to the ginza as its share (buichi-gin) and the rest shipped to the shogunate.
- 鉄剣に紀年が書かれていないが、木棺に収められていた鋲留短甲と鉄鏃の形式から五世紀中葉と見られている。
- The iron sword does not have an era, but it seems to have been made in the middle of the fifth century from the shape of short metal body armor with rivets and iron arrowhead collected in the wooden coffin.
- 今日、日本で行われている中国茶の淹れ方は、福建・広東で発祥した形式である「工夫茶(功夫茶)」である。
- The way of pouring Chinese tea in Japan in the present day is the form called 'kufu cha' (gubu cha) that originated from Canton, Fujian Province.
- 当初の着丈は腰まであったが、室町時代になると現在のように前身頃の方が後ろ身頃より丈が長い形式となる。
- Though it was originally waist-length, during the Muromachi Period it took on the form with a longer front panel than back panel like current examples.
- 現在、同陵は奈良県橿原市四条町字田ノ坪に所在する塚山古墳(古墳古墳の形式一覧・径16m)に比定される。
- This mausoleum is estimated to be the Tsukayama Tumulus (a round tumulus with a diameter of 16 m) located in present-day Aza Tanotsubo, Shijo-machi, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
- しかしながら、室町時代から江戸時代にかけては次第に形式化し、また金箔に代わり金泥による文様も普及した。
- However, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period, the patterns became fixed gradually, and in addition, patterns using kindei (gold paint), instead of kirikane, had become used widely.
- 養老律令の衣服令によると、礼服・朝服・制服の形式・色彩は、それぞれの地位や役職によって違うものだった。
- According to the clothing code of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code, the forms and colors of Raifuku, Chofuku, and uniforms differ to differentiate each status and official position.
- 南樺太に設置された樺太庁の長たる樺太庁長官には樺太庁令という形式の命令 (法律)を発する権限はあった。
- The governor-general of Karafuto-cho (Government Office of Sakhalin) located in Southern Sakhalin had the authority to issue orders (laws) in the form of Karafuto-cho order.
- 直径24ミリメートル前後の円形で、中央には一辺が約7mmの正方形の穴が開いている円形方孔の形式である。
- The coin was a round shape with a diameter of about 24mm and had a square hole, 7mm on a side, in the center of the coin.
- 縄張の形式は本丸の四方を二の丸で取り囲む「輪郭式」に分類されるが、本丸が中央より西寄りに配されている。
- The layout of the castle structures belong to the 'Rinkaku style' in which Honmaru is surrounded by Ninomaru in four directions; However, Honmaru is positioned slightly to the west from the center.
- 離散コサイン変換を使用した圧縮形式で画像を保存する ISO/ITO 規格。JPEG は非可逆圧縮です。
- JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
- 大陸風の挂甲から日本独特の大鎧形式への変化の過程やその正確な時期については、遺品が乏しく明らかでない。
- Concerning the exact time and the process of change from continent's style of armor to Japan's peculiar style of large armor, historical items left behind are scarce and not clear.
- 明治以降、能舞台と見所(けんしょ、客席のこと)の全体を建物でくるむ形式が増え、これを「能楽堂」と呼ぶ。
- After the Meiji period, the number of buildings surrounding the entire Noh stage and Kensho (guest seating) increased, and such buildings are called 'Nohgakudo' (Noh theater).
- 19切戸口(きりどぐち) 能の際の地謡や、能以外の上演形式の際に出入りする人が利用する小さな出入り口。
- 19 Kiridoguchi: A small entrance that Jiuta in Noh and actors in performing arts other than Noh use.
- 「平成天皇」という呼称は当人の死後の追号・諡の形式であることから、これを生前に使用することは誤っている。
- The name 'Heisei Tenno' (Emperor Heisei) is the form of posthumous title or imina (posthumous name) of the person concerned and therefore it is incorrect to use it during his lifetime.
- 形式(手紙文の「書き出し」、生活上必要な「単語群」、手紙文の「締めくくり」、日付、差出人名、宛名の順序)
- Formatted in the following order: 'introduction' of a letter, 'word groups' essential in everyday life, 'closing' of a letter, date, sender's name, and address.
- これに基づいて所領の給与や地頭職・荘官職・有司職への補任などの形式を取って新たな土地財産権が給付された。
- Based on their examination result, they were given land and property rights in the form of the grant of holdings or the appointment to the posts of jito (military estate steward), manor manger, and governmental officer.
- 「勢揃い」は木遣歌や神田祭礼の唄が流れる中、粋な鳶の者の名乗りだけを見せる顔見世形式の華麗な一幕である。
- Seizoroi' is a lavish act of all star performance showing only the scene of fashionablefirefighters identifying themselves while songs such as A log-carriers' [lumber-carriers'] chant [song] and Kanda Matsuri Festival songs are being played.
- 形式的には委託であるが事実上接収であり、朝鮮半島における情報伝達網を全て日本の管理下におくものであった。
- It was formally a commission but was actually a takeover to place all the information transmission network under the control of Japan.
- まず源氏物語の本文を全文掲載し、その脇に傍注、その上に頭注を書き込み解説を加えるという形式をとっている。
- The style of this book is as follows; the book has the whole text of The Tale of Genji, and the author interprets it with interlinear glosses and headnotes.
- 旋頭歌は、短長の一回の組み合わせに長一句を添えた形を片歌といい、この片歌の形式を二回繰り返した形である。
- Sedoka consist of two katauta, which in turn consist of a set of tanka and choka with one more choka added.
- 行分けによる呼吸論に着目して個々の独自性と理想型を目指した詩歌形式を創始者草壁焔太が発案し、定着させた。
- Enta KUSAKABE, who had been pursuing an original and ideal style of poetry, suggested and established this form after finding appreciation for the line-by-line breathing system.
- 弥生時代については、初期段階で東日本と西日本で大きく異なるが、後期には全体的に同形式に収まる傾向を示す。
- In the Yayoi period, dwelling types differed widely between eastern and western Japan in the early part but gradually converge into an identical type in the latter part.
- 一般の政策決定は総督府内部の官僚により法律が策定された後、台湾総督府による総督府令の形式により発行した。
- General governmental policies were issued by the Sotoku-fu in the form of an edict of the Sotoku-fu after the Sotoku-fu bureaucrats formulated laws and ordinances.
- また、藩の家臣は禄高に応じた銀の額の標符が渡され、買い物毎に商人がその標符に取引を書き込む形式を取った。
- Moreover, vassals were given a hyofu with the amount of silver coins depending on their stipends, and merchants wrote business records on it whenever they made a purchase.
- 平安時代の寝殿造の内部は、丸柱が立ち並ぶだけの、構造的な間仕切りが無い、板敷きの床の大広間形式であった。
- The inside of Shinden-zukuri style during the Heian period was a hall style with a wooden floor in which many columns stood in a row with no structural partition.
- 寝殿造りの建物は、現存していないが、京都御所の紫宸殿と清涼殿は、平安時代後期の形式を再現しているという。
- There is no existing building of Shinden-zukuri now, but it is said that Shishinden (formal place for ceremonies in the Dairi, Emperor's private spaces) and Seiryoden (literally 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) in Kyoto Gosho (Old Imperial Palace) recreated the style in the latter part of the Heian period.
- なお現在能(亡霊ではなく現在進行形として演じられる形式の能)の成年男性役には能面を用いないで演じられる。
- In Genzai Noh (noh plays featuring people alive in the dramatic present, not apparitions), performers who play adult male roles do not wear noh masks.
- 守護大名に対する武家役は守護出銭と呼ばれ、普通は国内に一国平均役として段銭や棟別銭などの形式で徴収された。
- The bukeyaku imposed on Shugo daimyo was called Shugo-desen, which was usually imposed on each territory in the form of Ikkoku heikinyaku, such as tansen and munabetsu-sen.
- 佐平治は無腰の町人を手打ちにするのを不本意と考え、自らの脇差を相手に渡して果たし合いの形式をとろうとした。
- Saheiji was unwilling to kill the townsman without any arms, tried to fight like by dueling and giving him his short sword.
- 前者は明治元年に銭札を、後者は慶應二年に米会所から庄屋・年寄・百姓の請負による米手形形式の銀札を発行した。
- The former issued zeni-satsu in 1868 and the latter issued gin-satsu in the Kome-tegata format from the rice association in 1866, entrusted by the shoya, Toshiyori (elder chief of a village or town during Edo Period) and farmers.
- 長歌は、十数句から二十数句までのものが普通であり、五七を長く続け、最後をとくに五七七という形式で結ぶもの。
- Choka generally consist of more than 10 to more than 20 lines with alternatively five and seven syllables and a couplet of seven syllables at the end.
- 御伽草子(おとぎぞうし)とは、室町時代から江戸時代にかけて成立した、短編の絵入り物語、およびそれらの形式。
- Otogi Zoshi are illustrated short stories, and the style, established during the Muromachi period into the Edo period.
- これを最初の書写と同じ形式で書き写させて全47帖とし、その目次も兼ねて年譜1帖を書き下ろし全48帖とした。
- He ordered copies of them to be made in the same format as the first copied book and made 47 volumes in total, and then wrote a volume of chronology and a contents table, creating 48 volumes in total.
- Hiroaki had these volumes transcribed in the same format as the previously transcribed volumes to create a complete 47-volume set plus an additional contents and chronology volume to make 48 volumes.
- 73歳の老婆が、長谷寺に参籠中の夜、修験者が現れ、不思議な体験を語るのを書き留めたという形式になっている。
- The form of this tale is as follows; a 73 year-old lady was staying in Hase-dera Temple for the night to pray, a shugensha (mountain ascetic of the Shugendo tradition) appeared and told her his amazing experiences, then she wrote them down.
- なお元禄以降の貨幣吹替えの際、回収された旧貨幣を吹元とする場合の取り扱いは御用達形式に準じるものであった。
- The official minting method was adopted for the reminting of recovered older silver coins at currency changes that took place in the Genroku Period and thereafter.
- 園内を回遊する形式の庭園は日本以外にも存在するが、回遊式庭園という語は主に日本庭園のみを指して用いられる。
- Gardens with circulating walking paths exist in countries other than Japan, but the term Kaiyu is mostly used for Japanese style gardens.
- この形式は、渡り廊下で寝殿と対屋をつなぐ寝殿造や、玄関・大書院・小書院などを連ねる書院造とも異なっている。
- This architectural style is different from that of the Shinden-zukuri style, where a shinden and Tainoya (the building where family members of the residence lived) were connected with a corridor, and the Shoin-zukuri style where an entrance, a dai-shoin (a large drawing room) and a sho-shoin (a small drawing room) were connected in a row.
- この「障子戸」が開閉式の障子の最初とみられているが、一説によると扉形式で、引き違い戸ではなかったともいう。
- This 'Shoji-to' is considered to be the first openable Shoji, but one theory says it was not a sliding door but a swing door.
- 「融通円門章」は漢文体で難解なため、その弊を補うために和文形式で書かれた「融通念仏信解章」も広く普及した。
- Since 'Yuzu enmonsho' was written in kanbun, classical Chinese, 'Yuzu nenbutsu shingesho' (document for understanding and mastering Yuzu nenbutsu), which was written in Japanese, were widespread in order to cover the negative effects of the former.
- 連体形で文末を結ぶ「ぞ・なむ・や・か」の係結びは、連体形終止の一般化と共に意義を失い、形式も混乱していった。
- Linked forms in which the existence of 'zo, nam, ya, ka' caused the sentence to end with an attributive form became marginalized and disrupted in format, with the generalization of an attributive form being used as an end-form.
- 食事をする席が設けられておらず、買った人が持ち帰る、あるいは各家庭へ出前をすることを専門とする形式の寿司屋。
- It is a sushi shop where there are no seats for eating and customers take sushi out, or there is a home-delivery service.
- 日本文学の定義を何に求めるかについては諸説あり、言語、発表された地域、文学の形式など多くの要素が考えられる。
- There are various theories about how to define Japanese literature, and many factors are considered, such as language, the area of publication, and literary form.
- 先行する諸註釈を参照にしながら、わかりやすくまとめられた講義の筆録もしくは講義体の形式を借りた註釈書である。
- It is a written record of lectures or commentary written in the form of a lecture, organized to be understood easily while referring to various preceding commentaries.
- 仙台藩により天明4年(1784年)に発行された仙台通宝のように貨幣形式のものも広義の藩札に含める場合がある。
- Sendai Tsuho, which was a coin issued by Sendai Domain in 1784, was also broadly referred to as a han bill.
- 1棟の建物(多くは2階建て)を中央で区分し、2軒の家が壁の一方向を共有する形式で、敷地や建設費を節約できる。
- A building (generally of two-story configuration) is divided into two parts at the midpoint, and one of the walls of each of the two parts, as in a row house, is shared by adjoining dwellings, thus economizing on land usage and the cost of construction.
- 馬上で弓矢を撃ち合う合戦形式が中心であった平安 - 鎌倉時代に主に騎乗の上級武将が着用する鎧として普及した。
- This type of armor were mainly spread among the superior warriors on horses from the Heian to Kamakura Period.
- 原文は『吾妻鏡』や『平家物語』に納められているが、令旨としての形式に不備があり、史料によって文言に異同がある。
- The text of his proclamation is recorded in the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) and the 'Heike monogatari,' but as a princely command it has formal and structural defects, and the exact wording varies with the source.
- 対策文は、中国の故事を引用した内容空疎なものであり、次第に形式化していったが、試験自体は室町時代まで行われた。
- Taisakumon drew Chinese historical events and was poor in content, and was gradually becoming formalized, but the test itself continued until the Muromachi period.
- また、西洋においては腰に帯剣用のベルトを巻く他に、肩からたすき掛けにしたベルトに、鞘を取り付ける形式もあった。
- In the West, a crisscrossed shoulder belt fitted with a scabbard was also worn in addition to the waist belt for carrying a sword.
- 競技かるたをスポーツだと言う人間は多いが、1つの試合に1人以上の審判がつかない対戦形式のスポーツは稀有である。
- Many people claims that Kyogi Karuta is a sport, however it is rare for a game format sport to not have more than one referee attending to a game.
- 前者のような伝統的な形式では、八景を構成する個々の項目は、風景の対象地とそこでの事象や事物を組み合わせている。
- In the former case of the traditional style, each component of Eight Views is a combination of the place for the scenery and the phenomenon or object there.
- 仏足石歌(ぶっそくせきか)は、和歌の作歌における内容と形式による歌の名前で、仏足石(仏足跡)の歌とも称される。
- Bussokusekika is a name given to a waka (Japanese poetry) based on its contents and format, and is also referred to as Bussokuseki no uta (the Buddha's Footprint Poems).
- 前方後円墳はヤマト王権が倭の統一政権として確立してゆくなかで、各地の豪族に許可した形式であると考えられている。
- Historians and other experts considered that this 'Yamato sovereignty' provided to the powerful families or clans of Japan the permission to build the keyhole-shaped mounds; it was through this mound permission process that a unified authority was established.
- しかし、二・二六事件による岡田内閣総辞職の際には重臣会議は開催されず、阿部内閣成立時までその形式が続いている。
- However, a conference was not held, when the entire OKADA Cabinet resigned because of the February 26th Incident, and had remained so until the inauguration of the ABE Cabinet.
- 仏塔には多くの種類があるが、このうち、「層塔」と呼ぶ楼閣形式のもので、五重の屋根をもつものを「五重塔」と呼ぶ。
- Buddhist pagodas, of many types, in the Rokaku (pavilion) style called 'Soto' with five roofs are called 'Gojunoto' (five-storey pagoda).
- この浄土形式の建築と庭は、12世紀初期には京都より遠く離れた東北の平泉に造られ、今も庭園の遺跡をとどめている。
- In the beginning of 12th century, Jodo style buildings and gardens were also constructed in Hiraizumi in the Tohoku area, located far from the capital, and the relics of the gardens still remain there.
- なかでも、「しつらい」の間仕切り具として最も重要な「障子」は、平安時代にさまざまな形式の障子が考案されている。
- Among them, as to the 'shoji', which were the most important partitions for 'shitsurai,' various forms of shoji were invented during the Heian period.
- 3代将軍源実朝の死による源家の断絶後、鎌倉幕府は朝廷から迎える摂家将軍を推戴し、将軍の地位を形式的なものにした。
- After the Minamoto family came to an end with the death of the third shogun, Sanetomo MINAMOTO, the Kamakura shogunate was presided over by a sekke shogun (shogun from a regent family) sent from the Imperial Court, which made the position of shogun a merely ceremonial post.
- 大宝律令以後において天皇の私的命令あるいは特定個人に対する命令である勅について原則的にはこの形式で出されていた。
- After Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), the emperor's private order or an order to a specific individual was used generally by this form.
- 4コマ漫画では、縦に1列に並べた4コマを起承転結の配置とし、4コマ目にオチを配置するのが基本的な表現形式である。
- In four-frame comics, each of the four frames forming a vertical line represents kishotenketsu (the structure and development of Chinese and Japanese narratives), and it is a basic style to have ochi in the fourth frame.
- 一般に、腰丈または膝丈の羽織の形式で、襟の折返しも胸紐もなく、筒袖または広袖の単純な形をしているのが特徴である。
- Generally it is in style of haori (a Japanese half-coat) with waist or knee length and it has feature of simple Tsutsusode (kimono with tubular style of sleeve) or hirosode (a wide sleeve) shape, without a lapel or breast cord.
- 院庁牒(いんのちょうちょう)は、太上天皇の院庁より、被管関係にない官司や僧綱などに対して出した牒形式の命令文書。
- Innochocho is an order document in a form of cho (a kind of document formats) issued by In no cho of Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor) to officials and Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) that were not under its jurisdiction.
- 『校異源氏物語』の完成をもって芳賀矢一記念会が解散したことにより、これ以後は形式的には池田亀鑑個人の事業になる。
- The Memorial Association of Yaichi Haga dissolved after completion of 'Koi Genji monogatari,' so the works hereafter were formally Kikan IKEDA's individual project.
- しかし、俳諧という、自然と人生に基礎を置く民衆的な文学を、形式・内容共に純芸術と完成せしめたのは松尾芭蕉である。
- Nevertheless, it was Basho MATSUO who brought haikai, popular literature based on the nature and human life, to the high art in its form and substance.
- 歌仙を巻いて、その後で付け合いの雰囲気や意図について解説対談を行うという形式によって、連句の可能性が追求された。
- Each time they completed another kasen, they would discuss and debate the poem's mood and purpose, thereby exploring the latent potential of renku as an art form.
- 968年(安和元年)より1259年(正元元年)12月までを天皇紀の形式をとった漢文の編年体によって記されている。
- It records from 968 (the first year of the Anwa era) to December, 1259 (the first year of the Shogen era) in classical Chinese in a chronological style as a form of Tenno-ki (describing events in the order of the reign of the Japanese emperors).
- 旧鉄道作業局の車両を含めて、新たな形式番号体系が制定されるのは、買収開始から実に3年後の1909年のことである。
- It was in 1909 well after three years since the acquisition had started that, including the model number of train cars that had been used in the former Imperial Government Railway of Japan, the new model numbers were set up.
- また先に示した土器編年による区分の他、縄文時代を文化形式の側面から見て幾つかの時期に分類する方法も存在している。
- In addition to periodization based on the sequence of Jomon earthenware, another method of periodization uses different aspects of the Jomon culture to divide the Jomon period into several periods.
- しかし、時代が下るにしたがって、落札した町人などが現場の責任を負う請負形式が多くなり、さらには金納化も進行した。
- However, as time went by, Fushin was increasingly conducted by contracts made by merchants, and payment in cash became more and more common.
- 新たな露天商としては、商店街や外食産業の無いビジネス街などで、改造した車両を用いて、屋台形式で商売する者もいる。
- As a new type of rotensho, some people do business in the yatai style using converted vehicles in business districts where shopping areas or the food service industry do not exist.
- 形式だけ行われる1度目と2度目の上表を「初度」「第二度」、実際に天皇が勅答を決める3度めを「第三度」の表と称した。
- The first and second Johyo presented with formality were called 'Shodo' (first time) and 'Dainido' (second time); and the third one, the Emperor actually decided his answer, was called 'Daisando' (third time).
- 幕末にいたって尊皇思想が高揚すると天皇陵にも復古調が取り入れられ、孝明天皇陵は大規模な墳丘を持つ形式で築造された。
- When a political philosophy advocating the reverence for the emperor was adopted by many people toward the end of the Edo period, an ancient style was revived in the construction of imperial mausoleums; thus, Emperor Komei's mausoleum was built with a large burial mound.
- 蕎麦屋やうどん屋でも定番のメニューであるが、調理に時間や手間がかかるため、立ち食い形式の店ではほとんど見られない。
- While it is a regular item on menus at soba noodle restaurants and udon noodle restaurants, it is rarely served at stand-up stalls because cooking it takes time and effort.
- また、各4コマごとにオチをつけながら完結させずに次の4コマに連続させる、ストーリー4コマと呼ばれる形式も存在する。
- There is also a style called 'story four-frame' in which punch lines come every four frames although the story goes on to the next four.
- 桜餅のように団子を植物の葉で挟む形式などが珍しく、この椿餅は日本独自のものでないかと言う見解もあるが定かではない。
- The style that dumplings wrapped with plant leaves like Sakuramochi (rice cake with bean jam wrapped in a preserved cherry leaf) is uncommon and there is an opinion that Tsubaki-mochi is unique to Japan, but this is not certain.
- 曲は戯曲 (中国)といわれる劇中で使われるものと歌謡だけの散曲があり、形式的には小令と套数という二つのものがある。
- Qu includes gikyoku (xiqu in Chinese)(China) that is used in plays as well as sankyoku (sanqu in Chinese) that is composed of only songs and has two kinds of style, shorei (xiaoling in Chinese) and tosu (taoshu in Chinese).
- 明治維新によりこれらの制度も崩壊したが、「茶屋辻」のその文様の形式は、一般庶民にも格の高い物として受け入れられた。
- Even after class system collapsed due to the Meiji Restoration, the high-toned formality of the 'Chayatsuji' pattern was accepted by populace.
- 「万葉集」の時代になると、長歌の後にそれを要約する形で、短歌形式(五七五七七)の反歌を付け加えることが多くなった。
- By the time of Manyoshu, a Hanka poem in tanka form (5-7-5-7-7 phrases) was often appended to a Choka poem as a summary.
- 狂歌(きょうか)とは、社会風刺や皮肉、滑稽を盛り込み、五・七・五・七・七の音で構成した短歌(和歌)のパロディ形式。
- Kyoka is a parody of tanka (Japanese poem) that contains social satire, irony, and humor in 31 (5-7-5-7-7) syllables.
- 失った釣針や猟具を追って異郷を訪問し、これを手に入れてから持ち主に復讐するという形式の説話は、世界各地に見られる。
- Legends that take the form of visiting a foreign land by chasing a lost fishing hook or a hunting tool and getting one's revenge on the owner by finding and obtaining these items can be found in various places throughout the world.
- 中世の鎌倉時代から100句を基準とする長連歌の形式が整えられ、南北朝時代 (日本)を経て室町時代が最盛期とされる。
- Since the medieval Kamakura period, the Chorenga had evolved into a hundred-stanza sequence, and after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) it reached its golden age in the Muromachi period.
- これらの歌には一部に形式化の傾向もみられた当時の和歌とは異なり、庶民の生活感情がよくあらわれているといわれている。
- It is said that these songs were different from the waka, some of which were formalized at that time, and they represented the emotions of the common people well.
- 文禄・慶長の役で日本軍の攻囲に耐えた延安城、また一旦は日本軍の攻撃を退けた晋州城攻防戦はその折衷形式のものである。
- Enan-jo Castle that withstood the siege of the Japanese military during the Bunroku-Keicho War, and Jinju Castle that also held against Japan's attack are an example of those castles with an eclectic style.
- 白河院が自慢にしていた庭園で、池を中心に南殿、北殿などの住宅と安楽寿院などの堂塔が同居した浄土形式の構成であった。
- Boasted by the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, the garden was a Jodo style one where residences such as the Minami-dono (south) hall and Kita-dono (north) hall, and other halls and towers, including Anrakuju-in Temple, were placed around the pond.
- 天正年間には堺の町衆を中心としてわび茶が形成されており、その食事の形式として一汁三菜(或いは一汁二菜)が定着した。
- During the Tensho era, wabicha (wabi style of tea ceremony) was formed among the townspeople who lived in Sakai and a meal with one soup and three (or two) side dishes became established as the form of the meal.
- 一般的に葬礼は仏式で行われることが多く、結婚式はキリスト教式あるいは神式で、といった宗教形式の混在現象が見られる。
- There is seen such a phenomenon of mixed religious form as funeral services are generally held in accordance with Buddhist rituals, and wedding ceremonies are held in accordance with the Christian or Shinto rituals.
- なお、斯波義廉の子斯波義俊は、室町将軍家の分家である越前の鞍谷公方を継ぎ、形式的な越前国主として朝倉氏に推戴された。
- Furthermore, Yoshitoshi SHIBA, a son of Yoshikado SHIBA, succeeded Kuratani kubo of Echizen, a branch family of the Muromachi shogunate family, and became a figurehead of Echizen Province as recommended by the Asakura clan.
- その後仇討ちは武士階級の台頭以来広く見られるようになるが、江戸幕府によって法制化されるに至ってその形式が完成された。
- Later, Katakiuchi became prevalent along with the rise of the samurai hierarchy, and when the practice was legislated by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it took a complete form.
- 文型としては宛所(宛先)と書止めがそれぞれ「某とのへ・也」とより丁寧な表現の「某殿・也、状如件」の2形式が存在した。
- There were two kinds of documentary forms, more specifically one which used respectful words in writing the name of the addressee and ending the letter, and a normal letter which did not use respectful words.
- 特筆すべきは自由組手の形式をいちはやく確立していたことである(現在の日本拳法では「組手」という用語は用いていない)。
- It is notable that it was quick to establish the form of jiyu kumite (free sparring) (presently the word 'kumite' is not used in nihon kenpo).
- また地歌や箏曲に加わり他の楽器と合奏することも多くなり、特に三曲すべてを合わせる三曲合奏の形式が出来上がっていった。
- In addition, Kokyu became increasingly played for Jiuta songs or So music with other instruments, and in particular, the form of playing these three instruments in concert had been established.
- また、李氏朝鮮も徹底した文治主義をとり、非常に形式主義的な性格の強い朝鮮使節の応接は勅旨以上に気を使うものであった。
- Since the Joseon Dynasty was the government by law and reason rather than by military force, the envoy observed formalism so strictly that the Japanese government had to treat them more carefully than the Imperial order.
- 唐制では皇太子関係の諸機関は半ば独立して一つの朝廷を形作っていたことから、春宮坊も形式的には諸官庁から独立している。
- In the Tang Dynasty, each institution related with the Crown Prince was half independent and formed one Imperial Court and thus togubo was also independent from each authority in the form.
- テツandトモの芸は、歌いながらネタを披露するという形式のものであり、詩吟で培ったと思われる歌唱力は評価されている。
- The performance of Tetsu and Tomo is the form where they show the material with singing and their singing ability which seems to have been developed by shigin is highly evaluated.
- 蝦夷「えみし」についての形式上最も古い言及は『日本書紀』神武東征記中に詠まれている来目歌の一つに愛濔詩として登場する。
- The oldest record of Emishi in form is introduced in Kumeuta (a kind of poem) composed in a 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) Jinmu tosei (story in Japanese myth about the first generation of the Imperial family) as an Aibishi.
- 律令制秩序の回復を目指して天皇・上皇(治天の君)の意向を受けた太政官が陣定などを経て官符(太政官符)の形式で発布する。
- It was promulgated in the form of kanpu (Daijokanpu, which means official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) through a council called Jin no sadame (ancient cabinet council) held by Daijokan (Grand Council of State) at the behest of the Emperor or the Retired Emperor in power (Chiten no kimi) aiming at the restoration of order of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- そして、「い」「ろ」などそれぞれの部のなかを天地・時節・草木など部門別(門)に分類して用語を配列する形式をとっている。
- Under thus created iroha divisions (Bu), such as 'i,' 'ro' and so on, there were semantic subdivisions (Mon), such as tenchi (the world), jisetsu (seasons), kusaki (vegetation) and so on.
- 形式そのものは差出人が文面に表記される私信と同じものであるが、将軍自身による花押・署判(署名・捺印)が加えられていた。
- Although a Gonaisho was written in the style of a private letter with the sender's name written in the text, a kao (written seal mark) or shohan (signature/seal) was added to the document by the shogun himself.
- 詞牌の数は、清の康熙帝勅撰の『詞譜』によると、826調、同一詞牌で形式の異なる「同調異体」を数えると2306体に登る。
- According to 'Ci-fu 詞譜' compiled by the Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the number of Ci-hai amounts to 826 tunes, and it comes to as many as 2,306 including those with 'the same tune but a different form.'
- 切りは敵役の師直、勇みたつ荒事の若狭介、二人を押しとどめる和事の判官と、『壽曾我對面』の幕切れと同じ形式になっている。
- The end of the scene takes the same form as that of 'Kotobuki Soga no taimen,' in which Moronao, who is the enemy, and Wakasanosuke, who is the excited aragoto (kabuki character featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume), are being held back by Hangan, who is the wagoto (the peacemaker character in kabuki).
- 弥生時代に新たに現れる土壙墓の形式の一つに、蓋を板石で覆う石蓋土壙墓があり、弥生時代後期に広く西日本全域で一般化する。
- A hole-shaped grave with a stone lid was a type of a hole-shaped grave that emerged during the Yayoi period and it became widespread throughout western Japan at the end of the Yayoi period.
- 次第に句会としての形式を強め、選者もベテラン作者が任意に行なうようになり、「柳多留」も句会発表誌の役割になりさがった。
- The contest gradually and increasingly became more like a kukai (gathering for composing poems), and the referee was chosen freely from among veteran poets and even the 'Yanagidaru' fell so low as to function as a mere publication of the results of kukai.
- 談話形式を取り、連関性を欠く古本系に対し、中世に改編・加筆されたと思われる類聚本の方では内容に沿って六部に分けている。
- The books of the old book type take on a conversational style and lack correlation between stories, while the books of the similar book type, which are thought to have included some additions and improvements during the Middle Ages, are divided into six sections which are based on themes.
- しかし、この「会盟」形式は、天皇と諸侯とを対等に扱うものであり王政復古 (日本)の理念に反するという批判にさらされた。
- However this 'kaimei' which treated equally the Emperor and lords was criticized that it was against the principle of Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 藩札には貨幣ではなく物品との兌換を明示した預り手形(現在の商品券に相当)形式のものもあり、この種のものでは米札が多い。
- Some han bills were used as a form of azukari-tegata (equivalent to a modern gift certificate) marked for exchange with a commodity, mostly rice, instead of coins.
- 回遊式庭園は、江戸時代に大名によって造営された大名庭園において発達した形式であり、日本庭園の集大成とも位置づけられる。
- Kaiyu style gardens progressed from gardens for daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) in the Edo period, and it is said that all elements of Japanese gardens before that era are integrated there.
- 劉基は明の科挙制度の制定に取り組み、出題科目として四書を採用し、また試験に使う文章に後に言う「八股文」の形式を定めた。
- Ryu Ki (Liu Ji) worked on establishing the Kakyo system of Ming, and adopted the Four Books of Confucianism as examination subjects, as well as specified 'Hakko-bun' (Eight-legged essay) described later as the format of writing used in examinations.
- 飯田十基の自然風のこうした庭は鉄やガラス、コンクリートの建物にも広大な敷地にも狭いそれにも不調和を見ない形式であった。
- A garden with natural taste of the Juki IDA harmonized with the buildings made of steel, glass, and concrete, wide premises, and narrow ones.
- この点に加え、天地の幅が狭いという画面形式の制約もあり、絵巻物の画面には斜め上方から見下ろしたような構図のものが多い。
- In addition to the above way of viewing, emakimono is generally limited to a narrow vertical length so that many pictures are composed as if they are looked down upon from.
- 一方で、戦後「薪能」(本来の薪能は日中から演能を始め、夕暮れまで演じる形式だった)と称して夜間の野外能が盛んになった。
- After the war, on the other hand, outdoor Noh plays at night called 'Takigi Noh' (firelight Noh, performed by the light of torches or bonfires) became popular (originally the performance of Takigi Noh was started in the daytime and finishes at dusk).
- ただし楽曲形式的にはほとんど地歌の手事物の踏襲であり、またこの時代でも、三味線と箏のための曲も引き続き作られてはいる。
- However, this music largely adhered to the traditions of tegotomono in jiuta, and the music for shamisen and koto continued to be composed in this period.
- しかし、それに伴って現れた私信である直状形式の御内書などが次第に広く用いられるようになり、御教書はやがて使われなくなる。
- However, as Gonaisho (an official document) adopted the style of Jikijo (a private document) and came to be more wildey used, Migyosho gradually fell into disuse.
- 良い答えを出した人に座布団が与えられるシステムやフリップや小道具等の使用なども「笑点」によって一般的になった形式である。
- Based on the program called Shoten, the idea of giving one more zabuton (traditional Japanese cushions used to sit on the floor) to a performer that gives a good comical response and the use of a flip chart and prop, etc., have become common.
- 本作の主人公である3人のアドルフが全員死に絶えた後、この一連の事件を書き記した本を記し、本作は彼の回想という形式を取る。
- He writes down in a book about the chain of incidents after the three Adolfs who are the protagonists of this story are all dead, and so this story unfolds as his recollection.
- 「三味線組歌」と「箏組歌」があり、それぞれ地歌、箏曲においてもっとも古い楽曲形式であるとともに、それぞれの本曲でもある。
- There are 'shamisen kumiura' and 'koto kumiuta,' each being the oldest music style and the honkyoku (traditional Japanese music) in jiuta and koto music.
- 長屋王邸出土木簡などから、奈良時代には既に貴族社会で接待料理が成立していたことが伺えるが、その具体的な形式は不詳である。
- A narrow wood strip excavated from Prince Nagaya's residence indicated that meals for visitors were already common among nobles in the Nara period, but details are unknown.
- 江戸時代中期以降、大阪の峰崎勾当、三ツ橋勾当らにより器楽部分である手事を重要視した地歌の楽曲形式「手事物」が完成される。
- The mid Edo period and onward saw the completion, by Koto MINEZAKI and Koto MITSUHASHI, of a jiuta musical style called 'tegotomono' in which importance was placed on the instrumental part between songs.
- つまり、大臣副署がなければその法律は無効であり、さらに天皇が裁可を拒むことは形式上可能であっても、事実上は不可能であった。
- In other words, unless countersigned by the Minister of State, the law was invalid and, further, while it was formally possible for the emperor to refuse to give sanction, it was practically impossible for him to do so.
- 外記政も一種の形式的な宮中行事と化して更に後花園天皇が直筆で書写した『建武年中行事』には「中絶」という注記が記されている。
- Gekisei was also changed into a formal court function and moreover, in 'Kemmu Nenchu Ghoji' (books about annual events of the Imperial court) that Emperor Gohanazono wrote by his own handwriting, a note of 'Interrupted' is written.
- 勿論、財産関係の目録も作成され、所領や財産の生前または死後に譲渡するために作成された譲状・処分状も目録の形式となっている。
- Mokuroku relating to assets were also made, and deeds of assignment (yuzurijo or shobunjo), which were made in order to transfer territory and assets before or after a death, were made in the form of mokuroku.
- いわゆる汚れ仕事として嫌われたために、実質的には世襲ではあったものの、形式的には代替わりの際には新規召抱えの体裁を踏んだ。
- Since their job was disliked as it was so-called a dirty job, they formally employed a new person when his predecessor left his office although it was substantially hereditary.
- 有職料理(ゆうそくりょうり)とは、平安時代の貴族の社交儀礼の中で発達した大饗料理が、公家風の料理形式として残った物である。
- Yusoku cuisine is a type of taikyo ryori (dishes served at a grand banquet) which was developed through the social etiquette of nobles during the Heian period, and survived into the modern day as a cuisine in the style of the court nobles.
- この掛帯も鎌倉時代のそれが小腰の形式のままであったのに対し、近世のものは幅が広く、着用者の身分により異なる刺繍をくわえた。
- While this kakeobi of the Kamakura period was the same form as that of kogoshi, modern kakeobi was wider and had different embroideries depending on the rank of the wearer.
- 広場の中央に櫓を立て、やぐらの上で音頭とりが音頭を歌い、参加者はその周囲を回りながら音頭にあわせて踊る形式が一般的である。
- The general style of the Bon festival dance is that a tower is set up at the center of an open space; a caller atop the tower sings a folk song for a dance, and participants dance to the song as they circle the tower.
- 織豊政権は戦国大名の統治機構を母体とする強力な中央集権体制であり、その裏づけに天皇・朝廷の権威を利用するという形式を執った。
- The Shokuho government was a strong centralized administrative framework whose parent structure was the governing system of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period, and to support the structure, the government took advantage of authorities of the Emperor and the Imperial Court.
- 皇太子どころか親王ですらなく、王に過ぎない彼の奉書形式の命令書は、本来は御教書と呼ばねばならないが、身分を冒してこう称した。
- But Mochihito, far from being the crown prince, wasn't even an acknowledged imperial prince, and as a mere princeling, his order, issued as a hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) must in fact be called a migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people); and for this reason, he exaggerated his social status with the name he gave himself.
- これは形式的には、強制ではなく、皇族たち自身が皇族の身分を離れることを請願し、皇室会議の議決により皇籍を離れるものとされた。
- Ritually this was not pompously accomplished, the Imperial family members themselves wished to leave their positions, and they were allowed to do so after the action taken at an Imperial meeting.
- また、そうした関係の一般の人々や寺社・荘園などが段銭や棟別銭などの形式で負担を命じられる一国平均役の要素を持ったものがある。
- There were other taxes and labor imposed on ordinary people, temples, shrines, and shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the same relationship with the bakufu in the form of tansen (a kind of provisional tax in medieval Japan) and munabetsu-sen, both of which had the aspect of Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen (manor) and kokugaryo (provincial land) in a province).
- そこから転じて、五番立ではない演能会であっても、祝言曲のキリ終曲部分をつけくわえて謡い、本来の付祝言に代える形式が発生した。
- Having changed from it, there appeared a style that kiri (the concluding segment) of a celebratory number was chanted additionally, taking the place of the original tsukeshugen, even at a noh-performed concert which was not in the gobandate style.
- このため、対等な盟友と関係は形式的なものとなり、実質的に家康は信長の臣下という立場になり家康もその立場を甘んじて受け入れた。
- This led the equal relationship of allies into formal one that Ieyasu become the virtual vassal of Nobunaga which Ieyasu accepted.
- 日本においては古来より切妻屋根は寄棟屋根より尊ばれ、その組み合わせである入母屋造はもっとも格式が高い形式として重んじられた。
- From ancient times in Japan, kirizuma-style roofs were valued higher than those of yosemune-style, and irimoya -zukuri style roofs, which combined both, were valued as the most esteemed.
- 「手事物」と呼ばれる、器楽性の高い楽曲形式(基本的に、前歌 - 手事 - 後唄の構成)が発達、演奏技巧も極限まで追求された。
- They developed a highly instrumental music style called 'tegoto mono' (composition of basically the first vocal section, an instrumental intermezzo, and the second vocal section), and sought for the instrumental technique to the ultimate level.
- 時代が安定してくると、帳台構えは本来の機能上の役割があいまいとなり、地位権力権威を象徴する、装飾形式として継承されていった。
- In periods of political stability, the original function of chodai-gamae became unclear and had been used as an ornamental form of room to symbolize status, power, and authority.
- 絵巻物が襖絵、掛軸、屏風などの形式と根本的に異なるもう1つの点は、作品全体を一度に視野に入れることができないという点である。
- Another fundamental difference of emakimono from fusumae, kakejiku, byobu, and other forms of traditional paintings is that emakimono is unable to be overviewed.
- 懸案事項であった打起しの形式は「弓道要則」を認めつつ従来の正面・斜面もそれぞれ認め、正面・斜面・弓道要則の3様式を採用した。
- Regarding the pending issue of the form of Uchiokoshi, they accepted the 'Kyudo-yosoku' while also accepting the traditional Shomen and Shamen, and adopted the three styles of Shomen, Shamen and Kyudo-yosoku.
- その一方で、三味線はその音楽がますます発展し、次々と新しい形式が生み出され、後期にかけて日本音楽の主導権を握る楽器となった。
- Meanwhile, shamisen music continued to develop and new styles were introduced one after another, so it took the lead among Japanese musical instruments until the later Edo period.
- 現在では古来のままの伝授形式を墨守している流派は少なくなり、現代武道的な段位制度や集団指導方法を取り入れている流派も存在する。
- Nowadays, very few schools adhere to the time-honored initiation form, and there exist some schools that have adopted the dan grading system or the group-class lesson method like gendai budo.
- このように形式化された和様と完成期の和様を区別するため、後者を特に上代様と呼び、和様の古典として後に復古を叫ぶ書家が現われる。
- To distinguish the formalized Japanese style like this and the Japanese style in the completing period, the latter is especially called Jodaiyo, and Shoka (calligrapher) crying out for the restoration as the classics of the Japanese style, later appeared.
- その中で公家達の間で公事に関する知識を日記などに記してあるいはそれをまとめた書物の形式にて子孫に継承しようとした(日記の家)。
- In this process, court nobles wanted to hand down the knowledge on kuji to their descendants by writing down in diary or binding as book (Nikki no ie).
- 更に横浜正金銀行に直輸出荷為替資金を供給してこれによって獲得した輸出代金を日本国外で正貨形式受け取らせて日本国内に導入させた。
- He also provided Yokohama Shokin Ginko (Yokohama Specie Bank) with the funds for direct export documentary bills, made the bank receive the export proceeds in the form of specie outside Japan which it earned from the funds, and introduced the proceeds into the country.
- 請假解(しょうかげ/せいかげ)とは、古代日本において律令制の官人が、所属する官司(本司)に提出した解 (公文書)形式の休暇届。
- Shokage/Seikage was a request form for leave in style of ''ge'' (official document), which the government officials under the ritsuryo system of ancient Japan submitted to the chief priests of Shinto shrines (Guji) they belonged to.
- 何度かの戦闘の結果、新羅は再び唐の冊封を受け、唐は現在の清川江以南の領土を新羅へ与えるという形式をとって両者の和睦が成立した。
- As a result of several battles, Silla became a vassal under the Tang Dynasty again, and the two parties reached a reconciliation by Tang giving the territory south of Seisenko River.
- 前例の無い題材での和歌の会合であったために歌合の形式で開催され、また良基と参加者との連絡役には四辻善成・松殿忠嗣らがあたった。
- As this waka event used unprecedented subject matter, it was organized in the form of utaawase and Yoshinari YOTSUTSUJI and Tadatsugu MATSUDONO served as liaison between Yoshimoto and participants.
- 土師器の土器形式として庄内式とか布留式(奈良県天理市布留遺跡から出土)とか命名され、庄内式土器の方が古い段階の土師器とされた。
- Haji has been classified by shape into Shonai type and Furu type (excavated from Furu Site in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture), with the Shonai type regarded the older type of Haji pottery.
- 1973年(昭和48年)開館時は、日本の各時代の風俗・服飾を鑑賞する博物館だったが、リニューアルを重ね現在の形式に落ち着いた。
- When opened in 1973 it was a museum displaying clothing and decorative ornaments relating to modes of life in various periods of Japanese history, and it has been renovated many times prior to its present form.
- 室町時代後期には、寺院の書院や武家住宅に押板や棚、書院を備えるものが造られるようになり、次第に書院造の形式が整えられていった。
- By the end of the Muromachi Period, temples with shoin, and samurai residences with oshi-ita, tana and shoin were being built, and the style of shoin-zukuri was gradually formed.
- 漫才の形態は常に、草分けとされるコンビが編み出した形式が、その追従者、後発者によってワンテンポ遅れてパターン化する傾向にある。
- The form of manzai has a tendency where the style is first established by a pioneering duo, and then patterned by other followers or latecomers.
- 庭訓往来(ていきんおうらい)とは、往来物(往復の手紙)の形式をとる、寺子屋で習字や読本として使用された初級の教科書の一つである。
- Written in an oraimono (exchange of letters) style, Teikin Orai was an elementary textbook used as a copybook and reader at Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period).
- ---多種多様な飴売りが存在し競争も激しかった為、今の出店や夜店の的屋の元になる、くじ形式や余興や口上などで趣向を凝らしていた。
- Various types of candy vendors competed so fiercely that some sold candies by using lotteries, some attracted customers with entertainments, and some sold candies by delivering sales pitch, from which derived mountebanks called tekiya in present street stalls and night stalls.
- その由来については本来の形式である奏事を簡略化して成立したとする説と公式令に拠らない略式の奏上が公式化したものとする見方がある。
- In one theory, the origin of this term 'Kanso' is said as a simplified form of official Soji, and in another theory, it is said to have originated in a formalization of casual Sojo (a report to the Emperor) not based on Kushiki Ryo (the law concerning official documentary forms of state affairs).
- 左方に小野小町から相模までの中古歌人を、右方に式子内親王から藻壁門院少将までの中世初頭の歌人を配し、一人三首ずつ対戦させる形式。
- In this contest, the poets of the Heian period (from ONO no Komachi through Sagami) were deployed on the left-hand side and the poets of the beginning of the medieval period (from Imperial Princess Shokushi through Sohekimon-in no Shosho) were deployed on the right-hand side, and then three poems were selected per poet to have them compete against each other.
- 兵村は形式においては一般の村と並ぶものではないが、集団で入って一つの規律に服したので、実際には村の中の独立した村として機能した。
- Heison in their form were different from villages in general, and functioned as an independent village in a village because people entered it as a group and followed one discipline.
- 公文書の形式で残っているもの(重宝録、享保撰要類集、町奉行支配惣町人人数高之改、天保撰要類集、市中取締類集)以外は信頼度が低い。
- Population figures, unless recorded in official documents such as Choho-roku, Kyoho senyoruishu, Machibugyo Shihaiso chonin ninsukonokai, Tenpo senyoruishu and Shichu Torishimari ruishu, are unreliable.
- 1万年以上続いた縄文時代に比して、弥生時代は期間的には数百年にすぎないが、出土品の形式編年から前期・中期・後期に分けられている。
- In contrast to the Jomon period, which lasted more than ten millennia, the Yayoi period lasted only several hundred years, and the Yayoi period is classified, according to the style of the excavated articles, into three stages, that is, the early stage, the middle stage, and the late stage.
- 参加者には事前に歌う題材について割り当てられ、歌合の2日前には歌が良基の元に歌が届けられ、当日に発表される形式が採られたという。
- It is said that a subject was allotted to each participant in advance and their waka poems were delivered to Yoshimoto two days before the day of utaawase and announced on the day.
- 更に、茎(なかご)の有無で分けると、全体を平基(無茎)式、凹基(無茎)式、凸基無茎式、凸基有茎式の4形式に分類することができる。
- Sekizoku can be also classified into the following four types depending on the presence or absence of nakago (a stem; a projection area); the flat base type (without nakago), the concave base type (without nakago), the convex base type without nakago, the convex base type (with nakago).
- 2月11日、木戸が大久保と板垣を招待する(井上・伊藤が同席)という形式で、北浜の料亭「加賀伊(かがい)」での三者会議が行われた。
- On February 11, Kido formally invited Okubo and Itagaki (Inoue and Ito who were also present) to 'Kagai,' a Japanese restaurant in Kitahama, to hold the three-way meeting.
- この装束を作る一連の有職故実の「復興」は「寛永のご再興」と言われたが、平安時代の貴族文化最盛期の形式には遙か及ばない物であった。
- A series of 'restoration' of the Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) to make this costume was called 'Kanei (a name of an era during the Edo period) revival,' however, it came far shorter than that at the peak of the culture of court nobles during the Heian period.
- 大阪を中心とする近畿地方の繁華街には立ち食いか、椅子があってもカウンター形式の店があり、ソースの入った器を隣同士の客が共用する。
- Downtown areas in the Kinki region, particularly in Osaka, kushikatsus are usually served at bars with no stools or, even if there are stools, at bars that have only counters, where the sauce in the containers are shared with other customers.
- すなわち師に対して帰依しその教義を受け継いでいくという姿が、家元に入門して秘技相伝を受けるという形式の原型となったと考えられる。
- More specifically, becoming an iemoto disciple and passing on secret techniques is thought to be based on the pattern of becoming a follower of a Buddhist priest and transmitting the teachings.
- しかし江戸時代後期には器楽部分を重要視する地歌の形式である「手事もの」が非常に発展したので、それに合わせて器楽的展開が見られた。
- However, the late Edo period saw great developments in 'Tegotomono,' a style of jiuta in which instrumental parts of music were regarded important, and this led to innovations of the instruments.
- 以上の記号は、地上実況気象通報式などの形式に変換され、国際的に気象情報を交換する気象通報式として各観測地点から世界中に送信される。
- The above symbols are converted to a format, such as surface synoptic observations, and are transmitted globally from observation points in the meteorological data format for exchanging such data internationally.
- 院政期の白河天皇にいたって仏式のお堂に納骨する方式が現れ、江戸時代の後水尾天皇以降は代々京都泉涌寺に石造塔形式の陵墓が建立された。
- During the period of the cloister government by Emperor Shirakawa, a new funeral style was adopted, in which the ashes of a deceased person were placed in a Buddhist chapel, and during the Edo period, tower-shaped stone graves were built at Senyu-ji Temple in Kyoto for the emperors after Emperor Gomizuno.
- なおアメリカ合衆国では、インディアナ州の名物として、豚ヒレ肉のフライがハンバーガーバンズに挟まれた形式のサンドウィッチが存在する。
- In the United States, Indiana boasts a deep fried pork tenderloin sandwich with buns as its specialty.
- なお、神社建築様式のうえでは、今日、流造とともに神社本殿の普遍的な形式となっている春日造が平安時代末期には成立していたとみられる。
- Regarding shrine architectural style, kasuga-zukuri style which is a universal form of the main building of a shrine was established before the end of the Heian period as well as nagare-zukuri style (a style of shrine architecture).
- 太政官布告、太政官達は、いずれも、明治時代初期に最高官庁として設置された太政官明治維新の太政官によって公布された法令の形式である。
- Both the Dajokan Fukoku and the Dajokan Tasshi were a form of law during the early Meiji period, promulgated by the supreme government office called Dajokan (Grand Council of State), which was newly established after the Meiji Restoration.
- 審査は、デモテープによる1次審査で20組に絞り、その20組による二次予選を公開ライヴ形式にて行い、本選に出場する10組を選出する。
- In the first round of judging, 20 participants are chosen based on the provided demo tapes, and in the second round, 10 participants are chosen for the final on the basis of a live public performance.
- ところが応仁の乱が勃発、これによって公家が離散し宮中の祭儀が行われなくなったことで、裳の形式や扱い方が伝承されなくなってしまった。
- In the meantime, when the Onin War broke out and the court nobles were dispersed and the court ceremonies died out, the form of mo and the way to handle it was not passed down.
- 大阪府羽曳野市島泉にある高鷲丸山古墳(古墳古墳の形式一覧・径76m・島泉丸山古墳とも)と平塚古墳(方墳・辺50m)に比定されている。
- It is identified with the Takawashi Maruyama Tumulus (a round barrow; 76m in diameter; also called the Shimaizumi Maruyama Tumulus) and the Hiratsuka Tumulus (square tumulus; 50m per side) in Shimaizumi, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 産地、材質、形式、彫刻の模様などにより様々な種類の硯があるが、中でも端溪硯(たんけいけん)、歙州硯(きゅうじゅうけん)が有名である。
- Among a variety of suzuri according to the localities, materials, forms and the decoration of the engravings, the famous suzuri are Tankeiken (Duanshi ink stone) and Kyujuken (Shezhou ink stone).
- しかし、9代の良尊からは再び寺門派の修験者が代々この職に補任されるようになるが、依然としてその支配権は形式上のものにとどまっていた。
- From Ryoson, the 9th-generation Sanzan Kengyo, the post was appointed to an ascetic Buddhist monk in successive generations; however, the authority of the post was stil just the formality.
- これらの丹後庄守目堂三好氏、西辻水野氏、松塚桑山氏、池尻赤井氏、坊城曲川藤堂氏、平等坊山口氏は、それぞれ米手形形式の銀札を発行した。
- Each of these Tangonosho Morimedo-Miyoshi clan, Nishitsuji-Mizuno clan, Matsuzuka-Kuwayama clan, Ikejiri-Akai clan, Bojo Magarikawa-Todo clan, and Byodobo-Yamaguchi clan issued its gin-satsu in the Kome-tegata format.
- 正しくは俳諧の連歌あるいは俳諧連歌と呼び、正統の連歌から分岐して、遊戯性を高めた集団文芸であり、発句や連句といった形式の総称である。
- Strictly speaking, it is called haikai no renga (humorous linked poem) or haikai renga, which diverged from the orthodox renga, being made more playful, so it's a form of group literature as well as a general term for the forms of hokku (the first line of a waka poem) and renku (a linked verse).
- この時制定された蒸気機関車の形式番号体系は、1928年(昭和3年)に新たな体系が制定された後も併存し、現在に至るまで踏襲されている。
- The form of steam locomotive set up at this time existed together even after the new form was set up in 1928 and the form has been used until now.
- 明治天皇は満15歳と若く、政治の実権は岩倉具視ら一部の公家と薩摩藩・長州藩が掌握していたが、形式上は天皇親政を宣言するものであった。
- Because the Emperor Meiji was then only fifteen years old, some court nobles including Tomomi IWAKURA and some retainers of Satsuma and Choshu domains took the political initiative, but, nevertheless, emperor's direct administration was formally declared.
- ただし、『続日本紀』巻十五の同日条を見ると、同じく天皇による命令形式である詔として出され、その中に次の逸文が入っていたことが分かる。
- However, according to an article with the same date in roll No.15 of 'Shoku Nihongi' ('Chronicle of Japan Continued'), it was issued in the same way as an imperial order, and it can be understood to have included the following lost description.
- 内部に舌(ぜつ)をもつ個体があることから、その原型は打ち鳴らす楽器であったと思われるが、次第に形式化し、祭器となったものと思われる。
- Some bronze bells have a reed inside, so the prototype seems to have been a kind of wind instrument, but the bell seems to have gradually lost its use as a musical instrument and to have become an implement for Shinto rituals.
- とはいえ降参というのはあくまで名目上のことに過ぎず、雑賀衆の形式的な降伏と引き換えに織田勢が撤退したというのが事実に近いと思われる。
- However, it seems that they surrendered only nominally and that in fact, the Oda army withdrew in exchange for the nominal surrender of Saiga shu.
- 内閣総理大臣は、前項の統計報告に関し必要があるときは、関係庁に対し随時又は定期に一定の形式に基いて、所要の報告を求めることができる。
- When it is necessary in connection with the statistical reporting set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister may require any government agency concerned to give required reports on request or at specified times and in specified forms.
- 近世の女子の細長は高貴な皇女の幼少時の礼装で、形式は上記のように袿に似ておくみのない仕立てで小袿のように中倍を入れるのが普通である。
- Women's hosonaga in modern times is a formal costume of high and noble Emperor's daughters when they were girls, and the form is similar to uchiki as the aforementioned tailored without a gusset, and it is common to insert nakabe (lining cloth attached between the outer material) like kochigi.
- (4) 紀伊山地は神社・寺院建築のたぐいまれな形式の創造の素地となり、それらは日本の紀伊山地以外の寺院・神社建築に重要な影響を与えた。
- (4) Kii Mountain Range served as a foundation to create shrine and temple architecture with a unique style, and they significantly influenced shrine and temple architecture out of Kii Mountain Range in Japan.
- 頭文字で分類しかつ意味で部門分けする形式は早く平安時代末期(院政期)成立の『色葉字類抄』と、その増補と見られる『伊呂波字類抄』がある。
- The method of collating words according to their first syllable with semantic subdivisions had been established as early as at the end of the Heian period (during the period of government by the retired Emperor) as represented by 'Irohajiru sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) and its supposedly enlarged edition, 'Irohajirui-sho' (a dictionary written by Tadakane TACHIBANA in Heian period).
- 地歌三味線の名手であり、先輩に当たる松浦検校が完成させた地歌の楽曲形式、様式である「京流手事物」を更に洗練させ、数多くの名曲を残した。
- He was a virtuoso of jiuta shamisen and furthermore, was sophisticated with 'Kyoto-style tegotomono' (a form of Japanese chamber music) which was the style of composition and form of jiuta completed by his senior associate kengyo MATSUURA, and composed many great songs.
- 伏屋式が主流で、壁立式は拠点集落の大形住居に限られ、首長居館として権威を示す形式として弥生・古墳の両時代に築造されたと考えられている。
- While the fuseya type was predominant, the kabedachi type was limited to large-scale structures in key settlements, believed to be built in both Yayoi and Kofun (tumulus) periods as an architectural style aimed at demonstrating authority as the residence of the chieftain.
- 尼崎藩での銀札の引き請けは、家屋敷・田畑を抵当に多額の資金を無利子で得るという形式をとっていたため希望者が多く、札元は数十人に上った。
- Amagasaki Domain allowed guarantors of ginsatsu to borrow a large amount of money without any interest by mortgaging their houses and fields, so many people applied and there were dozens of guarantors.
- 更に平安中期になると、貴族の中でも皇族、摂関家、それ以外の貴族の序列は動かしがたい物となり、その接待の形式として「大饗」が定められる。
- Furthermore, during the mid-Heian period, ranking among court nobles were fixed, such as ranks for Imperial families, Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor) families, and other court nobles, and 'daikyo' became a form of receiving guests.
- 天皇に対する呼びかけは一般的に Your Imperial Majesty で、「皇帝としての威厳」に対して呼びかけるという形式になる。
- Generally, Your Imperial Majesty is used when speaking to Tenno, and the form of speaking to 'the dignity as the Emperor' is taken.
- しかしながら、奈良時代を過ぎるとほとんどの氏族の姓(カバネ)が朝臣(あそん)になってしまい、八色の姓も甚だ形式的なものに変質してしまう。
- However, almost all clans were granted the kabane ason after Nara period, and therefore Yakusa no Kabane system also lost its meaning and existed in name only.
- この形式の屋根は西洋では少ないが、中国、韓国、日本、台湾のほか、ベトナム、タイ王国、インド、インドネシア等、東洋の寺院でも良く見られる。
- Though rarely seen in Western countries, roofs of this type are used in temples in Eastern countries, such as Viet Nam, Kingdom of Thailand, India and Indonesia, in addition to China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan.
- 現在は毎年1月中旬に京都三十三間堂で「大的全国大会」が開催されているが、距離60mの遠的競技の形式であり、通し矢とは似て非なる物である。
- At present, 'O-mato Zenkoku Taikai' (The National Competition of Arrow Shooting at Large Targets) is held at Sanjusangen-do Hall around the middle of January every year, but the competition is such that the participants take aim at targets located 60 meters away, which is similar in appearance to, but different in substance from, Toshiya.
- 徳子をいったん後白河法皇の猶子となして形式を整えたうえで、承安元年(1171年)、17歳の徳子は11歳の高倉天皇の元に入内して中宮となる。
- Once it was arranged for Tokuko to become Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's adopted child, in 1171 she then entered into the court to become Chugu (the second consort of an emperor) to Emperor Takakura, who was eleven years old, while Tokuko was seventeen years old.
- 不改常典は、前代まで一般的だった群臣の協議と推戴という形式を否定し、後継者指名を天皇大権の一部とし、皇位継承抗争を絶とうとしたものである。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is elaborated with the purpose of denying the conventional form of succession practiced until the former dynasty through consultations and recommendations by a group of vassals, and establishing the right to the appointment of the successor within the emperor's authority, and consequently it tried to cut out the struggles related to imperial succession.
- 「かん」の語源は諸説あり定かでないが、海苔巻き(もしくは笹巻き寿司や棒寿司などの巻いた形式の寿司)1つを「1巻」と数えたことからという説。
- The origin of a word 'kan' is uncertain because of many theories, but there is a theory that one roll of Norimaki (or sushi in the rolled style such as Sasamaki-zushi (sushi wrapped in a bamboo grass leaf), Bo-zushi (rod-shaped sushi topped with large slice of fish, and so on) was counted as 'one kan' (in this case, 'kan' means roll).
- やがて幕末には箏が地歌から再独立して行くが、この際にも手事物形式はそのまま箏曲に受け継がれ、明治以降にも手事を持つ箏曲が多数作られている。
- Eventually in the end of the Edo period, koto became independent from jiuta once again, but the form of tegotomono was directly inherited by sokyoku; thus many sokyoku, including tegoto, were created since the Meiji period.
- 曳き山の山車と舁き山の太鼓台との大きく異なる点は、曳き山が引くという形式であるのに対して、舁き山は神輿と同様に担いて運行されることである。
- The large difference between the hikiyama and the kakiyama is that while the former is pulled, the latter is carried as well as the mikoshi.
- 吉元から内願した形式をとった後、5月28日 (旧暦)に元次のお預けを免じ、先年の吉元の願い通りに、元次の隠退と百次郎の家督相続を許可した。
- On July 15, taking the form of request from Yoshimoto, Mototsugu was freed from the taken-care-of state, resigned from the lord post, as Yoshimoto requested in the previous year, and it was permitted for Momojiro to inherit the family head position.
- After the restoration took the shape that Yoshimoto asked for on May 28 (old calendar), Mototsugu was released from custody, and just as Yoshimoto asked for before, Mototsugu's withdraw and Hyakujiro's succession to the family headship was permitted.
- 俳諧連歌もまた江戸後期に至り月並流といわれる形式を重視したものに変化し、明治になり正岡子規の俳諧から俳句への革新によっていったんは廃れた。
- Haikairenga was also changed into the Tsukinami School, which took the form seriously, but during the Meiji period it became outdated in the reform of poetry by Shiki MASAOKA from haikai to haiku.
- 当初は有力な公民に対する賦課として行われる形式を採っていたが、11世紀中期の官物率法の成立を機に次第に土地に対する賦課へと変質していった。
- Originally it was a tax on prominent citizens, but with the establishment of Kanmotsu rippo (the law fixing the tax rate of kanmotsu, tribute) in the middle of the 11h century, it transformed into a tax against land.
- 1940年11月の西園寺の死後は内大臣が重臣会議を招集して、重臣達に対して後継総理大臣の選定などを諮問する形式へと変更されることになった。
- In November 1940, after the death of SAIONJI, the form of the conferences was transformed in such a way that a naidaijin convened a meeting and inquired senior statesmen about the selection of a succeeding Prime Minister.
- 手続的には複数の人物の合議体に付与される合議制と同じであるが、最終的な意思決定の権限は1人の人物に付与される独任制の形式を取る制度をいう。
- It adopts the same procedure as those of the collegial system in which an agenda is considered at a collegial body of more than one member, but it is an independent system in which the power of final decision-making is given to one person.
- 店側としては食材を用意するだけで良く省力化ともなるので、チェーン店などでこの方法をとる店も多く、関東一円でもこの形式の店は顕著に見られる。
- Many chain stores operate this way because it is economical to just prepare the foodstuff and around the Kanto region there are lots of shops of this type.
- 京都駅と名古屋駅を結ぶ名神ハイウェイバスや、首都圏などと京都を含む京阪神地区を結ぶ多くの高速路線バス、ツアー形式の貸切バスが運行されている。
- The Meishin Highway Bus between Kyoto Station and Nagoya Station, many highway buses between the Tokyo metropolitan area to the Keihanshin area (including Kyoto) and charter buses for tours are in operation.
- その形式主義的な機構は、行政の慣行と経験に基づいて形づくられた武家法の官制といちじるしく相違しており、律令法の基本的特徴の一つをなしている。
- Such a formalistic structure was markedly different from the rules on administrative organizations under samurai law, which were based on administrative practices and experiences, and is one of the basic features of ritsuryo law.
- しかし、天皇の地位がそれらの権力者によって廃されたことはなく、時の権力者も形式上はその権威を尊重し、それを背景に地位についていたことが多い。
- However, the position of the Emperor was never abolished by those authorities, and at least formally, the authorities at those times respected the authority of the Emperor, and most of the time, they held their position with that background.
- 一般的な形式は「一間四面堂堂」と称される、方三間から五間の方形の堂で、中央の方一間に阿弥陀如来を安置し、その周囲に庇をめぐらすタイプである。
- The common type is a squared hall whose side ranges from sangen (approx. 5.4 meters) to goken (nine meters) in length, being called 'Ikken shimen do' (一間四面堂), that centrally contains a square hall whose side is ikken (approx. 5.8 meters) in length in which to put Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata).
- 基本的に「年蘢り」形式を踏まず、単に寺社に「元日詣」を行うだけの初詣は明治以降広まった新しい風習であり、それも鉄道網の発展による賜物という。
- Fundamentally, hatsumode, in which no 'toshigomori' formalities are taken but only 'ganjitsumode' to shrines and temples is conducted, is a new custom which became widespread after the Meiji period; this is considered as being the product resulting from development of the railway network.
- 江戸時代初期の清水寺本堂が有名であるが、この特異な形式が生まれるにあたっては神仏習合、なかでも山岳仏教より生まれた修験道の影響が甚大である。
- Kiyomizu-dera Temple Main Hall during the early Edo period was a famous example in kake-zukuri, and syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, especially, Shugendo derived from Mountain Buddhism, significantly contributed to the development of this unique style.
- 京都国立博物館には有栖川宮家伝来の細長があるが、皇女の細長とほぼ同じ形式ながら丈がそれよりは短く、皇室と世襲親王家とでは区別があったらしい。
- There is a hosonaga descendent of the Arisugawanomiya family in the Kyoto National Museum, and the form of it is nearly the same as that of the aforementioned emperor's daughter's, however, the length is shorter and it seems there is a distinction of hosonaga between the hosonaga of the imperial family and that of hereditary prince's household.
- 船首形状は多様で、伊勢船の戸立(とだて)造り、弁才船の水押(みよし)造り、上部を箱造り下部を水押造りとする二形(ふたなり)船の折衷形式がある。
- The shape of bows varied widely depending on ships and Todate style of Ise ships, Miyoshi style of Bensai ships and the blending style of Futanari ships, whose upper side was box style and lower side was Miyoshi style, were seen.
- 往来物(おうらいもの)とは、平安時代後期より、明治時代初頭にかけて主に書簡などの手紙類の形式をとって作成された初等教育用の教科書の総称である。
- Oraimono is a collective term for primary education text books that were compiled from the late Heian period to the early Meiji period, mainly in the form of letters.
- また、「猩猩」や「岩船」のように半能形式で上演されることがあまりに頻繁であったために、ついに半能の形態が正規の上演法になってしまった曲もある。
- Also there are some pieces like 'Shojo' (Monkey like animal in legend) and 'Iwafune' (a boat-like rock), which are played in Han-Noh style too often that finally Han-Noh style became their formal performance style.
- 中世の惣領と庶子の所領争いや、同じ時代でもお家騒動のような実利面がなく、瑣末とも思える身分的上下・対等という形式をめぐって争われたものである。
- Unlike disputes that would result in actual benefits, such as those over shoryo (territory) between soryo (heir) and other children during the medieval period, or internal squabble over headship rights in a daimyo family in the Edo period, this head-and-branch family dispute was about trivial formality such as superiority or equality in social standing in the same clan.
- 通常は天皇や太政官の意向を受けた宣旨が外記局もしくは弁官局の史 (律令制)より明法博士に下され、それに対して勘文の形式で解答を出すことになる。
- Normally an imperial decree intended by the Emperor or Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was handed down via recorders of gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office of the Council of State) or Benkankyoku (Controllers' Office) to Myobo hakase, who replied in the form of kanmon.
- ところが、その内容は当時の幕府の法令に形式に則しておらず、特に第18条に至っては当時存在する筈の無い「東叡山」(寛永寺の山号)が含まれている。
- However, its contents were not in accordance with the legislation and ways of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) at the time, and especially in article 18, 'Toei-zan' (Mt. Toei-zan) (sango [literally, 'mountain name,' which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple] of Kanei-ji Temple) which could not have existed, was contained.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)ごろから、和歌は僧侶や武士を中心に詠まれるようになるが、地方武士にも普及する一方で、形式主義に流れた和歌は衰退していった。
- Since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), waka came to be composed mainly by monks and samurai, while the composition of waka spread to local samurai, and some of the waka that lapsed into formalism declined.
- 三角縁神獣鏡(さんかくぶちしんじゅうきょう・さんかくえんしんじゅうきょう)は、銅鏡の形式の一種で、縁部の断面形状が三角形状となった大型神獣鏡。
- Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror/Sankakuen Shinjukyo Mirror is a kind of bronze mirror and large mirror engraving divine beasts with a triangular-rim in its cross-section.
- それまでの「投入花」「立華」形式よりさらに生ける作家の芸術性や創作性が加味されて独特の曲、技巧を花や枝に加え形に当てはめていくという花型が特徴。
- Compared with the style of 'nageirebana' (flower arrangement in a bottle-type vase) or 'Tachibana' (standing flowers) that existed at the time, the characteristic of this school's flower arrangement was its shape that was created, based on the creator's art and creativity, by adding unique curve to flowers and branches
- 小腰は「源氏物語絵巻」などによると、現在の形式のように直接に縫い付けたものでなく、大腰の端に小さな輪をつけ、引腰をむすびつけていたことがわかる。
- According to 'Genji Monogatari emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji) and so on, kogoshi was not directly stitched to mo like it is today, and it is understood that a small loop was attached to the end of ogoshi and tied with hikigoshi.
- 絵巻物(えまきもの)は、日本の絵画形式の1つで、横長の紙(または絹)を水平方向につないで長大な画面を作り、情景や物語などを連続して表現したもの。
- Emakimono (an illustrated scroll) is a kind of Japanese style painting composed of series of illustrated scenes or stories on a horizontally long screen made up of multiple sheets of rectangular paper (or silk cloth) connected side by side.
- これらは行動の妨げにならず、必要時には迅速に使用できなければならないため、抜きやすさから、洋の東西を問わず左の腰部に吊り下げられる形式が多かった。
- Because the sword should not obstruct any action and must be ready to use when necessary, it was usually hung on the left waist both in the East and in the West.
- 「問題17条」と呼ばれる17条からなる質問形式においてまず攘夷の是非について問い、もし攘夷を行う場合についての対応策について公議人の意見を求めた。
- Following the questioning form consisted of 17 questions called 'article 17', they first questioned whether proceed the expulsion of foreigners or not and asked for the opinion of the lower house members about the measurement in case of the expulsion of foreigners implemented.
- 当初は「明法曹司」などと呼ばれる明法博士の教授団(組織)に対して下される形式が取られたが、9世紀以後には明法博士個人に対して出されるようになった。
- At first such an imperial decree was formally handed down to an instruction group of Myobo hakase called 'Myobo-zoshi' but after the ninth century it was handed down to Myobo hakase personally.
- 正史(特に後述する「断代史」の形式をとる正史)は、その名から「正しい歴史」の略と考えられることがあるが、実際には事実と異なることも記載されている。
- The term 'seishi' (particularly seishi that take the form of danseishi, or dynastic histories, which will be discussed further below) might at first glance be thought to be merely an abbreviation for 'true history' as the two characters used are 'sei' ('correct, true') and 'shi' ('history'), but in fact seishi may include sections where events did not actually occur as described.
- また、武家台頭による下級貴族の没落もあり、朝臣は、序列付けの為の姓(かばね)としての意味を失ってしまい、公式文書で使う形式的なものになっていった。
- Also, with the fall of lower-ranked nobles due to the rise of the warrior class to power, Asomi lost its meaning in the sense of kabane used to rank status, and it became a formality which was used for official documents.
- 4月15日_(旧暦)に出され、幕府初期以来礼服に用いられてきた長熨斗・長袴が廃止され、より実用的な服装による形式的な服装・儀礼の簡素化が行われた。
- On April 15 (old calendar), the 'Fukusei henkaku no rei' (Ordinance of dress code reform) was issued, which stipulated that naganoshi (stretched dried abalone used as a betrothal gift) and naga-hakama (long hakama trailing the ground) that had been used for ceremonial clothing since the beginning of the bakufu be discontinued, as a result, the official ceremonies became simpler with more practical ceremonial clothing.
- 畿内を中心に出土する銅鐸、北九州を中心に出土する銅矛、出雲地方特有の形式をもつ銅剣が同一遺跡から、しかも大量に出土したという点で学術的価値が高い。
- They are academically valued in that dotaku mainly excavated in Kinai region, dohoko mainly excavated in northern Kyushu, and doken with a style unique to Izumo district were discovered in one site and also in large numbers.
- 須恵器とほぼ同時期に生産されていたものであるが、土師器の技法は弥生式土器の延長線上にあり、どの形式から土師器かを土器自体から決定することは難しい。
- Although roughly identical in age as Sue pottery, Haji pottery is an evolved form of Yayoi type pottery and therefore is extremely difficult to determine from which type Haji pottery started.
- 日本における祭典競馬の伝統的な形式は、数百メートルの直線形の馬場を用い、2頭のウマのマッチレースを行ったり、騎射を行ったりするというものであった。
- Traditional form of saiten keiba was a tournament style race of two horses or 'Kisha' (shooting arrows on horseback) on a straight track of a few hundred meters.
- しかし家督は譲ったといっても、信長は1582年に本能寺の変で死去するまで、政治の実権を握り続けており、信忠の家督相続は形式的なものに過ぎなかった。
- Although he assigned the right of the reigns of the family, Nobunaga retained the actual power of politics until he died in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, and Nobutada's succession to the reigns of the family was just for form.
- 携行を容易にするため、両端を刃とする2本の棒手裏剣を中央でハサミのように留め、携行時は閉じて棒状、使用時は開いて十字にする、という形式も見られる。
- In order to make it easy to carry, there are pairs of bo shuriken with blades on both sides, secured in the middle like scissors, to close into the shape of a stick when carried and open into a cross when used.
- 三段四節の省略形式が一般的になっているが、上掛(観世・宝生)では四段五節、下掛(金春・金剛・喜多)では五段六節が正式(どちらも五段と称する)である。
- Although the abbreviated format using san-dan-yon-setsu (three sections and four measures) is widely used, yon-dan-go-setsu (four sections and five measures) is used formally for kamigakari (Kanze and Hosho schools) and go-dan-roku-setsu (five sections and six measures) for shimogakari (Konparu, Kongo and Kita schools) (either of which is called go-dan (five sections)).
- 吹替え(改鋳)によるものではなく、享保大判と同形式であり金品位も近く、吹増大判(ふきましおおばん)あるいは吹継大判(ふきつぎおおばん)とも呼ばれる。
- It was not issued because of currency reform, and it was similar in shape to and close in gold quality to Kyoho-Oban (large-sized coin of the Kyoho era), and was also called fukimashi Oban or fukitsugi Oban.
- これは、『万葉集』の時代から、平安時代中期までの歌人36名の秀歌を集めて歌合形式としたもので、これら36名を後に「三十六歌仙」と称するようになった。
- This collection is in the form of a poetry competition of excellent poems by 36 poets from 'Manyoshu' (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry) to the mid-Heian Period, who were later called 'Sanju-roku Kasen' (the thirty-six immortal poets).
- 切妻造・平入の屋根を葺きおろし、母屋もやの前方に庇を付けて前側の流れを長くした形式である流造によって建造されており、平等院の鎮守とされた神社である。
- This was constructed in kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof); the roof of hirairi (the entrance to a building constructed parallel to the ridge of the roof, usually on the long side of the building) was sheeted, and an eave was attached to the front of the moya (the central space under the main roof of the shinden hall) of the main housing to make the front side longer, and it was a shrine regarded as chinju (local Shinto deity) of Byodo-in Temple.
- 『善隣国宝記』によれば、「日本国王 臣源表(す)」から始まる中国の伝統的な表文の形式に則っており、これに対して永楽帝は「日本国王之印」を授けている。
- According to the 'Zenrin kokuhoki', the letter started with '日本国王 臣源表(す)' in accordance with the traditional form of a Chinese official letter and Emperor Yongle conferred the 'seal of the king of Japan' to him in return.
- 日本は、台湾を領土とした後、地域により異なる形式・内容の法令が施行される事態になったため、これらの法令の適用関係を定めるための法規範が必要になった。
- After Japan colonized Taiwan, different types or contents of laws came into effect in various regions, and legal norms were needed to clarify the application of these laws.
- 太政官布告(だじょうかんふこく)・太政官達(だじょうかんたっし)とは、ともに太政官明治維新の太政官によって公布された明治時代初期の法令の形式である。
- Both the Dajokan Fukoku and the Dajokan Tasshi were a form of law promulgated by the Dajokan (Grand Council of State) during the early Meiji period.
- だが、後世に入ると武士や商人・農民など身分それぞれの必要に合わせた知識や慣習を盛り込んだものや習字用の「字尽し」など書簡形式をとらないものが著された。
- In later years, some oraimono were composed of knowledge and customs necessary for each social status, such as samurai, merchants and farmers, while 'Jizukushi,' which were not in the form of correspondence, were compiled for calligraphy practice.
- また、足利家には大草流があり、この頃より食作法がやかましく言われるようになり、1人分の料理を膳の上に組むいわゆる「本膳の形式」による料理が形成された。
- With the Ashikaga family based on the Ogusa school, it was required to observe eating manners more strictly during this period, and the so-called 'honzen style' (the style for formal dinners), in which dishes for a person were arranged on a tray placed in front of the person, was formed.
- まだ手事ものの形式を保持している『千鳥の曲』に対して、それよりも後に作られた古今組各曲はより簡潔化し、手事もなく、ますます組歌に近いものとなっている。
- Contrary to 'Chidori no Kyoku' still retaining the form of tegotomono, other pieces of Kokin-gumi composed later are more simplified and includes no tegoto to be more like kumiuta.
- 誰に問われるでもなく自分の人生を語るという自伝形式で、後深草天皇に仕えた女房二条の14歳(1271年)から49歳(1306年)ごろまでの境遇を書いた。
- Although no one requested it ('Towazugatari' literally means 'a tale nobody asked for'), Lady Nijo wrote her autobiographical tale as she served as Emperor Gofukakusa's lady-in-waiting from the age of 14 (1271) to around 49 (1306).
- 平均の直径が24.44ミリメートルの円形で、中央には一辺が約6mmの正方形(厳密には、0.5mmほど横長の長方形)の穴が開いた、円形方孔の形式である。
- It was a round coin with a rectangle hole; the round shape of the coin had a diameter of 24.44 mm on an average, and had a square hole 6 mm on a side (to be exact, rectangle 0.5 mm longer on a long side) in the center.
- 室町時代になると経済的・文化的にも武士の優位は動かしがたい物となり、武士も公家の文化を取り入れ、武士独自の饗応料理として「本膳料理」の形式を確立する。
- In the Muromachi period, warriors achieved a dominant position both economically and culturally, and warriors accepted the court nobles' culture, establishing a style of 'honzen ryori' as meals for entertainment, which was unique to the warriors.
- 1巻の中に「絵」と「詞」とが交互に現れる形式がもっとも多く、通常は「詞」が先に来て、その直後に、その「詞」に対応する「絵」が来る(まれに例外もある)。
- The most popular pattern of emakimono is an alternate appearance of 'e' (picture) and 'kotoba' (text or description), where the preceding 'kotoba' is immediately followed by a corresponding 'e' in ordinary cases (but with rare exceptional cases).
- 新嘗祭自体は伊勢神宮及びそれに連なる神社の祭儀となり、伊勢神宮には天皇の勅使が遣わされて、大御饌(おおみけ:神が召し上がる食事)を供える形式となった。
- Since then, Niinamesai has become a ritual of Ise-jingu Shrine and its related shrines, and on that day the Emperor's messenger is dispatched to Ise-jingu Shrine and offers Omike (food for deities).
- 付録だけでなく収録語数も増加していったが、多様な分類方法・付録の有無などが異なる多くの派生を生み出した『早引節用集』が広まり、他の形式を駆逐していった。
- Not only the appendixes but also the entries continued to increase, but in particular, 'Hayabiki setsuyoshu,' which spawned many derivatives with different varieties of classification methods or attachment of appendixes, became most popular and began to drive out others.
- 以前は『AKIRA』国際版の様にアメコミ形式に再構成や彩色が行われる事が多かったが、近年はむしろ日本漫画の特徴を押し出して原書に近い形で出版されている。
- Previously, Japanese comics such as international version of 'AKIRA' were often reconstructed and colored based on the form of American comics, but recently, the characteristics of Japanese comics are accentuated and published in the form which is closed to original.
- 詞調に合わせて詞が作られるが、詞調ごとに形式が決められており、例えば「憶江南」では、句の字数が3・5・7・7・5、押韻が2・4・5句目と決められている。
- Ci is composed according to each tune that had the different form; for example, in 'Okukonan (Recalling the south of the Chang Jiang River) ' the number of characters in each line is determined as 3,5,7,7, and 5 characters, and the 2nd, 4th, and 5th lines should be rhymed.
- 恒例の行事については、庸や調を継承したとされる年料・率分によって賄われ、臨時の行事については行事所や蔵人所が召物・所課などの形式で諸国に負担を配分した。
- The events in the established custome were alloted from nenryo (annual tribute) and ritsubun (ritsubun 〔the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo were supplied to the tax storage called 'ritsubun-do'〕) that is said to have replaced yo and cho, and the extra events were borne by each province in form of meshimono or shoka (imposition) allocated by gyojisyo or kurodo dokoro (the Office of Imperial Household Logistics).
- その反面、国鉄の保有する車輌は蒸気機関車だけでも174形式1118両、客車3067両、貨車20884両におよび、運用・整備・修理に大きな困難が発生した。
- On the other hand, it amassed a huge fleet of trains with 1,118 Model 174 locomotives, 3,067 passenger trains, 20,884 cargo trains and consequently faced an enormous difficulty for operation, maintenance, and repair.
- 大友皇子が朝廷を主宰していたこと、壬申の乱が皇位継承をめぐって争われたことが重要なのであって、形式的な即位の有無は小さな問題にすぎないという態度である。
- Historians considered that it was important that Prince Otomo ruled the imperial court and the Jinshin War occurred regarding to the succession to the Imperial Throne, and whether formal enthronement was performed was a trivial problem.
- 近世邦楽としての箏曲は本来「組歌」という歌のみの楽曲形式による曲を最も正式なジャンルとし、またその後も地歌とともに発展したため、歌のついている曲が多い。
- A lot of sokyoku music pieces have lyrics since the most formal style of sokyoku as early-modern traditional Japanese music is 'kumiuta,' which is composition style of songs with vocals only, and sokyoku have been developed along with jiuta.
- 律令法は形式、内容ともに主として唐の律令を模範とした法制であって、この時代の東洋で一種の世界法の役割を果たした唐の律令の日本における分枝とみるべきである。
- Ritsuryo law was a legal system modeled mainly upon the Tang ritsuryo in both style and content, and should be seen as a Japan branch of the Tang ritsuryo, which served as world law in the East, at that time.
- 道長は翻意するよう(形式的に)説得するが敦明親王の意思は固く、結果として後一条天皇の皇太弟である敦良親王(のちの後朱雀天皇)が新たに東宮として立てられる。
- Although Michinaga persuaded Imperial Prince Atsuakira to change his mind (in form), his intention was resolute, and as a result, Imperial Prince Atsunaga (later Emperor Gosuzaku), younger brother of Emperor Goichijo, was named as the new Crown Prince.
- 燧石式銃については(スナップハンス)(ミュクレット)(フリントロック)などの名称が知られ形式上の分別とされているが、その発祥は火縄銃同様明確な記録はない。
- As for the flintlocks, names such as 'snaphance,' 'muklet,' 'flintlock' and so on are known and they are said to be classified in terms describing their form, but there is no record of an origin for hinawaju.
- ことに、大阪の峰崎勾当や三つ橋勾当が完成させた地歌の楽曲形式、様式である「手事物」を京都風に洗練させ、「京流手事物」のスタイルを確立、多くの名曲を残した。
- In particular, he refined tegotomono (a form of Japanese chamber music), which was a style or form of composition of jiuta completed by koto MINEZAKI or koto MITSUHASHI in Osaka, to a Kyoto-style one and established 'Kyoto-style tegotomono' and composed many good songs.
- こうして夜半まで続いた小御所会議は決着し、松平春嶽・徳川慶勝が慶喜へ辞官納地の決定を伝え、慶喜が自発的にこれを申し入れるという形式をとることが決定された。
- This is how Kogosho Conference finally came to conclusion in the middle of the night, which decided that Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA would deliver Yoshinobu the decision to impose Jikan nochi on him and that Yoshinobu was expected to voluntarily propose to do so for form's sake.
- このような記述形式であるから、同じ事柄が重複する事もよくあるが、個人や一つの国に関しての情報がまとめて紹介されるためにその人物や国に関しては理解しやすい。
- Being such a descriptive format, Kiden-tai often causes the same articles to be repeated, but shows information on an individual figure and on a nation comprehensively, and enables them to be understood well.
- なお、このうち落書きの禁止は「鴨川等」の区域全域に及ぶが、それ以外は、「鴨川等」の区域のうち京都府告示の形式で示された限定されたエリア内でのみ禁止される。
- Graffiti is prohibited in whole area of 'Kamo-gawa River and other rivers', the other violation acts are prohibited within the designated area which was notified in the notices by Kyoto Prefecture.
- 明治維新後に対馬府中藩を介して朝鮮に対して新政府発足の通告と国交を望む交渉を行うが、日本の外交文書が江戸時代の形式と異なることを理由に朝鮮側に拒否された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government noticed Korea to establish a new government and negotiated to have diplomatic relations, but Korea rejected them because the format of diplomatic papers was different from the one of Edo period.
- また、振り手形(現在の小切手に相当)の形式で、発行藩及び取引先両替商の信用の元で不特定多数に流通できるよう藩札用の小型で厚手の和紙で作製したものもあった。
- Moreover, some han bills were used as a form of furi-tegata (equivalent to a modern cheque), which were made from small thick Japanese paper to be circulated among the general public under the credibility of issuers (domains) or money-exchangers.
- 報告書上の旅程は下命後直ちに出発し帰着後直ちに復命したという形式をとったが実際には事前の準備と事後の報告書作成のために前後数日間の在宅期間が存在していた。
- The trip schedule recorded on their reports said that they had left Edo immediately after receiving a mission and reported their investigations as soon as they came back from the ongokugoyo, however they actually stayed at their house for few days before and after their trip to prepare for the trip and write investigation reports.
- 平田家は平安時代末期より代々蔵人所出納を務め、後には世襲してきたが、政務や公事、儀式に必要な知識などを歴代当主が日記の形式で書き残して子孫へと伝えていった。
- From the end of the Heian period, the Hirata family served as secretary 'suino' at the Bureau of Archives for generations; the successive heads of the family recorded things including knowledge necessary for political affairs, public affairs, and ceremonies in a diary to hand down to their descendants.
- 江戸時代には煎り酒や酢で味付けする物や原料にアワビやナマコ、クラゲなどの海産物を用いた物も存在したが、明治以後には野菜を醤油で味付けする形式が主流となった。
- In the Edo period, there were some hitashimono recipes that used boiled-down sake or vinegar as a seasoning or those used marine products as ingredients including awabi (abalone), sea cucumber, or jellyfish, but after the Meiji period, vegetable ohitashi seasoned with soy source has become the main stream recipe for ohitashi.
- 食卓にコンロ(または電磁調理器)と天ぷら鍋を置き、次々と衣を着けた天ぷらを揚げ、何人かで取り囲んで鍋料理のように食べる、オイルフォンデュのような形式もある。
- There is cooking similar to oil fondue style in which a group of people set a deep fryer on a portable stove (or an electromagnetic cooker) on a dining table and deep-fry battered ingredients in heated cooking oil, just like a Nabe-ryori (hot pot.)
- 1m x 2m程度の鉄板台のスペースを、焼き手である経営者の側に向かい、4~5人の客が椅子で囲むという形式で、最低2坪もあれば簡便な営業が行えたからである。
- There was an iron plate table about the size of one meter by two meters and four to five customers sat around the table facing the owner who cooked okonomiyaki and at least two tsubo (unit of land measurement; 3.95 square yards; 3.31 square meters) was big enough to be able to run a simple home business from.
- いずれも鏡という名前を冠しており、また非常な高齢の老人が「昔はこんな事があったなぁ」という話を2人でしていたり作者に対して語ったりするという形式を取っている。
- Each book includes the word 'kagami' (mirror) in their titles, and they are written in the form of a conversation between two elders or between an elder and the author reminiscing about days of the old.
- これは一気に膨れあがった雑多な形式を抱え、それらの今後の処遇や、輸送計画を練るのに手一杯で、機関車の新製にまで手が回らなかった結果ではないかと想像されている。
- It is imagined that this is because the bureau was so tied up with dealing with the existing locomotives in various forms that swelled in a short period that it was not able to create new locomotive.
- そして、この場合もやはり、撰者は孔子に擬せられ、各経書に対する注釈という形式をとって、易姓革命や自然災害などを孔子が予言していたものとして、当時、受容された。
- In the 'Isho,' which was written in the form of notes to each Chinese classics of Confucianism, the author/compiler was asserted to be Confucius, and the Isho was accepted in those days as the medium through which Confucius supposedly predicted the Ekisei revolution (an ancient Chinese political concept), various natural disasters and more.
- 臨時裁判所は形式上は大審院の中に存在するが、実際は、太政官の決裁により開設し、太政官から司法省に委任された権限に基づいて判決を下す事実上の行政裁判所であった。
- The temporally court existed inside the Daishin-in as a matter of form, however, it was actually an administrative court established by the approval of Daijokan (the Great Council of State) and decide a case based on the authority delegated from the Daijokan to the Ministry of Justice
- すでに弥生時代から西日本を中心に墳丘墓が営まれていたが、3世紀後半頃から大和盆地を中心に前方後円墳と称される日本独特の形式の大規模な墳墓が営まれるようになった。
- Burial mounds had already been constructed in the Yayoi period mainly in Western Japan, and from around the later third century, what is called zenpo-koen-fun -- a large-scale tomb peculiar to Japan -- began to be constructed mainly in the Yamato Basin.
- 軍記物(ぐんきもの)とは、中世末期(戦国時代 (日本)~安土桃山時代)から近世初期にかけて、戦国武将や近世大名の武勲や武功について物語形式で記述した書物である。
- The gunki-mono refers to the writings that describe in narrative form heroic exploits and achievements of military commanders or feudal lords from late mediaeval times (from the Sengoku period (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period) to early pre-modern times.
- 各住宅の敷地境界に設える塀としての垣根を取り払う、若しくは生垣の植栽を低いものにする、等々の物理的な開放性を高くし、隣接する互いの敷地を視覚的に一体化した形式。
- In this style, physical openness is increased by removing fences marking the boundary of each property or using low trees for fences, so that there are no distinct visible boundaries between neighboring properties.
- 宗教意識が薄れている現代にあって、葬式は、特に宗教上の信念があってキリスト教式、神道式で行われる場合を除けば、仏教の形式を用いる仏式葬儀が行なわれることが多い。
- In the modern age when the sense of religion fades, the Buddhist ritual funeral service in the form of Buddhism is often held for as a funeral ceremony, except for the special case of holding a Christian or Shinto ritual funeral service in accordance with religious beliefs.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の平田職盛・平田職定の日記が残闕は存在しているものの、現存するまとまった形式の日記としては平田職忠が書いた天正11年(1588年)の日記となる。
- Fragments of the diaries of Motomori and Motosada HIRATA during the Sengoku Period exist, but only the diary of Mototada HIRATA of 1588 remains in complete form.
- 御成敗式目の条文も実は新制や明法勘文などに積み重ねによって社会の実情に対応して変化していった鎌倉時代前期当時の公家法の法形式に則していることが明らかになっている。
- It became evident that provisions for the Goseibai-shikimoku was in accordance with the law formula for the court noble law of the early Kamakura period, which had changed corresponding to the social reality, actually by adding to a new system and Myobo kanmon (written reports to the Imperial Court by scholars of the law).
- 式目の「式」は格式の式という意味もあるが、朝廷で編纂された最後の包括的な式にあたる延喜式を補完するために制定された公家法の形式の1つである式条に由来するとされる。
- The term 'shiki' of the Shikimoku has means shiki of the Kyakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations of the ritsuryo law), while it is allegedly derived from shikijo (code), a form of court noble law which was established to complement Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) that was the last and comprehensive shiki compiled in the Imperial court.
- なお、『古今和歌集』以降では意味よりも形式をととのえること、語の転換の面白さに主眼が置かれるようになり、基本的には新しい枕詞の創作も暫時、減少していく傾向にある。
- Moreover, after 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), because the chief aim shifted to the arrangement of the format rather than the meaning and the interesting transition of words, the creation of new makurakotoba basically tended to decrease for a while.
- この形式は11世紀に完成されたもので、口宣が行われた初期(10世紀前半)には、宣旨との書式の区別が確立しておらず、年月日が最後の行の位署の上に記載されたものもある。
- The form was established in the eleventh century -- When the kuzen began to be practiced (in the first half of tenth century), the form of kuzen had not been distinguished from the form of senji yet, and the date was put above the isho in the last line in some cases for kuzen.
- 村上天皇は、946年(天慶9年)に即位した後しばらくは藤原忠平を関白に置いていたが、949年(天暦3年)に忠平が没すると、以後、摂関は置かず天皇親政の形式をとった。
- Although he had placed FUJIWARA no Tadahira as Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) for a while since his accession in 946, he did not appoint any Sekkan (regents and advisers) but took power by himself after Tadahira's death in 949.
- この動きの中で、主に「より美味しいお茶を味わうため」の技術を追求する目的に加え茶道の流儀などを参考とし、一定の形式や礼法を定めた「宗匠派」と呼ばれる一派も生まれる。
- In this movement, the 'Sosho school' was founded and they added a certain level of form and manners by modeling the established sado to the purpose of sencha-do pursuing how to better enjoy the taste of tea.
- 現代では本来的意味がわからなくなり、風習だけが形式として残ったことから、人日の風習と小正月の風習が混ざり、1月7日に”七草粥”が食べられるようになったと考えられる。
- Today, the custom's original meaning is lost, so only the form of the custom remains; but it's considered that the custom of Jinjitsu no Sekku and the custom of the Lunar New Year have been intermixed, so that the custom of eating 'Nanakusa-gayu' on January 7 (rice porridge with seven spring herbs) has emerged.
- もっとも、形式上は後から正式な官符・官牒が出されることを前提としていたため、実際には正式な公文書が作成されない場合でも「官符追下」という書止が付されることが多かった。
- Although, kansenji was often closed by a text-closing term '官符追下' even if an official document was not issued later, since kansenji was based on the premise that an official kanpu or kancho were later issued.
- 中国では律令編纂と同時にその不足を補う意味で編纂・施行が行われたのに対して、日本では律令編纂後に詔勅・太政官符の形式で追加された法令を後日纏めて編纂する形が取られた。
- In contrast to China, where revision and enforcement were made to cover for the insufficiency of the Ritsuryo codes that were compiled simultaneously, Japan took the style of revising on a later day, all the laws and ordinances that were added in the forms of imperial edicts and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) after the compilation of the Ritsuryo codes.
- 一つは諸国の私領銀山より産出される灰吹銀および世上流通の灰吹銀を買い上げ、丁銀に吹き立て利益の一部を運上する、買灰吹銀(かいはいふきぎん)(寄銀)による自家営業形式。
- One was Kaihaifukigin, private operation based on purchase of cupellated silver from silver mines located in private properties and of silver available in the marketplace to forge Chogin silver for income from part of the revenues.
- しかし、実際の取扱いとしては、その後もそのような区別が厳密にされていたとは言い難く、一般国民を拘束する内容を持つものであっても太政官達の形式により定めたものもあった。
- Yet the rule was apparently not strictly applied, as in practice the Dajokan Tasshi form was still used to promulgate binding regulations intended for the public.
- 行政機関の長は、訂正請求書に形式上の不備があると認めるときは、訂正請求をした者(以下「訂正請求者」という。)に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その補正を求めることができる。
- When the head of an Administrative Organ finds that there is a deficiency in the form of the Written Correction Request, he or she may, by setting a reasonable period of time, ask the person having made the Correction Request (hereinafter referred to as the 'Correction Requester') to amend the request.
- ただし、一般的には茶道は抹茶を用いる抹茶道を指すことから、急須等を用いて煎茶や玉露などの茶葉に湯を注いで飲む形式を採る煎茶道は、茶道とは別のものとして捉えられている。
- However, while sado generally means art of maccha (green powdered tea) tea ceremony which uses maccha, sencha-do tea service which uses tea leaves such as green tea leaves (of middle grade) and gyokuro leaves (refined green tea) and takes the way to serve tea by pouring hot water into kyusu (small teapot) where tea leaves are placed, is regarded as something different.
- 史記延久点(しきえんきゅうてん)とは、中国前漢の司馬遷が著した歴史書『史記』に対して、日本平安時代の延久5年(1073年)に大江家国が書写・加点した巻子本形式の訓点本。
- Shikienkyuten is kuntenbon (a book with guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese) of 'Shiki' (Records of the Grand Historian), a Chinese history book written by Sima Qian in the era of Former Han in China, and it was in the form of Kansubon (book in scroll style) transcribed by OE no Iekuni by adding kunten (marks and symbols beside lines of Chinese text to indicate how the text is to be read in Japanese) in 1073 during the Heian period of Japan.
- 当初は瀬戸焼を中心にして唐物を模倣して作られていたが(特に「古瀬戸」(ふるせと)と呼ぶ)、江戸時代になると小堀遠州などの指導で日本独自の形式が生み出されるようになった。
- At first most pieces of Kuniyaki chaire were Seto-yaki (Seto ware), made in imitation of karamono (such pieces are specially called 'huru-seto' (old Seto ware)) but during the Edo period Japan's original type of chaire was created under the coaching of Enshu KOBORI.
- 慶長期の貨幣すなわち(小判および丁銀)は「手前吹き」と称して、金細工師が自己責任で地金を入手し、貨幣の形に加工した上で、金座に納め、極印が打たれ発行される形式であった。
- The currency (koban and chogin[collective term of silver]) in the Keicho Period was issued by such process as follows, goldsmiths got bare metal by themselves calling it 'Temaebuki', casting it into the shape of currency, submitting it to kin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of gold during the Edo period), then, hallmark was imprinted on it to issue it.
- 検注帳は荘園によって形式の違いがあるものの、大まかには耕地の一筆もしくは1坪単位の所在地、面積、所定の租税量、名請人などを書き上げ最後に項目ごとにまとめた集計を載せる。
- Although there are differences in methods between different manors, in general, kenchucho records, in regard to a unit of 3.3 sq.m. of cultivated field, the address, dimensions, given amount of tax from the land, and the name of naukenin (cultivator assigned to the piece of land), as well as the tally for each item inserted at the end.
- 縄文前期から中期にかけては最も典型的な縄文文化が栄えた時期であり、現在は三内丸山遺跡と呼ばれる場所に起居した縄文人たちが保持していたのも、主にこの時期の文化形式である。
- From the early to middle Jomon period was the time when the most typical Jomon culture flourished; the characteristics of this Jomon culture can be observed in the belongings of the Jomon people who lived at the remains called Sannai-Maruyama today.
- 例えば、磐城平藩7万石の内藤氏は1.の形式の新田分知により1万石を分与し湯長谷藩を創設したが、延岡藩転封時に与えられた7万石の領地には湯長谷藩の分が含まれていなかった。
- For example, the Naito clan of Iwakitaira Domain whose crop yields were 70,000 koku received 10,000 koku and established Yunagaya Domain as shindenbunchi in the form of 1, but the territory of 70,000 koku given with the relocation of Nobeoka Domain did not include the territory for Yunagaya Domain.
- またこのような家督を通じての世襲化はじつに天皇家内部においても見られ、白河上皇以後形式的には室町期にまで断続的に続く院政は天皇家における家政の世襲化とみることができる。
- Such heredity system through reigns of the family was also seen within the Imperial Family, and Insei (rule by the retired Emperor), which intermittently continued from the retired Emperor Shirakawa until the Muromachi period for form's sake, can be seen as heredity of household management within the Imperial Family.
- ただし、後世には太政官の一上(あるいは摂関)が事前に内容を確認して改めて密封を行って天文博士に返却してから改めて陰陽頭に提出する形式となる(『西宮記』・『新儀式』など)。
- In later ages, a procedure was established such that ichinokami (the ranking Council Member) of Daijokan (Grand Council of State or Sekkan - regents and advisers) confirmed the contents in advance, sealed the documents again, and returned them to tenmon hakase, and then the documents were submitted to Onmyo no kami (according to 'Saikyuki' - record of court practices and usage, written by MINAMOTO no Takaaki in Chinese style), 'Shingishiki' (New Procedures in Administration.)
- 全六巻の内容は、天・地・東・南・西・北の順で見たとき、冒頭の天巻では中国語(古代漢語)に見られる声調変化、四声の原理を説き、地巻では詩の形式や描くべき題材について述べる。
- Concerning the contents of the total of six volumes, when the order was Heaven, Earth, East, South, West, and North, the first volume of Heaven described the shift of the tone seen in the Chinese (the ancient kango [words of Chinese origin]) as well as the principle of the four tones, while in the volume of Earth described the format of the poetry and materials to be depicted.
- 従って本来は西洋かぶれ・外面や形式のみを追い求める軽佻浮薄な様子などの負の意味が強かったが、転じて、進歩的・近代的・華麗・優美・お洒落など、肯定的な意味合いも強くなった。
- Therefore, the word originally had a strong negative meaning referring to westoxication/ flirtatious manners of following only outer aspects and patterns, but came to include an affirmative meaning of progressive/modernized/gorgeous/decent/fashionable and so on.
- 慶長期の貨幣(小判および丁銀)は「手前吹き」と称して、金銀細工師が自己責任で地金を入手し、貨幣の形に加工した上で、金座および銀座に納め、極印が打たれ発行される形式である。
- The coin in Keicho era (koban and chogin) was called 'temaefuki'where maker of gold and silver handiworks obtained the metal by himself, delivered to kinza and ginza after processing it in the form of coin, and issued after the hallmarks were inscribed.
- それが発達した物が「延喜式」神祇項目に出てくる「神饌」と思われ、春日大社の神饌や、談山神社の「百味御食」(ひゃくみのおんじき)などにその形式を残していると考えられている。
- The style of daikyo ryori which was developed seems to be 'shinsen' (food and wine offered to the gods) which appears in a section pertaining to the gods of heaven and earth in the 'Engi Shiki' (The Rule of the Engi Era), and we can still see traces of daikyo ryori in shinsen served at the Kasuga Taisha Shrine and 'hyakumi no onjiki' (food altarage) offered at Tanzan-jinja Shrine.
- 江戸時代中期には、切腹自体も形式的なものとなり、四方に短刀でなく扇子を置き、その扇子に手をかけようとした瞬間に介錯人が首を落とすという方法が一般的になる(扇腹、扇子腹)。
- During the mid-Edo period, seppuku itself became a formality in which it was not a short sword but rather a fan that was placed on the shiho, and it became standard practice that the kaishakunin would behead the seppukunin the instant the seppukunin reached for the fan (ogi-bara, sensu-bara).
- また、江戸幕府が幕末に編纂した史書として「後鑑」があり、1333年から1597年に至るまでの史実を編年体で記し、各項目に出典となった各種資料を直截採録する形式となっている。
- There is also a historical work, the 'Nochi kagami' (Later Mirror), that was compiled by the Edo bakufu during the Bakumatsu period (the mid-eighteenth century), which describes the events from 1333 through 1597 in chronological order; the book very straightforwardly reveals each of the historical sources consulted for each event described.
- これは律令に定められた正統な統治機関は天皇及び太政官であり、法的な根拠を持たない治天の君が命令を行う場合には、こうした非公式な公文書形式を採用せざるを得なかったからである。
- Since legitimate government organs established by the Ritsuryo codes were the Emperor and the Daijokan, Chiten no kimi who had no legal basis had to use such an informal form of official document to issue an order.
- 院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符などの政府として最終決定意思を表示する文書と、同等の効力が認められていたのに対し、院宣は形式の面でも効力の面でも、簡易なものとして発給されていた。
- While an innocho kudashibumi, such as Shochoku (imperial edict) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), was a document that expressed the final decision of the government, an inzen was considered a much simpler document from the point of view of its format and efficacy.
- そのため光崎検校同様、複雑煩瑣に発達した当時の地歌音楽とは対極ともいえる、江戸前期の箏曲の形式である組歌の整合的構成、シンプルな技巧、気品高く雅びな雰囲気などを取り入れた。
- Therefore, like Mitsuzaki Kengyo, he also employed a consistent composition, a simple technique, and a noble and classic atmosphere of kumiuta, which was a form of sokyoku in the early Edo period, and an extreme opposite of jiuta music developed into complication at the time.
- 国家体制としての律令制は、唐後期までに崩壊していたが、それでも律令格式という法体系は基本法典として存続し、唐以後の諸王朝(北宋・明・清)も律令格式の法形式を継承していった。
- Luli as a ruling and administrative system of a nation, was no longer effective by the end of Tang Dynasty, but a law system referred to as Luli Geshi remained as the essential collective of law codes, and the form of Luli Geshi was succeeded by the dynasties after Tang (Northern Song, Ming, and Qing) as their law enforcement.
- 内閣総理大臣は「内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示」(2条)し、また「行政全部ヲ統督」(4条)すると定められ、少なくとも形式上は強力な権限を与えられていた。
- The Naikaku-shokken stipulated that the Prime Minister 'shall report state affairs to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions, and direct the course of policies as the first among ministers' (Article 2) and 'maintain unity among the different branches of the administration' (Article 4); the Prime Minister, therefore, possessed extensive authority, at least formally.
- 四〇〇ナノメートル超三〇、〇〇〇ナノメートル以下の波長範囲で使用するように設計したものであって、イメージデータをデジタル形式で出力するもののうち、次のいずれかに該当するもの
- Among mono-spectrum image sensors or multi-spectrum image sensors designed for use within a wavelength range exceeding 400 nanometers and 30,000 nanometers or less, in which image data are output digitally, those which fall under any of the following
- しかし政治的背景を元にした古典文芸の復権があった他、新聞の連載小説形式や活版印刷技術などの登場を機に明治10年頃から合巻が再び脚光を浴びるなど戯作は明治期にも続けられていた。
- However, the restoration of the classic literature based on the political background, the appearances of a serial novel style on newspaper, typographical technology, and so on, brought Gokan to the limelight again from around 1877; Gesaku was still written during the Meiji period.
- 多様な形式・形状の天守が築かれたが、築城のピークは関が原の合戦前後で、特に西日本には姫路城天守のように高さ20メートル前後から30メートル前後のものが築かれたのも特徴である。
- Tenshu with various forms and shapes were built, but the peak of castle construction was the Battle of Sekigahara, and castles 20 to 30 meters high, like Himeji-jo Castle, were built in western Japan the in those days.
- だが、この規定が難解で分かりにくかったためか、現存の辞は残されておらず、辞が適切と思われる内容に関する公文書でも解 (公文書)などの他の形式が用いられているのがほとんどである。
- However, probably because this prescription was difficult to understand, mostly other forms such as ge (a form of an official document) were used in issuing an official document which ought to have been made as zi, and thus zi does not remain today.
- このほか平安時代中期には池亭をはじめとして法界寺、法勝寺、末期には鳥羽院殿、法金剛院、円成寺、法住寺殿、鎌倉時代には永福寺、北山殿、称名寺など、この形式の庭園事例は比較的多い。
- In addition to chitei (arbors by a pond), comparatively large number of gardens of this style were built, including those of Hokai-ji Temple and Hossho-ji Temple, both of which were built during the middle of the Heian period, those of Tobain-dono Villa, Hokongo-in Temple, Enjo-ji Temple and Hojuji-dono Palace, all of which were built toward the end of the Heian period, and those of Yofuku-ji Temple, Kitayama-dono Villa and Shomyo-ji Temple all of which were built in the Kamakura period.
- 外国語で意味が近いものに「coquetterie」「esprit」などを挙げたが、形式を抽象化することによって導き出される類似・共通点をもって文化の理解としてはならないとした。
- While he mentioned that foreign words such as 'coquetterie' and 'esprit' have a similar meaning, he argued that common or similar points derived through the abstraction of forms should not be used to understand a culture.
- しかし、平安後期になると、人間をあるがままに日本風に描くという国風文化の影響のもと、表現形式がより柔軟かつ豊富な和文体による歴史物語・軍記物語・説話集が多数記されるようになった。
- However, in the latter half of the Heian period, the Kokufu Bunka, in which human beings were depicted in Japanese styles, prevailed, and many historical stories, war chronicles and collections of anecdotes were written in the Japanese-writing style that enabled the descriptions to be made more flexibly and richly.
- 牒は、公式令 (律令制)においては主典以上の官人が官司に対して上申する際に用いられる文書形式であったが、後に僧綱や寺社と官司とが文書の遣り取りを行う際にも用いられるようになった。
- Cho was at first a kind of document used in kushikiryo (according to he Ritsuryo system) when a low- or medium-ranked government official higher than sakan submitted a petition to a higher government official, it was later used as texts exchanged between the office of Monastic affairs or Buddhist temples and a government official.
- 1686年に江戸幕府より出された禁令の対象に「うどんや蕎麦切りなどの火を持ち歩く商売」という意味の記載があり、この頃にはすでに持ち歩き屋台形式の蕎麦屋が存在したことが推測できる。
- An interdict issued by the Edo bakufu in 1686 covered an item which amounted to 'a business requiring fire to be carried around to operate such as udon or sobakiri' suggesting that portable soba stalls were already in existence in those days.
- 地域によって様々な違いがあるが、2~6名程度の人間が乗り込んで内部の太鼓を叩き、その太鼓の音に合わせて掛け声をかけ、数十人~百人以上で担ぎ上げ、練り歩くという形式は共通している。
- The taikodai shows a wide regional variation in the form and the style, but has a common style that two to six men get into the taikodai and beat the drum placed in it, providing the rhythm that guides dozens to more than one hundred men below who shoulder the taikodai and parade through their parishes, shouting a call synchronized exactly with the drum beat.
- 京都府指定・登録文化財一覧(きょうとふしてい・とうろくぶんかざいいちらん)は京都府指定または登録の文化財や史跡等を一覧形式でまとめたものであるが、全てを掲載しているわけではない。
- A list of cultural properties designated and registered by Kyoto Prefecture lists the cultural properties and historical sites and the like, designated or registered by Kyoto Prefecture in a view format, but not all the data are recorded.
- 行政機関の長は、利用停止請求書に形式上の不備があると認めるときは、利用停止請求をした者(以下「利用停止請求者」という。)に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その補正を求めることができる。
- When the head of an Administrative Organ finds that there is a deficiency in the form of the Written Suspension of Use Request, he or she may, by setting a reasonable period of time, ask the person having made the Suspension of Use Request (hereinafter referred to as the 'Suspension of Use Requester') to amend the request.
- 作品は典型的な複式夢幻能の形式をとり、旅の僧が漁師にであう前段、漁師がきえた後、僧がその不思議を土地の住人にたずねる狂言部分、主人公義経が生前の姿であらわれる後段の三部構成をとる。
- The work is written in the classic form of Fukushiki Mugen-Noh, which consists of three parts: a first part in which travelling monks happen to see fishermen, the Kyogen part (a farce played during a Noh play cycle) in which the fishermen have disappeared and the monks ask a local villager about this mystery, and a last part in which the main character Yoshitsune appears as a ghost.
- 7月10日、東京に置かれた英国大使館を外務省への改編に伴って外務卿に就任した澤宣嘉と同じく大蔵省への改編に伴って大蔵大輔に就任した大隈がパークスを訪問する形式で予備会談が行われた。
- On July 10, a preliminary meeting was held in the form of visit Parkes in British Embassy in Tokyo by Nobuyoshi SAWA, who assumed the position of chief of Foreign Ministry accompanying the reorganization to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with OKUMA, who similarly assumed the position of Okura no taifu (senior assistant minister of the Minister of Treasury) accompanying the reorganization to the Ministry of Finance.
- 幕府の命令を天皇が勅許の形で追認するという形式が取られている(「大法」という言葉には幕府・朝廷両方から出された重要法令の意味もあるとされている)という点でも特異な法令であると言える。
- The law can be said to be unique due to the fact that it was ratified in the form of an imperial sanction by the Emperor that was ordered by the bakufu (The word 'taiho' is also said to imply the meaning, 'a significant law enacted by both the bakufu and the Imperial Court').
- 中でも往復書簡を集めた形式の書籍である往来物は特に頻用され、様々な書簡を作成する事の多かった江戸時代の民衆にとっては実生活に即した教科書であり、「往来物」は教科書の代名詞ともなった。
- Oraimono, collection of correspondences were frequently used as textbooks because the public during the Edo period often prepared various letters for practical life and eventually 'Oraimono' became a pronoun for textbook.
- 鴨長明は、その著書『無名抄』の中で、幽玄を「詞に現れぬ余情、姿に見えぬ景気なるべし」「心にも理深く詞にも艶極まりぬれば、これらの徳は自ら備はるにこそ」と、問答形式の中で定義している。
- Chomei KAMONO defined Yugen as 'suggested feelings that do not appear on words and invisible atmosphere' 'inherent virtue of meanings deeply felt in mind and very attractive words' in Q&A of his book 'Mumyosho' (an essay on tanka poetry).
- が内容的には、その名を冠された歌人以外の作品も含まれるなど不備は多いものの、和歌が撰集形式ではなく、個人の著作物として鑑賞される機運が高まってきたことを示す重要な事例であるといえる。
- Although there were discrepancies such as poets not originally named in the title appearing within the kashu, it could be interpreted as an important example of the shift in the readers' interest from reading anthologies to reading works of individual poets.
- 形式は長大判と同じく「拾両後藤(花押)」と墨書され後藤五代徳乗の書であり、右上に「大」と墨書されたものもあり、上下左右にやや大きめの丸枠桐極印がそれぞれ一箇所、計四箇所打たれている。
- Its style is the same as the Tensho naga oban; on the front, the name of the monetary unit and Tokujo GOTO (the fifth craftsman)'s Kao is written in ink as 'ten ryo Goto'; and a little bigger Kiwamein of paulownia in a circle is stamped at the top, the bottom, the right and the left; some of those have a kanji character '大(big)' in ink at the upper right on the front.
- うち、5形式5両は現在も車籍を有し、2両(C57形1号機、C56形160号機)は、山口線「やまぐち (列車)」や北陸本線「北びわこ (列車)」など、本線上での列車牽引に供されている。
- Of those, 5 steam locomotives of 5 different classes are still registered for operation, and 2 (Class C57 #1 and Class C56 #160) are in service to pull trains on main lines such as the Yamaguchi on the Yamaguchi Line and the Kita Biwako on the Hokuriku Main Line.
- 息子である天皇の崩御から元明天皇即位までの2ヶ月間は形式的には阿閉皇女の称制が成立していたと考えられているが、期間が短かったために、称制としての実質はほとんどなかったと考えられている。
- It was considered to be a period of two months, after Emperor Ahe no Himemiko died that she succeeded to the throne, and the official Shosei of Ahe no Himemiko was established, however, the government itself was not ruled properly during this short period of time.
- しかし、これらは紀州徳川家から将軍に就任した吉宗が側用人政治を嫌う土屋政直ら「援立の臣」らに功績としてどちらかというと形式的なところに着目してなされた一種の配慮とみる見解が有力である。
- However, it's generally understood that Yoshimune from the Kishu Tokugawa family showed his consideration for his 'supportive vassal' Masanao TSUCHIYA who hated the lord chamberlain government, so Yoshimune made changes to Arai's achievements mainly from a formality.
- なお、奈良時代、聖武天皇の命で各地に建立された国分寺の伽藍配置を見ると、1塔1金堂形式が基本で、塔は伽藍の中軸線上には建たず、回廊の内側または外側の東または西に寄った位置に建っている。
- The garan layout of Kokubun-ji temples, being provincial temples established in each province of Japan by the Emperor Shomu in the Nara period, have one pagoda and one main hall in general; in this layout the pagoda was not built on the central pivot line of the garan but was built inside the corridors, or outside the corridors either on the east or the west side.
- 杉障子には絵を描き、壁の代用にも用いていたことは、室礼としての襖障子の延長とも考えられるが、主に縁側と部屋との仕切りや縁上の仕切りにに使用され、また出窓形式の書院の窓にも使用されていた。
- Considering that pictures were executed on Sugi-shoji and it was used as an alternative wall, it can be thought of as a kind of development of Fusuma-shoji of Shitsurai, and it was mainly used for partitions between verandas and rooms or on the veranda as well as a shoin window (study or guest room in Japanese residential architecture) resembling a bay window.
- 江戸時代中期以降になると切腹自体が簡略・儀礼化し、いわゆる「扇子腹」の形式で行われるようになり、切腹人が小刀・脇差に見立てた扇子に手を伸ばそうとした瞬間に介錯することがほとんどであった。
- Since the mid Edo period, Seppuku was simplified and ritualized, eventually reduced to a so-called Sensu-bara pattern, in which an assistant swung the sword down onto the person committing Seppuku the very moment he reached for Sensu (a fan) which represented a short sword or Wakizashi used for disemboweling.
- 稽古は一般的に、二人一組の約束組手形式(何の技を使うか合意の元に行う)の形稽古中心であり、「取り(捕り)」(技を掛ける側)と「受け」(技を受ける側)の役を相互に交代しながら繰り返し行う。
- Training is generally centered around a yakusoku kumite (prearranged fighting) form of kata training done in pairs, and it is repeated, switching the roles of 'tori' (attacker, the one who applies the technique) and 'uke' (defender, the one to whom the technique is applied).
- 大日本帝国憲法のもとでは、天皇の行為のうち「皇室ノ大事ヲ宣誥(せんこう)シ及大権ノ施行ニ関スル勅旨ヲ宣誥スルハ別段ノ形式ニ依(よ)ルモノヲ除クノ外詔書ヲ以(もつ)テス」るものと定めていた。
- Under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, among the emperor's action, it was established as 'In order to convey the emperor's important affairs and intentions regarding prerogative enforcement, the imperial rescript shall be used, excluding other forms.'
- いっぽう幕末になると名古屋の吉沢検校の『花の縁』、『夏衣』などをはじめ九州の『尾上の松』、『海女小舟』、広島の『花形見』など、各地でも京流手事物の形式にのっとった曲が作られるようになった。
- On the other hand, across Japan in the end of Edo period, the works which applied the form of Kyoto-style tegotomono were composed, such as 'Hana no enishi,' 'Natsugoromo' and so on by kengyo YOSHIZAWA in Nagoya, 'Onoe no Matsu' (Pine Tree On Mountain) and 'Ama obune' in Kyushu and 'Hanagatami' in Hiroshima and so on.
- 書式上においては、「太政官謹奏(かしこもうす) 其事」と書き出し、続いて太政大臣以下の各大臣・大納言ら各議政官が連署してその次に奏文を書くという太政官議政官の総意による奏上の形式を採った。
- A documentary form of Ronso was stipulated in Daijokan-so as to start with an opening sentence 'Daijokan kashiko mosu'(Daijokan has much pleasure in this writing), being accompanied by signatures of Daijo-daijin (the Grand Minister of State) and other legislatures including ministers and dainagon (Chief Councilors of State), and then followed by Sobun (a report to the throne), thus taking a form to report collective opinions of all legislatures of Daijokan.
- ただし、形式のみといっても院政期からは後院である淳和院とともに代々の源氏長者が務める役職として「淳和奨学両院別当」という称号が作られ、のちに武家である足利将軍・徳川将軍の称号の一つとなる。
- Although most Daigaku-besso (including Shogakuin) became merely titles, during Inseiki (the period of the cloister government), a title 'Junnain Shogakuin Ryoin Betto' (the principal of both Junnain and Shogakuin) was created along with the Junnain, the Goin (palace of the retired Emperor) of the retired Emperor Junna, as a post for successive Genji Choja (chiefs of the Minamoto clan), and this title later became one of the titles of samurai families, such as Ashikaga Shogun and Tokugawa Shogun.
- その形式は楕円形の馬場と3頭以上の馬を用いてレースを行うというものであり、まもなく日本人によって日本各地で近代競馬が模倣されるようになったが、そのための場として祭典競馬が盛んに利用された。
- It was a race by three or more horses on an oval track and the form of the modern horse racing was taken over by Japanese and this form of race gradually spread everywhere in Japan, however, the traditional saiten keiba were used as the venue.
- 近代になってサービス業として登場した葬儀会社の介入もあり、ビジネス化された仏式葬儀に疑問を持つ人びとも増えつつあり、自然葬(散骨、宇宙葬、森林葬など)もひとつの形式として浸透し始めている。
- Due to participation by funeral directors which appeared as a service business in the early modern times, and an increase in the number of people who are in doubt about commercialized Buddhist ritual funeral services, burial services in nature (ash scattering, burial in the space, burial in the forest) have also started spreading as a form of funeral ceremony.
- 『早字二重鑑』(いろは順が二回繰り返される近代辞書に似た形式)、『急用間合即座引』(いろは順の次に語尾の仮名で分類)、『大成正字通』(いろは順、部門分類、濁音仮名の有無の三段階)などである。
- For example, there were 'Hayaji Niju Kagami' (in which the words were classified and subclassified in iroha order similar to modern dictionaries), 'Kyuyomaniai Sokuzabiki'(in which the words were classified in iroha order and subclassified by kana at the end of each word) and 'Taisei seijitsu' (in which the words were classified in three steps: In iroha order, by category and by presence or absence of the Japanese syllabary for voiced consonants).
- 本来、律令に規定されている天皇発給の命令書としては、詔書・勅旨があったが、これらの発給は重要な案件の場合に限定されており、また形式が厳密に定められており、特定の機会にしか発給ができなかった。
- Originally, Shosho (imperial edict, decree) and Chokushi (imperial order) existed as orders issued by the emperor as specified in the Ritsuryo codes, but, by reason that the issuing of such orders was limited to those cases of important issues, and the format was regulated strictly, the issuance was allowed only at special occasions.
- このような画面形式では、天地の高さには限界があるが、画面の水平方向の長さには制約がなく、物語の展開などを長大な画面に劇的に表現することが可能であり、そこに時間的な推移を盛り込むこともできる。
- With this style of emakimono pictures, the vertical length of a picture is limited but its horizontal length is not, which makes it possible to depict a drastic development of any long story on a long space of paper and also to show there the passage of time.
- 国司制度は、基本の形式は平安時代になっても律令法と変りはなかったが、国司の職が封禄と化し、任地におもむかない遥任の国司が増加するにつれて、諸国の行政は留守所あるいは在庁官人が行うようになった。
- The basic format of the kokushi (provincial governors) system was not different from that of ritsuryo law even during the Heian period, but when the position of kokushi turned into a salaried one, and yonin, who are kokushi who would not go to their place of appointment, increased, provincial administration was performed by rusudokoro (the center for all local government administration in a province) or zaichokanjin (local district officials).
- 日本の剣術と世界各国の剣術・刀術を比較すると、刃長60cm以上の刀を両手で持ち、互いに盾を用いずに戦うという形式は珍しく、中世にドイツでツーハンデッドソードによる剣術があげられるくらいである。
- This type of swordplay, in which both parties fight, without shields, holding swords of over 60cm in length with both hands, is seldom seen in countries other than Japan, with the exception of the swordplay called Two-handed swords in the medieval age of Germany.
- 従って、弥生時代前期前半より以前に(夜臼式土器に代表されるような刻目突帯文土器と総称される一群の土器形式に示された)水稲農耕技術を伴う社会が(少なくとも北部九州地域には)成立していたとされる。
- Therefore, a society with rice-paddy cultivation techniques (at least in northern Kyushu) existed before the first half of the early Yayoi period (Shown in a form of earthenware called Kizamimetottaimon earthenware such as Yusu earthenware.)
- 最も一般的な形式は池泉回遊式庭園(ちせんかいゆうしきていえん)と呼ばれるもので、大きな池を中心に配し、その周囲に園路を巡らして、築山、池中に設けた小島、橋、名石などで各地の景勝などを再現した。
- The most typical such gardens are called Chisen Kaiyu style gardens, in which a big pond is placed at the center, walking paths are provided around the pond, and the landscape, for example, of a scenic spot was reproduced with tsukiyama (artificial miniature hills), small islands in the pond, bridges and beautiful stones.
- 飛鳥寺の発掘調査結果によると、回廊で囲まれた区画の中央に仏塔が建ち、これを中金堂・東金堂・西金堂の三金堂で囲む伽藍配置で、高句麗の形式を踏襲しており、中国の三合院配置に起源があると考えられる。
- According to the results of the excavation of Asuka-dera Temple, the temple had a garan layout in which a pagoda stood at the center of the area surrounded by roofed corridors, and surrounding it were three main halls (central main hall, east main hall, and west main hall); such construction follows the Goguryeo-style and is believed to have originated in the Sangoin layout of China.
- 下位の者の意見を取り上げる形式をとって下位の不満を抑えつつも、最終的な決裁権は最高権力者が保持し続けるというこのやり方は江戸時代に至るまで、「伝統的」・「原則的」手法として守られ続けていった。
- This way of decision-making, in which the highest man of power had the authority of the final decision while suppressing complaints of under class people using the form of adopting their opinions, had been kept as a 'traditional' and 'fundamental' way until the Edo period.
- だがこの遠征は倭寇制圧を目的とした侵攻に過ぎず、対馬の属州化要求も対馬が朝鮮の形式的な『外藩』であることを再確認させ倭寇を禁圧させるためのもので、恒久的な属国化を図る朝鮮側の意思は見出しがたい。
- However, the sole purpose of the expeditionary force's invasion was to subjugate the Wako pirates, and Joseon Korea's demand that Tsushima become a vassal state was only an attempt to reassert Korea's titular control over Tsushima as an 'outer domain' in order to encourage them to bring the Wako under control; it is difficult to find evidence of any suggestion that the Koreans were planning to make Tsushima a permanent vassal state.
- もっとも、この時代には飾り物としての古の形式と、一生の災厄をこの人形に身代りさせるという祭礼的意味合いが強くなり、武家子女など身分の高い女性の嫁入り道具の家財のひとつに数えられるようにもなった。
- During this period, however, Hina-matsuri increasingly had a ritualistic aspect of having the dolls suffer all the present and future misfortunes in place of people in addition to the traditional aspect of a display, and the Hina-matsuri doll set was considered to be one of the bride's household articles for high-ranking females such as the daughters of samurai families.
- 内容面で言うと、読本の形式をとり、場面場面ではなく話の運びや、登場人物の人間性に重点をおいたものにしたこと、読者の想定を知識層におき、思想や歴史観、作中での議論を盛り込んだことなどがあげられる。
- As for the contents, it takes the form of yomihon without focusing on each scene but on the development of the plot and the human nature of the character; and it targets intellectuals, incorporating his ideas, view of history and arguments in the work.
- そこで、総裁局顧問の木戸孝允が、天皇が天神地祗(てんじんちぎ。分かり易く言えば神)を祀り、神前で公卿・諸侯を率いている状態で共に誓いかつ全員が署名するという形式を提案し、採用されることとなった。
- Therefore general bureau adviser Takayoshi KIDO proposed another form that the emperor pray to tenjinchigi (the gods of heaven and earth) as leader of Kugyo and lords, then pledge and sign together with them, and the proposal was adopted.
- 現在の城のイメージの中心となる石垣、天守や櫓 (城郭)などの形式は、室町末期以降、特に松永久秀が多聞山城や信貴山城を築城した前後や織田信長が安土城を築城した前後の時代に発生したと考えられている。
- The form of stone walls, castle towers and turrets (citadels) which were main elements of castles at the time, were created when Hisahide MATSUNAGA built Tamonyama-jo Castle and Shigisan-jo Castle after the end of Muromachi period or when Nobunaga ODA built Azuchi-jo Castle.
- いまご逝去の報に接し、天下はみな悲しんでいるが、朝夕法皇の徳に慣れ、法皇の恩によって名利を得た輩はなおさらである」形式的な悲しみの言葉を使いながらも、仏教帰依を非難し、近臣の悲しみを嘲笑している。
- The whole nation is in sorrow after hearing about the Emperor's death, especially people who were with the Emperor and were looked after in many ways from morning to night, and who endeavored to achieve a higher position with the Emperor's support,' although the formal words or morning were being used, he criticized the Emperor for becoming a believer in Buddhism and made fun of the sorrow his close aides expressed.
- 当時の朝廷には政権を運営する能力も体制もなく、一旦形式的に政権を返上しても、公家衆や諸藩を圧倒する勢力を有する徳川家が天皇の下の新政府に参画すれば実質的に政権を握り続けられると考えてのことである。
- As the Imperial Court at that time had no ability and system to come into power, Yoshinobu thought that the Tokugawa family could practically have control over political administration if the family, which had a power to overwhelm Kugeshu (court nobles) and domains, participated in the new government under the Emperor even if the family formally returned the power.
- 開館当初は動態保存が原則であり、C53形45号機とC51形239号機の2両を省き15両に車籍があったが、その後保存対象車両の見直しが何度か行われ2006年現在、動態保存機は7形式7両となっている。
- When this museum opened, there was a rule that locomotives should be preserved in working conditions. In fact, 15 locomotives excluding the two (Class C53 #45 and Class C51 #239) were registered for operation. However, the scope of locomotives to be preserved has been reconsidered several times since then. As of 2006, 7 locomotives of 7 different classes are preserved in working conditions.
- 近世の公家社会での直垂着用は著しく限られたが、用いるときは綾や固織物など、狩衣地に準じた紋織物を使用し、袴も切袴で(形式的なくくりをつけたものもある)、袖にも狩衣のようなくくりを通したものが多い。
- The current kuge (court noble) society extremely limited the usage of hitatare, but it accompanied aya and kata-orimono (types of Japanese textile), which followed the pattern woven fabrics such as kariginu-ji (hunting outfit) when used, and hakama was kiri-hakama (short fringe hakama) (there is a tie up cord just as a formality), and it has a stringed sleeve just like kariginu.
- これに対して、巻物を机の上で広げた際に一目で見渡せる程度の大きさ(横幅50 - 60cm程度)を一画面とし、絵と詞が交互に現れる形式を「段落式構図」といい、『源氏物語絵巻』がその典型的な例である。
- On the other hand, a composition of alternating appearance of a picture and text pages of about 50 to 60 cm width to be overviewed by spreading on a desk is called 'section style composition,' typical example of which is 'Genji Monogatari Emaki.'
- 当初は民部省に貢進された後で各官司に配分されたが、10世紀に入ると民部省を関与させずに特定の官司に対して特定の国が舂米を直接貢進する形式に替わり、各官司の財政が独立採算制に変わっていく一因となった。
- Originally, it was tithed to the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) and then distributed to the various Kanji (government official), but in the tenth century, the Minbusho did not intervene, but each province directly tithed shomai to a given Kanji and this became one of the factors that led to each Kanji becoming responsible for their individual finances.
- なお、長慶天皇が弘和3年(永徳3年/1383年)10月に摂津国のある村に出した朝用分免除の綸旨があるが、翌年元中元年(至徳_(日本)元年/1384年)閏9月の同趣旨の命令が院宣の形式で出されている。
- Emperor Chokei issued a Rinji (the Emperor's command) for an exemption of Choyobun for a village in Settsu Province in November of 1383, and in October of 1384 he issued an order of the same effect in the form of an Inzen (a decree from the Retired Emperor).
- しかし、実際に人口調査の体裁が整えられてたのは、徳川吉宗によって子午改(6年毎)の全国人口調査が開始された享保六年(1721年)以降であり、大岡忠相から有馬氏倫へ提出した書類の形式で伝えられている。
- However, the census system was only formally put into place after hexannual national census surveys were implemented by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in 1721 (year) and formalized in the document presented by Tadasuke OOKA to Ujinori ARIMA.
- ヨーロッパ諸国が主導して形成した近代外交体制は基本的に主権平等主義に基づき、対等国同士の外交という形式を取っていたため、この外交体制の拡大とともに華夷秩序も徐々に変容あるいは解体されることとなった。
- Since the modern system of foreign relations that had been forged by European countries was based on the principle of sovereign equality, in other words, the diplomacy between independent nations, the order of kai was forced to change or dissolve according to the development of such system of foreign relations.
- 阿部は改正を論じる自体が保守派の刺激をしかねない公事方御定書の改正を避け、恩赦という形式を用いて公事方御定書が定めた刑罰を減刑するという遠まわしな手法で結果的に公事方御定書の改正を図ろうとしたのである。
- Abe avoided a direct reform of the Kujigata-osadamegaki, as even a discussion about reforming it might stir up the conservatives, so he used pardon as a means of reducing the penalties provided in the Kujigata-osadamegaki, and by using such a roundabout method he intended to reform the Kujigata-osadamegaki as a result.
- したがって、明治憲法に定められた改正手続きによって行われたのは便宜的・形式的なもので、実質的に日本国憲法は、改正ではなく「新たに制定」、両者の間の法的連続性は「実質的には無し」という解釈が取られている。
- So it meant that the constitutional amendment, which had been conducted following procedures defined by the Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan), was merely expedient and perfunctory, and practically speaking, the Constitution of Japan was 'newly established,' not the amended version, and it had 'no substantial' legal continuity with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- またここから派生して、多くのバラエティ番組やお笑いイベントなどでは「大喜利形式」と称し、お笑い芸人やタレント、落語家達が用意された様々なお題に対して、面白い答えを出し合い、互いのお笑いセンスを競っている。
- Also, an item called 'the Ogiri style' was derived from that program and has been popular among many variety programs and Owarai (comedians show) events where comedians, entertainers, and Rakugo story tellers give comical responses to various topics they had prepared in advance and compete with each other on their sense of Owarai.
- 慶長期は小判師が吹屋職人を率い、各自で製造した判金を後藤役所に持参し、品位および量目(質量)を改めた上で極印の打印を受け両替商に売却することにより発行されるという、いわゆる「手前吹き」という形式であった。
- In the the Keicho Period, Kobanshi leaded Fukiya craftmen, submitting bankin (gold coins) they had made to Goto office, selling it to exchanger after correcting a carat and ryome (a weighed value) and having hallmark printed on it, which was called the form of Temaebuki.
- 最近では、手軽に作れるシール形式の千社札が急増しており、宗教的な用途以外にも、名札の代わりにしたり、気合を込めるの意味で太鼓の達人のプレイに使用する自作の撥に貼り付けたりと、様々な用途が生み出されている。
- Recently, easily-made sticker type senjafuda have increased and are used other than for religious purposes such as for business cards and some kind of amulet stuck to 'bachi' (drumsticks) of a drum master to inspire himself when he performs.
- 中国の千字文を意識して1行に名詞が4語並ぶように作られているが、5行目で早くも動詞を使用するなど形式的にも破綻しており、6行目は無意味な語の羅列になっているなど、作品としての出来は決してよいとは言えない。
- Following the structure of the Senjimon (a poem consisting of one thousand Chinese characters) in China, four nouns constitute one line of the poem at first, but it shows collapse already in the fifth line in terms of formality as verbs are used there and in addition meaningless words are placed in the sixth line; therefore it is hard to say this poem is a good piece.
- 太政官が下す符を特に太政官符と呼称されるが、太政官以外の機関、すなわち八省や弾正台から下級の官司や令制国に出す命令、更により下位にある官司でも自己よりも下級の官司に対しては符の形式の命令文書が出されていた。
- Fu issued by Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was specially called Daijokanpu, but in organizations other than Daijokan such as Hassho and danjodai a command was given to officials in the lower grade in the form of fu, and even officials in the low grade used fu to give a command to their subordinate officials.
- 源氏物語古系図(げんじものがたりこけいず)とは、『源氏物語』の登場人物を実在の人物と同様に系図の形式で書き表した源氏物語系図(げんじものがたりけいず)のうち、三条西実隆が整えたとされるもの以前のものをいう。
- Among the genealogies of The Tale of Genji, in which characters in 'The Tale of Genji' were systematically written in the form of genealogy as if they were the real people, Genji monogatari kokeizu (old genealogies on the Tale of Genji) refers to the ones that were made before the genealogy produced by Sanetaka SANJONISHI.
- ことに大正末から昭和10年代にかけ、新しい作曲運動が大きな盛り上がりを見せ、宮城の他にも久本玄智、中村双葉、町田嘉声、中能島欣一、高森高山らにより、新しい形式、編成、作曲法による新曲がおびただしく作られた。
- The movement of making new music was grew strong from the end of Taisho period to around 1935-1944, and a huge amount of new music with new styles, arrangements and composition methods was created by MIYAGI and others such as Genchi HISAMOTO, Soyo NAKAMURA, Kasei MACHIDA, Kinichi NAKANOSHIMA and Takayama TAKAMORI.
- 生の魚や海苔にあった抵抗感を覆してブームといわれるまでになったのは、寿司は低脂肪で健康的な食べ物というイメージが定着したことの他、カウンターをはさんで職人と対面して注文するという形式のおもしろさがあげられる。
- Reasons why the resistance to raw fish and dried laver was removed and sushi grew to the extent of being called a boom were that an image that sushi was low in fat and a healthy food took root, and the style of ordering sushi to a sushi chef face-to-face over the counter interested them.
- 古代中国製の銅鏡には、神像と動物文を鋳出した神獣鏡が多く、その他、背面の文様によって「方格規矩鏡(ほうかくきくきょう)」「海獣葡萄鏡」「内行花文鏡(ないこうかもんきょう)」などさまざまな形式に分類されている。
- A lot of divine beasts mirrors having deities' images and animal designs can be found in the bronze mirrors made in ancient China, and other mirrors are classified into various types such as Hokakukikukyo Mirror (designs of ruler and compass), Kaiju Budo Kyo Mirror (designs of animals and grapes) and Naiko Kamonkyo Mirror (semicircle designs) according to their designs on the reverse.
- これは裏を返せば後見人である蓮淳自身の権力拡大が目的であったが、形式上は「法主を頂点とした権力機構の確立」という実如以来の方針に忠実に従ったものであったから、この大義名分を前に異論を挿める者は存在しなかった。
- This actually aimed to expand the guardian Renjun's authority, but formally he was following the policy that had been kept since Jitsunyo, 'the establishment of the power structure with hoshu at the top,' and for this legitimate reason, no one could raise an objection against him.
- 「絵巻」という語には、『源氏物語絵巻』『紫式部日記絵巻』のように、作品名に「○○絵巻」と付けて巻子装の作品であることを表す用法と、巻子形式の絵画を総称した概念として「絵巻」ないし「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合とがある。
- The word 'emaki' is used in two ways; one is to attach the word at the end of the name of its corresponding mother work, like 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' and 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki Emaki' (illustrated scroll of the Lady Murasaki's Diary), and another way is to regard the term of 'emaki' or 'emakimono' as a concept to collectively refer to the pictures painted in kansu (a handscroll or horizontal scroll) style.
- 当代の主要歌人三十人に百首歌を召してこれを結番し、歌合形式で判詞を加えるという空前絶後の企画であったが、この歌合は、新古今期の歌論の充実、新進歌人の成長などの面から見ても文学史上逸することのできない価値を持つ。
- The 30 main contemporary poets created poems by turns, and each poet gave a Han-shi in the poetry-contest style, as the largest such event yet held; this poetry contest was the most valuable in literary history, since it evaluated the poems of the Shin kokin period and revealed talented poets who had previously been unknown.
- 更に幕末以降、箏曲が地歌から再独立する際にも、『千鳥の曲』をはじめとして、『常世の曲』、『新高砂』、『楓の花』、『御国の誉』、『明治松竹梅』、『時鳥の曲』、『秋の言の葉』など、この形式の箏曲がさかんに作られた。
- Furthermore after the end of the Edo period, when so (or koto) songs became independent from jiuta again, this form of so (or koto) works was actively composed, such as 'Chidori no kyoku' (a song for plover), 'Tokoyo no kyoku' (a song for eternity), 'Shin Takasago song' (literally, 'new version of 'Takasago'), 'Kaede no hana' (a maple flower), 'Mikuni no homare' (the glory of the country), 'Meiji shochikubai,' 'Hototogisu no kyoku' (a song for a little cuckoo), 'Aki no koto no ha' (Words for autumn) and so on.
- 後年は冊子形式を用いているが、これは実隆が政治の実際から離れ、出家した頃(永正13年(1516年))に符合し、実隆が日記を家記としてではなく、備忘録的なものと位置づけるようになったのではないかと推測されている。
- The later years' entries took a form of booklet, and these years corresponded to the years when Sanetaka left politics and became a priest (in 1516), which makes us imagine that Sanetaka came to consider a diary not a family record but a memorandum.
- 結果、古代末期には官印はまったく廃れ、院政期に「二合体」(「頼」のへんと「朝」のつくりを合わせて「源頼朝」をあらわすなどの方法)という新しい書判の形式が現れると、これ以降花押の使用が一般化することになるのである。
- As a result, kanin was completely demolished at the end of the ancient Japan, and Kao came into general use after a new Kakihan style 'Nigotai' which was a way to represent someone's name by combining a part of 2 characters of a name (for example, by combining a part of 'Yori' and a part of 'Tomo' to represent 'MINAMOTO no Yoritomo') appeared during the period of the government by the abdicated Emperor.
- またこれらを主題に歌合せの催しが行われていることから日本庭園が文学的・情緒的であることも一つの特色といえるが、このころは「古めかしきもの」から「今めかしきもの」への変換期で、生活形式が変わりつつあったといわれる。
- Further, waka poem competitions were held by making garden scenery the subject of the poem, it is also characteristic of Nihon teien that the garden itself is literary and emotional, but there was a period of transition when life styles were changing from 'old-fashioned' to 'modern.'
- その治世は34年の長きにわたり、摂関を置かず形式上の親政を行っていたため、後世「延喜の治」と崇められたが、昌泰4年(901年)、時平の讒言を聞き菅原道真を大宰権帥に貶めた昌泰の変は、聖代の瑕と評されることであった。
- In this government, the Emperor ruled the politics directly without regents or chancellors [chief advisers to the Emperor] as a matter of form, and his time, which was admired as 'Engi no chi (the peaceful era of Engi),' continued for 34 years; however, it is said that the Shotai no Hen (the Shotai Incident), which occurred in 901 when SUGAWARA no Michizane's position was lowered to Dazai no Gon no Sochi after Tokihira made a false charge against him, was the biggest mistake of the government ruled by a son of Heaven.
- 荘園は所有者が直接経営に携わる場合もあったが、所有者に雇われた管理者が直接耕作者である佃戸及び奴隷を監督して生産物や金銭などの形式で租税や小作料を徴収して管理し、時には相場を利用して運用を図り差額を儲ける者もいた。
- Sometimes the owners were directly involved with the management of shoens, but the managers who were hired by the owners supervised denko (tenant farmers) or slaves, collected the land tax or farm rent in the form of products or money from them and at times gained the amount of difference by investment using the market price.
- 表面中央に「拾両後藤(花押)」、右上に「天正十六」などと年号が墨書され、菱形枠の桐極印が上部に一箇所、下部に二箇所に打たれていることから菱大判と呼ばれるが、同形式で丸枠桐極印が上下にそれぞれ一箇所のものの存在する。
- At the middle of the front, the names of the monetary unit and the craftsman's Kao (a stylized signature) are written in ink as 'Ten ryo Goto'; at the upper right, the name of the era is written also in ink such as 'Tensho sixteen (the sixteenth year of Tensho era)'; at the top, one Kiwamein (hallmark) of paulownia in a diamond ('hishi') is stamped; and at the bottom, two same Kiwamein are stamped; therefore it is called 'Tensho hishi oban', however, some of those have one Kiwamein of paulownia in a circle at the top and one same Kiwamein at the bottom, instead of three Kiwamein of paulownia in a diamond.
- しかし、その形式が従来と違い文中に中国皇帝のみが使用する「皇」や「勅」の語があったことで、朝鮮側はそれらは朝鮮にたいし日本を上位におくととらえ、また近代化を進める日本を「仮洋夷」として警戒してその受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean government refused to accept it saying that the note was written in a style that differed from the conventional one and containing words '皇' and '勅'--traditionally used only by Chinese emperors-- suggested that Japan was superior to Korea, and warning that Japan's modernization was based on 'a presumed doctrine of excluding western threats.'
- この形式は日本で生まれたもので、英語の「Karaoke」(「キャリオキ」と聞こえる)や中国語の「「卡拉OK」(kǎlā OK)、ロシア語の「Караокэ」など、外国でも日本語の音をそのまま使った言葉が使われている。
- This style emerged in Japan, and words based on the sound of the Japanese word are used in foreign languages such as 'karaoke' (sounds rather 'kyarioki' than 'karaoke' to Japanese) in English, '卡拉OK' (kǎlā OK) in Chinese, and 'Караокэ' in Russian.
- 2Cテンダ国鉄8700形蒸気機関車12両(イギリス)、2Cテンダ国鉄8800形蒸気機関車12両と国鉄8850形蒸気機関車12両(ドイツ)、2C1テンダ国鉄8900形蒸気機関車24両(アメリカ)の4形式の蒸気機関車である。
- The 4 models of imported steam locomotives consisted of 12 2C Tenda Japan National Railways model 8700 steam locomotives (England), 12 2C Tenda Japan National Railways model 880 steam locomotives and 12 Japan National Railways model 8900 steam locomotives (Germany), 24 2C1 Tenda Japan National Railways model 8900 steam locomotives (USA).
- 1927年に地方競馬規則が公布され、公認競馬以外の競馬が地方競馬として行われるようになって以降は、同法が施設や主催者など競馬開催のための要件を細かく規定していたために、近代競馬形式による祭典競馬は次第に姿を消していった。
- After 1927 when the Rules Related to Regional Horse Racing were promulgated, races other than those officially sanctioned were treated as local horse races, and modern-style saiten keiba gradually disappeared because the Rules stipulated the required conditions regarding the facilities and organizer in detail.
- しかし、昭和に入り、近親相姦のタブーが拡がったことや、第二次世界大戦後は、洋装化が進み、核家族化の進展と共に褌が廃れたことで、褌祝の祭事を行う地区は殆どなくなり、その内容も形式的に赤飯等を配るなどの内容となっているようだ。
- However, since the 1920's incest has increasingly been taboo and with WWII Westernization spread and loincloths largely died out as nuclear families gained ground and, as such, holding loincloth ceremonies largely died out in most regions whereby the sentiment is conveyed in form alone by serving rice with red beans it appears.
- また、都市部を中心に発達したお留守居茶屋などの料亭の料理は、酒を飲みながら料理を食べる形式で本膳や懐石のように作法にあまりとらわれないのが特徴であり、これを会席料理と称した(現在最も多く行われているのはこの会席料理である)。
- The dishes at restaurants developed centered on the urban areas, for example, 'rusui-jaya' teahouses where the domain's diplomatic officials were regulars, were eaten while drinking sake in eating styles not restricted as honzen or kaiseki (懐石), and these dishes were called kaiseki (会席)-ryori dishes (the dishes served mostly today).
- 本来地歌および胡弓楽において発生したもので、もともと独奏曲であったものの前後に声楽部分を付属させ、楽曲形式として手事物の体裁を整えたものと、声楽曲の中の短い間奏部分が次第に発達して長大となったものの二種類があると考えられる。
- Originally, tegoto developed from jiuta and kokyugaku and can be divided into two types; one which was shaped into tegotomono as a style of composition by sandwiching a solo with vocal parts, and one in which a short interlude in a vocal music piece gradually developed and became a long interlude.
- 毎年1月11日_(旧暦)(応永年間後期以後)、管領以下を召集して開催され、まず奉行人より任命された右筆が祝詞を述べ、管領や評定衆が将軍に対して太刀を献上し、将軍側からも太刀を下賜するなど鎌倉期に比べて形式的な要素が強くなった。
- On January 11 (old calendar) (since the late Oei era) every year, hyojohajime was conducted through the convening of kanrei (shogunal deputies) and their subordinates with more ritual formalities than in the Kamakura period: yuhitsu (an amanuensis) appointed by bugyonin gave a speech of auspiciousness; kanrei and hyojoshu offered a sword to the Shogun, and the Shogun also granted them swords.
- 先帝の后や母后ではなく皇太子の方が実権を握っている点で、中国の称制とは異なるが、まず母后(斉明天皇)のちに先帝の后(孝徳天皇の皇后・間人皇女)を名目上の上位者として立てていたために形式上「称制」という名称が選ばれたのであろう。
- Since the Crown Prince had actual political control of the Japanese Shosei, it was different from the one in China where the Empress or the Empress Dowager used to take control of politics, it is presumed that above case was formally called 'Shosei' as the Empress Dowager (Emperor Saimei) was first appointed the nominal highest position followed by former Emperor's Empress (Emperor Kotoku's Empress, Princess Hashihito).
- 395年には、東帝テオドシウス1世(西帝は形式的に幼い次男ホノリウス)の死により、長男アルカディウスが東帝とされ、都が東のコンスタンティノポリスと西のメディオラヌム(後にラヴェンナへ遷都)に置かれ、東西二分が進むことになった。
- Due to the death of Theodosius I, the emperor of the East (with his young second son Honorius being the emperor of the West as figurehead) in 395, his first son Arccadius became the emperor of the East, and the two capitals were placed, one in Constantinople in the East and the other in Mediolanum (later to Ravenna) in the West, which promoted the Roman Empire to be divided into the West and the East.
- 武家故実の中でも弓馬や軍陣における実践的な故実と幕府や主君の前における儀礼や作法などの故実が存在したが、戦法の変化によって前者は形式的なものになったのに対して、後者は公家故実とも融合して、室町時代に小笠原流や伊勢流が生まれた。
- Within buke-kojitsu, there was practical kojitsu on kyuba (archery and horsemanship) and battle as well as kojitsu on ceremonies and manners for when in front of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or one's lord, and while the former became perfunctory due to changes in military tactics, the latter blended with kuge kojitsu and spawned the Ogasawara school and Ise school.
- そのため、義統は形式的な君主に過ぎず、1580年頃には宗麟と義統の関係は不和だったと言われているし、大友氏が島津氏の侵攻に一方的に押されたのも、耳川の戦いにおける敗戦だけではなく、家中における権力闘争も原因だったと言われている。
- Because of that, Yoshimune was a nominal monarchy and it is said that the relationship with his father, Sorin, was not good around 1580, and the reason why the Otomo clan was one-sidedly pushed by the Shimazu clan invasion was not only for losing the war at the battle of Mimikawa, but also the infighting of the Otomo clan.
- その形態には様々な形態があり、百済手部・百済戸・飼戸のように一定期間ごとの交替制あるいは臨時に召役されるもの、雑工戸・鍛戸のように農閑期に官司において労役させられるもの、筥戸のように毎年一定の製品を貢納したものなどの形式があった。
- There were various forms of zakko, such as Kudarabe, Kudarahe and Shiko who were summoned to serve on a periodic rotating or temporary basis, Zokuko and Kanuchibe who were required to work for government offices in the agricultural off-season, and Hakohe who offered a certain amount of products every year.
- また多数の作曲をして、ここで現在の箏曲の基本形が整った(一説には、箏曲の基本形の一つである「段もの」と呼ばれるいわゆる変奏曲に類似した形式は、八橋検校が何らかの形で洋楽、特にチェンバロの変奏曲に接触したことによって生まれたという)。
- He also composed lots of Soh music and the basic form of contemporary Soh music was established at the time (one theory is that Yatsuhashi Kengyo created one of the basic patterns of Soh music called 'danmono,' similar to a variation, when he came in contact in some way with western music, especially cembalo variations.
- 例えば全国に支配権を敷いていた武家政権の君主である征夷大将軍への就任も形式上は天皇の宣下によって行われることになっており、その権力者は天皇の権威を利用し、その政敵を朝敵(天皇の敵)などに指定させ、その統治権を正当化することが多かった。
- For example, the assumption of Seii Taishogun, who was the sovereign of samurai government which had supremacy throughout the country, was claimed to be granted by the Emperor in a form of Imperial proclamation, and most of the time, the man at power used the Emperor's authority to make a political opponent as choteki (enemy of the Emperor) to justify his right to rule.
- これらは、江戸時代初期の箏曲の形式である「組歌」「段物」のスタイルを取り入れたりするなど、復古的であると同時に、当時の流行音楽であった明清楽の音階を取り入れたり、非常に精緻で複雑な箏の高低二重奏であるなど、モダンな面も強く持っている。
- They have a reactionary aspect of taking in the styles of 'kumiuta' (koto suites of songs) and 'danmono' (most important type in shirabemono [the koto solo instrumental music]) and also modern aspects of taking in the scale of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that was popular at the time and employing a very precise and complicated koto duet at high and low pitches.
- 更に足利義満以後、将軍の親裁が強まり、管領や評定衆の発言力の強い評定よりも自らの主導権が発揮できる御前沙汰に審議の場を移し、形式的な評定始を行った後に改めて御前沙汰始を開いて年始最初の政務とするようになり、応仁の乱以後は全く形骸化した。
- Also, since Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's rein, the shogun decided on most state affairs by having discussions in gozensata (the formal consultation) where he could take the initiative, rather than in hyojo where kanrei and hyojoshu held too much influence against him, so gozensata-hajime (the first gozensata in the New Year) was held as the first work of State in the New Year after having a ritual hyojohajime, which only existed in name after the Onin war.
- さらに、市川猿之助 (3代目)は復活狂言を精力的に上演し、その中では一時的には蔑まれたケレンの要素を存分に復活させた(猿之助は、さらなる演劇形式としての歌舞伎を模索しスーパー歌舞伎と呼ばれる、より大胆な演出を強調した歌舞伎にも挑戦した)。
- And moreover, the third 'Ennosuke ICHIKAWA' energetically performed revived Kyogen, into which he fully reintroduced the factors of Keren that were once despised; Ennosuke sought to improve Kabuki as the theater, so he tried a much more boldly staged Kabuki, called Super Kabuki.
- 3つの形態に分かれた機構を共通にしようとすれば既に中央政府から派遣された官吏によって統治される形式が採られていた「府」・「県」とは違い、知藩事と藩士によって治められた「藩」の異質性・自主性が「三治一致」の最大の障害となることは明らかであった。
- In unifying three different systems, it was obvious that the different nature of 'han', which were governed by chihanji and hanshi unlike 'fu' and 'ken' that were governed by the government officials, became the biggest obstacle for 'sanchi-icchi'.
- その際、既に内地に施行されていた大日本帝国憲法(以下、単に「憲法」という)の効力がその後に統治権を取得した地域に対しても及ぶかという形式的な問題(具体的には、外地の立法につき憲法5条の規定により帝国議会の協賛が必要か否かという問題)が生じた。
- At that time, a formal question arose about whether the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (hereinafter referred to as 'the Constitution'), which had been enforced in the inland, could be applied to the regions where Japan acquired sovereignty after the enforcement of the Constitution (More specifically, the question is about whether the legislation of Gaichi needed the consent of the Imperial Diet in accordance with Article 5 of the Constitution).
- 一方『秋風の曲』は、白居易の詩「長恨歌」に取材、やはり江戸初期の楽曲形式である箏組歌と段物のスタイルによって作られた箏と歌のための曲で、そのために新たな箏の調弦法「秋風調子」を考案したが、当時流行していた明清楽の旋法が取り入れられているという。
- On the other hand, 'Akikaze no kyoku' (a song for the autumn wind), composed by researching the poem 'The Song of Everlasting Sorrow' by Bai Juyi, was a work for koto and song by the compositional style of koto kumiuta (koto suites of songs) and danmono (most important type in shirabemono (the koto solo instrumental music)) during the early Edo period and for this he invented a new method of tuning koto called 'Akikaze-joshi tuning' where he incorporated the mode of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) that had been popular in those days.
- 和与状はいずれの場合でも作成されたが、「贈与」の和与の場合には去状(避状)など他の文書形式も存在したことや鎌倉幕府が御家人の所領の安易な分散化を規制するために親族に対する悔返権の強化及び他人和与の禁止を行ったことで、現存する和与状は多くは無い。
- Though Wayojo was composed in either case, there were other forms of documents for a compromise in the sense of 'donation', such as a leave notice (eviction notice) and the Kamakura Shogunate reinforced the right to annul the transfer of property rights and banned Taninwayo in order to control shogunal retainers' careless decentralization of territories, so there are not many Wayojo existing.
- 武蔵墨書小判(むさしすみがきこばん/むさしぼくしょこばん)は「武蔵壹两光次(花押)」と墨書された駿河墨書小判と同形式の小判であり武蔵墨判(むさしすみばん)とも呼ばれ、楕円形のもので埋め金により量目調整されたものおよび、長楕円形の形状のものがある。
- Musashi Sumigaki Koban is also called Musashi Sumiban, the same style koban as Suruga Sumigaki Koban, which has 'Musashi Ichiryo Mitsutsugu (kao)' in ink, and it's shape is oval with adjusted ryome by filled metal or oblong.
- 享保豆板銀/正徳豆板銀(きょうほうまめいたぎん/しょうとくまめいたぎん)は享保丁銀(正徳丁銀)と同品位の豆板銀で、「(大黒像)、常是」または「常是、寳」の極印が打たれ、慶長丁銀慶長豆板銀と同形式であるが、平たい円形のものが多く変形したものは少ない。
- The karat of kyohomameita-gin and shotokumameita-gin was the same as that of kyoho-chogin (shotoku-chogin) where hallmark of '(daikokuzo), joze' or 'joze, ho'was inscribed and its style was the same as that of keicho-chogin keichomameita-gin, and many were flat and round with few numbers of deformed one.
- そのうち鎌倉、室町、徳川の各武家権力は、武力により政権を樹立し、源頼朝が確立したが、形式上朝廷から任ぜられる形で征夷大将軍の位に付く事で幕府を開き、封建制とも呼ばれる分権的な統治を行い、地方領主として地域の実効支配権を持つ武士の連合政権の形をとった。
- Of all administrations in the military government, each samurai authority of Kamakura, Muromachi, and Tokugawa were set up by force and could be traced back to the establishment by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo; he started the bakufu by arriving in power of seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in the form of being entrusted by the Imperial Court, achieved decentralized governance, called a 'feudal system,' and adopted a form of coalition government of samurai who held sway over their region as a local feudal lord.
- 前項の規定による公告(次項において「期間延長請求公告」という。)を行つた対象者は、その内容に形式上の不備があり、又は記載された内容が事実と相違していると認めたときは、その内容を訂正して、内閣府令で定めるところにより、公告し、又は公表しなければならない。
- The Subject Company who makes the public notice as provided for in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the 'Public Notice of Request for Period Extension' in the following paragraph) shall, if it finds any deficiencies in formalities or a statement that contravenes the actual facts therein, amend it and give public notice of or publicly announce it pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- ただ大芝居の役者がランク下の浜芝居に出るようになって芝居の品格が低下したり、有能な狂言作者が出ず、演目の内容が同じ種目の書き換えや浜芝居の人気狂言の上演、さらには趣向中心のレビュー形式の狂言になるなど独創性に欠けるなど、江戸歌舞伎との質の差が逆転する。
- However, the difference in quality with Edo Kabuki was reversed as actors of oshibai performed in lower-ranked hamashibai, decreasing the dignity of the plays, and capable Kabuki playwrights did not appear, which resulted in the rewriting of titles with same content and representation of popular plays of hamashibai, and originality was lacking as revue-style plays emphasized variety.
- 鎌倉幕府において初めての成文法形式の武家法である御成敗式目が定められ、以後室町幕府の建武式目、戦国大名の分国法、江戸幕府の武家諸法度及び諸藩の藩法に継承され、武家政権における日本全国の支配及び地方政権における領国内の封建体制と地域秩序の維持の基本となった。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was the first government to enforce the bukeho in the form of statutory law, the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), which was inherited by the Kenmu Code enforced by Muromachi bakufu, the bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) enforced by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period, and the Buke Shohatto (code for the warrior households) as well as the hanpo (code for regional domains) enforced during the time of the Edo bakufu; the bukeho thus became the prototype of codes for the military government to control the nation and for the regional administrations to maintain the feudal system and the regional order within their domains.
- 縄張の基本的な形式としては、曲輪を本丸・二の丸・三の丸と同心円状に配置する「輪郭式(りんかくしき)」、山や海川を背後におき(後堅固)本丸がその方向に寄っている「梯郭式(ていかくしき)」、尾根上などに独立した曲輪を連ねる「連郭式(れんかくしき)」などがある。
- The basic forms of nawabari (castle layouts) include the following: Rinkaku (contour) style, where the Kuruwa is positioned concentrically along the Honmaru (castle keep), the Ninomaru (second bailey) and the Sannomaru (outer part of the castle); Teikaku style, where the Honmaru is positioned closer to a mountain, sea or river (ushiro-kengo), the central compound is positioned adjacent to the castle walls, and additional compounds are positioned around the Honmaru; and Renkaku style, where independent Kuruwa are placed in a row along the ridges.
- 天皇や太上天皇・太上法皇(いわゆる治天の君)の意思あるいは公卿の会議「陣定」の結果を統裁・決定した事項は、蔵人から支持の伝達を受けた上卿(陣定の首席大臣)が陣定において発する口頭形式による命令(宣)を通じて、弁官・外記の手によって文書化されて相手に通達される。
- The emperor or the emperor Daijo/Cloistered emperor Daijo (the so called Chiten no kimi)'s intentions, or the results matters of the Court noble's meeting 'Jin no sadame' that had been governed and decided were issued in Jin no sadame by Shokei (the leading minister) receiving the notification of the instructions from Kurodo (imperial archives keeper) issued the command in the oral format, and were documented by benkan (Oversight Department:division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) and gaiki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) and notified to the targeted people.
- 書式は漢文体真書体で、まず「左弁官下(くだす)」という書出(「右弁官下文」であれば、「右弁官下」となる)から始まり、その下に宛所(「○○国」・「○○寺」とのみ記される)が書かれ、続いて次行に「応~事」という形式の事書(文書の主旨)を書いた後に官宣旨本文が記される。
- Text is given in shinsho-tai style of classical Chinese, is opened by an expression 'sakan kudasu' ('ukan kudasu' if it is an edict made by the ubenkan), then is followed by an address (only names of province and temple are noted), then by a header (a summary of the text) in the next line and finally by the text.
- 大広間形式の寝殿造りの、内部空間を間仕切る建具の発明は、マルチパーパスの大きな内部空間から、特定の機能目的を備えた少空間への分離独立へ展開していく、大きな契機であり、寝殿造りの住宅の公と私の明確な分離に基づく、住まい方の変化をもたらした重大な建築様式の革新であった。
- The invention of fittings which separate room of Shinden-zukuri in the style of a large hall was a big momentum of the development from a large space with multipurpose to small spaces with specific purposes and a significant innovation of architecture style which changed the style of living based on the separation between public and private in Shinden-zukuri residence.
- 慶長期は銀座 (歴史)へ年間16,000貫程度の寄銀があったのに対し、日本国内の産銀が減少した後の元禄7年(1694年)には銀座に納入された灰吹銀が1,973貫、買灰吹銀3,297の計5,090貫程度となっており、形式が規格化された後期のほうが産銀量に伴い現存数が少ない。
- In Keicho era (1596-1615), 16,000 kan (unit of weight) of silver was contributed to ginza (history)(organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during Edo period), but in 1694 when silver production in Japan was reduced, total cupellated silver contributed to ginza was 5,090 kan in total including 1,973 kan of kogi (shogunate) cupellated silver and 3,297 kan of kai (buying) cupellated silver from feudal lords, and in the latter period when the form was regulated,.the remaining amount of silver declined in accordance with the production amount.
- 届出が届出書の記載事項に不備がないこと、届出書に必要な書類が添付されていることその他の法令に定められた届出の形式上の要件に適合している場合は、当該届出が法令により当該届出の提出先とされている機関の事務所に到達したときに、当該届出をすべき手続上の義務が履行されたものとする。
- Where Notifications conform to requirements that the entries of written notification be completed and the written notification be attached by necessary documents, and to other pro forma requirements provided by laws and regulations, procedural obligations for filing the Notification in question shall be performed upon its arrival at the office of the organ designated by laws and regulations to receive the Notification in question.
- 行政機関の長は、開示請求書に形式上の不備があると認めるときは、開示請求をした者(以下「開示請求者」という。)に対し、相当の期間を定めて、その補正を求めることができる。この場合において、行政機関の長は、開示請求者に対し、補正の参考となる情報を提供するよう努めなければならない。
- When the head of an Administrative Organ finds that there is a deficiency in the form of the Written Disclosure Request, he or she may, by setting a reasonable period of time, ask the person having made the Disclosure Request (hereinafter referred to as the 'Disclosure Requester') to amend the request. In this case, the head of the Administrative Organ shall endeavor to provide the Disclosure Requester with information that will be helpful in the amendment.
- When the head of an Administrative Organ finds that there is a deficiency in the form of the Written Disclosure Request, he or she may, setting a reasonable period of time, ask the person having made the Disclosure Request (hereinafter referred to as the 'Disclosure Requester.') to amend the request. In this case, the head of the Administrative Organ shall endeavor to provide the Disclosure Requester with information that will be helpful in the amendment.
- 文徳天皇即位から後一条天皇の万寿2年(1025年)に至るまで14代176年間の宮廷の歴史を、藤原北家、ことに藤原道長の栄華を軸にして、大宅世継(190歳)と夏山繁樹(180歳)という長命な二人の老人が雲林院の菩提講で語り合い、それを若侍が批評するという対話形式で書かれている。
- It describes 176 years of the Imperial Court's history, the reigns of 14 emperors from Emperor Montoku's ascension up to 1025 and the reign of Emperor Go-ichijo, with the prosperity of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and especially the glory of Michinaga FUJIWARA as its core, being written in the style of a dialogue between two extremely old men, 190-year-old OYAKE no Yotsugi and 180-year-old NATSUYAMA no Shigeki, with the criticisms of a young samurai, taking place at the enlightenment sermons (bodaiko) held at the Urinin.
- 紙(まれに絹)を横方向に順次つないで、水平方向に長大な紙面を作り、終端に巻き軸をつけ、収納時には軸を中心にして巻き収めることができるようにした装丁形式を「巻子装」(かんすそう)と言い、このような装丁で作られた書物、経典、絵画作品などを「巻子本」、より一般的には「巻物」という。
- Kansuso' (a hand scroll or horizontal scroll) means a binding style of a horizontally long sized scroll of paper (or silk cloths on rare occasions) made up of many rectangular sheets connected side by side in lateral direction, and equipped with a roller on one end of the sheet to wind the whole sheet up on it to store the scroll, and we call various documents, Buddhist sutras, and other paintings, which are made up in this kansuso method of binding, as 'kansubon' or more generally 'makimono.'
- 形式上のみとはいえ、太政官よりも上位とされた神祇官に対して、太政官の1機関に格下げられた神祇省は一見すると地位が低下したようにも見受けられるが、実際には大教宣布の理念に基づいた天皇による祭政一致、ひいては神道の国家宗教化を目指す方針のために政府の関与を強めるためのものであった。
- The Department of Divinities had been considered superior, at least pro forma, to the daijokan (the Grand Council of State), and hence by the comparison the Ministry of Divinities may seem to have suffered a demotion given the fact that it was created as one arm of and under the daijokan, but in actuality Japan, under the principles laid out in the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto, had embraced a theocratic form of government (saisei itchi, or 'the unity of church and state') under the Emperor; consequently, the Ministry of Divinities had been created to strengthen the government's ability to participate in religious matters in order to achieve the objective of making Shinto the national religion of Japan.
- 副葬品として出土する甲には2代形式があり、「短甲」の呼称は奈良時代の文献である『東大寺献物帳』(天平勝宝8歳・756年)や『延喜式』などの文献において「短甲」と「挂甲」の記述や見られるため、明治期の考古学や歴史学において歩兵用と騎馬兵用に対応するとして「短甲」の名称が当てられた。
- The Ko (armor) unearthed as burial goods have 2 forms, and the name 'Tanko' was applied corresponding to armors for foot soldiers and cavalrymen in archaeology or historical science of Meiji era because 'Tanko' and 'Keiko (lacquered armor for ceremony)' appeared in the document of Nara period 'Todai-ji Temple Kenmotsu-cho (Lists of Treasures dedicated to Temples)'(in 756) and 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers).
- また、格に関しても中国では唐の滅亡後は官人資格などを定めた限定的な法律に縮小されていくのに対して、日本では養老律令以後新規の律令が全く作られなくなったために格の占める比率が高くなり、律令による規定そのものを否定する法令(例墾田永年私財法)さえも格の形式によって出されるようになった。
- As for Kyaku, too, as opposed to China, where after the fall of the Tung dynasty, it had diminished into restrictive law which stated the qualifications for government officials, the share of Kyaku became high since not one new Ritsuryo code were made at all from the Yoro Ritsuryo code in Japan, and even laws and ordinances (for example, 'konden einen shizai ho', the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land) which denied the rules by the Ritsuryo codes were passed in the form of Kyaku.
- 弁官は改めて写本を作成し、その内容の実施を命じる太政官符を添付、地方に対しては勅旨をそのまま太政官符化した騰勅符の形式で施行することになっていた(なお、公式令には緊急時などに太政官での手続きを省略して中務省符で出す略式の勅旨の規定も存在するが、現存の記録では実施が確認できていない)。
- Benkan would re-create a manuscript, attach a Daijokanpu (the official document of the Daijokan) that ordered the implementation of the contents, and for local regions, an imperial order would be implemented by dispatching the Daijokanpu on a post-horse (In addition, there is also a regulation in the Kushiki-ryo for an informal imperial order given with a Nakatsukasashopu [the official document of Ministry of Central Affairs] by omitting the procedures at the Dajokan in an emergency).
- まず、1882年(明治15年)から3年間、前年度(1881年/明治14年)の歳出額で据え置くこと、その一方で煙草税・酒造税などの増税を行い、そこから生み出された歳入の余剰分を2分割して半分を紙幣消却に、もう半分を正貨形式で保有して、然るべき兌換紙幣への切替時の準備金とすることとした。
- First, he proposed that the government held the expenditures expected during the three years starting in 1882 at the level of the previous year (1881), and that at the same time it raised taxes on cigarettes and brewery and evenly divided the excess of revenue from those taxes so that it could spend half of the excess on the incineration of paper money and hold the other half in the form of specie to keep as reserves for the future when it would be converted into convertible paper money.
- 鉄砲の伝来は、初期の火縄銃の形式が東南アジアの加圧式火鋏を持った鳥銃に似ている事や東南アジアにおいても先行して火縄銃が使われていた事などから、種子島への鉄砲伝来に代表されるようなヨーロッパ経由でなく倭寇などの密貿易によって東南アジア方面から持ち込まれたとする説がある(宇田川武久説)。
- Based on the facts that the mechanism of early matchlock guns is similar to that of the choju (guns for bird hunting) of Southeast Asia with a pressurized serpentine arm and the use of matchlock guns in Southeast Asia preceded to use in Japan, some researchers (such as Takehisa UDAGAWA) argue that matchlock guns were introduced into Japan not via Europe, as typified by the introduction of firearms to Tanegashima Island, but through illicit trades with Southeast Asia by wako.
- 前者(「神がかり系」)においては古来の神がかりや託宣の儀式の形式に則って回っては回り返すという動作を繰り返しながら舞うことなどでその身を清めてからその身に神を降すという、その古態を残すところもあるが、現在では優雅な神楽歌にあわせた舞の優美さを重んじた後者(「八乙女系」)がほとんどである。
- Although some traces of ancient style dancing still remain, where shrine maidens whirl back and forth in accordance with traditional ritual rules to cleanse their bodies before being possessed to receive oracles from the gods, modern-style dances (such as the Yaotomemai) that emphasize the elegance of the dancing with graceful chanting of Kagurauta songs are dominant today.
- 新田一郎 (法学者)は頼朝以来の先例や武家社会の道理を記した部分、特に律令法・公家法と相違・対立する部分の多くは直接条文としては盛り込まれず、細目や例外事項などの形式によって触れられており、一方で条文本文に記されている幕府関係以外の事項の多くは鎌倉時代初期の公家法に依拠する部分が多いとする。
- According to Ichiro NITTA (legal expert), the part which wrote about the precedents since the time of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society and especially most of the part which opposed to Ritsuryo law and kugeho were not included in the articles, but were only mentioned in the forms of details and exceptions, while most of the matters not related to bakufu in the articles were based on the kugeho in the early Kamakura period.
- 公開買付開始公告(前条第二項又は第三項の規定による公告及び同項の規定による公表を含む。次項において同じ。)を行つた公開買付者は、その内容に形式上の不備があり、又は記載された内容が事実と相違していると認めたときは、その内容を訂正して、内閣府令で定めるところにより、公告し、又は公表しなければならない。
- A Tender Offeror who makes a Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer (including public notice given under paragraph (2) or (3) of the preceding Article and public announcement made under Article 27-6 (3); the same shall apply in the following paragraph) shall, if he/she finds any deficiencies in formalities or a statement that contravenes the actual facts in the Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer, amend it and give public notice of or publicly announce it pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- 11宮家51名の皇籍離脱は、法形式上は現行の皇室典範11条「その意思に基き、皇室会議の議により」若しくは同14条「その意思により」又は同13条「皇族の身分を離れる親王又は王の妃並びに直系卑属及びその妃は、他の皇族と婚姻した女子及びその直系卑属を除き、同時に皇族の身分を離れる」によってそれぞれ行なわれた。
- 51 members of 11 Miyake left in accordance with the current Imperial Family Law, Clause 11, 'Due to Imperial member's will or due to the decision of the Imperial Household Council', or Clause 14 of the same law, 'Due to Imperial member's will' or Clause 13, 'the Imperial Princes or their Princesses or other lineal descendants and their Empresses should leave their position as Imperial members, excluding female members who married into other Imperial Families or their lineal descendants.'
- なお、資料によってはこの勅諭の末尾に「御名御璽」と表記しているものがあるが、この勅諭は明治天皇の署名(印刷物等に表記する場合は「御名」)のみで御璽を捺さずに陸海軍に直接下賜する形式を採った(軍内部には「明治15年陸軍省達乙第2号」として陸軍大臣から布達された)ため、印刷物の場合は「御名」のみ表記されるのが正確である。
- By the way, although some materials show this imperial rescript with letters of 'Onna (name) gyoji (imperial seal)' at the end, Emperor Meiji signed the rescript without putting gyoji ('Onna' was written on prints) and gave it directly to the Army and the Navy (It was notified by Minister of Army to the members of the Ministry as 'Meiji 15, Ministry of Army, Otsu No.2'), and therefore, to be exact only 'onna' was inscribed on prints.
- そのために試験も次第に形式的なものとなり、天元 (日本)2年(979年)に方略試を受けた大江匡衡は、事前に出題博士であった菅原文時から問題の出題箇所の通告を受けた(『江談抄』)とされ、更には11世紀に入ると十上制(一定回数試験を受けても合格できなかった者に対して特別に合格を認める制度)さえ導入されるようになっていった。
- Following this, the examination gradually became superficial: it is said ('Godansho' (an ancient journal)) that OE no Masahira, who took the horyakushi exam in 979, had been informed what would be on the exam from his examiner, SUGAWARA no Fumitoki, while in the 11th century, even the jujo system (a system in which those who could not pass the exam after taking it a certain number of times would be granted special acceptance) was introduced.
- 駿河墨書小判(するがすみがきこばん/するがぼくしょこばん)は天正大判と類似の槌目(つちめ)で大判と同形式の楕円形の小判であり「駿河京目壹两(花押)」と墨書され、京目一両小判(きょうめいちりょうこばん)あるいは駿河墨判(するがすみばん)とも呼ばれ、家康が天正年間に駿河国に移ってから鋳造させた領国貨幣との説があるが定かでない。
- Suruga Sumigaki Koban consists of a large-sized old Japanese gold coin with hammer tone resembling Tensho-Oban and a oval koban with the same style as Oban,having written 'Suruga kyoumoku ichiryo (kao)' in ink, called Kyoume Ichiryo Koban or Suruga Sumiban, and a theory has it that it was daimyos' own territory currency Ieyasu ordered to cast after he moved to Suruga Province in Tensho era, however, which is not clear.
- これが中世期から近世期にかけて、さまざまな芸が体系化され伝授の形式を整えてゆくにつれて、単に芸能、技芸の体系というにとどまらず、それをめぐる思想や哲学的背景、さらに修行や日常生活の場においてこうした形而上的な問題をいかに生かし、みずからの芸を高めてゆくかという問題が含められてゆくようになって成立したのが、芸道という観念である。
- When various arts became systematized from the middle ages to the early modern period, it started to take on more meanings, not simply meaning system of performing arts and techniques, but also including ideas and philosophical backgrounds of arts, and the issue of how these metaphysical problems could be used in ascetic practice and daily life to heighten one's own art, leading to the establishment of the concept of geido.
- こうした自検断権の裏づけとなる軍事警察力の保証としての武器の保有も、建前上は刀狩以降放棄した形式をとり、百姓身分の者は身分表象としての帯刀を放棄することでそれを示していたが、実際は個々の村には膨大な数の刀槍、鉄砲が神仏への献納物、あるいは害獣駆除の名目で備蓄されており、明治維新以降も国家権力はあからさまにこれに手をつけられない状態であった。
- After the Sword Hunt, keeping arms that supported the right to judge criminal cases as a safeguard military police power had the form of waiving the right and people in a farming rank showed their waiver by not wearing a sword, their rank symbol, but actually an individual community had big stockpiles of swords, spears, and guns under the pretext of dedicating things to Shinto and Buddhist deities or the extermination of harmful animals and the governmental powers could not openly touch them even after the Meiji Restoration.
- 近代においてもこの形式が踏襲されているが、色目は自由度が増して、昭和天皇の皇女の細長は各種の重ねで調進されており、戦後も清子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に白松唐草の上紋の二重織物、眞子内親王のそれは紅亀甲地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝を織った二重織物、愛子内親王のそれは紅三重襷地に複数の色糸で白菊折枝の丸(中倍薄紅裏萌黄)を織った二重織物となっている。
- Although this form is followed even in the modern times, the degree of freedom on irome (color combinations) has increased and the Emperor Showa's daughters' hosonaga are ordered with many kasane (a sort of layered garment), and also after the war, that of Princess Sugako is of double fabrics of arabesque pattern of white pine upper design on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Mako is of double fabrics with a white chrysanthemum on a branch woven with plural colored threads on red hexagonal pattern base, and that of Princess Aiko is of double fabrics of circles of white chrysanthemums on a branch (usu kurenai for nakabe, moegi for ura (background), a combination of colors) woven with plural colored threads on kurenai mie tasukiji (a sort of pattern) background.
- 3代将軍足利義満の時代には幕府組織の再編が進み一時御前沙汰は行われなくなるが、出家していた元管領細川頼之を幕府に呼び戻す際に、幕府役職になかった頼之を幕府の政策決定に関与させるために正式な評定ではなく、出席者の人選に決まりが無く主宰者である将軍の意向が反映しやすい非公式な評定である御前沙汰の形式で評定を行って幕府の政策に関する重要決定を行った。
- In the tenure of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the bakufu was substantially reorganized and gozen-sata ceased once, but the shogun began holding consultations in the informal style of gozen-sata for making bakufu's important policy decisions for the purpose of having the former shogunal deputy Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had entered the priesthood and had been out of bakufu office, participate in the bakufu's policy-making when the shogun sought to bring him back to bakufu -- because gozen-sata was not a formal consultation, the members of which were selected mostly at the discretion of shogun, the head of the consultation.
- 公開買付届出書(その訂正届出書を含む。以下この条において同じ。)を提出した公開買付者は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、当該公開買付届出書に形式上の不備があり、記載された内容が事実と相違し、又はそれに記載すべき事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な事実の記載が不十分であり、若しくは欠けていると認めたときは、訂正届出書を内閣総理大臣に提出しなければならない。
- A Tender Offeror who has submitted a Tender Offer Notification (including amendment submitted therefor; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) shall, when he/she finds that the Tender Offer Notification contains deficiencies in formalities or a statement that contravenes the actual facts, or contains only an insufficient statement, or entirely lacks a statement on a material fact that should be stated or is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, submit an amendment to the Prime Minister, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- 以降は、戦前期に戸野琢磨は専門雑誌に2度に渡って特集を組んで紹介に努め、戦後は例えば丹下健三が1959年に香川県庁舎の石庭を生み出し、彫刻家イサム・ノグチも1956年から1959年にかけて作庭したパリ・ユネスコ会館の庭園や1961年から1964年にかけて作庭したチェイスマンハッタン銀行中庭、カルフォルニア・シナリオなど、枯山水形式を採り入れた庭を生み出している。
- During the prewar days, Takuma TONO twice tried to introduce special issues in a journal of landscape gardening, after the war, for instance in 1959, Kenzo TANGE created a rock garden in the Kagawa Prefecture Public Office Building, and the sculptor Isamu NOGUCHI also created a garden inside the Paris UNESCO Hall from 1956 to 1959, a courtyard inside the Chase Manhattan Bank from 1961 to 1964, California Scenario and others using the dry landscape style.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第五条第一項及び第六項若しくは第七条の規定による届出書類に形式上の不備があり、又はその書類に記載すべき重要な事項の記載が不十分であると認めるときは、届出者に対し、訂正届出書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister finds any deficiencies in formalities in the statement set forth in Article 5(1) and other documents set forth in Article 5(6) or Article 7, or finds insufficiency of the statements on important matters to be stated therein, he/she may order the person submitting them to submit an amendment. In this case, a hearing shall be held irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements of opinion under Article 13(1) of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993).
- ここにおいて大久保も事の重大さを認識して、吉井や鹿児島市滞在中の西郷隆盛ら薩摩藩出身者と相談した上で大久保個人による形式で薩摩藩への建白書を提出して「皇国(日本)の安危興亡」を救うために「御国(薩摩藩)」が身を犠牲にすることで「天下に大義を唱える」ことが可能となることを論じて、直ちに贋貨鋳造を取りやめて事実を明らかにすることで、薩摩藩が他藩に対して優位に立てると主張したのである。
- Here, OKUBO became aware of the importance of the matter, and after consulting people from the Satsuma Domain such as YOSHII and Takamori SAIGO who was staying in Kagoshima City, OKUBO presented a petition individually, arguing that when 'your domain (the Satsuma Domain)' sacrifices its life to save the 'empire's (Japan) crisis,' then it becomes possible to 'preach the justice to the world' and he also insisted that by stopping the coining of counterfeit money and revealing the truth, the Satsuma Domain would be able to have an advantage over other domains.
- これは、当時の武士(特に御家人)が巻き込まれ易かったのは、地頭として治める荘園における荘園領主である公家との揉め事であり、こうした揉め事から武士を救うには公家法を中心に動いていた当時の法秩序の概要を平易に説いて理解させ、武家社会との調和を図るために御成敗式目は制定されたもので、武家法の体系化や武家法に基づく新秩序形成を目的としたわけではなく、少なくても公家法の存在を前提とし、かつ形式的な模範・素材であったとしている。
- Samurai (especially shogunal retainers) at that time were easily involved in problems with court nobles who were lords of private estates where they (samurai) worked as jito; Goseibai-shikimoku was established in order to save samurai from such problems by making them understand the summary of legal order of the time centered in the kugeho and by working in harmony with the samurai society, therefore the reason was not to systemize the bukeho or to make a new order of law based on the bukeho; the kugeho was said to be still the base and was regarded as a formal model and material.
- 行政庁は、申請がその事務所に到達したときは遅滞なく当該申請の審査を開始しなければならず、かつ、申請書の記載事項に不備がないこと、申請書に必要な書類が添付されていること、申請をすることができる期間内にされたものであることその他の法令に定められた申請の形式上の要件に適合しない申請については、速やかに、申請をした者(以下「申請者」という。)に対し相当の期間を定めて当該申請の補正を求め、又は当該申請により求められた許認可等を拒否しなければならない。
- Upon the arrival of an Application at the offices of an administrative agency, the agency shall commence its review of the Application without delay, and unless an Application conforms to requirements that the entries of the written application be completed, that the written application be attached by necessary documents, that the Application be filed within a specified period of time, or to other pro forma requirements provided by laws and regulations, the agency shall promptly either request the persons who filed the Application (hereinafter referred to as 'applicants') to amend the Application, specifying considerable period of time to make such amendment, or refuse the permission, etc. sought by the Application.
- 法第百六十条(口頭弁論調書)及び第六十六条から前条まで(口頭弁論調書の形式的記載事項、口頭弁論調書の実質的記載事項、調書の記載に代わる録音テープ等への記録、書面等の引用添付、陳述の速記、速記録の作成、速記録の引用添付、速記原本の引用添付、速記原本の反訳等、速記原本の訳読、口頭弁論における陳述の録音及び法廷における写真の撮影等の制限)の規定は、裁判所の審尋及び口頭弁論の期日外に行う証拠調べ並びに受命裁判官又は受託裁判官が行う手続について準用する。
- The provision of Article 160 (Record of Oral Argument) of the Code and the provisions of Article 66 to the preceding Article (Formal Matters to be Stated in Record of Oral Argument; Substantial Matters to be Stated in Record of Oral Argument; Recording onto Audio Tape, etc. in Lieu of Statement in Record of Oral Argument; Citation and Attachment of Document, etc.; Stenography of Statements; Preparation of Stenographic Record; Citation and Attachment of Stenographic Record; Citation and Attachment of Stenographic Notes; Transcription of Stenographic Notes, etc.; Oral Translation of Stenographic Notes; Recording of Statements in Oral Argument; Restriction on Taking of Photographs, etc. in Court) shall apply mutatis mutandis to an interrogation by the court, an examination of evidence conducted outside the date for oral argument, and proceedings conducted by an authorized judge or a commissioned judge.
- 内閣総理大臣は、発行登録書(当該発行登録書に係る参照書類を含む。)及びその添付書類若しくは第二十三条の四の規定による訂正発行登録書(当該訂正発行登録書に係る参照書類を含む。)に形式上の不備があり、又はこれらの書類に記載すべき重要な事項の記載が不十分であると認めるときは、これらの書類の提出者に対し、訂正発行登録書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister finds any deficiencies in formalities in a Shelf Registration Statement (including Reference Documents referenced therein) or the documents attached thereto, or an Amended Shelf Registration Statement submitted under Article 23-4 (including Reference Documents referenced therein), or finds insufficiency of a statement on important matters to be stated in these documents, he/she may order the person submitting these documents to submit an Amended Shelf Registration Statement. In this case, a hearing shall be held irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements of opinion under Article 13(1) of the Administrative Procedure Act.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第五十二条の二第一項、第五十二条の三第一項若 しくは第三項又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により提出書類の提出を受けた場合において、当該提出書類に形式上の不備があり、又は当該提出書類に記載 すべき事項のうち重要なものの記載が不十分であると認めるときは、当該提出書類の提出をした者に対し、訂正報告書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合に おいては、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項(不利益処分をしようとする場合の手続)の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわ らず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- In the case where Documents Required have been submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 52-2(1), Article 52-3(1) or (3) or paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article, the Prime Minister may, when he/she finds that there is a deficiency in form in that Documents Required or that the statement of the important matters states insufficiently matters that should be stated in that Documents Required, order the person who has submitted that Documents Required to submit a correction report. In this case, a hearing shall be carried out irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements under Article 13(1) (Procedures Prerequisite for Adverse Dispositions) of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993).
- 内閣総理大臣は、 第五十二条の二の十一第一項、第五十二条の三第一項若しくは第三項又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により提出書類の提出を受けた場合において、当該提 出書類に形式上の不備があり、又は当該提出書類に記載すべき事項のうち重要なものの記載が不十分であると認めるときは、当該提出書類の提出をした者に対し、訂正報告書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項(不利益処分をしようとする場合の手続)の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- In the case where Required Documents have been submitted pursuant to the provisions of Article 52-2-11, paragraph (1), Article 52-3, paragraph (1) or (3) or paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article, the Prime Minister may, when he/she finds that there is a deficiency in form in those Required Documents or that the statement of the important matters states insufficiently matters that should be stated in those Required Documents, order the person who has submitted those Required Documents to submit a amendment report. In this case, a hearing shall be carried out irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements under Article 13, paragraph (1) (Procedures Prerequisite for Adverse Dispositions) of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993).
- その理由として、江戸時代に入って徳川綱吉によって諸国鉄砲改めによる百姓の狩猟及び銃の原則所持禁止、銃器の移動制限がなされたことや、鎖国の影響による技術進歩の停滞という通説、フリントロック式は火縄式に比べ強力なバネが装着されており、撃鉄作動時の衝撃が大きく、引金を引いてから一瞬遅れて装薬に着火する機構のため銃身がぶれ、火縄銃に比べ命中率が悪く「一発必中」を好む日本人から嫌われたらしいことのほかに、日本では良質の火打石が産出せず大量生産ができなかったこと、またおそらくはすべての武術と同じく鉄炮術も一種の競技的な要素を含んで流派形式で継承されたため、その結果必然的に器具類の改変は避けられた、という要素も大きかった。
- The reasons for this follow; in the Edo period Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA prohibited hunting and the possession of a gun by farmers in principle; that the transfer of a gun was limited; that, commonly believed, the technological advance of guns stagnated from the influence of the exclusion of foreigners (national isolation); that a flintlock gun (flintlock system) had a stronger spring than a hinawaju and when the gunlock operating the impact was big and after trigger was pulled, the ignition mechanism for the explosive charge momentarily wavered and the accuracy of fire was bad and thus Japanese who liked to 'ippatsu hicchu' (hit with one shot), disliked the flintlock gun; that good quality flints could not be found in Japan and could not be mass-produced; and that, as a big factor, the art of gun was inherited probably in the form of a school-style gun for competitions like all the martial arts and as a result, the improvement of the weapon was necessarily avoided.