弓: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 弓
- bow (and arrow)
- unit of distance to an archery target (approx. six feet)
- unit of distance for land surveying (approx. eight feet)
- bow (and arrow; esp. of a noble)
- bow (for a violin, etc.)
- Kyuu
- Kyuuji
- Hiroshi
- Yuge
- Yumi
- arcus
- bow (archery, violin)
- Bows
- 梓弓
- catalpa bow
- spirit bow
- bow used to summon spirits, made of Japanese cherry birch, catalpa, or other wood
- Azusayumi
- Azumi
- 椎弓
- vertebral arch
- arcus vertebrae
- 弓射
- Yumiire/Kyusha ceremonial shooting
- 和弓
- Japanese bow
- Wakyu (Japanese bow)
- Yumi
- 弾弓
- Dankyu (longbow made of bamboo)
- 弓削
- Kyuusaku
- Yuuge
- Yuke
- Yuge
- Yuzuri
- Yumi
- Yumikezuri
- Yumikedzuri
- Yumisa
- Yumisaku
- 弓月
- Yuzuki
- Yutsuki
- Yudzuki
- Yumidzuki
- 弓掛
- Yugake
- Yumikake
- Yumigake
- 弓桁
- Yugeta
- Yumigeta
- Yumitake
- 弓狩
- Yukari
- Yugari
- Yumikari
- Yumigari
- 弓指
- Yusa
- Yumisashi
- Yumiyubi
- 石弓
- crossbow (inc. large models operated by a number of people)
- netted apparatus atop a wall containing large stones, which were dropped onto attackers by cutting the net
- slingshot
- catapult
- Chinese crossbow
- 真弓
- Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus sieboldianus)
- Mayu
- Mayumi
- 月弓
- nickname for the moon
- Tsukuyomi (god of the moon in Shinto and mythology)
- 胡弓
- kokyu (3 or 4-stringed bowed Japanese musical instrument)
- any Oriental string instrument played with a bow
- Koyumi
- Kokyu (a stringed instrument)
- Kokyū
- 鼓弓
- kokyu (3 or 4-stringed bowed Japanese musical instrument)
- any Oriental string instrument played with a bow
- Koyumi
- 賭弓
- prize archery
- imperial archery event held annually on the 18th day of the first lunar month (Heian period)
- 脳弓
- fornix (of the brain)
- fornix cerebri
- fornices
- brain fornix
- 鰓弓
- branchial arch
- gill arch
- pharyngeal arch
- 洋弓
- Western-style archery
- Western-style bow
- Yokyu (Western-style bow)
- 綿弓
- tool for willowing cotton
- 揚弓
- small toy bow that can be shot while sitting, popular in the Edo period
- 楊弓
- small toy bow that can be shot while sitting, popular in the Edo period
- Yokyu
- 弓形
- arched
- crescent-shaped
- bow-shaped
- segment
- arcuate
- 弓懸
- archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)
- 弓弦
- bowstring
- Yuzuri
- Yuzuru
- Yudzuri
- Yudzuru
- Yumizuru
- 弓具
- things used in archery
- 運弓
- bowing (of a stringed instrument)
- 弓手
- one's left hand
- Yumite
- 弓矢
- bow and arrow
- Yumiya
- bow and arrows
- Yumiya (bow and arrow)
- Bow and arrow:
- Bows
- 弓道
- archery
- Yudou
- Kyudo (Japanese art of archery)
- Kyūdō
- 弓馬
- archery and horsemanship
- Yumima
- 弓偏
- kanji 'bow' radical at left
- Yayoi
- 弓術
- archery
- marksmanship
- Kyujutsu
- 弓場
- archery ground
- archery gallery
- Kyuuba
- Komiba
- Yuba
- Yumijou
- Yumiba
- Yunba
- 弓状
- bow-shaped
- arched
- arcuate
- 弓勢
- strength needed to pull back a bow
- Yumise
- 弓張
- stringing a bow
- person who strings bows
- crescent moon
- paper lantern with a bow-shaped handle
- Yumihari
- 歯槽弓
- alveolar arch
- arcus alveolaris
- 動脈弓
- aortic arch
- arterial arch
- 頬骨弓
- zygomatic arch
- arcus zygomaticus
- 弓道場
- Kyudojo (practice hall)
- Kyudo dojo
- Kyudojo (a training hall of archery)
- Japanese archery court
- 弓状核
- arcuate nucleus
- arcuate nuclei
- 弓状線
- arcuate line
- linea arcuata
- 弓の芸
- Accomplishments of bow
- 複合弓
- The compound bow
- Composite bow
- 弓月光
- Yudzuki Hikaru (h) (1949.12.5-)
- 弓恵子
- Yumi Keiko (h) (1940.10.22-)
- 弓三郎
- Kyuusaburou
- Kyuuzaburou
- 弓三朗
- Kyuusaburou
- Kyuuzaburou
- 弓削町
- Yuugechou
- Yugechou
- Yugemachi
- 小真弓
- spindle tree
- euonymus alatus f. ciliatodentatus
- 単弓類
- synapsids
- theropsids
- mammal-like reptiles
- 単弓綱
- Synapsida (class of amniotes)
- 上げ弓
- up-bow (technique used when playing a string instrument)
- 獣弓類
- therapsids
- Therapsida
- 弓籠手
- archer's bracer
- archer's armguard
- 獣弓目
- Therapsida (order of advanced synapsids)
- Therapsids
- 竜弓類
- Sauropsida (branch of amniotes that includes reptiles, birds and non-avian dinosaurs)
- 破魔弓
- bow used to drive off evil
- toy bow and arrow
- Hama Yumi
- 楊弓店
- toy bow archery range (sometimes front for a brothel)
- 楊弓場
- archery range (sometimes a front for a brothel)
- 弓懸け
- archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)
- 弓作成
- bowyery
- bow making
- bowcraft
- 弓掛け
- archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)
- 弓取式
- bow-twirling ceremony at the end of a day of sumo wrestling
- 下げ弓
- down-bow (technique used when playing a string instrument)
- 運弓法
- bowing (of a stringed instrument)
- 弓引く
- to bend a bow
- to shoot an arrow
- to rise up against
- to rebel against
- 弓張り
- stringing a bow
- person who strings bows
- crescent moon
- paper lantern with a bow-shaped handle
- 椎弓骨折
- vertebral arch fracture
- 胡弓演奏
- Chinese fiddle music performance
- 奇静脈弓
- arch of azygos vein
- arcus venae azygos
- azygos arch
- 下歯列弓
- inferior dental arch
- arcus dentalis inferior
- 反弓緊張
- opisthotonus
- opisthotonos
- 椎弓切除
- laminectomy
- laminectomize
- 大動脈弓
- aortic arch
- arch of aorta
- 後弓反張
- opisthotonus
- opisthotonos
- 木村弓美
- Kimura Yumi (h) (1956.4.14-)
- 弓状隆起
- arcuate eminence
- eminentia arcuata
- 弓矢の的
- Target for bow and arrow
- 御弓始め
- Oyumi-hajime (Honorable First Bow)
- 鰓弓動脈
- branchial arch artery
- 弓削神社
- Yuge Shrine
- Yuge-jinja Shrine
- 弓場沙織
- Yumiba Saori (h) (1977.11.25-)
- 弓削智久
- Yuge Tomohisa (h) (1980.5.25-)
- Tomohisa Yuge
- 弓削道鏡
- Yugenodoukyou
- YUGE no Dokyo
- 双弓亜綱
- Diapsida (class of amniotes)
- 弓矢神道
- Yumiya Shinto (Edo-period sect of Yoshida Shinto)
- 弓を引く
- to draw a bow
- to oppose
- to defy
- to disobey one's superiors
- Yumi wo hiku (pulling a bow string)
- To draw a bow:
- 弓取り式
- bow-twirling ceremony at the end of a day of sumo wrestling
- Yumitorishiki (bow-twirling ceremony at the end of a day of sumo wrestling)
- 弓馬槍剣
- archery, horsemanship, spearsmanship, and swordsmanship
- martial arts in general
- 弓馬刀槍
- archery, horsemanship, spearsmanship, and swordsmanship
- martial arts in general
- 弓張提灯
- paper lantern with bow-shaped handle
- 弓場始め
- ceremony on the fifth day of the 10th lunar month in which the emperor would watch prize archery (Heian and Kamakura periods)
- first firing of the bow (after the New Year or the reconstruction of the archery range (in military families))
- 弓ヶ浜駅
- Yumigahama Station (st)
- 吉野真弓
- Yoshino Mayumi (h) (1971.2.20-)
- 吉田真弓
- Yoshida Mayumi (h) (1965.7.17-) (1982.8.26-)
- 弓あきら
- Yumi Akira (h) (1958.2.24-)
- 弓岡真美
- Yumioka Mami (h) (1970.9.15-)
- 吉井弓香
- Yoshii Yumika (h) (1981.7.3-)
- 稲葉真弓
- Inaba Mayumi (1950.3-)
- 塩田真弓
- Shiota Mayumi (h) (1976.1.17-)
- 塩沢亜弓
- Shiozawa Ayumi (h) (1981.9.22-)
- 岩沢二弓
- Iwasawa Fuyumi (h) (1949.2.22-)
- 家弓家正
- Kayumi Iemasa
- Iemasa Kayumi
- 弓術の流派
- The schools of Kyujutsu
- 弓弦羽神社
- Yuzuruha jinja shrine
- 弓形水切り
- segmental cut-water
- 弓術の分類
- Classification of Kyujutsu
- 弓を鳴らす
- Yumi wo narasu (strike a bow)
- To string a bow:
- 弓矢と宗教
- Yumiya and religion
- 弓の断面積
- The cross-section area of the bow
- 胡弓の参入
- Participation of the kokyu in Jiuta or Sokyoku
- 弓形になる
- to bend backward
- to become bow-shaped
- 弓張り提灯
- paper lantern with bow-shaped handle
- 弓岡敬二郎
- Yumioka Keijirou (h) (1958.6.28-)
- 国際弓道連盟
- The International Kyudo Federation
- 弓と矢の構造
- The structure of the bow and arrow
- 的 (弓道)
- Target
- Mato (kyudo [Japanese archery])
- 弓 (武器)
- Bow (weapon)
- Bow and arrow
- 弓馬故実の流派
- Schools of Kyuba-kojitsu
- 全日本弓道連盟
- The All Nippon Kyudo Federation
- 視床下部弓状核
- arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
- hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
- 大動脈弓症候群
- aortic arch syndrome
- 近世弓術の特徴
- The characteristics of Kyujutsu in recent times
- 俗姓は弓削氏。
- His family name before entering the priesthood was Yuge.
- 真弓鑵子塚古墳
- Mayumikansuzuka-kofun Tumulus
- 祭り矢・祭り弓
- Matsuriya (festival arrow) and matsuri yumi (festival bow)
- Matsuriya (festival arrow) and matsuri yumi (festival bow):
- 破魔矢・破魔弓
- Hamaya (ritual arrows to drive away devils) and hamayumi (ceremonial bow used to drive off evil)
- Hamaya and hamayumi
- Hamaya and hamayumi:
- 公家の楊弓の的
- A Yokyu target for kuge
- 弓矢の持つ意味
- The meaning of Yumiya
- 弓矢の的の種別
- The classification of Yumiya targets
- 葦の矢・桃の弓
- Ashinoya (reed arrow) and momonoyumi (peach bow)
- 巻藁 (弓道)
- Straw butt
- Makiwara (Japanese Archery)
- 学校弓道の戦後
- Kyudo in schools after the war
- 弓術理念の2側面
- Two aspects of the principle of Kyujutsu
- 東洋における弓矢
- Yumiya in the East
- 弓矢に纏わる言葉
- Words related to Yumiya
- 西洋における弓矢
- Yumiya in Western countries
- 全日本学生弓道連盟
- The Kyudo Federation of Students Association
- 弓形に丸めた猫の背
- arch in the cat's back
- 諸外国弓術との比較
- The comparison to archery of foreign countries
- - 弓矢を司る神。
- Literally, it means the god of the bow and arrow.
- 弓の機械化・大型化
- The mechanization and the increasing size of the bow
- 弓矢の変遷と諸条件
- The transition of Yumiya and various conditions
- - 弓矢を用いる事。
- Literally, it means to use Yumiya.
- 機械弓といわれる弓矢
- Yumiya called machine bows
- 立位で行う弓矢の武術。
- A martial art of Yumiya performed in the standing position.
- 神事や祭礼としての弓矢
- Yumiya as Shinto rituals and rites and festivals
- 機械弓といわれる弓矢。
- Yumiya called a machine bow.
- 呪いや祓いの力を持つ弓矢
- Yumiya with the power of the curse and exorcism
- 弓矢の家(ゆみやのいえ)
- Yumiya no ie
- 的屋が営む矢場や楊弓場の的
- A target of yaba and yokyuba managed by matoya
- 破魔弓は浜弓とも表記する。
- The word hamayumi (破魔弓) is also written as 浜弓.
- 古くは的は弓矢を意味する。
- In ancient times, a target meant Yumiya.
- 弓矢取る身(ゆみやとるみ)
- Yumiya torumi
- 江戸時代に弓矢を飾った台。
- It refers to a stand for archery during the Edo period.
- 弓鳴らし・弦打ちともいう。
- It is also called yumi-narashi or gen-uchi.
- It is also referred to as yuminarashi or genuchi.
- 中国のもので機械弓である。
- This is a machine bow made in China.
- 五絃胡弓 (ごげん こきゅう)
- Gogen-kokyu
- 明治胡弓 (めいじ こきゅう)
- Meiji-kokyu
- 全国高等学校体育連盟弓道専門部
- The All Japan High School Athletic Federation Kyudo Division
- 武芸としては馬上弓術とされる。
- Kisha and Kisha-Mitsumono are classified into horseback archery for a martial art.
- 弓矢の発達や特性を決める諸条件
- Conditions that determine the development and characteristics of Yumiya
- 弓の構造(飛距離・引き手の力)
- The structure of Yumiya (flying distance and the puller)
- 弓矢の歴史は石器時代にまで遡る。
- The history of the bow and arrow goes back to the Stone Age.
- 三弦胡弓 (さんげん こきゅう)
- Sangen-kokyu
- 弓をもつ愛欲の神カーマ(マーラ)
- A god of love, Kama (カーマ)(Mara) with a bow.
- 弓の構造の詳細は「和弓」を参照。
- For structural details of the bow, see the article on the 'Japanese bow.'
- 弓矢の技術に長けた代々続く家系。
- It means a successive lineage that had a high technique of Yumiya.
- 時を同じく弓術も弓道と改称された。
- At the same time, Kyujutsu was renamed as Kyudo.
- - 詳しくは巻藁 (弓道)を参照。
- For details, see the article on makiwara (Kyudo)
- 弓矢の練習する場所を的場といった。
- A place to practice Yumiya was called matoba.
- 蓬矢(ほうし)・桑弓(そうきゅう)
- Hoshi (mugwort arrow) and sokyu (mulberry bow)
- Mugwort arrow and mulberry bow:
- - 投石機とよばれる大型の機械弓。
- This is a big machine bow called a catapult.
- 石鏃、簡素な造りの木弓が用いられた。
- Sekizoku (a flint arrowhead) and simple wooden bow were used.
- 弓術ではなく弓道を名乗る流派も含む。
- They include schools which identify themselves as Kyudo instead of Kyujutsu.
- 通し矢(とおしや)は、弓術の一種目。
- Toshiya was an event held as part of of Kyujutsu (the Japanese classical martial art of shooting an arrow from a bow at a target).
- 弓の長さ…六尺八寸(約2.06m)。
- The length of the curved limb of a bow - The length of the curved limb of the bow used for Toshiya was around 2.06m.
- 通常の弓は七尺三寸(約2.21 m)
- That of an usual bow was around 2.21m.
- 木製の弓もあったであろうと思われる。
- It is also supposed that wooden bows would also have been placed there.
- 以下弓射をいくつかの視点で分類する。
- The classification of Yumiire from various viewpoints is as follows:
- 弓矢を射る事を模式的に例えた舞踊り。
- It is a dance which shows shooting Yumiya.
- - 通常の弓矢の矢を手で投げる手段。
- A method to throw a normal arrow of Yumiya by hand.
- オイゲン・ヘリゲルの『弓と禅』で有名。
- It is famous for 'Zen in the Art of Archery' written by Eugen Herrigel.
- 弓をもつ四大菩薩の金剛愛菩薩と愛染明王
- Kongoai Bosatsu, with a bow in the four major bosatsus, and Aizen Myoo.
- - 弓・矢それぞれ単独でも霊力がある。
- Each bow and arrow individually has spiritual power.
- 日本の弓矢の歴史については和弓を参照。
- As to the history of Yumiya in Japan, see the section on the Japanese bow.
- 楊弓はようきゅうと読み、小弓とも言う。
- The term '楊弓' is pronounced Yokyu and also called a short bow.
- 弓をもつ天界の最高神マーラ(他化自在天)
- The supreme god with a bow in Heaven, Mara (Take-jizai-ten, or the heaven where one can partake of the pleasures created in other heavens).
- 弓矢の鍛錬として的を射抜く行為(射的)。
- It refers to the activity of shooting a target as a practice of Yumiya (target practice).
- It refers to target practice.
- - 風雨と雷を操り、虹を弓として使う神。
- This is the god who controls wind, rain and thunder and uses a rainbow as a bow.
- 弓はピナーカといい、矢はパスパタという。
- The bow is called Pinaka and the arrow is called paspata (パスパタ).
- (特に騎馬民族の使用する弓を短弓という)
- (Especially, bows used by equestrian people were called Tankyu (short bow))
- 弓 (武器)…通常より短いものが使われた。
- A bow (a weapon) - The length of the bow used in Toshiya was shorter than that of the usual one.
- 昭和31年、全国高体連に弓道専門部が新設。
- In 1956, the Kyudo Division was established within the All Japan High School Athletic Federation.
- ゆがけ(「弽」「弓懸」「弓掛け」とも書く)
- Yugake (a glove on the right hand, ゆがけ) (also written as '弽,' '弓懸' and '弓掛け')
- 弓手(左手)には手袋状の押手がけを着用した。
- A shooter wore an oshitegake (bow-holding hand cover) on its bow hand (left hand).
- 下記項目「呪いや祓いの力を持つ弓矢」を参照。
- See the following section 'Yumiya with the power to fight curses and perform exorcism.'
- See the following section on 'the Yumiya regarding curses and exorcism.'
- 実際に弓矢を射る行為が神事となっている祭り。
- A festival in which actual performance to shoot Yumiya is held as a Shinto ritual.
- 弓・矢それぞれが霊力を宿し、意味をなす神事。
- In Shinto rituals each bow and arrow is thought to have spiritual power and special meaning.
- - 4本の腕に金剛杵と槍と弓矢と刀を持つ神。
- This is the god with the Vajra club, spear, Yumiya and sword in his four hands.
- ただし、低段位の者は常に弓道衣でかまわない。
- However, those with low dan-i can always wear Kyudo uniforms.
- 明治維新以降、胡弓は尺八にとってかわられた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, kokyu was replaced by shakuhachi.
- 弓を射る時に開く脇と胸部を防御する楯状の部品。
- It shields the exposed left chest when shooting an arrow with an open arm.
- 財団法人生弓会として各地の支部で活動している。
- The Seikyukai Foundation has active branch associations in various places.
- 弓馬術礼法小笠原流や小笠原流煎茶道などがある。
- The school teaches the Ogasawara style of archery, horsemanship and etiquette, and the Ogasawara Tea Ceremony.
- (詳しい経緯やその後は、弓道歴史を参照のこと。)
- (In detail and for later events, see the article of Kyudo-shi)
- 最近では国際弓道連盟設立記念大会で執り行われた。
- It has recently been performed in Kokusai kyudo renmei kinen taikai (Memorial tournament for establishment of International Kyudo Federation).
- 日本の弓射には遊戯的側面をもったものも存在した。
- Some Japan Yumiire had the aspect of playing a game.
- 日本では洋弓と銃を併せた形状から洋弓銃とも言う。
- In Japan it is also called a bow gun because of its shape combining Yokyu and a gun.
- このほか「三曲萬歳」では三味線、胡弓、鼓をいう。
- Besides, in 'sankyoku manzai' (a comic dialogue accompanied by sankyoku), the instruments used are shamisen, kokyu and tsuzumi (hand drum).
- なお秀次自身も弓術を好み、通し矢を試みたともいう。
- Incidentally, Hidetsugu himself liked Kyujutsu and tried Toshiya.
- 宝弓(ほうきゅう)右手に持つ矢(宝箭)と対をなす。
- Hokyu (treasured bow), a pair of arrows (hosen) in the right hand.
- - 弓を楽器のように使用する事により霊力を具える。
- This is a Shinto ritual to provide spiritual power by using a bow like a musical instrument.
- 弓矢は幸福を表すと同時に霊力を持つ狩猟具であった。
- Yumiya was a tool for hunting having spiritual power as well as showing happiness.
- 一般的な全日本弓道連盟の競技規則によるものを記す。
- The commonly used game rules of the All Nippon Kyudo Federation are described here.
- 初瀬琴(はつせごと、「胡弓琴」(こきゅうきん)とも)
- Hatsuse-goto (also referred to as Kokyukin)
- 「矢の坐」すなわち「弓を射る場所」が原型だとする説。
- According to another view, it originated from an armory since it was originally written as '矢倉' or '矢蔵 (arrow storehouse). ' i.e., 'a place from which one shoots an arrow.'
- 文射とは礼射ともいい、弓射の儀礼としての側面である。
- Bunsha is also called Reisha, which shows an aspect of the Yumiire ceremony.
- この楊弓は「座った状態」で行う、正式な弓術であった。
- This Yokyu was used in official Kyujutsu performed in the 'seated position.'
- はじまりは正月に行われたその年の吉凶占いに使う弓矢。
- These were originally used for fortune-telling for the year performed at New Year's celebrations.
- 大型の機械弓で矢だけでなく砲弾を発射する事が出来た。
- It was a big machine bow and could shoot arrows and also cannonballs.
- そのため弓矢神として現在も様々な神社で祀られている。
- Therefore, it is enshrined at various shrines as the god of Yumiya still now.
- また弓矢が起源とされるハープ(ハープ)の神でもある。
- In addition, he is also the god of the harp regarded to originate from Yumiya.
- 条件の選択で、弓矢の形状・構造、性能・特性が決まる。
- Which condition is selected determines the form, structure, capability and characteristics.
- 現在に残る狩猟や、競技や武芸、神事や祭礼としての弓矢
- Yumiya for present hunting, games, military arts, Shinto rituals, rites and festivals
- 弓矢(ゆみや)とは、弓 (武器)と矢からなる狩猟具。
- The term 'Yumiya' refers to a tool for hunting which consists of bow (weapon) and arrow.
- こうした行事は朝廷や幕府の弓射儀礼に由来するとされる。
- These events are considered to originate from Yumiire/Kyusha girei (shooting ceremony) of the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- これは「弓射る」と「湯入る」をかけた洒落の一種である。
- This was a kind of play on words linking 'Yumi-iru' (shooting a bow) and 'Yu-iru' (taking a bath).
- 藤植流四弦胡弓 (ふじうえりゅう よんげん こきゅう)
- Fujiue-ryu Yongen-kokyu
- また胡弓本曲の伴奏として、胡弓と合奏されることもある。
- The koto is also used as an accompaniment for the kokyu and in ensemble with the kokyu.
- 弓把の高さ(弓と弦の間隔)…五寸五分(約16.7cm)
- The height of the curved limb of the bow (the distance from the limb to the string) - Around 16.7cm
- 弓を引く際に右手に装着するシカの革でできた手袋の一種。
- A deerskin glove that's worn on the right hand when drawing the bow.
- 弓以外で矢を飛ばす方法(吹き矢や投げ矢(ダーツ)など)
- Ways to shoot an arrow other than with a bow (blowguns, darts, and so on)
- 弓矢隊や弓兵・弓歩兵を生み出し、戦術も多様に広がった。
- The troops with Yumiya, archers and foot soldiers with bows were created and various tactics were developed.
- 明治に入ってからは東京神田に弓馬術礼法小笠原教場を開設。
- In the Meiji period, Kyubajyutsu Reihou Ogasawara Kyohjyo Ogasawara Kyojo (school of Japanese archery, horsemanship and courtesy) was opened in Kanda, Tokyo.
- 神童寺(京都府相楽郡山城町 (京都府)) - 天弓愛染像
- Jindo-ji Temple (Yamashiro-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture) - the statue of Aizen Myoo with celestial bow
- 弓祭(ゆみまつり)・弓引き(ゆみひき)神事ともいわれる。
- It is also called yumi matsuri (Bow Festival) or yumi-hiki (archer).
- 古くは弓矢も狩りの技の向上を目指し、修練が行われてきた。
- In ancient times, Yumiya had been practiced aiming an improvement of hunting skills.
- - エロースとは人の恋心を操れる「呪いの弓矢」を持つ神。
- Eros is a god with 'a cursed Yumiya' that can control people's love.
- また日本のアーチェリーでは弓道の射法八節を取り入れている
- Additionally, archery in Japan adopts Kyudo's Shaho hassetsu.
- さらに弓矢は様々な形で祈祷や民間習俗に取り入れられている。
- Moreover, it has been incorporated into rogation and folkways in various forms.
- また胡弓本曲の伴奏として地歌三味線が用いられることもある。
- Furthermore, jiuta shamisen can also be used as an accompaniment to kokyuhonkyoku.
- 少ない力で弓が引け大きな力で矢を飛ばせるが、連射性が悪い。
- Although it can be drawn with little power and will shoot an arrow strongly, it can not be used continuously.
- (ただし、弓矢は平安時代から神事としての側面をもっていた)
- (However, Yumiya had been used in Shinto rituals since the Heian period)
- 胡弓は中期に興隆していくつか流派も生まれ、新作も作られた。
- Kokyu music also prospered in the middle of the Edo period, so it produced its own schools and new pieces.
- 古墳時代には魏志倭人伝の記述から既に和弓の原型が見て取れる。
- According to a description in the Gishi-wajin-den (魏志倭人伝), there was already an original Wakyu in the Kofun Period.
- 歩射も盛んであり、現代の弓道において主要な流派の一つである。
- It also actively performs Busha and it is one of the major schools in modern Kyudo.
- - 長さ約27cm(9寸)で基本的な構造は和弓と同じである。
- It was about twenty-seven centimeters long and has the same basic structure as the Japanese bow.
- 「サトウキビの弓」と「5本の花の矢」の「愛の弓矢」を持つ神。
- This is a god with the 'Yumiya of love' consisting of 'the bow of sugarcane' and 'arrows of five flowers.'
- 日本においても変わらず祭事や儀式として弓矢を用いる事も多い。
- In Japan Yumiya has been often used in festivals or ceremonies.
- 全日本弓道連盟が定める礼法は、小笠原流礼法を縦糸としている。
- The manners specified by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation are centered around the manners of the Ogasawara school.
- 弓道は安全上の理由から原則として専用道場で行うのが好ましい。
- As a general rule, for the sake of safety Kyudo should be performed in a dedicated dojo.
- 江戸時代の地歌では箏・三絃(三味線)・胡弓の合奏が行われた。
- Edo period jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) pieces were performed by an ensemble consisting of koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings), shamisen, and kokyu (a bowed three string instrument).
- そのうち洋弓銃は軍や警察の武器や兵器として採用する国もある。
- Among them, crossbows have been adopted as a weapon for army or the police in some countries.
- 嫡子重信(久馬助)が旗本となり、家光ら将軍家弓術指南役となる。
- His only son Shigenobu (Kyumanosuke) became a direct retainer of the shogun and the family archery instructor for Iemitsu and others.
- これらの称号は後に居合道、杖道、弓道、空手などで広く見られる。
- Later, these titles were often given in iaido, jodo, kyudo, karate and so on.
- 全日本弓道連盟からは独立しており、試合規則も独自に定めている。
- It's independent of the All Nippon Kyudo Federation and has its own regulations for matches.
- これらは神話・伝説などに登場する、弓矢の呪力の象徴とも言える。
- It is said that these are the symbols of magically signified power of Yumiya appearing in myths, legends and so on.
- (ただし大型の機械弓は軽量(携帯)条件を無視した弓矢といえる)
- (However, a large machine bow ignores the requirement of lightness (mobility).)
- 弓矢の発達は力学や物性(物質の性質)や機械工学に寄与してきた。
- The development of Yumiya has contributed to dynamics, the nature of materials, and machine engineering.
- 今日的な分類では、弓道を武射と礼射に分ける考え方が主流となった。
- In a modern classification, the idea that divided archery into busha (archery for battle) and reisha (archery for ceremony) has become the main common practice.
- 通し矢用に工夫された技術・用具は現代の弓道にも影響を与えている。
- Skills and tools devised for Toshiya still have an impact on today's Kyudo (the general term referring to the culture related to traditional Japanese archery).
- 現在京都三十三間堂の本堂内に通し矢で使われた弓が展示されている。
- At present, the bow used in Toshiya is on display within the main building of Kyoto Sanjusangen-do Hall.
- たいていの曲は合奏できる箏、胡弓、尺八のパートが付けられている。
- Most pieces have so, kokyu and shakuhachi parts that can be played together.
- 弓の横巾(握り上部の幅)…八分二三厘(約2.48~2.52cm)
- The width of the curved limb of the bow (at the upper part of the grip) - Around 2.48cm to 2.52cm
- 忍壁皇子、高市皇子、弓削皇子ら、天武天皇の皇子を被葬者とする説。
- Some suggest that a prince of the Emperor Tenmu--Osakabe no Miko (Prince Osakabe), Takechi no Miko/Prince Takechi, or Yuge no Miko (Prince Yuge)--was buried.
- 鉄弓や鉄矢は、実用性ではなく、武器本来の機能である威嚇用である。
- It is considered that the iron bow and iron arrows were not for practical use but for scaring enemies that is the original function of weapons.
- 弓術や弓道と違い、免許皆伝や流派の開祖となることは出来なかった。
- Unlike Kyujutsu and Kyudo, they could not get a license or open a new school.
- また戦や狩りに因らない弓矢も存在し、楊弓(ようきゅう)といった。
- In addition, there was another Yumiya not used for battles nor hunting, called Yokyu.
- 馬上使用ができる長弓で日本においてのみ見られる特殊な弓矢である。
- It is a long bow used on horse and a unique Yumiya seen only in Japan.
- - 弓丈約85cm(2尺8寸)で基本的な構造は和弓と同じである。
- It is about 85 cm long and has the same basic structure as the Japanese bow.
- 主に砲弾や石などを発射し、弓矢というよりは機械や兵器ともいえる。
- It mainly shoots cannonballs and stones so that it is considered to be a machine or weapon rather than Yumiya.
- 丈の長い弓全般を指し、コンポジットボウの相対語として使用される。
- It refers to long bows in general and is used as a relative term for a composite bow.
- これらの事からも古くから弓矢が信仰の対象と成ってきた事が窺える。
- Therefore, it can be surmised that Yumiya has been worshipped since ancient times.
- 昭和28年(1953年)7月11日、全日本学生弓道連盟が再結成。
- On July 11, 1953, the Kyudo Federation of Students Association was re-formed.
- 大学生の組織で、全国の大学・短大の弓道部のほとんどが加盟している。
- It's an organization for college students, and nearly all Kyudo-bu (archery clubs) in universities and junior colleges nationwide are affiliated.
- 」とあるなど、支配者層の弓射が文化的・儀礼的性格を強く持っていた。
- As seen above, rulers strongly emphasized the cultural and ceremonial aspects of Yumiire.
- 日本の弓矢は正式には和弓といい、長弓(ちょうきゅう)に分類される。
- Japanese Yumiya is officially called wakyu and is classified as Chokyu.
- 桑の弓は桑の木で作った弓、蓬の矢は蓬の葉で羽を矧いだ(はいだ)矢。
- Kuwa no yumi is a bow made from a mulberry tree and yomogi no ya is an arrow on which arrow feathers are put using mugwort leaves.
- A mulberry bow is made from mulberry tree, and a mugwort arrow is made of feather pared with the use of mugwort leaves.
- ヨーロッパ全般に普及した弓の丈が短い弓で、馬上使用にも適している。
- It is a short bow that spread all over Europe, suitable for the use on horseback.
- それゆえ、三味線、箏、胡弓か、三味線、箏、尺八の編成が普通である。
- Therefore, the common instrumental trio is either shamisen, koto and kokyu or shamisen, koto and shakuhachi.
- 通常、胡弓と尺八は持続音楽器として同じ働きをするので互換性が強い。
- Generally, kokyu and shakuhachi are interchangeable with each other, because both of them similarly serve as instruments to make continuous sounds.
- 弓道連盟内で武徳会再建活動を行っていた射手達は連盟を去っていった。
- Consequently, archers participating in the movement to re-establish Butoku Kai within the Kyudo federation left the federation.
- 武徳会弓道部会長は宇野要三郎範士が就任、武徳会常務理事も兼務した。
- Hanshi, Yozaburo UNO, was assumed as the chairman of the Kyudo-bu in Butoku Kai and also served as the executive director of Butoku Kai.
- - 使用する弓矢はある条件のもと、一定もしくは同じ物が使用される。
- Special types or the same Yumiya are used under certain conditions.
- - 弓矢としての機能より、装飾や価値観による材料の選定がなされる。
- Particular Yumiya are selected according to the materials they are made of in consideration of decoration or the sense of value rather than the capability as Yumiya.
- 両腕で弓と弦をそれぞれ前後に引き離し保持しながら、弦に矢をかける。
- Pushing the bow ahead and the string back with both arms and holding them, an arrow set to the string.
- 当時の合戦では弓射の主体は歩兵であったので、歩射が中心の流派である。
- Since the major forces of Yumiire in battles at that time were foot soldiers, it mainly practices Busha.
- 室町幕府において弓馬故実の中心的地位を得、江戸幕府でも重んじられた。
- It gained the status as the center of Kyuba-kojitsu in Muromachi Shogunate and was valued highly in Edo Shogunate as well.
- 236本の銅鏃、50本の石鏃、鉄弓1本、鉄製矢5本が見つかっている。
- 236 copper arrowheads, 50 stone arrowheads, an iron bow, and five iron arrows were also found there.
- 弓矢は古くから軍事・狩猟に使用され、競技・遊戯・神事にも使用された。
- The bow and arrow had been used for military purposes and for hunting from ancient times, it also was popular as a game, and as a shrine ritual.
- 騎射(きしゃ・うまゆみ)とは歩射に対しての用語で、騎乗して行う弓射。
- Kisha (Umayumi) is a term against Busha (歩射) and a Yumiire style on horseback.
- 和弓は世界最大とも言われる標準で七尺三寸(221cm)の長さを持つ。
- The length of a normal Wakyu is 221cm long, which is said to be the longest for a bow, in the world.
- 近年では破魔矢・破魔弓ともに神社などの厄除けの縁起物として知られる。
- Recently, both hamaya and hamayumi are known as lucky apotropaic charms of shrines.
- 鳴弦とも言い、弓の弦を引いて鳴らす事により悪霊や魔や穢れを祓う行為。
- It is also called meigen, which means to exorcise evil spirits, devils and impurities by making a sound pulling a bow string.
- 日置流祖の日置弾正正次は射術の祖とされ、日置流は後の弓術の中核となる。
- Masatsugu Danjo HEKI, the founder of Heki school, is considered the founder of shooting and Heki school later played the center role in Kyujutsu.
- 弓木城(ゆみのきじょう)は、丹後国(現京都府与謝野町岩滝)にあった城。
- Yuminoki-jo Castle was a castle in Tango Province (present-day Iwataki, Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture).
- 中華文明圏では長弓(ロングボウ)が存在しないので、単に弓と呼称される。
- In the history of Chinese civilization, it is simply called a bow because there was no long bow.
- 形状としては大型の洋弓銃に盾と脚立を備え固定式にしたものとなっている。
- It had a fixed style with a big bow gun, a shield and stepladder.
- - 山佐知彦とも表記し、昔話としても広く知られる弓矢を用いる狩りの神。
- Yamasachihiko (山幸彦) is also written as 山佐知彦 and the god of hunting with Yumiya, well known in an old tale.
- 昭和32年(1957年)1月18日「全日本弓道連盟」へと名称を改めた。
- On January 18, 1957, it was renamed as the 'All Nippon Kyudo Federation.'
- 「弓道をなめている」「礼を逸している」などの批判が多く、問題になった。
- It raised an issue with many criticisms such as, 'It's disrespectful to Kyudo,' or 'It's impolite.'
- ただし、一般的ではないが箏、胡弓、尺八と言った組み合わせも可能である。
- The trio of koto, kokyu and shakuhachi is also possible, though it isn't common.
- 弓矢とは「きゅうし」とも読み「弓箭」(ゆみや・きゅうし)とも表記する。
- The term 'Yumiya' (弓矢) is also read as 'Kyushi' and also written as '弓箭' (Yumiya or Kyushi).
- 武士が戦場での実戦を出発点として磨き上げてきた弓術、それが日置流である。
- As a starting point for samurai who in fact engage in combat on the battlefield, the Heki school has contributed much to the refining archery techniques.
- 流れを汲む大学弓道部は、龍谷大学、同志社大学、名古屋大学、香川大学など。
- University archery clubs related to the archery schools include Ryukoku University, Doshisha University, Nagoya University, Kagawa University, etc.
- なお近代に成立の武道では柔道、剣道、弓道などは流派という概念を否定した。
- Recently created martial arts such as Judo, Kendo (Japanese fencing) and Kyudo (Japanese archery) have rejected the concept of ryuha.
- 江戸時代の楊弓場では矢取りのために女を置き、密かに売春させる例もあった。
- Some Yokyu-ba (house for Yokyu) in the Edo Period placed women to pick arrows up and made them prostitute themselves secretly.
- その他、弓矢を射ている人物をはじめ、イノシシ、鹿、犬などが描かれている。
- In addition, a person shooting an arrow, a wild boar, a deer and a dog and so on are drawn.
- 弓射は伝統的に、騎乗か徒立(非騎乗)かにより騎射と歩射に分けられてきた。
- Yumiire has been classified into Kisha and Busha (歩射) shooting while riding horseback or Kachidachi (not riding horseback).
- 座ったままで行う正式な弓術であり、対戦式で的に当った点数で勝敗を争った。
- It was an official Kyujutsu performed while seated, trying to reach conclusions with scores in a game.
- It was done while remaining seated, and participants competed for the points gained by hitting a target.
- 全日本弓道連盟では、射の基本動作を8つの節に分けて説明・指導をしている。
- The All Nippon Kyudo Federation explains and instructs the basic movements of shooting in eight separate parts.
- 軽く飛距離があり、女性でも引く事が出来る丈の長い弓のことで長弓といった。
- The long bow was light, provided a long flying distance and was easy for women to pull, and was called Chokyu (long bow).
- 日本弓術の特徴は、中国の影響を受けて弓射の文化的要素が発達したことである。
- The characteristics of Kyujutsu in Japan is that the cultural aspect of Yumiire was developed under the influence of China.
- 狩猟や競技・弓道の修練に用いられ後に通し矢などの神事や捕具にも用いられた。
- Used for hunting, games and the practice of Kyudo, and also used for Shinto rituals such as toshiya and hogu (a tool for capturing something or someone).
- 地歌曲の場合は、多くは元の三味線パートに後に箏や胡弓のパートが付けられた。
- In most Jiuta tunes, the parts for koto and kokyu were later added to the original shamisen part.
- 尚、このようなことを公の場でやった場合、全日本弓道連盟から永久追放される。
- If one takes such an action in public, he/she will be banned for life by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation.
- また弓矢と吹き矢は、世界各地で現在も生活の糧を得るため狩猟で使われている。
- In addition, Yumiya and blowguns are used for hunting as a tool to get food in various parts of the world.
- この時弓矢により強い威力を求めた改良がなされ、長尺、弓幹下側を握る弓となる。
- During this period, the bow and arrow were improved for strength and a long bow with a grip on the lower side, was devised.
- 賭弓場の多くは風俗営業であり、明治政府より規制を加えられるほど盛況になった。
- Many of the gambling archery halls were entertainment and amusement businesses, and they flourished so much that the Meiji government enacted restrictions.
- 武射とは弓射の武器としての側面であり、実際の戦場を想定した弓術の系統である。
- Busha reveals the aspect of Yumiire as a weapon and a lineage of Kyujutsu which was assumed in actual battle.
- たとえば弓,鉄砲,石つぶてといった投射兵種、荷駄や黒鍬といった支援兵種など。
- They are, for example, soldiers using artillery including a bow, a gun, gravel, and supportsoldiers such as cargo handling and utility work.
- 的弓は的と弓のことを指すが、敵や獲物ではなく的を対象とした弓のことでもある。
- The word matoyumi refers to a bow used to shoot a target instead of the enemy or used as a game.
- 長弓(ロングボウ)は日本以外では、ほとんど見る事が出来ない、珍しい物である。
- The long bow is so particular it can hardly be seen in areas other than Japan.
- 和弓長さ221cm(多少の長短がある)、握りの位置は下から三分の一のあたり。
- Japanese bow, approximately 221cm long (possibly being slightly longer or shorter), held about one-third the way from the bottom.
- このような技術論に差異が認められる所以は日本の弓術独特の進化過程に起因する。
- The reason for such differences in technical theory is in the unique evolutionary process of Japanese Kyudo.
- 弓は湾曲する細長い素材(もしくは湾曲しない素材)の両端に弦を張って作られる。
- A bow is made of a curved thin material (or a material which does not curve) with a string stretched between the tips.
- 弓矢は狩猟の道具としては非常に一般的なもので、一万年以上前から使われてきた。
- Yumiya is a very popular tool for hunting and has been used for more than 10,000 years.
- 一方で古来から続く流派も存在し、現代の弓道と共存しながら古流を守り続けている。
- Meanwhile, some schools from ancient times still exist and are preserving the traditional school while coexisting with modern Kyudo.
- 明治初期には一般的に弓と言えば賭弓場を連想するほどに弓射文化は衰退していった。
- By early Meiji, Yumiire/Kyusha culture declined to the extent that the bow was often associated with gambling archery halls.
- これらの楽器によるそれぞれの音楽である地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽が成立、発展して来た。
- Music for these instruments, known respectively as jiuta, sokyoku and kokyugaku, was established and developed.
- 実際、薩摩侵攻後も、琉球の剣術、槍術、弓術などの達人の名は何人も知られている。
- Actually, even after the invasion by the Satsuma Domain many famous masters specializing in Ryukyu-style swordsmanship, spear skills and archery are identified.
- 五射は代表的な射法を、六科は弓術家として身につけるべき事項を挙げたものである。
- Gosha (five major shooting techniques) describes representative styles of shooting, and Riku-ka (six subjects) describes what Kyujutsu-ka (those who practice Kyujutsu) should acquire.
- またもう1つの目立つ特徴として弓幹中央より下側に握りが来るように造られている。
- In addition, another distinct feature is that the grip is on the under side of Yugara (wooden or bamboo part between Motohazu (the lower top of the bow) and Urahazu (the top of the bow)).
- 他国の弓術と比較した時にまず目を引くのが、人間の身長より遥かに長い和弓である。
- What is the most distinct feature is the length of Wakyu (bow), which is far longer than the height of a person.
- 弓術(きゅうじゅつ)は、弓 (武器)を用いて矢で的を射る技術、武術、技法の事。
- The term Kyujutsu refers to a technique or a martial art to put an arrow in the target from a bow (weapon).
- これら諸団体の総意を結集して昭和22(1947年)年「全日本弓道連盟」を結成。
- The All Nippon Kyudo Federation was formed in 1947, gathering the consensus of these various organizations.
- 以下は全弓連発行の「弓道教本」により説明されている射法八節の基本的内容である。
- The following are the basic contents of Shaho hassetsu, as described in the 'Textbook of Archery' issued by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation.
- 弓矢は、武具や武器、武道や武術、戦い(軍事)や戦(いくさ)そのものを意味する。
- The term 'Yumiya' refers to arms or weapons, martial arts, battles (military) or ikusa (war) themselves.
- なお、和弓では利き手にかかわらず、弓は左手で押し、弦は右手で引くのが通常である。
- Usually in the Japanese bow, regardless of the archer's dominant hand, is pushed by the left hand and the bowstring is pulled by the right hand.
- 江戸時代、各藩は弓術師範を召し抱えたが、それらのほとんどは日置流の射手であった。
- During the Edo period, each domain employed its own grand master of archery, however, they were mostly archers from the Heki school.
- 太刀を負い、刀をさし、鏑矢を5筋さした箙を負い、弓ならびに鏑矢1筋を左手に持つ。
- The archer carries a large sword and an ebira with five whistling arrows on his back, a sword in his waist belt and a bow and an arrow in his left hand.
- 今日の弓道に繋がる弓術は技術、道具共に江戸時代に大成したと言っても過言ではない。
- It's not an exaggeration to say that Kyujutsu, that led to today's Kyudo, was completed in the Edo Period both for technique and equipment.
- - 公家の楊弓と祭り矢・祭り弓を起源とし、江戸時代には懸け物の射的遊技が出来た。
- During the Edo period, a target practicing game used for gambling was created originating from Yokyu of kuge and matsuriya (festival arrow) or matshriyumi.
- 鎌倉時代から続いた神事で、武家の男子が弓矢で初めて獲物を射止めたことを祝う神事。
- This Shinto ritual which had been practiced since the Kamakura period, and was a celebration for when a samurai shot game for the first time.
- サルンガという太陽の光で出来た弓と、炎と太陽の光からなり翼を持つ矢を、携えた神。
- This is the god who has a bow called Sarnga made of the sunlight and an arrow with a wing made of fire and sunlight.
- そして銃の発明で世界中で、戦いの場から一部の機械弓を除き弓矢は無くなって行った。
- And the invention of gun caused Yumiya to disappear from the battlefields all over the world except for some machine bows.
- 胴前面には弓の弦が鎧に引っかかるのを防ぐ為に弦走韋(つるばしりのかわ)が張られる。
- To prevent the bowstring getting caught to the armor in front of the trunk, a piece of bow leather is put there.
- 三曲合奏は、胡弓の代わりに尺八を用いて、三弦、箏、尺八での合奏が多くなっていった。
- It has become more common for sankyoku ensembles to use shakuhachi instead of kokyu so that they consist of sangen, so (koto) and shakuhachi.
- 弓力…四貫三百匁(約16kg)の重りを弦に掛け一尺九寸(約58cm)開いたという。
- The strength of the bow - When a weight of 16kg was hung on the string, the string was drawn by 58cm, they say.
- 左 -『地中海式』:主に欧州で見られる取り掛け法で、矢は弓の左側に来るよう番える。
- Left - 'Mediterranean style': the torikake-ho (way to shoot an arrow using Torikake hook) seen mainly in Europe and an arrow rides on the left side of the bow.
- 「滝のぼる 鯉の心は 張り弓の 緩めば落つる 元の川瀬に」という言葉でも知られる。
- He is also known for writing 'Carp climbing the waterfall with intense mind shall fall when tension is released (meaning don't let your guard down).'
- 通し矢のことで、古くは吉凶を占う行為(諸説存在)であり、武芸としては弓術とされる。
- It means toshiya and a kind of Kyujutsu as a martial art, performed to tell someone's fortunein ancient times (upon which there are various theories).
- この中でアポローン、アルテミス、エロースのそれぞれの弓矢が齎す物語が描かれている。
- In Greek myths there are the stories related with Yumiya of Apollo, Artemis, and Eros.
- また尾張から松翁流胡弓が伝えられ、山田流箏曲との合奏専用に特化して伝えられている。
- Also, the Shoo school of kokyu music, which was introduced from Owari Province, has been handed down to us in an exclusively specialized form of the ensemble with the Yamada school of koto music.
- また的は古くは「いくは」と読み、弓矢そのものであり、「射交わ」が語源となっている。
- In addition, the term '的' (target) was pronounced as 'ikuha' in ancient word and referred to Yumiya itself, which comes from the word '射交わ' (ikuwa).
- 日置流の影響は非常に強く、以降の弓術はほとんど日置流に依ったと言っても過言ではない。
- The influence of the Heki school has been tremendous, thereafter almost all the archery depended on it.
- 例えば現在の弓道射法八節にも採用されている「会」「離」は、仏教語の会者定離にちなむ。
- For instance, even in the presence Kyudo-shaho Hassetsu (the eight arts of shooting an arrow), the adopted terms such as 'E' (concentration at full draw) and 'Ri' (release) are related to the Buddhist expression 'Esha-Jori' (meaning that those who meet must part).
- 弓削皇子説を唱える代表的な人物は、菅谷文則(滋賀県立大学教授)、梅原猛(哲学者)ら。
- The typical experts who support Yuge no miko (Prince Yuge) as the candidate include Fuminori SUGAYA (professor of The University of Shiga Prefecture) and Takeshi UMEHARA (a philosopher).
- 中 -『ピンチ式』:未開部族等で見られる引き方で、また四半的弓道でもこの方法を取る。
- Middle - 'Pinch form': the style often seen among lower tribes and also seen in Shihan-mato (四半的) Kyudo.
- 平安時代には弓術流派が興り、各種流派にはそれぞれに独自の技術・教え・作法が存在した。
- In the Heian Period some schools of Kyujutsu were founded and each school had their own technique, lesson style, and mannerisms.
- 上記の御弓始めと同じであるが、射手は神職ではなく、その地域を代表する福男などが行う。
- The character is the same as the one mentioned above oyumi-hajime, but the arrow is shot by a representative person of the region such as fukuotoko (the luckiest man) instead of the Shinto priest.
- また「弓取り」の言葉の意味は侍や武士道を表し、その栄誉を称える行為として弓を与える。
- In addition, the word 'yumitori' means samurai or Bushido (the code of the samurai) and a bow is given as an award.
- - カーマを起源とし仏教・密教においては愛染明王と言い、天上界の最高神で弓を持つ神。
- It originates from Kama and is called Aizen Myoo in Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, who is the highest god in heaven with a bow.
- 昭和9年(1934年)11月、これを持って「弓道要則」とし統一射法として正式に制定。
- In November 1934, this was called 'Kyudo-yosoku (basic art of shooting an arrow)' and was officially established as the united shooting form.
- 現代では、その割膝の練習段階とされる、立ったまま弓を引く「立射」の体勢が一般的である。
- In modern days, 'open knees' is assumed to be the practice stage, and the body pose of 'Rissha' (standing shoot), that pulls the bow while standing, is the general position.
- 道統とは小笠原の弓・馬・礼の三法の総取り仕切り役の正統継承を意味し、「宗家」にあたる。
- This formal handing down of the position of the person in charge of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy of Ogasawara-ryu school is known as Doto, equivalent to 'Soke'
- かつては、日の丸の扇子(白地に赤い丸が描かれている)を開いて、弓の的にした事例がある。
- In the past, there were cases where a Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) designed Sensu was opened to be used for a target for bow and arrow.
- 古くには弓矢(釣竿と釣針も同様)は、狩りが収穫を齎すことから、「サチ(幸)」といった。
- In ancient times, Yumiya (like a fishing rods and hooks) were called 'sachi' (happiness) because hunting brought sustenance for life.
- しかし、戦争末期には日本各地で連合国軍の空襲や艦砲射撃が苛烈を極め多くの弓道場が焼失。
- However, toward the end of the war, air raids and naval gunfire by the Allied Forces became fierce in various parts of Japan, and many Kyudo dojo burned down.
- 平安時代の10世紀頃、武士が登場して以来、騎射・弓術は武士の表芸として弓馬の道とされた。
- Since Samurai appeared in the 10th centuries during the Heian Period, Kisha and Kyujutsu had been considered to be Kyuba-no-michi as a profession of the Samurai.
- 当時の銭湯の入り口には矢をつがえた弓、もしくはそれを模した看板が掲げられることがあった。
- A bow with an arrow notched to the bowstring, or a signboard illustrating such a bow, was occasionally displayed at the entrance to the sento at that time.
- 「千鳥の曲」、「秋の曲」などは江戸後期の箏本曲(「千鳥の曲」は胡弓本曲でもある)である。
- However, numbers such as 'Chidori no Kyoku' (A Song for Plover)' and 'Aki no Kyoku (Autumn Fantasy) are sohonkyoku ('Chidori no Kyoku' is also a kokyuhonkyoku (a number originally created for kokyu)) from the latter half of the Edo period.
- したがって、20代という比較的若い頃に没したとされる弓削皇子の可能性は低いと考えられる。
- Therefore the possibility of Yuge no miko thought to have died relatively young at the age of the 20's can be low.
- 束明神古墳(草壁皇子の真弓山稜の蓋然性が高く、八角墳の可能性がある。奈良県高市郡高取町)
- Tsukamyojin-kofun Tumulus (likely to be Mayumiyama-ryo Tumulus of Prince Kusakabe, and possibly, octagonal): Takatori-cho, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture
- これは弓術のみならず馬術も兼ね備えていなければ嗜む(たしなむ)ことが出来ないからである。
- This is because samurai could not accomplish Kyujutsu without mastering equestrian art.
- 現在でも玄関や屋根に魔除けやお祓いや結界として、弓矢を飾る地方や人々をみることができる。
- Even now, some people in some regions enshrine Yumiya as an amulet, exorcism or barrier at the entrance or on the roof.
- また弓矢や運命や確率に関わり幸運を願う時には「八幡」という言葉が使われてきた歴史がある。
- In addition, the word 'Hachiman' has been historically used when people wish for good luck on Yumiya, fate, or odds.
- 全弓連が関与する代表的大会では、男女とも白筒袖・黒袴・白足袋を着用すると定められている。
- In major competitions involving the All Nippon Kyudo Federation, men and women must wear kimono with snug-fitting white sleeves, black hakama and shirotabi.
- 射距離:28m、的:直径36cm(一尺二寸)の霞的、星的または色的(的 (弓道)参照)。
- Shooting range: 28 m; target: kasumimato, hoshimato or iro mato (refer to Target (Kyudo)), 36 cm in diameter
- 中学校〜大学、公設道場から私設道場まで殆どの弓道場がこれで、通常の稽古は近的道場で行う。
- Most Kyudo dojo in junior high school to college are of this kind, as are public and private dojo, and regular training is done in the Kyudo dojo for close-range shooting.
- 三曲合奏を人体になぞらえて、三味線は骨、箏は肉、胡弓、尺八は皮にたとえられることがある。
- Sankyoku gasso is sometimes likened to a human body, such as the bone for shamisen, the flesh for koto, and the skin for kokyu and shakuhachi.
- 具体的には単一素材で弾性のある木材等を使用した弓で、湾曲させただけの丈も短い物であった。
- It was made of single piece of flexible wood and others were curved, and were short in length.
- 弓の始まりは、世界中どこでも押並べて変わらず、湾曲形の単弓(和弓)であり、短弓であった。
- The first form of bow was simple with a bending form and a short length, which was common anywhere in the world.
- また飛距離においても、日本の弓矢を凌ぐ物は存在したが、特殊なものであり汎用性はなかった。
- In addition, there was a bow which sent an arrow further than Japanese Yumiya, but it was atypical and lacked of versatility.
- 弓の基本的形状は、円弧を描くだけの湾曲形と、M字を描く屈曲形のリカーブボウに分けられる。
- The basic form of a bow is classified into the curviform bow of a circular arc and the bending recurved bow of an M-shaped curve.
- 流れを汲む大学弓道部は、東京大学、國學院大學、学習院大学、東京理科大学、関西学院大学など。
- University archery clubs related to the archery schools include the University of Tokyo, Kokugakuin University, Gakushuin University, Tokyo University of Science, and Kwansei Gakuin University, etc.
- 騎射・弓術は実戦武術としての稽古も盛んに行われるなど、戦国中期までは戦での主戦力であった。
- Kisha and Kyujutsu were major forces in battle and were practiced actively as operational martial arts until the middle of the Sengoku Period.
- 現在でも各地の神社では「奉射(ぶしゃ)」・「御弓神事」などと称する弓射行事が行われている。
- Even today, shrines in various places perform Yumiire/Kyusha Gyoji (shooting events) called 'Busha (奉射),' 'Oyumi-Shinji ritual,' etc.
- 江戸時代には賭弓(かけゆみ)は厳しく規正されたが、一部には免許のもと営業する矢場があった。
- In the Edo Period Kakeyumi (betting on a shooting) was strictly controlled, but some qualified Yaba archery ranges were in operation.
- 武士の表芸である弓術は時代の流れに伴い江戸時代末期から明治にかけて大きく変遷を強いられた。
- Kyujutsu, which was a profession of the samurai, was forced to make a major change with the times from the end of Edo period to the Meiji.
- 吉沢は更に進んで「玉くしげ」などにおいて三味線、箏、胡弓の三パートをすべて一人で作曲した。
- Yoshizawa took one step further, and in numbers such as 'Tamakushige,' he composed the three parts of shamisen, so (koto) and kokyu by himself.
- この時代の弓術の概観を示す物として、江戸時代初期の大和流流祖森川香山のよる五射六科がある。
- There is a book that illustrates an overview of this age, Gosha-Rokka (five major shooting techniques and six theories) written by Kazan MORIKAWA, Founder of the Yamato school.
- 戦場、祭礼行事、朝廷での故実・年中行事などに於いて弓術流派はそれぞれに活躍、発展していく。
- In the battlefields, festival events and Kojitsu (ancient practices of customs) or annual events at the Imperial Court, each school of Kyujutsu had flourished and developed.
- 代表的な物として、ハープは楽器ではあるが、弓を起源とし、その形態を色濃く残すものでもある。
- For example, a harp is a typical music instrument originating from the bow and its form remains.
- 本来は、古くから神事に纏わる弓矢の言葉でもあるが、さまざまな、古文や句などで使われている。
- They were originally words for Yumiya related to Shinto rituals since ancient times, but has been used in various ancient documents and phrases.
- 八幡は祈願と弓矢の意味が一体となす言葉でもあり、射幸心という言葉の語源となった事柄である。
- The word Hachiman includes both the meaning of prayer and Yumiya and is the origin of the word shako-shin.
- 「あたり」とは以下の場合(弓道競技規則第36条で規定)、「はずれ」はそれ以外の場合を言う。
- The following are 'hits' (specified in Article 36 of the Kyudo game rules), and others are 'misses.'
- 敷地面積が比較的取りやすいため、個人宅に1人〜2人立ちの簡易道場を造る弓道家も少なくない。
- Because it's relatively easy to obtain the floor space, many archers build simple dojo for one to two persons in their own homes.
- そもそも角が入った理由は、三十三間堂での通し矢で強弓を数多く引けるように改良されたため)。
- Originally, the tsuno was inserted to make improvements for drawing many strong bows in Toshiya at Sanjusangendo Temple.
- ただし、機械弓は重さや連射性に問題がある為、通常の陸上戦や特に海上戦では使用が難しかった。
- However, since machine bows came with the problem of weight and the capability of automatic fire, it was difficult to use them on the usual battlegrounds and especially in sea battles.
- 古くから弓術として戦術、武芸として発展し、現在ではスポーツ、健康体育の面も持ち合わせている。
- It developed long ago as Kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery) for tactics and military art, and today it's also considered a sport or a healthful exercise.
- 小笠原流は「弓・馬・礼」の三法をもって小笠原流とするが、その正統な継承権を有する家元のこと。
- The Ogasawara-ryu consists of the three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy', which are officially handed down by the Iemoto (head of the school).
- 弓矢やそれに類する射的が隆盛を極め、形を変えながら日本の祭り文化やお座敷遊びに根ざしている。
- Yumiya and similar target practicing games flourished during this period, seen in festivals and Ozashiki-Asobi (playing games with Geisha - Japanese professional female entertainers at a drinking party) in Japan in some different styles still now.
- 弓の丈が短い弓で東アジアから中国、モンゴル、ユーラシア全般で普及し、主に騎馬民族が使用した。
- It is the short bow that spread in a broad area of Eurasia from East Asia to China and Mongolia and was mainly used by equestrian people.
- その上、生活の困窮から弓に割く時間的・心理的余裕も無くなり、国民から弓道は遠ざかっていった。
- Furthermore, due to the hardship of life there was no room for the bow in terms of time nor psychology, and people became distanced from Kyudo.
- 全日本弓道連盟が公式に定めているのは「射法八節(後述)」「礼法」「間合い」のみとなっている。
- Shaho hassetsu' (discussed later), 'manners' and 'distance' are the only aspects that are officially defined by the All Nippon Kyudo Federation.
- 目標がそれぞれ異なる歩射・騎射・堂射を明確に把握して弓を引いている射手は非常に少数となった。
- Archers who draw the bow with a clear understanding of Busha, Kisha and Dosha, which have different goals, have become very rare.
- 江戸時代中期以降、三曲と総称される地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽は合奏のために共通の曲を持つようになった。
- After the mid-Edo period jiuta, sokyoku and kokyugaku, collectively called sankyoku, began to share common pieces for ensembles.
- 三曲万歳は胡弓・鼓・三味線による賑やかな万歳で、初期の万才もこれに倣って楽器伴奏を伴っていた。
- Sankyoku Manzai was a boisterous manzai using a Chinese fiddle, a drum and a shamisen, and the early Manzai was accompanied by some musical instruments after the fashion of Sankyoku Manzai.
- もともと地歌三味線、箏、胡弓は江戸時代の初めから当道座の盲人音楽家たちが専門とする楽器である。
- The jiuta shamisen, so (koto) and kokyu (Chinese fiddle) were originally musical instruments in which the blind musicians of Todo-za had specialized since the early Edo period.
- 源平合戦で弓矢の達人と言われた那須与一が、平氏の船の上に掲げられた扇の的を射抜いた故事は有名。
- There is a famous story about NASU no Yoichi shooting an arrow into a Sensu placed at the top of a Taira clan's boat in the Genpei War.
- 御結(みけつ)・弓祈祷(ゆみぎとう)・蟇目(ひきめ)の神事、奉射(ぶしや)の神事ともいわれる。
- It is also called miketsu, yumigito, a Shinto ritual of hikime or a Shinto ritual of busha (奉射).
- その土地の一年の豊作を占う神事で、神社の神主や神官が梓弓で的を射抜きその状態で吉凶を判断した。
- It is a Shinto ritual to tell a fortune about a good or bad harvest for the year, and Shinto priests of judge the fortune by the results of a target shot by azusayumi (a bow made of Japanese cherry birch).
- ただし弓矢と相撲は神事の一環として、禁止された時代や地域もあったが、庶民が嗜むことを許された。
- Although Yumiya and sumo were forbidden in some ages and some regions, they were allowed for common people to accomplish as one of the Shinto rituals.
- またそれは日本でも同じであるが、江戸時代には弓術や弓道、祭礼や文化になり消え去る事はなかった。
- In addition, this was also true in Japan, but Yumiya developed into Japanese archery, Kyudo (Japanese archery), used in rites and festivals and culture during the Edo period so, it did not disappear.
- この時期に吉田重政の技を伝え聞いたとも、吉田家の祈願僧となって弓術修行に没頭したとも伝えられる。
- He heard about Shigemasa YOSHIDA's techniques and became the private prayer monk of the Yoshida family, and he was absorbed in archery training.
- 馬上で弓を射る騎射戦が主流であった平安 - 鎌倉時代、それに対応すべく騎乗の上級武士が着用した。
- From the Heian to the Kamakura Period, wars took place where shooting bows while mounted on a horse was the common method of fighting and a superior mounted samurai wore large armor.
- ただ最も盛んなドイツでもドイツ弓道連盟登録者数は約1,100人、他国連盟は多くても数百人である。
- However, even in Germany, where it's most popular, the number of registrants in the German Kyudo Federation is about 1,100, while the federations in other countries have several hundred at most.
- 普及の地域差は大きく、愛知県では半数の高校に弓道部があるが、東京都、大阪府では10%前後である。
- Popularity varied widely depending on the region; for example, in Aichi Prefecture half the high schools have Kyudo-bu, while in Tokyo and Osaka it was about 10%.
- つまりこのとき、本家としての総領家と、弓馬礼法の宗家との家がはじめて歴史的に分離したことになる。
- This was the first time that the position of 'Soke' had been separated from the main family.
- その他の寺院 長弓寺(奈良県生駒市)、長福寺 (生駒市)(奈良県生駒市)、圓證寺(奈良県生駒市)
- Other temples: Chokyu-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture), Chofuku-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture) and Ensho-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture)
- 流派によっては実際の戦場を想定した稽古もあるなど、その稽古内容は今日に見る弓道よりも多彩である。
- As some schools had lesson which simulated actual battlefield conditions, their lessons were more varied than those of today's Kyudo.
- また原理や構造がスリングショット(スリングショット)と近いことから、ぱちんこも弾弓と呼称される。
- In addition, since its principle and structure are similar to a slingshot, pachinko (Japanese pinball) is also called dankyu.
- (第53回~第57回全日本弓道遠的選手権大会では、射距離30m、的直径36cmでも実施された。)
- (The fifty-third through fifty-seventh All Japan Kyudo Enteki championships were performed with a 30 m shooting range and 36 cm target diameter as well.)
- その反面、飛距離が落ちないよう、弓丈が大きくなったが、同じ引き手の力で比較すると飛距離も伸びた。
- On the other hand, the length of the bow was made longer so not to decrease flying distance, and the flying distance increased in depending upon the same puller's force.
- これは鏃に毒薬を塗る事(日本では弓矢に毒を塗る習慣はないとされる)が要因であると考えられている。
- The reason for this is considered to be dipping arrowheads in poison (it is said that there is no custom to dip arrows in poison with regard to Yumiya in Japan).
- また日置流後に成立した弓術流派も様々な名称のものがあったが、多くは日置流の系譜に連なるものである。
- Moreover, although there were many archery sects with various names established after the Heki school, most of these are related to the system of the Heki school.
- これらを大別すると、有職故実を中心とする弓馬故実の流派と、射法を中心とする弓術の流派に分けられる。
- These are divided into two main categories of the school of Kyuba-kojitsu (ancient practices of customs about archery and equestrianism) centered on the Yusoku-kojitsu and the other of Kyujutsu centered on shooting style.
- また、さらに胡弓が合奏に加わるようになり、これら三種の楽器による合奏がよく行なわれるようになった。
- Also, kokyu came to be added to the ensemble, and then performing concerts using these three instruments became common.
- 道統とは小笠原の弓・馬・礼の三法の総取り仕切り役の正統継承を意味し、一般用語では「宗家」にあたる。
- Doto means the formal succession of responsibility for the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy, and is equivalent to the more common 'Soke'.
- 他化自在天は弓をもった姿で描かれ、この世のすべてを自在に操り他人を楽しませ、自分も楽しむ神である。
- Take-jizai-ten is expressed as a figure with a bow, and it is a god that controls everything in this world at will, makes others enjoy and enjoys by itself.
- 大正8年には弓術は弓道へと改称、武徳会は幾度か射法統一を試みるが普及せず、第二次世界大戦後に解散。
- In 1919 Kyujutsu changed the name to Kyudo, and Butoku-kai tried to integrate the different ways of shooting, but failed, and they dissolved after the World War II.
- 本来は弓、矢ともに竹を主材としている丈(弓丈)の長い弓で矢をつがえる位置が弦の中心より下方にある。
- It was originally a long bow mainly made of bamboo as well as the arrow, and the position to set an arrow is on the string below the center.
- 本来は楊柳(ようりゅう)の木で出来ているが、真弓ともいい、檀(まゆみ)の木で出来ているものもある。
- The typical Yokyu is made from a willow tree, but some of them are made from the euonymus tree and are called mayumi.
- 天の鹿児弓・天之波士弓(あめのはじゆみ)・天之加久矢(あめのかくや)など様々な表記名称が存在する。
- There are various expressions such as Amenokagoyumi, Amenohajiyumi and Amenokakuya.
- - 弓の断面積が大きいと弾性限界は高くなるが、弾性率は低くなり引き手の力もより必要になり重くなる。
- If the cross-section is larger, the elastic limit becomes higher, but the elastic module becomes lower and the puller needs more strength to pull the bowstring.
- 地歌や箏曲での合奏の中で、胡弓に独自の旋律を持たせたのは光崎の後輩にあたる名古屋の吉沢検校である。
- It was Yoshizawa Kengyo (Mitsuzaki Kengyo's junior), a resident of Nagoya, who made the kokyu melody distinctive in the Jiuta (or Sokyoku) ensemble.
- 日置流は、「吾国弓術中興始祖也」(『本朝武芸小伝』)と称される日置弾正正次(生没年不詳)を祖とする。
- The founder of the Heki school is said to be Masatsugu Danjo HEKI (date of birth and death unknown), who is described as 'the founder of restored archery in my country Japan' in 'Honcho Bugei Shoden' (a survey of traditional Japanese martial arts).
- 武徳会の目的の一つに剣道型・柔道型など技術の体系化があり、弓道もそれに習う形で射法統一が試みられた。
- One of the goals of Butoku-kai was a systematization of technique such as Kendo-gata (style of Kendo, Japanese art of fencing) and Judo-gata (style of Judo, Japanese art of self-defense), so, after that in Kyudo the integration of shooting styles was attempted.
- 国策により武道が利用されはじめ、国民は弓道を含めた各種武道・武士道の再認識・尊重をするようになった。
- Martial arts began being used as national policy, and citizens once again recognized and respected the various martial arts, including Kyudo and Bushido (the code of the samurai).
- 武射系では、膝を着いて弓を引き、的(敵)を射る射術が基本であり、その他にも様々な体勢の技術が伝わる。
- The Busha groups basically adopted the style of shooting a target (enemy) by drawing their bow in a kneeling position, and transmitted other techniques of various styles.
- 祭礼用の丸木弓の小弓や、御弓始めの神事などでは実際に射るものは長弓であり、大きさや形状は様々である。
- There were various bows in size and shapes such as a short bow of maruki-yumi (bow made from a small sapling or tree limb, often catalpa wood, that had a centered grip), and long bows actually used for festivals and rituals and in the Shinto rituals of Oyumi-hajime (Honorable First Bow).
- しかし厳密なものではなく、18世紀後半には箏、胡弓に尺八が加わった合奏を「三曲」と呼んだ記録もある。
- However, the usage of the name wasn't strict, and the ensemble of koto, kokyu and shakuhachi was also called 'sankyoku' in a record from the late 18th century.
- - 板状の異なる木または竹の1本または短片を複数張合わせ、それぞれの部分に強度と靭性を分担させた弓。
- This is a bow made of layers of flat pieces of wood, bamboo and some wood sections bonded together to provide strength and toughness in the right places.
- また弓幹(ゆがら)が板状で断面形状が長方形をなすものをフラットボウと呼称し、それ以外と区別している。
- In addition, a bow which Yugara (wooden or bamboo part between Motohazu (the lower top of the bow) and Urahazu - the top of the bow) is flat and the cross-section surface is rectangular, and this is called a flat bow, distinguishing it from others.
- 右の栴檀板は、弓を引く際に屈伸可能なように小札で構成され、急所に近い鳩尾板は1枚の鉄板とする例が多い。
- The sandalwood plate on the right is composed of small scales to ease bending and stretching when pulling a bow, while the he chest plate on the left is often made with one more iron plate because it is close to a vital spot.
- 弥生時代から続く和琴 (わごん) や起源不明の胡弓など一部を除き、大陸に由来するものがほとんどである。
- With the exception of instruments such as the Wagon (a six-stringed flat zither that was invented in the Yayoi period) and the Kokyu (a three- or four-stringed bowed instrument whose origins are unknown), most Wagakki are originally from the Asian continent.
- 明治以降も料金を取って弓を引かせる店が繁華街を中心に多く存在したが、今日では数えるほどしか存在しない。
- After Meiji, there were many shops where customers could draw a bow for money downtown, but a few remain today.
- 中華文明圏において「強」「弱」という漢字に弓の字が使われているのは、それが武力の象徴であるからである。
- The reason why the Chinese character '強' (strong) and '弱' (weak) include the Chinese character of 弓 (bow) is that it is the symbol of the force.
- 弓矢もオーストラリアのアボリジニを除き、世界中で普遍的なものでもあるが、矢筒も同様であると考えられる。
- Quivers, as well as Yumiya, can be seen all over the world except with the Aborigine in Australia.
- 中国のもので矢の他に砲弾や石なども発射できる大型の機械弓で、西洋ではカタパルトと呼ばれる投石機のこと。
- This is a large machine bow made in China which can shoot cannonballs and stones as well as arrows, and called a catapult in Western countries.
- 他に箏曲(段もの、及び山田流箏曲の歌もの、段もの)、まれに胡弓本曲(「岡康砧」など)も三曲合奏される。
- Additionally, the koto music (e.g. Danmono (leveled pieces), Yamada school's Utamono (accompanied singing in which the singing is emphasized over the instrumental part), and Yamada school's Danmono) and, in rare cases, kokyu honkyoku (kokyu pieces composed in the early days), such as 'Okayasu-ginuta' (a piece for koto composed by Kosaburo OKAYASU but originally a kokyu piece), are also performed in sankyoku gasso.
- 長弓自体が世界的にも珍しいにも拘らず、馬上での長弓の使用という日本独自の方法を確立していったのである。
- Although the long bow itself was unique in the world, the unique style to use Chokyu on horseback was established in Japan.
- この鮸(にべ)や膠による積層弓は、現在の積層木製建築構造材である集成材や集積材と基本的には同じである。
- This laminated bow made with nibe and glue has basically the same structure as laminated lumber and is bonded together, and is the present constructional material for building made of laminated wood.
- また戦場での体勢で即座に敵を射る為に、矢を番えた弓を体の左斜め前方で構える事が有利であるのも理由である。
- Moreover, since this way allows the archer to shoot the enemy immediately by employing this body pose on the battlefield, it is advantageous for the archer anchored in the frontal facing posture, to set up the bow.
- 室城神社の『矢形餅の神事』などは起源が奈良時代まで遡り、既に弓矢の霊妙な力が信じられていた様子が伺える。
- The origin of the 'Yakatamochi-no-shinji ritual' of Muroki-jinja Shrine goes back to the Nara Period, which shows that the spiritual power of the bow and arrow was already believed in.
- 他方で既に遊興の道具としての弓矢は民衆の間で存在しており、盛り場での賭弓場が維新後の都市部で大流行した。
- On the other hand, Yumiya (bow and arrow) as a tool for pleasure already existed among the common people, and gambling archery halls at public resorts were very popular in urban areas after the revolution.
- 現代の世界各地ではスポーツや心身鍛錬として、洋弓によるアーチェリー競技や、和弓の弓道がよく行われている。
- Now in various parts of the world, archery games with Yokyu (Western-style archery) and Kyudo with the Japanese bow have been often performed as sports or a method of training the body and the mind.
- 「帝(みかど)が病魔に侵されていたが、源義家が三度、弓の弦をはじいて鳴らすと悪霊は退散し帝は元に戻った。
- When the Emperor was sick in bed, MINAMOTO no Yoshiie stroked the string of the bow three times, then, the evil spirit disappeared and the Emperor recovered.
- 漆塗りに装飾を施した弓が狩りとった獲物と共に埋葬されるなど、呪術的・霊的用途に使われた形跡が既に見られる。
- As decorated, lacquered bows were buried with prey, it seems to have been used already for witching and spiritual events.
- なお、現在では弓道を礼射系・武射系と分類しているが、実質的に礼射系は小笠原流、武射系は日置流系に該当する。
- In addition, Kyudo is divided into Reisha groups and Busha groups; in fact Reisha groups correspond to Ogasawara school and Busha group correspond to Heki school.
- 現在では小笠原流に『蟇目の儀』が伝わっており、下賀茂神社や住吉大社、一部弓道大会の開会などで行われている。
- 'Hikime-no-Gi' (Hikime ceremony) in the Ogasawara school has been conducted until the present day, and it takes place in Shimogamo-jinja Shrine, Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine, and in the opening ceremony of Ichibu kyudo taikai (Japanese archery tournament).
- 右 -『蒙古式』: トルコ、モンゴル、朝鮮、日本等で見られ、矢は弓の右側に来るよう番えるのが一般的である。
- Right - 'Menggu (Mongol) style': the style seen in Turkey, Mongolia, Korea, Japan and so on, in which an arrow generally rides on the right side of the bow.
- しかし、現在でも少数ながらこの流れを汲み、段位などの取得にこだわらず、的場に通い弓矢を嗜む人々が存在する。
- However, some people succeeded in this stream and still accomplish Yumiya at matoba without any obsessiveness about achieving rank.
- 梓弓のなかで梓巫女(祈祷師、口寄せ)が呪術の道具として使用するものは小さな葛で持ち歩いたので小弓であった。
- Among azusayumi, used as a tool for magic by azusa-miko (shaman in Kuchiyose - spiritualism) was a short bow and she carried it around in a small bamboo trunk.
- そして世界各地には自然と共生をはかり、慎ましやかに暮らしている狩猟民族が、今日も日々の糧を弓矢で得ている。
- In addition, hunters who try to live together with nature and live humbly get food for living by Yumiya even today.
- 記述から弓矢には、楽器として悪霊を祓う力と武器として魔物を退治する力があると、信じられていたことが窺える。
- This description shows that Yumiya was believed to have the power to exorcise evil spirits as a musical instrument and the power to get rid of a monster as a weapon.
- 昭和24年(1949年)4月3日新たに「日本弓道連盟」を結成、8月2日日本体育協会に正式加盟が承認される。
- On April 3, 1949, the 'Nihon Kyudo Federation' was founded, and on August 2 it was formally accepted as member of the Japan Amateur Sports Association.
- そして戦いに馬を利用し、馬上から弓を引き、矢を射る事(騎馬弓兵という)から、短い弓のまま改良されていった。
- And the short bow had been improved because it was suitable for shooting from horseback (such soldiers were called Mounted Archers).
- 特に細川幽斎とは親しく、弓術を教授したほか、幽斎配下の故実家小笠原秀清(少斎)から故実・礼法を学んだという。
- He was an intimate friend of Yusai HOSOKAWA; besides teaching him archery, it is said that he learnt Kojitsu (ancient customs) and rules of decorum from Yusai's follower Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA, who was an authority of ancient customs.
- 大正時代8年(1919年)に弓術は弓道へと改称、弓道含め各武道の普及は日本の内地に留まらず外地にまで及んだ。
- In 1919 the name of Kyujutsu was changed to Kyudo and various martial arts including Kyudo spread not only inland in Japan, but also to foreign countries.
- 馬上で弓矢を撃ち合う合戦形式が中心であった平安 - 鎌倉時代に主に騎乗の上級武将が着用する鎧として普及した。
- This type of armor were mainly spread among the superior warriors on horses from the Heian to Kamakura Period.
- 胡弓との合奏も盛んに行われ、三弦、箏、胡弓の3つの楽器、つまり三曲で合奏する三曲合奏が行われるようになった。
- An ensemble with kokyu also (koto) was frequently performed, and an ensemble of the three instruments of sangen, so (koto) and kokyu--that is, sankyoku--emerged, being known as the sankyoku ensemble.
- 朝廷行事の賭弓(のりゆみ)では、的中場所により賞品が支給され、敗者には罰杯を課すなど遊戯的性格を持っていた。
- The Imperial court nori-yumi game presented an award to the winner with the most points and the loser had to accept Bappai (alcohol which must be drunk as a penalty).
- 現在では大型の機械弓は消滅し、弓矢(和弓・洋弓など)・吹き矢・ダーツ・洋弓銃はスポーツとして楽しまれている。
- The big machine bow disappeared and Yumiya (Japanese bow, Yokyu or Western-style archery, and so on), blowguns, darts, and crossbows are presently enjoyed as sports.
- 一部の印西派を当流と呼ぶのは、江戸印西派の宗家が徳川将軍家の弓術指南役だった事からで、将軍家の流派という意味。
- A part of the Insai school was called 'Toryu' (meaning sect for the Shogunate family) because the grant master of Edo-Insai school was teaching archery for Tokugawa Shogunate family.
- 赤穂浪士は思案の末、太い丸竹に綱を弓状に張ったものを準備して、その両端を雨戸の敷居鴨居にあてがい、綱を切った。
- After consideration, Ako Roshi (lordless samurai of Ako domain) prepared thick marutake (hewn bamboo) stretched rope in the form of bow, put its ends on the threshold and kamoi of the shutters and cut the rope.
- 流派の人々も全日本弓道連盟に所属し審査を受けている場合もあり、連盟と多くの流派組織は対立しているわけではない。
- Since some of the people belonging to schools belong to the All Nippon Kyudo Federation and receive reviews, the federation and the many school organizations are not in conflict.
- 小笠原姓は長清が高倉天皇から賜ったとされ、源頼朝をはじめとする武将の糾法(弓馬術礼法)師範を代々つとめていた。
- The family name Ogasawara is believed to have been given by Emperor Takakura, and starting with Yoritomo MINAMOTO, the clan served for generations as instructors of Kyuho to military commanders.
- 世界的には馬上での弓はその取り回しのし易さから短弓が用いられるが、日本では例外的に長弓の和弓が使用されてきた。
- While in foreign countries Tankyu is used because of it's advantage on horseback, Wakyu of Chokyu has been used in Japan as an exception.
- 馬上における弓術には他に笠懸(かさがけ)や犬追物(いぬおうもの)があり、流鏑馬とあわせて「騎射三物」とされる。
- Other types of archery practiced on horseback are kasagake and inuoimono (shooting a dog), and these two plus yabusame make up the 'three types of archery on horseback.'
- 日本では洋弓銃(クロスボウ)や投石機(カタパルト)などは普及しなかったが、弓を使わず矢を飛ばす方法が存在する。
- In Japan while crossbows and catapults were not used, there was a way to shoot an arrow without using a bow.
- 呪術用に特化して飾り物となった(弱の字は弓に飾りがついた姿を現している)武力を「弱」と捉えたことに注目できる。
- Notice that the force specializing in magic and falling into mere decoration was expressed as '弱' (this character shows the figure of a bow with decoration).
- また日本においては、原始宗教であるアミニズムが色濃く残っており、弓矢は吉凶を占う道具としての側面も持っている。
- In addition, in Japan, animism, a primitive religion, is still believed in strongly and Yumiya has the aspect as a tool to tell fortunes.
- 従って高段位である指導者層の変遷に伴い、時代による射技・射型の流行・廃れが現代弓道の1つの特徴として見られる。
- Thus, with the change taking place in the high dan-i instructor class, the rising and fading popularity of shooting techniques and shooting forms over time is viewed as one of the characteristics of today's Kyudo.
- ここで戦いを有利に進める為に、考えられた戦術の一つが遠戦であり、弓矢は戦場において重要な役割を持つようになる。
- One of the tactics created in order to take advantage during a war was attacking from a faraway place, and Yumiya played an important role on the battlefield.
- 同じ射距離で同じ弓・矢・カケを用いているにも関わらず、極論全く正反対の技術であっても現在のところは通用している。
- As an extreme example, it's considered acceptable for now, when the same bow, arrow and Kyudo gloves are used at the same shooting range, but the techniques are completely opposite.
- 胡弓の弓 (楽器)も、ヴァイオリンの弓が機能的に改良されたのとは違って、音色の追求により改良され現在の形になった。
- The bow for the Kokyu (musical instrument) has also been improved by chasing more beautiful tones, while bows for violins have been improved in terms of functionality.
- ただし箏曲の「段もの」は後から三絃の手が付けられたものであり、ほかにもしばしば胡弓曲を三弦に取り入れたものもある。
- However, 'danmono' of sokyoku had sangen added to it later, and there are other pieces in which kokyu music was added to sangen.
- また世界の射術を見ると概ね弦を首元までしか引かないのに対し、日本の弓術は弦が耳の後ろに来るまで大きく弦を引き取る。
- Moreover, in foreign countries the bow string is usually pulled back as far as the archer's neck, in Japanese Kyujutsu it is pulled all the way back to the archer's ear..
- 歩射(ぶしゃ・かちゆみ・「ほしゃ」は正式な読みではない)とは騎射に対しての用語で、騎乗せずに地面に立って行う弓射。
- Busha, Kachiyumi ('Hosha' is not an official reading) is a term against Kisha and is a style of Yumiire done while walking rather than on horseback.
- 泰平の世となった江戸時代以降も流派によっては実戦的価値に重きを置き、弓射戦術や甲冑を着用しての稽古が行われてきた。
- Even after the peaceful Edo Period, some schools had placed high value on actual fighting and continued to learn Yumiire tactics and practiced while wearing armor.
- 反抗や謀反(むほん)や楯突くことであるが、本来は鳴弦のことで弓の弦を引いて鳴らす事により悪霊や魔や穢れを祓う行為。
- It refers to a revolt, rebellion or showing the opposite, but originally it referred to meigen, that is, the action of exorcising an evil spirit, devils and impurities by making a sound pulling a bow string.
- また慣用句として弓矢に限らず、射幸心の伴う事柄で、当ってくれと願う時に「南無八幡」と唱える言葉の語源となっている。
- In addition, it is the word of origin of 'Namuhachiman,' invoked when people wish for good luck with shako-shin, not only in shooting arrows.
- 日本においては、基本的には弓・矢ともに様々な種類の「竹」を主材とし、その物性(物質の性質)において使い分けている。
- In Japan, both bow and arrow were basically made of various kinds of 'bamboo,' used differently depending on the physical nature of the materials.
- これは、弓兵を集団で訓練し運用する事を容易にし、また規格を統一する事で弓具を大量生産する為の名残であると考えられる。
- It is thought that, this facilitates the training of archers in group, and because of the unified standards, bow and arrows, could be mass-produced.
- こうした弓射思想は古くから日本にも伝わり、その後も一貫して存在し続け、現代の弓道の思想にまで大きな影響を与えている。
- This Yumiire philosophy was transmitted to Japan from ancient times, has been consistent and has greatly influenced present day Kyudo.
- 小弓(こゆみ)とも呼ばれ丈の短い弓であるが、ユーラーシア全般に見られた短弓とは、形状は違い弓は円弧を描くだけである。
- This was a short bow which was also called koyumi, but it had a different form from those generally seen in Eurasia with a simple arc shape.
- アポローンとはゼウスとレートーの子でアルテミスとは双子であり、太陽の神でもある事から「金の矢」を持つ弓矢の神である。
- Apollo is a son between Zeus and Leto and is the twin brother of Artemis, and he is the god of Yumiya with 'a golden arrow' because he is the sun god.
- 練習、試合等では弓道衣を、改まった場(射礼、祝賀射会、奉納射会など)や高段位・称号の審査を受ける際は和服を着用する。
- For training and matches, a Kyudo uniform is worn, while for formal occasions (Jarai, Shukuga shakai (the celebration ceremony of shooting, Hono shakai (the dedication ceremony of shooting), etc.) or when receiving reviews for high dan-i and award titles, traditional Japanese clothing is worn.
- しかし演奏者は同じでも本来、三味線は地歌、箏は箏曲、胡弓は胡弓楽という、それぞれ別個の音楽として成立、存在していた。
- However, each instrument established and kept music of its own, Jiuta for shamisen, Sokyoku for koto, and Kokyu-gaku for kokyu, although their performers overlapped with one another.
- 続く慶応3年(1867年)の大政奉還により伝統的な弓術文化は幕藩体制・武士社会の崩壊と共に大きく衰退を余儀なくされた。
- Then, with the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867, traditional Kyujutsu culture was forced into a decline when the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate and samurai society collapsed.
- すなわち、徳行に顔回・閔子騫・冉伯牛・仲弓、言語に宰我・子貢、政事に冉有・子路、文学(学問のこと)に子游・子夏である。
- Specifically, Gankai, Bin-Shiken, Zen-Hakugyu, and Chukyu of virtuous deed, Saiga and Shiko of language, Zen-Yu and Shiro of political affairs and tasks, Shiyu and Shika of literature (meaning learning).
- 江戸時代中期以降堂射ブームは沈静化したものの、堂射用に改良された道具(ゆがけ等)や技術が後の弓術に寄与した面は大きい。
- After the mid-Edo Period, the Dosha boom declined, but the equipment (such as Yugake) and technique that was improved for Dosha later contributed much to Kyujutsu.
- これを重く見た当時の武道・武術家有志により明治28年(1895年)大日本武徳会が結成され、弓道含め各武道の普及を図る。
- Martial art volunteers, who considered this situation seriously, founded the Dainippon Butoku-kai association in 1895 and tried to spread martial arts.
- その他には、梓弓(あずさゆみ)といわれる梓の木で作られた弓があり、神職(神主、巫女)が神事や祈祷で使用する弓を指した。
- In addition to these, there was a bow called azusayumi made of Japanese cherry birch and used for Shinto rituals and prayers by the Shinto priesthood (Shinto priest or miko - a shrine maiden).
- 楽器編成は古くは三弦、箏、胡弓の組み合わせが一般的であったが、箏、胡弓、尺八といった組み合わせの三曲合奏も行なわれた。
- The common instrumental trio was sangen (shamisen), koto and kokyu, but occasionally it was koto, kokyu and shakuhachi.
- アーチェリーでは左右両手用の弓があるが、和弓では基本的に左手用の弓しかない(弓道では左手に弓を持ち、右手で弦を引く)。
- In archery, there are bows for both the left and right hand, but in Kyudo the bows are basically only for the left hand (in Kyudo, the bow is held in the left hand and the string is drawn with the right hand).
- また日本では機械弓が大陸から技術が伝わっていたが、和弓の利便性から必要性がなく、火縄銃の伝来によりその活躍もなかった。
- In addition, in Japan, although the techniques of the mechanized bow were transmitted from the Chinese continent, it was not necessarily used because the efficiency of the Japanese bow did not flourish after the introduction of the matchlock gun.
- 彼は三味線や胡弓の名手でもあったが、三味線の音楽などではすでに民間の新しい音階である「都節音階」が使われ、普及していた。
- He was a famous shamisen and kokyu (a Chinese fiddle) musician, but the new 'miyakobushi scale' (characteristic Japanese hemitonic pentatonic scale: mi, fa, la, ti, do) was already popularly used for shamisen music.
- 戦場で馬に騎乗することは身分の高い武士のみに許された特権であり、江戸時代に入っても騎射が弓術の最高位のものとされていた。
- Riding a horse on the battlefield was a privilege for high class Samurai and Kisha were considered the highest rank of Kyujutsu in the Edo Period.
- 『中右記』の永長元年(1096年)の項などに記されているように、馬上における実戦的弓術の一つとして平安時代から存在した。
- As described in the section of Chuyuki (a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) dated 1096, yabusame has been practiced since the Heian period as a practical fighting skill performed on horseback.
- 大晦日に朝廷で行われた追儺(ついな)の式で、鬼を祓う為に使われた弓矢の事で、それぞれ葦(アシ)の茎と桃の木で出来ていた。
- These were used for the exorcism of ogre at the tsuina no shiki (ceremony of driving out evil spirits) held at the Imperial Court on New Year's Eve, and the former was made of reed stem and the latter was made from a peach tree.
- They were used to purify evils at tsuina no shiki (ceremony of driving out evil spirits) conducted in the Imperial Court on New Year's Eve, and made from reed stalk and peach tree.
- 天雅彦とも表記し、霊力を持つ天麻迦古弓(あめのまかごゆみ)という弓と、天羽々矢(あめのはばや)という矢を携えた弓矢の神。
- Amenowakahiko (天若日子) is also written as 天雅彦 and the god of Yumiya who has Amenomakagoyumi (bow) and Amenohabaya (arrow) with spiritual powers.
- - 弓丈が長くなると同じ断面積で、引く力が同じなら弾性率は上がるが、弾性限界は低くなり重量も重くなるが、飛距離は伸びる。
- As the bow length becomes longer, the elastic module becomes higher based upon the cross-section and the same pulling power and the elastic limit becomes lower and the weight becomes lighter, but the flying distance increases.
- 古代までにはなんらかの弓術、礼式の形はあったと考えられるが、しかし史料も乏しく史実としての古代の弓射の実体は解っていない。
- It is suspected that some forms of Kyuju and codes of etiquette existed in ancient times, but there is little historical data to explain Yumiire in ancient times.
- 安土桃山時代に若狭武田氏の縁戚であった細川幽斎(幽斎)に伝授され、江戸時代は細川流弓馬軍礼故実と称して熊本藩で保護された。
- It was taught to Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was a relative of the Wakasa-Takeda clan in the Azuchi-Momoyama Period and was preserved in the domain of Kumamoto in the Edo Period, called Hosokawa-ryu Kyuba-gunrei Kojitsu (Hosokawa's ancient practices of customs about archery, troops and military etiquette).
- 同じ平安時代には雀小弓(すずめこゆみ)といって子供の玩具としての弓矢があり、雀という名称は小さいことや子供を示すとされる。
- During the Heian period, there was another Yumiya called suzume koyumi (sparrow short bow, very short bow) which was used as a toy for children, and the name of suzume was regarded to show small things or children.
- 弓矢が日本の歴史の中で公家や武家にとって重要であったことから、矢筒も様々に変化し、儀礼用や戦いのためのものなど細分化した。
- Since Yumiya had been important for kuge and samurai families in Japanese history, Yazutsu also had changed and segmentalized for ceremonies and for battles.
- さらには見えない魔物や魔を祓う、武器や楽器のように使用するものとして、「鳴弦」や現代に伝わる「破魔矢・破魔弓」などがある。
- In addition, 'meigen' (resounding bowstrings), the present 'hamaya' (ritual arrows to drive away devils) and 'hamayumi' (ceremonial bow used to drive off evil) are used as a weapon or musical instrument to exorcize invisible monsters and devils.
- 和弓を除き、使いこなすには相当な腕力が必要であり、ほとんどが単弓で弓丈が長いことから重いため、弓歩兵が使用したといわれる。
- It needs an amount of strength to use it except for the Japanese bow, and since almost all of them are simple bows and are heavy it is said to have been used by foot soldiers.
- - アルテミスとはゼウスとレートーの子でとはアポローンとは双子であり、月の神でもある事から「銀の矢」を持つ弓矢の神である。
- Artemis is the son between Zeus and Leto and is the twin brother of Apollo, and he is the god of Yumiya with 'a silver arrow' because he is the moon god.
- 現在日本国内には公設・私設合わせて1,400箇所以上の弓道場があり、体育館等に安全を配慮した上で仮設道場を造る場合もある。
- Currently, there are more than 1,400 public and private Kyudo dojo in Japan, and in some cases temporary dojo are built in gymnasiums, etc., with due attention to safety.
- ルール面では、弓道では試合において引き戻しが許されず、矢を発射前に落とした場合は「失(しつ)」として、その矢は失格となる。
- In terms of rules, Kyudo doesn't allow the arrow to be returned to its original position in a match, and the arrow that is dropped before shooting is disqualified as 'shitsu' (an error).
- 三曲合奏とは、三曲の楽器である地歌三味線(三弦)、箏、胡弓の三種の楽器による合奏編成、及びそれにより演奏される音楽をいう。
- 'Sankyoku gasso' means the ensemble made up of 'sankyoku' (instrumental trio); originally, the trio was 'shamisen' (also called 'sangen,' the three-string Japanese banjo) for accompanying 'Jiuta' (songs of the country), 'koto' (the long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) and 'kokyu' (the Chinese fiddle), but it also means the ensemble music itself.
- 胡弓本曲に三味線または箏を合わせることはあったが、これは主に「地」で伴奏する形であり、普通二重奏までで三曲合奏にはしない。
- Occasionally, shamisen or koto would join in kokyu honkyoku, but both of them did so merely as an accompaniment and the ensemble was usually a duet instead of a trio.
- 鉄砲伝来まで弓矢は最有力の武器であったことから重んじられ、的中と矢の威力を高めるため、技術の発展と道具の改良がなされてきた。
- The bow and arrow was highly valued as the most prevailing weapon in Japan before the introduction of firearms, so technique had been developed and their equipment and strength of the arrow improved to improve the hitting ratio.
- 世情が落ち着いた昭和29年(1954年)、昭和27年に起きた大日本武徳会再建活動が再度活発となり、弓道連盟内でも問題となる。
- When the state of society settled in 1954, the movement to re-establish Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, which had occurred two years earlier, became active again and emerged as an issue within the Kyudo federation as well.
- 弓矢から派生したものとして吹き矢・ダーツ(日本では投げ矢という)・クロスボウ(機械弓のこと)・バリスタ (兵器)などがある。
- Various bows and also arrows have been developed from Yumiya such as blowguns, darts (called nageya in Japan), crossbows (machine bow), varistor (weapon) and so on.
- - クピードーとはエロースが元になり、天使 (通用)のようなイメージに転化され、恋愛成就の手助けをする、「恋の弓矢」を持つ神。
- Cupid is the god with 'Yumiya for love' to help the success of love, who originates from Eros and is imagined to be an angel.
- 八幡大菩薩ともいい、応神天皇の事でもあるが、応神天皇を主神として、神功皇后、比売神を合わせて八幡三神とも捉えられている弓矢神。
- It is also called Hachiman Daibosatsu and refers to Emperor Ojin, and is the god of Yumiya seen as the main god of Hachiman sanshin (three gods) with the other gods of Empress Jingu and Hime no kami.
- アーチェリー(洋弓)はかつて全日本弓道連盟が「洋弓部」として管轄し、1958年には国際アーチェリー連盟(FITA)に加盟した。
- Archery (Yokyu (Western-style archery)) was once under the jurisdiction of the All Nippon Kyudo Federation as the 'Yokyu Division,' and in 1958 it became a member of the Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc (FITA).
- このように三曲合奏が多音的な展開を見せたのも、地歌の手事もの、箏曲の段もの、胡弓本曲など器楽的な発展が著しかったからであろう。
- Sankyoku gasso developed in such a polyphonic way probably because there was much development in instrumental works, such as Jiuta's 'tegotomono' (pieces with long instrumental interludes called 'tegoto'), koto music's 'danmono' (leveled pieces) and kokyu music's 'honkyoku' (pieces composed in the early days).
- 東海地方では武士以外に庄屋・名主層にも弓術が普及し、現在でも「お祭り弓」と称して神社において祭礼と結びついた形で保存されている。
- In the Tokai region, besides being popular among the samurai, archery is also popular among Shoya (village headman) and in the Nanushi hierarchy (village headman); even now, it is preserved in the form of the so-called 'Omatsuri-yumi' (archery for the festival), which is related to festivals in the Shinto shrine.
- 流派組織の規模の大きなものとして、財団法人生弓会(本多流)、小笠原流同門会、浦上同門会(日置流印西派(いんさいは))などがある。
- Large-scale school organizations include Zaidanhojin Seikyukai (Seikyukai Foundation) (Honda-ryu school), Ogasawararyu Domonkai and Urakami Domonkai (Heki-ryu Insai-ha).
- なお、『大鏡』に伝えられている道隆の弟・藤原道長と嫡男・藤原伊周が弓 (武器)の勝負をしたとされているのが道隆時代の南院である。
- According to 'Okagami' (a book on Japanese historical tales), it is said that FUJIWARA no Michinaga, a younger brother of Michitaka and FUJIWARA no Korechika, heir to Michitaka, fought with bows and arrows (weapons) in the nanin hall in the Michitaka era.
- 「弓は三つ物」という言葉は騎射三物のことであり「武士(もののふ)の嗜み(たしなみ)としてこの三つが大切である」という意味を指す。
- The expression 'a bow is mitsumono (three things)' means Kisha-Mitsumono and means 'these three were important as the accomplishments of samurai.'
- ヨーロッパや中華文明圏では、機械弓や大型機械弓も発明され、破壊力や飛距離のあるものも作られ、矢だけではなく砲弾などが使用された。
- In European and Chinese civilizations, a mechanized bow and a large machine bow was invented which provided destruction power and a long range, and cannonballs were also used with them as well as arrows.
- ただ、胡弓楽から「巣籠」や「獅子」といった器楽的要素が地歌に取り入れられ、地歌の器楽的発展のひとつの要素となった点は重要である。
- However, it was important that Jiuta should acquire the instrumental facet of kokyu pieces, such as 'Tsuru no sugomori' (The Cranes Nesting) and 'Yachiyojishi' (Lion of Eight Thousand Generations, from the 16th century), because this became a basic factor in Jiuta's instrumental development.
- 主な活動団体としては、徳山師家道場・徳山正射会、浦上同門会、筑波大学弓道研究室、桜一射会、一水会、薩摩日置流腰矢保存会などがある。
- The main active groups include Tokuyama Shika Dojo (training hall of Tokuyama, teachers' house), Tokuyama Seishakai, Urakami Domonkai, archery laboratory of the University of Tsukuba, Sakura-isshakai (archery circle), Issuikai, Satsuma Heki-ryu Koshiya Hozonkai (Preservation Society of Koshiya - archery for battle where a group of archers shoot under the command of a general - of the Heki school in Satsuma).
- 弥生時代から存在する和琴 (わごん)などを除き、ほとんどの楽器は中国大陸伝来 (胡弓は不明) のものに変化が加えられたものである。
- Most Wagakki were produced by modifying the original instruments introduced from the Asian continent, except for those such as the Wagon, which have been present since the Yayoi period (it is unknown whether the Kokyu originated from the Asian continent).
- また天に向かって弓を引く容姿で描かれた姿(高野山に伝えられる「天弓愛染明王像」等)や、双頭など異形の容姿で描かれた絵図も現存する。
- Additionally, there exists a figure of Aizen Myoo that draws a bow toward Heaven (such as 'the statue of Aizen Myoo with celestial bow' at Mt. Koya) and pictures on which different features are drawn, such as two heads.
- 以降は日本古来の武術、弓 (武器)の中でも長弓に分類される和弓を用いて矢を射る日本の弓術のことを述べ、またこれを指して弓術とする。
- Japanese Kyujutsu is the art of shooting a bow (Wakyu -Japanese bow classified as Chokyu, or long bow), and arrow.
- 日本では大弓(長弓のこと)・小弓と言う分類しかなく、短弓は小弓とは弓の描く弧の形状が違うので、分類上において設けられた言葉である。
- In Japan there is only the classification of Daikyu long bow and short bow, and the word Tankyu was created because it was different from a short bow in the shape of an arc.
- 正倉院御物の「弾弓散楽図」などから推測される限りでは、軽業や手品、物真似、曲芸、歌舞音曲など様々な芸能が含まれていたものとされる。
- What we can guess from 'Dankyu Sangaku zu,' one of the Shoso-in gyobutsu (Shoso-in Treasures), is that various arts such as acrobatics, the conjuring of tricks, mimicry, stunts, dance and music, etc., were included in Sangaku.
- 三種の楽器(地歌三味線、箏、胡弓)が合奏される由来は、もともとこれらがすべて当道座に属する盲人音楽家が扱う楽器であったからである。
- Ensembles of three types of instruments (shamisen, koto and kokyu) began to be played, because all these instruments were originally played by the blind musicians who belonged to Todo-za, the traditional guild for the blind.
- 放つ心・止める心・無の心(無我の境地、色即是空、我考える故我在り)・残す心・丹ずる心・錬る心について詳しくは弓道または弓術を参照。
- As for ho-shin, shi-shin, mu-shin (a state of mind free from delusion, shikisokuzeku - form is emptiness, matter is void, all is vanity, and I exist because I think), zan-shin, tan-shin and ren-shin, see the article of Kyudo (Japanese art of archery) or Kyujutsu (Japanese art of archery) for details.
- 日置流(へきりゅう)とは、古流の逸見流を学んだ日置弾正政次(へきだんじょうまさつぐ)(正次とも)が確立した、和弓の流派の一つである。
- Heki school was established by Masatsugu Danjo HEKI, who learned in the ancient Henmi school.
- 弓術の流派には様々な名称のものが伝わるが、古い流派は実体が不明なものが多く、「流」とは称していても今日的な流派と同様のものではない。
- Various names were seen in the schools of Kyujutsu, but the actual activities of many old schools are not known so the name of 'school' did not have the same meaning of today's school.
- 礼法だけが独立したように取り扱われることがあるが、その歴史的背景から、弓と馬と礼の三つが揃ってはじめて小笠原流とするのが適切である。
- Occasionally, only manners are taught but, taking into account the historical background, the Ogasawara-ryu can only be considered complete with the three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy'.
- 正統な弓馬礼法の継承者として、明治神宮や熱田神宮、伊勢神宮、靖国神社、鶴岡八幡宮などで、年間四十回以上の公的な神事を執り行っている。
- He is the official successor of the arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy and holds over 40 public rituals a year at shrines including Meiji-jingu Shrine, Atsuta-jingu Shrine, Ise-jingu Shrine, Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine.
- ヒンドゥー教と同様に密教・仏教にも弓矢を持つ神々が存在するが、起源はヒンドゥー教であり、またはヒンドゥー教の神と習合させた神である。
- Although the gods with Yumiya are also seen in Esoteric Buddhism and Buddhism as well as Hinduism, they are gods originating from Hinduism or mixed with gods of Hinduism.
- また常に地域間で戦いがあった訳ではなく、切迫した命の危険がない事と日々の糧が十分得られれば、弓矢を改良する必要がなかったからである。
- In addition, this is also because the battles between different regions did not always happen so, there was no risk to life, and they did not need to improve Yumiya if they could obtain enough food for living.
- 左部のものを弓手の草摺(ゆんでのくさずり、「太刀懸の草摺」・「射向の草摺」とも)、右部のものを脇楯の草摺(わいだてのくさずり)と呼ぶ。
- The left one is called 'Yunde no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for the shooting arm), 'Tachikake no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for sword-hanging) or 'Imuke no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for shooting), while the right one is called 'Waidate no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for shoulder shield).
- 日置弥左衛門範次 - 安松左近吉次 - 同新三郎良清 - 弓削甚左衛門正次 - 同弥六郎繁次 - 石堂竹林坊如成 (氏名には異説あり)
- Noritsugu Yazaemon HEKI - Yoshitsugu Sakon YASUMATSU - Yoshikiyo Shinzaburo YASUMATSU - Masatsugu Jinzaemon YUGE - Shitetsugu Yarokuro YUGE - Josei Chikurinbo ISHIDO (the names are controversial).
- 小笠原流・武田流は「もっぱら法式を第一とする」(「弓術要覧」『古事類苑 武技部』』)とされ、弓馬に関する故実(弓馬故実)の流派である。
- Ogasawara school and Takeda school is said 'to place priority on etiquette' ('Kyujutsu-yoran (directory of archery)', 'Bugibu of Kojiruien encyclopedia') and schools of ancient practices on Kyuba (Kyuba-kojitsu).
- 日本の弓術がいつ頃『術』として体系化されたか、また起源など弓矢の始まりが先史時代という事もあり明確な資料に乏しく定かにはなっていない。
- It's not sure when Japanese Kyujutsu was systematized as a 'technique' not only because of the lack of clear records, but also partly because the use of the bow and arrow began in prehistoric times.
- 昭和42年(1967年)3月29日、文部省発体120号の通達により、弓道が高校正課体育種目として体育の時間に指導することが可能となる。
- On March 29, 1967, the Ministry of Education's Physical Development Issue 120 was announced, thereby allowing Kyudo to be taught in physical education classes as a regular curriculum for high school physical education.
- 昔は、和帽子(柔帽子)という角の入っていないものが本流であった(角入りでは、馬上で弓を引いたり、刀を握ることが出来ないので都合が悪い。
- In the past, waboshi (a soft glove (without a hardened thumb)), which had no tsuno inside, was mainstream (the tsuno can be inconvenient because one can neither draw a bow while on horseback nor hold a sword).
- - 機械弓など特殊な弓以外では、矢の瞬間最高速度は、秒速約90m位有るが、弓の性能、矢の形状、引き具合などの要因で、速くも遅くもなる。
- The highest instant rate for an arrow is about 90 meters per second except with particular bows such as the machine bow, which depends more on the ability of bow, the form of arrow and how strong a bow string is pulled.
- したがって、「六段の調」、「八段の調」、「乱れ」などは初期の箏本曲(本来、箏のために作られた曲、これらも三弦、胡弓と合奏が可能)である。
- Therefore, numbers such as 'Rokudan no Shirabe' (Music of Six Steps), 'Hachidan no Shirabe' (Music of Eight Steps) and 'Midare' (one of the best-known classical works for so (koto)) are early sohonkyoku (numbers originally created for so (koto), but they can also be played in ensembles with sangen and kokyu).
- 江戸では、18世紀中頃に藤植検校により藤植流胡弓が成立していたが、山田検校により山田流箏曲が興ると、それに加わり合奏されるようになった。
- In Edo, the Fujiue school of kokyu music was founded by Fujiue Kengyo around the middle of the 18th century, and when the Yamada school of koto music was founded by Yamada Kengyo, Fujiue's kokyu music participated in Yamada's koto music and they began to play tunes together.
- 明治28年(1895年)当時の武道家有志により大日本武徳会を結成、弓術も奨励され心身鍛錬を目的として学校教育に取り入れられる等普及を図る。
- In 1895 some volunteers of martial artists at that time organized The Dainippon Butoku-kai association and promoted the spread of Kyujutsu, which was incorporated into school education to discipline the mind and the body.
- これまでリードを続けてきた地歌は、すでにこれ以上進みようがないほど音楽的に頂点に達し、音楽家たちは新たな展開を箏や胡弓に求めることとなった。
- Jiuta had represented the cutting edge, but were now seen to have reached a level which could not be surpassed, and this led musicians look for new ways to develop koto and kokyu music.
- 武徳会弓道部長 跡部 定次郎が委員長となり、同年11月10日より京都・武徳殿で「統一射法」に向けて3日間にわたる議論が交わされることとなる。
- Sadajiro ATOBE, the director of the Kyudo-bu in Butoku Kai, became the committee's chairman, and discussions for 'the united shooting form' were held for three days, beginning on November 10, at the Butokuden in Kyoto.
- 弓道場は競技の違いから近的場、遠的場があり、同時に的前に立てる人数(置ける的の数)はその道場の規模によって1人〜15人以上と大きく幅がある。
- Kyudo dojo are categorized as kyudo dojo for regular close-range shooting or kyudo dojo for long-distance shooting, and the number of people who can face the target (the number of targets to be placed) varies from one to 15 or more, depending on the size of the dojo.
- 今日では全日本弓道連盟により「一手射礼」「巻藁射礼」などいくつかの射礼が定められており、現存の各流派もそれぞれ独自の射礼(体配)を伝えている。
- Today some Jarai are defined by The All Nippon Kyudo Federation like 'Hitote-sharei (a way of ceremonial shooting with a pair of arrows)' and 'Makiwara-sharei (a way of ceremonial shooting to shoot a straw target)' and the existing schools, each handed down their own individual sharei (Taikubari).
- 弓術をはじめとする各武術は、技術を目的とした武術を改め大和心涵養を目的とした武道とし、大正8年(1920年)武術専門学校を武道専門学校と改称。
- Various martial arts, including Kyujutsu, shifted their focus from technique to the cultivation of the Japanese spirit, and in 1920 the Bujutsu Senmon Gakko was renamed as Budo Senmon Gakko.
- それぞれ、蓬の矢(よもぎのや)・桑の弓(くわのゆみ)とも言い、男の子が生まれた時に前途の厄を払うため、家の四方に向かって桑の弓で蓬の矢を射た。
- The former is also called yomogi no ya (mugwort arrow) and the latter is kuwa no yumi (mulberry bow), and yomogi no ya was shot in four directions of the house by kuwa no yumi in order to be rid of future disaster when a boy was born.
- 中国のもので非常に珍しく、矢ではなく球を放つ弓で、元は武器であったが、日本の猿楽の起源の一つである唐の散楽の見世物や庶民の遊技として使われた。
- It is a very unique bow in China which shoots a ball instead of an arrow, and it was used in the performance of Sangaku of Tang which was one of the origins of sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries) or for the pleasure of the common people, although it was originally a weapon.
- 「幸(さち)」が「弓矢・釣竿と釣り針」を示したり、狩りの獲物や漁の獲物を指す「山の幸・海の幸」を表す謂れとなる物語の海幸彦と並ぶ主人公である。
- He was the central character of the tale with Umisachihiko in which the word 'sachi' (happiness) meant 'Yumiya and fishing rod and hook,' and the word 'Yama no sachi and Umi no sachi' came to show games of hunting and fishing in later ages.
- 日置流が斜面打ち起こしの射法であるのは、弓の握り方に独特の教えがあるからであり、矢を放つ際に的中率・貫通率を高める事等を目的としている為である。
- Heki school teaches the shooting method of 'Shamen-uchiokoshi' (anchoring in a slanted position) because it has peculiar teaching about how to grip the bow, also the purpose is to increase the chance of hitting the target and the penetrating rate when the arrow is shot.
- しかし、発展過程がそれぞれ異なる、日置流(武射系)や小笠原流(礼射系)の文化的・歴史的な背景に敬意を払い、よく理解して弓道を学ぶことが望ましい。
- However, because the development processes are respectively different, it is hoped that students of archery will pay respect to and understand well the cultural and historical backgrounds of the Heki school (busha group) and the Ogasawara school (reisha group).
- 壁により敵の侵入を防ぎながら、塔から高さを生かした攻撃を行うもので、重力を利用すれば、弓矢の威力は増し、単なる石や丸太も武器と化すことができた。
- Enemies were prevented from entering the walls and the enemies were attacked from towers by taking advantage of their height, which increased the power of arrows, while simple stones and logs could be used as weapons when gravity was used.
- エロースの弓矢が発端となり、アポローンとダプネーが織成す悲恋が、オリンピックの勝者への月桂樹の冠(かんむり)の贈呈の謂れ(いわれ)となっている。
- The tale of the tragic love between Apollo and Daphne which was triggered by Eros's Yumiya is the origin of the daphne crown which is given to the winner at the Olympic games.
- 近的場との併設が殆どで、現在は敷地面積の制約上、東京武道館弓道場など近・遠的射場を上下二階建てに設計された道場やアーチェリーとの併用も見られる。
- Most are built next to a Kyudo dojo for the regular close-range shooting, and today, due to space limitations, there are dojo built across two floors, such as the Kyudo dojo in Tokyo Budoh-Kan, or those that are also used for archery.
- その後後醍醐天皇の時代には七代小笠原貞宗(礼法家)と小笠原常興(弓馬術礼法家)、が『修身論』と『体用論』をまとめ、今の小笠原流の基礎を築いている。
- During the rule of Emperor Godaigo, the 7th generation Sadamune OGASAWARA (from the school of manners) and Tsuneoki (常興) OGASAWARA (from the school of horseback archery) authored 'Shushinron (moral training theory)' and 'Taiyoron (theory about how to deal with our bodies)', respectively, laying the foundations for the modern Ogasawara-ryu.
- 特に神事として祭り矢・祭り弓が盛んに行われたので、射手に選ばれれば、その地域の吉凶を左右する立場から、多くの庶民が的場に通い熟練者に師事を仰いだ。
- Especially since matsuriya and matsuri yumi were performed actively as a Shinto ritual, many common people who might have been selected as an archer to tell fortunes in the region went to matoba and learned from the masters.
- 世界各地に残る原始宗教において弓矢や吹き矢は狩りの道具であるとともに酋長などが兼任する、祈祷師(シャーマン)の祈祷や占い、呪術などの道具でもある。
- In the existing primitive religions in various parts of the world, Yumiya and blowguns were not only a tool for hunting, but also a tool for praying, fortune-telling, magic and so on performed by a shaman who was the same as a chief.
- また世界各地の多神教文明において弓矢は霊力や呪詛が宿る道具として考えられており、古代ギリシアやヒンドゥー教や日本の神道などの神話に記述されている。
- In addition, in polytheistic civilizations in various parts of the world, Yumiya is considered to be a tool with spiritual power and a curse and is described in the mythologies on ancient Greece, Hinduism, Japanese Shinto, and so on.
- 弥生時代時代に入ると狩猟生活から稲作へと人々の生活が変化、それに伴い土地や水源確保のため領地争いが盛んになり、戦いの場で弓矢も武器として使用される。
- In the Yayoi Period life changed from hunting and gathering to rice farming, which led to many problems on lands in order to getting field and water, so the bow and arrow developed into weapons on the battlefield.
- 江戸後期から矢場や楊弓場に現れた、矢を拾い集める係りの従業員であり、客の放つ矢を掻い潜って(かいくぐって)行うのが一つの「芸」であり、客も楽しんだ。
- An employee who gathered arrows at the yaba and yokyuba archery ranges, and while avoiding arrows shot by guests she gathered them as a kind of 'performance' to delight them.
- 仲哀天皇(ちゅうあいてんのう)が、神である天若日子の霊力を持つ弓矢を使い、「塵輪」という黒雲に乗って天かける翼をもつ鬼を、退治した事に由来する神楽。
- This is a Kagura that the Emperor Chuai employed to get rid of the ogre named 'Jinrin' who had wings to fly in the sky by using Yumiya which had the spiritual power of the god, Amenowakahiko.
- - 合成弓ともいい、モーメント応力を考え強度が必要な箇所を革や金属などで被い補強したものや、動物の腱を使い緊張力を付加する事により反発力を高めた弓。
- It is also called a composite bow, where parts are strengthened by covering them with leather or metal to withstand the stress of movement and to provide more force in propelling the arrow by using a tendon of animal for the bow string, adding tonicity.
- 現在では、同じ「弓道」という競技において、本来は目的の異なる別のものである「歩射」「騎射」「堂射」の違いを深く理解している射手は少数となってしまった。
- Nowadays, they are both categorized as competitive game 'Archery,' though, there are a small number of archers who thoroughly understand the difference between 'walking archery,' 'riding archery,' and 'long-range archery,' the purposes of which were originally different.
- 明治維新以前は、弓を引くことは一部の例外を除いて武士階級のみが許されていたが、維新後は一般庶民でも弓が引けるようになり、急速に遊戯化・娯楽化が進んだ。
- Until the Meiji Restoration, with some exceptions, only members of the samurai class were allowed to draw bows, but after the restoration the common people were allowed to draw bows, and it rapidly became a game or an amusement.
- 和弓には弓の右側に位置する矢を真っ直ぐに押し出す為の『入木』という反りが付けられており、射法もそれを活かす為に『角見(つのみ)』の技術が発達してきた。
- A warp called 'Iriki' is set on Wakyu in order to push the arrow along the right side of a bow, and the technique of shooting called 'Tunomi (the balance of tension at the root of the thumb)' was developed to take advantage of it.
- 弓射の分類は伝統的に騎射と歩射の二分類であるが、江戸時代に堂射が隆盛し独自の発展を遂げたので、射法の系統としては堂射を加えた3分類とされることが多い。
- Yumiire has been traditionally classified into Kisha and Busha, but Dosha is often added as another style of shooting, because it was in it's prime and developed independently during Edo Period.
- 弥生時代には現在の和弓の原形(長尺・上長下短:後述)が現れ戦争に使用される等、何らかの射術技法があったと推察する事も可能だが、やはり詳細は不明である。
- It is possible that in the Yayoi Period a technique existed for shooting a bow and arrow which was the original present day Wakyu (long bow with long upper half and short lower half - mentioned below) used in battle, but the details are not known.
- 弓矢の技術を高める場所は的場・弓場・射場といい、的屋(まとや)が営む、懸け物の遊技の場所を関西方面では楊弓場といい、関東方面では矢場という傾向にある。
- The place of improving Yumiya skills is called matoba, yumiba and shaba, and the place for gambling, managed by matoya, tends to be called yokyuba in the Kansai region while it is called yaba in the Kanto region.
- オーストラリアのアボリジニ(ブーメランが弓矢の位置を占める)を除き、世界中で狩りはもちろんのこと、時には漁りにも使われ、競技や戦いの場で普及してきた。
- Except for Aborigines in Australia (where the boomerang is used instead of Yumiya), it has been used not only for hunting but also for fishing, for games and fighting all over the world.
- 小笠原流が騎射を出発点とし、主に見た目の美しさや品位を重視するものであったのに対して、日置流は的中や矢の貫通力に重点を置いた実利的な歩兵用弓術であった。
- The Ogasawara school originated from shooting while riding and emphasizes chiefly beauty and elegance, on the contrary, the Heki school is practical archery for infantrymen which places emphasis on target accuracy and the penetrating power of an arrow.
- 明治4年(1871年)には廃藩置県により藩校で行われていた武術教育も姿を消し、弓術に限らず武術全般で実用性が見いだされなくなり、武術衰退に拍車をかけた。
- In 1871, with the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), martial arts education at hanko (a domain school) disappeared and its practicality was lost not only in Kyujutsu but in martial arts in general, further accelerating the decline of martial arts.
- その伝統を受け継ぐ小笠原流は武家社会での礼式に則った射の流れを汲む流派であり、今日の弓道で「礼射系」といえば、小笠原流に由来する作法や射法のことをいう。
- The Ogasawara school inherited a shooting tradition based upon the code of etiquette from the Samurai world and the 'Reisha group' in today's Kyudo means the code or style of shooting originating from the Ogasawara school.
- 8臂像は『金光明最勝王経』「大弁才天女品(ほん)」所説によるもので、8本の手には弓、矢、矛(ほこ)、鉄輪、羂索(けんさく、投げ縄)などを持つと説かれる。
- The eight armed representation is derived from the 'Daibenzaitennyo-hon' (chapter 15) teaching of the 'Konko Myosai Sho-kyo' (Golden Light of the Most Victorious Kings Sutra), and the eight hands hold objects including a bow, arrow, hoko (long-handled Chinese spear), kanawa (iron ring) and lasso.
- 弓術には流派間の違いやその特徴によって様々な射法、様式が存在するが、これらの特徴を弓射の「理念」および「射法」に着目して整理した以下の分類が一般的である。
- In Kyujutsu there are various ways and styles of shooting depending upon differences between schools, while focused on the 'principle' and 'shooting style' of Yumiire, they are generally classified as follows;
- 矢を番える際は、矢を(身体から見て)弓の右側に番え、取り掛けは右手親指根で弦を引っ掛けるようにして保持する『蒙古式(モンゴル式)(図Fig.3)』を採る。
- When a person sets an arrow to the bow, he sets it on the right side of the bow and adopts the 'Mongol form (figure.3)' for Torikake hook, in which Torikake is held at the root of right thumb, hooking the bow string.
- 武道の諸団体と相協力して維持発展に努力を期し、役員も全国から選ばれた評議員の会で純民間人を推薦してこれをあて、取扱う種目も剣道・柔道・弓道などに限定した。
- Efforts were made on behalf of conservation and development through mutual cooperation with various martial arts organizations, the board members were appointed from among the private citizens, being recommended through a council elected from around the country, and the items they handled were limited to Kendo, Judo and Kyudo.
- 胡弓も独自の楽曲である胡弓本曲を持つ一方、江戸中期からしばしば地歌や箏曲の合奏に加わっていたが、やはり即興的にユニゾンに近い状態で合わせられていたらしい。
- The kokyu, having its own music 'kokyu honkyoku' (pieces for kokyu composed in the early days), would often participate in the ensemble of Jiuta or Sokyoku from the middle of the Edo period, and this improvised performance also seems to have been in a unison-like style.
- この上下非対称の構造のため握りの上下で弓の反発力に差が生じるが、この反発力の差を利用した弓術独特の技術が生まれ、またその技術をより活かす為の造りをしている。
- This asymmetricity upper and lower sides produce a difference in the power of the bow, which results in the characteristic technique of Kyujutsu, and, Wakyu is made to take advantage of this technique.
- 中世前期まで戦場での主要な戦闘法であったが、南北朝時代 (日本)頃から弓射の主体は歩兵となり、騎兵も下馬して射るようになったため、騎射戦闘は消滅していった。
- Kisha was a major fighting style on the battlefield until early medieval times, but foot soldiers came to play a major role of Yumiire since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and horse soldiers also learned to shoot alighting from horses, so that the fighting style of Kisha had disappeared.
- 日本の弓術は独自の発展を遂げ、ヨーロッパでの短弓を用いる技術体系を元に成立した現代スポーツのアーチェリー等とは全く異なり、日本独特の技法・文化・歴史を持つ。
- Japanese Kyujutsu developed independently and has its own technique, culture, and history, and is totally different from modern sports like archery, based upon Tankyu (short bow) from Europe.
- 武徳会は事業の1つとして各武道の型統一を目指し、剣道では「大日本帝国剣道形」、柔道は「大日本武徳会柔術形」などが制定され、弓道もまた射型統一を行う事になる。
- The Butoku Kai aimed toward the unification of forms in various martial arts as one of its projects, and while 'the Kendo form of the Empire of Japan' for Kendo and 'the Jujutsu form of the Dai Nippon Butokukai' for Judo (the Japanese art of self-defense) were established, the shooting forms of Kyudo were set for unification as well.
- - 飛距離・破壊力・複数の矢の同時発射などを追求した結果、梃子の原理や滑車の原理を利用し、歯車や滑車・錘などを弓に組込み、機械化またはそれに伴い大型化した。
- As a result of pursuing flying distance, destructive power, shooting more than one arrow at the same time, the bow was mechanized by utilizing the principles of levers and pulleys or incorporating gear, pulley and spindle and the increase in size accordingly.
- なお、弓の引き方を儀礼的に行うことを一般に「礼射」というが、その際に小笠原流が「礼射」と称するところのものを日置流では「体配(たいはい)」と呼び、区別している。
- Pulling the bow in a ceremonial way is generally referred to as 'Reisha' (ceremonial shooting), however, the Heki school called this 'Reisha' of the Ogasawara school 'Taihai' (posture and manner of the martial art) in order to distinguish it.
- 印西派は戦場で徒歩武者(かちむしゃ)(歩兵の意)が用いる射法である「歩射」であり、本来は馬上で弓を引く「騎射」の射法である小笠原流とは根本的にその土台が異なる。
- Insai school is 'walking archery,' shooting method for walking troops (walking warriors) on the battle field; originally, it was different from the Ogasawara school, which is 'horseback riding archery,' shooting from horseback.
- 戦国時代初期に発生した日置流により歩射を中心とした弓射技術は大きく進歩し、様々な実戦的技術、たとえば遠矢や矢合せ、槍の脇からの射、狭間からの射などが工夫された。
- The Yumiire technique, centered on Busha (歩射), was greatly advanced by the Heki school founded in the early Sengoku Period, and various actual fighting techniques were devised such as Toya flight shooting, Ya'awase (矢合せ), shooting through the side of a spear and shooting through a narrow space.
- ただし日本以外でも、丈のある弓が使用された例があるが、ほとんどが単弓で硬く重い為、馬上から用いる事はなく、腕力のある特別に訓練された弓歩兵が、その弓を使用した。
- However, although there were examples in which a long bow was used in places other than in Japan, they were usually simple bows which were hard and heavy, and used by specially disciplined foot soldiers that had power, instead of being used on horseback.
- 特に戦に限っては「いくさ」の語源が弓で矢を放ち合う事を表す「射交わす矢(いくわすさ)」(矢・箭は古語ではサと読む)が、「いくさ(射交矢)」に変化したといわれる。
- Especially, concerning battles or wars, it is said that the term 'ikusa'(射交矢) comes from the words '射交わす矢(いくわすさ)' (ikuwasusa, that is, arrows which are shot) (the word '矢・箭' is pronounced as 'sa' in the ancient word).
- 的屋(まとや)が営む矢場や楊弓場が遊女と懸け物{景品交換式遊技場(スマートボールや温泉場や宿場の射的場)}との密接な関わりから、風営法の設立の主な要因となった。
- Yaba and yokyuba archery ranges run by matoya (stall-keepers) were closely related with yujo (a prostitute) and gambling (a pleasure place for winning prizes such as rifle ranges of smart ball, hot-spring resort, and hotels), that led to the establishment of an Act Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses, etc..
- また、弓矢は邪を祓う力があるとされ、霊器・神器として、精神性の高いものとして扱われていた(現在でも破魔弓として信仰の名残や各地で弓道、流鏑馬神事が行われている)。
- In addition, bow and arrows were considered to have the power to drive off evil and were treated as highly spiritual goods or sacred equipment (even today Hamayumi (ceremonial bow is used to drive off evil) keeps a trace of faith and Kyudo and the Yabusame-shinji ritual are performed in various places).
- 一方、日本の和弓は、特殊なゼラチン(にかわ)を開発し、接着剤として用いて竹と木材を繋ぎ合わせ、積層状の合成素材で作られた複合弓(積層弓でもある)が進歩していった。
- On the other hand, in the production of the Japanese bow, a particular gelatin (glue) was created, which led to the development of a compound bow (also called a laminated bow) made of laminated compound materials such as bamboo and wood using gelatin to bond it together.
- 江戸時代、太平の世にあって弓矢が武器としての役割を後退させる中で、武射系統も礼法を摂取することにより文武の両側面は融合し、弓術は武士階級に必須の武芸となっていった。
- In the peaceful Edo Period when the bow and arrow declined as the role of a weapon, the lineage of the Busha group incorporated rules of decorum so that both aspects of Bunsha and Busha were combined and Kyuju became the essential military art for the Samurai hierarchy.
- 実際、江戸時代末期からそこに尺八が参入したので、現在三曲と呼ぶ場合は地歌・箏曲・胡弓楽・尺八楽を総合する名称と言え、邦楽分類上不可分な一ジャンルの呼称となっている。
- In fact, shakuhachi participated in the ensemble from the end of the Edo period, so sankyoku today can be thought of as the general term for Jiuta, Sokyoku, Kokyu-gaku and Shakuhachi-gaku (shakuhachi music), which becomes the name of an inseparable genre in Japanese music.
- 戦前に大日本武徳会が柔道・剣道・弓道に段級位制武道を採用(段位制は講道館が、級位制は警視庁 (内務省)が先行して採用)して以降、他の武道にも採用され現在に至っている。
- Ever since Dainippon Butoku-kai applied the dan-kyu promotion system for judo, kendo and kyudo before the war (previously, the dan promotion system had been adopted by the Kodokan, the kyu promotion system by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (the Interior Ministry)), the other budos have also adopted the promotion system.
- また同一曲において胡弓のパートも含め三パートすべてが一人の作曲家により作られるようになったのも吉沢からであり、以後二パート、三パートを一人で作曲することが多くなった。
- It was also Yoshizawa Kengyo who composed all three parts of a tune, including the part for kokyu, all by himself for the first time in history, and thereafter many musicians came to compose two or three parts by themselves.
- ただし、江戸時代末期頃には弓術の基本的な技術体系は各種流派それぞれに通じる所もあり、特徴としての差異はあっても和弓を用いる根本的な弓射技術は各種流派とも大同小異である。
- However, around the end of the Edo Period the basic system of technique for Kyujutsu among each school became similar and the Yumiire technique for using Wakyu is essentially the same with very minor differences.
- 昭和20年(1945年)11月・12月、文部省発体80号・100号により、学校における武道(剣道・柔道・薙刀・弓道)の授業は全面的に禁止され、課外の部活動も禁止された。
- In November and December of 1945, martial art (Kendo, Judo, naginata (Japanese halberd), Kyudo) classes in schools were fully prohibited by the Ministry of Education, Physical Development issues 80 and 100, and extracurricular club activities were prohibited.
- 流れを汲む大学弓道部は、早稲田大学、法政大学、筑波大学、東京工業大学、お茶の水女子大学、関西大学、岡山大学、京都大学、大阪市立大学、大阪産業大学、東北学院大学工学部など。
- University archery clubs related to archery schools include Waseda University, Hosei University, Tsukuba University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ochanomizu University, Kansai University, Okayama University, Kyoto University, Osaka City University, Osaka Sangyo University, Department of Engineering at Tohoku Gakuin University, etc.
- これは高い弾性限界を持つ動物素材を用いる短弓と違い和弓は弾性限界の低い木・竹を張り合わせる植物素材で作られているため、耐久性と威力を求めた結果、長大になったとも言われる。
- It is said that Wakyu was made long for durability and strength because it was made from plant material such as wood and bamboo which were less elastic, while Tankyu was made from animal material which were more elastic.
- ただし胡弓入りの三曲合奏がなくなったわけではなく、現在でも各地で行なわれ、特に名古屋では比較的盛んであるし、また山田流箏曲に藤植流の胡弓が加わり三曲合奏されることもある。
- However, kokyu's participation in sankyoku gasso is still seen nationwide, such as the relatively active one in Nagoya, and sometimes the participation of the Fujiue school's kokyu music in the Yamada school's koto music is seen.
- 保存武道・無形文化財的扱いであった弓道も、満州国建国10周年を記念した「日満交歓武道大会」に選手団を新京へ派遣(昭和17年(1942年)7月)するなど積極的に活動を行う。
- Kyudo, which was treated somewhat like a conserved martial art and an intangible cultural property, participated actively in activities such as the dispatch of players to Shinkyo (Xingjing) (July 1942) for the 'Japan-Manchuria Budo Championship,' celebrating the tenth anniversary of the founding of Manchukuo.
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- 現在では全日本弓道連盟が中心になり、各流派の特徴を取り入れるなど現代社会のスポーツ性を考慮した射法が主流となって、全国的に射法が平均化され地域差が少なくなっている現状がある。
- Today, the All Nippon Kyudo Federation is taking the lead in adopting the characteristics of the schools, and with the mainstream shooting forms taking into consideration its nature as a sport in modern society, the shooting forms are becoming more consistent nationwide, so that there are fewer differences among regions.
- 他に、日置流印西派塩崎御弓保存会(一水軒の弟子・稲葉吉重が始まり)が福島県南相馬市で、上村清兵衛系の遠州系が静岡草薙神社境内の道場で、摂津系同門会が兵庫県川西市で活動している。
- Moreover, the Heki-ryu Insai-ha Shionosaki Onkyu Hozonkai (Preservation Society of archery in Shionosaki, founded by Issuiken's student Yoshishige INABA) is active in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, and the Enshu group of Seibe KAMIMURA group is active in the training hall within the premises of Kusanagi-jinja Shrine, Shizuoka, and Settsu-kei Domonkai (Fellow Association of Settsu group) is active in Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture.
- 印西派の本来の射法は「割膝(わりひざ)」という膝立ちの体勢で弓を引くものであり、戦場で敵方から放たれる矢を避けて身を隠しながら、瞬間的に身を起こし敵を射るのに非常に適している。
- For the Insai school's original shooting method, a body pose of 'opening knees' with one knee standing was adopted to pull the bow, while the body is hidden to avoid the arrow shot by the enemy on the battlefield, the body can readily be raised momentarily to shoot an enemy, so, it is very practical.
- 日本の弓術は古代より、騎乗して行う弓射・騎射(きしゃ/うまゆみ)、騎乗せず立って行う弓射・歩射(ぶしゃ/かちゆみ。近年では武射との混同を避け「ほしゃ」とも。)に分類されてきた。
- Kyujutsu in Japan has been classified into Yumiire Kisha (Umayumi) while riding a horse and Yumiire Busha (歩射) (Katiyumi. Recently it is also called 'Hosha' in order to avoid confusion with Busha (武射)).
- 現代の弓道においては通常の競技において的中主義であるため、貫通力の相対的価値が下がっていることもあり、今日では「中・貫・久」の実践を最高としているが、本来は「貫・中・久」である。
- In modern archery, since emphasis is put on Tekichu-shugi (hitting the target), penetration is valued less; nowadays, the praising order is 'Precision, Penetration and Persistenc', however, the praising order should be 'Penetration, Precision and Persistence' originally.
- つまり、同じく彼らが専門とする新しい三種の楽器(三味線(主として地歌の三味線)、箏、胡弓)」とその音楽である地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽を区別するために使われ始めたのではないかと思われる。
- In other words, they must have begun using the name sankyoku to distinguish heikyoku from their new, professionally engaged three instruments (shamisen (mainly for Jiuta), koto and kokyu) and their tunes (Jiuta, Sokyoku (koto music) and Kokyu-gaku (kokyu music)).
- また例えば地歌のある曲でも、流派によって違う箏の手、胡弓の手、尺八の手がつけられていることが多く、それもユニゾンに近いものから多音的なものまで、流派によっても傾向が異なっている。
- Even when one and the same jiuta is sung, its accompaniment melody of koto, kokyu and shakuhachi often varies from school to school, and the performance style varies from school to school, ranging from a unison-like ensemble to polyphonic one.
- 日本の弓道は、主に戦場における徒歩による弓射から発展した「歩射」と、馬上から射る弓射から発展した「騎射」、三十三間堂における通し矢の弓射から発展した「堂射」に分類することが出来る。
- Archery in Japan can be classified mainly into 'Busha/Kachiyumi' (walking archery), developed from bow shooting on foot on the battlefield, 'Kisha' (riding archery), developed from bow shooting while riding horseback, and 'Dosha' (long-range archery), developed from Toshiya (long-range archery) passing through the Sanjusangen-do Temple.
- その後、昭和26年(1951年)7月25日、文部事務次官通知により中学校以上の体育教材として弓道の実施が認可され、再び学校教育に採り入れることが許可され、課外の部活動も解禁される。
- Later, on July 25, 1951, in response to a notification from the Administrative Vice-Minister of Education, Kyudo was approved as a tool for physical education in junior high school and above; thus it was permitted to be used again in school education, and the ban on extracurricular club activities was lifted.
- 本来は竹と木材を鰾(ニベ。ゼラチンの一種)で張り合わせた竹弓だが、現在では合成接着剤で張り合わせた竹弓や、安価な繊維強化プラスチック(ガラス繊維、炭素繊維)製のものが普及している。
- Originally, it was a bamboo bow made of bamboo and wood glued together with isinglass (a kind of gelatin), but today bamboo bows glued with synthetic adhesive or affordable ones made of fiber-reinforced plastic (glass fiber, carbon fiber) are popular.
- 戦国後期に「弓」が戦場の主戦力から後退するが、依然「弓射」は武士の表芸とされ武士の間での人気も高く、心身鍛練の道として泰平の江戸の世においても弓は引かれ弓術流派、射術は発展していく。
- The 'Bow and arrow' retired from the status of major weapon in battlefields in the latter part of the Sengoku Period, but 'Yumiire' remained popular as a profession among Samurai so, that drawing a bow was considered to be a discipline of mind and body even during the peaceful Edo Period and various schools of Kyujutsu and ways of shooting developed.
- また様々な竹と木材を張り合わせた積層弓は、日本の軽工業に欠かせない、ゼラチン(にかわ)の発展にも寄与し「にべ」(「にべもない」という語源になっている)と言う特殊な接着剤も生み出した。
- In addition, a laminated bow made by bonding various types of bamboo and wood together, has contributed the development of gelatin (glue) which is important for light industry in Japan, and has created a special bond called 'nibe' (drumfish, the origin of the word 'nibemonai' (flat refusal)).
- 宮崎県飫肥地方(現日南市)発祥の四半的弓道は、戦国時代に農民が半弓を持って戦闘に参加して勝利に貢献した功により、領主から遊戯用として使用を許されたと伝わるもので、同地で愛好されてきた。
- Shihanmato Kyudo, originating from the Obi district, Miyazaki Prefecture (presently Nichinan City) was said to have allowed archery games by a lord because of the farmer's contribution to a victory in battle using the Hankyu, small-sized bow, during the Sengoku Period.
- 平成元年(1989年)、高等学校学習指導要領改訂にともない、「格技」は「武道」に改められ、これまで「格技」ではなく「個人種目」に含まれていた弓道は、「武道」の領域に含まれる事になった。
- In 1989, with the revision of the government course guidelines for high school, 'combative sports' was changed to 'martial arts,' and Kyudo, which was placed under 'individual events' instead of 'combative sports,' was included in the 'martial arts' domain.
- これらの外に、奈良県高市郡高取町の束明神古墳(草壁皇子の真弓山稜か)、方形墳の上に八角形の墳丘を造っている可能性のある明日香村の岩屋山古墳(斉明陵か)などが八角形墳の可能性を指摘されている。
- Other tombs that follow, may be octagonal: Tsukamyojin-kofun Tumulus (likely to be Mayumiyama-ryo Tumulus of Prince Kusakabe) in Takatori-cho, Takaichi-gun, Nara prefecture; and Iwayayama-kofun Tumulus (likely to be Saimei-ryo Tumulus) which probably consist of an octagonal mound.
- 滅多は「多くの物が無くなる」即ち見当が付かない事を指し、鱈(タラ)は鱈腹(たらふく)の鱈で多いと言う意味があり、矢鱈は「たくさんの矢を放つ」という意味にもとれ、語源が弓矢にある事を窺わせる。
- The word metta means 'many things disappear,' that is, having no clue, the word tara means plenty as the word tarafuku shows, and the word yatara can be understood as 'shooting many arrows,' which indicates that the origin of the word is in Yumiya.
- 胡弓の代わりに尺八が加わることも江戸時代後半から行なわれていたが、明治初年に虚無僧制度が廃止されて以降、尺八が積極的に三曲合奏に進出し、今日では胡弓よりも尺八が加わる方が圧倒的に多くなった。
- Later in the Edo period, shakuhachi began to participate in sankyoku gasso instead of kokyu, and from the first year of the Meiji period, when the governmental protection of 'komuso' (a mendicant Zen priest of the Fuke sect) was ended, shakuhachi performers actively entered the world of sankyoku gasso, and therefore shakuhachi predominates over kokyu in sankyoku gasso today.
- しかし国内のアーチェリー団体からの要請や、1967年の第24回世界選手権に出場した和弓選手の惨敗などを受けて、1968年にFITA加盟権を全日本アーチェリー連盟に移譲し、洋弓への関与を終えた。
- However, upon requests from domestic archery organizations, and due to the crushing defeat of the archers of Japanese bow who participated in the 24th world championship in 1967, they transferred the FITA membership to the All Japan Archery Federation in 1968 and ended their involvement in Yokyu.
- 弓矢の構造や効果(飛翔性)は、力学や放物線(微分・積分)という概念がない頃から世界各地おいて、それらについて試行錯誤されてきた道具であり、初期の機械工学の発展の要因(機械弓、カタパルト)である。
- The structure and effect (flying capability) of Yumiya has been developed by trial and error in various parts of the world since the period when the idea of dynamics and parabola (differential and integral calculus) were not created, which led to the development of early machine engineering by producing the machine bow and the catapult.
- つまり印西派は、弓矢が強力な武器であった時代において、戦場で戦う徒歩武者が如何に敵を射殺できるか、その鍛錬と戦場での実践のために編み出された射法であり、文字通り極めて実戦的かつ合理的なものである。
- In other words, the Insai school teaches a shooting method conceived during an era when powerful bows and arrows were used and by walking warriors who fight on the battlefield to kill the enemy, as the name suggests, it is extremely practical and reasonable.
- 祭りや市や縁日が立つ寺社の参道や境内、門前町・鳥居前町・遊郭で出店や夜店として大規模な楊弓店、から小さな矢場といわれる小店があり、弓矢を使い的に当て、的の位置や種類により、商品や賞金が振舞われた。
- It ranged from large-sized Yokyu shops opened at festivals, sando (an approach to a temple) or precincts of a shrine on the days of festivities, Monzen-machi (a temple town), Toriimae-machi (town in front of torii - Shinto shrine gateway) and yukaku (red-light district) to small shops called yaba, where Yumiya was used to hit a target and prizes or money was given in accordance with the positions or types targets.
- 弓道は『弓と禅』(オイゲン・ヘリゲル著)などの著作で精神性を重んじる面が取り上げられたことなどから外国人の関心を惹き、オリンピック種目でないにもかかわらず欧米各国中心に競技団体が設立され愛好されている。
- Kyudo attracted the attention of foreigners through books such as 'Zen in the Art of Archery,' by Eugen Herrigel, in which the focus on spirituality was introduced, and even though it isn't an Olympic sport it's enjoyed especially in Europe and the United States with sports associations established there.
- 飛鳥時代末期には文武天皇により『大射禄法』が定められた辺りを皮切りに、朝廷の間で次第に弓射に関する礼射、礼法が整理され、また同時に技術も体系化、単なる射術から『弓術』として成立していったものと思われる。
- At the end of the Asuka Period, since the establishment of 'Taisha-rokuho' by Emperor Monmu, Reisha and rules of decorum for Yumiire began to be gradually organized and the technique was also systematized and established as 'Kyujutsu' at the same time, based on the simple technique of shooting.
- 日本の合戦は中世の弓や近世の鉄砲などといった遠距離兵器が主体であり、中距離での戦いは槍などで闘ったあと、短刀や鎧通しで頸動脈を切るための組み打ちで終結するため、日本刀は槍の補助として使われる事が多かった。
- Battles in Japan had mainly long-distance weapons including bows in the middle age and guns in the modern age, and as for a middle-distance fight, after fighting with Yari (spears), they ended up wrestling to cut the carotid artery by Tanto (short sword) or Yoroidoshi (knife going through armor), so Japanese swords were usually used as assistance for Yari.
- また、岡山藩の印西派が当流と呼ばれる所以は、池田侯と当時の将軍が弓の勝負をした際に池田侯が勝利し、池田侯が当家でも「当流」と称させて欲しいと願い出たところ、将軍が褒美の意味で当流と称すことを許可した事から。
- Moreover, the reason why the Insai school of Okayama Domain was called 'Toryu' is that, when the shogun at that time competed with Ikeda-ko (daimyo IKEDA) in an archery match, Ikeda-ko won, then Ikeda-ko requested to be also called 'Toryu' and the shogun allowed his request.
- また、日本の古代音楽を最も古い形のまま現在まで伝承しているとされる恐山などのイタコが、交霊の際に演奏する楽器の一つとしても用いられる(ただし和琴を使うのはごく一部で、一般にイタコが用いる楽器は梓弓が多い)。
- Wagon is also played by itako (the Japanese shaman) of Osore-zan Mountain in the ceremony of necromancy, and this music is believed to be the oldest existing Japanese ancient music (provided that a small minority of itako use wagon and azusayumi - a bow made of Japanese cherry birch - is generally used by other itako).
- 一方で弓は武器として狩猟、戦場で用いられた事は勿論だが、人々の間で弓矢には霊妙な力があると信じられており、奈良時代には弓矢の奉納、弓射神事が行われ、またそれらを起源とした祭りや神事が現在でも各地に残っている。
- On the other hand, not only was a bow used as a weapon for hunting and for battle, but also Yumiya/Kyushi (bow and arrow) were believed to have spiritual power, so that in Nara Period dedications of Yumiya and Yumiire shrine rituals were performed, which became the origin of present festivals and shrine rituals in various places.
- 道具では、弓道もアーチェリーも本質的には同じであるが、アーチェリーの弓には(競技種目にもよるが)多数の補助具(スタビライザー、サイト(照準器)、クリッカーなど)を付けるのに対し、和弓は基本的に弓と弦だけである。
- In terms of tools, Kyudo and archery are essentially the same, but while in archery many supplementary tools (stabilizer, sight (sighting device), clicker, etc.) are attached to the bow (depending on the athletic event), the Japanese bow is basically a bow and string.
- ただし、全日本弓道連盟の「統一見解による射法」は非常に曖昧なもので、指導者によって技術論に差異が認められるなど全日本剣道連盟による「剣道」(「大日本帝国剣道形」の名称変更)の様ないわゆる「統一射法」は存在しない。
- However, the 'shooting form based on a unified view' of the All Nippon Kyudo Federation is vague, with differences in regard to technical theory being apparent among instructors, and consequently there is no so-called 'united shooting form' such as the 'Kendo form of Japan' (the name of which was changed from 'the Kendo form of the Empire of Japan') by the All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF).
- 一方で、古来から続く弓道、弓術流派は自身の発展の土台(「騎射」「歩射」「堂射」の内のどれか)を重要視、または流祖の教え、古流の保存など、それぞれの目的に合わせ一貫した技術・教えにより古来からの伝統を受け継いでいる。
- Meanwhile, the Kyudo and Kyujutsu schools continuing from ancient times either value the foundation (either Kisha, Busha or Dosha) of their development or assume the ancient tradition through consistent techniques and teachings that meet the different purposes by preserving the teachings of the ryuso (a founder of a school, an originator), traditional schools, etc.
- (洋弓は人指し指から薬指を使って弦を保持する『地中海式(図Fig.1)』を採る)蒙古式の取り掛けはトルコ・モンゴル・中国・朝鮮など短弓を使用する地域にも共通して見られ、また蒙古式を採る射法では多く矢を弓の右側に番える。
- (Yokyu (Western-style archery) adopts 'Mediterranean style (figure.1)' in which a string is held with the forefinger, mid finger and annular finger.) The Torikake of Menggu style is seen commonly in regions where Tankyu is used such as Turkey, Mongolia, China, and Korea, and in the Menggu style of shooting an arrow is often set on the right side of the bow.
- 『現代弓道講座』では主な流派として尊流、神道流、日本流、鹿島流、太子流、伴流、紀流、秀郷流、逸見流、武田流、日置流、大和流、小笠原流をあげているが、そのうち近世以降に見られる流派は小笠原流、武田流、日置流、大和流である。
- 'Gendai Kyudo Koza (courses in the Modern Japanese art of archery)' described major schools such as Son school (尊流), Shinto school, the Nihon school, Kashima school, Taishi school, Ban school, Ki school, Hidesato school, Henmi school, Takeda school, Heki school, Yamato school and the Ogasawara school, among which the Ogasawara school, Tekeda school, Heki school and the Yamato school were seen after recent times as well.
- このことは弓矢の初期の利用が、狩りや時には漁(いさり)中心であり、狩りにおいては、視界が開けているか、いないかによって、求められる飛距離は違ったが、ほとんどの地域で狩りは男性の仕事であったので、腕力で十分補う事が出来た。
- This was because in early times when using Yumiya, it was used mainly for hunting and sometimes for fishing, and men were strong enough to handle Yumiya and hunting was usually a job for men, although the required flying distance was different depending upon the field of vision.
- また弓丈により、日本では長弓(和弓を指し、大弓ともいい、緩やかに湾曲とも屈曲ともとれるぐらいに曲する)と小弓(短弓で湾曲形)という名称で分類し、欧米ではロングボウとコンポジットボウ(短弓で屈曲形の複合弓)に分類している。
- In addition, it is classified by length; in Japan it is classified into Chokyu (long bow, which refers to the Japanese bow and also called Daikyu long bow, which bends easily) and short bow (curviform short bow), while in Western countries, it is classified as a long bow and a composite bow (short and bending compound bow).
- 小笠原家は代々、総領家(本家)が糾法および小笠原流礼法全般をとりしきり「宗家」となっていたが、十七代の小笠原長時とその子貞慶は、戦乱の戦国時代に弓馬礼法の伝統を絶やさないため、従兄弟筋にあたる伊豆赤沢の経長に宗家の道統を継承。
- The main branch of the Ogasawara family provided the Soke (grand master), in charge of 'kyuho' and Ogasawara-ryu manners for generations, but the 17th generation of the family, Nagatoki OGASAWARA and his son Sadayoshi OGASAWARA handed over Doto to their cousin, Tsunenaga from Akazawa, Izu, to prevent the horseback archery tradition from dying out in the turbulent Sengoku period.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降、戦陣において歩射が一般化すると、戦国時代初期には歩射弓術を基礎とする日置流が発生し、矢を遠くへ飛ばす繰矢・尋矢(くりや、遠矢とも)、速射をする指矢(さしや、数矢とも)など様々な技法が発展した(五射参照)。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) when Busha was generalized in battle, the Heki school based on the Kyujutsu of Busha, was founded in early Sengoku Period and various techniques such as Kuriya (繰矢・尋矢, 遠矢) to release arrow from far away and Sashiya (指矢, 数矢) of Sokusha (quick shooting) were developed (see Gosha).
- この数百年の間に和弓の構造は大きく進化(詳細は和弓歴史欄参照のこと)、江戸初期には堅帽子ゆがけの発明(ゆがけ項参照のこと)、さらに技術面では「角見」「弓返り」の技術が発明される等、この時期に弓術は現在の弓道に繋がる大きな進歩を遂げる。
- Over hundreds of years, the structure of Wakyu progressed (for details, see the article; History of Wakyu) and Kyujutsu developed greatly which led to today's Kyudo, Kataboshi Yugake was invented (a type of thumb glove) at the beginning of Edo Period (see the article on Yugake) and the techniques of 'Tsunomi' and 'Yugaeri (the technique where the Japanese bow turns in the left hand after the release).'
- 「射法八節」の中で流派技術であったり、日本弓術の伝統的技術体系である歩射・騎射・堂射の技術が入り乱れるなど、射手や指導者によって技術の取捨選択が成され、現在では多くの射手はそれぞれの技術が入り交じった「射法」を行っているのが現状である。
- The techniques of the schools and techniques from traditional technical systems in Japanese Kyudo, such as Busha, Kisha and Dosha, became intermixed in the 'Shaho hassetsu,' and techniques were sorted out by archers and instructors, so that today many archers follow the 'shooting form' that is a mixture of those techniques.
- 戦国時代 (日本)中頃には鉄砲の登場により弓は戦場の一線から退くが、実戦から離れても弓術は武術としての地位は変わることなく、時代を経た泰平の江戸時代の世においても弓術は武士の武術 (日本)として、また心身鍛錬の道として依然人気は高かった。
- Around the middle of the Sengoku Period (inJapan), the introduction of firearms retired bows and arrows from actual fighting in battlefields, but Kyujutsu kept the same status as a martial art even after departing the actual fighting, and remained popular as a martial art for Samurai and a way to discipline the mind and body in the peaceful Edo Period.
- フラットボウに含まれる弓は、海洋系東南アジアの人々が使う弓と日本の和弓と日本より北東のアムール川周辺地域の先住民の複合弓とさらに東の北米大陸のインディアンが使用する複合弓及びケーブル・バックド ボウ(緊張力を付加した弓)などが挙げられる。
- Flat bows include those bows used by coastal Southeast Asian people, Japanese bow, a composite bow used by indigenous people around the Amur River basin northeast of Japan, and a compound bow and a cable backed bow (a bow adding tensioning force) used by American Indians on the north American continent.
- 悪霊の討伐として抜擢された源三位入道頼政(源頼政)は、元凶である鵺(ヌエと読み。頭はサル、胴体はタヌキ、手足はトラ、尾はヘビ。元はトラツグミの不気味な鳴き声のみから想像したもので形は曖昧だったともいう)という妖怪・もののけを弓矢で退治した」
- MINAMOTO no sanmi nyudo Yorimasa (MINAMOTO no Yorimasa) was selected as a leader to attack the evil spirit and got rid of the monster called nue (a monster with a monkey head, raccoon dog's body, tiger's paws and feet and a snakes' tale, which was originally imagined by an eerie voice of a White Thrush. It is also said that the figure was not clear).'
- それゆえ、三という数にこだわらず、たとえば三味線と尺八だけ、箏と胡弓だけ、三味線と箏、あるいは三味線の本手と替手だけといった編成での演奏も行なわれるし、独奏や四種の楽器での合奏すら可能である(ただしそれらのような場合は三曲合奏とは言わない)。
- Therefore, despite the number 'three' being embedded in the name 'sankyoku,' various kinds of performances are possible, such as an ensemble of just shamisen and shakuhachi, an ensemble of just koto and kokyu, an ensemble of just shamisen and koto, an ensemble of just the leading shamisen and the second shamisen, a solo performance or even an ensemble of four instruments; however, these performances aren't called sankyoku gasso.
- 望まれて抜擢されるという意味の「白羽の矢が立つ」とは、元は「神や物の怪の生け贄となる娘の選択の明示として、その娘の家の屋根に矢が立つ(刺さる)」という、日本各地で伝承される話から来ており、本来は良い意味ではなく、心霊現象としての弓矢を現してる。
- The phrase 'shiraha no ya ga tatsu' which means to be selected among people originates from the tale which has been transmitted in various parts of Japan, that is, 'an arrow is shot as a sign on the roof of the house of which daughter becomes a victim of god or a monster,' so that it does not have a good meaning originally and shows the spiritual aspect of Yumiya.
- 糾法とは弓と馬を意味し、七代目の小笠原貞宗は南北朝時代 (日本)に後醍醐天皇に仕え「弓馬の妙蘊に達し、かつ礼法を新定して、武家の定式とするなり」という御手判を賜り、このとき「弓・馬・礼」の三法をもって小笠原流とする武家作法としてのその位置づけが確立。
- 'Kyuho' was defined as archery and horsemanship, and the 7th head of the clan, Sadamune OGASAWARA, who served Emperor Godaigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, was asked by the Emperor 'to improve archery and horsemanship skills and to set new standards for manners, which samurai families should follow'; it was at this time that the Ogasawara school's three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy' were established as samurai manners.
- (ペルーの先住民またはインカの末裔とされる人々が喧嘩祭りや、放牧畜産で家畜(リャマやヒツジ)を誘導する為の、紐を使ったスリングと呼ばれる投石器や、いわゆるパチンコとも呼称されるスリングショットと呼ばれる投石器は、弓矢を起源としない為、この項目の趣旨の投石器ではない)
- (Since it did not originate from Yumiya, the catapult of this section does not include the rock-throwing machine with a rope called a sling, which is used for fight festivals or leading livestock (llama or sheep) of depasturage by the aborigines in Peru or the people who are considered to be descendants of the Inca, and also not include the one which is called a slingshot or a pachinko)
- 流派とは、能(猿楽)、狂言、日本舞踊、棒の手、華道(生け花)、茶道(茶の湯)、包丁式、有職故実、衣紋道、雅楽、書道、日本画、剣術・抜刀術・薙刀術・弓術・砲術・軍学(兵法)などの日本武術などの芸道や日本酒造りなどの分野において、ひとつの体系化された技を継承する集団を指し、開祖の家元・宗家とその門弟により継承される。
- Ryuha is a group of people who inherit a certain systematic expertise or technique in the field of sake brewing and Japanese art including: Noh (and its predecessor Sarugaku); Kyogen (traditional short comedic drama); Nihon Buyo (classical Japanese dance); Bo-no-te (Japanese traditional dance); Kado (Japanese flower arrangement); Sado (tea ceremony); Hochoshiki (schools of Japanese cuisine); Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette); Emondo (traditional technique of dressing up for Junihitoe [a ceremonial Robe of a court lady]); Gagaku (Japanese traditional music and dance); shodo (calligraphy); Nihonga (Japanese-style painting); and Japanese martial arts such as kenjutsu (swordplay), battojutsu (the technique of drawing a sword), naginata jutsu (art of using a naginata halberd), kyujutsu (archery), hojutsu (gunnery) and gungaku (art of warfare), and is passed down from the Iemoto or Soke to their students.
- その変遷や必要性において重要な要因は、弓の素材の選定やその組み合わせであり、具体的には「長さ(弓丈)と断面積の比率に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」(断面形状が点対称でない場合は「断面形状と曲げる方向に対しての弾性率・弾性限界」も加味する)や「最小限の引く力と最大限の飛距離」など、条件の妥協点を見出す事にあり、その他には「地上やウマ上から矢を射る」という条件の違いや、「機械化と連射性能」などである。
- The important factors of its necessity and transition were the selection of materials for bows and their combination, in particular, to find 'the elastic modulus and elastic limits against the ratio of length of the bow and cross-sectional dimension' (when the cross-section is not point symmetry, add 'the elastic modules and elastic limit against the cross-section and the direction of bending'), and 'the least power to pull and the longest flying distance,' as well as the difference of conditions such as 'shooting from the ground or from horseback,' and 'the mechanization and the ability of automatic fire.'