建設: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 建設
• construction
• establishment
• build
• foundation
• Building

• 建設財
• construction material

• 建設課
• Construction Division

• 建設車
• construction vehicle

• 建設者
• architect
• builder

• 建設省
• Ministry of Construction
• Ministry of Construction (MOC)

• 建設地
• construction site

• 建設中
• under construction

• 建設業
• construction industry
• construction business

• 建設局
• construction bureau

• 建設的
• constructive
• constructively

• 建設費
• construction (building) costs
• capital cost
• construction cost

• 建設物
• building
• structures

• 水谷建設
• Mizutani Kensetsu Co.

• 建設廃材
• construction waste material

• 建設する
• establish

• 住宅建設
• housing construction

• 建設的な
• constructive
• positive

• 線路建設
• line construction

• 建設利息
• interest during construction

• 清水建設
• Shimizu Corporation

• 鹿島建設
• Kajima Corporation

• 青木建設
• Aoki Corporation

• 建設連合
• Japan Construction Trade Union Confederation

• 飛島建設
• Tobishima Corporation

• 北野建設
• Kitano Construction Corporation

• 鉄建建設
• Tekken Corporation

• 多田建設
• Tada Corporation

• 大豊建設
• Daiho Corporation

• 大成建設
• Taisei Corporation

• 大木建設
• Ohki Corporation

• 建設大臣
• Minister of Construction
• Construction Minister

• 建設工事
• construction work
• erection work

• 建設国債
• construction debt

• 建設現場
• construction site
• erection site

• 建設機械
• construction machinery
• construction equipment
• Construction equipment manufacturers
• Engineering vehicles
• Heavy equipment (construction)

• 建設業界
• construction industry

• 建設業者
• general (civil engineering and construction) contractor
• erection subcontractor

• 建設大学
• Construction College

• 安藤建設
• Ando Corporation

• 道路建設
• road construction

• 建設資金
• construction funds

• 建設事業
• Construction projects

• 建設省令
• Construction Ministry Ordnance

• 建設市場
• Construction Market

• 建設残土
• waste dump
• waste dumps

• 建設行政
• administration of construction

• 建設地形
• constructional landforms

• 建設測量
• construction surveys

• 建設業法
• Construction Contractors Law

• 建設作業
• construction work

• 建設VE
• construction value engineering

• 建設業課
• Construction Industry Division

• 建設汚泥
• sludge from construction site
• construction sludge

• 建設の状況
• Progress of construction

• 国際建設課
• International Division for Infrastructure

• 地方建設局
• Regional Construction Bureau

• 建設的対立
• constructive confrontation

• 建設用石灰
• building limes

• 新日本建設
• Shinnihon Corporation

• 公園建設中
• Kouenkensetsuchuu

• 港湾建設中
• Kouwankensetsuchuu

• 古久根建設
• Kokune Corporation

• 建設大学校
• Kensetsudaigakkou
• Construction College

• 建設的関係
• constructive relationship

• 建設労働者
• construction worker

• ダム建設中
• Damukensetsuchuu

• 建設副産物
• construction byproduct

• 建設振興課
• Construction Industry Promotion Division

• 建設後測量
• post-construction surveys

• 建設見積り
• construction estimate

• 建設発生土
• soil generated by construction

• 建設中利子
• interest during construction

• 建設専門官
• Construction Officer

• 建設前測量
• preconstruction surveys

• 建設仮勘定
• Construction in progress
• construction account
• construction in progress account
• Construction in progress (or process)
• construction in progress [or process]

• 建設廃棄物
• construction waste

• 建設業許可
• Contractor's License

• 建設改良費
• expenses for construction and improvement

• 総合建設会社
• general contractor

• 特定建設作業
• specified construction operation

• 建設譲渡事業
• construction and transfer program

• 地方建設局長
• Director General of the Regional Construction Bureau

• 浄水場建設中
• Jousuijoukensetsuchuu

• 前田建設工業
• Maeda Corporation

• 三信建設工業
• Sanshin Corporation

• 発電所建設中
• Hatsudenshokensetsuchuu

• 東亜建設工業
• Toa Corporation

• 第一建設工業
• Daiichi Kensetsu Corporation

• 建設技術学院
• Construction Technology Institute

• 牧草地建設中
• Bokusouchikensetsuchuu

• 遊水地建設中
• Yuusuichikensetsuchuu

• 建設事務次官
• Vice-Minister of Construction

• 建設政務次官
• Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Construction

• 建設発生木材
• wood chip derived from construction

• 建設費用指数
• construction cost index

• 建設前見積り
• preconstruction estimate

• 建設大臣表彰
• minister of construction commendation

• 一般建設業者
• General Engineering Contractor

• ダム建設用地
• dam construction site

• 建設可能地点
• viable site

• 二楽荘の建設
• The construction of Nirakuso

• 世界建設業連盟
• CICA

• 多目的建設事業
• multipurpose construction project

• 所要建設工事費
• estimated construction cost

• 最終建設報告書
• final construction report

• 国際建設経済室
• International Office for Infrastructure and Economic Affairs

• 小沢ダム建設中
• Ozawadamukensetsuchuu

• 工業団地建設中
• Kougyoudanchikensetsuchuu

• 千代田化工建設
• Chiyoda Corporation

• 美生ダム建設中
• Biseidamukensetsuchuu

• 保養基地建設中
• Hoyoukichikensetsuchuu

• 建設経済研究所
• Research Institute of Construction and Economy
• RICE

• 運動公園建設中
• Undoukouenkensetsuchuu

• 建設施工企画課
• Construction Planning Division

• 建設工事の発注
• Procurement of Construction Services

• 建設統計企画官
• Director for Construction Research and Statistics Division

• 建設調査統計課
• Construction Research and Statistics Division

• 建設用ロボット
• construction robot

• 建設改良費繰越
• brought forward for construction and improvement expenses

• 建設改良積立金
• reserve for construction and improvement

• 大私鉄建設の時代
• Era of the construction of major private lines

• 低騒音型建設機械
• low-noise construction machine

• 低振動型建設機械
• low-vibration construction machine

• 建設関係の労働者
• hard hat

• 身替建設費支出法
• alternative cost method

• 衆議院建設委員会
• Construction Committee of the Lower House

• 地方建設局出張所
• branch office of Ministry of Construction

• KDDが建設した
• JIH Japan Information Highway

• 漁場の標識の建設
• Construction of a sign of a fishing ground

• 建設副産物企画官
• Director for Construction Byproduct Recycling

• 清水建設座間工場
• Shimizukensetsuzama Factory

• 早池峰ダム建設中
• Hayachinedamukensetsuchuu

• 日本鉄道建設公団
• Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation

• 建設機械化研究所
• Japan Construction Method and Machinery Research Institute

• 宇部新都市建設中
• Ubeshintoshikensetsuchuu

• 建設大臣管理区間
• Ministerial management section

• 建設騒音規制基準
• regulation standard to the construction noise

• 建設業技術企画官
• Director for Construction Industry Engineering

• 建設課（港湾局）
• Construction Division

• 建設位置と発掘調査
• Construction site and excavation

• 官営鉄道建設の決断
• Decision to build government-owned railways

• 国際建設技術企画官
• Director for International Engineering

• 米国総合建設業協会
• AGCA

• 自動車試験場建設中
• Jidoushashikenjoukensetsuchuu

• 広域営農団地建設中
• Kouekieinoudanchikensetsuchuu

• 畜産青年建設隊牧場
• Chikusanseinenkensetsutaibokujou

• 満州建設勤労奉仕隊
• Manchukuo Development Labor Service Organization

• リニア実験線建設中
• Riniajikkensenkensetsuchuu

• 汚泥の建設資材利用
• sludge utilization for construction works

• 海外建設協会（社）
• 'The Overseas Construction Association of Japan, Inc'
• OCAJI

• （首都建設法の廃止）
• (abolition of national capital construction law)

• エコビレッジ建設事業
• Eco-Village construction project

• 武漢都市鉄道建設事業
• Wuhan Urban Railway Construction Project

• 北京都市鉄道建設事業
• Beijing Urban Railway Construction Project

• 補助治水ダム建設事業
• Subsidized projects for flood control dam construction

• 牛朱別川分水路建設中
• Ushishubetsugawabunsuirokensetsuchuu

• 建設作業振動規制基準
• regulation standard to the construction vibration

• 建設資材リサイクル法
• Construction Materials Recycling Law

• 建設コスト管理企画室
• Construction Cost Management Office

• 建設業構造改善対策官
• Director for Development of the Construction Industry

• 建設企画室（港湾局）
• Project Management Office

• 建設記録図面作成測量
• surveys for as-built record drawings

• 会館の建設および運営
• Construction and management of the building of Kyoto-kaikan.

• 排出ガス対策型建設機械
• low-emission construction machinery

• 地盤環境保全型建設技術
• ground environment conservation type construction technology

• バンコク地下鉄建設事業
• MRTA Initial System Project

• 建設汚泥リサイクル指針
• Construction Sludge Recycling Guideline

• 建設リサイクル行動計画
• Construction Recycling Action Plan

• 国際建設技術協会（社）
• IDI
• Infrastructure Development Institute-Japan

• 重慶モノレール建設事業
• Chongqing Urban Railway Construction Project

• 交通情報提供（建設省）
• RACS Road Automobile Communication System

• 特定多目的ダム建設事業
• Specified multi-purpose dam construction projects

• 補助多目的ダム建設事業
• Subsidized projects for multi-purpose dams

• 建設省設置法の一部改正
• Partial Revision of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Construction

• 建設市場アクセス企画官
• Director for Construction Market Access

• 建設後第一回堆砂量調査
• post-construction first sedimentation survey

• 律令制の土木建設組織一覧
• List of civil engineering and construction organization under the ritsuryo system.

• 金下建設株式会社（本社）
• Headquarters of Kaneshita Construction Co., Ltd.

• 碓氷峠のアプト式鉄道建設
• Construction of Abt-system Railway at Usui-toge Pass

• 古代ローマ人建設した街道
• causey

• 建設産業環境行動ビジョン
• Vision for Construction Industry Environmental Activity

• ヤマハ発動機試験場建設中
• Yamahahatsudoukishikenjoukensetsuchuu

• ダム建設に伴う水没予定者
• potential persons whose land or houses are submerged into dam reservoir

• 建設副産物適正処理推進要綱
• Guidelines for Promoting Proper Treatment of Construction By-products

• 湖北省小水力発電所建設事業
• Hubei Small-sized Hydropower Project

• 甘粛省小水力発電所建設事業
• Gansu Small-sized Hydropower Project

• 建設8団体副産物対策協議会
• Council of Eight Construction Organizations to Tackle By-products

• ダイニン水力発電所建設事業
• Dai Ninh Hydropower Project

• 建設副産物情報交換システム
• Construction By-products Information Exchange System

• 身替り建設費〔費用振分け〕
• alternative cost method

• 先端建設技術センター（財）
• Advanced Construction Technology Center

• ダイハツ自動車試験場建設中
• Daihatsujidoushashikenjoukensetsuchuu

• 建設省令（河川法施行規則）
• Ministry of Construction Ordinance

• 建設技術調整官（大臣官房）
• Director for Engineering Management

• 高山ダム建設と新生月ヶ瀬梅林
• Construction of Takayama Dam and New Tsukigase Bairin

• 施工：京都駅ビル建設工事JV
• Construction: Kyoto Station Building Work Joint Venture

• 山東省泰安揚水発電所建設事業
• Shangdong Taian Pumped Storage Power Station Project

• 道路の安全性と効率（建設省）
• ARTS Advanced Road Transportation System

• 建設コンサルタンツ協会（社）
• Japan Civil Engineering Consultants Association

• 芝公園に芝能楽堂を建設した。
• They built the Shiba Nohgakudo (Noh theater) in Shiba Park.

• 卸売業、小売業、製造業、建設業
• Wholesale, retail, manufacturing, construction

• 関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法
• The construction promotion law for Kansai Science City

• 京都の南蛮寺建設にも関わった。
• He participated in building Nanban-dera Temple in Kyoto.

• 建設リサイクル推進計画2002
• Plan 2002 for Promoting the Construction Waste Recycling

• 一般的には大手の建設会社を言う
• general contractor

• 建設業界の環境保全自主行動計画
• voluntary action plan of the construction industry for environmental conservation

• 衆議院建設委員会河川法小委員会
• River Law Sub-Committee

• 日本建設総合情報センター（財）
• Japan Construction Information Center

• 漁業に必要な目標の保存又は建設
• Preservation or construction of target necessary for fishery

• 建設省公共測量作業規定付録 １
• Construction

• 建設現場（水路、道路、送電線）
• site

• 関西文化学術研究都市建設推進室
• Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Office

• 富山県高岡市に徹信会館を建設。
• Tesshin kaikan hall was built in Takaoka City, Toyama Prefecture.

• 元鹿島建設会長鹿島守之助の生家。
• It is the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA, the former chairman of the Kajima Construction Corporation, Ltd.

• - 長崎造船所、製鉄所建設（蘭）
• - Built Nagasaki Shipyard and Nagasaki Iron Mill

• - 海軍工廠の建設指導など（仏）
• - Supervised the construction of the Navy Arsenal, among other projects

• ドイツ公使に対する記念碑の建設。
• A monument of the German minister shall be constructed.

• 同鉄道に併行する鉄道建設の禁止。
• No parallel lines to the South Manchuria Railway should be built.

• また都城本体の建設の記録もない。
• Besides, the construction of Miyakonojo (capital) was not recorded either.

• 1996年（平成8年）：建設開始。
• 1996: Started construction

• 王城伝説（将門が建設した都の伝説）
• Legends of Kingdom (Legends of the capital Masakado built)

• 建設業界における総合請負会社のこと
• general contractor

• 市は芸術文化施設の建設を推進します。
• The city will promote the construction of art and culture facilities.

• 先月に全ての建設工事が完成しました。
• All construction projects were finished last month.

• 少し離れた所に南門が建設されている。
• The south gate stood a short distance away from the building.

• 新宮建設予定地で作業安全を祈る儀式。
• This ceremony is to offer prayers at the site of the new sanctuary for the safety of construction work.

• 首都建設法（昭和25年法律第219号）
• Capital Construction Law (Law No. 219, 1950)

• 聚楽第建設にも材木奉行として参加した。
• He also participated as a lumber bugyo in the construction of Jurakudai residence.

• 日本鉄道（現：東北本線）建設の猛烈監督
• Fierce Supervisor of the Construction of Nippon Railway (present Tohoku Main Line).

• 『南方文化の建設へ』冨山房、1938年
• Nanpobunkanokensetsu', published by Fuzanbo, 1938

• 工場・事業場及び建設作業騒音・振動対策
• measures for noise and vibration caused by operations in factories, business establishments, and construction works

• 近世城郭の多くも慶長年間に建設された。
• Most modern citadels were also constructed in the Keicho era.

• 橿原ニュータウンはその跡地に建設された。
• On the site of the pond, Kashihara New Town was constructed.

• 栗橋駅から宇都宮駅までの建設を担当した。
• He took charge of the construction from Kurihashi Station to Utsunomiya Station.

• - 生野銀山建設のほか、西郷従道邸宅（仏）
• - Built the Ikuno Silver Mine as well as the residence of Tsugumichi SAIGO

• 東京府にて銀座煉瓦街建設の大任を果たした。
• He carried out a great task of constructing Ginza Renga-gai (brick town or brick street) in Tokyo-fu Prefecture.

• 情報提供サービス（警察庁・郵政省・建設省）
• VICS Vehicle Information & Communication Systems

• 建設工事に係る資材の再資源化等に関する法律
• Construction Materials Recycling Law
• Construction Materials Recycling Act

• 2000年（平成12年）2月 - 建設着工
• February 2000: construction started

• 信正は高槻城を改修し本丸・二の丸を建設した。
• Nobumasa renovated Takatsuki-jo Castle and constructed Honmaru and Ninomaru.

• しかし、道路建設は自由党弾圧の口実になった。
• However construction of roads became the excuse of oppression of Liberal Party.

• 第三十一条中建設業法第二十五条の四の改正規定
• The provisions in Article 31 for revising Article 25-4 of the Construction Business Act;

• また難波堀江の途中にも港湾施設が建設された。
• A port facility was also constructed within Naniwa no Horie.

• これにより、鉄道建設のための予算がなくなった。
• With the war spending, the government ran out of the budget to build railways.

• 西郷隆盛は故郷鹿児島に戻り、私学校を建設した。
• Takamori SAIGO returned to his hometown Kagoshima and built Shigakko (school mainly for warriors).

• また山陰街道脇に桂宮が桂離宮を建設し在住した。
• Prince Katsura had the Katsura Rikyu (Katsura Imperial Villa) built on the Sanin-kaido Road and resided there.

• さらには小谷城の増築、土塁の建設も行っている。
• In addition, Hisamasa extended Odani-jo Castle and constructed earthworks.

• 建設に当たり、淀川以北のルート選定は難航した。
• Prior to the construction, the selection of the route to the north of the Yodo-gawa River was a very difficult task.

• 1971年 – 伏見第二工場（治部蔵）を建設。
• 1971: Its second plant in Fushimi (a brewery named Jibu-gura) was constructed.

• 遺構は、日野川ダムの建設時に大部分が破壊された。
• Most of the structural remnants were destroyed in the construction of Hinogawa Dam.

• 正藩合一による大政奉還および新国家建設を目指す。
• He sought to restore imperial rule and build a new nation-state through the alliance of the royalist domains.

• これは京四条橋の建設の資金集めとして興行された。
• The Noh and Dengaku play was held to raise subscriptions for constructing the Shijo bridge in Kyoto.

• 19年に宮古島へ移動、飛行場建設作業に従事する。
• In 1944, he moved to Miyako Island, where he was engaged in construction of an airfield.

• 建設に際して国からの援助は山陽鉄道と同等だった。
• It received government support equal to that which was given to Sanyo Railway.

• 1998年10月　関西館の建設工事が着工される。
• October 1998: Construction of the Kansai-kan started.

• - 京都～神戸間の鉄道建設、E・モレルの後任（英）
• - Built the railway between Kyoto and Kobe, and served as the successor to E. Morel

• この港を建設したのは仁徳天皇であるといわれている。
• It is said that this port was constructed by Emperor Nintoku.

• ※詳しくは、琵琶湖疏水湖西線建設による改築を参照。
• For further details, see 'Renovation of the Lake Biwa Cannel accompanied with the construction of the Kosei Line'

• 町の歴史や文化の継承に資することを目的として建設。
• This was built with the goal of contributing to the succession of the town's history and culture.

• 1884年（明治17年）北漸寺仮御堂等を建設する。
• In 1884, Kari-mido (hall) of Hokuzen-ji Temple among others were constructed.

• 郵便制度視察および鉄道建設借款契約締結のため渡英。
• He went to Great Britain to inspect the postal system and conclude a contract to loan money for railway construction.

• また、諸官庁の庁舎などは木工寮の指揮で建設された。
• And, office buildings of authorities were constructed under the direction of Mokuryo.

• 特定建設作業に伴って発生する騒音の規制に関する基準
• Regulatory Standards for Noise Emitted from Specified Construction Operations

• ２日には、建設委員会ニュースの第１号が発行された。
• The first issue of Construction Committee News was published on the 2nd.

• 同年9月、同所に「等持院撮影所」を建設・開業した。
• In September of the same year, he built and opened 'Tojiin Studio' in the same location.

• 合併前に山都町が蕎麦貯蔵用の大型保冷庫を建設した。
• Prior to being amalgamated to become a part of Kitakata City, Yamato-machi built a large refrigerated warehouse to store soba.

• こうした新店舗の建設難からの廃業が増える事となる。
• These difficulties of rebuilding shops contribute to the closing down of businesses.

• 宮内庁庁舎は、1935年（昭和10年）に建設された。
• The office building of the Imperial Household Agency was built in 1935.

• 京都縦貫自動車道（丹波綾部道路＝国道478号）建設中
• Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway (Kyoto Tanba Road = National Route 478) (Under construction)

• 平安京遷都の建設に進言し自ら造営大夫として尽力した。
• He made an recommendation on the transfer of the capital and the construction of Heiankyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), and he himself made efforts to promote the project as Zoei no daibu (chief of the civil engineering work).

• このとき竹鶴は北海道余市町に余市蒸溜所を建設している。
• At that time, Taketsuru built Yoichi Distillery in Yoichi Town, Hokkaido.

• 神戸市西に広がる明石平野に理想的新都市建設を提唱した。
• He advocated constructing the ideal new city in the Akashi plain which stretched out to the west of Kobe City.

• 死後、その遺志によって岩国徴古館が建設されるに至った。
• After his death Iwakuni Chokokan was built according to his wish.

• 隆季は藩政においては、城下町の建設などに尽力している。
• In his administration of the domain, he devoted himself to such things as building the castle town.

• 1911年（大正元年）明治天皇葬祭場などの建設に関わる
• In 1911, he took part in the construction of the funeral venue for Emperor Meiji.

• 世界連邦建設同盟（現、世界連邦運動協会）会長を務めた。
• He served as Chairman of the Confederation of the World Federation Establishment (presently World Federalist Movement of Japan).

• 魚見若しくは漁業に関する信号又はこれに必要な設備の建設
• Crow's nest, signal concerning fishery, or construction of equipment necessary for them

• 1920年 – 伏見区上板橋町に酒蔵（本社蔵）を建設。
• 1920: He constructed his company's own shuzo (sake warehouses) at Kami-itabashi-cho, Fushimi Ward.

• 得意先の建設会社が２０億円ほどの工事を請け負っている。
• The construction company, one of our clients, has been doing about 2 billion yen worth of construction.

• 同法は、当時数多く制定された特別都市建設法の一つである。
• The law was one of the special city construction laws which were established during those days.

• 現在は東舞鶴駅前を中心に高層マンションが建設されている。
• These days, high-rise condominiums are being built around the Higashi-Maizuru station.

• 三方庁舎サービス室（産業課・建設課・上下水道課・福祉課）
• Mikata Town Office Service (Industries Division, Construction Division, Water and Sewer Division and Welfare Division)

• 『文化の建設　幣原坦六十年回想記』吉川弘文館、1953年
• 'Bunkanokensetsu Tan SHIDEHARA 60 years of memoirs', Yoshikawakobunkan, 1953

• 現在の山陰本線の前身にあたる路線の一部を建設、運営した。
• The former rail line from current Sanin Main Line was partly built and started its operation.

• 藩政では砲台の建設、藩校の増改築に務めて学問を奨励した。
• Among his domain duties, he worked on construction of a gun battery and extension or reconstruction of a school.

• ダム建設計画に係る環境インパクト調査に関するガイドライン
• Environmental Guidelines for EIA study of Dam Construction Projects

• 1930年、東宮（昭和天皇）御成婚奉祝記念に建設された。
• In 1930 it was built as a memorial upon the marriage of Togu (Emperor Showa).

• 別院を建設したのは、北野神社の管理の便のためと思われる。
• It is believed that the reason he constructed betsuin was for convenience to manage Kitano-jinja Shrine.

• 関ヶ原の戦い以前に建設されたものは1棟も残されていない。
• No one of those yaguras that were built before the Battle of Sekigahara exists to the present.

• - 新橋～横浜間の鉄道建設、初代・鉄道兼電信建築師長（英）
• - Built the railway between Shinbashi and Yokohama, and served as the first head engineer of railway and telegraph construction

• 両市が一体となって大軍港都を建設することを海軍が強く要請。
• As a result the Japanese Navy required both cities to become a single large naval port city.

• 天長9年（832年）には私財を投じて播磨国に魚住泊を建設。
• He also constructed the Uozumi no tomari (Uozumi port) in Harima Province in 832, using his own funds.

• 開発労働力の確保と並んで、池溝堰堤の建設・整備も行われた。
• In parallel with acquisition of labor for the development, construction and improvement of ponds, ditches and dikes were also carried out.

• 越後街道、会津街道、山形街道の3つの街道を建設を推進した。
• He promoted construction of three roads, Echigo-kaido Road, Aizu-kaido Road and Yamagata-kaido Road.

• この資金を使って、1941年に日本初の公民館が建設された。
• By using this donation, the town built the first community center in Japan in 1941.

• 女婿となっていた田辺を招聘し、建設のための調査を依頼した。
• He invited Tanabe, who was his daughter's husband at that time, and asked him to conduct investigation for construction.

• 明治20年（1887年）に明治天皇行在所として建設された。
• It was built as Emperor Meiji's Anzaisho (provisional palace for Emperor's going out) in 1887.

• 大部分の施設は昭和40年代に建設されすでに老朽化していた。
• Most of the velodrome facilities were constructed between the late 1950's and the early 1960's and had become too old.

• 天守を除き現存する櫓は全てこの時期に建設されたものである。
• All existing yagura were built during this era except tenshu.

• 2004年 – 但馬蔵の隣地に新但馬蔵を建設し、集約移動。
• 2004: The company constructed Shin Tajima-gura (new Tajima sake warehouses) in the adjacent area of the Tajima-gura, and shifted all of the current facilities to the newly constructed area.

• 1995年（平成7年）：舞鶴市市制50周年事業として建設。
• In 1995, it was built as part of the project to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of Maizuru's municipality.

• 4　首都建設法（昭和二十五年法律第二百十九号）は、廃止する。
• 4. National capital construction law (law No 219, 1950) is abolished.

• 東海環状自動車道西関インターチェンジ（建設中）から約2km。
• About two kilometers from Nishiseki Interchange (under construction) of TOKAI-KANJO EXPRESSWAY.

• 1953年に当時の建設省から木津川総合開発計画が発表された。
• In 1953, the Ministry of Construction of the time announced the Comprehensive Development Plan of the Upstream Area of Kizu-gawa River.

• また、和田埠頭へのアクセス道路として臨港道路が建設中である。
• As an access road to Wada Wharf, a seaside road is now under construction.

• 京都右京四条に壮麗な豪邸を建設し、「西宮左大臣」と呼ばれた。
• He erected a magnificent estate in Shijo of Ukyo in Kyoto, called 'Saikyu-sadaijin.'

• 官営鉄道の東海道線と競合するため、国の建設補助は出なかった。
• Since it was in competition with the government-owned railway, it did not receive any construction subsidies from the government.

• 1987年6月　「関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法」公布・施行。
• June, 1987: 'The construction promotion law for Kansai Science City' was announced and enforced.

• なお同線の建設や近鉄統合に関しては、奈良電気鉄道の項目も参照。
• For details of the line's construction and integration with Kintetsu Corporation, please see the section of Nara Electric Railway.

• 1897年（明治30年）東宮御所建設のため、翌年まで欧米を視察
• In 1897, prior to constructing the Togu-gosho Crown Prince's Palace, he went on an inspection tour of Europe and the United States through the following year.

• 陰陽道の思想は日本の都の建設や神社の創建にも影響を与えている。
• The Onmyodo philosophy influenced the construction of capitals in Japan and the building of shrines as well.

• 纏向遺跡第119次調査の国道169号線バイパス建設に伴い発見。
• The tumulus was discovered in the 119th research of the Makimuku-iseki Remains accompanied by the construction of a bypass of National Route 169.

• 生神女福音聖堂は1901年に正教会の京都聖堂として建設された。
• The Cathedral of the Annunciation was constructed in 1901 as the Kyoto cathedral of the Orthodox Church.

• 1999年に建設工事に着手、2002年7月に再整備を完了した。
• Construction of the Kyoto Aquarena began in 1999, and the facility was completed in July 2002.

• 建物は京都府が建設し、運営は財団法人京都文化財団が行っている。
• The Kyoto Prefectural Government built the facility, and Kyoto Culture Foundation runs the museum.

• ローソクをイメージして建設されたとよく言われるが、これは誤り。
• It is often mistakenly seen as being in the image of a candle.

• 戦後の1949年、歩兵第24連隊跡地に平和台野球場が建設される。
• After World War II, Heiwadai Baseball Stadium was constructed at the station site of 24th Infantry Regiment in 1949.

• また、隆季は城下町の建設や検地などを行なって藩政の基礎を固めた。
• Takasue also created a castle town and implemented a land survey to strengthen the administrative base of the domain.

• 784年（延暦3年） 長岡京の建設に伴い、山崎に橋を架けられる。
• 725: A bridge was built to span Yamazaki when Nagaoka-kyo (imperial capital) was established.

• 1988年3月　3府県の学研都市の建設に関する計画が承認される。
• March, 1988: The construction plan for each of the three prefectures was approved.

• 三島は、他にも隣県に通じる車馬通行可能な道路をいくつも建設した。
• MISHIMA also constructed many other roads that horse-drawn buggies could pass, connecting Yamagata to neighboring prefectures.

• 五男・井上五郎は中部電力初代社長を務め井川ダム建設等で知られる。
• His fifth son Goro INOUE, who served as the first president of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., was known for the construction of Igawa Dam and others.

• 新しい通貨制度の決定とそれを実施するための新たな造幣施設の建設。
• The decision of the new currency system, and the construction of a new mint to enforce this.

• 3月3日　14期・15期転出（美保飛行場拡張・新川基地建設など）
• March 3: The 14th and 15th groups were transferred (due to the expansion of Miho Airport or construction of Shinkawa Base and so on).

• 安政5年（1858年）には、深川越中島に銃隊調練所が建設された。
• In 1858, a training center for musket units were established in Fukagawa Ecchu shima.

• 12月には品川御殿山に建設中の英国公使館焼き討ち事件を実行した。
• In December, they attacked and burned the British legation that was under construction in Gotenyama, Shinagawa.

• 鉄道の整備に比べ、日本統治時代の道路建設は積極的なものでなかった。
• Compared to the development of the railway system, the development of the highway system attracted much less attention during the period of Japanese rule.

• また松井儀成は、私財を投じて用水建設のため測量をなして、藩に建議。
• Yoshinari MATSUI from the clan made surveys for the irrigational canals at his own expense, and submitted a proposal for the construction of canals to the administration of the domain..

• 気象学研究にも打ち込み、費用は自弁で筑波山に気象観測所を建設した。
• He also devoted himself to meteorology research, and founded the meteorological observing station on Mt. Tsukuba at his own expense.

• また、2005年には府立の養護学校（現特別支援学校）も建設された。
• Additionally, the Prefectural School for Disabled Children (today's Special Support School) was constructed in 2005.

• 旧制第三高等学校 (旧制)の学生寄宿舎の廃材を利用して建設された。
• It was constructed using scrap wood of the dormitory of the former Third High School.

• 福原到着後に遷都が議論され、輪田を新都建設地とすることが決まった。
• After their arrival in Fukuhara, they discussed transfer of the capital and it was decided that Wada would be the candidate for constructing a new capital.

• 駅施設は第三セクターである京都市営地下鉄東西線歴史株式会社が建設。
• The station facilities were built by Historical Corporation of Tozai Line of Kyoto Municipal Subway Lines, a third sector company.

• ただし、城の建設はあまり進まず、次代の津軽信枚の代に引き継がれた。
• However, as the construction of the castle didn't proceed very quickly, it was passed down to the next generation, Nobuhira TSUGARU.

• しかし、その岩はゴルフ場が建設されたときに地中に埋められたという。
• The rock may have been buried when a golf course was built.

• この論文では建設が始まったのは12月頃としていて、説得力がある）。
• According to this essay, the school started around December, which seems probable.

• 明治42年に建設されたが、数年後には閉鎖され、昭和7年に焼失した。
• It was built in 1909, closed a few years later, and burned down in 1932.

• 隣接地に2,000畳の講堂を持つ正本堂 (浄土真宗親鸞会)を建設。
• Therefore, they built the Shohon-do hall (Jodo Shinshu Sect Shinrankai) with a 2,000-jo Kodo Hall (one-jo means a space of one Japanese tatami mat) on neighboring land.

• 建設工事の停滞や株式払込みの遅滞、既設私設鉄道の経営の悪化を招いた。
• Also, such projects caused stagnation in construction, the delay of paid-in capital and deteriorating management of existing private railways.

• 建設を指揮したのは大鳥圭介あるいはジュール・ブリュネといわれている。
• It is said that the construction was directed by Keisuke OTORI or Jules Brunet.

• - 富岡製糸場の首長（責任者）、建設から近代製糸技術の導入まで（仏）
• - He was involved with the Tomioka Silk Mill from its construction to the introduction of modern yarn-making technology, serving as the mill's chief (in other words, the one in charge of the mill)

• 昭和館建設のため、東京町田市相原町の中央協同組合学園内に移設された。
• When construction of the National Showa Memorial Museum began, the statue was relocated to Chuo Kyodo Kumiai School in Aiharamachi, Machida City, Tokyo Prefecture.

• 780年（宝亀11年）に紀広純は覚べつ城建設に際して伊治城を訪れた。
• In 780, Hirozumi KINO visited Koreharu-jo Castle during the construction of Kakubetsu-jo Castle.

• 近代国家建設のための戦いに命を捧げた同志たちを改めて追悼・顕彰する。
• They wanted to properly commemorate and honor their comrades who had perished in the battles for the construction of a modern nation.

• ヤマト王権初の本格的都城である藤原京が建設されたのは694年である。
• Fujiwara-kyo (the Imperial capital of Japan for sixteen years between 694 and 710), the first full-scale Miyakonojo (capital) under Yamato kingship was constructed in 694.

• 関ヶ原の戦いの後、徳川家康に作事方として仕え、二条城建設に活躍した。
• He served as the construction officer for Ieyasu TOKUGAWA after the Battle of Sekigahara and participated in the construction of Nijo-jo Castle.

• 京都スタジアム（きょうと-）は、京都府城陽市で建設予定だった球技場。
• Kyoto Stadium was planned to be built in Joyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 2000年 – 兵庫県浜坂町に酒蔵（但馬蔵）を建設し、本拠地を移転。
• 2000: The company constructed new shuzo (sake warehouses) called Tajima-gura at Hamasaka-cho, Hyogo Prefecture, and moved its home place of business thereto.

• 建設には兵卒および近隣住民が徴用され、突貫工事で造り上げたと言われる。
• It is said that the fort was built in a rush by soldiers and local residents who were recruited for the construction work.

• 近江国を支配圏に入れた信長は、根拠地として近江盆地に安土城を建設する。
• Nobunaga, who now controlled Omi Province, established Azuchi-jo Castle in Omi Basin as his base ground.

• 河内職は道鏡が権力を握っていた時代､河内国に由義宮を建設し副都とした。
• Kawachi Shiki established Yuge-no-Miya Palace in Kawachi Province as a separate capital during the period in which Dokyo held power.

• また、十綱橋の福島県費を使った建設をも行うなど、人心の慰留につとめた。
• Besides, by the means like constructing also Totsuna-bashi Bridge with the budget of Fukushima Prefecture, he made an effort to dissuade the hearts of the people from resigning or leaving their lands.

• 明治32年（1899年）加古川沿岸に工場を建設して毛布製造をはじめる。
• In 1899, he built a factory along the coast of Kako River and began manufacturing blankets.

• 「頌徳碑建設委員会 農林大臣 赤城宗徳」の名前で、碑文が刻まれている。
• The author of the epigraph was inscribed as 'Munenori AKAGI, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Shotokuhi Construction Committee.'

• その後、1960年に跡地に東宮御所が建設されて皇太子明仁親王が入った。
• Later, Togu Gosho (Crown Prince's Palace) was constructed on the vacant lot in 1960 and Crown Prince Akihito moved in.

• 8月、医学と文学の論争から離れて休息を取るため、自宅（観潮楼）を建設。
• In August, he built a home (Kanchoro House) to take refuge from his dispute on medical science and literature.

• 建設省設置法（昭和二十三年法律第百十三号）の一部を次のように改正する。
• Part of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Construction (Act No. 113 of 1948) shall be revised as follows.

• 因みに、明治神宮外苑プールは1937年（昭和12年）に建設されている。
• The pool in the outer garden of the Meiji-jingu Shrine was constructed in 1937.

• 従って、天ヶ瀬ダム建設によって水没した志津川ダムとは意味合いが異なる。
• It is therefore different to the case of Shizugawa Dam that was completely submerged after the construction of Amagase Dam.

• このため1980年代以降、第二国立国会図書館を建設する計画が浮上した。
• This led to a plan, after the 1980s, to build the second facility of the NDL.

• 妙顕寺を移転させその跡地に建設されたことから「妙顕寺城」とも呼ばれる。
• It is also called Myoken-ji Castle because it was built on the former site of Myoken-ji Temple after it was moved.

• 1987年（昭和62年）6月 関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法公布施行。
• June 1987: The Construction Promotion Law for Kansai Science City was promulgated and became effective.

• 1983年（昭和58年）3月 関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会発足。
• March 1983: Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference was set up.

• 古くは、平城宮建設のために市庭古墳（平城天皇陵）の一部などが破壊された。
• A part of Ichiniwa Kofun (burial mound of Emperor Heizei) was destroyed during the construction of Heijo-kyu Palace in ancient times.

• 政府は、新たに郡と柵、さらにこれらを統括する施設として多賀城を建設した。
• The government established a county and a josakukanga, then constructed a Taga-jo Castle as a facility to supervise them.

• また、鎌倉市には1929年（昭和4年）に建設された華頂博信侯爵邸がある。
• Also there is the residence of Marquis Hironobu KACHO which was built in Kamakura in 1929.

• 前述のようにタイノ原線の建設により尾根上の古道はほぼ完全に失われている。
• As explained above, the old road on the ridge was lost almost completely by the construction of the Forestry Road Tainohara Route.

• 1988年4月　国土庁に「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進室」が設置される。
• April, 1988: 'The office for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' was established in National Land Agency.

• 英国東洋銀行（オリエンタルバンク）との間で鉄道建設用外債募集契約に成功。
• Kagenori successfully concluded a foreign bond subscription contract for railway construction with the British Oriental Bank.

• 1901年（明治24年）観世能楽堂を大曲（現在の新宿区新小川町）に建設。
• In 1901, he constructed the Kanze Noh-gakudo (Noh play theater) in Omagari (present-day Shin-ogawa-machi, Shinjuku Ward).

• おまけに戦争のときに使われる可能性がある」として殆ど建設を許さなかった。
• Worse still, it might also be used for military purposes.'

• 明治24年（1891年）、イビイ宣教師再来日、再び本郷に中央会堂を建設。
• In 1891, Eby missionary came back to Japan again and rebuilt Chuo kaido in Hongo.

• 慶長4年（1599年）には岐阜城下に教会と司祭館、養生所を建設している。
• In 1599, he built a church, a priest's house and a medical facility in the castle town of Gifu.

• 慶長6年（1601年）には仙台城、仙台城下町の建設をはじめ、居城を移す。
• In 1601, Masamune started the construction of the Sendai-jo Castle and its castle town; later he moved to the Sendai-jo Castle.

• これは高取城建設の際に、石垣の石材として利用しようとしたためとみられる。
• This is because people wanted to use them as material for stone walls for the construction of Takatori-jo Castle.

• 後に穴を掘って作る汲み取り式便所は建設が簡単であり、長い間主流であった。
• Later, the vault toilet, which is easy to make by digging a hole, became mainstream and remained so for a long time.

• この他、演劇改良会は劇場を建設することも企画したが資金難のため挫折した。
• The Engeki Kairyo Kai also proposed building a theatre, but the plan did not come true because of financial difficulties.

• どケチかと思うと、ポンと数億円、老人ホームの建設のために寄付したりする。
• He was thought an extremely stingy man but suddenly donated hundreds million yen to build a nursing home.

• 江戸城は、一説には長禄2年（1456年）に建設を始め、翌年完成したという。
• According to one theory, the construction of the Edo Castle began in 1456 and was completed in the following year.

• 明治宮殿が焼失してから今の宮殿が建設されるまでの間仮宮殿として用いられた。
• It was used as a temporal palace until the present palace was built after the Meiji Kyuden Imperial Palace was destroyed in a fire.

• 加えて、いくつかの区間では国道や林道の建設によって古くからの姿が失われた。
• In addition, at some sections, the old sceneries disappeared as national roads and forestry roads were built.

• また、五条駅と新宮駅を結ぶ五新線の建設計画が存在し、一部工事が進められた。
• Further, there used to be a plan to construct Goshin Line connecting Gojo Station with Shingu Station, and a part of the construction was executed.

• 国と地方公共団体は学研都市の整備、建設の資金の確保に努めなければならない。
• The national and local public bodies concerned must endeavor to raise funds necessary for constructing Science City.

• 桃山-稲荷間に新線を建設し、東海道本線旧線（稲荷-京都間）を奈良線に編入。
• A new line was constructed between Momoyama Station and Inari Station, while the old Tokaido Main Line between Inari Station and Kyoto Station was incorporated into the Nara Line.

• それから少し経ち、奈良盆地に大王陵クラスの大型前方後円墳の建設が集中した。
• Later, large keyhole-shaped mounds, which were about same size as an okimi ryo (great king's or Emperor's tomb), were constructed in the concentrated regions of the Nara Basin.

• 武勇だけではなく、築城や城下町の建設などにも力量を発揮した政治家でもある。
• He was not only brave, but was also a capable politician as shown by his construction of the castle and surrounding town.

• 1930年、東宮（昭和天皇）御成婚奉祝記念に京都市運動場として建設された。
• Kyoto City Nishikyogoku Comprehensive Sports Park was constructed as a sports field in Kyoto City to celebrate the marriage of Togu (Emperor Showa), in 1930.

• 洋風の赤坂迎賓館とは対照的な和風建築として、京都御苑の敷地内に建設された。
• It was built on the premises of Kyoto Gyoen as a Japanese-style building in contrast to the Western style of the State Guest House in Akasaka, Tokyo.

• その影響で急速に国家体制が整備され、律令制の建設が急ピッチで進んだとされる。
• As a result, the national polity was organized under a sense of urgency, and the creation of the Ritsuyo Codes were pushed forward at a mesmerizing pace.

• 律令制の確立を以って、古代日本の国家建設がひとまず完了したと考えられている。
• It is considered that the formation of the ancient Japanese state was completed with the establishment of the Ritsuryo system.

• そのため、東清鉄道やハルピンを始めとする植民都市の建設まで許すこととなった。
• It is for this reason that they acquiesced to the construction the Eastern Manchurian Railway and colonial cities beginning with Harbin.

• また清は以後日本の清国領土簒奪への警戒感を持ち北洋艦隊建設の契機ともなった。
• In addition, Qing started to sense danger with regard to Japan's desire to seize Qing's territory, which led Qing to construct its Northern fleet.

• 1891年 ユニオン・パシフィック鉄道が鉄道建設労働者に日系人の採用を開始。
• In 1891, the Union Pacific Railroad started hiring Japanese as laborers for the construction of railroads.

• 嫡子・井伊直継が相続すると現在彦根城が存する彦根山に新城の建設が開始された。
• When his legitimate child Naotsugu II succeeded, the construction of new castle started in Mt. Hikone where the Hikone-jo Castle exists at present.

• 鎖国と攘夷に揺れた幕末から明治国家建設の先駆けとなったのが、尊王志士である。
• During the late Edo Period, the 'Sono Shishi' pioneered the structure for the Meiji government while the Shogunate was still in a state of tumult over the expulsion of foreigners and anti-foreign sentiments.

• また、シベリア鉄道及びその支線である東清鉄道を建設し南下政策を進めていった。
• Russia, in addition, constructed the Trans-Siberian Railway and its branch line Chinese Eastern Railway to advance their agenda to move southward.

• 鴨川東岸には寺院や別荘が建設されて市街地がさらに東に広げられる傾向が生じた。
• Then the eastern riverside of Kamo-gawa River was built up with temples and second houses, so the urban district spread out to the east.

• 4番線の上空部分にホテル（地上8階、368室）を建設し、2011年秋に開業。
• A hotel (with 368 rooms in eight stories above ground) is constructed on the space above Platform 4, and is scheduled to open in autumn 2011.

• 1882年（明治15年）有栖川邸建設のため、有栖川宮熾仁親王とともに欧州視察
• In 1882, prior to construction of the Arisugawa-tei House, he and Imperial Prince Arisugawa Taruhito went on an inspection tour of Europe.

• 日本鉄道は上野駅から東北地方を縦貫し青森駅に至る路線（後の東北本線）を建設。
• Nippon Railway constructed the line that ran through the Tohoku region from Ueno Station to Aomori Station (later Tohoku Main Line).

• 同時期に、九州各地より大宰府を訪れる旅人のための宿舎として続命院を建設した。
• During the same period, he constructed Zokumyoin to provide lodging for travelers from various areas in Kyushu to Dazaifu.

• このほか京都宇治に火薬製造所を、また大阪に造兵廠を建設することも決定された。
• He also decided to build a gunpowder manufacturing plant in Uji, Kyoto and an arms factory in Osaka.

• また、地方に配置された譜代大名が純粋な織豊系城郭を建設する例も多く見られる。
• There were many examples in which local fudai daimyo built pure shokuho period fortresses.

• 更に能楽社（のちの能楽会）の設立や芝能楽堂（1881年落成）の建設を進めた。
• Furthermore, he facilitated establishing the Noh Society (Nohgaku-sha) (the later Noh Association (Nohgaku-kai)) and the construction of Shiba Noh Music Hall (Shiba-nohgaku-do completed in 1881).
• Further, he established Nohgakusha (the Noh Association) and constructed Shiba Nohgakudo (Noh theater) (completed in 1881).

• 鉄筋コンクリートの使用が一般的になり、各地にモダニズムの公共施設が建設された。
• The use of ferroconcrete became common and public facilities everywhere were being built in the modern architectural style.

• 後に支線として舞鶴港線や中舞鶴線も建設されたが、現在はいずれも廃線されている。
• Later, Maizuru-ko and Naka-maizuru Lines were constructed as feeder lines, but are both discontinued today.

• 千恵プロのみが年内に6本の映画を製作、翌年には嵯峨野に自前の撮影所を建設した。
• Only Chie Productions produced six movies that year and built their own studio in Sagano the following year.

• 1967年（昭和42年）に、市営住宅の建設に伴い発見され発掘調査が実施された。
• The ruins were discovered during the construction of municipal houses in 1967, and an excavation research was conducted.

• 清国から帰朝した後、博文らの賛助を得て東京下谷に寒山寺別院を建設し住職となる。
• After returning from Qing, he built a branch temple of Kanzan-ji Temple in Shitaya, Tokyo, under the patronage of Hirobumi and so on, and became its chief priest.

• 出島の南蛮屋敷の建設、眼鏡橋の修復、瑞光山永昌寺の建立など様々な事業を行った。
• Michiyoshi ran a variety of businesses which included construction of Southeast Asian country-style residences in Dejima, repair works of 'Megane-bashi' (a bridge with two semicircular arches), and built Zuikozan Eisho-ji Temple.

• - 北越鉄道株式会社の社長に就任、北越鉄道（直江津駅 - 新潟駅）建設を開始。
• He became the president of Railroad Co. Hokuetsu and started to construct Hokuetsu Railway (from Naoetsu Station to Nigata Station).

• そして建設のための重税や労役を義務付け、また道路用地を収用などの負担を強いた。
• He imposed heavy taxation and compulsory royaku and expropriated land for road construction.

• これを受けて東海道線の建設が急ピッチで進み1889年7月1日に全線が開通した。
• As a result, the construction for the Tokaido Line progressed with a high pace and the entire line was opened on July 1, 1889.

• 明治16年（1883年）、外務卿として不平等条約改正交渉のため、鹿鳴館を建設。
• In 1883, he built Rokumeikan to negotiate the revision of an unequal treaty as Gaimukyo (chief of Foreign Ministry).

• 九州年号に倭京元年（618年）とあることから、この年に建設されたと考えられる。
• Since 618 was stated during the Kyushu era, it is believed that it was constructed in 618.

• このときには、養老院建設の寄付を募るため地位のある寄付者名簿を見せて勧誘した。
• In this case, kakushi nenbutsu asked some people to donate money toward the construction of an asylum for the aged, using a list of donators who occupied high social positions.

• 昭和60年、連盟30周年を記念し、萬福寺内に現在事務局がある煎茶道会館を建設。
• In 1985, the Senchado assembly hall, where its office is now located, was built to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the association's being founded.

• だが、このような大規模な建設工事は国費を浪費させ、日本の財政事情を悪化させる。
• However, these major construction projects depleted the national budget and worsened the Japanese financial condition.

• そして、近代工業や鉄道などの建設を推進する政府は「商人」のようであると糾弾した。
• He further denounced the government as something like 'a merchant' since it promoted modern industries and the construction of railways.

• このときの利益を元に天龍寺の建設が進められ、康永2年（1343年）11月に竣工。
• Construction of Tenryu-ji Temple was started with the profits of the trade, and it was completed in November, 1343.

• 樺戸集治監及び空知集治監の受刑者による上川道路（現在の国道12号）建設が名高い。
• Kamikawa Road (present National Route 12) is renowned as the road which was constructed by the prisoners in Kabato Shujikan and Sorachi Shujikan.

• 経蔵・文庫・講堂・方丈と、その周囲には北寮、南寮、西寮、東寮の四寮が建設された。
• Then, Ryoo constructed a Kyozo building, a library, a lecture hall, and a hojo (guest house of a temple), and he also placed of four dormitory, the four dormitory buildings were the north, the south, the west, and the east dormitory building which surrounding said 4 buildings.

• 昭和7年（1932年）、かつて住職を務めた善応寺に改葬され、忠霊堂が建設された。
• In 1932, he was reburied in the Zenno-ji Temple where he used to serve as the chief priest, and then chureido (temple to enshrine the soul of person who fought for the loyalty) was built.

• 山陽地区は古来人や物資の往来も多いため、建設後の収支見込も悪くないと判定された。
• In Sanyo provinces, a good financial turnout was expected because of heavy traffic of people and goods from ancient times.

• 豊臣、徳川政権は各地の大名に天下普請として自己の城郭建設を積極的に請け負わせた。
• The Toyotomi and Tokugawa governments let daimyo in various parts of Japan build castles positively as Tenkabushin (construction order by the Tokugawa shogunate).

• 本願寺道路の建設など開拓を指示し、札幌へ向かい朝廷より下賜された土地を視察する。
• After giving instructions for reclamation activities including construction of the Hongan-ji Road, he visited Sapporo to inspect the land granted by the Imperial Court.

• 京都タワーが131mなのは、建設当時の京都市の人口が131万人だったからである。
• Kyoto Tower's height, 131 m, stems from the population of Kyoto City at the time of construction: 1.31 million.

• また台湾の統治方式を抗日運動の鎮圧から経済建設による社会安定に転換した時期である。
• During their tenures, the government changed their governance policy from the suppression of anti-Japanese movement to the establishment of a stable society by developing the economy.

• さらに東殿を建設し、邸内に自らの墓所として三重の塔を中心とした安楽寿院を造営する。
• He constructed Higashi-dono, and further, and Anrakuju-in around a three-storied pagoda as the center for his own grave in the villa.

• 2005年1月、関西電力は果無山脈に風力発電のための風車を建設する計画を発表した。
• In January 2005, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. announced the plan to construct wind turbines on the Hatenashi mountain range to generate wind power

• 1984年4月　京都府が、「関西文化学術研究都市（京都府域）建設基本計画案」発表。
• April, 1984: Kyoto Prefecture announced 'A basic policy for constructing Kansai Science City (for its area in Kyoto Prefecture).'

• 1886年（明治19年）皇居御造営局で明治宮殿建設に関わる、翌年までドイツ帝国出張
• In 1886 he worked for Kokyo gozoei kyoku and took part in the construction of the Meiji-kyuden Palace, and then he went on an official trip to the German Empire through the following year.

• 藤原氏という一族がいるのに藤原京という家臣の名の付く都を朝廷が建設することはない。
• The imperial court was unlikely to construct a capital called Fujiwara-kyo which contains the name of a vassal despite the existence of the Fujiwara clan.

• 第四十三条第一項の規定に違反して、建築物を建築し、又は第一種特定工作物を建設した者
• Any person who, in violation of the provision of Article 43 paragraph (1), has built any buildings or constructed Category 1 special structures;

• それが３万４３００平方メートルの敷地に、３５７５平方メートルの新工場を建設します。
• It will build a new 3,575 square meter factory on the 34,300 square-meter site.

• 典型的な餅まきは、上棟式を終えた後、建設中の住宅の屋根などから餅をまく形式である。
• A typical mochimaki is that rice cakes are scattered after jotoshiki from the roof (or other places) of a house under construction.

• 建設当初から、古都である京都に、このような建造物が必要なのか、賛否が分かれている。
• There has been controversy ever since its construction relating to the need for this kind of building in an ancient capital Kyoto.

• 1640年には江戸城の工事が最終的に完成し、江戸の都市建設はひとつの終着点に達した。
• The reconstruction of the Edo Castle was completed in 1640, marking one end point in the urban development of Edo.

• 未だ建設途上の大坂の町は全く無防備で、人々は紀州勢の破壊を恐れて自ら家宅に放火した。
• The town of Osaka which was under construction was totally undefended, so that people put fire to their houses, fearing the destruction by the Kishu army.

• このため富国強兵を掲げる明治政府は殖産興業に力を入れ、富岡製糸場などを建設していく。
• To accomplish this, the Meiji government, which was promoting the message of fukoku kyohei (rich country, strong military), focused on nurturing new industries and stepped up construction of various facilities including the silk mills of Tomioka.

• 韮山代官所は危機感を強め、品川沖にお台場を建設し、多摩郡などで佐藤彦五郎を編成した。
• Because the office of the Nirayama magistrate was strongly concerned about the threat, they built Odaiba off the coast of Shinagawa and organized Hikogoro SATO in areas such as the Tama district.

• 初代藩主・吉親は園部城築城や検地、城下町の建設や治水事業に励んで藩政の基礎を固めた。
• Yoshichika, the first lord of the domain, strengthened the foundations of the administration through construction of Sonobe-jo Castle, implementing a land survey, building the castle town, and implementing flood control measures.

• 特に司法制度の整備（司法職務制定・裁判所建設・民法編纂・国法編纂など）に功績を残す。
• He was particularly noted for his success in organizing the judicial system.

• 朝廷からの独立国建設を目指したが藤原秀郷、平貞盛らにより討伐された（承平天慶の乱）。
• He aimed to create a country independent of the Imperial Court, but his rebellion was put down by FUJIWARA no Hidesato and TAIRA no Sadamori and so on (Johei-Tengyo no Ran (Rebellion of Johei-Tengyo)).

• 二楽荘（にらくそう）は、西本願寺二十二世門主・大谷光瑞が六甲山に建設した別邸である。
• Nirakuso was the second house of Kozui OTANI, the 22nd chief priest of West Hongan-ji Temple, which he built in Mt. Rokko.

• このため本館の北隣に新館が建設されることになり、1986年（昭和61年）に開館した。
• Consequently, it was decided to build an annex building directly north of the main building, and the annex was opened to the public in 1986.

• 1908年：京都市三大事業起工式（道路拡張及び市電、第二琵琶湖疏水建設、上水道整備）。
• 1908: The city held groundbreaking ceremonies for three big projects: road extension and the construction of the Kyoto City Trams, the second construction phase of Lake Biwa Canal, and the construction of the water-supply system.

• また、現在の京都御所の建物の多くは江戸時代後期に江戸幕府によって建設されたものである。
• Meanwhile, most of the buildings in the current Kyoto Imperial Palace were constructed by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the late Edo period.

• しかし戦後、西神ニュータウンの建設が始まった時、こうした野田の構想は再び輝きを増した。
• But after the war, when the construction of Seishin New Town was started, this plan of Noda's began to increase its brilliance.

• 実際、大阪電気軌道は生駒トンネルの建設費用により経営が圧迫され危機的状況に陥っていた。
• In fact, Osaka Electric Tramway Co., Ltd. was struggling to stay afloat because of the cost of Ikoma tunnel construction.

• 4代目の新駅ビル建設に際して旧1番線をつぶし、現0番のりばのホーム拡幅に利用している。
• When the new, fourth-generation building was constructed, the former Platform 1 was demolished, and the existing Platform 0 was widened for actual use.

• 関東地方に武家政権の発祥とも言われる国家を建設し「新皇」を名乗った平将門の子と伝わる。
• He was said to be the son of TAIRA no Masakado who established a government that was the origin of the military government in the Kanto region and identified himself as 'new emperor.'

• 日光東照宮の建設などに家康以来の蓄財を浪費し、幕府財政窮乏の端緒を作ったとも言われる。
• Iemitsu also allegedly wasted the fortune that had been saved since the age of Ieyasu, creating the start of financial difficulties for the bakufu.

• 天正13年（1585年）に石山本願寺の寺内町をもとに秀吉が建設した大阪天満の町に転居。
• and in 1585 he moved to the town of Osaka Temman, built by Hideyoshi based on the layout of the inner precinct of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple.

• また当時なにもなかった「太秦」の地に初めて撮影所を建設、130本以上の映画を製作した。
• Bando built the first film studio at 'Uzumasa' at a time when nothing else was there and produced more than 130 films.

• 安土城以降は、土木技術の発達と相まって、大規模な石垣建造物が西日本に数多く建設された。
• After Azuchi-jo Castle had been built, many large stone wall structures were built in western Japan as civil engineering technology developed.

• 『柳営秘鑑』の著者である菊池弥門にとって、江戸城は四神相応の地に建設された城郭である。
• The author of 'Ryueihikan', Yamon KIKUCHI, considered that Edo Castle was built on the land coinciding with Shijin-so-o topography.

• 現在ダム機能の強化を目的にバイパストンネル建設を柱とするダム再開発事業を計画中である。
• There is a plan in place for a renewal project, featuring the construction of a bypass tunnel to extend the functions of the dam.

• 将来の国有化の可能性をにおわせながら、実際は予定線の民間による建設を容認するなどとした。
• Hinting the possibility of nationalization in the future, in fact, the act allowed the construction of planned lines by private sectors.

• さらに、大宝律令の制定後まもなく、空前規模の都城である平城京が、9年の歳月で建設された。
• Furthermore, soon after the establishment of the Taiho Ritsuryo, Heijokyo, a walled city on an unprecedented scale was constructed over nine years.

• 天平時代に建設された東大寺東大寺盧舎那仏像は平安時代末期の治承・寿永の乱の中、焼失した。
• Todai-ji Temple and the statue of Birushana Buddha, both built in the Tenpyo era, were destroyed by fire during the Jisho-Juei War which took place at the end of the Heian period.
• The Tenpyo era statue of Rushana at Todai-ji Temple was destroyed by fire during the Genpei War at the end of the Heian period.

• これらから、天武天皇が新しい国家建設のために計画的に発行したものである、と主張している。
• Therefore the theory insists that it was issued in a planned manner by the Emperor Tenmu for the establishment of a new state.

• 1960年代に私鉄電車の検車庫問題と国道建設問題に対する二度の国民的保存運動がおこった。
• In 1960s, two national preservation movements arose against the private railway company's train inspection garage problem and also the national route construction problem.

• 舞鶴線は日露戦争を控え着工を急ぐ必要から私設鉄道全盛の時代にも関わらず官営で建設された。
• Maizuru Line was constructed by the Government where railway lines were generally constructed privately at the time, due to the needs to hasten completion because of the coming Russo-Japanese War.

• 湖西線の長等山トンネル（前述）の建設にともない、一部区間の改修や経路変更が行われている。
• With the construction of Nagarayama Tunnel (railway) on the Kosei Line (previously mentioned), some parts of the section were renovated and rerouted.

• 律令国家が建設される以前の古墳時代・飛鳥時代においても、軍事を主務とする豪族が存在した。
• There were gozoku (local ruling families) that were specialized in military affairs in the Kofun (tumulus) and Asuka periods, which were before the establishment of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes.

• 交通量が多いことから、アミューズメント施設やファミリーレストランなどが続々と建設された。
• The traffic was heavy there, which led to the continuous establishment of facilities including amusement facilities and restaurants for family dining.

• 1909年（明治42年）にいよいよ神戸港の建設にかかり、神戸桟橋も買い上げることにした。
• In 1909, the Kobe Port finally started to be built and Kobe Sanbashi (Kobe Dock) was to be bought.

• 戦争を大東亜共栄圏の建設という至上の理想、「近代の超克」のために止むを得ないものと肯定。
• They affirmed that the war was imperative in order to establish the supreme ideal of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and to 'overcome the modern age.'

• その建設資金調達のため1342年に天龍寺船の派遣を献策し、尊氏は資金を得ることができた。
• In 1342, Takauji made a proposal to dispatch Tenryuji-bune, a trading vessel, for funding of its erection, and gained the fund successfully.

• 現在、それに近い形で建設された姿を和田倉門、馬場先門など皇居外苑付近に見ることができる。
• Today, we can find the traces of road construction based on his plan at Wadakura-mon Gate or Babasaki-mon Gate areas near the outer garden of the Imperial Palace.

• 当時の日本では自力での建設は無理なので、技術や資金を援助する国としてイギリスを選定した。
• Since Japan could not construct it by its own in those days, Britain was selected for a technical and financial assist.
• It was impossible for Japan to handle construction on its own, so they chose England to obtain technical and financial assistance.

• 江戸城下町建設のために、千石夫（役高1000石につき1人の人足）を徴発したことに始まる。
• It started with the requisition of Sengokufu (one laborer per yakudaka (salary paid in accordance with the rank of one's post) of 1000 koku (approximately 278 cubic meters of crop yields)) for the construction of the castle town of Edo-jo Castle.

• 結局のところ近代国家を建設するためには、各地を支配する藩（大名）の解体が不可避であった。
• After all, the new government could not avoid dismantling the domains (a daimyo [Japanese feudal lord]) which ruled the local areas in order to build the modern state.

• そこで倭国は防備を固めるため、様々な防衛施設を建設したことが『日本書紀』に記されている。
• 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) describes that Wakoku had constructed various defense facilities to strengthen the defenses.

• この遺跡は、1974年（昭和49年）、大阪外環状線建設の際に新たに発見されたものである。
• In 1974, the remains were found while the Osaka outside loop-line was being constructed.

• 1969年には、中村家所蔵の美術品を展示するため、寧楽美術館を建設して一般公開している。
• In 1969, Neiraku Art Museum was constructed to exhibit the artworks collected by the Nakamura family and opened to the public.

• これは幕府の要請を受けて築地居留地の外国人旅館として建設が始まり、明治維新後に完成した。
• Its construction started at the request of the Tokugawa Shogunate for a hotel for foreigners in Tsukiji Settlement, and was completed after the Meiji Restoration.

• この建設工事に際しては発掘調査などが行われず、遺構はそのまま破壊されたものと思われていた。
• Excavation or investigation was not conducted when this stadium was constructed, therefore ancient structural remnants were believed to have been demolished.

• 約10年間の交渉により梅林の復元と新生月ヶ瀬の再建を条件に高山ダムの建設工事は開始された。
• After about 10 years of negotiation, the construction work of Takayama Dam started with the conditions that the plum groves would be restored and a new Tsukigase area would be created.

• 建設された樺戸集治監の初代典獄（刑務所長）に月形が就任し、2000人もの囚人が収容された。
• TSUKIGATA was appointed as the 1st Tengoku (director of prison) of Kabato Shujikan where construction had just completed, and two thousands prisoners were detained.

• 「大宰府発掘・調査」では、約300年にも亘って当初の計画に基づき建設され続けたことになる。
• According to `Dazai-fu excavation and research,' it took about 300 years for construction based on the initial plan.

• 第三十七条又は第四十二条第一項の規定に違反して、建築物を建築し、又は特定工作物を建設した者
• Any person who, in violation of the provisions of Article 37 or Article 42 paragraph (1), has built any buildings or constructed special structures;

• 並行して新たな宮殿建設地の選定も行っており、翌年（656年）には岡本に新宮殿が建てられた。
• At the same time, a new Palace site was selected, and in the following year (656), a new Palace was built in Okamoto.

• 中村家が1939年に買い受けて整備した回遊式借景庭園の依水園の中に、1969年に建設した。
• This museum was constructed in 1969 in Isuien Garden, kaiyushiki-shakkei garden (Japanese style borrowed landscape garden with a path around a central pond) which was bought in 1939 and organized by the Nakamura family.

• 6世紀末には日本最初の本格的仏教寺院である法興寺（飛鳥寺）の建設が蘇我氏によって始められた。
• In the end of the sixth century, the Soga clan started to construct Hoko-ji Temple (also called Asuka-dera Temple), which was the first full-scale Buddhist Temple in Japan.

• 跡地には庁舎建設によって取り壊された王宮の一部が復元され、現在は同宮の正面入口となっている。
• The part of the palace which was destroyed due to the construction of the office building was restored in the site, which is now the front entrance of this palace.

• 日本初の蒸留所が造られた山崎は経済的な制約があり、より便利な場所に建設することが重視された。
• Yamazaki, where the first distillery in Japan was built, was chosen for the location because the place was more convenient due to the economic limitation to build it.

• 大阪平野を洪水から守るため、木津川 (京都府)支流に水量調節用のダムを建設する計画であった。
• The aim of the project was to construct a dam in the branch of Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) to adjust water volume to protect the Osaka Plains from flooding.

• また、公民館の横には、昭和5年（1930年）に地元の有志により建設された記念碑が立っている。
• At the side of the community center, there is a monument erected by local supporters in 1930.

• すなわち軌間が広いほど大きな列車を速く走らせることができるが、建設費がかさむ事が欠点である。
• Although a wider track guage allowed bigger trains to operate at faster speed, the drawback was that the wider gauge would cost higher construction expense.

• さらに、京都商工会議所などの創設などに尽力し、近代産業都市としての京都建設に大いに貢献した。
• He also devoted himself to establishment of Kyoto Chamber of Commerce and Industry and so on to contribute to the founding of the modern industrial city of Kyoto.

• フランス西部で多く使われていたが、ノルマン・コンクエストによりイングランド全土に建設された。
• These castles were used in the western part of France and also built all over England after the Normal Conquest.

• 明治4年（1871年）9月、その地に布教の拠点として、その地に東本願寺管刹（寺）を建設する。
• In September, 1871, he built Higashi Hongan-ji Kansatsu (temple) as the missionary base on the site.

• 1929年、宇治川の堤防が整備され宇治川と濠川に水位差が生じたため三栖閘門が建設されている。
• In 1929, Misu Lock Gate was built because the dikes of the Uji-gawa River were repaired to make a difference in water level between the Uji-gawa River and the Go-kawa River.

• 日吉ダム建設に伴いダムは全体の8割以上が水没し、ダムに設置されていたゲートは全て撤去された。
• More than eighty percent of the dam went under water after the construction of Hiyoshi Dam, and all the gates installed on the dam were removed.

• 尚、直上流の世木ダムは1951年（昭和26年）に関西電力による水力発電専用として建設された。
• Segi Dam, the next dam upstream, was built to serve as a exclusively hydroelectric power plant for Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. in 1951.

• その中で台湾の鉄道が最重要政策とされ、また一定規模を有する道路建設も重要項目として整備された。
• The railway was the most important policy, and to a lesser extent highways.

• 例えば、鹿鳴館の建設理由や経緯などは、当時の日本人の欧米文化への複雑な感情を端的に示している。
• For example, the reasoning and process behind the construction of the Rokumeikan (Deer-cry Hall) shows the complicated emotions of the Japanese in relation to European and American civilization.

• しかし、現在では舞鶴若狭自動車道の整備や、京都府が主導する工業団地の建設などが進められている。
• Now, however, the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway and Kyoto Prefecture-led industry parks are being built.

• 東舞鶴市も了承したことから、「時局ノ要請二応ジ大軍港都市建設ノ為」すべて京都府知事に一任した。
• Higashi-Maizuru City accepted these conditions and, given the situation prevailing at that time and the request to build a large naval port, both cities left the decision to the governor of Kyoto Prefecture.

• 京阪神では、アメリカ合衆国の例に倣ったインターアーバン（都市間電車）路線の建設が盛んとなった。
• In Keihanshin, construction of the interurban routes (inter-city trains) modeled after those of the United States of America has flourished.

• 一方で、産業育成と軍事力強化（富国強兵）を国策として推し進め、近代国家の建設は急速に進展した。
• In addition, the government promoted the fostering of industries and the strengthening of military power (so-called Fukoku-kyohei) as a national policy, forwarding the move to convert Japan into a modern state rapidly.

• 西南戦争が終わった頃から政府は相次いで起こった内乱の逮捕者を収監する施設の建設が急務となった。
• From around the time after the end of Seinan War, the government had to rush the construction of facilities to detain arrestees from domestic conflict that successively occurred.

• 橘の死後彼を慕う者が集い、明治45年銅像建立建設委員会が組織され、大正7年に銅像が建立された。
• After Tachibana's death, those who missed him gathered and set up a construction committee of his bronze statue in 1912 (表記の変更), and his bronze statue was constructed in 1918 (表記の変更).

• 明治23年（1890年）、東京都文京区本郷 (文京区)に本郷中央会堂（現・本郷三丁目駅）建設。
• He built Hongo chuo kaido (currently Hongo Sanchome Station (Hongo Third Block Station)) in Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo in 1890.

• アトリエ兼自宅・少年山荘（山帰来荘）を東京府荏原郡松沢村松原（現・東京都世田谷区松原）に建設。
• He built a house with his own studio called Shonen Sanso (Boy's Mountain Lodge)/Sankirai So (Smilax China Lodge), in Matsubara, Matsuzawa Village, Ebara County, Tokyo Prefecture (present day Matsubara, Setagaya Ward, Tokyo Prefecture).

• さらにパリやベルリンに劣らぬ首都を建設しようと官庁集中計画を進めた（井上辞任に伴い頓挫した）。
• And he proceeded with the project of centralizing the government offices in order to create a capital as good as Paris or Berlin (it was aborted due to Inoue's resignation).

• 耳川の戦いは、宗麟主導のもとでキリスト教王国建設を夢見て行なった無謀な戦争とされることが多い。
• The Battle of Mimi-kawa was often considered to be the reckless war with the dreaming of building the 'Christian Kingdom' mainly led by Sorin.

• 太平洋戦争中に日本軍がこの近くの平野部に飛行場を建設した時に、櫛山古墳の一部が掘り荒らされた。
• At the time of the construction by the Japanese army of an airport in an open field nearby during the Pacific War, a part of Kushiyama-kofun Tumulus was messed up by digging.

• 建設と言う言葉自体が明治時代に外来語を翻訳した時に出来た和製熟語でありそれ以前は普請と言った。
• The word '建設' (kensetsu) was created by translating the English word into Japanese during the Meiji period, and replaced the previous word '普請'(fushin).

• ハンガリーでは古代ローマ時代から公衆浴場が建設され、2000年近くに渡る温泉文化を持っている。
• Hot spring culture in Hungary, where public baths were constructed during the ancient Roman period, has a history of nearly 2000 years.

• 1993年（平成5年）8月 - 関西文化学術研究都市に「勤労体験プラザ（仮称）」の建設計画発表
• August 1993: tentative plan to build 'Work Experience Plaza' in Kansai Science City announced

• また、日本初の電車である京都電気鉄道（後の京都市電）が伏見港と京都市内を結ぶために建設された。
• Japan's first electric railcars, on the Kyoto Electric Railway (later Kyoto Municipal Streetcar), were established to connect Fushimi-ko Port and Kyoto City.

• そして、701年の大宝律令制定により倭国から日本へと国号を変え、新国家の建設はひとまず完了した。
• Furthermore, as a result of the implementation of the Taiho Ritsuryo Codes in 701, the name of the country was changed from Wakoku to Japan, symbolizing the completion of the new state.

• 1962年、東京都荒川区南千住にプロ野球専用球場・東京スタジアム (野球場)（東京球場）を建設。
• In 1962, Tokyo Stadium was built in Minamisenju, Arakawa Ward, Tokyo, as a professional baseball stadium.

• しかし、千恵プロは同年内に6本を撮り、年明け1929年（昭和4年）には嵯峨野に撮影所を建設する。
• Chie Pro, however, continued on to shoot six films in 1928 and built an additional studio in Sagano in 1929.

• 現在も三河の地には範頼の名で建設された寺が存在し、政治においても高い能力を持っていたと思われる。
• Today there is a temple which was built under the name of Noriyori and this shows his strong political capacity.

• フランク・ロイド・ライトとも親交があり、国会議事堂建設をはじめ多くのプロジェクトに関与している。
• He also communicated with Frank Lloyd Wright and participated in many projects including the construction of the Diet Building.

• それまでの官設官営の原則が崩れて、日本の幹線鉄道は、官設・私設の両方により建設されることとなった。
• The principle of construction and administration of railways by the government collapsed, and main railways in Japan came to be built both by the government and by private sectors.

• 深坑郷を流れる淡水河の支流である南勢溪を利用した水力発電所を建設し、台北市への電力供給を開始した。
• He constructed a hydraulic power plant, which used the Nanshi River, a branch river of the Danshui River running in Shenkeng Township to start a power supply to Taipei City.

• 樺戸や網走では道路建設が、空知や釧路では炭鉱、硫黄鉱山（アトサヌプリなど）の労働などに動員された。
• The prisoners were mobilized for road building in Kabato and Abashiri, and for the labor in coal or sulfur mines (in Mt. Atosanupuri and so on) in Sorachi and Kushiro.

• 明治26年（1893年）3月、無二三上京、イビイ神父のもとで働き始め、「鶏鳴館」なる寄宿舎を建設。
• In March 1893, Munizo went to Tokyo and worked under Eby missionary and built a dorm which eventually became the 'Keimei kan.'

• デ・レーケが指導や建設した砂防ダムや防波堤は、100年以上経過した現在でも日本各所に現存している。
• Erosion-control dams and breakwaters that were built under de Rijke's supervision still exist throughout Japan, after more than 100 years.

• 大国主の子である事代主・タケミナカタが天津神に降ると、大国主も自身の宮殿建設と引き換えに国を譲る。
• When Takeminakata, Kotoshiro nushi (a Japanese ancient god) who was a child of Okuninushi (chief god of Izumo in southern Honshu Island, Japan, and the central character in the important cycle of myths set in that region) descended to Amatsu kami, Okuninushi gave the land in exchange for building his palace.

• このことは、新国家の建設に向けて邁進しつつあった新政府にとっては、大きなメリットになったと言える。
• Thus, the new government seemed to enjoy great merit from seizing Edo because the new government was striving to establish the new country.

• 肖像画を基に東京都台東区上野の上野恩賜公園に高村光雲作（傍らの犬は後藤貞行作）の銅像が建設された。
• The statue, which based on a portfolio made by Koun TAKAMURA (the dog next to him was sculpted by Teiko GOTO), was built in Ueno Onshi Koen park which is located in Ueno which is in the Taito Ward of the Tokyo Metropolitan area.

• しかし義政との交流は深く、この頃建設中の慈照寺（慈照寺）に頻繁に招かれて参考意見を求められている。
• However, he was so close to Yoshimasa that he was often invited to Jisho-ji Temple, which was then under construction, and his opinion was sought on various issues.

• この為明治以降瀬田川洗堰建設や巨椋池の宇治川からの離断・干拓、新淀川開鑿等様々な対策を講じていた。
• In an attempt to prevent such floods, various measures have been implemented since the Meiji period such as building Setagawa-araizeki Barrage, the drainage of Oguraike Lake and its isolation from the Uji-gawa River, and the Shin-Yodogawa-kaisaku (new project of cutting the river wider).

• 反面、宴会を主としない固定客を持つ者も多く、これらの多くはバブル期以前に建設された物が殆どである。
• On the other hand, many ryokan have loyal customers who usually do not usually require banquets, and most of them were built before the bubble economy.

• また、江戸城の建設にともなって城内にあった山王権現（現在の日枝神社）は裏鬼門である赤坂へと移される。
• Additionally, the Sanno Gongen (present-day Hie-jinja Shrine) was relocated from the castle compound to Akasaka in the southwest where the Urakimon (literally translated as the back-demons' gate) during the reconstruction of Edo Castle.

• 鉄道網速成の方針と財政窮乏のジレンマが、幹線鉄道建設の一部を民間に委ねる方針転換をさせることになる。
• The dilemma between the policy of building the networks of railways quickly and the financial drought made the government change its policy and leave a part of the building main railways to private sectors.

• また諸藩でも、薩摩藩の開成所、集成館や、佐賀藩の蘭学寮設置や反射炉の建設など、独自の洋学が行われた。
• Several domains practiced unique Yogaku, such as Kaiseijo and Shuseikan in Satsuma Domain, and establishment of Rangakuryo (house of Rangaku) and construction of a reverberatory furnace in Saga Domain.

• この建設のために西部幹線二八水駅（現・二水駅）より工事作業地区までの鉄道を敷設し物資の輸送を行った。
• For construction, the railroad was laid from Erbashui Station (today Ershuei Station) on the Western Line to the construction site to transport materials.

• 前述の鉄道沿線開発では東武鉄道の根津嘉一郎 (初代)、阪急電鉄の小林一三の近代田園都市建設は名高い。
• Well known examples of the land development along the railroads mentioned earlier include the case of Tobu Railway led by Kaichiro NEZU (the founder) and that of Hankyu Railway under the lead of Ichizo KOBAYASHI.

• 上水道敷設、大阪港建設、下水道整備などを指揮し才腕を振るったが、4月、内務省を去り文官時代を終える。
• He directed a number of successful projects including waterworks, Osaka Harbor, and sewer systems however his civil servant career ended when he left the Ministry of the Interior in April.

• 嘉保年中（1094年 - 1095年）頃には、磐井郡平泉に居を移し、政治文化の中心都市の建設に着手。
• Around Kaho era (1094 - 1095), he moved to Hiraizumi in Iwai County and started to construct the city, which was to be the center of politics and culture.

• 日本側では明治4年（1871年）に井上勝（日本の鉄道の父）が鉱山頭兼鉄道頭に就任して建設に携わった。
• In 1871, Masaru INOUE (Father of Japan's railroad) joined the project from the Japan side by taking up the position of Mine and Railroad head.

• 早稲田大学の演劇博物館は、逍遙のウィリアム・シェイクスピア全訳の偉業を記念して建設されたものである。
• The Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum of Waseda University was constructed to commemorate Shoyo's accomplishments that translated the complete works of William SHAKESPEARE.

• （復元天守・復興天守・模擬天守・天守閣風建物の各詳細に関しては天守近・現代の天守建設を参照のこと。）
• (For details on restored castle towers, reconstructed castle towers, reconstructed imitation keeps, and donjon-like buildings, refer to the construction of modern and present donjons.)

• 淀川本川においては瀬田川浚渫・瀬田川洗堰改築を始め堤防強化に加え、天ヶ瀬ダムを建設する計画を立てた。
• For the main stream of the Yodogawa-River, it worked out a plan to build Amagase Dam in addition to dredging the Seta-gawa River, and strengthening dikes such as repairing Setagawa-araizeki Barrage.

• 軍事力を背景として皇位に就いた天武天皇は専制的な統治体制を構築していき、新たな国家建設を進めていった。
• Emperor Tenmu, backed by military force, established an autocratic regime, and pushed forward with a new nation-building plan.

• これらの事実は、律令施行があたかも一つの王朝の創始（または国家建設）に擬せられていたことを表している。
• All of these things show that the enforcement of the Ritsuryo was likened to the founding of a dynasty (or the establishment of a country).

• 敷地内に建設が予定されている新庁舎は、2008年春頃に完成し、同年7月に新庁舎での業務を開始する予定。
• A new government office is scheduled to be constructed around the spring of 2008 in the same premises and will be used as the government office starting in July of 2008.

• 論説「義勇艦隊建設について」男爵有地品之允、帝国海事協会機関誌『海事雑報』197、1905年2月10日
• A discourse 'About the Construction of Fleet of Loyalty and Courage' by Baron Shinanojo ARICHI, In-house magazine of Imperial Kaiji Kyokai 'Miscellaneous News about Maritime Affairs' vol. 197, February 10, 1905

• 更に洪水の多かった大井川の堤防の建設や流路の変更を川向いを領する駿府城主・中村一氏とともに行っている。
• Together with the Sunpu-jo Castle lord Kazuuji NAKAMURA, who ruled the land across the river, Katsutoyo constructed dikes and changed the flow of the Oi River, which frequently caused floods.

• 特に663年の白村江の戦いの後、唐や新羅による侵攻に備え、天智天皇の命で各地に水城や山城が建設された。
• Especially after the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663, the Emperor Tenchi ordered the constructions of Mizushiro (castles on lakes or marshes erected for defensive reasons) and Yamashiro (castles built on the top of mountains or halfway up the mountains for defensive reasons) throughout the country in preparation for invasions by the Tang Dynasty and the Silla (ancient Korean Kingdom).

• その他に、高森の著書が発刊されたり、高額な絵画、新しい会館の建設などの際に必要に応じて集められている。
• Donations are also raised according to need in order to publish TAKAMORI's books, to purchase expensive paintings, and construct new buildings.

• 近代国家の建設を急ぐ日本では、朝鮮半島を自国の独占的な勢力下におく必要があるとの意見が大勢を占めていた。
• In its rush to establish a modern nation state the opinion that the Korean peninsula should be placed under the exclusive influence of Japan held sway.

• 光信は陣屋や武家屋敷の建設に尽力し、幕府においても大坂城本丸普請や比叡山延暦寺の造営奉行として活躍した。
• Mitsunobu made efforts in constructing jinya (regional government office) and samurai residence, and in the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he also played an active role in constructing Honmaru (the keep of a castle) of Osaka-jo Castle and as Zoei Bugyo (Temple Administrator) of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.

• 訳：贈り物や結婚式、宴会などの催し、屋敷の建設などが最近華美になってきているので、今後は簡略化すること。
• Translation: As gifts, events such as weddings or parties and housebuilding have become too luxurious, from now on they should be simplified.

• 鳶職（とびしょく）（曳き屋、遣り方と同じ）とは、一般的に建設業で、高い所での作業を専門とする職人を指す。
• Tobishoku (same as hikiya [a workman who moves a whole building without demolishing] and yarikata [a workman who make a rough design before building]) generally means a workman specializing in working in high places in the construction industry.

• 本土決戦を目前にした陸軍が航空部隊・航空総軍の戦闘司令所として建設されたもので、二つの壕に分かれている。
• It was built as the top headquarters of air battle units of the Imperial Japanese Army in preparation for the coming decisive battles in the mainland, and it consisted of two shelters.

• 同バイパスの4車線化工事の一環として現在、供用中のトンネルの北西（山側）に別のトンネルが建設されている。
• As a part of the bypass's expansion project to four lanes, another tunnel has been under construction to the northwest (the mountain side) of the tunnels in service.

• 月形が去った後も囚人達の開拓は進み、1886年（明治19年）には日本で初めてといわれる上水道を建設する。
• The reclamation by prisoners proceeded even after TSUKIGATA's death, and in 1886, a water supply that is said the first in Japan was constructed.

• また、小谷城山上に六坊（寺の集住）を建設したり、寺社衆に対して所領の安堵や税政策の強化などを打ち出した。
• In addition, Hisamasa built rokubo (a complex of temples) on the top of the mountain where Odani-jo Castle is located while guaranteeing the ownerships of territory to temples and shrines with reinforced taxation policies.

• だが、渋沢は現状の民部大蔵省のあり方ではとても新しい国家建設に進める体制にはないとして辞退を申し入れた。
• However, Shibusawa declined the proposal saying the existing system of Minbu Okura-sho was far from building a new nation.

• また、実現はしなかったものの、日比谷にプロシア王国風の大規模な官庁街を建設する構想が打ち立てられている。
• It was also planned to build a large-scale authority's town like the Prussian Kingdom in Hibiya though it did not come off.

• 新都建設計画が準備不足により難航したため、反対意見も出されたが清盛に一蹴される（『玉葉』8月12日条）。
• The plans to build the new capital faced difficult times because of insufficient preparation, and this caused opposing opinions to be voiced; but, Kiyomori refused them flatly. (Source: Article for August 12 in 'Gyokuyo').

• 織豊系城郭は全国的に作られたわけではなく、その名称のように織田信長、豊臣秀吉麾下の諸大名が主に建設した。
• The shokuho period fortresses were not built throughout the country, but were mainly built by daimyo under control of Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as the name suggested.

• 撮影所が建設中のため、新興キネマ京都撮影所のステージを借りて撮影を行ない、同年12月18日に公開された。
• It was filmed at Shinko Kinema Kyoto Studio since the new studio was under construction, and it was released on December 18 of the year.

• 引揚者用の桟橋が設置されていた平地区を見下ろす丘に引揚記念公園が開設され、その一角に記念館が建設された。
• Repatriation Memorial Park was created on a hill overlooking the Taira district, where landing bridges for repatriates had been placed, and the Memorial Museum was built in a corner of the park.

• 東京の元赤坂にある迎賓館の建物は、東宮御所（皇太子の住まい）として1909年（明治42年）に建設された。
• The State Guest House building in Motoakasaka, Tokyo, was constructed in 1909 as Togu-gosho (Crown Prince's Palace).

• 代わって赴いた岩村通俊判官の下で札幌の建設が続けられ、明治4年（1871年）5月に開拓使庁が札幌に移った。
• SHIMA's replacement, Michitoshi IWAMURA, took over the construction work of Sapporo City and the head office, and the Development Commission's office was moved in to Sapporo in May 1871.

• 貞観11年（869年）の新羅の入寇貞観の韓寇の後、警固所として鴻臚中島館を建設し大宰府の兵や武具を移した。
• After the Silla invasion in the Jogan period in 869, the Dazaifu constructed 鴻臚中島館 as a guard office and moved soldiers and armor belonging to the Dazaifu to 鴻臚中島館.

• 1950年（昭和25年）には、東京都を日本の新しい首都とすることが明確に定められた首都建設法が制定された。
• In 1950, Capital Construction law was established expressly ruling Tokyo as the new capital of Japan.

• 外務大臣井上馨は条約改正のため鹿鳴館外交と呼ばれる欧化政策を採り、その一環として壮大な首都建設を構想した。
• Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kaoru INOUE employed the policy of Europeanization which was called the Rokumeikan (Rokumeikan guest house) diplomacy to aim at revising the European treaties and the grand capital construction was an integral part of the policy.

• 平安京建都1200年記念事業の一環として京都市が建設、財団法人京都市音楽芸術文化振興財団が管理・運営する。
• It was built by Kyoto City on the 1200th anniversary of the establishment of Heiankyo, and is operated by Kyoto City Music Art Cultural Promoting Foundation.

• 初期の代表的なものとして、二代目清水喜助（清水建設の実質的創始者）による築地ホテル館（現存しない）がある。
• A typical example in the early stage of this style was Tsukiji Hotel (now defunct) built by the second Kisuke SHIMIZU (founder of Shimizu Corporation).

• その他八幡製鉄所の建設と鉄道・電信事業の拡充および台湾の植民地経営など、国力充実と対外拡張のために使用した。
• Japan also spent the indemnity to increase its national strengths and external expansions, such as the construction of Yahata Iron Factory, expansion of the railways, and communication industries, and colonial management of Taiwan.

• しかし、マキノ・プロダクションの御室撮影所はまだ建設途中であったため、東亜キネマの等持院撮影所で撮影された。
• However, the film was shot at Toa Kinema's Tojiin Studio since Makino Productions' Omuro Studio was still under construction.

• 1585年（安土桃山時代）、豊臣秀次によって琵琶湖の東岸に位置する八幡山の麓に建設された城下町を起源とする。
• Its origin is the castle town constructed by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI in the foot of Mt. Hachiman-yama located on the east shore of Lake Biwa in 1585 (Azuchi Momoyama Period).

• 一方、明治政府の立場からは、天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史叙述が構築されていった。
• On the other hand, from the viewpoint of building a nation-state centered on the Emperor, the Meiji government developed nationalistic descriptions of history.

• 晩年の68歳より、富岡鉄斎からの影響で奈良県大台ケ原に登り始め、自費で登山道の整備、小屋の建設などを行った。
• When he was 68 he began climbing Mt. Odaigahara after being influenced by Tessai TOMIOKA, and at his own expense built a mountain trail and set up a small hut on the mountain.

• そこで新平は、徹底した調査事業を行って現地の状況を知悉した上で経済改革とインフラストラクチャー建設を進めた。
• He conducted thoroughgoing research and investigation of local conditions to carry out economic reform and infrastructure construction.

• 1892年に東京都文京区へ建設し、晩年まで過ごした住居「観潮楼」跡地に、文京区立本郷図書館鴎外記念室がある。
• On the old site of 'Kanchoro House' in Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, a residence which Ogai built in 1892 and lived in until his later years, there now stands the Ogai Memorial Hall and Hongo Public Library.

• 建設・土木、鉱山、電鉄、電力開発、金融、紡績、新聞、などの経営を手がけ、今日の多くの名門企業の前身を築いた。
• He was involved in various industries including construction and engineering, mining, electric railroads, power development, finance, spinning, and newspapers, and established the foundations of many of today's prestigious companies.

• 天龍寺の住職となり、幕府に対して五山第一の南禅寺の楼門（山門）新築を提言し、幕府は楼門建設の援助をしていた。
• He became the chief priest of Tenryu-ji Temple and advised the Shogunate to build Romon (Sanmon, temple gate) of Nanzen-ji Temple, the first temple of gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), which the Shogunate sponsored.

• しかし、財政難に加え、大阪がオリンピック開催地から落選するなどしたことから、建設計画そのものが凍結となった。
• But, because of financial difficulties as well as the fact that Osaka lost the bid for the Olympics, the construction plan itself was abandoned.

• 明治時代になると、政府の産業育成の動きも手伝って、近代的な絹の紡績工場が建設され、絹の生産量が一層高まった。
• During the Meiji period, backed by government measures to promote industry, modern silk spinning mills were constructed, which further increased the production of silk.

• そして、大仏鋳造が終わってから大仏殿の建設工事が始められ、竣工したのは天平宝字2年（758年）のことである。
• After the casting of the Great Buddha, the Daibutsu-den was started to be built to be completed in 758.

• 国土交通省近畿地方整備局が管理する国土交通省直轄ダムで、西日本屈指の大河川・淀川本流に建設された唯一のダム。
• This is a ministry-controlled dam under the Kinki Regional Development Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and it is the only dam built on the main stream of the Yodo-gawa River, one of the greatest rivers in western Japan.

• 第二の国会図書館は増えつづける蔵書を東京本館と分担して保存し、関西文化学術研究都市に建設されることになった。
• It was decided that the second facility of the NDL would be built in Kansai Science City and that the new facility would share the responsibility of preserving the increasing number of collections with the Tokyo Main Library.

• 国家主導の都市や寺院の建設には莫大な費用がかかり、動員された人々への支払いに充てる通貨が必要とされていたこと。
• Urban and temple construction led by the state needed enormous expenses and currency was necessary to pay organized people.

• 特に20世紀初頭に中国接近の度を強めていたアメリカは賠償金を中国人留学生への援助や、大学の建設などに充当した。
• In particular in the early twentieth century the United States, which was coming closer to China, diverted the reparations to the support of Chinese students in the U.S. and the establishment of universities.

• 当時の若手人気俳優片岡千恵蔵が設立したスタープロダクションであり、設立の翌年に嵯峨野に独自の撮影所を建設した。
• Established by a popular actor of the time named Chiezo Kataoka, its own studio was constructed in Sagano a year after its establishment.

• そこで、日本人に西洋を範とした近代化を目に見える形とするため、大隈重信・伊藤博文らは鉄道の建設を行う事にした。
• Therefore, in order to visually show Japanese people what modernization modeled after Western countries would be like, Shigenobu OKUMA, Hirobumi ITO and others decided to construct a railway.

• その後、石室南側の前室部分に1974年から空調設備を備えた保存施設の建設が始まり、1976年3月に完成をみた。
• After a while, a construction work started in 1974 to build an conservation facility having a air conditioner in the front space south of the chamber and ended in March, 1976.

• この中で水資源開発公団（現・水資源機構）によって青蓮寺ダム（青蓮寺川）や布目ダム（布目川）が計画・建設された。
• In accordance with that, Water Resources Development Public Corporation (now Japan Water Agency) planned and built Shorenji Dam over the Shorenji-gawa River, and Nunome Dam over the Nunome-gawa River.

• ただし満鉄への連絡線の建設の援助、清国人の満鉄株式所有・重役就任などを承認し、反日勢力の懐柔を図ろうとしている。
• However, he approved other options, such as the assist the construction of connecting lines to the South Manchurian Railways, the permission of obtaining the company stock by Qing citizens, and the admission of Qing citizens becoming executives of the company, in order to conciliate anti-Japanese influences.

• ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズの設計で1934年に今津郵便局舎として建設され、1978年まで使用され続けていた。
• Designed by William Merrell VORIES, the Imazu post office structure was built in 1934 and used continuously until 1978.

• こうした状況を受け、キッコーマンはアメリカ合衆国に工場を建設するなど、醤油は国際的な調味料として愛好されている。
• Responding to such demand, Kikkoman Corporation constructed soy-sauce factories in the United States, and soy-sauce has been loved as an international seasoning.

• 757年（天平宝字元年）に仲麻呂の子藤原朝狩が陸奥守となり、新たに勢力外だった土地に桃生城および雄勝城を建設した。
• In 757, FUJIWARA no Asakari, a son of Nakamaro, was appointed Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) newly building Momonou-jo Castle and Okachinoki Castle in an area which was formerly out of their control.

• 鉱山の開発や鉄道の建設、衛生環境の改善や、農林水産業の近代化などで台湾の生活水準は向上し、農工業の生産も増大した。
• The development of mines, construction of railways and improvement of public health, modernization of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries contributed to a higher living standard of Taiwan as well as an increase of agricultural and industrial production.

• また、翌年の665年（天智天皇4年）大宰府の背後に大野城 (筑前国)、前面に基肄城などの城堡が建設されたとされた。
• In addition, it is said that castles were built in the following year 665, including Ono-jo Castle (Chikuzen Province) on the back of Dazai-fu and Kii-jo Castle in the front.

• 1925年（大正14年）5月2日、竹薮だった太秦の地を切り開き、阪東妻三郎プロダクションが自社の撮影所を建設した。
• On May 2, 1925, Tsumasaburo BANDO Productions created its own movie studio after clearing a bamboo grove,

• 桂離宮の書院は「古書院」「中書院」「新御殿」の3つの部分に分かれ、このうち古書院の建設は1615年頃と推定される。
• The Shoin of Katsura Rikyu separated into three sections, 'Kosho in,' 'Chusho in' and 'Shin Goten,' and the Kosho in was presumed to be built in 1615.

• 2001年1月　中央省庁再編により、「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進室」が国土庁の所属から国土交通省の所属に変わる。
• January, 2001: Corresponding to the reorganization of the ministries and agencies of the central governments, the affiliation of 'the office for promoting the construction of Kansai Science City' changed from National Land Agency to Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

• 1966年に枚方バイパス（京阪国道）が開通し、1990年代に入ると住宅地や学校が建設され、峠周辺の様子は一変した。
• In 1966, Hirakata Bypass (Keihan-kokudo National Road) was opened, then in the 1990s, residential areas and schools were established, which greatly improved the pass's surroundings.

• つまり長安は家康から全国の金銀山の統轄や、関東における交通網の整備、一里塚の建設などの一切を任されていたのである。
• Nagayasu was completely responsible for the control of gold and silver mines across Japan, the development of transportation system in Kanto region, and the construction of milestones at intervals of one 'Ri'(about 3.927 km).

• 文久2年12月12日には、幕府の異勅に抗議するため、同志とともに品川御殿山に建設中の英国公使館焼き討ち事件を行う。
• On January 31, 1863, Takasugi and his comrades attacked and burned the British legation building under construction in Gotenyama, Shinagawa, in order to protest the shogunate's acting against the intentions of the Emperor.

• 鹿鳴館の建設地は内山下町の旧薩摩藩装束屋敷跡（現在の千代田区内幸町、現帝国ホテル隣の大和生命ビルの地）に決まった。
• It was decided to build the Rokumei-kan Pavilion in the once Shozoku-yashiki Premises of the former Satsuma clan in Uchiyamashita Town (where there is Yamato Life Insurance Building next to the present Imperial Hotel in current Uchisaiwai Town, Chiyoda Ward).

• 実はこの地点は、当時プロ野球選手だった大阪近鉄バファローズの梨田昌孝捕手の住宅建設予定地で発見されたものであった。
• As a matter of fact, this spot was found in the place where Masataka NASHIDA, having been at that time a catcher of Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes, a professional baseball team, planned to build his house.

• 京都アクアリーナは1982年の全面改修時に撤去したが、1999年に建設工事に着手、2002年7月に整備を完了した。
• Although Kyoto Aquarena was removed at the time of overall renovation in 1982, its construction was started in 1999 and was completed in July, 2002.

• 端的にいえば互助活動や相互扶助や自治としての建設（修繕、模様替も含まれる）の為の労力や資金の提供を求める事をさす。
• To put it plainly, it refers to asking for mutual service or mutual aid, and labor or monetary support to construct, repair and remodel facilities needed for the autonomy of the community.

• 2008年2月、京都市伏見区桃山町（宇治市六地蔵との境界付近）に建設していた新スタジオ（第1スタジオ）が完成した。
• In February 2008, a new studio (the first studio), which had been under construction in Momoyama Town, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City (near the boundary with Rokujizo, Uji City), was completed.

• 民家には建設された当時の生活状況が反映されており、生業（農業、商業など）や伝統行事と結び付いた要素が多く見られる。
• In the way they were built minka reflected aspects of lifestyle, being closely linked to work (farming or commerce) and traditional events.

• 京都迎賓館は1994年に「国立京都迎賓館」として建設が閣議決定され、2005年（平成17年）4月17日に開館した。
• The construction of the 'National Kyoto State Guesthouse' was decided by the Cabinet in 1994, and opened on April 17, 2005.

• しかしそれは、予定線建設のために必要がある場合のみ、私設鉄道の買収ができ、さらに議会の協賛を必要とするものであった。
• However, according to the act, the acquisition of private railway was possible only when acquisition was necessary for the construction of planned lines, and the support from the Diet was necessary.

• その後、東京ディズニーランド（TDL）の盛況にならって、各地に外国や童話等をテーマとしたテーマパーク建設が相次いだ。
• Following the successful Tokyo Disney Land (TDL), theme parks of foreign countries or fairy tales were built in many places.

• 鳥井は社内の反対を押し切って、千利休が茶室を設けた大阪府島本町の山崎の地に日本初のウイスキー蒸留所の建設を決定した。
• Torii decided to build the first whisky distillery in Japan in Yamazaki where SEN no Rikyu built his chashitsu (tea-ceremony room), Shimamoto Town, Osaka Prefecture over strong opposition in the company.

• 22歳で島津斉彬に見出され、尚古集成館事業や薩摩藩水軍増兵、軍艦建造、反射炉建設の職にあたり、近代海軍の礎を築いた。
• At the age of 22, his talent attracted the attention of Nariakira SHIMAZU (the lord of Satsuma clan), so that he was involved in Shuseikan (Western-style industrial complex) project, reinforcement of the Navy of Satsuma clan, the construction of warships and a reverberatory furnace to lay the foundations of modern navy.

• 千苅ダム建設など、水道・電気事業に特に大きな力を発揮し'水道市長''電気市長''電鉄市長'などと多くの異名が付いた。
• He was given the nicknames 'water mayor', 'electricity mayor' and 'railway mayor' for his contributions toward the construction of Sengari Dam and other water and electricity related projects.

• 特に度量衡の統一、電信や鉄道の建設、郵便制度の創設、助郷の廃止、殖産興業の推進、廃藩置県の提言などが実行に移された。
• Especially, proposals such as unification of scales and measures, telegraph and railway-related constructions, establishment of the postal system, elimination of sukego (labor which was imposed to the neighboring village to help the primarily imposed village), promotion of local productions industry, and Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) were actually carried out.

• 水城の建設等は、理科学的測定によれば『日本書紀』の記述等より90年以上も古くなり、大宰府本体も古くなる可能性がある。
• Based upon scientific measurements, the construction date of mizu-shiro (castles on lakes or marshes for defensive reasons) was ninety years earlier than the construction date in mentioned in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), which was even earlier than the main body of Dazai-fu.

• この間、飢饉時の救恤（きゅうじゅつ）の外に、貧窮者の援助、病院の建設、学資の援助など、島内の多くの人々の役にたった。
• It helped many people in the island during those days, for example by giving poor people money to save them when they suffer a famine, and also by supporting poor people, establishing a the hospital, and supporting education.

• また、2009年現在、『パチンコスロット DREAM（ドリーム）』、『御食事処 サガミ』などの施設が建設されている。
• As of 2009, new facilities, 'Pachinko Slot DREAM' and the 'Restaurant Sagami,' are under construction in the previous lot of the facilities.

• 同古墳と同様に平城宮建設の際に破壊された古墳としては、第2次大極殿跡の下に位置する神明野古墳（全長117m）がある。
• Another kofun that had been destroyed like Ichiniwa Kofun when Heijo-kyu Palace was constructed is Shimeno Tumulus (117m in total length) which had been located below the second Daigokuden site.

• 天ヶ瀬ダム（あまがせダム）は京都府宇治市、一級河川・淀川本川中流部、通称宇治川と呼ばれる流域に建設されたダムである。
• Located in Uji City in Kyoto Prefecture, Amagase Dam is on the Uji-gawa River, the common name of the middle reaches of the main stream of the Yodo-gawa River, which is known as a first-class river.

• この鉄道の建設は国策的要素が強く、また仙台駅以北が過疎地であり、完成後も赤字が見込まれることから、手厚い援助を受けた。
• The construction of this railroad was in line with the national policy and because of its anticipated financial red ink from the operation in the remote area north of Sendai Station, it received a generous government subsidy.

• 昭和五十五年十一月二十日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号
• Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of November 20, 1980

• ケーブル・バックド ボウの構造も、現在の建設技術としての様々な緊張梁（ハイテンション・ビーム）と基本原理は同じである。
• The structure of the cable backed bow also has the same basic principle as various high-tension beams seen in construction techniques at present.

• 関ヶ原の戦い後、各地に移封され、大幅に加封された外様大名達によって次々に城が建設され、既存の城も多くで改築を施された。
• After the Battle of Sekigahara, tozama daimyos (non-hereditary feudal lords), who were transferred to other domains with substantial additional properties, built one castle after another and also reconstructed many preexisting castles.

• しかし、現在の首都は一般的には「首都建設法」（昭和25年法律第219号：廃止）により定められた東京都であるとされている。
• But the present capital is generally said to be Tokyo Metropolis, as was ruled by 'the Law of Capital Construction' (law No. 219, 1950: abolished).

• 福知山は、藩が成立する前の戦国時代、光秀の治世の下で地子銭免除や城下町建設、近世的な福知山城の築城などが行なわれている。
• Before Fukuchiyama was established as a domain, during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Mitsuhide implemented land-tax exemptions, developed the castle town, and constructed the early-modern Fukuchiyama-jo Castle.

• 舞鶴市の製造業事業所数は2002年現在で326ヶ所、建設業事業所数は531ヶ所、卸小売・飲食店数は2,390ヶ所である。
• There were 326 manufacturer related business institutions in Maizuru City as of 2002, 531 construction business institutions, and 2,390 wholesale/retail sale/catering trade institutions.

• 道路としては片側1車線が確保されているが、急勾配、急カーブの連続する区間であり、上記のバイパスの建設が急務となっている。
• The road over the pass is double lane, but because it has continuous steep slopes and tight curves it is imperative to build the bypass mentioned above.

• 豊臣秀吉の京都改造の際に1587年頃より洛中の太閤検地を行い、続いて1591年には京都中心部を囲うように土居を建設した。
• When reconstructing Kyoto, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI implemented his Taiko-kenchi land survey in Rakuchu from around 1587, and in 1591 he constructed doi (mound) around central Kyoto.

• このため、昭和20年に日本建設産業（現住友商事）が設立されるまで、四半世紀ものあいだ住友では、商社開設はタブーとなった。
• Therefore, among Sumitomo, establishing trading company had been under taboo for almost a quarter of the century until Nippon Kensetsu Sangyo (current Sumitomo Corporation) was finally founded in 1945.

• また酒造業だけでなく受験進学校として知られる灘中学校・高等学校の前身、灘中学校の創立や兵庫運河の建設工事にも力を注いだ。
• He engaged in not only the sake-brewing industry but also the establishment of Nada Junior and Senior High School and the construction of the Hyogo Canal.

• 他の候補地に比べ石狩川という水上交通を利用でき、札幌市に近いことからこの地と決め、1881年（明治14年）に建設された。
• For the reason that it could use any water transportation with Ishikawa River and that it was close to Sapporo City compared to the other candidates, they decided it to be the construction site, and in 1881, the construction was launched.

• 慶応元年（1865年）、奄美大島の製糖工場建設に携わったアイルランド人建築技術者・トーマス・ウォートルスの通訳を務める。
• In 1865, Kagenori served as the interpreter with Thomas WALTERS, an Irish 'Surveyor General,' who was involved with the construction of a sugar refining plant in the Amami-Oshima Island.

• 皇太后となった香淳皇后は昭和天皇の吹上御所をそのまま吹上大宮御所として用いたため、新たな大宮御所の建設は行われなかった。
• Empress Kojun who became an empress dowager stayed in the Emperor Showa's Fukiage Gosho (the old imperial palace of Fukiage) and used it as the Fukiage Omiya Palace; therefore, there was no need to construct a new Omiya Gosho.

• 初代の兵部省兵部大輔（後の陸軍次官）を務め、事実上の大日本帝国陸軍の創始者、あるいは陸軍建設の祖と見なされることも多い。
• He worked as the hyobu taifu of Ministry of the Military (later renamed Vice Minister of Army Ministry) and he is often regarded as the de facto founder of the Imperial Japanese Army or the father of the Japanese Army.

• 昭和の戦前より城郭建築の復興事業、特に天守の建設が行われ、洲本城や上野城などに模擬天守、大坂城には復興天守が建てられた。
• Citadels were restored, especially castle towers that were built from before the war in the Showa period, reconstructed imitation keeps were built in Sumoto-jo Castle and Ueno-jo Castle and a reconstructed tenshu (keep) that was built on Osaka-jo Castle.

• 以上のように、白村江の敗戦は、倭国内部の危機感を醸成し、日本という新しい国家の建設を結果としてもたらしたと考えられている。
• It is believed that their loss at the Battle of Hakusukinoe fostered a sense of danger for Wakoku, which resulted in the building of a new nation called Japan.

• ただし、その国家建設は内発的なものではなく、唐を中心とする東アジアの国際関係の緊張を背景とする外発的な要因を主としていた。
• The construction of the state was not triggered internally, but chiefly by external factor of tension in East Asian international relations, mainly with the Tang Dynasty.

• それまでに完成していた京浜間、京阪神間鉄道を民間に売却して、その代金により新線建設を行なおうという案まで出たほどであった。
• It went so far that the idea came up that Keihin (Tokyo and Yokohama) and Keihanshin railways completed by then would be sold to the private sectors and with money obtained by selling the lines, the new lines would be built.

• こうした交通網の発達は、明治以降鉄道建設や道路整備により、京阪神を一体の地域としての性格を強めることに大きな影響を与えた。
• The development of such traffic networks had a major effect on strengthening the character of Keihanshin as an integrated area by the construction of railroads and the maintenance of its roads in and after the Meiji era.

• しかし、近代的な中央集権国家を目指すべく出された改正掛の提言が、その後の近代国家の建設に大きな影響力を与えることとなった。
• However, proposals by Kaiseigakari which were made to build a modern centralized government had great effect on building a modern state after that.

• 大隈の下には伊藤博文や井上馨といった若手官僚が集まり、木戸孝允とも結んで近代国家の早期建設を謳って大久保利通らを牽制した。
• Young bureaucrats such as Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE gathered around Okuma, and in cooperation with Takayoshi KIDO, they appealed for the construction of a modern state in an earlier period in order to check the activities of Toshimichi OKUBO and others.

• かつて牧野省三が建設した京都・等持院の「等持院撮影所」は、1924年（大正13年）6月以来、東亜キネマのものとなっていた。
• The 'Tojiin Studio' constructed by Shozo MAKINO had been owned by Toa Kinema since June 1924.

• 附　則　〔平成七年七月三日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of July 3, 1995]

• 附　則　〔平成元年四月六日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of April 6, 1989]

• 第三十三条第一項第十四号に規定する同意をしていない者が、その権利の行使として建築物を建築し、又は特定工作物を建設するとき。
• If persons who have not given the consent prescribed in Article 33 paragraph (1) item (xiv) build buildings or construct special structures as the exercise of their rights.

• 本館 - 明治20年竣工、総檜造、寄棟造、瓦葺、二階建、書院風建築、2階に玉座、延床面積500m2、建設費１万円（当時）。
• Main building: Completed in 1887; a two-storey shoin (reception room) style building with sohinoki-zukuri (built with only a Japanese cypress), yosemune-zukuri (hipped roof), and kawarabuki (tiled roof); the Imperial throne is on the second floor; the total amount of floor space is 500 square meters and the construction cost was 10,000 yen (at the time of the construction).

• しかし、富国強兵を目的とする近代国家建設を推進するためには、中央集権化による政府の地方支配強化は是非とも必要なことであった。
• However, the government desperately needed strong control over the provinces in order to develop the construction of modern state, to enrich the country and to strengthen the military.

• 1983年3月　3府県知事、関西経済連合会会長、学識経験者などを代表委員とする「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会」が発足。
• March, 1983: 'Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference' was inaugurated, with the governors of the three prefectures, chairman of Kansai Economic Federation and some academic experts.

• 高村正次と立花良介が「マキノ再興」を目指して、かつて牧野省三が建設した「御室撮影所」に設立したが、資金難で2か月で解散した。
• Masatsugu TAKAMURA and Ryosuke TACHIBANA established this company aspiring for 'the revival of Makino' at the 'Omuro Studio' constructed by Shozo MAKINO, but it was liquidated in two months due to financial difficulties.

• また、建設を請け負った大林組は約束手形が無価値同然となり、ほとんど支払いを受けられなかったため、こちらも危機的状況に陥った。
• Also its project contractor Obayashi Gumi was facing insolvency without getting paid after the promissory notes became worthless.

• この当時の大養徳国の政治の実態はよく分かっておらず、どう大養徳国金光明寺の建設計画に関っていたのか、疑問が残るところである。
• The actual political system in Yamato Province of those days is not known, and it is not clear how the provincial government was involved in the construction plan of Kinkonmyo-ji Temple in Yamato Province.

• 附　則　〔平成十年三月十九日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of March 19, 1998]

• 当該開発行為に関する工事用の仮設建築物又は特定工作物を建築し、又は建設するとき、その他都道府県知事が支障がないと認めたとき。
• If temporary buildings or special structures to be used for executing the relevant development activities-related construction are built or constructed, and where the prefectural governors find that such construction will cause no inconvenience;

• ちなみに、第二期工事として、フェリー乗り場のある前島埠頭とを結ぶ歩道橋の設置が計画されているが、建設の見通しは立っていない。
• Incidentally, there is a plan to install a pedestrian overpass connecting the park to Maejima Wharf, which has a ferry landing place, as the second phase of the construction, however, the outlook for the construction is still uncertain.

• 27歳でこの世を去った息子（バイロン・ストーン・クラーク）のためにとB.W.クラーク夫妻より6000ドル寄付され建設された。
• It was constructed with the donations of 6,000 dollars by Mr. and Mrs. Clarke, who donated this amount in memory of their son Byron Stone Clarke who died at the age of 27.
• It was established by a donation of 6,000 dollars from Mr. and Mrs. B.W Clarke on behalf of their son (Byron Stone CLARK) who died at age 27.

• 1954年（昭和29年）10月から翌年3月にかけて再組み立てされ、寺内の食堂（じきどう）東側に建設された収蔵庫に収められた。
• Then, the murals were reassembled from October 1954 to March of the following to be stored in the repository, built on the east side of the Jikido (dining hall) in the Horyu-ji Temple.

• ※郊外を中心に建設が盛んなレジャー型の銭湯（公衆浴場法外のその他の公衆浴場）については健康ランドやスーパー銭湯を参照のこと。
• For the leisure-type sento (other public bathhouses not subject to the Public Bath House Act), which are actively constructed mainly in the suburbs, refer to the article on 'Health Spa and Super Sento.'

• これに伴い洪水調節を強化する為比奈知ダム（名張川）等の建設が計画されたが、桂川流域においてもダムによる洪水調節が求められた。
• So in order to achieve better flood control, the building of Hinachi Dam (over the Nabari-gawa River) was planned and flood control using dams was also demanded for the Katsura-gawa area.

• これらの多くは経営者の高齢化による経営意欲の低下、後継者難に加え、建築基準との関係で新店舗の建設がしにくいことも指摘される。
• It is pointed out that some of the reasons for this are that architectural standards make it hard to build new shops, in addition to the weak motivation of aged owners of these businesses, and the lack of successors.

• 1986年（昭和61年）6月 財団法人関西文化学術研究都市推進機構設立(国土庁「関西文化学術研究都市建設基本方針」を策定）。
• June 1986: The Kansai Research Institute Foundation was established, and the National Land Agency created the 'Basic policy on the constructions of Kansai Science City.'

• 朝鮮半島南岸で築城を急ぐ日本軍に対し明・朝鮮軍は反攻を企画し、建設中の城塞群の内最東端に位置する蔚山城に目標を定めて攻撃した。
• The Ming-Korean army planned a counterattack against the Japanese army, which was hurried in building castles on the southern coast of the peninsula, and attacked the easternmost castle being constructed, which was Urusan-jo.

• その後1909年に新店渓の小粗坑発電所、高雄県美濃鎮の竹子門発電所、1911年には台湾中部の后里発電所などが次々と建設された。
• Subsequently the Xiaotzukeng Power Plant in the Xindian River and the Jhuzihment Power Plant in Meinong Township, Kaohsiung County were constructed in 1909, and the Chiahui Power Plant in the middle of Taiwan in 1911.

• このような７世紀の東アジアの激動を背景として，倭（天武天皇による国号制定以後日本）では中央集権的律令国家建設の必要性が生じた。
• Facing the highly volatile situation in East Asia in the seventh century, there emerged a need for 'Wa' (ancient Japan, 'Wa' was called 'Japan' after the establishment of the name of the country by the Emperor Tenmu) to establish a centralized state under the Ritsuryo system.

• 1986年6月　国土庁、「関西文化学術研究都市関係省庁連絡調整会議」の承認を得て、「関西文化学術研究都市建設基本方針」を策定。
• June, 1986: National Land Agency compiled 'Basic policy on the constructions of Kansai Science City' approved by 'the liaison and adjustment meeting of the ministries concerned with Kansai Science City.'

• 1968年に市が設置した諮問機関である交通対策協議会がその年の11月に出した答申が、京都における地下鉄建設計画の始まりである。
• The Subway Construction Project in Kyoto was launched based on the report presented in November 1968 by the Kotsutaisaku Kyogikai, a transport policy council established by the city in the same year.

• 日本側では1871年（明治4年）に井上勝（日本の鉄道の父。鉄道国有論者としても著名）が鉱山頭兼鉄道頭に就任し、建設に携わった。
• As for the Japanese side, Masaru INOUE (known as the father of Japanese railways as well as an advocate of the nationalization of railways) became the head of mining and railways in 1871 and was involved in the construction.

• なお各私鉄に対する援助の内容は建設する地域事情に応じて大幅に違っており、援助に当たって政府の判断が慎重に行われたと推察される。
• The extent of the financial aid to private railways differed depending on the varying circumstances of the area of construction and was estimated to be given a careful consideration when the government made its decision.

• 附　則　〔昭和六十年六月二十日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of June 20, 1985]

• 都道府県知事は、漁業者、漁業協同組合又は漁業協同組合連合会に対して、漁場の標識の建設又は漁具の標識の設置を命ずることができる。
• Governors may order fishery managers, Fisheries Cooperation Associations or Federations of Fisheries Cooperative Associations to construct the signs of fishing grounds or install the signs of fishing gear.

• 附　則　〔平成十二年十二月一日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第三号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 3 of December 1, 2000]

• この法律において「開発行為」とは、主として建築物の建築又は特定工作物の建設の用に供する目的で行なう土地の区画形質の変更をいう。
• 'Development activity' as used in this Act means altering the zoning, shape or quality of land to make it available mainly for the construction of buildings or special structures.

• 今井郷が都市的に発展したのは、本願寺一向宗の真宗の道場を建設して以来のことで、町並の整った寺内町今井が成立してきたようである。
• It was after a Shinshu sect dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) of Ikkoshu Hongan-ji Temple had been constructed that Imai-go (Imai Village) developed into a city and it seems that the temple village Imai with organized townscape became established.

• 建設現場やイベント会場、山頂といった場所や、災害時の避難所などには公衆電話ほどの四角い小さな簡易の便所が設置されることがある。
• Small and square simple toilets like a public phone booth are sometimes set up at construction sites, event sites, mountain tops, emergency evacuation areas, and so on.

• 例えば住宅の建設費で、坪当たりの単価を示す場合には「坪あたり○万円」を使わず「3.3平方メートルあたり○万円」の形で表記される。
• In showing the price of 1 tsubo when a house is constructed, for example, it is written as 'some thousand yen per 3.3 square meters' instead of 'some thousand yen per 1 tsubo.'

• 11・12世紀ごろには城塞の建設に伴っての家門形成が顕著であり、このころ形成された多くの家門の名が支配地や城塞を起源としている。
• In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, many families were formed with the establishment of castles; the names of the families that formed during this period were derived from their territorial lands or castles.

• 当初平安京と同様の条坊制による都市を建設しようとしたが、和田は平地が少なく手狭だったため、すぐにこの計画は行き詰まってしまった。
• The plan was to build a capital with the same street plan as Heian-kyo (ancient capital and present-day Kyoto), but the land of Wada was not broad enough and the plan soon got bogged down.

• 近年では朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の工作船事件などで軍事上の重要度が高まり、舞鶴飛行場が建設され舞鶴航空隊や特別警備隊が配備された。
• In recent years, its military importance is increasing due to incidences involving North Korean covert-operation boats; therefore the Maizuru Air Port was built to deploy the Maizuru Fleet Air Force and the Special Boarding Unit

• 国土交通省は学研都市の建設の理念を「産・官・学の連携の強化と、文化・学術・研究の国際的・学際的・業際的な交流の推進」としている。
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism define construction of the Science City as 'strengthening cooperation among industries, government offices and academic institutes while promoting international, interdisciplinary and inter-industrial exchange of culture, science and research.'

• 他にも秩父や八王子は良質の石灰や木材が取れるため、江戸城や城下の建設のため、建材供給を八王子の大久保長安と連携しつつ行っていた。
• In addition, as high quality lime and lumber are found in Chichibu and Hachioji, he supplied building material in collaboration with Nagayasu OKUBO in Hachioji for the construction of Edo-jo Castle and the castle town.

• 彼らは日本の満州における権益独占を好まずアメリカを盛んに引き込もうとし、その経済力を以って満鉄に並行する路線を建設しようとした。
• The Peiyang militarists disliked the condition where concessions in Manchuria were monopolized exclusively by Japan, thus The Peiyang militarists actively tried to involve the USA because of it's economic power to construct railway lines equally matched with Japan's South Manchuria Railway lines.

• 実際の建設に際しては、土木工事は築城経験のある日本の技術が生かされたが、六郷川橋梁だけはイギリス人の指導の下に木造で架橋された。
• As for the practical construction, Japanese techniques based on the experience of castle construction were applied in public works, but only the railway bridge over the Rokugo River was constructed under the British's instruction using timber.

• そのため、民間からの資本を入れてでも建設をおこなうべきだという声が出たが、実際に鉄道を見せないことにはそれすら進まないと考えた。
• Then, some insisted that it should be constructed even with some private capital, but also they thought that they needed to show people an actual railway in order to attract capital.

• 附　則　〔平成三年十二月二十一日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of December 21, 1991]

• 附　則　〔平成十二年五月二十三日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of May 23, 2000]

• 附　則　〔昭和六十年十一月二十日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第二号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 2 of November 20, 1985]

• 附　則　〔平成十二年八月二十一日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第二号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 2 of August 21, 2000]

• 附　則　〔昭和五十九年六月十九日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of June 19, 1984]

• （1995年1月17日に起きた阪神大震災で本館建物に深刻な被害があり。1996年に新府立図書館建設基本計画を出したものである。）
• (After the main building was devastated by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake on January 17, 1995, a basic plan for building a new prefectural library was developed in 1996.)

• 水資源開発公団は「淀川水系水資源開発基本計画」の変更を行い、「水資源開発公団法」に基づく多目的ダムとして建設を同年より計画した。
• The Water Resources Development Public Corporation revised the 'Yodo-gawa River System Construction Implementation Basic Plan' and it was planned to construct the dam as a multipurpose dam based on the 'Water Resources Development Public Corporation Law' the same year.

• 長官の赴任に同行した佐賀藩士島義勇首席判官は、銭函（現小樽市銭函）に開拓使仮役所を開設し、札幌市で市街の設計と庁舎の建設を始めた。
• A leading magistrate and former feudal retainer of the Saga clan, Yoshitake SHIMA, who accompanied the chief of the Development Commission, established a temporary office in Zenibako (present-day, Zenibako, Otaru City) and started the designing of the urban district of Sapporo City and the construction of a head office in Sapporo.

• 中国では、風水説（四神相応）と並び首都建設の基本であったが、宋 (王朝)の時代に入ると条坊制に基づいた都はあまり作られなくなった。
• Jobosei, as well as Fusui-setsu (feng shui theory) (Shijin-soo [an ideal topography for the four Taoist gods, with a river in the east, a broad avenue in the west, a basin in the south, and a hill in the north]), was a basic idea of constructing capitals in China, however, construction of cities based on Jobosei became unpopular with the beginning the Sung Dynasty period.

• 1999年に建設省が足尾地区の治山事業に投じた金額は、20億3000万円であり、栃木県は8億円、林野庁は2億5000万円を投じた。
• For the afforestation project in the Ashio area, in 1999, the Ministry of Construction allocated 2.03 billion yen, Tochigi Prefecture spent 800 million yen, and the Ministry of Forestry spent 250 million yen.

• 出土した木簡などの遺物は奈良時代の生活を知る貴重な遺産となったが、地元や研究者の反対にも関わらず遺構の多くは建設により破壊された。
• The relics, such as excavated mokkan, are precious legacy for understanding life in Nara period, but most of the ancient structural remnants were destroyed by construction works regardless of the oppositions of the local residents and researchers.

• 京都府議会は「京都北部の中心都市としてだけでなく、府下の唯一の大港湾都市建設に万進すべき」との決議を採択し、東西分離案を否決した。
• However, the Kyoto Prefecture assembly vetoed the motion, adopting the resolution that '(Maizuru should) be prosperous not only as a central city of northern Kyoto but also as a large port city in Kyoto Prefecture.'

• 日本国有鉄道五新線が通る予定で、途中の阪本まで建設が進められていたが中止され、用地の一部はバス (交通機関)専用道路に転用された。
• There was a plan according to which Goshin Line of Japan National Railways was to run through Ano, and the construction was underway up to a place called Sakamoto; however, the plan was cancelled and a part of the site was used for a bus lane instead.

• 北海道の開拓に関する建白書を政府に建議した際、網走集治監（網走刑務所）の囚人（思想犯多数）を開拓や道路建設に従事させるように提案。
• He submitted the government a petition about reclamation of Hokkaido, proposing to engage the prisoners of the Abashiri prison in reclamation and road construction works.

• 北垣は、京都の勧業政策として琵琶湖から京都までの疏水建設によって、灌漑、上水道、水運、水車の動力を目的とした琵琶湖疏水を計画した。
• Kitagaki planned, as a measure to promote industries in Kyoto, the construction of Lake Biwa Canal for irrigation, water supply, water transport and powering water wheels by building a canal between Lake Biwa and Kyoto.

• 1925年に京都市山科区から奈良市幸町に引っ越してきた志賀は、奈良公園に隣接し若草山の眺望も良い高畑に居宅を1929年に建設した。
• In 1925, SHIGA moved to Saiwai-cho, Nara City from Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City; in 1929, he built a residence in Takahata which was adjacent to Nara Park and had an excellent view of Mt. Wakakusa.

• また日本女子大学の化学館、慶應義塾大学の旧図書館の建設や、早稲田大学の理工学部の創設などには、伝三郎からの多額の寄付があてられた。
• Also, the Chemistry Museum at Japan Women's University, Keio University's former library and the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Waseda University were all established with sizeable donations from Denzaburo.

• 附　則　〔昭和五十六年九月二十六日総理府・大蔵省・文部省・厚生省・農林水産省・通商産業省・運輸省・郵政省・労働省・建設省令第一号〕
• Supplementary Provisions [Ordinance of the Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of September 26, 1981]

• 跡地は東急不動産へ売却され、リゾートのテイストを盛り込んだ総戸数275戸のマンション「ブランズ西大津レイクフロント」が建設された。
• The vacant lot of the facilities was sold off to the Tokyu Land Corporation, and the developer constructed a condominium with a resort-like atmosphere, the 'Buranz Nishi-Otsu Lake Front' with the total number of households in 275.

• こうして、興福寺旧境内である現在地で1892年（明治25年）より建設工事が始まり、1894年に本館が竣工、翌1895年に開館した。
• In this way, the construction of the museum started at the current location in the former premises of Kofuku-ji Temple from 1892, and the Original Museum Building was completed in 1894 and opened in the next year, 1895.

• 明治42年に建設された辰野金吾設計の奈良ホテルのラウンジを開館二十五周年記念事業の一つとして移築修復し、ホールとして活用している。
• The lounge of Nara Hotel designed by Kingo TATSUNO and built in 1909 was relocated and innovated in a series of a project commemorating the 25th anniversary of the establishment and is utilized as a hall.

• また民間企業による鉄道建設も進み、糖業鉄道、塩業鉄道、鉱業鉄道などが軽便鉄道として台湾各地を網羅し台湾における交通の要となっていた。
• The private railways were also constructed and the Taiwan Sugar Railways, Salt Railways, Mining Railways, as light railways, extended throughout Taiwan, playing the vital role for the transportation in Taiwan.

• グラバー邸は長崎の高台に築かれ、グラバーの指示に従って日本人が建設したものだが、来日した外国人技師によるものも見られるようになった。
• The Glover Mansion, standing on a high point in Nagasaki, was built by Japanese people under instruction from Glover, but there were also some structures that were constructed by visiting foreign engineers.

• 建設の契機は奥田東・京都大学名誉教授による提案による「関西学術研究都市調査懇談会」（通称・奥田懇談会）の提言によるものが大きかった。
• The construction of the city was largely grounded in a proposal, 'Kansai Science City Surveillance Conversazione,' by Azuma OKUDA, professor emeritus of Kyoto University, (so-called Okuda Conversazione).

• 北浜銀行に取り付け騒ぎが起こった一番の原因は、生駒トンネル建設工事で無謀とも思われる多額の資金を大阪電気軌道に貸し出したためである。
• The underlying reason for the toll taken at Kitahama Bank was the reckless massive loan made to Osaka Electric Tramway Co., Ltd. in connection with the Ikoma tunnel construction project.

• その後、戦時中の中島飛行機の軍事工場供出をへて、函館工場・福島工場を建設して拡大したが、昭和６０年に製網・紡績の製造事業を中止した。
• Then, after the wartime contribution of a military factory for Nakajima airplane, they once expanded their business by constructing Hakodate factory and Fukushima factory, but they discontinued their manufacturing business of nets and spinning in 1985.

• 東宮御所の建設に心血を注ぎ、完成の報告を明治天皇に行ったところ、一言「贅沢すぎる」と言われてショックを受け、病気がちとなったという。
• After being devoted to construction of the Togu-gosho Crown Prince's Palace, he reported to Emperor Meiji on the completion of the palace, but the Emperor said nothing except that the palace was 'too luxurious,' and this shocked him so much that he became physically weak and susceptible to illnesses.

• 後に今上天皇は吹上御苑内に建設された現在の新吹上御所に移られ、代わりに皇太子徳仁親王が赤坂の御所に入られて再び東宮御所となっている。
• Later, the present Emperor moved in the present-day new Fukiage Gosho which was constructed on the premise of the Fukiage Imperial Gardens and Crown Prince Naruhito moved in the Akasaka Imperial Palace in his place, so the Akasaka Imperial Palace came to be known as Togu Gosho again.

• また輸送力を重視し線路は一区間（広島県内の瀬野八の22.5パーミル）除き、勾配は10パーミリ以下曲線は半径300m以上で建設された。
• It also placed an emphasis on transportation capacity by constructing its line with a track gradient of less than 10 per millimeter except one segment (at Senohachi in Hiroshima Prefecture at 22.5 per millimeter), a curve radius of more than 300 meters.

• 南極ドロンニング・モード・ランドにおけるベルギーの新観測基地の建設及び運営に関する包括的環境影響評価書案の公表及び意見の募集について
• Release of and Invitation for Public Comments upon a Draft Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) on the Construction and Operation of the New Belgian Research Station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

• 具体的には、道や石垣、井戸や上水道の木管の敷設や排水溝（どぶ）の布設、鯨舟鞘廻御用での橋梁建設や町火消での消火活動などが挙げられる。
• Specifically, fushin included the construction of roads, stone walls, wells, wooden aqueducts, drain ditches, building bridges for kujirabunesayamawashi goyo (service rendered through the use of a whaling ship), and fire fighting by machi hikeshi (firemen).

• そのため、同説が8世紀後葉に建設された平安京選地の思想的背景であるとの前提に立った主張については裏付けがないことに注意が必要である。
• Therefore, we need to pay attention to the fact that there is no proof of the argument based on the assumption that this theory is the ideological background for choosing the land for Heian-kyo, which was built in the late eighth century.

• 1901年、総督府は『台湾公共規則』を公布、以前からの水利施設を回収すると共に、新たに近代的な水利施設を建設することをその方針とした。
• The Sotoku-fu issued the 'Taiwan Public Rules' in 1901, by which the old water facilities were replaced with the modern water facilities.

• 首都建設法は1956年（昭和31年）に廃止されており、現在有効な法（現行法）で「首都は東京都」と直接的な表現を用いて定めるものはない。
• Law of Capital Construction was abolished in 1956 and there is no existing law that directly stipulates that 'the Capital is Tokyo.'

• 1931年（昭和6年）5月、トーキー映画の製作を目指してふたたび独立、奈良の生駒山山麓に撮影所を建設し、「月形プロダクション」とした。
• In May of 1931, Tsukigata became independent once again with the aim of producing talkie films and established 'Tsukigata Productions' by constructing a studio at the foot of Mt. Ikoma in Nara.

• 内浜の設置は、慶安元年（1648年）からの枳殻邸（渉成園）の建設などに合わせて、御土居の付け替え、高瀬川の流路の変更とともに行われた。
• Uchihama was built during the construction of Kikoku-tei House (Shosei-en Garden) that started from 1648, which coincided with the replacement of the Odoi earthen walls, as well as change in the flow of the Takase-gawa River.

• その中には「ヨハネスブルグ」「ボストン」「ニューヨーク」といった名前が見られるが、これらの都市が建設されたのはかなり新しい時代である。
• Although 'Johannesburg,' 'Boston,' and 'New York' are included as such names, these cities were built rather recently.

• 大村は軍制改革の中心を担い、1869年6月には政府の兵制会議で大久保らと旧征討軍の処理と中央軍隊の建設方法について論争を展開している。
• Omura was responsible for military reform and at a military meeting in July 1869, he clashed with Okubo and others over the treatment of the defeated armies and the establishment of a centralized military.

• ダム直下流部に複合温泉施設として「スプリングスひよし」を建設、温泉・プール・体育館等を備え、広大な芝生を植えキャンプ場や公園等を整備。
• At the downstream side of the dam, they constructed a hot spring facility 'Springs Hiyoshi,' which is equipped with hot springs, a swimming pool, and a gymnasium, and planted grass over a wide area to create a park with a camp site.

• 1861年より横浜居留地内で居留外国人によって西洋式の競馬が行われるようになり、1866年に横濱競馬場が建設された後は特に盛んとなった。
• Western-style horse racing was first conducted by the foreigners living in Yokohama settlement beginning in 1861, and the practice flourished even more after the Yokohama horse-racing track was built in 1866.

• 発見が科学的調査によるものではなく、建設工事現場で地下から掘り出され人から人の手に渡ったため、いつ、どこで掘り出されたものか不明である。
• It is unclear when and where the epitaph was dug up because it fell into other's hands after it was dug up from under the ground at the construction site, not by scientific research.

• 京都～桃山御陵前間は鉄道省奈良線の旧線跡を利用して建設され、全通時より大軌の近鉄奈良線・畝傍線（現在の近鉄橿原線）と直通運転をしていた。
• The section between Kyoto Station and Momoyama Goryo-mae Station was constructed with the use of an old railway site of the Japanese Government Railways' Nara Line, and since the entire line entered full operation it was operated directly to the Daiki's Kintetsu Nara Line and the Unebi Line (current Kintetsu Kashiwara Line).

• 具体的には信者と一般民衆との土地境界線争いに宣教師が介入したり、教会建設への反感からくる確執といった民事事件などから発展したものが多い。
• Specifically, many incidents developed from the missionaries entering conflicts over land boundaries between believers and common people, and antipathy towards the construction of churches.

• これは鉄道発祥国イギリスの技術力を評価したことと、日本の鉄道について建設的な提言を行っていた駐日公使ハリー・パークスの存在も大きかった。
• England was selected after being recognized for its technology as the country of origin of the railroads, and because the British Minister to Japan, Harry Burks gave a positive advice on Japanese railway.

• 1976年（昭和51年）に舞鶴市が建設すると、京都府北部で唯一の大型野球場として高校野球のみならず、プロ野球の二軍戦などが行われている。
• Ever since Maizuru City built the stadium in 1976, not only high-school baseball games, but also the farm team games have been held here as it is the only large-scale baseball stadium in northern Kyoto.

• 楼門建設には南禅寺と紛争状態であった園城寺が抗議し、比叡山の門徒もこれに加わり楼門撤去や妙葩の配流を求め、紛争は政治問題にまで発展する。
• Together with the Monto (followers) of Mt. Hiei, Onjo-ji Temple, which was in conflict with Nanzen-ji Temple, protested against the construction of the Romon, requesting its removal and Myoha's banishment, and this resulted in the conflict becoming a political issue.

• しかしスダッタが本当に金貨を敷き詰め始めたため、ジェータ太子は驚いて、そのまま土地を譲渡し更に自らも樹木を寄付して、寺院建設を援助した。
• On seeing Sudatta starting to spread gold coins, Prince Jeta was so surprised that he not only gave Sudatta the land, but also supported the construction of the temple by donating trees.

• 遺跡の北東約600mには平成12年（2000年）～14年（2002年）にかけて、新名神高速道路建設に関連して発掘された鍛冶屋敷遺跡が有る。
• At about 600 meters northeast of this site, the remains of the residence of smith, which had been dug from 2000 to 2002 in the construction of Shin Meishin Expressway, are located.

• しかしながら、呉鎮守府、佐世保鎮守府の整備が優先され、舞鶴の軍港建設費用には日清戦争によって清から支払われた賠償金があてられる事になった。
• However, the improvement of Kure Chinjufu (Kure Naval District) and Sasebo Chinjufu (Sasebo Naval District) was prioritized before Maizuru, and so the monetary compensation for the Sino-Japanese War paid by Ching was to be appropriated for building the naval port in Maizuru.

• 大正2年（1913年）住友肥料製造所（現住友化学）を設立し、同8年大阪の臨海工業地帯建設のために大阪北港（後の、住友土地工務）を設立した。
• In 1913 he founded Sumitomo Hiryo Seizo-sho (current Sumitomo Chemical), and in 1919 built Osaka Hokko (the North Port of Osaka, the predecessor of Sumitomo Land and Construction) for the coastal industrial areas of Osaka.

• 例によって教会建設に端を発する土地争いの裁判で不利な判決を言い渡された一般民衆が梅花拳という拳法の流派に助けを求めたのが、きっかけである。
• It was caused by common people seeking help from the Plum Blossom Martial Art school after receiving unfair judgment over a land dispute regarding the building of a church.

• 二つ目は新しい坊（寺）の建設禁止と既存の坊の整理統合を命じたもので、同時に寺号付与の権利を本山である本願寺法主のみが保持することになった。
• The second law prohibited building new temples and ordered reorganization of the existing temples, and at the same time it was decided that the hoshu of the head temple Hongan-ji Temple only had the right to decide temples' names.

• これは鉄道発祥国イギリスの技術力を評価したことと、日本の鉄道について建設的な提言を行っていた、駐日公使ハリー・パークスの存在も大きかった。
• The choice was made not only because technical capabilities of Britain, the birthplace of railways, was highly evaluated but also because Harry Parkes, the Biritish minister in Japan, had presented constructive proposals on a railway in Japan.

• 政府部内では井上勝が官営鉄道による建設を主張したが、財政安定を図る大蔵卿松方正義の方針により国が援助する私鉄による鉄道網の整備が行われた。
• Within the government, Masaru INOUE advocated a government-run railway but the government adopted the formation of a network of private railways with the government assistance under the direction of the Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) Masayoshi MATSUKATA.

• 琵琶湖疏水建設は、国や京都府の財政支出のみならず、市債や寄付金などのほか、市民に対しての目的税をも財源とし、府民と一体となって取り組んだ。
• Financial resources for the construction of Lake Biwa Canal were not only the finances of the country and Kyoto Prefecture, but also municipal bonds, contributions, and special-purpose tax on citizens; he worked hard together with citizens of the prefecture.

• アメリカ合衆国コネティカット州ニューロンドン (コネチカット州)のハリス(JONATHAN N. HARRIS)の寄付によって建設された。
• It was constructed with the donations of Harris (Jonathan N. HARRIS) of New London, Connecticut, U.S.

• 特に2000年、世界保健機関（WHO）から蚊帳の増産とアフリカへの無償技術移転を依頼された住友化学はタンザニアに工場を二箇所建設している。
• Following a request by the World Health Organization (WHO) to increase mosquito net production and voluntary export of technology to Africa, Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd. constructed two factories in Tanzania in the year 2000.

• さらに2007年（平成19年）4月には、舞鶴市政記念館横の一棟が、まいづる智恵蔵として建設当時の姿を再現した形でリニューアルオープンした。
• Also, in April 2007, one warehouse at the side of the Maizuru City Commemoration Hall was renovated and reopened as Maizuru Wisdom Warehouse with its original appearance restored.

• 家門の創設に当たっては王位や官職、あるいは一定の支配権の獲得、領地の取得、城塞や館の建設など歴史的な事件となりうる行為をもっておこなわれる。
• In establishing a kamon (family), a deed that can be considered a historical incident is necessary: ascension to the throne, obtaining a government post or a certain mastermanship, or a territorial land or building such as a castle or a manor.

• それに伴い、琵琶湖疏水といった疏水の建設と、疏水を用いた日本初の水力発電、更にその電力を用いた日本初の電車（路面電車）運転などが実施された。
• As a result, waterways such as Lake Biwa Canal were built, the first hydroelectricity in Japan was generated with such canals, and the first electric train (streetcar) in Japan was propelled by hydroelectricity.

• 同年9月、伊藤大輔 (映画監督)監督『建設の人々』を製作する永田雅一の「第一映画」にステージをレンタルしたが、室戸台風でステージが崩壊する。
• During September of the same year, the stage was rented to Masaichi NAGATA's 'Daiichi Eiga,' which was to produce 'Kensetsu no Hitobito' directed by Daisuke Ito (film director), but the stage collapsed in Typhoon Muroto.

• 結局家茂との結婚が決まった後も、幕府に異母姉桂宮淑子内親王の御殿の建設や、降嫁後も大奥風ではなく御所風の生活を守ることなどを約束させている。
• Although the marriage with Iemochi was confirmed officially, she made the bakufu promise to build a new Palace for her half younger sister, Katsuranomiya Imperial Princess Sumiko, or to make sure she would have her own room in the style of the Imperial Palace, not in the inner rooms of the shogun's palace (Ooku) style, after the marriage.

• また、ハーフミラーのガラスやアルミパネルを多用した造形が古都に相応しくないとして、建設から10年近く経った今日でも否定的な意見も少なくない。
• Additionally, even today, nearly ten years after the construction, there are still many negative opinions stating that the form, with its heavy use of half-mirror crystals and aluminum panels, doesn't match the ancient capital.

• 京浜間と同時に工事が進められていた京阪神地区も順調に建設が進み、明治7年（1874年）5月11日には大阪駅・神戸駅 (兵庫県)間が開通した。
• The construction of the Keihanshin area progressed smoothly at the same time as that of the Keihin district, and a line between Osaka Station and Kobe Station started operation on May 11, 1874.

• これは、建設に先立つ事前協議の結果、難波宮跡の遺構の保存と難波宮跡公園から大坂城跡への景観を確保するために「平面案」が採用されたためである。
• As a result of pre-construction consultation, this 'street-level design' was adopted to preserve the remains of the Naniwa no Miya Palace ruins and to secure the scenery between Naniwa no Miya Historical Park and the ruins of the Osaka-jo Castle.

• 平城京の建設以前から存在した市庭古墳が、平安時代の人物である平城天皇のために造られた古墳でないことは明らかで陵墓の治定に否定的な意見が多い。
• Because it is clear that Ichiniwa Tumulus which had existed since before the construction of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) is not a tomb mound made for Emperor Heizei who was a person in the Heian period, there are many negative opinions on the authorization of the imperial mausolea.

• この環濠は巾三間（約 5.45m）を有し、同環濠を掘り上げた際の建設発生土を盛り上げて土塁を築き、東西南北に九つの門を開けていたようである。
• The surrounding moat is approximately 5.45 meters in width and the earth dug up during excavation of that moat was piled up to build dorui (earthen walls) which seemed to have a total of nine gates that serviced the north, south, east and west ends of the town.

• 聚楽第（じゅらくだい／じゅらくてい）は、安土桃山時代に豊臣秀吉が京都の内野（平安京の大内裏跡、現在の京都市上京区にあたる）に建設した大邸宅。
• Jurakudai (or Jurakutei) was a large residence built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Uchino, Kyoto (the site of the Outer Palace Precincts in Heiankyo, present-day Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• 旧二条駅舎は、1904年に京都鉄道が本社社屋を兼ねて建設した日本現存最古の木造2階建和風駅舎で、景観に配慮しながら平安神宮を模して造られた。
• The former Nijo Station building, built in 1904 by the Kyoto Railway Company to double as a headquarters building, is now the oldest 2-story, wooden, Japanese-style station building, and was modeled after Heian Jingu Shrine with harmony with the surrounding landscape in mind.

• 現在、平成20年初頭の完成を目指して、国際多目的ターミナル・和田埠頭（仮称）が建設中で、埠頭完成時には5万トン級のフルコンテナ船が就航できる。
• Wada Wharf, a multi-purpose international terminal (tentative name) is under construction with aims to be completed early 2008; the wharf, when completed, will enable full-scale container ships in the 50,000 ton class to berth.

• のみならず、自動車道や林道の建設により、歴史的な景観は失われ、各種の遺跡のみならず道それ自体も忘れ去られる危機にさらされるようになっていった。
• Besides, historical sceneries were lost by the constructions of motor roads and forestry roads, and the things about Kohechi was approaching a serious crisis as people forgot not only various relics along the road but also the road itself.

• 碓氷峠を越える鉄道建設ルートの検討では、25‰から100‰にも達する急勾配線、ループ線、スイッチバック、ケーブルカーなどが候補に挙がっていた。
• During the examination of the route of the railroad over Usui-toge Pass, there were various proposed ideas including steep line going through the spot from 25‰ to 100‰, loop line, switchback, and cable car.

• 例えば、東山に山荘を建設しようとして、その地にあった菅原氏の墓所を掘り返し、これに対して菅原在登が異議を唱えると、在登を殺害したほどであった。
• For example, Moroyasu destroyed the graveyard of the Sugawara clan to build a mountain villa on it, and even killed SUGAWARA no Arinori who had complained to Moroyasu about it.

• 大正時代に二十四世観世宗家に入門し、昭和初期に山本能楽堂（大阪市中央区）を建設するなど能楽の大阪での普及に貢献した先代の山本博之の後を継いだ。
• During the Taisho period (1912-1926), Masakazu became a disciple of the 24th generation hereditary head of the Kanze family, and he succeeded Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO who contributed to the diffusion of Noh drama in Osaka such as building the Yamamoto Noh Theatre (located in Chuo-ku, Osaka City) in the early Showa period (1926-1989).

• 家康が武田攻めのときに逗留するための仮館を長安が建設したが、このときに家康がその館を見て長安の作事の才能を見抜き、仕官を許したといわれている。
• Nagayasu built a temporarily mansion when Ieyasu was on his way to subjugate Takeda, then, Ieyasu saw his excellent home construction ability in it that and allowed Nagayasu to become his officer.

• 昭和21年（1946年）正月元旦、昭和天皇による「新日本建設に関する詔書」の際、戦後の大方針として「五箇条の御誓文」があらためて示されている。
• On January 1, 1946 when Emperor Showa issued 'the Imperial Edict on the Construction of New Japan,' he quoted anew 'the Charter Oath of Five Articles' as a principal post-War policy of Japan.

• 大宮御所（おおみやごしょ）とは、大正天皇崩御によって皇太后となった貞明皇后のために赤坂離宮の敷地内（現在の赤坂御用地）に建設された御殿のこと。
• Omiya Gosho was a residence built for Empress Teimei who became an empress dowager when Emperor Taisho had passed away on the premise of Akasaka Rikyu (The State Guest House) (present-day Akasaka Imperial property).

• 田辺は上川線（現函館本線の一部）の空知太（現滝川市）〜旭川市間を手始めに、のちの宗谷本線、根室本線の一部となる区間の調査と建設指揮にあたった。
• Tanabe conducted the investigation and directed the construction of the section between Sorachibuto (present day Takikawa City) and Asahikawa City in Kamikawa Line (a part of present-day Hakodate Main Line) in the beginning, and also other sections which later became parts of Soya Main Line and Nemuro Main Line.

• 京都市西京極総合運動公園野球場と並んで昭和戦後初期の京都府の主力球場として、建設翌年より大陽ロビンス戦を中心にプロ野球の公式戦でも使用された。
• The Kinugasa Stadium, as well as the Nishikyogoku Baseball Stadium, is a main stadium in Kyoto Prefecture in early postwar period after 1945, and the stadium was also used for official games of professional baseball teams such as Taiyo Robins from the year following its construction.

• 仏間に本尊阿弥陀如来立像を安置することから「本堂」とも呼ぶが、解体修理の際に発見された墨書等から、建設当時は「大書院」と称されたことがわかる。
• It is also called 'hondo' (main hall) since the principle image, the standing statue of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), is enshrined at the butsuma, but from bokusho (writing in India ink) and other articles found when repairing with dismantling, it is understood that it was called 'Oshoin' at the time of construction.

• 新王朝の建設を意識していた桓武天皇にとって、新たな鎮護国家の宗教として最澄の天台宗に注目・支援することで従前の南都仏教を牽制する意図もあった。
• Emperor Kanmu, who was considering the establishment of a new Imperial Court, paid attention to and supported Saicho, who led the Tendai sect, towards a new religion based on national protection and intentionally diverted the Nanto Buddhism temples as mentioned above.

• 1989年（平成元年）より、洪水調節機能の強化と新規利水を目指し国内最大級の放水路トンネルを建設する「天ヶ瀬ダム再開発計画」が進められていた。
• The 'Renewal Plan of Amagase Dam' had been underway since 1989 to strengthen the functions of flood control and to build the biggest tailrace tunnel in Japan for a greater utilization of its water.

• しかし「キリシタン王国」建設間近で島津義久に敗れ、晩年には豊臣秀吉の傘下の一大名に甘んじて豊後1国を維持するのがやっとというほどまでに衰退した。
• However, his power declined barely enough to maintain only Bungo Province as a daimyo led by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in his later years after being defeated by Yoshihisa SHIMAZU when the 'Christian Kingdom' was about to be built.

• 沖縄の復帰に伴う外国投資家に係る株式の所有の認可等に関する省令（昭和四十七年大蔵省、厚生省、農林省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、建設省令第二号）
• Ordinance on Approval, etc. of Ownership of Shares Pertaining to Foreign Investors in Line with the Reversion of Okinawa (Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Ministry of Construction No. 2 of 1972).

• 市街化調整区域内に存する鉱物資源、観光資源その他の資源の有効な利用上必要な建築物又は第一種特定工作物の建築又は建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings or Category 1 special structures necessary for effectively utilizing mineral resources, sightseeing resources and other resources that exist in urbanization control areas;

• 大規模病院こそ建設されなかったが、衛生所を中心とする医療体制によりマラリア、結核、ペストを減少させ、この医療体系は1980年代まで継承されていた。
• The public health system was dominated primarily by small local clinics rather than large hospitals, which policy was successful in decreasing malaria, plague, and tuberculosis and continued in Taiwan until the 1980s.

• 当初彼等は尊皇攘夷の下で、異国との交わりを忌み嫌い、天皇を中心とした国家の建設が不可欠だとして、幕府に対して、尊皇攘夷の履行を徹底すべきと考えた。
• In the beginning they adhered to the ideal of 'Sonno Joi ('Sonno'is the principle of revering the emperor, while 'Joi' stands for anti-foreigner sentiments)', opposed all interactions with foreigners, believed that it was imperative to establish a emperor-centered government, and believed that the government should implement this ideal.

• そして、マキノを退社した河合広始と田中十三が建設した京都・双ヶ丘の貸しスタジオ「日本キネマ撮影所」（双ヶ丘撮影所）を共同で使用し、製作を開始した。
• The association consisted of five separately established companies including Kan Pro and used the rentable 'Japan Cinema Studio' in Narabigaoka, Kyoto owned by Hiroshi KAWAI and Juzo TANAKA to start producing films.

• 江戸後期に重税により町は衰退に向かい、明治期には近隣に持ち上がった鉄道駅建設計画に反対したことから都市化を免れることができた（畝傍駅として開業）。
• In the late Edo period, the town started to decline due to the oppressive tax, and as it opposed the construction of a railway station proposed in its neighborhood in the Meiji period, it could avoid being urbanized (the station was opened as Unebi Station.)

• 明治16年（1883年）に「中山道鉄道公債証書条例」が交付され、高崎駅・大垣駅間の建設が始まったが、山岳地帯を通るために難所が多く工事は難航した。
• In 1883, despite having rough passage due to many dangerous spots, the construction of a line connecting Takasaki Station and Ohgaki Station began after the 'Ordinance of a public bond for the Nakasendo Railroad' was issued.

• 天武の遺志を継ぎ、日本初の本格的都城である藤原京の建設を進めたほか、飛鳥浄御原令の制定など、唐を参考にした律令の整備・国史編纂事業などを継続した。
• To abide by the last wishes of Emperor Tenmu, she embarked on the construction of Fujiwara-kyo, which was the first large-scale capital city in Japan, and continued with streamlining Ritsuryo Code as well as the compilation project of a national history, including the establishment of Asuka Kiyomihara Code with reference to Tang.

• 大通寺 (長浜市)別殿跡地に長浜の実業家・浅見又蔵が私財を投じて明治天皇行在所として建設したもので、明治20年（1887年）2月21日の朝に竣工。
• The house was built as Emperor Meiji's Anzaisho with the private money spent by Matazo ASAMI, a business man of Nagahama, at the remained site of the annex hall of Daitsu-ji Temple (Nagahama City), and it was completed on the morning of February 21, 1887.

• 元明天皇即位の翌年にあたる708年（慶雲5年）正月、武蔵国が銅を献上したのを機に「和銅」と改元され、翌2月には、貨幣の鋳造と都城の建設が開始された。
• In January 708 which was the year after the enthronement of the Empress Genmei, the name of the era was changed to 'Wado' (literally, 'Japanese copper') after the presentation of copper from Musashi Province and, in February next year, production of coins and construction of the capital commenced.

• これには、頻発した地震や反対勢力の抵抗などの原因が指摘されているが、わざわざ建設半ばの大仏までも捨ててしまうほどの、肝腎の主因はよく分かっていない。
• As its possible causes, earthquakes occurring frequently and resistance from the opposition power are pointed out, but the main cause that forced them to abandon even the Great Buddha under construction is not well known.

• 水枯れ期の田圃への取水についての村落同士の話し合いなどを発生起源とし、近年では土木・建設をはじめ多くの公共事業の分配方法の商慣習として万延していた。
• This method had originated from discussions between villages about water intake to rice fields during periods of drought, and has spread as a commercial custom as a method to distribute many public work projects including civil engineering and construction in these years.

• 日本全国でも9月に作品を供給できたのは松竹蒲田撮影所と帝国キネマ（帝キネ）だけの5本きり、松竹は蒲田から松竹京都撮影所へと移転すべく建設を開始した。
• Only five movies were supplied throughout Japan in September of that year, which were produced by Shochiku Kamata Studio of Shochiku Co., Ltd. and Imperial Cinema Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Tei-kine), and then Shochiku started construction of a new film studio in Kyoto to replace its film studio in Kamata.

• 近年の都市開発に際して借景とする山そのものの開発やビルなどの高層建築の建設による景観の変化などについて、借景の破壊という面で紛争が生じることがある。
• However in recent years, there are changes because of urban development and construction of skyscrapers in the mountains, which are borrowed landscapes, this has caused disputes in respect of destruction of the borrowed landscapes.

• 家康は江戸城本城の拡張は一定程度に留める代わりに城下町の建設を進め、神田山を削り、日比谷入江を盛んに埋め立てて町を広げ、家臣と町民の家屋敷を配置した。
• Ieyasu prioritized the construction of the surrounding castletown over the expansion of the main castle enclosure by levelling Mt. Kado and reclaiming the Hibiya inlet to expand the habitable areas and build residences for vassals and townspeople.

• その根底には、壮麗な都を建設することが、外国使節や蝦夷・隼人などの辺境民、そして地方豪族や民衆に対して天皇の徳を示すことに他ならずとする考えがあった。
• The basis for this decision was that construction of a grand capital would show emperor's virtue to foreign envoys, frontiersmen such as Ezo and Hayato, and local clans and people.

• 第一条　この法律は、東京都を新しく我が平和国家の首都として十分にその政治、経済、文化等についての機能を発揮し得るよう計画し、建設することを目的とする。
• Article 1: This law aims to plan and construct Tokyo Metropolis so as to develop fully the functions of politics, economy and culture of Tokyo as the capital of the peace state.

• タイノ原線の建設は、世界遺産登録へ向けての再調査・整備に先立つ1988年から1997年にかけてのことであったが、小辺路を知る識者からは批判が集まった。
• Tainohara Route was built in 1988 to 1997 before the re-investigations and the maintenances for the inscription of World Heritage site, and the intellects who knew Kohechi bitterly opposed the construction.

• 公共図書館が入った北近畿の都センター建設や福知山市が進める福知山駅北大規模街区による商業施設にコーナン福知山駅前店（店舗面積約9000平方㍍）がある。
• There are buildings to be constructed such as the Kita-kinki no miyako center with a public library and the store of Home Center Kohnan (Kohnan Shoji Co., Ltd) in front of Fukuchiyama Station (with a store area of 9,000 square meters) in a commercial construction zone at a large-scale block on the north side of Fukuchiyama Station, which is being developed by Fukuchiyama City.

• 戦争の激化と共にその大港都建設は神戸大本営構想と変わり「雌岡山に二重、三重の壕を掘り巡らして離宮を造営し陛下をお迎えする」という神戸遷都構想となった。
• As the war became intensified, the construction of such a large-scale port city began to change into the Kobe Imperial Headquarters plan, and was developed into the concept of transferring the capital to Kobe by 'digging twofold or threefold moats around Mt. Mekko-san, and building the Rikyu (Imperial Villa) to receive his Majesty.'

• これは当初奈良鉄道によって京都～奈良間が建設されたものの、関西鉄道に合併された後に大阪～名古屋ルートの一部として木津以南を分離された、との経緯による。
• This is because, initially, the Nara Line was built by Nara Railways between Kyoto Station and Nara Station, but Kizu Station and other stations south of Kizu Station were separated from the Nara Line in order to be part of a route between Osaka and Nagoya after Nara Railways was merged into Kansai Railways.

• これらの条項は辛亥革命以後も北洋政府・奉天軍閥などに継承されたが、満洲某重大事件後に奉天軍閥を継いだ張学良が同条約を否認して併行鉄道の建設を推進した。
• Although these protocols had remained in force even after the Xinhai Revolution, with the Beiyang government and the Mukden military clique in power, Chang Hsueh-liang, who succeeded in the Mukden military clique after 'the Manchuria incident' (assassination of Zhang Zuolin, the Manchurian warlord, by the Japanese Army), ignored the treaty obligations and promoted the construction of railroads parallel to the South Manchuria Railway.

• すなわち、建設中の資金利子（8%）を国が負担、開業後の収支収益の8%を国が保証、官有地の無代払い下げ、民有地の買い上げ払い下げ、用地の地租免除である。
• Those subsidies provided by the government consisted of the construction interest payment (8% annum), guaranteeing 8% income profit, free government-owned land concession, private land concession after the government purchase and the land tax exemption on the land owned by the railroad company.

• 後に西園寺は「余が建設せる立命館の名称と精神を継承せる貴学」と現在の立命館大学の事を述べており、彼の作った立命館が再興し、受け継がれている事を喜んだ。
• Later, Saionji made a statement about the current Ritsumeikan University as 'a school that inherits the spirit and the name of Ritsumeikan that I built,' and he was very happy that the Ritsumeikan he created was reconstructed and that its legacy could live on.

• 天武天皇以前には天皇が変わるごとに宮を代えていたが、恒久的な宮（藤原京）が建設されることになり、宮代わりがなくなったのでその意義を神宮の遷宮に託した。
• Each Emperor had a new Imperial Palace built for himself prior to Emperor Tenmu, but since a permanent capital (Fujiwara-kyo) was built, the values of the renewal of the capital were maintained through the Sengu of the Jingu.

• 1971年（昭和46年）、建設省（現・国土交通省近畿地方整備局）は「淀川水系工事実施基本計画」を策定し、伊勢湾台風出水以来の洪水流量の改訂を実施した。
• In 1971, the Construction Ministry (now Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Kinki Regional Development Bureau) devised the 'Yodo-gawa River System Construction Implementation Basic Plan,' and revised flood water estimates for the first time since the Isewan (Ise Bay) Typhoon.

• 1933年（昭和8年）には撮影所を拡張、さらに1935年（昭和10年）4月には太秦に新撮影所を建設、「嵐寛寿郎プロダクション太秦撮影所」として移転した。
• The film studio was expanded in 1933, then in April of 1935 a new studio was built in Uzumasa and turned into 'Arashi Kanjuro Productions' Uzumasa Studio.'

• （またヤマト王権に建設の記録が無い古代山城「神籠石（こうごいし）式山城」が北九州から瀬戸内沿岸に存在するが、神籠石式山城の大半も北九州に集中している）。
• (The construction of `Kogo-ishi yama-shiro mountain castle,' ancient mountain castles, were not recorded in the history books of the Yamato Kingship, and they were located from northern Kyushu through to the coastal regions of the Inland Sea lying between the islands of Honshu and Shikoku, and most of Kogo-ishi yama-shiro mountain castles were also concentrated in northern Kyushu).

• 更に、家康の帰依していた天台宗の僧天海が江戸城の鬼門にあたる上野忍岡を拝領、京都の鬼門封じである比叡山に倣って堂塔を建設し、1625年に寛永寺を開山した。
• Moreover, Ieyasu entrusted land in Ueno-Shinobugaoka which faced the kimon to the Tenda sect monk Tenkai, who erected a stupa in the likeness of Mt. Hiei which contains the demon's gate (kimon) and founded the Kanei-ji Temple in 1625.

• 現在の概念にあたる首都は1868年（明治元年）以来、主に「帝都」と称され、1950年（昭和25年）の「首都建設法」制定以降になって「首都」の語が普及した。
• The capital corresponding to the present concept of capital was established in 1868, since then it has been chiefly called 'the imperial capital,' and it was after the enactment of 'Law of Capital Construction' in 1950, that the term 'Capital' spread into general use.

• 大宝律令の施行は、660年代の百済復興戦争での敗戦以降、積み重ねられてきた古代国家建設事業が一つの到達点に至ったことを表す古代史上の画期的な事件であった。
• The enforcement of the Taiho Ritsuryo was an epoch-making event in the ancient history, which showed that a project of constructing an ancient nation which had been continued after the defeat in the war for the restoration of Baekje in the 660s, reached one of the goals.

• 頼錦は無能と言われているが、延享4年（1747年）奏者番に任じられ、藩政では目安箱を設置したり、天守に天文台を建設したりなど、それなりの手腕は見せている。
• Although Yorikane is said to have been incapable, he showed his competence: he was appointed as sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) in 1747 while in the domain, he set up the complaints box and built an astronomical observatory in tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle), etc..

• また、第2次内閣時代には政友会内部を掌握し、鉄道建設など地方利益の追求に熱心であった原との間に確執が生じており、総裁辞任のため「違勅」を利用したのである。
• He also used the charge of 'Violation of the Ordinance' as a pretext to resign from his position as the head because, during the era of the Second Cabinet, he had had a conflict with Hara, who took over the inside of the Seiyu-kai Party and who was eagerly seeking profit through railroad constructions in the countryside.

• 外資に関する法律の規定により日本銀行に取り扱わせる事務の範囲を定める省令（昭和四十二年大蔵省、厚生省、農林省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、建設省令第二号）
• Ordinance Specifying the Scope of Affairs to be Handled by the Bank of Japan Pursuant to the Provisions of the Act on Foreign Capital (Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Ministry of Construction No. 2 of 1967);

• これは、関西本線の前身に当たる私鉄の関西鉄道が土地を取得してホテルを建設し、京都の都ホテル（現・ウェスティン都ホテル京都）が運営に当たっていたためである。
• This was because a private railway (company) Kansai Railway Company, which was the predecessor of Kansai Main Line, purchased the area and built a hotel managed by Miyako Hotel in Kyoto (currently, The Westin Miyako Kyoto).

• 2002年に開催された2002 FIFAワールドカップの開催会場として建設される予定だったが、京都府が開催地から外れるなどしたため、計画自体が凍結された。
• The stadium was scheduled to be constructed as the venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which was cancelled because Kyoto Prefecture was not selected as a host city.

• 1912年に建設に着手、1915年には最初の木造の望楼「白雲楼」が、さらに増築を重ね1932年には現在見る本館である「霽景楼（せいけいろう）」が完成した。
• He began work on the construction in 1912, completed the wooden observation tower 'Haku-unro' (literally White Cloud Tower) in 1915, and expanded the building several more times to complete 'Seikeiro' (literally Clear Scenery Tower), the main hall today, in 1932.

• 平安京は、現在の京都府京都市中心部にあたる、山城国葛野郡・愛宕郡両郡にまたがる地に建設され、東西4.5km、南北5.2kmの長方形に区画された都城であった。
• Heian-kyo was the castle city laid out to be rectangular, of 4.5 km east-west by 2.2 km north-south, built straddling Kadono-no-koori and Otagi-no-koori counties of Yamashiro Province (currently center of Kyoto city, Kyoto Prefecture).

• このうち京都側の五条～三条間は京都市が京都市電用に取得した特許を利用して建設され、市から京阪が借り入れる形を取っていた（詳細は京阪60形電車の項目を参照）。
• For example, the section in the Kyoto area between Gojo Station and Sanjo Station was constructed using the special permission that Kyoto City had acquired to construct Kyoto City Trams under a borrowing arrangement in which Keihan rented the site from Kyoto City (for details, please see the section on Keihan Electric Railway Series 60).

• しかし、昭和天皇即位の礼が実施されるのに間に合わせる必要があった事、それに予算の問題もあって、とりあえず仮の駅として、現在地に地上でターミナル駅を建設した。
• However, a terminal station was provisionally constructed on the grounds of the present site because, in addition to budgetary constraints, there was also a need for the construction to be completed before the Enthronement Ceremony for Emperor Showa.

• 市町村が定める都市計画は、議会の議決を経て定められた当該市町村の建設に関する基本構想に即し、かつ、都道府県が定めた都市計画に適合したものでなければならない。
• City plans stipulated by municipalities shall be based on the municipalities' basic plans for construction, and they must comply with city plans stipulated by the Prefectures.

• そのため、国家建設の基盤となった律令制も、中国から移入されたものであり、日本独自の改変も多々あるが、基本的には中国の制度を日本で再現しようとする試みであった。
• For this reason, the Ritsuryo system, on which the construction of the state was based, was introduced from China basically to attempt to reproduce the Chinese system in Japan, although Japan added a lot its own original amendments.

• 7世紀末に建設された藤原京では、大極殿などの宮殿は瓦葺きで建てられていることが考古学的に確認されていることから、初めて寺院以外で瓦が使用されたとみられている。
• It has been archaeologically proved that the roofs of the palaces such as Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) were covered with Kawara tiles in the Fujiwara Capital, which was constructed at the end of the 7th century, therefore it is believed that Kawara was first used for the buildings other than temples at that time.

• そこで京都府などでは新たな専用埠頭を建設し、5万トン級のフルコンテナ船が就航できる多目的国際埠頭として2010年（平成22年）の供給を目指し整備を行っている。
• In order to meet the supply in 2010, Kyoto Prefecture is constructing and developing a dedicated wharf to work as a multipurpose international wharf responding to 50,000 ton-class full-container vessels.

• その後、仮設置の予定であった駅設備は移設される事もなく、東海道新幹線の建設に合わせて駅を高架化し、現在のように新幹線駅の真下にホームが設けられる構造となった。
• Since then, the station facility, which was supposed to be provisional, has not been moved; and when the construction of Tokaido Shinkansen started, the station was elevated in order to have a similar structure to that of the present station building, which permitted the platforms to be placed just beneath the Shinkansen station.

• 642年1月、皇極天皇は夫である舒明天皇の崩御（死）により即位し、同年9月19日、大臣である蘇我蝦夷（そがのえみし）へ新宮殿を12月までに建設するよう命じた。
• In February 642, Empress Kogyoku ascended the throne succeeding her husband, Emperor Jomei who had died and on October 20, in the same year, she ordered Oomi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty) SOGA no Emishi to construct a new Palace by December.

• しかし、横大路では新スタジアムの建設は困難であるとの判断となり、現実問題として京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場の改修を目指す方向で検討が進んでいる。
• But they eventually concluded that it was difficult to build a new stadium in Yokooji and the more realistic idea of renovating Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium is now being studied.

• しかし、大化年間ころから国際環境の緊張を背景とした蝦夷開拓が図られ、大化3年（647年）の渟足柵設置を皮切りに現在の新潟県・宮城県以北に城柵が次々と建設された。
• However, from around the Taika era, the development of the Ezo area began in a strained international context, starting with the installation of the Nutari stockades in 647, and followed by the continued construction of stockades in and northward of modern day Niigata and Miyagi prefectures.

• 吉宗を将軍に指名した天英院には年間1万2千両という格別な報酬を与え、さらに敵対した月光院にも居所として吹上御殿を建設し、年間1万両にも及ぶ報酬を与えるなどした。
• Yoshimune offered Tenei-in, who nominated him as shogun, a considerable annual recompense of 12,000 ryo, and also offered Gekkoin, who had been hostile to him, an annual recompense of 10,000 ryo and built Fukiage Palace for her.

• 外国投資家が株式又は持分を取得する場合のうち資産の運用にあたるものを定める省令（昭和四十二年大蔵省、厚生省、農林省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、建設省令第一号）
• Ordinance Specifying the Cases of Acquisition of Shares or Equity by Foreign Investors that Are Deemed to be Investment Activities (Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Ministry of Construction No. 1 of 1967);

• W杯の開催地に立候補した京都府は、城陽市の木津川 (京都府)右岸地域に、4万人程度が収容できる国際試合規格のサッカー専用スタジアムを建設することを計画していた。
• Bidding to host the World Cup, the Kyoto Prefecture planned to build a soccer-specific stadium which met the standard for the international games and could accommodate about 40,000 people on the right bank of the Kizu-gawa River in Joyo City (Kyoto Prefecture).

• しかし、行基のように禁令にそむいて民間への布教をおこない、弾圧されたものの灌漑設備や布施屋の設置、道路建設などの社会事業に尽力し、民衆の支持を集める僧侶もあった。
• On the other hand, there were monks such as Gyoki who violated these restrictions and preached to the general public, and, although he was suppressed, he was also supported by general public for his efforts in social work such as provision of irrigation systems and fuseya (aid station or rest house) as well as road construction.

• 当時、鉄道敷設法によって鉄道建設は鉄道公債の発行によって全て賄うこととされており、この提案は新規どころか既存の鉄道工事も全て停止すると言っているのにも等しかった。
• Since railway construction was specified to be covered by issuance of the railway bonds in the Railway Construction Act at that time, this proposal virtually meant that not only new but also existing railway works should be all suspended.

• 平安遷都以前からの道とする説や鳥羽天皇が鳥羽殿が造営した際に築かれたとする説もあるが、平安京建設時に淀川から物資を運搬するために作られた道であると考えられている。
• It had been suggested that the road had existed prior to the transfer of national capital to the city of Heian-kyo, or that it had been constructed by Emperor Toba when Toba-dono Palace was built, but it was regarded as the road which had been constructed in order to transport supplies from the Yodo-gawa River when the Heian-kyo capital was being built.

• なおその後、京都市をホームタウンとする京都サンガF.C.の新たなホームスタジアムとして、京都市が横大路運動公園内に、球技専用のスタジアムを建設する構想を発表した。
• After that, Kyoto City unveiled its plan to build a ball game stadium at Yokooji Sports Park to use as a new home stadium of the Kyoto Sanga F.C. based in Kyoto City.

• 1986年（昭和61年）農林水産省の山村振興対策事業を導入し「三瓶製めん類加工生産組合」に組織改編して拠点となる加工場を建設、蕎麦産業の中心的役割を果たしている。
• In 1986, with implementation of a rural development project designed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kuichi Soba no Kai was reorganized as the Sanbe Noodle Manufacturing Association with the newly constructed processing plant as it business base and, thus, that association is playing a key role in the buckwheat industry of the area.

• また、平安京遷都後に明法生の講義と宿舎の場として中央の堂（校舎）と東西に分かれた直曹（寄宿舎）からなる明法道院（みょうほうどういん）が大学寮の一番南側に建設された。
• Also after the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo, Myohodoin, a facility for the Myoho students to take lectures and boards was constructed including the central school building and east/west dormitories on the southernmost side of Daigakuryo.

• 聖たちは、山林修行や諸国遊行を主としながらも造寺・造塔、写経、供養、鋳鐘、架橋や道路・港湾建設の勧進などの多彩な活動を通じて、民衆からの尊崇と支持を獲得していった。
• While the hijiri mainly underwent training in mountain forest, or wandered among various provinces, they obtained respect and support from common people, through various activities including building temples, pagodas, copying of a sutra, kuyo (a memorial service for the dead), casting bells, promoting the building of bridges, roads, and harbors.

• 百川の子で桓武天皇の義弟（姉の藤原旅子は天皇の女御）でもあった藤原緒嗣もわずか29歳で参議に昇進すると、長岡京の後に建設された平安京造宮と蝦夷征伐の中止を進言した。
• FUJIWARA no Otsugu, son of Momokawa and younger brother of FUJIWARA no Tabiko (nyogo [a consort of an emperor]) of Emperor Kanmu), took charge of building Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) and proposed to suspend punitive expedition to Ezo after he was promoted to sangi at the age of 29.

• 近年では、旧丹波国にも工業団地が造成され、畿内（大阪市）から丹後（舞鶴市）を経て北陸（敦賀市）を結ぶ舞鶴若狭自動車道が建設されるなど、南北格差の是正が図られている。
• In recent years, the disparity between the northen and southern areas has been corrected gradually, for examples, through the construction of industrial parks in the former Tanba Province area and that of Maizuru Wakasa Expressway, which connects the Hokuriku region (Tsuruga City) to the Kinai region (Osaka) via Tango (Maizuru City).

• しかし、この頃は版籍奉還～廃藩置県に伴い、政府が約2400万両（現在の価値でおよそ5600億円）もの各藩負債を肩代わりすることになったため、建設予算が下りなかった。
• However, the budget was not allowed for the construction since at the time the government needed to assume all domains' debt, which amounted about 24 million ryo (about 560 billion yen in the present value), in accordance with the return of lands and people to the emperor and Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures).

• この法律の規定は、独立行政法人鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構及び独立行政法人日本高速道路保有・債務返済機構が行う第三種鉄道事業に該当する業務については、適用しない。
• The provisions of this Act shall not apply to the business activities that fall under the Type III Railway Business conducted by Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency or Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency.

• そういう点で『竈門山旧記』を根拠として、竈門神社が大宰府の鬼門を護るために大宰府建設時に創建されたという記述から、大宰府が風水に則って作られたとする説は問題が多い。
• In this sense, one must doubt the theory expressed in 'Kamadoyama Kyuki histroy book' that Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine was made based on feng shui according to the description that Kamado-jinja Shrine was made to protect Kimon of Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine at the time of its construction.

• この計画に基づいて瀬田川洗堰改築・天ヶ瀬ダム（淀川）、高山ダム（計画当時は月ヶ瀬ダム) (名張川）、室生ダム（計画当時は宇陀川ダム) (宇陀川）が計画・建設された。
• Based on this plan, the Setagawa-araizeki Barrage was upgraded, and Amagase Dam over the Yodo-gawa River, Takayama Dam (initially Tsukigase Dam) over the Nabari-gawa River, and Muro Dam (initially Udagawa Dam) over the Uda-gawa River were built.

• 昭和50年（1975年）から53年（1978年）まで京都市営地下鉄烏丸線建設に先立つ烏丸通の発掘調査が行われ、この信長の二条城の石垣および二重の堀の跡が確認された。
• From 1975 to 1978 an excavation of Karasuma-dori Street was carried out prior to the construction of Kyoto Municipal Subway's Karasuma Line, and remnants of the stone walls and double moats of Nobunaga's Nijo-jo Castle were confirmed.

• 宴会ブームの崩壊で、都心に近い観光地の高級旅館、ホテルは経営が苦しくなっているといわれ、ブームの最中に建設された施設の中には倒産や閉店に追い込まれた施設も出ている。
• The demise of the 'banquet boom' is said to be hurting the business of high-end ryokan and hotels in resorts close to the metropolitan area, and some of those facilities constructed during the boom have been forced to close or to go out of business.

• 鉄道部はその後も鉄道整備を推進し淡水線 (台湾鉄路管理局)、宜蘭線、屏東線、東港線などを建設すると共に、私鉄路線であった台東南線（現台東線の一部）、平渓線を買収した。
• The Railway Ministry continued to develop the railway system, constructing the Tnasui Line (Taiwan Railroad Administration), Giran Line, Heito Line, and Toko Line as well as purchasing the Taitong Southern Line (currently a part of Taitong Line) and Ping Hsi Line.

• 官庁集中計画（かんちょうしゅうちゅうけいかく）は明治時代の首都計画で、議事堂や官庁などを霞が関付近に集中し、パリやベルリンに並ぶ華麗なバロック都市を建設しようとした。
• The government offices centralizing plan was the city plan of the capital of Tokyo which was organized in the Meiji period; it planned to build a splendid baroque city which would be equivalent to Paris or Berlin by centralizing official buildings such as the Congress Hall and government offices around Kasumigaseki area in Tokyo.

• 戦争になると台湾の豊富な食料物資が内地への供給に貢献したほか、高雄市には飛行基地が建設され、徴兵制度が敷かれるなど、日本人と同様に台湾人も兵士や労働力として活躍した。
• Once the war broke out, the rich food resources in Taiwan became a useful source of supply to Japan and an air base was constructed in Kaohsiung and, with the draft system enforced in Taiwan, Taiwanese were also employed as labor force or soldiers like Japanese.

• 建設当時は京阪本線沿線も含めて周囲が大日本帝国陸軍の演習地となっており、陸軍から架橋訓練の支障となる橋脚を宇治川に作ることを咎められ無橋脚橋梁を架橋することとなった。
• At the time of construction, because the project site (including the area along the Keihan Main Line) was a training ground for the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Army censured the construction of a bridge over the Uji-gawa River, objecting that the bridge would be an obstacle for the Army's training in bridge construction, it was decided to construct a non-pillar truss bridge.

• 施行予定者が定められている都市計画施設の区域等内における土地の形質の変更又は建築物の建築その他工作物の建設については、第五十二条の二第一項及び第二項の規定を準用する。
• The provisions of Article 52-2 paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the alteration of the shape and quality of land, building of buildings and construction of other structures in areas, etc. of city planning facilities for which scheduled project executors are designed.

• 1957年には東京・大泉撮影所の隣に動画専用スタジオを建設し、前年に東映動画（とうえいどうが、現・東映アニメーション）と改めた旧日動映画（旧日本動画映画）を移転させた。
• In 1957, Toei set up a studio for animated film next to Oizumi studio, Tokyo and had the former Nichido Eiga (previously Nihon Doga Eiga), whose name had changed to Toei Doga (now called Toei Animation) in the previous year, vacate the premises.

• 例えば、長岡京の建設責任者であった藤原種継が暗殺されたことや、奈良寺院の影響から脱するためであったや、天武天皇系の都を脱して天智天皇系の都を造るという意図説などである。
• These theories include the assassination of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu who was responsible for the construction of Nagaoka-kyo, the intention to escape the influence of temples of Nara, and the desire to escape the capital of Emperor Tenmu and create a capital for Emperor Tenji.

• しかし、北海道開拓は遅々として進まないことから内務卿の伊藤博文は囚人を安価で使える労働者とみたて囚人に開拓にあたらせることを発案し、監獄を北海道に建設する方針を固める。
• However, as reclamation of Hokkaido was progressing so slowly, Hirobumi ITO, Secretary of Interior, proposed to use prisoners as labors at a low cost for the reclamation, and determined the policy for constructing prisons in Hokkaido.

• だが、明治政府の立憲国家建設に真っ向から反対して天皇親政を唱える元田に対する明治天皇の信任は増すばかりであり、伊藤らは政府の方針と天皇の意向の乖離に苦慮することになる。
• However, with the deepening of the Meiji Emperor's trust for Motoda who insisted on direct rule by the Emperor and raised frontal objection to the Meiji government's plan to establish a constitutional state, Ito struggled with the dissociation between the government's policy and the Emperor's intention.

• 前述した鉄道敷設が決定した時も、イギリス人のカンフェルなどといった駐日資本家からは、「経営権をこちらが持つ代わりに資本と建設を提供する」という提案が政府に出されていた。
• Also when the railway construction mentioned above was decided, some capitalists residing in Japan, such as a British capitalist Canfer, had proposed the government 'they would provide funds and construction in exchange for the management right.'

• 順調にスタートした鉄道であったが、明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争後の政府の財政難の元で、新規建設は東海道本線（明治22年（1889年）全通）等を除いて殆ど停止した。
• Despite being off to a good start, due to budget constraints from the Seinan War, all new railway construction was halted with the exception of the Tokaido main line (entire line opened in 1889) and a few others.

• 成立後総督府は台湾での鉄道建設を積極的に推進し、1908年には台湾南北を縦貫する西部幹線を完成させるなど、それまで数日を必要とした移動を1日で移動できる空間革命となった。
• Since the establishment, the Sotoku-fu actively promoted railway construction in Taiwan, and completed the western line in 1908, which, linking the north and west, reduced the travel time from several days to a single day.

• 1919年、台湾総督明石元二郎は各公営・民営発電所による台湾電力株式会社を設立、より大規模な水力発電所の計画を立案し、当時アジア最大の発電所建設のための調査が着手された。
• In 1919, Motojiro AKASHI, then Governor-General of Taiwan, established the Taiwan Power Plant Company by consolidating public and private power plants, planned the construction of larger scale hydraulic power plants and started the research for the construction of Asia's largest power plant.

• 1921年（大正10年）6月、牧野省三が再度日活から独立、等持院撮影所を建設し、牧野教育映画製作所を設立、さらには1923年（大正12年）の同社のマキノ映画製作所を設立。
• In June 1921, Shozo MAKINO again broke away from Nikkatsu Corporation and went independent, establishing both the Tojiin Studio and the Makino Kyoiku Eiga Seisakujo film studio and then combining those two studios into the Makino Eiga Seisakujo film studio, which he founded in 1923.

• しかし、豊臣秀吉の命令を拒否したため、寺領300石に減封され、、さらに伏見城築城のために境内地に新たに道路を建設され、山の破壊、諸堂移転、氷室池を埋め立てられるに至った。
• However, since it rejected the order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, its Jiryo (temple estate) was diminished to 300 goku (crop yields) and furthermore, the mountain was destroyed, some buildings were moved and Himuro-ike Pond was reclaimed in order to built a new road inside of its precincts for the erection of Fushimi-jo Castle.

• 扇形庫は、1914年に建設された鉄筋コンクリート製のもので、2004年12月10日に5t電動天井クレーン（1915年完成）、引き込み線とともに国の重要文化財に指定された。
• The semicircular garage of reinforced concrete construction (built in 1914) was designated as an Important Cultural Property by the Japanese Government on December 10, 2004, along with its 5-ton electric ceiling crane (completed in 1915) and access rails.

• エドモンド・モレルなどお雇い外国人が予算や輸送需要を考えれば、狭軌を採用して鉄道を早期に建設すべきと主張して、それら外国人の説得に押されてしまったことに拠るという説もある。
• Some say that employed foreigners such as Edmund Morel insisted to adopt narrow gauge in order to construct the railway quickly in consideration of the budget and transportation demand and that he was persuaded by them.

• 多目的ダム建設を骨子とした「河川改訂改修計画」は1949年（昭和24年）に発表されたが、淀川水系においても1954年（昭和29年）より「淀川水系改訂基本計画」が策定された。
• The 'Revised River Improvement Plan' including the building of multipurpose damswas published in 1949, and for Yodo-gawa River system, the 'Revised Basic Plan for Improvement of Yodo-gawa River System' was fixed in 1954.

• その後増加する電力需要に対応するため、1935年に日月潭第二発電所、1941年には万大発電所の建設が開始されたが、太平洋戦争中のアメリカ軍の空襲にで被害を受け工事が中断した。
• In order to meet the increasing demand for power, construction of the Second Power Plant in Sun Moon Lake and the Wanda Power Plant started in 1935 and 1941, respectively, but construction was suspended while being bombed and damaged by the US air force during the Pacific War.

• 京成電鉄が提供した千葉県千葉郡津田沼町谷津海岸（現在の習志野市谷津）の塩田地帯の約5万平方メートルの土地（のちの谷津遊園）に「阪東妻三郎プロダクション関東撮影所」を建設した。
• Using a location provided by Keisei Dentetsu (formally known as Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd.), Bando built 'Bando Tsumasaburo Productions' Kanto Studio' on the approximately five million-square-foot salt fields (later Yatsu-yuen amusement park) on the Yatsu Kaigan seacoast, Tsudanuma Town, Chiba County, Chiba Prefecture (present-day Yatsu, Narashino City).

• 平安京を建設した桓武天皇には、多数の妻妾と多数の皇子女があったが、なかでも皇位継承についてもっとも有利な立場にあるとみなされていたのは、安殿、神野、大伴の3人の皇子であった。
• Emperor Kanmu, who established Heian-kyo, had many wives, concubines, and princes, and princesses, but the three princes that were thought to be in an advantageous position for Imperial succession were Ate, Kamino, and Otomo.

• 実際の建設に際しては、土木工事は築城経験のある日本の技術が生かされたが、現在の多摩川にかかる六郷川橋梁だけはイギリス人の指導の下に木造で架橋された（明治10年に鉄橋に交換）。
• For actual construction, technology for castle construction was utilized, although only a wooden bridge over the present-day Tamagawa River was built under the supervision of an Englishman (which was replaced with an iron bridge in the 10th year of the Meiji Era).

• 都市計画区域について定められる都市計画は、当該都市の住民が健康で文化的な都市生活を享受することができるように、住宅の建設及び居住環境の整備に関する計画を定めなければならない。
• City plans stipulated for city planning areas must stipulate plans for the construction of housing and the development of residential environments so that the inhabitants of said cities may enjoy healthy, cultural urban lifestyles.

• 1997年（平成9年）4月 - 関西文化学術研究都市建設促進法に基づく基本方針改訂（内閣総理大臣決定）（勤労体験プラザ（仮称）の整備推進と情報提供施設としての位置付けが明記）
• April 1997: basic policy revised by Prime Minister under Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Law - promotion of building Work Experience Plaza (tentative) and its role as information center clearly stated

• 第1疏水（大津～鴨川合流点間）と疏水分線の建設には総額125万円の費用を要し、その財源には産業基立金、京都府、国費、地方債や寄付などのほか、市民に対しての目的税も充てられた。
• The construction of First Canal (connecting Otsu and the confluence point of the Kamo-gawa River) and Sosuibunsen cost \1.25 million in total, which was financed by communal industrial funds, prefectural expenditures, national bonds, municipal bonds, donations, and special taxes on the citizens of Kyoto City.

• 自由民権運動の高まりの中で、主水は明治15年（1882年）6月、諏訪伊助、辰野宗治と連名で会津帝政党を設立、当時福島県令の三島通庸の三方道路建設に寄与、清水屋旅館事件に関わる。
• Amid the growing expansion of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right), Mondo founded Aizu Teisei Party (Aizu Imperialism Party) in the joint name with Isuke SUWA and Soji TATSUNO in June 1882, and contributed to the construction of Sanho Road by Michitsune MISHIMA, Fukushima Kenrei (prefectural governor) at the time, and got involved in the Shimizuya Ryokan Affair.

• 中世においては、橋や道路の修理・整備から官寺（鐘や仏像、写経をふくむ）の建設や修造など、本来は朝廷（国家）や国衙（地方行政機関）がおこなうべき公共事業も、勧進によってなされた。
• In the middle ages, kanjin was a source of funds for public works ranging from the construction and maintenance of bridges and roads to the building and repair of kanji (state-sponsored temples) (including temple bells, Buddhist statues and handwritten sutra), although the Chotei (Imperial Court) or kokuga (provincial government) should have done so.

• 南禅寺境内にある水路閣はテレビドラマの撮影に使われるなど京都の風景として定着しているが、建設当時は古都の景観を破壊するとして反対の声もあがった（福澤諭吉も反対していたという）。
• There was opposition against building Suirokaku in the precinct of Nanzen-ji Temple as some feared it would be a threat to the beauty of the ancient capital (Yukichi FUKUZAWA was said to be against it), but Suirokaku is now famous as a typical scenic spot in Kyoto as it often appears in TV drama scenes.

• しかし、改税約書違反の悪質な金貨を鋳造していた事実が明らかとなったために諸外国からの抗議を受け、明治政府が太政官札への全面切り替えと造幣局 (日本)建設を決めたために廃止された。
• However, because the fact that kin-za was casting inferior gold coins in violation of kaizei-yakusho (revised agreement on trade attached to the Ansei Five-Power Treaties) was revealed, it met with protests by many foreign countries and kin-za was abolished because the Meiji Government decided full switchover to dajokansatsu (government note) and construction of the mint bureau.

• 1943年正月、野田は雌岡山（後の西区 (神戸市)神出町）の頂に立ち、農家が点在するだけの処女地に満州で見た新京の町づくりをダブらせ、港の後背地として理想的な新都市建設を夢見る。
• On the New Year's Holidays of 1943, when Noda stood on the top of Mt. Mekko-san (later Kande-cho, Nishi Ward [Kobe City]) and looked around, the virgin land only dotted with farmer's houses appeared to him to overlap the construction of the town of Shinkyo (Xingjing) he had seen in Manchuria, and so he dreamed the construction of the ideal new city as the region lying inland from the port.

• 先月23日より伊奈忠政・福島忠勝・毛利秀就・角倉素庵に命じて建設していた淀川の流れを尼崎市に流す長柄橋がこの日竣工し、大和川がある為干上がる事はなかったが川の深さは膝下まで下がる。
• On the same day Nagara Bridge, which Ieyasu orderd Tadamasa INA/, Tadakatsu FUKUSHIMA/Hidenari MORI/Soan SUMIKURA to build in order to switch the flow of Yodo River to Amagasaki City, was completed: although Yodo River did not dry up because of Yamato River, it went down below knee deep.

• 南山麓から本丸へ続く大手道、通路に接して築造された伝豊臣秀吉邸や伝前田利家邸、天皇行幸を目的に建設したとみられる内裏の清涼殿を模った本丸御殿などの当時の状況が明らかとなりつつある。
• Excavation of the Ote michi-road connecting the southern foot of Mt. Azuchi and Honmaru (the keep of a castle), the resident attributed to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and that attributed to Toshiie MAEDA, both of which were adjacent to pathway, as well as the Hon-maru Palace modeled after Seiryo-den (an imperial summer palace) in the Imperial Palace which were constructed for the Imperial visit, is disclosing the castle's appearance in those days.

• このような社会風潮を受け明治28年（1895年）、京都在住の有識者により各種武道・武術を統括する団体として大日本武徳会が設立され、京都の平安神宮境内に建設された武徳殿を本部とした。
• This social trend led to the 1895 founding of Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, an organization managing various martial arts, by key figures living in Kyoto, and was headquartered in the Butokuden constructed in the precincts of Heian-jingu Shrine in Kyoto.

• 研究所は、会館の建設は研究所の事業として行われ、行政当局からの補助金も研究所が受給したことなど、会館完成までの一連の事業を研究所が主導した事実を挙げて研究所が管理権を持つと主張した。
• The Institute of Buraku Problem showed the facts that a series of operations were led by the Institute until the Hall was complete, the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall construction was performed as the Institute's project, and the Institute received a subsidy from the government and so on, claiming a custodial right for the Institute of Buraku Problem.

• 当初の構想である東北地方を横貫して阿武隈川から猪苗代湖にいたり阿賀野川に抜ける大運河構想を破棄し鉄道建設に取って代わらせ、疎水方式による通航が出来ない通水のみの機能に絞って実現した。
• Although according to the original plan it should have crossed the Tohoku region from the Abukuma-gawa River through Lake Inawashiro to the Agano-gawa River, he canceled that gigantic-scale canal plan and adopted the construction of a railroad instead, and in the end he realized the plan by giving up shipping passengers and goods in a canal system but limiting its function only to running the water.

• ここでも後藤は中村是公や岡松参太郎ら台湾時代の人材を多く起用するとともに30代、40代の若手の優秀な人材を招聘し、満鉄のインフラ整備、衛生施設の拡充、大連などの都市の建設に当たった。
• He recruited such talented people fromwhen he served in Taiwan, such as Yoshikoto NAKAMURA and Santaro OKAMATSU, and also many capable young people in their thirties and fourties to develop the infrastructure of the Manchurian Railways, expand hygienic facilities, and construct cities in Manchuria including Dalian City.

• 行宮（あんぐう（かりみや））とは、皇帝もしくは天皇の、行幸時あるいは、政変などの理由で御所を失陥しているなどといった場合、一時的な宮殿として建設あるいは使用された施設の事を言われる。
• Angu (also called karimiya) refers to facilities built or used as a temporary palace in situations such as when an emperor pays a visit somewhere, or the imperial palace falls because of a political change and so on.

• 1940年（昭和15年）4月：三井高陽氏が日本イタリア京都会館の前身である京都日伊協会に対して会館建設用地として京都市左京区吉田牛の宮町4（現日本イタリア京都会館所在地）の土地を寄付
• April 1940: Takaharu MITSUI donated to the Kyoto Japan-Italy Association, the predecessor of Nihon-Itaria Kyoto-kaikan, land located at 4, Yoshidaushinomiya-machi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City (location of current Nihon-Itaria Kyoto- Kaikan) as the building site for Nihon-Itaria Kyoto-Kaikan.

• 堤防建設や浚渫では限界が出てきており、宅地化の進行でこれ以上の河川改修は補償の観点から難しく、抜本的な治水対策が叫ばれる一方で関西圏地域の人口急増に伴い水需要も引き続き急増していた。
• Building barrages and dredging the river bed had only a limited effect, and it was almost impossible to improve the river further because of compensation issues, while there were growing calls for fundamental flood control measures, and demand for water was rapidly increasing due to the rapid growth of the population in the Kansai region.

• また、水力発電は当初の計画には無かったが、田邉らがアメリカで視察したアイデアを取り入れ、日本初の営業用水力発電所となる蹴上発電所を建設し、1891年（明治24年）に運転が開始された。
• Although hydroelectric power generation was not included in the initial plan, utilizing the ideas Tanabe and other engineers picked up during their study tour in the US, they built Japan's first hydroelectric power station, Keage Power Plant, and it started its operation in 1891.

• 山上伊豆母によれば、天平感宝元年（749年）に宇佐八幡宮から祢宜の外従五位下・大神社女と主神司従八位下・大神田麻呂が建設中の東大寺盧舎那仏像を支援すると言う神託を奉じて平城京を訪れた。
• According to Izumo YAMAKAMI, a priestess Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade] given to persons outside Kyoto) OGA no Morime and Juhachiinoge (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade) Kantsukasa no Tsukasa (chief priest) OGA no Tamaro visited Heijo-kyo (the capital of the Nara period) from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine in 749 to dedicate the oracle which says the god would help the completion of the statue of Birushana Buddha in Toda-ji Temple.

• だが一方で自分の信念に忠実な余り過激な振る舞いに出ることがあり、明治14年の政変の際には井上が勝手に岩倉具視に対してドイツ式の国家建設を説いてこれを政府の方針として決定させようとした。
• However, Inoue was so true to his belief that he sometimes took a radical approach, for example, in the Political Change of 1881, he took the liberty to insist the construction of a German-style nation to Tomomi IWAKURA and tried to push it through as the government's policy.

• 都城とは広義には城壁で囲まれた都市全般を指すが（→城郭都市）、狭義には「条坊制」に則って設計・建設された首都あるいは副都（陪都）で、「羅城」と呼ばれる城壁で市域を囲郭されたものをいう。
• In a broad sense, Tojo refers to city at large surrounded by walls (walled city) and, in a more limited sense, it refers to a capital or secondary capital city (Baito) designed and constructed in conformity with 'jobosei' (street plan of ancient capital) whose city area was surrounded by walls called 'Rajo'.

• 明治になってからアメリカ側はこの免許を根拠に建設要請を行ったが、明治政府は「この書面の幕府側の署名は、京都の新政府発足後のもので外交的権限を有しないもの」である旨をもって却下している。
• At the start of the Meiji Period, America requested the construction based on the license, but the Meiji Government declined the request on the grounds that the license was signed by Bakufu after the new government in Kyoto went into effect and it lacked a diplomatic authority.

• 開発許可を受けた開発区域内の土地においては、前条第三項の公告があるまでの間は、建築物を建築し、又は特定工作物を建設してはならない。ただし、次の各号の一に該当するときは、この限りでない。
• No buildings or special structures shall be constructed on land in the development area for which development permission has been granted until the time when the public notice provided by paragraph (3) of the preceding Article is given. However, this shall not apply to cases falling under any of following items:

• これは的屋特有のものではなく、大工、鳶、土方（つちかた）などの建設業団体や河岸、沖仲仕、舟方（ふなかた）などの港湾労働団体や籠屋、渡し、馬方（うまかた）などの運輸荷役団体と同じである。
• This was not unique to tekiya, with construction associations made up of carpenters, scaffolders, and tsuchikata (also known as doteninsoku, these were groups of civil engineers involved in land reclamation and levee protection projects in the Edo Period), longshoreman associations consisting of river bank and dock workers, ferrymen and so on, and transport associations consisting of messengers, palanquin bearers and packhorse drivers, and so on, all formed along similar lines.

• これは、高校年代の生徒が勉学は立命館宇治高校で、サッカーの練習はサンガタウン城陽の育成組織専用の人工芝グラウンド（照明完備)で行い、京都サンガF.C.が建設した寮で生活するというもの。
• According to the plan, students of the senior high school generation study at Ritsumeikan Uji High School, practice football on the artificial grass ground (lighting fully-equipped) dedicated to the nurturing organization in Sanga Town Joyo, and live in a dormitory built by Kyoto Sanga F.C.

• その石碑には、「行基に連なる大工集団が千歯扱きを考案した、その大工集団は幕末まで京都御所の御用大工となった、高度な大工技術を駆使して高石地区の住宅建設を請け負っていた」と刻まれている。
• The inscription of the monument reads 'a group of carpenters related to Gyoki designed a threshing machine, the group became official carpenters for Kyoto Imperial Palace until the end of the Edo era, and commissioned residential construction in Takaishi District making full use of their carpentry skills.'

• 明治日本の諸改革や鹿鳴館建設、西欧風俗（衣服・食事・暦他）受容は、こうした国際法の変容を敏感に察知した上で為されたもので、国際法適用を受け、西欧諸国に肩を並べるための努力だったのである。
• Reforms, construction of Rokumeikan (Pavilion of the Deer's Cry) and adoption of western cultures (clothes, food, solar calendar and so on) in Japan during the Meiji period were conducted under the change of international law as mentioned above, those were efforts to stand on an equal footing with Western countries and to be protected by international law.

• 美濃国の斎藤龍興との戦いのなかで、墨俣一夜城建設に功績を上げた話が有名だが、『武功夜話』などを典拠とするこのエピソードは当時の史料に関係する記述がなく江戸時代の創作であるとする説が強い。
• There is a famous episode that he achieved to construct Sunomata Castle in one night in the middle of the battle with Tatsuoki SAITO of Mino province; this episode was described in 'Buko-yawa' and others, but there is no description of historical data in the document, so it is considered to be a fiction in Edo Period.

• 撮影部は1930年（昭和5年）にマキノ・プロダクションを大道具の河合広始とともに退社、太秦の双ヶ丘に撮影所を建設し「日本キネマ撮影所」を設立した田中十三とその一派の岸雅夫が主力となった。
• Key members of the filming department were Masao KISHI and his colleague Juzo TANAKA, who resigned from Makino Productions in 1930 along with the stage carpenter Hiroshi KAWAI and established 'Nihon Kinema Studio' at Uzumasa Narabigaoka.

• 山荘の建物や内装は建設当時のクラシックな姿に修復される一方、山荘に付属する形で廊下で結ばれたシリンダー状の新展示室は、周囲の自然環境や山荘の落ち着いた調和を乱さぬよう、地下に計画された。
• The structure of this villa and its interior were refurbished to restore its original classic appearance, and the cylinder type new subsidiary exhibition room was planned to be constructed underground, connected with the villa by a corridor in order not to disturb the natural environment and the calm atmosphere of the villa.

• 早くから業務地化が進み、人口は30年以上にわたってドーナツ化現象により減り続けていたが、1995年以降都心回帰に伴う居住地再整備やマンション建設の増加に伴い再び人口が増加傾向に転じている。
• With more and more businesses advancing into this area, the population had continued to decrease for more than thirty years due to the so-called donut phenomenon, but since 1995, the population has increased because, corresponding to people's tendency for living in city centers, conditions of the residential area have been improved and an increasing number of condominiums have been constructed.

• 建設事業の竣工時において、事業関係者は招待されたり記念碑に連名されるのが慣例とされているが、デ・レーケが関連した全土木工事おいて、一度も招待を受けたことがなく、また彼の名も記されていない。
• It was customary for individuals involved in projects to be invited a completion ceremony and to have their names inscribed on a monument; however, de Rijke was never invited nor was his name ever inscribed on any of the monuments that marked his work.

• この法律において「住宅資金貸付契約」とは、住宅の建設若しくは購入に必要な資金（住宅の用に供する土地又は借地権の取得に必要な資金を含む。）又は住宅の改良に必要な資金の貸付けに係る契約をいう。
• The term 'Home Loan Contract' as used in this Act means a loan contract for the funds necessary for building or purchasing housing (including funds necessary for acquisition of lands for housing or for acquisition of lease-holding rights) or fund necessary for improvements to housing.

• このような改革には積極的に西洋文明の先進制度が取り入れられ、その過程で、「お雇い外国人」と呼ばれる外国人が、技術指導、教育分野、官制・軍制整備など様々な分野で雇用され、近代国家建設を助けた。
• The developed systems of western civilization were positively adopted in this reform, and in this process foreigners called 'Employed Foreigner' were hired in various areas including technical assistance, education, consolidation of the organization of the central government, and military systems, to help Japan build a modern state.

• ヤマト王権は694年に行政が常駐する都（藤原京）を建設し、701年に大宝律令を制定して官僚組織を整備しているが、これに必要とされた多くの人材は、滅亡した九州王朝の官僚を再雇用したものである。
• When the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) was established and a bureaucratic organization was organized in 701 after the construction of the capital (Fujiara-kyo), where administration resided by Yamato kingship in 694, many officials from the officials of the Kyushu dynasty were re-employed for required positions.

• 宗教法人若しくは礼拝施設に対し無償で送られる式典用具及び礼拝用具又は墓地の建設、維持、修復若しくは装飾のために必要な貨物であつて、無償で送られるもの（経済産業大臣が告示で定めるものに限る。）
• Ceremonial equipment and ritual equipment sent without charge to religious corporations or ritual facilities or goods necessary for the construction, maintenance, repair or decoration of graveyards, which are sent without charge (limited to those specified by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry in public notice)

• 11世紀には、天守や外壁が石造りの城が建築されるようになるが、石造りの城は建造に長期間(数年)かかり費用も高額になるため、王や大貴族による建設が中心であり、地方では木造の城も多く残っていた。
• Castles with keeps and outside walls composed of stone were built in the eleventh century, but since the construction of stone castles was time-consuming (several years) and expensive, they were mainly built by kings or nobles, and wooden castles remained in local regions.

• 前述の町屋や、大正から昭和初期にかけては木造3階建ての料亭や旅館が多数建設され、老朽化や都市計画による道路拡張などにより、城下町の風情でもあった珍しい木造建築は姿を消そうとしている現状もある。
• The aforementioned tradesmen's houses, and many other wooden three-story Japanese restaurants and inns built from the Taisho to the early Showa periods, which made the castle town attractive are disappearing due to deterioration by aging and road extension carried out by urban planning.

• 文化学術研究地区とは、文化学術研究施設・文化学術研究交流施設を整備し、公共施設・公益的施設・住宅施設などを整備すべき地区で、関係府県知事が作成した建設に関する計画によってその区域が定められる。
• A cultural and academic research zone indicates the area that is included in the construction plans compiled by the prefectural governors concerned and where public facilities, facilities for public benefits and housing facilities are to be constructed in addition to scientific research facilities and facilities for promoting exchange of scientific researches.

• 大阪市の天満橋駅から分岐して同市北区 (大阪市)の中之島 (大阪府)地区を通る京阪中之島線が建設中で（2008年10月19日開業予定）、同線開業後は京阪本線と一体的に運行される予定となっている。
• The Keihan Nakanoshima Line, which bifurcates from Tenmabashi Station in Osaka City and runs through the Nakanoshima area in Kita Ward, Osaka City (Osaka Prefecture), is under construction (scheduled to be inaugurated on October 19, 2008), and when the line opens it's scheduled to operate in an integrated manner with Keihan Main Line.

• 前条に規定するもののほか、政府は、研究所の成立の時において現に建設中の建物等（建物及びその建物に附属する工作物をいう。次項において同じ。）で政令で定めるものを研究所に追加して出資するものとする。
• In addition to what is provided in the preceding Article, buildings, etc. (buildings and auxiliary structures of such buildings; hereinafter the same shall apply in the following paragraph) that are actually in the process of being constructed at the time of establishment of the Institute and that are specified by Cabinet Order shall be deemed as additional contributions to the Institute by the government.

• こうした事態を憂慮した伊藤は初代内閣総理大臣就任とともに引き続き初代宮内大臣を兼ねて天皇の意向を内閣_(日本)に伝えることで天皇の内閣への不信感を和らげ、伊藤の目指す立憲国家建設への理解を求めた。
• Concerned about this, Ito told the Cabinet (Japan) of the emperor's intention once he had been appointed to serve as the first Prime Minister while also serving as the Minister of the Imperial Household at the same time in order to quell the emperor's distrust of the Cabinet and gain his acceptance for the constitutional government Ito sought to implement.

• 緒嗣は開口一番「方今天下の苦しむ所は、軍事と造作なり。此の両事を停むれば百姓安んぜん（今、天下の人々が苦しんでいるのは、蝦夷平定と平安京の建設です。この二つを止めればみんな安心します）」と述べた。
• Otsugu said at once, 'What currently troubles the people are the subjugation of Ezo and the construction of Heiankyo and the people will be relieved if these two are stopped.'

• 同年、大阪に出て革靴の製造からスタートし、建設業に手を広げた伝三郎は、明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争では、陸軍に被服、食糧、機械、軍靴を納入、人夫の斡旋までして、三井・三菱と並ぶ利益をあげた。
• Denzaburo started shoe manufacturing in the same year, expanded his business to the construction industry, and during the Seinan War in 1877, delivered clothing, food, machinery, boots and even personnel to the army, making profits equivalent to those of Mitsui and Mitsubishi.

• 山荘は後に加賀家の手を離れ、様々な所有者の手に移り一時は会員制レストランなどに再利用されるが年々老朽化が進み、バブル経済末期には建設業者が買収し、一帯を更地に地上げするマンション開発計画を立てた。
• This villa later left the hands of the Kaga family and its ownership changed several times, once being used as a members-only restaurant, but becoming older year after year at the end of the bubble economy a construction firm bought it as part of a plan to have it demolished and build condominiums in a bid to raise land prices around the area.

• JR京都駅の烏丸口（北口）側にある関西電力京都支店の建物（鉄筋コンクリート造8階建）は、京都の近代建築の一つであるが、もともとは1937年（昭和12年）に、京都電燈の本社として建設されたものである。
• The eight storey reinforced concrete building of the Kyoto branch of the Kansai Electric Power, which stands in front of the Karasuma Exit (North Exit) of JR Kyoto Station, is one of the most modern buildings in Kyoto and was originally built as the headquarters of Kyoto Dento in 1937.

• しかし1971年に行われた県営住宅、小学校建設の為の橿原考古学研究所が行った事前調査により幅5m、深さ1メートル、総延長200メートル以上の運河状の構造物が発見された事により注目を集めることになる。
• However, the atmosphere of the archeological community changed after the operation of a preliminary excavation research by Archelological Institute of Kashihara prior to the construction of a municipal housing and an elementary school at the site; the remains got the attention of archeological communities after the discovery of the canal style constructions in 5m width, 1m depth and the total length of 200m and more.

• さらにこの結果に基づき、政府と陸軍の援助を受け、大江山鉱山から11キロしか離れていない与謝郡吉津村（当時。現在の京都府宮津市と与謝野町岩滝）に専用のニッケル製錬施設、岩滝製錬所を建設することになった。
• Furthermore, based on this result, they received assistance from the government and the army, and established Iwataki Smeltery, a smelting facility exclusively for nickel, which was only 11 kilometers away from Oeyama Mine in the former Yoshizu village, Yosa County (now Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture and Iwataki, Yosano-cho).

• 関西文化学術研究都市（かんさいぶんかがくじゅつけんきゅうとし）（以下、本稿では「学研都市」と表記する）は、創造的な学術・研究の振興、新産業・新文化の創造や発信などを目的として建設されている都市である。
• Kansai Science City (to be referred to as Science city in the following) was constructed to promote creative academic and research activities as well as creating/dispatching of new industries and culture.

• しかしその後の発掘調査で前方部が平城宮建設のさいに削平されており、本来は墳丘の全長253メートル 前方部の幅164メートル 後円部の直径147メートルの前方部を南に向けた前方後円墳であることが判明した。
• But the later excavation and research has revealed that its front square part had been removed and leveled out when Heijo-kyu Palace was constructed, and that the original tumulus had been a keyhole-shaped tomb mound with its front square part facing south, whose total length was 253 meters with its front square part being 164 meters in width and its rear round part being 147 meters in diameter.

• 福山入封後は放浪時代の恩人で知謀の名高い三村親成を高禄で家老職に迎え藩政に力を注ぎ、城下町の建設、産業育成、治水工事や新田開発を積極的に行い、それまでは概ね湿地帯であった現在の福山市域の発展の礎を築いた。
• After entering the Fukuyama Domain, Katsunari hired the highly-respected and resourceful Chikanari MIMURA who was his benefactor during his wandering years as a position of chief retainers by giving him a high salary to carry out domain duties, and he engaged actively in castle town construction, promotion of industrial development, embankment works, and development of new rice fields, and laid the foundation for the present-day Fukuyama City area which was mostly a wetland before.

• 宝亀11年3月22日 (旧暦)（780年5月1日）、紀広純が覚べつ城建設を建議し伊治城を訪れた機会をとらえた呰麻呂は、俘囚の軍（俘軍）を動かして反乱を起こし、まず大盾を殺し、次に広純を多勢で囲んで殺した。
• On May 5, 780 when KI no Hirozumi visited Korehari-jo Castle proposing the construction of Kakubetsu-jo Castle, Azamaro, who caught this opportunity, moved the armed forces of barbarians (military of barbarians), and woke up rebellion to kill Otate at first, then Hirozumi surrounding with many soldiers.

• だが、単なる区画整理事業に過ぎず、数ヶ月から数年で可能な条坊の建設に何故300年も要したのか、300年にも亘って計画を維持する事が可能か、実施した者の正体は何か、 目的は何か、などの疑問や矛盾が発生する。
• However, it was the only works for land zoning, and some questionable and inconsistent points arose as to why it took 300 years for construction that could be completed within a few months to a few years, how the plan was maintained and implemented for the period of 300 years, what the purposes of the construction was, and who took charge of the work.

• 市町村は、第十二条の十一の規定により地区整備計画において建築物等の建築又は建設の限界を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、同条に規定する都市計画施設である道路を管理することとなる者に協議しなければならない。
• When the municipalities are in the process of stipulating limits for the building or constructions of buildings etc. in district development plans pursuant to the provisions of Article 12-11, they must consult in advance with the administrators of roads-which are urban facilities-provided for in the same Article.

• 第十二条　東京都の区域により行う都市計画事業については、東京都が国の首都であることにかんがみて必要と認めるときは、建設省、運輸省その他その事業の内容である事項を主管する行政官庁がこれを執行することができる。
• Article 12: Concerning the city planning activities enforced depending on the area of Tokyo Metropolis, related administrative ministries such as the Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Transport and others can execute those activities, if they are recognized to be necessary, based on Tokyo being considered to be the Capital of Japan.

• その後、戦前には新京阪線（後述）との総合ターミナル駅建設による梅田への乗り入れ計画も作られたが果たせず（京阪梅田線を参照）、開業から半世紀余りを経た1963年にようやく地下線で淀屋橋への乗り入れを果たした。
• After that, another plan was formulated to jointly construct a general terminal station shared with the Shinkeihan Line (described later) anticipating the extension to Umeda, which was not achieved either (see the section on Keihan Umeda Line), and finally in 1963, after roughly half a century, the line succeeded in extending its operation up to Yodoyabashi Station through the use of underground tracks.

• 大隈は当初は参議木戸孝允の支援を受け、木戸と同じ長州藩出身の伊藤博文・井上馨や旧幕臣の渋沢栄一らを登用して、新貨条例制定、予算制度導入、造幣局 (日本)・印刷局の建設、廃藩置県・地租改正の実施などに尽力する。
• Okuma initially made efforts toward the enactment of the New Currency Regulation, introduction of budget system, construction of Mint Bureau (Japan) and Printing Bureau, implementation of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and land-tax reform with support from a councilor Takayoshi KIDO and by employing Hirobumi ITO and Kaoru INOUE, who were from the same Choshu Domain as Kido, and Eichi SHIBUSAWA, a former retainer of shogun.

• 2005年、京都市等によりスタジアム検討委員会が設置され、横大路運動公園ではアクセスの問題を解決するにあたり京阪電気鉄道の新駅を建設する必要がある等の問題があり、実現は2020年頃となるであろうと発表される。
• A stadium review committee which was organized by Kyoto City and others in 2005 announced that the stadium would not be completed until around 2020 because measures had to be taken to improve the access to Yokooji Sports Park, such as opening a new station of the Keihan Electric Railway.

• とくにシカゴ美術館で、この建物の保存にアメリカの富豪マーシャル・フィールドが100万ドルを寄付したことを知り、深く心に期すところがあり、自ら社会的使命の１つとして公共用の施設を建設したいとの希望をもつに至った。
• In particular, in the Art institute of Chicago, he learned that an American rich man, Marshall FIELD donated one million dollars to conserve this building and he made up his mind that, his mission was to build social facilities.

• 九州鉄道は門司駅（今の門司港駅）から八代駅・三角駅・長崎駅 (長崎県)、小倉駅 (福岡県)から分かれて行橋駅へ向かう路線の敷設（後の鹿児島本線、三角線、長崎本線、佐世保線、大村線、日豊本線）を目指して建設された。
• Kyushu Railway was founded to lay the lines between Moji Station (present Mojiko Station) and Yatsushiro Station, Misumi Station, Nagasaki Station (Nagasaki Prefecture), the line extended from Kokura Station (Fukuoka Prefecture) to Ikuhashi Station (later Kagoshima Main Line, Misumi Line, Nagasaki Main Line, Sasebo Line, Ohmura Line, Nippo Main Line).

• 大隈の政策は廃藩置県・地租改正・秩禄処分を通じて明治政府の財政基盤を安定させ、近代的な商工業育成（殖産興業）のために官営工場を建設するとともに、国立銀行_(明治)を通じて政府資金を導入して民間事業者の育成に努めた。
• Okuma's policies were to stabilize the Meiji Government's financial base by Haihan-chiken, land-tax reform and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), to promote a modern trade and craft industry (encouragement of new industry) by building government-owned factories, and to develop private entrepreneurs by injecting government funds through National Bank (Meiji).

• 亀岡運動公園は、1988年（昭和63年）の京都国民体育大会に合わせて建設された体育館、競技場、野球場、プール、テニスコート、遊具などを兼ね備えた複合的なスポーツ施設であり、市や府の内外を問わず盛んに利用されている。
• Kameoka Sports Park is a sports complex that was built for the Kyoto National Sports Festival held in 1988, consisting of gymnasiums, an athletics stadium, a baseball field, swimming pools, tennis courts, and various types of play equipment, and is used by a large number of visitors not only from Kameoka-City but also from outside Kyoto Prefecture.

• また、平常展示館の解体と百年記念館（仮称）の建設工事に関連し、平常展示を平成20年12月7日をもって中止し、以後、本館（特別展示館）での特別展の開催期間を除き休館する事が決定している（特別展は従来同様に継続される）。
• Along with the dismantlement of the Collections Hall and the construction of Centennial Hall (tentative name), the regular exhibition was halted on December 7, 2008, and the museum will be closed except for periods of special exhibitions at the main hall (Special Exhibition Hall) (although special exhibitions will be given as usual).

• その後、7世紀後半に至るまで国号の表記は倭国・倭のままであったが、天武天皇に始まる律令制建設の過程で、倭国・倭という表記を忌避する意識が再び高まり、701年前後に日本という表記が採用されることとなったと考えられている。
• From then on till the latter half of the seventh century, the name designating the country was still Wakoku or Wa, but in the process of remodeling its state and administrative apparatus on the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) by the Emperor Tenmu, there was growing national awareness about the avoidance of using Wa or Wakoku, so that before and after 701, a pair of Chinese characters, 日本, (meaning of 'the land from the sun-rise) came to be used.

• 『日本書紀』の記述が正しいとして、常識的に考えれば、多くの資材を投入して防衛のための付属施設である水城等が建設されたとされる664年には、既に本体である都城は存在し、資材を投入するに足りる発展を遂げていたと考えられる。
• On the assumption that the description of the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) is correct, and based upon common sense, Miyakonojo which served as the central function, was constructed and developed enough for materials to be applied before 664 when many materials were put to construct affiliated facilities including mizu-shiro (castles on lakes or marshes for defensive purposes) for defense.

• この法律において「副産物」とは、製品の製造、加工、修理若しくは販売、エネルギーの供給又は土木建築に関する工事（以下「建設工事」という。）に伴い副次的に得られた物品（放射性物質及びこれによって汚染された物を除く。）をいう。
• The term 'By-products' as used in this Act shall mean products generated as by-products from the manufacture, processing, repair or sale of products, supply of energy or construction work for civil engineering or building (hereinafter referred to as 'Construction Work') (excluding radioactive substances and articles contaminated thereby).

• 市町村は、議会の議決を経て定められた当該市町村の建設に関する基本構想並びに都市計画区域の整備、開発及び保全の方針に即し、当該市町村の都市計画に関する基本的な方針（以下この条において「基本方針」という。）を定めるものとする。
• Municipalities shall stipulate a basic policy concerning city planning (hereinafter referred to as 'basic policy' in this Article) based on each municipality's basic plans for construction stipulated upon the deliberation of the municipal assemblies and the policy for improvement, development and preservation of city planning areas.

• ホームスタジアムの京都市西京極総合運動公園陸上競技場兼球技場は、陸上競技用トラックがフィールドと観客を隔てる構造上の問題を有し、また、敷地の狭さからこれ以上の拡張が難しいため、かねてから専用スタジアムの建設が熱望されてきた。
• Because the home stadium of Kyoto Sanga, the field and track and ball game field, Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park Stadium, has a structural problem that the track for track-and-field events separates spectators from the field, and the smallness of its premises makes it difficult to expand it further, construction of a dedicated stadium for football has been desired for a long time.

• かつてマキノ省三が1921年（大正10年）に京都・等持院境内に建設した「等持院撮影所」をその後経営していた東亜キネマが業績不振に陥った1931年（昭和6年）9月、同社の代行をする会社として設立されたのが「東活映画社」である。
• When Toa Kinema, which had been managing 'Tojiin Studio' originally constructed by Shozo MAKINO in the precincts of Toji-in Temple in Kyoto in 1921, went into a slump in business in September 1931; 'Tokatsu Eiga-sha Film Company' was established as an agency of the said company.

• 平城宮大極殿は第一次と第二次とで大きく構造が異なり、第一次では唐長安大明宮含元殿の影響を受け、大極殿院が広い前庭を持ち、また大極殿は前庭から1段高い位置に建設されており、平安宮の龍尾壇（竜尾壇 りゅうびだん）の原型といえる。
• The First and the Second Daigokuden of the Heijo-kyu Palace were significantly different in structure; the Hanyuan Hall of the Daming Palace in Chang'an at the time of the Tang Dynasty in China had a strong influence on the First Daigokuden, which had a large front garden and was built elevated one step from the garden, and this was in turn a prototype of the Ryubidan (stone steps of the Heiangu Palace to the south of Daigokuden).

• 「平」という名称の由来は不明であるが、もっとも有力な説は太田亮が唱えて藤木邦彦・佐伯有清らが発展させた説で、最初の平氏であった桓武平氏の祖である桓武天皇が建設した平安京にちなんで「平（和訓多比良）」と名づけたとするものである。
• While the origin of the name 'Taira' is unknown, the most influential theory proposed by Akira OTA and developed by Kunihiko FUJIKI, Arikiyo SAEKI and others, states that 'Taira' derives from a Japanese reading of the kanji character '平' in '平安京,' the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto which was built by the Emperor Kanmu, an ancestor of the first Taira clan, Kanmu-Heishi.

• 聖武天皇が奈良に東大寺を建て、毘盧舎那仏（奈良の大仏）を建立して国の象徴として建設にあたる時、天平勝宝元年（749年）に、これを助ける為に、宇佐八幡神は、屋根に金色の鳳凰が輝く天皇の乗り物（鳳輩）に乗って奈良の都へと都御した。
• When Emperor Shomu had Todai-ji Temple built and had the statue of Birushanabutsu (the Great Buddha of Nara Prefecture) erected as the national symbol, in 749 to support this undertaking, Usahachiman-shin visited the capitol city of Nara riding a vehicle of emperor (an otori ren-shaped vehicle) with a glittering golden mythical Firebird Goddess on its roof.

• 2001年、ヴォーリズ建築である滋賀県犬上郡豊郷町豊郷町立豊郷小学校校舎（1937年建設）を巡り、取り壊して改築しようとした町・PTAと、同校舎を残そうと願う一般の人々（卒業生など地元住民、建築関係者）の間で激しい対立が生じた。
• In 2001, a controversy erupted over the Toyosato Elementary School building (constructed in 1937) in Toyosato-cho, Inugami-gun County, Shiga Prefecture, which was designed by Vories; the dispute arose between the faction, consisting of the town government and the PTA, who wanted to demolish the building and then reconstruct it, and a group consisting of regular citizens (local people like graduates of the school and people connected with construction work) who wanted the school building to be preserved.

• 明治28年（1895年）、無二三の窮状を見かねた寄宿生たちは負担軽減のために寄宿舎より転宿、無二三も両門町・岩崎弥太郎邸（現・東京都文京区湯島。但し、岩崎邸完成は翌1896年で、この頃は建設中と思われる）裏にて改めて下宿屋を開く。
• In 1895, boarders, who saw the wretched condition of Munizo, decided to move away from the boarding house to lessen the burden, and Munizo used the back of the residence of Yataro IWASAKI in Ryomo Town (currently in Yushima, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo; the residence of IWASAKI was completed in the following 1896, and it is believed that it was still under construction then) to create a boarding house.

• 地区計画又は集落地区計画の区域（地区整備計画又は集落地区整備計画が定められている区域に限る。）内において、当該地区計画又は集落地区計画に定められた内容に適合する建築物又は第一種特定工作物の建築又は建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings or Category 1 special structures, in district planning or rural hamlet district planning areas (which shall be limited to areas where district improvement plans or rural hamlet district improvement plans are established), that conform to the contents of the district plans or the rural hamlet district plans in question.

• また各鎮台から九州への本格的な動員が開始されると膨大な量の弾薬が必要となり、6,000発/日程度の生産数では焼け石に水の効果しかない事が明らかだったため、更なる増産が図られて弾丸用の鉛溶解炉や雷管製造所を併設した新工場が建設された。
• It was apparent that so great deal of ammunition would be required that the production for 6000 rounds of ammunition per day would be a drop in the bucket when full-fledged mobilization from the garrisons throughout Japan to Kyushu would start, then, a new plant of ammunition annexed with a lead furnace for bullets and a percussion cap factory was constructed in order to increase the production.

• また、建築史学者と歴史家の間に法隆寺の建設年代に関する論争（法隆寺再建・非再建論争）が起こったが、現存する建物の様式論や、六国史などの文献研究はもとより、遺構調査など考古学の発掘成果も取り入れられるようになって、学問の深化が見られた。
• Historians and scholars of architectural history were in dispute about the year of construction of Horyu-ji Temple (and whether or not the temple had been rebuilt), which led to a more in-depth study of Japan's architectural history using methods such as archaeological excavation and surveying remnants of ancient structures, examining the styles of existing buildings and studying literature such as Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories).

• 人望が非常に厚く、明治37年（1904年）大相撲常設館（当時はまだ国技館の呼称はない）建設が計画された際には、安田財閥本所支店長の飯島保篤から何と自分の信用だけで40万円（現在なら100億円に相当するという）を無担保で借りることに成功。
• In 1904, when Ozumo-josetsukan (later the Kokugikan Sumo Hall) was planned to be constructed, Yasuatsu IIJIMA, the manager of the headquarters of Yasuda Zaibatsu, granted Ikazuchi a loan of 400 thousand yen (equivalent to 10 billion yen at today's prices) without collateral, which shows how much Ikazuchi was respected and trusted by others.

• 工期途中で視察のためアメリカ合衆国を訪れた田辺は、当初の計画になかった水力発電を取り入れ、日本初の営業用水力発電所となる蹴上発電所を建設し、1895年には京都・伏見間で日本初となる路面電車（京都電気鉄道）の営業運転が始まることとなった。
• He went on an inspection tour of the United States while the construction works were in progress, and he introduced hydroelectric system which had not been in the original plan; he built Keage Power Plant, Japan's first hydroelectric power station for business use, and in 1895, commercial operation of Japan's first streetcar (Kyoto Electric Railway) started in the section between Kyoto and Fushimi.

• 銅像の建設委員長をしていた樺山資紀を助けて奔走していた子息の樺山愛輔は、銅像の顔は極めてよくできているが、光雲は西郷の特徴ある唇（何とも言えない魅力と情愛に弱いところが同居している唇）を最後まで表現しきれないことに苦しんだと書いている。
• Aisuke KABAYAMA who is son of Sukenori KABAYMA was helping and made effort for his father who was the chairman of construction of statue, he wrote about Koun that he had difficulty expressing Saigo's characteristic lips (lips was very attractive and week of love were staying together) until the ending although the face of statue was made very good.

• 1901年(明治34年)に舞鶴鎮守府が創設され、日本海側唯一の軍港として発展した歴史を持つ舞鶴市であるが、鎮守府創設にあわせる形で1898年(明治31年)に軍事水道の建設が開始され、1900年(明治33年)に与保呂川上流に桂貯水池が完成。
• Maizuru City has a history of being developed as the only military port along the Japan Sea after Maizuru Chinjufu (Maizuru Naval District) was established in 1901; however, in order to complete its construction before the establishment of Chinjufu, the construction of the military water system started in 1898, and the Katsura reservoir was completed upstream of Yohoro-gawa River.

• 後半生にキリスト教に傾倒し寺社仏閣を破壊したという話が知られているが、これは日向国侵攻においてキリスト教国建設を夢見たとされる義鎮が日向国内限定で行った行為であり、本拠である豊後国内で義鎮が寺社仏閣を破壊したことを示す資料は見当たらない。
• Though it was known that he was committed to Christianity and destroyed shrines and temples in his later years, it was the behavior of Yoshishige who was said to dream of building the 'Christian Kingdom' only in Hyuga Province of invading it, and no material was found to prove that Yoshishige destroyed shrines and temples in his home ground, Bungo Province.

• 総督府技師の八田与一は10年の歳月を費やし、当時東南アジアで最大となる烏山頭ダムを完成させると、1920年には嘉南大圳建設に着工、1934年に主要部分が完成すると嘉南平原への水利実現に伴い、台湾耕地面積の14%にも及ぶ広大な装置を創出した。
• Yoichi HATTA, a civil engineer of the Sotoku-fu, spent ten years to complete the Ushantou dam, the largest in the south east Asia at that time, and started the construction of Chianan Canal in 1920, and, with the completion of the major part in 1934, it became a huge water supply facility to supply water to the Chianan Plain, which covered as much as 14% of the total farming area in Taiwan.

• 明治時代になると、明治政府の立場から天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史観が構築されていったが、それは大政奉還・王政復古を正当化する歴史観であり、そのため大化の改新・建武の中興・明治維新が最も重要な改革に位置づけられた。
• After the Meiji period, the Meiji government sought to establish a nation-state which set the emperor in the center of the nation. This produced a nationalistic view of history, which justified Taisei Hokan and Osei Fukko, and so the Taika Reforms, Kenmu no Chuko (=Kenmu restoration) and Meiji Restoration were ranked as the most important reforms.

• しかし、当初検討された、京都市横大路運動公園の敷地利用計画は、交通アクセスや建設予算他の問題から、2006年6月26日、「サッカースタジアム検討委員会」（委員長＝松山靖史・京商京都スポーツ振興特別委員長）が「整備は困難」と最終報告書を公表。
• But while the plan to utilize the premises of Kyoto City Yokooji Sports Park was considered at first, on June 26, 2006 'Committee for consideration on a football stadium' (the chairman was Yasushi MATSUYAMA, Kyosho Kyoto Sports Promotion Special Committee Chairman) made public the final report that said 'carrying out that plan will be difficult' because of the problems with traffic access and the construction budget.

• 高速道路は整備が遅れていたが、現在は舞鶴若狭自動車道が敦賀市方面と阪神方面を貫くとともに、山陰自動車道・京都縦貫自動車道が京都市方面と鳥取市方面を貫くべく建設中である（現在は宮津天橋立インターチェンジから舞鶴大江インターチェンジまでが開通）。
• Although expressway construction was slow, the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway was completed to connect Tsuruga City and Hanshin regions; the Sanin Expressway and the Kyoto Longitudinal Expressway are being built to directly connect Kyoto City and Tottori City (the section between the Miyazu Amanohashidate Interchange and the Maizuru Oe Interchange is now open).

• 1933年（昭和8年）3月、大沢商会グループ（J.Osawa Co., Ltd.）が京都・太秦蚕ノ社駅に貸しスタジオ「J.Oスタヂオ」を建設・開所、同社社長・大沢徳太郎の長男・大沢善夫が輸入したトーキーシステムを導入した先進的なものであった。
• J. Osawa Co., Ltd. built and opened the 'J. O. Studio' for rent at Uzumasa Kaiko no Yashiro Station in Kyoto that used a pioneering talkie system imported by Yoshio OSAWA, who was the eldest son of the CEO of the same company, Tokutaro OSAWA.

• このダム建設によって日吉町の188世帯が水没する事になり、「宮村ダム」計画発表の1961年に「日吉ダム対策協議会天若同盟」を住民は結成し、以来1984年（昭和59年）9月に補償交渉が妥結するまでの24年間、町を挙げた強固な反対運動を展開した。
• Because 188 households in Hiyoshi-cho were to be submerged through the building of this dam, the residents formed 'Hiyoshi Dam Taisakukyogikai Amawaka Domei' (Amawaka Association, Hiyoshi Dam Opposition Movement) in 1961 when the plan to build 'Miyamura Dam' was announced, and they staged an uncompromising opposition movement against the plan involving people of the whole town for twenty-four years until September 1984 when the compensation negotiations were settled.

• 資本の額又は出資の総額が三億円以下の会社並びに常時使用する従業員の数が三百人以下の会社及び個人であつて、製造業、建設業、運輸業その他の業種（次号から第四号までに掲げる業種及び第五号の政令で定める業種を除く。）に属する事業を主たる事業として営むもの
• Any corporation whose amount of capital or total amount of contribution is not more than three hundred million yen and any corporation or individual whose number of regular employees is not more than three hundred, which operates as its principal business, business belonging to manufacturing business, construction business, transportation business, or any other business (excluding the lines of businesses listed in items 2 to 4 inclusive and the lines of businesses provided for by a Cabinet Order pursuant to item 5);

• この法律において「指定副産物」とは、エネルギーの供給又は建設工事に係る副産物であって、その全部又は一部を再生資源として利用することを促進することが当該再生資源の有効な利用を図る上で特に必要なものとして政令で定める業種ごとに政令で定めるものをいう。
• The term 'Specified By-product' as used in this Act shall mean a By-product arising from the supply of energy or Construction Work, which is specified by Cabinet Order for the respective industries specified by Cabinet Order, as a By-product for which it is particularly necessary to promote the utilization of the whole or part of the By-product as Recyclable Resources, with the aim to ensure the effective utilization of the Recyclable Resources.

• 都道府県が国又は独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構と一体となつて助成する中小企業者の行う他の事業者との連携若しくは事業の共同化又は中小企業の集積の活性化に寄与する事業の用に供する建築物又は第一種特定工作物の建築又は建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings or Category 1 special structures used for projects that will contribute to the coordination or combined operation with other business operators or vitalized accumulation of small and medium enterprises that are conducted by small and medium enterprises supported by prefectures in a joint effort with the State or the Organization for Small and Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, Japan.

• 資本金の額又は出資の総額が三億円以下の会社並びに常時使用する従業員の数が三百人以下の会社及び個人であって、製造業、建設業、運輸業その他の業種（次号から第四号までに掲げる業種及び第五号の政令で定める業種を除く。）に属する事業を主たる事業として営むもの
• a company whose amount of capital or the total amount of contributions in which is not more than three hundred million yen or a company or an individual that hires not more than three hundred full-time workers, whose principal business falls under the category of the manufacturing industry, construction industry, transport industry or other industries (excluding industries listed in the following item to item (iv) and industries specified by a Cabinet Order set forth in item (v));

• 市街地開発事業等予定区域に関する都市計画において定められた区域内において、土地の形質の変更を行ない、又は建築物の建築その他工作物の建設を行なおうとする者は、都道府県知事の許可を受けなければならない。ただし、次に掲げる行為については、この限りでない。
• Any person who intends to change the shape or character of land, build building or construct other structures in areas prescribed in city plans relating to the scheduled areas for urban area development projects, etc. shall obtain the permission of the prefectural governors. However, this shall not apply to the activities listed in the following:

• しかし昨今のアメリカにおける経済発展が、シリコンバレーに代表されるICTを中心としたイノベーションであることがはっきりし、日本も同様のモデルによる経済発展が求められている中、研究開発機能と新産業創出機能を集積した施設が各地で建設されるようになった。
• However, inspired by the fact that the driving force for recent economic development in the US was technological innovation as typified by the information and communication technology (ICT) in Silicon Valley, calls for similar economic development in Japan have grown, so new facilities combining the functions of R&D and the creation of new industries are being built throughout the country.

• 昭和通り (東京都)の地下部増線に際し、拡幅や立ち退きを伴わず工事を行なえた事でその先見性が改めて評価された事例もあり、もし彼が靖国通りや明治通り (東京都)・山手通りの建設を行っていなければ東京で頻繁に起こる大渋滞はどうなっていたか想像もつかない。
• He left some examples which are highly regarded today for his foresight, such as the underground construction of additional lines for Showa-dori Street, which made the construction possible witout road-widening work or eviction of residents, and if he had carried out the construction of Yasukuni-dori Street or Meiji-dori Street (Tokyo) or Yamanote-dori Street, there might not be so terrible and frequent traffic jams in Tokyo.

• 外相井上馨による交渉（明治15年（1882年） - 明治21年（1888年））：鹿鳴館の建設による欧化政策、裁判所に外国人判事を採用など→ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードや谷干城、国粋主義者の反発、ノルマントン号事件に対する不首尾もあり、井上辞任。
• Negotiations conducted by Foreign Minister Kaoru INOUE (1882 - 1888): Measures to Europeanize such as construction of Rokumeikan Hall and installment of judges from foreign countries at the court were proposed but due to objections raised by Gustave Emile BOISSONADE, Tateki TANI and the nationalist group in addition to the unfortunate handling of the Normanton Incident, Inoue resigned.

• 資本金の額又は出資の総額が三億円以下の会社並びに常時使用する従業員の数が三百人以下の会社及び個人であって、製造業、建設業、運輸業その他の業種（次号から第二号の三までに掲げる業種及び第三号の政令で定める業種を除く。）に属する事業を主たる事業として営むもの
• Companies whose amount of stated capital or the total amount of contribution is 300,000,000 yen or less, and companies or individuals whose number of regular employees is 300 or less, and who is engaged in the business of manufacturing, construction, transportation or other business type (excluding the business types listed in the next item 2 through 2-3 and those specified by the Cabinet Order set forth in item 3) as main business.
• Any corporation whose amount of stated capital or the total amount of capital contribution is 300,000,000 yen or less and any corporation or individual whose number of regular employees is 300 or less, the main business of which is classified as manufacturing, construction, transportation or other business type (excluding the business types listed in the next item (ii) through item (ii)-3 and those specified by the Cabinet Order set forth in item (iii))

• このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
• The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.

• しかし鉄道局長官井上勝は、当時ドイツに留学中の仙石と吉川三次郎からの報告により、明治18年（1885年）ドイツで60‰の勾配をラック式鉄道（歯型レール）で登る鉄道が完成したことを知り、横川駅 (群馬県)～軽井沢駅間をアプト式鉄道で建設することを決定した。
• However the director of the Railway Bureau, Masaru INOUE knew that a railway going up a 60 ‰ grade by rack-style railway (toothprint-style railway) had been completed in Germany in 1885 from a report by Sengoku and Sanjiro YOSHIKAWA who had been studying in Germany at that time, therefore he decided to construct Abt-system railway between Yokogawa Station (Gunma Prefecture) and Karuizawa Station.

• 長年天皇に仕え、身分の低い学者から抜擢を受けた老齢の真道は天皇の意向を汲んで必死に反論をしたものの、ついに天皇は緒嗣の主張を受け入れてライフワークとも呼ぶべき事業である、蝦夷平定と平安京の建設の中止を宣言した。（「徳政論争」）、桓武天皇は翌年に崩御した。
• Masamichi who was old, had served the emperor for years, and had been exceptionally promoted from a rank of low-ranked scholar made the best effort to object to Otsugu considering the emperor's intention, however, the emperor finally accepted Otsugu's assertion, announced the discontinuation of the subjugation of Ezo and the construction of Heiankyo which should be the lifework of the emperor ('Tokusei Dispute') and died in the next year.

• のちに同法は廃止されたが、廃止理由は、東京都が首都でなくなったからではなく、あくまで同法の目的（首都の建設）が達成され、整備の対象を「首都」から「首都とその周辺地域」に広げるための発展的なものであり、後継の首都圏整備法とは連続性、一体性を有するものである。
• Although this law was abolished later, it was not because Tokyo ceased to be the capital, but because the objective of the law (construction of capital) was accomplished and it was necessary to expand the area of city improvement from the capital to the capital and its surrounding region; the succeeding law, 'national capital region improvement law,' has a continuity and unity with the abolished law.

• 昭和61年（1986年）から平成元年（1989年）にかけて、奈良市二条大路南のそごうデパート建設予定地で奈良文化財研究所による発掘調査が行われ、昭和63年（1988年）に奈良時代の貴族邸宅址が大量の木簡（長屋王家木簡）とともに発見され、長屋王邸と判明した。
• Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties carried out excavation and research at a planned construction site of a Sogo department store at Nijo-oji Street Minami, Nara City, in 1986 to 1989, and found the ruins of a residence of a noble in Nara period, which was proved to be the residence of Prince Nagaya, together with a lot of mokkan (long and narrow wood plates written with a brush) (mokkan of the Prince Nagaya family) in 1988.

• 幕末には攘夷論が台頭するがそれを克服し、戊辰戦争の後明治政府は西洋文明の積極的な受容による近代国家の建設、幕府が結んだ西欧諸国との不平等条約の改正と南下政策を進めるロシア帝国との国境確定および東アジア諸国との外交関係の再構築と版図の確定という課題に取り組んだ。
• Japan conquered principle of excluding foreigners that emerged at the end of Edo period, and the Meiji Government had tackled the following issues since the Bushing War: the construction of a modern state through the introduction of western civilization; the revision of the unequal treaties that the bakufu signed, with western countries; the definition of the border with Russia that had been promoting southward expansion; and the restructing of diplomatic relations and definition of the territory with East Asian countries.

• 明治維新後も新政府は、江戸時代の貨幣制度をほぼそのまま受け継いだが、中央集権的な国家を建設するためには、各藩が独自に発行していた藩札（さらにそれを受け継いだ府県札）の整理や、東日本の小判（計数貨幣）と西日本の丁銀（秤量貨幣）の統一なども課題として残されていた。
• Although the currency system in the Edo period had been kept in almost the same manner by the new government after Meiji Restoration, there were problems including organizing han bills (bills usable only in a particular feudal clan) (further, prefectural bills taken over from the han bills) issued by each domain independently and integrating koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) (Keisu kahei [currency by table]) in eastern Japan and chogin (collective term of silver) (Hyodo kahei [currency valued by weight]) in western Japan in order to establish a centralized state.

• 彼らは近代国家建設に要する技術習得のために日本人のドイツ留学を時の日本政府に進言し、政府は建築技師として妻木頼黄・渡辺譲・河合浩蔵の3人、石工・大工・人造石左官・煉瓦職・ペンキ職・屋根職・石膏職の高等職人17人で構成された総勢20人の青年をドイツに留学・派遣した。
• Based on Ende and Beckmann's suggestion that some delegates be sent to Germany to study and acquire the necessary techniques required for building a modern state, the Japanese government sent a learning mission to Germany consisting of 20 young Japanese people including Yorinaka TSUMAKI, Yuzuru WATANABE, Kozo KAWAI and 17 senior workmen who specialized in stonemasonry, carpentry, artificial stonemasonry, brick-laying, painting, roofing and plastering.

• かつて1925年（大正14年）に東亜キネマから独立した牧野省三が設立したマキノ・プロダクションが、等持院撮影所を東亜に譲り渡したさいに建設した御室撮影所を、同社の解散後、1932年（昭和7年）の正映マキノキネマや宝塚キネマが相次いで稼動させたが、いずれも解散した。
• After the liquidation of Makino Productions, a company established by Shozo MAKINO in 1925 when he became independent from Toa Kinema, operations of the Omuro Studio it had built when handing over Tojiin Studio to Toa were taken over by Shoei Makino Kinema and then Takarazuka Kinema in 1932, but both of these companies went into liquidation as well.

• これは新国家建設のためには「海陸警備ノ制」（軍事）・「教令率育ノ道」（教育）・「審理刑罰ノ法」（司法）・「理財会計ノ方」（財政）の4つの確立の必要性を唱え、その実現には府藩県三治制の非効率さを指摘して府・藩・県の機構を同一のものにする「三治一致」を目指すものとした。
• In order to construct the new nation, the above proposal argued the necessity of establishing four systems, namely a 'military system' (military), an 'education system' (education), a 'judicial system' (judiciary) and a ' financial/accounting system' (finance), and pointed out the inefficiency of the fu-han-ken sanchisei and proposed to adopt 'sanchi-icchi' (conformation of tripartite governance) system under which fu, han and ken would adopt the same system.

• 新党構想などの準備を着々と整え、満を持しての再登板に望むことになった近衛は、閣僚名簿奉呈直前の7月19日、荻窪の私邸･荻外荘でいわゆる「荻窪会談」を行い、入閣することになっていた松岡洋右（外相）、吉田善吾（海相）、東条英機（陸相）と「東亜新秩序」の建設邁進で合意している。
• Having worked steadily on the preparations for the framework of the new political party, Konoe, who was about to face a long-awaited comeback, held the 'Ogikubo Meeting' at Tekigaiso, his private residence in Ogikubo, on July 19, just before presenting the list of cabinet ministers, and he agreed with new cabinet members Yosuke MATSUOKA (Foreign Minister), Zengo YOSHIDA (Minister of the Navy) and Hideki TOJO (Minister of the Army) to work toward the founding of a 'new order in East Asia.'

• 夜明けとともに石原裕次郎、中原早苗らが犯人のピストルに監視されつつ不時着したセスナ機に乗り込もうとするシーンでは、徐々に夜が明けてくる状態をリアルに表現するため、まず飛行場の空き地に横70メートル、高さ15メートルの巨大な半円状のホリゾントを建設、夜明け直前の空を描かせた。
• In the scene Yujiro ISHIHARA, Sanae NAKAHARA and others were aboard a Cessna plane that made a crash landing under the watch of criminals with guns at the crack of dawn, he had a semicircular horizont (a stage wall) 70 m wide and 15 m high made in an open space at the airport and the sky before dawn painted in order to express dawn gradually breaking realistically.

• 農業、林業若しくは漁業の用に供する建築物で第二十九条第一項第二号の政令で定める建築物以外のものの建築又は市街化調整区域内において生産される農産物、林産物若しくは水産物の処理、貯蔵若しくは加工に必要な建築物若しくは第一種特定工作物の建築若しくは建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings for use in agriculture, forestry or fisheries (except buildings specified by Cabinet Order mentioned in Article 29 paragraph (1) item (ii)),and/or buildings or Category 1 special structures necessary for disposing, storing or processing agricultural, forest or marine products produced in urbanization control areas;

• 1892年（明治25年）、もともと港湾部が浅かった上に土砂の堆積が重なって大型船の接岸が不可能になっていた函館港の改修についての要望書『函館港湾浚渫修築并ニ船渠設置意見上申書』の提出を受け、港内の浚渫や砂防堤・防波堤・灯台の設置、埋立てによる埠頭の建設などの改良工事を指示した。
• The harbor of Hakodate Port, which had been shallow since long before, had deposition of sediments so that it became impossible for large vessels to reach the shore; in 1892, in response to the submission of 'Proposal for dredging and repairs of Hakodate Harbor and construction of a dock,' a request for repairs of Hakodate Harbor, Kitagaki directed dredging work of the harbor and construction of sand control dyke, breakwater and lighthouse as well as improvement works including construction of a wharf by reclaiming land from the sea.

• この仮設の予定であった駅は、昭和恐慌などの影響で地下化計画自体が事実上頓挫する格好でそのままの形で残され、東海道新幹線が建設される際にはその直上に新幹線の線路とプラットホームを設置し、同時に奈良電の駅も高架3線化された（なお北口までの延伸免許自体は、近鉄への合併直後まで保持された）。
• The station building, which was meant to be provisional, had been maintained with its original structure because the underground station project itself was frustrated due to the Showa Depression among other things; and when the Tokaido Shinkansen was constructed the exclusive tracks and platforms for Shinkansen were built right above it, and the station of the Nara Electric Railway was also equipped with three elevated tracks (however, the permission to extend the building to Kita-guchi (north entrance/exit) was withheld until right after the company's merger with Kintetsu Corporation).

• - 都市部においては、天下普請の施行により、鳶職や植木職などの建設に係わる者が、町場の相互関係の中で特別な義務と権限（町火消しなど）を持つようになり、特定の縁起物（熊手、朝顔）や売り上げが確実に見込める物（正月のお飾り）の販売を独占する傾向にあり、現在でもその不文律が継承されている。
• In the urban site, with the policy of tenka fushin (nation wide constructions carried out by Tokugawa shogunate), people connected to construction, such as scaffolders and gardeners, were given special duties and rights (such as acting as firefighters) in the town's correlation and tended to monopolize the market for special good luck charms (rakes or morning glories) or items that would definitely sell (for example, New Year decorations); this unwritten law continues even today.

• 「東亜新秩序」の建設を確認した昭和15年7月19日の「荻窪会談」や、対米戦争の是非とその対応についてを協議した昭和16年10月15日の「荻外荘会談」などの特別な協議はもとより、時には定例会合の五相会議までをも荻外荘で開いており、第二次世界大戦前夜の重要な国策の多くがここで決定されている。
• Not only did he hold special conferences such as the 'Ogikubo Meeting' on July 19, 1940, in which he confirmed the construction of 'new order in East Asia,' and 'Tekigaiso Meeting' on October 15, 1941, in which he negotiated the pros and cons of war against the U.S., at times, he even held regularly scheduled top-level ministerial meetings at Tekigaiso and on the eve of the Second World War, many important national policies were approved here.

• 明治になって、勅令によって褒章条例がさだめられ、人命救助者、孝子、順孫、義僕、精励実業家、発明改良家、教育、衛生、社会事業、防疫の諸事業、道路、河渠、堤防、橋梁の修築、学校、病院の建設、田野の墾闢などにつくして公衆の利益をはかり、成績のすこぶる顕著なものにたいして褒章をあたえることにした。
• In the Meiji period, an ordinance for granting rewards was prescribed by imperial edict -- such that rewards were to be granted to the most conspicuous among: those who saved a life; koshi; junson; giboku; hard-working businessman; a person who involved in invention and innovation; and those who served the public interest by devoted themselves to education, hygiene, social service, projects to prevent epidemics, repair and construction of road, alveus, bank, and bridge, construction of school and hospital, and development of farms and fields.

• 現在の平常展示館の解体（平成20年12月予定）と、平常展示機能を持つ百年記念館（仮称、谷口吉生設計、着工予定平成21年1月31日、竣工予定平成25年3月31日）および南門ミュージアムショップ（仮称、谷口吉生設計、着工予定平成20年7月1日、竣工予定平成21年1月31日）の建設計画が進行中である。
• The following projects are under way: dismantlement of the Collections Hall (December 2008); the plan for construction of Centennial Hall for regular exhibitions (tentative name; designed by Yoshio TANIGUCHI, with construction work from January 31, 2009 and completion scheduled for March 31, 2013); the plan to build the South Gate Museum Shop (tentative name; designed by Yoshio TANIGUCHI, with construction work from July 1, 2008 and completion scheduled for January 31, 2009).

• また、『高麗史』金方慶伝によると、高麗は軍船を建造するのに「蛮様」（南宋様式）の船にしたのでは建設費がかさみ期限には間に合わないので、高麗様式の船を造船したとされており、軍船の準備が整っているので日本を征服しましょうとの忠烈王によるクビライへの進言は実態とまったく異なることであったことが記されている。
• Meanwhile, the records on Bang-gyeong KIM in 'Koraishi' says that Goryeo constructed the warships in Goryeo style, because constructing them in Southern Sung style was too expensive and would not be completed in time, and the situation was totally different from that suggested by King Chungnyeol, who told Kublai that the warships were ready to conquer Japan.

• 3層構造で、1階は改札口（八条口）・駅事務室・名店街、2階がホームと改札口（中央口、この改札口は開業当初から長らく旧国鉄→現JR京都駅の内部にある形で乗換用の改札機もあったが、現京都駅ビル建設および同駅南北自由通路設置に合わせて両社の改札口は完全分離化された）、3階はJR東海の新幹線ホームとなっている。
• It has a three-layer structure: a ticket wicket (Hachijo-guchi (Hachijo entrance/exit)), the station office and Meitengai shopping arcade are located on the first floor; the platforms and a ticket wicket (Chuo-guchi (Central entrance/exit)) are located on the second floor (a ticket gate was located inside the JNR/JR Station for a long time with a ｔicket machine for transfer, but when the new station building was constructed and the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro was made, the ticket wickets of the two companies were fully separated); and the third floor has the platforms for the JR Central Shinkansen.

• 前項の場合において、独 立行政法人鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構から鉄道線路を直接借り受け、又は独立行政法人日本高速道路保有・債務返済機構が所有する鉄道線路を直接利用し て、他人の需要に応じ、鉄道による旅客又は貨物の運送を行う事業については、当該事業を第一種鉄道事業とみなして、この法律の規定を適用する。
• In the case of the preceding paragraph, as for the business that conducts transportation of passengers or freight by railway to meet the needs of others by directly borrowing railway tracks from Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency or directly using the railway tracks that is owned by Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency or Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency, the provisions of this Act shall apply to the said business by regarding the business as Type I Railway Business.

• 建武の新政は表面上は復古的であるが、内実は蒙古的な天皇専制を目指し、武家を排除した公家中心の政権運営を敷き、性急な改革、土地訴訟への対応の不備や恩賞の不公平、大内裏建設計画などその施策の大半が各方面、特に武士勢力の不満を呼び、また有名な二条河原の落書に観られるようにその無能を批判され、権威を全く失墜した。
• The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be a reactionary movement, but was in fact an old and ignorant imperial dictatorship, and most of the measures introduced, such as aristocracy-centered political management that excluded the samurai, sudden reforms, inability to handle lawsuits for land, inequality in rewards, and the unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, especially in the samurai class. As a consequence, criticism of the government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in the famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and the government completely lost power over the public.

• 上嶋家文書の真偽をめぐって学界では意見がわかれ、概ね否定的見解が主流であったが、後にその記載内容を裏書きする古文書が兵庫県揖保郡揖保川町新在家の豪農であった永富家（元楠木同族会顧問　鹿島建設株式会社会長鹿島守之助の生家）から発見され、この系図は江戸後期の写しであっても、古本を書写したものであることが証明された。
• The credibility of this document has been a controversial issue in the society of Japanese history that majority of them viewed as false; however, an old document that was found in the house of a wealthy farmer, the Nagatomi family (the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA who was the chairman of Kajima Corporation and the former advisor of the Kusunoki family council) in Shinzaike, Ibokawa-cho in Ibo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture and it was revealed that this geneology recorded in this manuscrit during the late Edo Period was actually copied from an old document.

• 著作物は、発行され、又は第二十二条から第二十五条までに規定する権利を有する者若しくはその許諾を得た者によつて上演、演奏、上映、公衆送信、口述若しくは展示の方法で公衆に提示された場合（建築の著作物にあつては、第二十一条に規定する権利を有する者又はその許諾を得た者によつて建設された場合を含む。）において、公表されたものとする。
• A work has been "made public" when it has been published, or when, by means of stage performance, musical performance, screen presentation, public transmission, recitation or exhibition, it has been made available to the public [in either case,] by a person entitled to the rights provided for in Articles 22 to 25 or by a person with authorization from such a person. In the case of an architectural work, a work has been "made public" when it has been constructed by a person possessing the right provided for in Article 21 or by a person with authorization from such a person.

• その後、1970年に開催された日本万国博覧会に備えて収容力の拡大を図るべく、本館食堂の南側に高層ビル形態の新館建設を計画し、基礎工事まで済ませたが、景観保護にかかる諸条例の規制区域であったため、これは中止となり、その基礎を生かして近代的な外観の半地下式グリルが新設され、これに伴い不要となったラウンジが撤去されるに留まった。
• Later, to expand the capacity for the Japan World Exposition '70 held in 1970, a new high-rise building was planned to be built at the south of the dining room of the main building, but because the area was under several regulations as for scenic reserve, it was called off when the basic foundation was completed of which a modern half-underground grillroom has been newly built on the base; in accordance with it, the unnecessary lounge was removed.

• 前条の規定にかかわらず、市街化調整区域に係る開発行為（主として第二種特定工作物の建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為を除く。）については、当該申請に係る開発行為及びその申請の手続が同条に定める要件に該当するほか、当該申請に係る開発行為が次の各号のいずれかに該当すると認める場合でなければ、都道府県知事は、開発許可をしてはならない。
• Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding Article, prefectural governors shall not grant development permission with respect to development activities pertaining to urbanization control areas (excluding development activities having the primary purpose of constructing Category 2 special structures) unless they deem that the development activities and their application procedure pertaining to the relevant application conform to the requisites specified by said Article and the development activities pertaining to the relevant application conform to any of the following items:

• 当初は、琵琶湖から日本海と瀬戸内海を結ぶ阪敦運河構想を北栄造福井県知事が調整し始めたが、当時の平田佐矩四日市市長が熱心だったこともあり、福井県・滋賀県・岐阜県・愛知県・三重県、名古屋市・敦賀市・四日市市の間で、自民党副総裁の大野伴睦を会長に、総工費2500億円～3500億円に及ぶ若狭湾～琵琶湖～伊勢湾を結ぶ運河の建設期成同盟が結成された。
• Initially, the governor of Fukui Prefecture, Eizo KITA, accommodated the plan 'Framework on Hanko Canal' (阪敦運河構想) to connect the Sea of Japan and the Seto Inland Sea via Lake Biwa, but because Sukenori HIRATA, who was then the mayor of Yokkaichi City, was keen on the plan, the alliance for the construction of the canal to connect Wakasa Bay and Ise Bay via Lake Biwa (at a total cost of 250 to 350 billion yen) was formed with Banboku ONO, the Vice President of the Liberal Democratic Party, as chairman, among Fukui Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Nagoya City, Tsuruga City and Yokkaichi City.

• 鉄道事業者が他の鉄道 事業者に対し旅客の乗継ぎに係る前項の措置であつて鉄道施設の建設又は改良によるもの（以下「乗継円滑化措置」という。）に関する協議を求めたときは、当 該他の鉄道事業者は、当該乗継円滑化措置により鉄道施設の有する機能に著しい支障を及ぼすおそれがあるときその他の国土交通省令で定める正当な理由がある 場合を除き、これに応じなければならない。
• When a Railway Business Operator requested other Railway Business Operator to have a conference concerning the measures in the preceding paragraph pertaining to connection of passengers, and related to the construction or improvement of the Railways Facilities (hereafter referred to as 'Measures for Smoothing Connection', the said other Railways Business Operator shall comply with the request unless there is a risk that the Measures for Smoothing Transit may extremely hinder the functions of the Railway Facilities, or for other justifiable grounds prescribed by the provision of an ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

• 隣接する遺跡「西台畑遺跡」（にしだいはたいせき：地元では「にしだいばたけ」と呼ばれることが多い）や長町駅東遺跡は、郡山遺跡に勤務していた人々が生活したものと考えられる住居跡などが発見・発掘されたが、旧国鉄(JR)長町レールセンター、旧国鉄(JR)長町貨物ヤード(操車場)＜共に現在は廃止＞建設によると思われる損傷、ライフラインの埋設による損傷がみられた。
• In the adjoining ruins 'Nishidaihata Ruins' (locally often called 'Nishidaibatake') and Nagamchi East Station Ruins, the remains of residences and so on where people working in the Koriyam Ruins had presumably lived were found and excavated, but they had been damaged probably by the construction of old Japanese National Railway (JR) Nagamachi Rail Center and old JR Nagamachi Yard (now both of them are abolished) and work of burying infrastructure.

• この法律において「特定事業」とは、公共施設等の整備等（公共施設等の建設、改修、維持管理若しくは運営又はこれらに関する企画をいい、国民に対するサービスの提供を含む。以下同じ。）に関する事業（市街地再開発事業、土地区画整理事業その他の市街地開発事業を含む。）であって、民間の資金、経営能力及び技術的能力を活用することにより効率的かつ効果的に実施されるものをいう。
• The term 'Qualified Project' as used in this Act means a project (including an urban redevelopment project, a land readjustment project, and another urban development project) involving the provision etc. of Public Facility etc. (which mean construction, rehabilitation, maintenance or operation of Public Facility etc, or planning of them, and include provision of services to the citizens; the same shall apply hereinafter), which is carried out more efficiently and effectively by utilizing private finance, management abilities and technical capabilities.

• 住宅資金貸付債権　住宅の建設若しくは購入に必要な資金（住宅の用に供する土地又は借地権の取得に必要な資金を含む。）又は住宅の改良に必要な資金の貸付けに係る分割払の定めのある再生債権であって、当該債権又は当該債権に係る債務の保証人（保証を業とする者に限る。以下「保証会社」という。）の主たる債務者に対する求償権を担保するための抵当権が住宅に設定されているものをいう。
• Home loan claim:　A rehabilitation claim with a provision authorizing installment payment, which pertains to a loan of funds necessary for the construction or purchase of the residence (including funds necessary for the acquisition of land or land lease right to be used for the residence) or funds necessary for the remodeling of the residence, with a mortgage being established on the residence for the purpose of securing the claim itself or a right of exoneration held by the guarantor for any debt arising from the claim (limited to a person engaging in the guarantee business; hereinafter referred to as a 'guarantee company') against the principal debtor

• しかも冒頭に競技施設建設のため旧来の姿を失ってゆく東京の様子を持ってきたり、一つのシーンを数多くのカメラでさまざまなアングルから撮影したり、望遠鏡のような2000ミリ望遠レンズを使って選手の胸の鼓動や額ににじむ汗を捉えたり、競技者とともに観戦者を、勝者とともに敗者を、歓喜とともに絶望を描いたりするなど、従来の「記録映画」とは全く性質の異なる極めて芸術性の高い作品に仕上げた。
• He completed an extremely artistic film totally different from the traditional 'record films' in various unique ways; putting the scene of Tokyo losing its old image due to construction of athletic facilities in the beginning of the film, shooting one scene from various angles with many cameras, capturing athletes' heartbeats and sweat on their foreheads with a 2000-millimeter telephoto lens like a telescope, describing not only athletes but also spectators, not only winners but also losers, not only joy but also despair and so on.

• 承認企業立地計画に従って企業立地を行う承認企業立地事業者であって、同意集積区域内において指定集積業種のうち次に掲げるものに属する事業のための施設又は設備を新設したものが、当該新設に伴い新たに取得し、又は製作し、若しくは建設した機械及び装置並びに建物及びその附属設備については、租税特別措置法（昭和三十二年法律第二十六号）で定めるところにより、課税の特例の適用があるものとする。
• Pursuant to the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxation (Act No. 26 of 1957), special provisions for taxation shall be applied to machines, equipment, buildings and equipment attached thereto which have been newly acquired, manufactured or constructed by an approved business operator establishing new business facilities who has established a new business facilities in accordance with the approved plan for establishing new business facilities and who has established, in an agreed cluster zone, new facilities or equipment to be used for designated cluster industries falling under those listed as follows:

• 実は昔、三栖までの事業免許を取得する直前まで計画は進んでいたのだが、そのときに伏見の酒造家たちが「地下鉄延長によって酒造に欠かせない地下水（伏水）が出なくなる恐れがある」と計画に猛反発した（なお奈良電気鉄道（奈良電）が1928年に、現在の近鉄京都線を伏見付近において地下線で建設する予定であったときも、同様の反対運動を起こして高架線に変更させたことがあった）ためといわれている。
• It is said that the plan had advanced to the point of getting the license for extending the line to Misu, but brewers in Fushimi revolted against it, saying 'Subway extension will stop the flow of the clear groundwater (Fushimi), indispensable for brewing Japanese sake' (when Nara Electric Railway was planning to construct the existing Kintetsu-Kyoto Line in the immediate area of Fushimi as a subway line, they waged similar opposition campaign and had it changed to an elevated railway).

• そのため現在の台湾の教育・民生・軍事・経済の基盤は当時の日本によって建設されたものが基礎となっていると主張する意見（李登輝など）と、近代化の中の日本の役割を過大評価することは植民地統治の正当化と反発する意見、台湾は日本への農作物供給地として農業を中心に発展させられたため工業発展に遅れたと主張する意見、日本商人の搾取によって富が奪われたとする意見（図解台湾史、台湾歴史図説）も提示されている。
• Therefore, there are different opinions about the ruling by Japan as follows; one opinion is that the infrastructure of Taiwan, such as education, people's livelihood, military and economy, was based upon one built by Japan at that time (Teng-hui LEE and others) and other opposing opinions are that overestimating the role of Japan in modernization leads to a justification for colonial rule, Japan imposed an agriculture-centered policy to make Taiwan a supply source of agricultural products to Japan and it resulted in delaying industrial development and the wealth of Taiwan was deprived by Japanese merchants Taiwan (Illustrated History of Taiwan, Illustration of Taiwanese History).

• 第六十二条第一項の規定による告示又は新たな事業地の編入に係る第六十三条第二項において準用する第六十二条第一項の規定による告示があつた後においては、当該事業地内において、都市計画事業の施行の障害となるおそれがある土地の形質の変更若しくは建築物の建築その他工作物の建設を行ない、又は政令で定める移動の容易でない物件の設置若しくは堆積を行なおうとする者は、都道府県知事の許可を受けなければならない。
• After the public notice pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1), or the public notice pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1), as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2) pertaining to inclusion of new project sites have been made, if, within the relevant project sites, any person intends to change the shape or character of land or build a building or construct other structure which may hinder the execution of city planning projects, or to set up or pile up any kind of the articles not readily movable specified by Cabinet Order, they shall obtain the permission of the prefectural governor.

• 主務大臣は、指定副産物事業者であって、その供給に係るエネルギーの供給量又はその施工に係る建設工事の施工金額が政令で定める要件に該当するものの当該指定副産物に係る再生資源の利用の促進が第三十四条第一項に規定する判断の基準となるべき事項に照らして著しく不十分であると認めるときは、当該指定副産物事業者に対し、その判断の根拠を示して、当該指定副産物に係る再生資源の利用の促進に関し必要な措置をとるべき旨の勧告をすることができる。
• The competent minister may, when he/she finds the manner in which a Specified By-product Business Operator whose amount of energy supply or price of Construction Work meets the requirements specified by Cabinet Order promotes the utilization of Recyclable Resources pertaining to the Specified By-product to be significantly lacking in light of the standards of judgment prescribed in Article 34, paragraph 1, recommend the Specified By-product Business Operator to take necessary measures for the promotion of utilization of Recyclable Resources pertaining to the Specified By-product, while presenting the grounds for his/her judgment.

• 高層住居誘導地区は、住居と住居以外の用途とを適正に配分し、利便性の高い高層住宅の建設を誘導するため、第一種住居地域、第二種住居地域、準住居地域、近隣商業地域又は準工業地域でこれらの地域に関する都市計画において建築基準法第五十二条第一項第二号に規定する建築物の容積率が十分の四十又は十分の五十と定められたものの内において、建築物の容積率の最高限度、建築物の建ぺい率の最高限度及び建築物の敷地面積の最低限度を定める地区とする。
• High-rise residential attraction districts are districts in which maximum floor area, maximum building coverage ratio and minimum site area of buildings are established within the floor area ratio of 400% or 500% in city plans concerning category 1 residential districts, category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, neighborhood commercial districts, or quasi-industrial districts as provided for in item (ii), paragraph (1), Article 52 of the Building Standards Act in order to make appropriate divisions between residential and non-residential uses and to attract highly-convenient high-rise residential buildings.

• 主務大臣は、特定再利用事業者であって、その製造に係る製品の生産量又はその施工に係る建設工事の施工金額が政令で定める要件に該当するものの当該特定再利用業種に係る再生資源又は再生部品の利用が第十五条第一項に規定する判断の基準となるべき事項に照らして著しく不十分であると認めるときは、当該特定再利用事業者に対し、その判断の根拠を示して、当該特定再利用業種に係る再生資源又は再生部品の利用に関し必要な措置をとるべき旨の勧告をすることができる。
• The competent minister may, when he/she finds the manner in which a Designated Resources-Reutilizing Business Operator whose production quantity or price of Construction Work meets the requirements specified by Cabinet Order utilizes Recyclable Resources or Reusable Parts pertaining to the Designated Resources-Reutilizing Industry to be significantly lacking in light of the standards of judgment prescribed in Article 15, paragraph 1, recommend the Designated Resources-Reutilizing Business Operator to take necessary measures for the utilization of Recyclable Resources or Reusable Parts pertaining to the Designated Resources-Reutilizing Industry, while presenting the grounds for his/her judgment.

• 昭和戦後以降も、昭和29年（1954年）の富山城模擬天守建設以降、「天守閣復興ブーム」や「お城復興ブーム」などと呼ばれる昭和30年代、同40年代を中心に、主に天守の復興が多く行われたが、竹下内閣のふるさと創生事業が実施された1988年以降には文化庁などの方針によって史跡での再建行為が忠実なものであることが求められるようになると、平成2年（1990年）の白河小峰城三重櫓の木造復元以降は、資料に基づいた木造での復元や復興が原則となった。
• Castle towers were mainly reconstructed after the war in the Showa period, in the 30's and 40's of the Showa period during the 'castle tower reconstruction boom' or 'castle reconstruction boom' after the construction of the reconstructed tenshu (keep) of the Toyama-jo Castle in 1954, but reconstructions at historical sites were often requested to be faithful to the original according to the policies of the Agency for Cultural Affairs from 1988 and when the Takeshita cabinet carried out the Furusato creation project, restorations and reconstructions in wood based on historical materials were performed in principle after the reconstruction of Sanju Yagura (three tiered turret) of Shirakawa Komine-jo Castle in wood in 1990.

• 主として、自己の居住の用に供する住宅の建築の用に供する目的で行う開発行為又は住宅以外の建築物若しくは特定工作物で自己の業務の用に供するものの建築若しくは建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為（当該開発行為の中断により当該開発区域及びその周辺の地域に出水、崖崩れ、土砂の流出等による被害が生じるおそれがあることを考慮して政令で定める規模以上のものを除く。）以外の開発行為にあつては、申請者に当該開発行為を行うために必要な資力及び信用があること。
• In cases of development activities other than development activities carried out with the primary purpose of building residences for own private dwelling, building and/or constructing non-residential buildings or special structures for private work (excluding development activities whose scale is greater than that specified by Cabinet Order considering that suspension of the said development activities may lead to damage caused by flooding, landslide and sediment runoff, etc. in the relevant development areas and surrounding areas), the applicants shall possess sufficient funds and credit to carry out the said development activities.

• このため、路線形状の都合から当時の繁華街である四条河原町地域からは遠く離れた京都市でも南の地域、即ち七条通 - 八条通付近に京都駅は設置されたが、それ以外にも用地買収の楽な寂れた地域（四条通に沿って建設する事は用地買収面以外にも、祇園地区において八坂神社などの境内に当たる事や周辺の伝統的な家屋の立ち退きを伴う事などから、市民感情から考えても猛反発を受けた可能性が高かったと見られる）だったというのが、この土地を選択した要因になったといわれている。
• Thus it is said that, owing to this favorable route setup, Kyoto Station was constructed in the southern area of Kyoto City, around Shichijo-dori Street and Hachijo-dori Street, although this area was far from the Shijo-Kawaramachi area, a prominent center of the time. However, another reason for the selection could be that the area was underdeveloped at the time and it was easy to acquire the site (if it had been constructed along the Shijo-dori Street, the acquisition of the land would have met strong emotional opposition from the citizens in addition to the difficulties in purchasing it, because railroading should have been carried out in the Gion District, which has many temples and shrines such as Yasaka-jinja Shrine, and the traditional houses in the vicinity should have been removed).

• 主として、自己の居住の用に供する住宅の建築の用に供する目的で行う開発行為又は住宅以外の建築物若しくは特定工作物で自己の業務の用に供するものの建築若しくは建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為（当該開発行為の中断により当該開発区域及びその周辺の地域に出水、崖崩れ、土砂の流出等による被害が生じるおそれがあることを考慮して政令で定める規模以上のものを除く。）以外の開発行為にあつては、工事施行者に当該開発行為に関する工事を完成するために必要な能力があること。
• In cases of development activities other than development activities carried out with the primary purpose of building residences for own private dwelling, building and/or constructing non-residential buildings or special structures for private work (excluding development activities whose scale is greater than that specified by Cabinet Order considering that suspension of the said development activities may lead to damage caused by flooding, landslide and sediment runoff, etc. in the relevant development areas and surrounding areas), construction executors shall possess the necessary capacity to complete the relevant development activities-related construction.

• 区域区分に関する都市計画が決定され、又は当該都市計画を変更して市街化調整区域が拡張された際、自己の居住若しくは業務の用に供する建築物を建築し、又は自己の業務の用に供する第一種特定工作物を建設する目的で土地又は土地の利用に関する所有権以外の権利を有していた者で、当該都市計画の決定又は変更の日から起算して六月以内に国土交通省令で定める事項を都道府県知事に届け出たものが、当該目的に従つて、当該土地に関する権利の行使として行う開発行為（政令で定める期間内に行うものに限る。）
• Development activities executed as the exercise of right concerning the relevant land by persons who, at the time when city plans concerning urbanization control areas are fixed or when the urbanization control areas are expanded by changing the relevant city plans, had land or held rights other than ownership concerning the use of land for the purpose of building buildings for own dwelling or business or of constructing Category 1 special structures for own business and who had notified prefectural governors of such matters as specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism within six months counting from the date of the decision or change of the relevant city plans in accordance with such purpose (which shall be limited to development activities executed within the period specified by Cabinet Order).

• 主として、自己の居住の用に供する住宅の建築又は住宅以外の建築物若しくは特定工作物で自己の業務の用に供するものの建築又は建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為以外の開発行為にあつては、開発区域内に建築基準法第三十九条第一項の災害危険区域、地すべり等防止法（昭和三十三年法律第三十号）第三条第一項の地すべり防止区域、土砂災害警戒区域等における土砂災害防止対策の推進に関する法律（平成十二年法律第五十七号）第八条第一項の土砂災害特別警戒区域その他政令で定める開発行為を行うのに適当でない区域内の土地を含まないこと。ただし、開発区域及びその周辺の地域の状況等により支障がないと認められるときは、この限りでない。
• In cases of development activities other than development activities carried out with the primary purpose of building residences for own private dwelling, building and/or constructing non-residential buildings or special structures for private work, the development areas shall not include land in disaster risk areas provided by Article 39 paragraph (1) of the Building Standards Act, landslide prevention areas provided by Article 3 paragraph (1) of the Landslide etc. Prevention Act (Act No. 30 of l958), sediment disaster special alert areas provided by Article 8 paragraph (1) of the Act for Promotion of Measures to Prevent Sediment Disasters in Sediment Disaster Alert Areas, etc. (Act No. 57 of 2000), and any areas specified by Cabinet Order as unsuitable for development activities; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case where there is deemed to be no hindrance because of conditions in the development areas and surrounding areas.

• 都道府県は、都市計画区域外の区域のうち、相当数の建築物その他の工作物（以下「建築物等」という。）の建築若しくは建設又はこれらの敷地の造成が現に行われ、又は行われると見込まれる区域を含み、かつ、自然的及び社会的条件並びに農業振興地域の整備に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第五十八号）その他の法令による土地利用の規制の状況その他国土交通省令で定める事項に関する現況及び推移を勘案して、そのまま土地利用を整序し、又は環境を保全するための措置を講ずることなく放置すれば、将来における一体の都市としての整備、開発及び保全に支障が生じるおそれがあると認められる一定の区域を、準都市計画区域として指定することができる。
• The Prefectures may designate as quasi-city planning areas those areas outside of city planning areas in which the construction of a considerable number of buildings and other structures (hereinafter referred to as 'buildings etc.') or land preparation is actually conducted, including areas in which construction is scheduled, giving due consideration to natural and social conditions, the current situation of land use regulations set forth in the Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas (Act No. 58 of 1969), and the current situation and developments concerning other matters stipulated in Ordinances of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and where it is recognized that that future integrated city improvement, development and preservation risks hindrance if measures are not taken to organize land use or conserve the environment.

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びにこれらに類する者として政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• A person who, at the time of the enforcement of this Act, has been an official (excluding a chairperson and a member of councils, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act [Act No. 120 of 1948], a member of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, a chairperson and a member of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified as similar persons by a Cabinet Order) of the prior and existing Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as a 'Prior and Existing Ministry or Agency' in this Article) shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a relevant official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'New Ministry or Agency' in this Article), or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which said official belongs at the time of the enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.
• Any employee (excluding presidents, chairpersons and members of councils, etc. in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), committee members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and committee members of Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and persons prescribed by a Cabinet Order as being similar to these persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of the effective date of this Act shall become the corresponding employee of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or Ministry of Environment (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Office or Ministry' in this Article), or a bureau or institution established under the Current Office or Ministry prescribed by a Cabinet Order as corresponding to the Former Office or Ministry, or a bureau or institution established after the enforcement of this Act under the Former Office or Ministry to which said employee belongs at the time of the effective date of this Act, with the same working conditions, provided that a separate letter of appointment has not been issued.
• Any person who is actually the official of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office/Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act (excluding the president or chairperson and members of a council, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Administrative Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by Cabinet Order as similar thereto) shall be the corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office/Ministry' in this article) or a department or organization thereunder, which is specified by Cabinet Order as the New Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder to which the official actually belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, unless a letter of appointment is otherwise issued.

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、 厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和 二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びに　これらに類する者と して政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、 財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若 しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは 機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• Persons who were actually the officials of the former Prime Minister's Office and former Ministries of Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Health and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, International Trade and Industry, Transport, Posts and Telecommunications, Labor, Construction, or Home Affairs (herein after referred in this Article as 'Former Office and Ministries') before the enforcement of this Act (except for presidents, chairpersons and members of the councils, etc. specified by Article 8 of National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and other similar persons specified by the Cabinet Order) shall be reasonable officials of the organs that are prescribed by the Cabinet Order and are equivalent to Former Office and Ministries they formerly served among the Cabinet Office and Ministries of Internal Affairs and Communications, Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Health, Labour and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Economy, Trade and Industry, Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Environment (herein after referred in this Article as 'New Office and Ministries') after the enforcement of this Act or departments and bureaus formed in New Office and Ministries on the same working conditions unless other appointments are announced.
• A person who is an official (excluding, however, the chairperson and members of the Council, etc. under Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948)), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by a Cabinet Order as similar persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office or Ministry' in this Article) or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which the said official belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.