府: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- ご府内
- within the town limits of Edo
- 鎌倉府
- Kamakurafu
- Kamakura-fu
- 鎌倉将軍府
- The General's Outpost in Kamakura
- 府県の三府
- Three prefectures classified as 'fu'
- 三河国の国府
- The ancient provincial capital of Mikawa Province
- 府県の三府。
- Sanpu refers to three prefectures classified as 'fu.'
- 鎌倉幕府の滅亡
- The downfall of the Kamakura bakufu
- 京都府南部地域
- Southern region of Kyoto Prefecture
- 国府に因む地名
- Place names originating in Kokufu
- 鎌倉幕府の設置
- Establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)
- 江戸幕府の設置
- Establishment of the Edo bakufu
- 室町幕府の設置
- Establishment of the Muromachi bakufu
- 鎌倉幕府崩壊。
- Kamakura bakufu fell.
- 政府管掌健康保健
- government-run health insurance
- 東山 (京都府)
- Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 国府の施設と配置
- Facilities in Kokufu and their arrangement
- 国府の推定と発掘
- Location and excavation of Kokufu
- - 鎌倉幕府滅亡
- The Kamakura bakufu fell.
- 笠置山 (京都府)
- Mt. Kasagi (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 大岩山 (京都府)
- Mt. Oiwa (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 大宮町 (京都府)
- Omiya-cho (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 鎌倉幕府の半公式記録。
- A semi-official record of events connected to the Kamakura bakufu.
- 参府という表記もある。
- Sanpu (三府) sometimes expressed in different characters as '参府.'
- 住所:京都府舞鶴市成生
- Address: Naryu, Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 榎峠 (京都府・兵庫県)
- Enoki Pass (Kyoto Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture)
- 深山 (大阪府・京都府)
- Miyama (Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 大阪府民の森 ちはや園地
- Chihaya Enchi Park, Osaka Prefecture People's Forest
- 二上山 (奈良県・大阪府)
- Mt. Nijo (a mountain stretching in Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture)
- 京都府道564号松尾吉坂線
- Kyoto Prefectural Road 564, Matsuo-Kissaka Line
- Kyoto Prefecture Route 564: Matsunoo-Kissaka Line
- 京都には京都府が置かれた。
- Kyoto Prefecture was established.
- 国際文化公園都市(大阪府)
- International Culture Park (Osaka Prefecture)
- 都道府県庁所在地は大津市。
- The capital of the prefecture is located in Otsu City.
- 三河国の国府のあったところ。
- It refers to the place where the ancient provincial capital of Mikawa Province was located.
- 鎌倉幕府開設以前からの古社。
- It was an old shrine founded before the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 百井峠(京都府京都市左京区)
- Momoi-toge Pass (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 直義の死後は幕府に帰参した。
- After Tadayoshi's death the clan returned to serving the bakufu.
- 大宰府がその指揮に当たった。
- These forces were under the command of the Dazaifu (local government office in the Kyushu region)
- 幕府軍は水源を絶とうとした。
- The bakufu army attempted to cut off the castle's water supply.
- 三条大橋(京都府京都市東山区)
- Sanjo-Ohashi Bridge (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 56. 枚方宿(大阪府枚方市)
- 56. Hirakata-juku Station (Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture)
- 57. 守口宿(大阪府守口市)
- 57. Moriguchi-shuku Station (Moriguchi City, Osaka Prefecture)
- 鎌倉幕府に次ぐ幕府政権である。
- It was Japan's second Bakufu government, following the Kamakura Bakufu.
- 今回は幕府の対応は強硬だった。
- On this occasion the bakufu took strong measures.
- 京都府南部の笠置町内にある山。
- It is a mountain located in Kasagi Town, southern part of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 府立保津峡自然公園に含まれる。
- Kyoto prefectural Hozukyo Natural Park includes the gorge.
- 鎌倉幕府の都市計画:鎌倉六大路
- City planning of the Kamakura bakufu: Kamakura roku oji (Kamakura's Six Big Streets)
- 京都府の最北部に位置している。
- The city is located in the northmost area of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 前ヶ畑峠(京都府京都市左京区)
- Maegahata-toge Pass (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 幕府重臣らは半信半疑であった。
- The senior vassals of the bakufu were dubious of the news.
- 死亡者の田は政府へ収公された。
- Meanwhile, when people died, rice land allotted to the people was confiscated by the government.
- 幕府は徳政令を発して対応する。
- The shogunate government coped with the matter by issuing the Tokuseirei (ordering the return of land sold and the dissolution of debts), but society remained in chaos.
- 陸奥将軍府(福島県伊達郡霊山町)
- The General's Outpost in Mutsu (in the Ryozen machi, in Date gun of modern-day Fukushima Pref.)
- 6月13日、京方と幕府軍は衝突。
- On the thirteenth day of the sixth month, the capital faction and the shogunal army met in battle.
- 京都府道143号四ノ宮四ツ塚線。
- Kyoto Prefectural Road 143 Shinomiya-Yotsuzuka Line.
- 京都府道118号勧修寺今熊野線。
- Kyoto Prefectural Road 118 Kanshuji-Imagumano Line.
- 京都府道・滋賀県道5号木津信楽線
- Kyoto and Shiga Prefectural Road 5 Kizu Shigaraki Line
- ここで幕府軍は苦戦を強いられる。
- Here, the army of the bakufu was forced into a hard fight.
- 室町幕府滅亡(元亀4年・1573)
- The Fall of Muromachi Bakufu (1573)
- 55. 淀宿(京都府京都市伏見区)
- 55. Yodo-juku Station (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 愛知県豊川市国府町(こうちょう)。
- Ko-cho, Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture.
- よって国府の選定には注意を要する。
- These theories caused controversy because they nominate various locations, and therefore the location of Kokufu must be identified carefully.
- 古くは鎌府(れんぷ)とも呼ばれた。
- It was also called Renbu in ancient times.
- 天橋立 … 京都府宮津市にある砂嘴
- Amanohashidate: Sand spit existing in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 江戸時代には幕府が一揆を禁止した。
- In the Edo period, the shogunate government prohibited ikki.
- 京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線。
- Kyoto and Shiga Prefectural Road 30 Shimogamo-Otsu Line.
- 府立笠置山自然公園に指定されている。
- It is assigned as Kasagiyama Shizen Koen (Kasagiyama Prefectural Natural Park) of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 現在の大阪府高槻市樫田地区にあたる。
- It lay in the same area as today's Kashida district of Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 途中越(京都府京都市・滋賀県大津市)
- Tochu-goe Pass (Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture)
- 幕府からの返礼使は対馬藩が代行した。
- The Tshushima domain sent a return-call envoy to Korea instead of the bakufu.
- それでもなお、幕府の対応は鈍かった。
- Nevertheless, the bakufu was slow to respond to the situation.
- 抗戦を続けていた会津藩も新政府に降伏。
- The Aizu Domain, which had been resisting all along, finally surrendered to the new government.
- 以後滅亡まで幕府はこの方針を堅持した。
- The bakufu continued this policy until it fell.
- ただし、その支配権は幕府が握っている。
- The sovereignty over these lands remained with the shogunate, however.
- 但し、あまり三府と呼ぶ人は多くはない。
- However, few people call that place Sanpu.
- 国府の遺跡が発見された最初の例である。
- It was the first case that the remains of a provincial office were found.
- ※同日、大阪府では、和泉市が発足する。
- On the same day, Izumi City was established in Osaka Prefecture.
- 京都府京都市左京区吉田近衛町69番地。
- 69, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 結局、室町幕府は徳政令を出さなかった。
- After all, the Muromachi bakufu did not issue Tokuseirei (order for return of land sold and dissolution of debts).
- - 足利尊氏が京都(室町)に幕府を開く
- Takauji ASHIKAGA established a bakufu in Kyoto (Muromachi).
- 高麗橋(大阪府大阪市中央区 (大阪市))
- Korai-bashi Bridge (Chuo Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture)
- 所領関係を管轄、鎌倉幕府の引付衆に相当。
- This office had jurisdiction over land-related questions, and took over for the mass of hikitsuke (courts of enquiry) of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 京方は潰走し、幕府軍は京へなだれ込んだ。
- The capital faction was routed, and the shogunal army stormed into the capital.
- 国府の一覧表(国府所在郡)を記載した史料
- Historical materials with a list of Kokufu (location of Kokufu)
- 国府の陸上交通のためには駅家が置かれた。
- 'Umaya' (facilities for providing horses, foods, etc.) were established for traffic over land.
- 京丹後市(きょうたんごし)は京都府の市。
- Kyotango City is a city of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 幕府は大政奉還により権力の温存を図った。
- The bakufu tried to keep its authority through Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).
- また、大阪府内では「渋川道」ともいわれる。
- Also its portion within Osaka Prefecture is called 'Shibukawa-michi' (Shibukawa road).
- 19. 府中宿(駿府)(静岡県静岡市葵区)
- 19. Fuchu-shuku Station (Aoi Ward, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture)
- 西日本旅客鉄道嵯峨野線 花園駅 (京都府)
- JR West Sagano Line: Hanazono Station (Kyoto Prefecture)
- 国府の具体像に関する知識は皆無に近かった。
- Almost no one had knowledge concerning a concrete image of Kokufu.
- 日本 > 近畿地方 > 京都府 > 綴喜郡
- Japan>Kinki region>Kyoto Prefecture>Tsuzuki county
- 京都府道61号京都京北線上に位置している。
- It is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 61 Kyoto-Keihoku Line.
- ここに足利室町幕府の無力化は明確となった。
- Here, dis-empowerment of the Muromachi bakufu of the Ashikaga clan became clear.
- これは、幕府による朝廷の制御を困難にした。
- The disruption hindered the bakufu from controlling the Imperial Court.
- 室町幕府将軍は足利義輝、足利義栄、足利義昭。
- The Muromachi Bakufu Shogun were Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, and Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- 承久の乱により、朝廷と幕府の立場は一変した。
- As a result of the Jokyu Rebellion, the relative political positions of the Imperial Court and the shogunate did a complete about-face.
- 愛宕山 (大阪府) - 大阪府泉南市にある。
- Atago-yama (Osaka Prefecture) - It is located in Sennan City, Osaka Prefecture.
- このことから「鞆幕府」と呼ばれることもある。
- From this, it can be also called 'Tomo bakufu.'
- 府中宿は東海道53次中、最大の都市であった。
- Fuchu-juku stage was the biggest city among 53 stages of Tokaido.
- 府県境に位置する比叡山の西側は当区に属する。
- The western side of Mt. Hiei which is situated between the two prefectures belongs to the ward.
- 幕府の旗本は「侍」、御家人は「徒士」である。
- The hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of bakufu were 'samurai' and the gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were 'kachi.'
- 戦後も中央政権としての幕府の力は残っていた。
- Even after the Disturbance, the power of the bakufu as the central government remained.
- ただし、将軍の居所を「幕府」とは呼んでいる。
- However, they called the shogun's residence 'bakufu.'
- そして、山城国笠置山 (京都府)で挙兵した。
- Godaigo was in fact at Mount Kasagi in Yamashiro Province (Kyoto Prefecture), and there he raised an army.
- 二上山万葉の森や大阪府立近つ飛鳥博物館もある。
- A forest park named 'Manyo Forest on Mt. Nijo' and Osaka Prefectural Chikatsu-Asuka Museum are located there, too.
- 範囲は京都府中部から滋賀県の琵琶湖南岸に及ぶ。
- It ranges from the central part of Kyoto Prefecture to the south bank of Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture.
- 京都市と大津市の2つの都道府県庁所在地を含む。
- It embraces two prefectural capitals namely Kyoto City and Otsu City.
- 都道府県と対等の関係にあり、市・町と並立する。
- A village is treated equally to a prefecture, city, and town.
- また、軍事拠点として関内道の総監府が置かれた。
- Also, as a military base, the Headquarters of 関内道 was placed.
- 1958年4月1日- 大阪府高槻市に編入合併。
- April 1, 1958: Kashida Village was absorbed into Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 一色氏と斯波の軍勢が加勢して幕府軍は盛り返す。
- The forces of the Isshiki clan and the Shiba clan joined, and the bakufu army reversed the tide.
- また、室町幕府は土倉を保護すると共に統制した。
- The Muromachi bakufu protected doso while controlling them.
- 54. 伏見宿 (京街道)(京都府京都市伏見区)
- 54. Fushimi-juku Station (Kyo Kaido Road) (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 榎本武揚らは新政府軍に降伏し戊辰戦争は終結した。
- Takeaki ENOMOTO as well as others surrendered to the new government's forces, and the Boshin War ended.
- 義時はこれを幕府の根幹を揺るがすとして拒否する。
- Yoshitoki, who saw these requests as shaking the very foundations of shogunal authority, refused.
- 伊根湾(いねわん)は京都府与謝郡伊根町にある湾。
- Ine Bay is a bay located in Ine Town, Yosa County, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 府県別の昼間人口と夜間人口(2005年国勢調査)
- Daytime population and night-time population by prefecture (from the 2005 national census)
- 京都府道・福井県道21号舞鶴野原港高浜線(重複)
- Kyoto Prefectural Road and Fukui Prefectural Road 21 Maizuru-Noharako-Takahama Line (duplicated)
- さらに楠木軍は一部が打って出て幕府軍を奇襲した。
- A portion of the Kusunoki army charged, attempting a surprise attack on the bakufu army.
- 1613年(慶長18) 江戸幕府が奈良奉行を置く。
- 1613: The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) created a post of Nara bugyo (magistrate).
- 京都府道783号・滋賀県道782号宇治田原大石東線
- Kyoto Prefectural Road 783 and Shiga Prefectural Road 782, Ujitawara Oishihigashi Line
- 白鳥峠(しらとりとうげ)とは京都府舞鶴市にある峠。
- Shiratori-toge Pass is a pass located in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 愛宕山 (福知山市2) - 京都府福知山市にある。
- Atago-yama (Fukuchiyama City 2) - It is located in Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- ここは後に「大蔵(倉)幕府」と呼ばれるようになる。
- The residence later came to be called 'Okura bakufu.'
- 毛島(けしま)は、京都府舞鶴市に存在する島である。
- Ke-shima Island is an island that belongs to Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 武田信虎が甲斐一国を統一し、甲府を本拠地と定めた。
- Nobutora TAKEDA unified the whole Kai Province and made Kofu his base.
- 結果、江戸幕府は院政の存在を黙認せざるをえなくなる。
- As a result, Edo Bakufu had no choice but to tolerate the existence of insei.
- 室町幕府が成立すると、鎌倉幕府の守護制度を継承した。
- The shugo system of the Kamakura shogunate was inherited when the Muromachi shogunate was established.
- - 京都府福知山市に大江町、三和町、夜久野町を編入。
- Oe-cho, Miwa-cho, and Yakuno-cho were incorporated into Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 現在の愛知県豊川市国府町(こうちょう)辺りにあたる。
- It was located around present-day Ko-cho, Toyokawa City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 滋賀県道・京都府道3号大津南郷宇治線(宇治川ライン)
- Shiga and Kyoto Prefectural Road 3 Otsu-Nango-Uji Line (also known as Uji-gawa River Line)
- 天王山(てんのうざん)は、京都府乙訓郡大山崎町の山。
- Mt. Tenno is a mountain in Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 8.ここに開きし頼朝が 幕府のあとは何(いず)かたぞ
- The 8th verse: where are the remains of the bakufu established by Yoritomo here
- 百井峠(京都府京都市左京区大原百井町・同区鞍馬本町)
- Momoi-toge Pass (Ohara-Momoi-cho, and Kurama-honmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture)
- 狭間峠(はざまとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区に在る峠。
- Hazama Pass is a pass in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』(略称「角川」)
- 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' ('Kadokawa' for short)
- 江戸幕府の幕藩体制の秩序を守るために利用されていた。
- This ranking system was used by the Edo bakufu to maintain its bakuhan taisei (feudal system characteristic of the shogunate).
- 幕府に帰参していた山名時熙が50騎を率いて参戦した。
- Tokihiro YAMANA, who had been serving the bakufu, entered the battle with 50 cavalrymen.
- 軍勢の中からは脱落して幕府方に降参する者も出始める。
- Some men from his army began to drop out and surrender to the bakufu.
- 明応の政変により中央政権としての幕府体制が瓦解した。
- However, the bakufu system as the central government fell down because of the Coup of Meio.
- どの幕府も形式上は将軍の家政機関の形態をとっていた。
- All the bakufu formally functioned as a domestic organization of shogun.
- 一揆の発生は幕府よりの改易、取り潰しの理由となった。
- The bakufu would demote or expel an official if an uprising broke out.
- 実際鎌倉幕府の有力御家人の多くは在庁官人出身である。
- In fact, many leading gokenin (retainers) of the Kamakura bakufu were from the zaichokanjin.
- 特に海軍は旧幕府軍のみが持っていた強力な戦力であった。
- The Navy, in particular, was a strong military force that only the former Shogunate forces possessed.
- 慶応4年4月3日 (旧暦) 近藤勇、新政府軍に投降する
- April 3 1868, Isami KONDO surrendered to the army of the new government.
- その後、幕府配下になると、各隊士は幕府から給料を得た。
- Subsequently, when they became vassals of the shogunate, each member received wages from the shogunate.
- その時、石見国の住人200騎が幕府軍に内応してしまう。
- At that moment, the 200 soldiers from Iwami Province defected and joined the shogunal force.
- 義弘は幕府軍の北側の陣へ斬り込み日本刀を振るって奮戦。
- He cut his way into the battle lines of the shogunal army on the north side of the city, striking left and right with his katana in fierce fighting.
- 新政府の重鎮、西郷隆盛によって、寛大な処分がとられた。
- Lenient treatment was given by Takamori SAIGO, an important figure in the new government.
- 京都府と福井県を結ぶ街道である周山街道上の難所である。
- This pass is a chokepoint on the Shuzan-kaido Road, which connects Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture.
- 幕府権力の発露の末端である御家人も武家と呼ばれ始めた。
- Furthermore, the term also came to encompass gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogun in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods) who were regarded as the rank and file of the bakufu that enforced the influence of the bakufu.
- 主として対馬府中藩が江戸幕府と李氏朝鮮の仲介を行った。
- The Tsushima-fuchu Domain played a principal intermediary role between the Edo bakufu and Yi Dynasty Korea.
- 幕府はこれに窮し、管領畠山満家に命じて制圧に乗り出す。
- The pinched bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ordered Mitsuike HATAKEYAMA, kanrei (shogunal deputy) to repress them.
- 室町幕府が成立すると要地となり鎌倉府に管理される。が、
- After the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was managed by the Kamakurafu (local government office Muromachi bakufu in Kamakura) as an important place.
- (幕府という形態はこの後、備後の鞆の浦に細々と続く)。
- (The form of bakufu barely continued in Tomonoura in Bingo.)
- そのため幕府が度々諸大名に配下の徹底管理を命じている。
- The bakufu often ordered feudal lords to thoroughly supervise samurai under their command.
- 近衛府藤原良相が近衛府の兵を率いて皇太子の座所を包囲。
- FUJIWARA no Yoshimi, belonging to the Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), and troops of Konoefu led by Yoshimi besieged the zasho (a room for a noble person) of the crown prince.
- 新政府の東海道軍はわずか一日の戦いで彰義隊を壊滅させた。
- The Tosando-gun army of the new government's forces crushed the Shogitai in a matter of just one day.
- 慶応4年4月12日 (旧暦) 土方歳三、旧幕府軍に加わる
- April 12 1868, Toshizo HIJIKATA joined the army of the former shogunate.
- 明治2年5月18日 (旧暦) 旧幕府軍降伏 戊辰戦争終結
- May 18 1869, the army of the former shogunate surrendered, and the Boshin War ended.
- 堺では幕府軍の総攻撃を撃退した大内勢が意気を揚げていた。
- Back in Sakai, morale among the Ouchi forces jumped after they repulsed the general assault launched by the shogunal army.
- 磐城平藩 - 新政府に7万両を献納し、所領安堵となった。
- Iwakitaira Domain: 70 thousand ryo was proffered to the new government, and the territory became an authorized one.
- 同書は資料性は高いものの、幕府寄りの視点で書かれている。
- It is valuable as a historical resource, but is written from a viewpoint that leans towards the bakufu.
- 日本は相手にせず、韓国政府は馬山市に対して撤回を求めた。
- However, Japan did not escalate matters, so the South Korean government sought to have the decision made by the city of Masan repealed.
- いわゆる外様家臣は幕府の職につくことを潔しとしなかった。
- For vassals of collateral line, they was too proud to take a post of bakufu.
- その後、榎本武揚が率いる幕府所有の軍艦で江戸へと移動した。
- Subsequently, they moved to Edo on a war ship owned by the shogunate and headed by Takeaki ENOMOTO.
- 室町幕府(むろまちばくふ)は、足利尊氏が創設した武家政権。
- Muromachi Bakufu was a samurai government established by Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- 時清の軍勢は幕府軍の陣を次々に打ち破るが力尽きて退却した。
- Tokikiyo's force smashed the camps of the shogunal army one after the other, but exhausted their strength and were forced to withdraw.
- 使節遵行とは幕府の判決内容を現地で強制執行することである。
- The shisetsu-jungyo was intended to enforce the shogunate's decision in the field.
- その上で建武式目を制定し、施政方針を定め正式に幕府を開く。
- Additionally, Takauji enacted the Kenmu Code, established an administrative policy and formally created a shogunate.
- 相馬中村藩 - 新政府に1万両を献納し、所領安堵となった。
- Soma-Nakamura Domain: 10 thousand ryo was proffered to the new government, and the territory became an authorized one.
- 討幕の流説が流れ、朝廷と幕府の対決は不可避の情勢となった。
- Rumors of a plot to overthrow the shogunate began to circulate, until things reached the point that a confrontation between the Court and the shogunate was unavoidable.
- 三河国(現在の愛知県の東部)の国府の有った所を三府という。
- The place where the ancient provincial capital of Mikawa Province (present-day east of Aichi Prefecture) was located is called Sanpu.
- 小塩山(おしおやま)は、京都府京都市西京区にある山である。
- Mt. Oshio is a mountain located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 国府に限らず、律令制時代の日本では役所の建物を曹司という。
- The building of the government office including Kokufu was called 'Zoshi' (曹司) in Japan at the Ritsuryo period (period governed by Ritsuryo system).
- 国府は室町時代に完全に消滅し、ほとんどが所在不明となった。
- Kokufu was entirely extinct in the Muromachi period, whose location became uncertain.
- 水運のために国府津と呼ばれる港が設けられることも多かった。
- Port, called 'Kozu,' was often established for water transportation.
- 役所や工房で働く人には、国厨(国府厨)から給食が出された。
- 'Kuninokuriya' (also called 'Kokufukuriya,' a kitchen of 'Kokufu') provided meals for people working at offices and workshops.
- 愛宕山 (京都市) - 京都府京都市右京区の北西部にある。
- Atago-yama (Kyoto City) - It is located in the northwestern part of Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 江文峠(えぶみとうげ)は京都府京都市左京区にある峠である。
- Ebumi-toge pass is a pass located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 幕府軍の死者は260人余、山名軍の死者は879人であった。
- There were 260 deaths from the bakufu army and there were 879 deaths from the Yamana army.
- 幕府は納銭方と呼ばれる役職を設けてこれらの徴税にあたった。
- The bakufu formed Nosenkata (an institution for collecting taxes from moneylenders and sake breweries) and collected taxes from these institutions.
- 原則として9月中旬から11月30日までに国府へ納入された。
- As a rule, So was presented to kokufu (provincial office) from mid-September through November 30 (old calendar).
- 以後、延暦寺などの寺社と幕府の間で激しい駆け引きが行わた。
- This was followed by intense bargaining between the bakufu and temples including Enryaku-ji Temple.
- 天皇親政を理想に掲げ、鎌倉幕府の打倒を密かに目指していた。
- Emperor Godaigo espoused the ideal of direct administration by the Emperor, but he harbored the aim of overthrowing the Kamakura bakufu.
- 庄内藩の郷士・清河八郎の建策を幕府が受け入れてのものだった。
- This was because the shogunate accepted a proposal by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, a Goshi of the Shonai Clan.
- 11月29日、幕府軍が一斉に鬨の声をあげて総攻撃を開始した。
- On January 3, 1400, the shogunal army all simultaneously let out a battle cry and began a general frontal assault.
- ここに幕府・北朝側は深刻な政治的危機に直面することになった。
- This led to a serious political crisis for the bakufu/Northern Court side.
- - 京都府丹波町、瑞穂町、和知町が新設合併し京丹波町が発足。
- Tanba-cho, Mizuho-cho and Wachi-cho, in Kyoto Prefecture were consolidated and Kyotanba-cho came into being.
- 唐の開元元年に雍州は京兆府と改められ、州名としては消滅した。
- In 713 of Tang dynasty, Yong Zhou was renamed as Jingzhaofu and the province name Yong Zhou disappeared accordingly.
- 標高363mの京都府道31号西陣杉坂線上に位置する峠である。
- It is the pass located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 31 Nishijin-Sugisaka Line at an altitude of 363 meters.
- 標高446mの京都府道31号西陣杉坂線上に位置する峠である。
- It is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 31 Nishijin-Sugisaka Line, at an altitude of 446 meters.
- 鎌倉幕府が滅亡した後、天皇親政である建武の新政が開始された。
- After the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, the Kenmu Restoration, which was a direct rule by the emperor, started.
- 守る幕府軍は細川、畠山氏、京極氏の3000騎で激戦となった。
- The bakufu army on the defense consisted of 3000 cavalrymen of Hosokawa, Hatakeyama and Kyogoku clans, and the battle became fierce.
- 大政奉還、王政復古 (日本)により江戸幕府が消滅すると解散。
- The organization was dissolved when the Edo bakufu ceased to exist by Taisei Hokan (the Return of Political Power to the Emperor) and Osei Fukko (the Restoration of Imperial Rule).
- 歴史学上日本には、幕府は鎌倉幕府と室町幕府と江戸幕府がある。
- In the history of Japan, there have been Kamakura bakufu, Muromachi bakufu, and Edo bakufu.
- そのため、幕府で要職を占めるのは将軍家の譜代家臣達であった。
- Therefore, the important posts in the bakufu were occupied by shogun family's hereditary vassals.
- こうした土一揆の頻発は、幕府権力の弱体化をもたらしていった。
- The frequent occurrence of tsuchi-ikki undermined the power of the bakufu.
- また、幕府の規制によって自由な開業や廃業を認めていなかった。
- The bakufu's regulations did not permit doso to begin or discontinue business at will.
- 鎌倉時代後期、鎌倉幕府では北条氏得宗家が権勢を振るっていた。
- In the late Kamakura period, the Tokuso family of the Hojo clan exercised authority over the Kamakura bakufu.
- まず幕府軍は正成の配下の平野将監らが守る上赤坂城へ向かった。
- First, the bakufu army headed for Kami-Akasaka-jo Castle, which was being defended by the Masashige vassal Shogen HIRANO.
- 大総督府は長州藩士大村益次郎を軍防事務局判事として赴任させた。
- The supreme commander's office appointed Masujiro OMURA, a retainer of the Choshu Domain, as the Hanji (top job) of the Defense Secretariat (軍防事務局判事).
- 幕府から自治権を委ねられて、領主・代官の町方支配の一翼を担う。
- With the autonomy delegated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the family contributed to ruling by a feudal lord and local governors over people in the town.
- 榎本武揚ら一部の旧幕府軍は、8月旧幕府艦隊を率いて江戸を脱出。
- A part of the former Shogunate forces, including Takeaki ENOMOTO, led the fomer Shogunate warships and fled from Edo in October.
- また国分寺や総社のあった場所に国府もあったと見る説などがある。
- Furthermore, there is a theory that Kokufu was also located at the site where Kokubun-ji Temple and So-ja shrine were constructed.
- 又、江戸幕府は京都所司代・京都町奉行を設置して直轄下に置いた。
- The Edo bakufu also placed Kyoto under its direct control by creating the posts of Kyoto shoshidai (Kyoto deputy), and Kyoto machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Kyoto).
- 室町時代には鎌倉府は京都の幕府と対立し、永享の乱などが起こる。
- During the Muromachi period, the Kamakura Government and Bakufu in Kyoto competed with each other resulting in conflicts such as the Eikyo War.
- 国道162号 - 京都府道61号 - 井戸峠 - 国道477号
- From National Highway 162 through Kyoto Prefectural Road 61 and Ido-toge Pass to National Highway 477.
- 国道477号 - 京都府道61号 - 井戸峠 - 国道162号
- From National Route 477 through Kyoto Prefectural Road 61 and Ido-toge Pass to National Route 162.
- 標高310mの京都府道366号塔下弓削線上に位置する峠である。
- It is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 366 Toshimo-yuge Line at an altitude of 310 meters.
- 1958年4月1日、大阪府高槻市と府を越えた市町村合併をした。
- On April 1, 1958, its municipal merger with Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, was conducted across the prefectural border.
- 前坂(まえさか)は京都府京都市北区 (京都市)にある峠である。
- Maesaka Pass is a pass in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 前島埠頭(まえじまふとう)は、京都府舞鶴市にある舞鶴港の埠頭。
- Maejima Wharf is located in Maizuru Port in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- しかし、山名時氏のとき鎌倉幕府に対する足利尊氏の挙兵に従った。
- However, during Tokiuji YAMANA's era, the clan sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA, who raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu.
- 当時の人々は鎌倉や室町の中央政庁を「幕府」と呼んだことはない。
- People in those days never called the central government office of Kamakura or Muromachi 'bakufu.'
- 室町幕府は本来、土倉から土倉役、酒屋から酒屋役を徴収していた。
- The Muromachi bakufu originally collected a tax called doso-yaku from doso and a tax called sakaya-yaku from breweries.
- 戦争終結までほぼ一貫して新政府軍の優勢のうちに戦いが進められた。
- The new government's forces consistently dominated the battles until the end of the war.
- 明治元年10月26日 (旧暦) 旧幕府軍、箱館・五稜郭へ入城する
- October 26 1868, army of the former shogunate entered Goryokaku, in Hakodate.
- 恩賞方は鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加したものに対する論功行賞を処理。
- The Rewards Office handled the conferral of honors and awards to those who had participated in the campaign to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- 府中は中世・近世に生まれた地名で、当時の国府・守護所に由来する。
- '府中' (Fuchu) is a place name created in the Medieval and early Modern periods, derived from Kokufu and Shugo-sho (governor's office).
- 北条高時ら一族家臣は菩提寺の東勝寺で自害し、鎌倉幕府は崩壊した。
- With suicides by Takatoki HOJO along with members of the clan and subordinates in their family temple Tosho-ji Temple, the Kamakura Bakufu fell.
- これは幕府によって宗氏の力量が試されたという側面も存在している。
- This included the aspect that the ability of the So clan was to be checked by the bakufu.
- その影響で、鎌倉幕府の正史である『吾妻鏡』も日記体をとっている。
- Affected by such a situation, 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the east), an official history of the Kamakura bakufu, was written in a diary style as well.
- 保則は小野春風の起用を願い、6月、春風は鎮守府将軍に任命される。
- He requested the appointment of ONO no Harukaze, and in June Harukaze was appointed as the shogun of the chinju-fu (military government post to subdue the Emishi).
- ただし、江戸幕府が認めた例は違い、当該領内のみ有効とされていた。
- However, the right given in such a way was effective only in the territory, and was not admitted by the Edo bakufu.
- 幕府軍は強風に乗じて城中に火を放ち、矢倉を倒して激しく攻め寄せた。
- Taking advantage of a strong wind, the shogunal forces were able to set fires within the castle, and they pressed their assault furiously, knocking down all the watchtowers they could.
- その後、彼らの多くは乞われて新政府に出仕し、新政府の要職に就いた。
- After that, they were asked to work for the new government, and were appointed to high-ranking positions.
- 幕府軍は寺社や京方の公家・武士の屋敷に火を放ち、略奪暴行を働いた。
- The shogunal forces set ablaze both temples and shrines and the homes of court nobles and warriors in the capital faction, and began to pillage the city.
- 幕府は新しい鎌倉殿として雅成親王を迎えたいと後鳥羽上皇に申し出る。
- The shogunate submitted a request to the retired Emperor Gotoba that his son, Imperial Prince Masanari, be sent to Kamakura as the new Shogun.
- 笠置山(かさぎやま)は、京都府相楽郡笠置町にある標高290mの山。
- Mt. Kasagi is a mountain located in Kasagi-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture, at a height of 290 meters above sea level.
- 国分寺に由来すると思われる国分(こくぶ)を国府に変更した例もある。
- Some of the '国分' (Kokubu), which is assumably derived from Kokubun-ji Temple, changed their name to '国府'.
- 大阪府北部の最高峰でもあり、標高の高さの割に良い展望を有している。
- It is also the highest in north Osaka and offers a nice view despite its height.
- また、荒廃した京の都を逃れた多数の公家や文化人が駿府に居を移した。
- Many court nobles and men of culture escaped from devastated capital Kyoto and moved to Sunpu.
- 綴喜郡(つづきぐん、つづきのこおり)は、京都府・山城国の郡である。
- Tsuzuki county (or tsuzuki-no-kori) is a county of Yamashiro Province in Kyoto Prefecture.
- その後、江戸幕府の天領となり、1795年に五條代官所が設置された。
- Afterward, it became owned by the shogunate of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and the Gojo daikansho was established in 1795.
- 西端の外畑(とのはた)、出灰(いずりは)地区は大阪府と接している。
- The Tonohata and Izuriha districts on the western edge are bordered by Osaka Prefecture.
- 武家(ぶけ)とは、幕府権力の総称、将軍家、または武士一般を指す語。
- The word 'buke' refers to the collection of various powers which support the authority of a bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and this word sometimes also refers to a Shogun family or general samurai.
- 後に、対馬藩家老であった柳川調興は国書偽造の事実を幕府に明かした。
- Later, Shigeoki YANAGAWA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima Domain, admitted to the bakufu the fact that the sovereign's message was forged.
- このことが、国内的に大々的に喧伝され、幕府権威の高揚に利用された。
- This visit to the shrine was publicized widely, being used for enhancing the prestige of the bakufu.
- 江戸時代には江戸幕府の管理下に金座・銀座 (歴史)などが作られた。
- During the Edo period, the kin-za (literally, gold za, or gold mint) and the gin-za (literally, silver za, or silver mint) were established under the control of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- そこで政府は新たな推進策として743年に墾田永年私財法を発布した。
- Then the government promulgated Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them permanently) as a new promotion program in 743.
- 義視は、義尚誕生のときから幕府に身の置き場所をなくしていたのである。
- Since the very moment of the birth of Yoshihisa, Yoshimi had virtually lost his place in the Bakufu.
- 朝廷からの攘夷願いを無視できず、幕府は形式的な攘夷命令を諸藩に下す。
- Bakufu could not ignore the Imperial Court's request for the expulsion of foreigners, and superficially it ordered various clans to conduct the above.
- 柏原市役所・国豊橋北詰・JR高井田駅 (大阪府柏原市)(右岸ルート)
- Kashiwara City Hall, the northern end of Kunitoyo-bashi Bridge and Japan Railway Takaida Station (Kashiwara City, Osaka Prefecture) (the right side bank route)
- 幕府内部では高一族の滅亡後も直義派と反直義派との対立構造は存在した。
- Even after the decline of the Ko clan, there was conflict between the Tadayoshi group and the anti-Tadayoshi group within the bakufu.
- 愛宕山 (舞鶴市西舞鶴) - 京都府舞鶴市の西舞鶴市街地西部にある。
- Atago-san (Nishimaizuru, Maizuru City) - It is located on the western side of the urban area of Nishimaizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 榎峠(えのきとうげ)は、兵庫県丹波市と京都府福知山市との境にある峠。
- It is a pass on the border between Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture and Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- また京都府北部では唯一の私立中学校や、北近畿初の4年制大学を有する。
- Also in Fukuchiyama City, there are the only private junior high school in the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture and the first four-year college founded in the northern Kinki area.
- 現在は役所群のほうを国衙、都市のほうを国府と分けて用いることもある。
- At present, the word 'Kokuga' is sometimes used for the government offices only, as well as 'Kokufu' for urban areas in historical study.
- 国庁とその周りの役所群、都市域を総称して国衙(こくが)、国府という。
- Kokucho and the surrounding government offices as well as its urban area were collectively called Kokuga or Kokufu.
- 菅坂峠(すがさかとうげ)とは京都府舞鶴市と綾部市の間にある峠である。
- Sugasaka-toge Pass is a mountain pass located between Maizuru City and Ayabe City in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 愛宕山 (福知山市1) - 京都府福知山市の福知山市街地東側にある。
- Atago-yama (Fukuchiyama City 1) - It is located on the eastern side of the urban area of Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 花脊峠(はなせとうげ)は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
- Hanase-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 百井峠(ももいとうげ)は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
- Momoi-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 福井県道・京都府道772号高浜舞鶴線上にある標高154mの峠である。
- It is the pass located on Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 Takahama-Maizuru Line at an altitude of 154 meters.
- 農業や治水面での不作為が原因で、現地の住民や政府・行政に責任がある。
- It has been caused because no appropriate actions have been taken for farming and controlling water, and the responsibility resides in the residents, governments and administrations concerned.
- 幕府権力は著しく低下し、全国各地に戦国大名と呼ばれる勢力が出現した。
- The power of the bakufu had been significantly weakened, and sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku Period) emerged in various places all over Japan.
- 「幕」は帳幕・天幕を意味し、「府」は王室等の財宝や文書を収める場所。
- 'Baku' means curtain or tent and 'fu' means a place where treasure and documents of the royal family, etc. are kept.
- これは旧幕府と上級公家を廃して薩長派を中心とした新体制の内容であった。
- This was the core of the new regime based on the Sat-Cho group, but exclusive of the former Shogunate and upper-class court nobles.
- この戦い以後、江戸以東における新政府に対する集団的な抵抗はなくなった。
- After the battle, no mass revolt against the new government took place in the area to the east of Edo.
- 江戸時代は、当初は松倉氏の大和五条藩領地、後に天領(江戸幕府直轄領)。
- During the Edo period, Ano was originally the land of Yamato Gojo Domain of the Matsukura clan, and later became the shogunal demesne (land directly controlled by Edo bakufu).
- 裏白峠(うらじろとうげ)は滋賀県甲賀市と京都府宇治田原町の間にある峠。
- Urajiro-toge Pass is a pass located between Koga City in Shiga Prefecture and Ujitawara Town in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 廃藩置県時、山崎の地名を大阪府・京都府のどちらが継承するかが争われた。
- At the time of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture fought over the right to inherit the name of Yamazaki.
- 2007年現在までに国府位置が判明した国は多いが、なお不明の所もある。
- As of 2007, the number of Kokufu whose location was identified is substantial, nevertheless some Kokufu have not yet been identified.
- 深山(みやま)は大阪府豊能郡能勢町と京都府南丹市との境界に位置する山。
- Mt. Miyama is a mountain which is located in the boundary between Nose-cho, Toyono-gun, Osaka Prefecture and Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 湾奥には野田川 (京都府)が流入し、宮津湾とは狭い水道でのみつながる。
- In the closed-section of the bay the Noda-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) flows out, and the sea water of Miyazu Bay flows in and out only through a narrow aqueduct.
- 樫田村(かしだむら)は、京都府の南西部、南桑田郡に属していた村である。
- Kashida Village was a village belonged to Minami-kuwada County, the southwestern part of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 九鬼ヶ坂(くきがさか)は京都府南丹市美山町 (京都府)上平屋にある峠。
- Kukiga-saka Slope is a pass in Kamihiraya, Miyama-cho, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 井戸峠(いどとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区にある主要地方道上の峠である。
- Ido-toge Pass is a pass on a major local road in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- ←西今出川通り(京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線)千本今出川・北野白梅町
- To the west: Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) leads to Senbon-Imadegawa and Kitano-Hakubai-cho.
- 京見峠(きょうみとうげ)は京都府京都市北区 (京都市)にある峠である。
- Kyomi-toge Pass is the pass that runs in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 区の東は京都府と滋賀県の府県境をなし、滋賀県大津市及び高島市に接する。
- Its eastern part is the border between the prefectures of Kyoto and Shiga, bordering the Cities of Otsu and Takashima, Shiga Prefecture.
- 『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』では山間部に位置する無人町とする。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), they are mountainous areas uninhabited.
- 京都市中心部から東山 (京都府)を越えた東、滋賀県との県境に位置する。
- Yamashina Ward is located on the east side of Higashiyama Ward (Kyoto Prefecture), on the prefecture's border with Shiga.
- 日本国王使の派遣には朝鮮王朝が室町幕府に発行する象牙符が必要であった。
- They needed ivory checks issued by the Korean Dynasty to the Muromachi bakufu to dispatch royal envoys.
- 11世紀ごろから、中央政府の有力者へ田地を寄進する動きが見られ始める。
- From around the eleventh century, the rice-field donation to the powerful men in the central government started.
- 庄内藩は4月24日、清川口から侵攻してきた新政府軍と戦闘に突入していた。
- The Shonai Domain had been engaged in a battle since May 16 with the new government's forces advancing from Kiyokawaguchi.
- 西側、太子町 (大阪府)付近は、「近つ飛鳥」(河内飛鳥)と呼ばれている。
- The area near Taishi-cho (Osaka Prefecture) on its west side is called 'Chikatsu Asuka' (Kawachiasuka).
- 京滋奈(けいじな)とは、京都府と滋賀県と奈良県を併せた地域のことである。
- Keijina is a term referring to the area combining Kyoto Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, and Nara Prefecture.
- 和名類聚抄が国府があった郡を伝えるが、それ以上に絞り込むのは難しかった。
- Wamyo-ruijusho (Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters) introduces the county where Kokufu existed, however further details were difficult to obtain.
- また工房があって、国府勤務の官人の需要に応じ、都に送る調庸物を生産した。
- Moreover, there was also a workshop in Kokufu, where choyobutsu (national tax) for the central government was produced in compliance with the requests of officers working at the Kokufu.
- 駿府(すんぷ)は、駿河国の国府が置かれた都市で駿河国の府中のことである。
- Sunpu was the city in which kokufu (ancient provincial capital) of Suruga Province was located and fuchu (provincial city which consists of local governments as the core of the city) of Suruga Province.
- また、峰山藩京極家からは幾人もの若年寄が出て、江戸幕府の中枢で活躍した。
- The Kyogoku clan of the Mineyama Domain produced a lot of 'wakadoshiyori' (a managerial position in Edo bakufu) and they worked actively in the inner circle of the government.
- 芹生峠(せりょうとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区と同市左京区に跨る峠である。
- Seryo-toge is a pass across Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Sakyo Ward of the same city.
- 1200年ごろ、後鳥羽天皇が鎌倉幕府の軍事力に対抗して結成したとされる。
- It is said that it was organized by the Emperor Gotoba in around 1200 to counter the military force organized by the Kamakura bakufu.
- そのため、各地は国府が管理する国衙領と私有地である荘園にほぼ二分される。
- As a result, all over Japan jurisdiction over land was split roughly in half, with half remaining under control of the various provincial governments as 'kokugaryo' (public territories) and half becoming shoen (private estates).
- しかし、当時は室町幕府の全盛期であったため、これに抗うことは出来なかった
- However, the bakufu was very strong at the time, and temples could not mount an opposition.
- 紀伊郡(きいのこおり、きいぐん)は山城国・京都府にかつて存在した郡である。
- Kii-gun (or Kii-no-kori) was a county once existed in Yamashiro Province, in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 愛宕山 (舞鶴市東舞鶴) - 京都府舞鶴市の東舞鶴市街地から北寄りにある。
- Atago-san (Higashimaizuru, Maizuru City) - It is located in a place to the north of the urban area of Higashimaizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 幕府軍3万余騎は堺を包囲し、海上は四国・淡路島の海賊100余艘が封鎖した。
- The shogunal army of about 30,000 horsemen surrounded Sakai and laid siege to it, while at sea, pirates from Shikoku and Awaji Island blockaded Sakai's harbor with a fleet of more than 100 ships.
- 元来、江戸幕府においては京都所司代・京都町奉行が治安維持の任についていた。
- Originally, Kyoto shoshidai and Kyoto machibugyo (Kyoto town magistrate) held the post to maintain order in the town under the Edo bakufu.
- 胤義からの密書を受けた三浦義村は使者を追い返し、直ちに密書を幕府に届けた。
- Yoshimura MIURA, after receiving the secret message from Taneyoshi, chased off the messenger and immediately sent the secret message on to the shogunate.
- 京方の使者はその少し後に到着し、警戒していた幕府方に捕らえられてしまった。
- The envoys from the capital faction arrived somewhat after these missives, so the samurai of the shogunate, forewarned, were able to capture the Imperial envoys.
- 大岩山(おおいわやま)とは、京都府京都市伏見区と山科区南西部にまたがる山。
- Mt. Oiwa is a mountain extending over Fushimi Ward and the south-western part of Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 古代の国府は現代では国府と書いて「こう」と読む地名として全国に残っている。
- An ancient Kokufu remains nationwide as a place name '国府' in Chinese characters, which is pronounced 'Ko.'
- 嵐山温泉(あらしやまおんせん)は、京都府京都市右京区嵐山にある温泉である。
- Arashiyama-onsen Hot Spring is a spa situated in Arashiyama, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 源泉所在 京都市西京区嵐山上河原町1番2 (京都府嵐山公園管理事務所東側)
- The fountainhead is at 1-2, Kamikawara-cho, Arashiyama, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City (east side of the Kyoto Arashiyama koen park office).
- 承久の乱を契機に鎌倉幕府は京に六波羅探題を設置して、公家勢力の監視を行う。
- In the wake of the Jokyu War, the Kamakura bakufu established Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) in Kyo, and monitored the power held by court nobles.
- 市内全域を、丹後海陸交通(丹海バス・本社:京都府与謝野町)が担当している。
- Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. (Tankai Bus, the central ofice: Yosano-cho, Kyoto Prefecture) was in charge of the entire city.
- 江戸幕府を開いた家康が隠居すると、再び駿府城に居住して大御所が展開された。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who established the Edo bakufu, lived in Sunpu after his retirement and operated ogosho (bakufu ruled by the retired Shogun).
- 深見峠(ふかみとうげ)は、京都府京都市右京区と同府南丹市を隔てる峠である。
- Fukami-toge Pass is a pass separating Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City and Nantan City, both in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 前ヶ畑峠(まえがはたとうげ)は京都府京都市左京区内にある国道上の峠である。
- Maegahata-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 区内には他に相国寺、北野天満宮、同志社大学キャンパス、京都府庁などがある。
- Other places in Kamigyo Ward include Shokoku-ji Temple, Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine, Doshisha University Campus, and Kyoto Prefectural Government.
- 二代征夷大将軍足利義詮の時代に切り取った領国の安堵を条件に室町幕府に帰順。
- The clan submitted to the Muromachi bakufu during the era of the second seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, with a condition that the clan was guaranteed territory which had been taken away.
- 奥州藤原氏の滅亡後、鎌倉幕府は関東の武士を送り込んで陸奥・出羽を支配した。
- After the destruction of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, Kamakura bakufu took over the Mutsu and Dewa provinces by sending samurai into the Kanto region.
- 1346年、幕府は守護に対して、刈田狼藉の取締と使節遵行の権限を付与した。
- In 1346, the bakufu gave to shugos the power and authority of control of karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally) and of shisetsu jungyo (process for implementing bakufu's decision on conflicts regarding property ownership).
- 九州の武家は平家方だったため鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝からの信頼感は薄かった。
- As samurai in Kyushu supported Heike (Taira family), trust to them by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who established the Kamakura bakufu was weak.
- 律令上、租税の中でも正税は、地方機関(国府や郡家)の主要財源とされていた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, Shozei was regarded as the main financial resources for local administrative organizations (Kokufu and Gunke) among various land taxes.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府が各地に配置した地頭は、在庁官人の支配範囲へ侵出していく。
- However, jito (management post of shoen or public domain) located in various regions by the Kamakura bakufu began to penetrate the dominion of zaichokanjin.
- この墾田開発は、半ば、仏教興隆を目的とする律令政府が主導したものであった。
- Such development of arable land was promoted by the Ritsuryo code-based government to make Buddhism more prosperous.
- 旧幕府軍では、近藤勇らの率いる甲陽鎮撫隊を組織して甲府城を押さえようとした。
- The former Shogunate forces organized the Koyo-Chinbutai infantry led by the commanders such as Isami KONDO, and planned to seize Koshu Castle.
- 大和川付け替え後は必然的に河内国府を通らない大和川を越えないルートとなった。
- After the River Yamato was rerouted, it inevitably became a course which would neither pass through Kawachi Kokufu area nor cross the River Yamato.
- 激怒した室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義政は領主である延暦寺に堅田の処分を要求した。
- Sei taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians'), Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi bakufu was furious to hear that and ordered Enryaku-ji Temple, the lord of Katata, to punish Katata.
- 更に義満が日明貿易を始めると貿易そのものや抽分銭による収益も幕府収入となる。
- Furthermore, when Yoshimitsu initiated trade between Japan and Ming, profit by Chubunsen (抽分銭) also became the income of Bakufu.
- これに対抗するため、幕府は関東や陸奥の有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化した。
- To compete with such power, Bakufu directly hired strong local persons in the land of Kanto and Mutsu, as Kyoto Fuchi-shu.
- 義弘はなおも満家を討ち取ろうと戦い続け、幕府軍はこれを取り囲んで攻め立てた。
- Yoshihiro continued fighting, attempting to strike down Mitsuie, but the shogunal army surrounded him and launched an unrelenting assault.
- 宝剣はすぐに幕府の手で取り戻されたが、神璽は後南朝に持ち去られたままになる。
- The Sword was soon recovered by shogunal forces, but the gonancho forces were able to escape with the Grand Jewels.
- 吉坂峠(きっさかとうげ)とは、京都府舞鶴市と福井県大飯郡高浜町の境にある峠。
- The Kissaka-toge Pass is a pass located on the border between Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture and Takahama Town, Oi County, Fukui Prefecture.
- 国府の内と外を区分する外郭線は、国府が城柵に置かれたような例外を除き、ない。
- There was no border between the inside and outside of Kokufu except the case that Kokufu was established at Josaku.
- 国府は栗太郡勢多におかれ、1964年に現在の大津市三大寺で遺跡が発見された。
- Kokufu (provincial office) was placed in Seta, Kurita County and the remains of the office were found in the present Sandaiji, Otsu City in 1964.
- 展望台からは、大阪府側は関西国際空港や、その向こうの淡路島も見える事がある。
- At the viewing platform, Kansai International Airport, followed by Awaji-shima Island on the Osaka Prefecture side could be clearly viewed.
- 五條市は大阪府・和歌山県方面、吉野山地方面に向かう道路の結節点になっている。
- Gojo City is a hub for traffic from the roads heading toward Osaka Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture and Yoshino Mountains areas.
- 御経坂峠(みきょうざかとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区内にある国道上の峠である。
- Mikyozaka-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 栗尾峠(くりおとうげ)は京都府京都市右京区京北細野町にある国道上の峠である。
- Kurio-toge Pass is a pass on a national route in Kehoku-hosono-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- →東今出川通(京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線)出町柳・百万遍交差点・銀閣寺道
- To the east: Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) leads to Demachiyanagi, Hyakumanben Intersection and Ginkakuji-dori Street.
- 京都府北桑田郡京北町大字周山字上寺田 → 京都府京都市右京区京北周山町上寺田
- Aza Kamiterada, Oaza Shuzan, Keihoku Town, Kitakuwada County, Kyoto Prefecture' was changed to 'Kamiterada, Keihoku-Shuzan-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City'
- 幕府に氏清、満幸謀反の報が12月19日に丹後国と河内国の代官より伝えられた。
- The news of Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki's insurrection was passed on to the bakufu on January 21, 1392 through the local governors of Tamba and Kawachi Provinces.
- そのため、室町幕府は事実究明のため朝鮮へ使者を送り、その真偽を確かめさせた。
- Consequently, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) sent envoys to Korea to conduct an investigation into whether the rumors of a new invasion from mainland China were accurate, and had the envoys endeavor to get to the bottom of the matter.
- 途中、菅原道真が失脚して大宰府に左遷され、三統理平は転任して編纂から外れた。
- During this time, SUGAWARA no Michizane fell from grace and was demoted to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region), while MIMUNE no Masahira withdrew from its compilation due to reassignment.
- 後醍醐は幕府に釈明して赦されたものの、側近の日野資朝は佐渡島へ流罪となった。
- Godaigo vindicated himself to the bakufu and was pardoned, but his close adviser Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sadoga-shima Island.
- 社会的混乱から諸国では悪党の活動が活発化し、幕府は次第に支持を失っていった。
- That activated Akuto (a villain of the medieval times) in the respective provinces, and gradually the bakufu lost support.
- そして、明治新政府内で栄進したのは、後藤や板垣といった上士にほぼ限られている。
- Also, people who were successful within the new Meiji government were nearly all Joshi, such as Goto and Itagaki.
- 見廻組は新選組と共に一般犯罪者ではなく、反幕府勢力の取り締まりを専門に行った。
- Along with Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), Mimawarigumi specialized in clamping down on those forces which opposed the bakufu, and not offenders.
- しかし、いずれも新政府側から他の諸藩と同格とは見なされず恩恵を得られなかった。
- However, they were not equally treated as some other domains, and did not receive any privilege.
- 福知山都市圏(ふくちやまとしけん)は、京都府福知山市を中心とする都市圏である。
- The Fukuchiyama Urban Area includes Fukuchiyama City in Kyoto Prefecture and its surrounding area.
- 山のふもとから山頂まで舗装道である京都府道141号小塩山大原野線が通っている。
- A paved road, Kyoto Prefectural Road 141 Oshio-Oharano Line, runs from the foot to the top of the mountain.
- これら丘陵地の一部には天野川や木津川 (京都府)など淀川水系に注ぐ河川もある。
- A part of these hills includes rivers flowing into Yodo-gawa Water System such as Amano-gawa River and Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 江戸時代には幕府より厳しい政令が設けられ、神社の山札がないと入山出来なかった。
- In the Edo period, Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued a strict order that people are allowed to enter the mountain only when they had a tablet of the mountain (山札) from a shrine.
- 標高430mの京都府京都市右京区京北上弓削町と同区京北井戸町を隔てる峠である。
- It is the pass separating Keihoku-Kamiyuge-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City and Keihoku-Ido-cho, the same ward at an altitude of 430 meters.
- 笠峠(かさとうげ)は京都府京都市北区 (京都市)と同市右京区を隔てる峠である。
- Kasa-toge Pass is a pass separating Kita Ward and Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』によれば、上賀茂ケシ山付近の無人町である。
- According to 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu,' they are uninhabited towns located near Kamigamo Keshiyama.
- 室町幕府は土倉に対し、倉役(土倉役)と呼ばれる税を課し、主要財源の一つとなる。
- The Muromachi bakufu imposed a specific tax called kurayaku (also known as dosoyaku) on doso, and the tax was a major source of revenue for the bakufu.
- 尊氏の子である室町幕府第2代将軍足利義詮は正平一統を破棄し、再び北朝を擁立した。
- Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, who was a son of Takauji and the second shogun of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), revoked Shohei Itto and backed up the Northern Court again.
- 勝利を収めた清和源氏の頭領・源頼朝は、鎌倉に鎌倉幕府を開き武家政権を確立させる。
- The victorious leader of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), Yoritomo clans, created the warrior-based Kamakura shogunate in the city of Kamakura.
- 室町幕府の征夷大将軍は有力守護大名の連合に擁立されており、その権力は弱体だった。
- The Shoguns of the Muromachi bakufu had been courting an alliance with the most powerful of the shugo daimyo, because the shogunate's power and authority was still weak.
- 会津戦争での新政府軍による暴行・略奪などが各藩の「恨み」の理由として挙げられる。
- Violent assaults and pillage by the new government's forces in Aizu War are the reason for revenge of each domain.
- 京北町(けいほくちょう)は、2005年3月31日まで京都府北桑田郡に存在した町。
- Keihoku Town was a town which existed in Kitakuwada-gun, Kyoto Prefecture until March 31, 2005.
- 都道府県の面積一覧は全国で10番目に狭く、内陸県では奈良県、埼玉県に次いで狭い。
- The area of Shiga Prefecture is the tenth smallest in Japan, and the third, following Nara and Saitama Prefectures, of the inland prefectures.
- その後、東国に鎌倉幕府が成立すると、幕府および鎌倉殿を武家と称するようになった。
- After the Kamakura bakufu was established in the eastern part of Japan, the term 'buke' came to mean the bakufu and Kamakura-dono (the lord of Kamakura).
- 幼い親王に代わって実権は足利直義に握られ、やがて室町幕府の関東の出先機関となる。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA seized real power instead of a very young prince, and it later became the local office of the Muromachi bakufu in the Kanto region.
- 植林や農業指導については、非政府組織などの民間団体が関わったプロジェクトもある。
- Concerning planting trees and providing guidance for farming, there also exist projects participated in by private bodies, such as non-government organizations.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、幕府や武士の側から荘園領主を一括して本所と呼ぶ例が増えてくる。
- In the Kamakura period, there were more cases in which lords of a manor were collectively called honjo by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or samurai.
- 京へ納入され中央政府の主要財源として、官人の給与(位禄・季禄)などに充てられた。
- Delivered to the capital, Cho was allotted to the salary for the government official (Iroku [stipends paid to people who were in the fourth rank and the fifth rank]) and kiroku [salary paid to the officers under the ritsuryo system]), etc. as the main financial resources of the central government.
- 幕府は大仏貞直、金沢貞冬、足利尊氏(後の尊氏)、新田義貞らの討伐軍を差し向けた。
- The bakufu dispatched the punitive force that had been formed by Sadanao OSARAGI, Sadafuyu KANAZAWA, Takauji ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA.
- 上赤坂城の守りは堅く幕府軍も苦戦するが、城の水源を絶ち、平野将監らを降伏させた。
- Kami-Akasaka-jo Castle had strong defenses that forced the bakufu army to engage in a bitter fight, but the bakufu army cut off the water supply to the castle in order that Shogen HIRANO would be forced to surrender.
- これにより、新政府は江戸以西を掌握することとなり、7月には江戸が東京と改称された。
- As a result, the new government gained control of the region to the east of Edo, and Edo was renamed as Tokyo in September.
- これには輪王寺宮の「東武皇帝」へ推戴し、東北政府を作る構想もあったとする説もある。
- Accordingly, some believe that the alliance would have conceived the idea of inaugurating Rinojinomiya as the Emperor Tobu and setting up the Tohoku government.
- 国道165号穴虫交差点から、奈良県道・大阪府道703号香芝太子線を太子方面へすぐ。
- At the Anamushi intersection of National route 165, take Kashiba-Taishi Route of Nara Prefectural road, Osaka Prefectural Road, 703, heading for Taishi and you will be get there very soon.
- また、堀川小路と西堀川小路には並行して川(堀川 (京都府)、西堀川)が流れていた。
- Also, Horikawa-koji Alley and Nishi Horikawa-koji Alley ran parallel to rivers (Horikawa River - Kyoto Pref) and Nishihorikawa River).
- 室町時代を通じて鎌倉公方は幕府と対立し、関東管領を務める上杉氏とも対立していった。
- Throughout the Muromachi period, Kamakura-kubo (鎌倉公方) was opposed to bakufu and also became gradually opposed to the Uesugi clan, who held the position of Kanto control.
- 後深草と亀山はそれぞれ次代の治天となることを望んで争い、裁定は幕府に持ち込まれた。
- Since both Gofukakusa and Kameyama wanted to be the next Chiten and a fight broke out, the bakufu was asked to make a ruling.
- 国道1号東山トンネルは渋谷街道(京都府道116号渋谷山科停車場線)と重複している。
- The National Route 1 Higashiyama Tunnel overlaps with Shibutani-kaido Road (Kyoto Prefectural Road 116 Shibutani-Yamashina Teishajo Line).
- また山頂付近には在京都FM局の送信所が置かれ、府南部の広範囲に電波を発射している。
- Around the mountaintop are transmitting facilities for FM radio stations in Kyoto which enable broadcast in the extensive area of the southern Kyoto Prefecture.
- 名神高速道路京都南インターチェンジから国道1号、国道9号、府道29号、で約10Km
- After getting off the Meishin Expressway at Kyoto-Minami Interchange, drive about 10 km using National Route 1, then National Route 9, and the following Kyoto Prefectural Route 29 will bring you to the hot spring.
- 金剛山(こんごうさん)は、奈良県御所市と大阪府南河内郡千早赤阪村との境目にある山。
- Mt. Kongo (also known as Kongo mountain range) is a mountain located between Gose City, Nara Prefecture and Chihaya Akasaka Village, Minamikawachi County, Osaka Prefecture.
- 東海道が整備されると、駿府城下には、江戸から数えて十九番の宿場、府中宿が置かれた。
- When Tokaido was developed, Fuchu-juku stage was placed in the castle town of Sunpu as the nineteenth stage from Edo.
- 今出川通(京都府道101号銀閣寺宇多野線)と烏丸通(国道367号)が交わっている。
- At the intersection, Imadegawa-dori Street (Kyoto Prefectural Road 101 Ginkakuji-Utano Line) crosses with Karasuma-dori Street (National Route 367).
- 塩汲峠(しおくみとうげ)は日本の福井県大飯郡高浜町と京都府舞鶴市を隔てる峠である。
- Shiokumi-toge Pass is a pass separates Maizuru City (Kyoto Prefecture) and Takahama Town (Oi County, Fukui Prefecture).
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府設置に際し、伏見地区は1番組〜17番組に編成された。
- At the time of establishment of Kyoto Prefecture in 1868, Fushimi district was organized into bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 17.
- 京都市制以前の明治12年(1879年)、京都府に「上京区」「下京区」が設置された。
- In 1879, 'Kamigyo Ward' and 'Shimogyo Ward' were created in Kyoto Prefecture, which was before the Municipal Government Act of Kyoto City came into effect.
- 室町幕府の将軍は守護大名の連合の上に成り立っており、その権力は弱体なものであった。
- The Muromachi bakufu's shogun was positioned atop an alliance of shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords), and his authority was weak.
- この乱における第4代鎌倉公方足利持氏の敗死によって鎌倉府は長官が一時不在となった。
- As the fourth Kamakura kubo, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA was defeated and killed in this war, and the top of the Kamakurafu became vacant for a while.
- やがて家康は秀吉の死後に発生した関ヶ原の合戦の勝者となって江戸幕府を開く事になる。
- Later, Ieyasu won the Battle of Sekigahara, which occurred after Hideyoshi's death, and opened the Edo bakufu.
- 基本的には各国とも室町幕府の定めた守護大名が、そのまま戦国大名化したケースが多い。
- Basically, in each country, there were many cases in which shugo daimyo that was appointed by the Muromachi bakufu were transformed into sengoku daimyo.
- 荘園領主の中には、中央政府と関係を築き、田租の免除(不輸)を認めさせる者も現れた。
- Among lords of shoen, some established a relation with the central government and made them approve the tax exemption of denso (rice field tax).
- 明が海禁政策を行っている事情から足利将軍家の幕府将軍が「日本国王」として冊封した。
- Because the Ming Dynasty adopted the haijin policy (a ban on maritime activities), the shogun of the Ashikaga Shogun Family was granted the title of 'King of Japan' by the emperor of China.
- そのため、政府は土地(公田)を収取の基礎単位とする支配体制を構築するようになった。
- Therefore the government established a governance system with a tax collection basic unit according to land (or koden, a field administered directly by a ruler).
- 古代の戸籍制度・計帳に基づいて、政府から受田資格を得た貴族や人民へ田が班給された。
- Based on the family registration system and Keicho (the yearly tax registers) in the ancient times, rice land was allotted to nobles and people who had obtained the qualifications for receiving rice land from the government.
- また治安維持を担う政府が形骸化していたために流通業者も武装しなければならなかった。
- Also, as the government that was supposed to take the duties of maintaining security had become useless, distributors also had to be armed themselves.
- そのため、織田政権・豊臣政権・江戸幕府などの統一政権の誕生とともに解消に向かった。
- Therefore, such problems had been gradually eliminated as the centralized government, such as the Oda government, the Toyotomi government, and the Edo bakufu, were born.
- 洋化部隊が温存されたことや指揮そのものも稚拙であったため、新政府軍の圧勝に終わった。
- The new government's forces won decisively since the former Shogunate did not use their westernized troops nor did they command their forces well.
- ここに江戸幕府は事実上「滅亡」し、家康以来続いた260余年の支配に終止符が打たれた。
- This virtually marked the end of the Edo Shogunate which lasted for over 260 years.
- 幕府軍は道々で徐々に兵力を増し、『吾妻鏡』によれば最終的には19万騎に膨れ上がった。
- Along the way, the ranks of the shogunal army swelled until in the end, if the 'Azuma kagami' can be believed, they had assembled an army of 190,000 horsemen.
- 三河国(三州ないし参州、読み方はさんしゅう)の国府、府中または府内という意味である。
- It means Kokufu (the offices), Fuchu (the location), and Funai (the area) of the provincial government capital of Mikawa Province (also known as Sanshu).
- 発掘が始まった当初、国府は平城京や平安京のような中央の都城の縮小版と考えられていた。
- When the excavation was started, Kokufu was thought to be a miniature of a capital in the central government such as Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) and Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
- これが国府の中心施設でもあることから、政庁を発見した時点で国府位置確定とみなされる。
- Since Seicho was the central facility of the Kokufu, discovering the Seicho is as good as determining the location of the Kokufu.
- 大阪府側山麓から山頂付近までを結ぶ金剛山ロープウェイは、日本で唯一の村営索道である。
- Kongo-san Ropeway which connects the point in the foot of a mountain in Osaka Prefecture side and the mountaintop, is the only cable way operated by a village in Japan.
- 鎌倉時代末期に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、足利尊氏など幕府の有力御家人が呼応した。
- At the end of the Kamakura period, Emperor Godaigo launched an anti-shogunate movement and senior vassals of the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA, joined forces with the emperor.
- しかし、一般の間では幕府および幕府諸機関・幕府権力を武家と呼ぶことが定着していった。
- Among ordinary people, however, the term 'buke' came to be commonly used to address the bakufu, their various agencies, and their authority.
- 朝鮮通信使のそもそもの趣旨は室町幕府征夷大将軍からの使者と国書に対する返礼であった。
- Chosen Tsushinshi originally started as a return call for an envoy and message dispatched by Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to Korea.
- 大犯三箇条(たいぼんさんかじょう)とは、鎌倉幕府、室町幕府における守護の基本的権限。
- Taibon Sankajo refers to the fundamental authorities of Shugo (provincial constable) in the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 以来基氏の子孫が鎌倉府の長官(鎌倉公方)となり、関東管領として上杉氏が代々補佐した。
- Since then, Motouji's descendants inherited the top post of the Kamakurafu (Kamakura kubo) and the Uesugi clan supported Kamakura kubo as Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for Kanto region) for generations.
- その9日後に、幕府によって「天下静謐」の祝宴が催され11年に及ぶ大乱の幕が降ろされた。
- Nine days later, the Bakufu held a banquet in celebration of Tenka seihitsu (pacification of the whole country) to mark the end of the major civil war that had continued for 11 good years.
- さらに、霊元天皇が院政を行うと、江戸幕府との間に確執を生み、朝幕関係に緊張を走らせた。
- Subsequently, when Emperor Reigen conducted insei, discord arose continually with Edo Bakufu, and the relationship with Edo Bakufu became tense.
- 注、かつては京橋(大阪府大阪市中央区 (大阪市)と都島区の境の寝屋川の橋。)であった。
- Note: It was formerly Kyobashi Bridge (a bridge over Neyagawa-river, which is located between the Chuo and Miyakojima Wards of Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture).
- 後鳥羽上皇は三浦義村をはじめ幕府の有力御家人には格別の院宣を添えて使者を鎌倉に送った。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba sent a messenger to Kamakura who carried special decrees for the influential gokenin among the shogunate, and above all for Yoshimura MIURA.
- これら三府の中心地は、江戸時代から日本三大都市に数えられるなど重要度が高い所であった。
- The central places of the three 'fu' (prefectures) has been of great importance and regarded as the three major cities in Japan since the Edo period.
- 京都府北部の行政の中心地は舞鶴市であるが、他の面では福知山都市圏に特色あるものが多い。
- Although the center of administration in the north of Kyoto Prefecture is Maizuru City, the Fukuchiyama urban area has many other distinctive features.
- しかしながら京都は都であることに変わりはなく、幕府の京都の拠点として二条城が築かれた。
- However, Kyoto remained the capital, and Nijo-jo Castle was built as a base for the bakufu in Kyoto.
- 阿蘇海(あそかい、あそのうみ)は京都府宮津市、与謝郡与謝野町にまたがる内海(海跡湖)。
- Aso-kai or Asonoumi is an inland sea called kaisekiko surrounded by Miyazu City and Yosano-cho Yosano-gun Kyoto Prefecture.
- 康暦元年(1379年)、康暦の政変により幕府の実権を握っていた管領細川頼之が失脚する。
- In 1379, kanrei (shogunal deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had the actual power in the bakufu, fell from power due to the Koryaku Coup.
- 地方の役所は官衙(かんが)といい、国と群に置かれ、国府(国衙)・群家(郡衙)といった。
- Local government offices were called kanga, located in provinces and districts and known as kokufu (or kokuga - provincial offices) and guke (or gunga - district offices).
- 幕府の名称がすなわち中央政庁を表すようになったのは、藩と同じく江戸時代中期以降である。
- Like the name 'han' (feudal clan), the name 'bakufu' began to be used for the centralized government after the late Edo period.
- これにより東国武士が多数、畿内・西国へ移住し、幕府の勢力が広く全国に及ぶこととなった。
- This caused many of Togoku samurai (a group of samurai in the eastern part of Japan) to move to the Kinai and Saigoku regions and the influence of the bakufu widely spread across Japan.
- 日本では、8世紀初頭以来、律令に基づいた土地支配・租税収取が政府によって行われてきた。
- In Japan, land had been controlled by the government under the ritsuryo legal codes in order to collect land taxes since the early eighth century.
- 長州藩は、俗論党により途中「幕府恭順」姿勢を見せるも、その前後は反幕府という姿勢だった。
- Despite the fact that during a certain period of time the Choshu clan showed the attitude of 'obedience to Bakufu' as the result of activities by Zokuron-to (俗論党), before and after such period they were also anti-Bakufu.
- 二上山(にじょうざん)は、奈良県葛城市と大阪府南河内郡太子町 (大阪府)を跨いでいる山。
- Mt. Nijo is a mountain that stretches over Katsuragi City, Nara Prefecture, and Taishi-cho, Minamikawachi County, Osaka Prefecture.
- 観応の擾乱が起こると、足利尊氏は鎌倉に東国10カ国を統括する機関として鎌倉府を設置した。
- Upon the occurrence of Kanno no Joran, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Kamakura government in Kamakura as an organization to control 10 countries in the east.
- 四国へ下った頼之は幕府から頼之追討令を受けた伊予の河野氏らと戦い、年末には赦免をうける。
- Yoriyuki, after going off to Shikoku, fought with the Kono clan of Iyo Province, who had received a shogunal order to hunt him down and kill him; however, at the end of the year, Yoriyuki received a pardon.
- 足利尊氏は1336年に制定した幕府の基本法典である「建武式目」にてばさらを禁止している。
- Basara activities were banned in the Kenmu Code, which was the fundamental code of laws for the shogunate established by Takauji ASHIKAGA in 1336.
- むしろ、京都府北部(綾部市、福知山市以北)より滋賀県域のほうが京都市との結びつきが強い。
- Shiga Prefecture is more strongly connected with Kyoto City than the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture (areas north of Ayabe City or Fukuchiyama City) is.
- 国府と書いて「こくふ」と読む地名には、近代以降に国府推定地に新たに付けられたものが多い。
- Many place names written as '国府' in Chinese characters, which is pronounced 'Kokufu,' have been applied to the estimated site where Kokufu was located since the modern period.
- その双鶴を結ぶ主要幹線の1つであるJR舞鶴線と京都府道28号小倉西舞鶴線に白鳥峠がある。
- Shiratori-toge Pass is located in the JR Maizuru Line and Kyoto Prefectural Road 28 Kokura Nishi Maizuru Route, arterious connecting both two areas.
- 琵琶湖があることから内陸県で唯一漁港を持ち、日本の漁港一覧と、海に面する5府県より多い。
- Shiga, in which Lake Biwa is located, is the only inland prefecture that has fishing ports, the number of which is greater than that of other five prefectures that face sea.
- 現在、近畿地方2府4県において四日市西郵便局管轄なのは和歌山県東牟婁郡北山村だけである。
- Today, out of six prefectures in Kinki region, only Kitayama Village, Higashimuro County, Wakayama Prefecture is placed under the administration of Yokkaichi-Nishi Post Office.
- 明治には新政府の政策に反対する徴兵令反対一揆や解放令反対一揆、地租改正反対一揆が起こる。
- In the Meiji period, uprisings in objection to the policies of the new government, including choheirei hantai ikki (conscription ordinance objection uprising), kaihorei hantai ikki (edict of Grand Council of State objection uprising), and chiso kaisei hantai ikki (land-tax reform objection reform), occurred.
- 5月2日の会談で、長岡藩は武装中立の姿勢と会津説得の猶予を嘆願したが新政府側はこれを拒否。
- In a conference on June 21, the Nagaoka domain petitioned for a stance of armed neutrality and an extension of time to persuade the Aizu Domain, and yet the new government rejected them.
- 現在の大阪市の中心部、旧淀川にかかる天満橋から天神橋 (大阪府)の間くらいの位置にあった。
- Watanabe no tsu located at the center of current Osaka City, between the Tenma-bashi Bridge and the Tenjin-bashi Bridge over Kyu-Yodo-gawa River.
- 守護大名は幕府から守護職に任命されたという権威を背景に、領国の支配を進めていったのである。
- The Shugo daimyos proceeded to exercise control over their lands by the authority that they were assigned to the position of Shugo by Bakufu.
- 足利満兼を謀叛に誘った今川了俊は幕府から討伐の命を受けたために上洛して謝罪し、助命された。
- Ryoshun IMAGAWA, the one who had urged Mitsukane to revolt against the shogunate, was made the target of a search and destroy order from the shogunate, and because of this proceeded to the capital and apologized, for which he was granted clemency.
- 6月5日、高氏が鎮守府将軍に任命され、天皇の諱「尊治」から一字を与えられ「尊氏」と改めた。
- On the fifth day of the sixth month, Takauji was appointed the Chinjufu shogun ('Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North'), and he was awarded one character from out of the Emperor's real name (Takahara), thereby changing the 'Taka (高)' in his own name to the Emperor's own 'Taka (尊).'
- 乱後、幕府軍の総大将の泰時、時房らは京の六波羅に滞在し、朝廷の監視や西国武士の統率を行う。
- After the rebellion, Yasutoki, Tokifusa, and the other high commanders of the shogunal army stayed at Rokuhara in the capital, keeping watch over the Imperial Court and assuming command of the warriors from the western provinces.
- 若しくは、京都府船井郡以南と滋賀県湖南地方と奈良盆地を併せた地域のことを指す呼び名である。
- It also refers to the areas south of Funai County in Kyoto Prefecture, Konan region in Shiga Prefecture, and Nara Basin.
- ゲンゼスキー場(ゲンゼスキーじょう)は、京都府福知山市(旧夜久野町)にあるスキー場である。
- Genze Ski Resort is a ski resort located in Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture (the former Yakuno Town).
- 当時の駿府は、「駿府九十六箇町」と呼ばれる街区が整備され、上方、江戸と並ぶ大都市となった。
- In Sunpu at that time, town blocks called '96 towns in Sunpu' were developed and it became a big city comparable to Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) and Edo.
- 奈良時代には瀬田に国府が置かれ、田上山など湖南の山々は平城京造営の木材を搬出する場となる。
- In the Nara period, Kokufu (provincial office) was established in Seta, and the timber for constructing the Heijo-kyo Palace came down from the mountains to the south of the lake such as Mt. Tanakami.
- 清では皇荘に替わって拠点となる北直隷及び満洲に内務府官荘や盛京戸部・礼部官荘が設けられた。
- During the Ching dynasty, instead of the imperial manor, the Imperial Household manor or Shengjing Ministry of Revenue and Ministry of Rites are set up in Hokuchokurei or Manchuria which were the bases.
- それに伴い豪族の土地・民衆支配は否定され、中央政府による統一的な土地・民衆支配が実現した。
- By this, the gozokus' government over the land and people were denied and the unitary government over the land and people by the central government was established.
- ただ、幕府の出費節減はなったが、国内的な将軍権威の発露というもうひとつの意義は損なわれた。
- However, although the cost of the bakufu for this event was reduced, the domestic meaning of showing the prestige of the shogun was damaged.
- 1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)に鎌倉幕府が滅亡に至るまでの一連の戦乱を含めることも多い。
- References to Genko no Ran often include a series of conflicts fought until the fall of the Kamakura Bakufu (shogunate government) in 1333.
- 朝廷が行政能力をもっていないため、引き続き旧幕府が新政府下の実質的な政権を担う予定であった。
- The former Shogunate was to continue to take hold of the government even under the new government, for the Imperial Court did not have any administrative functions.
- これにより長岡藩および北越の藩が同盟へと参加したため、新政府軍と同盟軍の間に戦端が開かれた。
- Consequently, domains in Hokuetsu together with the Nagaoka Domain joined the alliance, setting off a battle between the new government's forces and the allied forces.
- 21日には東征大都督である有栖川宮熾仁親王が江戸城に入城して江戸城は新政府の支配下に入った。
- On May 13, the tosei supreme commander, the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito entered Edo Castle, and the castle was placed under the control of the new government.
- また、付近で石川 (大阪府)を越えて国分村を経由し、さらに夏目茶屋付近を渡し船で越えていた。
- It crossed a creek called Ishikawa (Osaka Prefecture) and passed through Kokubu-mura village and then connected to a ferry across the River Yamato near a place named Natsume-jaya.
- このため、直義を支持する一派と、師直を中心とする一派が、幕府の主導権をめぐって対立を深める。
- Therefore, a conflict over the supremacy of the bakufu arose between the group supporting Tadayoshi and the group supporting Moronao.
- 兄弟の高師泰も新田義貞、北畠顕家を討つなど軍事的功績を挙げ、幕府の中枢に参画するようになる。
- His brother Moroyasu KO was also militarily successful by defeating Yoshisada NITTA and Akiie KITABATAKE and participated as a core member of the bakufu.
- この戦いに敗れた北朝方は大宰府に逃れ、九州はこの後10年ほど南朝の支配下に入ることとなった。
- The Northern Court forces were defeated and fled to Dazaifu, and for about the next ten years, Kyushu passed under the control of the Southern Court.
- 2005年10月11日、丹波町・瑞穂町 (京都府)・和知町の3町が合併して京丹波町となった。
- On October 11, 2005, three cities, namely Tanba Town, Mizuho Town (Kyoto Prefecture), and Wachi Town, were merged to become Kyotanba Town.
- 当村の庄屋末裔の屋敷には大塩平八郎の乱で、平八郎を幕府が手配した際に出した文書が残っている。
- In the shoya (village headman) residence in this village, there still remains a document in the Oshio Heihachiro-no-ran (the rebellion of Oshio Heihachiro), which was issued and distributed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to arrest him.
- 伊勢氏や上野氏・大館氏など幕府を構成していた名家の子弟も義昭を頼り鞆に下向していたとされる。
- Sons of the distinguished families making up the bakufu (shogunate), such as the Ise, Ueno and Odachi clans, are said to have followed Yoshiaki and gathered at Tomo.
- 「鎌倉時代」あるいは「鎌倉幕府」の始まりをどこに置くかは、研究者によって見解が分かれている。
- Opinions on when the 'Kamakura period' or 'Kamakura bakufu' started are divided.
- 作者が京都市・近江八景・太宰府天満宮など歴史的な土地に相当な執着を持っていたからと言われる。
- This is because the songwriter is said to have had an ardent attachment to historical places such as Kyoto City, the Eight Views of Omi, and Dazaifu Tenman-gu Shrine.
- 近鉄大阪線でつながっていることもあり、大阪府柏原市(かしわらし)と混同されることが結構ある。
- Kashihara City is often mixed up with Kashiwara City, Osaka Prefecture, because they are connected by the Kintetsu Osaka Line.
- 烏丸今出川(からすまいまでがわ)は京都府京都市上京区今出川町にある交差点及びその近隣の名称。
- Karasuma-Imadegawa is the generic name of an intersection and its neighboring area located at Imadegawa-cho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 1934年(昭和9)年に日本火工は兵庫県、京都府、福井県に見られた蛇紋岩地帯の調査を行った。
- In 1934, Nihon Kako conducted a survey on serpentine areas in Hyogo, Kyoto and Fukui Prefectures.
- 幕府軍は京へ侵攻する山名軍を迎え撃つべく主力5000騎を旧平安京の大内裏である内野に置いた。
- In order to fight against the Yamana army invading into Kyoto, the bakufu army positioned the principal force of 5000 cavalrymen in Uchino, which was the daidairi (place of Imperial residence and government offices) of the former Heian-kyo (ancient capital).
- 新政府は不平等条約の改正を目指し、帝国議会の設置や大日本帝国憲法の制定など国制整備に努めた。
- Aiming at revising unequal treaties, the new government made efforts to establish national systems, such as the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 武衛騒動(ぶえいそうどう)とは、寛正6年(1465年)に発生した室町幕府の内紛のことである。
- The Buei Sodo was an internal conflict that occurred within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1465.
- 幕府が派遣する使節には博多や堺市などの有力日本商人が随行し、その間で私的な貿易が行われていた
- Missions dispatched by the bakufu were accompanied by influential Japanese merchants from Hakata and Sakai City, and private trade was conducted among them.
- この白河小峰城をめぐり3か月余りも攻防戦(白河口の戦い)が行われ、最終的に新政府軍が占領した。
- The battle over Shirakawa-Komine Castle (the Battle of Shirakawaguchi) lasted approximately three months, and in the end, the new government's forces captured the castle.
- 大和葛城山(やまとかつらぎさん)は、奈良県御所市と大阪府南河内郡千早赤阪村との境に位置する山。
- Mt. Yamato Katsuragi is located in the boundary between Gose City, Nara Prefecture and Chihayaakasaka-mura, Minamikawachi District, Osaka Prefecture.
- 幕府も手を拱いているだけではなく、8代将軍足利義政の弟・足利政知を関東に派遣する(堀越公方)。
- Bakufu refused to simply wait with its arms folded but instead sent the younger brother of the eighth shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Masatomo ASHIKAGA, to Kanto (Horikoshi-kubo (堀越公方)).
- 室町幕府の特徴としては、荘園公領制の崩壊=守護領国制への移行や貨幣経済の進展などがあげられる。
- The collapse of the public ownership system of manors = transfer to the system of ownership by Shugo daimyos and the development of a monetary economy are part of the characteristics of Muromachi Bakufu.
- 幕府の出先機関である京都守護の大江親広(大江広元の子)は上皇に強要され、やむなく京方に加わる。
- The protector of Kyoto, Chikahiro OE (son of Hiromoto OE), who was also the shogunate's local envoy, was coerced by the retired Emperor Gotoba until he had no choice but to join the capital faction.
- 伏見区深草の鴨川東出入口から、稲荷山トンネル (京都府)を経て山科区西野山の山科出入口に至る。
- This route runs from Kamogawa Higashi Interchange in Fukakusa, Fushimi Ward via Inariyama Tunnel (Kyoto Prefecture) to Yamashina Interchange in Nishinoyama, Yamashina Ward.
- 洞ヶ峠(ほらがとうげ)は、京都府八幡市八幡南山 と 大阪府枚方市高野道・長尾峠町の境にある峠。
- Horaga-toge Pass is the pass forming the boundary between Yawata Minamiyama - Yawata City - Kyoto Prefecture and Nagaotoge-cho - Koyamichi - Hirakata City - Osaka Prefecture.
- 愛宕山(あたごやま、あたごさん)は、京都府京都市右京区の北西部、山城国と丹波国の国境にある山。
- Mt. Atago (Atagoyama or Atagosan in Japanese) is a mountain located in the border between Yamashiro Province and Tanba Province, the northwest part of Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- その後、元寇をきっかけに幕府財政は逼迫し、内管領の長崎氏の専横などで、地方では悪党が活動する。
- In later years, Genko triggered tight financial conditions for the Bakufu, leaving Akuto (a villain in medieval times) such as tyranny unleashed by the Uchi-Kanrei (head of Tokuso Family), Nagasaki clan, uncontrolled.
- 鎌倉(かまくら)は、現在の鎌倉市の中心部に当たり、源頼朝によって鎌倉幕府が置かれた都市である。
- Kamakura, the central area of Kamakura City, is an urban town, in which MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 京都府道366号上に位置しており、この路線は国道162号と国道477号を結ぶ役割を担っている。
- It is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 366 which connects National Route 162 and National Route 477.
- さらに、『寛政重修諸家譜』『新編相模国風土記稿』など、幕府の編纂事業も学問所がおこなっていた。
- Gakumonjo also edited documents for Bakufu: 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu (genealogies of vassals in Edo Bakufu)' and 'New edition of Sagamino kuni fudoki,' and so forth.
- 戦国時代 (中国)、王に代わって指揮を取る出先の将軍が張った陣地を幕府と呼んだことに由来する。
- It originated in China during the period of Warring States; where the general who took command in place of a king was called bakufu.
- また、室町幕府も徳政令が出されると倉役を免除しなければならなかったので財政収入に影響を与えた。
- In addition, the Muromachi bakufu had to make doso-sakaya exempt from the kurayaku tax when Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order) were issued, which affected financial revenues.
- だが楠木軍は、鎧を着せた藁人形を囮として矢を射掛けるといった奇策により、再び幕府軍を翻弄した。
- The Kusunoki army then gave the bakufu army another drubbing by employing the novel strategy of shooting arrows from among straw figures dressed in armor that acted as decoys.
- 甲陽鎮撫隊は甲府盆地へ兵を進めたが、慶応4年3月6日 (旧暦)(同3月29日)新政府軍に敗れた。
- The Koyo-Chinbutai infantry advanced to the Kofu basin, but was defeated by the new government's forces on March 29, 1868.
- 1868年(明治元) 奈良奉行を廃止し、興福寺が町政にあたり、大和鎭撫総督府、奈良府が置かれる。
- 1868: As the Nara bugyo was abolished, Kofuku-ji Temple took charge of town administration, and Yamato Chinbu Sotoku-fu (Yamato pacification government-general office) and then Nara-fu were established.
- 北畠満雅は再び小倉宮聖承(後亀山の皇子恒敦の王子)を担いで伊勢国で挙兵、幕府軍と戦って敗死した。
- Once again, Mitsumasa KITABATAKE, who was supporting Prince Oguranomiya Seisho (the son of Tsuneatsu, himself Gokameyama's son and Imperial Prince), raised an army in Ise Province, but he was defeated in a battle with shogunal forces and died.
- 元治元年(1864年)、江戸幕府は京都守護職配下として蒔田廣孝と松平康正を京都見廻役に任命した。
- In 1864, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed Hirotaka MAITA and Yasumasa MATSUDAIRA to Kyoto Mimawariyaku under the command of the Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto).
- この結果、幕府内における直義の発言力の低下と師直の台頭が生じ、両派の対立に一層の拍車がかかった。
- As a result, Tadayoshi's power decreased within the bakufu and Moronao's power increased, leading to further conflict between the two groups.
- 元寇以来の政局不安などにより、諸国では悪党が活動し、幕府は次第に武士層からの支持を失っていった。
- The political situation had been unstable ever since the Mongol invasion, and due to this and other factors, criminals were active in several provinces, while the shogunate gradually found itself losing the support of the warrior class.
- 鎌倉時代後期には、鎌倉幕府は北条氏得宗家による執政体制にあり、内管領の長崎氏が勢力を持っていた。
- In the latter days of the Kamakura period, the government of the Kamakura bakufu was controlled in all but name by the tokuso (head) of the Hojo family; the naikanrei (inner administrator) Nagasaki clan held power at that time.
- 2007年3月12日、相楽郡木津町・加茂町・山城町 (京都府)の3町が合併して木津川市となった。
- On March 12, 2007, the three suburbs of Kizu-cho, Kamo-cho and Yamashiro-cho in Soraku-gun (Kyoto Prefecture) merged to become Kizugawa City.
- 保津峡(ほづきょう)は、京都府亀岡市から京都市右京区嵐山の渡月橋に至る大堰川(保津川)の景勝地。
- The Hozukyo Gorge, a picturesque scenic spot on the Oi-gawa River (the Hozu-gawa River), starts at Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture to Togetsu-kyo Bridge in Arashiyama, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.
- 比叡山頂遊園地(ひえいざんゆうえんち)は、かつて京都府京都市左京区の比叡山にあった遊園地である。
- Mt. Hiei Amusement Park was an amusement part that used to be at Mt. Hiei in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 平安時代には洛中は京職・検非違使の管轄であるが、辺土(洛外)は山城国国府の管轄と考えられていた。
- In the Heian period, Rakuchu was under the control of the Kyoshiki (Capital Bureau) and kebiishi (a police and judicial chief), but Hendo (Rakugai) was considered to be under the control of the kokufu (provincial office) of Yamashiro Province.
- 小町大路は筋替橋から材木座までの由緒ある大路で、その両側には幕府高官・御家人の屋敷が並んでいた。
- The Komachi-oji Street extending from Sujikae-bashi Bridge and Zaimokuza is a historic street that was once lined with mansions of high ranking officials of the bakufu and gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 生駒山(いこまやま・いこまさん)は、奈良県生駒市と大阪府東大阪市との県境にある標高642mの山。
- Mt. Ikoma (Ikoma yama, Ikoma san) is 642 meters in height, and is located on the border between ikoma City, Nara Prefecture and Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 上賀茂(かみがも)とは京都府京都市北区 (京都市)の賀茂川の東側から左京区にかけての地域の名称。
- Kamigamo is the area from the eastern side of the Kamo-gawa River in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture to Sakyo Ward.
- 鎌倉幕府武家という呼称が定着すると、朝廷に仕える文官の総称としての「公家」が登場するようになる。
- Once people became accustomed to referring to the Kamakura bakufu as buke, another new word 'kuge,' which was a general term representing civil officials at the Imperial Court, appeared.
- 幕府(ばくふ)は、武家政治の政庁や武家政権そのものを指す(平氏政権・織豊政権などの例外はある)。
- Bakufu refers to the government office of military rule or samurai government itself; however, there are some exceptions, such as, the Taira clan government and the Shokuho government (the government of Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI. 'Shoku' and 'ho' are the initial letters of Oda and Toyotomi).
- 時代が下ると、荘官の武士化が始まり、鎌倉時代には荘官が鎌倉幕府から地頭に任じられる例も見られた。
- In later eras, shokan began to work like samurai, and in some cases in the Kamakura period, some shokan were even appointed as jito (manager and lord of manor) by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 新政府軍はいくつかの街道のうち、同盟軍の裏をかいて母成峠から侵攻し激戦(母成峠の戦い)が行われた。
- The new government's forces advanced by way of the Bonari-toge from out of several highways to circumvent the allied forces, and a fierce battle (the Battle of Bonari-toge) was waged.
- 新選組は幕府から、新政府軍の甲府進軍を阻止する任務を与えられ甲陽鎮撫隊へと名を改め出撃するも敗戦。
- Shisen-gumi was given a mission by the shogunate to prevent advancement of the new government's army into Kofu, changed their name to Koyo Chinbutai and set out, but lost the war.
- 幕府西洋医学所頭取の医師である松本良順は近藤勇の招きで隊士の診察を行い、戊辰戦争でも軍医を務めた。
- Ryojun MATSUMOTO, President of the shogunate's School of Western Medicine, conducted medical examination of the members upon invitation of Isami KONDO, and also acted as an army surgeon during the Boshin War.
- このころ後深草も後嵯峨は亀山を後継者に指名してはいない旨を幕府に申し入れるなどの工作を行っている。
- Around this time, Gofukakusa schemed, lodging a complaint to the bakufu that Gosaga did not name Kameyama as his heir.
- あわせて郡衙、寺院の遺跡も見つかり、これらと照らし合わせて国府に共通する特徴が浮かび上がってきた。
- With the additional discovery of the ruins of gunga (county government offices) and temples, these elements made the common feature of Kokufu clear.
- 天誅組の本陣は桜井寺(現在の五條市須恵、本陣交差点の近く)に置かれ、一時「五條仮政府」を名乗った。
- The base of tenchu-gumi was placed in Sakurai-ji Temple (currently Sue, Gojo City near Honjin Crossing), and they temporarily named themselves 'Gojo Provisional Government.'
- 時行軍は女影原など各地で鎌倉将軍府の軍勢を撃破、鎌倉から出陣して時行軍を迎撃した足利直義をも破る。
- Tokiyuki's force defeated the army of the Kamakura shogunfu at various places including Onakagegahara, and defeated the army of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA which came from Kamakura in order to intercept Tokiyuki's force.
- 明治政府は、農業収入に課税する年貢制ではなく、全土地に課税する地租を導入し、検地は行わなくなった。
- The Meiji government eliminated the old tax system, which taxed the overall agricultural production, and introduced a new nationwide land tax (based on the total amount--not the productivity--of land owned), and with this, kenchi, with their focus on yield, were no longer conducted.
- 江戸幕府は、直属の足軽を幕府の末端行政・警備警察要員等として「徒士(かち)」や「同心」に採用した。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) employed the ashigaru under its direct control in administrative and policing roles as kachi (foot guards) and doshin (police constables).
- 大内氏は百済聖明王の皇子琳聖太子を祖と称し、周防国に土着して武士となり、鎌倉幕府の御家人に連なった。
- The Ouchi clan claimed descent from Crown Prince Imson, son of King Seong of the Baejje kingdom in Korea; indigenous to Suo Province, they became warriors in Japanese society, and reached the rank of gokenin (lower-ranking vassal) under the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 幕府軍は火攻めを計画して左義長(爆竹)を用意し、道を整えた上で、12月21日早朝に総攻撃を開始した。
- The shogunal forces resolved to attack the city with fire, and having prepared sagicho rockets (a kind of firecracker), they got the road ready before launching another general attack in the early morning of January 25, 1400.
- 元弘の変で後醍醐天皇は捕らわれて隠岐島に配流され、鎌倉幕府に擁立された持明院統の光厳天皇が即位した。
- But in the aftermath of the Genko Disturbance, Emperor Godaigo was taken captive and exiled to the island of Oki, and the Jimyoin lineage, which had the backing of the Kamakura bakufu, was able to raise their candidate, Kogon, to the throne.
- とりあえず、藤原秀康を総大将として幕府軍を迎え撃つこととして、1万7500余騎を美濃国へ差し向ける。
- In any event, the capital faction, with Hideyasu FUJIWARA as the general in command, decided to meet the shogunal army in battle, and consequently sent more than 17,500 riders out into Mino Province (now part of Gifu Prefecture).
- 名神高速道路は稲荷山の南、大岩街道(滋賀県道・京都府道35号大津淀線)を通って山科盆地に入っている。
- Meishin Expressway runs through Oiwa-kaido Road (Shiga and Kyoto Prefectural Road 35 Otsu-Yodo Line) to the south of Mt. Inari to enter Yamashina Basin.
- 国府には正倉が付属するが、奈良時代には徴税実務上郡の重要性が大きく、地方の正倉は大部分郡家にあった。
- In spite of the custom that 'Shoso' (warehouse) was established in the site of Kokufu, most Shoso in the local area were established at 'Gunke' (municipal government office in a county) in the Nara period, because the county played an important role in collecting taxes.
- 今川氏は京の都を模して駿府の街造りを行ったため、現在でも地名や町名などに京都と同じ地名や町名が残る。
- As the Imagawa clan constructed the town of Sunpu by copying Kyoto, there still remain same names of places and towns that are also seen in Kyoto.
- 登山道は、近鉄奈良線額田駅 (大阪府)、石切駅、生駒駅、近鉄けいはんな線新石切駅からのコースがある。
- There are several routes of the climb to Mt. Ikoma, from Nukata Station of the Kintetsu Nara Line (Osaka Prefecture), Ishikiri Station, Ikoma Station, and Shin-Ishikiri Station of the Kintetsu Keihanna Line.
- 倒幕準備のために創設したとする説の他、武芸を好んだ上皇が鎌倉幕府とは関係なく創設したとする説もある。
- One of the theories has it that the Saimen no Bushi was organized in preparation to overthrow the bakufu, while another theory holds it that it was created by the Retired Emperor who simply liked military arts, and that it has no relation to the Kamakura bakufu.
- 続く江戸時代は、農業技術の進歩と新田開発の進展、幕府や藩の財政悪化などによりたびたび検地が行われた。
- In the Edo period, which followed on the heels of Hideyoshi's time, land surveys were occasionally conducted, either to take advantage of advances in agricultural techniques or the opening of new rice paddies, or because the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or the domain conducting the survey had fallen into difficult financial straits.
- 応永16年(1409年)の足利満兼の死後には幕府直轄地となり、幕府管領の被官が代官として派遣された。
- After Mitsukane ASHIKAGA died in 1409, it was placed under direct control of the bakufu and a vassal of the bakufu kanrei (shogunal deputy) was dispatched as a daikan (local governor).
- 当然、本所側は反発し、中央政府と幕府の調整の結果、地頭の設置は平氏没官領と謀反人領のみに限定された。
- Naturally the honjo side objected to this and as the result of negotiation between the central government and the bakufu, the set up of jito was limited only to Heishi mokkanryo (land rights confiscated by the Kamakura bakufu from the Taira family) and muhonninryo (land rights confiscated by the Kamakura bakufu from rebels).
- しかし、幕府は1185年の源義経謀叛を契機に、諸国の荘園・公領に地頭を任ずる権利を得ることとなった。
- The bakufu however, got the right to appoint the jito in shoen and koryo of various provinces, when the rebellion of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune happened in 1185.
- 左右近衛府の陣に公卿の座を設定し、大臣以下の公卿と四位の参議以上の議政官が出席して、政務を討議した。
- The council, which was limited to those of Kugyo status (the highest echelon of the court nobility), was established at the camp of the Left and Right Divisions of the Inner Palace Guard, and was open only to those Kugyo (noble) of Daijin (Grand Minister) status or lower and Sangi (Councilors) who held at least the court rank of Shii (Fourth Rank); at council sessions members would debate government affairs and policies.
- しかしこの計画は幕府内の反対にあい計画は頓挫し、以後幕府滅亡まで通信使来日の計画はのぼらなくなった。
- However, this plan was opposed within the bakufu and failed, and after this, no plan to invite Tsushinshi was compiled until the bakufu system became extinct.
- まさに歴史の皮肉としか言えないが、幕府が容堂を藩主にまで押し上げた事実を考えれば、当然の事でもあった。
- This was truly an irony of history, but it was also very logical, considering the fact that Bakufu had placed Yodo in a position as daimyo.
- 同盟に合流した旧幕府軍の精鋭部隊も弾薬が欠乏すると、旧式の小銃を使用せざるをえない状況に追い込まれた。
- Even the elite units of the former Shogunate forces which had joined the alliance were forced to use old rifles when they ran short of ammunition.
- 駿府に進軍した新政府の東海道軍は、3月6日の軍議において江戸城総攻撃を3月15日と定め、準備を始めた。
- The Tosando-gun army of the new government, which had advanced to Sumpu, decided at a council of war on March 29 to launch a full-scale attack on Edo Castle on April 7 and began preparing for it.
- 文久2年(1862年)、江戸幕府は征夷大将軍・徳川家茂の上洛に際して、将軍警護の名目で浪士を募集した。
- In 1862, upon the visit of Iemochi TOKUGAWA, Seii Taishogun, to Kyoto, the Edo shogunate recruited roshi for the purpose of guarding the Shogun.
- しかし個々の守護大名を幕府が討伐した例はあるものの、守護大名と室町将軍が全面的に対立する事は無かった。
- However, while there were cases in which the bakufu subdued individual Shugo daimyos, there was no case where a Shugo daimyo and Shogun Muromachi were fully in conflict with each other.
- 京都を制圧した幕府は、本人不在のまますぐに後醍醐を廃位し、皇太子量仁(19歳、光厳天皇)を践祚させた。
- The bakufu controlled Kyoto and immediately deposed Godaigo in absentia and Crown Prince Kazuhito (aged 19, Emperor Kogon) ascended the throne.
- また、幕府にとっても、尊氏が征夷大将軍を解任されたため、幕府自体が法的根拠を失ってしまう状況になった。
- Additionally, Takauji was dismissed as Seii Taishogun, the bakufu itself also lost its legal foundation.
- そこで鎌倉幕府の仲介によって、大覚寺統と持明院統が交互に皇位につく事(両統迭立)が取り決められていた。
- At that point, through the mediation of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), a compromise was reached where it was decided to alternate between the two lineages, choosing the Emperor from each lineage in turn (called 'ryoto tetsuritsu' in Japanese).
- 商業では、中心市街地の数個の商店街と都市型大型店福知山ファミリーやさとう (京都府)にて繁栄していた。
- In the field of commerce, the city was once flourished with shopping streets in the central urban district and metropolitan large-scale retail stores including Fukuchiyama Family and SATO (in Kyoto Prefecture).
- また、当地は、豊富な地下水に恵まれており、南麓の大阪府側にサントリー山崎蒸留所が所在することでも有名。
- It is abundant in groundwater in this area and is famous for Suntory Yamazaki Distillery on the Osaka Prefectural side of the south foot.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在269町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 269 declared towns as of 1980.
- 産業用水や、近隣府県約1400万人の飲用水の源として重要であり、また観光資源としてもその存在は大きい。
- The lake is important as sources for industrial water and drinking water for 14 million people living in neighboringprefectures and as tourism resources.
- 上記3市を中心として、近畿2府4県(三重県を除く近畿地方)の全都道府県庁所在地が集中している経済地域。
- An economic area centered around the three cities above in which the capitals of all six prefectures in the Kinki region (excluding Mie Prefecture) are concentrated.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在569町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 569 declared towns as of 1980.
- 成生岬から東方沖約1キロメートル の日本海上にある、京都府最大の離島で、大きさは周囲約4キロメートル。
- It is the largest remote island in Kyoto Prefecture, located in Japan Sea, one kilometer off the east of Naryu-misaki Cape, and the circumference of the island with about four kilometers.
- - 地図にみえないが、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』(以下「角川」)には水路のみの無人町とある。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), (hereinafter 'Kadokawa'), it is a town with a sole waterway uninhabited, even though it is not shown on any map.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在608町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 608 declared towns in 1980.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在435町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 435 declared towns as of 1980.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在276町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), the ward had two-hundred and seventy-six officially declared towns in 1980.
- 太平洋戦争が迫りくるなかで、日本政府と軍部は各種の鉱産物の不足に直面し、国産化を促進する努力を始めた。
- As the Pacific War loomed, the Japanese government and the military faced shortages of various mineral products and launched efforts to boost their domestic production.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在302町であった。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 302 declared towns in 1980.
- そうなることを防ぐため、江戸幕府は地理的に有利な西日本の大名に先んじて、朝鮮と国交を結ぶ必要があった。
- To prevent such a situation from prevailing, it was necessary for the Edo bakufu to establish diplomatic relations with Korea ahead of daimyo in the western part of Japan.
- 中央政権としての幕府権力を支えていた幕府-守護体制に大きな動揺が見られ始めたのは1490年前後である。
- Major scale commotions in the bakufu-shugo system that supported the power of the bakufu as the central government is observed as commencing in the period around 1490.
- なお、こうした風潮は商人間のみに留まらず、朝廷や幕府から庶民に至るまで広がっていったと考えられている。
- This trend is considered to have spread not only among merchants but also among the Imperial Court, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and common people.
- 段銭・棟別銭とは、元来、朝廷・幕府が臨時経費の調達のため、守護に命じて国内に均一に賦課する租税だった。
- Tan-sen and munabechi-sen were originally accounted among land taxes uniformly imposed on people nationwide, which were collected by shugo under the instruction of the Imperial Court and bakufu aiming at raising extra money.
- 元亀4年(1573年)に足利義昭を京から放逐すると、室町幕府は事実上崩壊し、名実共に織田政権が確立する。
- When he exiled Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA from Kyoto in 1573, Muromachi Bakufu virtually collapsed, and the Oda government was established in name and reality.
- 以降、徳川慶喜が降伏恭順に徹したため、反抗を続ける旧幕府勢力は糾合の核を欠き、戦力の結集が行えなかった。
- Afterwards, since Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA lived in surrender and obedience, the former Shogunate forces, which had still continued to rebel, lost the core of the movement and were unable to unite their forces.
- 平安京(京都)は、関東地方を基盤とする鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府の成立によって行政府としての機能を次第に失った。
- Heian-kyo (Kyoto) gradually lost its function as government administrator, by the formation of the Kamakura bakufu or Edo bakufu based in the Kanto Region.
- それは、具体的にはもっぱら鎌倉幕府へ特使を派遣して現在の天皇を譲位させるように請願するかたちで行われた。
- This was specifically accomplished by sending special envoys to the Kamakura Shogunate to appeal for the abdication of the current Emperor.
- 京方の公家、武士の所領約3000箇所が没収され、幕府方の御家人に分け与えられ新補地頭が大量に補任された。
- Roughly 3000 different territories were confiscated from capital faction nobles and samurai, divided up and given to gokenin that supported the shogunate, and a great many new supplementary jito (estate steward) positions were created.
- 1964年に近江国府が発掘されてから、国府跡の遺跡が次々と発掘されるようになって、状況は劇的に変わった。
- However, after the excavation of the Kokufu of Omi Province in 1964, the ruins of Kokufu were excavated one after the other, which provided desperately needed change to the research effort.
- 1960年代までの研究では、「国府(こう)」、「国分寺」、「総社」、あるいはそれと似た地名が探索された。
- In research conducted until the 1960's, places whose name was associated with 'Kokufu' as 'Ko,' 'Kokubunji,' 'Soja' or names that are similar to the above were searched.
- 国府(こくふ)は、日本の奈良時代から平安時代に、令制国の国司が政務を執る施設が置かれた場所や都市を指す。
- 'Kokufu' is a place and city at which facilities were established for Kokushi (provincial governors in the nation's governing system in old days) to administer governmental affairs during the Nara and Heian periods.
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府が成立すると、これらの町を含む上京の町は上京1 - 45番組に組織された。
- When Kyoto Prefecture was established in 1868, the towns in Kamigyo, including the above-mentioned, were divided into Kamigyo bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 45.
- 峠の標高が低いこともあり、福井県京都府の両側ともすぐ近くに集落があり、あまり峠らしい様相は呈していない。
- As its altitude is low and there are villages near the pass both on Fukui Prefecture side and on Kyoto Prefecture side, it doesn't look like a normal pass of country hill.
- たとえば、京都府庁の所在地は上京区薮ノ内町であるが、これを「上京区下立売通新町西入薮ノ内町」と表示する。
- For example, the location of Kyoto Prefectural Government is in Yabunouchi-cho, Kamigyo Ward, but this is indicated as 'Shimotachiuri-dori Shinmachi-nishiiru Yabunouchi-cho, Kamigyo Ward.'
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば511町(1980年現在)である。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 511 declared towns as of 1980.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば498町(1980年現在)である。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No. 26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 498 declared towns as of 1980.
- 黄砂の発生が予測される場合は、気象庁から都道府県単位で「気象情報 (気象庁)防災気象情報」が発表される。
- When an occurrence of kosa is predicted, the Meteorological Agency announces to each prefecture 'weather information: weather information for disaster prevention' (by the Meteorological Agency).
- 国衙領については国府が大田文と呼ばれる台帳を作成し、農地の面積や収量を把握し、徴税の基礎資料としていた。
- The provincial governments created registers called 'Ota bumi' (cadastral surveys) for all the kokugaryo, thereby getting a sense of the total agricultural land area and total yield, and so these Ota bumi became the basis of the system of taxation.
- 新庄藩を占領し久保田城に迫ったが、他の同盟藩の降伏によって新政府軍の兵力が増強されたため領内へと撤退した。
- The Shonai Domain occupied the Shinjo Domain and advanced to Kubota Castle, but retreated back into its own territory because the new government's forces became dominate from the surrender of some of Shonai's allied domains.
- なお大阪府堺市の大仙公園にある今井宗久ゆかりの茶室「黄梅庵」は、もと牧村家所有の茶室を移築したものである。
- Obaian, a teahouse in Daisen-koen Park in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, is associated with Sokyu IMAI, and before being moved to the current location, it was owned by the Makimura family.
- しかし所司代のみでは、防ぎきれずと判断した幕府は京都守護職を新たに設け、幕府の威信、治安の回復をはかった。
- However, the bakufu soon discovered how impossible it was for the Shoshidai alone to prevent riots and so the bakufu newly founded the Kyoto Shugoshoku to facilitate recovery of the their prestige and to achieve order in the town.
- 禁門の変に於いて長州藩兵が御所へ向けて発砲した事等を理由に幕府は長州藩を朝敵として、第一次長州征伐を行う。
- Using the fact that the Choshu loyalists dared to fire their guns in the direction of the Imperial palace during the Hamaguri rebellion as a pretext, the Tokugawa shogunate labeled Choshu domain an official enemy of the Court, and as such launched the First Punitive Expedition against them.
- また、天皇の2度目の東幸に伴ない政府(太政官)が東京に移されたことを「事実上の東京遷都」と言うこともある。
- Following the relocation of the government (Dajokan) to Tokyo, the Emperor's second visit to Tokyo was sometimes referred to as 'the actual relocation of the capital to Tokyo.'
- 会津藩と庄内藩の処分については、新政府内においても「厳罰論」と「寛典論」に分かれたが対照的な処分となった。
- Punishment of the Aizu Domain was contrasted with that of the Shonai Domain, dividing the new government into two opinions of 'severe punishment' and 'lenient punishment'
- 北近畿地方は兵庫県、京都府の日本海側及び福井県嶺南地方の3県にまたがる事から横の繋がりは極めて希薄である。
- Kita Kinki region extends over three prefectures, namely Hyogo Prefecture, the Sea of Japan side in Kyoto Prefecture, and Reinan region in Fukui Prefecture, thus transverse communication across the prefectural border is quite poor.
- 江戸時代には、北白川のみをもって「白川村」を構成し、明治以後も愛宕郡白川村 (京都府)に引き継がれていく。
- During the Edo period, Kita Shirakawa solely formed 'Shirakawa-mura village', which became Shirakawa-mura, Otagi County (Kyoto Prefecture) in the Meiji Era.
- 鎌倉時代末期に足利尊氏が京都の六波羅探題を滅ぼし、幕府滅亡後には京で後醍醐天皇による建武の新政が行われた。
- In the late Kamakura period, Takauji ASHIKAGA destroyed the Rokuhara Tandai of Kyoto, and after the collapse of the bakufu, the Kenmu Restoration was initiated by Emperor Godaigo in Kyo.
- 1867年11月9日(慶応3年)の大政奉還により、統治権が幕府から京都の朝廷に返上されて新政府が誕生した。
- The restoration of imperial rule on November 9, 1867 saw the bakufu relinquish sovereignty to the Imperial Court in Kyoto, and a new government was formed.
- 「万人恐怖」と言われた政治を行った足利義教が嘉吉の乱で死没すると、室町幕府の力は急速に衰えることとなった。
- As Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, who had administered affairs of state, also known as 'Everyone's fear,' died in the Kakitsu War, the power of the Muromachi bakufu declined rapidly.
- そのため、支配者(幕府、大名、旗本ら)は百姓の逃散を厳しく禁ずるとともに、移住も原則として認めなかった。
- Therefore, the rulers (bakufu [feudal government headed by a shogun], feudal lords and direct vassals of the shogun) strictly forbade the chosan and generally did not recognize migration.
- が、納銭方に任ぜられるのは土倉・酒屋の中の有力者で、自然と幕府の経済政策に対する影響が大きくなっていった。
- However, powerful owners of doso-sakaya were appointed to Nosenkata and they naturally came to affect the bakufu's economic policy.
- 寺社から自立した土倉は幕府と結びつきながら、永享年間には土倉による座(土倉方一衆)が形成されるようになる。
- Doso, which gained independence from temples became associated with the bakufu and formed doso-za (doso guilds, 土倉方一衆).
- 鎌倉中期の元寇を契機として、幕府権力が西国へも浸透していき、在庁官人による国衙行政は次第に弱まっていった。
- Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) during the mid Kamakura period triggered the invasion of the power of the Kamakura bakufu towards the western regions and the administration of kokuga by zaichokanjin gradually weakened.
- 新政府の鎮撫使(世良修蔵)を殺害し、白石口で既に本格的な攻防戦が開始されていたことから軍事同盟へと変化した。
- After the alliance killed Shuzo SERA, the chinbushi (temporary provincial superintendent), and began to engage in full-scale battles in Shiraishi-guchi, the nature of the alliance was changed to a military one.
- 洛南新都市(らくなんしんとし)は、京都府京都市伏見区の淀川南部にある旧巨椋池干拓地に整備される予定の新都市。
- Rakunan shintoshi is a new city which is planned to be prepared in the reclaimed land from former Ogura-ike Pond in the south of Yodo-gawa River in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 後に納銭方は幕府の委託を受けて税収の保管・出納の事務等も任されるようになり、こうした土倉を公方御倉と呼んだ。
- Nosen-kata were later also entrusted with clerical matters such as the safekeeping/bookkeeping of tax income, and such doso were referred to as Kubo-okura (公方御倉).
- 両統迭立が鎌倉幕府(最高権力者は得宗北条貞時)の公式な方針として表明されたのは、この交替のときが最初である。
- This change is the first time when Ryoto tetsuritsu was announced as being the official policy of the Kamakura Shogunate (when its supreme leader was Tokuso Sadatoki HOJO).
- 親幕派で後鳥羽上皇に拘束されていた西園寺公経が内大臣に任じられ、幕府の意向を受けて朝廷を主導することになる。
- Kintsune SAIONJI, who belonged to the faction friendly to the shogunate and whose movements were restricted due to his opposition to the retired Emperor Gotoba's plan, was raised to the position of Minister of the Interior, and as someone who would accept the will of the shogunate, he became the de facto leader of the court.
- 商業統計に見る小売業の年間商品販売額は府北部では最大であり、京都府下でも京都市、宇治市に次いで第3位である。
- From a viewpoint of commercial statistics, its annual sales of the retailers is the largest in the northern prefecture and the third in Kyoto Prefecture following to Kyoto City and Uji City.
- 奈良時代から平安時代前半の国府では、方形区画と正殿・脇殿などで構成される政庁が他の施設にはない特徴であった。
- Kokufu established from the Nara period to the early Heian period has a unique feature in its Seicho which consists of a square lot, Seiden, Wakiden and others.
- 潟湖であることから京都府下の若狭湾の窒素・燐排水基準の規制のある海域では富栄養化と有機汚濁が最も深刻である。
- Since it is a lagoon, eutrophication and organic contamination are the most serious problem in the sea area of Wakasa Bay, Kyoto Prefecture where waste water standards for nitrogen and phosphorus are regulated.
- 12世紀末の1192年から14世紀半ばの1333年まで鎌倉幕府がおかれ、日本の政治に重要な位置を占めていた。
- Kamakura, the site for the Kamakura bakufu from 1192 of the late twelve century to 1333 in the mid fourteenth century, held an important place in the politics of Japan.
- 三重県と大阪府を繋ぎ、紀伊半島を内陸に迂回する国道477号の長大なルート上で最も高い標高に位置する峠である。
- It is the highest pass on the very long National Route 477, which connects Mie Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture with taking the route inland of Kii-hanto Peninsula.
- 区の南は東山区及び山科区、北は京都府南丹市(美山地区)、西は右京区(京北地区)及び北区 (京都市)に接する。
- The ward borders Higashiyama Ward and Yamashina Ward in the south, Nantan City, Kyoto Prefecture (the Miyama area) in the north, Ukyo Ward (the Keihoku area) and Kita Ward (Kyoto City) in the west.
- 一方、明治政府の立場からは、天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史叙述が構築されていった。
- On the other hand, from the viewpoint of building a nation-state centered on the Emperor, the Meiji government developed nationalistic descriptions of history.
- 新徴組(しんちょうぐみ)は、江戸時代後期の文久2年(1862年)に結成された、江戸幕府による警備組織である。
- The Shinchogumi was a security force established by the Edo bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1862, during the late Edo period.
- 以降、御恩と奉公の関係性は、鎌倉幕府の成立基盤として機能し続け、その後の室町幕府や江戸幕府にも引き継がれた。
- After that, the relationships of 'goon and hoko' continued functioning as a base for establishing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and were inherited by the later Muromachi bakufu and Edo bakufu as well.
- 幕府の終期については、1573年に15代将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって京都から追放されたことで事実上崩壊した。
- Regarding the time when the bakufu ended, it virtually ended in 1573 when the fifteenth shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, was banished from Kyoto by Nobunaga ODA.
- 室町中期までに、幕府における守護大名の権能は肥大化し、幕府はいわば守護大名の連合政権の様相を呈するようになる。
- By the middle of the Muromachi period the system of the shugo daimyo in the shogunate was enlarged, and it was possible to describe the Muromachi shogunate as a so-called coalition government of shugo daimyo.
- 地元住民の車は榎峠よりも、比較的走行が容易な京都府道・兵庫県道109号福知山山南線の穴裏峠を越えることが多い。
- Local people tend to cross over Anaura Pass on Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectural Road 109 Fukuchiyama Sannan Line which is relatively easier to drive.
- 夜久野ヶ原スキー場(やくのがはらスキーじょう)は、かつて京都府福知山市夜久野町上夜久野にあったスキー場である。
- Yakunogahara Ski Ground was used to be a ski ground located in Kamiyakuno, Yakuno-cho, Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 国府の発掘は面積的に一つの都市を掘り出すのに等しいため、位置が確定しても全貌を完全に解明したことにはならない。
- Considering the scale of Kokufu, its excavation amounts to excavating a whole city, therefore only identifying its location is insufficient to grasp all the details.
- 1889年4月1日の市制、町村制施行に伴い下平屋・上平屋・安掛・野添・長尾 (京都府)等と統合、平屋村となる。
- On April 1, 1889 when the City-town-village system was enforced, the villages of Shimohiraya, Kamihiraya, Agake, Nozoe and Nagano (Kyoto Prefecture) merged into Hiraya village.
- 建武の新政においては関東統治のため鎌倉将軍府が置かれ、足利尊氏の弟である足利直義が成良親王を奉じて派遣される。
- Under Kenmu Restoration, the Kamakura Shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established to control the Kanto region and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, a younger brother of Takauji ASHIKAGA, was dispatched by order of Imperial Prince Nariyoshi (also known as Narinaga).
- 区の最北端の久多地区はかつて京都府愛宕郡(おたぎぐん)に属したが、地理的には東の滋賀県方面とのつながりが強い。
- The Kuta area which is the farthest north part of the ward used to belong to Otagi County, Kyoto Prefecture although it is geographically more akin to Shiga Prefecture in the east.
- 中央政府と地方行政組織を結ぶ日本の古代道路(幅約6~12メートル)が整備され、さらに、関や駅なども整備された。
- The roads (6-12 meters wide) of ancient Japan which linked central government with regional administration organizations were built, and seki (barriers) and umaya (facilities for providing houses, food, etc.) were constructed.
- 江戸時代になると、防衛都市としての色合いが薄くなり、江戸幕府や藩による政治・経済の中心としての色が濃くなった。
- In the Edo period, the requirements as a defensive city waned and they became increasingly the center of politics and economics by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Han (domain).
- 戸籍作成翌年の10月1日から11月1日までの間に、京又は国府の官司が帳簿を作成し、前回との異動状況を校勘する。
- From October 1 through November 1 (old calender) of the next year after the family register was made, the government official of the capital or kokufu (provincial office) made account books and revised the state of changes by comparing the newest account books with those of the previous.
- 旧幕府陣営では王政復古後の新政府による、徳川慶喜に対する辞官納地の決議により薩摩藩に対しての反発が強まっていた。
- The decision of the jikan-nochi against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA by the new government, after restoring the monarchy, increased opposition to the Satsuma Domain among those on the former Shogunate side.
- 「戊辰戦争で奥羽越列藩同盟が新政府に勝っていれば仙台(周辺)が日本の首都になった」、という「仙台首都説」がある。
- There is a theory called 'Sendai capital theory' that Sendai would be the capital of Japan now if only the Ouetsu-reppan alliance had won a battle against the new government.
- 下野国庁の南正面に南北道路が、伊勢では国庁北側の一部に方格地割りが、大宰府では10世紀に方格地割りが認められる。
- Such roads include the road running north to south at the south main gate of Kokucho in Shimotsuke Province, as well as the neatly designed roads like the grid on a go (a Japanese game played with black and white stones on a board) board in a north part of Kokucho in Ise Province as well as Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu) in the tenth century.
- 方形の外郭線を持つ都市が国府で、その中心に国衙という役所群、さらにその要に国庁があるという三重構造が想定された。
- It was assumed that Kokufu adopted a threefold structure including a squarely demarcated line in the outer fold, placing Kokucho at the center of the lot surrounded by the government offices called Kokuga.
- 歴史的には国府の方が先行し、8世紀にはもっぱら国府という言葉が用いられ、平安時代後期以降に国衙が一般的になった。
- Historically, the word 'Kokufu' spread earlier than 'Kokuga,' therefore the word 'Kokufu' was mainly used in the eighth century, while 'Kokuga' was mainly used after the late Heian period.
- 周囲を右京区、南区 (京都市)、京都府向日市、京都府長岡京市、大阪府島本町、大阪府高槻市、京都府亀岡市に接する。
- It shares a border with Ukyo Ward, Minami Ward (Kyoto City), Muko City and Nagaokakyo City in Kyoto Prefecture, Shimamoto Town and Takatsuki City in Osaka Prefecture, as well as Kameoka City in Kyoto Prefecture.
- また、幕府から同国守護にも補任されていた興福寺が徳政令を認めたために、公式な拘束力をもったものとして施行された。
- Moreover, since Kofuku-ji Temple, which was assigned as Shugo (provincial constable) of the same province by the government, allowed Tokuseirei, it was enforced as an official order.
- これにより、御家人の在地領主としての地位は、本来の荘園領主である本所ではなく幕府によって保全されることとなった。
- And thus, the status of gokenin as the local lord was secured not by honjo which was originally the lord of shoen, but by the bakufu.
- 1180年に発足した初期鎌倉幕府は、御家人の中から荘園・公領の徴税事務や管理・警察権を司る地頭を任命していった。
- The early Kamakura bakufu, established in 1180, appointed the jito who was responsible for the office work of tax collection and the control and police power in shoen and koryo from gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 租(そ)は、税(ぜい)と並んで、国家維持に必要な財政を調達するために、政府が徴収する財物・サービスのことである。
- So as well as Zei are the goods and services that the government collect to ensure public finance for the nation.
- この事は、容堂が藩内の勤皇志士を弾圧する一方で朝廷に奉仕し、かつ幕府にも良かれという行動を取ったことから来ている。
- This was because of Yodo's attitude in which, although he oppressed kinno (勤皇) activists within his clan, he served the Imperial Court and at the same time took actions for the benefit of Bakufu.
- 7月4日、新政府を支持する久保田藩士が、同盟側仙台藩の使者を殺害し藩論を掌握、同盟を離脱して新政府側へと変節した。
- On August 21, a retainer of the Kubota Domain supporting the new government murdered an emissary from the alliance's Sendai Domain and managed to control the opinions of people within the Kubota Domain, and the Kubota Domain defected from the alliance to the new government.
- 4月19日 (旧暦)、(同5月11日)に旧幕府軍が宇都宮城を占領するも、奪い返され、今市市、日光市方面に退却した。
- The former Shogunate forces captured Utsunomiya Castle on May 11, but withdrew towards Imaichi City and Nikko City after the castle was recaptured by the new government's forces.
- 関東公方足利満兼は武蔵国府中から上野国足利荘(栃木県足利市)まで進軍するが、義弘敗死の報を聞いて鎌倉へ引き返した。
- Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, the kubo of the Kanto, had taken his army and marched from Fuchu in Musashi Province as far as the Ashikaga family's private estates in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Ashikaga City in Tochigi Pref.), but when news of Yoshihiro's defeat and death reached him, he turned back to Kamakura.
- 仙台港に寄港し、奥羽越列藩同盟の残党勢力及び大鳥圭介・土方歳三等の旧幕府軍を収容し、蝦夷地(北海道)へと向かった。
- They called at Sendai Port to pick up the remaining powers of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance and the samurai of the former Shogunate forces such as; Keisuke OTORI and Toshizo HIJIKATA, and then left for Ezochi (Hokkaido).
- この仕置きを不満とした者の数は非常に多く、後に旧秋田藩領では反政府運動が、旧三春藩領では自由民権運動が活発化した。
- There were many people discontented with such treatment, and an anti-government movement in the former Akita Domain and a Movement for Freedom and People's Rights (jiyu-minken-undo) in the former Miharu Domain were gaining ground.
- やむなく、京方は残る全兵力をもって宇治・瀬田に布陣し、宇治川で幕府軍を防ぐことに決め、公家も大将軍として参陣した。
- Lacking any other choice, the capital faction decided to take all their remaining military forces and form up for battle in Uji and Seta and attempt to repulse the shogunal army at the Uji river; the court nobles also joined the battle formation as high generals.
- 山体は主に堆積岩からなるが、比叡山と大文字山の間の京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線付近では花崗岩が貫入している。
- Although the body of the mountains mainly consist of sedimentary rocks, granite intrusions can be found in areas around Kyoto and Shiga Prefectural Road 30 Shimogamo-Otsu Line between Mt. Hiei and Mt. Daimonji.
- 日出地区、高梨地区、平田地区、立石地区、耳鼻地区、亀山地区が湾岸を囲んでおり、湾の南側には青島 (京都府)がある。
- Hide district, Takanashi district, Hirata district, Tateishi district, Nibi district, and Kameyama district circle the bay shore, and to the south of the bay, there is Aoshima Island (Kyoto Prefecture).
- また、白川上流の東山 (京都府)を越える京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線もこれを補完する経路として重要視された。
- Also regarded as an important path to complement the road was Shimogamo-Otsu Line of Kyoto prefectural road and Shiga prefectural road No. 30, which crossed over Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) in the upstream area of Shira-kawa River.
- 嘉慶 (日本)元年(1387年)幕府創業の功臣であり、美濃国、尾張国、伊勢国三カ国の守護である土岐頼康が死去した。
- In 1387, Yoriyasu TOKI, a meritorious vassal who helped to establish the bakufu, and who was a shugo of the three provinces of Mino, Owari and Ise, passed away.
- 室町時代末期、日朝・日明貿易の実権が大名に移り、力を蓄えさせたと共に、室町幕府の支配の正当性が薄れる結果になった。
- Towards the end of the Muromachi period, the real power of the trade between Japan and Korea and that between Japan and the Ming moved to daimyo, making daimyo gain power and making weaker the validity of the control by the Muromachi bakufu.
- 後醍醐天皇が建武の新政の一環として関東統治を目的に皇子・成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ下向させて創設した鎌倉将軍府が起源。
- Its origin was the Kamakura shogunfu headed by Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, which Emperor Godaigo established, as a part of the Kenmu Restoration, for the purpose of ruling the Kanto region.
- 12世紀末に鎌倉幕府が登場すると、特に東国の名主の中には、幕府に帰参して御家人となり、地頭に補任される者も現れた。
- When the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) came to power toward the end of the 12th century, some myoshu farmers, especially those in eastern regions, gained positions in the shogunate government and became gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) or were appointed as jito (local landlord).
- なお、その後の政権である豊臣政権や江戸幕府が石高制を導入した背景にはこうした経済情勢を背景にしたとも言われている。
- It is also said that, with such an economic situation as a background, the system of Kokudaka (assessed yield; tax system based upon rice, measured by reference to the rated annual yield of the domain) was introduced by the succeeding Toyotomi and Edo bakufu governments.
- 秋田藩は東北での新政府軍の拠点となったが、孤立状態にあり、南から庄内藩、南東から仙台藩、北東から南部藩に侵攻された。
- Although it became the base for the new government's forces, the Akita Domain was isolated and attacked from the south by the Shonai Domain, from the southeast by the Sendai Domain, and from the northeast by the Nanbu Domain.
- 最高指揮官であり当事者であるはずの徳川慶喜が敵前逃亡したことにより、旧幕府軍は自壊し、抗戦をやめて各藩は兵を帰した。
- Because Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who was the Commander in Chief and the core of the conflict, deserted the army in the face of the enemy, the former Shogunate forces disintegrated and stopped fighting; each of the domains brought their troops home.
- 1352年(正平7年、北朝の観応3年)に後村上天皇は北征軍を興し、一度は住吉から山城の男山(京都府八幡市)に移った。
- In 1352, the Emperor Gomurakami established Hokusei-gun (an army heading north), and once moved from Sumiyoshi to Otoko-yama Mountain in Yamashiro Province (Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture).
- 織田政権・豊臣政権・江戸幕府はいずれも経済的特権に関しては、基本的には大津代官従属のもとで以前のものを承認し続けた。
- Concerning economic privilege, Oda, Toyotomi and Tokugawa (Edo) Governments basically inherited the former system by placing it under Otsu Daikan (regional officer of Otsu).
- 国府には国司の他、史生、国博士、国医師、徭丁などの職員が勤務しており、小国で数十人、大国では数百人の人数規模だった。
- In addition to Kokushi, there were various staff such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (teacher of Japanese classical literature), Kuniishi (local governmental doctor) and Yocho (laborer), whose numbers reached several dozens for small provinces and several hundreds for large province.
- その狭い面積の半分以上を山地と琵琶湖が占めており、都道府県の面積一覧2001年 可住地面積の順位は大阪府よりも狭い。
- More than half of the small area is occupied by mountains and Lake Biwa, so the inhabitable land area of Shiga measured in 2001 was smaller than that of Osaka.
- 鎌倉には、後醍醐天皇の皇子の成良親王を長とし尊氏の弟の足利直義が執権としてこれを補佐する形の鎌倉将軍府が設置された。
- In Kamakura, the Kamakura shogunfu (local institution of Kenmu government) was established, and Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, and Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, Takauji's younger brother, were appointed to its head and shikken respectively.
- 突然の報に日本と韓国政府は驚きを見せたが、直前に島根県が制定した『竹島の日』への報復的な意味合いがあったと見られる。
- It was such a sudden announcement that both the Japanese and South Korean governments expressed surprise, and this act was viewed by some in Japan as retaliation for the establishment of 'Takeshima Day' in Shimane Prefecture, which happened just before the Korean proclamation.
- その対策に苦慮して、後に分一銭を導入して債権額の1/10(後に1/5)を幕府に納入することを徳政令適用の条件とした。
- The bakufu struggled with the situation, later introduced the buichi-sen tax system, and made it a condition of Tokuseirei that one-tenth (later, one-fifth) of the debt amount should be paid to the bakufu.
- その後仇討ちは武士階級の台頭以来広く見られるようになるが、江戸幕府によって法制化されるに至ってその形式が完成された。
- Later, Katakiuchi became prevalent along with the rise of the samurai hierarchy, and when the practice was legislated by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it took a complete form.
- 近衛府の陣(主として左近衛府側)において招集されたので、会議の場を陣座(じんのざ)又は杖座(じょうざ)と呼称された。
- The council was convened at the camp of the Inner Palace Guard (most often in the area of the Left Division of the Guard), so the council sessions came to be called 'Jinnoza' ('meetings at the camp') or 'Joza' ('stave meetings').
- 1331年(元弘元年、元徳3年)から開始された後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動である元弘の乱の最後の戦いで、鎌倉幕府は滅亡した。
- The war was the last phase of the Genko War which was started by Emperor Godaigo as the anti-shogunate movement in 1331, and the Tosho-ji War put an end to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 室町期の守護は、当初(14世紀中葉)、室町幕府から数年ごとに補任されており、守護職の交替は比較的頻繁に行われていた。
- The shugo in the Muromachi period were initially (around the mid 14th century) appointed by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) once in several years, which resulted in the comparatively frequent alternation of the shugo-shiki (the post of shugo).
- 関東公方足利満兼は1万騎余を率いて武蔵国府中市 (東京都)高安寺まで進んだが、関東管領上杉憲定に諌められて兵を止めた。
- Mitsukane ASHIKAGA, kubo (shogunal representative) of the Kanto, led about 10,000 men into Musashi Province, advancing as far as Koan-ji Temple in the city of Fuchu, but halted his advance after he was warned by the Kanrei of the Kanto, Norisada UESUGI not to continue.
- 南朝方が東西で呼応して京と鎌倉を同時占拠すると、後村上天皇は賀名生から山城国男山(京都府八幡市の石清水八幡宮)へ至る。
- The Southern Court regained both Kyoto and Kamakura as a result of coordination between eastern and western Japan, and Emperor Gomurakami arrived in Otokoyama, Yamashiro Province (Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine in Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture) from Ano.
- これに応えた足利高氏(当時)や新田義貞らの働きで鎌倉幕府は滅び、建武の新政と呼ばれる後醍醐天皇による親政がはじまった。
- Thanks to the efforts of Takauji ASHIKAGA (at this point his name was still written with the character for 'taka' meaning 'high') and Yoshisada NITTA, who responded to Godaigo's order, the Kamakura bakufu was destroyed, and the Kenmu Restoration, an era of direct Imperial rule by Emperor Godaigo began.
- 幕府は朝廷を監視し、皇位継承にまで介入するようになり、朝廷は幕府に憚って国家の大事にも幕府に伺いを立てるようになった。
- The shogunate began to watch the Imperial Court closely, and became able to intervene even in matters of Imperial succession, while the Court became hesitant to cross the shogunate, henceforth asking their opinion on all serious matters facing the country.
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府が成立すると、これらの町は、現・中京区や下京区の町とともに下京1〜41番組に組織された。
- When Kyoto Prefecture was established in 1868, these towns were organized into Shimogyo bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 41along with the towns of Nakagyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward.
- 1889年の市制施行により、静岡(駿府)城下にあたる安倍郡の1宿74町および有渡郡の50町が合併して静岡市が成立した。
- By enforcement of municipal organization in 1889, Shizuoka City was formed by merger of one stage and 74 towns in Abe County and 50 towns in Udo County.
- 韓国政府の推定によれば、黄砂の諸影響による同国での経済損失は、年間およそ3兆 - 5兆大韓民国ウォンにも達するという。
- According to an estimate by the South Korean government, the yearly economic loss due to kosa amounts to three to five trillion won.
- 中国政府や地方政府が土地の乾燥化に拍車をかけるような政策をとるなどして、乾燥地域の拡大につながっているとの指摘もある。
- It is pointed out that both central and local governments of China have employed policies to accelerate the extent of making the land drier, leading to the expansion of dry area.
- 鎌倉府(かまくらふ)とは、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて、室町幕府が関東を統治するために設置した政庁である。
- The Kamakurafu was a government office which the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established in the Northern and Southern courts period and the Muromachi period for the purpose of ruling the Kanto region.
- 室町時代・戦国時代 (日本)・安土桃山時代を経て江戸幕府成立に至る過程で、次第に武士が公権力を担う領域は拡大し続けた。
- In the formation process of the Edo bakufu through the Muromachi, Sengoku, and Azuchi-Momoyama period, the area where the bushi were in charge of the official authority gradually and continuously increased.
- そして江戸時代中期、3代将軍徳川家光が死去した後、幕府の武断政治から文治政治への転換は武力による支配の終焉ともいえる。
- And, then, in the middle stage of the Edo Period after the death of the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, a conversion by the bakufu from a ruling backed with military force to a ruling by a civilian government can be deemed as the end of governance by force.
- 新たに発足した室町幕府は、戦乱を抑えることを目的として、在地武士を組織するため、国単位におかれる守護の権限を強化した。
- The newly inaugurated Muromachi bakufu strengthened the power and authority of shugo positioned in each province in order to prevent the maelstrom of war and organize the local samurais.
- 鎌倉時代には、幕府が中央政府からの委任に基づいて、検断権行使の中枢を担っていたが、あくまで建前上の権限は領主にあった。
- During the Kamakura period, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) played an central role to exercise the right based upon a delegation from the central government, but lords continued to have the power in principle at least.
- 日本の中世期においては、幕府の地頭、御家人、その郎党といった正規の武士以外に地侍(土豪)、野伏、農民等も武装していた。
- In the medieval period of Japan, not only regular samurai who were jito (land steward appointed by the central military government to each of the estates [shoen] into which the countryside was divided), gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) and other roto (retainers) but also jizamurai (local samurai [or dogo: local ruling family]), nobushi (unofficial warrior hidden in a forest) and farmers were armed.
- しかし、その後の江戸幕府は禁教政策に加え、西国大名が勢力を伸ばすことを警戒したので海外との貿易を制限するようになった。
- However, after that, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), being afraid that daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in western Japan would expand their power, and imposed restrictions on foreign trade in addition to the ban of Christianity.
- こうして開発した荘園について、寺院は寺田であると主張し、政府から不輸の権 (日本)(租税免除の権利)を獲得していった。
- Temples insisted that the manors developed in this way constituted jiden fields, acquiring Fuyu no ken (in Japan) (the right of tax exemption).
- 江戸時代に入ると、『禁中並公家諸法度』に基づいて江戸幕府の対朝廷介入は本格化し、皇族の政治介入はほとんど出来なくなった。
- During the Edo period, based on 'Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (禁中並公家諸法度),' Edo Bakufu began to intervene significantly in the Imperial Court, and as a result it became nearly impossible for a member of the Imperial Family to participate in political affairs.
- 自分を追放し、室町幕府を滅亡に追いやった信長に恨みを抱く足利義昭が、その権力を奪い返すために光秀をそそのかしたとする説。
- This view advocates that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who had hard feelings against Nobunaga who had expelled him and ruined the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), tempted Mitsuhide in order to regain Yoshiaki's power.
- 同盟軍も奪還を試みたが失敗に終わり、白河口へ兵力が集中した隙を衝かれ二本松城も落城し新政府軍は会津へと進行路を確保した。
- The allied forces attempted to recapture the castle, but in vain; on the other hand, the new government's forces seized Nihonmatsu Castle while the allied forces deployed their troops heavily concentrated their troops at Shirakawaguchi, gaining access to Aizu.
- 京都守護職(きょうとしゅごしょく)は幕末に新たに設けられた江戸幕府の要職であり、政事総裁職・将軍後見職と並ぶ三役の一つ。
- The Kyoto Shugoshoku (literally, 'office of the protector of Kyoto') was an important post in the Edo bakufu that was newly created at the end of the Edo period; it was one of the three key posts in the bakufu, the others being the Seiji-Sosaishoku (literally, 'political governor') and the Shogun-Kokenshoku (literally, 'guardian of the Shogun').
- この年8月、京都脱出の直前に後醍醐は元弘と改元しているが、幕府はこの改元も認めず、もとの元徳の元号をそのまま使用させた。
- Godaigo changed the name of the era to 'Genko' in August just before his escape from Kyoto, but the bakufu did not recognize this change and continued to use the previous name, 'Gentoku.'
- 北朝を擁立し、京都で成立した初期の足利幕府においては統治機構が未整備で、足利家の家政機関を利用しての統治が行われていた。
- The governance system in the early Ashikaga shogunate (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which supported the Northern Court and was established in Kyoto was not yet functional and governance used the kasei (vassal) system of the Ashikaga family.
- 1331年に鎌倉幕府の倒幕計画が発覚した後醍醐天皇は三種の神器を保持して笠置山にて挙兵、篭城して元弘の乱の発端となった。
- In 1331, Emperor Godaigo, whose plan to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was revealed, went to Mt. Kasagi, with Sanshu no Jingi (Three Imperial Regalia), raising his army and staying there, which lead to Genko War.
- ここに中央政府の地方への求心力が失墜し、各地豪族は自ら力を蓄え、或いは力ある存在に身を寄せる法なき時代に入ったのである。
- Here, the force of the central government to provinces declined and the lawless era, in which gozoku (local ruling families) in various provinces developed power or relied on others who had power, commenced.
- 1333年の鎌倉幕府滅亡から建武の新政、室町時代初期までの間は、全国的に戦乱が相次ぎ、荘園の所有関係も非常に流動化した。
- From the demise of the Kamakura bakufu in 1333 to the Kenmu Restoration or the early Muromachi period, the maelstrom of war continued and the ownership relationship of shoen were also fluidized.
- その2日後の17日、仁明天皇は伴健岑と橘逸勢、その一味とみなされるものを逮捕し、六衛府に命じて平安京の警備を厳戒させた。
- The Emperor Ninmyo arrested TOMO no Kowamine, TACHIBANA no Hayanari and the alleged conspirators on August 30, two days after the retired emperor's death, directing the Rokuefu (six divisions assuming the guard duty of palace) to strengthen the security of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
- 鎌倉時代には、国司に代わって守護が国衙を掌握するケースが多くなり、鎌倉幕府による一国平均役の賦課も行われるようになった。
- In the Kamakura period, there were many cases where shugo (provincial constable) seized power of kokuga instead of provincial governors, and as a result, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also started to impose ikkoku heikinyaku taxes and tasks.
- さらに薩摩藩は藩士に命じ江戸で騒擾を起こさせたため、旧幕府軍は討薩表を掲げて、京都を軍事力によって鎮定するべく兵を進めた。
- Furthermore, the former Shogunate forces advanced to pacify Kyoto under the banner of 'the statement to the Emperor on avenging Satsuma' (to-satsu-hyo) because the Satsuma Domain had ordered its retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo.
- しかし、新政府は有栖川宮熾仁親王を大総督宮とした東征軍を組織し、東海道軍・東山道軍・北陸道軍に別れ、江戸へ向けて進軍した。
- The new government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito as the supreme commander and organized the expeditionary forces to the east; the forces were then divided into the Tokaido-gun army, the Tosando-gun army, and the Hokurikudo-gun army, and they all advanced to Edo.
- 当時、相続に関して父母の遺言は絶対的な効力を持っており、幕府や朝廷の法廷でも容易にそれを覆すことはできなかったほどである。
- In those times, the will of parents regarding inheritance had absolute effectiveness and even the court at the bakufu or Imperial court could not easily upturn that decision.
- 慶応4年5月24日、新政府は徳川慶喜の死一等を減じ、徳川家達に徳川将軍家を相続させ、駿府70万石を下賜することを発表した。
- On July 13, 1968, the new government reduced the sentence of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA by one level from the death penalty, allowed Iesato TOKUGAWA to inherit the Tokugawa Shogunate family, and granted Sumpu with seventy million goku.
- 京都都市圏(きょうととしけん)は、京都府京都市を中心とする経済地域で、京都市と周辺の衛星都市とをまとめて指す呼び名である。
- Kyoto urban area, which is the designation of Kyoto City and its peripheral satellite cities collectively, means an economic zone surrounding Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 大阪都市圏(おおさかとしけん)は、大阪府大阪市を中心とする経済地域で、大阪市と周辺の衛星都市とをまとめて指す呼び名である。
- Osaka Metropolitan Area is a name used to describe the economic area centered on Osaka city, expanding to its surrounding satellite cities.
- 室町幕府15代将軍足利義昭は織田信長により京都を追放された後、毛利氏などの支援のもと鞆に拠点を移し信長打倒の機会を窺った。
- After being banished from Kyoto by Nobunaga ODA, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who was the 15th Shogun of the Muromachi the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) moved his camp to Tomo, supported by the Mori and some other clans, where Yoshiaki attempted to seize the opportunity to defeat Nobunaga.
- 鎌倉時代末期の朝廷や室町幕府が酒屋役を「洛中辺土」に課しており、応仁の乱の頃から辺土に替わって洛外という語が一般的になる。
- The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu imposed Sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake brewing) on 'Rakuchu Hendo' at the end of the Kamakura period, and it became general practice to use the name Rakugai instead of Hendo since around the time of the Onin War.
- しかし、「飛鳥」といった場合にはこちら(大阪府の飛鳥)の意味ではなく、冒頭の意味(奈良県の飛鳥)であることが一般的である。
- However, it is common that 'Asuka' (飛鳥) refers to the Asuka of Nara Prefecture, not referring to Asuka of Osaka Prefecture, mentioned at the beginning.
- 江戸幕府が滅ぶと、駿府は「静岡」と改名され、徳川将軍家が当地に移されて静岡藩が設置され、1871年の廃藩置県まで存続した。
- After the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was overthrown, Sunpu was renamed to 'Shizuoka' and the Tokugawa Shogun family was moved to this place and Shizuoka Domain was set up and continued to exist until Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871.
- 西には京都府道38号京都広河原美山線(鞍馬街道)が通り、鞍馬寺のある鞍馬地区、花脊、広河原を通って南丹市方面へ通じている。
- In the west the Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama Line (Kurama-kaido Road) of Kyoto Prefectural Road 38 runs, leading to Nantan City through the Kurama area, where Kurama-dera Temple is located, as well as Hanase and Hirogawara.
- 結果としてもっとも有望な地域は京都府与謝郡与謝村(当時。現在の与謝野町与謝地区)を中心とする大江山連峰であることを知った。
- As a result, they found that the most promising area was Oeyama mountain range centering on the former Yosano village (now the Yosano area, Yosano-cho), Yosa County, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 大江山鉱山(おおえやまこうざん)は京都府与謝郡与謝野町(旧加悦町)の大江山北西山麓で採掘が行われていたニッケル鉱山である。
- Oeyama Mine is a nickel mine where digging was conducted at the northwestern foot of Mt. Oe in Yosano-cho (the former Kaya-cho), Yosa-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 標高324mの京都府道40号下鴨静原大原線の旧道上に位置する京都府京都市左京区静市静原町と同区大原井出町を隔てる峠である。
- It is a pass located on the old road of Kyoto Prefectural Road 40 Shimogamo-shizuhara-ohara Line separating Shizuichi-shizuhara-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Oharaide-cho of the same ward at an altitude of 324 meters.
- 標高680mの京都府道361号上黒田貴船線上に位置しており、京都府京都市右京区京北芹生と同市左京区鞍馬貴船町を隔てている。
- The pass is located on Kyoto Prefectural Road 361 Kamikuroda Kibune Line at an altitude of 680 meters, separating Keihoku-seryo, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Kurama-kibune-cho, Sakyo Ward of the same city.
- 内閣府政府広報室の世論調査により、君が代を国歌とすることについて大部分の国民に受け入れられていることが明らかとなっている。
- According to an opinion poll carried out by the Public Relations Department of the Cabinet Office, it became clear that a large segment of population has accepted Kimigayo as the national anthem.
- 鎌倉幕府が成立すると、鎌倉殿が御家人を地頭へ任命するという形で本領安堵・新恩給与、すなわち御恩がほどこされるようになった。
- When the Kamakura bakufu was established, the benefit of honryoando or sinonkyuyo, or that of goon, was given by Kamakura-dono to gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) in the form that Kamakura-dono appointed them to jito (the managers and lords of manors).
- 東北戦争では奥羽同盟に参加した藩の多くが、改革の遅れや財政難から軍備が立ち後れており、新政府軍とは兵力での開きが大きかった。
- In the Tohoku War, many domains of the Ou alliance lagged behind in armaments due to financial difficulties and delay in political reform, and differed greatly in military strength compared with the new government's forces.
- 西限の西京極大路の推定地は西日本旅客鉄道山陰本線花園駅 (京都府)や阪急電鉄阪急京都本線西京極駅を南北に結んだラインである。
- The assumed location for the western border, Nishikyogoku-oji Avenue draws a line north-south between the following two stations - Hanazono Station of the JR West Sanin main line (Kyoto pref.) and Nishi-Kyogoku Station of the Hankyu Kyoto main line.
- 成員は公家のほか足利家家臣の上杉氏や足利尊氏の執事高師直、旧幕府の官僚二階堂氏など公家・武家双方から多くの人材が登用された。
- Many talented men were appointed from both the nobility and the warrior class to serve as members, the most notable of whom, aside from the nobles, were those from the Uesugi clan, a vassal of the Ashikaga family, and Takauji ASHIKAGA's steward Ko no Moronao, as well as some from the Nikaido clan, former bureaucrats in the Kamakura bakufu.
- まして、両統迭立が幕府の方針として明確にされている以上、後醍醐の攻撃対象に幕府も含まれることになるのは必然的だったと言える。
- Since Ryoto tetsuritsu was a bakufu policy, it was natural that the bakufu was included as Godaigo's offensive target
- 京都府北部の中核都市である舞鶴市は古より城下町があり商都として栄えた西舞鶴と、軍港として栄えた東舞鶴にわかれて発展してきた。
- Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, has been developed as Nishi Maizuru (western Maizuru) with an ancient castle town flourishing as a commercial city and Higashi Maizuru (eastern Maizuru) prospering as a naval port, separately.
- 1603年3月24日(慶長8年2月12日)に徳川家康が征夷大将軍に任官され、江戸幕府の誕生とともに政治の中枢が江戸に移った。
- On March 24, 1603, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was appointed seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and the center of politics was relocated to Edo along with the establishment of the Edo bakufu.
- 康正元年(1455年)、5代公方の足利成氏は室町幕府側と対立し、下総国古河(茨城県古河市)に逃れて、以後「古河公方」となる。
- The fifth kubo, Nariuji ASHIKAGA competing with Muromachi bakufu ran away to Koga of the Province of Shimousa (Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture) in 1455 and, since then, became Kogakubo (descendants of one of the Ashikaga families that held the office of the Kanto district administrator).
- 主に平野部では瀬戸内海式気候、京都府南部・滋賀県南部・奈良県北部・三重県伊賀地方・伊賀地方などの内陸部は内陸性気候に属する。
- The plains mainly belong to the Seto Inland Sea climate, while the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, the northern part of Nara Prefecture and the Iga region of Mie Prefecture belong to the inland climate.
- 日本の市町村の廃置分合平成の大合併において、京都府内では既存の市名との重複を避ける為もあって「京」を冠するところが多かった。
- In the great merger of municipalities in the Heisei period, many cities crowned 'Kyo' in their names in order to avoid overlap from exsiting cities.
- 幕府直轄の昌平坂学問所(しょうへいざかがくもんじょ)は、昌平坂に面していたので昌平坂学問所、または昌平黌(こう)とよばれた。
- Shoheizaka Gakumonjo, which was under the direct control of the bakufu, was given this name or was called Shoheiko, since it faced the slope of Shohei-zaka.
- この来日の際には、幕府に朝鮮国王直筆の親書、銅鏡が進呈され、また使節団が神君とされる大権現家康が眠る日光東照宮を参拝をした。
- The envoy that came to Japan in this occasion presented to the bakufu a message written directly by the King of Korea and bronze mirrors, and visited Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine where daigongen (Great Avatar) Ieyasu, considered having been Shinkun (a god-like head of Japan), was buried.
- 以前は1467年に始まった応仁の乱を戦国時代の始期とする見解が有力とされていたが、その後も幕府は中央政権として機能していた。
- In the past the view that the Sengoku Period started at the time of Onin War, which commenced in 1467, was prevailing, but the bakufu functioned as the central government even after that.
- 更にこれを見た非官僚の荘園所有者も政府や官僚との個人的つながりを通じて本来は許されない租税の納付を回避しようとする者もいた。
- Furthermore, considering this, some non-bureaucrats who owned shoens also tried to escape from tax payments, which was not normally allowed, through their personal connections with the government or bureaucrats.
- この上杉氏・北条氏の争いは全関東の諸豪族を二分して、北条氏康と里見義堯(上杉陣営)による国府台合戦などの戦いを惹き起こした。
- This struggle between the Uesugi clan and the Hojo clan divided gozoku the whole of Kanto into two groups causing battles such as the Battle of Konodai between Ujiyasu HOJO and Yoshitaka SATOMI (UESUGI SIDE).
- しかし、桑名藩のように藩主家自体が江戸幕府の命で国替えしている藩では「藩士」の呼称がかならずしも妥当とは言い難い場合もある。
- However, the term is not appropriate for domains, such as the Kuwana Domain, of which the lord family itself came under provincial rule as a result of orders from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかし、室町期以来、村落自治が根付いていたこともあって、江戸幕府及び諸大名は、村落にある程度の自治を付与する民政を選択した。
- Nevertheless, due partly to the fact that self-government had already taken root in village communities, the Edo bakufu government and feudal lords chose to place villages under civil administration, allowing them a certain degree of self-government.
- 57歳の時に蝦夷地測量の功績によって江戸幕府から改めて苗字帯刀の許可を得て佐原以外でも「伊能」姓を名乗ることが許されている。
- At the age of fifty-seven, he was provided with the myojitaito right by the Edo bakufu due to his accomplishments of geographical measuring of the Ezo area, and it was after this that he became able to use the family name of 'INO' outside Sawara as well.
- 倒幕運動(とうばくうんどう)は、主として江戸時代後期の幕末に、江戸幕府を打倒して政権打倒を目的とした幕末の政治運動を意味する。
- The Tobaku movement refers to the political movement at the end of the Edo period, which aimed to overthrow Edo Bakufu as well as the political power structure.
- 更に今日では、鎌倉幕府末期の後醍醐天皇が主導した鎌倉幕府倒幕の動き(正中の変・元弘の変)のことも「倒幕運動」と呼ぶこともある。
- Nowadays, the movements led by Emperor Godaigo at the end of the Kamakura period, as intended to overthrow Kamakura Bakufu (the Shochu Incident or the Genko Incident), are also sometimes referred to as the Tobaku movement.
- 山名氏清の嫡男時清も義弘に同心して丹波国へ討ち入り、京都市へ侵入して火を放ち、300余騎で八幡の幕府軍本陣を目指して突入した。
- Ujikiyo YAMANA's eldest son and heir, Tokikiyo, had also allied himself with Yoshihiro, and attacked into Tanba Province, invading the capital (Kyoto) and setting fires there before targeting the shogunal army camped at Hachiman and raiding it with 300 men.
- 幕府軍は豪雨による増水のため川を渡れず攻めあぐねたが、翌14日に強引に敵前渡河し、多数の溺死者を出しながらも敵陣の突破に成功。
- The river's water level was high due to a recent downpour, so the shogunal army was unable to cross the river and found themselves at a loss as to how to attack; on the next day, the fourteenth, they attempted to force a crossing right in front of the enemy army, and despite losing many samurai to drowning, they succeeded in breaking through the enemy encampment.
- この傾向は南北朝時代に入ると顕著になり、荘園の年貢の半分を幕府に納める半済や、年貢の取立てを守護が請け負う守護請が一般化した。
- These trends became still more prominent in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts with the spread of the half-tax, in which half of the yearly proceeds of a shoen were turned over to the shogunate, and the shugouke system, in which the shugo was contracted with the duty of collecting the land tax.
- 京都市が事実上京都府の政治経済の中心であり、中部と南部の中間点にあり、人口の55%をしめるので、4もしくは5をさす場合が多い。
- Because Kyoto City, the virtual center of the politic and economic, is located in the middle of the central and the southern part of the Prefecture and occupies 55 percent of the population, the Definition 4 or 5 is often used.
- 発掘が進むと、国府に明確な外郭線が存在しないこと、都市域は付けたし程度で官衙域を包み込むほどの広がりを持たないことが判明した。
- As work on the excavation progressed, it was discovered that there was not a definite outer demarcated line in Kokufu, and that the stretch of urban area was not large enough to encompass the Kanga area; rather, it was a small additional parcel of land.
- 1971年3月に京都府からトルコ風呂 (性風俗)(当時の名称)が締め出されたため、風俗店は生き残りをかけて当地に多数流入した。
- Many adult-entertainment businesses flew into this area, because Turkish bath (kind of a adult entertainment of the time) businesses were barred from Kyoto Prefecture in March 1971.
- その後、両国が友好関係にあった室町時代の前例に則って、徳川幕府から通信使派遣の要望により国使は回答兼刷還使から通信使となった。
- After that, following the precedent in the Muromochi period in which the two nations retained a good relationship, an envoy fromm Korea came to be sent to Japan corresponding to a request from the Tokugawa shogunate, and then the name of the envoy was changed from Kaito-ken-sakkanshi to Tsushinshi.
- 室町幕府によって保証されていた古い権威が否定され始め、新興の実力者が新しい権力階級にのし上がり領国を統治していくこととなった。
- Old authorities that had been backed up by the Muromachi bakufu began to be negated and emerging powerful persons rose to new establishment and governed territories.
- これに伴い、平安前期の弘仁貞観期(9世紀)には、政府の租税方針も律令が当初想定していた人への課税から土地への課税へと転換した。
- Therefore, in the Konin-Jogan eras in the early Heian period (the ninth century), the taxes policy of the government was converted from taxation on people, which was the initial policy mapped out under the Ritsuryo codes, to the taxation on lands.
- 日本の室町幕府と中国の明朝との間で行われた日明貿易(勘合貿易)は、室町初期の幕府3代将軍足利義満、明の建文帝の頃に開始された。
- The Japan-Ming trade (tally trade) between the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) in Japan and the Ming Dynasty in China began around the time when the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA of the early Muromachi bakufu governed Japan and Emperor Jianwen ruled China.
- さらに薩摩藩は旧幕府側を混乱させ戦端を開かせる誘いとして、西郷隆盛の命令で江戸で藩士に強盗や狼藉を行わせ騒擾を引き起こしていた。
- Moreover, the Satsuma Domain had allowed Takamori SAIGO order his retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo by committing robbery and violence in order to cause chaos in the former Shogunate and start a war.
- 後醍醐は幕府滅亡後に京都で建武の新政を開くが、南北朝時代 (日本)には吉野へ移り、皇居や行政機関を置いて吉野朝廷(南朝)が成立。
- After demolition of the shogunate, Godaigo carried out the Kenmu Restoration in Kyoto, but he moved to Yoshino in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and established Yoshino Imperial Court (Southern Court) by setting up a palace and administrative organs.
- 東北地方には奥州管領が設置され、奥羽2国が鎌倉府の管轄下に組み込まれると廃止されて一時期には稲村公方と篠川公方が設置されている。
- In the Tohoku Region Oshu control (奥州管領) was established, which was abolished when two countries of Ou became under the control of Kamakura-fu, and during a certain period Inamura-kubo (稲村公方) and Sasagawa-kubo (篠川公方) were established.
- 薩長中心の明治新政府が成立すると、太平洋戦争の戦前までは皇国史観の元、勤皇志士の敵である新選組は悪役として扱われる事が多かった。
- After the establishment of the New Meiji Government, in which men from the former Satsuma and Choshu Clans played leading roles, and before the Pacific War, Shinsen-gumi, which had been opposed to the Imperial loyalists, was seen as the enemy in many cases, based on the historical view that Japan was a country developing under the rule of the Emperor.
- 対応に苦しんだ幕府は、文保元年(1317年)、次回の皇位継承については両統の協議により決定し、特使の派遣はやめるように指示した。
- The bakufu struggled to handle the issue and in 1317, it indicated that the next succession was to be decided by discussion between the two lines and prohibited the sending of special envoys.
- ただ、為兼の強烈な個性は多くの敵をつくり、伏見の積極的な政治姿勢とも相まって、西園寺実兼との対立や幕府の警戒を呼ぶ結果となった。
- However, Tamekane's individualistic character made many enemies and together with Fushimi's progressive governing stance, it led to confrontation with Sanekane SAIONJI and called attention from the bakufu.
- 応永7年(1400年)3月、関東公方足利満兼は伊豆国三嶋大社に願文を奉献し、「小量をもって」幕府に二心を起こしたことを謝罪した。
- In April, 1400, the Kanto kubo Mitsukane ASHIKAGA presented a prayer-petition to the Grand Shrine at Mishima in Izu Province in which he apologized for double-crossing the shogunate 'in my narrow-mindedness.'
- 後深草の不満を受けて幕府が介入し、建治元年(1275年)に煕仁(11歳)を皇太子に指名、将来、後深草が治天となることを保証した。
- Due to Gofukakusa's dissatisfaction, the bakufu intervened and in 1275, named Hirohito (aged 11) as Crown Prince and guaranteed Gofukakusa would be Chiten in the future.
- 奥羽越列藩同盟政府から新政府に寝返った久保田藩・津軽藩・三春藩は功を労われ、明治2年(1869年)には一応の賞典禄が与えられた。
- The Kubota Domain, the Tsugaru Domain, and the Miharu Domain which defected from the Ouetsu-reppan alliance to the new government were commended for their deeds, and were given provisional shotenroku in 1869.
- 観応の擾乱(かんのうのじょうらん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1350年-1352年の観応年間に頂点に達した室町幕府内の権力闘争。
- The Kanno Disturbance was a power struggle within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that reached its height during the Kanno era from 1350 to 1352 of the Northern and Southern Court period.
- 朝廷は京都守護に代り新たに設置された六波羅探題の監視を受けるようになり、皇位継承をも含む朝廷に対する鎌倉幕府の統制が強化された。
- In place of the Protectors of Kyoto, the Court now had to accept the surveillance of the newly established Commissioner of Rokuhara, and shogunal control over Court affairs, even up to and including matters of Imperial succession, became much stronger.
- 鎌倉の武士たちが院宣に従い、義時は討滅されるであろうと信じきり、幕府軍の出撃を予測していなかった後鳥羽上皇ら京方首脳は狼狽した。
- Blithely assuming that the samurai of Kamakura would obey the Imperial decree and strike down Yoshitoki, the retired Emperor Gotoba and the rest of the capital faction leaders had not anticipated the shogunal sortie, and were thrown into considerable panic.
- 府藩県制の元では9つあった府が1874年の廃藩置県によってうち6府を県に改めたことで成立し、明治憲法下の府県制の下でも存続した。
- Out of the nine 'fu' under the Fu-Han-Ken Sei (the domain and prefecture system), six 'fu' were changed into 'ken' under Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) published in 1874, which resulted in three 'fu,' which remained in the prefectural system under Meiji Constitute.
- 菅坂峠は京都府道51号舞鶴和知線にあり、京都府北部の中心都市である舞鶴と、歴史的に深いつながりがある綾部市上林地区を結んでいる。
- It is on Kyoto Prefectural Road 51 Maizuru Wachi Route linking Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, and Kanbayashi area of Ayabe City which has historically strong ties with Maizuru.
- 明徳の乱(めいとくのらん)は、室町時代の明徳2年(1391年)に山名氏清、山名満幸ら山名氏が室町幕府に対して起こした反乱である。
- The Meitoku War was a war against the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that was started by the Yamana clan members, such as Ujikiyo YAMANA and Mitsuyuki YAMANA, in 1391 during the Muromachi period.
- 代わりに派遣された足利政知(義教の子)も上杉氏との確執から伊豆の堀越御所(堀越公方)に根拠を定めたために鎌倉府は事実上消滅した。
- As Masatomo ASHIKAGA (Yoshinori's son), who was appointed in place of Shigeuji, was based at Horikoshi palace (Horikoshi kubo) in Izu Province due to a feud with the Uesugi clan, the Kamakurafu ceased to exist in effect.
- 将軍家々宰の身分でありながら管領家々督に口をはさむ貞親の横暴に激怒した有力者細川勝元と山名宗全は協力して貞親を幕府から追放した。
- Outraged by the arrogance with which Yoshimasa interfered in the Kanrei families' affairs despite his position as a mere steward, the leaders Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA came together to banish Sadachika from the bakufu.
- この戦争の結果、薩長、薩長協力藩(佐賀藩、土佐藩等)出身者が明治政府の主体となり、日本は近代的な中央集権国家への道を歩んでいった。
- As a result of the war, members from the Sat-Cho (the Satsuma and Choshu Domains) and their supporting domains (the Saga and Tosa Domains) played an active role in the Meiji government, and Japan was to head for the modern system of centralized government.
- 金剛生駒紀泉国定公園内にあり、北の二上山 (奈良県・大阪府)、南の金剛山 (金剛山地)とともに連峰をなしている金剛山地の山の一つ。
- This mountain is located in Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park, and is one of the mountains in Kongo mountainous district which forms a range of mountains together with Mt. Nijo in north (Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture) and Kongo-san mountain in south (Kongo mountainous district).
- 幕末の頃になると京都では尊皇攘夷を叫び、幕府に反対する勤王・倒幕の志士による天誅・商家への押し込みや強盗などの騒乱が横行しだした。
- At the end of Edo period, in Kyoto, riots started to prevail as though they were punishments from heaven, burglaries of merchant residences, and robberies by zealous supporters of imperialism and the shogunate-overthrowing philosophy that advocated reverence for the Emperor and expulsion of the barbarians and those who opposed the bakufu.
- 佐々木道誉や赤松則祐らが南朝と通じて幕府に反すると、尊氏は近江へ佐々木、尊氏の子の義詮は赤松を討伐のために播磨へそれぞれ出兵する。
- Doyo SASAKI and Norisuke AKAMATSU rebelled against the bakufu and joined the Southern Court, and Takauji set out to Omi to attack Sasaki, and Takauji's son, Yoshiakira set out to Harima to attack Akamatsu.
- 榎本らは北方の防衛開拓を名目として旧幕臣政権による蝦夷地支配の追認を求める嘆願書を朝廷に提出したが、新政府はこれを認めず派兵した。
- Enomoto and some others submitted a petition for granting the control of Ezochi to the retainers of the former Shogunate in the name of development and protection of the north, but the new government rejected it and deployed troops.
- 室町幕府は今川貞世を九州へ派遣して南朝勢力を鎮圧し、直冬も幕府に屈服したため、足利義満の代には九州も幕府の支配するところとなった。
- Then the Muromachi bakufu dispatched Sadayo IMAGAWA to Kyushu to subjugate the Southern Court forces there, and after Tadafuyu also yielded to the bakufu, Kyushu passed back under the control of the bakufu during the rule of Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- ルーマニア皇太子やイギリス皇太子などの賓客も興じたことから、王子から山本浜までの道のりは『京都府道402号王子並河線』と呼ばれた。
- Since honored guests, including Crown Prince of Romania and the Prince of Wales, have also enjoyed this trip, the way from Oji (literally meaning prince) to Yamamoto-hama was known as 'Kyoto prefectural road No.402 (Oji Namikawa Route)'.
- この当時(12世紀末~13世紀初頭)は、京都の中央政府(院政)の力も衰えておらず、中央(都、首都)と鎌倉の二元的支配体制であった。
- In those days (the end of 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century) the central government (Insei (rule by the retired Emperor)) had not yet lost its power, creating a dual system of governments: the central government (Kyoto, the capital) and Kamakura government.
- 京阪に近い南部(大津市・草津市・甲賀市など)は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
- The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).
- 東から南は京都市左京区、北区 (京都市)、中京区、下京区、南区 (京都市)、西京区に接し、西から北は京都府亀岡市、南丹市に接する。
- It shares a border with the wards of Sakyo, Kita (Kyoto City), Nakagyo, Shimogyo, Minami (Kyoto City) and Nishikyo from the east to the south, and with the cities of Kameoka and Nantan from the west to the north.
- 1221年の承久の乱の結果、後鳥羽上皇を中心とする朝廷が幕府に敗れる事態となり、上皇方についた貴族・武士の所領はすべて没収された。
- As the result of Jokyu War in 1221, the imperial court centering on the Retired Emperor Gotoba was defeated by the bakufu and all the lands of the aristocrats and samurais who were on the side of the Retired Emperor were confiscated.
- 大学頭の名称は、江戸時代に儒学者の林家の当主が代々継承する称号として、また幕府の最高教育官の名称として幕府機構の中に取り込まれた。
- During the Edo period, the name Daigaku no kami became the title that had been inherited for generations by the heads of the Hayashi family, a Confucian scholar family, thus being incorporated into the organizations of the Edo bakufu (Japanese federal government headed by a shogun) as the name of its supreme educational officer.
- 久保田藩(秋田藩)は同盟に参加したものの、なおも藩内の意見が不確定だったため、新政府側の鎮撫使総督と同盟側の使者の両者が訪れていた。
- Emissaries from both the allied forces and the governor general of the chinbushi in the new government were sent to the Kubota Domain (also called Akita Domain) because opinions within the domain were not monolithic even though it had joined the alliance.
- 承久の乱(じょうきゅうのらん)は、鎌倉時代の承久3年(1221年)に、後鳥羽天皇が鎌倉幕府に対して討幕の兵を挙げて敗れた兵乱である。
- The Jokyu Rebellion (jokyu no ran) occurred in the third year of the Jokyu era (A.D. 1221) during the Kamakura period; in this armed conflict, Emperor Gotoba raised troops to attack the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) but was defeated.
- 山上・中腹には、大阪府・奈良県にある各テレビ局の京阪神と奈良県をカバーする送信所(生駒山テレビ・FM送信所)が別々に設置されている。
- The transmission stations of a TV station in Osaka Prefecture, which covers the Keihanshin area, and of a TV station in Nara Prefecture, which covers Nara prefecture (Mt. Ikoma TV FM Transmission Station) are separately located on the mountaintop and mountainside, respectively.
- しかし、1560年、桶狭間の戦いで今川義元が討死すると、今川氏は衰退し、武田信玄の駿河攻略によって、駿府は焼討ちに遭い一時荒廃した。
- After Yoshimoto IMAGAWA died in war in the battle of Okehazama in 1560, Imagawa clan went into a decline, and then Sunpu was burnt and devastated for a certain time period by invasion by Shingen TAKEDA into Suruga.
- この越境合併をする前は、地図上では、平に府境になっていたが、合併後は、大阪府高槻市北部が、凸形になり、京都府南西部は、凹形になった。
- Before the merger across the prefectural border, the borderline on the map was straight; after the merger, the northern part of Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, became convex upward, and the southwestern part of Kyoto Prefecture became concave downward.
- 武士身分を対象とした学校は、江戸幕府直轄の学校と、藩が運営した藩校に大別され、その規模、内容共にこの時代を代表する教育機関であった。
- Schools for samurai status were broadly divided into the schools under the direct control of the Edo bakufu and those run by each han (domain); both were educational institutions representing the period in their scale and content.
- 江戸時代になると幕府に公認された既存の秩序以外の形で、こうした一揆の盟約による政治的共同体を結成すること自体が禁じられるようになる。
- During the Edo period, people were forbidden to form a political community by concluding an ikki in any form other than that which accorded with the existing order that was officially recognized by the shogunate government.
- 1331年(元弘元年、元徳3年)8月、後醍醐天皇が笠置山 (京都府)で挙兵、これに応じて楠木正成も河内で挙兵して、元弘の乱が始まる。
- In August 1331, Emperor Godaigo raised an army on Mt. Kasagi (in the present Kyoto Prefecture), and Masashige KUSUNOKI collaterally raised his army in Kawachi Province, which was the start of the Genko War.
- 同盟には、武装中立が認められず新政府軍との会談に決裂した越後長岡藩、ほか新発田藩等の越後5藩が加入し、計31藩によって同盟が成立した。
- Joined by the five domains in Echigo such as the Shibata Domain and the Echigo-Nagaoka Domain when negotiations with the new government's forces collapsed because armed neutrality was rejected, an alliance was established by a total of thirty-one domains.
- 徳川慶喜が謹慎していた上野寛永寺には、旧幕府徹底抗戦派の彰義隊が集結して反政府軍の拠点となっており、しばしば新政府軍の兵士と衝突した。
- The hard-core resistant Shogi-tai from the former Shogunate forces gathered at the Ueno Kanei-ji Temple where Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA had confined himself, and, from their base at the temple, they often clashed with soldiers of the new government's forces.
- 室町幕府は守護大名による連合政権であり、足利家の執事職を起源とする管領は鎌倉幕府の執権ほどは実権が無く、幕政は原則的に合議制であった。
- Muromachi Bakufu was a united government of Shugo daimyos, and the control originating from the chamberlain position of the Ashikaga clan did not have the actual power that the regents of Kamakura Bakufu had; consequently, government by bakufu was in principle conducted through a council system.
- 現在はその少し東を国道1号(枚方バイパス、京阪国道)が通っており、峠のすぐ北に 八幡洞ヶ峠交差点(山手幹線 (京都府)の交点)がある。
- Today, National Route 1 (Hirakata Bypass, Keihan-kokudo National Road) runs slightly east of the pass and Yawata-Horagatoge crossing (a crossing on Yamate Highway - Kyoto Prefecture) is located immediately north of the pass.
- 京滋(けいじ)とは京都府もしくは京都市(以下、「京都」と表記)と滋賀県(以下、「滋賀」と表記)をあわせた地域のことを指す呼び名である。
- Keiji refers to the area made up of Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City (hereinafter, collectively written as 'Kyoto') and Shiga Prefecture (hereinafter, written as 'Shiga').
- 河内国(大阪府羽曳野市)の飛鳥 (河内国)(「近つ飛鳥」「河内飛鳥」)と区別するため、「遠つ飛鳥」・「大和飛鳥」と呼ばれることもある。
- To differentiate it from Asuka of Kawachi Province (Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture) (also known as 'Chikatsu-Asuka' 'Kawachiasuka'), it is sometimes called 'Totsu Asuka' or 'Yamato Asuka.'
- 室町時代には室町幕府および将軍家を指すようになったが、江戸時代には幕府・将軍家のみならず諸大名や上層武士も武家と呼ばれるようになった。
- In the Muromachi period, the term 'buke' indicated the Muromachi bakufu and the Shogun family, while in the Edo period, the term came to cover not only the bakufu and the Shogun family but also various daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and high-ranked samurai.
- 1793年に林述斎(じゅっさい)が林家をついで大学頭となると、それまで林家の家塾だった「湯島聖堂」が、正式に幕府直轄の学問所となった。
- In 1793, when Jussai HAYASHI inherited the Hayashi family and became Daigaku no kami, 'Yushima Seido,' which had been a government-backed school operated by the Hayashis, officially became Gakumonjo (a school) under the direct control of the bakufu.
- その後、豊臣政権から江戸幕府成立の過程において、佐竹氏や里見氏などの旧来の勢力は転封あるいは改易によって関東の地から姿を消す事になる。
- Later, in the process from the Toyotomi government until the formation of the Edo bakufu, old powers such as the Satake clan and Satomi clan, disappeared from Kanto by relocation or being deprived of their territory.
- 河内国丹北郡向井村(大阪府松原市)の庄屋で談林派の俳人でもあった寺内安林は『熊野案内記』(以下、『案内記』)と題する紀行文を残している。
- Anrin TERAUCHI, one of the headmen of Mukai Village, Tanboku County, Kawachi Province (Matsubara City, Osaka Prefecture) and a Haiku poet of Danrin-ha, wrote a book of a travel titled 'Kumano Annaiki' (Guidebook to Kumano) (hereinafter quote it as 'Annaiki').
- 741年(天平13年)以降、国ごとに国分寺と国分尼寺が建てられることになったが、それ以前から国府機能と密着した付属寺院を持つ国もあった。
- A provincial monastery and provincial nunnery had officially been built by each province since 741, however some provinces had already built their own temple having a collusive relationship with 'Kokufu.'
- 京都府中部と兵庫県中部にまたがる丹波地方と、京都府北部の舞鶴市や宮津市を中心とする丹後地方は歴史的にも経済的にも強い繋がりをもっている。
- Tanba region, extending from the Mid Kyoto Prefecture to the Mid Hyogo Prefecture, and Tango region, centering on Maizuru City and Miyazu City in northern Kyoto Prefecture, have been deeply connected in terms of history and economy.
- しかし天皇が江戸で直接政治をみるため、江戸を東京として行幸・滞在(東京行幸)することになり、太政官(政府)も移動された(東京奠都参照)。
- However, so that the Imperial Court could directly supervise the politics of Edo, the city was renamed Tokyo and became visited by and resided in by the emperor (Tokyo Gyoko; the emperor's visit to Tokyo), while the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was also relocated (refer to Tokyo Tento (transfer of the national capital to Tokyo)).
- 鎌倉幕府初代将軍の頼朝がここを拠点としたのは、父祖ゆかりの土地であったこととともに、こうした地理的条件による部分が大きかったと思われる。
- Yoritomo, the first Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, established his stronghold here largely because Kamakura was his fatherland and has these geographical features.
- 一時期、駿府藩が設置された時期があるが、駿河大納言徳川忠長の改易以後は藩は廃止され、幕府の直轄都市として駿府城代・駿府町奉行が置かれた。
- Although the domain of Sunpu was established and maintained for a certain time period, the domain was abolished after kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) of Tadanaga TOKUGAWA, Suruga Dainagon (chief councilor of state), and Sunpu Jodai (keeper of castle) and Sunpu machibugyo (town magistrate of Sunpu) were posted as a city under direct control of the bakufu.
- 明治12年(1879年)、京都府に上京区・下京区が設置されると、前述の「区」は、番号はそのままで「組」と改称、上京1 - 33組となる。
- When Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward were created inside Kyoto Prefecture in 1879, the above-mentioned 'wards' were renamed as 'kumi' without making changes to their numbers, and became Kamigyo kumi Nos. 1 to 33.
- 明治12年(1879年)、京都府に上京区・下京区が設置されると、従来の「区」は、番号はそのままで「組」と改称、下京1 - 32組となる。
- When Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward were created inside Kyoto Prefecture in 1879, the above-mentioned 'wards' were renamed as 'kumi' without making changes to their numbers, and became Shimogyo kumi Nos. 1 to 32.
- このうち西海道には大宰府(だざいふ)が筑前の国に置かれ、国境の防衛や外交事務に当たるとともに、管内諸国島を国、郡、里の三段階で統轄した。
- Among these, Saikaido contained Dazai-fu (the local government office in Kyushu region) which was located in Chikuzen Province and, in addition to protecting national borders and conducting external affairs, served to govern all islands under its jurisdiction according to the koku-gun-ri system (province-district-village system).
- 後に清河八郎に率いられて江戸に戻るが、4月に清河が暗殺されると幕府により新徴組として再組織され、主に江戸市中の警戒、海防警備に従事する。
- Subsequently, they returned to Edo led by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, but after Kiyokawa was assassinated in April, the Roshi-gumi was reorganized as the Shinchogumi by the Edo bakufu, and they maintained vigilance inside Edo City and served as the naval defense and guard.
- このため、農業系武士の代表が鎌倉幕府の御家人たちであるならば、商業系武士の代表としては運輸業者であったといわれる楠木正成等が挙げられる。
- Because of this, while the typical example of samurai who originated in farmers were gokenin in the Kamakura bakufu, the representative of samurai who originated in merchants was Masashige KUSUNOKI who is said to have been a distributor and others.
- 楠木軍は城壁に取り付いた幕府軍に対して大木を落としたり、熱湯を浴びせかけたり、予め設けておいた二重塀を落としたりといった奇策を駆使した。
- The army of the bakufu scaled the wall of Shimo Akasaka-jo Castle while the army of Kusunoki employed unprecedented tactics against the bakufu army, such as throwing enormous trees down onto them, pouring boiling water over them, and collapsing the outer layer of the two-layered wall to which they were clinging.
- 越境してきた密偵はたとえ幕府関係者であろうと厳しく断罪し、情報の漏洩防止に努め、密貿易によって外貨を蓄え続け、幕府に勝る軍事力を獲得した。
- Any spies entering its territory were severely punished, even if they were related to Bakufu, and thereby the clan endeavored to avoid the leakage of information, continued to accumulate foreign currency through secret trade with overseas countries, and acquired military power exceeding that of Bakufu.
- この時点ですでに幕府は摂関家が分裂したのと同様に王家をも分裂させる意図を持っていたとも言われる(本郷和人)が、史料がなく真相は不明である。
- At this point, the regent family had already split within the bakufu, and it is said that there were intentions to split the Imperial family in the same way (Kazuto HONGO), but there are no historical documents to prove this and the truth is unknown.
- このため、京都府と滋賀県を併せた称である「京滋」や、両市から1字ずつとった「京津」が、そのまま京都都市圏の別称として用いられる場合がある。
- For this reason, sometimes 'Keiji,' which is the combination of characters one from 'Kyoto' Prefecture and one from 'Shiga' Prefecture, or alternatively 'Keishin' which is the combination of characters one from 'Kyoto' City and one from 'Otsu' City, is used to mean Kyoto urban area.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在224町で、これらの町は2009年現在も存続している。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 224 declared towns as of 1980, which still exist as of 2009.
- 太閤検地では室町期以来、慣行となっていた地下請を継承して、村が一括して年貢を納入する村請(むらうけ)が採用され、江戸幕府も村請を継続した。
- In Taiko-kenchi, the jigeuke, which had been a customary practice since the Muromachi period, was succeeded and the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment), where one village was responsible for the collective tax payment, was applied and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also succeeded the murauke system.
- これは、土地(下地)を折半(中分)するもので、両者の交渉(和与)で中分する和与中分と荘園領主の申し立てにより幕府が裁定する中分とがあった。
- The shitaji (lands) were divided into halves and there was wayo chubun (territorial division agreed to by compromise) where the lands were divided into halves by the compromise between the both sides and in some cases the bakufu divided the lands following the claim of the lords of shoens.
- しかし、公出挙でも年利50%と高利が認められていたので、国府や郡家などの地方機関は春になると正税(租庸調)の種籾を百姓へ強制的に貸与した。
- However, since charging high annual interest rates at 50% was admitted even in Ku-Suiko, local administrative organizations such as the Kokufu (provincial office) and Gunke (public office) started to forcibly loan seed rice to peasants in spring, although such seed rice should have been stored in the provincial offices' warehouse as Shozei, the rice tax (belonging to So-Yo-Cho system [a tax system, corvee]).
- このため、撰銭の完全なる解決は、江戸時代に江戸幕府が安定した品質の寛永通宝を発行し、私鋳銭を厳しく禁ずるようになるまでの長い時間を要した。
- Therefore, the problems concerned with the erizeni act did not dissolve for a long time until, in the Edo period, the Edo bakufu issued Kanei Tsuho coins with stable quality and severely prohibited minting coins privately.
- ほとんどの守護は、幕府の枢要メンバーとして京都もしくは鎌倉に常住しており、実際の領国経営は、直属家臣や国人層から選んだ守護代に任せていた。
- Most shugo were permanently stationed in Kyoto or Kamakura as key members of bakufu, leaving the actual territory management to the shugo-dai (deputy of shugo), who were selected from vassals under the direct supervision of shugo and the kokujin stratum.
- 1467年12月19日(応仁元年11月23日)、西軍は比叡山に使いを出して義視を迎えいれると“新将軍”に奉り幕府の体裁を整え東軍に対抗した。
- On December 19, 1467, the Western camp sent an envoy to Hiei-zan to invite Yoshimi as the 'new Shogun,' who gave this camp a resemblance of legitimate Bakufu, and confronted with the Eastern camp.
- 奥羽越列藩同盟政府は、旧幕府艦隊を率いて脱走していた榎本武揚に対して援軍の要請を行うも、榎本はこれに同調せず後に敗兵を収容するにとどまった。
- The Ouetsu-reppan alliance's government requested Takeaki ENOMOTO, who led the former Shogunate warships and fled, to send reinforcements, but Enomoto did not agree to the request; later, he only accommodated defeated soldiers.
- 幕府もこれを認めざるえなくなり応永12年(1405年)頃に盛見に周防・長門の守護職を与え、更に豊前・筑前の守護まで加えてようやく帰順させた。
- The shogunate, no longer able to avoid acknowledging Morimi's overlordship of these lands, officially granted him the title of shugo over Suo and Nagato Provinces in 1405, and when they added the provinces of Buzen and Chikuzen to his dominion as shugo, he finally swore allegiance to the Shogun again.
- 最終的な政治裁可を下しうる治天・天皇の不在がこのまま続けば、京都の諸勢力(公家・幕府・守護)らの政治執行がすべて遅滞することになってしまう。
- Since the Chiten and Emperor, who would make the final political decision, were absent, the political administration of the various forces in Kyoto (kuge, bakufu, shugo) was delayed.
- しかしその後、尊氏が政務を任せていた弟の足利直義と足利家の執事の高師直が対立が表面化し、観応年間には観応の擾乱とよばれる幕府の内紛が起こる。
- But thereafter, the feud between Takauji's younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, whom Takauji had entrusted with the running of the government, and the Ashikaga family steward, Ko no Moronao, spilled out into the open, and during the Kanno era, the shogunate experienced an internal struggle known as the Kanno Disturbance.
- 後鳥羽上皇は幕府軍に使者を送り、この度の乱は謀臣の企てであったとして義時追討の宣旨を取り消し、藤原秀康、三浦胤義らの逮捕を命じる宣旨を下す。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba sent an emissary to the shogunal army, claiming that the entire rebellion was the plot of his scheming advisors, and that he was repealing the decree to hunt down and kill Yoshitoki and was issuing a new decree demanding that Hideyasu FUJIWARA, Taneyoshi MIURA and the others be captured.
- しかし、今川氏の人質として幼少時代を駿府で過ごした徳川家康が、1585年に駿府を本拠地にし、城下の整備に尽くしたため、元の活気をとり戻した。
- However, as Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who spent his childhood in Sunpu as a hostage for the Imagawa clan, decided in 1585 to make Sunpu as his stronghold and made efforts to develop the castle town, Sunpu recovered its vigor.
- 中世東アジアにおいて倭寇前期倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力が猛威を奮い、朝鮮王朝は討伐・懐柔・室町幕府への鎮圧要請など、様々な対応を余儀なくされる。
- During the Middle Age, influential maritime forces called zenki-wako (early Japanese pirates) threatened East Asia, and the Korean Dynasty was obliged to take various countermeasures including the dispatch of troops, attempts to conciliate the pirates, and requests for suppression of the pirates sent to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- これにより、まず当時の先進地域だった畿内において、民衆が連帯組織=一揆を形成して、支配者(幕府や守護など)へ政治的な要求を行うようになった。
- In the wake of the change, the masses in the Kinai region (the provinces in the vicinity of the capital which were under direct Imperial rule), which was an advanced area of those days, began to form solidarity organizations (called ikki in Japanese) to make a political appeal to their rulers such as the bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) and their shugo (provincial constables).
- 9世紀後期~10世紀にかけて、政府は従前から実施してきた人別支配を改め、収取の対象となる土地そのものに対する支配・収取体制を確立していった。
- From the late 9th to 10th century, the government gradually replaced the traditional system of direct rule over individual farmers with a system of rule and taxation of land, which became the source of taxation.
- そのため、16世紀になると室町幕府や守護大名、戦国大名たちは撰銭を禁ずる撰銭令(えりぜにれい)を発令して、円滑な貨幣流通を実現しようとした。
- Thus, in the sixteenth century the Muromachi bakufu, Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period tried to officially announce a ban on the Erizeni to achieve smoother money circulation.
- それでも旧幕府軍の兵力は上回っており洋化部隊も温存されていたのだが、徳川慶喜が将兵を置き去りにしたまま脱出したこともあり士気が低下し自壊した。
- The former Shogunate forces, while they had far superior military strength and had westernized troops, were demoralized and disintegrated because Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA fled, leaving his officers and soldiers behind.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、新政府は会津藩の武装恭順を認めず仙台藩・米沢藩をはじめとする東北の雄藩に会津藩追討を命じ、鎮撫使と軍の部隊を派遣した。
- In 1868, the new government rejected the Yonezawa domain's surrender with arms, and ordered the powerful domains in Tohoku such as; the Sendai and Yonezawa Domains, to deploy their forces to crush the Aizu Domain.
- 1351年(正平6年、北朝の観応2年)、室町幕府の内紛(観応の擾乱)により、足利尊氏が一時的に南朝に降伏し、一旦南朝に統一された(正平一統)。
- In 1351, due to an internal conflict of Muromachi bakufu (Kanno Disturbance), Takauji ASHIKAGA temporarily surrendered to the Southern Court and the two courts were once unified by the Southern Court (Shohei Itto).
- 近藤勇、土方歳三らは再起をかけ、流山へ移動するも、近藤勇が新政府軍に捕われ処刑され、沖田総司も持病であった肺結核の悪化により江戸にて死亡した。
- Although Isami KONDO, Toshizo HIJIKATA and others moved to Nagareyama and tried to regain power, Isami KONDO was caught by the army of the new government and executed, and Soji OKITA also died in Edo as his tuberculosis worsened.
- 明治元年(1868年)閏4月1日、大木喬任(軍務官判事)と江藤新平(東征大総督府監軍)が、佐賀藩論として「東西両都」の建白書を岩倉に提出した。
- On April 1, 1868, Takato OKI (Gunmukan Hanji (officer of Gunmukan Ministry)) and Shinpei ETO (army supervisor for Tosei-daitokufu) submitted a Kyoto and Tokyo petition to Iwakura as an Argument for the Saga clan.
- また、朝廷や幕府が臨時的な事業(御所造営など)のため田の面積に応じて賦課した段銭や、家屋ごとに賦課した棟別銭の徴収は、守護が行うこととされた。
- Additionally, the shugo were granted the right to collect the tansen, a tax imposed in proportion to the area by the Imperial Court or the shogunate for the contingent project (for example, building the palace) and to collect the munebetsu-sen, a tax imposed on each house.
- また、幕府も荘園制度の解体や守護の権力強化は望ましいとは考えておらず、朝廷や寺社との対立をしてまで、有力守護大名に対して度々掣肘を加えている。
- Moreover, the shogunate did not think it was appropriate to dismantle the manorial system or strengthen the power of the shugo, and this often disturbed powerful shugo daimyo despite the opposition of the Imperial Court, temples and shrines.
- 国府所在候補地が複数挙がり論争になる、史料が平安時代中期以降の編纂のため大化の改新~平安時代初期の初期国府と史料記載国府は違うと見る説もある。
- Historical records which have been subject to dispute because they record several candidate locations for Kokufu were compiled after the mid-Heian period, and there is another theory that the location of Kokufu that were established from the period around the Taika Reforms to the early Heian period differs from that established after the mid-Heian period.
- このような百姓内の階層分離が進んでいく中で、政府による律令制的支配は徐々に弛緩していき、戸籍・計帳の作成や班田などが実施されなくなっていった。
- As such a class division furthered among the population of peasants, the governmental control based upon the ritsuryo system gradually relaxed, and the bureaucratic procedures such as the household registers (koseki), the yearly tax registers (handen), and allotting of cultivation fields (handen) were no longer carried out.
- 特に明徳4年(1393年)には幕府は土倉に対して年間6,000貫文の納付と引き換えに寺社等が持つ一切の支配権を否定して臨時課役の否認を認めた。
- Particularly in 1393 when, in return for an annual payment of 6,000 kanmon paid by doso to the bakufu, all control rights held by temples and shrines were negated and special taxes were repudiated.
- 薩摩藩・土佐藩などは、当初は公武合体・徳川家を議長とする諸侯会議を目標としていたが、ある段階から幕府を見切り、それまでの敵の長州藩と手を結んだ。
- As for the Satsuma clan/Tosa clan, while they initially targeted a meeting by various daimyos headed by the Tokugawa clan, at a certain point they turned their back on Bakufu and joined hands with their former enemy, the Choshu clan.
- 後白河院政期には、平治の乱と平清盛政権の登場およびその崩壊、治承・寿永の内乱の勃発、源頼朝の鎌倉幕府成立など、武士が一気に台頭する時代となった。
- The period of insei by Goshirakawa was the age in which the samurai quickly rose to power, as can be seen in the Heiji Rebellion, the entry and fall of the government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, the occurrence of Jisho Jyuei Rebellion and the establishment of Kamakura Bakufu by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, etc.
- 遺言状も財産の分与をこまごまと定めるのみで後継者を指名する文言はなく、ただ次代の治天の指名は鎌倉幕府の意向に従うようにという遺志だけが示された。
- His will only specified the division of property without naming a successor, only indicating his wish that the naming the next Chiten should follow the wishes of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 京都府中郡 (京都府)峰山町、大宮町、竹野郡網野町、丹後町、弥栄町、熊野郡久美浜町が、2004年4月1日の市制施行により市町村合併して誕生した。
- This city was established due to the municipal merger based on the establishment of a municipal system: Mineyama and Omiya -chos of Naka County, Amino, Tango and Yasaka -chos of Takeno County, and Mihama-cho of Kumano County were merged.
- 新政府は天皇大権のもと欧米の諸制度を積極的に導入し、廃藩置県、身分解放、法制整備、国家インフラの整備など明治維新と呼ばれる一連の改革を遂行した。
- Under the Emperor's power, the new government introduced various systems from European countries and the United States, and made a set of reformations called Maiji Restoration, such as Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), abolition of the class system, establishment of the system of law and construction of national infrastructures.
- 軍事貴族たちはこのようにして受領を勤めた後、再び別の国の受領となったり、あるいは衛門府尉や刑部省丞などの武官的な官職に補任されることが多かった。
- After serving as zuryo as described above, military aristocrats often became zuryo of other provinces or were appointed to be military officers such as emonfu jo (lieutenant at the outer palace guard headquarters) and senior or junior secretaries of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice).
- 江戸時代を通じて公対民の年貢率は一貫して下がる傾向があり(特に幕府直轄地において)逃散はそれほど深刻な問題とはならなくなっていったと考えられる。
- Since public versus private land tax tended to fall consistently throughout the Edo period (especially in government-ruled areas), it is thought that chosan was no longer serious issue.
- 室町幕府の2代将軍足利義詮の頃には守護同士が対立し、執事の細川清氏などは失脚した後に吉野朝廷に属して京都を奪還するなど幕政は不安定な状態にあった。
- During the reign of the Muromachi Shogunate's second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a conflict had arisen among the group of shugo (Protectors), and after such men as the steward Kiyouji HOSOKAWA were driven out of power, they defected to the Southern Court at Yoshino, who managed to recapture Kyoto, which left the shogunate in a very unstable position.
- 南北朝時代の貞和5年(正平 (日本)4年、1349年)には、鎌倉へ尊氏の子の足利基氏が派遣され、東国支配のための出先機関として鎌倉府が設置される。
- In 1349 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Motouji ASHIKAGA, Motouji's son, was sent to Kamakura to establish the Kamakura Government, as a regional office to control Togoku.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば1980年現在630町であった(「丁目」を有するものも1町とカウントする)。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 630 declared towns as of 1980. (A town called with 'chome' is counted as a town.).
- 院政期になり北面武士・追捕使・押領使・各地の地方武士団が成立すると、質を重視する院は次第に防人軍団の規模を縮小し、大宰府消滅とともに消えていった。
- When Hokumen no Bushi (Northern Guard), Tsuibushi (Pursuit and Apprehension Agents), Oryoshi (Suppression and Control Agent) and regional samurai groups formed during Japan's period of cloistered imperial rule, the cloistered emperors who emphasized the quality of troops gradually reduced the sizes of sakimori legions, and the system eventually vanished along with the Dazaifu.
- 玉造は元慶の乱の時に、政府側についた蝦夷の名字であるため、この915年十和田火山の噴火によって埋没した遺跡との関係があるのではないかと指摘された。
- Tamatsukuri is a family name of the Emishi who had sided with the Imperial government during the Gangyo War, and accordingly it is pointed out that the family might have connected with the site buried by the eruption of the volcano in Lake Towada-ko in 915.
- 江戸時代に江戸幕府が安定した品質の寛永通宝を発行し、渡来銭や私鋳銭を厳しく禁ずるようになると、鐚銭は見られなくなり、撰銭も行われなくなっていった。
- As the Edo bakufu put Kanei Tsuho (coins) of stable quality into circulation and strongly prohibit Torai-sen and Shichusen, akusen disappeared and Erizeni was not carried out any more.
- 律令政府が722年に企画した良田百万町歩開墾計画も、勧農の一形態であり、農業生産を振興することにより、財政収入を増加・確保しようとしたものである。
- The cultivation plan for a million-cho rice field under the ritsuryo government in 722 is a kind of kanno and the government tried to increase and ensure financial revenues by promoting agricultural production.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)では南朝 (日本)に付くが後に北朝 (日本)に帰順して九州の菊池氏らと戦い、幕府から周防国・長門国・石見国の守護職に任じられた。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), they initially sided with the Southern Court, but afterwards switched their allegiance to the Northern Court and fought against the Kikuchi clan and other Southern Court supporters in Kyushu; the Muromachi bakufu rewarded them by appointing them shugo (a position tantamount to military governor) over the provinces of Suo, Nagato, and Iwami.
- 高氏は足利家譜代の被官で、高師直は執事を務め、軍事指揮官としても関東地方の南朝勢力を掃討して、関東を平定し幕府の支配下に置くなど軍事的大功を立てる。
- The Ko clan had for generations been retainers of Ashikaga and KO no Moronao acted as a steward, fighting the Southern Court forces in the Kanto region as the military commander and gained military success by placing the Kanto region under the control of the bakufu.
- こうした中、対馬藩の努力によって1607年(慶長12年)、江戸時代はじめての通信使が幕府に派遣され6月29日(5月6日 (旧暦))、家康に謁見した。
- Meanwhile, the first Tsushinshi in the Edo period was sent to the bakufu due to efforts of the Tsushima Domain and had an audience with Ieyasu on June 29, 1607.
- 政府は国旗国歌の強制にはならないとしたが、日教組側は法を根拠とした強制が教育現場でされていると主張、斉唱・掲揚を推進する保守派との対立は続いてきた。
- Although the government said that it did not become a constraint of national flag and anthem, Nikkyoso asserted that constraint on the basis of law was carried out in the field of education and conflict with conservative groups which promoted the raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem.
- 掾官はその名の通り掾や目といった下級国司の子孫が土着したものと見られ、衛門府の尉官などの官位を得ていることが多く、国衙で指導的立場にいたと思われる。
- Jokan is, as the name suggests, were regarded as localized lower-ranking kokushi descendants such as jo or sakan, and jokan often attained official ranks such as ikan and so on in emonfu (bureaucracy in the ritsuryo system of governance) and seemed to have been in a position of leadership within the kokuga.
- 安政の大獄によって吉田が処刑されると、これを機に長州藩は終始幕府への敵対心をむき出しにし、その結果禁門の変を起こし、二度に渡る幕府からの征討を受けた。
- When YOSHIDA was executed as a result of the Ansei Purge (安政の大獄), the Choshu clan started to clearly indicate its attitude of opposition to Bakufu at all times, which resulted in the Kinmon Rebellion (禁門の変), and twice they were punitively expedited by Bakufu.
- 康暦の政変(こうりゃくのせいへん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年(1379年)に室町幕府の管領・細川頼之が失脚した政変である。
- The Koryaku Coup was a coup d'etat that occurred in 1379 (the fifth year of Tenju (Southern)/first year of Koryaku (Northern)) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), in which the Kanrei, or deputy (de facto leader) of the Muromachi Shogunate, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, was overthrown and lost his position.
- そうなると、人民一人ひとりを収取(課税・徴税)単位としていた人別支配はもはや不可能となり、政府や支配層にとって別の支配体制を構築する必要が生じていた。
- Under such circumstances, controlling each member of the community by imposing and collecting taxes was no longer possible, and the government and the ruling class were becoming aware of the necessity for a new control system.
- 明治になると司法卿の江藤新平らによる司法制度の整備が行われ、1873年(明治6)2月7日、明治政府は第37号布告で『敵討禁止令』を発布し、禁止された。
- By the arrival of the Meiji period, a judicial system was developed by Shihokyo (administrator of Ministry of Justice) such as Shinpei ETO, and on February 7, 1873, Katakiuchi was banned by the Meiji Government through the issuance of 'Katakiuchi kinshirei (ban on revenge)' in Decree No. 37.
- この乱は、3年後の平治の乱の遠因ともなり、さらには日本最初の武士政権である平氏政権の成立、また関東武士団を基盤とする鎌倉幕府の成立をもたらすこととなる。
- The disturbance, one of the underlying causes of the Heiji Disturbance (Heiji-no-ran) that occurred three years later, led to the establishment of Japan's first samurai-dominated government--that of the Taira clan--and the Kamakura shogunate based on the kanto warrior bands.
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- 幕府要職や複数国守護のほとんどが細川氏、斯波氏、山名氏、一色氏、畠山氏、渋川氏、今川氏、上杉氏(外戚)など足利一門によって占められているのが特徴である。
- Major posts of the bakufu and shugos governing several lands were held by the Ashikaga family such as the Hosokawa clan, Shiba clan, Yamana clan, Isshiki clan, Hatakeyama clan, Shibukawa clan, Imagawa clan, Uesugi clan (cognate), etc.
- 応永の乱(おうえいのらん)は、室町時代の応永6年(1399年)に、守護大名の大内義弘が室町幕府に対して反乱を起こして堺市に篭城して滅ぼされた事件である。
- The Oei rebellion, which broke out in the sixth year of the Oei era (1399) during the Muromachi period, was a revolt against the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) led by the shugo daimyo (feudal lord) Yoshihiro OUCHI, in which he occupied the city of Sakai (modern-day Osaka) which was eventually brought to ruin.
- 幕府は、後嵯峨の正妻であり後深草と亀山の生母でもある大宮院に故人の真意がどちらにあったかを照会し、大宮院が亀山の名を挙げたことから亀山を治天に指名した。
- The bakufu asked Omiyain, who was the first wife and biological mother of Gofukakusa and Kameyama, which of the sons was the deceased choice and Omiyain gave Kameyama's name, who was subsequently named as Chiten.
- 北条氏に次ぐ家格と勢力を誇る有力御家人である足利氏が幕府から離反した影響は甚大で、叛乱は瞬く間に全国に波及、鎌倉幕府は短時日でもろくも崩壊してしまった。
- The effect that the Ashikaga clan, who were a prominent vassal of the Shogun after the Hojo clan in lineage and power, defected from the bakufu was very large and the insurrection rapidly engulfed the whole nation, with the Kamakura bakufu quickly reduced to disintegration.
- 中之島 (大阪府)を渡る四つ橋筋の橋に「渡辺橋」があるが、これは渡辺津の繁栄にちなみ江戸時代につけられた名前で、渡辺津のあった場所からは若干下流に当たる。
- One of the four bridges that go through Nakanoshima (Osaka Prefecture) is the Watanabe-bashi Bridge, named after the prosperity of Watanabe no tsu in the Edo period, located in the place slightly downstream from the place where Watanabe no tsu used to be.
- 初めは懐良親王ら南朝勢力の討伐に任じられた今川貞世(了俊)が就くが、了俊が九州で独自の勢力を築くと幕府に警戒され、了俊が解任された後は渋川氏の世襲となる。
- Initially, Sadayo IMAGAWA (Ryoshun), who had been ordered to subdue Nancho powers such as Imperial Prince Kanenaga, assumed the position, but the Bakufu feared that Ryoshun would establish his own power in Kyushu; after Ryoshun was dismissed, descendants of the Shibukawa clan succeeded in the position.
- また、政府内でも遷都論を唱えるものがいるとし、天皇の考えによる遷鼎(遷都)の沙汰もなく、臣下の身でこれを唱えることは決して承知しないと遷都論に釘をさした。
- It was also taken into account that there were those inside the government praising the capital transition theory, but a transition that had no basis in the mind of the emperor, was not going to be approved by having retainers praise it.
- 後醍醐と不和になっていた邦良は、正中の変以後、後醍醐を早期に譲位させるようたびたび幕府に請願していたが、正中4年(1326年)に急死してしまう(27歳)。
- Kuniyoshi was not on friendly terms with Godaigo and since the Seichu Incident, he had appealed to the bakufu to have Godaigo abdicate as soon as possible, but he died suddenly in 1326 (at age 27).
- 弘茂は幕府の援軍とともに盛見を攻めてこれを追うが、応永8年(1401年)に九州で盛見は再挙し、数度の合戦の後、弘茂は佐加利山城(下関市長府)で滅ぼされた。
- Hiroshige, together with shogunal reinforcements, attacked and drove Morimi away, but in 1401 Morimi raised a new army in Kyushu and made another attempt to win back the Ouchi lands, and after several battles between them, Morimi destroyed Hiroshige at Sakariyama Castle (in modern-day Chufu ward of the city of Shimonoseki).
- その後、公家・武家・寺院に権力が分散し、税の畿内集中が弱まることもあったが、室町幕府や南朝 (日本)が置かれたり、貿易により兵庫や堺が伸張して富を集めた。
- Thereafter, although the power was dispersed in court nobles, samurai families and temples, and the concentration of taxes in Kinai region was sometimes weakened, wealth was taken in with the establishment of the the Muromachi shogunate government and the South Court (Japan) as well as the expansion of Hyogo and Sakai by trade.
- 多紀連山(たきれんざん)は、京都府から篠山市、丹波市にかけて高い岸壁状に連なる500m~700mの山々の総称で、旧多紀郡にちなみ多紀アルプスとも呼ばれる。
- Taki mountain range is the generic name for the mountains extending from Kyoto Prefecture to Sasayama City and Tanba City in the shape of high quay wall, which are 500 meters to 700 meters high; it is also called the Taki Alps after former Taki County.
- 徳川家康による江戸幕府創設を決定付けた1600年の関ヶ原の戦いは、皮肉にも200年以上の時を超え各大名に多くの教訓を残し、それは倒幕運動へとつながっていく。
- It is ironic that the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, which was decisive in the establishment of Edo Bakufu by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, left many lessons to various daimyos over a period of more than 200 years, which led to the Tobaku movement..
- 「江戸無血開城」に成功し、事実上幕府を滅亡させた新政府の東海道軍を率いる西郷隆盛は、旧幕府穏健派の勝海舟との関係から、彰義隊への対応の甘さが指摘されていた。
- Takamori SAIGO, the commander of the Tosando-gun army of the new government which successfully brought about the bloodless surrender and virtually abolished the Shogunate, was criticized for his leniency toward the Shogi-tai because of his relationship with Kaishu KATSU, a soft-liner from the former Shogunate.
- 平安京は、現在の京都府京都市中心部にあたる、山城国葛野郡・愛宕郡両郡にまたがる地に建設され、東西4.5km、南北5.2kmの長方形に区画された都城であった。
- Heian-kyo was the castle city laid out to be rectangular, of 4.5 km east-west by 2.2 km north-south, built straddling Kadono-no-koori and Otagi-no-koori counties of Yamashiro Province (currently center of Kyoto city, Kyoto Prefecture).
- これらの国人勢力も互いに整理統合されながら、強力な戦国大名が成長し、これが群雄割拠して幕府支配に取って代わり、以後の戦国時代への流れを作ってゆくことになる。
- Such Kokujin powers were regrouped/merged and developed into strong warring lordships, which competed with each other and grew in power; they replaced government by Bakufu and gave rise to the trend of civil war that followed.
- 地方においても、形骸化していた律令制の官の復権である国司と、鎌倉幕府以来の武家による統治機構である守護・地頭の並立は、当初から新政の矛盾を示すものであった。
- In rural areas, as well, having the position of the provincial governor, working to revitalize the officers of the Ritsuryo system who had become mere empty figureheads, coexisting with the Protectors and jito (estate stewards), who had been part of the system of government by the samurai clans since the founding of the Kamakura bakufu, revealed the contradictions of the new government right from the beginning.
- 正応2年(1289年)にはこれも幕府の指名により伏見の第1皇子胤仁(2歳)が皇太子に立てられ、さらに同年後深草の皇子久明親王が鎌倉殿として幕府に迎えられた。
- In 1289, also by designation of the bakufu, Fushimi's first son, Tanehito (aged 2) was installed as Crown Prince and during the same year, Gofukakusa's son Imperial Prince Hisaaki was greeted as the head of the Kamakura Shogunate.
- 南朝が衰微して、室町時代になると京には室町幕府が置かれたために政治都市として復活する一方で経済発展を遂げ、町衆と呼ばれる有力市民による自治の伝統が生まれた。
- While the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu in Kyo during the Muromachi period following the decline of the Southern Court led to the revival of Kyoto as a political city, it also achieved economic development and a tradition of self-governance by influential citizens called machishu (merchant class) arose.
- 京都府と福井県を結ぶ幹線道路上にあるため、貨物自動車など大型車両や牽引車両も比較的多く通行しており、峠付近にトンネルの早期開通を訴える看板が掲げられている。
- As the pass is on a main road connecting Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture, quite a lot of large-sized vehicles including trucks and tow trucks go through it, so signboards requesting the early opening of a tunnel are found around the pass.
- 明治12(1879年)年、京都府に上京区・下京区が設置されると、前述の「区」は、番号はそのままで「組」と改称、上京1 - 33組、下京1 - 32組となる。
- When Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward were established inside Kyoto Prefecture in 1879, 'ward' was renamed to 'kumi' with the numbers unchanged, resulting in Kamigyo kumi Nos. 1-33 and Shimogyo kumi Nos. 1-32.
- そのため、16世紀になると室町幕府や守護大名、戦国大名たちは撰銭を制限し、あるいは禁ずる撰銭令(えりぜにれい)を発令して、円滑な貨幣流通を実現しようとした。
- Therefore, entering the 16th century, the Muromachi bakufu, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku period restricted the erizeni act or issued erizenirei (a ban on the erizeni act) to achieve smooth circulation of the currencies.
- この時点での総戦力では未だに幕府軍が圧倒的に上回っており、巻き返すのも時間の問題と思われたが、慶喜は軍を捨てて大坂城を脱出(1月6日)、海路で江戸へ逃走した。
- At this stage, the former Shogunate forces were still far superior in military strength in total and were supposedly going to take the offensive in no time; Yoshinobu, however, escaped from Osaka Castle on January 30 and fled to Edo by sea, abandoning his army.
- 足利尊氏に鎮守府将軍・左兵衛督の官位を与え、後醍醐天皇の諱「尊治」の一字を賜り、「高氏」→「尊氏」と名を改めさせる(高氏の「高」は北条高時からの偏諱である)。
- Takauji was given the official ranks and titles of Chinjufu shogun and Commander of the Left Inner Palace Guards, and honored by being allowed to use the 'Taka (尊)' character from Emperor Godaigo's own personal name (Takaharu (尊治)), letting him change the meaning of his name Takauji, from 'high lineage/clan' to 'exalted lineage/clan' (the original 'taka' (high (高)) from Takauji's name had been bestowed on him by Takatoki HOJO).
- ところが、これらの荘園の多くに幕府の地頭が置かれるようになると、しばしば年貢の未納などが起こり、荘園領主である後鳥羽上皇やその近臣と紛争を起こすようになった。
- However, because many of these private estates were located in places where the shogunate held sway, tax payments and so forth were frequently late, and the retired Emperor Gotoba, the overlord, or one of his vassals often became embroiled in disputes with the local overseers.
- 大阪市を中心とする都市雇用圏は、奈良県、兵庫県、京都府、和歌山県、三重県におよび、約1212万人(2000年)の人口を擁する日本第2位の都市圏を形成している。
- The Urban Employment Area centered on Osaka City expands to include the prefectures of Nara, Hyogo, Kyoto, Wakayama, and Mie and has a population of approximately 12,120,000 (in 2000), forming the second largest metropolitan area in Japan.
- また、前述のように足利尊氏が室町幕府成立のきっかけとなる院宣を受け取った場所でもあるため幕末の歴史家頼山陽は“足利(室町幕府)は鞆で興り鞆で滅びた”と喩えた。
- Further, as shown above, taking into consideration that Tomo is the place where Takauji ASHIKAGA received the decree which lead to the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu, Sanyo Rai as a historian in the end of Edo period thus remarked: 'Ashikaga (Muromachi bakufu) came to power in Tomo and got overthrown in Tomo.'
- 元々院政は朝廷の法体系の枠外の仕組みであったがために、『禁中並公家諸法度』ではそれを統制できず、江戸幕府による朝廷の統制に限界があることを露呈した格好となった。
- Because insei was outside the legal framework of the Imperial Court from its establishment, it could not be controlled by 'Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto'; thus it became apparent that there was a limit to how far the Edo bakufu could control the Imperial Court.
- なお、足利義満の時代に京都の土倉や酒屋に対して恒常的に役銭を取る権利を認められると、段銭や棟別銭などとともに納銭方と呼ばれる幕府御用達の土倉によって徴収された。
- Furthermore, when a permanent right to charge Yakusen (役銭) from Doso (土倉) and Sakaya (酒屋) in Kyoto was allowed during the era of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Yakusen were charged together with Tansen, Munabetsu-sen, etc., by the doso appointed by Bakufu, who were referred to as Nosen-kata.
- また留守官は明治3年5月に京都府から宮中に移され、同年12月に京都の宮内省に合併、明治4年(1871年)8月23日には廃され、東京への首都機能の移転が行われた。
- The Rusukan was moved from Kyoto Prefecture to the imperial court by May of 1870, where it was combined with the Imperial Household Ministry in December, then removed in August 23, 1871, and then all of the capital organizations were moved to Tokyo.
- 例えば、兵庫県の篠山市や京都府の園部町(現・南丹市)、奈良県の大淀町、三重県の青山町(現・伊賀市)、滋賀県の近江八幡市や高島市、和歌山県の橋本市までも拡大した。
- The commutable area was expanded, for example, as far as Sasayama City in Hyogo Prefecture, Sonobe Town in Kyoto Prefecture (currently Nantan City), Oyodo Town in Nara Prefecture, Aoyama Town in Mie Prefecture (currently Iga City), Omihachiman City and Takashima City in Shiga Prefecture and Hashimoto City in Wakayama Prefecture.
- 幕府の役所の下役で一代限り雇用名目の者達のうち、与力は本来は寄騎、つまり戦のたびに臨時の主従関係を結ぶ武士に由来する騎馬戦士身分で「侍」、同心は「徒士」である。
- Among those who worked under the bakufu's office and were nominally hired only in one generation, the '与力' (yoriki, a police sergeant) was originally '寄騎' (yoriki, lower-ranked samurai), that is, they were in the class of cavalry warriors who came from the bushi who established a temporal master-subordinate relationship every time war happened and were 'samurai,' and doshin (a police constable) were 'kachi.'
- その傾向は関東で特に強く、在地における国衙の目代や荘園の預所(あずかっそ)といった在庁官人を翻弄する権力の排除を志向する動きが鎌倉幕府の成立へとつながっていく。
- The tendency was strong, especially in the eastern regions, and movement aiming at pushing out the power that was a nuisance to zaichokanjin such as mokudai in kokuga or azukaridokoko (management position in trust) in shoen, would lead to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 15世紀後期、応仁の乱から明応の政変にかけて、幕府の支配体制が流動化していくと、守護代や有力国人が守護に代わって、領国支配の実権を握る例も見られるようになった。
- With unrest spreading over the ruling system of the bakufu in the period of the Onin War to the Meio Coup in the late 15th century, some shugo-dai and influential kokujin held real power in ruling the territories instead of shugo.
- 幕府が諸外国と通商条約を締結して開国を行うと、在野の志士(活動家)たちは、水戸学の思想的影響のもと、名分論に基づき攘夷を断行しない幕府に対する倒幕論が形成された。
- When Bakufu executed trade agreements with various countries and opened the country to foreign trade and diplomatic relations, activists outside of government, who were under the influence of Mito-gaku, built up the argument of tobaku against Bakufu, which, for reasons that were superficial, did not carry out the expulsion of foreigners.
- 京都で足利高氏の兵が六波羅探題を滅ぼし、新田義貞が鎌倉を攻め、北条高時ら北条氏一族を滅ぼし鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると、後醍醐は赤松氏や楠木氏に迎えられて京都へ帰還する。
- In Kyoto, Takauji ASHIKAGA's samurai destroyed the local magistrate at Rokuhara while Yoshisada NITTA mounted an attack against Kamakura itself; after Takatoki HOJO and the entire Hojo clan had been killed and (thereby) the Kamakura bakufu had been destroyed, Emperor Godaigo was met by Akamatsu and Kusunoki clans, and they all returned to the capital in triumph.
- しかし、ここで名前の挙げられている山名は、江戸時代前期に記された「雍州府志」における「山川門」の記述を踏襲したものにすぎず、実状にそぐわないものも少なくなかった。
- However, the mountain names listed here were just copied from statements of 'Yamakawamon' in 'Yoshufushi' (a geographical description of Yamashiro Province), compiled in the early Edo period, thus many of those names are inconsistent with the reality.
- 白河は、白川流域のうち、現在の左京区岡崎を中心として、北は北白川・東は東山 (京都府)・南は岡崎もしくは粟田口・西は鴨川 (淀川水系)に囲まれた地域とされている。
- Shirakawa is understood as the area surrounded by Kita Shirakawa to the north, Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) to the east, Okazaki or Awataguchi to the south and Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River System) to the west, centering around present-day Okazaki, Sakyo Ward, in the Shira-kawa River basin.
- 2005年に滋賀県の「分権時代の県のあり方研究会」の報告書において、道州制の前段階として京都府と滋賀県の合併(京滋合併)が案のひとつに取り上げられたこともあった。
- A report published in 2005 by 'Workshop for the functions of each prefecture in the age of devolution of power' in Shiga Prefecture picked up the merger plan of Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures (Keiji Merger) as one previous step before introducing the regional system.
- そのため、幕府の公式文書では「来貢使」という用語は一切使われていないにも関わらず、民間では琉球使節と同様に一方的な従属関係を示す「来貢」という言葉が広まっていた。
- Therefore, although the term of Raikoshi (indicating a messenger with an article of tribute from a foreign country) was not used in any official documents, the term of Raiko (coming to pay tribute), which indicated an outright master-slave relationship, came to be used widely among the general public, as for envoys from Ryukyu.
- 二上山 (奈良県・大阪府)の火山活動により火山岩屑が沈積し、その後の隆起によって凝灰岩が露出し、1500万年間の風化・浸食を経て奇岩群となった標高約150mの岩山。
- Volcanic detritus had been accumulated by volcanic activities of Mt. Nijo (Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture) and later tuff appeared on the ground due to earth uplifting; since then the tuff has undergone weathering and erosion for 15 million years to become a crag at 150 meters in height having oddly-shaped rock outcrops.
- 天皇の在所を示す高御座は現在も京都御所に安置されており、京都市が現在でも首都のままである(日本の首都を示すのは行政府の所在ではなく、高御座の置かれている処である)。
- Kyoto City remains the capital because the Takamikura, which indicates the Emperor's residence, is still housed in the Kyoto Imperial Palace (the capital city of Japan is determined not by the location of the government but by the place in which the Takamikura is housed).
- 1879年(明治12年)には郡区町村編制法により、京都に上京区と下京区の2区が置かれ、続いて1889年(明治22年)に上京区・下京区は府管轄下の「京都市」となった。
- In 1879, the two wards of Kamigyo and Shimogyo were established in Kyoto under the Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho (an act for the organization of the administrative divisions), and in 1889, Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward became 'Kyoto City' under the jurisdiction of the prefecture.
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府の成立とともに、上京の町組は1 - 45番組に編成されるが、翌明治2年(1869年)には町組改正で上京1 - 33番組に再編成された。
- With the establishment of Kyoto Prefecture in 1868, the chogumi of Kamigyo was organized into bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 45, but in the following year in 1869, they were reorganized into Kamigyo bangumi Nos. 1 to 33.
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府の成立とともに、下京の町組は1 - 41番組に編成されるが、翌明治2年(1869年)には町組改正で下京1 - 32番組に再編成された。
- With the establishment of Kyoto Prefecture in 1868, the chogumi of Shimogyo was organized into bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1 to 41, but in the following year in 1869, they were reorganized into Shimogyo bangumi Nos. 1 to 32.
- 新選組(しんせんぐみ)は、江戸時代後期の幕末期に、主として京都において、反幕府勢力弾圧・警察活動に従事したのち、旧江戸幕府の一員として戊辰戦争を戦った軍事組織である。
- Shinsen-gumi was a military organization which, during the last days of the shogunate at the end of the Edo period, suppressed anti-shogunate forces and engaged in police activities, primarily in Kyoto, and fought for the Edo shogunate in the Boshin War.
- これら有力守護は、幕府に出仕するため継続して在京することが多く、領国を離れる場合や多くの分国を抱える場合などに、守護の代官として国人や直属家臣の中から守護代を置いた。
- These powerful shugo often resided in the capital for some duration in order to serve the shogunate, and for that reason they appointed the shugo-dai (deputy shugo) from the kokujin and the direct vassals as deputies of the shugo when they left the province or had many provinces.
- 元弘の変が失敗に終わったあとも、幕府の追及を逃れた後醍醐の皇子護良親王、楠木正成らのゲリラ的抵抗運動は続き、規模的にも地域的にも次第に純然たる叛乱へと拡大していった。
- After the Genko Incident ended in failure, guerilla like resistance continued under Godaigo's son, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and gradually the size and region increased until it was a true insurrection.
- 政府は神道国教化の下準備として神仏分離政策を行なったが、明治5年3月14日 (旧暦)(1872年4月21日)のJ省廃止・教部省設置で頓挫し、神仏共同布教体制となった。
- The government advanced the policy of the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism to prepare to establish Shinto as the state religion, but their intention met with a setback due to the abolition of the Jingisho (Ministry of Divinities) and the establishment of the Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) of April 21, 1872, and they paved the way to the cooperative system for the propagation of Shintoism and Buddhism.
- 室町幕府管領の細川勝元と、山名持豊(出家して山名宗全)らの有力守護大名が争い、九州など一部の地方を除く全国に拡大、影響し、戦国時代 (日本)に突入するきっかけとなった。
- Strife between Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Kanrei (Shogun's deputy of the Muromachi Bakufu), and influential shugo daimyos (military governors-turned-provincial lords) including Mochitoyo YAMANA (later tonsured and renamed Sozen YAMANA) expanded nationwide except in some regions including Kyushu, and thereby triggering the advent of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan).
- 戊辰戦争(ぼしんせんそう、慶応4年/明治元年 - 明治2年(1868年 - 1869年))は、王政復古 (日本)で成立した明治新政府が江戸幕府勢力を一掃した日本の内戦。
- The Boshin War from 1868 to 1869 was a civil war in Japan in which the new Meiji government, brought about by the restoration of the Japanese monarchy, eradicated the power of the Edo Shogunate.
- そんな最中の応仁2年(1468年)、室町幕府御蔵奉行が花の御所再建のために調達した木材を運搬する船団が上乗を払わない事を理由に堅田衆によって積荷を差し押さえたのである。
- In 1468, under such a situation, Katata-shu seized the cargo of the fleet that was carrying wood because the shipowners refused to pay Uwanori: Okura Bugyo (the magistrate of storehouse) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had ordered the wood in order to reestablish 'Hana no gosho' (residence of Shogun in Kyoto).
- そもそも、鎌倉幕府の公式文書を使って編纂した『吾妻鏡』の記述を否定すべきではなく、『吾妻鏡』のとおり、合戦は午前に行われ午の刻(12時ごろ)に終わったとする説も根強い。
- And right from the outset, the view that, there being no reason to question what the 'Azuma kagami' - the official record of the Kamakura Shogunate - claimed, the battle thus must have been fought in the morning and had ended by 12, is strong and deeply rooted.
- しかし、このような新政策は、当然、既得権を侵害される貴族・大寺社の抵抗や全国統一政権としての性格を強めつつあった幕府の規制を受けて充分な成果を挙げることはできなかった。
- However, such new measures naturally did not attain sufficient results because of resistance from aristocrats, large temples and shrines that had their privileges infringed upon and the restrictions imposed by the bakufu, which was strengthening its character as a united national government.
- 大覚寺統は邦良の早世と後醍醐の謀反とで壊滅状態にあり、持明院統が皇位を独占することも不可能ではなかったが、後伏見は幕府の意向もあって両統迭立の原則にあくまで忠実だった。
- Although it was not impossible for the Jimyoin line to monopolize the throne since the Daikakuji line was in a devastated state with Kuniyoshi's early death and Godaigo's rebellion, Gofushimi was true to the principle of Ryoto tetsuritsu in accord with the bakufu's wishes.
- しかし、弘安8年(1285年)に泰盛とその与党が平頼綱らのクーデタ(霜月騒動)により殺害・追放されて幕府の政策が転換すると、その影響が朝廷にも及び、亀山院政は動揺した。
- However, in 1285, Yasumori and his group members were killed and exiled in a coup d'etat by TAIRA no Yoritsuna (Shimotsuki Incident) leading to a change in direction of bakufu measures that affected the Imperial Court, stunning the Kameyama Cloistered Government.
- 当初、半済は戦乱の激しい3国(近江国・美濃国・尾張国)に限定して認められていたが、守護たちは半済の実施を幕府へ競って要望し、半済は次第に恒久化され、各地に拡がっていく。
- Initially, the hanzei was granted only in the three provinces where fierce battles had raged (Omi Province, Mino Province, and Owari Provice), but the shugo competed to demand the granting of hanzei, and the right was gradually perpetuated, spreading throughout the land.
- 幕末の京都は、大政奉還や王政復古 (日本)により、政治の中心地となっていったが、京都の新政府内部から、新たに天皇親政を行なうにあたって遷都を行おうという声があがっていた。
- During the end of the Edo period Kyoto was the center of government due to the return of political power to the emperor and restoration of monarchy (Japanese), but there were calls from within the new emperor's government for capital relocation.
- 計画は事前に幕府に漏れ、参画した者はある者は殺害され、ある者は逮捕されたが、結局、朝廷関係者では、後醍醐の側近日野資朝が佐渡に配流されただけで後醍醐は罪を問われなかった。
- The plan was leaked to the bakufu and some participating members were killed, while some were arrested, but in the end, only Godaigo's aide, Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sado among the Imperial Court relations and Godaigo was not accused of any crimes.
- また、鳥羽は地方から淀川を経由して京都に物資を運ぶ拠点であり、室町時代には問丸や車借の活躍が見られ(『庭訓往来』など)、江戸幕府の京都代官の史料にも活動の様子が見られる。
- In addition, Toba was a base to transport supplies from provinces to Kyoto through the Yodo-gawa River, where toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants) and shashaku (shipping agent using carts) were active in the Muromachi period (described in 'Teikin Orai' [Collection of letters used for family education] and so on), and historical documents of Kyoto daikan (the regional officer of Kyoto) of the Edo bakufu also wrote about Toba.
- 室町幕府は、南北朝時代 (日本)の混乱や有力守護大名による反乱が収束した将軍足利義満・足利義持の代に、将軍(室町殿)を推戴する有力守護の連合体として宿老政治が確立していた。
- In the Muromachi bakufu, a system of Shukuro government (literally, 'government by experienced senior officers') as a coalition of influential shugos (military governors) upholding the Shogun (reverentially addressed to as Muromachi-dono) had been established by generations of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, by whose times the turmoil of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (period in which two - north and south) rivaling splits of the Imperial Family were fighting each other and revolts by influential shugo daimyos had been pacified.
- 政権を担当する者・勢力はいつの世でもそうすることが多いが(そうなることが多いが)、黒船に象徴される圧倒的な武力を見せ付けられた江戸幕府は、現実的な解として、開国を選択する。
- As is the general course for all persons/powers in charge of the government in any age, Edo Bakufu, which had shown the overwhelming military power symbolized by the black ships, chose to open the country to the world as a practical solution.
- 逆に尊攘派は吉田稔麿・北添佶摩・宮部鼎蔵・大高又次郎・石川潤次郎・杉山松助・松田重助らの実力者が戦死し、大打撃を受ける(彼らは後の新政府により俗に「殉難七士」と呼ばれる)。
- The 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' faction, on the other hand, took a big blow with the deaths of such important activists as Toshimaro YOSHIDA, Kichima KITAZOE, Teizo MIYABE, Matajiro OTAKA, Junjiro ISHIKAWA, Matsusuke SUGIYAMA and Jusuke MATSUDA. (They were later called the 'Seven Martyrs' by the new government.)
- 伏見は引き続き政務を執ったが政権は安定せず、正安3年(1301年)、幕府は治天・天皇の交替を要求し、皇太子邦治(17歳、後二条天皇)が践祚して後宇多による院政が開始された。
- Fushimi continued to attend to government affairs, but the government did not stabilize and the bakufu ordered a change in Chiten and Emperor in 1301, with the Crown Prince Kuniharu (aged 17, Emperor Gonijo) ascending the throne and Gouda starting a cloistered government.
- 朝廷と幕府の緊張はしだいに高まり、後鳥羽上皇は討幕の意志を固めたが、土御門天皇はこれに反対し、摂政近衛家実やその父近衛基通をはじめ多くの公卿達も反対、または消極的であった。
- Tension between the Court and the shogunate gradually escalated, and the retired Emperor Gotoba's intention to strike down the shogunate hardened, but Emperor Tsuchimikado opposed this plan, as did many of the Court nobles, including the regent Iezane KONOE and his father, Motomichi KONOE, and many nobles opposed the plan or supported it only halfheartedly.
- 通信使接遇には一度に約100万両(1両=1石換算で幕府の直轄領約400万石の1/4に相当する)かかるものであり、もともと白石は来日招聘そのものに反対であった点が注目される。
- To treat a Tsushinshi envoy, one million ryo (assuming that one ryo is equal to one koku (roughly, rice of 180 liters), this amounted up to 1/4 of the four million koku from the land controlled directly by the bakufu) was required, and attention must also be paid to the fact that Hakuseki originally opposed the invitation of the envoy to Japan itself.
- 例えば、鎮守府将軍を歴任した平良文(たいらのよしふみ)という人物は、相模の村岡に所領=名田を経営しており、兄弟で5番目だったことから村岡五郎(むらおかのごろう)と自称した。
- For instance, a man named TAIRA no Yoshifumi, who had a career as a chinjufu-shogun (general of the northern pacification command), called himself MURAOKA no Goro because he had his territory, or his myoden, in Muraoka, Sagami Province and he was the fifth eldest brother (Goro literally means a fifth boy).
- 長州藩は江戸期全体を通して表向きは幕府に恭順の姿勢をとる普通の藩として存在していたが、毎年正月には幕府への怨恨を確かめる儀式を執り行っていたと伝えられる(確たる証拠はない)。
- Throughout the Edo period, the Choshu clan superficially existed as a normal clan that assumed an attitude of obedience toward Bakufu; however, it is said that with each new year it conducted a ceremony to confirm its hard feelings against Bakufu (although no decisive evidence exists).
- また元弘の乱(元弘元年〈1331年〉)に際して後醍醐天皇の王子護良親王が鎌倉幕府の追討を逃れて落ちのびた際に利用したとも伝えられる(「大塔宮熊野落ちの事」『太平記』巻第5)。
- It had been said that in the Genko War (1331), Imperial Prince Morinaga, a prince of Emperor Godaigo, used the road to escape from the tracking by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) ('Escape of Otonomiya to Kumano,' volume 5, 'Taiheiki' [The Record of the Great Peace]).
- 同じころ幕府でも安達泰盛が主導する徳政が行われており、亀山と泰盛とのあいだには文化交流など個人的なつながりもあることから、公武両徳政には密接な連関があるものと考えられている。
- At the same time, the bakufu had political reforms led by Yasumori ADACHI, it is thought that there was a close relationship between virtuous governments in both Imperial and Military courts due to the fact that there were cultural exchanges at the individual level between Kameyama and Yasumori.
- 伏見桃山城キャッスルランド(ふしみももやまじょうキャッスルランド)は、かつて京都府京都市伏見区にあった近鉄グループ(近畿日本鉄道子会社の株式会社桃山城が運営)の遊園地である。
- Fushimi Momoyama-jo Castle Land was an amusement park located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, which was owned by Kintetsu Group (operated by Momoyamajo Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Kinki Nippon Railway Company).
- また、峠の北側は八幡市東部や京田辺市西部に造成された高級住宅街「京阪東ローズタウン」の玄関口(京都府道284号八幡インター線)となり、道路照明の整った交差点として整備された。
- The north side of the pass became the entrance (Kyoto prefectural road 284, the Yawata Interchange Line) to a high class residential area 'Keihan East Rose Town' (which was developed on the eastern side of Yawata City and the western side of Kyotanabe City) and was properly developed into a road lighting-installed intersection.
- そして幕府の管領家で堺を貿易の拠点にしていた細川氏や、山口市を本拠に博多、応仁の乱で得た兵庫などに権益を持っていた大内氏がそれぞれ独自に使節団を派遣した貿易を経営をはじめた。
- The Hosokawa clan, who was a kanrei family (family in the position of the shogunal deputy) and conducted trade from Sakai, and the Ouchi clan based in Yamaguchi City, who had interests in Hakata, and Hyogo that they obtained during the Onin War, each conducted trading separately and dispatched their own delegations.
- 後に室町幕府の14代征夷大将軍・足利義栄が将軍就任の御礼に朝廷に献上した銭貨や同じく織田信長が正親町天皇の儲君誠仁親王の元服の際に献上した銭貨が鐚銭ばかりであると非難された。
- It was criticized that the coins contained mostly akusen, the coins which Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, the 14th seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu presented to the Imperial court as a reward for the assumption of the Shogun, and coins which Nobunaga ODA presented at the ceremony of genpuku (celebration of one's coming of age) for Imperial Prince Sanehito, the chokun (crown prince) of Emperor Ogimachi.
- 義詮の死後は、足利幕府は幼い将軍足利義満を補佐した管領細川頼之の指導により、南朝方の中心的武将であった楠木正儀(正成の子)を帰順させるなど対南朝工作を行い、幕府体制を確立する。
- After Yoshiakira died, governance over the shogunate fell to the Kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, acting as advisor to the young Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA; under Yoriyuki's direction, the shogunal system was firmly established, and the Northern Court launched various maneuvers against the Southern Court, including forcing Masanori KUSUNOKI (son of Masashige), the Southern Court's chief military commander, to switch allegiance to the Northern Court.
- 征夷大将軍の足利尊氏は、鎌倉幕府の討幕や、建武の新政からの離反などにおいて尊氏を積極的に補佐した実弟の足利直義に政務を任せており、訴訟関係をはじめとする幕政は直義が司っていた。
- Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Takauji ASHIKAGA left Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who actively supported Takauji during his plans to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu and departure from the Kenmu Restoration, to manage administration and Tadayoshi was in charge of shogunate administration such as litigation.
- 壬申約条において通交に制限を加えられたのは、宗氏のように朝鮮王朝にとって陪臣に当たる者達であり、朝鮮王朝と同格である日本国王(室町幕府)の使節の通交を制限するものではなかった。
- The Jinshin Yakujo imposed trading restrictions on parties who were considered equivalent to vassals of the Korean Dynasty such as the So clan, and this treaty did not intend to restrict relations with the king of Japan (the Muromachi bakufu), who had the same rank as the Korean Dynasty.
- 果ては幕府自体が財政難を救うためにあえて一揆を黙認して「分一徳政令」(紛争となった債権額の一割を幕府に納付した紛争当事者が自由に処理できるとした徳政令)を出すに至ったのである。
- Eventually, the bakufu even issued the 'Buichi Tokusei-rei' (Ten Per Cent Debt-relief Edict), in which a party involved in a conflict was allowed to dispose their credit at will if they paid ten percent of the credit amount in dispute to the bakufu, and they acquiesced ikki in order to solve their own financial difficulty.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- 一方、東山道を進んだ東山道軍の本隊は、3月8日に武州熊谷宿に到着、3月9日に近くの梁田宿(現・足利市)で宿泊していた旧幕府歩兵隊の脱走部隊(衝鋒隊)に奇襲をかけ、これを撃破した。
- The main forces of the Tosando-gun army advancing along the Tosando arrived at Yanada-juku (currently Ashikaga City) on March 31, and made a surprise attack on a unit (the shohotai) consisting of deserters from the former Shogunate Infantry, and defeated it on April 1.
- ただし、勤皇の志士たちを多く輩出した山口県などを出身とする人々には彼らを「幕府に雇われたテロリスト集団」として位置づける人もいる(松岡滿壽男参議院議員・当時の国会での発言より)。
- However, some people from Yamaguchi Prefecture and that area, which produced many Imperial loyalists, regard Shinsen-gumi as 'a group of terrorists employed by the shogunate ' (Masuo MATSUOKA, member of the House of Councilors/taken from his speech at the National Diet, during his time in office).
- いずれにしても、建治元年の幕府の介入によって、後深草と亀山の両人が等しく皇位を子孫に伝え自らは治天となる資格を有することが確定し、これが以後200年に及ぶ王家分裂の端緒となった。
- In any case, due to the intervention of the bakufu in 1275, it was determined that both Gofukakusa and Kameyama had equal right to have their descendants as Emperor and both had eligibility to become Chiten themselves, and this was the beginning of the division of the Imperial family which lasted for two hundred years.
- 京都府は旧国制度で丹後国、丹波国(一部兵庫県を含む)、山城国の3つに分けられるがその中で京都府南部地域(きょうとふなんぶちいき)とは大まかに、次の5つの定義がなされる場合が多い。
- Kyoto Prefecture can be divided into three provinces, that is, Tango, Tanba (including a part of present Hyogo Prefecture), and Yamashiro, by former province system, however, the southern region of Kyoto Prefecture has roughly five definitions as follows.
- 長等山トンネル(ながらやまトンネル)、長等トンネル(ながらトンネル)は、いずれも滋賀県大津市と京都府京都市山科区の間にある長等山(標高354メートル)に掘削されたトンネルである。
- Both Nagarayama Tunnel and Nagara Tunnel are tunnels dug through Mt. Nagara (354 m in height) between Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture and Yamashina Ward in Kyoto City of Kyoto Prefecture.
- 鎌倉幕府が六波羅に六波羅探題を設置したのも、平家滅亡後に、京都における北条氏の邸宅が置かれていたこともあるが、検断権を巡る検非違使との直接的な衝突を避けたことも理由に挙げられる。
- This was because the Kamakura bakufu established the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency) in Rokuhara and because the Kyoto residence of the Hojo clan was established after the defeat of the Taira clan, but the avoidance of direct conflict with kebiishi over the right to judge criminal cases is also given as a reason.
- 斎藤実や鳩山文相が当時語っていたように、政府当局が処分を強行した意図は、「大学自治の総本山」と見られていた京大を強力な国家権力のもとに屈服させるという点にあったと考えられている。
- As Minoru SAITO and Minister of Education Hatoyama talked at that time, the reason why the government used force was to place Kyoto University, which was thought to be the 'stronghold of university freedom,' under the power of the government.
- その動きは早くは中世から見られるが、一般には江戸時代中期後期以後の儒教や国学 (学問)や復古神道に伴うものを指し、狭義には明治新政府により出された神仏分離令(正式には神仏判然令。
- The earliest movement had already appeared in the Medieval Period, but the Shinbutsu-bunri usually refers to the separation carried out in accordance with the advancement of Confucianism, Kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature), and the Fukko-shinto (Reactionary Shintoism) which occurred in and after the mid or late Edo period.In a more limited sense, it refers to the separation carried out throughout the country according to the ordinance issued by the new Meiji government, called Shinbutsu Bunri-rei (officially named Shinbutsu Hanzen-rei, which means the Edict for Separation of Shinto and Buddhism), which was a general term representing a series of official notices issued between April 5, 1868 and December 1, 1868, such as the edict of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), the notification of the Jingikan (Department of Worship), and the notification of the Daijokan.
- 義視出奔の原因は、武衛騒動で追放されていた宿敵伊勢貞親が幕府に復権したことが一因とされるが、このころ義政や後見人の勝元が自らの廃嫡と義尚の将軍職就任に傾いたことが主な原因であろう。
- Yoshimi's escape is partly attributed to the reinstatement of his archenemy Sadachika ISE, who had been expelled as a consequence of Buei sodo, in the Bakufu, but the main reason seems to be that Yoshimasa and guardian Katsumoto had inclined by then to favor the disinheritance of Yoshimi and the appointment of Yoshihisa as Shogun.
- 大村は5月1日、旧幕府による江戸府中取締の任を解き、東北地方、越後で仙台藩主導による北部政府(奥羽越列藩同盟)が誕生した直後の5月15日 (旧暦)(同7月4日)、彰義隊を攻撃した。
- On June 20, OMURA dismissed the former Shogunate from the task of patrolling the Edo-futyu, and attacked the Shogitai on July 4 right after the Sendai Domain-led Northern government (Ouetsu-reppan alliance) was established in the Tohoku Region and Echigo.
- 鎌倉幕府の公式日記(もしくはそれに准じるもの)である『吾妻鏡』には壇ノ浦の戦いについては元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「長門国赤間関壇ノ浦の海上で三町を隔て船を向かわせて源平が相戦う。
- In the 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East), the official (or semi-official) diary of the Kamakura Shogunate, the battle of Dannoura, listed under the entry of 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, is described as follows: 'The ships of the Minamoto and Taira, their forces apart from each other by approximately 300 meters, met in battle on the sea of Dannoura in Akamaseki of Nagato Province.
- 延享度の通信使の朝鮮朝廷への帰国報告では、信使の渡来を幕府は諸侯に「朝鮮入貢」として知らせており、それまでの使節もそれを知りながら紛争を恐れて知らぬふりをしていた旨が記されている。
- The Tsushinshi who visited Japan in the Enkyo era (1744 to 1748) submitted a report to the Korean Imperial Court after returning from Japan, and in it, described the following: The bakufu informed lords that Tsushinshi came to Japan 'to pay tributes from Korea' and all of the past envoys knew the fact but acquiesced fearing the disputes that would occur otherwise.
- 荘園領主はこうした事案(所務沙汰)について幕府へ訴訟を起こしたが、意外にも領主側が勝訴し、地頭側が敗訴する事案が多くあった(幕府の訴訟制度が公平性を確保していたことを表している)。
- The lords of shoens filed a suit to the bakufu on these incidents (shomusata, trial dealing with land-related issues), but surprisingly there were many cases where the side of the lords of shoens won a lawsuit and the side of the jitos lost (which means that the fairness of the bakufu's litigation system was secured).
- 鎌倉幕府が成立すると、御家人は鎌倉殿に対して、緊急時の軍役、内裏や幕府を警護する大番役、その他異国警護番役や長門警護番役などの軍役奉仕のほか、関東御公事と言われる武家役を果たした。
- When the Kamakura bakufu was established, gokenin played, for the Kamakura-dono, the economical roles as samurai, called Kanto-mikuji, in addition to the services of military roles, such as military roles in emergency, the Oban-yaku role for guarding the imperial court and bakufu, the Ikoku keigo ban-yaku role (the role for guarding against attacks from foreign countries) and the Nagato keigo ban-yaku role (also the role for guarding against attacks from foreign countries at a station placed in Nagato, present Yamaguchi Prefecture).
- 終期は、豊臣秀吉が死去した慶長3年(1598年)、関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康が勝利した慶長5年(1600年)、家康が征夷大将軍に任じられ江戸幕府を開いた慶長8年(1603年)などがある。
- Regarding the end, there are such views as it was in 1598, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI died, or in 1600 when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA won the Battle of Sekigahara, or in 1603 when Ieyasu established the Edo Bakufu, etc.
- 後鳥羽院は、将軍源実朝が暗殺された事を好機とし、皇権復興を企図して鎌倉幕府を倒そうとしたが失敗(承久の乱)、自身は流罪となった上、皇権の低下と朝廷へ執権北条氏の介入を招いてしまった。
- Gotoba-in tried to seize the opportunity of the assassination of Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, seeking to revive the imperial power and overthrow Kamakura Bakufu, but he failed (the Jokyu Rebellion); instead he was banished, and this brought about the weakening of imperial power and intervention in the Imperial Court by the regent Hojo clan.
- 幕府は名越高家と足利尊氏を総大将とする大軍を動員して近畿地方に増派し、叛乱の鎮圧をはかったが、高家は京都に着いてまもなく緒戦で戦死し、尊氏は後醍醐の呼びかけに応じて叛乱軍に参加した。
- The bakufu moved a large force lead by Takaie NAGOE and Takauji ASHIKAGA, adding more soldiers in the Kinki region to contain the insurrection, but Takaie died in battle shortly after arriving in Kyoto and Takauji answered Godaigo's call to join the insurrection force.
- そこで李氏朝鮮は高麗時代からの民族雑居状態の解消と、官営貿易で利益を独占する事を望み、室町幕府や九州探題、対馬の実質的な支配者である宗貞茂に対して倭寇および私貿易の取締りを要求した。
- At this point, the Joseon dynasty wanted to cull society of its multiethnic character, which had been the norm during the Goryeo period (918 - 1392), and achieve a monopoly over trade profits by bringing trade under government control, so they requested that the Muromachi bakufu, the tandai (military commissioner) of Kyushu, and Sadashige SO, the de facto ruler of Tsushima island, bring both Wako activity and private trade under control.
- 両藩への同情や日和見的に雰囲気から参加した藩だけでなく、大藩の圧力や旧幕府軍の恫喝を受けて参加した藩もあり、結束が固いとは言い難く、戦況が劣勢になるにつれ次々と同盟から脱落していった。
- Because some domains joined the alliance out of sympathy or for opportunity, and others joined it because of pressure from large domains or from coercion by the former Shogunate forces, they were not closely united; accordingly, one domain after another defected from the alliance as the situation worsened.
- 武家政権である鎌倉幕府の成立後、京都の公家政権(治天の君)との二頭政治が続いていたが、この乱の結果、幕府が優勢となり、朝廷の権力は制限され、幕府が皇位継承などに影響力を持つようになる。
- Even after the Kamakura bakufu, when a samurai government was established, it continued to rule in step with the old aristocratic system of government in Kyoto (called the 'lord governing in heaven' system) as part of a two-part government, but as a result of the Jokyu Rebellion, the shogunate gained the upper hand, placing restrictions on the power of the Imperial Court, and achieving influence over matters of Imperial succession etc.
- 深見トンネル開通までは深見隧道内で離合ができなかったこともあり、国道162号有数の難所だったが、深見トンネル開通に伴い京都府と福井県を結ぶ幹線道路としての機能をしっかりと果たしている。
- It was one of the roughest zones in National Route 162 as vehicles couldn't pass each other in the Fukami-suido Tunnel before, but after the Fukami Tunnel was opened, the pass serves well as a main road connecting Kyoto Prefecture and Fukui Prefecture.
- 区内の公称町名の数は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』下巻によれば577町(1980年現在)である(「笹屋町一・二・三丁目」と「笹屋四・五丁目」をそれぞれ1町とカウントしている)。
- According to the second volume of 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu' (Kadokawa dictionary of place-names of Japan, No.26 Kyoto Prefecture), there were officially 577 declared towns in 1980. ('1, 2, and 3-chome, Sasaya-cho' and '4 and 5-chome, Sasaya' are counted as one town respectively.)
- 本書の成立時期に言及すれば、『日本三代実録』の部分については、同書は901年(延喜元年)完成であり、その直前に道真が大宰府に流されているために同書部分は後世の加筆であると言う説がある。
- Regarding the date of establishment, one theory is that since 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six history texts) was completed in 901 and Michizane was exiled to Dazaifu just before that year, the excerpted part of the book was added at a later date.
- 援軍として派遣されていた佐賀藩兵と共同で防衛戦を行うも劣勢で、特に庄内藩には領内深くまで攻め込まれ久保田城の支城までが落とされたが、新政府軍の増援が来着したことで優勢となり反撃を行った。
- The Akita Domain, together with the samurai warriors of the Saga Domain deployed as reinforcements, fought a defensive war, but fell behind; the Shonai Domain in particular advanced deep into the Akita Domain and even captured subsidiary castles of Kubota Castle; the Akita Domain, however, prevailed due to the arrival of reinforcements from the new government's forces, and launched a counterattack.
- 中世期の武士・在地領主は、ある者は国衙から郡司職・郷司職・保司職としての地位・権利を認められ、ある者は荘園領主(本家・本所)から荘官職に任じられ、またある者は幕府から地頭職を付与された。
- Samurai and landlord in the medieval Japan took charge of the territorial management and ruling by assuming various posts and powers such as Gunji shiki (local headships), Goshi shiki (sub district headships) and Hoshi shiki (executive officer of an Imperial demesne) granted by Kokuga (provincial government office), and Shokan shiki (officer entrusted with local management of the private estate) granted by the lord of a private estate (family head or guarantor of manor), as well as Jito shiki (manager and lord of a private estate) granted by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 結果、容堂は幕末の四賢侯の一人に挙げられていながらも、討幕運動が盛んになり続けても逆に幕府を擁護したため幕末及び明治初期の政局に混乱をきたす事となり、彼の評価は芳しい物ではなくなっていく。
- As a result, although Yodo's name is listed among the Bakumatsu-no-shikenko (幕末の四賢候), he continued to defend Bakufu even when the Tobaku movement became active; this brought about confusion in political conditions at the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period, and his reputation declined.
- 池田屋・禁門の変の働きで朝廷・幕府・会津藩より感状と200両余りの褒賞金を下賜されると、元治元年9月に第二次の隊士募集を行い、更に近藤が江戸へ帰郷した際に伊東甲子太郎らの一派を入隊させる。
- After being awarded a letter of appreciation and a reward of over 200 ryo from the Imperial court/shogunate/Aizu Clan, they recruiting a second round of members, and when KONDO returned to Edo, he let Kinetaro ITO and his followers join Shinsen-gumi.
- 後醍醐は予定を早めて武装蜂起(元弘の変)に踏み切ったが、幕府は関係者の逮捕に着手するとともに、大軍を動員して鎮圧に乗り出し、後醍醐も逮捕されることを避けて京都を脱出し自ら叛乱軍に加わった。
- Although Godaigo decided to lead a military uprising earlier than planned (Genko Incident), the bakufu started to arrest related people and moved large forces to suppress the revolt, so Godaigo eluded arrest by escaping Kyoto and joined his rebel army.
- 当初、守護の職権については鎌倉期と同じく大犯三ヶ条の検断に限定されていたが、国内統治を一層安定させるため、1346年(貞和2)幕府は刈田狼藉の検断権と使節遵行権を新たに守護の職権へ加えた。
- Initially, the power of the shugo was limited to the taibon-sankajo-no-kendan, just as it was in the Kamakura period, but in 1346 the Muromachi shogunate gave the shugo the authority to judge the case of the karita-rozeki and the authority of the shisetsu-jungyo to administer the country more stably.
- また、その京都府側では名神高速道路の大山崎ジャンクション/大山崎インターチェンジがあり、名神高速道路のバイパス機能を持つ京滋バイパスが宇治・滋賀(名神瀬田東ジャンクション)方面へ分岐する。
- On the Kyoto Prefectural side, there is Oyamazaki Junction and Oyamazaki Interchange on Meishin Expressway where Keiji Bypass, which functions as a bypass of Meishin Expressway, diverges into Uji and Shiga (Meishin Seta Higashi Junction).
- 鎌倉時代にも京都の朝廷は政治機能を発揮していたが、東国支配を強めていた鎌倉殿に1185年守護・地頭の設置を認め、鎌倉幕府が全国支配を強めたため、京都は相対的に経済都市としての性格を強めた。
- The imperial court of Kyoto fulfilled a political function during the Kamakura period but Kyoto came to function more as a financial city as the imperial court allowed the Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was gaining control over the eastern part of Japan to appoint shugo (provincial constables) and jito (managers and lords of a manor) in 1185.
- 1180年代になると、平氏政権打倒を名目とした内戦(治承・寿永の乱)が起こり、最終的に、軍事貴族に出自し関東の在地領主層武士層を基盤とする源頼朝の武家政権(後の鎌倉幕府)が内戦に勝利した。
- During the 1180's a civil war (Jisho-Juei War) to overthrow the Taira administration broke out, and the samurai government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later to become the Kamakura bakufu), consisting of local ryoshu (samurai lord) and samurais in Kanto who were originally military aristocrats, won.
- 義満はこの後には将軍直轄の軍事力である奉公衆を整備し、1391年の明徳の乱においては山名氏を、1397年の応永の乱においては大内氏を追討して有力守護を弱体化させ、幕府の支配体制を固めていく。
- After the coup, Yoshimitsu established the Hokoshu, a Shogunal army directly loyal to him, and succeeded in using it to weaken the two most powerful shugo families, the Yamana clan in 1391 during the Meitoku Rebellion and the Ouchi clan in 1397 by means of the Oei Rebellion, thereby solidifying the shogunate's control over the country.
- 特に東国では武士身分の下級貴族が多数、開発領主として土着化し、所領の争いを武力により解決することも少なくなかったが、次第に武士団を形成して結束を固めていき、鎌倉幕府樹立の土台を築いていった。
- Especially in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan), many lower-ranking nobles from the samurai class were indigenized as kaihatsu-ryoshus and they often solved land disputes by force, but they gradually became closely united by forming groups of samurai and laid down the foundation for the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 翌日勝は、慶喜は隠居の上、水戸にて謹慎すること、江戸城は明け渡しの後、即日田安徳川家に預けること、等の旧幕府としての要求事項を伝え、西郷は総督府にて検討するとして15日の総攻撃は中止となった。
- The following day, Katsu delivered the former Shogunate's demands that Yoshinobu retire and be confined to Mito, and that Edo Castle be entrusted to the Tayasu-Tokugawa family after the surrender; Saigi promised to review them in the commander's office and the plan for the full-scale attack on April 7 was halted.
- 山陰海岸国立公園(さんいんかいがんこくりつこうえん)は、京都府丹後の網野海岸から兵庫県の但馬御火浦を経て鳥取県東部の鳥取砂丘までの日本海に面する75kmの海岸線を中心とする日本の国立公園である。
- Sanin Kaigan National Park is a designated national park that stretches 75 km along the coast of Japan facing the Japan Sea and the park runs along the Amino Coast in the Tango region, Kyoto Prefecture, Tajima-mihonoura Inlet in Hyogo Prefecture, and Tottori-sakyu Sand Dunes in eastern Tottori Prefecture.
- 公出挙によって、百姓が疲弊し始めたことを知った律令政府は、720年(養老4)3月、公出挙の利子率の低減(年利50%→30%)、そして養老2年以前に生じた全ての債務の免除を決定し、諸国へ通知した。
- Knowing that peasants gradually became impoverished due to Ku-Suiko, the ancient Japanese government of centralized governance decided in April 720 to reduce the annual interest rate of Ku-Suiko from 50% to 30%, and to forgive all debts born before 718, notifying various districts.
- 1347年(正平2年、北朝の貞和3年)正月に楠木正行が四條畷で戦死したのち、南朝では北朝方(室町幕府、足利軍)の来襲を防ぎ得ないのを知り、吉野を引き払い穴太に移った(皇居は総福寺であろうという)。
- In the New Year in 1347, after the death of Masatsura KUSUNOKI in the Battle of Shijonawate, the Southern Court, realizing that it could not keep off the attack by the Northern Court side (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Ashikaga army), moved to Anafu (the Imperial Palace is said to be Sofuku-ji Temple) by giving up Yoshio.
- 持明院統の嫡子量仁のほか、後二条の死後に立太子の機会を逸した恒明、邦良の同母弟邦省親王、後醍醐の第1皇子尊良親王らが次の皇太子の座を争い、最終的には幕府の裁定で量仁(14歳)が皇太子に指名された。
- The position of Crown Prince was fought over by Kazuhito, the direct heir of the Jimyoin line, Kunimi, who was the younger brother with the same mother of Tsuneaki and Kuniyoshi Shinno who lost their chances to become Crown Prince after Gonijo died, and Godaigo's first son, Imperial Prince Takayoshi, and in the end, Kazuhito (aged 14) was designated Crown Prince by the bakufu's ruling.
- しかし、4は京都府の山城広域振興局の管内地域であり、その中の向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡は地勢上も、経済上も京都市と一体にされることが多く、5の山城地区を狭義の京都府南部地域として扱われることが多い。
- However, because the region in Definition 4 is under the control of Yamashiro Wide-area Promotion Bureau of Kyoto Prefecture and Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, and Otokuni County among that region often regarded as a part of Kyoto City geographically and economically, therefore, the region in Definition 5 in Yamashiro area is often regarded as southern region of Kyoto Prefecture in a narrow sense.
- 恭順派として旧幕府の全権を委任された陸軍総裁の勝海舟は、幕臣山岡鉄舟を東征大総督府参謀の西郷隆盛に使者として差し向け会談、西郷より降伏条件として、徳川慶喜の備前預け、武器・軍艦の引渡しを伝えられた。
- With the full authority of the former Shogunate as a member of the kyojun-ha (pro-surrender group), Kaishu KATSU (commander in chief of the Shogunate army) sent a retainer of the Shogunate, Tesshu YAMAOKA as an emissary to Takamori SAIGO, the staff of the tosei supreme commander's office, for negotiation; Katsu relayed the terms of surrender: Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's confinement to Bizen (Bizen-azuke) and the surrender of weapons and warships.
- 鎌倉幕府の滅亡後も、旧北条氏の守護国を中心に各地で反乱が起こっており、7月 (旧暦)には信濃国で高時の遺児である北条時行と、その叔父北条泰家が挙兵して鎌倉を占領し直義らが追われる中先代の乱が起こる。
- Even after the collapse of the Kamakura bakufu, several provinces, especially those for which the Hojo clan formerly held the governorships, arose in counter-rebellion, and in the seventh (lunar) month, in Shinano Province (modern-day Nagano Pref.), Tokiyuki HOJO, the orphan of Takatoki HOJO, and his uncle Yasuie HOJO raised an army and captured Kamakura; Tadayoshi and the others were driven out, and the Nakasendai rebellion (so named because it took place between the old regime, the Hojo, and the new, the Ashikaga) began.
- 邦良も幼い男子を遺しており、彼らも将来は後醍醐の強力なライバルとなり得る立場にあって、後醍醐の「一代主」としての立場は幕府の権威のもとでますます明確となり、彼の倒幕志向もますます強まることになった。
- Kuniyoshi also left a young son, and he was also in a position to be a strong rival of Godaigo in the future, and the position of Godaigo as a 'One-generation-head' was becoming even clearer under the authority of the bakufu and his tendency towards overthrowing the bakufu became stronger.
- 建武の新政(けんむのしんせい)は、鎌倉幕府滅亡後の1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)6月に後醍醐天皇が「親政」(天皇がみずから行う政治)を開始した事により成立した政権及びその新政策(「新政」)である。
- The Kenmu Restoration (kenmu no shinsei) refers to the period of direct Imperial rule (where the Emperor personally controls the government) initiated by Emperor Godaigo in the sixth month of 1333, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed; it can also refer to the administrative unit of Imperial rule.
- 1のうち淀川水系(水を流せば淀川を通じ大阪湾に流れる地域)の南丹市(旧美山町 (京都府)を除く)、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡。
- 2. Among the definition 1, area of the Yodo-gawa water system (which water could end up in Osaka Bay through the Yodo-gawa River) which includes Nantan City (excluding former Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture), Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County.
- だが、江戸時代中期以後商品作物の生産が広まってくると都市周辺部の農村など本来は米の生産が可能な地域においてもなし崩しに買納制が行われていき、江戸幕府さえもが事実上の黙認政策を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, as the production of commercial crops became widely spread during the mid-Edo period, baino-sei was carried out even in suburban villages where rice can be produced, to which the Edo bakufu virtually took an acquiescence policy.
- ただし、坂本や中岡にとっては、恨みの対象は徳川家ではなく、上士・郷士という差別を生み出した幕藩体制そのものにあり、彼らは怨恨を越えて後藤象二郎、板垣退助といった上士と手を組み、幕府に大政奉還を促した。
- However, for Sakamoto and Nakaoka the target of their hard feelings was not the Tokugawa family but the bakuhan system, which had given birth to the discrimination between the Joshi and Goshi; they conquered such feelings and cooperated with Joshi such as Shojiro GOTO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, etc., and urged Bakufu to restore imperial rule.
- 亀山が倒幕を考えている、という噂が立つなどの政情不安のなか、結局、弘安10年(1287年)になって幕府は治天・天皇の交替を要求し、皇太子煕仁(23歳、伏見天皇)が践祚して後深草による院政が開始された。
- In the midst of political unrest, when Kameyama was rumored to be thinking of overthrowing the Shogunate, the bakufu ordered a change in Chiten and Emperor in 1287, with the Crown Prince Hirohito (aged 23, Emperor Fushimi) ascending the throne and Gofukakusa starting a cloistered government.
- さらにこの結果に基づき、政府と陸軍の援助を受け、大江山鉱山から11キロしか離れていない与謝郡吉津村(当時。現在の京都府宮津市と与謝野町岩滝)に専用のニッケル製錬施設、岩滝製錬所を建設することになった。
- Furthermore, based on this result, they received assistance from the government and the army, and established Iwataki Smeltery, a smelting facility exclusively for nickel, which was only 11 kilometers away from Oeyama Mine in the former Yoshizu village, Yosa County (now Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture and Iwataki, Yosano-cho).
- 鎌倉時代初期の朝廷は、幕府を武家もしくは関東と呼称していたが、承久の乱を経て、幕府が朝廷を監視するため京都に六波羅探題を設置すると、武家の語は六波羅探題のみを指し、幕府は関東とのみ呼ばれるようになる。
- In the beginning of the Kamakura period, the Imperial Court had called the bakufu buke or Kanto (derived from the 'Kanto region'), but once the bakufu installed Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) in order to monitor the Imperial Court after the Jokyu War, the term 'buke' came to indicate Rokuhara Tandai only, while the bakufu was simply called Kanto.
- 東山道を進み信州にいた土佐藩士板垣退助・薩摩藩士伊地知正治が率いる新政府の東山道軍は、この動きを封じるために板垣退助が指揮する東山道軍の別働隊を甲州へ向かわせ、旧幕府軍よりも早く甲府城に到着し接収した。
- Advancing along the Tosando to Shinshu, the Tosando-gun army led by Taisuke ITAGAKI (a retainer of the Tosa Domain) and Masaharu IJICHI (a retainer of the Satsuma Domain) sent a detachment led by Taisuke ITAGAKI to Koshu to contain the movement of the former Shogunate forces; the detachment arrived earlier than the Koyo-Chinbutai infantry and seized Koshu Castle.
- 1414年(応永21年)、4年前に京都を出奔して吉野に潜行していた南朝最後の天皇後亀山天皇とその皇子小倉宮を支持して伊勢国国司の北畠満雅が挙兵したが、室町幕府の討伐を受け和解、上皇は2年後に京に帰った。
- In 1414 (Oei 21), the provincial governor of Ise province, Mitsumasa KITABATAKE - financial backer of the last Southern Court Emperor, Gokameyama, who had fled from Kyoto four years earlier and traveled incognito to Yoshino, as well as his son Prince Oguranomiya - raised an army in response, but after receiving an order from Gokameyama to subjugate the Muromachi Shogunate, a peace settlement was reached, and the Retired Emperor Gokameyama returned to Kyoto two years later.
- 特にこのころ、伏見は第1次の院政期から引き続いて幕府から警戒されており、かつての亀山のように倒幕を考えているという噂も立つほどで、正和5年(1316年)には、伏見は幕府に告文を提出して潔白を訴えている。
- Especially around this time, Fushimi was held in suspicion from the bakufu continuing on from his first cloistered government, and there were even rumors that he was thinking of going against the bakufu and he submitted a official document appealing to the bakufu about his innocence in 1316.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- 戦国の武士の気風を受け継ぎ殉死などを行なうかぶき者を公秩序維持のため徳川家綱の代に禁止し、江戸幕府が、儒教の朱子学を公の学問としたため、信・義・忠を重んじ、気高い振る舞いを行なうのが武士であるとされた。
- The kabuki-mono (the crazy ones, dandy), who followed their master to the grave with the moral tone of bushi during the Sengoku period, were forbidden for the maintenance of public order during the generation of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA and the Edo bakufu authorized Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) of Confucianism as public scholarship and thus the bushi should emphasize the faith, justice and loyalty and behave nobly.
- 理由は頼茂が将軍に就こうと図ったためとされているが、幕府の問題のために後鳥羽上皇が朝廷の兵力を動かすのは不自然であり、頼茂が後鳥羽上皇による鎌倉調伏の加持祈祷を行っていた動きを知ったためと考えられている。
- The reason given was that Yorishige had been plotting to usurp the position of Shogun himself, but given the poor relations with the shogunate, for the retired Emperor Gotoba to send the court's military forces into action for such a reason would have been unnatural, and so it is thought that Gotoba struck because Yorishige had learned Gotoba had been carrying out incantations and prayers to curse Kamakura.
- どの戦国大名も従来の大名に替わって室町幕府に「郡検断」「軍勢催促」「段銭徴収」等の諸権力を公認されることで各地域の中心勢力を形成し、そして新しい中央政権たる豊臣秀吉の奥州仕置によって既得権益を追認された。
- Each sengoku daimyo formed the central power of influence in each region by being authorized to execute various powers such as 'jurisdiction,' 'demand for military assistance,' and 'collection of Tansen (tax on rice fields)' by the Muromachi bakufu in place of the existing daimyo and then had their vested interests confirmed by Oshu-shioki (repression of the Oshu region) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as the new central government.
- - この町名は、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』では現行行政地名とされているが、京都市の各区に属する公称町名を列挙した「京都市区の所管区域条例」(昭和24年4月1日京都市条例第7号)には収録されていない。
- This town name is regarded as an administrative district of the present according to 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten,' but it is not included in 'Municipal Ordinance of Jurisdiction Districts of Kyoto City' (Act No.7 of Kyoto Municipal Ordinance, April 1, 1949) which enumerates official town names that belong to the each ward in Kyoto City.
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- しかし、こうした守護の動向は、荘園領主の利害と真正面から対立したため、荘園領主の中には朝廷や幕府へ働きかけて守護不入権(守護またはその使節が荘園内に立ち入ることを禁ずる権利)を獲得し、守護と対抗する者も現れた。
- However, as these pushes made by shugo caused severe friction with the interests of the landholders of shoen, some landholders attained the right of shugo-funyu (privilege of forbidding shugo or its agent from entering the shoen) by appealing to the Imperial Court and bakufu, confronting the shugo.
- 明治元年(1868年)5月24日、徳川氏が江戸から駿府70万石に移されることが決まると、大木・江藤の東西両都案も決され、政府は同年6月19日、参与・木戸孝允と大木に江戸が帝都として適しているかの調査にあたらせた。
- In May 24, 1868, when it was decided that the Tokugawa clan would transfer 700,000 koku from Edo to Sunpu, the Oki and Eto draft for Kyoto and Tokyo to be the capital was decided upon, and on June 19 the government surveyed Sanyo, Takayoshi KIDO, and Oki about whether Edo was appropriate for the Imperial capital.
- 中先代の乱(なかせんだいのらん)は、1335年(建武 (日本)2年)7月 (旧暦)、北条高時(鎌倉幕府第14代執権)の遺児北条時行が、信濃国の諏訪頼重 (南北朝時代)らに擁立され、鎌倉幕府復興のため挙兵した反乱。
- The Nakasendai War was a rebellion that occurred in July 1335 in which Tokiyuki HOJO, a bereaved son of Takatoki HOJO (the 14th shikken [shogunal regent] of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), raised an army, with the support of Yorishige SUWA (the period of Northern and Southern Courts) of Shinano Province, with the aim to restore the Kamakura bakufu.
- また、守護大名による合議制の連合政権であった室町幕府は、3代将軍足利義満と6代将軍足利義教のときを除いて、成立当初から将軍の権力基盤は脆弱であり、同じように守護大名も台頭する守護代や有力家臣の強い影響を受けていた。
- Furthermore the Muromachi bakufu, which was a coalition government of shugo daimyos based on a consultative principle, had provided no solid basis for the Shogun's power since its very beginning except under the rule of the Third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and the Sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and shugo daimyos were under the strong influences of emerging shugodais and their key vassals.
- 室町幕府の財政は幕府直轄の御料所からの収入が主であったが、南北朝の戦乱の際に敵対する南朝側より狙われて奪取されたり、自軍への恩賞にされてしまうケースも多く、鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府に比べて小規模であったと考えられている。
- The majority of the financial income of Muromachi Bakufu came from Goryo-sho (御料所), which was directly controlled by Bakufu; but often, during the war of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Goryo-sho became a target and were taken by the opposing Nancho side, or were given away as rewards for one's own army, and the scale of Goryo-sho is considered to be smaller than that of Kamakura Bakufu or Edo Bakufu.
- また、近江商人が日本各地に分散して上方を日本の物資の集散地および金融の中心地へと変えた(江戸幕府は、上方を直轄地とし、さらに御三家の内、東廻り航路の友ヶ島水道に紀州徳川家、東海道・中山道合流地に尾張徳川家を置いた)。
- And the Omi merchants dispersed in various areas in Japan, changing Kamigata area to a collection and distribution center and financial center of Japan (the Edo shogunate directly controlled Kamigata area, and moreover, among three privileged branches of Tokugawa family, placed the Kishu Tokugawa family on the Tomogashima Channel in the eastward sea route, and the Owari Tokugawa family on the junction of Tokai-do Road and Nakasen-do Road).
- 亀山は失意のうちに正応2年に出家(41歳)し、翌正応3年に霜月騒動で所領を失った武士浅原為頼らが内裏に乱入し伏見を殺害しようとする事件が起きると関与を疑われ、起請文を幕府に提出して身の潔白を主張しなければならなかった。
- Kameyama was disappointed and became a priest in 1289 (aged 41), and was accused of being involved in an incident where bushi Tameyori ASAHARA and others who lost their territory during the Shimotsuki Incident, invaded the Imperial Palace and tried to assassinate Fushimi, and had to submit an appeal to the bakufu to clear his name in 1290.
- 明治元年(1868年)、京都府の成立とともに、上京・下京の町組は上京1 - 45番組、下京1 - 41番組に編成されるが、翌明治2年(1869年)には町組改正で上京1 - 33番組、下京1 - 32番組に再編成された。
- With the establishment of Kyoto Prefecture in 1868, the chogumi of Kamigyo and Shimogyo were organized into Kamigyo bangumi (town unit) Nos. 1-45 and Shimogyo bangumi Nos.1-41, but a year later in 1869, they were reorganized into Kamigyo bangumi Nos. 1-33 and Shimogyo bangumi Nos. 1-32 by the chogumi reorganization.
- 武士は当初、「侍」に象徴されるように天皇・貴族の警護や紛争の鎮圧を任とする階層であったが、平清盛の平氏政権を経て鎌倉幕府の成立に至り、旧来の支配権力である朝廷・国司・荘園に対して全国の軍事・警察を担う公権力に発展した。
- Bushi were firstly in the class which guarded the Emperor and aristocrats and suppressed the conflicts as symbolized in 'samurai,' but when the Kamakura bakufu was established through the Taira clan government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, bushi developed into the official authority which were in charge of military affairs and police activities against the Imperial Court, kokushi (provincial governors) and shoen which were traditionally ruling powers.
- 平清盛は、高倉天皇と平家一門の反対を押し切って遷都を強行したが、それは宋 (王朝)との貿易拡大によって海洋国家の樹立を目指したためともいわれ、都市整備が進めば平氏政権による「福原幕府」のようなものになったとも言われる。
- TAIRA no Kiyomori forced through his plan for the transfer of the capital, despite objections from Emperor Takakura and the Taira family, and it is said that he was aiming to establish a maritime state by expanding trade with the Sung (dynasty), and that if the city had been built, a powerful feudal government under the control of the Taira clan, a kind of 'Fukuhara Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)', would have been established.
- 幕府は朝廷権威に接近して権力の再構築を図る公武合体政策を行うが、公家の岩倉具視や、薩摩藩の西郷隆盛(吉之助)、大久保利通、小松帯刀、長州藩の桂小五郎(木戸孝允)、広沢真臣などの尊皇攘夷派らは、王政復古、武力討幕路線を構想する。
- Bakufu approached the authority of the Imperial Court and conducted Kobu-gattai (公武合体)policies targeting the re-establishment of their power, but the Sonno joi (尊王攘夷)faction, including the court nobles Tomomi IWAKURA, Takamori SAIGO (Kichinosuke), Toshimichi OKUBO, Tatewaki KOMATSU of the Satsuma clan, Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Saneomi HIROSAWA of the Choshu clan, plotted the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule and tobaku by military power.
- 財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が、その年をイメージする漢字一字の公募を日本全国より行い、その中で最も応募数の多かった漢字一字を、その年の世相を表す漢字として、毎年12月12日の「漢字の日」に京都府京都市東山区の清水寺で発表する。
- On December 12th of each year, the Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation calls upon people across the country to submit a Chinese character that symbolizes the year throughout Japan and announces the Chinese character with the most submissions as the Kanji representing the social conditions of the year at the Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture on the 'Kanji's day.'
- 江戸時代には日本の古典研究などを行う国学が発達し、外国船の来航が多発し、アメリカのマシュー・ペリーやロシアのプチャーチンらが来航して通商を求めると、幕府は条約締結に際して朝廷の勅許を求めたため、天皇、朝廷の伝統的権威が復興する。
- During the Edo period the study of Japanese literature and culture (particularly the study of Japanese classic literature) flourished, and many foreign vessels came to Japan; when Matthew Calbraith Perry of the United States and Evfimiy Vasil'evich Putyatin of Russia came to Japan and requested trade, Bakufu requested permission by the Imperial Court, whereupon the traditional authority of the Emperor and the Imperial Court were revived.
- 範囲は、右上の図の紺色・青色・水色部分に相当し、大阪府全域、兵庫県南部、京都府南部、奈良県北部および南部の一部、滋賀県南部および北部の一部、和歌山県の橋本市・岩出市・かつらぎ町・九度山町、三重県の名張市に及び、人口は約1864万人。
- The extent corresponds to the parts colored in dark blue, blue and light blue in the right figure, and covers the entire area of Osaka prefecture, the southern part of Hyogo Prefecture, the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the northern part and part of the southern part of Nara Prefecture, the southern part and part of the northern part of Shiga Prefecture, Hashimoto City, Iwade City, Katsuragi Town and Kudoyama Town in Wakayama Prefecture and Nabari City in Mie Prefecture, with a population of about 18.64 million people.
- - この町名は、京都市の各区に属する公称町名を列挙した「京都市区の所管区域条例」(昭和24年4月1日京都市条例第7号)に収録されているが、『角川日本地名大辞典 26 京都府』では昭和35年(1960年)に廃止された旧町名とされている。
- This town name is in 'Municipal Ordinance of Jurisdiction Districts in Kyoto City' (Act No. 7 of Kyoto Municipal Ordinance, April 1, 1949) that lists official town names that belong to Wards in Kyoto City, but according to 'Kadokawa Nihon Chimei Daijiten No. 26 Kyoto-Fu,' it is an old name of a town that was abolished in 1960.
- 正応元年6月10日 (旧暦)(1288年7月9日)の伏見天皇による殺生禁止の宣旨には、宣旨を適用する洛中の外側を「近境」と表現して、東は東山 (京都府)の下、南を赤江(現在の伏見区羽束師古川町)、西を桂川の東、北を賀茂の山と定めている。
- In an July 16, 1288, imperial decree by Emperor Fushimi prohibiting hunting and fishing, the area outside Rakuchu to which the ban applied was referred to as 'Kinkyo' and specified as an area extending to the base of Mt. Higashi (Kyoto Prefecture) in the east, Akae (modern-day Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi Ward) in the south, the eastern side the Katsura-gawa River in the west, and Mt. Kamo in the north.
- 戊辰戦争は、新政府下での薩長と幕府の主導権争いに起因する「鳥羽・伏見の戦い」の段階、会津藩・庄内藩の処分問題に起因する「東北戦争(北越戦争と会津戦争を含む)」の段階、旧幕府勢力の最後の抵抗となった「箱館戦争」の段階の3段階に大きく区分される。
- The Boshin War was roughly divided into three phases: the Battle of Toba and Fushimi phase which arose from the power struggle between the Sat-Cho and the Shogunate under the new government; the Tohoku War phase, including the Hokuetsu War and the Aizu War, which arose from the issue of punishment meted out to Aizu and Shonai Domains; and the Hakodate War phase in which the members of the former Shogunate staged a final revolt.
- 治承・寿永の乱の過程で、鎌倉を本拠に源頼朝を棟梁として東国武士を中心に樹立された鎌倉幕府では、東国を中心に諸国に守護、地頭を設置し、警察権を掌握していたが、西国は支配しきっておらず依然として朝廷の力は強く、幕府と朝廷の二頭政治の状態にあった。
- Given the tumultuous history of the disturbances in the Jijo and Juei eras, the Kamakura bakufu--made up primarily of samurais from the eastern provinces, having its stronghold in Kamakura, and having Minamoto no Yoritomo as its leader--exerted control over assignments of provincial governors and estate stewards in several provinces, mainly in the east, and held the power to police those domains; in the west, however, they had no real control, whereas the Imperial Court's power in the West remained considerable, and thus the shogunate and the Court were stuck as joint rulers of Japan.
- 第3回気候変動枠組条約締約国会議(だい3かいきこうへんどうわくぐみじょうやくていやくこくかいぎ)は、1997年12月に国際連合により国立京都国際会館(京都府京都市)で開催された、温室効果ガス排出規制に関する国際的な合意形成を主な目的とした国際会議である。
- The Third Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3, the Third Session of the Conference of the Parties) held on December in 1997 by the United Nations in the Kyoto International Conference Center (Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture), was an international conference of which the main object was to reach an international consensus on regulations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases,
- そこで、白石は、「対等」「簡素」「和親」を骨子として、まず待遇を簡素化し、対馬から江戸の間で宴席は下関市、鞆の浦、大坂、京都、名古屋、駿府の6ヶ所に限定し、他の宿所では食料の提供にとどめることとし、接待には通過する各藩の藩主が出向かずともよいことにした。
- Then Hakuseki simplified the treatment of the envoy as in the following based on 'Being equal,' 'Being simple,' and 'Being friendly:' For simplifying the treatment, banquets should be held at the six places of Shimonoseki City, Tomonoura, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya and Sunpu between Tsushima and Edo, only meals should be provided in other lodging places, and the lords of the domains where the envoy passed should not be required to go to meet the envoy.
- その一方で、朝廷では大覚寺統と持明院統が対立しており、相互に皇位を交代する両統迭立が行われており、1318年(文保2年)に大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇が即位し、平安時代の醍醐天皇、村上天皇の治世である延喜・天暦の治を理想とし、鎌倉幕府の打倒をひそかに目指していた。
- In the Imperial Court, on the other hand, conflict had arisen between the Kameyama (Daikakuji) and the Gofukakusa (Jimyoin) branches of the Imperial line; a system of alternating Emperors from each lineage was in place, and in 1318 Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji lineage became Emperor, taking the Engi and Tenryaku eras, the reigns of Emperors Daigo and Murakami in the Heian period, as his ideal, he aimed in secret to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- 実際、『三河物語』によると、同行しながらかなりの金品を持っていて家康従者に強奪されるのではと恐れて距離を置いていた穴山信君一行は、山城国綴喜郡の現在の木津川河畔(現在の京都府京田辺市の山城大橋近く)の渡しで、落ち武者狩りの土民に追いつかれ襲撃されて死んでいる。
- In fact, according to 'Mikawa Monogatari,' the group of Nobukimi ANAYAMA, who accompanied Ieyasu but kept a certain distance because he had a considerable amount of money and goods and was afraid of being robbed of them by Ieyasu's valets was caught up and killed by natives who were looking for fleeing defeated warriors at the ferry on the bank of the present Kizu River (in the vicinity of the present Yamashiro-Ohashi in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Province) in Tsuzuki County, Yamashiro Province.
- 江戸中期には、農村生活の疲弊が見られるようになったが、18世紀後期~19世紀前期(寛政期~文化文政期)ごろ、幕府は農村復興を大々的に進め、潅漑用水の整備や荒廃地の開発、そのための資金融資を実施するとともに、有能な者を代官に任命して長期間、同一職務にあたらせた。
- During the middle of the Edo period life in farming villages was exhausting, but during the late eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century (from Kansei era to Bunkabunsei era) the Edo bakufu began to drastically revive the farming villages, maintained irrigation facilities and developed denuded lands as well as made loans for them, appointed competent men as daikan (managing post instead of the landlord) and made him perform the same duties for a long time.
- 幕末になって江戸幕府及び諸藩は、火縄銃装備の「鉄砲組」を廃止し、洋式銃装備の「歩兵隊」や「銃隊」を作る必要に迫られたが、従来の足軽身分のものだけでは不十分なケースが多々見られ、こうした場合、新たに人員を募集し戦国時代の足軽隊に似た歩兵部隊を創設することがあった。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and its domains were forced to eliminate their 'matchlock infantry' armed with matchlocks and to form a 'musket infantry' or 'musket unit' armed with Western style firearms, however, the number of ashigaru (common foot soldiers) was sometimes not enough to form these infantries or units and, in these cases, new members were recruited to create a musket infantry similar to the ashigaru troops in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- だが、延べ数十万の兵士を都に集結させて11年にもわたり戦闘が続いたにも関わらず、主だった将が戦死することもなく、ただ惰性的に争いを続けてきた挙句に守護大名たちが獲得を目指していた幕府権力そのものが権威を失墜させてしまい、結果的に獲得するものは何もなかったのである。
- However, in spite of the 11-year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
- 山城国並びに丹波国の南部、大まかに船井郡、南丹市、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、木津川市、相楽郡(天気予報での京都府南部。ヤマト運輸も以上を京都ターミナル管轄と扱う(北部は兵庫県の神戸ターミナル管轄))。
- 1. Yamashiro Province and the southern part of Tanba Province, which roughly includes Funai County, Nantan City, Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County, Kizugawa City, and Sora County (this definition is used for weather forcast as the southern region of Kyoto Prefecture, and for Yamato Transport Co., Ltd. as the territory of Kyoto Terminal [the northern region is of Kobe Terminal in Hyogo Prefecture]).
- この地峡には、桂川 (淀川水系)・淀川・木津川 (京都府)が合流して淀川となる川の流れに沿って、右岸にJR京都線(東海道本線)、東海道新幹線、阪急京都本線、国道171号(旧西国街道)が、左岸に京阪本線、旧国道1号(現・京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線、旧京街道)がある。
- In this isthmus, along the course of the Yodo-gawa River into which the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and the Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) merge, JR Kyoto Line (Tokaido Main Line), Tokaido Shinkansen (bullet train), Hankyu Kyoto Main Line and National Route 171 (Old Saigoku Kaido Road) are on the right bank, and Keihan Main Line and Old National Route 1 (now Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto and Osaka Prefectural Road 13 and Old Kyokaido Road) are on the left.
- 戦国時代(せんごくじだい、1493年(1467年)頃-1573年頃)は、1493年の明応の政変頃あるいは1467年の応仁の乱頃をその始期とし、1573年に15代室町将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって追放されて室町幕府が事実上消滅するまでの時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Sengoku Period in Japan (from around 1493 (or 1467) to around 1573) is a chronological period in the history of Japan that commenced from the Coup of Meio in 1493 or the Onin Disturbance in 1467 and ended by the disappearance of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the purge of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA by Nobunaga ODA, the fifteenth shogun, of the Muromachi bakufu, in 1573.
- 明治維新では昌平坂学問所は新政府に接収され、併設された開成所(天文方の流れを組む)、医学所(種痘所の流れを組む)も共に1869年(明治2年)昌平学校、開成学校、医学校として再開し、同年大学本校、南校、東校となり、のち合わせて大学校となるが、1870年(明治3年)の学制改正で休校。
- Due to the Meiji Restoration, Shoheizaka Gakumonjo was condemned by the new government; Gakumonjo included Kaiseijo (which had a channel of tenmonkata (an astronomer appointed by bakufu)) and Igakusho (which had a channel of shutosho (vaccination institute)); they were reopened as a Shohei school, Kaisei school and medical school in 1869; these three became Daigaku Honko, Nanko and Higashiko in the same year and were later combined to be Daigakko, which was ultimately closed due to the revision of the school system in 1870.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に呼応した河内国の楠木正成や後醍醐天皇の皇子で天台座主から還俗した護良親王、護良を支援した播磨国の赤松則村(円心)らが幕府軍に抵抗し、さらに幕府側の御家人である上野国の新田義貞や下野国の足利尊氏(高氏)らが幕府から朝廷へ寝返り、諸国の反幕府勢力を集める。
- However, those who had responded to Emperor Godaigo's call to strike against the shogunate like Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, Emperor Godaigo's own son Imperial Prince Morinaga (also known as Moriyoshi), who had returned to secular life after serving as head abbot of the entire Tendai sect, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU of Harima Province, who provided Morinaga support, continued to resist the shogunal forces; moreover, shogunal supporters like the gokenin (lower samurai warrior vassals) Yoshisada NITTA of Kozuke Province and Takauji ASHIKAGA of Shimotsuke Province eventually turned against the shogunate and joined the Imperial cause, gathering together a force from all the various provinces sufficient to topple the shogunate.
- 事件は、京都帝国大学法学部の瀧川幸辰教授が、1932年10月中央大学法学部で行った講演「『復活』を通して見たるトルストイの刑法観」の内容(レフ・トルストイの思想について「犯罪は国家の組織が悪いから出る」などと説明)が無政府主義的として文部省および司法省内で問題化したことに端を発する。
- The incident started when a lecture, 'Tolstoy's view on penal law through his novel, 'Resurrection'' in October 1932 by Professor Yukitoki TAKIGAWA of the Faculty of Law, Kyoto Imperial University explained in his talk that 'Criminal offenses occur when organization of the national governmental is bad,' which was considered problematic by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Law as being anarchist.
- 幕末になって江戸幕府及び諸藩は、火縄銃装備の「鉄砲組」を廃止し、洋式銃装備の「歩兵隊」や「銃隊」を作る必要に迫られたが、従来の足軽隊は既に整理され事実上消滅し、残りも最低定員で末端役人や治安警備担当に振り分けられていたため、新たに人員を募集し戦国時代の足軽隊に似た歩兵部隊を創設した。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Edo bakufu and the domains abolished the 'firearm units' which bore matchlock guns and there was a growing need to form western-style infantry units and musket units, but due to the fact that the preexisting ashigaru units had already been disbanded and had virtually disappeared, with those remaining serving as low-level officials and security police, new personnel was recruited and infantry units resembling the ashigaru units of the Sengoku period were created.
- 関東地方から東北地方にかけて支配を行き渡らせるため、10月には側近の北畠親房、親房の子で鎮守府将軍・陸奥守に任命された北畠顕家が義良親王(後村上天皇)を奉じて陸奥国へ派遣されて陸奥将軍府が成立し、12月には尊氏の弟の足利直義が後醍醐皇子の成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ派遣され、鎌倉将軍府が成立。
- In order to spread Imperial control throughout the area from the Kanto to the Tohoku regions, in the tenth month the Emperor made Akiie KITABATAKE, the son of his close associate Chikafusa KITABATAKE, the Chinjufu shogun and Protector of Mutsu Province; Chikafusa and Akiie obeyed the will of Imperial Prince Yoshinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) and were dispatched to Mutsu Province, thereby establishing the office of shogun (general) of Mutsu, and in the twelfth month Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, obeyed the Imperial order of Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Narinaga and was dispatched to Kamakura, where the office of shogun of Kamakura was established.
- 明治22年(1889年)の町村制導入以後は、それぞれ京都府の上鳥羽村・下鳥羽村として別個の歩みを遂げ、大正7年(1918年)には上鳥羽村の一部が京都市下京区(当時)に編入され、昭和6年(1931年)に上鳥羽村の残部は下京区に、下鳥羽村は伏見市などとともに新設の伏見区に編入される事になる。
- After the introduction of Municipal Government Act in 1889, the two villages took its course individually as Kamitoba Village and Shimotoba Village of Kyoto Prefecture; Kamitoba Village was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City (at the time) partially in 1978, then the rest in 1931, while Shimotoba Village, along with Fushimi City, was incorporated into the newly established Fushimi Ward in 1931.
- それでも明応7年(1498年)頃より京都の住民に対する地子銭徴収が次第に増加していったこと、永正5年(1508年)以後の酒屋役徴収の強化命令が幕府から出されている事から、この時期に京都の人口回復が軌道に乗り出したと考えられ、明応9年の祇園祭の前後数年間が京都の本格的な復興期と考えられている。
- Yet, considering that the sum of jishi sen (miscellaneous taxes imposed on fields and houses under the manorial system) collected from Kyoto residents from around 1498 and the issuance of a Bakufu order for a more strict collection of sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake breweries by the Muromachi Bakufu) in 1508, the population of Kyoto presumably began to increase steadily again; the few years before and after the Gion Festival in 1500 are regarded as the phase of the real recovery of the city.
- これにより旧幕府では薩摩打倒の機運が高まり、「薩摩の不法行為を誅する」とした上奏表(討薩表)を携え、京都を兵力で抑えるべく、旧幕府側の幕府歩兵隊、会津藩兵、桑名藩兵などが大阪から進軍し、薩摩藩・長州藩の軍勢と慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、京都南郊外の鳥羽と伏見で衝突した。
- This incident gathered momentum among the former Shogunate to fight against the Satsuma Domain; with the statement to the Emperor declaring that they would avenge Satsuma's wrongs (to-satsu-hyo), the Shogunate infantry of the former Shogunate and warriors of the Aizu and Kuwana Domains advanced from Osaka to pacify Kyoto and they clashed with the forces of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains in Toba and Fushimi on the outskirts of southern Kyoto on January 27, 1868.
- また、明治時代末期から第二次世界大戦敗戦まで、当時の政府の公式見解においては、南朝 (日本)を正統な皇統としてこの時代を「南北朝時代 (日本)」と称していたが、その結果、北朝 (日本)が任じた初代尊氏・2代足利義詮・3代足利義満(南北朝合一以前)は正式な将軍とは認められていなかった(皇国史観)。
- Also, according to the official opinion of the government at the time, from the end of the Meiji period until defeat in World War II, Nancho (Japan) was regarded as the legitimate imperial line, and this age was referred to as the 'period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan)'; because of such a view, the first shogun Takauji, the second shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA were not acknowledged as official shoguns (based on imperial history).
- 氷川神社が延喜式に掲載されている古社であり、かつ、氷川神社の主祭神がスサノオになった(=元々主祭神であったアラハバキ神が客人神になった)のは江戸幕府の政治的意図によるものであることからすれば、出雲と氷川の繋がりの話は、大和朝廷による蝦夷(含、渡来人)支配の一過程であると捉えたほうがよさそうである。
- Since Hikawa-jinja Shrine is an old establishment listed in the 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) and the main god of Hikawa-jinja Shrine became Susanoo (in other words, the original main god Arahabaki became the guest god) only because of political reasons of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the story on the link between Izumo and Hikawa may be taken as part of the process of Emishi (including Toraijin [people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese]) control by the Yamato Court.
- また和歌山・奈良・三重の3県の教育委員会が市町村教育委員会および文化庁と調整のうえで定めた包括的な保存管理計画にもとづき、個別遺産の管理にあたる県ないし市町村教育委員会が個別の保存管理の策定・実施にあたる体制がとられており、保存管理にあたって必要な資金や技術についても政府や県による支援が行われている。
- And based on the comprehensive plan of the preservation and the management that the Education Boards of three prefectures including Wakayama, Nara and Mie determined after the adjustments by the local education boards and the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the prefectures or the local education boards arranges plans of the preservation for each site and executes them, besides, the government and prefectures appropriate funds and materials for the preservation and the management.
- また通称「京都府道28号小倉西舞鶴線」や国道27号を中心にベストワン舞鶴店(同2,396㎡、平成8年開業)や100満ボルト舞鶴店(同1,589㎡、平成8年開業)など郊外型大型店や洋服の青山やオートバックス、スシローなどロードサイド型店舗などが多数立地し、福井県や丹後地方からの近隣からの流入も増加している。
- Also around the road commonly called 'Kyoto Prefectural Road 28 Kokura Nishi Maizuru Line' and National Route 27, numerous shops have been built, such as large suburban shopping centers including Best one (an appliance store) Maizuru store (floor space: 2,396 square meters, open in 1996), and 100 man volt (an appliance store in 3Q Group) Maizuru store (floor space: 1,589 square meters, open in 1996), and road-side stores including Yofuku no Aoyama (a men's clothing store, Aoyama Trading Co., Ltd.), Autobacs Seven Co., Ltd. (an auto-supply shop), and AKINDO SUSHIRO CO., LTD. (a sushi restaurant), and they also lead to an increase in a population flow from nearby including Fukui Prefecture and Tango region.
- 1354年(正平9年、北朝の文和3年)10月に河内天野山金剛寺 (河内長野市)(大阪府河内長野市)に、6年後の1359年(正平14年、北朝の延文4年/応安元年)には河内観心寺(河内長野市)に移り、さらに翌年住吉に移って住吉行宮の祠宮津守氏の館を皇居とし1368年(正平23年、北朝の貞治7年)ここで死去した。
- In October of 1354, the Emperor Gomurakami moved to Amano-san Kongo-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City) (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture), and six years later in 1359, to Kanshin-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City), and furthermore in the following year he moved to Sumiyoshi to make the residence of the Hokoramiya (Shinto priest) Tsumori clan, known as the Sumiyoshi-angu (temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit in Sumiyoshi), the Imperial Palace, where he died in 1368.
- 天皇・皇后の東京への行幸啓のたびに、公卿・諸藩主・京都の政府役人・京都市民などから行幸啓の中止・反対の声があがり、政府は「これからも四方へ天皇陛下の行幸があるだろうが、京都は千有余年の帝城で大切に思っておられるから心配はいらない」とする諭告(『告諭大意』)を京都府から出させ、人心の動揺を鎮めることに努めた。
- Every time the Emperor and empress left for Tokyo, there were calls in opposition and cancellations by the nobles, domain lords, government officials, and citizens in Kyoto, and the government issued a statement saying 'The emperor will be visiting all around, and there is nothing to worry about because Kyoto is the imperial palace of 1000 years which is still very important.' in the 'Official Notice' that was released from the Kyoto government and was able to calm everyone's hearts.
- 西園寺家の鳥羽の荘園は鳥羽荘と称されて、『管見記』によれば応仁の乱最中の文明 (日本)年間にも西園寺家の支配が確認でき、室町幕府官僚の大舘尚氏による『大舘常興日記』には大永5年(1527年)に行われていた西園寺家の鳥羽荘と久我家の久我荘の境相論についての覚書が残されているなど、戦国時代 (日本)まで同家の所領であった。
- The manor in Toba, called Toba no sho, was owned by the Saionji family as their shoryo (territory) until the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) as described in 'Kankenki' (The house diary of the Saionji family) which shows the manor was ruled by the Saionji family during the Onin War in Bunmei era (1469 to 1486), and in 'Odachi Joko Nikki' (The Diary of Joko ODACHI) written by Hisauji ODACHI, who was a bureaucrat of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which contains a memorandum regarding the dispute over the boundaries between the Saionji family's Toba no sho and the Koga family's Koga no sho (manor), and so on.
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 明治2年(1869年)1月25日、東京への再度の行幸を前に岩倉は、天皇の意向を知らずに政府や民間で遷都があるかのように思っている者が少なからずいるために、京都や大坂の人々の動揺が大きくなっているとし、関東諸国は王化が行き届いていないため新政を施すための再幸である旨を十分に分からせるための諭令を出すよう求める建議を行なった。
- Before the second return of the emperor to Tokyo on January 25, 1869, Iwakura believed that there were many in the government including civilians who thought of the move as a capital transition without understanding the true intentions of the emperor, and from the agitation of those in Kyoto and Osaka, held out a proposition of an expostulation edict to let everyone know the reason why the emperor was returning again to set up a new government in Kanto where his influential virtue had not been delivered in the past.
- 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
- Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.
- 山崎の戦い(やまざきのたたかい)は、天正10年(1582年)6月に本能寺の変で織田信長を討った明智光秀に対して、高松城 (備中国)の攻城戦から引き返してきた豊臣秀吉が、6月13日(西暦7月2日)京都へ向かう途中の摂津国と山城国の境に位置する山崎(大阪府三島郡 (大阪府)島本町山崎、京都府乙訓郡大山崎町)で、明智軍と激突した戦いである。
- The Battle of Yamazaki was fought between Mitsuhide AKECHI, who had defeated Nobunaga ODA in the Honnoji Incident in June and July 1582, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI returning from an attack on Takamatsu-jo Castle (in Bicchu Province); the scene of the battle was Yamazaki (Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka Prefecture and Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture), located on the border between Settsu Province and Yamashiro Province, where Toyotomi's forces passed on their way to Kyoto and clashed head on with Akechi's on July 2.
- 新撰組組員の墓参りをする女性ファンも多く、坂本龍馬ら勤皇の志士と共に“日本史のアイドル的存在”となっているが、明治政府がかれらと敵対する勤皇派志士たちによって設立された経緯もあり、近年まで史学的にもほとんど注目されることがなく、現在における人気は子母沢寛や司馬遼太郎らによる新選組をテーマにした数々の小説やTVドラマ・映画等の影響が大きい。
- Many female fans also visit the tombs of Shinsen-gumi members, who, together with Imperial loyalists such as Ryoma SAKAMOTO, are 'idols of Japanese history'; but as the Meiji Government was established by Imperial loyalists who were opposed to them, hardly any notice was taken of Shinsen-gumi from a historical standpoint until recently, and their current popularity owes much to many novels about them written by such people as Kan SHIMOZAWA, Ryotaro SHIBA, and also TV dramas, movies, etc.
- 1339年(延元4年/暦応2年)に後醍醐天皇が死去すると親房が南朝の指導的人物となるが、親房が1354年(正平9年/文和3年)に死去すると南朝はまた衰微し、幕府内での抗争で失脚した細川清氏が楠木正儀らと南朝に帰順して一時は京都を占拠するものの1367年(正平22年/貞治6年)に敗れ、以降は大規模な南朝の攻勢もなくなり、足利義詮時代には大内弘世や山名時氏なども帰服する。
- When Emperor Godaigo passed away in 1339, Chikafusa became the de facto leader of the Southern Court, but when Chikafusa himself died in 1354, the Southern Court again fell into decline; having lost the internal power struggle within the Ashikaga shogunate, Kiyouji HOSOKAWA switched allegiance to Masanori KUSUNOKI and the Southern Court and together managed to briefly occupy Kyoto, but in 1367 they were defeated, and thereafter the Southern Court lost its large-scale military might, and even suffered the loss of Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA, who submitted to the shogunate during the rule of Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- 政府の公式見解は、国家国旗法案が提出された際の1999年6月11日段階では、「『君』とは、『大日本帝国憲法下では主権者である天皇を指していたと言われているが、日本国憲法下では、日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴である天皇と解釈するのが適当である。』(「君が代」の歌詞は、)『日本国憲法下では、天皇を日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴とする我が国の末永い繁栄と平和を祈念したものと理解することが適当である』」とした。
- According to the official view of the Government of Japan, it was explained on June 11, 1999 as 'Although it is said that, under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan,' the word 'Kimi' meant the emperor, who was the sovereign, but under the Constitution of Japan, it is appropriate to interpret it as the emperor who is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people' and '(the words of 'Kimigayo' is) under the Constitution of Japan, it is appropriate to understand them to be the hope for prosperity of Japan, which has the emperor as the symbol of State and the unity of the people and peace.'
- 国司は中央政府から検田権を委譲されると、治田(ちでん、田堵の開発した小規模の墾田)や公験(くげん、正式に土地所有を認めた文書)のない荘園・私領(郡司・郷司など在地領主の所領)を次々に没収して国衙領に組み入れ、税収を確保しようとした(この権限が強かったことは、若狭国にあった摂関家の荘園が国司に接収された際に関白藤原頼通が国司に公験不備を指摘されると、国司の判断を妥当とした(『小右記』万寿2年9月1日・13日条)ことでも明らかである)。
- When the right of cadastral surveys was transferred to kokushi from the central government, the shoens and private lands (lands of local lords such as gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and so on) without chiden (small scale land already developed by tato) or kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi or gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property) were confiscated one after another into kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in order for them to secure tax revenue (it is clear that this authority was strong because when the shoen of sekkan-ke in Wakasa Province was confiscated by kokushi and it was pointed out that FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the chief adviser to the emperor, was wrong in kugen, the judgment of kokushi was justified (in the description on September 1 and 13, 1025 in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)).
- 幕府軍によって変の首謀者たちが討たれ、剣が奪い返された後も神璽は後南朝に持ち去られたままであったが、1457年(長禄元年)に至って、1441年(嘉吉元年)の嘉吉の乱で取り潰された赤松氏の復興を願う赤松家遺臣の石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉らが、大和国・紀伊国国境付近の北山(奈良県吉野郡上北山村か)あるいは三之公(同郡川上村 (奈良県))に本拠を置いていた後南朝に臣従すると偽って後南朝勢力を襲い、南朝の末裔という自天王・忠義王兄弟を殺害して神璽を奪い返した(長禄の変)。
- Shogunal forces hunted down and executed the ringleaders of the Incident and recaptured the sword, but the Grand Jewels remained with the Gonancho forces who fled in 1457, the surviving retainers of the Akamatsu clan - which had been crushed in the Kakitsu Rebellion of 1441 - including Taro ISHIMI, Tatewaki NIUNOYA, and Mitsuyoshi KOZUKI, wishing to restore the Akamatsu clan's fortunes, went to the Gonancho headquarters at Kitayama near the provincial borders of Yamato and Kii Provinces (possibly referring to modern-day Kamikitayama village in Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), or perhaps at Sannoko (in Kawakami village of Yoshino district, Nara Pref.), and pretended to become vassals of the Gonancho before turning on them and striking down many of their forces, murdering Princes Jitenno and Tadayoshiten who were brothers and Imperial descendants of the Southern Court bloodline, before recapturing the Grand Jewels (in what became known as the Choroku Incident).