序: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 序
- order
- ordering
- beginning
- start
- foreword
- preface
- introduction
- opening of a song
- opportunity
- occasion
- prelude
- precedence
- chance
- incidentally
- 序段
- Jodan (the first section)
- Preface
- 大序
- Daijo (prologue)
- Act 1
- 層序
- stratigraph
- stratigraphic sequence
- stratigraphic succession
- 序言
- foreword
- preface
- introduction
- preamble
- prolog
- prologue
- 序曲
- overture
- prelude
- Overtures
- 序詞
- prefatory modifying statement (of a waka, etc.)
- foreword
- preface
- introduction
- Jo kotoba (introductive word)
- Jokotoba (a preface word)
- 序歯
- arranging seats by seniority
- 序に
- incidentally
- taking the opportunity
- while (you) are at it
- on the occasion
- 序数
- an ordinal number
- ordinal numbers
- 序章
- prologue
- preface
- introductory chapter
- INTRODUCTION
- 序説
- introduction
- intonation
- preface
- 序列
- rank
- ranking order
- hierarchy
- pecking order
- 序幕
- curtain-raiser
- prologue
- prelude
- Act Ⅰ (Jomaku)
- The opening act
- 序盤
- the opening(s) (e.g. in a game of go or chess)
- 序文
- preface
- foreword
- introduction
- forward
- preamble
- Introduction
- 西序
- memorial rite involving the western sanctum
- 公序
- public order
- Public Policy
- 順序
- order
- sequence
- procedure
- gradation
- method
- ordinal
- 序治
- Tsuguharu
- Tsuneharu
- Nobuharu
- 秩序
- order
- regularity
- system
- method
- lawful
- cosmos
- 葉序
- phyllotaxis
- phyllotaxy
- phyllotactic
- 蘭亭序
- Ranteijo
- Lantingji Xu
- 序の口
- this is only the beginning (the real work having yet to begin)
- lowest division
- 序でに
- incidentally
- taking the opportunity
- while (you) are at it
- on the occasion
- 序二段
- jonidan (second lowest) division
- 序破急
- artistic modulations in traditional Japanese performances
- opening, middle and climax (end)
- Johakyu
- 序盤戦
- early stages (of a game)
- opening phase
- 生層序
- Biostratigraphic zone
- biostratigraphy
- 序数詞
- ordinal number (first, second, ...)
- Ordinal number (linguistics)
- 無秩序
- disorder
- chaos
- confusion
- chaotic
- random
- at random
- anarchy
- indiscipline
- 歌合序
- Utaawasejo (order of poetry contest)
- 序詞の例
- Examples of jokotoba
- 華夷秩序
- Kaichitsujo (order between Chinese dynasty and neighboring countries)
- 長幼の序
- elders to be respected
- 順序集合
- ordered set
- Partially ordered set
- 層序区分
- stratigraphic classification
- stratigraphic division
- 発症機序
- mechanism
- pathogenic mechanism
- 発生機序
- occurrence mechanism
- 磁気層序
- magnetic stratigraphy
- 序の口格
- referee officiating the lowest division
- 序ながら
- incidentally
- taking the opportunity
- while (you) are at it
- on the occasion
- 照合順序
- collating sequence
- collation
- collation sequence
- 序二段格
- referee officiating the second lowest division
- 公序良俗
- public order and morals
- public order and good morals
- Public Policy
- 計算順序
- computation sequence
- 散房花序
- corymbose inflorescence
- corymb (inflorescence)
- 散形花序
- umbellate inflorescence
- umbel (i.e. flower with a large number of flowers growing radially from a common center)
- umbel (inflorescence)
- 事の序で
- take the opportunity to (do something else)
- 隠頭花序
- hypanthium
- hipanthium
- 安寧秩序
- peace and order
- law and order
- 遠心花序
- centrifugal inflorescence
- 順序通り
- in (the proper) order
- in (the correct) sequence
- 順序不同
- unordered
- random order
- 順序制御
- sequencing
- sequence control
- 順序回路
- sequential circuit
- sequence circuit
- 社会秩序
- social (public) order
- 実行順序
- execution order
- execution sequence
- 集散花序
- cymose inflorescence (any determinate simple inflorescence)
- cyme
- 整序問題
- question based on rearranging (words) into the correct order
- 線形順序
- linear precedence
- LP
- linear ordering
- 円錐花序
- panicle
- a panicled inflorescence
- 信用秩序
- orderly financial system
- 作用機序
- action mechanism
- mechanism of action
- mode of action
- 施工順序
- construction sequence
- 順序接続
- sequential conjunction
- 秩序立つ
- to be in order
- to be organized
- to be systematized
- 頭状花序
- capitulum (inflorescence)
- capitula
- 肉穂花序
- spadix (inflorescence)
- 年功序列
- seniority by length of service
- Nenko System
- 秩序整然
- in good (perfect) order
- in apple-pie order
- 総状花序
- racemous inflorescence
- raceme
- 総穂花序
- racemose inflorescence (any indeterminate simple inflorescence)
- 秩序維持
- maintaining order (e.g. in a courtroom)
- 繖形花序
- umbellate inflorescence
- umbel (i.e. flower with a large number of flowers growing radially from a common center)
- 繖房花序
- corymbose inflorescence
- 伊良子序
- Irako Hajime (1949.5-)
- 有限花序
- definite inflorescence
- 物の序で
- take the opportunity to (do something else)
- 穂状花序
- spike (inflorescence)
- spicata
- 破の序。
- Introduction of development
- 戦いの序章
- Prologue to the battle
- 着装の順序
- Order in which the protective gear is worn
- 雨月物語序
- Preface to Tales of Moonlight and Rain
- 序はない。
- It does not have a foreword.
- It had no preface.
- 活性化秩序
- activation mechanism
- 秩序を保つ
- keep order
- keep rank(s)
- 地磁気層序
- magnetic stratigraphy
- magnetostratigraphy
- 層序断面図
- section
- stratigraphic profile
- 順序統計量
- order statistic〔s〕
- order statistic(s)
- 無秩序開発
- uncontrolled development
- 順序回路形
- sequential phase detection type
- 年功序列制
- promotion-by-age system
- 登記の順序
- Order of Making Registrations
- Order of Registration
- 尋問の順序
- Order of Examination
- 序でが有る
- to have occasion to do
- 序でながら
- incidentally
- taking the opportunity
- while (you) are at it
- on the occasion
- 順序立てる
- to put into order
- to arrange (one's thoughts)
- 親順序番号
- parent-sequence-number
- 子順序番号
- child-sequence-number
- 時間順序積
- time ordered product (physics)
- 順序付ける
- to order
- to place in order
- order to
- 順序だてる
- to put into order
- to arrange (one's thoughts)
- 秩序立てる
- to put in order
- to organize
- to systematize
- 秩序正しい
- orderly
- well-ordered
- 半順序集合
- partially ordered set
- poset
- semi-ordered set
- 複散形花序
- compound umbellate inflorescence
- 序を併せたり
- O no Asomiyasumaro states
- 漢序がある。
- It has a preface written with the Chinese characters.
- 自己免疫機序
- autoimmune mechanism
- 地形層序区分
- morphostratigraphic classification
- 年代層序区分
- chronostratigraphic classification
- 公序良俗違反
- violation of public order and good morals
- 並べ替え順序
- sort order
- sorting order
- 準長距離秩序
- quasi-long-range order
- 新序出世披露
- presenting of new wrestlers to audience
- 気候層序区分
- climatostratigraphic classification
- 岩相層序区分
- lithostratigraphic classification
- rockstratigraphic classification
- 線形順序制約
- linear precedence rule
- 年功序列制度
- the seniority system
- 反射的半順序
- reflexive partial ordering
- 四条宮歌合序
- Shijo no Miya Utaawase-jo (order of a poetry contest by Shijo no Miya)
- 自己免疫的機序
- autoimmune mechanism
- 新しい身分秩序
- New order of the social status
- 新国際情報秩序
- New International Information Order
- 新国際経済秩序
- New International Economic Order
- 順序投入継電器
- sequencial closing relay
- sequential closing relay
- 年功序列型賃金
- seniority-oriented wage (system)
- 電動順序制御器
- motor operated sequence controller
- 電子記録の順序
- Order of Electronic Records
- 短距離秩序効果
- short-range-order effect
- 固有の大小順序
- native collating sequence
- 構成素順序原理
- Constituent Ordering Principle
- 文字の大小順序
- collating sequence
- 法廷の秩序維持
- Maintenance of Order in Court
- トラバーサル順序
- traversal sequence
- 序文(中村不折)
- The preface (by Fusetsu NAKAMURA)
- 日本国内の蘭亭序
- Ranteijo existing in Japan
- 仮名序も定家筆。
- A preface was also written by Teika in Kana (the Japanese syllabary).
- 古今和歌集仮名序
- Kokin Wakashu Kanajo
- The Preface to 'A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry'
- 市場秩序維持協定
- Orderly Marketing Agreement
- 機序が成立しない
- mechanism not established
- 秩序-無秩序転位
- order-disorder transition
- 順序関連度の指標
- index of order association
- 贈与の減殺の順序
- Order of Abatement of Gifts
- 時間層序区分単位
- chronostratigraphic unit
- time-rock unit
- 秩序罰としての過料
- Karyo as Chitsujo-batsu (a punishment for disturbing administrative order).
- 上村松園:『序の舞』
- Shoen UEMURA: 'Jo-no-mai' (The Introductory Dance)
- 仮名序は紀貫之の筆。
- The Japanese preface was written by KI no Tsurayuki.
- 巻々の執筆・成立順序
- Order of composition
- 売却の場所の秩序維持
- Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale
- メッセージ順序完全性
- message sequence integrity
- 序之舞(じょのまい)
- Jo-no-mai (literally 'Dancing in the Introduction')
- 序幕 向島梅若殺しの場
- Prologue: the scene of killing Umewaka in Mukojima
- 東アジア国際秩序の再編
- Reorganization of international order in East Asia
- 定められた順序に従って
- in the order prescribed
- 併合によって順序付ける
- order by merging to
- 贈与と遺贈の減殺の順序
- Order of Abatement of Gifts and Testamentary Gifts
- 公の秩序又は善良の風俗
- public policy
- 古事記の「序を併せたり」
- The preface of Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters)
- 序幕 饗応の場(眉間割)
- The first act: The Banquet scene (stabbing the forehead)
- 年功序列に基づく賃金体系
- seniority-based wage system
- 尋問の順序・法第二百二条
- Order of Examination; Article 202 of the Code
- 章段の序列は流布本による。
- The following order of the passages is based on that of the widely circulated edition.
- 序第3段 『古事記』の成立
- The third paragraph of the preface, completion of the 'Kojiki'
- 並存相剋から華夷秩序消滅へ
- Coexistence of two contrary concepts, Kaichitsujo and treaty system and disappearance of Kaichitsujo.
- 序幕 第二場 深川大和町の場
- Act Ⅰ, Scene 2: The scene of Fukagawa Yamato-cho
- 序幕 第一場 佃沖新地鼻の場
- Act Ⅰ, Scene 1: The scene of Tsukuda-oki Shinchi-bana
- 呉炳本蘭亭序(東京国立博物館)
- The Gohei-bon Ranteijo (the rubbed copy of the monument which the handwritings of Wang Xi-Zhi were carved on) (Tokyo National Museum)
- 序第2段 『古事記』撰録の発端
- The second paragraph of the preface, the initiative for selection of records in the 'Kojiki'
- 序段を含めて244段から成る。
- It consists of 244 sections including the preface.
- 真・仮名序は共に一条兼良の筆。
- Manajo and Kanajo (the Chinese preface and the kana (the Japanese syllabaries) preface) were written by Kanera ICHIJO.
- 質問の順序・法第二百十五条の二
- Order of Asking Questions; Article 215-2 of the Code
- 歌舞伎仮名手本忠臣蔵大序の幕開き
- The opening of the daijo (prologue) of kabuki 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers)
- 序編が、最後に書かれたのである。
- The prologue was written last.
- その順序は、以下のとおりである。
- The order was as listed below:
- 古今和歌集仮名序(当該部分のみ)
- Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (relevant part only)
- ここでは便宜的に華夷秩序と呼ぶ。
- Here, it is called conveniently Kaichitsujo.
- 不法行為についての公序による制限
- Restriction by Public Policy Regarding Tort
- 『禅源諸詮集都序』(1358年)
- 'Zengen Shosenshu Tojo' (Commentary of the Ch'an-yuan-chu-ch'uan-chi tu-hsu) (1358)
- 取り外す場合はその逆の順序である。
- To take them off, follow the opposite order.
- 序幕 品川島崎楼の場・八つ山下の場
- Prologue: the scene at Shimazakiro (licensed quarters) in Shinagawa ・ the scene of Yatsuyamashita
- 仮名序と真名序の2つの序文を持つ。
- There are 2 prefaces including kanajo (Japanese preface) and manajo (a preface written in Chinese).
- 真名序・仮名序は共に花園法皇の筆。
- Both manajo (a preface written in Chinese) and kanajo (Japanese preface) were written by Cloistered Emperor Hanazono.
- 立つ際には、座る時と逆の順序で立つ。
- Standing should be done in the opposite way to sitting.
- 以上が序論とでも言うべき部分である。
- Mentioned above is considered as the introduction.
- 「いいえわれわれは秩序を求めます。」
- No, we are asking for order.'
- 本作の序幕でもその場面が描かれている。
- That scene is depicted in the prologue.
- 趙孟十三跋・臨蘭亭序(東京国立博物館)
- The Chomo Jusanbatsu Rinranteijo (the copy of the Ranteijo introducing Wang Xi-Zhi's handwritings) (Tokyo National Museum)
- 上は、『雨月物語』の序文の全文である。
- The sentences mentioned above are the entire preface to 'Tales of Moonlight and Rain.'
- 配列(空中写真を正しい順序に配列する)
- layout
- それでも五番立の順序は重視されている。
- Still, the performing order of the five dramas is highly appreciated.
- 序破急一組で楽式とも考えることができる。
- Johakyu can be regarded as a form of music in its own right.
- 親王・王の班位は、皇位継承の順序に従う。
- Imperial ranks of Imperial Princes and Princes followed the order of succession to the Imperial Throne.
- ただし、この族譜は序文しか残っていない。
- However, only its preface is handed down.
- 売却の場所の秩序維持等に関する規定の準用
- Application Mutatis Mutandis of the Provisions Concerning Maintenance of Order at the Place of Sale, etc.
- また、位階とは官僚の序列を表す等級である。
- Rank' refers to grades representing the hierarchy of government officials.
- 序表:序は序文、書序・詩序・和歌序の三種。
- Jo-hyo: 'jo' is a preface, and there are three kinds of prefaces: a preface of writing, a preface of verse, and a preface of waka poem.
- 2人は相並んで前後せず、序列を争っていた。
- These two were on a par and competed with each other for their ranks.
- このことからこの国際秩序を条約体制と呼ぶ。
- Based on such background, this international order is called treaty system.
- 当事者による証人の尋問は、次の順序による。
- A witness shall be examined by the parties in the following order:
- 流派や手前の仕方によって順序には変動がある。
- However, this order can be changed depending on the schools or how to perform temae (procedures for making tea).
- 序第1段 稽古照今(古を稽へて、今に照らす)
- The first paragraph of the preface, Meditating upon antiquity and comparing the present with antiquity
- 定置漁業の免許の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order for the licenses of a fixed gear fishery shall conform to the following order.
- 「そのような行為は華夷秩序を乱す行為である。」
- These acts will disturb the Chinese Suzerainty over Korea.'
- 花序は総状花序で、白から紫色の花を多数つける。
- They have many white or purple flowers arranged in racemose inflorescence.
- また、蘭亭序を『蘭亭叙』と表記する向きもある。
- Ranteijo (蘭亭序) is sometimes written as '蘭亭叙' with '叙' replacing '序.'
- 序がなく、また武士の歌も収録されているという。
- No preface was provided, but the anthology includes poems by samurai.
- 永徳2年(1382年)筆の二条良基の序がある。
- It contains a foreword which was written by Yoshimoto NIJO in 1382.
- 政府間で市場秩序の維持を目的として結ばれる協定
- orderly marketing agreement
- 公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがある意匠
- a design which is liable to injure public order or morality;
- この時期、以下の序列のとおりの家格が形成された。
- During this period kakuku was formulated in the following order.
- ただ王陽明の序を付したものを『古本大学』という。
- The text with the preface written by Wang Yangming is called 'the Old Text of the Great Learning' ('Guben Daxue' in Chinese, 'Kohon Daigaku' in Japanese).
- 月日は百代の過客にして…という序文により始まる。
- It begins with the preface which goes, ''The days and months are travelers of eternity ….'
- 折口信夫も序詞の短縮されたものが枕詞としている。
- Shinobu ORIKUCHI also says that a shortened form of jokotoba is makurakotoba.
- 奈良時代、天平勝宝3年(751年)の序文を持つ。
- The preface was written in 751 during the Nara period.
- 古今和歌集仮名序には、下記のように評されている。
- In Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (Preface of Kokinwakashu written in kana by KI no Tsurayuki), his poems were described as follows.
- 機械のオン/オフ制御を順序通り行うための制御装置
- PC programmable controller
- 序・破・急を通しで演奏することを「一具」と呼ぶ。
- Playing Jo, Ha and Kyu all the way through is called 'Ichigu.'
- 位の上下による序列は非常に厳しかったと伝えられる。
- It is said that hierarchical order in todoza was very strict.
- 『古事記』序文に書かれている『帝皇日嗣』・『先紀』
- 'Tennou Hitsugi' and 'Senki' (pre-existing documents) written in the introduction of the 'Kojiki'
- 若い女性をシテとした、序ノ舞を舞う大小ものである。
- The piece is a Daishomono with a Jo-no-mai (introductory dance), featuring a young woman as the Shite.
- また批評の形式は古今和歌集真名序のパロディである。
- A style of writing is a parody of manajo (a preface written in Chinese) in Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 序文から光仁天皇に奉られたものであることがわかる。
- The preface indicates that this book was dedicated to Emperor Konin.
- また、弘仁格の序は『本朝文粋』にも採録されている。
- Also, the introduction of the Konin-kyaku was also put in the 'Honcho monzui'(Anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese).
- 江戸幕府の幕藩体制の秩序を守るために利用されていた。
- This ranking system was used by the Edo bakufu to maintain its bakuhan taisei (feudal system characteristic of the shogunate).
- - 『日本書紀』に先んじると序文に謳われている史書。
- - A work of history which claims in the preface to have preceded 'Nihon Shoki' in date of composition.
- 明和5年(1768年)序、安永5年(1776年)刊。
- A preface was written in 1768, and the book was published in 1776.
- 冒頭に第8類と共通する序文があり、目次を有している。
- It has a prologue common to class 8 in the opening, as well as a table of contents.
- 日本では律令制定以前から氏族制的序列が存在していた。
- The hierarchy system by the clans had been existed before the establishment of Ritsuryo system in Japan.
- 正に一揆こそが社会秩序であったと言っても過言ではない。
- Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that ikki was actually the social order.
- 給人はごく大雑把に以下のような序列に組み込まれていた。
- Kyujin was roughly adopted into the following grades:
- 第2条 皇位は、左の順序により、皇族に、これを伝える。
- Article 2 : The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to the members of the Imperial Family according to the following order:
- それまで、財産は母系、位階は夫系であった秩序が壊れた。
- Until then, there had been an order in which property belonged to the wife's family, and ikai (court rank) was handed down in the husband's family, but the system broke down.
- しかし狂言方としての序列は2位と、鷺流の後塵を拝した。
- However, being ranked second among official Kyogen schools, the Okura school was subordinate to the Sagi school.
- これは3人の入内順に則した序列にしたものと考えられる。
- It is considered that this was decided in order by which the three Empresses made their Imperial consort's bridal entries into the court.
- 9月、宇多天皇が大井川に外出された際に、歌や序を供奉。
- September: When Emperor Uda went out to the Oigawa River, he dedicated a poem and a preface to the Emperor.
- 時代背景:条約体制の東漸 ―国際法移入前後の国際秩序―
- Period background: Gradual penetration of the treaty system to the east - International order around the time of introduction of international law -
- 差出人となる老中の名は、序列の低い者から順に署名する。
- The roju's names written as the senders were signed in the ascending order of their ranks.
- 数寄屋造は、木割とは全く異なった秩序体系をもっていた。
- The Sukiya-zukuri had a different method totally different from kiwari.
- 序がより荘厳に変化した真之序之舞(太鼓入りのみ)もある。
- In Shin no jo no mai (always accompanied on drums), the jo becomes more stately.
- しかし、序盤戦から勝利に恵まれず、西村監督は途中で解任。
- But the team was not able to gain victories from the early stages of the season, and manager NISHIMURA was dismissed in the middle of the season.
- (『実演用桐一葉・序文』1915(大正6)年5月)より)
- (Preface of 'Kiri Hitoha for performance on stage' published in May 1915)
- 話の順序・文体は第1類とも第4類ともかなり異なっている。
- The order and style of the tale differs significantly between class 1 and class 4.
- 岸本由豆流、校訂者斎藤彦麿の序、藤原常彦、片岡寛弘の跋。
- The preface is by Yuzuru KISHIMOTO, the revision is by Hikomaro SAITO, and the postscripts are by 藤原常彦 and 片岡寛弘.
- 序文の「天は自ら助くる者を助く」という言葉は有名である。
- The opening sentence that reads, 'Heaven helps those who help themselves' is well-known.
- なお張斯桂は『万国公法』の序文の一つを書いた人物である。
- In addition, Sigui ZHANG wrote one of the forewords of 'Bankoku Koho.'
- 序は一番ゆったりした流れで、自由な緩急で旋律を演奏する。
- Jo has the slowest rhythm, and its melody is played with a free pace.
- これにより儒教的秩序を郷村社会に徹底させることになった。
- Thus, a Confucian order was thoroughly in place in village societies.
- その代わり、詞牌の下に詞題が添えられたり、小序が作られた。
- Instead, a commentary indicating the contents was listed under Ci-hai, or a short preface was added.
- 土器形式の古さは弥生V期、庄内式、布留式という順序になる。
- In chronological order, Yayoi V type is regarded the oldest, followed by Shonai type and later by Furu type.
- 先述したように朝鮮ははじめ華夷秩序に留まることを選択した。
- As described above, Korea chose to remain in structure of Kaichitsujo at first.
- 登記官は、受附番号の順序に従つて登記をしなければならない。
- A registrar shall make registrations according to the order of the acceptance numbers.
- 社会科学 吉田民人による「社会秩序を決めるのは法則か規範か」
- In the field of social science, 'Is Social Order Determined by Rules or Models?' by Tamito YOSHIDA.
- 序幕の村山座の場では歌舞伎では珍しく劇中劇の形をとっている。
- In the opening scene of Murayama-za, it takes the form of a play within a play.
- その歌風は枕詞、序詞、押韻などを駆使して格調高い歌風である。
- His has a refined poetical style using techniques such as makura kotoba (pillow words), jo kotoba (introductive words) and rhyming freely.
- 宗族には尊卑の序列があり、上のもののいいつけはよく守られる。
- Each sozoku (patrilineal family group of Han people in China) had a hierarchy of aristocrat and plebeian and what the people in higher ranks said was followed carefully by the rest.
- 礼儀による秩序を構築・強化する為に以下のような施策を行った。
- In order to establish and enhance public order through the courtesies, the following measures were taken:
- 地方長官及びその配下の官吏は、自らの地域の秩序に責任があり。
- Local governors and their subordinates shall be responsible for order in their own region.
- 内位(ないい)とは、日本律令制の位階の中核をなす序列である。
- Naii were the ranks that formed the core of the Ikai (court ranks) of the Ritsuryo Code in Japan.
- ディーゼル排気による慢性呼吸器疾患発病機序の解明とリスク評価
- evaluation of the risk of chronic pulmonary diseases due to diesel exhaust exposure and mechanisms of pathogenesis
- 証人又は当事者本人の尋問は、裁判官が相当と認める順序でする。
- A witness and a party him/herself shall be examined in the order that a judge considers to be appropriate.
- ここに並べた順序は、形式の発展順序を示しているわけではない。
- The sequence of the above listing does not necessarily indicate the development sequence of the types.
- 序列は近衛家、一条家に次ぎ、九条家、鷹司家と同格扱いであった。
- The family rank was inferior to the Konoe and Ichijo families but was equal to Kujo and Takatsukasa families.
- 総序の呪歌:一座の大夫が、式三番全体に対する祝言の呪歌を謡う。
- Juka (an incantation song) for Sojo (the general opening): The Tayu of a troupe chants a celebratory Juka for the entire performance of Shiki Sanban.
- (が、現在は完全な年功序列制導入に伴いそれはできなくなった。)
- (However, this cannot be done now due to the introduction of the perfect seniority system.)
- したがって、王羲之の真跡は現存せず、蘭亭序もその例にもれない。
- Because of that, any of Wang Xi-Zhi's Shinseki (original handwriting) including the Ranteijo does not exist today.
- 撰者の一である九条基家筆の仮名序と、菅原長成筆の真名序を持つ。
- The anthology has Kanajo (Japanese preface) written by Motoie KUJO, one of the anthologists, and Manajo (Chinese preface) written by SUGAWARA no Naganari.
- また、巻の配列の順序も現代語訳作品や注釈書によって差異がある。
- Also, some of the translations into present-day Japanese or the annotated books differ in the order of the volumes.
- 仮名 (文字)で書かれていることから「仮名序」と呼ばれている。
- Its title, 'Kanajo,' is based on the fact that it was written in Kana (the Japanese syllabary).
- 若年寄の序列では、後任でも城主は先任である無城の上席であった。
- In the hierarchy of wakadoshiyori (assistants to roju in the Edo bakufu), a joshu daimyo, even if nominated later, was placed higher than a mujo nominated earlier.
- 華夷秩序の崩壊は、その思想的根拠たる中華思想にも変容を迫った。
- Disappearance of Kaichitsujo affected change of Sinocentrism, which supported Kaichitsujo as the basis of the thought.
- 「古今和歌集」仮名序は「歌のさまは得たれども、まことすくなし。
- The kana introduction in 'Kokin Waka-shu' (the first anthology of poems commissioned by the Emperor) says 'his poems have good taste and style but lack real emotion.
- 任命は位の低い官から始まり日を追って高官に進むのが順序であった。
- The appointment started from officials in lower ranks, and proceeded to higher ranks by the day.
- 序盤は平氏が優勢であったが、正午過ぎから平氏が劣勢となっていく。
- In the beginning, the Taira clan had the advantage, but after midday, the Taira clan started to lose ground.
- しかも禁中並公家諸法度における親王の序列が摂関家よりも下である。
- This was because under 'Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto' (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) the rank of Imperial prince was lower than that of regents and advisers.
- これは、序文で『日本書紀』に先行する7世紀の編纂と主張している。
- In the preface of this record, the writer asserts that it was edited in the 7th century, earlier than the Chronicles of Japan.
- 各期の時代順序と、日本書紀などの文献史料の記述を照らし合わせた。
- The time order of the three periods was checked by looking up the description written in historical materials such as Nihonshoki.
- また、豊かな教養人でもあり、『歴代序略』という著書を残している。
- Moreover, he was also a well-educated person and wrote 'Rekidaijoryaku' (a book about chinese history).
- 一貫しているのは、既成の秩序体系を超越した視覚的な美しさである。
- What is uniform is the visual beauty which adds a plus to conventional craftsmanship.
- 彼自身が執筆したことが確実であるのは、各巻に見える序文のみである。
- Only the preface for each volume was certainly written by him.
- この時点で皇族・臣下の序列としては既に最高位だったのかもしれない。
- At this point, Prince Takechi may have already been ranked highest among the members of the Imperial family and the vassals.
- 大抵の鰻重は高い順にマツ・竹・ウメ等の序列でコースが分かれている。
- Most Unaju are ranked using the terms of pine, bamboo and plum trees in the order of price.
- 真打制度は香盤(同一協会内の落語家間の序列)と密接に関係している。
- The shinuchi system is closely related to koban (ranking of rakugoka in the same association).
- ここでの格とは茶道具を茶との遠近により並べた序列によるものである。
- 'Order' here is according to the line up of the utensils by the distance from the tea.
- しかし、序列的な意味合いもあるため実際の生誕順ではないことがある。
- However, since such descriptions sometimes imply their ranks, the lists might not be arranged exactly in order of their actual birth year.
- また、以上の順序の中でも細かな点については以下のようになっていた。
- Further details of the order were as follows:
- 蘭亭序(らんていじょ)は、王羲之が書いた書道界上最も有名な書作品。
- The Ranteijo is the work of calligraphy written by Wang Xi-Zhi and the most famous in the calligraphy world.
- 最も短いのは「竹枝」の14字、長いのは「鶯啼序」の240字である。
- The shortest Ci-hai named 'Chikushi (Bamboo Branch Song)' consists of 14 characters, and the longest one named 'Oteijo 鶯啼序,' 240 characters.
- 序文を執筆した一条兼良はいうまでもなく室町時代随一の文化人である。
- Needless to say, Kanera ICHIJO was the greatest person of culture who lived in the Muromachi period.
- 古今和歌集仮名序の「力をもいれずして天地を動かし…」をふまえた作。
- A kyoka based on a phrase in the Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (Japanese preface) 'Without much strength Heaven and Earth would be moved…'
- 一方で、この序文自体が編者もしくは後世の創作であるとする説もある。
- On the other hand, a competing theory argues that the preface itself was created and then added by the compiler or perhaps an editor of a later generation.
- この考え方の変化は、新たな社会秩序の形成に由来するものと思われる。
- It is considered that the change in the thinking originated in the formation of a new social order.
- 前項の規定により同順位である者相互間の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order among the persons of the same priority level pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall conform to the following order.
- 真珠養殖業を内容とする区画漁業の免許の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order for the licenses of the demarcated fishery of performing the pearl aquaculture business shall conform to the following order.
- 日本に伝わった朱子学の普遍的秩序志向は体制を形作る治世者に好まれた。
- The imported Shushigaku's aims of universal order were attractive to Japan's rulers.
- 破之舞は序之舞や中之舞のあとに付けくわえられる一段程度の舞事である。
- Ha no mai is the mai-goto, with a duration of about one section, which is added after Jo no mai or Chu no mai.
- 皇族の班位(順位)は、皇族身位令により、次の順序によるものとされた。
- By the decree of the Ordinance of the Imperial Nobility, Imperial family members were ranked in the following order:
- 次の歌は枕詞、序詞を巧みに駆使しており、百人一首にも載せられている。
- In the poem below, makura kotoba and jo kotoba are used freely and skillfully, and this poem appears in the Hyakunin Isshu (100 waka poems by 100 poets).
- 華夷秩序では、国際関係を中華思想に基づく「礼制」によって律してきた。
- Under kaichitsujo, international relations had been controlled with 'Li system' based on Sinocentrism.
- 前三項の規定により同順位である者相互間の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order among the persons of the same priority level pursuant to the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs shall conform to the following order.
- 前二項の規定により同順位である者相互間の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order among the persons of the same priority level pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall conform to the following order.
- 前各項の規定により同順位である者相互間の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order among the persons of the same priority level pursuant to the provisions of the preceding respective paragraphs shall conform to the following order.
- 画面上半には、大岳周崇の序と玉畹梵芳など30人の禅僧による画賛がある。
- In the upper part of the painting, there are inscriptions in the form of a commentary by Taigaku-Shusu and poems by 30 Zen priests, including Gyokuen Bonbo.
- 3本の直立する花序と3枚の葉から構成されているものが基本的図案である。
- The basic design consists of three erect inflorescences and three leaves.
- 枕詞の起源は明らかではないが、古くは序詞と一組のものと考えられていた。
- While the beginnings of makurakotoba are unknown, but makurakotoba was thought to pair up with jokotoba.
- 古今和歌集仮名序(こきんわかしゅうかなじょ)は古今和歌集の序文である。
- Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (The Preface to 'A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry') is a preface to Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 『解体新書』序文を書き、この書が良沢と玄白の力作であると賞揚している。
- He was a writer of the preface in 'Kaitai Shinsho' where he praised this book as a painstaking work of Ryotaku MAENO and Genpaku SUGITA.
- 唐令と日本令では、篇目の大幅な組み替えもあり、順序もかなり違っている。
- Nihonrei (codes in Japan) varies considerably from Torei (codes in Tang Dynasty) in the titles of sections and chapters of the code book, and the order of them is also quite different.
- こうした国際秩序変容に東アジアで最も早く順応したのは明治日本であった。
- During the transition of international order in East Asia, Japan in the Meiji period accepted the situation at earlier stage compared to other nations.
- 公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反する事項を目的とする法律行為は、無効とする。
- A juristic act with any purpose which is against public policy is void.
- 「それは新しい秩序であり、新しい関係であり、自律であり、責任である。」
- That is the new order, a new relationship, independence and responsibility.'
- ただし、発展の順序において層塔型が先か望楼型が先かは結論が出ていない。
- However, as for the sequence of development, no conclusion has been reached about which of Borogata or Sotogata was first.
- 滋子の死は一つの時代の終わりであると同時に、平氏滅亡への序曲ともなった。
- Shigeko's death was an overture to the end of the Taira clan, and it was the end of an era.
- 大序・大内の場: 藤原時平の横暴を菅丞相が諌め、時平はそれを逆恨みする。
- Daijo (prologue) and Ouchi Act: Kanshusai chided the tyrannical rule of Fujiwara no Shihei and Shihei grudged because of it.
- 大序仙洞御所の段 義経に後白河法皇から、合戦の恩賞に初音の鼓が下される。
- Daijo (prologue) section of Sento Imperial PalaceCloistered Emperor Goshirakawa gives a Hatsune no tsuzumi to Yoshitsune, as reward grants of the battle.
- そして、大体の成立は序の通りでよいのではないか、という説を提唱している。
- He also advocated his theory that the stories were written roughly in the order stated in the preface.
- しかし江戸開城自体は、戊辰戦争史全体の中では序盤に位置する事件であった。
- However, in reality, the surrender of the Edo-jo Castle was the opening chapter phase into the entire history of the Boshin Civil War.
- 序文には宝亀三(772)年五月七日の、跋文には同月二十五日の日付がある。
- The preface is dated June 16, 772 and the postscript is dated July 4 of the same year.
- 序文では、この説話集の成立の経過について、次のようなことが書かれている。
- Its preface includes the following descriptions about the process of its compilation.
- 「天下」概念もこの影響を受けて、従来の華夷秩序に基づくものから変容した。
- With the influence of the above, the notion of 'Tenka' also changed from the one which was based on the order of kai.
- 中国語版と異なるのは、ベトナム版の序文が付せられていることと巻数である。
- Differences between Chinese version were foreword for Vietnam version and the number of volumes.
- 法廷における秩序の維持は、裁判長又は開廷をした一人の裁判官がこれを行う。
- The presiding judge or a single judge who has opened the session shall maintain order in the court.
- このように、実際に一揆の盟約によって秩序が達成されていた中世後期があった。
- As such, in the later middle ages the social order was actually secured based on the league of ikki.
- 子に「古今和歌集」の真名序を執筆したとされる紀淑望、伊予守の紀淑人がいる。
- Among his children were KI no Yoshimochi, who is thought to have written the Chinese preface to the 'Kokin wakashu' (Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times, usually abbreviated as 'Kokinshu'), and KI no Yoshito, who served as kami (governor) of Iyo Province.
- 序列は時代によって異なるが、江戸時代後期の奥女中の役職は以下の通りであった
- Posts given to oku jochu in the late Edo period were as below, but this varied depending on the period.
- 上記華夷秩序との最も大きな相違点は、主権国家間の法的平等原則の存在である。
- The biggest difference from above-described kaichitsujo is the existence of the principle of legal equality between sovereign states.
- 前項の質問は、裁判長、その鑑定の申出をした当事者、他の当事者の順序でする。
- The questioning set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be conducted by the presiding judge, the party who has requested the expert witness's testimony, and the other party, in that order.
- 判決の内容及び訴訟手続が日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しないこと。
- The content of the judgment and the court proceedings are not contrary to public policy in Japan.
- 証人の尋問は、その尋問の申出をした当事者、他の当事者、裁判長の順序でする。
- A witness shall be examined by the party who has requested the examination, the other party, and the presiding judge, in that order.
- 各種の技を決まった順序で演武し、演武時間は型によって数十秒から数分間続く。
- In kata, practitioners exercise or demonstrate various techniques in a particular sequence, with the duration of each kata varying from several seconds to several minutes.
- この六巻の序列をいかように配置するのかについては、従来二説が唱えられてきた。
- As for the order for these six volumes, two opinions have emerged so far.
- 従って貴族制的な身分秩序を法によって確立することが律令法の骨格となっている。
- Therefore, the framework of ritsuryo law was the legal establishment of a class system somewhat like the kizoku system.
- そして「恥ずかしいことだが」と言いつつ、在りし日の業平をまねて序ノ舞を舞う。
- Then she says 'though it is embarrassing,' and dances the Jo-no-mai, imitating Narihira when he was still alive.
- 仙覚の『万葉集註釈』では、『古今和歌集』の「仮名序」に、次の通り引いている。
- Sengaku quoted the part shown as follows from the 'Kanajo' (Japanese preface) of 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) in his commentary on the Manyoshu called 'Manyoshu Chushaku.'
- 名前は「細い川もたくさん集めれば海になる」という意味でつけられたと序にある。
- According to its preface, the book was titled in the meaning that 'collecting many narrow rivers results in the sea'.
- 条約体制の到来を、華夷秩序を覆す好機として捉えたためである(川島1999)。
- Japan considered the arrival of the treaty system a chance to overwhelm Kaichitsujo (Kawashima 1999).
- そのため、この時期の朝鮮には華夷秩序と条約体制が併存する状態に置かれていた。
- Therefore Korea was always in middle of Kaichitsujo and treaty system.
- どの曲をどのような順序で上演するのかも、序破急の概念を用いて決められていた。
- Which dramas and in what order the dramas are presented are determined by the concept of 'introduction, development, and climax. '
- 石段奥の注連縄が切られて、八所大明神、由岐大明神の順序で神社から神輿が下る。
- After the shimenawa (sacred straw festoon) has been cut at the top of the stone steps, Hassho Daimyojin (great gracious deity) first, and then Yuki Daimyojin appear and mikoshi (portable shrine) go down the steps.
- 逆に弘仁式や延喜式には序文において、儀礼については省略したことを明記している。
- Conversely, Koninshiki (Palace regulations of the Konin era) and Engishiki (Palace regulations of the Engi era) stated in their prefaces that descriptions of formalities were omitted.
- 内部の噺家ランク(例えば協会費のランク)も他の基準(年功序列)で決定している。
- The internal ranking of storytellers (the level of membership fee, for example) is decided by another standard (seniority).
- ただし、序破急すべてを備えていない(失われたか、始めから存在しない)曲も多い。
- However, many of the pieces which exist today are missing sections because they were lost or remain unfinished.
- こうすることで、茶道具の序列の中では下位にある建水を格別重く扱うことにもなる。
- By doing so, kensui, which is regarded to be low in the order, is to be treated as exceptionally important.
- この改訂により、序幕に「公平法問諍(きんぴらほうもんあらそい)」が加えられた。
- They added 'Kinpirahomon arasoi' in the opening act..
- 「乱序」という緊迫感溢れる特殊な囃子を打ち破るように獅子(後シテ)が躍り出る。
- A lion (lead role of the second half of the play) leaps out dancing, as if to smash through the 'ranjo,' dynamic hayashi music specifically arranged for lion dances.
- 『古今和歌集』の仮名序において、柿本人麻呂とともに歌聖と呼ばれ称えられている。
- In the kanajo (a preface written in kana) for 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), he was feted as a kasei (great poet) together with KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro.
- 序文を平賀源内が寄せ、筆者は当時19歳の大田南畝(四方赤良、蜀山人)であった。
- With a preface written by Gennai HIRAGA, this book was written by 19 year old Nanbo OTA (a.k.a. YOMO no Akara and Shokusanjin).
- 序文を書いた玄慧は、天台密教を修めて法印権大僧都となった当時屈指の学僧である。
- Gene who wrote the preface was one of the most educated priests pursuing his studies in those days and became Hoin (the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) Gon Daisozu (the second highest grade that can be held by one who has reached the second highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) after learning Tendai Esoteric Buddhism.
- 『詩経』では韓愈撰と仮託される「詩之序議」が「詩序」の子夏制作を否定している。
- With regard to 'Shikyo,' 'Consideration of Shijo' which was compiled on the pretext of Kan Yu (Han Yu), denied that 'Shijo' was created by Shika.
- 一方で宗教的、儀礼的な秩序においては頂点に位置され、伝統的権威は保ち続けていた。
- On the other hand, it ranked at the top of the religious and ceremonial hierarchy and maintained traditional authority.
- 古くは、『古今和歌集』の真名序において「興或は幽玄に入る」として用いられている。
- It is written 'meanings go to Yugen' in Manajo of 'Kokin wakashu' in ancient time.
- 花序につく花の数が3-5-3の五三桐(ごさんのきり・ごさんぎり)が一般的である。
- The design with three, five and three flowers in respective inflorescences is general and called Gosannokiri (also referred as Gosangiri).
- 親王・王が皇位継承の順序を変えられたときは、その班位は、順序変更前と同じとする。
- In the event that there was a change in the order of succession for the Imperial Princes and Princes, their Imperial ranks remained the same.
- ただし、序文には著者独自の歴史観が盛り込まれており、そこには特異性が認められる。
- In the preface, however, a unique historical view of the author is contained and certain uniqueness is found there.
- 人麻呂が『古今和歌集』の真名序では「柿本太夫」と記されている点も取り上げている。
- It also pointed out that Hitomaro was called as 'Kakimoto no Taifu' in the preface written in Chinese to 'Kokin wakashu' (Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times).
- 豪族を序列化し、また氏や姓にとらわれることなく優秀な人材を登用することを目指した。
- The system aimed to impose ranks on powerful clans and to appoint talented people, regardless of their clan or title, to government posts.
- その名称や解釈・順序も少しずつ変えられ、現在では赤口以外は全て名称が変わっている。
- The name, interpretation and order have been bit by bit changed and now all the names, except for shakko, have been changed.
- 皇太子・皇太孫が皇位継承の順序を変えられたときは、その班位は、皇太孫妃の次とする。
- In the event that there was a change in the order of succession for the Crown Prince and the Son of the Crown Prince, their Imperial ranks fell behind that of the Consort of the Son of the new Crown Prince.
- 現在では序幕の『饗応の場』三幕目の『馬盥の場』『愛宕山連歌の場』のみが演じられる。
- Today only the first act, 'Kyoo no ba' (The Banquet scene) and 'Badarai no ba' (The Horsetub scene) and 'Atagoyama renga no ba'(The scene of the Linked Verse Session at Mt. Atago) in the third act are performed.
- 同書には内閣修史編修官兼東京帝国大学教授・重野安繹がこの著書の序文に協力している。
- The preface of the book was written by Yasutsugu SHIGENO, Cabinet Editor for Historical Materials and Professor of Tokyo University.
- 第一項及び前項第二号の規定により同順位である者相互間の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order among the persons of the same priority level pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) and item (ii) of the preceding paragraph shall conform to the following order.
- そこは、院の邸内という、本来ならば身分秩序が守られるべき場であるはずのところである。
- It was the place within the palace of the emperor, where social order was supposed to be protected.
- 平治の乱以降、平氏は新たな秩序を中央政界においても武士社会においても構築していった。
- Following the Heiji War, the Taira clan established a new order both in the national political arena and the samurai warrior society.
- 確かに当初の技芸員は、日本美術協会の重鎮が年功序列で任命を受けるという傾向にあった。
- At first, there was a tendency to appoint authorities of Japan Art Association as Gigeiin in order of seniority.
- また、この地で(生駒山のエピソードと時間順序が矛盾するが)、5人の子を作ったという。
- It is also said that they had five children there (it conflicts with the Mt. Ikoma episode in time ordering though.)
- 吾車鼓(6字11行・19句)「吾車既工」に始まり、狩の序盤を描写した詩がつづられる。
- Starting with Wu-che-gu (19 poems each having 11 lines of six characters) 'Wu-che-ji-gong', poems describing the early stage of the hunting was written.
- 概して四部に分けることができ、第1部と第2部は、全体から見る序章のようなものである。
- It can largely be divided into 4 parts, with parts 1 and 2 acting as a kind of introduction when taken as a whole.
- 更にその序文が『太平記』の作者にも擬せられ、室町幕府との関わりが深い玄慧の筆である。
- The preface was written by Gene who was assumed to be a writer of 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) and had a deep relationship with the Muromachi bakufu.
- 序文に述べるように、元弘(1331-1334)以降、弘和までの南朝方の詠歌を集める。
- As mentioned in the preface, it contains poems composed by the poets, who had sided with the Southern Dynasty after the Genko era (1331-34) until the Kowa era (1381-84).
- 『奥州後三年記』は、『群書類従』第二十に納められたものでありその「序」にはこうある。
- 'Oshu Gosannen Ki' was included in the 20th volume of 'Gunsho Ruiju'(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA) and its preface was described as follows.
- 審判長又は審判を開始した一名の審判官は、開廷中審判を指揮し、審判廷の秩序を維持する。
- The Presiding Judge or one (1) Judge who has commenced an inquiry shall preside over the inquiry and maintain an order at the tribunal during the inquiry.
- 氏族の血統が重んじられた古代・中世において、氏族の秩序は氏長者を中心に維持されてきた。
- In ancient times and during the medieval period when the blood line of a clan was highly regarded, the order within the clan was maintained mainly by the ujinochoja (head of a clan).
- また邪馬台国(やまたいこく)でも公的な秩序・権威の維持のための法が存在したとみられる。
- Additionally, it appears that law existed to maintain public order and authority in Yamataikoku as well.
- 「序」とか「波の部」と呼ばれ、箏で波が寄せ返す様、胡弓が和音で松風の音を描写している。
- It is referred to as 'jo' (prelude) or 'naminobu' (wave section), in which koto expresses waves coming and drawing, and kokyu expresses the sound of the wind through pines with chords.
- 国宝指定名称紙本墨画淡彩瓢鮎図 如拙筆 一幅 全愚周崇の序、玉畹梵芳等三十僧の賛がある
- Name of Designated National Treasure: Shihon Bokuga Tansai Hyonenzu, by Josetsu, a scroll, with commentary by Zengu-Shusu, and poems by 30 priests, including Gyokuen Bonbo.
- 後撰和歌集には、古今和歌集のような序文が付されていないため、その成立年時は不明である。
- The date of presentation of the completed manuscript is not certain because, unlike Kokinwakashu, Gosenwakashu has no preface.
- 序詞には二種類の型が見られ、有心の序(うしんのじょ)と無心の序(むしんのじょ)がある。
- There are two types of jokotoba: ushin no jo (semantic preface words) and mushin no jo (phonic preface words).
- ここでは品階は大きな意味を持たず、官職のみが官僚システムの中で序列機能を果たしていた。
- Hinkai did not have a great deal of meaning here, and only the government post had hierarchy function in the bureaucrats system.
- 序文を書いたのは范富庶であって、彼は海陽省総督兼総理商務大臣という肩書きをもっていた。
- The foreword was written by 范富庶, who was governor of Hai Duong Province and Prime-Commerce Minister.
- 裁判長は、適当と認めるときは、当事者の意見を聴いて、前項の順序を変更することができる。
- The presiding judge, when he/she finds it appropriate, may change the order set forth in the preceding paragraph, after hearing opinions of the parties.
- 律令法によって規定された身分秩序において、独特の地位を占めているのは、天皇の地位である。
- A unique position in the class system defined by ritsuryo law is the position of the Emperor.
- 宣忠の時、本山氏、大平、山田などの諸族とともに長宗我部兼序を攻め滅ぼし、勢力を拡大する。
- In Nobutada's days, with the Motoyama clan and the Ohira clan, the Yamada clan so on, the Kira clan conquered Kanetsugu CHOSOKABE and expanded their power.
- 林春斎の言葉は各名勝地の記念碑に記されているが、全ての記念碑で紹介する順序が違っている。
- Words by Shunsai HAYASHI are inscribed on monuments of each scenic spot, the orders of introduction are different for each monument.
- 古代中国には、国家や社会秩序を維持する規範として、礼、楽、刑(法)、兵(軍事)があった。
- In ancient China, the precepts of 'Li,' ('礼,'largely understood as rituals, although it also suggests the ideas of customs, etiquette, morals) 'Yueh,' ('楽,'classic of music) 'Xing' or 'Xingfa ('刑'or '刑法,' written codes of penalty and punishment) 'Fa' ('兵,'military treaties and also military affairs) were established to maintain the nation and public order.
- 分家に大蔵八右衛門家(分家筆頭。幕府序列3位)、大蔵弥太夫家、大蔵弥惣右衛門家があった。
- Branch familes included the Hachiemon OKURA family (the head branch family, third ranked official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court), the Yadayu OKURA family, and the Yasoemon OKURA family.
- 花序につく花の数が5-7-5となっているものは五七桐(ごしちのきり・ごしちぎり)という。
- The one with five, seven and five flowers is called Goshichinokiri (also referred as Goshichigiri).
- 成立年ははっきりしないが、序と本文の記述から、弘仁13年 (822年) とする説がある。
- It remains unclear as to when the book was completed but some say that it was 822 based on the descriptions in the preface and body.
- 通常家族の成員の着座場所が決まっており、家族内の序列秩序を再確認する機能も重要であった。
- In general, sitting locations of family members were determined, which made family members aware of their ranks and the order of a family.
- また、現行でも範士の称号においては剣道特有の年功序列のようなものが存在しているとされる。
- It is understood, however, that the title of Hanshi is, even today, subject to something like a Kendo-specific seniority tradition.
- 文化面では、ばさらに代表されるように、身分秩序を軽視し華美な振る舞いに走る傾向が見られた。
- In culture, there was the tendency to behave extravagantly, thinking little of social classes or social order, as typically seen in 'Basara.'
- 品位は天皇と皇太子を除く皇親の序列を示すものであり、一品親王は皇親の筆頭的な地位にあった。
- The Honi (court rank) shows the hierarchy of Koshin (emperor's family) excluding the emperor and the crown prince, so Ippon Shinno was one of the highest rank in Koshin.
- 古事記の選者太安万侶(おおのやすまろ ?-723)が奉ったとされている序文も上表文である。
- The preface, which a compiler of Kojiki, O no Yasumaro (? - 723), has been believed to have presented to the Emperor, is also considered as Johyobun.
- 自序によれば、禁中における事物の名目(名称)の故実読みを後世に伝えるために撰述したという。
- According to the author's preface, the book was written to leave the traditional readings of myomoku (also referred to as meimoku; the appellations) of things and affairs in the Imperial Court to later generations.
- 皺尉(しわじょう)、石王尉(いしおうじょう)、舞尉(まいじょう) 真ノ序ノ舞を舞う後シテ。
- Shiwajo, Ishiojo, and Maijo: nochi-shite (the leading role in the latter half of a noh play) who performs Shin-no-jo-no-mai (a dignified dance performed by an elderly deity).
- 神妙の域に達し、古今の芸人中抜きん出ている(ただしこの表現は真名序の柿本人麻呂評を流用)。
- His achievements were marvelous, and his performance was eminent among players through the ages (although this portrayal is exactly the same as what KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro wrote in manajo).
- なお、『菅家文章』によれば、菅原是善の子菅原道真が父に代わって序文を執筆したとされている。
- Also, according to 'Literary Drafts of the Sugawara Family,' SUGAWARA no Michizane, the son of SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, is said to have written the preface on behalf of his father.
- 三谷本の初版本には、赤沢経言が起草し、菅実秀が検討して作成した序文と跋文が掲載されている。
- Foreword and epilogue drafted by Tsunekoto AKAZAWA and reviewed and drawn up by Sanehide SUGE appeared in the first edition of the Mitsuya book.
- 『今鏡』序文によれば、高倉天皇の嘉応2年(1170年)とされるが、それ以降とする説もある。
- According to the preface of 'Imakagami,' it was completed in 1170, in the era of the Emperor Takakura, but some say that it was completed later.
- 部会長に事故のあるときは、あらかじめ部会の定める順序により、他の委員が部会長の職務を行う。
- If the chairman of the sub-committee is unable to carry out his/her duties, such duties shall be fulfilled by another sub-committee member designated according to an order stipulated in advance by the sub-committee.
- If the chairman of the sub-committee is unable to carry out his/her duties, such duties shall be fulfilled by another sub-committee member designated according to an order determined in advance by the sub-committee.
- 宗家は鷺仁右衛門家、分家に鷺伝右衛門家(幕府狂言方序列4位)、弟子家に名女川家などがあった。
- The head family was the Niemon SAGI family and the branch family was the Denemon SAGI family (the fourth ranked bakufu-sponsored official Kyogen school), followed by subordinate families such as the Namekawa family.
- 大小序之舞で特に老女物はあらゆる舞事のなかでももっとも位取りを重く、静かに舞うものとされる。
- Particularly, it is said that among the Jo no mai accompanied on dai-sho (big and small) hand drums, those the main role of which is an elderly woman should be danced quietly at the slowest tempo.
- また京流手事物では手事の冒頭に導入部として「序」あるいは「マクラ」という部分のある曲も多い。
- Also in Kyoto-style tegotomono, many have a part of 'jo' or 'makura' (prelude) as an introduction of tegoto.
- が、これは蘇軾が祖父の名前「序」を避けて以来広まったのであり、あえて「叙」と表す必要はない。
- However, the character '叙' does not have to be used consciously; it was spread since Su Shi used it to avoid using '序' which was also his grandfather's name.
- 池田亀鑑はこれを総角 (源氏物語)を椎本の並びの巻にしてしまい巻序を示す数字を書かなかった。
- Kikan IKEDA surmises that this was because the compiler considered the 'Agemaki' (Trefoil Knots) chapter a 'parallel chapter' to the 'Shigamoto' (Beneath the Oak) chapter and therefore did not give it a number.
- 上巻には寛平5年(893年)9月25日、下巻には延喜13年(913年)8月21日の序がある。
- Volume one has a preface dated November 11, 893 and volume two dated September 28, 913.
- 寛文5年(1665年)兄香川正恒は、岩国出身の儒学者宇都宮三近に「陰徳記序」を書いてもらう。
- In 1665, his elder brother Masatsune KAGAWA had Sankin UTSUNOMIYA, a Confucian scholar from Iwakuni, write the preface to the Intokuki.
- 律令制下における官職の序列は位階に基づいて定められ、ともに不可分の関係にあり官位と称された。
- Under the Ritsuryo system the rank of government posts (kanshoku) were decided upon court ranks (ikai), which were nondivisable and called kan-i (official court ranks).
- 合併等が金融機関相互間の適正な競争関係を阻害する等金融秩序を乱すおそれがないものであること。
- It is unlikely that the Merger, etc. will disturb the order of the financial system, including impeding fair competition among financial institutions; and
- 各大名は近世的な支配秩序を確立するために、積極的に家臣達の城を破却し、己の城下に集住させた。
- Each daimyo destroyed the castles of his vassals actively and made them live in the castle town to establish modern control and order.
- 天王立で幕を開ける荘重な場面であり、歌舞伎では現在演目として行われている数少ない大序のひとつ。
- It is a solemn scene that starts with kabuki instrumental music, and it is one of the few prologues which is currently performed as an independent act.
- 悪質な知恵の働きを笑いとユーモアの中に語るところに、知恵の破壊的な超秩序な側面が示されている。
- In telling the story of malicious workings of a clever mind with humor and laughter, it brings out an aspect of a clever mind that is destructive and beyond the establishment.
- 偽書説には大体二通りあり、序文のみが偽書であるとする説と、本文も偽書であるとする説に分かれる。
- There are two gisho theories; the theory that only the preface is gisho, the theory that the preface and main text are gisho.
- 撰者である太朝臣安万侶(おおのあそみやすまろ)が、天子に奏上する形式に倣って記した序文である。
- This is the preface stated in the style which O no Asomiyasumaro, Senja (author), used when reporting to the emperor.
- 例えば、『弘仁私記』序、『釈日本紀』引用の「延喜講記」などには『日本書紀』との記述が見られる。
- For example, the term of 'Nihonshoki' appears in some documents such as the preface of 'Koninshiki' and 'Engikoki' (延喜講記) which was cited from 'Shaku Nihongi' (annotated text of the Nihon Shoki).
- 作者も、自らの歌人にあらぬことを明言し、生涯の軌跡を綴った自分のためのメモであると、序でいう。
- The author also clearly says in the foreword that she herself is not a poet, and that this work was a note for herself that traced the path of her life.
- その当時屈指の学僧が、序文を担当していることで、この絵巻がかなりの一大事業であったことが判る。
- The fact that such an educated priest at that time wrote the preface shows that making this Emaki was a very important project.
- このように八幡神は武家を王朝的秩序から解放し、天照大神とは異なる世界を創る大きな役割があった。
- As shown here, Hachimanjin had an important role in releasing samurai from the orders of the Imperial Court and creating a world that was different from that of Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess).
- これに伴って、このような新しい秩序を主宰する主体としての統一者として「天下人」概念が登場した。
- In association with it, the notion of 'Tenkabito' appeared to indicate a person who integrates those locally established authorities and presides over the new order.
- また一般に天下は、一定の秩序原理を伴い、その対象とされる地域・民衆・国家という形で捉えられる。
- Generally speaking, Tenka is accompanied by a fixed principle of order and it means an area, people or a nation which is subject to such a principle of order.
- そのような事情のなかで、昭和29年(1954年)、水野祐が『増訂日本古代王朝史論序説』を発表。
- In such circumstances, Yu MIZUNO published 'Zotei Nihon Kodai Ochoshi Ron Josetsu' (Revised Introduction to the Theory on the History of Ancient Dynasties in Japan) in 1954.
- したがって、どの国・どの地域にも貫通する一元的な国際秩序を見出すことは困難といわねばならない。
- Therefore, we have no other way but to say that it is very difficult to find uniform international order which apply to every country or district.
- 法律行為の当事者が法令中の公の秩序に関しない規定と異なる意思を表示したときは、その意思に従う。
- If any party to a juristic act manifests any intention which is inconsistent with a provision in any laws and regulations not related to public policy, such intention shall prevail.
- 一般の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、第三百六条各号に掲げる順序に従う。
- In cases where there is conflict among general statutory liens, the order of priority shall follow the order listed in each item of Article 306.
- 形見の扇に恋人を偲び中国の古籍をふんだんに引用した謡とともに序ノ舞(現在では中ノ舞)を舞う班女。
- With his fan recalling her lover, Hanjo danced Jo-no-mai (introductory dance) (Naka-no-mai [middle dance] at the present day) with the Noh chant citing many old Chinese writings.
- 序曲というべき「花に遊ばば祇園あたりの色揃え」のにぎやかな唄に始まり、美しい茶屋の舞台が現れる。
- The beautiful stage of chaya appears with the accompaniment of lively song '花に遊ばば祇園あたりの色揃え'.
- 和歌集としてだけでなく、古今和歌集仮名序は後世に大きな影響を与えた歌論として文学的に重要である。
- The Japanese preface of Kokin Wakashu is of literary importance not only as a wakashu but also as a treatise on waka poetry that had a significant influence on Japanese poetry in the years to come.
- 著名歌人の秀句と評される歌を除いて、枕詞・序詞を含む初2句を本歌をそのまま用いるのは許容される。
- Except famous poets' poems that are evaluated as excellent, it is allowed to use the first two phrases including Makura word (Poetic epithet convention) or jokotoba (a preface word) of the original.
- 元禄8年(1695年)景継は「陰徳記自序」を書いており、この頃には完成していたと考えられている。
- In 1695, Kagetsugu wrote the 'Intokuki jijo' (Authorial Preface to the Intokuki), and it is thought that it was around this date that he completed work on the Intokuki.
- 律令体制下では、官と位により官人個々の序列と職掌を明確化することで、公家社会の構成を定めていた。
- Under the ritsuryo system, the structure of the court noble society was determined by clarifying rank order and official duties of each government official based on job grades and Ikai (Court ranks).
- 大名の実際の生産力を把握することよりも、表高で測られる大名の序列や格式の変更を嫌ったことになる。
- The bakufu tried to avoid changes in the rank order and social status of daimyo represented by kokudaka, rather than to comprehend the actual state of production of daimyo.
- そして緩やかなシフトは、華夷秩序と条約体制が並存する状態を東アジア国際社会にもたらしたのである。
- The slow transition resulted in coexistence of Kaichitsujo and the treaty system in the international society of East Asia.
- 外国法によるべき場合において、その規定の適用が明らかに公の秩序に反するときは、これを適用しない。
- Where foreign law shall govern, if the application of the provisions of the foreign law would be manifestly contrary to public order, it shall not apply.
- 犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれ
- Risk that the document will be a hindrance to the prevention, suppression or investigation of crimes, maintenance of prosecution, execution of sentences or any other matters concerning the maintenance of public safety and order
- 書院造が、身分序列を確認する装置として完成されたのは安土桃山時代の城郭建築であったと考えられる。
- Shoin-zukuri was established as a device to show hierarchical ranks and orders, and its pinnacle was in the architecture of castles in the Azuchi-Momoyama Period.
- 委員長に事故のあるときは、あらかじめ綱紀審査会の定める順序により、他の委員が委員長の職務を行う。
- If the chairman is unable to carry out his/her duties, such duties shall be fulfilled by another board member designated according to an order determined in advance by the Board of Discipline Review.
- 委員長に事故のあるときは、あらかじめ綱紀委員会の定める順序により、他の委員が委員長の職務を行う。
- If the chairman is unable to carry out his/her duties, such duties shall be fulfilled by another member of the committee designated according to an order determined in advance by the Disciplinary Committee.
- 委員長に事故のあるときは、あらかじめ懲戒委員会の定める順序により、他の委員が委員長の職務を行う。
- If the chairman is unable to carry out his/her duties, such duties shall be fulfilled by another member of the committee designated according to an order stipulated in advance by the Disciplinary Actions Committee.
- 序の舞は舞われず、源氏物語を読み込んだ長大な「クセ」があるという三番目物としては異例な形をとる。
- There is no Jo-no-mai No dance performed, and the overall style is extraordinary as a highly reputed sanbanme-mono (third-category play), which has an 'unusual flavor' and includes the Tale of Genji.
- 大内義興の上洛の大義名分は、旧秩序の回復を目的、すなわち足利幕府の支配を回復させることにあった。
- The legitimate reason of joraku by Yoshioki OUCHI was recovery of the old order, namely to revive the rule of the Ashikaga shogunate.
- 荘園が一円化して公領(国衙領)と対等な権利地位を獲得した11世紀以降の在地秩序を荘園公領制と呼ぶ。
- The consolidation of manors allowed equal privileges and status with an Imperial demesne (or kokugaryo, a territory governed by a provincial government office) in the 11th century, and the land regularity in and after that century was called the shoen-koryo system.
- 越前の甲斐氏、朝倉氏と同じく、三管領の斯波武衛家の守護代であり、序列は甲斐氏に次いで二位であった。
- Like the Kai clan of Echizen and the Asakura clan, the Oda clan was a shugodai (deputy military governor) of the Shiba-Buei clan of Sankanrei (three families in the post of kanrei, or shogunal deputy) and had the second rank after the Kai clan.
- 平安時代後期以後、朝廷は社会秩序を維持するための警察・軍事的な裏付け(「検断権」)を次第に失った。
- After the late Heian Period, the Imperial Court slowly lost the power to maintain the social order with the police and the military, losing the right to judge criminal cases, thus samurai maintained the order in place of the Imperial Court.
- これを受けて日本全国を統一した豊臣政権は社会秩序の維持のための手段として公武官民の家職を利用した。
- With this, the Toyotomi government which unified Japan used Kashoku of the aristocracy, military, officials and public as a method of maintaining civil order.
- 大正12年2月28日の改定においては、従来の国是、国家目標、国家戦略、国防方針の順序で記述された。
- The policies described in the revision of February 28, 1923 were prioritized according to the following order: national virtue, national goal, national strategy, and policy for national defense.
- むしろ中村正直の序文から、彼の国際法観が自然法的なものであることがうかがえる点が興味深いとされる。
- Rather than the contents, it is considered the foreword by Masanao NAKAMURA is more interesting as it shows that his view on international law is close to a point of view of natural law.
- 曲には序(じょ)・破(は)・急(きゅう)があり、西洋音楽で言う第一楽章、第二楽章、第三楽章を言う。
- A piece of music has Jo, Ha and Kyu, and respectively they are equivalent to the first, second and third movements in Western music.
- また、気は万物を構成する要素で運動性をもち、理は根本的実在として気の運動に対して秩序を与えるとする。
- Further, 'Ch'i' is a component of everything and has mobility, and 'Li' gives order to the movement of 'Ch'i' as a fundamental existence.
- つまり人長作法、庭燎、よりあい、という順番で、これをいわば序曲として、阿知女作法を経て、採物に入る。
- In fact, the process from the nincho's manner and Niwabi to yoriai is considered the prelude to torimono (symbolic offerings), and the torimono follows Achime no waza (Manners of Achime).
- 「序破急」の語は、猿楽、世阿弥の書『花鏡』、『三道』、『風姿花伝』で触れられているので、有名である。
- The word 'johakyu' is well known because this word is mentioned in 'Kakyo,' 'Sando' and 'Fushikaden' (these three books form the doctrine of Noh art) written by Zeami.
- 皇統譜は、皇室の身分関係(家族関係)を公証し、皇位継承の順序を定める基礎となる、皇室の戸籍にあたる。
- Kotofu is a family register of Imperial family which is a base to decide the order of succession to the Imperial Throne and to notarize the lineage relation (family relation) of Imperial family.
- かぶき者のこうした身なりや行動は、世間の常識や権力・秩序への反発・反骨の精神の表れと見てよいだろう。
- Their outfits and behavior can be seen as an expression of their spirit of repulsion and revolt against the prevailing social norm, authorities, and public order generally in society.
- このようにアジアの遊牧民にも一定の秩序原理に基づいた「天下」概念類似の地上世界観が存在したとされる。
- As shown by the above, the nomads in Asia also had a view of the world based on the fixed principle of order, which was similar to the notion of 'Tenka.'
- しかし、これらの地域もいずれは中国の皇帝の主宰する秩序原理に組み入れられる存在として認識されていた。
- However, these areas were deemed as the ones that were to be incorporated into the principle of order of the emperor of the Chinese dynasty.
- これにたいして日本では宦官は置かれずに宮人とも呼ばれる女官が発達して女性達によって秩序が維持された。
- In contrast, the court ladies, also called Kyujin, were developed to maintain the internal order of the Kokyu palaces instead of the castrated eunuches in Japan.
- 一の債権記録における質権設定記録及び転質の電子記録がされた順序を示す番号(以下「質権番号」という。)
- Number showing the order of the pledge creation record and of the Electronic Record for sub-pledge, in one Monetary Claim Record (hereinafter referred to as 'Pledge Number'); and
- また細かく分けると(二経六段)、前半の迹・本の二門にもにもそれぞれ序・正宗・流通の三分があるとする。
- And if it is subdivided (two sutras of six parts), each Shakumon and Honmon is divided into Jobun, Shojubun and Ruzubun.
- 太祖朱元璋は六諭を発布して儒教的道徳に基づく郷村秩序の構築を目指し、義民や孝子・節婦の顕彰を行った。
- Taiso, Shu Gensho (Chu Yuan-chang), issued Rikuyu (Six admonition to people), aiming to build a public order of villages based on Ju-kyo morals, and honored people who sacrifice themselves to justice, dutiful children, and faithful women.
- 更に、室町幕府の奥羽大名施策において、両安東氏を屋形を称する家柄として秩序立てていたとする見解もある。
- In addition, according to an observation, both Ando families were positioned in the family rank entitled yakata (an honorific title) within the Muromachi bakufu's daimyo (feudal lords) policy in Ou Province, as being used in order to maintain the feudal order of the region.
- 『下学集』(文安元年(1444年)成立)の序文に、『童子教』とともに童蒙学習書の筆頭に挙げられている。
- In the preface of 'Kagakushu' (compiled in 1444), it was listed, along with 'Dojikyo,' as one of the top textbooks for children's education.
- 『懐風藻』の序文によれば、近江朝の安定した政治による平和が詩文の発達を促し、多くの作品を生んだという。
- According to the preface of 'Kaihuso,' a peaceful society thanks to the stable government of the Omi period was conducive to developing poetry and numerous works were created.
- 中国における天下は、一般に中国王朝の皇帝が主宰し、一定の普遍的な秩序原理に支配されている空間であった。
- In China, Tenka generally referred to the space which the emperor of the Chinese dynasty ruled based on the fixed universal principle of order.
- 「喧嘩両成敗」は、秩序が崩壊した戦国時代 (日本)に誕生した慣習法であり、かぶき者が好んだ法であった。
- Kenka Ryoseibai' was the customary law which came to exist in the Sengoku Period when everything was out of order, and was loved by kabukimono.
- 外国法によるべき場合において、その規定の適用が公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反するときは、これを適用しない。
- In cases where a foreign law shall govern, if the application of those provisions of the foreign law is against public policy, those provisions shall not apply.
- 信長の安土城や、豊臣秀吉の大坂城などにおいて身分の序列を著し権力者の威厳を示すため、書院造が完成した。
- The Shoin-zukuri style was established for clarifying the social status orders of persons and for showing dignity of the person in authority in Azuchi-jo Castle built by Nobunaga or Osaka-jo Castle built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 漸教(ぜん、漸とは次第にの意で、浅い教えから深い教えと次第し順序を追って衆生の機根に応じて説いた教え)
- Zen-kyo (zen means gradually and Zen-kyo is the teaching which Buddha preached stepwise from shallow teachings to deep teachings depending on people's patience)
- 区画漁業(真珠養殖業及び特定区画漁業権の内容たる区画漁業を除く。)の免許の優先順位は、次の順序による。
- The priority order for the licenses of a demarcated fishery (excluding the pearl aquaculture business and the demarcated fishery covered by a specific demarcated fishery right) shall conform to the following order.
- 本書の巻頭にある、1344年の覚岸序によれば、撰者の梅屋念常は、諸方を遊歴して仏教史蹟を踏査している。
- According to the introduction section of Kakugan, in the preface of the work, the compiler 梅屋念常 traveled around various areas and made a survey of historical sites of Buddhism.
- 形式(手紙文の「書き出し」、生活上必要な「単語群」、手紙文の「締めくくり」、日付、差出人名、宛名の順序)
- Formatted in the following order: 'introduction' of a letter, 'word groups' essential in everyday life, 'closing' of a letter, date, sender's name, and address.
- 幕藩体制においては、朝廷は幕府の制約を受けていたが、権威的秩序、宗教的な頂点の存在として位置づけられた。
- In the shogunate system, the Imperial Court had restrictions put on it by the shogunate, but it was nominally situated at the top of the order of authority and the religious system.
- なお、中世の『古今和歌集序聞書三流抄』には、天皇が出雲国に行幸して、素戔嗚尊に出会うという逸話が見える。
- In 'Kokin Wakashu Jomonsho Sanryu-sho' (Excerpts from 'A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry 'and explanatory notes) in the Medieval Period, there is an anecdote that Emperor Itoku visited Izumo County and met SUSANO no Mikoto (a deity of Japanese Mythology).
- たとえば契沖が「序(詞)ト云モ枕詞ノ長キヲ云ヘリ」(『万葉代匠記』)と説明しているのが代表的な例である。
- For example, it is one of the typical examples that Keichu wrote 'if one says jokotoba, one speaks of long makurakotoba' ('Manyodaishoki').
- 『実隆公記』の記述は『日本大文典』の記載とは助詞の順序が異なり、「京ニ、ツクシへ、坂東サ」となっている。
- However the record in 'Sanetaka Koki' about it was different from that in 'Arte da Lingoa de Iapam,' and the order of case particles were as follows: 'Kyo ni, Tsukushi he, Banto sa.'
- 代表的な作品として唐の太宗 (唐)の手になる大慈恩寺・大雁塔に刻された「聖教序」(御製御書)などがある。
- Exemplary works of gyosei include the 'Shogyojo' (writing done by the emperor's hand) by Taiso (Tang tai zong), that was engraved on the Daiganto at the Daijion-ji Temple.
- 高谷龍州註釈・中村正直批閲及び序文『万国公法蠡管』(ばんこくこうほうれいかん)全八冊、済美黌、1876年
- 'Bankoku Koho Reikan' eight-volume book, translator's notes by Ryushu TAKATANI and foreword and proofread by Masanao NAKAMURA, published by Seibiko in 1876.
- 前項の要求により派出された警察官は、法廷における秩序の維持につき、裁判長又は一人の裁判官の指揮を受ける。
- The police officers who have been dispatched at the request under the preceding paragraph shall be directed by the presiding judge or a single judge in order to maintain order during the judicial procedure.
- 茶道の精神は、俗世間を超越した精神的高揚を重んじる「侘茶」の世界であり、秩序正しい有職紋様はそぐわない。
- The spirit of the tea ceremony is in the world of 'wabicha' (literally, poverty tea style; known as the tea ceremony) which places value on spiritual elevation that stands aloof from the everyday world so, it is unsuitable for the well-ordered yusoku-monyo.
- 松殿家(まつどのけ)は、摂関家として創設され、『本来であれば』摂家の近衛家・九条家に並ぶ序列の公家である。
- The Matsudono Family, established as a house of Regents and Senior Regents was, in theory, ranked at the same level as the houses of Regents such as the Konoe family and the Kujo family in the Court nobility.
- このため、3カ条の回答で皇位継承を含めた現状の朝廷秩序を支持するとともに暗に義仲討伐の許可を求めたとする。
- Therefore, with his reply consisting of three articles, he indirectly called for the approval for subjugation of Yoshinaka as well as supported the order of the imperial court.
- 東西声(とうざいごえ)は歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃の序びらき、口上の前などに「東西、東西」と裏から声を掛けること。
- Tozaigoe refers to shouts of 'tozai, tozai' (east west) from the backstage at the jobiraki (an opening) or before kojo (a ceremony to announce that an actor takes a new stage name) of kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) or ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater).
- その序文には「世にいふようくわいはおくびょうよりおこるわが心をむかふへあらわしてみるといえども…」とある。
- It says in the prologue, 'it can be said that the so-called yokai in our society is a representation of our feelings that arise from fear.'
- 京流手事物曲の手事では、手事の最初に前唄からの導入部的な部分である「序」または「マクラ」を持つものが多い。
- In tegoto of Kyoto-style tegotomono, many have preludes called 'jo' or 'makura' in the beginning, which serve as introductory parts in relation to maeuta (the former song).
- 近年では中西進が、序詞と枕詞をいずれも「連合表現」と括って、あまり両者を区別するべきではないと説いている。
- In recent years, Susumu NAKANISHI explains that both jokotoba and makurakotoba must be put together as an 'associated expression' and must not be distinguished too strictly.
- 残った要人は、急速かつ無秩序に行われたこれまでの制度改革を整理すべく大久保を中心に内務省 (日本)を設置。
- The rest of the leaders established the Naimusho (Japan's Ministry of the Interior) under Okubo's initiative to readjust the makeshift and chaotic political reforms thus far made.
- 一方、日本律令制では、官人はまず位階によって序列化され、そして位階に応じた官職が与えられることされていた。
- On the other hand, on the Japanese Ritsuryo system, government officials were ranked by Ikai first and given the government post correspond to the Ikai.
- そのため、律令導入時に官人制を布く際、従前の序列を温存しながら各氏族を官人として再編成する必要に迫られた。
- Therefore, it was required to restructure each clans as government officials by preserving the former hierarchy when promulgating the government official system at the installation of Ritsuryo.
- そのため序盤で矢を射尽くし、後は射かけられるままとなって無防備な水手・梶取から犠牲になっていったのである。
- Then at the initial state of the battle, the Taira family side had used all the arrows and its unprotected oarsmen and steerspersons were shot to death one by one without being able to take any measures to counterattack.
- これは、小西説の指摘するとおり空海自身が本書の編成順序を天・地・東・西・南・北としていたと見做せなくもない。
- As Konishi indicated, it can be deemed that Kukai himself insisted that the order of the volume should be Heaven, Earth, East, West, South, and North.
- 次第に、「姓」・「氏」や「部」は、王権によって序列化・統制され、私的な集団から公的な制度へと編成されて行く。
- The dynasty gradually made 'kabane,' 'uji,' and 'be' incorporated into a hierarchy, and these private groups were organized in a public system.
- それでも、荘園機構自体の存続、生産秩序や治安の維持、年貢・公事の安定的な確保を行うために本所法が制定された。
- Nevertheless, honjo laws were continuously enacted for the purpose of retaining the Shoen structure itself, maintaining the production system or the public order, and securing the stable supply of nengu (land tax) and kuji (public duties).
- 最終的に秩序だって整理されたとするならば、その整理者をいわゆる作者とすべきではないか、という指摘も見られる。
- As some have pointed out, if the text had been orderly arranged at the final stage, the person who did this editing must be regarded the author.
- 仮名序で安積山の歌と並んで「手習ふ人のはじめにもしける」と言われたように、古来書道の初学としても用いられた。
- As the kanajo says of this poem, alongside the poem of Mt. Asaka, 'people who practice writing with a brush will start from this,' it was a poem traditionally used by those starting the study of calligraphy.
- 部立の順序は春(上・下)、夏、秋(上・下)、冬、離別、羇旅、神祇、釈教、恋(五巻)、雑(三巻)、哀傷、賀歌。
- The poems were classified in the order of categories: Spring (two volumes), Summer, Autumn (two volumes), Winter, Separation, Journey, Jingi (gods of heaven and earth), Shakyamuni's teachings, Love (five volumes), Miscellanea (three volumes), Elegy, and Gaka (Celebration Poetry).
- 古今和歌集仮名序では、「大伴黒主はそのさまいやし。いはば薪を負へる山人の花の陰にやすめるが如し」と評される。
- In Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (Japanese preface of the Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), he is described as follows; 'The poems of OTOMO no Kuronushi are scruffy and have little character. It's like a old man, carrying firewood on his back in a mountain village, is resting under a flower tree.'
- 「古今和歌集」の真名序は淑望が執筆したものとされ、和歌は「古今和歌集」以後の勅撰和歌集に3首が入されている。
- It is said that Yoshimochi wrote manajo (a preface written in Chinese) for 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and three of his waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) were chosen for Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including 'Kokin Wakashu.'
- 国や地域によって均質・一様でない華夷秩序(の束)に、最終的には取って代わったのが西欧起源の条約体制であった。
- At last, treaty system originated in western countries replaced kaichitsujo (or a batch of such kaichitsujo) that was not homogeneous or uniform depending on country or district.
- 枝も前後左右に順序よく出ており、枝と枝の間隔も上に行くに従って、狭くなっていくような状態を枝順がよいと言う。
- If the branches branch off in a balanced way around the trunk, left to right, front to back, and the space between branches becomes smaller further up the tree, this is called a good branch balance.
- 前項の条件は、商品市場における秩序を維持し、又は委託者を保護するため必要な最小限度のものでなければならない。
- The conditions under the preceding paragraph shall be the minimum conditions necessary for maintaining order in Commodity Markets and protecting customers.
- これらのことから古墳時代前期には、地域まで憤形と規模による身分秩序が行き渡ってはいなかったと考えられている。
- These suggest that a status system based on the scale and shape of the tumuli did not extend all over the area in the early Kofun period.
- 弁護士は、前項の使命に基き、誠実にその職務を行い、社会秩序の維持及び法律制度の改善に努力しなければならない。
- An attorney shall, in keeping with the mission specified set forth in the preceding paragraph, perform his/her duties in good faith and endeavor to maintain the social order and to improve the legal system.
- ここまで諸本についてふれてきたとおり、『保元物語』は複数の伝本が残されており、内容・話の順序には変更点が多い。
- As has been mentioned, 'Hogen Monogatari' has many versions of manuscript, and its contents and the order of the story vary among them.
- 序文を書いている藪野椋十とは、当時の啄木の勤務先である東京朝日新聞で社会部長を務めていた渋川玄耳のことである。
- The preface of this book was written by a person named Mukuju YABUNO, which was actually the pen name of Genji SHIBUKAWA, a city news editr at Tokyo Asahi shinbun-Newspaper where Takuboku was working at that time.
- このようにして成立した幕藩体制国家は、対外関係を華夷秩序に擬制して編成し、具体的には海禁政策(鎖国)をとった。
- The nation of the shogunate system which had been built up this way created its foreign relations by imitating the order of kai and adopted the kaikin policy (national isolation) in practice.
- 唐律令制では、官人の序列を決定するのは官職という原則が通底しており、品階は官職の等級を表す指標に過ぎなかった。
- On the Ritsuryo system of Tang, it was the common principle that hierarchy of government officials were decided by the government post, and Ikai was only the index to describe the grade of the government post.
- 八部衆を含む興福寺西金堂諸像については、法華経序品ではなく、金光明最勝王経所説に基づく造像だと解釈されている。
- The statues at Saikon-do of Kofuku-ji Temple including Hachibushu are interpreted to have been produced based on Konkomyo saisho-kyo (Golden Light Sutra of the Most Victorious Kings) instead of Jobon of Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 能管は「四拍子」のなかでは唯一の旋律楽器で、囃子のみによる舞(序之舞、中之舞など)では中心的なはたらきをする。
- Since the Noh pipe is the only melody musical instrument with the four-beat-rhythm, it plays a central role during a Noh dance (jo-no-mai or chu-no-mai) when only the Noh musicians are providing the sound.
- 元禄8年(1695年)景継は「陰徳記自序」を書いており、この頃に「陰徳太平記」は完成していたと考えられている。
- In 1695, Kagetsugu wrote 'Intoku-ki jijo' (preface of the Intoku-ki) and it is estimated that he completed 'Intoku-taiheiki' around that time.
- 序文によれば、弘仁10年 (819年)、嵯峨天皇が、藤原冬嗣、藤原緒嗣、藤原貞嗣、良岑安世に勅して編纂を命じた。
- According to the preface, in 819 Emperor Saga ordered FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu, FUJIWARA no Otsugu, FUJIWARA no Sadatsugu and YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo to compile the history book.
- 片歌・旋頭歌・短歌・長歌などの五音と七音を標準とする歌体に、対句・くりかえし・枕詞・序詞などの技法が用いられた。
- Poetic devices such as Tsuiku, Kurikaeshi (repetition), Makura kotoba, Jo kotoba, etc., were used for a verse form of basic lines of five and seven syllables, like Katauta, Sedoka, Tanka and Choka.
- 「古今和歌集」仮名序では、「詞はたくみにて、そのさま身におはず、いはば商人のよき衣着たらんがごとし」と評される。
- In 'Kokin Wakashu' Kanajo (Preface of Kokinwakashu written in kana by KI no Tsurayuki), it was written that 'his poems are excellent, but his appearance is not good enough, as a merchant wearing good cloth.'
- しかし欧米諸国は、「礼制」に変えて近代国際法に基づく条約によって国際関係を律する国際秩序を東アジアにもたらした。
- European and American countries brought, instead of 'Li system,' international order in which international relations were controlled by treaties under modern international laws to East Asia.
- 知恵は正義や潔さを無意味化し権力の維持にとって重要な安定した秩序を笑い飛ばす危険なパワーをはらみもつのだという。
- It implies that a clever mind strips off meaning from justice and fairness, and that it has a dangerous power to laugh away the stable order which is important in maintaining authority.
- この一因には、料理店で提供される際に、料理を持ち出す順序、提供される順序などが「茶懐石」と若干異なることにある。
- One of the reasons for this is that the order of bringing or serving dishes in restaurants is slightly different from that of 'chakaiseki.'
- 弁理士会は、経済産業大臣の認可を受けて、弁理士会の秩序又は信用を害するおそれのある会員を退会させることができる。
- The Patent Attorneys Association may, by obtaining approval of the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, remove any member from its membership who presents a risk of damaging the order or reputation of the Patent Attorneys Association.
- しかし、織田信長は、古い権威ではなく武力によって新しい秩序を作ろうと考え、彼の上洛はその足がかりとして行われた。
- However, Nobunaga ODA intended to create a new order using military power instead of making use of the old authority, and his joraku was performed on this basis.
- 皇位継承の順序が厳格に定められるようになり、重大な病気などでない限り、皇位継承順位の変更は許されないこととなった。
- Thereafter, the order of succession to the Imperial throne was strictly regulated by the law, and any change in the order became unallowable unless he had serious health problems or the like.
- 小野小町、大伴黒主はともに六歌仙に数えられる歌人であり、『古今和歌集』仮名序で、小町は「いにしへの衣通姫の流なり。
- Both ONO no Komachi and OTOMO no Kuronushi were amongst six master poets, and 'Kokin Wakashu' Kanajo (Preface of Kokinwakashu written in kana by KI no Tsurayuki) contains the famous review of the two; Komachi is referred to as 'she is beautiful as if she is a descendant of a beautiful Princess Sotoori-hime in ancient times.
- しかし、それを証する外部の有力な証拠がないことなどをもって序文の正当性に疑義を指摘し、偽書の可能性を指摘している。
- However, some people doubted the correctness in its preface and pointed out the possibility that the Kojiki was gisho in that no other supporting evidence was publicly available.
- 序詞とともに『万葉集』に多用された歌の技法であり、平安時代以降の場合は、歌の意味には直接的に関係しないことが多い。
- Makurakotoba is a technique of poetry which was used as often as jokotoba (序詞) in 'Manyoshu,' and after the Heian period, most of makurakotoba have had nothing to do with the meaning of the poems.
- 国家・天皇に対する犯罪のみならず、神社や尊属に対する犯罪も八虐に数えられており、身分による社会秩序を重視している。
- Not only crimes against nation or emperor, but also those against shrines or ancestors were included in the Hachigyaku, which indicates the fact that the social order based on status was valued.
- 当該外国倒産処理手続について次章の規定により援助の処分をすることが日本における公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反するとき。
- where it is contrary to public policy in Japan to render a disposition of assistance for the foreign insolvency proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the following Chapter;
- 以上のほか、特殊な舞事として、「雪 (能)」の雪踏之拍子や「羽衣」や「杜若」の小書に用いられる盤渉序之舞などがあり、
- In addition to the mai-goto described above, there are the Setto no hyoshi (a rhythm of treading on snow) in 'Yuki' and Banshiki Jo no mai (the slow-tempo dance played in a key called Banshiki, which is close to the western key of B) used for a kogaki for 'Hagoromo' or 'Kakitsubata'.
- 後唄はたいてい前唄よりも短く、合の手も少なく、あっても短いが、曲全体のコーダ的、あるいは序破急の急的役割をしている。
- Mostly atouta is shorter than maeuta, the ai-no-te is fewer if any, and they are short and play a role of coda of the whole song or a 'kyu' of 'Jo-ha-kyu' (three segments of performance and speed of plays; slower and quieter performance during the jo (beginning), gradually gaining the tempo in the ha (middle portion), and becoming more energetic during the kyu (denouement)).
- 序幕の美しい夜桜を背景とする殺人場は、並木五瓶の『隅田春妓女容性』(梅の由兵衛)を下敷きにしたいわゆる本歌取の作品。
- The killing scene in the prologue with the night view of cherry blossoms in the background was produced by the technique called Honkatori (writing poems quoted parts of old poems), quoting parts from 'Sumida no haru geisha katagi' (also known as 'Yoshibe UMENO') written by Gohei NAMIKI.
- いずれも、いかに正確にかつ効率よく記述するかで悩んでいた(序文参照)編者・太安万侶の涙ぐましいまでの苦心の跡である。
- Any of these is the result of dedicated efforts of the compiler, O no Yasumaro who was struggled to accurately and efficiently describe the content (refer to the preface).
- つまり、公家・武家・僧侶が天皇及びその大政委任を受けた征夷大将軍に仕えるための秩序作りのための法度であったのである。
- In other words, that was the law to establish order for the court nobles, the samurai families, and Buddhist monks to serve the emperor and seii taishogun that was delegated the administration of the country by the emperor.
- 前三項の規定は、わが国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障を生ずることとならない場合として政令で定める場合には、適用しない。
- Provisions of the preceding 3 paragraphs shall not apply when Cabinet Order provides that the case has no risk of harm to the preservation of normal order of the Japanese fishery.
- 律令制秩序の回復を目指して天皇・上皇(治天の君)の意向を受けた太政官が陣定などを経て官符(太政官符)の形式で発布する。
- It was promulgated in the form of kanpu (Daijokanpu, which means official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) through a council called Jin no sadame (ancient cabinet council) held by Daijokan (Grand Council of State) at the behest of the Emperor or the Retired Emperor in power (Chiten no kimi) aiming at the restoration of order of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- これも「知恵」が単純に文化秩序を象徴するわけではないことを物語っている、と共立女子短期大学講師・猪股ときわは分析する。
- Tokiwa INOMATA, a lecturer at Kyoritsu Women's Junior College, analyzes that this implies that a 'clever mind' does not simply represent cultural order.
- さらに天武13年(684年)、八色の姓を制定して朝廷の身分秩序を確立し新冠位制を施行して冠位賦与を親王にまで拡大した。
- In 684, he enacted the Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) so as to establish the order of social status within the imperial court, and put the new system indicating court ranks by headgear colors in effect and made Imperial Princes able to gain court rank.
- 蔵元のなかには、あえて政府の監査と級別制度の中に序せられることを拒否し、「無鑑査」として流通させるところもあらわれた。
- Some sake brewers daringly refused to be bound by the government appraisal and classification system, and distributed sake as a type of good that was 'exempt from appraisal.'
- 構成は、上つ巻(序・神話)中つ巻(初代から十五代天皇まで)下つ巻(第十六代から三十三代天皇まで)の3巻より成っている。
- Kojiki is composed of three volumes; volume 1 (preface, mythology), volume 2 (from the first generation to the fifteenth emperor), and volume 3 (from the sixteenth generation to the thirty third emperor).
- 洋行費の工面は、森鴎外幅の広い文芸活動と交際が手助けをし、また『新訳源氏物語』の序文を書いた鴎外がその校正を代わった。
- Ogai MORI helped her to raise money for going abroad with his wide range of literary works and large circle of contacts, and he also proofread 'Shinyaku Genji Monogatari (New Translation of The Tale of Genji)' on behalf of Akiko to which he wrote the preface.
- 源氏物語の巻名や巻序の説明(『源氏物語目録』などと呼ばれることもあり、これだけで独立した書き物になっている場合もある。
- Explanations of titles for the chapters and prefaces to them (it is also called 'Genji monogatari mokuroku' (Catalogue of The Tale of Genji), which sometimes came out in the form of an independent book.
- しかし、度重なる西欧列強との戦争によって、次々と朝貢国を喪失していき華夷秩序を維持することは事実上困難となっていった。
- However, it became impossible because the Qing dynasty continuously lost its chokokoku after several wars between Western countries.
- 次に掲げる者は、第八百八十七条の規定により相続人となるべき者がない場合には、次に掲げる順序の順位に従って相続人となる。
- In the case where there is no person to become an heir pursuant to the provisions of Article 887, the following persons shall become heirs in accordance with the following order of rank:
- 法第二条第三十四項に規定する記号又は数字に類するものとして内閣府令で定めるものは、順序を示す簡易な文章又は文字とする。
- Those similar to a mark or number as specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance, as referred to in Article 2, paragraph (34) of the Act shall be a simple text or a character showing sequential orders.
- 同一の不動産について特別の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、第三百二十五条各号に掲げる順序に従う。
- In cases where there is conflict among special statutory liens with respect to the same immovable properties, the order of priority shall follow the order of the items of Article 325.
- 官吏を序列化する制度は、603年(推古天皇11年)の冠位十二階に始まり、その後数度の変遷を経る(冠位・官位制度の変遷)。
- The system of grading government officials started in 603 with Kani Junikai (The Twelve Level Cap and Rank System) and went through several changes after that (see the section on The Change of Kani Systems).
- 前述したように華夷秩序では、中国王朝から冊封から受け、あるいは朝貢を行うことで、周辺諸国は宗主国―藩属国の関係となった。
- As described above, in the structure of Kaichitsujo, neighboring countries of China received sakuho or conducted choko and built a relationship with China as suzerain state and hanzokukoku.
- 紀貫之が書いた『古今和歌集』の「古今和歌集仮名序」は、漢文の用法を遺しながらも平仮名で書かれた和文として初期のものである。
- Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (Preface of Kokin Wakashu written in kana) of the 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) written by KI no Tsurayuki was an early work written in Hiragana while keeping the usage of a text in Chinese.
- これらは、冠位十二階に組み込まれなかった大臣 (日本)(おおおみ)などを冠位制の序列に組み込もうとした試みだと考えられる。
- These revisions are considered to be attempts to fit hereditary titles, such as O-omi, that had been left out of the twelve cap ranks into the hierarchy of the system.
- つまり、この時代には唯一の検断権の行使機関であった鎌倉幕府に対する反抗は即ち社会秩序全体を危うくする行為と見なされていた。
- A rebel against the Kamakura bakufu, which was the only agency to exercise the right to criminal cases, was considered as a dysfunctional behavior in this period.
- 民衆は無秩序に食料を求めて朝鮮・明軍・日本軍を襲い、食料調達が不足した日本軍・明軍・朝鮮軍は朝鮮民衆から現地徴発を行った。
- Common people attacked the troops of Korea, Ming and Japan disorderly looking for food and the latter, which suffered short supply of food, conducted local procurement from common people of Korea.
- 読み手はあるコマを読んだ後、次のコマはどれか判断しなければならないが、順序は明示されずに暗黙の了解とされている場合が多い。
- Readers should guess the following frame after reading a frame, in many cases, the order of reading is not specified and it is an unspoken understanding.
- そして、『雨月物語』の序をみるとそこには、「明和戊子晩春」、つまり明和5年晩春に『雨月物語』の執筆が終っていることになる。
- In the preface of 'Ugetsu Monogatari' there is a description '明和戊子晩春,' which indicates that 'Tales of Moonlight and Rain' was completed in the late spring of 1768.
- ここにあげられている巻名・数え方・順序については現在の一般的なものと比べて、並びの巻は数えておらず、全37帖になっている。
- Unlike the average modern commentary, 'parallel chapters' that follow and are contemporaneous with the main chapter but concern unrelated events are not taken into account for the titles, counting method and order of the chapters and therefore the total number of chapters covered is thirty-seven.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の混乱期に一旦は解体しかけた朝廷及び公家社会の秩序回復に、江戸幕府が協力する姿勢を示したものとも言える。
- It can also be said that the Edo bakufu showed an attitude of cooperation to restore order of the imperial court and the court noble society which had once almost broken up in the confusion during the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 序文で述べているが、石山合戦は当時最大の宗教一揆でもあったため、それが終結したことで各地の宗教一揆は激減することになった。
- As mentioned in the above introduction, religious ikki in various areas were significantly reduced with the end of the Ishiyama War, which was the largest religious ikki at that time.
- ただ朝鮮側としては、それまでの日本との交隣関係を明文化したとの捉え方で、華夷秩序から条約体制に乗り換えたつもりはなかった。
- However, Korean side considered that they just made the relationship with Japan clear as a written form but did not intend to withdraw from Kaichitsujo and join in treaty system.
- 名家(めいけ、めいか)とは、鎌倉時代以降に成立した公家の家格のひとつで、羽林家と同列で、半家 (公家)の上の序列に位置する。
- Meike (also pronounced Meika) was one of the kakaku (family status) of kuge (court noble) established after the Kamakura period and it was of equal rank to the House of Urin and positioned in a higher rank than hanke (a kind of family status of the Court nobles) (kuge).
- また、権利制限の根拠は「法律ニ定メタル場合」「法律ノ範囲内」などのいわゆる「法律の留保」、あるいは「安寧秩序」に求められた。
- Restrictions on rights were based on the idea 'Reservation of the law' which indicated 'when the law is defined so' and 'within the limits of the law,' or the idea 'public peace and order.'
- 本来は王であるが、旧皇室典範制定前に親王宣下を受けて親王となっている者(宣下親王)は、宣下された順序によって、王の上とする。
- Those who were originally Princes but had been conferred the title of Imperial Prince before the implementation of the former Imperial House Act (declared Imperial Princes) were ranked above Princes in order of conferrence.
- 序文によれば、本書の編纂は清和天皇が貞観 (日本)13年(871年)、藤原基経、南淵年名、都良香、大江音人らに編纂を命じた。
- According to the preface, in 871 Emperor Seiwa ordered FUJIWARA no Mototsune, MINABUCHI no Toshina, MIYAKO no Yoshika, and OE no Otondo to compile it.
- 近代国際法の受容を進めた朝鮮であったが、やがて開化派の中の急進分子は積極的に華夷秩序からの離脱を模索するようになっていった。
- Acceptance of modern international law was promoted in Korea, but leftists of the Kaehwadang actively tried to find a way to get out from Kaichitsujo.
- 「曼荼羅」とは、複数の要素がある秩序のもとに組み合わされ、全体として何らかの宗教的世界観を表わしたものと要約できるであろう。
- In a nutshell, 'mandala' is a painting that combines plural elements and express a certain religious world view as a whole.
- その後、義満の時代に国内は安定したものの、応仁の乱をへて全国動乱の時代(戦国時代)を迎え荘園公領制が崩壊して新秩序が成立した。
- Thereafter, while in Yoshimitsu's time the country was pacified, following the Onin War the entire country became engulfed in strife (the Sengoku period) and as the shoen-koryo system fell apart, a new system came into existence to replace it.
- 儒教では、贅沢は君臣・尊卑の名 (倫理)と分 (倫理)からの逸脱を意味するとされ、社会秩序に対する重大な挑戦と考えられてきた。
- Confucianism has stated that luxury is against Mei (ethics) and Bun (ethics) of Kunshin Sonpi (knowing the difference between the ruler and the ruled or between the aristocrat and the plebeian) and is a great defiance against social order.
- この精神は、地方政府組織の末端にいたるまで貫徹し、全体の官僚機構は、相互に秩序ある階層制によって連結された官庁から成っていた。
- This spirit was persistent all the way to the tail end of provincial governmental organizations, and the overall bureaucracy consisted of ministries that were interconnected through an orderly ranking system.
- 下剋上 / 下克上 (げこくじょう)とは、日本史において下位の者が上位の者を政治的、軍事的に打倒して身分秩序を侵す行為をさす。
- Gekokujo ('the low overturning the high,' a term used to describe retainers overthrowing their lords) describes situations in Japanese history that occur when a person of lower rank overthrows a superior either politically or militarily, and then supplants the superior's position in society.
- 弘仁格式序に「天智天皇元年に至り、令二十二巻を制す、世人所謂近江朝廷之令也」と伝えるが、近江令は存在しなかったとみられている。
- It is stated in the preface of the Konin kyakushiki code (amendments to penal and administrative law compiled in 820) that 'Twenty-two volumes of administrative codes were completed in the First Year of Emperor Tenmu called Omi-chotei-no-ryo (The Administrative Code of the Omi Court),' but it is believed that the Omi-Ryo (Omi Administrative Code) did not exist.
- 天暦の治と呼ばれる改革を進められていた中で、下級官人の華美な服飾華美(過差)を規制・禁止して身分秩序の遵守を図るものであった。
- It was issued in the midst of the reformation called Tenryaku no chi (glorious Tenryaku rule) for the purpose of the regulation and the prohibition on extravagant magnificence or variance of clothing among lower-ranking government officials in order to strictly maintain the order of the social status.
- 「太田の決戦は、中世を象徴する宗教的な民衆武力と、兵農分離の近世秩序が、真正面から戦いあった日本史上のクライマックス」である。
- The battle of Ota was the climax of Japanese history in which the military force of religious common people which symbolized medieval times and the order of heinobunri in recent times confronted.'
- 王羲之の書の真偽鑑定を行った唐の褚遂良は『晋右軍王羲之書目』において行書の第一番に「永和九年 二八行 蘭亭序」と掲載している。
- Cho Suiryo in Tang authenticated the Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy and wrote a note, 'In 1383, 28 lines, the Ranteijo' in the first part of the gyosho (a style of handwriting) in the 'Shinnyugun Ougishi Shomoku.'
- 六歌仙は『古今和歌集仮名序』において紀貫之が「近き世にその名きこえたる人」として掲げた、各々の歌風を批評した六人の歌人である。
- Rokkasen are the following six poets that KI no Tsurayuki remarked as 'poets of the best known of recent times' and commented on the style of poetry of each in 'Kokin Wakashu Kanajo' (Preface of Kokin wakashu written in kana):
- 仮名序は、冒頭で和歌の本質とは何かを解き明かした後、和歌の成り立ちについて述べ、次いで、和歌を6分類し各分類について説明する。
- The preface explains the nature of waka in the opening sentence, followed by the history of waka, and then divided into six waka groups, each of which is explained further.
- 日本や朝鮮、ベトナム、琉球といった中国の周辺諸国は、その中国から様々なスタンスを取ることで安定的な国際秩序を形成維持してきた。
- Neighboring countries of China including Japan, Korea, Viet Nam and Ryukyu has formed and maintained stable international order by taking various stances toward China.
- 前近代における東アジア国際社会は、政治的・経済的・文化的に大きな存在感を放つ中国王朝を中心とする形で国際秩序が成り立っていた。
- In the international society in East Asia in pre-modern times, international order was formed and maintained having China dynasty, which had significant presence politically, economically and culturally, in its center.
- 日本の開国・冊封体制からの離脱は、長らく東アジア国際秩序を保証していた中華秩序への挑戦であり、李氏朝鮮はこれに批判的であった。
- As the Japanese opening of the country to the world, and secession from the tributary system was a challenge to the Sinocentrist order that had assured East Asian international order for a long time, the Yi Dynasty Korea was critical of that decision.
- しかし『万国公法』の「理念」は、西欧列強の強制という現実を伴いつつ東アジアに受容されていき、徐々に華夷秩序を覆すこととなった。
- However, the 'principle' of 'Bankoku Koho' was accepted by nations in East Asia and gradually overwhelmed Kaichitsujo.
- 公にすることにより、犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれがあるもの
- A matter that may pose a risk of hindering the prevention, crackdowns or investigations of crimes, the maintenance of prosecutions, execution of punishments, or maintenance of other public safety and order, if made known to the public.
- 「御所が絶えれば吉良が継ぎ、吉良が絶えれば今川が継ぐ」という序列観が人々の間に定着したのも、こうした背景があってのことであった。
- Establishing the hierarchy as 'if the Imperial Palace dies out, the Kira inherits the succession to the family headship, and the Imagawa inherits when Kira dies out' among the people, is due to this background.
- 『山上宗二記』からは、この道具の序列の変化が確認され、また高麗物である井戸茶碗(秀吉所持)が名物に名を連ねている点も注目される。
- This change in the order of tea utensils was identified in 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki' (a book of secrets written by YAMANOUE no Soji, the best pupil of SEN no Rikyu), and it should be noted that the Ido chawan (a rustic tea bowl possessed by Hideyoshi) made in Korea was among the meibutsu.
- 一般的な裁断図を示すが、柄合わせを必要とするもの、また傷があった場合などはこの縦で区切られた区画のものの順序が異なる場合がある。
- Although a general cutting pattern will be shown below, the order of parts shown in the plan below may be changed in some cases such as the cloth with a pattern or design that needs pattern matching or cloth with stain.
- このため初演以後は通し狂言として上演されることがまったくなく、文弥と十兵衛のからみがある序幕と大詰めの部分のみが上演されてきた。
- Therefore, after the first stage, this play has never been performed as Toshi kyogen (full-length play); only the opening and the ending, where Buyna and Jubei have a dialogue, have been played.
- 歴史的に皇位は、長幼の序を重んじつつ、本人の能力や外戚の勢力を考慮して決定され、長男であれば必ず皇太子になれるとは限らなかった。
- Historically, the Imperial Throne was determined by considering choyo no jo (a uniform order between senior and junior) and capabilities of children and influences of maternal relatives, and the first son could not always become crown prince.
- 353年(永和 (東晋)9年)3月3日 (旧暦)、蘭亭に会して曲水の宴が開かれ、その時に作られた詩集の序文の草稿が蘭亭序である。
- On March 3, 353 (in the lunar calendar), the Kyokusui no Utage (a poetry-making party at the stream in a garden) was held at the Rantei and a draft of a preface for a collection of poems created at that time was the Ranteijo.
- 石鼓は10基で1セットであるが、無造作に発掘されたために順序は明確ではなく、詩歌の解釈を通して現在の並びが妥当と判断されている。
- One set of sekko is constituted by ten stone monuments, however, they were carelessly excavated and, therefore, their order is not clear and it is determined that the present order is correct through the interpretation of the poems.
- 難波津の歌(なにわづのうた)は、古今和歌集の仮名序で「おほささきのみかどをそへたてまつれるうた」として紹介されている王仁の和歌。
- The Naniwa-zu no uta (waka of Naniwa-zu Port) appears in the Kanajo (Japanese preface) of Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems) as 'the poem written on the emperor of Osazaki' composed by Wani (Wang In).
- この天下概念は上述の律令制における天下概念をふまえながらも、全く新しい国家・法制・秩序の場として創出されるものと観念されている。
- The above notion of Tenka is believed to have been created as the place for a new state, legislation and order, though it was based on the notion of Tenka under the Ritsuryo system.
- 「宗主権―主権問題」とは、華夷秩序から条約体制へと国際秩序が移行する際に生じたある二国家間関係をめぐって持ち上がった問題である。
- 'Suzerainty and issues on sovereignty' means a problem raised between two countries during transition of the order of international society, from Kaichitsujo to treaty system.
- 当初は朝鮮も華夷秩序の論理に拠って清朝と交渉していたが、次第に近代国際法における自国民保護を援用して交渉するようになっていった。
- At first, Korean side negotiated with the Qing dynasty based on the thought of Kaichitsujo; however, Korea started to negotiate referring to protecting one's own citizens of modern international law.
- 村社会は相互互助的な性質を持つ一方で内部には経済的階層や家柄による家格などが存在し、村の秩序維持のための青年組織などが存在した。
- The village community is characterized by a mutual aid system while having an internal economic hierarchy and a rating based on family lines, in addition to a youth organization to maintain the order of the village.
- 華夷秩序では、自国と周辺諸国を文化面では「華/夷」という等級で順序付けし、政治面では君臣関係(宗主国―藩属国)として捉えている。
- In kaichitsujo, own country and neighboring countries were ordered and positioned from cultural point of view 'ka' and 'i,' and, from political point of view, understood as the relations between lord and vassal (suzerain state - subject state).
- 登記官は、同一の不動産に関し権利に関する登記の申請が二以上あったときは、これらの登記を受付番号の順序に従ってしなければならない。
- When two or more applications for registrations of rights are filed in relation to the same real property, a registrar shall make the registrations according to the order of the receipt numbers assigned to these applications.
- 公の秩序、善良の風俗又は公衆の衛生を害するおそれがある発明については、第二十九条の規定にかかわらず、特許を受けることができない。
- Notwithstanding Article 29, any invention that is liable to injure public order, morality or public health shall not be patented.
- 特に表意的な内容はなく、その後に続くクセや舞事呂中干ノ地などの序奏的なものとして扱われる(したがって舞囃子などでは通常略される)。
- It has no special ideographical implication and it is treated as an introduction to kuse or mai-goto Ryochukan no ji following it (therefore, it is usually omitted in Maibayashi [an abbreviated style of Noh]).
- 序幕の「名が幡随院の長兵衛でも仏になるにゃアまだ早え」や、二幕目の「天秤棒を肩にかけ」、三幕目の「時候も丁度木の芽時」などである。
- In the opening scene, 'Although my name is 'Banzuiin Chobei, it is too early for me to become Buddha', in the secone act, 'I have a 'tenbinbo' (a stick with the same weight of two burdens hanging from the edge of the both sides to carry them) on the shoulders', and in the third act, 'The time is just around 'kinome-doki' (spring but in this season it is said that someone behaving strangely pops up).
- 尚、全日本かるた協会が定める競技の最初に読まれる歌(序歌)は一般には「難波津に咲くやこの花冬ごもり今を春べと咲くやこの花」である。
- Joka (waka [Japanese poem] which is read first) set by All-Japan Karuta Association is, generally, 'in Naniwa-zu (Naniwa Port) this flower has bloomed; after the winter sleep, this flower has bloomed enjoying the coming of spring.'
- 近江朝から奈良朝までの64人の作者による116首の詩を収めるが、序文には120とあり、現存する写本は原本と異なると想像されている。
- 116 poems written by 64 poets between the Omi and Nara periods have been compiled in Kaifuso but the preface mentioned 120 poems instead suggesting that the existing copy is different from the original.
- 序詞(じょことば)とは、主として和歌に見られる修辞法で、特定の語の前に置いて、比喩や掛詞、同音語などの関係に係る言葉のことである。
- Jokotoba (a preface word) is a rhetoric used mainly in waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables), which is put before a certain word to modify it using a figure of speech, kakekotoba (a rhetoric in Waka in which one word has more than one meaning), and a homophone, etc.
- また論功行賞と秩序回復のため新たな制度の構築、すなわち服制の改定、八色の姓(やくさのかばね)の制定、冠位制度の改定などが行われた。
- Also a new system was established for rewards and re-establishment of order; revision of dress code system, established Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles), revision of Kan-i system (office and rank system).
- あくまでも位階が序列システムの主座にあったのであり、ある官職で実績・評価を重ねたとしても、唐のように官職の昇進を受けるのではない。
- Ikai was absolutely principal in the hierarchy system, so even though an official had achievements and evaluations on an government post, he did not receive promotion on the post like in Tang.
- 下関条約(1895年)によって、最後の朝貢国朝鮮が華夷秩序から離脱したことにより、中国を中心として機能していた華夷秩序は消滅した。
- Kaichitsujp, of which China was the center completely disappeared by conclusion of Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) because the last country, which conducted choko to the Qing dynasty dropped from Kaichitsujo by the conclusion of the treaty.
- 江戸時代になると幕府に公認された既存の秩序以外の形で、こうした一揆の盟約による政治的共同体を結成すること自体が禁じられるようになる。
- During the Edo period, people were forbidden to form a political community by concluding an ikki in any form other than that which accorded with the existing order that was officially recognized by the shogunate government.
- さらに第2条で皇位継承の順序を、第3条でその順序の変更について規定しており、天皇が自らの意思によって継承者を指名できなくなっている。
- Furthermore, Article 2 set forth the order of succession to the Imperial Throne, and Article 3 set forth with respect to any change in such order; thus it became impossible for the Emperor to name an heir at his own will.
- これに対して日本の切捨御免には支配階層である武士の名誉と威厳を守る事によって武士を頂点とした当時の社会秩序が防衛されると考えられた。
- On the other hand, it was considered that helping to protect warriors' honor and dignity by Japanese Kirisutegomen kept the social order, of which warriors were at the top.
- つまり後醍醐天皇の行為は鎌倉幕府が社会秩序を維持する国家形態及び政権自体に対する転覆の企て、即ち「謀叛」であると見なされたのである。
- The Emperor Godaigo's act was seen as an attempt to overthrow the state or government itself, namely '謀叛', when the Kamakura bakufu maintained the social order in Japan.
- 週刊『平民新聞』第1号(11月15日)には、「平民社同人」の署名のある「宣言」と、堺と幸徳の署名のある「発刊の序」が掲載されている。
- In the 1st issue of the weekly 'Heimin-shinbun' (November 15), there are 'Declaration' signed by the 'Heiminsha Dojin (literary group (coterie))' and 'Introduction of publication' signed by SAKAI and KOTOKU.
- その他、平安時代初期の『弘仁私記』序はある人の説として、倭人が自らを「わ」(われ)と称したことから倭となった、とする説を記している。
- The preface of 'Koninshiki' of the early Heian period introduced a theory by someone regarding the origin of the name that Wajin called themselves 'Wa' (meaning 'I,' 'me' or 'we,' 'us' in Japanese).
- いわゆる肉穂花序の付属体は円錐形で高くまっすぐに伸び上がり、仏縁苞は上向きにラッパ状に開き、舷部(伸び出した部分)は背面に反り返る。
- The florescence consists of a conic appendix growing upright on a so-called spadix and a horn-like spathe opening upward with the limb of the spathe (projecting part) recurving to the stem.
- その起源は明らかではないが、上方においては村山又兵衛にはじまり、嵐三右衛門 (初代)が1年間の興行の順序、期間、式例などをさだめた。
- Although its origin is unknown, Matabe MURAYAMA was the first to organize kaomise and Sanemon ARASHI (I) determined the order, period, and convention of kaomise performance in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- そのため米を原料とする酒も秩序のないものへと化していき、水を入れて量だけ増した金魚酒に代表される闇酒や薄め酒が横行するようになった。
- Accordingly, sake made from rice turned into something disorderly, resulting in widespread of yami zake (illegal sake) or diluted sake such as Kingyoshu (a type of diluted sake described cynically because it is weak enough to let gold fish live in) which was produced by adding water to increase the volume.
- しかし、枕詞は『風土記』などにもあるように、歌の修辞が原型でないと思われる節があるのに対して、序詞というのはもっぱら歌の技法である。
- But there are reasonable points that makurakotoba is regarded not to have been derived from a rhetorical device of poetry because it was found in 'Fudoki,' whereas jokotoba is solely a technique of poetry.
- アジアの遊牧民の地上世界観にも、一定の秩序原理に基づき地理的限定を含まないという意味で「天下」概念と類似した構造を見ることができる。
- A similarity to the notion of 'Tenka' that it is formed based on the fixed principle of order and does not include geographical notion is seen in the world view of the Asian nomads.
- 東アジア国際秩序の再編の第二幕は、日本が条約体制に順応し、それを周囲の国に及ぼそうとしたことから開始されたのである(川島2007)。
- The second stage of reorganization of international order in East Asia started by Japan's action to accept the treaty system and attempt to introduce the treaty system to neighboring countries (Kawashima 2007).
- 当事者の鑑定人に対する質問は、次の順序による。ただし、当事者双方が鑑定の申出をした場合における当事者の質問の順序は、裁判長が定める。
- An expert witness shall be asked questions by the parties in the following order; provided, however, that the order in which the parties shall ask questions in cases where both parties have requested expert testimony shall be specified by the presiding judge:
- 審判長又は審判を開始した一名の審判官は、審判を妨げる者に対し退廷を命じその他審判廷の秩序を維持するため必要な措置を執ることができる。
- The Presiding Judge or one (1) Judge who has commenced an inquiry may order any person who disturbs the inquiry to leave the tribunal room, or may take any other measures necessary to maintain order at the tribunal.
- 「古今和歌集」序文において紀貫之は彼女の作風を、「万葉集」の頃の清純さを保ちながら、なよやかな王朝浪漫性を漂わせているとして絶賛した。
- In the preface of 'Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry),' KI no Tsurayuki praised her poems for their purity, which reminded him of the period of 'Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves)' and delicate dynastic romanticism.
- ただし仮想敵国はロシア・アメリカ・中国から、アメリカ・中国・ソ連、第三回の改定ではアメリカ・ソ連・イギリス・中国に順序が若干変化した。
- However, the order of the imagined enemies had been changed from Russia, the United States of America, and China to the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, and in the third revision, it was changed to the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and China.
- 官位相当制(かんいそうとうせい)とは、日本の律令制において、官人に付与する位階と官職との間に一定の相当関係を設定した官僚序列システム。
- Kani Sotosei was the bureaucrats hierarchy system that set the constant suitability relationship between Ikai (Court rank) and government post given to a government official on the Japanese Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 近代的国際秩序の起源はウェストファリア条約(1648年)に始まるとされ、その国際関係を律する秩序原理として近代的国際法は発達してきた。
- It is believed that the origin of modern international order is the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the modern international laws have been developed;as the principle of order that governs such international relations.
- 電子債権記録機関は、同一の電子記録債権に関し二以上の電子記録の請求があったときは、当該請求の順序に従って電子記録をしなければならない。
- If two or more requests for Electronic Records are made for the same Electronically Recorded Monetary Claim, the Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institution shall make the Electronic Records in the chronological order of said requests.
- この図は杜甫の詩を題材にしたもので、絵の上部には序文に続いて18名の禅僧が詩文を書いており、絵よりも書の占めるスペースが倍以上大きい。
- The subject of this picture is a poem of Du Fu (Tu Fu) and it was written by 18 Zen priests after preface on the upper part of the picture, which took up more than double the space of the picture.
- 更に平安中期になると、貴族の中でも皇族、摂関家、それ以外の貴族の序列は動かしがたい物となり、その接待の形式として「大饗」が定められる。
- Furthermore, during the mid-Heian period, ranking among court nobles were fixed, such as ranks for Imperial families, Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor) families, and other court nobles, and 'daikyo' became a form of receiving guests.
- 浄土真宗の宗祖とされる親鸞は、主著『顕浄土真実教行証文類』の「総序」の結びに、『大無量寿経』・「真実の教」・「浄土真宗」と記している。
- Shinran, the founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect, wrote three phrases at the close of 'sojo' (introduction) of his major book 'Ken Jodo Shinjitsu-kyogyo Shomonrui' (Selected passages revealing the true teaching, practice and attainment of the Jodo (Pure Land), namely 'Daimuryoju-kyo Sutra' (Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life), 'True teaching' and 'Jodo Shinshu sect.'
- 特に、共同体秩序を崩壊させるような行為(窃盗、放火、殺人など)に対する罰則は、ほとんどの場合で死刑とされており、大変厳しいものであった。
- The penal regulations were very severe; in particular the crimes that disturbed the order of community (such as theft, arson and homicide) resulted in the death penalty in almost all cases.
- 画の上部にある大岳周崇の序によると、この作品は「大相公」が僧如拙に命じて、「座右之屏」に「新様」をもって描かせたものであることがわかる。
- According to the commentary by Taigaku-Shusu on the top of the painting, it is understood that 'Daishoko' ordered Josetsu to draw this painting on 'the screen located within arm's reach' by adopting the 'new style' of painting.
- 現状では掛軸装で、上半分に序と賛、下半分に絵があるが、元は義持の「座右之屏」(ついたて)の表裏に絵と賛がそれぞれ表されていたものである。
- The existing painting is mounted on a hanging scroll with the inscriptions in the upper part of the painting and the picture in the lower part; however, it was originally drawn on 'the screen located within arm's reach' owned by Yoshimochi, with the picture and the inscriptions on each side.
- 平安時代中期に成立した古今和歌集仮名序で日本的歌論が展開されるようになってから歌学は盛んとなり、歌論と並んで「万葉集」の研究も始まった。
- Beginning with the kanajo (a preface written in Japanese script) to the Kokin wakashu (Collection of Japanese Poetry from Ancient and Modern Times), which was written in the mid-Heian period, Japanese karon began to expand as a field, and kagaku began to flourish; in keeping with karon, research into the Manyoshu (an eighth-century anthology of Japanese poems) began.
- 現実の外交関係においては日清戦争での敗戦によって朝鮮が冊封関係から離脱し、そのことにより冊封と朝貢に基づく清朝の外交秩序は終焉を迎えた。
- In the real diplomacy, Korea seceded from the relation of sakuho after Qing's defeat in Japanese-Sino War, and the Qing dynasty's diplomacy based on sakuho and choko ended at that time.
- このため、他の部分には書式の一部省略が行われることがあっても、発給者位署と発給年月日の位置と順序が改められたり省略されることは無かった。
- Although some of the other parts were changed and/or omitted, the position and order of the lines that stated the rank of the issuer, and the date of issue, was never changed or omitted.
- 副大臣が二人置かれた省においては、各副大臣の行う前項の職務の範囲及び職務代行の順序については、その省の長である大臣の定めるところによる。
- In a ministry where two senior vice-ministers are established, the scope of duties and the order in which to act for the minister as set forth in the preceding paragraph to be carried out by each senior vice-minister shall be as specified by the minister who is the head of the ministry concerned.
- 戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代にかけて主従関係を基本とした武家間の身分秩序が重要視されると、武家屋敷の中心施設の1つとして重要視された。
- As social order among samurai based on the master-servant relationship came to be considered important from the Sengoku period (the period of warring states) (Japan) to the Edo period, an importance was placed on the taimenjo as a core facility of samurai residences.
- 第一項又は第二項ただし書の規定による口頭審理は、公開して行う。ただし、公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがあるときは、この限りでない。
- The oral proceedings under paragraph (1) or the proviso to paragraph (2) shall be conducted in public; provided, however, that this shall not apply where public order or morality is liable to be injured thereby.
- 通し矢の記録を記した『年代矢数帳』(慶安4年〈1651年〉序刊)に明確な記録が残るのは慶長11年(1606年)の浅岡平兵衛が最初である。
- The Heibei ASAOKA in 1606 that first appeared in 'Nendai Yakazu Cho' (the chronicle of arrow number records, published in 1651) was the first source to record the score of Toshiya.
- なお、本書の対象とする範囲は京(左京・右京)と五畿内に住む姓氏に限られており、また「序」にはそれすらも過半が登載されていないと記している。
- The scope of this document includes clans that lived in Kyo (Sakyo and Ukyo) and the Gokinai capital region; however, its introductory section states that still more than half the target clan names hadn't been registered.
- 亀山は、朝廷の訴訟処理機構の整備を進め、また公家社会の身分秩序を律する「弘安礼節(弘安書札礼)」を制定するなど、意欲的に政務に取り組んだ。
- Kameyama worked extensively to arrange a court management system within the Imperial court, and established 'Koanreisetsu' (Koan Shosatsurei) to maintain class order within the Imperial Court society.
- ただし、日本では「士」は「侍」に置き換えられ、工と商に区別はなく一括して町人と認識されており、百姓(農)と「町人」との間に序列はなかった。
- In Japan, shi '士' (government official) was replaced with '侍' (samurai or warriors), ko (artisans) and sho (merchants) were collectively recognized as townsman without being differentiated, and no order existed between peasants (no) and the 'townsmen.'
- 基本的に神事としての祭りは厳粛な場面と賑やかな場面の二面性を持ち、厳粛な場面では人々は日常よりも厳しく、伝統や秩序を守ることを要求される。
- The matsuri as Shinto ritual basically has a bilateral character of solemn scene and joyous scene, and in the solemn scene, people are required to keep traditions and order more strictly than usual.
- 皇嗣に、不治の重患または重大な事故があるために、皇位継承の順序を変えたときの登録に関しては、新旧令に大きな違いはない(旧28条、現4条)。
- As for register in the case where the order of succession to the Imperial Throne was changed due to Crown Prince's fatal disease or serious accident, there is no major difference between the old and new Kotofu Rei (the old Article 28, the existing Article 4).
- すなわち一般に「世界」は「世界観」がなくても客観的に存在しているものと認識されるが、「天下」は一定の秩序原理によって観念的に成立している。
- In other words, while the existence of 'sekai' (the world) is recognized objectively even without 'a view of the world,' 'Tenka' exists ideologically based on the fixed principle of order.
- 外国積出漁獲物等以外の漁獲物等の本邦への陸揚げであつて、わが国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障を生ずることとならないものとして政令で定めるもの
- Landing of catches other than foreign shipped catches but provided by Cabinet Order as there is no risk of posing problem for preservation of normal order of Japanese fishery.
- 公の秩序、善良の風俗又は公衆の衛生を害するおそれがある考案については、第三条第一項の規定にかかわらず、実用新案登録を受けることができない。
- Notwithstanding Article 3(1), any device that is liable to injure public order, morality or public health shall not be granted a utility model registration.
- よって官位だけでみると、尾張・紀伊・駿河の三家がほぼ同格、その格下に御両典・水戸家・御三卿がほぼ同格で、越前松平氏より上位という序列になる。
- Therefore, in terms of official ranks, the Owari, Kishu and Suruga families were almost equivalent, as Goryoten, Gosankyo and the Mito families were almost equivalent and lower than Gosanke but higher than the Echizen-Matsudaira clan.
- 主に茶入、茶壺、掛軸(掛幅)といった茶道具とその所持者を評価の高い順序に従って列挙しており、これにより当時の茶道具のヒエラルキーが判明する。
- Mainly, tea utensils, such as tea caddies, leaf-tea jars, and hanging scrolls, along with respective owners, are listed according to their ranks from the highest one, revealing the tea utensil hierarchy at the time.
- 中之舞に序とよばれる段がつけくわえられ、さらに位を重く(速度を遅く)したのが序之舞であり、女体や老人のシテが閑寂かつ幽玄に舞うものとされる。
- Jo no mai is generated by adding to Chu no mai a section called Jo and by making the tempo slower, and it is said that a female or elderly shite dances quietly and gracefully in this mai.
- 序段には兼好が「つれづれなるままに」(退屈を凌ぐために)書いたとあるが、実際は兼好の思索や雑感、逸話を通じて、いかに生きるかを探求する作品。
- In the preface, he wrote that 'he is going to write essays just to kill his time,' but in fact, he pursued a meaningful life through his contemplation, miscellaneous thoughts, and anecdotes.
- この騒動は六角氏零落の序曲であり、同時に信長がその本拠、岐阜からの上洛のルートを確保する上では、大変に好都合な出来事だったといえるのである。
- While this feud was a prelude to the fall of Rokkaku clan, it was a very favorable incident for Nobunaga to secure the route for Kyoto from Gifu where he headquartered.
- 清朝は対西欧列強においては条約を締結する一方で、中国と周辺諸国の関係はこれまで同様華夷秩序における宗主国と藩属国の関係であり続けようとした。
- The Qing dynasty concluded treaties with European countries but tried to maintain the suzerain state - hanzokukoku relationship based on Kaichitsujo with neighboring countries.
- 『日本三代実録』の序文によれば、本書の編纂は宇多天皇が、源能有、藤原時平、菅原道真、大蔵善行、三統理平に詔して編纂を命じたことにより始まった。
- According to the preface of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' Emperor Uda ordered MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, OKURA no Yoshiyuki, and MIMUNE no Masahira to compile the text.
- 乙名が惣村の構成員から年功序列で選出されたのに対し、沙汰人は領主・荘官の執行人という職を出自とし、またその地位を世襲していた点で異なっていた。
- A point of differentiation between the Otona and satanin was that the members of the Otona were selected by seniority from among the members of the soson, but the satanin was selected from among people who acted as executers on behalf of a lord or a shokan, and its position was transferred by heredity.
- 羽林家(うりんけ)は、鎌倉時代以降の公家の家格のひとつで、摂家、清華家、大臣家の下、名家 (公家)と同列、半家 (公家)の上の序列に位置する。
- The Urin Family was of the house status of kuge (court nobility) subsequent to the Kamakura period; it was inferior to the sekke (the house of regents), Seigake (one of the statuses of court nobility that was inferior to the sekke but superior to the minister) and the house of minister, but it was equal to meike (kuge), a kuge of lower rank, and superior to hange (kuge), a kuge of lower rank.
- 下関条約の結果、清の朝鮮に対する宗主権は否定され、ここに東アジアの国際秩序であった冊封体制は終焉を迎えた(李氏朝鮮は大韓帝国として独立した)。
- As a result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China's sovereignty over Korea was renounced whereby the traditional tributary system which was the international order in East Asia came to an end (and the Yi Dynasty Korea attained independence as the Korean Empire).
- 石板や木板に蘭亭序を模刻し、それから制作された拓本のなかで、古来最も貴ばれたものは、五代~北宋時代初期に碑石が定武郡で発見された定武本である。
- The Teibu-bon, on which a stone monument was found in Teibu County between the period of Five Dynasties and the period of Baisong Dynasty, has been valued the most since old times among all the rubbed copies produced using the Ranteijo engraved on slates or wooden boards.
- もし、序に書かれた年の前年の明和4年に「蛇性の婬」が書かれたとする場合、序の年の前年、閏9月のあった明和4年を念頭におくと、うまく計算が合う。
- If 'A Serpent's Lust' was written in 1767, a year before the preface was written, and one takes into consideration the year 1767, which had a leap ninth month, these dates in the work become coherent.
- 一方、江華島条約の第1条には「朝鮮は自主独立の国であり、日本と平等な権利を有する」とあり、朝鮮は従来もっていた華夷秩序との葛藤が起こっていく。
- On the other hand, the first article of the Treaty of Ganghwa stated 'Korea is an independent country having rights equal to Japan,' which caused a conflict with the Chinese hegemony over Korea.
- 圭峰宗密の著書禅源諸詮集都序には、禅の根元は仏性にあるとし、仏性を悟るのが智慧であり、智慧を修するのが定であり、禅那はこれを併せていうとある。
- According to Zengen Shosenshu Tojo (Commentary of the Ch'an-yuan-chu-ch'uan-chi tu-hsu) written by Guifeng Zongmi, the origin of Zen exists in bussho (the Buddhist nature), to be aware bussho is the wisdom, to practice wisdom is jo and the word Zenna means all of them.
- かつては10世紀初頭以降の政治状況・社会状況を指して、中央政府が統治権をほとんど放棄し、地方の無秩序状態をきたした状態と評価されたこともあった。
- In the past, political/social situations in the early 10th century was thought of as a society where the central government abandoned almost of its ruling power and invited the state of chaos in the provinces.
- 輩行名は「輩行」のうちの序列(=出生順)を表すもので、太郎、次郎、三郎・・・といった名のことであり、今日でも日本人の名前としても広く用いられる。
- Haikomei represents the seniority in the 'Haiko' (birth order) in names such as Taro, Jiro and Saburo, and they are widely used as given names today.
- これは従来、冠位十二階に含まれなかった、大臣・大連などを輩出する有力氏族を冠位制度へ組み込み、天皇を頂点とした序列をつける為の改革だと思われる。
- This is thought to be a reform to incorporate the powerful clans, which produced Oomi and Omuraji which were not included in the twelve grades of cap rank system, into the rank system and to establish a rank system with Emperor at the top.
- また近年では放置された孟宗竹の竹林が無秩序に拡大して落葉樹林や広葉樹林を竹林に変えてしまう竹害も、里山の植生として無視出来ないものとなっている。
- Moreover, in recent years the disordered proliferation of Moso-chiku (Phyllostachys edulis) due to the lack of control converts the deciduous forests and broad-leaf forests into bamboo forests, and the damages caused by bamboo invasion can not be ignored in the habitat of Satoyama.
- しかし、徳川家康が江戸幕府を開いた江戸時代以降、長幼の序を重んじる徳川将軍家により、嫡流の地位は徳川氏の政権下にあって再び重視されるようになった。
- Since the Edo period when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA established the Edo bakufu, however, the position of chakuryu was emphasized again because the Tokugawa Shogun family highly valued choyo no jo (Confucian teaching regarding the relationship between senior and junior).
- 身分秩序を無視して公家や天皇といった時の権威を嘲笑し、粋で華美な服装や振る舞いを好む美意識であり、後の戦国時代における下剋上的行動の一種とされる。
- Basara represents a particular aesthetics in which people disregarded social class or rank, laughed scornfully at authorities such as court nobles or the Emperor, and esteemed fashionable and glamorous garments or behaviors; it was considered to be a type of behavior that was manifested in gekokujo (an inversion of the social order in which the lowly people reigned over the elite), which flourished in the subsequent Sengoku period (the period of warring states).
- また、武家台頭による下級貴族の没落もあり、朝臣は、序列付けの為の姓(かばね)としての意味を失ってしまい、公式文書で使う形式的なものになっていった。
- Also, with the fall of lower-ranked nobles due to the rise of the warrior class to power, Asomi lost its meaning in the sense of kabane used to rank status, and it became a formality which was used for official documents.
- この結果、清朝は従来の華夷秩序に基づいてヨーロッパ諸国と外交することが不可能となり、新たに総理衙門を設けて対ヨーロッパ外交をおこなうこととなった。
- As a result, it became impossible for China to maintain the diplomatic relations with European countries based on the traditional order of kai (the Chinese vs. barbarians), and it established Sorigamon (the government body in charge of foreign affairs) in order to deal with the diplomacy with European countries.
- 明治2年に東京城(江戸城)が皇城とされ太政官が東京に移されたことと、明治4年府県の順序で東京が第一とされたことで東京が首都の地位を得たとするもの。
- The view stating that Tokyo acquired the position of capital with the appointment of Tokyo Castle (Edo Castle) as the Imperial Palace and the movement of Dajokan (Grand Council of State) to Tokyo, and Tokyo acquired the first position in the order among prefectures in 1871, with which Tokyo acquired the position of capital.
- また、受戒してからの年数――つまり法臘(戒臘とも)は年功序列制の素となり、寺院内で身を立て、出世していくための「武器」として重視されるようになる。
- In addition, the number of years after pledging oneself to observe the Buddhist commandments, which was called horo or kairo, resulted in producing the seniority system, and this was regarded as a powerful 'weapon' to move up the ladder, pursuing a career in the temple.
- それには、「社会民主党は安寧秩序に妨害ありと認むるを以て治安警察法第八条二項に依り其結社を禁止する旨内務大臣より達せられたり。右伝達す」とあった。
- It read that 'This is to notify that an official notice of banning the Shakai minshuto as an association which disturbs public peace and order was issued by the Minister of Home Affairs under the Security Police Law Article 8 Clause 2.'
- 公の秩序又は善良の風俗に反しない慣習は、法令の規定により認められたもの又は法令に規定されていない事項に関するものに限り、法律と同一の効力を有する。
- Customs which are not against public policy shall have the same effect as laws, to the extent that they are authorized by the provisions of laws and regulations, or they relate to matters not provided for in laws and regulations.
- 永和 (東晋)9年(353年)3月3日、書聖と称された王羲之が曲水の宴を催したが、その際に詠じられた漢詩集の序文草稿が王羲之の書『蘭亭序』である。
- On March 3, 353, Wang Xizhi, a great master of calligraphy, held kyokusui no en, and a draft of a preface to the collection of Chinese poetry recited at the banquet was 'Lanting Xu' (Lang-Ting Banquet Preface) written by Xizhi WANG.
- また、皇嗣に精神若しくは身体の不治の重患があり、又は重大な事故があるときは、皇室会議の議により、皇位継承の順序を変えることができると定められている。
- In addition, it is stipulated that if an imperial heir has a fatal mental or physical illness, or met a fatal accident, the Imperial Household Council can alter the succession order to the throne.
- 序破急(じょはきゅう)とは、日本の雅楽、能楽など日本の伝統音楽から転じて、連歌、蹴鞠、香道、剣術、抜刀術、居合道など芸道論で使用されることばである。
- Johakyu is a word used in discussions regarding such arts as renga (Japanese collaborative poetry), kemari (a kick-ball game arranged by aristocrats in the Heian period), kodo (traditional incense ceremony), swordsmanship, batto-jutsu (the art of using swords and cutting with swords) and iaido (an art using swords), which was originally used in the field of Japanese traditional music including gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) and nohgaku (the art of noh).
- 1798年に発行された絵本『四時交加』の序文では、山東京伝により「気の向くままに(絵を)描く」という意味の言葉として、用語「漫画」が使用されている。
- In the preface of a picture book 'Shiishikoka (四時交加) ' which was published in 1798, Kyoden SANTO uses a word 'manga' as the meaning of 'drawing (a picture) at will.'
- 成立の経緯を記している序によれば、稗田阿礼が暗誦していた『帝紀』(天皇の系譜)・『旧辞』(古い伝承)を太安万侶が書き記し、編纂したものとされている。
- According to Kojiki's preface that states the process to completion of Kojiki, O no Yasumaro wrote and compiled the 'Teiki' (records of Emperor's family tree) (genealogy of the emperor) and 'Kyuji' (a record of stories current at court) (ancient tradition) that HIEDA no Are memorized and recited.
- 『御成敗式目』第8条は単なる「多年領掌」「経年序」という漠然とした法理から「廿箇年知行」という一定の年紀(20年)を導入したという点で画期的である。
- The 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 8 was epoch-making in the way of introducing 'twenty-year enfeoffment,' a certain Nenki (20 years) from just vague legal principles such as 'Tanen ryosho' and 'Keinenjo.'
- 『後拾遺和歌集』序によれば、公任が「今も古も優れたる中にすぐれたる歌を書き出して黄金(こがね)の玉の集となる名づけたる」と題名の由来を解説している。
- According to the preface of 'Goshui Wakashu' (4th imperial anthology), Kinto described the origin of the title as 'I chose the best of best poets in the past and now, and named it as a collection of gold gems.'
- この頃から高市皇子は天武天皇の皇子の中で3番目とされるようになった(皇女を母にもつ草壁皇子、大津皇子に次ぐ。母親の身分による序列では10人中8番目)。
- Around that time on, Prince Takechi was regarded as the third among the princes of Emperor Tenmu (He followed Prince Kusakabe and Prince Otsu whose mother were Imperial princesses In the ranking by the status of mother, he was the eighth out of ten).
- 弘仁格抄(こうにんきゃくしょう)とは、弘仁格に採録された個々の詔・勅・官符・官奏の要旨と発出された年月日を掲載された順序に従って、抄出したものである。
- The 'Koninkyaku-sho'contains extracts of all the Imperial rescripts, official documents from the Grand Council of State, and formal petitions to the Emperor that were compiled in the Konin-kyaku Code, and is arranged in order of the date they were listed, together with a brief overview of the point.
- 法令中の公の秩序に関しない規定と異なる慣習がある場合において、法律行為の当事者がその慣習による意思を有しているものと認められるときは、その慣習に従う。
- In cases there is any custom which is inconsistent with a provision in any law or regulation not related to public policy, if it is found that any party to a juristic act has the intention to abide by such custom, such custom shall prevail.
- しかし、代表作「蘭亭序」だけはせっかく真筆が残っていながら、唐の太宗 (唐)の過剰な独占欲のために陵墓に埋められ、残る機会を失うという不幸に見舞われた。
- The original of 'Lan Ting Xu,' the best known work of Wang Xi-zhi, alone had managed to survive, but faced the unfortunate situation where over-possessive Tang Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had it buried in his mausoleum, losing a chance to remain.
- また、郭沫若(1892年 - 1978年)が文化大革命直前に発表した蘭亭序偽作説は一大センセーションを巻き起こしたが、現在その説は殆ど支持されていない。
- Although an opinion that the Ranteijo was counterfeit was expressed by Guo Moruo (1892-1978) right before the Cultural Revolution (the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution) and caused a great sensation, it has little support today.
- 承久記の流布本とは内容、思想的な違いが見え、序文で仏説に基づき、日本における神武天皇以来のそれまでの国王兵乱について述べてから承久の乱への記述を始める。
- The details of the Jiko-ji bon are philosophically different from the popular edition of Jokyuki, and after the preface based on Buddha's teachings, it tells about disturbances which had taken place since the reign of Emperor Jinmu, and then the Jokyu Disturbance is told.
- つまり、『雨月物語』は本当に序にあるように明和5年に成立したのだろうか、刊行までの8年という長い間には、どういう意味があるのだろうか、というものである。
- In other words, there are questions about whether 'Ugetsu Monogatari' was really finished in 1768 as the preface said, and what is meant by the long period of eight years before its publication.
- 905年(延喜5年)、醍醐天皇の命により初の勅撰和歌集『古今和歌集』を紀友則、壬生忠岑、凡河内躬恒と共に編纂し、平仮名による序文である仮名序を執筆した。
- In 905, by order of Emperor Daigo, he compiled 'Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern),' the first collection of poems by imperial command, with KI no Tomonori, MIBU no Tadamine and OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, and wrote the kanajo (preface written in Hiragana).
- これが刺激となって、朝鮮を華夷秩序内にとどめようとする清朝と、条約体制の中に引き込み、その上で自らの勢力下に置こうとする日本の間に確執が生じたのである。
- This resulted in a feud between the Qing dynasty, which wanted Korea to remain in Kaichitsujo and Japan, which wanted Korea to join in treaty system and take control of Korea later.
- 青い房は青龍 (四神)(東)、白い房は白虎(西)、赤い房は朱雀(南)、紫または黒の房は玄武(北)を表している(地域によって順序が異なっている事がある)。
- The four tassels represent four gods: the blue tassel (east), while tassel (west), red tassel (south), and purple or black tassel (north) represent Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, and Black Tortoise, respectively (the order may change depending on the region).
- 江戸幕府は朝廷秩序の回復に関与することで朝廷の統制を行うことを意図しており、朝廷儀式の再興を望む朝廷側との思惑の合致に伴い、地下官人制度の再編が行われた。
- The Edo bakufu intended to control the Imperial Court by taking part in reestablishing the order of the Imperial Court; on the other hand, the Imperial Court desired to restore Court ceremonies--as intentions of both sides matched, restructuring of the lower ranking officials was carried out.
- 一つは起草者の一人である井上毅らが主唱する国体論(『シラス』国体論)であり、もう一つは後に高山樗牛、井上哲次郎らが主唱した国体論(家秩序的国体論)である。
- One was a national policy theory advocated by Kowashi INOUE who was one of the editors of the constitution draft ('Shirasu' national polity theory), and another was advocated by Chogyu TAKAYAMA and Tetsujiro INOUE later (National polity based on family orders).
- ただし、院政期には公家社会における土地を巡る訴訟においては基本的な判断材料とされた証文の有無とともに「多年領掌」「経年序」の考え方も合わせて存在している。
- In the insei period (period of the government by the retired Emperor), however, there existed the ideas of 'Tanen ryosho' (long-term territory reign) and 'Keinenjo' (order over time) as well as the existence of a deed as a basic criterion in lawsuits about lands in the Court noble society.
- 若くして皇嘉門院の母北政所に仕えた八十三歳の老尼と、東山の麓に住む若い女房たちの対話形式をとり、「序」「物語批評」「歌集批評」「女性批評」の四部からなる。
- It takes the style of a dialogue between an 83-year-old nun who, at a young age, served Kokamonin's mother, Kitanomandokoro (legal wife of regent or chief adviser to the Emperor), and young court ladies living at the foot of Mt. Higashiyama with four chapters of 'Preface,' 'Critique of Monogatari (tales),' 'Critique of Kashu (collection of poetry),' and 'Critique of Women.'
- しかし、そこには「テングリの子」に服属する者と敵対する者という二元的構造が存在するのみで、華夷秩序のように段階的な秩序構造は存在しなかったか希薄であった。
- However, in their notion there existed only the dual structure consisting of those who obeyed 'the son of Tenguri' and those who confronted him, and the stepwise structure of order, such as the order of kai (the Chinese vs. barbarians) did not exist or was hardly seen.
- いうなれば諸国ごとの小華夷秩序の束が、互いに重なりながら存立する状態こそが、前近代の東アジア世界の国際秩序、すなわち総体として華夷秩序とよぶものであった。
- In other words, the state in which a batch of petit kaichitsujo of each countries existed overlapping with each other was the international order in the world of East Asia in premodern era, namely kaichitsujo as a whole.
- 壬午・甲申両事変の後に日本に変わって大きな影響力をもつようになった清朝が朝鮮の背後にいて、華夷秩序の「属国」から条約体制の「属国」への転換を画策していた。
- After the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Coup, the Qing dynasty replaced Japan and gained big power of influence; in that time, there was always the Qing dynasty behind Korea and always tried to change Korea from 'zokkoku' in Kaichitsujo to 'subject state' under treaty system.
- 法華経の序品(じょぼん)には、聴衆として比丘、比丘尼、優婆塞、優婆夷(出家在家の男女)などの「人」のほかに、この八部衆を「非人」として名が連ねられている。
- In Jobon (chapter 1, Introductory) of Hoke-kyo Sutra, the names of these Hachibushu are seen as 'nonhuman entities' in addition to 'humans' such as Biku (Buddhist priest), Bikuni (female Buddhist disciple), Ubasoku (upasaka) and Ubai (upasika) (devout men and women lay follower of Buddhism) as the audience.
- 原装は巻子本で、本来『古今和歌集』の巻一~巻二十と「序」を備えていたものと思われるが、現存する巻は巻十、十一、十二、十三、十四、十六、十七、十八のみである。
- It was originally in the shape of Kansubon (book in scroll style), and seems to have contained the first to the twentieth volumes of 'Kokin Wakashu' including the 'Preface,' but now only the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth volumes are exist.
- 仮名序によると、本来、「正しき風」(由緒正しい和歌の道)という意の「正風和歌集」に命名すべきところを、呉音で「傷風」に通じるのを忌み「風雅」に改めたという。
- According to the kanajo, it was originally planned to be called 'Shofu (正風) Wakashu' which means 'right wind' (historic pass for waka poetry), but it also could be called 'Shofu (傷風)' (literally injured wind) in the Wu reading, so they changed it into 'Fuga' to avoid the negative meaning.
- そして士農工商は歴史学上の重要概念となり、さらに士農工商の下に穢多(えた)や非人(ひにん)を付けて「士農工商穢多非人」という序列があったとする俗説も生まれた。
- Then, shi-no-ko-sho became an important concept in history, which created the common idea that there had been the order 'shi-no-ko-sho-eta-hinin (non-people)' by adding eta and hinin to shi-no-ko-sho.
- 紀貫之の邸宅で開かれた曲水宴の際に作られた『三月三日紀師匠曲水宴(紀師匠曲水宴和歌)』の序文を書いた凡河内躬恒が「うたのみち」と述べたのが代表的な事例である。
- A typical example is that OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, who wrote the preface of 'Yayoi mika Ki no shisho Gokusuinoen' (Ki no shisho Gokusuinoen waka) that was made at gokusuinoen (ceremony in the Imperial Court) held in the house of KI no Tsurayuki, said 'uta no michi.'
- その朝鮮も日清戦争後に締結された下関条約によって、清朝との宗主国―藩属国関係を完全否定され、華夷秩序は終焉を迎えることとなった(茂木1997、岡本2004)。
- With regards to Korea, the suzerain state - hanzokukoku relationship with the Qing dynasty was completely denied by the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Sino-Japanese War and Kaichitsujo was terminated (Motegi 1997, Okamoto 2004).
- 中国側の認識では条約体制は、それまであった朝貢や互市といった華夷秩序の一部が変形したものとしか考えておらず、国際法もほんの一部分の特例に過ぎないと捉えていた。
- Chinese side understood that treaty system was partially-modified Kaichitsujo based on choko and goshi and acceptance of international law was just a special case.
- 幕藩改革の混乱や、異国船の来航による対外的緊張など政治的混乱がおこると、幕府は秩序維持のため大政委任論に依存して朝廷権威を政治的に利用し、朝廷の権威が復興する。
- When confusion over reform of the shogunate system and political chaos due to tension with foreign countries occurred, the Tokugawa shogunate tried to make use of the authority of the Imperial Court for the maintenance of political order, insisting that its political power was entrusted by the Imperial Court, and through this the authority of the Imperial Court was restored.
- そして、実際には「封建王」的存在として朝廷すら支配していた徳川将軍でさえ、将軍宣下と上洛参内の時には天皇を「王」、将軍を「覇者」とする秩序に従っていたのである。
- Moreover, Tokugawa Shogun, who existed as 'feudal king' and even controlled the Imperial Court, however, followed the order calling himself 'supreme ruler' and the Emperor 'king' when he paid a visit to the Imperial Palace.
- しかしこの『玩貨名物記』は道具を御三家を筆頭とした家柄によって序列しており、道具の価値も姿形の優秀さではなく、所持する大名家の格によって決定されるようになった。
- However, this 'Ganka meibutsuki' graded tea utensils in order of the family lineage of the owners, such as the three privileged branches of the Tokugawa, while prices of tea utensils were not determined according to their superiority in their appearance but to the rank of the Daimyo family (feudal lords family) which owned the utensils.
- 『古今和歌集』は全20巻と序からなるが、高野切本の現存する巻は巻一、二、三、五、八、九、十八、十九、二十で、残りの巻は発見されておらず、失われたものと思われる。
- Altogether the 'Kokin wakashu' consists of 20 scrolls (volumes) and a preface, but the Koya-gire has preserved only scrolls one, two, three, five, eight, nine, eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, and it is thought that the remaining scrolls have not survived to the present day.
- すなわち中国王朝の天下思想と同じように「天下」の中心に律令国家の中心を設定し、天皇を主宰者とした秩序の及ぶ範囲で、周囲には「夷」に対応する異民族が配されていた。
- As with the Chinese dynasty's philosophy of Tenka, Ritusryo kokka was set in the center of 'Tenka' and different ethnic groups, which correspond to 'i' (barbarians) of China, were set around it within the reach of the emperor's authority.
- たとえば中国ではなく自国を中心(「華」)だと自認する「小中華思想」をもった国家が複数あり、中国の華夷秩序が一元的に東アジア国際秩序を貫いていたわけではなかった。
- For example, there were multiple states that had 'petit Sinocentrism' and recognized not China but themselves as the center ('ka') and, therefore, it was not that kaichitsujo of China covered uniformly international order of East Asia.
- 当初は華夷秩序の堅持に努め、国際法を単なる道具としてのみ活用し、条約体制そのものには極力拒絶しようとする受容から、次第に国際法の理念をも受容する方向へと進んだ。
- At first, those countries tried to maintain Kaichitsujo, considered international law a tool and rejected to join in the treaty system, but acceptance of international law was gradually promoted.
- 裁判長は、法第二百二条(尋問の順序)第一項及び第二項の規定によるほか、必要があると認めるときは、いつでも、自ら証人を尋問し、又は当事者の尋問を許すことができる。
- The presiding judge may examine a witness by himself/herself or allow examination by a party not only under the provisions of paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Article 202 (Order of Examination) of the Code, but whenever he/she finds it to be necessary.
- 切れ者とはいえ当時中納言で太政官での序列が第6位でしかなかった良房ひとりが中心となってこのような事件を起こす(しかも上位者2人の排斥を含む)ことは不可能であった。
- Furthermore, considering Yoshifusa's post as Chunagon at the time; the sixth highest rank in the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), it is impossible for him to cause such an incident alone (notably, Yoshifusa expulsed two senior people) by taking a leading role, even if he was famous as an able person.
- 後者は大槻玄沢ら蘭学者やオランダ商館長(カピタン)と交遊を持って蘭学を研究し、『蘭学階梯』の序文や『泰西輿地図説』、『古今泉貨鑑』など、多くの貴重な著作を残した。
- The latter learned Western studies by associating with scholars of Western studies like Gentaku OTSUKI, and left many valuable books, such as the introduction of 'Rangaku-kaitei' (a guide to foreign languages), 'Taisei-yochizusetsu' (a foreign topography), and 'Kokon-senka-kagami' (a reference book of coins).
- 第3条 皇嗣に、精神若しくは身体の不治の重患があり、又は重大な事故があるときは、皇室会議の議により、前条に定める順序に従つて、皇位継承の順序を変えることができる。
- Article 3: In case the Imperial Heir is affected with an incurable and serious disease, mentally or physically, or there is a serious hindrance, the order of succession may be changed by decision of the Imperial Household Council and in accordance with the order stipulated in the preceding Article..
- 儲君に関しては、江戸時代までは皇室典範のような皇位継承の順序を定めた法律がなく、天皇の意思や朝廷、幕府などの介入により、複数の候補者から選ばれるのが慣例であった。
- Before the Edo period, there was no law that determined the order in line to succession to the Imperial throne such as Imperial House Act, and Chokun, or the Crown Prince, was customarily chosen from among plural candidates, intervened by the will of the Emperor and by the court and bakufu (shogunate).
- またこのような価値観の変化は道具の順序などによく表れており、先行する「正月本」では茶入を「茶入」「茶入」の順で記していたが、後の「二月本」ではこれが逆転している。
- The change in values is clearly reflected in the hierarchy of utensils; according to the 'new year edition', the order of chaire (a ceramic tea caddy used to make thick tea) was 'chaire' placed higher than 'chaire', whereas the order of the two was reversed in the later 'February edition.'
- 細川氏や三好氏といった家臣によって追放されていた足利将軍家の将軍を京都に連れ戻して保護を与えることは、失われた秩序の回復者としての名誉を得ることだったからである。
- It was because it was an honor as the recuperator of the ost order to bring back the shogun of the Ashikaga family, who was expelled by a vassal such as the Hosokawa and Miyoshi clans, to Kyoto and guard him.
- 『ジャンプスクエアセカンド』vol.1(集英社)において『機巧童子ULTIMO0』(カラクリどうじウルティモ:ゼロ)というタイトルで序章が読み切りとして掲載された。
- Its prologue story titled 'Karakuri-Doji ULTIMO Zero' was published as a one-shot story in 'Jump Square Second' Volume 1 (a magazine published by Shueisha, Inc.).
- 同じ並行複発酵の酒文化圏である中国では、序文が1117年に書かれたことがわかっている醸造技術書『北山酒経』によれば、すでに宋 (王朝)の時代に「酵」と呼ばれていた。
- In China, which belongs to the same liquor culture region of multiple parallel fermentation, fermentation was already called 'Ko' in the age of the Sung dynasty, according to a brewing treatise titled 'Hokuzan Shukei' (book on brewing technique), the preface of which is known to be written in 1117.
- この「家族の協力」という点については『源氏物語大成』の序文等に謝辞が簡単に記されているに過ぎなかったため誰がどのような協力をしたのかその具体的な内容は不明であった。
- The meaning of 'family cooperation' had been unclear, because only simple acknowledgments were expressed in the foreword to 'Genji monogatari taisei,' so it was not known who cooperated with him and what help was given concretely.
- なお、「芳賀矢一記念会」は『校異源氏物語』の出版後、目的を果たしたとして解散しているが、「源氏物語大成 校異編」には藤村作が同記念会を代表する形で序文を寄せている。
- By the way, the 'Memorial Association of Yaichi Haga' achieved their goal and dissolved after publication of 'Koi Genji monogatari,' so Tsukuru FUJIMURA contributed a foreword to the 'Koihen (book of comparison), Genji monogatari taisei' in memory of the association.
- また、武家や民間に対してはそれぞれの家業への専念と維持、継承に努めさせることをそれぞれの家職とし、それを社会全体に徹底させることで身分統制・社会秩序維持の手段とした。
- In addition, for the buke and public, the government considered devotion and maintaining each family's Kagyo (family business) as their Kashoku and made this widespread throughout society to make this a method of controlling class and maintaining societal order.
- また、『扶桑集』に収められた道真の漢詩の序文にも父・是善が芸閣(書斎)で門人に『後漢書』を講じたと詠んでおり、本来は書斎の山陰亭で講義が行われていたと考えられている。
- As the preface in the Chinese poetry style composed by Michizane to 'Fuso shu' (Chinese classics during the Heian period) described 'my father Koreyoshi lectured on History of the Later Han Dynasty for his disciples in his Unkaku (study),' the lecture was considered to be originally given in the study Sanin-tei.
- 老人は古今和歌集の仮名序を引用して、高砂の松と住吉の松とは相生の松、離れていても夫婦であるとの伝説を説き、松の永遠、夫婦相老(相生にかけている)の仲睦まじさを述べる。
- The old man, quoting from Kokin Wakashu Kanajo (preface of Kokin Wakashu written in kana by KI no Tsurayuki), preaches that the pine tree in Takasago and one in Suminoe are Aioi no Matsu (pines sharing a life), that they are a husband and wife even though they are far apart, and speaks of the eternity of pine trees and harmoniousness of spousal-aioi (play on word 'aioi' – the first to share a life, and the second to become old together).
- 秩序罰としての過料には、民事上の義務違反に対するもの、民事訴訟上の義務違反に対するもの、行政上の義務違反に対するもの、地方公共団体の条例・規則違反に対するものがある。
- Karyo as Chitsujo-batsu (a punishment for disturbing administrative order) includes a fine for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil affairs, for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil suit, for violation of one's obligations or duties in administrative matters and for violation of local public entities ordinances and regulations.
- 東アジアにおける伝統的な華夷秩序、朝鮮では事大主義というが、に留まることを望む朝鮮側と条約に基づく国際関係を求める日本側では公使派遣をめぐっても対立していたのである。
- Kaichitsujo, which is traditional in East Asia is called in Korea Jidai shugi (serving-the-Great-ism) and Korean side wished to maintain the situation, but on the other hand Japan side wished for international relationship based on treaties and the two countries was opposed to each other regarding dispatch of ministries.
- 日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。
- Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
- ただしこれは、経典に書かれている時間・時期的な記述や場所、またその内容から、あくまでも順序だてて分けただけで、必ずしも釈迦が絶対的に必ずその順番で説いたわけではない。
- However, the above time-series classification was made simply based on the time, descriptions relevant to time and places that are described in scriptures together with their contents, it does not necessarily mean that Shaka actually preached in this order.
- また、三分(さんぶん)の観点から法華経を分類すると、大きく分けて(一経三段)、序品を序分、方便品から分別品の前半までを正宗分、分別品から勧発品までを流通分と分科する。
- Additionally, from the point of Sanbun, Hokke-kyo can be divided into three parts (one sutra of three parts) such as Jobun (Johon), Shojubun (from Hobenbon to the first part of Funbetsuhon) and Ruzubun (from Funbetsuhon to Kanbotsuhon).
- 東周春秋時代、魯の孔子によって体系化され、堯・舜、文王 (周)武王 (周)周公旦の古えの君子の政治を理想の時代として祖述し、仁義の道を実践し、上下秩序の弁別を唱えた。
- Koshi of Lu systematized it in the Eastern Zhou Spring and Autumn Period, succeeded and developed the theories of the ancient men of virtue, Yao, Shun, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, and Duke of Zhou, as ideal politics, practiced a way of humanity and justice, and advocated the distinction of social standing and order.
- やがて、源頼朝によって幕府が開かれて全国の武士団を統率するようになると、鎌倉幕府が朝廷より社会秩序を維持する検断権が委ねられるようになる(「文治勅許」・「建久新制」)。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the Kamakura bakufu to head samurai groups in Japan, the Imperial Court granted the bakufu the right to judge criminal cases, for the maintenance of the social order (with 'Bunji Imperial permission' and 'Kenkyu law reconstitution').
- さらに巨大な帝国だった中国諸王朝が中華思想、華夷秩序に基づいて周辺諸国を冊封して朝貢関係を築き、それが経済交流と外交秩序の一定の安定を東アジアにもたらしたことにもよる。
- Another reason is the sovereign-vassal relationship with tributes between Chinese dynasties, great empires, and surrounding countries based on Sinocentrism and Suzerainty, that brought economic exchanges and a certain stability of diplomatic orders to East Asia.
- 国風文化の時代の和歌の隆盛は歌学の発展を促し、『古今和歌集』の紀貫之「仮名序」がその先駆けをなすといわれ、藤原公任の『新撰髄脳』などの自覚的な著作もあらわれるに至った。
- The prosperity of waka in the period of Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) facilitated the development in the study of poetry; beginning with 'Kanajo' (a preface written in kana) by KI no Tsurayuki of 'Kokin Wakashu,' subjective pieces such as 'Shinsen Zuino' (The Essentials of Poetry, Newly Compiled) of FUJIWARA no Kinto appeared.
- 画芸について晋の顧愷之の『論画』、宋代の宗炳の『画山水序』・王微の『叙画』、斉 (南朝)の謝赫の『古画品録』などの画論でその理論が模索され、やがて気韻を貴ぶようになる。
- A theory of painting was dealt with in various literary works on painting such as 'Ronga' by GU Kaizhi in Jin, ' Preface to the Landscape Paintings' by SUNG Ping and 'Joga' by WANG Wei in the Sung period and 'Kogahinroku' by SHA Kaku in Qi (the Southern Dynasty), and soon kiin (elegance) began to be respected.
- 伴信友がこれに加えて、序文が「淡海から平都」までの詩をとったというのに、淡海朝(近江朝)の詩人が大友皇子1人だけというのは、暗にこの1人が天皇だったことを示すと論じた。
- Nobutomo BAN argued that the preface declared that 'Kaifuso' contained poems 'from Tankai to Heito,' but Prince Otomo was the only one poet of the Tankai (Omi) period, indicating that this one was the emperor.
- なお、ここに示す順序・内訳は12万5千石の石高を有する大名、前橋藩酒井氏雅楽頭酒井家が持つ九つの備の内、本多民部左衛門備の行軍中におけるそれを示す(高木昭作 1990)。
- The order and the breakdown shown here are those of Minbusaemon HONDA's sonae during a military march, which was one of the nine sonae that belonged to the Maebashi Domain Sakai clan Uta no Kami (director of bureau of music) Sakai family, who was a daimyo with a kokudaka of 125,000 koku (Shosaku TAKAGI 1990).
- 反対に貞観式では序文(現在は『類聚国史』所収)に式とは別に儀式次第を作成することが明記されており、「貞観儀式」(もしくは単に「“儀式”」)がそれにあたると考えられている。
- In contrast, Joganshiki (Palace regulations of the Jogan era) stated in the preface (presently contained in 'Ruiju kokushi' - Classified National History) that the prescription of rules and customs was provided separately from shiki (Regulations) -- 'Jogan Gishiki' (or, simply 'Gishiki') was considered to be that prescription.
- 士農工商を春夏秋冬に当てはめるのは五行思想と関連していると思われるが、四季という循環性のあるものになぞらえ、身分を階級序列というよりは順次並列させているところが興味深い。
- The comparison of shi-no-ko-sho to spring, summer, autumn, and winter may be associated with the concept of Wuxing (The Five Practices), and it is quite interesting that shi-no-ko-sho are compared to a cycle of four seasons so as to arrange the social statuses in a row instead of putting them in a hierarchical order.
- 能の舞はきわめて静的であるという印象が一般的だが、序破急と呼ばれる緩急があり、ハコビにおいてもゆっくりと動き出して、徐々にテンポを早くし、ぴたっと止まるように演じられる。
- The general impression of dances in Noh is static; however, dances in Noh have a slow and quick movement called Johakyu (three segments of performance and speed of plays; slower and quieter performance during the jo (beginning), gradually gaining tempo in the ha (middle portion), and becoming more energetic during the kyu (denouement)), and in Hakobi, performers also start moving slowly, step up the tempo gradually and stop suddenly.
- 江戸時代においては、当道座は内部に対しては、盲人の職業訓練など互助的な性質を持っていたが、一方では、座法による独自の裁判権を持ち、盲人社会の秩序維持と支配を確立していた。
- In the Edo period, todoza internally had the feature of mutual organization to provide the blind with vocational training, and on the other hand it had its own jurisdiction to establish and maintain the order within the blind society.
- また、告文の内容は河内石川庄の相続順序に過ぎないとする説や、12世紀はじめに書かれた大鏡が武家源氏を清和天皇の末としている事もあり、清和源氏が正しいとする学者が多くいる。
- Some say that the contents of the Imperial instruction merely refers to the order of accession of Ishikawasho, Kawachi Province, and since Okagami (The Great Mirror) written in the early twelfth century, describes that Buke-Genji (Minamoto clan as samurai families) is the descendant of Emperor Seiwa, many scholars believe that the Seiwa-Genji theory is true.
- 古事記(こじき、ふることふみ)は、その序によれば、和銅5年(712年)太朝臣安萬侶(おほのあそみやすまろ、太安万侶(おおのやすまろ))によって献上された日本最古の歴史書。
- According to Kojiki's preface, Kojiki is the oldest Japanese history book dedicated by O no Asomi Yasumaro (or may be called the O no Yasumaro) in 712.
- その漢文の序において、和歌の体を「古歌体」・「神妙体」・「直体」・「余情体」・「写思体」・「高情体」・「器量体」・「比興体」・「華艶体」・「両方体」の十種に分類している。
- In its preface written in kanbun (Sino-Japanese), styles of waka are classified into ten: the 'koka' (old poem) style, the 'shinmyo' (mysterious) style, the 'jiki' (direct) style, the 'yojo' (suggestiveness) style, the 'shashi' (reflecting thoughts) style, the 'kojo' (elevated emotion) style, the 'kiryo' (good-looking) style, the 'hikyo' (witty) style, the 'kaen' (splendid fascination) style, and the 'ryoho' (paronomasia) style.
- 冊封関係とは、周辺国家の首長を皇帝の臣下として君臣関係を取り結ぶもので、このことにより周辺国家の首長の支配下にある地域は、観念的に皇帝の主宰する秩序原理に組み入れられた。
- Sakuho relations means the lord-vassal relations between the emperor of China and the heads of neighboring states, and by making such relations, the regions under the rule of the heads of those states were ideologically incorporated into the principle of order of the Chinese emperor.
- これに対し政府内部では、山縣有朋らの取締強化の要求に抗することができなくなり、1907年2月、西園寺内閣による「安寧秩序妨害」を理由とした結社禁止命令に伴い解散となった。
- Meanwhile, the government could no longer resist the demand, presented by Aritomo Yamagata and others, for the government to crack down on socialism; consequently, the Saionji Cabinet issued a mandate of banning the Nihon Shakaito for the 'disturbance of peace and order,' and thus the socialist party was dissolved in February, 1907.
- それまで西欧列強が中華思想的に見て夷狄と断定されていたのは、礼や徳よりも力や利を追求することに重きをおき、無秩序に争いをしかけるというイメージが先験的にあったためである。
- Until then powerful western countries were recognized as iteki because they seemed to put weight on power and profit rather than the proprieties and virtue and disorderly attack others by prior experiences.
- 当時は床の間、棚、付書院を備え、座敷を荘厳する書院造が確立され、身分の序列や格式を維持する役割も持つような時代であったが、茶人たちは格式ばった意匠や豪華な装飾をきらった。
- At that time, shoin-zukuri, containing an impressive room furnished with an alcove, shelf, and tsukeshoin (a built-in table) were already established, with its role in maintaining hierarchy and status, but masters of ceremonial tea disliked formal designs and gorgeous decoration.
- 文明 (日本)年間(1469年-1487年)立花(たてばな)の上手として有名となり、京都東福寺の僧月渓聖澄による「百瓶華序」(1600年に成立)によると池坊の流祖とする。
- He became famous during the period from 1469 until 1487 as a superior of Tatebana (standing flowers) and according to 'Hyakuhei Kanojo' (records of flower arrangement by a hundred people) (completed in 1600) compiled by Shocho GEKKEI, a Buddhist monk of Kyoto Tofuku-ji Temple, he is deemed as the founder of Ikenobo School.
- これらの全般的な特徴として、まず首位の昇叙があり、ついでそれに連なる直系親族のみに対し氏姓の変更が行われるといった順序により同族の中から有力な者が抽出されるという点にある。
- The general characteristic of these lies in the point that at the beginning the top rank is raised and then for the direct line that connected with the raised rank changes of clan name and hereditary title is made; because of this procedural order, an influential person is extracted.
- 従来からの華夷秩序に基づく統治範囲は、対象とする人や物資の移動によって伸縮するものであって固定的ではなく、国家の辺境に対する領有意識は周辺諸国と重複することが常態であった。
- Former territories decided by Kaichitsujo was not fixed and became wider or smaller depending on movement of subjected people or goods, therefore sometimes more than one country considered the same parts their own territory.
- この法律において「都市計画」とは、都市の健全な発展と秩序ある整備を図るための土地利用、都市施設の整備及び市街地開発事業に関する計画で、次章の規定に従い定められたものをいう。
- 'City plan' as used in this Act means a plan concerning land use, improvement of urban facilities, and urban development projects for the sake of promoting the sound development and orderly improvement of cities pursuant to the provisions of the next Chapter.
- 孔丘(孔子、紀元前551年‐紀元前479年)は実力主義が横行し身分制秩序が解体されつつあった周末、魯国に生まれ、周初への復古を理想として身分制秩序の再編と仁道政治を掲げた。
- Kokyu (Koshi, 551 B.C. - 479 B.C.) was born in Lu at the end of the Zhou period when the merit system was widespread and public order based upon social status was beginning to collapse, and he advocated the reorganization of public order based upon social status and politics of humanity, ideally returning to the beginning of the Zhou period.
- 室町時代には喫茶の中で唐物に代表される道具を尊ぶ風潮が出来上がっていたが、さらに茶人は道具の「ナリ」(形態)や見所(特徴)に評価の基準を作り、道具に序列を付けるようになった。
- An atmosphere to appreciate tea utensils imported from China had already grown by the Muromachi period, however, chajin, namely men of tea, began to establish their own criterion of their forms and midokoro (characteristics) for ranking the tea utensils.
- 一つの曲において歌や手事は段落として切れ目はあるが、雅楽の序、破、急や、西洋音楽の楽章のように、いったん完全に終止し時間を置いてからまた始めるのではなく、連続して演奏される。
- The song and tegoto in one song have hiatuses as paragraphs, but unlike Jo-ha-kyu in gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) or movements in Western music, sound does not stop completely and begins after a while, but the performance seamlessly continues.
- その後は延長6年(928年)上野国太守、同8年(930年)弾正尹、承平7年(937年)に弾正尹を辞職の後中務卿を歴任、天慶6年(943年)三品に序され、その後式部卿となった。
- After that, he served as the governor of Kozuke Province in 928 and as danjoin (President of the Board of Censors) in 930, continued to serve as Nakatsukasa-kyo (Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) after resigning from danjoin in 937, given the title of sanbon (the third rank for an Imperial Princes) in 943, and afterwards became Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- しかしそれらが思い描く国際秩序も構造そのものは華夷秩序に借りた相似構造をもっており、その各国の小華夷秩序が、中国王朝の華夷秩序と折り合いをつけながら併存している状態であった。
- However, international order which such countries conceived of had similar structure with each other based on kaichitsujo and such petit kaichitsujo of each countries compromised and coexisted with kaichitsujo of Chinese dynasty.
- 開示することにより、犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれがあると行政機関の長が認めることにつき相当の理由がある情報
- Information for which there are reasonable grounds for the head of an Administrative Organ to find that disclosure is likely to cause impediments to prevention, suppression or investigation of crimes, the maintenance of prosecutions, the execution of punishment, and other matters concerning maintenance of public safety and public order
- 公にすることにより、犯罪の予防、鎮圧又は捜査、公訴の維持、刑の執行その他の公共の安全と秩序の維持に支障を及ぼすおそれがあると行政機関の長が認めることにつき相当の理由がある情報
- Information for which there are reasonable grounds for the head of an Administrative Organ to find that disclosure is likely to cause impediments to prevention, suppression or investigation of crimes, the maintenance of prosecutions, the execution of punishment, and other matters concerning maintenance of public safety and public order.
- しかし、武家も元は貴族の出自を持ち、その邸宅も寝殿造を簡素化したもので、独自の様式とは捉えないのが、建築史(住宅史)の通説になっている(参考:太田博太郎「日本建築史序説」)。
- However, the general theory in the architectural history is that since the samurai were originally from the aristocratic class, the style of their residences was a simplified version of Shinden-zukuri style and hence not considered an original style of their own (refer to 'An introduction to the architectural history in Japan' by Hakutaro OTA).
- これについて空海は、天の巻に付された総序において「配巻軸於六合、懸不朽於兩曜、名曰秘府論。(巻軸を六合に配し、不朽を両曜に懸け、名づけて秘府論という)」とその意図を述べている。
- Kukai's intention was, as he wrote in the general introduction appended to the volume of Heaven, 'the volumes are titled after the universe and because they are so everlasting as the sun and the moon are, they are collectively called hifuron (important theory).'
- 古今和歌集仮名序では、柿本人麻呂と山部赤人の2人を歌聖として特別の扱いをしており、それに対して六歌仙はその2人には遠く及ばないとして、上記のようにあまり良い評価はされていない。
- In Kokin Wakashu Kanajo, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro and YAMABE no Akahito are remarked as Great Poets with special treatment; on the other hand, Rokkasen poets were evaluated as far inferior to two Great Poets, as described above.
- 一例をあげると、明治3年9月18日の太政官布達第604号で兵部省に設けられた「将・佐・尉・曹」(陸海軍大将から陸海軍權曹長の11等級)は律令制下の武官にはみられない序列である。
- For example, the military ranks of 'sho, sa, i, so' (11 ranks from Rikukaigun taisho [general of Army and Navy]) to Rikukaigun gon no socho [Deputy Sergeant Major of Army and Navy]) which were established at Hyobusho (Ministry of Military) by Dajokan Futatsu (promulgate of Grand Council of State) No. 604 issued on October 12, 1870, were not seen in the military system of Ritsuryo system.
- 『百器徒然袋』での石燕による三味長老の解説文では、「沙弥(しゃみ)から長老にはなられず」という、順序を踏まずに上位にはなれないことを意味する古いことわざが引き合いに出されている。
- According to the explanatory note on Shamichoro by Sekien in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro', an old proverb 'you cannot become a choro (senior monk) from a shami' is mentioned which means a higher rank cannot be achieved without following the proper sequence.
- 一番目の三建目(みたてめ。序幕)には荒事の暫があり、その返し(次幕)にはダンマリがあり、四建目には所作事がつき、大詰には金襖が用いられた御殿の場があり、謀反人の見出されがあった。
- In the overture (called 'mitateme') of the first part, 'Shibaraku' (a war story) in an exaggerated kabuki style was given and in the second act (called 'kaeshi') 'danmari' (a pantomimic play) was performed, followed by 'shosagoto' (kabuki dancing) in the fourth act ('yotateme') and 'ozume' (the final act) where a rebel was named in a scene of a castle with golden fusuma doors.
- これまでの諸研究では、このような様々な国際関係を束ねたものを朝貢―冊封体制、あるいは朝貢システム、互市体制、華夷秩序と表現することが多い(対象とする時代や研究者によって異なる)。
- According to various studies in the past, package of such various international relations has been often expressed as the choko-sakuho system, goshi system or Kaichitsujo (It differs by the target period or researcher.)
- そのため、名目だけの官職があてがわれたり、散位(品階のみで官職を持たないこと)となる者も少なくなく、実質を持つ官職を得ることでようやく官僚序列の中に参加することができたのである。
- Therefore, some officials received nominal government post, and many officials became Sani (official only with Hinkai and without a government post), so the official was able to join the bureaucrats hierarchy system eventually by having the real government post.
- 応仁の乱では足軽集団が奇襲戦力として利用されたが、足軽は忠誠心に乏しく無秩序でしばしば暴徒化し、多くの社寺、商店等が軒を連ねる京都に跋扈し暴行・略奪をほしいままにすることもあった。
- During the Onin War, ashigaru groups were used in surprise attacks but their lack of loyalty and their disorder meant that they frequently formed unruly mobs, and there was an incident in which they ran riot and looted Kyoto with its numerous shrines, temples and shops.
- 江戸幕府と朝廷上層部は朝廷秩序の回復と運営の効率化の実現の観点から両局のこうした動きを警戒し、出納に官務・局務に准じる権限を与えて両局を掣肘しようと図ったものであったとされている。
- The Edo bakufu and the high ranking Imperial court officials might have been worried about such activities of the two offices and managed to suppress them by granting authority corresponding to those two offices to 'suino' in order to reestablish order in the Imperial court and streamline imperial court operations.
- 後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』や祖父二条良基の『年中行事歌合』などを参考にして元旦の四方拝から大晦日の追儺までの宮中行事100余を月の順序で記し、起源・由来・内容・特色などを記した。
- With reference to 'Kenmu nenchugyoji' (Annual Ceremonies of the Kenmu Era) written by Emperor Godaigo and 'Nenchu gyoji uta awase' (Annual Court Ceremonies Poetry competitions) written by Kaneyoshi's grandfather Yoshimoto NIJO, and so forth, the book contains some 100 imperial court functions from shihohai (ceremony called worship of the four quarters) on New Year's Day to tsuina (ceremony called to drive out evil spirits) on New Year's Eve in monthly order with the origin, source, details, and features.
- 『上記』自身の序文によると、貞応2年(1223年)に源頼朝の落胤とも伝えられている豊後国守護の大友能直が、『新はりの記』や『高千穂宮司家文』等の古文書をもとに編纂したとされている。
- According to the preface of 'Uetsufumi,' in 1223, Yoshinao OTOMO, Bungo no kuni no kami (Governor of Bungo Province), who was known to be an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, edited it based on the ancient documents 'Shinharinoki' or 'Takachiho-guji Kabun'.
- 「天智天皇の命令により藤原鎌足が天智元年(668年)に律令を編纂した」(『藤氏家伝』大織冠伝)及び「天智元年に令22巻を制定した。これが『近江朝廷之令』である」(『弘仁格式』序)。
- Firstly, the description in Taishokukanden (the story of Kamatari) in 'Toshi Kaden' (Biographies of the Fujiwara clan): 'By the order of the Emperor Tenchi, FUJIWARA no Kamatari compiled a Ritsuryo code in 668'; and secondly, the description in the introduction of 'Konin Kyakushiki' (compilation of rules, regulations, and precedents): 'A 22-volume series code was enacted in 668. It is 'Omi-chotei-no-ryo' (The Administrative Code of the Omi Court)'.
- そのため、上述した事実から「この酒米の種類では大吟醸はできない」といった議論がなされることがあるが、上記のような理由から、それは必ずしもその酒米の良し悪しを序列化するものではない。
- Therefore, given the above facts it is sometimes said that 'Daiginjo can't be produced from this variety of sakamai,' but given the above-described reasons their quality isn't graded as sakamai.
- 太平洋戦争では1941年(昭和16年)11月6日に第14軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され、緒戦のフィリピンの戦い (1941-1942年)に参戦し、マニラ陥落後フィリピンに駐屯した。
- The Fourteenth Division (Imperial Japanese Army) was dispatched to the front lines on November 6, 1941 and fought at the beginning of the war in the Philippines (1941-1942), and stationed there after Manila fell.
- 姓(カバネ)の制度は、壬申の乱(672年)の後、天武天皇が制定した八色の姓によって有名無実化されていき、臣、連ですら序列の6、7番目に位置づけられ、その地位は、実質上、無意味化した。
- After the Jinshin War (occurred in 672), the kabane system existed in name only when Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles) system was installed by the Emperor Tenmu, which put omi and muraji in sixth and seventh from the top, and thus those titles no longer held any values.
- 年紀法を明文化した最初の条文として知られているのは、『御成敗式目』第8条(「雖帯御下文不令知行、経年序所領事」)にある「当知行之後、過二十箇年者、任右大将家之例、不論理非、不能改替。
- The first provision known that the Nenkiho is written in is the 'Goseibai-shikimoku' Article 8 ('Territory with no actual enfeoffment over time under the official document').
- 建築物の建築又はその敷地の造成が無秩序に行われ、又は行われると見込まれる一定の土地の区域で、公共施設の整備の状況、土地利用の動向等からみて不良な街区の環境が形成されるおそれがあるもの
- Areas with a certain measure of land on which disorderly construction of buildings or site preparation has been conducted or is scheduled to be conducted, and on which there a risk that an inadequate block environment may be established as is determined from the state of public facilities development, land use trends etc.
- また、食器として箸の他に鎌倉時代以降は衰退する匙(スプーン)が存在し、各料理を盛りつけた容器の大きさがほぼ同じで料理の序列が判然としていない点も後の時代の料理とは異なる特徴といえる。
- Chopsticks and spoons were used, although they declined in use after the Kamakura period, and all plates and bowls were almost same size and the order of foods was not clear, which was characteristic of this style.
- 「一代主」の立場を甘受することもできず、自らが理想とする政策を充分に実現することもできなかった後醍醐は、唯一の突破口として武力により既存の政治秩序を根こそぎ破壊する道を選ぶことになる。
- Not being able to accept that he was in the position of a 'One-generation-head' and not being to sufficiently implement his idealized measures, he selected the path of destroying the existing political order by force as a way of breaking out.
- しかし、中華秩序において冊封を受けた朝貢国は元々「自主の邦」であるため、清朝の冊封体制から離脱させようという日本の意図は朝鮮王朝にとっても朝鮮の知識人にとって理解しがたいものであった。
- However, it was difficult for the Korean dynasty and Korean intellectuals to understand the Japanese intention to force Korea to secede from the tributary system of the Qing dynasty, on the grounds that a tributary country, on which China had conferred sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) in the Sinocentrism order, was originally an 'independent country.'
- 東アジア国際秩序は、アヘン戦争以降それまであった華夷秩序から条約体制へのシフトが起こったが、清朝と欧米諸国との新たな関係がすぐに他の東アジア諸国との関係に直接的に波及したわけではない。
- With regards to order of international society in East Asia, there was a transition from former Kaichitsujo to treaty system after the Opium War, but the new relationship between the Qing dynasty and Western countries and America did not directly affect on the relations between other East Asian countries.
- 覚岸の序などでは、このように述べてはいるが、実際は、陳垣がその著書で指摘する通り、本書の内容は、隆興2年(1164年)に著述された『隆興仏教編年通論』29巻の内容を完全に踏襲している。
- Although it is written in the introduction section of Kakugan, in fact, the contents of this book fully followed the Volume 29 of 'The General Commentaries on Longxing Chronology' in 1164, as pointed out by Yuan CHEN in his works.
- 『源氏物語』の巻々が執筆された順序については、「桐壺」から始まる現在読まれている順序で書かれたとするのが一般的な考えであるが、必ずしもそうではないとする見方も古くから様々な形で存在する。
- The order in which the chapters of 'The Tale of Genji' would have been written is generally considered the same as the present order, starting with 'Kiritsubo,' but in this regard there have been various opinions since the old times.
- また、序文がないことや詞書が物語的であること、部立てと配列の乱れ、歌の重出などから、後撰和歌集が「未定稿」であったとする説が古来からあり、藤原清輔や北村季吟、中山美石などが主張している。
- FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke, Kigin KITAMURA, and Umashi NAKAYAMA assert the old theory that Gosenwakashu is an 'unfinished manuscript,' because of its lack of preface, lack of narrative kotobagaki (prose prefaces), the unsystematic arrangement of the poems, and repeat appearance of poems.
- これは、泰時が「消息文」で述べている通り、新しい法体系を作成する意図は無く、むしろ公家法を中心とした法秩序と武家社会の調和を図り、そのために必要な規則・注釈であったからだと考えられている。
- That was supposedly because, as Yasutoki mentioned in the 'shosokubun,' he never meant to create a new legal system but contemplated a legal order based on the court noble law and harmony in the samurai society, therefore the Goseibai-shikimoku were the regulations and notes required to achieve this goal.
- 序文に天武天皇が撰録帝紀 討覈舊辭 削僞定實 欲流後葉帝紀を撰録し、旧辞を討覈して、偽りを削り実を定めて、後葉に流(つた)へむと欲(おも)ふと詔していることから、勅撰と考えることも出来る。
- However, it is possible to consider it as official history given that Emperor Tenmu stated in the preface that the emperor would advisedly select Teiki, and find kyuji to eliminate the false parts and find the truth for it to succeed to the later ages.
- 秋成自身の序文には、書き下すと、「雨は霽れ月がは朦朧の夜、窓下に編成して、以て梓氏に畀ふ。題して雨月物語と云ふ」とあり、雨がやんで月がおぼろに見える夜に編成したため、ということが書いてある。
- The preface written by Akinari says, 'I edited this at night with a hazy moon after the rain, to hand it to a publisher. That's why this is titled Ugetsu Monogatari.'
- 和辻哲郎は、「帚木」巻の冒頭部の記述についての分析などから、「とにかく現存の源氏物語が桐壺より初めて現在の順序のままに序を追うて書かれたものではないことだけは明らかだと思う。」と結論付けた。
- Tetsuro WATSUJI concluded, 'Anyway, it is totally clear that 'The Tale of Genji' was not written in the order of the present text beginning with Kiritsubo,' depending on the analysis of the opening lines in the chapter of 'Hahakigi.'
- 皇帝を中心とする華夷秩序に理念づけられ、朝貢と冊封によって外国との関係を維持していた「天下」概念が変容するのは、1793年イギリスの外交使節ジョージ・マカートニーが派遣されたころからである。
- The notion of 'Tenka,' which had been formed based on the order of kai (the Chinese and barbarians) and maintained the diplomatic relations by the sakuho and choko (bringing tribute) system, started to change when George Macartney, a British diplomat, was dispatched in 1793.
- 主権国家とは、その主権が及ぶ範囲、つまり領土や領海を明確化し、そこに一元的な統治を施す存在であるから、華夷秩序下ではありえた中国・日本双方に両属する琉球のような曖昧な存在は認められなかった。
- Under modern international law, a sovereign nation is an existence which makes areas under the control, such as territories and territorial sea clear and rule the area monistically, so an ambiguous existence such as Ryukyu, which belonged to both China and Japan was not approved.
- 列強間で通用している国際法を逆手に取ることで外交交渉を有利に運ぼうという意図からなされたもので、多分に理念よりも道具、華夷秩序を保持するためのツール、としての受容というニュアンスが強かった。
- It was conducted with the aim to carry out diplomatic negotiations advantageously by using in underhanded way international law which was valid among western countries and it had a nuance of acceptance as a tool for maintaining kaichitsujo rather than idealistic principle.
- なお、日本には記紀が成立する以前に『古事記』の序文などに記されている『帝紀』と『旧辞』のような二つの史書を組み合わせた「日本式の紀伝体」とでもいうべき形態が存在したのではないかとする説もある。
- In addition, some people have a view that before the establishment of kiki (the Kojiki and Nihonshoki), Japan already had 'Japanese kiden-tai'-like format, combined with the two historical books such as 'Teiki' (imperial records) and 'Kyuji' (mythical tradition), which were written in the preface of 'Kojiki.'
- 1937年(昭和12年)7月に日中戦争が勃発すると、師団は西尾寿造中将司令官の第2軍 (日本軍)戦闘序列に編入され華北戦線に投入、同年11月上海派遣軍隷下上海市戦線に転じ南京攻略戦に参戦した。
- The division was incorporated into the second army (Imperial Japanese Army) under Toshizo NISHIO, who held the title of Chujo (Middle Captain) commander when the Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and it was placed in the frontlines of the Northern China battle line before joining the Shanghai Expeditionary Army on the Shanghai City battle line in November of the same year to participate in the Battle of Nanking.
- 以上の説明は歴代中国王朝が構想した華夷秩序であるが、日本や朝鮮、琉球、ベトナム等の周辺諸国もその華夷秩序及びその根拠となった中華思想を選択的に受容、あるいは共有し、華夷秩序の一翼を担っていた。
- The above description applies to kaichitsujo which Chinese dynasties had and neighboring states including Japan, Korea, Ryukyu and Viet Nam accepted or shared selectively such kaichitsujo and its basis, Sinocentrism, and involved in a part of kaichitsujo.
- 主務大臣は、商品市場における秩序の維持又は委託者の保護のため必要かつ適当であると認める場合には、商品取引員に対し、その資産のうち政令で定める部分を国内において保有することを命ずることができる。
- When the competent minister finds it necessary and appropriate for maintaining order on the Commodity Market or for protecting customers, he/she may order a Futures Commission Merchant to retain the portion of its assets which is specified by a Cabinet Order within Japan.
- 今日の宴席でも、しばしば床の間の位置によって「上座」「下座」などと座席位置が決められることがあるが、これは床の間との位置関係が身分序列の確認を促す役割を果たしていたことを示していると言えよう。
- Even at banquets today, seats are often designated as 'kamiza' or 'shimoza' according to their position relative to the tokonoma, which implies that distances from tokonoma once helped members to verify each other's rank and status.
- 研究者の間で主流になっているのは、『古事記』の序文に「後葉(のちのよ)に流(つた)へむと欲ふ」とあるように、「葉」を「世」の意味にとり、「万世にまで末永く伝えられるべき歌集」と取る考え方である。
- The most established opinion among scholars is based on the following part in the preface to the 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nochino yo ni Tsutaen to hofu' (it is wanted to be told in the future), which is understood to mean 'a collection of poems that should be handed down forever', taking 'yo' (leaves, 葉) as 'yo' (generation, 世).
- 収録されている説話は、序文によれば、日本のみならず、天竺(インド)や大唐(中国)の三国を舞台とし、「あはれ」な話、「をかし」な話、「恐ろしき」話など多彩な説話を集めたものであると解説されている。
- According to the preface, the collected setsuwa tales are actually set in three different countries, not only in Japan but also in India and China; the preface also explains that the setsuwa tales have been collected into various types, including 'aware' (poignant), 'okashi' (amusing), and 'osoroshiki' (terrifying) tales.
- 田沼意次時代の天明の大飢饉を乗り越え、低下した幕府の指導力を取り戻すために、儒学のうち農業と上下の秩序を重視した朱子学を正学とし、当時流行していた古文辞学や古学を「風俗を乱すもの」として禁じた。
- In order to regain leadership after going through the Tenmei Famine in times of Okitsugu TANUMA, the shogunate chose Neo-Confucianism out of Confucianism for the official learning, which put importance on the hierarchic order and agriculture; on the other hand, they banned Kobunjigaku, (study of ancient rhetoric) and the Kogaku (learning about ancient teachings), which were popular learning at that time for corrupting public morals.
- 南京条約の締結によって中国に条約体制がもたらされたが、正確にはそれにより冊封や朝貢といった華夷秩序が一度に崩壊したわけではなく、しばらくの間華夷秩序と条約体制は相剋しつつも並存することとなった。
- Conclusion of the treaty of Nanking brought treaty system to China, but Kaichitsujo based on sakuho and choko did not fall apart at a time and still coexisted with the treaty system for a while.
- 扶養をすべき者若しくは扶養を受けるべき者の順序又は扶養の程度若しくは方法について協議又は審判があった後事情に変更を生じたときは、家庭裁判所は、その協議又は審判の変更又は取消しをすることができる。
- If an alteration in circumstances arises after an agreement or an order regarding the order of persons under a duty to support, persons entitled to support, or the extent or form of support, the family court may alter or revoke the agreement or the order.
- そのシャーマニズムから祖先崇拝の要素を取り出して礼教化し、仁愛の理念をもって、当時、身分制秩序崩壊の社会混乱によって解体していた古代社会の道徳的・宗教的再編を試みたのが孔子であると主張している。
- She claimed that Koshi attempted to morally and religiously reorganize the ancient society, which was falling apart due to social disorder caused by collapse of public order based on the system of social status, by extracting the ancestor worship factor from shamanism and organizing it as Rei-kyo, and by embracing a philosophy of sympathy.
- 『日本書紀』の天智天皇10年(671年)紀に「学識頭」という役職が見られ、また『懐風藻』の序文に天智天皇が学校を創設したという記述が見られるため、この時代に大学寮の由来を求める考え方が有力である。
- Because a post named 'Fumi no Tsukasa no Kami' (head of Minister of Education) is mentioned in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) entry for the year 671, and the preface of 'Kaifuso' (Found Recollections of Poetry) includes the statement that the Emperor Tenchi founded a school, it is generally understood that the origin of Daigaku-ryo dates back to this era.
- 村は本来道切りなどにより外部と区別される空間で、村の成員は生業を行い生活に必要な資源を供給する環境を共有し、寄合を行い祭礼や年中行事を共同で行うことにより統一された意思のもと秩序維持を行っていた。
- The village is originally a space separated from the outside world by placing something that drives out evil spirits on the access road, and the village members live under the same condition by earning a living through supply of resources required for everyday life, as well as by holding meetings and jointly organizing rites, festivals and annual events for maintenance of order under the unified will.
- 大日如来を中心とした数々の「仏」を一定の秩序にしたがって配置したものであり、「胎蔵曼荼羅」(胎蔵界曼荼羅とも)、「金剛界曼荼羅」の2つの曼荼羅を合わせて「両界曼荼羅」または「両部曼荼羅」と称する。
- Mandala is the one where many 'Buddha,' including Dainichi Nyorai, are arranged in accordance with a certain fixed order and two mandala, namely Garbha-mandala (also called Taizokai-mandala) and Vajradhatu-mandala, are collectively called Ryokai-mandala or Ryoubu mandala.
- 三木稔 「鳳凰三連・破の曲」「春琴抄・序曲と春鶯囀(しゅんおうでん)」「松の協奏曲」「箏協奏曲第五番」(以上は洋楽オーケストラとの協奏曲)「コンチェルト・レクイエム」(邦楽オーケストラとの協奏曲)
- Minoru MIKI: 'Eurasian Trilogy ha-no kyoku,' 'Shunkinsho Jokyoku to Shunoden,' 'ka Pine Concerto,' 'Soh Concerto No.5' (these are concerto with Western music orchestra), 'Concerto Requiem' (concerto with traditional Japanese music orchestra)
- ヨーロッパ諸国が主導して形成した近代外交体制は基本的に主権平等主義に基づき、対等国同士の外交という形式を取っていたため、この外交体制の拡大とともに華夷秩序も徐々に変容あるいは解体されることとなった。
- Since the modern system of foreign relations that had been forged by European countries was based on the principle of sovereign equality, in other words, the diplomacy between independent nations, the order of kai was forced to change or dissolve according to the development of such system of foreign relations.
- そうした国際法を肯定的に捉える受容は、 洋務運動時期にはまだ少数であったが、それは中国を唯我独尊的な存在と自認する中華思想とそれに基づく華夷秩序が動揺し、変化させられていく契機の一つだったといえる。
- This positive acceptance of international law was not shared by large numbers of people at the time of yomu undo but it was a chance that Kaichitsujo based on Sinocentrism, in which China maintained self-centered attitude was unsettled and changed.
- 両議院は、各々その会議その他の手続及び内部の規律に関する規則を定め、又、院内の秩序をみだした議員を懲罰することができる。但し、議員を除名するには、出席議員の三分の二以上の多数による議決を必要とする。
- Each House shall establish its rules pertaining to meetings, proceedings and internal discipline, and may punish members for disorderly conduct. However, in order to expel a member, a majority of two-thirds or more of those members present must pass a resolution thereon.
- 裁判長又は開廷をした一人の裁判官は、法廷における裁判所の職務の執行を妨げ、又は不当な行状をする者に対し、退廷を命じ、その他法廷における秩序を維持するのに必要な事項を命じ、又は処置を執ることができる。
- The presiding judge or a judge who has opened the session may order any person who interferes with the exercising of the duties of the court or who behaves improperly, to leave the court, and may issue such other orders or take such measures as are necessary for the maintenance of order in the court.
- 弁護士及び弁護士法人は、この法律又は所属弁護士会若しくは日本弁護士連合会の会則に違反し、所属弁護士会の秩序又は信用を害し、その他職務の内外を問わずその品位を失うべき非行があつたときは、懲戒を受ける。
- An attorney or Legal Professional Corporation shall be subject to disciplinary actions if he/she or it violates this Act or the articles of association of the bar association to which he/she or it belongs or of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, or damages the order or reputation of said bar association or misbehaves in a manner impairing his/her or its own integrity, whether in the conduct of his/her professional activities or not.
- 平家方は序盤は鎌倉方が静まり返るほど矢を射かけて互角以上に戦っていたが、射尽すと逆に水上からは義経軍に、陸上からは範頼軍に射かけられるままとなり、防御装備の貧弱な水手・梶取たちから犠牲となっていった。
- The Taira forces made the opening attack, in which they fired so many arrows they stopped the Kamakura forces in their tracks, and were more than holding their own in the battle, but once they ran out of arrows, they were attacked in turn by Yoshitsune's archers on sea, and Noriyori's archers on land, and the Taira were mowed down, starting with their boatmen and rowers, who lacked adequate defensive equipment.
- しかしながら、大日本帝国憲法は国民の権利を、天皇が臣民に与えた「恩恵的権利」と定義し、権利制限の根拠を「法律ニ定メタル場合」「法律ノ範囲内」などのいわゆる「法律の留保」、あるいは「安寧秩序」に求めた。
- However, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan specified that people's rights were 'privileged' ones that were given by the emperor and these rights could be limited 'by the constitution' and only permitted 'within the confines of the law,' in favor of public order and security.
- 地役権者は、設定行為で定めた目的に従い、他人の土地を自己の土地の便益に供する権利を有する。ただし、第三章第一節(所有権の限界)の規定(公の秩序に関するものに限る。)に違反しないものでなければならない。
- A person entitled to a servitude shall have the right to make lands of others available for the benefit of their own lands in accordance with purposes prescribed in the acts establishing the servitudes; provided, however, that those rights should not violate the provisions (limited to those that relate to public policy) under Section 1 of Chapter III (Extent of Ownership).
- 投機的な取引、高利の融資その他の事業であって、公益法人の社会的信用を維持する上でふさわしくないものとして政令で定めるもの又は公の秩序若しくは善良の風俗を害するおそれのある事業を行わないものであること。
- It does not operate any speculative transaction, financing with high interest or other businesses specified by Cabinet Order as ones being not suitable for maintaining the social trust of a public interest corporation or any business that could be harmful to public policy.
- しかし「範士が剣道界の最高峰である」ことを改めて確立するため、また範士が八段受有者の年功序列によって授与されていたことの反省から、九段および十段は廃止され、各称号の審査基準が上の表のように見直された。
- However, in order to re-establish 'Hanshi as the top rank in the Kendo world,' and in consideration of the fact that Hanshi titles were granted to Hachidan holders on the basis of seniority, Kyudan and Judan were abolished and the rules of examination were revised as in the above list.
- 戦国の武士の気風を受け継ぎ殉死などを行なうかぶき者を公秩序維持のため徳川家綱の代に禁止し、江戸幕府が、儒教の朱子学を公の学問としたため、信・義・忠を重んじ、気高い振る舞いを行なうのが武士であるとされた。
- The kabuki-mono (the crazy ones, dandy), who followed their master to the grave with the moral tone of bushi during the Sengoku period, were forbidden for the maintenance of public order during the generation of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA and the Edo bakufu authorized Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) of Confucianism as public scholarship and thus the bushi should emphasize the faith, justice and loyalty and behave nobly.
- 摂関政治や院政などの新しい政治形態の出現、班田制の衰退と荘園の発展、律令法的身分秩序の解体などにみられる各種の歴史上の変化によって、律令法に基づく新しい慣習法が律令法の各分野で形成されてきた結果である。
- This is a result of new common laws being formed in various areas of ritsuryo law, due to a variety of historical changes such as the emergence of new political formats like sekkan seiji (politics of regents and advisers) and insei (rule by a retired Emperor), decline of ancient farmland allotment and accepting system and development of manors, and dismantling of the class system under ritsuryo law.
- 近世に入って日清戦争に勝利した大日本帝国の清への要求により、朝鮮は清国の冊封体制から離脱し大韓帝国となると華夷秩序の関係が崩れ、新たに大日本帝国の従属下に入った事によって初めて日本の天皇を皇帝と称した。
- In modern times, demanded by the Empire of Japan winning the Japanese-Sino War, the Chinese Suzerainty over Korea collapsed after Korea left from the Sakuho system (the Chinese vassal system), and called the Tenno of Japan the Emperor for the first time after being newly subordinated to the Empire of Japan.
- 商人や職人に自由に利潤追求を許せば、その経済力によって支配階級が脅かされ、農民が重労働である農業を嫌って商工に転身する事により穀物の生産が減少して飢饉が発生し、ひいては社会秩序が崩壊すると考えたのである。
- The thought was that if merchants and artisans were allowed to freely pursuit profits, their wealth would threaten the ruling class and farmers would give up the hard labor of agriculture start new careers as sho or ko, decreasing agricultural output, leading to famine, and resulting in the collapse of the social order.
- 欧米諸国とは条約を基礎とした関係(外交を担う役所総理衙門の設置や公使の相互派遣)を結ぶ一方で、清朝は朝鮮やベトナム、琉球といった周辺のアジア諸国とは旧来の華夷秩序を温存し、それを恒久的に維持しようとした。
- The Qing dynasty built relationships based on treaties between European countries and American; on the other hand, the Qing dynasty maintained relationships based on Kaichitsujo with Asian countries around China such as Korea, Vietnam and Ryukyu and tried to keep the relations on a permanent basis.
- だが、やがて「天下布武」を唱えて新秩序形成を目指す信長と旧来の将軍・幕府中心の秩序の再建を目指す義昭は敵対し、1573年に義昭は信長によって京都を追放されて幕府組織は信長の築いた政治機構に解体・吸収された。
- But eventually, Nobunaga, who aimed to create a new system of government consistent with his motto of 'Tenka fubu' (warriors rule all under heaven), and Yoshiaki, who was trying to revitalize the old system of Shogun and bakufu, were bound to become enemies, and in 1573 Yoshiaki was driven out of Kyoto by Nobunaga, and with this, the bakufu system was dismantled and absorbed into a new governmental system created by Nobunaga.
- そこでは、自己と社会、自己と宇宙は、理という普遍的原理を通して結ばれており(理一分殊)、自己修養(修己)による理の把握から社会秩序の維持(治人)に到ることができるとする、個人と社会を統合する思想を提唱した。
- In this learning system, the thought of unification of an individual and the society was advocated, that is the self and the society, and the self and the universe were tied together by 'Li' as universal principles (Chinese philosophical theory in which it is believed that the universe and one are connected through his reason), and that the maintenance of social order (governing people) could be achieved through understanding of 'Li' through self-discipline.
- 清代の朱子学は、理気論や心性論よりも、朱熹が晩年に力を入れていた礼学が重視され、社会的な秩序構築を具体的に担う「礼」への関心が高まり、壮大な世界観を有する学問よりは、具体的・具象的な学問へと狭まっていった。
- Neo-Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty focused on Reigaku (courtesy science), which Hsi CHU concentrated in his later years, rather than the theory of Li-Ch'i and the theory of Mind, and interest in 'courtesy' increased, which was practically responsible for the establishment of public order, so that Neo-Confucianism was narrowed down from learning having a grand world view to becoming practicable and concrete.
- この法律は、火災を予防し、警戒し及び鎮圧し、国民の生命、身体及び財産を火災から保護するとともに、火災又は地震等の災害に因る被害を軽減し、もつて安寧秩序を保持し、社会公共の福祉の増進に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to prevent, guard against, and suppress fires in order to protect the lives, bodies and property of citizens from fires, and to reduce the damage arising from fires or disasters such as earthquakes, thereby maintaining peace and order and contributing to the promotion of social and public welfare.
- 従五位下諸大夫では、江戸城中の序列において、万石以下端数を切捨てた石高で同高の城主大名の次席に位置した(「順席」における例.5万3,000石城主格藤堂家は5万石城主溝口家の次席であった)をうける大名をいった。
- In the seating hierarchy within Edo-jo Castle, any Shodaibu of Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade whose kokudaka (the assessed value of their landholdings in rice), rounded down to the nearest 10,000 koku, was equal to that of a joshu (castle lord) daimyo, was seated one notch down from such joshu daimyo (for example, the Todo family, a Joshukaku with 53,000 koku, was seated one notch below the Mizoguchi family, a joshu with 50,000 koku).
- 農林水産大臣は、前項の許可の申請があつた場合には、当該寄港によつて外国漁船による漁業活動が助長され、わが国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障を生ずるおそれがあると認められるときを除き、同項の許可をしなければならない。
- Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries shall, when application for permission set forth in the preceding paragraph is filed, except the cases where there is a risk of fishing activities by foreign fishing vessels be promoted and posing problem for preservation of normal order of Japanese fishery by the said calling, permit the preceding paragraph.
- 旧来の臣・連・伴造(とものみやつこ)・国造(くにのみやつこ)という身分秩序にたいして、臣・連の中から天皇一族と関係の深いものだけを抽出し、真人・朝臣・宿禰の姓を与え、新しい身分秩序を作り出し、皇族の地位を高めた。
- While the old order of the social status was Omi, Muraji, Tomonomiyatsuko, and Kuninomiyatsuko, the Emperor Tenmu selected only the ones who had a close connection with imperial family from among Omi and Muraji, gave a new titles of Mahito, Asomi/Ason, and Sukune to them, created a new order of the social status, and raised the status of imperial family.
- 星大輔、米田兼一郎、加藤大志といったライバルチームの主力を獲得し、パウロ・アントニオ・デ・オリベイラ、カルロス・アドリアーノ・デ・ジョス・ソアレスの両外国人助っ人が得点を量産し、圧倒的な強さで序盤から首位を独走。
- The club had gotten leading members of rival teams such as Daisuke HOSHI, Kenichiro META and Daishi KATO, and both of the foreign players, Paulo Antonio De OLIVEIRA 'Paulinho' and Carlos Adriano De JESUS SOARES 'Alemao,' scored a lot of goals, so that the team ran far ahead of the other teams with overwhelming strength from the early stages of the season.
- 当事者は、第百十三条(尋問の順序)第二項及び第三項、第百十四条(質問の制限)第二項、第百十五条(質問の制限)第三項並びに前条(文書等の質問への利用)第一項の規定による裁判長の裁判に対し、異議を述べることができる。
- A party may make an objection to a judicial decision of the presiding judge that has been made under the provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of Article 113 (Order of Examination), paragraph (2) of Article 114 (Limitation of Question), paragraph (3) of Article 115 (Limitation of Question) and paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (Use of Document, etc. in Questions).
- 序文については『日本書紀』で触れられた『天皇記』・『国記』に相当するものを装った偽書であり、物部氏の権威付けのために、その筋に近い物が創作した可能性が高いと言われている(藤原明『日本の偽書』文藝春秋、2004年)。
- With regard to the preface, it is considered that the preface is gisho, assuming that it corresponds to the prefaces for 'Tennoki' (a Record of the Emperors) and 'Kokki' (a National Record), and that a person familiar to the Mononobe clan created the story in order to give authority to the Mononobe clan (Akira FUJIWARA, 'Nihon no gisho' (a book of gisho, apocryphal book in Japan), Bungei shunju, 2004).
- 序列は近衛家に次ぎ、九条家、二条家、鷹司家と同格扱いであった(なお、九条家とは南北朝時代_(日本)に嫡流を巡って相論となったが、後光厳天皇によりいずれも嫡流であるとの綸旨が下された。詳細は九条家の項目を参照のこと)。
- As for the ranking, the Ichijo Family was inferior to the Konoe Family but was equal to the Kujo, Nijo and Takatsukasa families (the Ichijo Family was opposed to the Kujo Family over the legitimate blood of the family during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), so the Emperor Go-Kogen gave the imperial order that both family lines should be the legitimate blood of the family. For details, see the item on the Kujo Family).
- 室町時代は、3代征夷大将軍足利義満の時代の全盛を除いて戦乱と無秩序の時代であったが、鎌倉時代以前には見られない、出自不明の農民・商人層の社会進出を可能とし、日本史上、初めて人間の顔が見える人物を登場させた時代でもある。
- Aside from the golden age of prosperity reached under the third seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Muromachi period was fraught with wars and disorder, but on the other hand, not since before the Kamakura period had there been such opportunity for common people of obscure origins, farmers and tradesmen, to advance socially, and among all the eras of Japanese history, the Muromachi period was the first to produce notable people whose faces and lives appear in clear focus to later eyes.
- これは本来は九州地方固有の神を祀った神社であったとも言われている宇佐八幡宮の社会的影響力の増大が、皇室と律令制・鎮護国家が形成する皇室祭祀と仏教を基軸とする宗教的秩序に対する脅威になる事を危惧したからだと言われている。
- This is said to have occurred because the government was afraid that the social influence of Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine, which was said to be a shrine that originally worshipped a local god of Kyushu region, grew so much that it would become a threat to the religious order centered on the Imperial family, Imperial household religious rites formed by the Ritsuryo system and the nation protection thought, and Buddhism.
- 王政に「復古」するといいながらも伝統的な摂政・関白以下の朝廷の秩序を一新することで上級公家を排除し、徳川が新政府の主体となる芽をつみ、天皇親政の名の下、岩倉ら一部の公家と薩長が主導する新政府を成立・宣言する内容であった。
- Although the decree asserted 'restoration' of Imperial rule, it intended to completely change the traditional organization of the Imperial Court including Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (chief adviser), expel senior court nobles, nip the possibility of the Tokugawa dominating the new government in the bud, and establish a new government to be lead by some of the court nobles including Iwakura and the major members of Satsuma and Choshu Domains under the name of the direct rule by the Emperor.
- 江戸幕府による朝廷及び公家社会の秩序回復については、関ヶ原の戦いの翌月(慶長5年(1600年)10月 (旧暦))に、公家領の録上を行い、翌年には禁裏御料をはじめとして女院・宮家・公家・門跡に対する知行の確定を行っている。
- The Edo bakufu restored the order of the imperial court and the court noble society by recording the territories of the court nobles in November 1600, the next month of the Battle of Sekigahara, and by defining chigyo (enfeoffment) including the imperial property against nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a womwan of comparable standing), Miyake (the house of an imperial prince), the court nobles, and monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family) in the next year.
- 次男の徳川宗武(後に田安徳川家創設)という優秀な候補もいたため、一時期は吉宗も後継に迷ったと言われるが、結局長幼の序を重んじ、家重に将軍職を譲って大御所となり、宗武には田安家を、三男の徳川宗尹には一橋徳川家を創設させた。
- Since the second son, Munetake TOKUGAWA (who later established Tayasu-Tokugawa Family), was an excellent candidate, Yoshimune wavered in the judgement of successor temporarily, but considered a principle of Elders first, transferred shogunate to Ieshige and became Ogosho, made Munetake to establish the Tayasu family and the third son, Munetada TOKUGAWA to establish the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family.
- 同一の動産について特別の先取特権が互いに競合する場合には、その優先権の順位は、次に掲げる順序に従う。この場合において、第二号に掲げる動産の保存の先取特権について数人の保存者があるときは、後の保存者が前の保存者に優先する。
- In cases where there is conflict among special statutory liens with respect to the same movables, the order of priority shall follow the order listed below. In such cases, if there are two or more preservers with respect to the statutory liens for preservation of movables listed in item (ii), a new preserver shall prevail over previous preservers.
- その後も義昭は征夷大将軍職を解任されていない事を盾に各地で幕府再建運動を行うが、信長、そして豊臣秀吉による新秩序形成の勢いを前には全くの無力であり、義昭の京都追放の時点をもって室町幕府および室町時代の終期と看做されている。
- Thereafter, using the fact that Yoshiaki had never officially been dismissed from the post of Seii taishogun as a pretext, movements did arise in various provinces to restore the bakufu to power, but against the momentum of the new governmental structure created by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, such efforts were entirely fruitless, and so the Muromachi bakufu--and the Muromachi period itself--is considered to have ended at the point Yoshiaki was driven from Kyoto.
- 嘉悦孝子(1867-1949)が『經濟改善 是からの裁縫』(けいざいかいぜん これからのさいほう)(日本服装改善会出版部、1922年)の序文で「私は日本服装改善の到達点は、洋服か洋服に近いものであらうと存じます」と書いた。
- Takako KAETSU (1867 - 1949) wrote 'Keizaikaizen Korekara no Saiho' in 1922 published from Nihon Fukuso Kaizenkai Shuppanbu, in the preface of which she wrote 'In my opinion, the goal of improvement of Japanese clothing should be Western clothing or something close to Western clothing.'
- ただし、「枕詞」という用語自体は平安時代には諺とほぼおなじ意味で使用されており(顕昭『古今集序注』)、現在の意味で使用されるのは一条兼良『古今憧蒙抄』、清原宣賢『日本書紀抄』など、中世以降の資料に見えるものが早いとされる。
- However, it is said that the term 'makurakotoba' itself was used to express nearly the same meaning as a proverb in the Heian period ('Kokinshujuchu' by Kensho), and that the oldest usages in the same meaning as the present day are found in the materials after the medieval period, such as '古今憧蒙抄' by Kanera ICHIJO, '日本書紀抄' by Nobukata KIYOHARA, and so on.
- 従来の元和 (日本)の武家諸法度に記載されていた「弓馬の道」から大きく内容を変え、主君に対する忠と父祖に対する孝を基盤とした礼儀による秩序を構築するものであった(また、家綱の頃に採用された末期養子の禁の緩和が明記された)。
- The new code made a clear departure from 'Kyuba no michi' (the spirit of samurai) mentioned in the previous Buke Shohatto issued in the Genna era, indicating the bakufu's intention of establishing public order through the courtesy based upon loyalty to one's master and filial piety (in addition, the appeasement of Matsugo yoshi no kin (ban on adoption as a son on one's deathbed), which had been adopted in the age of Ietsuna, was clearly stated).
- 主務大臣は、商品市場における秩序の維持又は委託者の保護のため必要かつ適当であると認めるときは、その必要の限度において、商品取引員に対し、財産の状況又は商品取引受託業務の運営の改善に必要な措置をとることを命ずることができる。
- When the competent minister finds it necessary and appropriate for maintaining order on the Commodity Market or for protecting customers, he/she may order a Futures Commission Merchant to take the necessary measures for improving the status of its property or the operation of its Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business within the necessary limits.
- 全81巻と「陰徳記序および目録」1冊で、戦国時代 (日本)の山陰地方、山陽地方を中心に、室町時代13代将軍足利義輝の時代から、慶長の役まで(永正8年(1507年)頃-慶長3年(1598年)頃までの約90年間)を書く軍記物語。
- It is a war chronicle comprising 81 volumes plus a separate volume entitled 'Intokuki jo oyobi mokuroku' (Preface and Table of Contents for the Intokuki); it is focused mainly on the Sanin and Sanyo regions and begins its account in the time of the thirteenth Shogun of the Muromachi period, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and continuing until the Keicho Campaign (or in other words, it covers a roughly 90-year span from 1507 to 1598).
- 中国王朝から見た華夷秩序は、中華思想に基づく世界観を現実に投影したもので、中国を「華」(文明)と自認し、中国という同心円的ヒエラルキーの中心から離れるに従い「華」から離れ「夷狄」(野蛮)に近づいていくと考える国際秩序である。
- Kaichitsujo looked from Chinese dynasty was a view of the world based on Sinocentrism projected to the reality and it was international order in which China is recognized as 'Ka' (culture) and the more remote from China, which was the center of concentric circle-shaped hierarchy the more remote from 'Ka' and come closer to 'iteki' (barbarians).
- 中国唐を代表する『欧陽詢九成宮醴泉銘』・『虞世南孔子廟堂碑』・『チョ遂良雁塔聖教序』などの作品は、行頭・行末を揃え、左右の文字の位置を揃え、行をまっすぐに書いており、上述の「散らし書き」といかに対照的な書字法であるかが分かる。
- In works representative of Tang dynasty period China, such as Ouyang Xun's 'Jiu Cheng Gong Li Quan Ming,' Yu Shinan's 'Kong Zi Miao Tang Bei,' and Chu Suiliang's 'Yan Ta Sheng Jiao Xu,' the start and end points of the lines and their position left and right are always aligned and the lines are written straight, in contrast to the uneven 'chirashi-gaki' style described above.
- しかし一方で、日常では許されないような秩序や常識を超えた行為(ふんどし一丁、男性の女装等)も、「この祭礼の期間にだけは」伝統的に許されると認識する地方が多く、そのため賑やかな場面を指して「お祭り騒ぎ」などの言葉が派生している。
- On the other hand, order disallowed in the daily life and acts beyond the bounds of common sense (naked except for one's loincloth, dressing as a woman by men and so on) are recognized to be allowed traditionally 'only during the matsuri' in many provinces, and therefore, the term 'omatsuri sawagi' referring to a joyous scene was derived.
- この度々の計画の変更については、「芳賀矢一記念会」の了承を得て、また芳賀矢一が死去する昭和2年までは同人の了承をも得ていたとされており、この点について池田は源氏物語大成の序文の中で「本来の計画の正しい発展である」と述べている。
- It is said that this frequent changing of plans were approved by the 'Memorial Association of Yaichi Haga' and also accepted by HAGA until his death in 1927, so IKEDA stated in the foreword to Genji monogatari taisei that 'these frequent changes were the proper development of the original plan.'
- 当該労働契約の当事者間に書面による別段の合意がある場合。ただし、労働者の保護の見地から、当該労働契約に関する訴え又は申立てについて日本国の裁判所が管轄権を有しないとするならば、公の秩序に反することとなるときは、この限りでない。
- Cases where the parties to said labor contract have otherwise agreed in writing; provided however, that this shall not apply where the lack of jurisdiction over the action or petition regarding said labor contract by Japanese courts is contrary to public order from the viewpoint of protecting workers.
- 近代国際法は「理念」として万国平等を謳いながら、現実では非西欧諸国を差別する国際秩序を支えており、こうした「理念」と現実との落差に対し、やがて失望とシニカルな感想、そして理念よりも国力を重視する姿勢が出てくることは自然であった。
- Under modern international law, the equality of nations was referred to as 'principle' but the thought supported international order that discriminated non-western Europe countries, therefore it was natural that some people were disappointed about the difference between the 'principle' and reality, became cynical and put more value on national power than principle.
- この法律は、都市計画の内容及びその決定手続、都市計画制限、都市計画事業その他都市計画に関し必要な事項を定めることにより、都市の健全な発展と秩序ある整備を図り、もつて国土の均衡ある発展と公共の福祉の増進に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote the sound development and orderly improvement of cities by stipulating the details of city planning and decision procedures therefor, city planning restrictions, city planning projects and any other necessary matters concerning city planning, thereby contributing to well-balanced national development and the promotion of public welfare.
- 彼は、その論拠として総序の末尾、先述の「配巻軸於六合…」の前に「総有一十五種類、謂聲譜、調聲、八種韻、四聲論、十七勢、十四例、六義、十體、八階、六志、二十九種對、文三十種病累、十種疾、論文意、論對属等、是也」と見えることを挙げる。
- As the ground of his thesis, he mentioned there was a phrase at the end of the general introduction 'the theory is classified into 115 categories, I think, as follows; seifu (tones), chosho (a leading part of sutra sentences), 8 in (八種韻, 8 rhymes), 4 seiron (四聲論, 4 tone methods), 17 sei (十七勢, 17 powers), 14 rei (十四例, 14 examples), 6 gi (六義, 6 doctrines), 10 tei (十體, 10 formats), 8 kai (八階, 8 grades), 6 shi (六志, 6 wills), and 29 tai (二十九種對, 29 replies), 30 contents of peirui (文三十種病累, 30 contents of disease related),10 shitsu (十種疾, 10 disease), meanings of articles, rontaizoku (論對属, attached articles), and so on' before the phrase of 'the volumes are titled after the universe …' mentioned above.
- 「金剛界曼荼羅」は「金剛頂経」、「大悲胎蔵生曼荼羅」は「大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経」という、密教の根本経典に基づいて造形されたもので、2つの曼荼羅とも、密教の根本尊である大日如来を中心に、多くの尊像を一定の秩序のもとに配置している。
- Vajradhatu mandala' and 'Daihitaizosho Mandala' were created based on 'Kongocho-kyo Sutra' (Vajrasekhara Sutra) and 'Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji-kyo Sutra' (Mahavairocana Sutra), and both are the fundamental scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism, respectively and in these 2 kinds of mandala, many statutes of Buddha are arranged in a fixed order with Dainichi Nyorai, the fundamental Buddha of Esoteric Buddhism, situated in the center.
- この法律は、外国人がわが国の港その他の水域を使用して行なう漁業活動の増大によりわが国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障を生ずるおそれがある事態に対処して、外国人が漁業に関してする当該水域の使用の規制について必要な措置を定めるものとする。
- Purpose of this Act is to provide necessary measures, in view of increased fishing operations by foreign nationals using Japanese ports and waters may have a risk of harm in maintaining normal order of Japanese fisheries, for regulating fishing operation by foreign nationals to deal with the said situation
- 弁護士会は、弁護士会の秩序若しくは信用を害するおそれがある者又は次に掲げる場合に該当し弁護士の職務を行わせることがその適正を欠くおそれがある者について、資格審査会の議決に基づき、登録又は登録換えの請求の進達を拒絶することができる。
- If there is a likelihood that an applicant may harm the bar association's order or reputation, or an applicant falls under one of the following items and there is a likelihood that he/she may be unfit to practice law, the bar association may refuse to transmit his/her request for registration or transfer of registration, pursuant to a resolution of its Qualifications Screening Board:
- 民法、商法その他の法律の公の秩序に関しない規定の適用による場合に比し、消費者の権利を制限し、又は消費者の義務を加重する消費者契約の条項であって、民法第一条第二項に規定する基本原則に反して消費者の利益を一方的に害するものは、無効とする。
- Clauses which restrict the rights of consumers or expand the duties of consumers beyond those under the provisions unrelated to the public order applicable pursuant to the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and such other laws and regulations and which, impair the interests of consumers unilaterally against the fundamental principle provided in the second paragraph of article 1 of the Civil Code, are void.
- 出願公開は、次に掲げる事項を特許公報に掲載することにより行う。ただし、第四号から第六号までに掲げる事項については、当該事項を特許公報に掲載することが公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがあると特許庁長官が認めるときは、この限りでない。
- The laying open of a patent application shall be effected by stating the following matters in the patent gazette; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the matters prescribed in items (iv) to (vi) where the Commissioner of the Patent Office recognizes that public order or morality is liable to be injured by stating such matters in the patent gazette:
- 冒頭に天慶2年(939年)作の大江朝綱作の『倭注切韻』序文を冒頭に掲げ(ただし、その意図については不詳)、次に漢詩作成上に注意を必要とする10項目を記し、その後「筆大体」「詩本体」「雑体詩」「詩雑例」というそれぞれ独立した4項目が続く。
- The book starts with the preface of '倭注切韻' written by Oe no Asatsuna in 939 (its purpose is not clear), followed by ten matters to be attended in writing kanshi, which is followed by independent four items of '筆大体,' '詩本体,' '雑体詩,' and '詩雑例.'
- 更に時代が下ると、腐敗した朝廷の口向(経理)を監督するための「御所向御取扱掛」(安永3年設置、奉行が兼務)や京都市街の無秩序な拡大を防止して適正な町割をするための「新地掛」(文化 (日本)10年設置、与力が兼務)などの新たな職掌が生まれ、
- Along with the passage of time, new divisions emerged such as 'Gosho-muke otoriatsukai-gakari' (founded 1774, assumed by Magistrate) responsible for overseeing the corrupted kuchimuke (finance division) of the Imperial court and 'Sarachi-gakari' (founded 1813, assumed by yoriki) responsible for preventing random expansion of the Kyoto urban land and implementing appropriate urban development plans.
- 幕末のころ、神田孝平がたまたま露店で写本を見つけ、明治2年(1869年)、福澤諭吉が、『蘭学事始』(上下二巻)の題名で刊行(その後、明治23年4月1日に記した「蘭学事始再版の序」の中で、感動に涙したとしている)、一般に読まれるようになる。
- In the last days of Edo Period, Takahira KANDA happened to find a copied book at a street stall, and in 1869 Yukichi FUKUZAWA published the book 'Rangaku Kotohajime' (two volumes) (later in the preface to the second edition of Rangaku Kotohajime written on April 1, 1890, Fukuzawa wrote that he was moved to tears), and it became to be read by the general public.
- 主務大臣は、協会に加入せず、又は商品取引所の会員等となつていない商品取引員の業務について、商品市場における秩序を乱し、又は委託者の保護に欠けることのないよう、協会又は商品取引所の定款その他の規則を考慮し、適切な監督を行わなければならない。
- The competent minister shall supervise appropriately the business of a Futures Commission Merchant who has not joined an Association or who is not a Member, etc. of a Commodity Exchange, while considering the articles of incorporation and any other rules of the Association or the Commodity Exchange so that such business does not disturb order on the Commodity Market or fail to protect customers.
- ただし、さきの巡行の先頭の長刀鉾、5番目の函谷鉾、21番目の放下鉾、22番目の岩戸山、23番目(さきの巡行の最後)船鉾、あとの巡行の先頭の北観音山、次の橋弁慶山、あとの巡行の最後の南観音山は「くじ取らず」と呼ばれ、順序が予め決まっている。
- Note that the order of floats is previously decided for 'Kuji torazu' (eight floats are not to draw lots for the parade order), which includes the former parade's leading Naginata boko, the fifth Kanko boko, the 21nd Hoka boko, and the 23rd Fune boko and the latter parade's leading Kitakannon yama, the second Hashi Benkei yama, and the last Minamikannon yama.
- もっとも、律令制が衰微したこの時代においても最低限の社会秩序の維持は模索されたことから、治安・司法分野においては法律の専門家である明法家に対する需要は存在し続け、以後も明法道から刑部省や弾正台、検非違使などの官人が送り込まれることとなった。
- Though the system under the ritsuryo legal codes declined, minimum social order was sought, which required Myoho experts as the specialists of law in the field of order and justice and government officials who had studied Myohodo were sent to the ministries such as Gyobusho, Danjodai, Kebiishi.
- その後、その子・今川義元は、天文_(日本)22年(1552年)の分国法「今川仮名目録追加」において現在の今川領国の秩序維持を行っているのは足利将軍家ではなく今川氏そのものであることを理由に、幕府権力による守護使不入地を全面否定したのである。
- Thereafter, his son Yoshimoto IMAGAWA completely denied the shugoshi funyuchi specified by the bakufu authority in his bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku Tsuika' (expanding on house rules left by Ujichika), published in 1552, on the ground that those who maintain order in the present Imagawa territory are not the Ashikaga shogun family, but the Imagawa clan itself.
- 次いで1682年、鷹司房輔が関白を辞した際には本来の順序ならば左大臣である近衛基熙を関白に任じるべきところを、霊元天皇は彼が小倉事件ににおける自分の措置に対して批判的であると睨んでいたため、これを無視して右大臣の一条冬経(兼輝)を越任させた。
- Subsequently, in 1682, when Fusasuke TAKATSUKASA resigned from his post as kanpaku (chief adviser) to the Emperor, Emperor Reigen appointed Fuyutsune (Kaneteru) ICHIJO, of Udaijin (Minister of the right), to be a successor, although in an original orderly manner Motohiro KONOE of Sadaijin (Minister of the left), should have been appointed instead; but the Emperor did not do so, as he suspected that Motohiro KONOE was critical to him after giving measures to him in the wake of the Ogura Incident.
- 外国法事務弁護士は、この法律又は所属弁護士会若しくは日本弁護士連合会の会則中外国法事務弁護士に関する規定に違反し、所属弁護士会又は日本弁護士連合会の秩序又は信用を害し、その他職務の内外を問わずその品位を失うべき非行があつたときは、懲戒を受ける。
- A registered foreign lawyer shall be subject to disciplinary action in cases where he/she has violated this Act or any of the provisions of the articles of association of the bar association to which he/she belongs or of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations pertaining to a registered foreign lawyer, or has caused damage to the good order or reputation of the bar association to which he/she belongs or of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, or has misbehaved himself/herself in such manner as impairing the dignity of a registered foreign lawyer, whether in performing his/her professional duties or otherwise.
- 珍しい例では徳川家康の家臣団であった水野勝成は、大将格であったにもかかわらず一番槍をあげ軍令違反として処罰されている(表面的な理由は、大将格が序盤で戦死すると総崩れになる可能性を危惧したものだが、統率者としての自己顕示欲の強さを戒める面もある)。
- In a rare example, one of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's vassals named Katsunari MIZUNO was punished for taking the position of Ichiban-yari in spite of his status as general (this was ostensibly due to the concern that if the general had died at an early stage of the battle, his army would have suffered a debacle, but he was also punished as a warning against being too self-assertive as a leader).
- その際、木戸孝允は、福岡案第一条の「列侯会議を興し」を「広ク会議ヲ興シ」に改め、「徴士」の任用期間を制限していた福岡案第五条を削除して木戸最終案第四条を新たに組み込み、五箇条の順序を体裁良く整え直すなどして大幅に変更を加え、より普遍的な内容にした。
- At that time, Takayoshi KIDO changed 'setting up a council by feudal lords' in the first article of Fukuoka's draft to 'setting up deliberative assemblies widely' and deleted the article 5 which restricted the term of 'choshi' (official) and added newly the article 4 of Kido's final draft and put the order of the whole five articles in proper order and the contents became more universal by those big changes.
- 『万国公法』などの近代国際法は、世界中の主権国家が互いに平等であり(「諸国平行の権」)、それは国家間の様々な権利と義務に基づくのだという「理念」を東アジアに伝えたが、それは華夷秩序における中国の圧倒的な優位を当然とする秩序観とは異質なものであった。
- Modern international law including 'Bankoku Koho' brought a 'principle' to East Asia that all sovereign nations in the world are equal (Right to equality of nations) and the equality is based on wide variety of rights and duties between countries, but the thought is completely different from the point of view of Kaichitsujo, which admits China dynasty to maintain a 10-to-1 advantage.
- そもそも「国王」称号や「干支」の使用は中華秩序における冊封体制の残滓であり、中華帝国を頂点として周辺諸国を従属国視する、伝統的東アジア外交秩序そのものであり、いまこそ、その体制から離脱を図り、かつ朝鮮側にもそれを認知させようとしたのだ、という論である。
- One opinion is as follows: Use of the title of 'King' and the 'Oriental zodiac' was a residue of the China-centered sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) system, indicating the traditional eastern Asian diplomatic order with China placed at the top and nations around it considered dependent on China, and it was time to try separating from such a system and to make such a situation acknowledged by the Korean side as well.
- 都市計画区域について無秩序な市街化を防止し、計画的な市街化を図るため必要があるときは、都市計画に、市街化区域と市街化調整区域との区分(以下「区域区分」という。)を定めることができる。ただし、次に掲げる都市計画区域については、区域区分を定めるものとする。
- When deemed necessary to prevent unregulated urbanization and promote planned urbanization in city planning areas, classification between urbanization promotion areas and urbanization control areas (hereinafter referred to as 'area classification') may be stipulated in city plans. However, area classification for the following city planning areas shall be stipulated.
- 古来、非常にとうとばれた集であり、森川許六は「前猿蓑は俳諧の古今集也、初心の人去来が猿蓑より当流俳諧に入るべし」(「宇陀法師」)といい、各務支考は「猿蓑集に至りて、全く花実を備ふ」(「発願文」)といい、伊藤風国は「正風の腸を見せ」(「伯船集」序)といい。
- This has been considered very important since olden times, and Kyoriku MORIKAWA said, 'Sarumino is the Kokinshu (abbreviation for Kokin Wakashu - A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) of haikai, therefore the beginner of haikai should read Sarumino first,' ('Uda no Hoshi'), while Shiko KAGAMI said, 'Sarumino is the best collection ever' ('Hotsugan bun' - vow), and Fukoku ITO stated that 'the spirit of shohu (Basho style) has been revealed' (the preface to 'Hakusen shu' - Collection of Hakusen).
- 鎌倉幕府において初めての成文法形式の武家法である御成敗式目が定められ、以後室町幕府の建武式目、戦国大名の分国法、江戸幕府の武家諸法度及び諸藩の藩法に継承され、武家政権における日本全国の支配及び地方政権における領国内の封建体制と地域秩序の維持の基本となった。
- The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was the first government to enforce the bukeho in the form of statutory law, the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), which was inherited by the Kenmu Code enforced by Muromachi bakufu, the bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) enforced by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period, and the Buke Shohatto (code for the warrior households) as well as the hanpo (code for regional domains) enforced during the time of the Edo bakufu; the bukeho thus became the prototype of codes for the military government to control the nation and for the regional administrations to maintain the feudal system and the regional order within their domains.
- 琉球・台湾・ベトナムなど朝貢国(あるいは「属邦」・「藩属国」ともいう)と言われる地域が華夷秩序から離脱したことにより、清朝は遅まきながら国際法への対応を開始し、朝鮮を近代国際法下における属国に位置づけ直そうとし始めたのである(岡本2004、並びに2008)。
- As countries, which served choko to the Qing dynasty (or referred to as hanzokukoku or zokushu [a state or province belongs to a nation]) Ryukyu, Taiwan and Vietnam withdrew from Kaichitsujo, the Qing dynasty started to deal with international law and place Korea as its subject state under modern international law (Okamoto 2004 and 2008).
- 海洋が人類共通の財産であり、かつ、我が国の経済社会が国際的な密接な相互依存関係の中で営まれていることにかんがみ、海洋に関する施策の推進は、海洋に関する国際的な秩序の形成及び発展のために先導的な役割を担うことを旨として、国際的協調の下に行われなければならない。
- In consideration of the fact that the oceans are the common heritage of mankind, and that the economy and society of our State have been conducted in close international interdependent relationship, promotion of measures with regard to the oceans shall be executed under the international partnership, aiming at bearing the leading role for the formation and development of the international order.
- しかしながら太宗 (唐)が『聖教序』を下賜した648年から大幅に時間が経過している上、跋文に「勅を奉けて潤色せり」という記載があることから、この碑文は玄奘の没後にその偉業を讃えるために鳩摩羅什の訳文を元に玄奘訳としてまとめられたものではないかとする説もある。
- However, because it had been a long time since 648 when Taiso (Tang tai zong) gave 'Shogyojo,' and there is a description in the afterword that 'embroidered by order of the Emperor,' there is a theory that this epigraph came to be assessed as a translation by Genjo based on Kumaraju's translation in order to glorify Genjo's great work after his death.
- 最後に残った朝貢国朝鮮に対し、清朝は当初華夷秩序下の「属国」と近代国際法における「属国」とは異なるという主張をしたが、その説得力がないと判断するや、近代国際法的な「属国」へと朝鮮を改変しようと試み、馬建忠や袁世凱を朝鮮に派遣し、直接朝鮮国政に関与しようとした。
- Regarding Korea, the last chokokoku, Qing dynasty insisted that 'zokkoku' of Kaichitsujo and 'subject state' under modern international law were completely different, when the opinion was not accepted, the Qing dynasty tried to change Korea to 'subject state' under modern international law and dispatched Jianzhong MA and Shikai YUAN to Korea to engage directly in politics of Korea.
- 裁判所が、裁判官の全員一致で、公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害する虞があると決した場合には、対審は、公開しないでこれを行ふことができる。但し、政治犯罪、出版に関する犯罪又はこの憲法第三章で保障する国民の権利が問題となつてゐる事件の対審は、常にこれを公開しなければならない。
- Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of political offenses, offenses involving the press or cases wherein the rights of people as guaranteed in Chapter III of this Constitution are in question shall always be conducted publicly.
- 公式令によれば、訴えの起こす場合には地方においては郡司→国司→太政官、首都においては京職→刑部省→太政官の順序を取ることが定められており(太政官で訴えが受理されなければ、天皇に上奏することが許される)、この手続に反する訴えをした場合には笞刑40の刑に課された(『闘訟律』)。
- According to the Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), the fixed course of a suit in local districts was a gunji (local magistrate), a kokushi (provincial governor), the Daijokan (Great Council of State) in that order, and in the Capital the Kyoshiki (Capital Bureau), the Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice), the Daijokan in that order (if appeals were not accepted by the Daijokan, people were allowed to report to the emperor), and if people made an appeal against this procedure, they were given 40 strokes of cane ('Toshoritsu').
- 従来、留守政府の改革については、「大臣・参議・大輔盟約書」第6条に違反して岩倉使節団の面々を無視する形で留守政府が功に逸って無秩序勝手に行い、その結果様々な矛盾を引き起こして政府内では明治6年の政変を、政府外では士族反乱や農民一揆を引き起こす原因となったとする見方があった。
- Rusu-seifu had been said to carry out reforms in an arbitrary, disorderly and self-serving manner against Article 6 of the 'Treaty of ministers, sangi and taifu,' ignoring members of Iwakura Mission, and as a result to cause various contradictions, the political change in 1873 within the government, and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and peasant uprisings outside the government.
- 発端の大学之助の懸想は忠臣蔵大序における師宣の、第三幕の俊行の計略は忠臣蔵の七段目由良之助の、五幕目のおりよ殺しと五十両強奪は五段目の定九郎の与市兵衛殺しの、第六幕のお亀の身売りは六段目のお軽の、大詰めの兄弟の名乗りは『伊賀越道中双六』の平作と重兵衛の名乗りを下敷きにしたもの。
- The love of Daigakunosuke in Act 1 is based on that of Moronobu in Act 1 of Chushingura; the plot of Toshiyuki in Act 3 is based on that of Yuranosuke in Act 7 of Chushingura; the murder of Oriyo and robbery of 50 ryo in Act 5 is based on the murder of Yoichibe by Sadakuro in Act 5; Okame's selling herself in Act 6 is based on that of Okaru in Act 6; brothers' revealing their identity in the final act is based on that of Heisaku and Jubei in 'Iga-goe Dochu Sugoroku' (Revenge Sought Across the Path of Iga).
- そのほか天寿国繍帳(てんじゅこくしゅうちょう)の「斯帰斯麻宮治天下天皇」(欽明)があり、そして『懐風藻』序文で持統天皇以後についてのみ天皇表記が用いられていることを根拠に、皇后の表記とともに飛鳥浄御原令(あすかきよみがはらりょう)において規定され、使用されるようになったという説である。
- Another theory holds that, based on the fact that there is the 'Shikishimamiya amenoshitashiroshimesu tenno' (Emperor Kinmei) in the Tenjukoku-shucho (the oldest needlework painting in Japan, a national treasure), and in the preface of 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry) the notation of tenno is used for the emperors after Emperor Jito only, the notation of tenno along with the kogo (empress) was regulated with the Asuka Kiyomihara Code and started to be used since then.
- やがて広大な領土支配のため北部と西部方面の辺境地域を藩部とし南のネパール、ビルマ、シャム、越南(ベトナム)、東の朝鮮及び琉球(なお琉球は日本側とも冊封関係にあった)を冊封して清を中心とする国際秩序をアジアに構築、北辺ではシベリアに進出したロシア帝国との間に条約を締結して国境を漸次確定した。
- The dynasty soon established an international order in Asia with Qing as the center by joining northern and western remote regions as its provinces and had its vassal system with Nepal, Burma, Siam, and Vietnam in the south and Korea and Ryukyu Islands (although ryukyu had also a peerage relationship with Japan) in the east, and temporarily defined its northern border by concluding a treaty with the Russian Empire that had advanced into Siberia.
- 当事者は、第百三十二条の三(質問の順序)第一項、第三項ただし書及び第四項、第百三十二条の四(質問の制限)第四項、前条(鑑定人の発問等)並びに第百三十四条(証人尋問の規定の準用)において準用する第百十六条(文書等の質問への利用)第一項の規定による裁判長の裁判に対し、異議を述べることができる。
- A party may make an objection to a judicial decision of the presiding judge that has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1), the proviso to paragraph (3) and paragraph (4) of Article 132-3 (Order of Asking Questions), paragraph (4) of Article 132-4 (Limitation of Question), the preceding Article (Questions by Expert Witness, etc.) and the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 116 (Use of Document, etc. in Questions) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 134 (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions Concerning Examination of Witness).
- 内容は、発句382句(芭蕉41句、去来25句、宝井其角25句、凡兆42句)、連句歌仙4巻(去来、芭蕉、凡兆、中村史邦4吟1巻。凡兆、芭蕉、去来3吟1巻。凡兆、芭蕉、岡田野水、去来4吟1巻。芭蕉、川井乙州、浜田珍碩、素男その他1巻)、幻住庵記、几右日記をおさめ、これに其角序、内藤丈草跋が付く。
- It contains 382 hokku (41 poems by Basho, 25 by Kyorai, 25 by Kikaku TAKARAI, 42 by Boncho) and 4 volumes of Renku Kasen (thirty-six verse comic linked verse) (1 volume by Kyorai, Basho, Boncho, and Fumikuni NAKAMURA; 1 volume by Boncho, Basho, and Kyorai; 1 volume by Boncho, Basho, Yasui OKADA, and Kyorai; 1 volume by Basho, Otokuni KAWAI, Chinseki HAMADA, 素男, and others), Genjuan ki, Kiyu Diary, a preface written by Kikaku and a postscript by Joso NAITO.
- 平将門の乱において平将門が国司襲撃という公に対する反逆行為に出るまで鎮圧を行わなかったこと(逆に私戦を行って秩序を乱している点では対立する平貞盛なども同一であり、将門の乱初期においては将門に貞盛追討が命じられたこともある)や後三年の役において源義家の配下に恩賞を与えなかった事がその例である。
- One of the examples is that TAIRA no Masakado's War was not suppressed until TAIRA no Masakado staged a rebellious act attacking a provincial governor (although TAIRA no Sadamori on the opposing side was similar in that he had disturbed the peace and at the beginning of Masakado's War he had been ordered to hunt down and kill Sadamori), and another example is that, for the Go Sannen no Eki (Later Three-Year Campaign), reward grants were not given to the subordinates of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie.
- 日本弁護士連合会は、登録請求をした者が、弁護士会若しくは日本弁護士連合会の秩序若しくは信用を害するおそれがあるとき、又は次の各号のいずれかに該当し、外国法事務弁護士の職務を行わせることがその適正を欠くおそれがあるときは、外国法事務弁護士登録審査会の議決に基づき、その登録を拒絶することができる。
- In cases where there is a reasonable possibility that a person requesting the registration would damage the order or reputation of the bar association or the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, or where he/she falls under any of the following items and there is a reasonable possibility that it would be inappropriate to permit him/her to perform professional duties as a registered foreign lawyer, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations may refuse his/her registration, based on resolution of the Registered Foreign Lawyers Registration Screening Board;
- 自らが能書家としても知られる唐の太宗 (唐)が王羲之の書道を愛し、その殆ど全てを集めたが、蘭亭序だけは手に入らず、最後には家臣に命じて、王羲之の子孫にあたる僧の智永の弟子である弁才の手から騙し取らせ、自らの陵墓である昭陵 (唐)に他の作品とともに副葬させた話は、唐の何延之の『蘭亭記』に載っている。
- The 'Ranteiki' written by 何延之 in Tang says that Taiso (Tang tai zong), who was known as a noshoka (master of calligraphy) and loved Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy so much, collected all of his works except for the Ranteijo, and ordered his vassal to steal it from Bensai, who was a disciple of Wang Xi-Zhi's descendant priest CHI Ei, as a last resort and buried it in his own imperial mausoleum Shoryo (Tang) and other Wang Xi-Zhi's works.
- 国は、海に囲まれ、かつ、主要な資源の大部分を輸入に依存する我が国の経済社会にとって、海洋資源の開発及び利用、海上輸送等の安全が確保され、並びに海洋における秩序が維持されることが不可欠であることにかんがみ、海洋について、我が国の平和及び安全の確保並びに海上の安全及び治安の確保のために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State, in consideration of the fact that, for the economy and society of our State, surrounded by the oceans and dependent on import for major portion of the resources, it is essential to secure the development and use of the marine resources, the safety of the maritime transport and others as well as to maintain the order in the oceans, with regard to the oceans, shall take necessary measures to secure the peace and safety of our State as well as to secure the maritime safety and public order.
- これに対して興膳宏は、東・西、と北・南で巻題の命名に対応関係が見られること(とくに東・西の巻ではそれぞれ巻頭に小序が付されていてそれが顕著である)、また体裁の面でも東・西の巻が諸家の論を空海自身の裁量で取捨しているのに対し、南・北の巻ではそのままの形で引用されていることが多いなど、対になっているのは明らかだとしている。
- In response to this, Hiroshi KOZEN explained that evidently pairs were made, as the titles of the volume corresponded to each other such as East against West, and North against South (particularly the volumes of East and West were noticeable because they had small prefaces in the beginning), and concerning the format, in the volumes of East and West Kukai selected each family's comments on his own discretion, while in the volumes of South and North they were cited as they were.
- 社会不安の高まりと相次ぐ災害に憂慮をした一条天皇及び内覧左大臣藤原道長を中心とした朝廷は、7月11日、内裏の再建を決定するとともに、神仏の信仰を通じた社会不安の沈静化と法規制の強化による秩序の回復を目指して仏神事違例(仏事・神事における違反)と制美服行約倹事(服装の贅沢禁止)に関する審議が行われた(『小右記』・『権記』)。
- The Imperial Court, including Emperor Ichijo and nairan sadaijin (minister of the left who has a right to read and deal with documents before reporting to the Emperor from Daijokan, the Great Council of State) FUJIWARA no Michinaga, was so concerned about growing social unrest and a series of disasters that it decided to rebuild the dairi on July 11 and discussed unconventionality in the Buddhist and the Shinto rituals as well as a ban on luxurious dressing, in order to subdue social unrest through a belief in God and to restore order by reinforcing control. ('Shoyuki' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary))
- 農林水産大臣は、第一項 の規定により許可又は起業の認可をしなければならない申請に係る船舶の隻数が前条第一項の規定により公示した船舶の隻数を超える場合において、その申請の うちに次に掲げる申請があるときは、前項の規定にかかわらず、その申請に対して、次の順序に従つて、他の申請に優先して許可又は起業の認可をしなければな らない。
- In the case where the number of boats pertaining to the applications for which permissions or approvals of business commencement shall be granted pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) exceeds the number of boats publicly notified pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, if the applications include the following applications, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister shall grant permissions or approvals of business commencement for the following applications in the following order in preference to the other applications, notwithstanding of the provision of the preceding paragraph.
- 合議体の審理が長時日にわたることの予見される場合においては、補充の裁判官が審理に立ち会い、その審理中に合議体の裁判官が審理に関与することができなくなつた場合において、あらかじめ定める順序に従い、これに代つて、その合議体に加わり審理及び裁判をすることができる。但し、補充の裁判官の員数は、合議体の裁判官の員数を越えることができない。
- When the trial of a panel is expected to continue for a long time, one or more supplementary judges may attend the proceedings, and should one or more judge of a panel become unable to take part in the proceeding, the supplementary judge or judges may, in the order determined in advance, join the panel to conduct proceedings and give judicial decisions in the place of the absent judge or judges; provided, however, that the number of supplementary judges shall not exceed that of the judges of the panel.
- 主務大臣は、 第一項の規定により登録事務を行う協会に所属する商品取引員の登録外務員が第二百四条第一項第一号又は第二号に該当するにもかかわらず、当該協会が同項に 規定する措置をしない場合において、商品市場における秩序を維持し、又は委託者を保護するため必要かつ適当であると認めるときは、同項に規定する措置をすることを命ずることができる。
- When an Association which processes Registration Affairs pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) fails to take a measure under Article 204, paragraph (1) regardless of the fact that that a Registered Sales Representative of a Futures Commission Merchant which belongs to said Association falls under item (i) or item (ii) of the same paragraph, if the competent minister finds it necessary and appropriate for maintaining order on the Commodity Market or for protecting customers, he/she may order the Association to take such measure under the same paragraph.
- 外国漁船の船長は、前条の規定にかかわらず、特定漁獲物等(外国漁船によるその本邦への陸揚げ等によつて我が国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障が生じ又は生ずるおそれがあると認められる漁獲物等で政令で定めるものをいう。以下第六条第五項において同じ。)を本邦に陸揚げし、又は他の船舶に転載することを目的として、当該外国漁船を本邦の港に寄港させてはならない。
- Captains of foreign fishing vessels shall not, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding article, have the said foreign fishing vessels call the Japanese ports for the purpose of landing to Japan or transshipping to other vessels, of the 'specified catches' which means, as provided by Cabinet Ordinance, those catches that have or likely to have a risk of harm to preservation of normal order of Japanese fishery by the landing to the Japanese ports. The same shall apply to paragraph 5 of Article 6.
- 主務大臣は、 商品市場において、買占め、売崩しその他の方法により過当な数量の取引が行われ若しくは行われるおそれがあり、又は不当な対価の額若しくは約定価格等が形 成され若しくは形成されるおそれがある場合において、商品市場における秩序を維持し、かつ、公益を保護するため必要があると認めるときは、会員等に対し、商品市場における取引又はその受託を制限することができる。
- When an excessive volume of transactions is carried out or is likely to be carried out through cornering, bear raids or any other method or an unfair amount of consideration or Contract Price, etc. is formed or is likely to be formed on a Commodity Market, if the competent minister finds it necessary in order to maintain order on the Commodity Market and to protect the public interest, he/she may impose restrictions against a Member, etc. with regard to Transactions on a Commodity Market or the brokerage of such transactions.
- また古事記の序文などにはそれぞれ名前は微妙に異なるものの、ほとんどの場合に『帝紀』と『旧辞』をはじめとして二つの史書が並べて記されていることなどから、これらは単に別々のものを並べているのではなくもともと組み合わせることを前提に作られた一体のものであり、二つの史書を組み合わせた中国の紀伝体とは異なる「日本式の紀伝体」とでもいうべき形態が存在するのではないかとする見方もある。
- Also, from the fact that even though the names differ slightly, in the introduction of the Kojiki, usually it is recorded with two history books set side by side like the 'Teiki' and 'Kyuji,' there is a viewpoint that they were not just separate Records, but was originally written with the premise that these would be combined to make one Record, and it exists as a 'Japanese style biographical historiography' different from the Chinese biographical historiography which combines two history books,
- And since two history books, 'Teiki' and 'Kyuji' are mentioned alongside each other in most cases, having slightly different names in the introduction of 'Kojiki' or others, there is an opinion that these were not simply mentioned alongside each other, but united originally for being combined, and that there might have existed a form we can call 'Japanese style Kidentai (biographical historiography),' different from Chinese Kidentai combining two history books.
- 国際連盟事務局からの海外領土等の名称及び順序に関する照会に対し、外務省は1930年8月、朝鮮(英語:Chosen)・台湾(英称:Taiwan)・樺太(英称:Karafuto)・関東州租借地(英称:The leased Territory of Kwantung)・日本国委任統治南洋群島(英称:The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate)と回答している。
- In response to an inquiry about the names and rank orders of the overseas territories from the Office of League of Nations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Korea (English name: Chosen), Taiwan (English name: Taiwan), Sakhalin (English name: Karafuto), The Kwantung Leased Territory (English name: The leased Territory of Kwantung), and the South Sea Islands Mandate (English name: The South Sea Islands under Japanese Mandate) were the overseas territories.
- 第百八十四条の四第一項に規定する明細書及び図面の中の説明の翻訳文に記載した事 項、同項に規定する請求の範囲の翻訳文(同条第二項に規定する翻訳文が提出された場合にあつては、当該翻訳文)及び同条第四項に規定する翻訳文に記載した 事項、図面(図面の中の説明を除く。)の内容並びに要約の翻訳文に記載した事項(特許公報に掲載することが公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがあると 特許庁長官が認めるものを除く。)
- the matters stated in the translations of the description and the descriptive text in the drawing(s) as provided in Article 184-4(1); the matters stated in the translation of the scope of claim(s) (in the case where a translation has been submitted under paragraph (2) of the said Article, the said translation); the matters stated in the translation under paragraph (4) of the said Article; the contents of the drawing(s) (excluding the descriptive text in the drawing(s)); and the matters stated in the translation of the abstract (excluding matters, recognized by the Commissioner of the Patent Office, to be liable to contravene public order or morality by stating those in the patent gazette);
- 特許庁長官は、前項の規定により同項各号に掲げる事項を掲載した商標公報(以下「商標掲載公報」という。)の発行の日から二月間、特許庁において出願書類及びその附属物件を公衆の縦覧に供しなければならない。ただし、個人の名誉又は生活の平穏を害するおそれがある書類又は物件及び公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがある書類又は物件であつて、特許庁長官が秘密を保持する必要があると認めるものについては、この限りでない。
- The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall make application documents and their annexed articles available for public inspection at the Patent Office for two months from the date of issuance of the trademark bulletin containing matters listed in each item of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as 'bulletin containing the trademark') pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply to documents or articles that are likely to damage the reputation or disturb the peaceful existence of an individual or to cause damage to public policy, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office finds necessary to be kept confidential.
- 大相撲力士のKONISHIKI、プロ野球選手のボブ・ホーナー、グラビアアイドルのリア・ディゾン、演歌歌手のジェロのようにアメリカから来日して日本でブームを巻き起こした人物や、日本市場に参入する外国企業、iPhoneのような海外からの新たな商品なども、安定していた業界を席巻し、また業界の秩序自体にも不可逆の変化をもたらし、時には日本側の強い抵抗を引き起こすことなどから、それぞれの業界の黒船と呼ばれることがある。
- The term 'Kuro-bune (black ship)' is also used for people who come from abroad and create news and/or start a new fad (such as sumo wrestler KONISHIKI, professional baseball player Bob HORNER, centerfold model Leah DIZON, and enka singer JERO), a foreign business that makes a break in the Japanese business market, new products that are brought to Japan from other countries (such as the iPhone), or anything that takes a stable market by storm, bring irreversible changes to a particular market and that at times may receive strong oppositiion from within Japan.
- これは、当時の武士(特に御家人)が巻き込まれ易かったのは、地頭として治める荘園における荘園領主である公家との揉め事であり、こうした揉め事から武士を救うには公家法を中心に動いていた当時の法秩序の概要を平易に説いて理解させ、武家社会との調和を図るために御成敗式目は制定されたもので、武家法の体系化や武家法に基づく新秩序形成を目的としたわけではなく、少なくても公家法の存在を前提とし、かつ形式的な模範・素材であったとしている。
- Samurai (especially shogunal retainers) at that time were easily involved in problems with court nobles who were lords of private estates where they (samurai) worked as jito; Goseibai-shikimoku was established in order to save samurai from such problems by making them understand the summary of legal order of the time centered in the kugeho and by working in harmony with the samurai society, therefore the reason was not to systemize the bukeho or to make a new order of law based on the bukeho; the kugeho was said to be still the base and was regarded as a formal model and material.
- 当初、こうした政策は元寇などによって混乱する社会秩序の回復を図りたい鎌倉幕府の政策と軌を一にするもの(安達泰盛による幕政改革も「弘安徳政」と呼ばれている)であったが、やがて徳政の本格化とともに朝廷の威信回復の考えが旧体制(鎌倉幕府以前への)復帰を模索する動きに結び付けられるようになると、鎌倉幕府は皇位継承における両統迭立政策を名目とした政治介入を行い、亀山・伏見両上皇の院政停止を行った事から朝幕間に緊張状態を生み、やがて後醍醐天皇の親政に至ってついに鎌倉幕府に対する討幕運動へと転化することになったのである。
- Initially, these reforms were in agreement with the Kamakura bakufu's policies to recover public order after confusion due to Mongolian attempts to invade Japan, etc. (the bakufu reforms by Yasumori ADACHI are also called 'Koan-Tokusei'), but when the scale of tokusei was enlarged and consideration of reversion to the old system (before the Kamakura bakufu) became linked with the idea of recovering the authority of the Imperial Court, the Kamakura bakufu used Ryoto tetsuritsu policies for the Imperial succession as a reason to intervene politically and terminated the cloistered governments of Retired Emperors Kameyama and Fushimi, causing tension between the bakufu and the Imperial Court, leading to Emperor Godaigo's direct governance, which eventually transformed into the movement to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.
- さらには、当時の政治社会情勢からイスラム勢力の侵攻によるインド仏教の崩壊が予見されていたため、最後の密教経典である時輪タントラ(カーラ・チャクラ)の中でイスラムの隆盛とインド仏教の崩壊、インド仏教復興迄の期間(末法時代)は密教によってのみ往来が可能とされる秘密の仏教国土・理想郷シャンバラの概念、シャンバラの第32代の王となるルドラ・チャクリン(転輪聖王)、ルドラ・チャクリンによる侵略者(イスラム教徒)への反撃、ルドラ・チャクリンが最終戦争で悪の王とその支持者を破壊する予言、そして未来におけるインド仏教の復興、地上における秩序の回復、世界の調和と平和の到来、等が説かれた。
- Additionally, since Indian Buddhism was expected to collapse under the Muslim invasion in the political and social situation at that time, the Kala cakra tantra (the last Mikkyo sutra) described the following: the flourishing of Islam; the collapse of Indian Buddhism, a concept of Shambhala; a secret Buddhist land and Utopia, which could be reached only through Mikkyo during the period before the revival of Indian Buddhism (the Age of Final Dharma); Raja Cakravarti (ルドラ・チャクリン(転輪聖王)), who became the thirty-second king of Shambhala; a counterattack by Raja Cakravarti against the invaders (Muslims); the prediction that Raja Cakravarti would destroy the king of evil and his supporters in the final war; the revival of Indian Buddhism in the future; the return to order on earth; the coming of the harmonization and peace of the world, and so on.
- 都道府県は、都市計画区域外の区域のうち、相当数の建築物その他の工作物(以下「建築物等」という。)の建築若しくは建設又はこれらの敷地の造成が現に行われ、又は行われると見込まれる区域を含み、かつ、自然的及び社会的条件並びに農業振興地域の整備に関する法律(昭和四十四年法律第五十八号)その他の法令による土地利用の規制の状況その他国土交通省令で定める事項に関する現況及び推移を勘案して、そのまま土地利用を整序し、又は環境を保全するための措置を講ずることなく放置すれば、将来における一体の都市としての整備、開発及び保全に支障が生じるおそれがあると認められる一定の区域を、準都市計画区域として指定することができる。
- The Prefectures may designate as quasi-city planning areas those areas outside of city planning areas in which the construction of a considerable number of buildings and other structures (hereinafter referred to as 'buildings etc.') or land preparation is actually conducted, including areas in which construction is scheduled, giving due consideration to natural and social conditions, the current situation of land use regulations set forth in the Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas (Act No. 58 of 1969), and the current situation and developments concerning other matters stipulated in Ordinances of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and where it is recognized that that future integrated city improvement, development and preservation risks hindrance if measures are not taken to organize land use or conserve the environment.
- 都市計画区域について定められる都市計画(区域外都市施設に関するものを含む。次項において同じ。)は、国土形成計画、首都圏整備計画、近畿圏整備計画、中部圏開発整備計画、北海道総合開発計画、沖縄振興計画その他の国土計画又は地方計画に関する法律に基づく計画(当該都市について公害防止計画が定められているときは、当該公害防止計画を含む。第三項において同じ。)及び道路、河川、鉄道、港湾、空港等の施設に関する国の計画に適合するとともに、当該都市の特質を考慮して、次に掲げるところに従つて、土地利用、都市施設の整備及び市街地開発事業に関する事項で当該都市の健全な発展と秩序ある整備を図るため必要なものを、一体的かつ総合的に定めなければならない。この場合においては、当該都市における自然的環境の整備又は保全に配慮しなければならない。
- City plans stipulated for city planning areas (including those concerning out-of-area facilities; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) shall conform to the National Spatial Plan, the National Capital Region Development Plan, the Kinki Region Development Plan, the Chubu Region Development Plan, the Hokkaido Comprehensive Development Plan, the Okinawa Promotion Plan and any other plans based on Acts concerning national plans or regional plans (including pollution prevention plans if they have been stipulated for said cities; the same shall apply in paragraph (3)) and national plans for roads, rivers, railways, ports, airports and other facilities; and they must, in consideration of the said city's characteristics, uniformly and comprehensively stipulate matters concerning land use, urban facility construction and urban development projects required for the sound and orderly development of said cities in accordance with the following provisions. In such cases, consideration must be given to the improvement in preservation of the natural environment in said cities.
- 第百三十一条第 一項、第百三十一条の二第一項本文、第百三十二条第一項及び第二項、第百三十三条、第百三十三条の二、第百三十四条第一項、第三項及び第四項、第百三十五 条、第百三十六条第一項及び第二項、第百三十七条第二項、第百三十八条、第百三十九条(第六号を除く。)、第百四十条から第百四十四条まで、第百四十四条 の二第一項及び第三項から第五項まで、第百四十五条第二項から第五項まで、第百四十六条、第百四十七条第一項及び第二項、第百五十条第一項から第五項ま で、第百五十一条から第百五十四条まで、第百五十五条第一項、第百五十七条並びに第百六十九条第三項、第四項及び第六項の規定は、第一項の判定に準用す る。この場合において、第百三十五条中「審決」とあるのは「決定」と、第百四十五条第二項中「前項に規定する審判以外の審判」とあるのは「判定の審理」 と、同条第五項ただし書中「公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害するおそれがあるとき」とあるのは「審判長が必要があると認めるとき」と、第百五十一条中「第百四 十七条」とあるのは「第百四十七条第一項及び第二項」と、第百五十五条第一項中「審決が確定するまで」とあるのは「判定の謄本が送達されるまで」と読み替 えるものとする。
- Articles 131(1), the main clause of 131-2(1), 132(1) and (2), 133, 133-2, 134(1), (3) and (4), 135, 136(1) and (2), 137(2), 138, 139 (excluding (vi)), 140 to 144, 144-2(1) and (3) to (5), 145(2) to (5), 146, 147(1) and (2), 150(1) to (5), 151 to 154, 155(1), 157 and 169(3), (4) and (6) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the advisory opinion under paragraph (1). In this case, the term 'trial decision' in Article 135 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'ruling', the term 'trial other than the trial under the preceding paragraph' in Article 145(2) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'proceedings for advisory opinion', the term 'where public order or morality is liable to be injured thereby' in the proviso to Article 145(5) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'where the chief trial examiner considers it necessary', the term 'Article 147' in Article 151 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Article 147(1) and (2)', the term 'before a trial decision becomes final and binding' in Article 155(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'before the certified copy of the written advisory opinion is served'.