年代: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 年代
- age
- era
- period
- date
- Toshiyo
- Toshiro
- Nendai
- decade
- An age
- 年代順
- chronological order
- chronologically
- 年代記
- annals
- chronicle
- chronology
- Chronicles
- 同年代
- the same generation
- coeval
- 年代順。
- Listed in chronological order:
- 編纂年代
- The year of compilation
- 年代測定
- Dating (of rocks)
- age determination
- Absolute dating
- Dating methods
- 絶対年代
- absolute age
- Geochronology
- 地質年代
- geological time
- Geologic Time Scale
- geochronology
- geological age
- 年代効果
- age effectiveness
- age-effectiveness
- 年代決定
- age determination
- aging
- 年代記作家
- chronicler
- Chroniclers
- 年輪年代学
- tree-ring chronology
- Dendrochronology
- 古墳の年代
- Historical Age of the Tumulus
- 年代大正9年
- Completed in 1920
- Era: 1920
- 年代大正4年
- Completed in 1915
- Era: 1915
- 年代明治7年
- Completed in 1874
- Era: 1874
- 放射年代測定
- radiometric dating
- 年代層序区分
- chronostratigraphic classification
- 地質年代区分
- geochronologic division
- C-14年代
- 14C date
- C-14 date
- radiocarbon date
- 堆積層年代学
- alluvial chronology
- 年輪年代測定
- Method of Measuring the Age from Tree Rings
- 年代明治中期
- Age: Around 1883 to 1897
- Era: in the middle of the Meiji period
- 放射性年代測定
- radiometric dating
- 成立年代不詳。
- The year of creation is unknown.
- 作者・成立年代
- Who wrote it and when
- 創祀年代不詳。
- It is not unknown when it was built.
- The first enshrinement date is unknown.
- 年代明治20年
- Completed in 1887
- Era: 1887
- 年代明治19年
- Completed in 1886
- Era: 1886
- 年代明治23年
- Completed in 1890
- Era: 1890
- 年代明治27年
- Completed in 1894
- Era: 1894
- 製作年代・伝来
- The production period and the transmission
- 制作年代・作者
- Date of creation and the artist
- 放射能年代測定
- radiometric dating
- radioactive dating
- 地下水年代測定
- dating of ground-water
- 画風・作者・年代
- Painting style, author, date
- 1990年代以降
- In the 1990s and later
- Since the 1990s
- 16号文書の年代
- Year when Document No. 16 was created
- 創建年代は不明。
- It is unknown when this shrine was founded.
- 年代、作者不明。
- The year and the sculptor are unknown.
- 創祀年代は不詳。
- It is unknown when the shrine was established.
- The first enshrinement date is unknown.
- 創建創祀年代不詳
- The history behind the founding of the shrine and the enshrinement of the deities are unknown.
- 放射分析年代測定
- radiogenic age determination
- radiogenic aging
- radiogenic dating
- 2000年代中盤
- The middle of the 2000's:
- 原子核年代測定法
- nucleochronology
- 1920年代の美術
- Art in the 1920s
- 1990年代~現在
- From the 1990s until now
- 60年代への後戻り
- throwback to the 60s
- 放射性炭素年代測定
- radiocarbon dating
- carbon-14 dating
- ラセミ化年代測定法
- racemization dating method
- 書写の年代によるもの
- Date of transcription by handwriting
- 『アカーシャ年代記』
- 'Akasha Chronicle'
- 稲荷社-建立年代不明
- Inari-sha Shrine: The date of construction is unknown.
- 公伝年代をめぐる諸説
- Various theories on the year of official introduction
- 放射性炭素年代測定法
- radiocarbon dating
- 14C dating
- C-14 dating
- carbon-14 dating
- 著者、成立年代、不詳。
- The author and the year of creation are unknown.
- 切断した年代によるもの
- Date of cutting
- 創立年代は不詳である。
- The specific time of the shrine's founding is unknown.
- 創祀年代は不詳である。
- The first enshrinement date is unknown.
- 黒曜石水和層年代測定法
- obsidian hydration dating
- 年代印は打たれていない。
- There was no casting era name engraved on it.
- 創建の年代は不詳である。
- The year of its founding is unknown.
- 創立の年代は不詳である。
- t is unknown when this shrine was founded.
- The year of the shrine's founding is unknown.
- 1800年代初頭の人物。
- He was a person who lived in the early 1800s.
- (年代の後は満年齢を示す)
- (Age is indicated after year.)
- 創立の年代等は不詳である。
- The time in which the shrine was founded is unknown.
- 創建の年代等は不詳である。
- It is unknown in which era the shrine was established.
- 竣工 - 明治30年代後半
- The completion of the buildings: 1903 to 1906
- 1980年代に閉鎖された。
- The hotel closed in the 1980's.
- 明治時代から1980年代まで
- In the era from the Meiji period to the 1980s
- 承和年間(840年代)の作。
- It was crafted in the year 840.
- 創建年代や祭神には諸説ある。
- There are many theories regarding the year of built and enshrined deities.
- 製作年代は特定されていない。
- The date when the book was completed is yet to be identified.
- 米では1970年代に現れたが
- inituitionalization
- 成立年代不明、奈良時代前期か。
- The date of compilation is unknown, probably in the early Nara Period.
- 正確な創建の年代は不詳である。
- The precise date of its founding is unknown.
- フィッショントラック年代測定法
- fission track dating method
- 成立年代や筆者はそれぞれ異なる。
- The pieces were written by different authors at various times.
- 彼女は1950年代の生まれです。
- She was born in the 1950s.
- 陰陽師 700年代(慶雲年間)。
- Onmyoji in the 700's.
- 越中谷1980年代の新興住宅地。
- The Ecchudani residential area was developed in the 1980s.
- 漏刻博士 700年代(慶雲年間)。
- Rokoku hakase in the 700's.
- 佐藤義清:秀郷流で平清盛と同年代。
- Norikiyo SATO: Lineage of Hidesato, and same age group as TAIRA no Kiyomori.
- 1990年代は湾岸戦争で始まった。
- The 1990s began with the Gulf War.
- 1990年代は湾岸紛争で始まった。
- The 1990s began with the Gulf incident.
- いずれも1960年代まで使われた。
- They all were used until the 1960's.
- 自分が同じ年代の子供を持っている。
- I have children of about the same age.
- 唯一筆者と成立年代が確認されている。
- It is the only story whose author and year of writing are identified.
- 九〇年代にはいろんな事件が起こった。
- The 1990's saw various incidents.
- 卒業論文は「室生寺建立年代の研究」。
- His graduation thesis was 'Study of construction date of Muro-ji Temple.'
- 描かれた景観は1540年代とされる。
- It is said that the scenery depicted was of the 1540s.
- 箸墓古墳のほうが、年代的に先行する。
- This tumulus was constructed later than the Hashihaka tumulus.
- 980年代天王寺別当をつとめたという。
- In the 980s, he served the Tenno-ji Temple as betto (the head priest).
- 篆刻の作風は年代とともに推移が激しい。
- His seal engraving style underwent constant change over the years.
- 土器編年による年代は西暦300年前後。
- The date estimated by the chronology is before or after 300.
- 同年代の他の戦国大名と類似する点は多い。
- He shared many characteristics with other warring daimyo lords of his age.
- 創建年代などの起源ははっきりしていない。
- Both the time of the shrine's founding and the details of its origin are clear.
- 誰も1990年代に何が起こるか知らない。
- No one knows what will happen in the 1990's.
- その機関は1960年代後半に設立された。
- The institution was established in the late 1960s.
- 職掌・組織・設置年代などはそれぞれ異なる。
- Each bugyosho had different official duties, organization and year of foundation.
- 他方、新しい年代観に懐疑的な研究者もいる。
- On the other hand, there are some researchers who have doubts about the new estimated date of the beginning of the sovereignty.
- 彼は1950年代にソビエト連邦へ逃亡した。
- He defected to the Soviet Union in the 1950's.
- このつぼの年代を決めるのはたいへん難しい。
- It is very hard to date this vase.
- 四十代は危険な年代だと世間では言っている。
- They say the forties are the dangerous ages.
- 1950〜60年代が漫才の全盛期であった。
- The 1950's and 60's were the heyday of manzai.
- 年代的には300年前後の製作と考えられる。
- It is considered that they were made in around 300.
- 一代要記(いちだいようき)は、年代記の一つ。
- Ichidai Yoki is one of the chronicles.
- 作者・成立年代も不明で、諸説入り乱れている。
- Neither the author nor the date of writing is known, and opposing theories abound.
- 昭和30年代になると前衛短歌運動がおこった。
- During the late 1950's and early 1960's, the avant-garde movement for tanka poetry begins.
- 『今昔物語集』の成立年代と作者は不明である。
- It is still unclear when and by whom 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past' was compiled.
- 1950〜60年代に一世を風靡したシンガー。
- A singer who gained much popularity in the 1950s and 60s.
- 1990年代後半以降になると更に動きが出た。
- Since the last half of 1990s, further active movements appeared.
- 2000年代現在ではあまり見られなくなった。
- As a result, one can hardly see the vinyl made container as of the 2000s.
- 1960年代を駆け抜けた白人ブルースシンガー
- Janis Joplin
- 編纂年代順に、次の5度の編纂が確認されている。
- The following five editions were confirmed by the year of the compilation.
- 年代順の詳細な経過については幕末の年表を参照。
- See the timetable of the Bakumatsu for detailed chronological accounts.
- 穴師大兵主神社については鎮座年代は不詳である。
- It is uncertain when Anashi-Daihyozu-jinja Shrine was founded.
- なお、1800年代初頭の交代寄合は以下の通り。
- Composition of Kotaiyoriai in the early 1800s:
- ドイツは1880年代に社会保障制度を採用した。
- Germany adopted a social security system in the 1880's.
- 周辺は1970年代以降に発達した住宅地である。
- The area around the station is a residential district that has developed since the 1970s.
- この仏像の年代は正確に推定することができない。
- This Buddhist image cannot be dated exactly.
- 年代は、7世紀中葉から7世紀末葉と考えられる。
- The age can be thought to be from the middle seventh century to the late seventh century.
- しかし、畿内と九州の年代の併行関係が是正された。
- However the parallel relationship of the Kinai and Kyushu periods were corrected.
- 私と同年代の人は皆これについて同じ考え方をする。
- People of my generation all think the same way about this.
- 1990年代に科学技術はおおいに進歩するだろう。
- Technology will make a lot of progress in the nineties.
- その研究所が設立されたのは1960年代後半です。
- The research institute was established in the late 1960s.
- 記紀とは年代や争いがあったかどうかなどが異なる。
- The descriptions of ages and whether there was contention or not in the fudoki are not necessarily consistent with those of Kojiki or Nihonshoki.
- 70年代は103系の時代(1968~1982年)
- The 70's, the age of type 103 (1968 - 1982)
- この説となると高松塚古墳は奈良時代の年代となる。
- If this theory is true, the Takamatsuzuka Tomb is of the Nara Period.
- 1560年代の前半より元就は度々体調を崩していた。
- Motonari had been often sick since the early 1560s.
- 1240年代 径山の無準師範に参じ、その法を嗣ぐ。
- In 1240s, he joined Wuzhun Shifan (Bujun Shihan) in Jingshan, and succeeded the tradition.
- 各巻は、年代順や部類別、国別などに配列されている。
- The volumes are organized systematically, such as in chronological order, or according to categories or provinces.
- 中世以降の度々の戦禍により創祀の年代・由緒は不詳。
- The history of the shrines is unknown because of the war devastations during and after the medieval period.
- なお、この横穴墓の築造年代は7世紀前半と思われる。
- Furthermore, it is likely that this horizontal cave tomb was constructed in the early seventh century.
- 成立年代も不明であまり世のなかに広まった様子はない。
- The year of completion is unknown, and it does not seem to have been circulated widely.
- 1910年代、日本の国内政治で新しい潮流が誕生した。
- In the 1910s, a new stream of politics was born in Japan.
- 放射性炭素年代測定法によれば14,300年前である。
- Radioactive carbon dating shows that it dates back to 14300 years ago.
- 1960年代に入ると勝新太郎、田宮二郎が頭角を現す。
- In the 1960s, actors Shintaro KATSU and Jiro TAMIYA rose to stardom.
- 大地震が東京を破壊したのは1920年代のことだった。
- It was in the 1920s that a big earthquake destroyed Tokyo.
- 小型車の運用は1990年代後半頃より設定されている。
- This small bus operation has been practiced since the last half of 1990s.
- 馬頭観音坐像(制作年代不詳) 下田市白浜共同墓地入口
- Seated statue of Bato Kannon (year of making unknown); in the entrance of public cemetery, Shirahama, Shimoda City
- 設備面では、1970年代後半から近代化が進められた。
- The modernization of maintenance started to progress in the late 1970s.
- 京都における正教会伝道の歴史は1880年代に始まる。
- The history of missionary work of the Orthodox Church in Kyoto dates back to 1880's.
- 第二寮はその後1970年代に京田辺校地に移築された。
- The second dormitory was moved and reconstructed at Kyotanabe-kochi in 1970's.
- The second dormitory was rebuilt at Kyotanabe Campus in the 1970's.
- 承久記は異本が多く、諸本によって成立年代には差がある。
- There are many variant manuscripts of Jokyuki, and the year of completion is different among them.
- このあたりの年次は実年代を反映しているとも考えられる。
- It can also be thought that the date around this period reflected the real date.
- 「バジリスク」では年代を考慮し四代目ということに変更)
- In 'Basilisk', he was introduced as the fourth Hanzo, changed based on the time period of the cartoon.)
- 『古都』(こと)は、川端康成の昭和30年代前半の小説。
- 'Koto' is a novel written by Yasunari KAWABATA between 1950 and 1955.
- 『ウラ・リンダの書』(『ウラ・リンダ年代記』ともいう)
- 'Oera Linda Book' (also called 'Oera-Linda Chronicle')
- 1900年代 日系移民による土地の開墾と入植が始まる。
- Due to Japanese immigration in the decade of 1900, settlements started forming.
- その衰退はざっと1950年代までさかのぼる事が出来る。
- The decline can be traced to the 1950s.
- 1600年代に紅茶はインドからヨーロッパに伝えられた。
- In the 1600s, tea was introduced into Europe from India.
- 年代などから実在は疑わしく架空の人物と考えられている。
- Judging from the era, her existence is questionable and she is considered to be a fictional character.
- 明治時代~昭和50年代まで既婚女性に広く使われた羽織。
- From 1868 to around 1975, the haori coat was widely used by married women.
- 築造年代は古墳時代終末期の7世紀末頃と考えられている。
- It is thought that this tumulus was constructed around the end of the seventh century in the Final Tumulus period.
- (ちなみに年代の錯簡は後者の方が少ないと考えられている)
- (The latter is thought to have less pages chronologically out of order due to binding errors than the former.)
- 各部の先頭はおおよそ年代的に最初の説話で始められている。
- The head of each part is generally the earliest setsuwa in the chronological sense.
- 蹴鞠は600年代、仏教などと共に中国より日本へ渡来した。
- In about 600, kemari was introduced from China to Japan together with the Buddhism etc.
- 製作年代については、研究者や文献により若干の違いがある。
- Concerning the age of production, there are some slight discrepancies in accordance with the researchers and the literature records.
- その一方で1980年代に府外支店の大部分を整理している。
- However, in the 1980s it abolished most of its branches outside Kyoto Prefecture.
- 「白鳳より以来、朱雀以前、年代玄遠にして、尋問明め難し。」
- 'Beginning in the Hakuho ('white firebird' era) and continuing up until the Suzaku (vermilion bird era), the age was shrouded in darkness and distance, and it was very difficult to clarify our questioning.'
- しかし次第に沈静化していき、11世紀40年代には終息した。
- However it became increasingly nominal, ending in the 1040's.
- 1970年代は学生運動の渦中にあり、外人部隊に篭城された。
- It was in the vortex of the student's revolution in the 1970's and it was confined by the foreigner corps.
- 実際は晴明没後(成立年代は諸説ある)に作られたものである。
- In fact, it was created after the death of Seimei (there are various theories as to when it came into existence).
- 1950年代頃まで京都と大阪を結ぶ水運の拠点として栄えた。
- Until around 1950 it was a flourishing port that linked Kyoto and Osaka through water transportation.
- 大部分の施設は昭和40年代に建設されすでに老朽化していた。
- Most of the velodrome facilities were constructed between the late 1950's and the early 1960's and had become too old.
- 上記の箸墓古墳の築造年代は、研究者により多少の前後はある。
- The above-mentioned construction date of Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus varies slightly among scholars.
- 1930年代から日本中世史での学術用語として使用され始めた。
- It was used as an academic term for studies on medieval Japanese History from the 1930's.
- 1970年代には同様なコメントをつけた論説が多く発行された。
- In the 1970s, there were many editorials with similar comments.
- 1930年代以降、日本における「自存自衛」理念と結びついた。
- After the 1930s it was associated with an idea of 'Self-sufficiency and Self-defence' in Japan.
- その後60年代を通じてトニー賞やエミー賞などノミネート多数。
- After that in the 60s, she was nominated for various awards such as the Tony Award and Emmy Award.
- 台湾は1950年代の経済の奇蹟などと呼べるものではなかった。
- Taiwan was far from being any kind of economic miracle in the 1950s.
- フランクフルターは1860年代に初めてアメリカで販売された。
- Frankfurters were first sold in the United States in the 1860s.
- 1960年代に日本の大学生は政府に対して示威運動を起こした。
- In the 1960's, Japanese college students demonstrated against their government.
- 1920年代後半までに女子部は女子師範学校として分離された。
- The women's section was separated as a women's normal school by the latter half of the 1920s.
- しかしながら、1970年代前後は各地で変化にばらつきがある。
- However, the frequency in each area was considerably different in around 1970s.
- 1950年代には数社から、この種の酒が製造・販売されていた。
- Drinks of that kind were produced and sold by several companies in the 1950s.
- 昭和30年代の月島あたりのもんじゃ焼き屋は5店舗程であった。
- Around Tsukishima around 1960, there were about five monjayaki shops.
- 1947年から50年代にかけてのベビーブーム世代に生まれた人
- baby-boomer
- 昭和30年代に途絶えたが昭和61年(1986年)に復活した。
- These events were discontinued in the third decade of the Showa period, but they were revived in 1986.
- この年代は、現在のところ日本出土のものが世界最古とされている。
- The artifacts from Japan are considered to be the oldest ones in the world among the artifacts of this age unearthed so far.
- 本州でこの文化のもっとも古い年代は静岡県休場遺跡から知られる。
- The first appearance date in Honshu is identified by the Yasumiba-iseki Remains in Shizuoka Prefecture.
- 隅木入春日造で建立年代の明らかなものとしては最古のものである。
- They are the oldest of all Sumigiiri Kasuga-zukuri style buildings with confirmed dates of construction.
- 制作年代は甲・乙巻が平安末期、丙・丁巻は鎌倉時代と推定される。
- It is estimated that the first and second volumes were created during the late Heian period and the third and fourth volumes during the Kamakura period.
- 1970年代、日本は自動車産業の分野でアメリカのお株を奪った。
- In the automotive industry of the 1970's, Japan beat the U.S. at its own game.
- なお、1920年代には、大学令による大学が多く設立されている。
- A lot of universities were established by the University Law in the 1920's.
- 以後、1980年代まで、脚本執筆、映画制作と精力的に活動した。
- Hashimoto continued to work actively in screenwriting and film production until the 1980s.
- なお、種頼が郡司として入国した経緯もその年代と同様不明である。
- How Taneyori came to arrive at the Hoki province as the Gunji, the local magistrate, and the date he arrived is unknown.
- 1980年代に半村良の「妖星伝」映画化が同社製作で発表された。
- In the 1980's, Shochiku released a film called 'Yoseiden' written by Ryo HANMURA.
- 1970年代以前は田園地帯だったこの地域は、新しい建物が多い。
- This district was a rural area until the 1970s, so many of the houses there are new.
- 1990年代半ばまで構内踏切があったが、現在は撤去されている。
- A railroad crossing within the premises existed until around the mid-1990s, but eventually it was removed.
- 1950年代、人々の生活に余裕が生まれ娯楽も多様化しはじめた。
- In 1950s, as Japanese people became better off, their recreation began to be diversified.
- なお、描く年代が4番目の『増鏡』との間には13年間の空白がある。
- There is a thirteen-year gap between 'Imakagami' and 'Masukagami,' which is in the fourth with respect to time period covered.
- 律令制導入の動きが本格化したのは、660年代に入ってからである。
- The movement toward the introduction of the Ritsuryo system accelerated in the 660s.
- 京大当局は70年代後半になってこれらの運動基盤の解体に着手した。
- In the late 70's, the authority of Kyoto University stated to destroy such bases of movements.
- 確証はないものの、年代や通称などから国能を指すと比定されている。
- Although it has not been confirmed, the person has been identified as Kuniyoshi through the date and common name.
- しかし、1960年代後半以降は両路線共動きが出て来る様になった。
- But, since the latter half of 1960s, both routes became more active than ever in improving their services.
- この文化がいつ頃から出現するのか、正確な年代はよく分かっていない。
- The exact date of its appearance is not well known.
- 映画不況が始まった1960年代に入ると時代劇は客が入らなくなった。
- In the 1960s the whole Japanese film industry entered a period of recession and period drama became less popular.
- 創建の年代は不詳であるが、社伝では反正天皇の時代の創建としている。
- It is not known with certainty when the shrine was founded but, according to shrine legend, it was founded during the reign of Emperor Hanzei.
- 景正の作品とされるものでも制作年代に疑問を持たれているものもある。
- Even some of those which are regarded as his masterpieces are doubted about the year of making.
- 特に1990年代末期からトンネルのコンクリート剥落事故が多発した。
- In particular, many falling concrete accidents inside tunnels occurred starting towards the end of the 1990s.
- そのうち1帖目から4帖目には日付があるものを年代順にならべてある。
- Among them, the first to fourth books contained the letters with dates arranged in chronological order.
- 昭和30年代になると、そば(中華めん)やうどんを入れるようになる。
- During the 1970s, soba (Chinese noodle) or udon was included.
- 年代鑑定を行っていない模様で生前に描かれたものか否かは不明である。
- It seems that the time of making the portrait has not been examined, and it is unclear whether it was made during his lifetime or not.
- 昭和60年代には、都市文化を基調としたヴィジュアルな表現が登場する。
- During the late 80's, vivid expressions based on urban culture became popular.
- 『明六雑誌』の雑誌体裁は、明治10年代まで学術雑誌のモデルとなった。
- The edit style of 'Meiroku Zasshi' had been a model of academic bulletin until the 10s in the Meiji period.
- 明治30年代には史談会に出席して、幕末当時の貴重な談話を残している。
- In the 1890's, he attended the meetings where the participants talked about historic incidents and some valuable stories of the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate told there have been handed down for generations.
- したがって、天武朝の初め670年代には成立していたと考えられている。
- Therefore, it is considered that the Ryosei province was established in the 670s, the beginning of the Reign of Emperor Tenmu.
- この政権の成立年代は3世紀中葉か末ないし4世紀前半と推測されている。
- The date this regime formed is thought to be about the middle of the third century or the end of the fourth century.
- 以上のことから、前述の天武朝に建立された高市大寺とは年代が合わない。
- For all of these reasons, Daikandai-ji Temple does not chronologically match Takechidai-ji Temple, which was built during the Reign of Emperor Tenmu as mentioned above.
- 創建の年代は不詳であるが、社伝では神代とも神武天皇の御代とも伝える。
- The time in which the shrine was founded is unknown but Shrine legend tells that it was established during the reign of Emperor Jinmu.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、古くは天台宗に属していた。
- Details surrounding the founding of Iwaya-ji Temple including the year in which it was established are unknown but in ancient times it belonged to the Tendai Sect.
- 過去の設置・建設のいきさつから、下記の通りの年代別に概要を説明する。
- A sequence of historical events leading to the establishment and construction of Kaido is outlined below in chronological order.
- そこで、1290年代前半になって確立されたのが次の鎮圧手続きである。
- Thus, in the early 1290s, the following suppression procedure was established.
- 1930年代の恐慌の間、多くの金持ちが株式市場の崩壊で全てを失った。
- During the Depression in the 1930's, many wealthy people lost everything in the stock market crash.
- なお、1990年代以降における学生寮と同志社大学の関係は良好である。
- The relationship between the dormitory and Doshisha University has been positive since the 1990s.
- 1980年代半ばより、駅名にちなんでホームの柱をグレーに塗っている。
- Since around the mid-1980s, the pillars of the platforms have been painted gray, corresponding to the name of the station.
- なお、この音で新幹線がイメージされることは、1980年代以降薄れた。
- By the way, this sound has gradually ceased to bring up images of Shinkansen since the 1980s.
- 1960年代から八瀬遊園発着・鞍馬線直通は各々15分毎が続いていた。
- Since the 1960s, direct trains on the Kurama Line had arrived at and departed from Yase-Yuen Station every 15 minutes.
- さらに1960年代後半期には襲名興行や追善興行のみになってしまった。
- Furthermore, in the latter half of the 1960s the theater was used for kabuki only for performances given in commemoration of actor's succession and memorial performances.
- 昭和40年代になると、関東地方でも屋台での販売が見られるようになる。
- Since around 1965, food wagons selling takoyaki have been observed in the Kanto region.
- その結果、1990年代末期には飲用酒としての販売量が急激に増加した。
- As a result, its sales as an alcoholic beverage increased rapidly toward the end of the 1990s.
- 1340年 - 1370年代、春屋妙葩らにより禅籍多数が出版される。
- 1340 - 1370's: Many Zen books were published by Myoha SHUNOKU and others.
- なお、古伝本系別本であるかどうかは書写年代によって決まるものではない。
- Whether the manuscript belongs to the old traditional line or not does not necessarily depend upon the year of transcription.
- この時、家厳はすでに壮齢の年代であったが、この時期の動静は不明である。
- At this time, he was in the prime of life, but there is no record about how he was doing.
- 後付の逸話であるからこそ、年代の矛盾が出てくると考えるのが自然だろう。
- It is natural to think that since it was an added episode there are some contradictions on dates.
- 年代が明記された『史記』の最古の写本であり、かつ最古の訓点本でもある。
- It was the oldest written copy of 'Shiki' with the date of the transcription clearly marked as well as the oldest Kuntenbon.
- 708年に発行された和同開珎より年代は古く、日本で最初の貨幣とされる。
- It is older than Wado-kaichin issued in 708, therefore it is considered as the oldest coin in Japan.
- 以上の建物のうち特記のないものは寛永年間(1630年代)の建立である。
- The structures mentioned above without annotation were constructed during the Kanei period (in the 1630s).
- 天文博士 701年(大宝 (日本)元年) - 720年代(神亀年間)。
- Tenmon hakase 701 to 720.
- 昭和40年代前半に現在「吉本原法」と呼ばれる内観のスタイルが完成する。
- Before 1970, the style of Naikan that is called 'Yoshimoto Genpo' today had been completed.
- これらは宗教音楽として成立し、作者、作曲年代ともに基本的に不詳である。
- These pieces were brought into being and transmitted as part of a meditative religious practice, and generally speaking, the names of the composers and the dates of composition are unknown.
- このため1980年代以降、第二国立国会図書館を建設する計画が浮上した。
- This led to a plan, after the 1980s, to build the second facility of the NDL.
- 頼盛と重盛は叔父と甥だったが5歳の年齢差で、ほぼ同年代といってよかった。
- Although Yorimori and Shigemori were uncle and nephew, there was only five years separated them in age, and for all practical purposes it can be said that they belonged to the same age group.
- 月形の地には以後監獄はなくなったが1970年代に刑務所の誘致運動が興る。
- Afterward, there was no more prisons on the land of Tsukigata, but after 1970, a movement welcoming the construction of prisons began.
- 著者は福崎正澄とされているがその経歴は不明であり、成立年代も不明である。
- It is considered to be written by Masazumi FUKUZAKI but both his career and the year of creation are unknown.
- 『鎌倉年代記裏書』では「左京権大夫時村朝臣誤りて誅されおわんぬ」とある。
- In 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki' (literally, book-end notes of a chronicle of the Kamakura period), it is described that 'Ason (a title in the Imperial court) Tokimura, Sakyo no gon no daifu (provisional master of the eastern capital offices), was killed by mistake.'
- また新しい年代のものには柄に毛抜形の透かしの入った形状を持つものがある。
- And some of latter form has hilt of tweezers-shaped lacework.
- 創建年代については上述のとおり昌泰3年とするのが一般的だが、異説もある。
- As described above, the year of the temple's founding is generally considered to be 900 but there are alternative theories.
- 種々の学校改革を断行し、1980年代より急激に大学進学実績を伸長させた。
- They carried out various school reforms, and in the 1980s they achieved record numbers of students who went on to the university level.
- 1140年代に、行範と結ばれ、「たつたはら(立田原)の女房」とよばれた。
- During the 1140s, she was married to Yukinori and began to be called Tatsutahara no nyobo (the wife of Tatsutahara).
- 1970年代以降は作品を撮れない時期も長く、不遇の鬼才という側面もある。
- Since the 1970s, he had to live a long period of time in which he was not able to shoot the films, and therefore, he had a certain aspect of unfortunate genius.
- 戸川達安の妻の父である「長船紀伊守」とは年代的に父の越中守貞親のことか。
- Considering the age, 'Osafune Kii no kami', the father of Tatsuyasu TOGAWA's wife, might be his father Ecchu no kami Sadachika.
- 1980年代ごろには、日中の北側留置線には103系電車が留置されていた。
- In the 1980s, JNR/JR Commuter Trains Series 103 were stored at the north-side storage track during the daytime.
- 1960年代から尺八はクラシック音楽の現代音楽で使用されるようになった。
- Starting from about the 1960s, the shakuhachi began to be adopted in compositions of modern classical music.
- 1960年代に同志社大学などにより調査が行われ、約130基が調査された。
- When the investigations by Doshisha University and others were carried out in 1960s, about 130 tumuli were investigated.
- 奈良・興福寺鐘 727年、製作年代明らかなものとしては日本で2番目に古い
- Bell of Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara Prefecture, 727, the second oldest bell in Japan with a confirmed date.
- 水野正好奈良大学名誉教授は石の種類、築造年代などから蘇我稲目説を唱える。
- Masayoshi MIZUNO, a professor emeritus at Nara University preaches a theory that the Ishibutai-kofun Tumulus was the tomb of SOGA no Iname from the facts such as the kind of rocks, the era of construction.
- そして、1140年代の事例を最後に国司苛政上訴はほとんど見られなくなった。
- Eventually Kokushi kasei joso became rare after claims in the 1140's.
- これらを含め築城年代・構造など共通性が見られるものを「古代山城」と称する。
- Including this feature described above, castles referred to as 'Kodai Sanjo' had some points in common such as construction periods and their architecture, and so on.
- 1970年代半ば頃から日本プロ野球を鋭く斬る手記を野球雑誌に多数発表した。
- From the mid 1970s, he published a lot of essays that strongly criticized Japanese professional baseball in baseball magazines.
- 麁鎌の生年は不明だが、天武天皇と同年代と仮定すると、この時約70才になる。
- Arakama's date of birth is unknown, but assuming that he and Emperor Tenmu were close in age, he had to have been around 70 at the time.
- 1980年代半ばより、駅名にちなんでホームの柱を薄紫(藤色)に塗っている。
- Since around the mid-1980s, the pillars of the platforms have been painted pale purple, corresponding to the name of the station (Fuji means wisteria in Japanese).
- 戦後の全盛期をむかえた1960~1970年代には次々と新しい動きがおこる。
- From 1960s to 1970s, when Kabuki was in its postwar prime, new movements emerged one after another.
- この「荒海障子」すなわち、襖建具の誕生の年代を、各資料から推測してみたい。
- Let's guess the date of the appearance of this 'Araumi no shoji,' that is, Fusuma-tategu (fittings such as fusuma) from various documents.
- 戦後、昭和20年代後半から日本経済の回復とともに団扇の生産も復調していく。
- After the war, in line with the recovery of Japanese economy, the production of Uchiwa fan gradually recovered from around 1950.
- 10編中の1編『逢坂越えぬ権中納言』以外の著者・詳細な成立年代は不詳である。
- Except for 'Osaka Koenu Gon Chunagon,' the authors of all ten pieces and exactly when they were written are unknown.
- 明治30年代よりたびたび史談会に出席し、幕末維新期に関する談話を残している。
- Since the 1890's, he often attended meetings where the participants talked about historical incidents and some stories about the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate and Meiji Restoration told there have been handed down for generations.
- また、編者・成立年代は、本書伝来の事情や、史料的不足により明らかではないが、
- The editor and the year of establishment are unknown due to the circumstances of the transmission of this book and insufficient historical information.
- ただし、精錬所の操業は1980年代まで続き、鉱毒はその後も流されたとされる。
- However, the ore refinery operations continued until 1980, and the mineral poison kept pouring into the rivers thereafter.
- 1920年代に河原町通が拡幅されたことにより、市電のルートはそちらに移った。
- In the 1920's, the rails for the trams were moved to Kawaramachi-dori Street when it was widened.
- 1960年代中期に沿線での伐採事業が終了すると森林軌道の利用価値は低下した。
- However, after the logging business was terminated in mid-1960s, the value of the usage of the forest tramlines diminished.
- 金沢市には正月に天神と複数の従者の木像を飾る風習が昭和30年代まで見られた。
- In Kanazawa City, there was a custom of putting up wood carvings of Tenjin and multiple servants until around 1960.
- 狩野松栄(永徳の父)の作という説もあり、年代は上杉本の前後と考えられている。
- There is an opinion that the work was done by Shoei KANO (father of Eitoku) and completion is thought to be around the same as that of the Uesugi version.
- しかし、昭和10年代には戦意高揚など国策に利用され、戦時中は生産が激減した。
- However, it was used for the national policy such as the fostering the spirit for the war during the decade started from 1935, therefore the production decreased sharply in wartime.
- 武蔵府中熊野神社古墳からは土器が出土していないため、築造年代の推定は難しい。
- It is difficult to estimate when the tumulus was built since no earthenware were found in it
- もっとも、当時の日本人の音楽感性の面から、成立年代をもっと後年とする説もある。
- But considering Japanese musical sensibility of that time, there is another theory that the march was composed much later.
- 1930年代、満州事変以降、英米との関係が悪化して日本の国際的な孤立が進んだ。
- After the Manchurian Incident Japan was internationally isolated as her relationship with Britain and the United States worsened during the 1930s.
- この映画は、そのテーマ性から香港では1980年代後半まで上映は禁止されていた。
- Due to the theme depicted in the film, it was not permitted to be shown in Hong Kong until the 1980's.
- 序盤は神話そのものであり、執筆年代に近づくにつれ歴史書としての性格が強くなる。
- They each contain only myths in the beginning part of the book and take on more characteristics of a history book as the writing approaches the era when these books were written.
- その後伐採規模は縮小し、1990年代以降はほとんど伐採されることがなくなった。
- After that, the amount of tree cutting diminished, and almost no trees have been cut since the 1990s.
- 70年代からはフリーで、土曜ワイド劇場などテレビ・サスペンスの監督をしている。
- He has worked as a freelance director since the 1970's and has directed mystery dramas for TV such as Saturday Night at the Mysteries.
- 1980年代にフランスのブザンソン市立美術館で「夷酋列像」11点が発見された。
- In 1980's, other 11 pieces of 'Ishu Retsuzo' were found in Besancon Museum, France.
- 執筆年代については諸説あるが、貞宗が元服を控えた長禄年間とする説が有力である。
- There are many theories as to when the book was written, but the most dominant theory is that it was written several years before Sadamune's genpuku (coming of age ceremony).
- 1960年代にはモータリゼーションの発達により、「神風タクシー」が問題となる。
- In the 1960's, with the development of motorization, Kamikaze taxis (taxis whose drivers drove recklessly) became a social issue.
- 昭和40年代頃までは、家から卵や肉をお店に持っていって入れてもらう事が出来た。
- Until around 1970 the customers could bring eggs or meat to the shops from home and cook them in okonomiyaki.
- 更に1950年代にこの琵琶(ビバ)を改良して現在の琵琶(ピーパー)が作られた。
- In the 1950s, this type of biwa was remodeled and the present day biwa (pipa) was made.
- 年代などから、天武天皇の皇子、もしくは側近の高官の可能性が高いと見られている。
- It is considered to be highly probable due to the era and so on that it was a Prince or a closely associated high officer of Emperor Tenmu.
- 古くは、1477年に紅雪が降ったとの記録(『本朝年代紀』による)が残っている。
- In 'Honcho Nendaiki' (the Chronicle of the Dynasty), it is recorded that beni-yuki (red snow) fell in 1477.
- 昭和30年代の石油業界では、石油の不当廉売店を本作に因んで権太店と呼んでいた。
- In the petroleum industry during the period from 1955 to 1964, sellers dumping petroleum products were called 'Gonta shop' after Igami no Gonta in this play.
- 政党内閣は政党間の対立という困難な問題を処理できないままに1930年代を迎えた。
- Party cabinet continued into the 1930s, while still being unable to bring the difficult problem - confrontation between political parties - under control.
- 現在まで続く獣肉(じゅうにく)料理専門店もこの時期(1710年代)に現れている。
- In this period, specialist meat shops which remain even today appeared.
- 木造法苑林菩薩・大妙相菩薩半跏像-弥勒仏の脇侍像だが、制作年代は室町時代に下る。
- Wooden statues of Hoonrin Bosatsu and Daimyoso Bosatsu in a semi-lotus position, attendant figures of Miroku Buddha, but constructed in the Muromachi Period.
- -建久5年(1194)建立で、年代の明らかなものとしては日本最古の多宝塔である。
- Tahoto Pagoda was built in 1194 being the oldest tahoto pagoda that can be dated.
- 現在のルートが整えられたのは明治20年代のことで、当時これを「新海道」と称した。
- The current route was serviced around 1887 and it was called Shinkai-do Road at the time.
- 1920年代初期のメキシコの無法者たちは盗んだ小火器や爆薬で十分に武装していた。
- Mexican desperadoes during the early twenties were usually armed to the teeth with stolen firearms and ammunition.
- そして推定される編纂年代から、この長井宗秀も『吾妻鏡』の編纂者のひとりとされる。
- In addition to the abovementioned facts, the estimated compilation date of the 'Azuma kagami' also suggests that Munehide NAGAI was probably one of the its compilers.
- 1980年代からの日米貿易摩擦の中で1991年にオレンジの輸入自由化が始まった。
- Amid the Japan-US trade conflicts from the '80s, import liberalization of orange started in 1991.
- ソビエト連邦では、1960年代半ば、モスクワの大学にはじめて空手部が設立された。
- In the USSR, the first karate club was set up at a university in Moscow in the mid-1960s.
- 中国では1990年代ころから養殖が始まり、江蘇省や山東省が主な産地となっている。
- In China, where cultivation began in around the 1990s, the main production areas are in the provinces of Jiangsu and Shandong.
- とくに1980年代以降、各都道府県の特性を生かした酒米が多く開発されてきている。
- In and after the 1980s, many different varieties of sakamai, for which the properties of each prefecture are fully utilized, have been developed.
- 築造年代は現在の崇神天皇陵である行燈山古墳より少し遅れた4世紀後半と推定される。
- This tumulus is considered having been constructed in the later half of the fourth century, slightly later than the Andonyama tumulus, now designated as the mausoleum of Emperor Suijin.
- こうして経済価値を失った里山は、1960年代に入ると次々に宅地化されて消滅した。
- Then, Satoyama, which lost its economic value, was converted into a housing lot one by one in the 1960's and gradually disappeared.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- しかし、日本人がこれらのことを知ったのは1840年代(天保年間)であるといわれる。
- However, it is said that not until the 1840s did Japanese people know these things.
- 1920年代になると、初期に設立された官立医学専門学校が官立医科大学へと昇格した。
- In the 1920's, the national medical colleges that were established during the early period were upgraded to national medical universities.
- が、年代的に考えてこれは誤りであり、平正盛の娘、即ち忠盛の姉妹が正しいと思われる。
- This is incorrect based on the dates, however, making it more likely that Yoshikiyo's mother was a daughter of TAIRA no Masamori and a sister of Tadamori.
- この線と叡山電鉄叡山本線とを含めて直通運転をさせる構想が1990年代末頃からある。
- Since the late 1990s, there have been plans to run direct trains on lines including this route and the Eizan Main Line of Eizan Electric Railway.
- 1980年代初め頃には、日本の茶道の所作は中国茶(茶芸)に用いられるようになった。
- The conduct of Japanese sado started to incorporate Chinese tea (art of tea) at the beginning of 1980's.
- しかし、1970年代に入ると、出席率の低迷、成人式離れがクローズアップされ始めた。
- However, in the 1970s, there was a declining participation rate and youth became alienated from Seijin-shiki ceremony.
- 上方では1770年代に、江戸では1786年に烏亭焉馬らによって咄の会が始められた。
- A gathering of comic storytellers was begun in Kamigata in 1770s, and also in Edo in 1786 by Enba UTEI among others.
- 昭和40年代始め、前衛短歌の停滞後はじめて本格的に近代短歌に向き合う動きが出てきた。
- From about the late 1960's, finally a new movement since the disappearance of the avant-garde movement started to take hold to deal with the transformation to the modern tanka poetry.
- 森成利らと同年代で親元を離れ主君に直接召しだされるなど期待をかけられた存在であった.
- He belonged to the same generation as Naritoshi MORI and he was an expected person as seen in the fact that he was called directly by the master leaving his home.
- この屏風については、描かれた都市景観から、制作年代についてさまざまに議論されてきた。
- There are various theories about its date of creation because of the city landscape depicted.
- 王道后宮・臣節・僧行・勇士・神社仏寺・亭宅諸道の6巻からなり、巻ごとに年代順で配列。
- It consists of six volumes ('Life in the Imperial court', 'The Moral Principle of Vassals', 'Activities of Monks', 'Brave Warriors', 'Shrines and Temples', and 'Residence and Accomplishments') with the events in each volume arranged chronologically.
- 田沼が政治改革を主導した時期を「田沼時代」と呼ぶ(1760年代 - 1786年頃)。
- The period that Tanuma led the political reforms is called the Tanuma period (from 1760s to around 1786)
- 1370年代ごろから自らの一座を率い醍醐寺での演能など、京都周辺へも進出していった。
- In about 1370, he organized his own company and brought his group to perform at Daigo-ji Temple, in faraway Kyoto City.
- 1980年代に始まる辛口ブームの間に商標などを通じていつしか「淡麗」と書かれ始めた。
- During the karakuchi boom started in 1980's, they started to write it as '淡麗'through trademark, etc.
- 中央アジアないしモンゴル高原起源と考えられているが、発祥地と年代について定説はない。
- It is thought to originate from Central Asia or the Mongolian plateau, but there is no established theory on its birthplace and date.
- 『竹取物語』は、作者不詳で成立年代も未詳だが、900年頃より以前の成立とされている。
- Neither the writer nor the date of establishment of 'Taketori Monogatari' are exactly known, but it is considered to be written before 900.
- 絵の上部に蘭渓道隆の賛があることから、蘭渓の没した1278年が制作年代の下限である。
- Because there is a San (inscription on a painting) of Doryu RANKEI on the upper side of the painting, it seems to have been painted before 1278 when RANKEI died.
- 1980年代半ば、カラオケを専門的に提供する、カラオケボックスという事業形態が誕生。
- In the mid 1980's, a business structure of the karaoke box that exclusively provide karaoke emerged.
- 年代が短いこともあり、大正時代に限ってのみ活躍した人物というものをあげるのは難しい。
- It is hard to name people who were only active during the Taisho period due to its short time frame.
- 1980年代以降、佐治芳彦がこれをくっつけて「古史古伝」と言い出したのが始まりである。
- he origin of the word From the 1980s onward, Yoshihiko SAJI combined them and said 'koshi koden,
- 洞部落の歴史に初めて光が当てられたのは第二次世界大戦後、1960年代後半のことである。
- It was after the World War II, in the late 1960's, that the history of Hora Buraku first came to attention.
- 足利学校の創建年代については諸説あり、長らく論争となっている(本項の論争の節を参照)。
- Several theories and opinions have been long divided over when Ashikaga School was founded. (Refer to the paragraphs below outlining this controversy.)
- かつてこの公園(新祇園之洲)は浅瀬の干潟で1970年代の埋め立てによって作られた土地。
- This park (Shingionnosu - New Gionnosu) was the land made by the landfill of the shallow tideland in 1970's.
- また、1980年代前半まで腕木式信号機が現存したが列車集中制御装置化により姿を消した。
- Some mechanical semaphore signals were seen up to the early 1980s but disappeared because of the adoption of the Centralized Train Control system.
- そして、1980年代後半、大阪市の青年団体協議会が主宰で、地車囃子の講習会が開かれた。
- And in late 1980, a training session of danjiri-bayashi was held, organized by Youth Groups committee of Osaka City.
- 1990年代に『東日流外三郡誌』に古田が深く関与し、同書が偽書であることが強く疑われた。
- In 1990's, FURUTA was deeply involved in 'Tsugaru Sangun-shi' (The history of the three counties in Tsugaru region), and it is strongly suspected that 'Tsugaru Sangun-shi' was gisho (apocryphal book).
- 前方後円墳の出現期から終末まで配列されたので、古墳の年代決定に大きな役割を果たしている。
- They played a greater role in dating because they were arranged from the appearance of large keyhole-shaped tomb mound to its end.
- 1960年代に私鉄電車の検車庫問題と国道建設問題に対する二度の国民的保存運動がおこった。
- In 1960s, two national preservation movements arose against the private railway company's train inspection garage problem and also the national route construction problem.
- 創祀年代不詳であるが、式内社で年4度の奉幣のほか名神大社として臨時大祭にも奉幣があった。
- The first enshrinement date is unknown, however, hohei (offering a wand with hemp and paper streamers to a Shinto god) were conducted not only four times a year at Shikinai-sha (shrine listed in Engishiki laws), but also during extraordinary festivals of Myojin-taisha Shrine.
- 石川丈山もしくは小堀遠州の名が挙げられることもあるが、造営の年代には両人とも故人である。
- It has been proposed that the garden was created by Jozan ISHIKAWA or Enshu KOBORI but they had both already passed away before the period in which the garden has been dated.
- 1960年代までは唐手表記も珍しくなかったが、現在では空手の表記が一般化し定着している。
- Until the 1960s, it wasn't unusual that people would use the word 'karate' (唐手), but today the word 'karate' (空手) has taken root and become common usage.
- ヨーロッパの空手は、1960年代以降、日本から空手指導員が派遣されるという形で広まった。
- In Europe, karate spread after the 1960's through karate instructors dispatched from Japan to Europe.
- 平安末期には中絶し、文献上のみの存在となってたが、1970年代に一部の団体が復活させた。
- Although this was interrupted at the end of the Heian period and existed only in documents, some groups brought it back in the 1970s.
- 第2期の開始年代は不明であるが、寛弘年間(1004年以後)に再興されたと考えられている。
- The year in which the second period of Kangakue had started is not known for sure, but it is believed that it was restarted in the Kanko era (after 1004).
- かつて(昭和30年代ころまで)関西の下町では、町内に一軒位の割合でお好み焼き屋があった。
- Formerly (until around 1960) in residential districts of the Kansai region, there was at least one okonomiyaki shop in every town.
- 昭和30年代以前は「もやい船」が主流であり、個人で船を1艘つくるのは、富裕層に限られた。
- Up until 1955, most shorobune were 'moyai-bune' and only rich people made family shorobune boats.
- 上記のように白い燈籠が初盆のために用いられるようになるのは昭和40年代以降のことである。
- It was only after 1965 that the white paper one began to be used just for hatsu-bon.
- II期官衙の年代は、7世紀末葉から8世紀初頭と考えられており、多賀城創建前後に廃絶した。
- The stage II kanga is thought to have existed from the late seventh to the early eighth centuries and was abolished before and after the foundation of Taga-jo Castle.
- ただし、確実に年代の判明している人麻呂の歌は持統天皇の即位からその崩御にほぼ重なっている。
- However, those of Hitomaro's poems with certain dates of composition fit almost perfectly the period from Empress Jito's accession to her death.
- 1040年代を画期として、それ以前を前期王朝国家、以降を後期王朝国家と区分する考えがある。
- There is a concept of separating the dynastic nation system after 1040s from that before 1040, with the earlier one called the early dynastic nation system and the later one the late dynastic nation system.
- 青銅器も大陸から移入されたが、古代オリエント地域などと違って鉄器使用の年代と隔たりがない。
- Bronze ware was introduced to Japan from the continent (Asian continent), but unlike other ancient Oriental regions the inception of iron ware usage was closer to the introduction of bronze ware.
- 1990年代になるとアメリカ軍は紙の軍用手票の発行を辞めプリペイドカード方式へと移行した。
- In the 1990's, U.S. forces switched to a pre-paid card system instead of issuing paper military currency.
- 創建年代は不明であるが、第三代安寧天皇の時代の都である片塩浮穴宮跡の伝承地に鎮座している。
- It is unclear when it was built, but it is located at a traditional place called Katashio Ukiana no Miyaato (the ruins of the Katashio Ukiana Palace), which was the capital in the reign of the third Emperor, Annei.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、奈良時代の僧行基によって創建されたと伝えられる。
- The year of the foundation of the temple is unknown, however, it is said to have been founded by Gyoki, a priest of the Nara Period.
- Although the year and details of its construction are unknown, it is said to have been founded by a monk called Gyoki in the Nara period.
- 昭和40年代には、ネスカフェの「ネスカフェゴールドブレンド」のCMでお茶の間に認知された。
- During the period from 1965-1974, he became popular among the general public due to his appearance in a commercial message of 'NESCAFÉ Gold Blend,' a product by NESCAFÉ.
- 阪急電鉄の形式番号は1980年代に廃車された810系を最後に、以後は全車4桁になっている。
- According to the Hankyu Railway numbering rule, all car numbers have consisted of four figures since the abandonment of the Series 810 in the 1980s.
- 現存する中では最古で、京都の景観は1520年代、狩野派の絵師(狩野元信?)の作といわれる。
- It is the oldest among the now existing Rakuchu rakugai zu, and it is the painted scenery of Kyoto during the 1520s, said to be a product of a Kano school painter, attributed to Motonobu KANO.
- 1990年代に「日の船」というチェーン店ができ、そこでは「章魚小丸子」の名で売られている。
- In 1990s a restaurant chain named 'Ship of the Sun' was established, and began to sell takoyaki in the name of 'Octopus small meatball.'
- 例えば、中華人民共和国の北京市や上海市では1990年代から複数の焼き鳥屋が営業をしている。
- For instance, several yakitori-ya restaurants have been operating since 1990s in Beijing City and Shanghai City, People's Republic of China.
- 1980年代後半には、レーザーディスクによるカラオケシステムが現れ、ある程度の普及を見た。
- In the late 1980's, a karaoke system using a laser disk was released and diffused to a certain degree.
- 昭和30年代半ばには線香生産量日本一となり、現在では全国生産量のうち、70%を占めている。
- Its Output of Senko became the largest in Japan during the mid thirties of the Showa era and current output accounts for 70% of total output in Japan.
- 通説は、平安時代前期の貞観 (日本)年間 - 延喜年間、特に890年代後半に書かれたとする。
- It is generally considered that the tale was written between the Jogan era, the first half of the Heian period, and the Engi era, especially the latter half of the 890s.
- このように年代と筆者が明記された書跡は、現存するおびただしい平安時代の遺品の中でも稀である。
- A calligraphic specimen such as this fragment, specifying the date and the writer, is quite rare among the numerous relics of the Heian period.
- 昭和50年代には、村木道彦・小池光・阿木津英など、風俗・実生活を繊細に描写する歌人が現れた。
- From the mid-70's to the mid-80's, there appeared poets such as Michihiko MURAKI, Hikaru KOIKE, and Ei AKITSU, with their delicate expressions of everyday realities.
- 西暦200年代頃の倭において矛、盾、木弓と鉄(或いは骨)の鏃が用いられていたとの記述がある。
- 'Gishiwajinden,' states that hoko (long-handled Chinese spear), shields, wooden bows, and arrowheads made of iron (or bone) were used in the 200s in Wakoku.
- しかしこの論は、1970年代以降の荘園史研究の進展から、3つの点で見直しが必要とされている。
- However, from the 1970's, developments in the study of shoen history led to this theory being revised in three ways.
- 百人一首が一首ずつ年代順に記されているのに対し、百人秀歌は二首で一組という構成になっている。
- While Hyakunin Issu listed poetry in chronological order, Hyakunin Shuka arranged poetry in pairs.
- 裏面には「光次」の署名と花押が、種類によっては右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印が刻印されている。
- A signature of 'Koji' and Kao (written seal mark) were engraved on the back side and casting era name was engraved at upper right position on some kinds of coins.
- 戦前(1940年代以前)は平安時代を王朝政治の形骸化・地方政治の荒廃が進んだ時期と解釈した。
- Before the war (before the 1940's) the Heian period was interpreted as a period when dynasty government was becoming a mere shell or dead letter and local government was devastating.
- 740年代に聖武天皇が政権に就いた時期には、平城京では疫病が蔓延し、社会不安が広がっていた。
- In 740s, the period when Emperor Shoumu acceded to the throne, an epidemic was prevalent and social anxiety was spreading in Heijokyo Capital.
- これは1950年代に入ってから国鉄C63形蒸気機関車の製造が計画されたことからもうなずける。
- This can be understood from the fact that JNR planned to produce C63 steam locomotives after the beginning of the 1950s.
- この寺の創建年代についてはついては不詳であるが、周辺の発掘調査から飛鳥時代と推定されている。
- The precise time of the temple's founding is unclear but excavations of the surrounding area have led to estimates that it was constructed during the Asuka period.
- 創建の年代は不詳であるが、社伝では和銅2年(709年)10月21日に社殿を建立したと伝える。
- The exact time that Izumo Daijingu Shrine was founded is not known but according to shrine legend, the shrine was constructed on November 30, 709.
- 室中(しっちゅう)襖絵の龍図は、作者や制作年代は不明だが,桃山~江戸時代の作といわれている。
- Both the date and artist of the paintings of dragons on the sliding panels in the inner room are unknown but they are reputed to date from between the Momoyama and Edo periods.
- 信仰の問題を考えると、30年代、および西欧の共産主義との恋愛ということに向かわざるをえない。
- The problem of faith brings us to the Thirties and the Western love-affair with communism.
- が、1950年代のピークは木材好況期にあたり、材木相場が高値で推移していたことが大きかった。
- The peak in the latter half of 1950s, corresponding to the boom period of demand for wood materials, was generated mostly because the market prices of wood remained high during the period.
- 1980年代は、準急は淀屋橋~淀間のみ運転されており、全線通しの準急は設定されていなかった。
- In the 1980s the sub-express was operated only between Yodoyabashi Station and Yodo Station; there were no through-trains running on the entire line.
- 明治40年代にこの寺院は世田谷区太子堂に移転し、その頃から「目青不動」を名乗るようになった。
- During the 40's of the Meiji era (1906 – 1915), this temple was relocated to Taishido, Setagaya Ward and began to refer itself to as 'Meao Fudo' at that time.
- 1990年代に世界貿易機関の勧告により、ウィスキーの酒税が下がる一方で焼酎の酒税は上昇した。
- In the wake of a WTO recommendation issued in the 1990s, the tax rate for whisky was lowered while the rate for shochu was raised.
- このようにして別間の創立年代が明らかになり、昭和初年には立ちを直し、締め直しも行われている。
- The construction year of the betsuma thus became known and, in 1926, the building was straightened and re-nailed.
- 弘前大学教授鈴木正道によると当初巻3から書き始められ、最後に天皇年代記が書き継がれたとする。
- According to Masamichi SUZUKI, a professor at Hirosaki University, the writing began with volume 3 and the Emperors' chronicle was added at the end.
- Ⅲ期の後飛鳥岡本宮・飛鳥浄御原宮については出土した遺物の年代考察からかなり有力視されている。
- Judging from the result of examining the age of the artifacts that have been excavated from the site, it is very probable that the remains of the third period were Nochino Asuka no Okamoto no Miya Palace and Asuka Kiyomihara no Miya Palace.
- そのことなどから、宝亀年代初期には奥羽北部の蝦夷が蜂起していたとうかがえるとする研究者もいる。
- Judging from this fact, some researchers insist that the Emishi/Ezo seem to have already risen in revolt in the northern part of the Ou Region (Mutsu and Dewa provinces) in the early Hoki era (770-789) under the reign of Emperor Konin.
- これに符合して、胆沢城跡から出土した年代不明の漆紙文書に、柴田郡から徴発した人員の名簿がある。
- In concert with this, urushigami monjo (Lacquer documents) excavated from the site of Isawa-jo Castle for which the year of creation is unknown contained Myobo (identification) of personnel requisitioned from Shibata County.
- 具体的な根拠がないままの偽文書説だったが、九〇年代以降、宮本義己がこれに具体的な根拠を与えた。
- There were no concrete grounds for this theory of forgery, however, Yoshimi MIYAMOTO found concrete grounds to this in the 1990s and onwards.
- 1960年代より「大逆事件の真実をあきらかにする会」を中心に、再審請求などの運動が推進された。
- After 1960s, 'the association to find a truth of Taigyaku Jiken' led the movement to demand retrial of the case.
- また、最初に鋳造された元禄二朱金には、裏面右上部に鋳造時期を示す年代印「元」が刻印されている。
- Also on Genroku nishukin which was casted for the first time, year seal 'Gen' was engraved at the upper right portion of the back side showing the casting period.
- 久安4年(1146年)以後に僧侶乗恵によって書かれたとされているが、著者制作年代の詳細は不明。
- It was most likely written after 1146 by Joe (乗恵), a priest, but details regarding the author and the period are unknown.
- 編年体(へんねんたい)とは歴史の記述法の一つで、起こった出来事を年代順に記してゆく方法を指す。
- 'Hennentai' is one of descriptive methods of history, whereby historical affairs are described in chronological order.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、この寺に残る十一面観音像は平安時代の作と伝えられる。
- Details surrounding the founding of Daisho-in Temple including the year in which it was established are unknown but the temple's statue of the Eleven-faced Kannon dates from the Heian period.
- 1980年代以降になると施設の老朽化が進んだことから、灰野より奥へ運転されることはなくなった。
- After the 1980s, the facility became increasingly degraded, and no operation beyond Haino came to be conducted.
- 1970年代まで、宮福線駅の西側に北丹鉄道の公庄駅があった(1971年休止、1974年廃止)。
- Until the 1970s, there was Hokutan Railway Gujo Station on the west of the Miyafuku Line's Gujo Station (the Hokutan Railway station was closed in 1971 and abolished in 1974).
- この待避線は、1980年代半ばに隣接する向島駅の待避線が使用を開始したのに合わせて廃止された。
- This sidetrack have ceased the practice when the adjacent Mukaijima Station commenced using the sidetrack in the mid-1980s.
- 関係者の努力にもかかわらず、1950年代後半、大阪では歌舞伎公演がまったく行われていなかった。
- Despite every effort by people in the business, no kabuki performance was conducted in Osaka in the latter half of the 1950s.
- 1960年代以降は、流通面で効率的なことなどから、一般的には発泡スチロール容器が使われている。
- Since 1960 and onward, foamed polystyrene containers have generally been used, because such packaging facilitates efficient shipping and distribution.
- 今谷説は美術史家にも衝撃を与えたが、その後、瀬田勝哉は景観年代を下げ、注文主を足利義輝と推定。
- Imatani's assertion impacted art historians, however, later, Katsuya SETA advanced the year of the scenery and he presumed the one who ordered to paint it was Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
- 食品メーカーの永谷園は1990年代末より、お茶漬けを豪快に食べるコマーシャルメッセージを展開。
- Nagatanien, a food company, rolled out a series of commercial messages on eating chazuke in the late 1990s.
- 1970年代には蔵書の順調な増大、閲覧者の増加が進み、本館の施設は早くも手狭になりつつあった。
- As the collection steadily expanded and the number of library users increased during the 1970s, it became readily apparent that more space would be required.
- 遺物の出土は確認されていないものの、年代は石槨の形態から7世紀末葉から8世紀初頭と推定される。
- Although no relic is found there, it is presumed that from the shape of the sekkan, the tumulus was constructed in the era from towards the end of the seventh century to the early eighth century.
- この修造は、11世紀中頃から1160年代の南大門再建まで続き、境内の堂宇の多くが修理修造された。
- This renovation started in the middle of the eleventh century and ended with reconstruction of the Nandai-mon Gate in the 1160's with many temple buildings in the precincts repaired or renovated.
- 『永禄以来年代記』によると、'明智坂本に城をかまへ、山領を知行す、山上の木にまできり取'とある。
- According to 'Choronicle of Eiroku Era,' there is a description that 'AKECHI built a castle in Sakamoto, governed the estate and cut down the trees on the mountain.'
- その後、1140年代までの約60年間に渡り、史料に残るだけでも約20数件の事例が検出されている。
- Since the first case, the number of appeals only found in historical documents rose to more than twenty over about sixty years until the 1140's.
- 制作年代についても比較する作例に乏しいことから定かでなく、奈良時代とも平安時代とも言われている。
- The time of its creation is unclear due to the lack of comparable works but it has been said to date from the Nara period and the Heian period.
- 博物学者としての再評価は、上野益三の業績をはじめとする、1970年代以降の諸研究の功績が大きい。
- His re-evaluation as a scholar of natural history was greatly thanks to the achievements by Masuzo UENO or various studies after 1970s.
- 1950年代に日本の左傾化を恐れた米広報文化交流局が日本で行った世論工作を詳述した報告書だった。
- This record reveals the information manipulation activities conducted in Japan during the 1950's by the U.S. Information Service (USIS) which was concerned over the influence of communism on Japan.
- 古いものでは1630年代に作成されており、1664年に寺請制度が確立すると全国的なものとなった。
- Older ones were created in the 1630s, and after the completion of the terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in any one of designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) in 1664, Shumon Ninbetsu Aratame Cho were created nationwide.
- この作品には中国出身の禅僧・一山一寧の賛があり、彼の没年である1317年が制作年代の下限となる。
- In this work there is a San of Issan-Ichinei, a Zen priest from China, so, it seems to have been painted before 1317, when he died.
- 八木奘三郎は、古墳石室の構築法との比較から、神籠石の築造年代は推古朝(7世紀初)以前としている。
- Sozaburo YAGI estimated that kogo-ishi had initially been built before the early seventh century through a comparison of the method of construction of tumulus stone chambers.
- 日本の奴婢制度は、律令制の崩壊と共に消滅し、900年代には既に奴婢制度の廃止令が出ている様である。
- The slavery system in Japan disappeared along with the collapse of the ritsuryo system, and in the 900s, an edict to abolish the slavery system seemed to be already promulgated.
- この神社の創建年代等については不詳であるが、1645年(正保2年)に社殿が再建されたと伝えられる。
- It is unknown when this shrine was founded, but according to legend, the main building was rebuilt in 1645.
- 1920年代に河原町通が拡幅されると、市電のルートもそちらに移るなどメインストリートの座を譲った。
- When Kawaramachi-dori Street was widened in the 1920s and the tracks of the streetcars were transferred there, Teramachi-dori Street yielded its position as a main street to Kawaramachi-dori Street.
- 1500年代には大内義興、三好長慶、六角定頼らが管領代として幕府に君臨し管領職は形骸化していった。
- In the 1500s, Yoshioki OUCHI, Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, Sadayori ROKKAKU and others ruled the Shogunate as deputy Kanrei, the post of Kanrei became merely formal.
- 円 (通貨)の価値が一段と上昇した1980年代以降は、海外へのビジネスや旅行の渡航も活発になった。
- After the late 1980's, when the yen (currency) became stronger, both business and private traveling overseas became popular.
- それらの要因から、日本酒も上記のような「生」と銘打った商品が1980年代から増えてきたのであった。
- Because of such factors, with respect to sake also, the number of products described as 'nama' has been increasing since the 1980s.
- 傍証ながら引き違いの襖障子の誕生年代は、仁和年間(884~888年)まで遡ることが可能と思われる。
- From the evidence, although collateral evidence, the date of the appearance of Fusuma Shoji seems to be the period from 884 to 888.
- 近年では、対象となる年代も広がり、明治・大正・昭和戦前期の建物まで、調査研究が行われることがある。
- In recent years, the research and study of minka has extended to include the houses of the Meiji, Taisho, and early Showa Eras.
- 1930年代のナショナリズムの台頭を背景に、モダニズム建築に対抗して日本で発生した建築様式である。
- Teikan (Imperial Crown) Style was generated against modernism architecture in the context of Nationalism that appeared in the 1930's.
- それでも、昭和40年代までは、境内において「ゲスト扱い」で長柄の地車囃子が奉納されることもあった。
- Even so, danjiri-bayashi of the Nagae region were sometimes dedicated at the precincts of Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine as a 'guest' by around the 40th year of the Showa Period.
- こうした戦前の業績をうけて、現代の作家、詩人たちによる連句の試みが、1960年代後半からはじまった。
- Under the influence of this and other prewar scholarly works, contemporary writers and poets of the late 1960s began to try their own hands at creating renku.
- およそ紀元前10世紀中頃(ただしこの年代には異論もある)から3世紀中頃までにあたる時代の名称である。
- It is the period approximately between the middle of the 10th century B.C. (though there are some objections to this date) to the middle of the 3rd century.
- 1960年代末、清家清によって、建築計画学、建築史学、地理学の3分野から研究が進められることとなる。
- In the late 1960's, Kyoshi SEIKE applied three fields of architectural planning, architectural history and geography to further this study.
- その年代については議論が存在するが、現在のところ、これは世界規模で見ても最古の土器ということになる。
- Whichever method is right, the initial stage's pottery is the oldest of all ever found in the world.
- こうした支配体制を改変する動きは、1040年代を中心とする11世紀中期になって非常に顕著に見られる。
- These reforms of governing structure were actively implemented in the mid-11th century, especially around 1040s.
- 著作年代や著者については不明であるが、親王が没してから時期を経ていない9世紀後期の作品と考えられる。
- Neither the exact age of this book nor the author is known, but it is generally believed that this book was written in the late 9th century not long after the death of the Imperial prince.
- 一時期、すっかり陳腐化した60年代作品が多く再上映され、映画ファンに見下げられてしまった不運もある。
- It was unlucky that many obsolete films of the 60's were screened again at a certain period, and that Nakahira's films were disdained by film fans.
- 1900年代初頭、単身でヨーロッパに渡り舞台女優として活躍し、日本文化の紹介者としての役割を担った。
- At the beginning of the 1900s, she left for Europe by herself, performed as an actress, and played a role to introduce Japan.
- しかし、1370年代から義治の長子・脇屋義則が単独で活動をするため、出羽逃走直後に没したと見られる。
- However, he may have died upon running away to Dewa, because Yoshiharu's eldest son Yoshinori WAKIYA acted independently in and after the 1370's.
- 長岡駅では1990年代後半から駅舎2階の改札口周辺で再開発が行われ、いわゆる「駅ナカ」が形成された。
- In late 1990s, redevelopment work was carried out around the ticket gates located on the second floor of Nagaoka Station and the so-called 'Eki-naka' (shops within the station building) was established.
- ただ1990年代以降に日本で発生した朝粥ブームもあって、粥の類似料理である茶漬けに凝る人も見られた。
- Some people took to chazuke, which is similar to rice gruel, amid a boom in eating rice gruel for breakfast that began in Japan in the 1990s.
- もっとも、本人同士は年齢や宮仕えの年代も10年近く異なるため、実際に面識は無かったものと見られている。
- However, these two people were distant in age and served the Imperial Court in different times (nearly a decade), so they seem not to have known each other.
- そこで、後世(鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代)の鎌倉側の記録に戻るが、『鎌倉年代記裏書』によるとこうある。
- Therefore, returning to the records on the Kamakura side in a later era (from towards the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts), 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki' includes the following description:
- この銘文が日本古代史の確実な基準点となりその他の歴史事実の実年代を定める上で大きく役立つことになった。
- This inscription became a reliable standard in the history of ancient Japan, and it was a great help to decide the real dates of the other historical facts.
- 芝居の小道具の刀の請負い、製茶業者などの職を経たのち法律を学び、1877年代言人(弁護士)免許を得る。
- After carrying on a sword rental business for theaters and a tea making business, he studied law and received a lawyer's license in 1877.
- 弘仁13年(822年)には修理職に、続いて年代は不詳であるが延喜式編纂以前に木工寮にも算師が置かれた。
- A sanshi post was established in the Shurikishi in 822, then in the Mokuryo (the exact year of the latter is unknown, but it was before the compilation of the Engishiki (an ancient book of codes and procedures)).
- 1990年代には吉田・宇治の両キャンパスが手狭になったことから、「第3キャンパス」の建設が計画された。
- In 1990s, two campuses, Yoshida and Uji, became too cramped, so the construction of 'the third campus' was planned.
- この大神神社の公式ホームページを見ても、三ツ鳥居の形式ができた年代や由来については不明と書かれている。
- The official website of Omiwa-jinja Shrine doesn't mention the period when the Mitsutorii was formed or its derivation.
- 前述のように、演習林の利用形態は再び研究中心に回帰し、林道の建設も1980年代までに一定の完成を見た。
- As described above, the way of using the field practice forest returned to research-centered one, and the forest roads had been completed to a certain level by the 1980s.
- 1990年代以降は、今谷明が正親町天皇を信長への最大の対抗者として位置づけた『信長と天皇』を上梓した。
- After the 1990s, Akira IMATANI published 'Nobunaga and the Emperor' in which Emperor Ogimachi was described as the strongest rival of Nobunaga.
- 1970年代に群馬県のローカルTV番組に舞妓をモデルにした「伏見の清酒 百萬弗」のCMを放映していた。
- In 1970s, advertisements of 'Hyakuman-doru, seishu of Fushimi' had been aired on local TV programs in Gunma Prefecture, using images of maiko (apprentice geisha.)
- 加えて、1990年代、マスコミなどで官官接待などが非難の対象になると一気に宴会ブームが去ってしまった。
- Also, in the 1990s, after bureaucrats' practice of entertaining each other was widely criticized in newspapers and on TV, the 'banquet boom' rapidly disappeared.
- その後再度キャバレー「ミニミニサロン・マンゴー」になったが80年代半ばにに廃業して建物は取り壊された。
- Thereafter, it again became a cabaret 'Mini-Mini Salon Mango,' but it ceased operation in the middle of 1980's and the building was demolished.
- 「『平和憲法』の下で経済的に成功した」1980年代日本の、多くの「日本文化優越論」に大きな影響を与えた。
- It had a great influence on a lot of 'arguments on superiority of Japanese culture' in the 1980s in Japan, which 'economically succeeded under the 'peace constitution.''
- 禁教令の徹底などを目的に1630年代の鎖国令によってオランダとの交易を除き西欧諸国との関係も途絶させた。
- It also broke relations with western countries except for Holland by issuing a national seclusion order with an aim to put a complete ban on Christianity.
- 昭和40年代の宅地開発の際にやぐらが破壊され、「元弘三年五月廿八日」の銘のある五輪塔の一部が発見された。
- When housing lots were developed during the decade from 1965, the caves were destroyed and a part of a gorinto (a gravestone composed of five pieces piled up one upon another) was found, in which the date 'July 18, 1333' was inscribed.
- 具体化された例としては、ファッション日本における歴史や廃刀令が、列びに1880年代の鹿鳴館が有名である。
- The famous concrete examples of 'Leave Asia, enter Europe' were the history of Japanese fashion, the decree banning the wearing of swords and Rokumeikan (a hall used for the accommodation of guests of the government) built in the 1880s.
- 1960年代までは黒澤明と並ぶ日本映画の両雄と見なされ、国内での評価はむしろ黒澤を上回ることが多かった。
- He was regarded as one of the two top directors in th Japanese film industry together with Kurosawa and his reputation in Japan was actually greater than that of Kurosawa's.
- 1890年代の終わりごろ、新橋工場で改造が行われ、開放的だった運転室には側方、後方に風除けが設けられた。
- It was altered at Shinbashi Works around the end of 1890's, and windshields were installed on the sides and behind the driver's platform.
- 日本では、1970年代以降(高度成長期の終了以降)、天の川を見ることができる場所は少なくなってしまった。
- In Japan, from the 1970s, after a period of high economic growth, places where the Milky Way could be seen became few.
- 1970年前後には作付け面積が6haにまで減少したが、1990年代以降ふたたび需要が急速に高まっている。
- Until around 1970, the area planted was decreased to six hectares, but the demand has grown rapidly since the 1990s.
- 木製品の年輪年代測定などから、纒向石塚古墳は遅くとも225年頃までには築造されていたことが判明している。
- According to the tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) of the wooden artifacts, Makimuku Ishizuka Tumulus was constructed by 225 at the latest.
- 成立した年代については、明衡が文章博士や東宮博士の要職に就いた晩年期の康平年間ではないかと推定されている。
- This collection is estimated to have been compiled during the Kohei era when Akihira was appointed to a number of important posts, such as Monjo hakase (professor of literature) and Togu hakase (professor for the crown prince) in his later years.
- これは作成年代・編者は不明であるが、江戸幕府の全国統治の基本資料として、多くの写本・異本が作成されている。
- It is not known when or by whom Kanbun-inchi-shu was compiled, and there exist a number of manuscripts and alternative versions of this literature, which work as the basic documents showing how the Edo bakufu administered the nation in those days.
- 1970年代には約10年の歳月をかけて制作した奈良・唐招提寺御影堂障壁画「黄山暁雲」は畢生の大作となった。
- 'Huangshan Mountains in Morning Mist,' a painting on the fusuma of the Miei-do at Toshodai-ji Temple in Nara City became his masterpiece, which he had spent about ten years to complete in the 1970s.
- 国内で好評を博しただけでなく、1830年代ヨーロッパに渡り、フランスの印象派の画家に影響を与えたとされる。
- They were not only well received in Japan, but also introduced in Europe in the 1830s and influenced the French impressionists.
- しかしそのような朝鮮にも1860年代以降国際化の波(外圧)が押し寄せ、海上から西欧諸国が訪れるようになる。
- However, after the 1860s the wave of internationalization (foreign pressure) flooded into Korea, and the countries of Western Europe began to come over the sea.
- 1930年代 このころカリフォルニアとハワイの日系人たちがようやく経済的に安定した生活を送れるようになる。
- In the 1930s, finally Japanese in California and Hawaii started to lead economically stable lives.
- 本三尊像は、玉眼(像の眼の部分に水晶を嵌め込む技法)を用いた像で制作年代の判明する最古例としても知られる。
- Also, these statues are known as the oldest example to use crystal inlays for eyes of a statue (the technique called 'gyokugan' in Japanese) among the statues whose production dates have been identified so far.
- 塔の建築年代については飛鳥の本薬師寺から移築されたとする説と、平城京で新たに建てられたとする説とがあった。
- As for the date of the pagoda's construction, there are two theories; one theory suggests that the pagoda was transferred from Moto-Yakushiji Temple in Asuka after being dismantled and then reconstructed, and the other theory suggests that the pagoda was newly constructed at the Heijo-kyo.
- これは、1990年代に笠置寺に住み着き、案内をする名物猫として有名になった野良猫「笠やん」の追悼碑である。
- This is a memorial to a stray cat called 'Kasa-yan' that lived at Kasagi-dera Temple during the 1990s and became famous for showing people around.
- 園人は着実に実績を残していき、50歳を超えた大同 (日本)年間(800年代後半)に参議・観察使へ昇進した。
- Sonohito surely achieved satisfactory results and was promoted to Sangi and Kansatsushi (inspector) in the Daido era (late 800s) when he was over 50 years old.
- (庄弘高とは年代的から見て兄弟であると考えられ、研究者の間では、弘高が家弘の次男であると考えられている。)
- (Ienaga is chronologically thought to have been brothers with Hirotaka SHO and researchers assume that Hirotaka was the second son of Iehiro.)
- 不退院(ふたいいん)は中世(1400年~1600年代)において同宗派の三河十二本寺の一つとして栄えていた。
- In the medieval period (1400 - 1600), the Futai-in Temple prospered as one of the Mikawa junihon-dera Temples (twelve temples in the Jodoshu nishiyama fukasusa-ha sect in the Mikawa Province) in the sect.
- 文明9年(1477年)には後土御門天皇の命によって洞院公賢の年代記『皇代暦』を増補して天皇に献上している。
- 1477: Under the order of Emperor Gotsuchimikado, he enlarged the chronicle 'Kodaireki' (a chronicle from the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties till the Muromachi period) written by Kinkata TOIN, and presented it to the emperor.
- また、1960年代後半頃からマイカーの普及が本格化し、自動車の台数が大幅に増加した(モータリゼーション)。
- From the late 1960's, the growing popularity of privately-owned cars dramatically increased, and thus the number of cars accordingly increased substantially (motorization).
- 1990年代にはディスコで踊ることが流行し、ジュリアナ東京でも多く用いられたことからジュリ扇とも呼ばれた。
- Dancing in a disco was popular in the 1990s and many people danced with a Hane-sensu in JULIANA'S TOKYO British discotheque in Shibaura, so that's why it was called Juli-sen.
- いわゆる「フルーティーな香り」を醸し出す代表的品種で、1980年代以来、吟醸酒の誕生の立役者となっている。
- This is a representative variety that gives a so-called 'fruity flavor' and has served as a main actor in the birth of ginjo sake since the 1980s.
- 貞享から元禄にかけて、勧進相撲の禁令は随時解かれていき、江戸でも1680年代に興行制限が大幅に緩和された。
- The ban on kanjin sumo was gradually lifted from the period of Jokyo to Genroku; in Tokyo, restrictions on spectacular sumo matches were significantly relaxed in the 1680s.
- あるいは、それゆえに現存するものは作成年代が古事記などよりもずっと新しいものであるという論拠ともなっている。
- Or, this is the reason for the theory that the existing one was written much later than Kojiki and others.
- 紙の年代が成立時期に重なることから、これが『今昔物語集』として最初に書かれた原本そのものである可能性もある。
- Given that the paper of the Suzuka manuscript was produced during the same period in which the collection appeared, there is a possibility that it is the actual first, original text of 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past.'
- さらに近年の放射性炭素年代測定により弥生時代の始まりが少なくとも紀元前10世紀まで遡る可能性が出てきている。
- Moreover, there is a possibility of the start of the Yayoi period going back to at least the 10th century B.C. by recent radiocarbon dating.
- その後、江戸の様々な年代で千葉真一扮する伊賀の頭領(名前は半蔵など)が活躍するという内容でシリーズ化された。
- This TV program was later made into a series, in which an Iga leader (often but not always named Hanzo) was actively involved in various incidents that took place during the Edo Period (the role was played by Shinichi CHIBA).
- 多聞院日記によれば、大政所は文禄元年(1592年)に76歳で亡くなっているとされているので年代にズレがある。
- According to Tamonin Diary, Omandokoro died at 76 years old in 1592; so there is a gap of the date.
- 2000年以降の追加指定地は、大部分が1970年代の調査が不十分で調査洩れになっていた地域と考えられている。
- It is considered that the most of the areas designated after 2000 were the land which had been ignored in the cursory investigation in the 1970s.
- また王仁大明神の近辺に1960年代まであった旧地名「大仁(だいに)」は、王仁に由来していると伝えられている。
- Also, there was an area called 'Daini' up to the 1960's near Wani Daimyo-jin, and the name Daini is said to come from Wani.
- 1967年『戦国無宿』を手始めに、特に映画界が衰退した1980年代以降テレビドラマの脚本も多く手掛けている。
- He contributed, since the time when he made 'Sengoku mushuku' (No Lodging in Warring States) in 1967, for many scripts for television dramas from the 1980s when the glory of the film world began to deteriorate.
- 電化は国有化後全く顧みられず、1920年代以降に発展した現在の近畿日本鉄道の路線網に機能をとって代わられた。
- The electrification plan did not proceed after the nationalization, but instead the line network of the current Kintetsu Corporation took place, which had been in development since 1920.
- ホームは両側共にぎりぎり3両分の長さがあり、1990年代までは単行と2両編成の電車の車両交換が行われていた。
- The length of both platforms is barely equivalent to that of three cars, and until the 1990s the exchange of a car between single-car trains and two-cars trains used to be done at this station.
- ただし、2000年代初頭では「冷や」が拡大解釈され、常温よりも冷やしたものを指して用いられていることもある。
- However, at the beginning of 2000's, the term 'hiya (literally, cold sake)' is sometimes overinterpreted to mean sake that is cooled down below normal temperature.
- また、1970年代からは、主にフルコンタクト空手の流派において、カラテやKARATEと表記されることも多い。
- Also, since the 1970s the katakana word 'カラテ' (karate) and Romanized word 'KARATE' have often been used, mainly by organizations of full-contact karate.
- いわば「改良たかね錦」であるが、1980年代に同県への美山錦の導入が考えられたときに主たる比較対照となった。
- It might be called an improved 'Takane nishiki,' and it was used as the standard for comparison when Miyama nishiki was introduced into Akita Prefecture in the 1980s.
- 本建物の特質としては、棟札があって創立年代がはっきりしていて、民家というよりは城郭を思わせる構造形式である。
- In terms of the characteristics of this house, there is an existing munafuda identifying the year in which that building was originally built and that it has a structural style which reminds someone of a castle rather than a private house.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、文徳天皇の皇后藤原明子 (染殿后)が安産を祈願した寺と伝えられる。
- Although the details (such as the year of its founding) aren't known, this temple is said to be one at which FUJIWARA no Akirakeiko (Some dono no kisaki), an empress of Emperor Montoku, prayed for a safe delivery.
- 門弟も数多く、同年代の万里集九とともに、義堂周信・瑞渓周鳳から連なる五山文学における中・後期の巨星であった。
- He had many disciples and was a great figure, along with Banri Shukyu, who lived in the same era (the middle to late Gozan Bungaku) and whose origin can be traced back to Gido Shushin and Zuikei Shuho.
- 1960年代になって、ドイツ文学者の富士川英郎や小説家の中村真一郎たちが、江戸時代の漢詩文の再評価をはじめた。
- In the 1960's, Hideo FUJIKAWA, a scholar of German literature, Shinichiro NAKAMURA, a novelist, and others began to reevaluate the Chinese poetry and prose from the Edo period.
- 両事変後、朝鮮において日本は経済的に進出し、90年代朝鮮の貿易で日本は輸出の90%以上、輸入の50%を占めた。
- Since the two incidents that occurred in korea, Japan had promoted an economic presence, and Japanese exports amounted to more than 90% and Japanese imports accounted for 50% in Korean trade during the 1890's.
- また10世紀初頭に始まる前期王朝国家と11世紀40年代を画期とする後期王朝国家の登場が唱えられるようになった。
- Further, the division of the early Dynastic polity period, which started in early 10th century, and the late Dynastic polity period, which started in the 1140's, was also proposed by him.
- 最終版とされる大永版には建武5年(1338年)より永正17年(1520年)までの法令が年代順に採録されている。
- In the Taiei edition, which is regarded as the final edition, the statutes from 1338 to 1520 were recorded in chronological order.
- この型式編年を利用して、出現期古墳はどの段階の鏡を持つかで古墳が年代的に古いかどうかが判断できるようになった。
- By utilizing this chronology in the type, the phase of the mirror discovered in the tumulus made it possible to judge if the tumulus is chronologically old.
- 東西1.1km、南北3.2キロとみられていたが、1990年代の東西の京極大路の発見で「大藤原京」が想定された。
- It was believed that Fujiwara-kyo was 1.1 km from east to west and 3.2 km from north to south, however, the Dai Fujiwara-kyo (Greater Fujiwara-kyo) was revealed by the discovery of Kyogoku-oji Street from east to west in the 1990's.
- 近世の地誌類には、室町幕府に仕えた相阿弥の作庭と伝えるが、作者、作庭年代、表現意図ともに諸説あって定かでない。
- According to records written in the early modern period, the garden was designed by Soami, who was in the service of the Muromachi Shogunate; however, the designer, the period in which the garden was made, and the intent of the design are unknown as opinion is divided on these matters.
- 創建の正確な事情や時期は未詳であるが、境内出土の瓦の年代から、長岡京造営以前、奈良時代の創建と推定されている。
- The precise time and circumstances of the temple's founding are unclear but roof tiles excavated within the precinct have led to estimates placing its founding to the Nara period prior to the establishment of the capital city of Nagaoka-kyo.
- 歌人としては古今和歌集ほかに合計11首入集し、また民部卿行平歌合(在民部卿家歌合)を880年代中頃に主催した。
- As a poet, eleven waka of Yukihira were chosen for 'Kokin Wakashu' and other collections and he held Minbukyo Yukihira utaawase (waka-matching) (Zai Minbukyo-ke utaawase) in the middle of 880s
- 尚、近代映画協会は1960年代に100近く有った独立プロのうち唯一成功し現在も存続、映画作品を送り出している。
- Furthermore, among almost 100 independent productions that existed during the 1960's, Kindai Eiga Kyokai is the only one that succeeded, still exists today and continues to produce movies.
- 駅開業から1980年代半ばごろまでは待避線には線路が敷設されておらず、現在の2・3番のりばのみで営業していた。
- From the time the station opened till around the mid-1980s, there was no refuge track and operations were managed by only the present Platform 2 and Platform 3.
- その後マイカル系の「ダックシティイチムラ」を経て撤退、大手口そばにあった長崎屋も1990年代末に撤退している。
- Ichimura Department Store, once converted to 'Duck City Ichimura,' which was affiliated with MYCAL, eventually withdrew and Nagasakiya, which was located near Oteguchi, also withdrew toward the end of the 1990s.
- 1990年代以降、このインスタントお茶漬けでは、実験的にバラエティーに富んだ具材のものが開発・発売されている。
- Since the 1990s, a variety of ingredients for instant chazuke have been developed and put onto the market experimentally.
- 今日の学説では、初代神武天皇の即位年を辛酉(紀元前660年)とすることによって、年代を古くに引き上げたとされる。
- According to today's theory, it is considered that the dates were altered into older dates by defining the year of Emperor Jinmu's enthronement as Kanototori (660 B.C.).
- 宗達の代表作の一つだが、明治時代後半にアメリカ合衆国に輸出され、1960年代まであまり存在を知られていなかった。
- Although it is one of Sotatsu's masterpieces, it was not widely known about until the 1960s because it was exported to the U.S. during the late Meiji Period.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)中期の貞和年間(1340年代後半)に幕府評定衆の中条挙房が頭人を務めていたと推定されている。
- It is presumed that Morofusa NAKAJO, a member of Bakufu hyojoshu (an organization of bakufu employing the council system), served as its chief in Jowa era in the period of Northern and Southern courts (Japan) (late 1340's).
- 寛文3年(1663年)9月晦日には愚渓と夢窓国師の降誕年代について論じ、当時信じられていた説の誤りを正している。
- On October 30, 1663, he argued with Gukei about the year of the birth of Muso Kokushi (the most reverend priest), and he corrected the error of the opinion which was believed at that time.
- 近年、上杉本洛中洛外図に長直の屋敷が描かれている事が確認されたために、執筆年代との関係で様々な議論を呼んでいる。
- Recently, as it was confirmed the Naganao's compound is portrayed in Uesugibon Rakuchu Rakugai Zu (Scenes in and around the Capital of Kyoto, the Uesugi version), there were various discussions with respect to the time of the drawing.
- 1960年代には8分おきに運転されており、その当時は常盤、御室(現・御室仁和寺)、等持院で行き違いを行っていた。
- In the 1960s, trains ran at intervals of eight minutes and passed in Tokiwa Station, Omuro Station (present Omuro-Ninnaji Station) and Tojiin Station.
- 台湾では1990年代の日本文化ブーム以来、日本と同じ型の招き猫を店先やレジスターの後ろなどに置いている店が多い。
- At many shops in Taiwan, maneki-neko identical to those found in Japan have been placed out front or behind the register since the Japanese cultural boom of the 1990s.
- 「なにが黄金の70年代や」「紅白だけが大晦日か」との主張のもと、大晦日の徹夜ロックコンサートが行われたのである。
- They held all-night rock concert on New Year's Eve, claiming 'Golden 70's is nothing' and 'NHK Kohaku Utagassen (NHK Year-end Grand Song Festival) is not the only event for New Year's Eve.'
- ただし周濠内からの出土であることから、古墳本体の築造年代とは関わりのない後世の二次的な出土物である可能性もある。
- However, it is also possible that they are secondary artifacts belonging to later periods that have nothing to do with the construction period of the kofun itself, since they were unearthed from inside the surrounding moat.
- しかし1930年代に縦型精米機が登場する以前は、日本酒は低い精米技術、すなわち高い精米歩合の酒米で造られていた。
- However, before a vertical-type rice-milling machine which was developed in 1930's, sake was produced with low level rice polishing technique, that is, with sakamai of high polishing ratio.
- ---昭和40年代まで日本各地にみられ、晩のおかずに主婦が鍋を持って買いに来たり、子どもがおやつとして買っていた。
- Until about 1974, oden-uri was popular with housewives who brought their pots to buy oden for dinner and with children who buy it for their afternoon snacks.
- 藤原仲麻呂の長男(一部の書籍に藤原訓儒麻呂を仲麻呂の長男とするものがあるが、年代的に真従を長男とするのが正しい)。
- The 1st son of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (some books say that FUJIWARA no Kusumaro is the 1st son of Nakamaro, but the theory that Mayori is the 1st son is chronologically correct).
- 1840年代前半に幕府により実施された天保の改革は質素倹約を旨とし、贅沢品とみなされた浮世絵は規制の対象となった。
- Tenpo Reforms implemented by the shogunate in the first half of the 1840s encouraged simplicity and frugality and ukiyo-e became the target of regulation because it was deemed as a luxury item.
- 成立年代・作者ともに不明だが、永享の乱・結城合戦の諸軍記は全て『鎌倉持氏記』が源流にあることが明らかにされている。
- Both the year of completion and the author are unknown, but it was revealed that various war records concerning Eikyo War and Yuki War were based on the military record, 'Kamakura Mochiujiki.'
- 従来、上記の箸墓古墳の築造年代は古墳分類からは3世紀末から4世紀初頭とされ、卑弥呼の時代とは合わないとされてきた。
- It has been said that the Hashihaka Tumulus was created between the end of the third century and the beginning of the fourth century, which does not match the period of Himiko's reign.
- 建築材の年輪年代測定によって、康平3年(1060年)ころに建造されたことが判明した、現存する最古の神社建築である。
- It was identified as architecture from 1060 through the growth rings measurements, and it is an example of the oldest existing shrine architecture.
- この神社の創建年代等については不詳であるが、この神社には平安時代中期の武士源頼光に関連する言い伝えも残されている。
- Although the year of construction of this shrine and other information are unknown, there is a tradition that this shrine is related to the mid Heian period samurai, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu.
- 1990年代以降、庭園の発掘調査・復元、鳳凰堂堂内装飾のコンピュータ・グラフィックスによる再現などが行われている。
- Various projects including excavation of the gardens, restoration, and the computer graphical reproduction of the interior decoration of Ho-o-do hall have been taking place since the 1990s.
- 結局、日本の蒸気機関車技術は、その開発の終末期(1950年代)に至るまで、ついに国際水準に到達することはなかった。
- After all, Japan's steam locomotive technology did not reach an international level until the terminal phase (1950s) of development.
- また、日本映画全盛期にプログラムピクチャーを手掛けていただけあってその参加作品数は、同年代の映画監督と比べて膨大。
- He contributed program pictures (a short film used to fill blank time between films) at the height of Japanese film, and the number of the films he participated in was great compared to film directors of the same generation.
- 邦画界全盛期にプログラムピクチャーを手掛けていただけあって、その参加作品数は同年代の他の著名映画監督と比べて膨大。
- As may be expected from a someone who created program pictures during the golden age of Japanese cinema, the number of films in which he participated was huge compared to other famous directors of his generation.
- また、1950年代後半から人気ファッションモデルとして活躍していた芳村真理に女優への転向を促したのも大島であった。
- Oshima also advised Mari YOSHIMURA, who had been a popular fashion model since the late 1950's, to make a career as an actress.
- 1990年代以降、日本国内における大きな地震災害の多発により、高速鉄道の地震に対する脆弱性が指摘される様になった。
- In the 1990s and later, many big earthquakes occurred in Japan, and vulnerability of high-speed railway lines to earthquakes was pointed out.
- 当初は準急(90年代前半に消滅)と普通しか停車しなかったが、2000年のダイヤ改正以降急行も停車するようになった。
- Initially, only semi-express trains (they disappeared in the first half of the 1990s) and local trains made stops at this station, but following a timetable revision in 2000 the express trains also started making stops.
- 1960年代、駅西側は当時都市中心部以外では珍しかった映画館やパチンコ店などを有する商店街、歓楽街として発展した。
- In the 1960s, the west side of the station developed as a shopping street and entertainment district, including movie theaters and 'pachinko parlors,' the Japanese pinball parlors, both of which were rare outside of city downtown areas at that time.
- 揚げたてが格段に美味しく、1960年代以前は子供が揚げたてのコロッケを買ってその場でおやつに食べる風景も見られた。
- Korokke right out of the hot oil is particularly delicious, and before the 1960's children often ate freshly-fried korokke at shops for a snack.
- オリコンでは、1990年代半ば頃から全国のカラオケのリクエストランキングを集計したカラオケチャートを発表している。
- Oricon has been publishing karaoke chart listing the national ranking of songs requested in karaoke since the mid 1990's.
- 1970年代、駅弁は日本国有鉄道のディスカバー・ジャパンキャンペーンもあって、鉄道で観光旅行に出かける人が増えた。
- In the 1970's, with the help of the Discover Japan campaign launched by the Japan National Railways (JNR), the number of tourists who used the railway increased.
- 明治30年代、京都鉄道会社(現在の山陰本線)の創設者で貴族院議員である田中源太郎が自らの生家を改築したものである。
- In around 1897 to 1906, Gentaro TANAKA, who was the founder of the Kyoto railway company (present Sanin Main Line) and a member of Kizokuin (the upper house of the Imperial Diet under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan), reformed the house where he was born into the present form.
- ちなみに北陸地方に竈(かまど)が作られるのは昭和30年代が中心で、それまではあらゆる煮炊きを囲炉裏で行なっていた。
- To be more specific, Kamado (cooking stove) was made in the Tohoku region mainly around 1955-1964; until then, various ingredients had been cooked in the Irori fireplace.
- 1960年代までに多くの伝染病院は、隔離病棟を廃止したり一般病棟を拡充するなどして総合病院となり発展的解消を遂げた。
- Most infectious disease hospitals positively disappeared to become general hospitals by closing their isolation wards or expanding their general wards until 1960's.
- なお、1990年代半ばになって源氏物語大成の本文を元にコンピュータを使用した大規模な本格的用例索引が作成されている。
- In the middle of the 1990s, full-scale index of examples was made with a computer based on the text of Genji monogatari taisei.
- 光琳の作品には、制作年代のはっきりわかる作品は少なく、画風や、画面に捺されている印章などから制作年が推定されている。
- Most of Korin's works do not show a definite date and the dates of most of his works are inferred from the signatures and seals on the works.
- 公卿補任の作者は未詳であり成立年代も不明であるが、「歴運記」を基に弘仁以後の分を書き足されていったものと考えられる。
- The authorship and the time when Kugyo-bunin came into existence has not yet been ascertained, but it is believed to be based on 'Rekiunki' and names had been added from the time of Konin.
- また、1970年代以降の外国での有余った輸入材の増加に伴う木材価格の暴落により、採算に見合う山林の大部分が消滅した。
- Furthermore, most of the mountains and forests which could be profitable have disappeared because of the sharp decline in the wood price due to an increase of imported woods which abounded in foreign countries after the 1970s.
- 実際、境内の「恋占いの石」は原子物理学、ボースト博士による科学的な年代測定で縄文時代のものであることが判明している。
- In reality, nuclear physicist Dr. Borst scientifically dated the 'Koi uranai-no-Ishi' (lit. love fortune-telling stones) to the Jomon period.
- 各構内の名称は2000年代から用いられるようになったものであり、教員・学生の間では以前の通称が用いられることもある。
- The name of each konai has begun to be used since 2000s, and so, teachers and students use the former popular names occasionally.
- 1970年代は横溝正史の「金田一耕助シリーズ」を手掛け、絢爛豪華な映像美と快テンポの語り口で全作が大ヒットとなった。
- He directed 'Kosuke KINDAICHI Series' written by Seishi YOKOMIZO in the 1970s, and its story became a blockbuster with luxury and beauty in its pictures and its way of speaking with a cozy tempo.
- かつて1番線の宮内寄りからセゾンの1階部分に直接出入りできる改札口が設けられていたが、1990年代に閉鎖されている。
- There used to be a ticket gate that directly connected Miyauchi side of the platform of track 1 and the first floor of 'Saison Deux,' but it was closed in the 1990s.
- 生産過剰に加えて1970年代よりアメリカからオレンジ輸入枠拡大の要請が強まり、政府はミカン栽培縮小へ方針を転換した。
- In addition to excessive production, strongly required import quotas increased for orange by the U.S. from 1970s, the government changed its policy to decrease production.
- なお、1960年代には、「読売ジャイアンツ・大鵬幸喜・卵焼き」と子供が好きな物の代表として挙げられることが多かった。
- In the 1960s, tamagoyaki used to be one of the favorite foods of children and it was listed as one of three things children typically love in a popular phrase of that time: 'Giants (a Japanese baseball team), Taiho (a sumo wrestler), and tamagoyaki.'
- 栗山家住宅(くりやまけじゅうたく)とは、奈良県五條市五條1丁目にある建築年代の判明している民家として日本最古の建物。
- The Kuriyama Family Residence, which is located in 1-chome, Gojo, Gojo city, Nara Prefecture, is the Japan's oldest private residence of all the residences whose dates of building are known.
- その『太平記』は、極めて近い年代の出来事を記述したにも関わらず、創作が多く、その史料価値は明治時代から否定されている。
- Most of the 'Taiheiki' was fiction although it described the events in almost the same period, so its value as historical material has been denied since the Meiji period.
- だが、海軍大将だった野村吉三郎は1950年代に防衛庁長官に就任させる構想が存在したが、文民統制の観点から断念となった。
- There was a conspiracy to appoint Kichisaburo NOMURA, who was the Navy General at that time, to a Chief Secretary of State for Defense; however, it was ceased due to a civilian regulation point of view.
- 1950年代以降の大規模伐採の時代には、赤崎西谷や赤崎東谷に引込み線が設けられ、伐採された材木の搬出に活用されていた。
- After the 1950s when logging was carried out on a large scale, sidings were laid out in Akazaki-nishidani (Akazaki west ravine) up to Akazaki-higashidani (Akazaki east ravine) and were used for carrying out the lumber.
- また、国産4車種とも西日本車体工業製の車体を積極的に採用しており、1990年代までは約半数が西日本車体工業製であった。
- In all of the four domestic models, the bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo Co., Ltd., are used; however, until the 1990s about half the buses had bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo.
- 1970年代に発生したオイルショックを受けて、ハウス栽培における石油消費量を減らす目的で研究が進められるようになった。
- It was researched and bred in order to reduce the oil consumed in greenhouse culture after the Oil Shock in the '70s
- 1990年代中盤以降日本で親しまれている発泡酒は、主に麦芽比率の低いビールの一種、またはビール風アルコール飲料である。
- The low-malt beer popular in Japan since the middle of the 1990s is mainly a kind of beer with a low malt ratio or beer-like alcohol drinks.
- しかし、ビニール容器入りの煎茶も、1980年代末期以降、缶入りやペットボトルの烏龍茶や緑茶が普及したため少なくなった。
- However, sencha in the vinyl made container has also declined due to the spread of oolong tea and green tea sold in a can or a plastic bottle since the end of the 1980s.
- 1970年代に入ると、家庭用テープレコーダーは、コンパクトカセットタイプのものも音楽鑑賞に堪え得るレベルに達していた。
- In the 1970's, household tape recorders including the compact cassette type reached a high level enough for music appreciation.
- 郡山記の執筆年代と推定される時期には、伴存は50歳代に達そうとしており、しかも郡山記のみに専念していたわけでもなかった。
- At the time of writing Gunzanki, Tomoari was almost 50 years old and was not just working on Gunzanki alone.
- 第2次世界大戦前には「神代史」「太古史」など言われ、戦後(1970年代頃まで)には吾郷清彦が「超古代文書」と呼んでいた。
- Prior to World War II, they were called 'jindaishi (history of mythological age)' or 'taikoshi (history of ancient times)' and, after the war (until the 1970s) Kiyohiho AGO called them 'chokodai monjo (super-ancient documents).'
- 本書の成立年代は詳らかではないが、本書のなかに一条天皇を「今上」と記していることから一条天皇の朝に行われたと考えられる。
- It is not well known when this book was compiled, but judging from the fact that the Emperor Ichijo was referred to as 'the present emperor' in the text, it is considered to be edited during the Emperor Ichijo's reign.
- この修理の際、奈良文化財研究所で塔の部材を年輪年代学で調べたところ、794年ころに伐採したものであることが判明している。
- During the repair, the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties examined members of the pagoda using dendrochronology and found they were cut down around 794.
- 『鎌倉年代記裏書』に、延慶4年(1317年)10月16日、「葛西殿御逝去八十五」と記されており、時宗の母と見られている。
- 'Kamakura Nendaiki Uragaki' (Kamakura Chronicles End Note) stated that 'Kasaidono passed away at the age of 85' on October 16, 1317, which was considered to refer to Tokimune's mother.
- この文書が明治30年代に発見されると、いわゆる「清和源氏」は実は「陽成源氏」ではないかとの説が星野恒によって唱えられた。
- When this record was found in 1897, there was another theory advocated by Hisashi HOSHINO that what was called Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) was in fact Yozei-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 和乙継の牧野墓は奈良県広陵町にあるバクヤ塚が推定されているが、これは馬見古墳群に属する「古墳」であって築造年代が異なる。
- The Makino grave of YAMATO no Ototsugu is assumed to be the Bakuya-zuka burial mound in Koryo-cho, Nara Prefecture, but this is a kofun (tumulus) of the Umami burial mounds, which were all constructed in different periods.
- ※以下は、1980年代から現在までに入線経歴がある車両(宇治川花火大会の日は輸送力確保のため5両編成が大量に使用される。
- The following are the trains that have been operated on the line since the 1980s (when the Uji-gawa River Fireworks Display is celebrated, the five-car trains are used to secure transportation capacity).
- また別の推定では、1990年代の黄砂に伴う経済損失は年間15億元(Yang および Lu, 2001年)だとされている。
- According to another estimate, the yearly damage due to kosa was 1.5 billion yuan in 1980s (according to Yang and Lu, in 2001).
- 女性の羽織の丈には流行があり、明治時代~大正時代は膝下までの長羽織、昭和30年代には帯が隠れる程度の短い羽織が流行った。
- There has been a trend in the length of the woman's haori coat; from 1868 to 1926, a long haori coat extending down to the knees was popular, and around 1955, the short haori coat with the hidden belt became popular.
- 1990年代以降は、それぞれ開発地の地名を冠する静岡酵母、山形酵母、秋田酵母、福島酵母なども高く評価されるようになった。
- In and after 1990's, sake yeasts named after the place of development, such as Shizuoka yeast, Yamagata yeast, Akita yeast and Fukushima yeast came to be highly valued.
- (1930年代にも演奏)ベトナムにはおそらく明代に伝播した四弦十数柱のものが伝承され、琵琶と書いて「ティパ」と発音する。
- (It was played in the 1930s, too.) The four-stringed biwa with more than a dozen frets that was introduced to the Ming Dynasty had been handed down in Vietnam and it is written biwa but pronounced as 'tipa.'
- 茅葺屋根の曲家で江戸時代前期(17世紀半ば)の建築ではないかと考えられているが、明確な建築年代を示す史料は残っていない。
- It is a magariya (bent house) with a thatched roof supposedly constructed in the early Edo period (mid-seventeenth century), but there are no extant materials that indicate the exact period of the construction.
- 明治40年代には『明星』から出た耽美派の北原白秋、自然主義的な若山牧水、社会主義的傾向を示した石川啄木らの個性が開花した。
- Between 1908 and 1912, a new concept of individualism was represented by such poets as the poet who gained popularity through 'Myojo,' Hakushu KITAHARA with his pursuit for beauty, the naturalist, Bokusui WAKAYAMA, and Takuboku ISHIKAWA, who had a tendency of showing flavors of socialism.
- 硬六派(こうろっぱ)とは、1890年代に対外強硬論を唱えていた対外硬路線を掲げる国家主義・国粋主義的な6党派の連合のこと。
- The Ko Roppa (the hard-line six parties) was a pro-nationalistic federation of six political parties that advocated a strong foreign policy in 1890s.
- 日本中世史と日本近世史の間で、1953年から1960年代にかけて日本封建制成立論争が展開した(太閤検地論争とも呼ばれる)。
- There was a controversy between medieval history and early-modern history on the establishment of the Hoken system in Japan from 1953 through the 1960's (it is also called the controversy of Taiko-kenchi (cadastral survey instituted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI)).
- 「令制国」という語は、20世紀末に用いられ始めた歴史学の用語であり、早いものでは1980年代半ば頃から使用例が現れている。
- The term ' Ryosei province' is the historical academic term that started to be used at the end of 20th century and early examples for use of the term ' Ryosei province ' appeared in the middle of 1980s.
- 1990年代に始まる陰陽師ブーム・晴明ブームにより、晴明の編著による『占事略决』の存在自体も広く知られるようになってきた。
- Thanks to the boom of Onmyoji/Seimei which began in 1990's, the existence of Seimei's 'Senji ryakketsu' also came to be known widely.
- 1980年代後半から『朝まで生テレビ』(テレビ朝日系)のレギュラーパネラーとなり、テレビのコメンテーターとしても活躍した。
- Oshima was a regular panelist on 'Asamade Namaterebi' (literally, 'a live program until morning' broadcasted on All Nippon News Network) from the late 1980's and flourished as a television commentator.
- 日本の鉄道事業者で初めて「学生専用出口」を1960年代中頃に甲陽線甲陽園駅を皮切りに一部の駅で開設した(制服着用が条件)。
- The company set out the 'exit exclusively for students' in the mid-1960s at several stations, starting at Koyoen Station on the Koyo Line, which was the first attempt as a railway company in Japan (but it applied only to students who wore school uniforms).
- 昭和30~40年代は当時人気の俳優・女優の顔や姿が扇部を飾り、人々はそのアイドル(偶像)を近い距離感で手にとって親しんだ。
- Printing the image of popular actors and actresses at that time on the fan part was quite popular from 1955 to 1975, which enabled people to feel close to those idols.
- 1560年代(時期明確にならず)、織田信長は斎藤氏との膠着状態を打破するため不破光治を使者として送り、長政と同盟を提案した。
- Sometime in the 1560s Nobunaga ODA dispatched the envoy Mitsuharu FUWA to propose forming an alliance with Nagamasa to break the deadlock with the Saito clan.
- しかし、1990年代以降の研究では、墾田は律令政府が企図していた農地拡大政策に沿ったものとする評価が次第に有力となっている。
- However, the research after the 1990's has gradually strengthened another theory that konden was in line with the policy of expanding agricultural land, a policy which was undertaken by the Ritsuryo Government (an ancient Japanese government of centralized governance).
- そして、国司苛政上訴が功を奏し、太政官の政策に影響を与え、国内の税率を固定化する「公田官物率法」が1040年代に制定された。
- Kokushi kasei joso was effective in having an effect on Daijokan's policies, resulting in the enactment of 'Koden kanmotsu rippo' (fixing a limit of 3 to of rice per tan of land) in 1040 for fixing the tax rates in Japan.
- 後に1920年代後半フーゴー・フォン・ホフマンスタールがミュンヘン大学の講演「国民の精神的空間としての著作」において述べた。
- Then, in the late 1920's, Hugo von Hofmannsthal used the word in his speech, 'Literature as the Nation's Spiritual Space' ('Das Schrifttum als geistiger Raum der Nation'), at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München).
- 発掘された古瓦の様式年代からもこの寺院が舒明天皇11年(639年)に建立された百済大寺に該当する可能性は高いと見られている。
- Judging from the style of the excavated old roof-tiles, there is a high posibility that this temple is Kudaradai-ji Temple which was build in 639.
- 1960年代以降、名物管長として知られた高田好胤(たかだこういん)が中心となって写経勧進による白鳳伽藍復興事業が進められた。
- Taking a leading part, Koin TAKADA known as an odd chief abbot, promoted the Hakuho Garan (the Buddhist temple of Hakuho culture) Reconstruction Project through Shakyo-Kanjin (soliciting for contribution in exchange for copying a sutra) since the 1960s.
- 1980年代になり、小学校の移転、遺蹟図書館の一般図書の栃木県立足利図書館への移管が行われ、史跡の保存整備事業が始められた。
- In the 1980's, the preservation and maintenance project of the historic site started by relocating the elementary school and transferring general books of Ashikaga School Historical Archives to the general library, Tochigi Prefectural Ashikaga Library.
- 高度成長期までは日本の道路は劣悪であったが、1960年代以降盛んに道路建設が行われ、全国に高水準の道路整備が行き渡っている。
- Before the high-growth period, roads in Japan were bad, but the improvement and construction of roads have been actively implemented since 1960's, achieving highly maintained roads throughout Japan.
- 現代においては、演劇、花街、一部の祭り、1960年代頃までの時代劇映画(大映、等)のDVD、等で見ることが出来るだけである。
- Nowadays, it can only be seen in dramas, fleshpots, certain festivals, some Jidaigeki-eiga (period movies) until the 1960s (by some movie companies such as Daiei).
- そして、昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及に伴い、生活での団扇の実用面は縮小し、その姿は減少の一途を辿っている。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965
- これらの遺物の年代は『新羅之記録』に記された長禄元年のコシャマインの戦いにおける志苔館陥落の時期(1457年)と矛盾しない。
- The ages of these artefacts are consistent with the date of the fall of Shinoridate Castle (1457) in the Battle of Koshamain of the same year recorded in 'Shinra no Kiroku'.
- しかし、『兵範記』にはわざわざ為義の首実検が行われたことまで記録されており、これらのことは史料の年代からしても事実と思われる。
- However, 'Heihan-ki' contains a description of the inspection of Tameyoshi's severed head, which would be true given the year in which the work was completed.
- 金刀比羅本自体についても、鎌倉時代成立(小林智昭)とも室町時代までくだる(永積氏)とも言われており、成立年代は定まっていない。
- Kotohirabon itself is said to have been compiled during the Kamakura period (Chisho KOBAYASHI) or the Muromachi period (NAGAZUMI), so the year of compilation remains unknown.
- 日本社会において高度経済成長が達成された1970年代以降は、直接的な社会詠として事件等を取り上げることが大変困難となっている。
- Since the 1970s in which Japanese society achieved rapid economic growth, it became very difficult to raise incidents directly through shakaiei.
- 妻は持明院保世の娘で、室町幕府3代征夷大将軍足利義満の乳母となっているため、義満と同年代の実子が早世していると考えられている。
- Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA's wife was a daughter of Hose JIMYOIN (持明院保世) and became the wet nurse of the third Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of Muromachi bakufu Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and so it is thought that his own child, who would have been the same age as Yoshimitsu, died in early.
- 1570年代頃から織田信長の長男織田信忠の旗下にあり、天正10年(1582年)の本能寺の変の際は、信忠とともに二条城にあった。
- From the 1570s he was under the command of Nobunaga ODA's eldest son Nobutada ODA, and was with Nobutada at Nijo Castle at the time of the Incident at Honno-ji in 1582.
- ちなみに熊本市の本妙寺 (熊本市)は明治20年代まで梅毒やハンセン病で不具になってしまった患者達で混雑する事が珍しくなかった。
- Incidentally, it was not uncommon that the Honmyo-ji Temple (Kumamoto City) got crowded with patients disabled by syphilis or Hansen's disease until the 20s of the Meiji period (around the end of 19th century).
- 1930年代に入ると満州事変・日中戦争などによる日本から中国へ向かう輸送需要の激増で、東海道本線・山陽本線の輸送量も増大した。
- Entering the 1930s, demands for transportation from Japan to China increased rapidly due to the Manchurian Incident and Sino-Japanese war, increasing the amount of traffic on the Tokaido Main line and Sanyo Main line as well.
- 1990年代末ともなると、都市部では式典会場の空席が目立つようになり、新成人が会場に入らないという批判が聞かれるようになった。
- At the end of the 1990s, vacant seats in the ceremony hall were marked, and criticism that new adults did not enter the hall became more vocal.
- 史跡指定地以外ではその後も撤去が進み、1960年代には史跡指定地の御土居が宅地造成業者によって破壊される事件が何度か起こった。
- Mounds other than the designated historic spots were continued to be removed, and there were some incidents in which housing developers damaged Odoi mounds that were designated as historic spots in the 1960s.
- 「1920年代」という時期に、必然的な意味がないこと(必ずしも、1920年から1929年で、きちんと区分されているわけではない)
- There is no inevitable meaning in the period of '1920s' (it is not necessarily divided properly from 1920 to 1929).
- 衛府舎人は大粮米徴収権の既得権を有していたが、朝廷は延喜年間(900年代)に相次いで衛府舎人の既得権を剥奪する政策を打ち出した。
- Efutoneri had the right to collect tairomai (rice as food), but in the Engi era (in the 900s), the Imperial Court announced the key policies of depriving the Efutoneri of their vested rights one after another.
- 2000年代に入るとLVMHなどの外資ブランドが直接参入し、今では「最も神戸らしい洗練された街」として活況を呈するようになった。
- In 2000s, foreign brands such as LVMH joined directly, and now it is thriving as 'the town stylish and most Kobe-like '.
- さらに、1980年代にかけて内杉林道中央部のケヤキ峠を中心に、北は杉尾峠直下に通じ、南はブナノ木峠の南に達する林道が開設された。
- Furthermore, towards 1980s, a forest road opened that, with Keyaki-toge Pass in the middle of the Uchisugi forest road at its center, ran to the immediate foot of Sugio-toge Pass in the north and to the south side of Bunanoki-toge Pass in the south.
- 昭和50年代までは学校の入学式・卒業式の付き添いの母親の制服的な存在であったが、その後一気に衰退し、現在は滅多に見ることがない。
- Until around 1975, mothers in these haori coats attended entrance ceremonies or graduation ceremonies of their children, however, it declined in a flash, afterwards, and now is almost never seen.
- 「カラオケで歌う歌を覚えるためにCDを買う」層が増え、1990年代の日本でシングルコンパクトディスクのミリオンセラーが多発した。
- An increasing number of people 'purchased CDs to learn a song to sing with karaoke,' and many of Japanese single CDs sold more than a million copies in the 1990's.
- また1980年代ごろまでは、ほとんどの蔵(酒造メーカー)は農業協同組合などから一括して酒米を買い入れ、これを精米し醸造していた。
- Until the 1980s, most breweries (sake manufacturers) bought sakamai collectively from agricultural cooperatives and polished such rice for brewing.
- 京都・妙心寺の梵鐘(国宝)は、内面に戊戌年(698年)の銘があり、製作年代の明らかな日本製の梵鐘としては最古のものとされている。
- The Bonsho in Myoshin-ji Temple in Kyoto (National Treasure) has an inscription of the year of 698 on the inner side and this is the oldest Japanese Bonsho with a confirmed production date.
- 1960年代後半、ロサンゼルスの日本人街リトル・トーキョーの「川福(かわふく)」に寿司カウンターが設置されたのが始まりとされる。
- During the late 1960s 'Kawafuku' in Little Tokyo in Los Angeles to installed a sushi counter, which is thought to have been the first.
- 年代は定かではないが、幸盛との緊密な関係から、幸盛の娘(生母は尼子氏家老職筆頭・亀井秀綱の娘)を娶り、亀井姓を名乗るようになった。
- Although the exact year is unclear, he took the family name of Kamei after he married a daughter of Yukimori (her mother was a daughter of Hidetsuna KAMEI, the head of the chief retainers of the Amago clan) since he had a close relationship with Yukimori.
- 三角縁神獣鏡が出土するのは4世紀以降の古墳からのみで、邪馬台国の時代である3世紀の墳墓からは1面も出土しておらず、年代が合わない。
- It doesn't chronologically match because Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was discovered only in a tumulus after the fourth century, never in tombs after the third century which corresponds to the era of the Yamatai-Koku kingdom.
- この寺の創建年代については不詳であるが、平安時代初期嵯峨天皇が皇后の安産祈願のため地蔵菩薩を安置し、空海が開眼したとも伝えられる。
- Although the year of its establishment is unknown, it is said that in the early Heian period the Emperor Saga, to pray for his wife's safe delivery, enshrined Jizo Bosatsu who was later consecrated by the monk Kukai.
- また日本国内に留まらず、1970年代の香港でも何作もアイドル映画の監督を務めており、東南アジアの映画や芸能の発展にも功績を残した。
- His work was not limited to Japan, and he also directed several idol films in Hong Kong during the 1970s, and contributing to the development of the film and performing arts industries in Southeast Asia.
- 1990年代前半頃に草内を目前とした美禅(びぜん)折返しの61A系統と東田辺経由で新田辺~草内を結ぶ路線の61B系統も新設された。
- During the first half of 1990's, Route 61A that turns back on the way to Bizen (right near Kusauchi) and Route 61B that runs from Shin-Tanabe to Kusauchi via Higashi-Tanabe, were newly established.
- そもそも昭和30年代まで、日本国有鉄道においては特別急行列車・急行列車の本数が少なかった半面で、長距離の普通列車が設定されていた。
- Prior to the mid-1960s, the Japan National Railway operated long-distance local trains while the number of limited express and express trains was small.
- 1990年代中盤から、京たこをはじめとするチェーン店のたこ焼き店が、渋谷センター街などの東京都に数多く進出し、一大ブームとなった。
- In the mid-1990s a lot of chain takoyaki restaurants including Kyotako entered into Shibuya Center-Gai and other areas in Tokyo, and created a big takoyaki boom.
- 昭和40年代頃まで盛んに行われていた紙芝居には水飴が付き物で、子供たちが水飴を割り箸で攪拌して遊びながら、おやつとして食べていた。
- Mizuame came with the kamishibai (picture-story show) that had been popular until the 1970s, and children played with mizuame by stirring it with throwaway chopsticks and ate it as a snack.
- 1980年代に入ると県産吟醸酒「山形讃香」のプロジェクトが始まり、めざす酒質にあう酵母として清酒酵母山形酵母、清々酵母を開発した。
- At the beginning of the 1980s, the project for 'Yamagata sanga' (ginjoshu produced in Yamagata Prefecture) was launched, and sake yeast, Yamagata yeast and Seisei yeast were developed.
- 1980年代までは、日持ちがする塩分の高い(塩辛い)物が好まれたが、最近は健康への関心の高まりから減塩された製品が多くなっている。
- The salty Chirimenjako, which last longer, were more popular until the 1980s, but recently people are more health cautious and more salt reduced products are becoming popular.
- しかし弥生時代の開始年代を繰り上げる説に関連してこれを否定するか、あるいは殷から周への政変に関連付ける考えが検討されるようになった。
- However, in connection with a theory to moving up the beginning date of the Yayoi period, whether or not to reject the previous theory, or to relate a new date with political changes of the Yin Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty has been considered.
- 入母屋造、本瓦葺きの本格的な密教仏堂であるが、建築年代は新しく、昭和9年(1934年)に実業家山口玄洞の寄進で建てられたものである。
- It is a typical Esoteric Buddhist hall with its formal tile hip-and-gable roof but was in fact constructed relatively recently in 1934 using funds donated by industrialist Gendo YAMAGUCHI.
- 1970年代に入ると、在地領主の研究の進展に従い石母田の理論のみでは在地領主を十分には捉えきれないとする指摘が出されるようになった。
- In the 1970s, with the advancement of the research on local lords, some scholars started to point out that the Ishimoda theory was not enough to capture the whole picture.
- 年代は不明であるが平安時代の中頃、「伯州河村東郡司」(現在の湯梨浜町全域を指す)として伯耆へ入国、そのまま土着して在地領主となった。
- Although the exact date is unknown, around the mid Heian period, Taneyori arrived at Hoki Province as a 'Gunji (the local magistrate)' of Kawamura Higashi, Hoki Province (the whole area of the present Yurihamacho), lived there and became a local lord.
- 1970年代半ば頃から、一部行きすぎた華美な燈籠が現れたり、放火や失火による火災が相次いだりして、盆燈籠を認めない寺院が現れ始めた。
- From around the middle of the 1970's, some temples began to forbid bon toro, because some toro became too luxurious, and because fires - cases of arson and accidental fires - occurred one after another.
- しかし、1990年代以降は不況や大学進学者の増加などで高卒者の採用を取り止める企業が増えたため成人を迎える従業員も年々減少している。
- However, since the number of companies which stopped hiring high school graduates due to the recession and increase in the number of high school graduates who went to university has increased in and after 1990s, workers entering adulthood decreased yearly.
- 音源媒体については、1970年代初めごろよりラジオ番組の中でカラオケ(伴奏のみの音楽)を流す企画もあり、これを録音する聴取者も居た。
- Since the early 1970's, there have been radio programs that played karaoke (accompaniment), and some listeners recorded them as a music source.
- 従来、日本酒米には一般のうるち米が使用されることが多かったが、2000年代初めでは掛け米にも酒造好適米を使う酒蔵も増える傾向にある。
- In the past, ordinary cooking rice was often used for nihonshumai, but since the start of the 2000s there has been an increasing tendency among breweries to use shuzo koteki mai for kakemai as well.
- 昭和30年代半ばには、前衛短歌は社会的影響力を持ち始めたため敬遠する出版会の動きがあったことと、方法意識が出尽くしたことから停滞した。
- Around 1960, the avant-garde tanka poetry started to lose its impetus, due to the fact that many publishers, fearing the over-reaching influence of the avant-garde tanka poetry into societal matters, distanced themselves from this type of poetry, and also due to the loss of direction.
- 朝鮮人水賊の活動は1470年代から活性化するものであったが、その活動はいずれが倭寇かいずれが朝鮮人水賊か識別を付けるのは困難であった。
- Korean pirates had been active since the 1470s, but it was difficult to distinguish the activities of Korean pirates and the activities of wako.
- 昭和30年代、南條範夫が村岡の著書を基にし、『願人坊主家康』(後に加筆改題して『三百年のベール―異伝 徳川家康』)という小説を著した。
- Between 1955 and 1964, Norio NANJO wrote a book called 'Begging Priest, Ieyasu', which was based on MURAOKA's book (NANJO later updated the book and changed the title to '300 Years Veil: A different view of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA').
- 1960年代に始まる圃場整備事業では、農地が30アール(30m x 100m)を基準に区画しなおされたため、多くの条里遺構が消滅した。
- In agricultural field improvement project that was started in the 1960s, farm lands were re-divided using 30 are (30m x 100m) as a unit, so many remains of jori were lost.
- 「冷えに冷えたり」(『申楽談義』)と評されるように、幽玄な芸風の持ち主であったらしく、応永二十年代ごろ足利義持の後援を受けて活躍した。
- He was rumored to be 'Colder than cold' ('Sarugaku Dangi' (Talks about Sarugaku)) and was a person who seemed to have a mysterious air around him and performed with the support of Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA around 1413.
- 1960年代以降は『ただいま11人』、『春の坂道』、『必殺仕掛人』、『華麗なる一族』、『ザ・ハングマン』などテレビドラマにも多数出演。
- Since the 1960s, he also appeared in many TV dramas such as 'Tadaima Juichinin' (Now We Are Eleven), 'Haru no Sakamichi' (A hill in Spring), 'Hissatsu Shikakenin' (Professional Killers), 'Kareinaru Ichizoku' (The Perfect Family), and 'The Hangman.'
- このことにより1980年代に入ると同区間の近鉄特急も3両編成、後には6両編成にまで復調したが、運用される車両は汎用車両のままであった。
- In this situation, entering the 1980s, use of three train-car organizations, later six train-car organizations, was restored, but only general-use train-cars continued being used for operation.
- 1980年代前半までホーム有効長が7両分しかなかったため、8両編成の列車は上り・下りとも進行方向最後尾1両のみドアカットを行っていた。
- Because the entire length of the effective platform was equal to only seven cars until the early 1980s, trains that consisted of eight cars (both inbound and outbound trains) had to keep the doors of the last car closed at the station in the direction of travel.
- 静岡県では、1990年代に入るとそれらの酵母に適合する酒米の開発に力を注ぎ、1998年に県農業試験場にて山田錦へのγ線照射を行なった。
- Since the early 1990s, Shizuoka Prefecture had endeavored to develop sakamai that matches such yeasts and, in 1998, the prefectural agricultural experiment station conducted the gamma irradiation of Yamada nishiki.
- しかし、第二次ベビーブーム世代が成人式を迎えた1990年代前半が過ぎると、少子化の影響で成人となる者の実数が減少の一途となっていった。
- However, after the first half of the 1990s when children of baby boomers reached the age to participate in the Seijin-shiki ceremony, the actual number of youths entering adulthood has been falling due to the low birthrate.
- そもそも、この施設が開設されるきっかけとなったのは、1960年代後半から急速に姿を消していった蒸気機関車の動態保存を行うためであった。
- Initially, this facility was established for working preservation of steam locomotives, which had begun disappearing rapidly in the latter half of the 1960s.
- 特に1990年代以降、オウム真理教問題などの影響で宗教に対する社会の不信感が顕わになった時期と前後して教団外の場でも発言を行っている。
- Especially from the 1990s, about the time the sense of mistrust in religion by society arose because of affairs such as the Aum Shinrikyo, he states his opinion also at the outside of the sect.
- 建築された年代は不明であるが、淳和天皇の皇太弟時代の弘仁4年(813年)に実兄の嵯峨天皇が当時南池院と呼ばれていたここに行幸している。
- The year of construction is unknown, but in 813 when Emperor Junna's Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor sho is heir apparent) was taking up the reins, his older brother Emperor Saga visited this place called Nanchi-in Palace at that time.
- 1970年代には埋め立てて公園と駐車場にする計画が立てられたが「よみがえる近江八幡の会」「八幡堀を守る会」などの住民運動によって蘇った。
- Although there was a reclamation plan of the site to make a park and a parking lot in the 1970s, the castle was revived by citizens' movements including 'Yomigaeru Omihachiman no Kai' (Revitalize Omihachiman), 'Hachiman-bori wo Mamoru Kai' (Save Hachiman-bori Moat).
- 1880年代に国境線画定の会談(「勘界会談」)がもたれたが、その結果豆満江(図們江)・鴨緑江をもってとりあえず国境線とすることとなった。
- There was a meeting to fix borders in 1880's ('Kamgye Conference') and as the result, the Tumen river (図們江 in Chinese) and the Yalu river became borders between Korea and China.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、当初は現在の嵯峨清涼寺の近くにあったが、江戸時代初期豪商角倉了以が現在地に移したものとされる。
- The period of construction is unknown, however, it is known that the temple originally stood near Shoryo-ji Temple in Saga, and was transferred to its present location by a wealthy merchant, Ryoi SUMINOKURA, during the Edo period.
- C61・C62形が登場した1940年代後半、日本の鉄道は極端な石炭不足に悩まされており、主要幹線など電化の必要がある路線の電化を行った。
- In the latter half of the 1940s when the C61/C62 types appeared, Japanese railroad companies were suffering from extreme shortage of coal, so that they were conducting the electrification of lines out of the need of electrification including the main lines.
- また徳田太兵衛は雑煮を詰まらせて死んだことで知られ、それはこの忠能に正月の挨拶に行ったときのこととされるが、年代にずれがあるようである。
- Additionally, Tahei TOKUDA died after choking on vegetable soup containing rice cakes, and it is believed this occurred while visiting Tadayoshi for New Year's, but the dates do not seem to match.
- かつては無人駅であったが、周辺の1960年代からの宅地開発に伴う利用客数の増加に併せ有人駅化され、現在ではみどりの窓口も設置されている。
- Although the station was once unmanned, it has become a manned station due to the increase of passengers associated with housing land development carried out nearby since the 1960s; currently, the JR Ticket Office 'Midori-no-madoguchi' is also in service.
- 通し矢の記録を記した『年代矢数帳』(慶安4年〈1651年〉序刊)に明確な記録が残るのは慶長11年(1606年)の浅岡平兵衛が最初である。
- The Heibei ASAOKA in 1606 that first appeared in 'Nendai Yakazu Cho' (the chronicle of arrow number records, published in 1651) was the first source to record the score of Toshiya.
- 分流の大草流の相伝書としても『大草流料理書』『大草殿より相伝の聞書』などがあり、成立年代は不明だが、上記書籍より若干下る時代と思われる。
- The Okusa School books of inherited teachings including 'Okusa School Cooking Book,' 'Lecture Notes of Inherited Teachings from Master Okusa,' and the like which also survive, all of which are supposed to have been written a little later than the book mentioned above even though the actual creation date is unknown.
- しかし、1960年代後半ごろから、カレーライスという呼び方が優勢となり、現在ではライスカレーという言葉はほとんど死語となるに至っている。
- From the late 1960s, however, 'curry rice' (a Japanese term for curry and rice) became predominant, with 'rice curry' having become nearly an obsolete word today.
- 静岡県は、昔はそれほどの酒どころでもなかったが、1980年代に清酒酵母静岡酵母の誕生により一躍「吟醸酒王国」などと呼ばれるようになった。
- In the past, Shizuoka Prefecture wasn't famous as a sake-producing area, but thanks to the birth of the Shizuoka sake yeast in the 1980s the prefecture came to be called the 'Kingdom of ginjo sake.'
- 昭和30年代には教誨師となり、刑務所や少年院での内観普及に尽力し、昭和35年ころには有力な矯正手法として全国各地の矯正施設で採用される。
- From 1955 to 1964, he was a Kyokaishi to spread Naikan therapy at prisons and juvenile reformatories; by 1960, Naikan was introduced as an effective method to correctional institutions across the country.
- さらに17年、小坂鉱山(秋田県)の払い下げを受けると、技術革新に力をいれ、明治30年代後半には、銀と銅の生産で日本有数の鉱山に成長させた。
- Moreover, in 1884, he purchased the Kosaka Mine (Akita Prefecture) from the government and, by focusing on technical innovation, had turned it into Japan's most productive copper and silver mine by the early 1900s.
- 紀 古佐美(き の こさみ、730年代前半 - 延暦16年4月4日 (旧暦)(797年))は、奈良時代後期から平安時代初期にかけての公卿。
- KI no Kosami (the early 730's-April 4, 797) was a Court noble of the higher ranks from the late Nara period to the early Heian period.
- 1960年代には安田徳太郎が『万葉集の謎』に於いて日本語の祖語はインド北部レプチャ語であるとし、万葉集はレプチャ語で読めると主張していた。
- In the 1960s, Tokutaro YASUDA stated in his book 'Manyo no Nazo' (Mystery of the Manyoshu) that the parent language of Japanese is Rong from the northern part of India, and that the Manyoshu can be read by the Rong.
- すなわち1860年代以降の清朝は、西欧の諸知識・技術を摂取しようという機運が高まっており、国際法への関心もその延長線上にあるものであった。
- Namely, in the Qing dynasty since 1860's, movement to absorb knowledge and technologies of western countries had been gathering momentum and interest in international law was its extension.
- 戦後、金鵄勲章が廃止され、あわせて通常の叙勲(現職官吏等への叙勲)もしばらく停止されたことから、昭和30年代まで生前叙勲は行われなかった。
- After WWII, since the Order of the Golden Kite was abolished and ordinary bestowal of an order, i.e., bestowal on incumbent officials, was suspended for a while, the medals for merit were not bestowed on the recipients in their lifetime until the 30s of the Showa era (1955-1964).
- そして第二次世界大戦時の日系人の強制収容という悲劇を乗り越え、1960年代以降のアメリカ社会における地位向上の時代を経て現代に至っている。
- And after surviving the tragedy of Japanese American Internment during the World War II, they have seen the improvement of their position in American society since the 1960s.
- 60年代中期、チャンバラもののブームが過ぎた後は、集団抗争劇へ移行し、『十三人の刺客』(1963年)、『大殺陣』(1964年)を生み出す。
- In the mid 1960s after the sword fighting movie boom, he shifted to making films about a group of assassins and produced 'Thirteen Assassins' (1963) and 'The Great Duel' (1964).
- 書かれた年代ははっきりせず、一般には建保2年(1214年)に源実朝に献上したという「茶徳を誉むる所の書」を完本の成立とするが、定説はない。
- The year of its writing is not certain, and there is no established theory, but it was generally considered 'The document to praise tea drinking' presented to MINAMOTO no Sanetomo in 1214 to be Kanbon (complete edition).
- 朝廷の代表者である正親町天皇と信長の関係については、織田政権の性格づけに関わる大きな問題であり、1970年代より活発な論争が行われてきた。
- The relationship between Emperor Ogimachi, a representative of the Imperial Court, and Nobunaga is a big issue determining the character of the Oda government, which has been actively discussed since 1970s.
- 1980年代後半までは、普通列車でも時間帯によっては通過する列車があった(これは並河駅や吉富駅 (京都府)、それに淵垣駅も同じであった)。
- Until the late 1980s, some local trains passed the station without stopping during certain hours (as was also the case with the Namikawa, Yoshitomi (Kyoto Prefecture) and Fuchigaki stations).
- その後、30年代半ばになると、本場の京都や大阪周辺の海老芋の産地が、次々と住地化されていったため、中遠地方が主産地となり現在に至っている。
- After that, around 1960, as the sources of ebi-imo around the land of its birth, Kyoto and Osaka, gradually became residential areas, Chuen became the main source, and has remained so up to the present day.
- 1980年代後半になって、にがりで作られた豆腐の味が見直され始め、最近ではスーパーなどで容易ににがりを使った豆腐が入手できるようになった。
- In the latter half of the 1980s, the taste of tofu made with bittern was again viewed with favor, and now tofu made with bittern is easily available at supermarkets, etc.
- 1990年代の後半ごろから、全国各地の特産品や名産物を具にしたレトルトカレーが次々に登場し、ご当地カレーというべきジャンルを形成している。
- From around the late 1990s, retort curry products that use as ingredients indigenous products or special products from each region of Japan started to appear one after another, forming a genre called 'gotochi curry' (local curry).
- 1990年代以降には、情報通信の発展に対応し、国立国会図書館は主にインターネット上のウェブサイトを通じた電子図書館機能拡充を模索し始めた。
- After the 1990s the NDL started to expand its digital library functions, primarily via websites on the Internet, in response to developments in telecommunications.
- 従来、構築年代が3世紀末から4世紀初頭であり、卑弥呼が死亡したされる3世紀前半との時期にずれがあるため、その可能性は少ないといわれてきた。
- Traditionally, this has been considered unlikely because there is a lag between the date of construction between the end of the third century and the early fourth century and that of her death, which is believed to be in the first half of the third century.
- これが現在の射的場(スマートボールなども含め)の原形であり、昭和30年代頃まで俗に「矢場の女」といわれる遊女が射的場に存在した理由である。
- This was the original form of current shooting galleries (including games such as 'smart ball'), which until the 1950s coexisted with prostitutes, who were known in slang as 'women of the yaba.'
- 養賢は、吃音のため自己の意思や感情の表現ができず、戦前当時の軍国的な若者たち、同年代の女性たちと自分とのあいだに精神的な高い壁を感じていた。
- Yoken could not effectively express his thoughts and feelings due to his stammer, and felt there to be large mental barrier between himself and his peers, the contemporary militaristic young men and women during World War II.
- 年代はあいまいであるが藤原定家の生きた80年(1162〜1242)あるいは、後鳥羽院の生きた60年(1180〜1239)を当てることが多い。
- Although the dates are unclear, it often refers to the period from 1162 to 1242, the eighty years when FUJIWARA no Sadaie lived, or the period from 1180 to 1239, the sixty years when Gotobain lived.
- 明治20年代なかば頃から深刻さを増し、農民の県庁への直訴騒動が起こっていた煙害問題を解決するため、1894年(明治27年)に新居浜に赴いた。
- In 1894, he visited Niihama to solve an air pollution problem caused by smoke, which intensified during the 1890s and led peasants to petition directly to the prefectural government.
- 当時、廃仏毀釈で大きな打撃を受けた寺院建築の保護が課題となっており、関野貞は奈良・京都の主な建築を調査し、それらの建築年代をまとめていった。
- A key issue in those days was the protection of temple architecture, as many temples had been badly affected by haibutsu-kishaku (the anti-Buddhist movement in the Meiji era that resulted in the destruction of many Buddhist temples), and so Tadashi SEKINO conducted field research to record the year of construction of the major buildings located in Nara and Kyoto.
- 同時期に中国各地の開港場に設置された租界と基本的には同じであり、日本では1920年代頃まで中国における租界も一般的に「居留地」と呼んでいた。
- The foreign settlements in Japan were basically identical to the concessions ('sokai' in Japanese) founded in the treaty ports of China around the same period; as a result, the concessions in China were also generally referred to in Japan as 'foreign settlements' until the 1920s.
- 江戸時代も年代が経つにつれて、一代家老が登用される例が微増して行き一代家老に対して、家老連綿の家柄である門閥出身の家老を、永代家老と呼んだ。
- Over the years in the Edo period, the examples of an Ichidai-garo officer being appointed increased little by little, and in contrast to these Ichidai-garo officers, the Karo officers from families that had produced a Karo officer for generations were called Eidai-garo (permanent Karo).
- だが1970年代に入り、これらも国鉄DE10形ディーゼル機関車などの入れ替え専門のディーゼル機関車が登場すると、次々と置き換えられていった。
- However, with the beginning of the 1970s these steamers were continuously displaced by shunting-only diesel locomotives such as JNR DE10 steamer locomotives
- 楽浪の時代を通じて強力な勢力をもった楽浪王氏は斉(中国山東省)の出自といわれ、前一七〇年代に斉の内乱を逃れて楽浪の山中に入植したものという。
- The Rakuroo clan that had strong political power throughout the Rakuro area is said to have originated in the Qi dynasty (Shandong Province, China) and colonized the mountains in Rakuro after escaping from the Qi dynasty civil wars in the B.C. 170's.
- 1968年(昭和43年)に開封された元禄の大古酒のように279年まで行かなくとも、熟成期間100年を超した年代ものは一般に大古酒と呼ばれる。
- Aged sake, stored over 100 years is generally called daikoshu, needless to mention about 279 years of daikoshu from the Genroku period opened in 1968.
- この種の詩画軸で年代のわかる最古のものとされるのが藤田美術館蔵の『柴門新月図』(さいもんしんげつず)で、応永12年(1405年)の作である。
- The oldest datable Shigajiku seems to be 'Saimon-Shingetsu-zu (picture of simple and quiet residence and new moon)' housed in Fujita Museum of Art, which was made in 1405.
- はざみ山古墳は前方部が東を向き、5世紀中葉の造営年代が推定されるのに対し、野中宮山古墳は前方部が西を向き、5世紀前葉に造られたと考えられる。
- The Hazamiyama tumulus, whose front part faces the east, is considered having been constructed in the middle era of the fifth century, while the Nonaka Miyayama tumulus, whose front part faces the west, is considered having been built in the first half of the fifth century.
- 1917年~1920年頃(大正7年~10年頃):与謝郡伊根町本坂に、工場長自ら大仏を建造(資料が一切なく、この辺りの年代はかなり曖昧である)
- From 1917 to around 1920: The factory manager himself built the Daibutsu at Honzaka, Ine-cho, Yosa-gun (Since there is no record, this time is very obscure).
- なお1980年代のバブル景気の頃よりは、鮮魚から活魚などのような活きたまま輸送する技術も発達、こういった活魚市場の末端を寿司屋が担っている。
- From the bubble economy of the 1980s, with the development of transportation, fresh fish or live fish could be transported and sushi restaurants are situated next to such live fish markets.
- その後、前述のように『御触書集成』と呼ばれ、4回の編纂部分を編纂開始の年代ごとに「寛保集成」「宝暦集成」「天明集成」「天保集成」と呼称された。
- Later, as mentioned previously, the entire collections came to be called 'Ofuregaki shusei,' and each of the four edited portions was known as the 'Kanpo shusei' (collection in Kanpo era), 'Horeki shusei' (collection in Horeki era), 'Tenmei shusei' (collection in Tenmei era) and 'Tenpo shusei' (collection in Tenpo era), respectively, according to the period when the compilation started.
- また1910年から1920年代中頃までは朝鮮人の平均身長も伸びており「朝鮮人の生活水準が着実に向上していたのは明らか」とする見解も存在している
- There also exists a view that the Korean's average height increased from 1910 to the mid 1920s, which 'clearly shows that the Korean living standard steadily improved.'
- 旧豊岡村では、天竜川上流に佐久間ダム・秋葉ダムが完成したことから、洪水の心配が少なくなった昭和30年代初めに、本格的に栽培されるようになった。
- The former Toyooka-mura started to grow ebi-imo in earnest during the late 1950's, as the construction of Sakuma dam and Akiha dam at the upper reaches of the Tenryu river was completed and they did not have to worry about flooding as much as before.
- 卓袱台(ちゃぶだい)は、大正から戦中を経て、昭和40年代にかけて、日本の家庭で一般に用いられた四脚で折りたたみのできる木製の食卓(テーブル)。
- A chabudai is a four-legged foldaway table made of wood, which was generally used in Japanese homes from the Taisho period, through wartime, to the 1970s.
- 1950年代半ばに建設が始まった公団住宅は、水洗トイレ、風呂、ダイニングキッチン、ベランダなどを取り入れ、近代的なものとして憧れの住宅だった。
- Public housing that began to be built in the latter half of the 1950s incorporated features such as flushing toilets, bathrooms, eat-in kitchens and balconies, and were admired as modern housing.
- 最も有名なものは紀伊国(和歌山県)の那智勝浦町における補陀落渡海で、『熊野年代記』によると、868年から1722年の間に20回実施されたという。
- The most famous example of fudaraku-tokai was the practice in Nachikatsura-cho, Ki Province (Wakayama Prefecture), which is said to have been performed 20 times from 868 to 1722 according to 'Kumano Nendaiki (the Chronicle of Kumano).'
- 表面には、「寳」字および大黒図柄が打たれ、その極印は宝永四ツ宝丁銀のものと同一であるが、「宝」字などの年代印は無く、品位は慶長丁銀と同一である。
- The coin has a Chinese character of 寳 (pronounced as ho, which means treasure) and an effigy of the god of wealth named Daikoku on its surface, and its hallmark is the same as that of Hoei Yotsuho Chogin (the silver coin minted since 1711); however, it has no seal of a Chinese character which represents the era name such as '宝,' and the grade of this coin is the same as that of Keicho Chogin.
- 1970年代後半頃から、終身雇用・年功序列などの「日本的経営」が日本の経済発展の基盤にあるという論調が多く見られるようになった(日本的経営論)。
- Since around the latter half of the 1970s, the tone of argument as follows could be seen a lot; 'Japanese-style management' such as lifetime employment and a seniority system form the foundation of economic development in Japan (Japanese-style management).
- 1960年代中期のピークは、1962年に当初の借地契約による分収金の効力が発生し、その支払いに充当するために大規模伐採を進めていたことが大きい。
- The peak around the middle of 1960s was generated mostly because, based on the initial land-leasing contract, it became necessary in 1962 to make a yearly payment (from profits from the logging business) and therefore, it became necessary to log a huge amount of trees to make the payment.
- したがって、1990年代に入ると近畿地方、それも大都市近郊に残された大規模な自然林と清流を擁する演習林を訪れる一般入林者が漸増するようになった。
- Therefore, entering the 1990s, the number of general public entering forest in Kinki region, and to this field practice forest where had a large scale natural forest and clear stream remained near big cities increased gradually,
- さらに黒田日出男は景観年代を1561年(永禄4年)以後としたうえで、作画完了は1565年(永禄8年)とする史料を示した(『謎解き洛中洛外図』)。
- Further, Hideo KURODA advances the year of the scenery painted as being in or after 1561, and he showed a historical record and specified the completion of the painting was 1565 ('Nazotoki Rakuchu Rakugaizu' (solving the mystery of Scenes In and Around Kyoto)).
- 戦時中には統制のため仲買制度は一度廃止されたが終戦後には復活し1950年代の中央卸売市場法の改正や昭和46年の卸売市場法を経て現在に至っている。
- Although the wholesale system was once abolished in order to control the distribution of goods during the War, the wholesale market resumed after the war, and it has grown further following the amendment of the Wholesale Market Act in the 1950s and the Wholesale Market Law enacted in 1971.
- ギャラリーでは黄桜のCMで使用された清水崑と小島功筆の原画を展示、隣のCFライブラリーコーナーでは昭和30年代からの黄桜のCMを観る事ができる。
- The gallery exhibits the original drawings by Kon SHIMIZU and Isao KOJIMA used in Kizakura's advertisements which are famous for the unique kappa (water imp) illustrations, and advertisements shown since 1955 can be watched in the adjacent Commercial Film Library Corner.
- 一方では藤原氏の政権掌握の功績は記述したいが、他方では皇権簒奪の事実は隠匿したいという欲求から生まれた年代・背景を改竄した記事であると考えられる。
- The article was intended to describe the Fujiwara clan's achievements on gaining political power while it was intended to keep the fact of the seizure of power secret, which led to the falsification of the year and the background.
- 本書の執筆年代は不明であるが、動機の1つとして安和の変の際にともに大宰府に送られた息子源俊賢に有職故実を伝授するために執筆されたとする見方もある。
- It is not known when the book was written, but some people say that one of the motivations to write it was to initiate Yusoku kojitsu to his son MINAMOTO no Toshikata who had been sent to Dazai-fu with him during the Anwa Incident.
- その後の1980年代以降では、義江彰夫、関幸彦、元木泰雄その他の方が、それら両論の成果を発展させるべくそれぞれの視点から積極的に論を展開している。
- Since the 1980s, Akio YOSHIE, Yukihiko SEKI, Yasuo MOTOKI, and others have passionately debated those two arguments from their respective points of view to develop each other's theory.
- 大規模病院こそ建設されなかったが、衛生所を中心とする医療体制によりマラリア、結核、ペストを減少させ、この医療体系は1980年代まで継承されていた。
- The public health system was dominated primarily by small local clinics rather than large hospitals, which policy was successful in decreasing malaria, plague, and tuberculosis and continued in Taiwan until the 1980s.
- 伝承によれば敏達天皇4年(575年)、百済の僧によってこの地に営まれた「槇山千坊」の一であったという(創建年代については宝亀2年・771年とも)。
- According to legend, the temple was one of the 'Makiyamasenbo' (priest lodges) run by monks from Baekje in 575 (it is also said to have been established in 771).
- 名乗りは他にもあり、数正、宗重、真安、宗孝など、いずれも武則の別名として伝わっており年代によって違うことから、本人の名なのか、子なのか混乱もある。
- Takenori also had other names (corresponding to Christian name for westerners) as 数正, 宗重, 真安, 宗孝 and so force, each of which was said to have been used by Takenori as an alias depending on the period; thus there is confusion as to whether certain usages refer to Takenori or one of his children.
- 中村重助は寛政6年頃まで役者として舞台に立っていたらしく、その後役者番付に見えないから、歌舞妓堂艶鏡の作画年代の寛政7年から8年のころと一致する。
- Jusuke NAKAMURA seems to have been acting on stage until around 1795, and after that he was not included in actors banzuke (literally, ranking lists, which referred to kabuki playbills), which matches the timing of the production by KABUKIDO Enkyo, from 1796 to 1797.
- かつては1980年代のマークIIなど、全長4.6メートル以上であっても1800ccクラスのエンジンを積む車種は小型車に分類されていた時代があった。
- There was an era in which vehicles, such as MARK II, of the 1800-cc class were classified as compact cars even though their length was 4.6 meters or longer.
- ホーム有効長は6両(駅が4代目駅舎となり南北自由通路が通行可能になった1990年代後半より以前には烏丸口に有人個別対応の券売窓口が存在していた)。
- The platform's effective length is six cars (until the latter half of 1990s, when the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro became available, there was a ticket booth at Karasuma-guchi (Karasuma entrance/exit), at which a teller would attend to individual passengers).
- 高麗時代以前の朝鮮鐘は朝鮮半島のほか日本にも多数伝来し、福井県常宮神社の鐘が年代の明らかなものとしては最古(唐の太和7年・833年)とされている。
- Korean Bonsho before the Goryeo period are found not only in the Korean Peninsula but also many in Japan and the oldest one with an established date, the year of 833, is the bell in Jogu-jinja Shrine in Fukui Prefecture.
- とくに「竹久夢二」に限っていえば、彼の場合、実質的に活躍した年代が大正期と重なり、その思索や行動そして作品において時代の浮き沈みと一体化している。
- Especially, in the case of Yumeji TAKEHISA, he was active in the Taisho period in particular, so the ups and downs of the period were synchronized with those of his thoughts, acts and works.
- しかしながら、1960年代に戸田芳実や石井進 (歴史学者)らによる国衙機構に関する研究が進展すると、武士の起源武装農民説はもはや成立し得なくなった。
- However, as research about the kokuga system was advanced by Yoshimi TODA and Susumu ISHII (each of them a historian) in the 1960s, it became impossible to consider that samurai originated in armed farmers.
- その期待に応えて成長した音阿弥は、20代前半の応永20年代からその活動記録があり、若くして観世座の次世代の担い手として活躍を始めていたことが分かる。
- Onami, who grew up under such expectations, had records of his activities when he was in his early twenties around 1413, and while young he started participating as the next-generation successor of the Kanze guild.
- 1970年代後半はJJサニー千葉や真田広之を主役に据えたアクション映画を手掛け、JAC(現ジャパンアクションエンタープライズ)の隆盛に貢献している。
- He contributed to action films starring JJ Sunny CHIBA and Hiroyuki SANADA in late 1970s, and Takamori from JAC (current Japan Action Enterprise).
- 日本軍の研究部門や軍需企業に所属し、戦後その職を失ったり技術を持て余していた優秀な人材を、昭和20年代の国鉄が多数獲得した事は見逃せない事実である。
- We cannot miss the fact that JNR in the era of 1945 - 1954 employed many talented engineers, who had belonged to the research sector of the Japanese forces or to munitions companies but lost their jobs or could not find jobs using their skills after the war.
- 大鉄局では昭和30年代に京都-神戸間の近距離快速電車の増発が目的で、低性能な旧形電車ではなく、快速から逃げ切れる高性能通勤電車を要求した事があった。
- In 1955, the Osaka Railway Bureau once requested high efficiency cars which could shake off Rapid service in order to increase the operation frequency of short-distance rapid trains on the Kyoto-Kobe section.
- 1960~1970年代には煎茶道は一時隆盛を迎えるが、近年煎茶の大衆化が進むにつれ煎茶道への関心は薄れてきており、現在動きは停滞している状況である。
- Sencha-do was at it's peak in the '60s to '70s, however, in accordance with the popularization of sencha, the interests of people waned and the activity currently reached a plateau.
- その後、1960年代後半から大分県で生産されている麦麹に麦を掛け合わせる麦焼酎が日本各地で注目を浴び、現在では大分県も麦焼酎の一大産地となっている。
- After that, since the late 1960's, barley shochu in which barley was mixed into malted barley produced in Oita prefecture, has been getting attention throughout the country and now Oita Prefecture is also one of the major production areas of barley shochu.
- このような反省に立ち、昭和40年代頃から、近世の民家建築、近代の洋風建築などが国の重要文化財や、地方公共団体の文化財に指定される例が漸増していった。
- Following a greater appreciation of this situation, a gradually increasing number of traditional private houses from the Edo Period and Western-style buildings of modern times have been designated as national important cultural properties or as cultural properties by local governments since the late 1960s.
- これに対して唐末期から五代十国時代を奴隷制から封建制へ切り替わりと捉える前田直典の論が出され、戦前から1970年代に渡って激しい論争が繰り広げられた。
- On the other hand, Naonari MAEDA proposed a view that the social system changed from slavery to the Hoken system during the era ranging from the closing years of the Tang period through the Wudai Shiguo period, and the argument was heated from the prewar period through the 1970's.
- 1950年代には片岡千恵蔵、市川右太衛門、月形龍之介、大友柳太朗、萬屋錦之介、東千代之介、大川橋蔵らを擁して時代劇ブームを巻き起こした(東映時代劇)。
- In the 1950s, Toei had many popular actors on its books, including Chiezo KATAOKA, Utaemon ICHIKAWA, Ryunosuke TSUKIGATA, Ryutaro OTOMO, Kinnosuke YOROZUYA, Chiyonosuke AZUMA and Hashizo OKAWA, and their work created a period-film boom (Toei Jidaigeki).
- なお、2000年の元興寺文化財研究所の発表によれば、禅室の部材を年輪年代測定法で調査したところ、西暦582年伐採の樹木が使用されているとのことである。
- In addition, according to the report issued by Gangoji Cultural Property Research Center in 2000, an examination into the components of the Zen-shitsu Room with the dendrochronological technique shows that those components included trees cut down in 582.
- 『諸寺縁起集』には敏達天皇13年(584年)創建説を載せているが、川原寺跡からの出土遺物(瓦など)の年代から見て、そこまでさかのぼるとは考えられない。
- 'Shoji Engi Shu' (a book describing the history of every temple) contains the theory that it was built in 584, but from looking at the age of objects that have been excavated from the Kawara-dera Temple ruins, such as tiles, it is unlikely that it was built that early.
- ところが、8世紀30年代ごろから藤原氏議政官が複数現れるようになると、藤原氏議政官が増加の一途をたどるのに対し、他氏族の議政官は次第に減少していった。
- However, as more than one person from the Fujiwara clan became Giseikan officers from about 730s, the number of Giseikan officers from other clans gradually diminished, corresponding to the increase in the number of Giseikan officers from the Fujiwara clan.
- 生年未詳ではあるが、応永21年(1414年)の年紀を持つ『竹生島縁起』に勧進者として名が挙がり、逆算して世阿弥と同年代かあるいはやや年下と考えられる。
- His birth year is uncertain, but according to 'Chikubu-jima Engi' (Legends of Chikubu Island) written in 1414 his name was recorded as kanjin (temple solicitation) person, and it is believed that he was the same age as Zeami or slightly younger than him by calculating.
- 1910年代後半になると、争いを繰り返す政治に絶望した知識人たちは、文学や学問といった文化による啓蒙活動で社会改革を目指そうとする新文化運動を興した。
- In the late 1910s, the intellectuals who were in despair over repetitive conflicts in politics, started a New Culture Movement, aiming at social reform through an awareness campaign involving culture such as literature and learning.
- 一説に広島に所在する関西風のお好み焼きを主に販売する大手チェーン店の徳川 (お好み焼きチェーン)が昭和30年代中頃に持ちこんだという説が主力ではある。
- One theory is the leading one; that the major chain stores TOKUGAWA (okonomiyaki chain store), located in Hiroshima and sold mainly Kansaifu-okonomiyaki, used mayonnaise around 1960.
- 後期や初期といった区分は、構造上の違いはほとんどなく、年代・発展や、平面規模の逓減率、初重平面が整っていったということにより分けられているものである。
- The division into the early and later periods is done by era/development, decrease rate of plane scale, and improvement of the Shoju (the first story) plane, and not by structural development.
- 近年、畿内の弥生時代IV・V期の年代観の訂正により、これらはおおよそ弥生時代後期後半 - 末(V期後半 - VI期)に併行するという考えが主流になった。
- As a result of recent chronological corrections to the Yayoi IV/V period in Kinai, the description is now considered to fall under the latter to the end of the Yayoi period (latter V period to VI period).
- 「美濃の蝮」の異名を持ち、下克上によって戦国大名に成り上がったとされる斎藤道三の人物像は、1960年代に始まった『岐阜県史』編纂の過程で大きく転換した。
- Dosan had a nickname of 'Mino no Mamushi' (viper of Mino Province), who became a Sengoku daimyo by destroying his master, but such an image of Dosan changed greatly in the process of compiling 'Gifuken-shi' which started in 1960's.
- ちなみに1970年代のヤクザ映画全盛期には、莫大な興行収入を得ながらもスタッフやキャストへの金払いが悪かった事、強引なブッキングを強いた事などがあった。
- During the heyday of Toei's yakuza films in 1970s, despite the company making enormous box-office profits it was reluctant to pay its staff and performers well and forced them to accept difficult commissions.
- 1980年代までは、「老朽化した古いビルのオフィス街」という認識であったが、1988年に起こった旧神戸商工会議所ビルの保存運動が街再生のきっかけとなる。
- The perceptions of The Former Foreign Settlement was 'Business district of decrepit old buildings' until 1980, however, the preservation movement of Former Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry Building occurred in 1988 triggered the revitalization of the town.
- 高度経済成長による日本人の生活様式の変化に伴い、伝統的な民家が急速に姿を消し始めた1960年代から民家の重要文化財指定が積極的に推進されるようになった。
- Commensurate with high economic growth, the Japanese lifestyle has changed; when traditional private houses began rapidly disappearing in the 1960s, the designation of private houses as important cultural properties was accelerated.
- しかし、膨大な蔵書を書架に配架して利用していく上で十進分類法に不便がみられたため、1960年代に国立国会図書館分類表が考案され、適用されるようになった。
- However, because the NDC was not convenient for storing an enormous collection of books in the bookshelves, the NDLC was invented and adopted in the 1960s.
- 民家(みんか)とは、一般の庶民が暮らす住まいのことだが、特に建築史や民俗学で、伝統的な様式で造られた農家、町家の類を指す(年代の古いものは古民家とも)。
- Minka are houses lived in by ordinary people, but in architectural history or in ethnology, minka means noka or machiya that are built with traditional designs (old ones are also called kominka) in particular.
- また中国では、1990年代より、洋装本の形式で刊行される中華大蔵教事業の一部として、過去の諸写本、諸版の多くを校合したテンギュルの編纂が進められている。
- Moreover, in China since the 1990s as part of the Chinese Tripitaka project, which will be published in the Western style, Bstan-hgyur (including many manuscripts and editions of past times) has been edited.
- 『伊吉博徳書』(いきのはかとこのしょ)は、伊吉連博徳が記した記録で、成立年代は、天武天皇の時代の十二年前後、または、持統天皇四年から九年とする見方がある。
- 'IKI no Hakatoko no Sho' was recorded by IKI no Muraji Hakatoko and there is a viewpoint that it was written in 12 years before the Emperor Tenmu era or from 690 to 695.
- 処刑の年代や場所、最期の様子については諸説があって判然としないが、『保暦間記』によると建久元年10月の頼朝の上洛の際に、美濃で斬首されたことになっている。
- The date and the place of the execution of Tadamune and his attitude at that time are unclear because there are several stories about them, but according to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14th century in Japan), Tadamune was beheaded in Mino Province in October 1190 when Yoritomo went to the capital (Kyoto).
- また、1980年代に、『万葉集』の言葉は古代朝鮮語と関係がある、又は、それにより解釈できるという意見が出され、一連の著作がベストセラーになったことがある。
- In the 1980s, it was suggested that the language used in the 'Manyoshu' is related to ancient Korean, and that the Manyoshu could have been read by Koreans of that time, and a series of books about this theory became a bestseller.
- 写本の所有者だったと思える高僧(相慶・法隆寺五師の一人、12世紀後半の人物)の名が末尾に記されている事から、成立年代が12世紀以前である事が確実ではある。
- It is certain that the book was completed before the 12th century because the last page of the manuscript has the name of high priest (Sokei, who lived during the latter half of the 12th century, one of the five priests in the Horyu-ji Temple), who seems to have owned it.
- 以上の画風・書風の検討、また男性歌人像の装束の胸部や両袖部の張りの強さを強調した描き方などから、佐竹本の制作年代は鎌倉時代中期、13世紀と推定されている。
- Based on the study of painting and handwriting style described above as well as the tenseness in drawing of chest and sleeves of male poets, it is estimated that the Satake version hand scrolls were made in the mid-Kamakura Period in the 13th century.
- 表面には「常是」および「寳」に加えて年代を現す文字極印が打たれ、また片面ないし両面に大黒天像の極印が丁寧に打たれたものが存在し、恩賞および贈答用とされる。
- Some of these coins had precise markings ('常是' [pronounced 'joze'], which was the heredity name of a refiner, and '寳' {pronounced 'ho'], meaning 'valuable') and the year they were made, while others were inscribed with the image of Daikokuten (Great Black God) on one or both sides, probably to indicate that they were prizes or gifts.
- 箸墓古墳の築造年代についても、研究者により多少の前後はあるものの卑弥呼の没年(248年頃)に近い3世紀の中頃から後半と見る説が最近では一般的になっている。
- Opinions concerning the Hashihaka Tumulus differ among scholars, though recently it is widely accepted that the tumulus was created between the mid-third century (which is close to the year of Himiko's death in 248) and the latter half of the third century.
- このため、昭和初期(地方によっては昭和20年代)まで酒は現在のように瓶で売られるのではなく、町の酒屋においてはまだ酒樽からの量り売りするのが主流であった。
- Therefore, until the early Showa period (or during the period from 1945 to 1954 in local regions), sake was sold mostly by measure from a sake barrel, not in a bottle.
- 大宝律令の施行は、660年代の百済復興戦争での敗戦以降、積み重ねられてきた古代国家建設事業が一つの到達点に至ったことを表す古代史上の画期的な事件であった。
- The enforcement of the Taiho Ritsuryo was an epoch-making event in the ancient history, which showed that a project of constructing an ancient nation which had been continued after the defeat in the war for the restoration of Baekje in the 660s, reached one of the goals.
- これは市電のワンマンカーと方式を合わせたためであるが、京都市内を走る民間バスがいずれも後ろ乗り後払い方式を採用したため、1970年代前半に切り替えられた。
- This system was introduced to conform to the one used in the one-man city trams, but subsequently it was changed in the first half of the 1970s to the one in which you get on from the rear-side door and pay the fare later, because such a system had been used in all the private company-operated buses running in Kyoto City.
- さらに1970年代に開発、発売された保温弁当容器も進化を遂げて、一昔前の大きな弁当箱というイメージは薄れ、男性用ビジネス鞄に入るスリムなタイプが登場した。
- Furthermore, the thermos lunchbox developed and released in the 1970's further evolved, and it was not what used to be (large lunchbox of a decade ago) but a new type of thermos lunchbox slim enough to slip into a man's bag.
- 1980年代になって、硯友社文学全体の再評価の中で、典拠や構想についての研究が進み、アメリカの小説にヒントを得て構想されたものであるという説が有力になった。
- In the 1980s, the whole literary works published by Kenyu-sha Company were revaluated, and the study of the souces and ideas for those novels was developed; as the result, a theory became dominant that this novel was based on American novels.
- 日清戦争は明治維新後近代国家形成をめざす日本と1860年代から洋務運動による近代化を進める中国(清朝)との間で行われた、朝鮮等をめぐる両者の全面戦争である。
- The Japanese-Sino War was a total war over Korea between Japan, aiming at the creation of a modern state after the Meiji Restoration, and China (the quing dynasty), in the process of modernization since the Western Affairs Movement in the 1860's.
- 11世紀40年代ごろから太政官によって制定され始めた公田官物率法は、一国内の税率を固定化する内容を持っており国司に付与された租税収取権に大きな制限を加えた。
- Koden kanmotsu rippo, which was established by Dajokan around 1140, restricted kokushi's right to collect tax since it included the provision which fixed the tax rate in a province.
- 日系企業がアメリカ進出し始めた1970年代後半から現在にいたるまで、アメリカへ転勤により移住した駐在員家庭や現地留学、移民した人の子供達(例:マシ・オカ)。
- It refers to the children of those who lived or have been living in the U.S. because of a family member's job transfer, who studied in the U.S., or who immigrated to the U.S. since the late 1970s, when Japanese companies started penetrating the U.S. market (Ex. Masi OKA, a Japanese American actor).
- 年代が重なるにつれ、番号や指定区間がめまぐるしく変わっていく中でも、街道の区間・経由地は大きくは変わらず、とくに地元ではその名称で親しまれていることも多い。
- Although road numbers and their designated sections have rapidly changed over the years, sections and places where Kaido routes have not changed remarkably has resulted in many people feeling a warm affection for Kaido names.
- 柏崎永以が1740年代に編纂した『古老茶話』も巷間の伝承を記録したものであるが、宮本武蔵と吉岡兼房の対戦が記されており、結果はやはり引き分けと記されている。
- 'Koro Sawa' (Old Man's Tea Talk), which was written by Ei KASHIWAZAKI in the 1740's, lists folklore including a version of the drawn game between Musashi and 'Kanefusa YOSHIOKA.'
- 室町時代中期から江戸時代にかけて薩摩盲僧琵琶から薩摩琵琶が派生し、また薩摩琵琶および三味線音楽の影響のもと明治20年代に筑前盲僧琵琶から筑前琵琶が派生した。
- The Satsuma biwa was created from the Satsuma moso-biwa from the middle of the Muromachi period to the Edo period and the Chikuzen biwa was created from the Chikuzen moso-biwa under the influence of the Satsuma biwa and shamisen music in the 1880s.
- 現在(2000年代)の把握されている纒向遺跡の範囲は北は烏田川、南は五味原川、東は山辺の道に接する巻野内地区、西は東田地区およびその範囲は約3km2になる。
- The known area of these remains (as of the year 2000 and later) is about 3 square kilometers, which extends to the north up to Karasuda River, to the south up to Gomibara River, to the east up to Makinouchi Area close to Yamanobeno-michi Street, to the west up to Higashida Area.
- さらに、約3万年以前の尖頭器、最終氷期最寒冷期以後の槍先形尖頭器、縄文時代の石槍など、製作ないし使用された年代の相違を考慮し、それぞれを呼び分ける場合も多い。
- In addition, these stone tools are often called by different names considering the difference of the time when these stone tools were made or used, such as those made more than 30 thousand yeas ago called simply 'point,' those appeared soon after the coldest period of the Last Glacial Maximum called 'lanceolate-shaped point,' those of the Jomon period called 'stone spear.'
- 宝暦13年(1763年)に書かれた宣長初期の著作であり、未定稿のまま保管されていたが、没後文化13年(1816年)に刊行された(成立年代については他説あり)。
- This book, written in 1763, was one of Norinaga's early works and was stored as an unfinished manuscript, but was published in 1816 after his death (there are other opinions on when the manuscript was completed).
- 沢柳事件の経緯と結末により「大学自治の本山」とみなされた京大は、1930年代以降、戦時体制のもとで大学への統制を進めようとする勢力からは敵視されるようになる。
- Kyoto Imperial University, which was regarded as 'the center of university autonomy' thanks to the development and conclusion of the Sawayanagi incident, came to be regarded as an enemy by people who intended to place universities under the government's control under the wartime regime in 1930's.
- 新田義貞の妻(正妻は安東氏の娘)とされるが、新田義貞との関係が記されているのは『太平記』においてのみであり、年代的な推定などから創作である可能性が非常に高い。
- Although it is said that she was the wife of Yoshisada NITTA (his legally wedded wife was a daughter of the Ando clan), descriptions of her relationships with Yoshisada NITTA are included only in 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) and it is highly likely that they were imagenary, considering chronological estimates and others.
- かつては同志社全学校でEVEを開催してきたが、1950年代頃より独自のEVEを開催するようになり、1962年から正式の大学祭として位置づけられるようになった。
- All the Doshisha schools once celebrated 'Doshisha Eve' together, but since the 1950s each school has come to hold its own festival, and in 1962 'Doshisha Eve' at Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts was officially approved as a university festival.
- 60年代後半から東映の新たな主流路線となった任侠ものでも、『日本暗黒史・血の抗争』(1967年)、『日本暗黒史・情無用』(1968年)のやくざ映画を手がけた。
- In the boom of ninkyo (men of chivalry) films which became the new mainstream at Toei after the late 1960s, he produced several yakuza (Japanese gangster) films including 'Nippon Ankokushi, Chi no Koso' (Japanese dark history, bloody conflicts, 1967) and 'Nippon Ankokushi, Nasakemuyo' (Japanese dark history, relentless fight, 1968).
- 1970年代以降は、大映テレビを中心に『ザ・ガードマン』、『赤い衝撃』などの「赤いシリーズ」、『スチュワーデス物語』などのテレビドラマの演出・脚本を手がける。
- Since the 1970's he was involved in production and scriptwriting of TV dramas such as 'The Gardman,' 'The Red Series' including 'Akai shogeki' (Red shock), and 'Stewardess monogatari' (Tale of stewardess).
- これらの事故は、山陽新幹線が建設された昭和40年代以降、高度成長期の建設ブームのもと、促成による手抜き施工が新幹線工事でも随所で行われていたことを露呈させた。
- These accidents exposed the fact that, in the construction boom in the high-growth period in the middle of the 1960s and later when the Sanyo Shinkansen was built, hasty and sloppy work existed in various portions of the Shinkansen lines.
- 当初は運賃・料金でも差が小さかったことや、到達時間の差などから客を新幹線に次々と奪われ、大阪万博のあった1970年を除き、1970年代前半までは低迷が続いた。
- Initially, because the differences in the fares and fees were small and there were differences in their traveling time, more and more passengers came to use the Shinkansen line, and the limited express business continued to be sluggish until the first half of 1970s, except in 1970 when the Osaka Expo was held.
- 1950年代から盛平の弟子たちが積極的に海外普及に努めた結果、欧州・北南米・東南アジアなど国際的に広まり、合気会だけで現在約80ヶ国に支部道場を開設している。
- As a result of the efforts by Morihei's disciples (beginning in the 1950s) to spread it abroad, it spread globally to Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, etc., and Aikikai alone has branch training halls in about 80 countries.
- 新潟県内での五百万石の最大産地である上越市吉川区では1980年代から永田農法による栽培に取り組み、糖度・硬度・構造などの醸造適性を工夫した酒米を生産している。
- In Yoshikawa-ku, Joetsu City, which is the largest Gohyakumangoku growing district in Niigata Prefecture, efforts to grow it with the Nagata agricultural method have been made since the 1980s and sakamai with improved brewing aptitude (such as sugar content, hardness and structure) have been produced.
- 1990年代ごろになると、こうした士農工商像を批判的に検証し、同時代の一次史料に基づく実証的な研究によって、新たな江戸時代の身分制度像が提示されるようになった。
- Around 1990s, an empirical study, which critically verified the above-mentioned concept of shi-no-ko-sho and used the primary sources of the same period as a basis, started to present a new concept of the class system in the Edo period.
- これに加えて初期多田源氏の系譜には混乱がみられることなどから、多田庄は満仲から七男源頼範とその子の頼綱に継承されたとする説が昭和40年代に提起されたことがある。
- In addition, there are some disorders in the early genealogy of Tada-Genji, so that it was suggested during the 1960s or 1970s that Mitsunaka had handed over Tada Manors to his seventh son, MINAMOTO no Yorinori, and to Yorinori's son, Yoritsuna.
- 東宝退社後の1970年代後半からは、『ダイナマイトどんどん』(1978年)、『近頃なぜかチャールストン』(1981年)、『ジャズ大名』(1986年)などを監督。
- Since the late 1970s, after having left Toho, he directed such films: 'Dynamite Bang Bang' (informal literal English title) (1978), 'At This Late Date, the Charleston' (1981), and 'Dixieland Daimyo' (1986).
- おたあの最期についての詳細は不明であるが、1950年代に神津島の郷土史家・山下彦一郎なる人物により、神津島にある由来不明の供養塔がおたあの墓であると主張された。
- Although Ota's death is not known in detail, a local historian named Hikoichiro YAMASHITA, living in Kozu-shima Island, claimed in the 1950's that a tower erected for the repose of dead people's souls in Kozu-shima Island, the history of which had not been known, was actually Ota's tomb.
- 特に急進派の団体で、昭和40~50年代の過激派全盛期の各党派の新人活動家獲得のための勧誘活動になぞらえ自派の折伏活動をオルグ(オルガナイザー)と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Especially in some radical organizations, their own shakubuku activities are sometimes called Orugu (organizer) using an analogy from inducement activities for acquiring new activists by each party sect during the heyday of radical groups from 1965 to 1975.
- こうした宮型造りの銭湯は昭和40年代頃まで関東近郊で盛んに建てられたが、自宅に作る内風呂が普及し、またビルに建て替えられる銭湯も多くなって、数少なくなってきた。
- Although large numbers of shrine-shaped sento of this kind were built in the suburbs of Kanto up until the period from 1965 to 1974, they became scarce because the home bath prevailed and many sento were remodeled for other uses.
- 鴻臚館という名称が難波館に用いられた年代は定かではないが、そののち承和11年(844年)に難波の鴻臚館が摂津国国府の政庁に転用され廃止されたとの記録が残っている。
- It is uncertain when the name Korokan was used for Naniwa-no-murotsumi, however, there is a record that Korokan in Naniwa was disused in 844 after being converted into a government office belonging to the provincial office of Settsu Province.
- それでも60年代半ばまでは業界的にはNET系のプロダクションと見られていたと、キャラクター作品担当のプロデューサーだった平山亨は後日雑誌「宇宙船」で回顧している。
- Even so, Toru HIRAYAMA, a producer in charge of character series at that time, later looked back and commented in the magazine 'Uchusen' that by the middle of the 1960s Toei was regarded as an NET-affiliated production company within the industry.
- 成立年代については、甲種は延慶 (日本)元年から文保2年以前(1308年 - 1318年)と考えられ、乙種は正安年間(1299年 - 1302年)頃の成立という。
- The date of the first category is considered to be between 1308 and 1318 while that of the second category is said to be around the Shoan era (1299-1302).
- 同志社大学ラグビー部は関西学生ラグビー界屈指の強豪として知られ、80年代前半には全国大学ラグビーフットボール選手権大会において3連覇を含む4度の優勝を成し遂げた。
- The Doshisha rugby team is well known as a very strong team in the Kansai college rugby society; they won four times including consecutive wins in the Inter-college rugby football championships in the early 80's.
- 彼女は1140年代中頃から、範誉、行快(1146年 - 1202年)、範命(1148年 - 1208年)、行遍、行詮、行増らの男子と、数人の女子を次々ともうけた。
- Around the middle 1140s, Torii zenni successively gave birth to some sons and daughters, and her sons were Noriyo, Gyokai (1146 - 1202), Hanmyo (1148 - 1208), Gyohen, Gyosen, Gyozo and others.
- また1910年代には、東京 - 大阪間に電車による高速新路線「日本電気鉄道」を敷設する計画が民間から出されたが、国の許可するところとならず、実現には至っていない。
- In the 1910s, a plan to construct 'the Japan electric railway,' a new high-speed railway based on electric train-cars between Tokyo and Osaka, was proposed from the private sector, but failed to be implemented because the national government did not approve of it.
- そして、その普通列車削減の流れが進んだ昭和50年代に、日本一の運行距離を有する普通列車(鈍行)として鉄道ファンに注目されるようになったのが、この824列車である。
- From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980's, when the number of local trains had already been considerably reduced, this 824 train attracted the attention of railway enthusiasts as the local train (slow train) that ran the longest distance in Japan.
- 神戸~福知山系統を除き、いずれも1980年代から運転されている路線であるが、大幅な増発こそないものの、高速道路網の延長に合わせて、所要時間の短縮を繰り返している。
- Except for the route between Kobe Sannomiya Station and Fukuchiyama Station, every bus service has been operated since the 1980s; the time needed to cover the distance has become shorter and shorter as the expressway network has been extended, although the number of bus services hasn't significantly increased.
- 1970年代になると年賀はがきに絵や文字を印刷する年賀状印刷がさかんになっていき、1982年から寄付金付きの年賀はがきにの裏面に絵や賀詞が印刷されるようになった。
- In the 1970s, it became popular to print drawings and letters on New Year's postcards, and since 1982 such drawings and words of congratulations have been printed on the back of charitable New Year's postcards.
- 平成時代へと突入した1990年代、コンビニエンスストアが地方でも一般的になり温かい弁当が一般化すると、駅弁でも化学反応を利用して加熱できるタイプのものが登場した。
- In the 1990's when the Heisei period started, convenience stores as well as warm bentos became popular in local areas, Ekiben heated by chemical reaction became available.
- 現在まで、神籠石が何時頃作られたかも判明しておらず、成立年代は同じであったとしても、これほど様々に状況の違うものを現在的視点から神籠石と総称している可能性は高い。
- It is unclear as to when the kogo-ishi were built, and even if they are of the same era it is probable that we only collectively refer to the wide variety of constructions as 'kogo-ishi' based on the distorting prism of what remains today.
- 大学のサークルとしての落語研究会 (サークル活動)(通称「落研(おちけん)」)が生まれたのは昭和20年代頃で、東京大学や早稲田大学のものが始まりだと言われている。
- From the 1940s and 50s rakugo study associations known as ochiken began to appear in several universities as a form of extra-curricular activity, Tokyo University and Waseda University being among the first.
- 欧州における絹の産地として知られたフランス・イタリアでは、1850年代にノゼマと呼ばれる原生生物が原因とするカイコの伝染病が流行し、両国の養蚕業は壊滅状態になった。
- In France and Italy, known production areas of silk in Europe, silkworm infectious disease caused by the protist called Nosema broke out during the 1850's, devastating the sericultural industry in both countries.
- 1980年代以前の小説や一般向け書籍では、早雲を「非常に長命な大器晩成」「徒手空拳の素浪人」として書かれているものが多く、海音寺潮五郎の早雲の史伝などは典型である。
- Most novels and books for the general public published during and after the 1980s describe Soun as 'a man who bloomed late and lived a long life' and as 'a masterless samurai who had built himself up from nothing,' with Chogoro KAIONJI's historical legend being typical.
- 飛散量の増加の原因は、戦後、建材および治水・治山の目的で全国に広くスギが植林され、それらが1960年代後半より花粉生産力の強い樹齢30年程度に達し始めたためである。
- The reason for the increase in airborne pollen levels is the widespread Japanese cedar afforestation that took place throughout Japan after the Second World War in order to provide building materials as well as for the purposes of flood control and forest conservation, and it was in the latter half of the 1960s that these trees began to reach the age of 30 years when they have the greatest pollen producing capacity.
- このほか明らかに山城国全域の人口と混乱して50万人前後の人口を伝えたり、同じ人口に関して異なる年代で記述されるなど、信頼の低いものもあるが、参考までに以下列挙する。
- For reference, the table below shows the following data sets, although they are less reliable owing to some defects of sources, such as the data confusion with the total population (approx. 500,000) of Yamashiro Province or the repetition of the same figure in different years.
- 草創の年代は不詳だが、「新抄格勅符抄」によると大同_(日本)元年(806年)に神封七戸を得たとされ、貞観_(日本)元年(859年)には従五位上の神階を賜わっている。
- The time of the shrine's founding is unknown but according to 'Shinsho Kyakuchoku Fusho,' the shrine was allotted seven households in the year 806 and was granted the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in the year 859.
- 書写年代は12世紀であるが、一部に11世紀にさかのぼる見返し絵を持つ経典が混入しており、これは伝来の途上で失われた経巻を、由来の異なる他経で補ったものとされている。
- The transcriptions were made in the 12th century but some sutras dating back to the 11th century and containing end-paper illustrations are included, and these are believed to have been added to make up for those scrolls that were lost while the collection was being transported.
- 1970年代初頭には女性向ファッション雑誌のアンアンやnon-noが創刊され、その中で店舗が紹介されて女性客の比率が半分を超えるようになり、この傾向は現在まで続く。
- In the early 1970's, fashion magazines aimed at women, such as anan and non-no were founded, and shops were introduced by such magazines and the ratio of female customers exceeded half; this trend has continued up to the present.
- このため、新しい品種の開発は1990年代からとみに盛んになり、平成18年(2006年)には酒米の産地品種銘柄を持っていないのは東京都、鹿児島県、沖縄県のみとなった。
- Thus the development of new varieties became popular and, in 2006, only the Tokyo, Kagoshima and Okinawa Prefectures didn't have their own brand varieties or growing districts for sakamai.
- 現在のような形の作務衣があらわれた時期ははっきりしないが古くとも明治以前にさかのぼるものではなく、一説には昭和40年代に永平寺で用いられたものが最初であるとされる。
- Although it is not clearly known when the current style of samue appeared, it is certainly not older than Meiji period, and one estimate suggests that it was first used at Eihei-ji Temple between 1965 and 1974.
- 最近になって、国立歴史民俗博物館の研究グループによる放射性炭素年代測定を活用した一連の研究成果により、弥生時代の開始期を大幅に繰り上げるべきだと主張する説がでてきた。
- Recently, there is a theory insisting on moving back to the start date of the Yayoi period dramatically, based upon radioactive carbon dating research results shown by a research group from the National Museum of Japanese History.
- 多くの歌で上代の東国方言が多用されており、歌の成立年代や作者の出自、記録の経緯が一切不明という問題点はあるにしても、古代の方言の具体的な記録として重要な位置を占める。
- As the dialects of the Togoku region of the period are frequently used in most of the poems the 'Azumauta' has an important position as a specific record of these ancient dialects, even though the year the poems were composed, the profile of the composers, and how they were recorded remain unknown.
- その実態は1930年代に存在していた道路や畦道に基づく「机上の復元案」といえるものであるが、大宰府に条坊制による街区の存在を指摘し、学界に注意を喚起した功績は大きい。
- The actual state was 'a desk reconstruction plan' based on streets and causeways that existed in the 1930s, but its achievements to point out existence of city blocks in jobosei and to promote awareness of the academic society are significant.
- かつては上記の欽明天皇即位年次のみならず、百済の聖王もまた513年から527年に至るまで即位年代に諸説が存在した(『三国史記』、書紀、『梁書』、『周書』、『北史』)。
- At one time, there were various theories on not only the year of the Emperor Kinmei's enthronement but also that of Shoo of Baekje, ranging from 513 to 527 ('Samguk Sagi' [History of the Three Kingdoms], Shoki, 'Book of the Liang dynasty,' 'Shusho' [one of Nijushishi, 24 dynastic histories in China, in which a history of Northern Zhou is given], and 'History of Northern Dynasties').
- しかし、1990年代に黄砂現象の実態が詳しく分かるようになったことで、黄砂の実態把握には、数十年という長期間の監視体制を整える必要があることが次第に明らかになってきた。
- However, since the reality of kosa phenomena became known in details in 1990s, it became gradually clear that, to grasp the reality of kosa phenomena, it is necessary to deploy a monitoring system for a long period of several tens of years.
- 細い制作年代や当初の安置状況については諸説あるが、9体の乾漆像と執金剛神像が当初からの安置仏で、残りの塑像4体は客仏(後世に他の堂から移された像)とするのが通説である。
- Although there are many theories in regard to the exact year of making and where they were first enshrined, it is generally believed that the nine dry-lacquer statues and Shukongoshin-zo statue have been enshrined from the beginning and the other four earthen statues are Kyaku-butsu (which were moved from other Hall later on).
- 政府による「神社崇拝」の国民への強制の度合いは時代によって異なったが、1930年代初頭から太平洋戦争にかけての時期には、国家神道は戦争遂行の精神的支柱として重視された。
- The extent to which people were forced by the government to participate in the 'worship of shrines' varied with the times but, from the beginning of the 1930's to the Pacific War, State Shinto was emphasized as an emotional prop for the prosecution of war.
- ついで1920年代に入ると、1921年に大阪外国語学校 (旧制)、1927年には私立最初の専門学校令による外国語学校として天理外国語学校(天理大学の前身)が設立された。
- In the 1920s, Osaka School of Foreign Languages (old education system) was established in 1921, and Tenri School of Foreign Languages (predecessor of Tenri University) was established as the first private school of foreign languages as per the Acts of Colleges in 1927.
- それが1960年代以降国道162号や京都広河原美山線といったアクセスルートの整備が進み、1979年には京都広河原美山線のうち最後まで未開通であった佐々里峠の区間が開通、
- However, the routes to access the place, such as National Route 162 and the Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama route, were developed in and after 1960s, and in 1979, the section up to Sasari-toge Pass, which had been the last unopened section of the Kyoto Hirogawara Miyama route, was opened.
- 明治30年代、大阪市と紀州方面を結ぶ鉄道会社は南海鉄道と高野鉄道があったが設備が十分でなく、また南海本線は所要時間2時間以上であったため、絶対的な輸送力が不足していた。
- During the 30's of the Meiji period, the existing Nankai Railway and Koya Railway systems were inadequate in connecting Osaka City and Kishu (present Wakayama prefecture) as the commute took over two hours by Nankai Main Line.
- 1990年代後半頃に近畿地方の鉄道事業者では初めて外部の事業者のテレビ番組、映画、ドラマの撮影を認めた(日本の鉄道事業者で最初にこの事業を開始したのは京成電鉄である)。
- In the late 1990s, as the first railway company in the Kinki District, Hankyu Railway allowed third-party entities to shoot TV programs, movies and dramas in its premises (in Japan, Keisei Electric Railway was the first railway company that started business activity related to the shooting of TV and movies).
- 圧縮しない焼き方は80年代にお好み焼きが名物として認知され、有名店がテレビなどで紹介されるようになったことで「圧縮しない方がよい」という焼き方が正統とされたようである。
- As for grilling without pressing, during the eighties okonomiyaki was recognized as a specialty and the famous shops were introduced on TV and so on and thus the way of cooking 'it is better not to press' seems to have been regarded as orthodox.
- 上原は、法華堂に葺かれている瓦に着目して堂の創建年代を天平13年初夏から14年7月頃と見、この堂が福寿寺の金堂であり、さらには金光明寺の金堂にもなった、という説をだした。
- Focusing on the roof tiles of the Hokkedo Hall, Uehara estimated that the foundation of the hall was some time between early summer of 741 and August 742, and presented a theory that this hall was the Kon-do Hall of Fukuju-ji Temple and then used as the Kon-do Hall of Konmyo-ji Temple.
- 創建年代については、栄原永遠男によってその名の初見であった正倉院文書の解釈がなされ、天平10年3月には建立の立案、もしくは工事がされたであろう、という推論がだされている。
- As for the year it was founded, Towao SAKAEHARA supposes that it was in March or April 738 according to the planning or construction was implemented from the interpretation of the Shoso-in archives, where the name of the temple was referred to for the first time.
- 空海による草創年代を大同 (日本)2年(807年)とする伝承もあり、この寺院が後の今熊野観音寺(泉涌寺境内にあり、西国三十三箇所観音霊場の第15番札所)となったともいう。
- An alternative legend puts the time of the temple's founding by Kukai at the year 807 and states that it subsequently became known as Imakumano Kannon-ji Temple (within the Sennyu-ji Temple precinct, stamp office for temple number 15 of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho (the 33 temples that are visited during the Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage)).
- 三道の敷設年代については、『日本書紀』孝徳天皇の白雉4年(653)六月条に「処処の大道を脩治(つく)る」とあることなどを勘案して七世紀中ば頃に敷設されたと推定されている。
- The date of construction is estimated to be in the mid 7th century, considering the description in the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) at the part of June 653 in the era of the Emperor Kotoku, saying that they constructed big roads in several places.
- また清でも1860年代から漢人官僚曽国藩、李鴻章らによる近代化の試みとして洋務運動が展開され中国の伝統的な文化、制度を土台としながら軍事を中心として西洋技術の導入を進めた。
- Qing had also been introducing western technologies centering on military ones based on Chinese traditional culture; bureaucrats of the Han race including Zeng Guofan and Li Hung Chang promoted the Western Affairs Movement in an attempt to modernize China.
- 1910年代前半より、各旧制大学・旧制高等学校・旧制専門学校などでは社会科学研究会(社研)が組織され、1924年9月には49校の社研が参加する学生連合会(学連)が発足した。
- From the first half of the 1910s, Shakai Kagaku Kenkyu-kai (Society for the Study of Social Science), or Shaken, has been organized in universities, high schools, vocational schools and so forth under the old system of education, and Gakusei Rengokai (Federation of Students), or Gakuren, in which Shaken from 49 schools participated, was inaugurated in September 1924.
- 1920年代に比売塚は国有となって奈良財務局の管理下におかれたが、地元の有志の奔走によって奈良財務局から比売塚の払い下げを受けたのを機に、そこに神社を造営することとなった。
- In 1920 Hime-zuka became national property and placed under the management of the Nara Finance Bureau Ministry of Finance's but a shrine was built there when local volunteers were successfully granted Hime-zuka by the ministry.
- 1950年代も後半に入ると、都市中心部を走る路線だけでなく、京阪神緩行線や横須賀線のような、当時としては中距離路線においても混雑緩和と輸送力の増強が求められるようになった。
- In the late 1950's, mitigating congestion and enhancing transport capacity were required not only for lines running in the city center but also for middle-distance lines such as the Keihanshin Local Line and the Yokosuka Line.
- なお、神戸線との直通列車は、かつて神戸線・阪急今津線経由で京都~宝塚間を直通する「歌劇特急」や、それとは別に戦後から昭和30年代までは、神戸~京都間を直通する特急があった。
- At one time there were through-trains operating to and from the Kobe Line; one was 'Kageki-tokkyu' (limited express), which directly connected Kyoto and Takarazuka, passing through the Kobe Line and the Hankyu Imazu Line, and the other was a limited express train, which was directly operated between Kobe and Kyoto from the post-war period until the 1930s of the Showa period (for about a decade from 1955).
- この浄土寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、986年(寛和2年)浄土寺で有明親王(醍醐天皇の皇子)の妃である藤原暁子が出家し、有明親王の子明救(みょうぐ)が入寺している。
- Though nothing is clear in detail about this Jodo-ji Temple, including the year of its establishment, it is known that FUJIWARA no Gyoshi, the spouse of Imperial Prince Ariakira, the son of Emperor Godaigo, entered the priesthood in this Jodo-ji Temple in 986, and that Myogu, the son of Imperial Prince Ariakira, also entered this temple as a priest.
- 中国における作例としては、東京・根津美術館所蔵の銅造釈迦如来・多宝如来並坐像は、中国・北魏の「太和13年」(489年)の銘があり、制作年代の判明する基準作として貴重である。
- Regarding examples made in China, there is a pair of seated bronze statues of Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai owned by Nezu Museum in Tokyo, which has an inscription of 'Taiwa 13' (in 489) of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China and this is valuable as a criterion which identifies the age of the work.
- 2000年代以降は、ユニバーサル・スタジオ・ジャパン開業により利用客が激減し、2003年度から冬季に休園するが、大晦日から元日にかけて、年越しイベントを開催することもある。
- Subsequent to 2000, the number of visitors decreased sharply with the opening of Universal Studios Japan, forcing the park to close during the winter months since 2003, but a New Year's Eve event has been organized between December 31 and January 1 in some years.
- 更に1960年代頃から朝鮮半島で広がった民族主義の影響もあり、特に朝鮮半島の研究者により、記紀に記されているヤマト朝廷の直接的な任那支配は誇張されたものだとの主張がなされた。
- Furthermore, due to the influence of nationalism which spread in the Korean Peninsula from the 1960s, researchers, especially those in the Korean Peninsula, insisted that the records in Kiki (Kojiki [A Record of Ancient Matter] and Nihonshoki), which say that Yamato Dynasty directly controlled the Mimana, were exaggerated.
- この寺の創建年代等については不詳であるが、天長年間(824年~834年)この地が干ばつに見舞われたとき、本尊の十一面観音の力により泉がわいたことから寺号を法泉寺としたという。
- The time of Hosen-ji Temple's founding is unknown but it is said that the temple was named Hosen-ji (lit. Buddhist Spring Temple) after the Eleven-faced Kannon statue caused springs to flow when the area experienced drought during the Tencho era (824-834).
- 悪党概念は、1930年代に中村直勝によって提起され(『荘園の研究』 1939)、戦後になると石母田正(『中世的社会の形成』 1946)らによってその姿が明らかにされていった。
- The concept of akuto was presented by Naokatsu NAKAMURA in the 1930s ('Shoen no Kenkyu' (Studies of Shoen) 1939), and its aspects were revealed by Tadashi ISHIMODA ('Chuseiteki Shakai no Keisei' (Formation of Medieval Society) 1946) and others after the war.
- 系図にもう一人平徳子の姉で左大臣藤原兼雅室となった清盛の娘があるが、この女子を常盤の娘に擬したところ、のちに年代が合わない事から、もう一人女子を新しく系図に加えた疑いもある。
- The genealogy mentions another daughter of Kiyomori, who was an older sister of TAIRA no Tokuko and became a lawful wife of FUJIWARA no Kanemasa, the Minister of the Left; but if this woman is supposed to be Tokiwa's daughter, then a discrepancy in date arises, and it is thus suspected that an extra woman was added to the genealogy at a later date.
- 1980年代に吟醸酒が消費者層に広く受け入れられると、協会系酵母の他にも、少酸性酵母、高エステル生成酵母、リンゴ酸高生産性多酸酵母といった高い香りを出す酵母が多数つくられた。
- In the 1980's, once ginjoshu was widely accepted by consumers, a large number of yeasts that produce a strong fragrance such as low-acidity yeast, high ester producing yeast, and high malic acid producing high acidity yeast were made in addition to Kyokai-line yeasts.
- 『OAHSPE』『モルモン経』『アカーシャ年代記』は古代から伝来した書物ではなく神の啓示とか、霊感や自動書記などになるものだが、それは古史古伝の定義上問題ないことは上述の通り。
- OAHSPE, 'The Book of Mormon' and 'Akasha Chronicle' are not books handed down since ancient times but documents the revelation of God, inspiration or automatism but there is no problem in defining them as koshi koden as described above.
- この時代の銅鏡の中には、中国大陸の年号が銘されている紀年鏡が13枚のうち12枚が含まれており、出土した古墳やその他の副葬品が製造された年代を推定するための参考資料とされている。
- Because twelve out of thirteen Kinen mirrors, which were with the name of an era of China, were included in bronze mirrors produced in this period, these mirrors were used as references to estimate the era when the excavated tumulus or other burial goods were produced.
- 5世紀後半までに大王・治天下大王(あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ)の称号が成立し、この称号が飛鳥浄御原令の編纂が始まった680年代まで日本国内において用いられたと考えられている。
- The title okimi and amenoshitashiroshimesu okimi (the title of the king of Wa) were established at least by the latter half of the fifth century, and it is thought that these titles were used in Japan until the 680s when the compilation of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code began.
- 現存する本堂、石仏龕(せきぶつがん)、東京へ移築された宝蔵などはいずれも正確な年代は不明ながら鎌倉時代のものとされており、鎌倉時代には地蔵信仰の寺院として栄えていたと思われる。
- Although the accurate dates are uncertain, the existing hondo (main building), the sekibutsugan (stone Buddhist altar) and the treasury (which was relocated to Tokyo) are all considered to be from the Kamakura Period, and it is thought that Jurin-in Temple prospered as a place for jizo worship during the Kamakura Period.
- 庫裏自体の正確な建立年代は不明だが、秀吉の千僧供養に妙法院が関与していたことは当時の日記や文書から明らかであり、妙法院は遅くとも16世紀末には現在地へ移転していたことがわかる。
- The precise date of the construction of the kuri is unclear but it is clear from diaries and books of the time that Myoho-in Temple was involved in Hideyoshi's Senso Kuyo, allowing the latest date of the relocation of the temple to its current site to be placed at the end of the 16th century.
- この項では当研究林が発足するまで(第1期)、演習林発足から昭和戦前期まで(第2期)、昭和戦後(1970年代まで)期(第3期)、それ以降現在に至る歴史(第4期)に分けて紹介する。
- In this chapter, its history is divided into the following four periods and descriptions are made for each of them: the first period (until this research forest was inaugurated), the second period (from the inauguration of the field practice forest to the prewar in Showa era), the third period (from the postwar in Showa era up to 1970s) and the fourth period (up to now after then).
- また、秋田県仙北市の神代カレーの様に和風ブイヨンを基本とした昭和30年代風のカレーソースとデミグラスソースを基本とした今風のカレーソースをそれぞれ一対一で掛けたものも存在する。
- A different type of combination also exists, such as the even combination of a curry sauce based upon Japanese-style bouillon, a style of the period from around 1955 to 1965 represented by Jindai curry in Senboku City, Akita Prefecture, and a modern curry sauce based on demi-glace (a type of brown sauce).
- 現在、「四鏡」と呼ばれている『水鏡』・『大鏡』・『今鏡』・『増鏡』(扱った時代順に配列)の中で、『今鏡』と『増鏡』の間に空白の年代があり、それが高倉・安徳両天皇の時代に合致する。
- 'Mizu Kagami' (The Water Mirror), 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), 'Ima Kagami' (The Mirror of the Present), and 'Masu Kagami' (The Clear Mirror) (in order of appearance) are now called 'Shikyo' (the four historical narratives of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods with the word 'mirror' in the title), and of these, there is a blank period of time between 'Ima Kagami' and 'Masu Kagami,' which accords with the reigns of both Emperor Takakura and Emperor Antoku.
- 加藤盤斎の『土佐日記見聞抄』は年代がなく成立年は不明であるが、万治4(1661年)年の跋がある人見卜幽の『土佐日記附注』、北村季吟の『土佐日記抄』などと同時期のものであるらしい。
- 'The Tosa Diary's Experiences Abstract,' written by Bansai KATO, doesn't have the year of creation in the book, but it seems to have been written around the same time that 'The Tosa Diary with Note' by Bokuyu HITOMI, which has a postscript dated 1661, and 'The Tosa Diary's Abstract' (by Kigin KITAMURA) were completed.
- 地租の軽減は自由民権運動の主力が地主・農民に移った1880年代以後盛んになっており、1887年の三大事件建白書においても「外交の刷新」「言論・集会の自由」と並んで掲げられていた。
- Reduction of the land tax was increasingly asserted after 1880 when the principal members of Democratic-Rights Movement shifted to landowners and peasants, and it was aimed along with 'Gaikou no Satsushin' (revamping of foreign diplomacy) and 'Genron and Syukai no Jiyuu' (freedom of speech and assembly) also in Sandai Jiken Kenpakusyo (the petition of three major matters) in 1887.
- 文化面においても、吉川英治が昭和30年代に書いた『私本太平記』は尊氏を主人公としているが読者に広く受け入れられており、尊氏への評価が戦前のものから大きく変化していることがわかる。
- 'Shihon Taiheiki' written by Eiji YOSHIKAWA in the late 1950s had Takauji as a main character, and was accepted by many readers, which suggested that not only the political but also the cultural view of Takauji had shifted very much compared with that before WWII.
- 更に『本朝書籍目録』に『弘仁儀式』と並んで記載されている『内裏式』及び『内裏儀式』と呼ばれる2種の儀式は伝存しており、なおかつその編纂年代が弘仁年間であったことが明記されている。
- Besides, two kinds of Gishiki called 'Dairi shiki' (Palace regulations) and 'Dairi Gishiki' (Book on outline of ceremonies) which were described together with 'Konin Gishiki' in 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' were extant and they stated that they were compiled in the Konin era.
- 第二次世界大戦中には連合国側も発行していたほか、第二次世界大戦後もアメリカ合衆国が世界各地の米軍基地の兵士の給料として米ドル建ての軍票を、1970年代ごろまで支給し使用していた。
- During the WWII, the Allies issued their military currency, and after the WWII until the 1970's, the U.S.A. issued its military currency in US dollar and paid salary by that to the soldiers in U.S. military bases throughout the world.
- 養父朝定(京都上杉氏で父藤定の従兄弟)は丹波国守護だったが、貞治年間頃(1360年代)に顕定は関東に下向して鎌倉公方足利氏満に仕え、鎌倉扇谷の地に居住し、扇谷上杉氏の祖となった。
- Although his foster father, Tomosada (who was a member of the Kyoto Uesugi clan and a cousin of his father, Fujisada), was the shugo (provincial constable) of Tanba Province, Akisada left the capital for the Kanto region to serve Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, resided in Ogigayatsu in Kamakura, and became the originator of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan.
- また、出土する瓦は単弁八葉蓮華文の軒丸瓦と重弧文の軒平瓦の組み合わせからなる「山田寺式」と呼ばれるもので、各地の古代寺院から同種の瓦が出土し、建築年代を推定する指標となっている。
- In addition, the unearthed roof tiles called 'Yamada-dera shiki' (Yamada-dera Temple Style) consist of a combination of Tanben hachiyo rengemon no kimarugawara (roof tiles with a design of lotus flowers with eight leaves around a petal) and Jukomon no nokihiragawara (broad eaves-end tiles with linear patterns), and tiles of the same type have been unearthed at ancient temples around the country, providing guidelines for estimating when each of the temples was built.
- しかし、関東地方と近畿地方を結ぶ幹線を、東海道ルートではなく中山道ルートに建設しようという構想は、1950年代以後に国土開発幹線自動車道(国土縦貫自動車道)計画として再び現れた。
- The plan to construct the main artery connecting Kanto and Kinki regions along Nakasen-do Road and not Tokai-do Road, however, resurfaced as the National Highway Development Project after the 1950's.
- また1960年代には行楽シーズンに大阪側から6両編成の臨時列車が設定されていた(1995年6月17日の宇治駅移転でホームの有効長が短くなり、以後6両編成の宇治線への入線は不可)。
- In the 1960s, during the tourist seasons, special trains made up of six cars were operated from the Osaka district (following the relocation of Uji Station on June 17, 1995, the effective length of the station's platform was shortened, and since then the six-car trains haven't been able to proceed into the platform).
- 大型のオープンリールを使用した装置には民生用があることにはあったが、1960年代後半にコンパクトカセットテープとそのレコーダーが登場し録音再生という行為が一般大衆に浸透していく。
- Although there was a consumer product using a large open reel, a compact cassette tape and a recorder for it emerged in the late half of 1960's, and the act of recording and reproducing sound became common among the general population.
- 1580年代、急速に領土を拡大していた山形城主最上義光の攻勢がついに庄内にも及ぶようになると、尾浦城主大宝寺義氏は父・大宝寺義増の代からの盟友本庄繁長の支援を受けてこれに対抗した。
- During the 1580s, when the lord of Yamagatajo Castle, Yoshiaki MOGAMI, who was rapidly expanding his territory, launched an attack on the Shonai district, the lord of Ourajo Castle, Yoshiuji DAIHOJI, confronted Mogami's troops with the help of Shigenaga HONJO, who had been an alliance from the days of his father Yoshimasu DAIHOJI.
- 日本では、明治維新の後、立憲政治・議会制度の創設が朝野で論議されるなかで、1870年代には福澤諭吉をはじめとする三田派の言論人たちを中心に政党内閣制を採用するように主張され始めた。
- In Japan, after the Meiji Restration, Yukichi FUKUZAWA and other intellecturals from the Mita-ha (Mita faction, named after the place where current Keio University exists) started aruguing in the 1870s that Japan should adopt a party cabinet system, while the establishment of a constitutional government and a parliament system came up for dabate across the county.
- しかしその後、田宮も1969年スタートのテレビ番組「クイズタイムショック」(NET、現・テレビ朝日系列)の司会で成功を収め長寿番組とし、大映倒産後の1970年代には映画界にも復帰。
- However, Tamiya became the host of a TV program entitled 'Quiz Time Shock' (aired by NET, presently the TV Asahi network) in 1969, successfully making the program a long-running show and only returning to movies in the 1970s after Daiei went under.
- 1997年以降、桜井市吉備(安倍文殊院の西方)の吉備池廃寺の発掘が進むにつれ、伽藍の規模、出土遺物の年代等から、この吉備池廃寺こそが百済大寺であった可能性がきわめて高くなっている。
- After 1997, as the remains of Kibiike disused temple, Sakurai City (in the west of Abe Monju-in Temple) were being excavated, the possibility that this temple was Kudara-daiji Temple became stronger judging from the scale of Buddhist temple and the era of the excavated survivals.
- 従来、12世紀頃の作品で、作者は似絵の名手・藤原隆信とされてきたが、制作年代を鎌倉末期~南北朝時代まで下降させ、像主についても足利尊氏・足利直義・足利義詮ではないかとする説もある。
- It was previously believed that they were created during the 12th century by master portrait painter FUJIWARA no Takanobu, but there are theories that date the image anywhere from the late Kamakura to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and speculate that the model may have been Takauji ASHIKAGA, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA or Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- なお、上記の能勢国基と同一人物として扱われている場合があるが、『吾妻鏡』に見える父および子の名前や年代、そして『尊卑分脈』の記述から能勢国基とは、同じ摂津源氏ではあるが別人である。
- Some historical sources treat MINAMOTO no Kunimoto (the governor of the Tosa Province) as the same person as MINAMOTO no Kunimoto (Kunimoto NOSE) mentioned above, but when we look at the names of the fathers and children of the two people and the historical periods they lived which are described in the 'Azuma Kagami,' and a description in the 'Sonpi Bunmyaku,' it becomes clear that Kunimoto, the governor of Tosa Province, was a different person from Kunimoto NOSE although both belonged to the Settsu Genji.
- 第2次世界大戦での敗戦前の国柱会、戦後昭和30年代の日蓮正宗・創価学会、(のち、正本堂建立数年前に批判を受け国立戒壇論を撤回)冨士大石寺顕正会などでは、国立戒壇論の絶対化を掲げた。
- Kokuchu-kai (before the defeat in World War II), Nichiren Shohu and Soka Gakkai (during the post-war period from 1955 to 1965), Fuji Taiseki-ji Kensho-kai and others endeavored to finalize a proposition for a national kaidan (although Nichiren Shohu and Soka Gakkai eventually withdrew the proposition for a national kaidan a few years before the construction of Shohon-do).
- その没年は不詳だが、父の元家(1432~1509年)の生年と、兄の深瀬隆兼の養子となった件から、兄と興仙は年齢が15歳程度は違った兄弟で、細川政元と同年代かやや年下だと推測される。
- Although the year of death is unknown, he seems to have been younger by around fifteen years than his older brother and as old as or slightly younger than Masamoto HOSOKAWA, judging from the year of birth of his father Motoie (1432-1509) and the incident about him being adopted by his older brother Takakane FUKASE.
- しかし、今日では、経典の成立した年代がある程度特定され、大乗経典などは、釈迦の直説ではなく後代によって成立したことが周知の事実であることから、大乗非仏説の根拠として批判されている。
- Currently, however, it is widely criticized and cited as proof of the thesis that the Mahayana teachings do not stem from the historical Buddha's teachings because the era of creation of each scripture is specified to a certain extent and the fact that the Mahayana Sutra is not Shaka's direct teaching but one created in later years is well known.
- 縄文時代の終りについては、地域差が大きいものの、定型的な水田耕作を特徴とする弥生文化の登場を契機とするが、その年代については紀元前数世紀から紀元前10世紀頃までで、多くの議論がある。
- The end of the Jomon period, that varies greatly in different regions, was marked by the emergence of the Yayoi culture characterized by typical paddy cultivation; however, many scholars have different theories about the date, which was placed sometime between the tenth century B.C. and several centuries B.C.
- 発掘調査の結果、安倍寺は東(右)に金堂、西(左)に塔が建つ法隆寺式伽藍日本の伽藍をもっていたことがわかり、出土した古瓦の様式年代からも創建が7世紀にさかのぼる寺院跡であると見られる。
- As a result of the excavation, it was discovered that Abe-dera Temple used to have a Buddhist monastery in the Horyu-ji Temple style in which a tower was built in the west (the left) and a golden hall in the east (the right), and on analysis of the style used in the old tiles excavated at the site, it is considered to have been founded in the 7th century.
- 白洲次郎・正子をはじめ数多くの文化人が来店した店として知られ、1970年代には、フランスの料理人ポール・ボキューズが訪れ、ヌーヴェル・キュイジーヌに多大な影響を与えたといわれている。
- It is known as a restaurant which was visited by many cultural figures including Jiro and Masako SHIRASU, and it is said that Paul BOCUSE, a French Chef, visited there in 1970s and this experience influenced Nouvelle Cuisine significantly.
- 昭和時代初期まで新潟県の酒米として代表的な品種であり、昭和初期の同地方の鑑評会の記録には男性的な亀の尾と対比をなす女性的な白藤の評価が多く残されたが、1930年代にいったん絶滅した。
- It was a representative variety of sakamai of Niigata Prefecture until the beginning of the Showa period, and the record of Kanpyokai in this district at the beginning of the Showa period recorded an evaluation of Shirafuji that is feminine in comparison with Kame no o, which was masculine, but it became extinct once in the 1930s.
- 1960年代には、義家がその最上位に、権門を押しのけて、あるいは新たな権門として割り込もうとしたかのとうに捉えられていたが、これはたかだか四位の諸大夫・受領層である義家には考えにくい。
- It was believed in the 1960s that Yoshiie shoved aside the old Kenmon or forced his way into the position, but this was hard to accept when Yoshiie was a fourth rank Shodaifu and a receiver of estates.
- しかしながら、既出の例を含む中距離区間や、新幹線が中心とされた東京・大阪間を初めとする区間を夜行バスで寝ている間に格安で移動できるということで、1980年代ごろから人気が出てきている。
- However, express buses for middle-distance sections described above, and mid-night express buses for various sections, including that between Tokyo and Osaka, on which you can reach your destination cheap while sleeping, have gained popularity since around the 1980s.
- 1960年代から続いていた通常時鞍馬行・(岩倉)二軒茶屋行各々30分毎、多客時(オンシーズン)鞍馬行15分毎から、平日各々20分毎、休日はすべて鞍馬行で15分毎を基本としたものに変更。
- Ever since the 1960s, trains departing for Kurama (Iwakura) and trains departing for Nikenchaya had been run every 30 minutes in the regular schedule and for Kurama every 15 minutes during the crowded 'on-seasons'; after the revision, however, as a rule, trains departed for Kurama and for Nikenchaya every 20 minutes in the regular schedule, and for Kurama every 15 minutes during holidays.
- 人麿の活躍年代から推測して大宝律令(701年)制定の前後にこの歌が詠まれたとすると、その時代にごく限られた所、例えば御所の衾所(ふすまどころ寝所)などに「衾障子」があったと推測される。
- If we guess that this waka was produced around the establishment of Taiho Code (in 701), judging from the period Hitomaro's flourished, there apparently were 'Fusuma Shoji' (an opaque sliding screen made of a wooden frame and thick paper) in limited places such as the fusumadokoro (place to sleep) in the Imperial Palace in those days.
- 現在の日本のカレーは、この流れに基づいた欧風カレー、さらに1990年代以降急増した本格インド料理店のカレー、そしてこのふたつの流れをふまえて生まれたオリジナルカレーの3つに大別できる。
- Curry and rice in Japan today can be largely divided into three groups: European curry based on the curry style introduced into Japan first; curry in authentic Indian restaurants, which have increased rapidly after the 1990s; and original curry that was created based on these two styles.
- 成立年代も、巻末に「天慶3年6月記文」とあることで、将門死去の直後に書かれたとする説が明治時代以来支配的であったが、昭和に入り、この記年は冥界消息に付随する虚構であるとの指摘がなされた。
- As for when it was written, at the very end of the manuscripts there is a note that it was 'written in the sixth month of 940,' so the theory that it was written immediately after Masakado's death predominated beginning in the Meiji period, but since entering the Showa period, the viewpoint has emerged that argues this date was actually a fabrication that is supposed to be attached to Masakado's message from the underworld.
- 明治10年代末より横浜から静岡駅を経て大府駅に至る区間と関ヶ原駅から米原駅を経て大津に至る区間が建設され、1889年(明治22年)7月に全通、これにより現在の東海道本線の原型が完成した。
- The construction started in the section from Yokohama Station to Obu Station via Shizuoka Station and in the section from Sekigahara Station to Otsu Station via Maibara Station in the mid-1880s, and in July 1889 the entire line was opened with the completion of the prototype for the current Tokaido Main Line.
- 2000年代には更なる新型車両「近鉄21020系電車」投入や「アーバンライナー」の「アーバンライナーplus」へのリニューアルを実施、運賃面でも割引乗車券の名阪まる得きっぷが導入された。
- In the decade starting in 2000, another new train-car, the '21020 series Kintetsu train-cars' were introduced, 'Urban Liner' was upgraded to 'Urban Liner plus' and Meihan Marutoku Kippu Ticket, a discount ticket, was introduced.
- 昭和40年代には、竹不足の解消、機械生産による手づくりをはるかに上回る生産性と低コストから、伝統的な竹に換わってポリピレン(プラスチック)を使用したポリ団扇が登場し、急速に普及していく。
- Aiming at solving the bamboo shortage, as well as pursuing higher productivity and lower cost by the introduction of machine-made method instead of hand-made method, Uchiwa fan made of plastic materials instead of traditional bamboo was developed and became popular in the decade started from 1965.
- しかし陶器は重量があり破損しやすいため、昭和30年代からそれらに代わって、半透明の厚いビニールの本体部分に黄緑色のプラスチックのスクリューキャップ(ネジ式の蓋)の付いた小瓶が導入された。
- However, as earthenware was heavy and fragile, a small bottle with a translucent, thick vinyl made body and a yellowish green-colored plastic made cap (a screw type lid) were introduced instead of a ceramic bottle in the late 1950s to the early 1960s.
- 1960年代半ばから映画の斜陽化が顕著になると、ヤクザ映画で観客動員を保つ一方で、1971年二代目社長に就任した岡田茂は、テレビに取り込まれない客層を狙い実録任侠ものやエログロものを量産。
- After the film industry experienced a marked decline from the middle of 1960s, Shigeru OKADA, who became the second president of Toei in 1971, tried to attract audiences with yakuza films and oversaw the production of jitsuroku-ninkyo films and films with sexual or violent content targeting people who didn't watch TV.
- また1960年代までは出町柳方面行きホームの入口脇に売店があり、出札窓口を兼ねていたが、通常時は上下ホーム共に集札は乗務員と駅員によって車両ドア付近で行われており駅への出入は自由であった。
- Until the 1960s, although a shop situated beside the entrance of the platform for trains bound for Demachiyanagi Station served as a ticket window in addition to its regular one, going in and out of the station was free under normal circumstances because the inspection and collection of tickets was done by train crews and the station staff at the place near the train doors on both platforms.
- 遊具などはそのまま残されていたが、2000年代以降の廃墟ブームによって若者らなどに無許可で立ち入られる事態が後を絶たず、所有者が危険であると判断、2008年9月末までに遊具を全て撤去した。
- The rides and other amusements were left in place as they were; however, with the rising number of such abandoned facilities from the year 2000, there was an unstoppable tide of young people and the like entering the park without permission, whereupon the owners decided the park posed a hazard, and removed all the rides and amusement facilities.
- 片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)は、片岡仁左衛門 (11代目)の且元と十五代目羽左衛門の重成との素晴らしさが忘れられず、1960年代に、天竜寺で子息の孝夫(現片岡仁左衛門)と「長柄堤」を演じた。
- Nizaemon KATAOKA (the 13th), who was not able to forget great performances by Nizaemon KATAOKA (the 11th) who played Katsumoto and by Uzaemon ICHIMURA who played Shigenari, performed 'Nagara zutsumi' with his son Takao (present Nizaemon KATAOKA) at Tenryu-ji Temple in the 1960's.
- ただし、北九州から出土する最初期の土器を炭素14による年代測定法で調査したところ、紀元前8~9世紀という値が出たとの報告もあり、弥生時代の始期を5世紀ほどさかのぼらせるべきだとの主張もある。
- However, some argue that the Yayoi period should date from a point five centuries earlier, based on a carbon-14 dating report that the earliest earthen vessel of this period excavated in Kitakyushu had been made in the eighth or ninth century B.C.
- 1980年代頃までのものは、長さ20センチ程度で、先端に直径10センチ程度の「空車」文字入り円板がついたレバーを回してモードを切り替えていたが、実空車表示器と連動した電子式に切り替えられた。
- The taximeters used up to 1980's were about 20 centimeters long and having a lever of 10 centimeters in diameter with a disk saying 'vacant car' at the top, which was used to switch modes by rotating; however, they were replaced with electronic types interfaced with the actual vacant car indicator.
- しかし、近年では地球温暖化や気候変動の原因で、1990年代以降桜の開花が2002年を皮切りに記録的に早まってきており関東以西では花見の習慣が4月ではなく、前月3月に行われるようになっている。
- Meanwhile, because of global warming and climate changes in recent years, since the 1990's cherry blossoms have started to bloom earlier and since 2002 in regions west of Kanto, hanami has been held in March rather than April.
- 卑弥呼の遣使にちなんだと見られる景初三年、正始元年銘の三角縁神獣鏡が畿内を中心に分布、かつこれらが発掘される古墳の多くは年輪年代学等の結果により3世紀に築造されたと見られ、時代が合致すること。
- Triangular-rimmed mirrors inscribed 景初三年 or 正始元年 (Chinese names of an era, 239 or 240), which apparently commemorated Himiko's dispatching of envoys, were distributed centering upon Kinai region, and also many tumuli from which these mirrors were excavated presumed to have been constructed in the 3rd century - according to the findings of dendrochronology - which match with the dates of Yamatai.
- 文明開化の時代にあって、従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎への反省から歌舞伎の革新を志し、明治10年代には学術関係者や文化人と組んで時代考証を重視した劇(「活歴」と呼ばれた)に取り組んだ(演劇改良運動)。
- In the age of the civilization and enlightenment, from the review of the traditional nonsensical Kabuki, Danjuro, intended to reform it, tackling dramas based on historical backgrounds (called Katsureki) together with people of learning and culture (Theatrical performance movement) in the second decade of the Meiji era.
- しかし、昭和50年代には、国鉄の頻発する運賃・料金の値上げとストライキに対する嫌気から、名古屋 - 大阪間においては、特に急がない個人客を中心に、新幹線から近鉄特急への乗客移行が多く見られた。
- However, from disgust at repeated increases in fares and fees and also at repeated strikes in the JNR lines in the decade starting in 1975, customers using the Kintetsu limited expresses, instead of the Shinkansen line, increased between Nagoya and Osaka, centered on the non-business customers who were not focused on the traveling time.
- 昭和30年代に入って、日本の復興が一段落した頃に宮殿再建の動きが活発となり、1959年(昭和34年)、皇居造営審議会の答申に基づき、翌1960年(昭和35年)から新しい宮殿の造営が始められた。
- Around the time of the first stage of the reconstruction of Japan being completed during the period from 1955 to 1964, a move to reconstruct Kyuden got active, and on the basis of the report of the Council of the Imperial Palace Construction issued in 1959, construction of new Kyuden was started in the following year, 1960.
- 1970年代以降には洛東江流域の旧伽耶地域の発掘調査が飛躍的に進み、文献史料の少ない伽耶史を研究するための材料が豊富になってくるとともに、政治的欲求に基づく解釈から解放された議論が盛んとなった。
- After the 1970s, the excavation and research of the former Gaya region in the Nakdong River basin made a remarkable progress, and discussions free from politically-biased interpretations came to prosper at the same time as more materials were discovered for the study of Gaya history, which was little documented.
- また、『尊卑分脈』の記述によると娘の一人は平信範の室となり信仲なる子を儲けたとされるが、同平氏系図では確認出来ず年代的な整合性においても疑問である(別の一女の夫高階光兼の子に信仲の名がみえる)。
- According to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy), one of his daughters became a wife of TAIRA no Nobunori and bore a son named Nobunaka, but it can not be confirmed in a family tree of the Taira clan, and it is doubtful in terms of the chronological consistency (it is described that another daughter who married with Mitsukane TAKASHINA bore a son named Nobunaka).
- 正確な築城年代は定かではないが、古典『太平記』には、南北朝時代 (日本)のに、南朝(吉野朝廷)側の北畠顕家軍に備えて六角氏頼が篭もったという記述があり、そのころには築かれていたと考えられている。
- Although it is unknown when the castle was built, according to an old book 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), Ujiyori ROKKAKU barricaded himself inside the castle preparing for an attack from Akiie KITABATAKE who belonged to the Southern Court (the Yoshino Court) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the castle had already been built at that time.
- 『愚管抄』の内容は性格の異なる三部分から成り立っており:巻1から巻2までは神武天皇以来の天皇年代記、巻3から巻6までは道理の推移を中心とする歴史述叙、そして巻7は道理についての総括となっている。
- 'Gukansho' consists of three parts, each of which has a different character: volumes 1 and 2 chronicle the emperors since Jinmu, volumes 3 to 6 center on the transition of Dori together with the descriptions of history, and volume 7 is a general overview on Dori.
- この話が、乱の直後から伝えられたものとの想定すれば、さして年代は違わないはずの『今昔物語集』の何処を見ても、例えば「平維茂、藤原諸任を罰ちたる語」の話などと比べても、このような凄惨さは類を見ない。
- If this story started spreading just after the war, compared with the stories of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (Tales of Times Now and Then collection) which was written in almost the same period, for example, 'A story TAIRA no Koreshige punished FUJIWARA no Moroto,' its savagery was distinguished.
- 紀伝体の史書で、本紀(帝王)73巻、列伝(后妃・皇子・皇女を最初に置き、群臣はほぼ年代順に配列、時に逆臣伝・孝子伝といった分類も見られる)170巻、志・表154巻、全397巻226冊(目録5巻)。
- The history book is written about events and consists of the 397 volumes with 226 books, and the first seventy three volumes are honki (about the emperors), next 170 volumes are retsuden (retsuden describes empresses, prince and princesses and courts chronologically while it is sometimes classified as gyakushinden or koshiden) and the last 154 volumes are shi and hyo (five catalogues).
- 日月神示はその登場以来、関係者や一部専門家を除きほとんど知られていなかったが、1990年代の初め頃より神典研究家で翻訳家の中矢伸一の著作等により広く一般にも知られるようになって来たと言われている。
- Since the appearance, almost no one knew about Hitsuki Shinji except the people concerned and some experts, but since around the early 1990's it has come to be known commonly due to the books written by Shinichi NAKAYA, a Shintoist and translator.
- 1989年のダイヤ改正で京都口の準急が登場したが、大阪方面からの準急は淀までの運転であり、1990年代は淀屋橋~樟葉間の準急が終日、夕方以降に出町柳~樟葉・淀間の準急が運転されるという状態であった。
- With the timetable revision of 1989, the sub-express began operating in Kyoto-guchi, but the sub-express operating from the Osaka area was limited to Yodo Station; however, in the 1990s the sub-express between Yodoyabashi station and Kuzuha Station started the all-day operation and at the same time the sub-express between Demachiyanagi Station and Kuzuha Station/Yodo Station started operating in the evening or later.
- ある年代以上の日本人には「酒も入らない状態で人前で歌うこと」に対する拒絶反応が存在したが、それ以降の世代は(少なくとも気心の知れた仲間同士の前では)屈託なく歌って楽しむという意識が存在していたこと。
- Japanese people of a certain age and over rejected 'singing in front of people without drinking,' but the younger ones enjoyed singing without any inhibition (at least in front of their familiar friends).
- なお、快速においても従来の80系ではラッシュ時に対応が困難になってきたことや、競合する各私鉄が1960年代前半に特急用の新車を投入したことから、1964年から113系近郊形電車が快速に投入されている。
- Meanwhile, type 113 suburban cars were introduced for Rapid service in 1964 because it became difficult for the existing type 80 cars to cope with the congestion during the rush hour and private railway companies introduced new cars for the super-express trains during the early 1960's.
- 今西家住宅は、棟札と呼ばれる上棟時の年号や施主名や大工棟梁を初めとする施工関係者の名を墨書きした細長い板や、屋根の棟の端部を飾る鬼瓦に刻まれた鬼瓦銘と呼ぶ刻銘によって慶安3年の建立年代が明らかである。
- It is clear that the Imanishi-ke Jutaku was built in 1650 because of a long and narrow board referred to as munafuda bearing the year when the framework was completed, name of the client and the other people concerned with the construction including the master carpenter written in ink as well as an inscription referred to as onigawara-mei that was carved on the onigawara (Japanese gargoyle roof tile) that are used to decorate the ends of the roof ridges.
- 夫人の月丘夢路がジャニー喜多川と親交があったことから、近藤真彦主演の『嵐を呼ぶ男』のリメイクなど、1980年代のアイドル映画隆盛期にジャニーズ事務所所属タレント主演映画でも、幾つかメガホンを採っている。
- As his wife, Yumeji TSUKIOKA, was friends with Johnny KITAGAWA, Inoue directed a number of films including a remake of 'Arashi o Yobu Otoko' with Masahiko KONDO in the lead role as well as productions featuring lead performers from Johnny & Associates at the time when the popularity of idol films was at its peak.
- しかし、次第に創価学会側からの教義の変更が相次ぐようになり、1970年代後期の昭和52年路線問題を経て、1991年11月28日に、日蓮正宗宗門は、当時の第67世法主日顕の名前で創価学会を破門処分にした。
- However, the Soka Gakkai side gradually continued to insist on the change of doctrine, and after going through various issues in 1977, Nichiren Shoshu Sect excommunicated Soka Gakkai on November 28, 1991, in the name of the sixty seventh Hoshu at that time, Nikken.
- 一方、西国では承平 (日本)年間(930年代)に瀬戸内海で海賊行為が頻発し(「承平南海賊」)、936年(承平6)、追捕南海道使に任命された紀淑人とその配下の藤原純友らによる説得が功を奏し、海賊が投降した。
- On the other hand, piracy occurred frequently in the Seto Inland Sea in the Johei era (in Japan) (in the 980s) ('Joheinankaizoku' [literally, pirates in the southern area in the Johei era]), and in 936, KI no Yoshito, who was appointed Tsuibu Nankai Doshi (the officer to capture criminals in the southern area), and FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, his subordinate, succeeded in convincing the pirates to submit themselves to surrender.
- 特に『江分利満氏の優雅な生活』や『肉弾』は、岡本と同年代の戦中派の心境を独特のシニカルな視点とコミカルな要素を交えて描いた作品として現在まで高い評価を得ており、生前、岡本自身も好きな作品として挙げている。
- Especially, 'The Elegant Life of Mr. Everyman,' for its uniquely cynical point of view on the mind-set of a man of his generation that lived through World War II in his youth, and 'Human Bullet,' for its interpretation mixed with comical elements, have been highly evaluated to date, and he himself commented during his life that these two were his favorite films.
- 1990年代に入り一部筋から構想が持ち上がったが、猪名川を渡ったり滑走路を地下線で横断する必要があり大回りで建設費もかさむことから実現性の薄い構想といえる(建設主体や資金の手当てなどの現実的な案はない)。
- This idea was proposed by a group of officials in the early 1990's, but it can be said that the possibility is very low because users would have to cross the runway (which in turn crosses over the Ina-gawa River) via a subway train and the line would have to make a big detour, and thus a huge construction expense would be required (while no realistic proposal about, for example, the construction force and financing has been made).
- ことに大正末から昭和10年代にかけ、新しい作曲運動が大きな盛り上がりを見せ、宮城の他にも久本玄智、中村双葉、町田嘉声、中能島欣一、高森高山らにより、新しい形式、編成、作曲法による新曲がおびただしく作られた。
- The movement of making new music was grew strong from the end of Taisho period to around 1935-1944, and a huge amount of new music with new styles, arrangements and composition methods was created by MIYAGI and others such as Genchi HISAMOTO, Soyo NAKAMURA, Kasei MACHIDA, Kinichi NAKANOSHIMA and Takayama TAKAMORI.
- 断片的な歴史の記録が箇条書き的に記録されており、十七条憲法や蘇我入鹿事件の年代あるいは、「志癸島天皇御世 戊午年10月12日 (旧暦)」に百済の聖王からの仏教公伝、山代大兄(山背大兄王)事件等が記されている。
- Fragmental historical records were itemized: for example, Seventeen-Article Constitution; the year of SOGA no Iruka incident; official introduction of Buddhism by Seong-wang of Paekche on 'October 12, 538' (old lunar calendar); Prince Yamashiro no oe incident, and so on.
- 作成年代によって違いはあるものの、基本的な形態として平安京のある山城国を中心として、令制国を俵あるいは卵状(主として楕円もしくは円 (数学))に表して、これを連ねることで日本列島の大まかな輪郭を形成している。
- Different versions were produced in different periods, but as the basic format, the general outline of the Japanese archipelago was formed by arranging (partly overlaying each other) tawara (straw bags for rice) or oval shapes (mainly ellipses or circles) expressing ryoseikoku (provinces) centering around Yamashiro Province where Heian-kyo (ancient capital in current Kyoto).
- 2004年2月、奈良文化財研究所・宇治市などの年輪年代測定調査によれば、本殿は1060年ごろのものとされ、現存最古の神社建築であることが裏付けられるとともに、1052年創建の平等院との深い関連性が考えられる。
- In February 2004, dendrochronological studies conducted by the Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties and Uji City dated the main sanctuary to around 1060, making it the oldest surviving piece of Shinto shrine architecture, and leading to the belief that it has a deep connection to Byodo-in Temple which was founded in 1052.
- 製法や菌の改良などで匂いを少なくしたり、含まれる成分の内「ナットウキナーゼ」の健康増進効果がテレビなどのメディア (媒体)で伝えられるようになった結果、1990年代後半にはほぼ日本中で消費されるようになった。
- As a result of the reduction in odor achieved through the improvement in manufacturing methods and bacteria, and partly due to the TV and other media reports regarding the health benefits of one of the components of natto, 'nattokinase' natto came to be consumed in nearly all parts of the country since the latter half of the 1990s.
- 青涛館創立者の李元国(イ・ウォングク)翁など1940年代中後半にテコンドーを広めるのに先頭に立った多くの元老たちが日本でカラテ(主に松涛館流、これは青涛館の命名にもその影響が見て取れる)を修練した人々である。
- Many heavyweights who led the popularization of taekwondo of mid and late part of the 1940s, such as Master Yi Wong Gwok, the founder of Seitokan, mastered karate in Japan (mainly Shotokan-ryu karate, since, from the name 'Seitokan' the influence of Shotokan is obvious).
- 11世紀後半に起こった大規模な戦乱である前九年の役、後三年の役に関する説話を収録しようとした形跡が見られる(説話名のみ残されており、本文は伝わっていない)事から、1120年代以降の成立である事が推測されている。
- Because there are traces of attempts to record setsuwa related to the Earlier Nine Years' War and the Later Three Years' War, large-scale wars that occurred in the late eleventh century (the titles of the setsuwa remain but the text has not survived), it is thought to have been compiled after the 1120s.
- 社会詠は、1920年代後半のいわゆるプロレタリアート短歌、第二次世界大戦後の「人民短歌」の「人民大衆の生活実感を根底とした」歌、いわゆる「60年安保」を詠んだ歌、65年以降のベトナム戦争の歌などが知られている。
- Well known shakaiei include the proletariat tanka of the latter half of the 1920s, post-war 'jinmin tanka' (people's tanka) poems which were 'based on life experiences of the general public,' poems based on the 'rokuju-nen anpo' (Japan-U.S. Security Treaty of 1960), and post 1965 poems about the Vietnam War.
- これについては、家範(1048年生まれ)の娘が美福門院(1117年生まれ)に女房として仕え、親宗(1144年生まれ)を産んだとするのは年代的に合わないため、基隆(1075年生まれ)の娘とするのが妥当と思われる。
- On this point, it seems appropriate to judge that she was Mototaka's (born in 1075) daughter, because it is not logical from a chronological point of view that Ienori's (born in 1048) daughter served as a nyobo for Bifukumonin (born in 1117) and gave birth to Chikamune (born in 1144).
- 1970年代には松竹で大作シリーズ『宮本武蔵』『人生劇場』『花と龍』のほか、カルト映画の傑作とされる『江戸川乱歩の陰獣』を、東宝で『日本侠花伝』と『炎のごとく』を監督した以外は、テレビ時代劇の脚本が中心となる。
- In the 1970's, he mainly worked on scripts for TV period dramas, although he directed 'The Dark Side of Ranpo EDOGAWA,' regarded as a masterpiece of occult cinema, and epic series such as 'Musashi MIYAMOTO,' 'Life Game' and 'Flower and Dragon' for Shochiku, and 'Nihon kyoka den' (Legend of the Yakuza) and 'Like a Flame' for Toho.
- 若冲はつい最近まで知る人ぞ知る画家であったが、1970年に辻惟雄の『奇想の系譜』が出版されて以来注目を浴び、特に1990年代後半以降その超絶した技巧や奇抜な構成が再評価され、飛躍的にその知名度と人気を上げている。
- Until recently Jakuchu was known only to few, but with the publication of 'Kiso no Keifu' by Nobuo TSUJI in 1970, his work entered the limelight with particularly praise coming in the latter half of the 1990s for his unique technology and construction, which dramatically increased his name recognition and popularity.
- 1970年代頃からの環境問題への意識の高まりや、企業の不祥事が続く中、CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility=企業の社会的責任)ということが欧米を中心に盛んに言われるようになった。
- While the concerns to the environmental issue have been raised from the 1970s, and the scandals of enterprises have happened one after another, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) became a much-discussed subject especially in Europe and America.
- その編纂年代については、貞観14年12月13日に決定された荷前山陵の改定が反映されていることから、貞観15年(873年)以後、同19年(877年、この年に「元慶」と改元される)のうちに編纂されたと考えられている。
- It is considered that Jogan gishiki was compiled between 873 to 877 (the fifteenth to the nineteenth year of the Jogan era (the name of era was revised to Gangyo era during this year)) because the revision of Nosaki sanryo decided on January 18, 873 was reflected on its content.
- 巌流島の戦いなど、武蔵に関わる物語は江戸時代から脚色されて歌舞伎、浄瑠璃、講談などの題材にされ、吉川英治が1930年代に朝日新聞に連載した小説『宮本武蔵』によって最強の青年剣士武蔵のイメージが一般に広く定着した。
- Since the Edo period, Musashi's legends such as the duel at Ganryu-jima Island had been adapted for many kabuki, joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment), kodan storytelling and so on, and through Eiji YOSHIKAWA's novel 'Miyamoto Musashi' serialized in the Asashi Shinbun in the 1930s, the image of the young, strongest swordsman Musashi had been popularized and fixed.
- こうした通説に対し、画の詳細な検討から三像の成立を14世紀の鎌倉末期-南北朝期に求める仮説も出されていた(源豊宗、櫻井清香らの所説)が、1990年代半ばまで上記のような通説は疑いの余地のないものと考えられてきた。
- There was also a tentative theory which assumed the period of drawing of the three portraits as the end of Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in the 14th century based on the detailed examination of the drawing (the theory claimed by Toyomune MINAMOTO and Kiyoka SAKURAI); however, the popular theory stated above had been believed without any doubt until the middle of 1990s.
- しかしそれでも日本では半世紀程度前(1950年代頃)までは使われていたため、飯の炊き方などにこの竈による調理方法が口伝などの形で残されており、これらは現代の炊飯器でも「美味しいご飯の炊き方」として再現されている。
- And yet, because kamado were still used in Japan until a half century ago (around the 1950's), methods of cooking by kamado, such as how to cook rice, and so on, are still, passed down by word of mouth, and some contemporary rice cookers reproduce them with 'tips on how to cook rice better.'
- この頃から、日本の漢文学の伝統が見直されるようになり、1980年代から刊行された岩波書店の『日本古典文学大系』のシリーズには、続編の明治篇も含めて、多くの漢文学に属する作品が収録されるようになり、研究も進んでいる。
- Since this time, the tradition of Chinese literature in Japan has been reevaluated and the research has continued to advance; a series of books titled 'Compendium of Japanese Classic Literature' has been published since the 1980's by Iwanami Shoten, which came to include many works belonging to the genre of Chinese literature, including a second volume on the Meiji period.
- 明治30年代当時は、欧化主義の進展によって日本の道徳倫理あるいは武士道精神といったものが退廃にさらされていると考え、それらを陽明学で蘇らせようという風潮が日本にはあったが、これが明治期における陽明学熱の背景である。
- Around the turn of the century, it was considered that Europeanism was advancing to the detriment of Japanese moral ethics and the samurai spirit, which led Japan to recover these moral ethics and spirit through Yomeigaku; this was background to the Japanese people's enthusiasm for studying Yomeigaku during the Meiji period.
- 443年を採ると5世紀の半ばには「大王」表記が用いられていたことになるが、紀年銘の異体字をはじめ釈読の定まらない文字が多く、銘文の内容について解釈が多様化しており、「大王」表記の厳密な使用開始年代ははっきりしない。
- If you take the theory of the year 443, the notation of 'okimi' would have been used by the middle of the fifth century, but since there are many letters in which the reading is not determined including the variant characters on inscriptions about counting years, there are various interpretations regarding the contents of the inscriptions, which makes it difficult to determine the precise date in which the 'okimi' notation started being used.
- 1980年代以降世界中に広がったグラフィティ(落書き)も、建物の所有者の了解を得ない器物破損である一方、若者のさまざまな主張や趣味を表現しているものともいえ、次第に壁面全体を大きく使うものが現れるようになっている。
- While graffiti (doodling) which spread on a global scale in the 1980s and later considered damage to property without the owner's approval, it can be said that the graffiti demonstrates young people's views and interests, and gradually, a pictures drawn on an entire surface of a wall began to appear.
- なお都市周辺では、1980年代以降の住宅事情(庭付き一戸建て住宅の減少とマンションなど集合住宅の増加)や少子化などのため、後述の童謡に歌われるような、民家の庭に高々と鯉のぼりが揚がる姿を見ることは少なくなっている。
- In urban environments, due to the housing conditions after the 1980s (a drop in single-family homes with gardens but increased collective housing such as apartments) and the declining birthrate, one would see far fewer koi-nobori hoisted high up in the gardens of private residences, as once described in children's songs.
- 光琳の作品には制作年代を確定できるものは少ないが、多くの作品に「法橋光琳」の落款(サイン)が見られることから、彼が本格的な絵画を制作したのは法橋位を得た44歳以後、59歳で没するまでの十数年間であると推定されている。
- There are very few works by Korin that can be dated; however, many of his works are signed and sealed as Hokyo Korin, suggesting that his works were mostly created ove a period of a little more than 10 years, between the time he bacame a Hokyo at the age of 44 and his passing at the age of 59.
- 鎌倉時代に藤原隆信が描いたとされる国宝神護寺三像のうち伝平重盛像は、平重盛を描いたものと考えられてきたが、1990年代半ばに美術史家の米倉迪夫や黒田日出男らによって尊氏像であるとの説が提示され、広い支持を集めている。
- Portrait of Taira no Shigemori, one of the Jingo-ji san zo, painted by FUJIWARA no Takanobu in Kamakura period, had been considered a portrait of Shigemori TAIRA, but Michio YONEKURA and Hideo KURODA claimed that it is a portrait of Takauji, and now this interpretation is widely accepted.
- 京都大学では1970年代になって全国的に学生運動が退潮期に入っても、なお学生寮(自治寮)や一部の学部自治会、京都大学西部講堂などを拠点として運動が一定の勢力を保ち続け、「日本のガラパゴス」と呼ばれる状況を呈していた。
- In the 1970's when student movements declined around the nation, student movements at Kyoto University were still active using dormitories (autonomous dormitories), some college councils and the west auditorium of Kyoto University as the base of their activity, and such situations were dubbed 'Japanese Galapagos.'
- 一方で、一見するだけでは年代的に思想が展開されているように見えながら、西田は最初期から最晩年まで同じ地点を様々な角度で眺めていた、と解釈する見方もあり、現在では研究者(特に禅関係)の間でかなり広く受け入れられている。
- Although at a glance, his ideas appear to have developed chronologically, there is also the interpretation that NISHIDA viewed the same point from a variety of angles from the outset to his final years, and this viewpoint is now widely accepted among researchers (particularly those associated with Zen).
- 京福電気鉄道では車体デザインは大きく変更しながらも、全車が同一性能を持つという車両設計の元、1990年代後半になるまで京福電気鉄道モボ101形電車の主要機器類を踏襲した自動加速制御の吊り掛け駆動方式車を導入してきた。
- The Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd., has developed cars with various body designs, but all such cars are identical in performance; in the late 1990s, nose suspended drive cars with automatic acceleration control were introduced, following the main equipment of Keifuku Electric Railroad MOBO Type 101.
- メディアへの露出が高い大阪天満宮の天神祭においても、1990年代前半まで動かずに飾り物でしかなかった三つ屋根「地車」を舞台に組み込んだ「へたり」での奉納であり、現在もそうであるが、地車囃子のメインが踊りになっていた。
- Also at the Tenjin Festival of Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine, which is often hyped by the media, it was dedicated in the form of 'hetari' - setting 'danjiri' with three roofs on the stage, that used to be immobile and was just a decoration until the early 1990s - and the main performance of the danjiri-bayashi was the dance, which is still the same as now.
- さらに、1980年年代には給食における食器の後片付けの利便性という点で、複数の食器を使うよりも、ランチプレートにお子様ランチのように盛り付ける様式の方が簡便であるとして方々に採用され始めたことから、問題が深刻化した。
- Moreover, in 1980s, as displaying meal on the lunch plate like kiddies' lunch is more convenient instead of using several dishes, the lunch plate was started to be adopted all over the schools in terms of convenience of clearing the dishes at school lunch, and Inugui issue became more acute.
- 否な豊臣の末期から、徳川の初期にかけて、かかる快文字は、ほとんどその比類がない」と絶賛したが、一九八〇年代には桑田忠親は「後世の好事家の偽作にすぎない」、二木謙一は「『直江状』と称する古文書までが偽作された」と唱えた。
- Such a magnificent composition was almost unparalleled from the end of Toyotomi period to the beginning of the Tokugawa period', but Tadachika KUWATA refuted this saying that 'It was just a forgery by a dilettante in a later period' and Kenichi NIKI added in the 1980s, 'Even the old document called 'Naoejo' was forged.'
- その後、昭和40年代に大谷本廟の南側から山科を経由して逢坂山の手前で三条通りへと繋がる「東山バイパス」が造られ国道1号線が京津線の走る三条通りから五条通りに代わり、朝夕のラッシュ時の五条踏み切りで慢性的に大渋滞が発生。
- Thereafter, the 'Higashiyama Bypass' linking the south of Otani Mausoleum to Sanjo-dori Street just before Osakayama via Yamashina was constructed, and the National Route 1 was changed from Sanjo-dori Street where Keishin Line ran to Gojo-dori Street; this caused severe chronic congestion to occur at the Gojo Grade crossing during the morning and evening rush hours.
- こうした点から、百済観音は夢殿本尊像などよりはやや年代が下るが、初唐彫刻の影響が見られる薬師寺東院堂の聖観音像や法隆寺の夢違観音像などよりは古く、おおむね7世紀半ばから後半の作とする点で研究者の意見はほぼ一致している。
- Based on these points, researchers agree on the most part that while Kudara Kannon-zo was made at a later time than the statue at the honzon of Yumedono and others, it is older than the Sho Kannon-zo (statue of Sho Kannon) at Yakushi-ji Temple Toin-do and Yume-Chigai Kannon-zo (statue of Yume-Chigai Kannon) at Horyu-ji Temple, among others, which show the influence of the sculpture of the early Tang period, and that it is the work of roughly around the middle to late seventh century.
- 『日本紀略』延長 (元号)七年(929年)の条の、「紫宸殿障子を賢聖像に改書せしむ。」の記述から、「賢聖の障子」と、同時に立てた「障子戸」すなわちふすま建具の誕生の年代は、延喜年間(901~914年)であると推測される。
- Apparently from the description of the section of the year 929 in 'Nihongi Ryaku,' that is, 'the overdrawn image of Kenjo sage on the shoji of Shishinden,' apparently the date of the appearance of 'Shoji-to,' that is, Fusuma, which was set at the same time of 'Kenjo no shoji,' was from 901 to 914.
- 昭和30年代以降は黒澤明とともに東宝の大作及び時代劇路線の代表的な監督とされ、34年三船出演・円谷英二特撮の東宝1000本記念映画「日本誕生」を、37年東宝30周年記念映画「忠臣蔵」を製作し、それぞれ興行的に成功を収めた。
- Beginning in 1955, he was recognized, along with Akira KUROSAWA, as being one of Toho's two great master directors of epics and period dramas; in 1959 he created 'Nihon tanjo' (The Birth of Japan), Toho's commemorative 1000th film, starring Mifune and featuring special effects by Eiji TSUBURAYA, as well as the 1962 commemorative film 'Chushingura' (sometimes credited as 'The Forty-Seven Ronin' in English) celebrating the 30th anniversary of Toho's founding in 1932, both of which achieved success as entertainment films.
- だが70年代に東宝が一挙に製作を縮小した際(自社製作を独立プロ並みの年間数本に減らすという事実上の製作中止に等しい大鉈であった)にも最後まで契約が続いた監督の一人でもあり、日本で最もギャラの高い監督と言われた時期もあった。
- However, he was one of the directors who maintained a contract with Toho to the end, even in face of Toho's drastic cut-down in production (Toho decided to reduce the number of its production to only several films a year, the level of an independent production company, and that was a complete volte-face deemed as a practical halt in production), and for a while, he was said to be the director with the highest guarantee fee in Japan.
- 1980年代末期に舞鶴自動車道(現:舞鶴若狭自動車道)が開通した頃は、大阪~福知山間にハイウェイバス(西日本JRバス・神姫バスによる運行)が設定されていたが、本数が少ないことや、利用が低迷していたため、数年で廃止されている。
- When the Maizuru Expressway (the present Maizuru Wakasa Expressway) opened in the late 1980s, the expressway bus service was operated (by West JR Bus Company and Shinki Bus) in the section between Osaka and Fukuchiyama, but the operation was ended several years later because the number of bus services and passengers was low.
- その反省から、1990年代以降は自前の酒米用農地(田んぼ)を持ち、春から秋にかけては米作りを、秋から春にかけては酒造りをおこなう蔵や、酒米作りを専門とする農家と栽培契約をむすび一体化した生産体制に切り替える蔵が急増している。
- Consequent upon the foregoing, since 1990s, the number of breweries that have their own agricultural land (paddy fields) in which to produce sakamai and carry out rice growing from spring to autumn and sake brewing from autumn to spring, and other breweries that conclude contracts for growing to unify their production systems, has rapidly increased.
- そのため、安閑天皇・宣化天皇を擁立する勢力と、異母弟の欽明天皇を奉ずる勢力の間で朝廷が分裂しており、書紀がその事実を隠蔽するために年代をずらしたとの林屋辰三郎らによる説(二朝並立説)まで登場した(→詳細は欽明天皇の項を参照)。
- As a result, Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA and others even insisted a theory that Shoki modified the year in order to hide the fact that the Imperial Court was split into a group which supported the Emperor Ankan and the Emperor Senka and another which supported their younger half brother Emperor Kinmei (a theory of collateral two Imperial Courts) (For details, refer to the article on the Emperor Kinmei).
- よってタイアップ品として、かつては山崎製パンなどからドラえもんにちなんだどら焼きが製造・販売され、2000年代現在では、文明堂よりドラえもんの焼印を付けたどら焼き、『ドラえもん どら焼き』が毎年3月前後と9月前後に販売される。
- As a result, licensed products have been manufactured and sold including in the past Dorayaki named after Doraemon by Yamazaki Baking Co., Ltd. and other companies and since 2000 Bunmeido has sold Dorayaki with a Doraemon mark called 'Doraemon Dorayaki' around March and September each year.
- 記紀の比売許曽神社の記述Tから阿加流比売神とシタテルヒメを同一視し、垂仁天皇の条に登場する清彦は、天日矛の四代後とされており、天日矛が来たのは3世紀前半となり、魏志倭人伝に描かれた卑弥呼の年代と一致するとする説を唱える者もある。
- Some state a theory that identifies Akaruhime with Shitateruhime based on the description of Himekoso-jinja Shrine in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, explaining that Kiyohiko who appears in the section of the Emperor Suinin is four generations after Amenohiboko who came to Japan in the early third century, so it matches with the generation of Himiko described in 'The Record of Japan in the History of Wei.'
- 欧化主義(おうかしゅぎ)とは、1880年代の日本において、明治政府が日本の文物・制度・風俗・習慣をヨーロッパ風にして欧米諸国に日本の近代化を認めてもらおうとして採った政策(欧化政策)とこれに関連して盛んに行われた思潮・風俗の動き。
- Europeanism is a policy (a policy of Europeanization) which the Meiji Government implemented to make an impression on Western countries by modernizing Japan, that is to say, by Europeanizing Japanese things, regulations, folkways, and customs in Japan in 1880s, and an active movement of thought and folkways of the times related to the policy.
- 昭和50年代に鹿児島県下で小学生に無料配布されていた西郷隆盛の伝記を簡単にまとめた読本『西郷隆盛』で未亡人の言葉は、亡夫は多くの人間の前に正装ではなく普段着で出るような礼儀をわきまえない人間ではないのにという文脈で解説されている。
- The book 'SAIGO Takamori,' which was simply an organized biography of Takamori SAIGO that was distributed to elementary students in Kagoshima Prefecture free in 1970's, explained that he was not lacking manners, that is, he was not a person who would have gone out to meet people without dressing properly, according to his wife's word.
- 中世日本(平安時代後期から室町時代・戦国時代 (日本))において存在していた被差別民が、中世社会の中でいかなる存在であったかについては、1980年代以降、網野善彦らによって急速に研究が進展しており、いまだその評価は確定していない。
- Research about the state of discriminated people who existed during medieval Japan (in the era from the latter half of the Heian period to the Muromachi period and the Sengoku Period - period of warring states in Japan) has rapidly progressed since the 1980s through efforts by Yoshihiko AMINO and others, but an evaluation has not been established yet.
- 三角縁神獣鏡が出土するのは4世紀以降の古墳のみだというが、近年の年輪年代学の成果により、古墳時代の開始は3世紀に繰り上がっており、3世紀に編年される古墳から出土するので、むしろこの鏡が魏時代のものとして矛盾がないことを示している。
- Against the argument that Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was discovered only in tumulus after the fourth century, it consistently shows that this mirror was made in the Wei dynasty because the beginning of the Tumulus period was moved up to the third century and it was discovered in the tumulus chronologically in the third century due to the recent study results of the chronology in annual rings.
- 清朝にあっては、外国人公使が神聖なる中国皇帝と直接と会見する際には三跪九叩頭の礼をしなければならず、礼を求める清朝側とこれを拒否する外国公使側とで折り合いがつかず、1870年代まで清朝皇帝と簡単には会うことができなかったのである。
- In the Qing dynasty, a foreign minister had to do three kneelings and nine kowtows to meet a holy emperor directly, therefore it took very much time to reach an agreement between the Qing dynasty side and foreign ministries side and it was not easy to meet an emperor of the Qing dynasty until 1870's.
- また、近年、全羅南道の霊岩郡では、毎年王仁博士祭りを開き、日本に文化を伝えた王仁を記念している(現在全羅南道には王仁関連の遺跡も存在しているが、1970年代以降に創作されたものであり、伝承地が作られてゆく生きた実例となっている)。
- In recent years, the Wang-in Culture Festival has been held annually in Yeongam County of South Cholla Province to commemorate Wani who introduced advanced culture to Japan (there are also Wani-related ruins in South Cholla Province but they were created after the 1970's, and these are serving as good examples of creation of a legendary site).
- 昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及など、生活環境の著しい変化により実用面は縮小するものの、夏場を中心に涼をとる生活の道具、花火など日本の風情を楽しむおしゃれの小道具、炊事の道具、広告の媒体としての利用は今も盛んである。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965, however, Uchiwa fan now enjoys popularity as a living tool for cooling off in summer, a fashion tool for enjoying the Japanese taste such as fireworks, a kitchen tool and an advertising medium.
- 1950年代に発表された藤井論文以降、伊勢氏のうちで備中国に居住した支流で、備中国荏原庄(現井原市)で生まれたという説が有力となり、その後の資料検証によって備中荏原荘の半分を領する領主(300貫といわれる)であることがほぼ確定した。
- Since the Fujii Theory was published in the 1950s, the most popular theory states that Soun was born in the village of Ebara (modern day Ihara City) into a branch of the Ise clan residing in the Province of Bitchu, and the study of other documents has basically determined that he was a feudal lord owning half of Bitchu Ebara (worth 300 kan, a unit of rice weight used before the koku system).
- その後、右近衛少将に任じられた(『尊卑分脈』)が、天延元年(987年)頃、同年に出家した兄の源時通の後を追うかのように出家した(三善為康の『拾遺往生伝』には天元 (日本)年間に19歳で出家と記すが、年齢はともかく年代は誤りである)。
- He was assigned later as Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) ('Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy)) but underwent shukke (become the Buddhist monk), following the example of his older brother, MINAMOTO no Tokimichi in the same year ('Shui Ojo-den'(Gleaning passing on to the next life (dying)) of MIYOSHI no Tameyasu stated that he underwent shukke when he was 19 years old during the Tengen period (978 - 983), but while the age seems suitable, the time period is wrong).
- 1970年代頃まで、京都の町中(まちなか、ここでは、市内の住宅と商家が密集している地区で、かつ伝統的なコミュニティーが残存しているところを指す)では、打ち水はかどはき(自家の前を掃ききよめること)とともに、毎朝の大切な仕事であった。
- Until mid-1970's, Uchimizu, along with kadohaki (sweeping the road in front of a house), was an important task done every morning in Kyoto's machinaka (in this context, it refers to a district densely-packed with residential houses and stores where a traditional community remains).
- また、建築史学者と歴史家の間に法隆寺の建設年代に関する論争(法隆寺再建・非再建論争)が起こったが、現存する建物の様式論や、六国史などの文献研究はもとより、遺構調査など考古学の発掘成果も取り入れられるようになって、学問の深化が見られた。
- Historians and scholars of architectural history were in dispute about the year of construction of Horyu-ji Temple (and whether or not the temple had been rebuilt), which led to a more in-depth study of Japan's architectural history using methods such as archaeological excavation and surveying remnants of ancient structures, examining the styles of existing buildings and studying literature such as Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories).
- 縄文時代(じょうもんじだい)は、年代でいうと今から約16,500年から約3,000年前(紀元前10世紀)、地質時代では更新世末期から完新世にかけて日本列島で発展した時代であり、世界史では中石器時代ないし新石器時代に相当する時代である。
- The Jomon period is approximately from 16,500 to 3,000 years ago (the tenth century B.C.) in terms of date, developed from the end of the Pleistocene epoch to the Holocene epoch in the Japanese archipelago in terms of geological age, and is comparable to the Mesolithic period or the Neolithic period in terms of the world history.
- 北アイルランドは、1970年代以降、建物の多くにイギリスとの連合維持を求めるユニオニストやイギリスからの独立を求めるナショナリスト双方の主張を交えた政治的な壁画が描かれ、そのいくつかは紛争をあおるとして論議を呼んだり塗り替えられている。
- In Northern Ireland, after the 1970s, politically-minded wall paintings were drawn on many buildings based on the ideology of the Unionist who were wishing their area to remain or become part of the United Kingdom and the ideology of the Nationalist who wanted their area to become independent from the United Kingdom, and some of these wall paintings caused controversy and co lignite a conflict, and were eventually redrawn.
- 内容は、神武天皇より堀河天皇の寛治8年(1094年)3月2日 (旧暦)までの国史について、帝王系図の類を基礎に和漢年代記を書入れ、さらに六国史や『慈覚大師伝』などの僧伝・流記・寺院縁起など仏教関係の記事を中心に、漢文・編年体で記している。
- It was written in classical Chinese and in chronological order, dealing with the national history ranging from Emperor Jinmu's reign to March 26 1094 (Emperor Horikawa's reign) in which chronicles of Japan and China based on a genealogical table of the Emperor were added, and besides that Rikkokushi and 'Jikaku Taishi Den' (Biography of Bishop Jikaku), which contains the Buddhist related articles such as biographies of priests, history, and origins of temples were put in the book.
- 前半の源氏三代将軍記の編纂年代は和田英松同様に時宗・政村の時代、1242年(仁治3年)7月以降、1270年前後とするが、後半は第42巻の宗尊将軍記の袖書きに後深草天皇が1290年(正応3年)2月に出家していると記していることからそれ以降。
- Just like Hidematsu WADA, he conjectured that the first half of the record of Minamoto clan shogunate indicates that the book was compiled in the reign of Tokimune and Masamura, after July of 1242, and around 1270, while the latter half was compiled after February of 1290, because the side notes in the 42nd volume of the record of shogun Prince Munetaka says Emperor Gofukakusa became a priest then.
- しかし、1970年代の漫才ブームの頃に若手として登場したお笑いタレント兼務の漫才師たちにより、その伝統は崩されていき、よりファッショナブルにあるいはラフに、カジュアルなストリートファッションのような衣装で演じられることが多くなっていった。
- However, the young manzai-shi who were also active as comedians in the manzai boom in 1970's started changing the tradition and many of them began wearing more fashionable or informal dress which can be seen on the street.
- ただし大正・昭和初期の新日本音楽における邦楽界の洋楽受容が、和声的な書法で作曲しやすい箏を中心としたのに対し、1960年代の洋楽系現代音楽界の邦楽受容においては箏は必ずしも主役ではなく、むしろノイズ的書法で作曲しやすい尺八が中心となった。
- Provided, however, that while Soh music, which is easy to compose by the way of harmony, was mainly introduced into Western music in the case of new Japanese music in the era of Taisho and early Showa, shakuhachi music, which is easy to compose by the way of noise, was mainly introduced, instead of Soh, into the contemporary Western music of 1960s.
- 現存する代表作は大徳寺大仙院方丈の障壁画(方丈は永正10年(1513年)に完成)、天文 (元号)12年(1543年)の妙心寺霊雲院障壁画などである(大仙院障壁画については、方丈竣工時の作品ではなく、やや後の年代の作とする見方が有力である)。
- His best existing works include the screen paintings in the hojo of Daisenin, Daitoku-ji Temple (the hojo, or chief priest's room, was completed in 1513) and another one in Reiunin, Myoshin-ji Temple in 1543 (it is widely believed that the screen paintings in Daisenin were not created at the time the hojo was completed but were done in a slightly later period).
- 長谷寺の本尊像については、神亀年間(720年代)、近隣の初瀬川に流れ着いた巨大な神木が大いなる祟りを呼び、恐怖した村人の懇願を受けて開祖徳道が祟りの根源である神木を観音菩薩像に作り替え、これを近くの初瀬山に祀ったという長谷寺開山の伝承がある。
- According to a legend about the founding of Hase-dera Temple, in the 720s a big sacred tree washed up on the banks of the Hatsuse River and brought down a great curse, causing fear among the villagers, who asked the founder, Tokudo, to make a statue of the Bodhisattva Kannon from the sacred tree, which was the root of curse, and the statue was enshrined on Mt. Hatsuse near the village.
- まず、系統番号 (バス)の設定(京阪バスは淀宇治線は11号経路(途中折返しは11A号経路)、山崎宇治線(1980年代初期頃に廃止)は12号経路。京阪宇治交通は大久保経由が21系統、小倉経由が31系統、淀~市田の区間運転系統が32系統となる)。
- First, the numbering of routes and lines: Keihan Bus designated its Uji-Yodo Route as Route No. 11 (a looping-back service from midway point was designated as Route No. 11A) and the Yamazaki-Uji Route as Route No.12 (abolished in the early 1980s), and Keihan Uji Kotsu designated its Uji-Yodo Route via Okubo as Line No.21, the same route via Ogura as Line No.31 and its sectional services between Yodo and Ichida as Line No.32.
- 60年代に入ると『若い人』(主演石原裕次郎)、『青い山脈』(主演吉永小百合)、『伊豆の踊子』(主演吉永小百合)、『エデンの海』(主演高橋英樹 (俳優))、『帰郷』(主演吉永小百合)などの作品でその才能を遺憾なく発揮し、日本映画の全盛期を飾った。
- In 1960's, he showed his talent freely in movies such as 'Wakai hito' (The young people) (main actor was Yujiro ISHIZAKA), 'Aoi sanmyaku' (The Green Mountains) (main actress was Sayuri YOSHINAGA), 'Dancing Girls of Izu' (main actress was Sayuri YOSHINAGA), 'Eden no umi' (The Sea of Eden) (main actor was Hideki TAKAHASHI), 'Kikyo' (going home) (main actress was Sayuri YOSHINAGA), and he played an active role in the golden age of Japanese movies.
- なかでも、舞鶴市の東舞鶴・北吸地区に現存する倉庫群は12棟で、建造年代は1901年(明治34年)から1903年(明治36年)の明治期にかけて9棟建てられ、1918年(大正6年)から1921年(大正9年)の大正期にかけて3棟建てられたものである。
- Among the surviving twelve warehouses in the Kitasui area of Higashi-Maizuru, Maizuru City, nine warehouses were built during the period from 1901 to 1903 in the Meiji period, and three were built between 1918 and 1921 in the Taisho period.
- 二・二六事件や五・十五事件以降の軍部の台頭と政党政治の終焉以降の1930年代後半ころには、日中戦争の激化と世界的な国際関係の緊張を受け国家総動員法となり、これらの文化は「軟弱で贅沢」「反“新体制”的」として排斥され、昭和モダンは終わりを迎える。
- In the latter half of 1930s, after the ascendancy of the military and the end of the party politics following the Incident of February 26 and the Incident of May 15, the Sino-Japanese War intensified and the international tensions ran high, which led to the promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, and, against such a background, the culture described so far was criticized as being 'weak and wasteful' and 'against the 'new order',' and Showa-modern was terminated.
- 1990年代になると伽耶研究の対象が従来の金官伽耶・任那加羅(いずれも金海地区)の倭との関係だけではなく、井上説を支持する田中俊明 (朝鮮史)の提唱になる大伽耶連盟の概念により、高霊地域の大伽耶を中心とする伽耶そのものの歴史研究に移行していった。
- From the 1990s, the study of Gaya targeted not only the relationship between Wa and Geumgwan Gaya or Mimana Gaya (in Gimhae District) as in the past, but also the history of Gaya itself, which centered Dae Gaya in Goryeong region, inspired by the concept of Dae Gaya confederacy proposed by Toshiaki TANAKA (Korean history) who supported Inoue's theory.
- また、1990年代前半ころ、ビデオカメラ(カムコーダ)が各家庭に普及し始め、そのカムコーダを用いて長柄八幡宮・南長柄八幡宮、そして「キタ」の華麗さを取り入れた平野地車囃子保存会による、派手な親太鼓の演奏を録画して真似る保存会、講・連が増えていった。
- Also, in the early 1990s, as camcorders started to spread amongst families, there was an increase in preservation societies, Ko and Ren, recording the showy performance of the oyadaiko played by Nagae-hachimangu Shrine, Minami Nagae-hachimangu Shrine and Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai which took in the splendor of the performance of 'Kita' (a part of the Kita Ward in Osaka City).
- 明治中期までは近代的歴史学による実証的研究から後醍醐天皇・南朝の正統性はそれほど強調されていなかったが、明治40年代に入り、南北朝正閏論を経て、後醍醐天皇・南朝の正統性が強く主張されていき、それに伴って尊氏に対する否定的な評価が確定することとなった。
- Until mid Meiji period, source-based study of modern history did not emphasize the validity of Emperor Go-Daigo (the Southern Court), but at around 1907 40 when the Nanbokucho Seijunron arose, the validity of Emperor Go-Daigo came to be stressed, creating a negative evaluation of Takauji.
- 麦焼酎は1960年代まで焼酎の中ではメジャーな存在ではなかったが、東京農業大学の柳田藤治によってイオン交換を麦焼酎へ応用する手法が開発され、宮崎県の柳田酒造によって実際の使用方法が確立すると多くの麦焼酎メーカーがイオン交換濾過法を導入することとなった。
- Until 1960's barley shochu was not major among various kinds of shochu, but Fujiharu YANAGIDA at Tokyo University of Agriculture developed a technique to apply ion exchange to barley shochu and after Yanagita Shuzo in Miyazaki Prefecture established the actual use of the technique, a lot of barley shochu makers introduced the ion exchange filtration.
- 80年代から再び映画に復帰、『仁義なき戦い』(1979年)、『影の軍団・服部半蔵』(1980年)、『ヨコハマBJブルース』(1981年)、『野獣刑事(デカ)』(1982年)、『リング・リング・リング/涙のチャンピオンベルト』(1993年)などを監督した。
- In the 1980s, he returned to filmmaking and directed films including 'Jingi naki Tatakai' (Battle Without Honor and Humanity, 1979), 'Kage no Gundan: Hattori Hanzo' (Shadow Warriors, 1980), 'Yokohama BJ Blues' (1981), 'Yaju Deka' (Brutal detective, 1982), and 'Ring ring ring, Namida no Champion Belt' (Ring ring ring, champion belt in tears, 1993).
- 郡山記の成立年代は定かではないが、最も新しい記事が弘化3年(1847年)12月付の十津川村でのものであることや、伴存から門弟の堀田龍之介にあてた弘化4年(1847年)12月27日付の書簡で群山記の構成を伝えていることから、弘化4年頃のことであると見られる。
- It is not exactly clear when Gunzanki was written, but because the latest article was about Totsukawa-mura Village in January 1847 and Tomoari mentioned the construction of the Gunzanki in the latter to his disciple Ryunosuke HOTTA dated on February 1, 1848; it is thought to be around 1848.
- 概ね創宗蜜月時代といわれていた昭和40年代辺りの得度の世代だと、創価学会からの多大な寄進で新寺院が急増し僧侶の「粗製濫造」が進んだことが一部で指摘されているが、他の伝統仏教に比べ在家出身の修行僧が多いため、現在では僧侶としての厳格な素養教育には定評がある。
- In the generation who entered into the priesthood around 1965, which was called the honeymoon period of Soshu (Soka Gakkai and Nichiren Shoshu Sect), many new temples were built rapidly thanks to huge donations from Soka Gakkai, some people were appointed that more monks and lower quality, just like 'quantity products of low quality,' because there were more ascetic monks who came from among lay believers than other traditional Buddhist schools, and currently they have a good reputation of their strict grounding on education of monks.
- 魏の鏡であるか、それとも日本製なのかについては、どちらの説にも決定的な証拠はないが、近年定説化しつつある年代観からすれば景初三年銘、正始元年銘の三角縁神獣鏡自体は紀年にあるとおり3世紀の鏡として理解できるため、邪馬台国大和説の有力な根拠のひとつとなっている。
- Though there is no crucial evidence to determine whether the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was made in the Wei dynasty or in Japan, it is one of the compelling evidences of the Yamato theory of the Yamatai-Koku kingdom because the mirror inscribed with the years 239 and 240 can be considered to be mirrors from the third century as seen when counting years according to the accepted view of chronology in recent years.
- いっぽう、1980年代後半より花粉症対策検討委員会を、1998年からはアレルギー性疾患対策検討委員会を設けるなど独自に花粉症・アレルギーに関する研究や施策を行ってきた東京都では、花粉の発生源である森林への対策を取りまとめ、2006年度より事業として始めることになった。
- In Tokyo, which has independently implemented research and measures into pollinosis and allergies including the Pollen Allergy Measurements and Review Committee implemented in the latter half of the 1980s and the Allergic Disease Countermeasures Investigation Committee founded in 1998, countermeasures against forests which are a source of pollen have been compiled and these were put into operation in 2006.
- このような批判がなされる背景には、日本仏教における伝統宗派の多くは、1970年代以降「下からの近代化」を目指す動きの中で試行錯誤しながら教団体質の民主化を進めてきたのと対照的に、日蓮正宗は伝統的に管長一人に権力をより集中させており中央集権制を維持していることが挙げられる。
- There is a background for criticism of the above, on the contrary to many traditional religious schools in Japanese Buddhism who tried to democratize the nature of the religious group by going through trial and error in the movement of 'modernization from the base' after the 1970's, however, Nichiren Shoshu Sect has a tendency to traditionally focus political power on one person, kancho, and maintains the centralization of power.
- 制作年代については、「歴史」の項で述べたように持統天皇2年(688年)には完成していたとする説、『日本書紀』に持統天皇11年(697年)、薬師寺にて仏像の開眼法会を行った旨の記録があることから、この時に制作されたとする説、平城京移転後の新造とする説があり、決着をみていない。
- As mentioned in the section of 'History,' there are indecisive three theories over the issue concerning the production age of these statues: the first theory suggests that these statues had already been completed by 688, the second theory suggests that they were produced in 697 because there is a record in 'Nihonshoki' that Kaigan-hoe (ceremony of 'Kaigan', enshrining newly built Buddhist image and to put a spirit as opening eyes to Buddhism) was held at Yakushi-ji Temple in 697, and the third theory suggests that these statues were newly produced after the relocation to Heijo-kyo.
- 中村元 (哲学者)は、長者窮子の譬喩で金融を行って利息を取っていた長者の臨終の様子から、貨幣経済の非常に発達した時代でなければ、このような一人富豪であるに留まらず国王等を畏怖駆使せしめるような資本家はでてこないので、法華経が成立した年代の上限は西暦40年であると推察している。
- The philosopher Hajime NAKAMURA guesses that the oldest limit of age when Hokke-kyo sutra was written must be 40 B.C., judging by the situation of a dying wealthy man who took an interest in finance, as described in the parable of the wealthy man and the poor son; because there could not be such a wealthy man who was not only a wealthy man but also a capitalist and was scared by kings and utilized them, unless it was in the age when money economy became much more developed.
- そしてその後の治承・寿永の乱、鎌倉幕府成立、承久の乱を経て13世紀半ば、鎌倉を追われた前将軍宗尊親王が京都に到着する1266年(文永3年)7月20日の条までの87年間を、武家政権や社会の動きを鎌倉幕府将軍の年代記というスタイルで、貴族の日記と同じように和風漢文で記述されている。
- The work was written in a mixed writing style of Japanese and Chinese loanwords or passages just like diaries written by court nobles, and it takes the form of a chronicle of the Kamakura shogun, containing records of 87 years, which begin with the Jisho-Juei War through the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Jokyu Disturbance, until the middle of the 13th century of Imperial Prince Munetaka's arrival at Kyoto on July 20, 1266, who was a retired shogun expelled from Kamakura.
- 東映は1960年代後半から映画の斜陽化が顕著になると、ヤクザもの映画で観客動員を保つ一方で、時代劇が斜陽になったことからに京都撮影所のオープンセットの維持を画して、その一部を新設子会社の「(株)東映京都スタジオ」に移管し、東映太秦映画村として1975年11月1日に開村・公開した。
- In the late 1960s, when the downturn of the movie industry was obvious and samurai movies were already losing popularity, Toei, with its yakuza movies (Japanese gang movies) barely drawing fans, attempted to preserve its outdoor studio sets in Kyoto by transferring part of them to the newly established affiliate company 'Toei Kyoto Studio Co., Ltd.,' which called itself Toei Movie Land and opened to the public on November 1, 1975.
- 現在の今宮神社は、994年(正暦5年)船岡山で御霊会が行われた後、1001年(長保3年)5月に現在の場所に神殿が造営されて3柱の神が祀られたのに始まるとされるが、現在の場所には創建年代については不明であるが、古くから疫病の神とされるスサノオを祀る社(現在摂社疫神社)があったという。
- The current Imamiya-jinja Shrine is said to have originated in May 1001 when the temple was built in the current location and the three gods were enshrined after Goryo-e (ritual ceremony to repose of spirits of a deceased person) was performed in Mt. Funaoka in 994, but the year of establishment at the current location is unknown, although it has long been a shrine enshrining Susanoo (currently, sessha (auxiliary shrine - dedicated to a deity close-related to that of a main shrine) Eki-jinja Shrine), the god of epidemics.
- また、昭和40年代に教義解釈や宗門の運営、財産問題などを巡り、改革派が主導する宗派内局(当局)と大谷家との間に激しい対立(お東騒動)が生じると、演慧は改革派にも理解を示し、改革派内局のもとで参務(大臣に相当)や式務部長などの要職にも就き、内局と大谷家との調整役を果たしたといわれる。
- It is said that when a conflict (Higashi-sodo Strife) occured from 1965 to 1974 between Naikyoku (intra-ministerial bureau) of the religious school led by the reformers and the Otani family over the interpretation of creed, operation of doctrine, and property issues, Ennei exhibited an understanding to the reformers, held important positions such as Sanmu (equivalent to the minister) and Shikimu-bucho (general manager of the Ceremony Performance Division) in Naikyoku of the reformers, and then played a coordinating role between Naikyoku and the Otani family.
- 一方、後期後半期の近畿の高地性集落(大阪府和泉市観音寺山遺跡、同高槻市古曾部遺跡などは環濠を巡らす山城)については、その盛行期が、上述の理由から北部九州・畿内ともおおよそ史書に記載された倭国大乱の年代とほぼ一致することから、これらを倭国大乱と関連させる理解が主流を占めているようである。
- On the other hand, upland settlements in the Kinki region in the latter half of the end period (Kannonjiyama site at Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture and Kosobe site at Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture are mountain castle with moat) are considered to hold some relationship to the Wakoku War, as its prospered period in both northern Kyushu and Kinai matches to the period of Wakoku War described in history books, after the correction of the period described earlier.
- 1980年代までのタクシー車両は、燃費の関係上、AT(オートマチックトランスミッション)車よりも、MT(マニュアルトランスミッション)車が多く用いられていたが、現在では、AT車の改良により燃費も改善されMT車との格差が少なくなってきたことや、乗務員の疲労軽減等からAT車が主流になっている。
- Up to 1980's, manual transmission vehicles were more common than automatic transmission vehicles for taxis because of the better fuel consumption, but because automatic transmission vehicles have been being improved and there is little difference in fuel consumption between these two types and to reduce fatigue of taxi drivers, automatic transmission vehicles have been becoming mainstream for taxis.
- 高梨政盛の代に、越後守護代の長尾氏と関係を強めるため、長尾能景に娘(政盛と能景は同年代であるため、政高の娘である可能性が高い)を嫁がせるが、その娘が産んだ長尾為景(上杉謙信の父)が越後守護代となり、室町末期には越後で守護上杉氏と長尾家の争いが起きると、高梨氏もそれに巻き込まれることになった。
- In Masamori TAKANASHI's time, to strengthen the connection between the Takanashi and Nagao clans, the deputy governor of Echigo, Masamori, had his daughter marry Yoshikage NAGAO (since Masamori and Yoshikage were at the same age, she was probably a daughter of Masataka) and the daughter bore Tamekage NAGAO (the father of Kenshin UESUGI), who ultimately became a deputy governor of Echigo, so that the Takanashi clan was involved in the conflict between the Uesugi clan, the governor of Echigo, and the Nagao clan in Echigo during the late Muromachi period.
- 正式な成立年代は未詳であるが、永延~寛徳年間(987年~1048年)に成立した『玄々集』(能因撰・私撰集)に『増基法師集』中の歌が2首収められ、また応徳3年(1086年)撰進の『後拾遺和歌集』には同じく10首入集していることなどから、遅くとも11世紀中頃には成立していたのではないかと考えられる。
- The accurate year of completion is unknown but it is estimated that the collection had been completed by the mid-11th century at the latest based on the facts that two poems from 'Zokihoshishu' were included in 'Gengen shu' (a personal collection of poetry by Noin) that was completed during Eien and Kantoku era (987-1048); ten poems were selected in 'GoShui wakashu' compiled and presented to the Emperor in 1086.
- 1970年代後半にはフジテレビの番組『花王名人劇場』、『THE MANZAI』からマンザイブームが起こり、横山やすし・西川きよし、中田カウス・ボタン、コメディNo.1、ツービート、星セント・ルイス、ザ・ぼんち、西川のりお・上方よしお、紳助・竜介、BB (漫才)などの中堅や若手漫才師が人気を集めた。
- In the late 1970's, manzai became popular through the TV shows on the Fuji television channel, namely 'Kao Meijin Gekijo' and 'THE MANZAI,' and some mid-career and young manzai-shi including duos of Yasushi YOKOYAMA and Kiyoshi NISHIKAWA, Kausu and Botan NAKATA, Comedy No.1, Two-Beat, Sento and Ruisu HOSHI, The Bonchi, Norio NISHIKAWA and Yoshio KAMIGATA, Shinsuke and Ryusuke as well as BB achieved significant popularity.
- 昔(1980年代頃まで)は、官公庁の業務が開始される(仕事始め)1月4日以降に初売りを行う小売店が多かったが、24時間営業のコンビニエンスストアが増えた現在では、スーパーマーケットや専門店での元日の初売りも珍しくなくなり、元日に休業するほとんどの小売店も1月2日までに初売りを行うようになっている。
- Before (until 1980s), many retailers did 'Hatsuuri' on or after January 4, when government administration offices start work (Shigoto hajime); however, now, the number of 24-hour convenience stores has increased and 'Hatsuuri' of January 1 by supermarkets and specialty stores are not unusual, and so most retailers, which are closed on January 1, have come to do 'Hatsuuri' on January 2.
- また、姿を消していく蒸気機関車を追うように1970年代前半に全国でSLブームが起こり、函館本線目名駅 - 上目名駅間(現・廃止)や伯備線布原信号場(現・布原駅)などに代表される撮影ポイントに多くのファンが押し寄せるようになり、まったく鉄道に興味のない人まで蒸気機関車を追いかけるようになったのである。
- In addition, with more people chasing disappearing steam locomotives, a steam locomotive boom took place across the country in the first half of the 1970s; a lot of fans began to come to good places for taking pictures of steam locomotives typified by the place between Mena Station and Kami-mena Station (now abolished) in the Hakodate trunk line and Nunohara Signal Station (now Nunohara Station) in the Kibi Line, and even some people who were not interested in railroads started chasing steam locomotives.
- 編者・成立年代について、平安時代末期の保安 (元号)2年(1121年)、3年に書写された最古の写本(現宮内庁書陵部所蔵)が、小槻氏に永く秘蔵されていたことから、小槻氏によって編纂され、本書収録の最も新しい年次の文書が寛治7年正月19日の宣旨であるため、寛治7年から保安2年までの間に成立したと従来考えられてきた。
- Its oldest manuscript (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives) copied in 1121 to 1122, towards the end of the Heian period, was kept secretly by the Ozuki clan for a long time, with the latest document included there concerned with an imperial decree issued on 23 February, 1093, and therefore, it has been considered that the document was completed between 1093 and 1121.
- また成立年代については、標記中に「従四位下籠名神」とあることから、籠神社が「従四位下」であった期間、すなわち貞観 (日本)13年(871年)6月8日 (旧暦)を上限とし、元慶元年(877年)12月14日 (旧暦)を下限とするが(『日本三代実録』)、下述「勘注系図」の注記にも貞観年中(859~77年)の成立とある。
- As for when the Hon-keizu was drawn up, it is speculated that from the words 'Jushiinoge Kono-myojin' (Kono-jinja Shrine, Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) of the central phrase, it was drawn up between July 3, 871 and January 24, 878, when Kono-jinja Shrine was ranked as Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade (Reference: 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)), supported by a footnote in the 'Kanchu-keizu' (see below) that says it was drawn up during the Jogan era (859 to 877).
- 『鉄炮記』には「天文 (元号)癸卯」(1543年)と記されているが、一方でポルトガル側の史料には鉄砲の伝来を記さないものや、イエズス会の『日本教会史』には1542年(天文11年)の出来事、フェルナン・メンデス・ピントの『東洋遍歴記』には1545年(天文14年)の出来事であると記されているなど年代には諸説が存在する。
- While 'Teppoki' records firearms that were introduced into Japan in 1543, several theories about the date exist including some materials from the Portuguese side do not even cover the event and 'Nihon Kyokai Shi' (História Da Igreja Do Japão) compiled by the Society of Jesus mentions that it was in 1542 and the 'Toyo Henreki Ki' (Peregrinacao) by Fernão Mendes Pinto states that it was in 1545.
- 660年代後半、都を近江宮へ移していた天智天皇は同母弟の大海人皇子を皇太子(日本書紀には「皇太弟」とある。また、大海人皇子の立太子そのものを日本書紀の創作とする説もある)に立てていたが天智天皇10年10月17日 (旧暦)(671年11月26日)、自身の皇子である大友皇子を太政大臣につけて後継とする意思をみせ始めた。
- In the late 660s, Emperor Tenchi who transferred the capital to Omi no miya had originally designated his younger maternal half-brother Prince Oama as Crown Prince (according to the Nihonshoki [Chronicles of Japan], the younger brother of an Emperor. And also there is a theory that the story of Prince Oama was designated as heir was itself a fiction in the Nihonshoki) but on November 26, 671, he designated his own son Prince Otomo as Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) beginning to show his will to let Prince Otomo succeed to the throne.
- フランスでは、1980年代に「日蓮正宗(創価学会)」の名称でセクトとする報告が国民議会へ提出されたこともあるが、1996年の新しい報告書において該当部分は創価学会インタナショナルと書き改められており、日蓮正宗と創価学会を分離した上で判断を下しているが、一部の民間団体では創価学会と同様のセクトと主張する団体も存在する。
- In France, there was a report on the official name of 'Nichiren Shoshu Sect' (Soka Gakkai) as a sect submitted to the National Assembly in the 1980's, however it was revised to Soka Gakkai International in new report in 1996, the decision was made after the consideration of separating Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai, but there is a group exist in one part of private group insisting Nichiren Shoshu Sect as sect, same as Soka Gakkai.
- 本線から京津線(地下鉄東西線)への乗り換え案内は、1980年代頃までは「大津、石山、坂本方面」、1990年頃から京津三条駅廃止までは「山科、大津、びわ湖方面」と呼称していたが、同駅が廃止された1997年から2003年の間は「大津、びわ湖方面と、地下鉄東西線」と呼称(山科は東西線で直接行けるため抹消されたと見られる。)。
- For passengers changing trains from Keihan Main Line to Keishin Line (the subway Tozai Line), an announcement in the car gave the destination as 'the direction of Otsu, Ishiyama and Sakamoto' until about 1980s, as 'the direction of Yamashina, Otsu and Lake Biwa,' from around 1990 until the time Keishin Sanjo Station was closed,' and as 'the direction of Otsu and Lake Biwa, or the subway Tozai Line' from 1997 (when Keishin Sanjo Station was closed) until 2003 (Yamashina seems to have been removed because passengers can reach it directly on the Tozai Line).
- モンゴル帝国時代、元 (王朝)時代の「日本観」についてであるが、大元朝後期に中書右丞相トクトらによって編纂された『宋史』「日本伝」では、「年代紀に記するところ」として天御中主尊から天照大神尊などの二十三世、神武天皇から冷泉天皇、(宋代初期の)当代の守平天皇(円融天皇)までの約六十四代を列記、されており、以下が記載されている。
- What can be said about information on Japan documented during the Mongolian Empire period, or the Yuan Dynasty, is that the subsection on Japan, 'Japan Accounts' (日本伝), of the 'History of Song Dynasty,' which was complied in the late Great Yuan Dynasty by Prime Minister Toktoghan recounted twenty-three generations from Amenominakanushi-no-mikoto to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) as 'what the Japanese chronicle had listed' and about sixty-four sovereigns, such as from the Emperor Jinmu (a grandson of Amaterasu Omikami) to the Emperor Reizei and the subsequent Emperor Enyu (the Emperor Morihira), who was the emperor of that age (the early Song Dynasty), and recorded as follows:
- また、1990年代後半からは主に考古学的側面から、卓淳(昌原)・安羅(咸安)などの諸地域の研究が推進される一方で、1983年に慶尚南道の松鶴洞一号墳(墳丘長66メートル)が前方後円墳であるとして紹介されて以来相次いだ朝鮮半島南西部での前方後円墳の発見これまでのところ全羅南道に11基、全羅北道に2基の前方後円墳が確認されている。
- And, from the late 1990s, studies of Tokujun (卓淳, in Changwon), Alla (in Haman) and other regions were promoted mainly from the archeological aspect and since the Songhakdong No. 1 tomb in Gyeongsangnam-do (66 meters in length) was announced as a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound in 1983, the same type of tombs have been unearthed one after another in the southwest part of the Korean Peninsula, totaling eleven in South Jeolla Province and two in North Jeolla Province so far.
- 1945年の終戦後、一時連合軍に接収された際に、白木仕上げの内外装が不潔であるとして、米兵によって全館ペンキ塗り潰しにされかかったが、当時の支配人の必死の説得で欄干など直接手が触れる部分のみ朱塗りとすることで本体を守った、というエピソードがあり、1960年代末までは内装の間取りの変更はあったものの、概ね創建当時の姿を保っていた。
- There is an episode when it was temporarily taken over by the allied forces after the war in 1945, U.S. soldiers tried to paint out the interior and exterior design considering them unclean, but the main part were protected while only a part where hands directly touched was painted vermilion-lacquered by the desperate persuasion of the hotel manager in those days; until the end of 1960s it kept the original form almost the same as the opening days, while the room arrangement of the interior design was changed.
- なお、1920年代前後に出生している二世の多くは、日本での教育費用が居留国のそれと比べて、安価であった事、または、日本文化を継承する目的で日本の学校に通う事がある種の流行になった時期があり、また、ネイティブの一世の親から直接日本語を習っていた場合がある為、戦時中や戦後直後に生まれた三世や四世と比べて日本語を理解出来る人口が比較的多い。
- A relatively large number of the nisei (second-generation) unlike third or fourth generations, who were born during or after the war, understand Japanese, since many were born around the 1920s and it was popular among them to go to Japanese schools because of the need they perceived to continue Japanese culture and because education expenses in Japan were lower than that of their countries of residence; and some of them learned Japanese directly from their native Japanese parents.
- その例として、例えば平安時代から鎌倉時代の絵画である「扇面古写経」・「鳥獣人物戯画」・「信貴山縁起絵巻」・「男衾三郎絵詞」・「北野天神縁起(弘安本)」・「東北院職人歌合絵巻」などには「桶」が描かれており、絵画の制作年代から類推して、この「桶」は鎌倉時代以降に作られた結桶ではなく曲桶であり、曲物の「桶」が遅くても平安時代以降には日用的に使用されていたとされている。
- For instance, the paintings from the Heian period through the Kamakura period, such as 'Senmen Koshakyo' (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan), 'Choju Jinbutsu Giga' (caricatures of frolicking birds, animals and humans), 'Shigisan Engi Emaki' (picture scroll depicting the stories about Mt. Shigi), 'Obusuma Saburo Ekotoba' (picture scroll of the Kamakura period), the Koan version of 'Kitano Tenjin Engi' (history of Kitano Tenjin Shrine), and 'Tohoku-in Shokunin Utaawase-emaki (Touhoku-in poetry Contest among persons of various occupations), depict 'oke' (wooden bucket); judging from the periods when these paintings were produced, these oke are not 'yuioke' (wooden bucket with a bottom) which were developed after the Kamakura period, but are 'mageoke,' which suggests that the 'oke' in a form of magemono was used on a daily basis after the Heian period.
- 近年では自転車やリヤカーをもとに形だけではなく設備も充実させ、煮炊きが出来る(ただし江戸時代から屋台では煮炊きの設備を備えていた)物売りも増え、昭和初期から昭和40年代まで品を替え(鮨や蕎麦は廃れおでん売りや菓子パン売りなどが盛んになった)世間で一般的に見られたが、江戸時代から変わらず続いた豆腐売りや納豆売りや金魚売りなども含め、今ではほとんど見る事はなくなった。
- In recent years, more and more monouri not only advanced in appearance but also got equipped with enhanced cooking facilities on their bicycles or trailers towed by bicycles (though, monouri were already equipped with cooking facilities during the Edo period,) and from around 1926 to 1974, monouri were widely seen here and there in Japan by changing their items (Japanese style hotchpotch and sweets bread replaced sushi and soba); at present, however, monouri including those who sell tofu (bean curd), natto (fermented soybeans), and goldfish, the items which were already sold in the Edo period, are fading out.
- TV界に進出した70年代前半を経て東宝映画にて映画界に戻り、ホリプロ(元会長堀威夫氏)に吉永小百合作品を監督した経験から、山口百恵・三浦友和のゴールデンコンビで『伊豆の踊子』をリメイクする事になり、その後、『潮騒』『絶唱』『エデンの海』とリメイク作品の監督をし、その新鮮さと斬新な監督技法は日本映画界の中でも歴史に残る作品であり、代表作にリメイク作品が多いというのも特色である。
- After that, he played an active role in TV in the early 70's and again started producing movies, since he had experience directing Sayuri YOSHINAGA's movie at Horipro, Inc. (former chairman was Takao HORI), he had an opportunity to remake 'Dancing Girls of Izu' having a famous actress and actor, Momoe YAMAGUCHI and Tomokazu MIURA, they were called the golden combination, and also directed remakes of 'Shiosai,' 'Zessho,' 'Eden no umi,' and he is well known for remaking movies and has a fresh and original technique for directing so his movies remain in the history of Japanese movies.
- 加えて、普通列車は永らく国鉄DD51形ディーゼル機関車牽引による旧型客車が使用され続けるなど、車両面での近代化は大きく遅れていた(ただ車両については1980年代前半に生瀬~武田尾間を走行中の普通列車から身を乗り出していた小学生が誤って転落死したこともあり、大阪発着の客車列車に関しては、1985年3月のダイヤ改正で自動扉がついた国鉄12系客車客車に置き換えられて近代化している)。
- Furthermore, the modernization of rail cars was also delayed significantly, as seen in the long-time use of outmoded passenger cars pulled by JNR Diesel Locomotive Type DD51 for the local trains (however, with a fatal accident in the early 1980s, in which an elementary school student who was leaning out of the window accidentally tumbled off the moving train between Namaze and Takedao, passenger cars that started from and terminated at Osaka Station were replaced with the JNR Passenger Car Series 12, equipped with automatic doors, when the timetable was revised in March 1985).
- これを『鎌倉年代記裏書』にある「討手陸奥の守宗宣、下野の守貞綱既に攻め寄せんと欲するの処に、宗方は殿中(師時の舘、禅閤同宿)の騒擾を聞き、宿所より参らるるの間...」と組合わせると、時村と共に北条庶流を代表していた大仏宗宣らが手勢を率いて宝戒寺近辺の殿中・北条師時の館の貞時に詰め寄り、その騒擾を察知した宗方が、これも手勢を率いて駆けつけようとしたところで大仏宗宣、宇都宮守貞、佐々木時清らに討たる。
- When combining this with the description of 'When the chasers, Munenobu, Mutsu no Kami, and Sadatsuna, Shimotsuke no Kami, were going to attack, Munekata heard disturbing noise at Denchu (Morotoki's residence where Sadatoki, zenko (one of the three principal ministers with priesthood) stayed) and on his way to the residence from his lodging--' in 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki,' the following situation can be considered: Munenobu OSARAGI, who, together with Tokimura, was a representative of branch Hojo families, and his followers were getting closer to Sadatoki in Denchu (Mototoki HOJO's residence) near to Hokai-ji Temple, and detecting the disturbing noise, Munekata and his followers rushed to the site, and he was killed by Munenobu OSARAGI, Morisada UTSUNOMIYA, and Tokikiyo SASAKI in the fighting.
- その一方で、平安時代中期の著作である『政事要略』が書名を『貞観儀式』とせずに『儀式 貞観』としているのは、当初からこの書名は『儀式』と称されており、『政事要略』は単に脚注として編纂年代である元号の「貞観」を付記したに過ぎないこと、『本朝法家文書目録』は今日では存在が疑問視されている三代儀式の存在を前提に書いており、実際には存在しなかった弘仁儀式を掲げるなど正確性に疑問があるとして、正式な書名は『儀式』であるとする森田悌らの説も存在する。
- On the other hand, Tei MORITA etc. asserted the official book title must be 'Gishiki' arguing that the author of 'Seiji yoryaku,' compiled during the mid-Heian period, used 'Gishiki Jogan' instead of 'Jogan gishiki' in order to add the era name of 'Jogan' in which the book was compiled while acknowledging the title of the book was 'Gishiki' from the very beginning, and that the credibility of 'Honcho hoka monjo mokuroku' is doubtful because it was written on the premise of the existence of Sandai gishiki whose existence is questioned at present and it listed Konin gishiki (ceremony in the manner of the Konin era) which, in reality, did not exist.