年中: 407 Terms and Phrases

• 年中
• whole year
• all year round
• throughout the year
• always
• all the time
• middle class (of a nursery school, etc.)
• all the year

• 一年中
• all year round

• 年中岳
• Nenjuudake

• 1年中
• all the year round

• 年が年中
• all year round
• year after year

• 年中行事
• annual function
• annual event
• Annual events
• Regular annual events
• Annual events.
• Annual Activities
• Annual festival
• Annual rites and festivals

• 年中失言
• always saying the wrong thing

• 年中無休
• open every day of the year
• open all year around

• 年百年中
• throughout the year
• all the year round
• always

• 1年中の
• year-round

• 年がら年中
• all year round
• year after year
• always

• 年中発情期
• year-round mating season

• - 年中無休
• Open all year round

• 年中行事障子
• The screen of the annual observances

• 年中行事歌合
• Nenjugyoji Utaawase

• 年中開いている
• all-year

• 宮中の年中行事
• Annual Imperial events:

• 東大寺年中行事
• 'Todai-ji nenjugyoji' (Todai-ji Temple Annual Events)

• 同年中に薨去。
• He died in 1746.
• He died in the same year.

• 建久年中検田帳
• The Kenkyu Era Cadastral Survey records

• 祭事・年中行事
• Festivals and annual events

• 1年中開いている
• year-round

• 1年中利用可能。
• It can be used on any day throughout the year.

• 『建武年中行事』
• 'Kenmu Nenchu Gyoji' (books about annual events of the Imperial court)

• 休館日：年中無休
• Closed: none; open through year

• 一年中雨が多い。
• They have much rain all the year round.

• 2006年中国杯
• 2006 Cup of China

• 2009年中国杯
• 2009 Cup of China

• 2007年中国杯
• 2007 Cup of China

• 2010年中国杯
• 2010 Cup of China

• 2008年中国杯
• 2008 Cup of China

• 2011年中国杯
• 2011 Cup of China

• 一年中枯れない河川
• perennial stream

• 営業時間：年中無休
• Open: everyday throughout the year

• 「年中行事障子。」
• The screen of annual observances.'

• 室町幕府の年中行事
• Annual Event of the Muromachi Shogunate:

• 江戸幕府の年中行事
• Annual Event of the Edo Shogunate:

• － 年中慣例の朝儀
• Conventional chogi held annually

• 同年中に薨去した。
• He died in the same year.

• ユダヤ教の年中行事
• Jewish holy days

• 年中行事 （40件）
• Annual events (40 entities)
• Annual observances (40)

• 年中行事 （28件）
• Annual observances (28)

• 年中行事（全30巻）
• Annual events (30 volumes in total)

• 翌年中津藩を辞した。
• The next year, he left the Nakatsu clan.

• そこは一年中暖かい。
• It is warm there all the year round.

• 年中運行には適さない
• unsuitable for all year travel

• 1999年中国へ戻る
• reverted to China in 1999

• 彼は１年中懸命に働く。
• He works hard all the year round.

• ここは、一年中暖かい。
• It's warm here all the year round.

• その店は年中無休です。
• The store is open all the year round.

• キリスト教圏の年中行事
• Christian festivals and holy days

• 彼は年中喫煙をしている。
• He always indulges in smoking.

• こちらは１年中大変寒い。
• It is very cold here all the year round.

• 一年中いつも同じでした。
• It was the same all year round.

• 沖縄は１年中よい気候だ。
• Okinawa has a fine climate all year round.

• 彼らは毎年中国に旅行する
• they travel to China annually

• スカイでは一年中雨が降る
• It rains all year round on Skye

• 2004年中国グランプリ
• 2004 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2006年中国グランプリ
• 2006 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2011年中国グランプリ
• 2011 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2005年中国グランプリ
• 2005 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2008年中国グランプリ
• 2008 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2009年中国グランプリ
• 2009 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2012年中国グランプリ
• 2012 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2007年中国グランプリ
• 2007 Chinese Grand Prix

• 2010年中国グランプリ
• 2010 Chinese Grand Prix

• 1996年中頃病に倒れる。
• He became ill around the middle of 1996.

• しかしながら同年中に辞職。
• However, he resigned from the post within the same year.

• 私は１年中テニスをします。
• I play tennis all the year around.

• 私は去年中学３年生だった。
• I was in the third year of middle school last year.

• ハワイは一年中気候がよい。
• Hawaii enjoys good weather the year round.

• １年中での楽しい時期です。
• It is an exciting time of the year.

• その島は一年中あたたかい。
• The island is warm all the year.

• 2000年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential election, 2000

• 2004年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential election, 2004

• 1996年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential election, 1996

• 1948年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential elections, 1948

• 2008年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential election, 2008

• 2012年中華民国総統選挙
• Republic of China presidential election, 2012

• 2005年中華民国地方選挙
• Republic of China local elections, 2005

• 2009年中華民国地方選挙
• Republic of China local elections, 2009

• ペレニアル(一年中枯れない)
• perennial canal

• 年中行事の儀式の場とされた。
• Many kinds of annual ceremonies took place in the courtyard.

• 去年中耳炎をわずらいました。
• Last year I suffered from an inflammation of my middle ear.

• 私達は去年中学１年生でした。
• We were in the first year of middle school last year.

• 一年中で一番いい季節ですね。
• It's the best season of the year.

• 生姜を好み、1年中食べていた。
• Ginger was one of his favorite foods, and he ate it year-round.

• 天平年中に出家して元開と称す。
• He called himself Genkai after entering the Buddhist priesthood in the Tenpyo era (729-749).

• 文政年中火災に罹り悉く消失す。
• The temple was destroyed by fire in the Bunsei era.

• その門は１年中閉じられている。
• The gate is closed all the year round.

• その木は１年中青々としている。
• The tree is green all the year round.

• 年中無休（10月22日午後閉門）
• Open 365 days a year (except for the afternoon of October 22)

• 年中行事に用いられるもの（2件）
• Items used in relation to annual observances (2).

• 同年中左近衛中将を兼務している。
• In the same year, he additionally assumed Sakonoe no chujo (post of middle captain of the left division of inner palace guards).

• その店は一年中ずっと開いている。
• The store is open all the year round.

• その部族は年中砂漠に住んでいる。
• Those tribes inhabit the desert all year round.

• 慶長年中は虎屋または小幡氏を称す。
• He referred to himself as Toraya or the Obata clan during the Keicho era.

• ハワイでは１年中海水浴が楽しめる。
• In Hawaii, we can enjoy swimming in the ocean all year round.

• その山は一年中雪で覆われています。
• The mountain is covered with snow all the year round.

• その山は一年中雪をいただいている。
• We have snow on the mountain all the year round.

• 1980年中華民国立法委員増額選挙
• Republic of China legislative election, 1980

• 1983年中華民国立法委員増額選挙
• Republic of China legislative election, 1983

• 1989年中華民国立法委員増額選挙
• Republic of China legislative election, 1989

• 1986年中華民国立法委員増額選挙
• Republic of China legislative election, 1986

• 2002年中島健蔵音楽賞特別賞受賞。
• In 2002, he received the Kenzo Nakajima Special Music Award.

• あなたがたは去年中学２年生でしたね。
• You were in the second year of middle school last year, right?

• そして、一年中それを守って見せます。
• and try to keep it all the year.

• 一年中作動するか、または継続するさま
• operating or continuing throughout the year

• 勤行の次第は、平時と年中行事で異なる。
• The procedure of gongyo for regular gongyo and for annual events are different.

• 1948（昭和23）年中座が復興した。
• In 1948 the Naka-za was restored.

• 節分の行事は宮中での年中行事であった。
• Events for the setsubun day used to be the annual functions observed at court.

• これが年中行事と結びついた例といえる。
• And it is an example as that a folk remedy came to be tied up with an annual event.

• 彼らは一年中働かなければならなかった。
• They had to work all year round.

• 私なぞは自分の仕事で年中暇なしですよ。
• Mine occupies me constantly.

• 2006年中華民国地方選挙 (直轄市)
• Republic of China municipal elections, 2006

• 節会や祭祀など年中行事の執行を毎年記す。
• Annual events such as sechi-e (seasonal court banquets) and religious services were recorded for each year.

• 拝観時間：午前9時～午後5時（年中無休）
• Visit hours: 9AM to 5PM (open 7 days a week)

• 寺伝によると和銅年中に、義淵により開基。
• According to the temple legend, this temple was founded by Gien in the Wado era.

• 彼は一年中そこで暮らして仕事をしている。
• He lives and works there all the year round.

• 落ちなければ今年中に運転免許が取れます。
• If I don't fail, I will get my driving license before New Year.

• モン・ブランは１年中雪でおおわれている。
• Mont Blanc is covered with snow all the year round.

• 勤行前に備える事は、年中行事を除きしない。
• Except for annual events, buku is not served before a gongyo begins.

• 年中行事にはそれに相応しい宴会が催された。
• For each annual event, banquets fit for the occasion were held.

• 「七転八倒　四十年中　無他無自　四大本空」
• Continue struggling through my life of 40 years, not finding others or myself, but essentially empty.

• これを纏めた書物が『九条年中行事』である。
• Kujo Nenchu Gyoji' is a document that describes the faction.

• 女王は来年中国を訪問することになっている。
• The Queen is to visit China next year.

• １０時から６時まで年中無休でやっています。
• It's open ten to six daily throughout the year.

• （草と低木について）年中葉をつけているさま
• (of plants and shrubs) bearing foliage throughout the year

• 経済は一年中ジェットコースターに乗っていた
• the economy has been on a roller coaster all year

• 年中行事については、年中行事の各行事を参照。
• Please refer to the article 'Annual events' for shoko in case of annual events.

• 1991年中国81号を食用米として試験栽培。
• In 1991, Chugoku No.81 was grown on a test basis as cooking rice.

• 2005年中町 (黒石市)青森県黒石市商家町
• 2005, Naka-machi (Kuroishi City), Kuroishi City, Aomori Prefecture, merchant town

• 天平宝字年中に近衛兵令外官少尉に任じられる。
• Karitamaro was appointed as Konoehei Ryoge no kan shojo (junior lieutenant of the imperial guard, a post outside the original Ritsuryo code created by Imperial edicts) during the Tenpyo hoji era (757 - 765).

• ここでは一年中スキーを楽しむことができます。
• We can enjoy skiing here all the year round.

• 歌舞伎興行において最も重要な年中行事であった。
• It used to be the most important annual event in kabuki performance.

• 町衆主導で行われてきた祇園祭は翌年中止された。
• The Gion-matsuri Festival, which was led by townspeople, was suspended the next year.

• 無理だと思うわ。年中、仕事で手一杯の人だから。
• I don't think she could spare the time because she is always busy with her work.

• 彼らの庭園は１年中とても美しい花でいっぱいだ。
• Their garden is full of very beautiful flowers all the year round.

• 詳細は、下記（平時の勤行次第・年中行事）を参照。
• For details, please refer to article of 'The procedure of regular gongyo' and each event of 'The annual events' below.

• 虫送り（むしおくり）とは日本の年中行事のひとつ。
• Mushiokuri is an annual Japanese festival.

• その山の頂上はほとんど１年中雪で覆われています。
• The mountain top is covered with snow almost all year.

• 聖母像によっては、ほぼ一年中覆いに包まれていて、
• certain Madonnas remain covered nearly all year round;

• 下巻は年中の仏事（法会）の来歴・作法を月次に解説。
• The third volume describes the history and manners of annual Buddhist services (masses) for each month.

• 宗教的なものが濃い年中行事は日本の文化宗教に記載。
• Annual events having a log of religious significance are listed in the cultural religions in Japan.

• 定席一年中落語が聞ける所、または入り口そのもの事。
• Joseki: A place where rakugo is performed throughout the year, or the entrance to the place.

• 巻末に「年中行事着座 藤原信実筆」と記されている。
• The last page of the book is inscribed with 'Nenchu gyoji chakuza (deputy of the chief retainer of annual events), painted by FUJIWARA no Nobuzane' as the author and title.

• 酉の市で縁起物を買う風習は、関東地方特有の年中行事。
• The tradition of buying lucky charms in Tori no ichi is an annual event unique to the Kanto region.

• アジサイの他にも1年中花が絶えず、紅葉でも知られる。
• In addition to hydrangeas, the temple is also known for its flowers that continue to bloom all year round and its beautiful autumn leaves.

• 年中行事・恒例行事（総本山の行事は大石寺の項目を参照）
• Annual event, customary event (please refer to the chapter of Taiseki-ji Temple for the details of events for Grand Head Temple)

• 同年中に死去したため、下賜されるのを見る事は無かった。
• He passed away in the same year, so did not live to see his master be granted the name.

• 冠婚葬祭などの儀礼や改まった年中行事の場として用いる。
• The room is used to conduct rituals on ceremonial occasions for the coming of age, marriage, funeral and ancestral worship, and annual ceremonies.

• 文永6年（1269年）に権中納言となるが同年中に辞任。
• In 1269, he became a Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state), but resigned within the same year.

• 実は、一年中緑のかしの木をねたましく思っていたのです。
• for in winter they are very envious of the evergreens.

• 年中無休のマキノトーキーはようやく年末年始休暇をとった。
• People of Makino Talkie took New Year holidays at last after working without holidays for long.

• 『建武年中行事』　日本語の表記体系で記された有職故実書。
• Kenmu Nenchu Gyoji: a compendium of professional functions written using the Japanese notation system

• 「一年中のこのお祝い季節に当たりまして、スクルージさん」
• `At this festive season of the year, Mr. Scrooge,'

• 治療しない場合、生命の最初の一年あるいは二年中に死に至る
• if untreated it is lethal within the first year or two of life

• 830～1700（年中無休、但し飲食店等は休業の場合あり）
• 8:30 - 17:00 (open throughout the year; restaurants may be closed on certain days)

• 翌年中納言となるも病のため職を辞し、まもなく病で薨去した。
• In the following year after the Ansei Purge, he became a Chunagon (Middle Counselor) but resigned due to illness, and died in bed shortly thereafter.

• 庶務に通じていた行成は有職故実書『新撰年中行事』を著した。
• While he performed various jobs, he wrote the book of Yusoku-kojitsu (ancient practices and usages) called 'Sinsen Nenchugyoji.'

• あとから聞いたらこの男は年が年中赤シャツを着るんだそうだ。
• I heard afterwards that he wears a red shirt all the year round.

• 701年の大宝律令によって正式な宮中の年中行事に定められた。
• Oharae was designated by the Taiho Code in 701 as a formal annual court event.

• 慶安5年（1652年）には右大臣に任ぜられるも同年中に薨去。
• In 1652, he was appointed to be Udaijin (the minister of the right), but died in the same year.

• 文政4年（1821年）、江戸番町に年中災い続きの家があった。
• In 1821, there was a home in Bancho, Edo where misfortune continued.

• 現在は、全国の神社における年中行事にてその流儀を披露している。
• Nowadays, the Ogasawara-ryu is demonstrated at annual events in shrines and temples all over Japan.

• 宴席を主たる目的とする年中行事という観点では、花見と相通ずる。
• It has the common feature with hanami in that the both events are an annual event whose main purpose is to hold a banquet.

• 日本より暑い時期が長い台湾やフィリピンでは、年中食べられている。
• Shaved ice is eaten in Taiwan and the Philippines, where the hot season is longer than in Japan, and often throughout the year.

• 天保年中に日照りがつづいたとき、農民たちが物外に雨乞いを頼んだ。
• During the Tenpo era, dry weather lasted, so farmers asked Motsugai to pray for rain.

• 文化 (元号)11年（1814年）に右大臣になるも同年中に辞す。
• Although he became Udaijin in 1814, he resigned the post during the year.

• 延享2年（1745年）には左大臣となったが同年中に辞職している。
• He became Udaijin in 1745; Nevertheless, he resigned the position within the same year.

• さらに右近衛大将・右馬寮御監ともなったが、同年中に任職を辞した。
• Furthermore, he became Udaisho (major captain of the right division of inner palace guards) and Umaryo gogen (inspector of the right division of the Bureau of Horses), but resigned from these posts within the same year.

• また、後白河天皇の命により『年中行事絵巻』を描いたとされている。
• It is said that he also painted 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' (Picture Scrolls of Annual Functions) ordered by Emperor Goshirakawa.

• 燗は季節の温度と密接に関わるため、別火のような年中行事をも生んだ。
• As kan has a close relation with a seasonal temperature, it gave birth to regular annual events such as bekka (using separate fire for cooking).

• 『年中行事秘抄』には、大友皇子が「皇太子となり帝位に即く」とある。
• 'Nenju Gyoji Hisho' says that Prince Otomo 'became the crown prince and was enthroned.'

• 1637年中国福州黄檗山萬福寺の隠元隆きに師事して菩薩戒を受戒した。
• In 1637, he studied under Ingen Ryuki (Yinyuan Longqi) in Manpuku-ji Temple on Mt. Obaku in Fuzhou, China, and received Bosatsu-kai (Bodhisattva Precepts).

• 亥の子（いのこ）は、旧暦10月（亥の月）の亥の日に行われる年中行事。
• Inoko (the Young Boar Festival) is an annual event held on the day of boar in October (month of boar) in old calendar.

• 江戸幕府の年中行事として、亥の子を祝する行事（玄猪の祝い）があった。
• As an annual event, the Edo Shogunate held Gencho-no-iwai (a celebration of wild boars) in honor of little wild boars..

• (2)年中行事、祭礼、法会等の中で行われる行事で芸能の基盤を示すもの
• (2) An annual event or event held in a festival, a memorial service, etc. that shows the foundation of performing arts.

• （祖父・一条摂政謙徳公藤原伊尹の猶子となるも、祖父は同年中に薨去。）
• (He became the Yushi (adopted child) of his grandfather FUJIWARA no Koretada, who had the title of Ichijo Sessho regent and Kentokuko, but his grandfather passed away within the same year.)

• また、年中行事歌合、新玉津島社歌合などの歌合にたびたび参加している。
• Also, he often participated in uta-awase (waka poetry competition) such as Nenchu-gyoji Uta-awase and Shintamatsushimasha Uta-awase.

• 浄土真宗の僧侶･門徒にとっては、年中行事の中でも最も重要な法要である。
• Hoon-ko is the most important service in the annual events to the priests and believers of Jodo Shinshu.

• 七五三（しちごさん）とは、7歳、5歳、3歳の子供の成長を祝う年中行事。
• Shichi-go-san is an annual event praying for the growth of children of three, five, and seven years of age.

• 雛祭り（ひなまつり）は女性の子供のすこやかな成長を祈る節句の年中行事。
• Hina-matsuri is an annual event of the seasonal festival to pray for the healthy growth of girls.

• 当時の年中行事を記した日記的な記述が多くみられる点も特徴のひとつである。
• Another one of the characteristics is that there are many descriptions, in the manner of a diary which recorded the annual events at that time.

• 『西宮記』　当時の儀式・年中行事の式次第・内容を詳細に記した有職故実書。
• 'Saikyuki,' a well used book which detailed the subject matter and points of ceremonies and annual functions.

• 同年12月に嶋原の年中行事で12年間途絶えていた『餅つき』を再興させた。
• In December of the same year, she resuscitated an annual festival 'Mochitsuki' (rice cake making festival) in Shimabara, after a 12-year absence.

• ラスベガスは１年中温暖なため、どの季節でもゴルフ旅行には最適の場所です。
• Las Vegas has warm temperatures all year round making it a prime destination for golf in any season.

• 仏教が庶民の間に浸透した室町時代以後に年中行事として定着したといわれている。
• Okuribi is said to have established itself as an annual event after the Muromachi Period when Buddhism became widespread among the common people.

• 三島のサイノカミ（2008年3月13日　大沼郡三島町　三島町年中行事保存会）
• Mishima's Sainokami Festival (March 13, 2008; Mishima-machi, Onuma-gun; Mishima-machi Nenchugyoji Hozonkai [Mishima Town Annual Events Preservation Association])

• 室町幕府の年中行事として、旧暦10月・上亥日に亥子祝い・玄猪餅進上があった。
• The Muromachi Shogunate celebrated its annual event of Inoko-iwai or Gencho-shinjo (a celebration of little wild boars by presenting Gencho mochi) on the first day of boar in October under old calendar.

• 幼名は長福丸、元服に伴い頼将、元和 (日本)年中に頼信さらに頼宣と改名する。
• His childhood name was Chofuku-maru, but with his coming-of-age ceremony he changed his name to Yorimasa; and later to Yorinobu (頼信) and then Yorinobu (頼宣) between 1615 and 1624.

• この年中川は、「従四位」に叙せられるとともに、「勲四等旭日小綬章」を受けた。
• This year, he was granted the rank 'Jushii' (Junior Fourth Rank) and also received 'the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette.'

• 応永年中千里の城に三足の化生出、神主倉持太夫於神前鳴弦執行、化生退散すと云。
• In the Oei era, a specter with three legs appeared in Seri-jo Castle; a Shinto priest Kuramochi dayu played a string in front of the god, thereby clearing out the specter.

• 水馬（すいば）は、ウマに乗って水を渡る、江戸時代、江戸幕府の年中行事のひとつ。
• Suiba was an annual event in the Edo period held by Edo bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in which people rode horses across water.

• 1870年（明治3年）、鉄道敷設のための測量が開始され、同年中には着工された。
• Surveying for the railway construction started in 1870, and the construction work started within the same year.

• 天平12年（740年）、奈良麻呂は従五位下に任じられ、同年中に従五位上に昇進。
• In 740, Naramaro was assigned to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) in the same year.

• 2008年中に南北自由通路を南または南西に八条通を跨ぐ形で延伸する計画がある。
• It is scheduled to extend the existing Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro to south or southwest over Hachijo-dori Street within 2008.

• 四季の風物や動植物、衣食住などの生活、年中行事などが季節ごとにまとめられている。
• Seasonal scenery and customs, animals and plants, daily life such as housing, food, and clothing, and annual events are written season by season.

• 自衛隊は市内の年中行事の開催の協力、災害時の救助などにおいての役割は重要である。
• The Japanese Self-Defense Forces play an important role in holding annual events in the city as well as conducting rescues during disasters.

• マーティン自身は長年中国に留まっていたため、漢語の読み書きにも不自由はなかった。
• As Martin had lived in China for many years, he had no difficulty in reading and writing Chinese language.

• 文久2年（1862年）に藩校致道館の設立と同時に助教となり、同年中に教授に昇進。
• He became an assistant professor at a domain school, Chido-kan (Confucian school) as soon as it was established in 1862, and then was promoted to a professor during the year.

• 武家では菖蒲と「尚武」と結びつけて男児の立身出世・武運長久を祈る年中行事となった。
• By bringing 菖蒲 (pronounced 'shobu') (iris) and '尚武' (pronounced 'shobu') (martial spirit) together, it became the annual event in which to pray for a male child's success and longer fortune of war among samurai families.

• 御招霊（おしょうれい、おしょうらい）は、日本の盂蘭盆（うらぼん）の年中行事の一つ。
• Oshorei (written as 御招霊; also pronounced as oshorai) is one of the annual events for the Japanese Urabon festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day, held around the 15th of July or August, depending on local customs).

• 従って、あくまでも『年中行事歌合』は主要な参考文献の1つであったと考えられている。
• In view of the above, it is considered that 'Nenjugyoji Utaawase' was one of principal reference materials of 'Kuji Kongen.'

• 大根焚き（だいこだき）とは、京都市で12月に行なわれる歳時記、年中行事のことである。
• Daiko-daki is an annual event held in December in Kyoto.

• 節句（せっく）は、伝統的な年中行事を行う季節の節目となる日で日本の文化・風習のこと。
• 'Sekku' (in Chinese characters, written as '節句') means seasonal turning point when a traditional annual event is held, peculiar to Japanese culture and customs.

• 任命の儀式は、年中恒例の行事で通常、春と秋の年二回行われ、春の除目、秋の除目という。
• The ceremony for appointing was an annual event that was usually performed in the spring and the autumn, which were called haru no jimoku and aki no jimoku.

• こうした一連の年中行事を主体とした朝廷の政務及び関連儀式そのものを「公事」と称した。
• The government affairs and the related rituals based on such sequence of annual events in the Imperial Court were called kuji.

• 関西歌舞伎の聖地である道頓堀に歌舞伎役者の幟が立ちならび、大阪の夏の年中行事となった。
• In Dotonbori, a sacred place for Kansai Kabuki, banners of kabuki actors lined the street and the performance became a regular annual event for the summer in Osaka.

• 追儺とはもとは中国の行事であり、この行事が日本に輸入され、ついに宮廷の年中行事となった。
• Tsuina used to be an event in China, the concept of the event was imported to Japan, and the event finally became an annual event in the Imperial Court.

• 十日夜（とおかんや、とおかや）とは、10月10日 (旧暦)の夜に行われる年中行事である。
• Tokan-ya (also read as Tokaya) is an annual festive event held on the night of October 10 (old lunar calendar).

• 戦場、祭礼行事、朝廷での故実・年中行事などに於いて弓術流派はそれぞれに活躍、発展していく。
• In the battlefields, festival events and Kojitsu (ancient practices of customs) or annual events at the Imperial Court, each school of Kyujutsu had flourished and developed.

• 踏歌節会（とうかのせちえ/たふかのせちゑ）は、宮中で、天皇が踏歌を見物する正月の年中行事。
• Toka no sechie was an event where the emperor watched toka (stamping songs) in the Imperial Court every January (by the lunar calendar).

• これらの国では日本とは異なり、改暦以前からある祝祭日や年中行事は旧暦で祝うのが普通である。
• In these countries, unlike in Japan, the traditional festivals and annual events are usually celebrated according to the old calendars.

• 近年中大兄皇子と蘇我入鹿の関係が比較的良好であり、基本政策も似ていることが指摘されている。
• It has recently been indicated that Naka no Oe no Oji (Naka no Oe no Miko) and Sogano Iruka had a relatively good relationship and similar basic policies.

• 文筆にすぐれ、宸記・宸翰・御詠草ともに多数存するほか、『禁中年中の事』という著作を残した。
• She was a talented writer and left many books like the Shinki, Shinkan, and Goeiso as well as 'The Kinchu Nenju no Koto' (Things not allowed inside the Imperial Palace throughout the year).

• 歳時記(さいじき)とは、国や地方または各種団体の年中行事の事柄や自然の風物等をまとめた書物。
• Saijiki are books on the matters related with annual events by the national and local, or various organizations, and scenery and customs.

• 山領というのは延暦寺の事で、比叡山焼き討ち後、1571年中に築城が開始されたと思われている。
• The estate means the estate of Enryaku-ji Temple, and it is estimated that the construction of Sakamoto-jo Castle was stared in 1571 after the fire attack against Mt. Hiei.

• 27年中編「息子の青春」を監督し、28年木下が脚本を手がけた「まごころ」で正式に監督に昇進。
• In 1952, he directed a short film 'Musuko no seishun' (My Son's Youth), and he was officially promoted to a director with 'Magokoro' (Sincerity), the script of which Kinoshita wrote, in 1953.

• 同寺の年中行事である「お水取り」は、十一面観音に罪障の懺悔をする行事（十一面悔過法要）である。
• Omizutori,' an annual event of that temple, is the event for the confession of sins to Juichimen Kannon (Juichimen Keka Hoyo).

• 『群書類従』公事部には「年中行事障子文」がおさめられ、また、『禁秘抄』には、下記のようにある。
• The part of official events in 'Gunsho ruiju' (Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA) contains 'text on the screen of the annual observances' and 'Kinpisho' (a book written by Emperor Juntoku, which records the history and origin of imperial court ceremonies and sets forth the rules and etiquette for carrying out such ceremonies) says as follows:

• これは一般にも好評で広く定着しており、冬のみならず、一年中おでんを用意しているコンビニが多い。
• With its popularity, this Oden has taken root in wide areas, with many convenience stores selling Oden all year long, not just during winter.

• 江戸時代中期には生産力の向上から都市部では学問や遊芸、祭礼・年中行事など町人文化が活性化した。
• In the middle of the Edo period, improved productivity in cities revitalized townsmen culture such as learning, arts for amusement, rites, festivals and seasonal events.

• さらに、春夏秋冬の儀式を描き上げた年中行事障子（衝立障子）が、殿上の間の戸口の前に置かれていた。
• In addition, the Nenjugyoji no shoji (Tsuitate shoji) drawn the regular annual ceremonies of four seasons was placed at the entrance of Tenjo no ma (anteroom for nobles).

• 新年会（しんねんかい）は一年の最初（正月）などに行われる、学校や職場などで行われる団体年中行事。
• Shinnenkai is an annual event of an organization or a group held at the beginning of the new year.

• 1343年中国の元 (王朝)に渡ることを志し、博多聖福寺の無隠元晦（むいんげんかい）に参禅した。
• In 1343 he decided to go to Yuan (dynasty) in China, and he practiced Zen with Muingenkai at Hakata Shofuku-ji Temple.

• 講書始（こうしょはじめ）とは毎年1月に天皇の学問始の一環として学者による進講を行う皇室年中行事。
• Koshohajime (New Year lecture in the court) is an annual event of the Imperial court in which Shinko (Scholars give a lecture or explain achievements to the Emperor, the Empress, and the nobility) is given by scholars as a part of the Emperor's start of learning in January every year.

• また、人物の容姿描写、年中行事、儀式、服飾、物忌に関する記述などはすぐれた歴史資料となっている。
• Depiction of people's image, and statements on annual events, rituals, clothes, and monoimi (confinement to one's house on unlucky days) were used as a great references to know history.

• 残念ながら完本は伝わておらず、逸文が『本朝月令』、『政事要略』、『年中行事秘抄』その他に見える。
• Unfortunately, the complete book was not preserved, but copies of original sentences can be found in 'Honcho Gatsuryo' (Records of annual events and their origins), 'Seiji Yoryaku' (Brief Outline of Government), 'Nenju Gyoji Hisho' (Secret records of annual events) and so on.

• 常楽会（じょうらくえ）とも称されており、『三宝絵』の中でも「年中主要法会」の一として記されている。
• It was also called Joraku-e, and is depicted in 'Sanpo-e' (a Japanese literary collection of Buddhist narratives) as the first of 'Nenchu Shuyo Hoe' (The main Buddhist services in whole year).

• 男の子は5歳、女の子は3歳と7歳の年の11月15日に、成長を祝って神社・寺院などに詣でる年中行事。
• It is an annual event to visit shrines and temples on November 15 to celebrate the growth of boys of five, and girls of three and seven years old.

• 後光明天皇治世の承応3年（1654年）8月18日に准后に叙せられたが、同年中に天皇が崩御している。
• She was conferred the title of Jugo (an honarary rank next to the empresses) on September 28, 1654 during the reign of the Emperor Gokomyo, but the emperor passed away within the same year.

• 応天門の変のおよそ300年後、後白河天皇が『年中行事絵巻』とともに常磐光長に描かせたと推定される。
• Emperor Goshirakawa is thought to have commissioned this scroll and the 'Nenchugyoji Emaki' (picture scroll dipicting annual events and celebrations) to Mitsunaga TOKIWA 300 years after the Otenmon Incident.

• 明治14年（1881年）に上京して中村敬宇の同人社を経て福沢諭吉の慶應義塾に入学して翌年中退する。
• In 1881 he went up to Tokyo and after working at Dojinsha school founded by Keiu NAKAMURA, he entered Keio University founded by Yukichi FUKUZAWA then dropped out the following year.

• 近衛府・近衛府を経て、明暦元年（1655年）従三位参議となり、公卿に列するも同年中に辞職している。
• After he served as a government official at Konoefu, he became Jusanmi Sangi in 1655 and joined Kugyo, but he resigned in the same year.

• 有職故実にも深く通じており、1366年に年中行事歌合を主催して、朝廷儀礼や王朝古典の研究を進めた。
• He knew Yusoku-kojitsu (ancient practices and usages) well and promoted studies about Imperial rituals and court classics by holding an annual event of Uta awase (waka poetry meeting) in 1366.

• 吉川氏には経基自筆の『古今和歌集』『年中日発句』『拾遺和歌集』などの諸書が現在まで伝えられている。
• In the Kikkawa clan, books such as 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), 'Nenju Hihokku' and 'Shui Wakashu' (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) written in Tsunemoto's own hand have been passed down.

• ハレ（晴れ）は儀礼や祭、年中行事などの「非日常」、ケ（褻）はふだんの生活である「日常」を表している。
• Hare (noticeably cheerful and formal situations or such places) represents rituals, festivals and annual events that are 'non-ordinary,' while ke represents 'ordinary,' that is everyday life.

• ただし、年中行事などは信徒であるなしに関わらず一般的に認知されており、キリスト教に対する理解は深い。
• However, annual events are acknowledged by the general public, regardless of whether they are Christians, so Christianity is deeply accepted.

• まれに校書殿東庇にある「右近衛の陣」でも行われ、『年中行事絵巻』に「右近衛陣座」として描かれている。
• The Court Council was also held at the 'Ukone no jin' under Higashi-bisashi (Eastern eaves) of kyoshoden (a building in the Imperial Palace precincts) infrequently, and was drawn in the 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' (Picture Scrolls of Annual Functions) under the title of 'Ukone Jinza' (Court Council held at Ukone no jin).

• またその儀式自体である宮中の年中行事を指し、任官した者を列記した帳簿そのものを指す（除書ともいう）。
• It also refers to an annual event in the Imperial Court, a ceremony for appointing officials itself, as well as a book listing the names of appointed officials (also referred as Josho).

• 嘉保年中（1094年 - 1095年）頃には、磐井郡平泉に居を移し、政治文化の中心都市の建設に着手。
• Around Kaho era (1094 - 1095), he moved to Hiraizumi in Iwai County and started to construct the city, which was to be the center of politics and culture.

• 永延2年（988年）正月9日昇殿、同年中に蔵人に補され、正暦元年（990年）8月30日右中弁に任ず。
• He was admitted to the court on February 4, 988, was assigned to be Kurodo (the palace officer) within the same year, and became the Uchuben (Middle Controller of the right) on September 26, 990.

• 『丹波国風土記』には、「元明天皇和銅年中、大国主命御一柱のみを島根の杵築の地に遷す」との記述がある。
• 'Tanba no Kuni Fudoki' (A Topography of Tanba Province) records that 'Emperor Genmei transferred Okuninushi no mikoto alone to the land of Kizuki in Shimane during the Wado era (708-715).'

• というのも、オリーブは一年中緑の葉をつけているのに、イチジクの木は季節によって葉を落とすからだった。
• because, while she was green all the year round, the Fig-Tree changed its leaves with the seasons.

• 1991（平成3）年中村扇雀が三代目中村鴈治郎を襲名するころになると大阪でも若い歌舞伎ファンが増えた。
• In Osaka the number of young fans of Kabuki also increased when Senjaku NAKAMURA succeeded Ganjiro NAKAMURA as sandaime (III) in 1991.

• また、天文学的な冬至とは別に、慣習的に「一年中で一番昼が短く夜が長い日」のことを冬至と呼ぶことがある。
• Apart from the astronomical Toji, however, 'the day with the shortest daytime and longest nighttime' is also called Toji sometimes by tradition.

• 永久5年（1117年）白河法皇の養女である藤原璋子（待賢門院）が入内、翌年中宮とし五男二女をもうける。
• In 1117, the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's adopted daughter, FUJIWARA no Shoshi (Taiken mon in), made her bridal entry as an Imperial Consort into the court, whereupon she became the second consort of the Emperor, and had five boys and two girls.

• 惣村の結合は、村の神社での各種行事（年中行事や無尽講・頼母子講など）を取り仕切る宮座を中核としていた。
• The soson was unified around the miyaza, which held various events (annual events, Mujin-ko (beneficial association), Tanomoshi-ko (beneficial association), etc.) at a shrine in the village.

• これらの年中行事においては呪術的な要素はあまり見られず、自身の家族における家内安全の祈願が中心となる。
• In these annual events, any magical element is rarely seen, and prayer for family's safety remains at the core.

• その一方で、自己の年中行事や法会など臨時の行事の際に恒例の年貢とともに「公事」を徴収するようになった。
• At the same time, they began to impose 'kuji' in addition to usual nengu at the time of annual event or any extra event such as Buddhist mass.

• 長元8年（1035年）に通基と改名し、長暦3年（1039年）には従三位、同年中に正三位には叙せられた。
• He changed his name to Michimoto in 1035 and was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1039 and within the same year to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).

• 東宮大進時代には朝廷の儀礼や典礼関係の年中行事に記録が見られ、藤原道長の主催した競馬などに参加している。
• Records of the yearly events associated with the rituals and ceremonies of the Imperial Court show that, while serving as the Crown Prince's adviser, he participated in horse races hosted by FUJIWARA no Michinaga.

• だが、有力政治家の一人として子孫のために『九条年中行事』という朝廷内の礼儀やしきたりを纏めた書物を残した。
• However, he wrote books called 'Kujo nenchugyoji' (Kujo annual events) which explained necessities in the Imperial Court, as one of the powerful politicians for the sake of descendants.

• 16日から井上と宮城が諸大名の留守居を呼び出して来年中の提出を命じ、また幕府の代官にも同様の指示を発した。
• On January 13, 1645, Inoue and Miyagi started to summon rusui (caretaker or keeper [official post in the Edo era]) of daimyo and order them to submit gocho within that year and gave the same instructions to daikan (local governor) of the bakufu.

• その後左兵衛督・左衛門督を歴任して貞観 (日本)8年（866年）従三位となり、貞観12年中納言に昇進した。
• He then served as Sahyoe no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards), Saemon no kami (captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), was granted Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 866, and promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) in 870.

• 「だから一年中ここに住もうぜ」 雪は大きな白い外套で草を覆い、霜は木々をすっかり銀色に塗りつぶしました。
• 'so we will live here all the year round.' The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver.

• 節分の日は暦の上で春を迎える立春の前日にあたるので、一年の災いを払うための厄落とし、年中行事として行われた。
• Since the day of Setsubun falls under the day before risshun (the first day of spring) of entering spring according to the calendar, the custom was done as an annual event of yakuotoshi (ceremony to drive away evil spirits) for driving away bad luck for the year.

• 巻六から巻八までは、「元正受朝賀儀」「正月七日儀」「五月五日節儀」などの毎年の年中行事について記されている。
• Annual events like 'rite of receiving the New Year's Felicitations to the emperor,' 'rite of the seventh Day of New Year' and 'rite of the Tango-no setsu on the fifth day of the fifth month' are stipulated in volumes six to volume eight.

• 織田勢と高野勢は紀ノ川を挟んで対峙する形になったが、なお交渉は継続しており、同年中は目立った戦いはなかった。
• The Oda army and the Koyasan army faced each other across the Kino-kawa River, but they continued to negotiate and did not fight so much in that year.

• 二代目の清基は承元年中に保司職を継承したが、後に、承久の乱に後鳥羽上皇方に加わったとして保司職を解任された。
• Kiyomoto, the second head of the house, inherited the post of hoji during 1207 and 1210, but he was later dismissed on suspicion of siding with the Retired Emperor Gotoba in the Jokyu War.

• 社殿の西に年中湧水している「元糺の池」（もとただすのいけ）という池がありその中に三柱鳥居（三ッ鳥居）がある。
• To the west of these buildings is the 'Mototadasuno-ike Pond' that is fed by a spring and in which stands a mihashira torii (mitsutorii).

• 1つの番組に対して自治会所機能を併せ持つ小学校が1つ作られることになり、同年中に64校の小学校が開校された。
• Each bangumi was provided with an administrative building and an elementary school, and sixty-four elementary schools were opened that same year.

• 第一項に規定する租税及び関税の免除は、二千六年中にイーター機構により輸入または輸出された物品にも適用される。
• The exemption of taxes and duties provided for under paragraph 1 shall also apply to goods that have been imported or exported by the ITER Organization in the course of 2006.

• 通帳を調べると、残高が少ないのは、昨年中、ミスター・コーネリアスに多額の小切手を切っているのが主な原因らしい。
• On looking over the bank-book I found that the low state of the balance was principally due to large checks which have been made out during the last year to Mr. Cornelius.

• 年中行事絵巻や「源氏物語絵巻」などに描かれるものが典型的な形で、貴族の優美な生活にふさわしいものとなっていった。
• Shinden-zukuri were typically depicted in picture scrolls of annual events and 'the Picture Scroll of the Tale of Genji,' and they characterized the graceful lives of aristocrats.

• 財団法人日本城郭協会が、昭和49年度（1974年度）の事業として4月6日を「4月6日記念日・年中行事」と定めた。
• On April 6 The Japan Castle Foundation established the 'Day of the castle' project in the fiscal year 1974.

• 新年を祝う言葉を以ってあいさつし、旧年中の厚誼の感謝と新しい年に変わらぬ厚情を依願する気持ちを添えることが多い。
• A word of celebration for the new year is written as a greeting, often followed by an appreciation for cordial friendship in the past year and a request for continued kindness in the new year.

• 1578年中に亀岡盆地の豪族の平定がなったようで11月には多紀郡の入り口を固める「青鬼」籾井越中守教業を滅ぼす。
• Since the suppression of the Gozoku in the Kameoka basin appears to have concluded in 1578, in November Mitsuhide overthrew the 'Blue ogre' Ecchu no kami (Governor of Ecchu Province) Norinari MOMI, who defended the entrance to Taki-gun.

• 貞享4年（1687年）には皇太子朝仁親王の春宮大夫に任じられるも同年中に皇太子が東山天皇として即位したので辞す。
• In 1687, he was appointed to be Togudaifu (the Imperial Household Agency staff) of the Crown Prince Asahitro, but during that year, he resigned because the Crown Prince ascended to the throne as the Emperor Higashiyama.

• 一般には、暮れに世話になった人に対し感謝するなどの歳暮周り（せいぼまわり）と呼ばれる年中行事が行われることが多い。
• Generally, as an annual event, people make the rounds to offer thanks to someone at the end of the year for caring about them.

• よって、『政事要略』の年中行事篇に引用される国史は、六国史からの引用と、『類聚国史』からの引用が見られるのである。
• Therefore, in the annual event part of 'Seiji Yoryaku,' citations concerning national history were made from Rikkokushi (six official national histories) and from 'Ruiju Kokushi.'

• 彼は年中様々な人を訪れて自身が未来の総理大臣になることを誓い、人々に本名ではなく「大臣」と呼ばれ笑って迎えられた。
• He visited many people and swore them that he would be a prime minister in the future, and people laughed and welcomed him by calling him 'a minister' instead of his real name.

• 平安時代初期の承和 (日本)年中（834年 - 847年）、嵯峨天皇の勅により円仁（慈覚大師）が建立したと伝える。
• Nison-in Temple is said to have been constructed in the early Heian period between 834 and 847 by Ennin (Jikaku Daishi) under the order of Emperor Saga.

• 近年は保存技術の向上と共にビニールハウスや温室で栽培されたハウスみかんも多く流通し、ほぼ一年中目にすることが出来る。
• Recently, mikan is available all through the year with the development of preservation technologies as well as the prevalence of the 'house mikan,' cultivated in plastic greenhouses or hothouses.

• 2006年現在、広島市だけで800軒以上（1992年中国新聞調べからの推定）、広島県内には2000軒あるといわれる。
• At present (2006), it is said that there are more than 800 shops just in Hiroshima City alone (estimated from a survey by Chugoku Shinbun newspaper in 1992) and 2000 shops in Hiroshima Prefecture.

• 貧鉱ながらも鉱量は無尽蔵であり、同年中に子会社として大江山ニッケル工業（株）を設立し、鉱業権を取得、調査を継続した。
• Although its ore is poor, ore reserves are inexhaustible and in the same year, Nihon Kako established Oeyama Nickel Kogyo Co., Ltd., obtained a mining concession and continued the survey.

• 『中外抄』以外の著作としては、日記『大外記中原師元記』、年中行事解説書『師元年中行事』、『雑外抄』などを残している。
• The written works that he left are 'Daigeki NAKAHARA no Morimoto ki,' 'Annual Functions of Moromoto' which described annual events and ceremonies, and 'Zogesho,' as well as 'Chugaisho.'

• なお、旧暦の場合、閏月の関係で閏7月になることもあるが、閏月に年中行事は行わないため、閏7月7日は旧七夕とはならない。
• Although there exists a leap July according to the leap month under the old calendar, July 7 of the leap month is not the day of tanabata because no annual events are traditionally held in a leap month.

• しかし、広い意味での宗教的な感覚は、冠婚葬祭や年中行事などの場面で、他宗教とは異質な独自の信念が意識されることがある。
• However, original beliefs which differ from those of other religions are seen in a broader sense in ceremonial occasions and annual events.

• また引退後著したと見られる有職故実書『北山抄』は摂関政治期における朝廷の儀式・年中行事の詳細が分かる貴重な史料である。
• Moreover, his 'Hokusansho' on court ceremonials, which seems to have been written after he retired, is a valuable historical source that shows the details of ceremonies and regular annual events at court during the Regency period.

• 海岸から幾浬か離れて、一年中荒れ通しに波に衝かれ揉まれている物凄い暗礁の上に、ぽっつりと寂しげな灯台が建てられていた。
• Built upon a dismal reef of sunken rocks, some league or so from shore, on which the waters chafed and dashed, the wild year through, there stood a solitary lighthouse.

• 『先代旧事本紀』『本朝月令』『政事要略』『長寛勘文』『年中行事秘抄』『釈日本紀』や伊勢神道の文献などに利用・引用された。
• This book was cited and used in literature including the Sendai Kuji Hongi, Honcho Gatsuryo, Seiji yoryaku, Chokan-kanmon, Nenju Gyoji Hisho, Syakunihongi, and the books of Ise Shinto.

• 追儺（ついな）とは、大晦日(12月30日 (旧暦)）の宮中の年中行事であり、平安時代の初期頃から行われている鬼払いの儀式。
• Tsuina is an annual event held on New Year's Eve (December 30 according to the old calendar) in the Imperial Court, and this ceremony of onibarai (to expel ogres) has been held since the early Heian period.

• また、良基の孫にあたる一条兼良の『公事根源』を年中行事歌合の解説書であるという説も安藤為章や斎藤万古刀によって唱えられた。
• In the meantime, Tameaki ANDO and Makoto SAITO asserted that 'Kuji kongen' written by Yoshimoto's grandson Kaneyoshi ICHIJO was the commentary of Nenjugyoji Utaawase.

• 外記政も一種の形式的な宮中行事と化して更に後花園天皇が直筆で書写した『建武年中行事』には「中絶」という注記が記されている。
• Gekisei was also changed into a formal court function and moreover, in 'Kemmu Nenchu Ghoji' (books about annual events of the Imperial court) that Emperor Gohanazono wrote by his own handwriting, a note of 'Interrupted' is written.

• つついたり子供の面倒をみさせたり、なにか退屈なもの、一年中緑のかしの木なんかにかえてしまうかもしれないよ」と注意しました。
• stab you to death or compel you to nurse their children or turn you into something tedious, like an evergreen oak.'

• 羊祐以下倪寛までの8人は『年中行事』の図にもとづき、蘧伯玉、虞世南の2人は孔門弟子の図と十八学士のなかから選考し復古させた。
• Similarly, 8 sages from Yoyu through Geikan had been revived based on the 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' (Picture Scrolls of Annual Functions), and Boyu QU and Shinan YU as well based on the paintings of Confucian student and the 18 graduates of literature museum, Bungakukan.

• 例えば、『政事要略』の年中行事篇は、本書をそのまま導入し、新たに増補した部分の国史の引用については『類聚国史』を用いている。
• For example, this document was used, as it was, in the annual event part of 'Seiji Yoryaku' and citations about national history in the augmented portion was made from 'Ruiju Kokushi' (a national history compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane).

• 天の川は一年中見ることができるが、天の川銀河の中心方向が夏の星座であるいて座にあるため、夏の天の川は比較的光が強く確認し易い。
• You can see the Milky Way throughout the year, and the light of the Milky Way in summer is relatively strong and easy for you to find out, since the center of the Milky Way is situated in the direction of the Archer, a summer constellation.

• 他には盂蘭盆の年中行事とは別に、先祖や水子の御霊（みたま）を招き供養することなども御招霊（ごしょうれい）と呼ばれることもある。
• Aside from this annual event for the Urabon festival, some other events such as memorial services for the goryo (or mitama: spirit of a deceased person) of ancestors or mizuko (aborted, stillborn or miscarried fetus; newborn baby) are also called Goshorei.

• 東西約1.2km、南北約1.4kmの、行政施設・国家儀式や年中行事を行う殿舎、天皇の居住する内裏が設置されている区域であった。
• This was an area about 1.2 kilometers long running east to west, and 1.4 kilometer long in North to South, and it was provided with an administration institute and a national ceremony, facilitated yearly events, and it also had a Palace where the emperor lived.

• 明和5年（1768年）には正二位権大納言（兼大宰権帥）に昇ったが権大納言は同年中、兼務の権帥も安永5年（1776年）に退いた。
• In 1768, he was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) as well as Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), but he resigned from Gon Dainagon that same year and from Dazai gon no sochi in 1776.

• 現存のものは江戸時代初期の写本であり、原本は仁和年中（885-89年）に編纂された『丹波国造海部直等氏之本記』であると伝える。
• The extant Kanchu-keizu is a manuscript created in the early Edo period, and the manuscript says that the original is 'Tanba Kuninomiyatsuko Amabe Jikito-uji no Hongi' (Records of the Amabe family, an ancient local ruling family in Tanba Province), which was compiled in the Ninna era (885 to 889).

• 『源氏物語』『年中行事絵巻』などには、黒漆塗りの格子戸を引き違いに使ったり、嵌め込み式に建て込んだ間仕切りの様子が描かれている。
• In 'Genji monogatari emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji), and 'Nenchu-gyoji Emaki' (illustrated handscroll of annual events), depicted black lacquered koshido, being used as sliding doors or built-in dividers.

• この城の文献上初見は『東院年中行事』の文明 (日本)10年（1478年）8月1日で、以下のように山城国の守護所として記されている。
• This castle was first mentioned in a historical document on August 1, 1478 in the 'Annual events of Higashi no in,' in which the following comment concerning the Shugosho (provincial administration) of the Province of Yamashiro was made:

• 『源氏物語絵巻』『年中行事絵巻』などには、黒漆塗の格子戸を引き違いに使ったり、嵌め込み式に建て込んだ間仕切りの様子が描かれている。
• The Picture Scroll of 'the Tale of Genji' and 'the Picture Scroll of Annual Events' refer to the use of a black lacquered double sliding lattice door and a partition built into a wall.

• 一方で、伝統的な形式を踏まえた茶道具の制作や三千家の年中行事、年忌などでの役割を果たすため、徐々に出入りの職方は固定されていった。
• On the other hand, since senke jissoku played certain roles in annual events of san senke and Buddhist anniversary services, in addition to the production of tea utensils which incorporated traditional forms, the shokukata who paid visits gradually came to be fixed.

• 『源氏物語絵巻』『年中行事絵巻』などには、黒漆塗りの格子戸を引き違いに使ったり、嵌め込み式に建て込んだ間仕切りの様子が描かれている。
• In the picture rolls such as 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' and 'Nenchu-gyoji Emaki' (picture roll of annual events), there are pictures of black lacquered lattice doors used as sliding doors or set-in partitions.

• 平安時代の日本の衣服については、『源氏物語絵巻』、『年中行事絵巻』、『伴大納言絵詞』などの絵巻物に描かれた人物像が重要な資料である。
• The figures in the emakimono (picture scroll) such as 'Genji monogatari emaki' (The Tale of Genji Picture Scrolls), 'Nenju gyoji emaki' (Picture Scroll of the Annual Rites and Ceremonies), and 'Ban dainagon emaki' (Ban Major Counselor Picture Scrolls) are important materials to learn about the Japanese costume during the Heian period.

• 名のり・注連縄切り・火祭り（なのり・しめなわきり・ひまつり）は、三重県志摩市大王町で大晦日から元日にかけて行なわれる一連の年中行事。
• 'Nanori, Shimenawa-kiri, Himatsuri' is a series of annual events held from New Year's Eve through New Year's Day in Daio-cho, Shima City, Mie Prefecture.

• 「古今要覧稿」（明治38年～40年刊行）に亥の子餅の項目があり、「蔵人式」（橘広相撰）の中に、禁中年中行事の1つとして記されている。
• According to an article in 'Kokon yoranko' (an illustrated encyclopedia) publihed in 1905-1907, there had already been a description of Inoko mochi as an item for one of annual events in the Imperial court in the book of 'Kuroudo-shiki' (rules of officials in charge of classified documents) compliled by TACHIBANA no Hiromi.

• 上菓子は、お供え菓子や、茶道の菓子として洗練した発展をとげ、ふだんの菓子も年中行事ごとに様々なものが食べられた経緯から多彩に展開した。
• Jogashi has been finely developed as osonae-gashi (wagashi for offerings) and confectionaries for the tea ceremony, and also various kinds of confectionaries for everyday consumption have been made since people have many types of wagashi which is suited for every annual event.

• 朝廷では天武天皇（7世紀後半）には既に年中行事として大射（射礼〈じゃらい〉）が行われるなど、種々の“儀礼の射”（「礼射」）が行われた。
• In the Imperial Court, Emperor Tenmu (at the latter part of the 7th century) held Taisha (Jarai) as an annual event, and various 'ceremonial shooting exhibitions (Reisha)' were performed.

• 本朝月令（ほんちょうがつりょう／ほんちょうげつれい）は、平安時代中期における年中行事の起源や沿革、内容を纏めた現存最古の公事書である。
• Honcho Gatsuryo (or Honcho Getsurei) is the oldest remaining kuji-sho (a document about governmental operations and ceremonies) where, concerning annual events in the middle era of the Heian period, their origins, histories and contents are described.

• 朝廷の年中行事のほか、鴨川 (淀川水系)の川原で繰り広げられる飛礫合戦、広場での闘鶏、稲荷祭や今宮祭など当時の庶民の姿も活写している。
• In addition to the annual events held at the Imperial Court, it vividly features the common people at that time in stone-throwing fight held around the field of Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system), in cockfighting held in the open space, in Inari Festival, or in Imamiya Festival.

• その際に『九条年中行事』に基づいて宮廷儀式を遂行して、しきたりを重視する宮廷社会において他家に対して優位な立場に立つ事を図ったと言う。
• It is said that they performed the court ceremony based on 'Kujo nenchugyoji' and tried to put themselves in a superior position over other clans in the Imperial society which weighed heavily on its convention.

• 即位当初は政治に意欲的に取り組み、官司の統廃合や年中行事の停止、中・下級官人の待遇改善など政治・経済の立て直しを行い、民力休養に努めた。
• In the early stage of his reign, he dealt aggressively with politics, trying to combine or remove officials, stopping annual events or improving working conditions for middle- and low-class officials in order to restore the politics and finances as a means to ease ordinary people.

• 温暖で温泉地でもある湯河原は柑橘の産地でもあり消費地としても盛んなため、一年中小売できるように一つの畑で数十品種を栽培している農家も多い。
• With its mild climate and hot spring area, Yugawara is not only a growing area of citrus but also a consuming area, and there are many farmers who grow more than several dozen cultivars in one orchard to retail the products throughout the year.

• その年中に支払を受ける退職手当等の総額（前条の規定の適用がある部分の金額に限る。）及び当該総額につき同条の規定を適用して計算した所得税の額
• The total amount of the retirement allowance, etc. to be received within the relevant year (limited to the part of the amount subject to the provision of the preceding Article), and the amount of income tax calculated by applying the provision of the said Article to the said total amount

• 『年中行事絵巻』は後白河法皇が『伴大納言絵巻』とともに常磐光長に描かせたと伝わる絵巻物で、藤原基房らも製作にたずさわった行事絵の典型である。
• 'Nenchu-gyoji Emaki' (illustrated scroll of annual events) was said to be the emakimono that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa had Mitsunaga TOKIWA paint together with 'Ban Dainagon Emaki' (illustrated scroll of the story of a courtier Ban Dainagon); it is a typical Gyoji Emaki (illustrated scroll of events), and FUJIWARA no Motofusa was involved in creating it.

• 例えば、在地領主の家において行われる年中行事に必要な食物や供物、彼らの直営田である佃における耕作作業（田植・草刈・稲刈）などがそれにあたる。
• For exemple, it refers to food or altarage necessary for annual events which were held in the house of local lord, or cultivation service (rice planting, weeding, reaping) in the fields directly managed by them.

• 宮中において、838年（承和5年）に仏名会が、840年（承和7年）に潅仏会が静安によってはじめて修され、以後宮中における年中行事の法会となる。
• Joan first carried out the religious service 'Butsumyoe' in 838 and 'Kanbutsuse' in the Imperial Court, and thereafter, the services continued as annual events of the Imperial Court.

• 各地の初詣の模様は、12月31日より1月1日早朝にかけて日本放送協会NHK総合テレビジョンの長寿番組「ゆく年くる年」などで毎年中継されている。
• Hatsumode in various areas are broadcast every year from December 31 until the early morning of January 1 in the programs such as a long-running program called 'Yukutoshi -Kurutoshi' (the old year and the new year) by Nippon Hoso Kyokai (Japan Broadcasting Corporation).

• このことから、関東申次西園寺実兼と執権北条時宗との折衝により、後深草の皇子熈仁親王（伏見天皇）が同年中に亀山の猶子となり親王宣下、立太子した。
• Accordingly, as a result of negotiations between Sanekane SAIONJI, Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) and the regent Tokimune HOJO, Imperial Prince Hirohito (Emperor Fushimi), the son of Gofukakusa, became an adopted child of Kameyama in 1275, and was given the title of Imperial Prince and formally installed as the Imperial Prince.

• 高直の後は、嫡子上野肥前守高徳が家督を継ぎ喜村山城主となったが、高徳は、弘冶年中(1555～1558)に備前常山城に移り、この城を居城とした。
• After Takanoa, Ueno Hizen no kami Takatoku, his legitimate child, took over as head of the family and became the lord of Kimurayyama-jo Castle, but he moved to Bizen Tsuneyama-jo Castle at a certain point between 1555 and 1558 and resided in this castle.

• 内部税は、イーター機構により、給与から源泉徴収することにより徴収される。既に徴収された内部税は、暦年中に休業したとしても還付されることはない。
• The internal tax shall be collected by the ITER Organization by withholding it from monthly payments. No part of the internal tax so collected shall be refunded because of cessation of employment during the calendar year.

• 代表的な年中行事としては4月8日の仏生会、7月7日の七星祭、冬至の節分など（暦はいずれも旧暦）において数十人の信者が集まり、儀式、祭が行われる。
• The representative annual event is Bussho-e (Buddhist mass celebrating Buddha's Birthday) of April 8, Shichiseisai Festival of July 7 and Setsubun (the traditional end of winter) of winter solstice (all date according to old lunar calendar) where dozens people gather to take part in ceremony or festival.

• 同年中に中尉心得・大尉と進み、1873年5月、歩兵第1連隊大隊長を経ての1877年の西南戦争では陸軍少佐・歩兵第8連隊第1大隊長として出征する。
• In the same year, he was successively promoted to Chujo Kokoroe (Acting First Lieutenant) then Taijo (Captain), and after Daitaicho (Battalion Chief) of the 1st Infantry Regiment in May 1873, he departed to the front as Army Major, Daitaicho of the 1st Battalion of the 8th Infantry Regiment.

• 非常に多数の年中行事からなる儀式は、細部まで作法・様式が決められており、儀式を滞りなく執り行うため、『西宮記』『北山抄』などの儀式書も作られた。
• For rituals consisting of numerous annual events, detailed etiquette and patterns were determined, and such books concerned with rituals like 'Saikyuki' and 'Hokuzansho' were written in order to smoothly execute these rituals.

• 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣類、器具、家屋その他の物件は民俗文化財と定義されている。
• Folk cultural properties are defined as being the folk customs, public entertainments and traditional skills, and the associated costumes, tools and stages related to the indispensables such as foods, clothing, housings, livelihoods, beliefs and annual events.

• 障子の東西両面には、1年の正月から6月まで（東面）と、7月から12月まで（西面）の、年中行事の名目が記され、月中の行事は12月の末に書かれていた。
• The observances between January and June were listed on the one side of the screen (East side) and those between July and December, on the other side (West side), and the observances of the month were listed after December's.

• 実頼の儀式作法についてはその日記『清慎公記』に多少の記述はあるが、実際には孫で養子の藤原実資が著した『小野宮年中行事』によって完成されたと言える。
• Saneyori's ceremony etiquette style, although his diary 'Seishinko-ki' (Diary of FUJIRAWA no Saneyori) features a few descriptions of it, was finalized, in fact, by the publication of 'Ononomiya Nenjugyoji' (Precedents for Annual Events of Ononomiya) authored by Saneyori's grandson (lately adopted by Saneyori as his son), FUJIWARA no Sanesuke.

• 院政期には大江匡房があらわれて『江家次第』を編録し、前代の藤原公任『北山抄』、藤原実資『小野宮年中行事』と合わせ、王朝儀式書の鏡として重用された。
• 'Gokeshidai' (the Ritual Protocol of the Oe House) compiled by OE no Masafusa in the Insei period was used importantly as a book on rites during the dynasty age together with 'Hokuzansho' (a representative book of ceremonies for the Heian period) by FUJIWARA no Kinto, Ononomiya nenjugyoji (the precedents for annual events of Ononomiya) by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke from the former generation.

• 『公事根源』には『年中行事歌合』から引用されたと見られる記述も見られるものの、『江家次第』や『建武年中行事』が出典と考えられる記述も存在している。
• While some descriptions seem to have been cited from 'Nenjugyoji Utaawase' are seen in 'Kuji kongen,' there also exist descriptions whose authority are considered to be 'Koke Shidai' and 'Kenmu Nenjugyoji.'

• 足利義満は康暦元年（1379年）のある夜、「そなたは今年中に大患をわずらうが、宝幢菩薩を祀る伽藍を建立すれば寿命が延びるであろう」との夢告を受けた。
• One night in 1379, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA had a revelation in a dream that told him 'You will fall ill this year and the only way to extend your life is to establish a temple for the worship of Hodo Bosatsu.'

• 年中行事障子（ねんじゅうぎょうじのそうじ）は、清涼殿の弘廂にあって、上戸（かみのと。殿上の間への出入りに利用する戸口）に向けてたてられていた障立障子。
• The screen of the annual observances is a self-standing screen which was put in Hirobisashi (broad eaves) adjacent to Seiryoden (literally 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) and faced to the Upper Door (an entrance to the courtiers' hall).

• 仁和年中、深紅色の衣服の着用が禁じられていたにも関わらず、右大臣の多は深紅の襖子（あおし）を着用し、検非違使の小野道風に裂き取られたことがあったという。
• During the era of Ninna, when he was Udaijin, he wore a red aoshi, even though wearing red clothes was prohibited, and ONO no Michikaze, who was then assigned to kebiishi (officialswith judicial and police powers), ripped off his clothes.

• 貞観年中に、第32世の田雄等が勅を奉じて、上記『養老本記』を基にその後の数代を増補する形で本系帳としての『籠名神社祝部氏系図』（現在の「本系図」）を撰進。
• During the Jogan era, upon emperor's orders, Deno the 32nd and others completed 'Kono-myojin-yashiro Hafuribe-uji Keizu' (today's Hon-keizu) as Honke-cho (record of the main lineage) by updating the above-mentioned 'Yoro Hongi' through the addition of ensuing several generations.

• 近代から、上記に述べた年中行事が廃れ、節分当日の夕暮れ、ヒイラギの枝にイワシの頭を刺したもの（柊鰯）を戸口に立てておいたり、豆撒きをしたりするようになった。
• After entering the modern age, the above-mentioned annual events went out of fashion; instead, people became accustomed to placing Hiiragi-iwashi (a sprig of holly pricked into a baked sardine's head) at the door of each house and to performing a bean-scattering ceremony.

• こうした有形文化財に加え、乞巧奠（きっこうてん、七夕）のような昔ながらの年中行事や和歌の家としての伝統を保持するため、財団法人冷泉家時雨亭文庫が設立された。
• In addition to handling these tangible cultural properties, the Foundation of the Shigure-tei library of the Reizei family was established to preserve records of ancient cultural practices like the Tanabata Star Festival (the festival of the Weaver, which still takes place on the seventh day of the seventh month) as well, and to preserve the Reizei family's poetic conventions as a family famed for its waka poems.

• 叙位・任官をはじめとする朝廷の政務儀式、天皇の日常の行動から学問などについての注意が示されており、宮廷における年中行事の研究には欠かせない内容が含まれている。
• Kanpyo no goyuikai contains the instruction on the protocols of government affairs at the Imperial Court such as the conferment of court rank and appointment to an office, the emperor's daily activities, learning and other issues, which are essential to the study of the annual events at the Court.

• 紫檀塗螺鈿金銅荘舎利輦（したんぬりらでんこんどうそう　しゃりれん） - 舎利会（しゃりえ：仏陀の遺骨をたたえる年中行事）で用いるもので、神社の神輿に似ている。
• Shitannuri Raden Kondoso Shariren - Used in Sharie (a ceremony that honors the Buddha's bones), similar to a Shinto Shrine's Mikoshi

• 月遅れ（つきおくれ）とは、日本の年中行事の日程を太陰太陽暦(旧暦の天保暦、寛政暦、宝暦暦、貞享暦など)の日付からグレゴリオ暦(新暦)上で1か月遅らせて行うこと。
• Tsuki-okure means that under the Gregorian calendar (the New Style), dates of annually scheduled Japanese programs or events are deferred one month compared to the Taiin-taiyo-reki (lunisolar calendar) (the Old Style including the Tenpo calendar, the Kansei calendar, the Horyaku calendar, and the Jokyo calendar).

• - 的屋とは基本的には祭礼や縁日や時節や年中行事で、寺社の参道や境内または門前町を主に、人出が見込まれる場所を渡り歩き商売をする、日本古来の伝統的な生業を指す。
• Tekiya is basically a traditional ancient Japanese vocation in which one travels looking for business in locations where a large number of people are expected, mainly around the sando (an approach to the temple) or precincts of temples and shrines, for rites and festivals, fairs, and annual events.

• また、中世のもう一つの歴史認識は、年中行事や有職故実などの儀礼を通じて歴史を考えるというもので、そのため、故実を伝えるための日記や各種記録文書が多数作成された。
• During the medieval period, history was also recognized through ceremonies in annual events and in Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), and therefore, many diaries and records were written to hand over practices from older days to later generations.

• 張保皐は790年頃に新羅南部の海岸地帯に生まれ、810年中国の山東半島に渡り、その地の軍閥勢力であった徐州武寧軍に入って、高句麗人出身の北方軍閥・李正已と戦った。
• Bogo JANG was born in a coastal region of southern Silla in around 790AC, moved to the Shandong Peninsula of China in 810 to join the local military power the Muryeong Army of Xunzhou Province, and fought against a northern military group member Jeong-gi YI who was from Goguryeo (Kingdom of Korea).

• 年中行事歌合（ねんじょうぎょうじうたあわせ）とは、貞和5年12月22日 (旧暦)（1350年1月30日）に北朝 (日本)関白二条良基主催で開かれた五十番歌合のこと。
• Nenjugyoji Utaawase means Gojuban Utaawase hosted by Yoshimoto NIJO, Kanpaku (a chief adviser to the Emperor) of the Northern court (Japan), on February 7, 1350.

• そのため、明治4年1月25日に引換を打ち切り、以後は金銀混合の地金として時価で扱うものとする太政官布告が出された（ただし、同年中は希望者には引換は継続されている）。
• For this reason, an edict of Daijokan was issued to announce that the exchange of money would be terminated as of January 15, 1871, and that from this date on, the counterfeit money would be dealt with at the market price of a ground metal mixed of gold and silver (however, the exchange continued during the year only for the people who wished).

• 『文禄年中の豊臣秀吉公御代は、岡本下野殿亀山城より神領を御支配せられ、その後、牧村兵庫殿・町野左近殿・古田兵部殿・稲葉蔵人殿、当国、田丸・岩出両城より御支配せらる。』
• 'During the Bunroku era (1592-1596) while Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was in power, Magistrate Shimotsuke OKAMOTO controlled the Shrine territory, staying at Kameyama-jo Castle, and afterwards, Magistrate Hyogo MAKIMURA, Magistrate Sakon MACHINO, Magistrate Hyobu FURUTA, and Magistrate Kurando INABA, successively assumed control over this territory and lived in Tamaru-jo Castle and Iwade-jo Castle.'

• 前項の規定により供託すべき金銭の額は、前年中に掘採した石炭又は亜炭の数量一トンにつき二十円をこえない範囲内において経済産業局長が毎年鉱区又は租鉱区ごとに定める額とする。
• The amount of money to be deposited pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be specified every year by the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry for each mining area or each mining lease area to the extent that the amount does not exceed 20 yen per ton of coal or lignite mined within the previous year.

• 宇佐神宮より八幡神を勧請したのとほぼ同時期に放生会も伝わり、948年（天暦2年）には勅祭として執り行われるようになるなど、京都の年中行事の中でも重要な祭の1つであった。
• The Hojoe at the shrine dates from roughly the same period when the Hachimanshin was transferred from Usa-jingu Shrine, and became an event attended by an imperial envoy in 948 as well as being one of the most important annual festivals in Kyoto.

• 仁和年中に、「本系図」が神代のことや上祖の歴名を載せておらず、本記の体をなしていなかったため、第33世の稲雄等が往古の所伝を追補して『丹波国造海部直等氏之本記』を撰述。
• During the Ninna era, as the Hon-keizu had not served as hongi (a document based on surveys) due to lack of descriptions for ancient times (age of the gods) and the names of older ancestors, Inao the 33rd and others completed 'Tanba Kuninomiyatsuko Amabe Jikito-uji no Hongi' (Records of the Amabe family, an ancient local ruling family in Tanba Province) by adding oral traditions.

• そして、その船に乗っている者は、起きていようが眠っていようが、善い人であろうが悪い人であろうが、誰も彼もこの日は一年中のどんな日よりも、より親切な言葉を他人に掛けていた。
• And every man on board, waking or sleeping, good or bad, had had a kinder word for another on that day than on any day in the year;

• 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
• Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.

• 母も死ぬ三日前に愛想（あいそ）をつかした――おやじも年中持て余している――町内では乱暴者の悪太郎と爪弾（つまはじ）きをする――このおれを無暗に珍重（ちんちょう）してくれた。
• She was almost blindly fond of me,--me, whom mother, became thoroughly disgusted with three days before her death; whom father considered a most aggravating proposition all the year round, and whom the neighbors cordially hated as the local bully among the youngsters.

• これに対し、「無形民俗文化財」の指定対象は風俗慣習、民俗芸能、年中行事などの一般庶民の生活、慣習、行事そのものであって、特定の個人や団体を「保持者」として認定することはない。
• On the other hand, those designated as 'intangible folk-cultural properties' are lives, customs and events of commoners themselves, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts and annual observances, for which individuals or organizations are not certified as 'holders.'

• 1687年に朝仁親王（東山天皇）への譲位にこぎつけた後に仙洞御所に入って院政を開始し（以後仙洞様とよばれるようになる）、その年には同じく長年中断していた新天皇の大嘗祭を行う。
• After the succession of Imperial Prince Asahito (later called Emperor Higashiyama) to the Imperial Throne in 1687, he went to live at Sento-Imperial Palace and started ruling the cloister government (after this he was called Sento-sama, (Sir Sento)), and he organized the Great Thanksgiving Service (after the Enthronement of the Emperor) for the celebration of a new Emperor, which had not been done for a long time.

• - 時節や年中行事に必要な縁起物である木の実や葉っぱや野菜、魚（地域によっては普段は禁じられていた獣肉など）などのいわゆる、季節物・消え物（きえもの）を市や縁日で販売していた。
• This term was used to refer the selling of lucky charms required for times or annual events, what is called, seasonal items or items that would only be used once such as nuts, berries, vegetables, fish (and, depending on the district, meat, which was normally banned) at markets or festivals.

• これを機に義教は宗子との離別を決意、同年中に宗子は離別を言い渡されて御所を去り、日野家に対してはその妹の日野重子（後の足利義勝・足利義政の生母）を側室に迎えることで代償とした。
• Yoshinori took this opportunity to divorce Muneko in the same year and took in her younger sister Shigeko HINO (later became the birth mother of Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA and Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA) as his concubine to compensate the Hino family.

• 忘年会（ぼうねんかい）とは、組織や集団が一年の終わりにその一年間を振り返り、その間の苦労をねぎらい、忘れると共に新たな一年に向けて気持ちを新たにするために行われる年中行事である。
• Bonenkai (literally, forget-the-year party) is an annual event held at the end of the year by an organization or group to give those attending a chance to look back at the past year and show their appreciation for the hardships they have each endured, before forgetting the current year and committing themselves to making a fresh start in the upcoming year.

• 年間の詳しい死者数は不明であるが、厚労省の調査では、2006年中に食品を原因とする窒息で救命救急センターなどに搬送された事例は、把握できた計803件のうち、餅は168件に上った。
• The detailed number of people who die of such suffocation in each year is unknown, however, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 168 cases were caused by mochi of the 803 cases which could be grasped in 2006 of the cases where people are transported to emergency medical care centers, etc., due to suffocation caused by food.

• 後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』や祖父二条良基の『年中行事歌合』などを参考にして元旦の四方拝から大晦日の追儺までの宮中行事100余を月の順序で記し、起源・由来・内容・特色などを記した。
• With reference to 'Kenmu nenchugyoji' (Annual Ceremonies of the Kenmu Era) written by Emperor Godaigo and 'Nenchu gyoji uta awase' (Annual Court Ceremonies Poetry competitions) written by Kaneyoshi's grandfather Yoshimoto NIJO, and so forth, the book contains some 100 imperial court functions from shihohai (ceremony called worship of the four quarters) on New Year's Day to tsuina (ceremony called to drive out evil spirits) on New Year's Eve in monthly order with the origin, source, details, and features.

• 同年中に近衛中将・蔵人頭を経験し、正暦2年（991年）正月26日、参議となって公卿に列し、同7月27日従三位、9月7日には中納言に昇叙、更に翌3年8月28日、正三位大納言に進んだ。
• In the same year, he was also appointed Konoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Palace Guards) and Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain); on February 18, 991, he became Sangi (councilor) and ranked among court nobles; on September 13, 991, he was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank); on October 22, 991, he was promoted to Chunagon; and on October 2, 992, he was promoted to Shosanmi Dainagon (Senior Third Rank, chief councilor of state.)

• 文化財保護法では無形の民俗文化財を、「衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術で、わが国の国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの」と規定している。
• The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties provides that intangible folk cultural properties are 'manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, festivals, etc., to folk entertainments, arts and crafts and techniques which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.'

• 12世紀末に鎌倉幕府が成立すると、武家の棟梁である征夷大将軍が独自の政治的権限と政務及年中行事の体系を「公事」（政務としての）として構築し、家臣である御家人に対して「公事」を賦課した。
• In the late 12th century when Kamakura bakufu was founded, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), a leader of samurai family, built a system of the political authority, government affairs and annual events as 'kuji' (as government affairs), and imposed 'kuji' to gokenin, vassals.

• この逸話を基に岩手県内を始め各地に伝わる蘇民祭を始め、京都の八坂神社や伊勢・志摩地方の年中行事で厄除け祈願として、茅の輪潜りや蘇民将来護符の頒布、注連飾りなどの祭祀が盛んに行われている。
• Based on this episode, rituals such as Chinowa kuguri; going through a ring of Chigaya, distribution of talisman of Somin shorai, and shimekazari (sacred Shinto rope with festoons), are actively performed as a prayer for protection from evil in Somin-sai Festival that takes place in various places including within Iwate prefecture in the Yasaka-jinja Shrine in Kyoto and in Ise and Shima regions as an annual event.

• 後年中川は、「今日でこそ口語体は広く行はれて来たけれども当時に至つては中々一般の賛成を得るには至らなかつた」と述べている（「白雲山荘雑記」『立命館学誌』九 1917年・大正6年3月）。」
• In later years, he recalled 'Although nowadays the colloquial style is widely practiced, at that time this idea did not gain approval by the public in general.' ('Hakuun sanso zakki' (Miscellaneous record at Hakuun sanso villa) in 'Ritsumeikan Gakkai-shi' (Ritsumeikan University Bureau) Vol. 9: March, 1917).

• しかし1998年、京都御所内東山御文庫に所蔵されていた後西天皇の宸翰『年中行事』という二冊の書物が『新撰年中行事』の写本であることが逸文との照合等により判明し、研究者の注目を集めている。
• However, it was discovered in 1998 that two documents of Shinkan (original handwriting of the emperor) of Emperor Gobunko called 'Nenchugyoji' (events within the year) stored in Higashiyama Gobunko of the Imperial Palace, Kyoto was the manuscript of 'Sinsen Nenchugyoji' by contrasting with the little remaining manuscript, and came under attention of researchers.

• その伝来としては、臨済宗の開祖となる栄西禅が1191年中国から帰国の折に茶種と作法を持ち帰り、その飲み方などが日本に広まったという説が有名である（詳しくは茶道茶道の歴史の項を参照のこと）。
• As for introduction of macha-ho method to Japan, it is popularly accepted that Eisai Zenji (the great Zen teacher Eisai), the originator of Rinzai-shu denomination (Rinzai-shu sect), brought back with him from China in 1191 several kinds of tea along with the manners on how to drink them, which subsequently spread in Japan (for details, please refer to the section on Sado, History of Sado)

• 2004年（平成16年）の文化財保護法改正により、国または地方公共団体の指定を受けていない有形の民俗文化財のうち保存と活用が特に必要なものを年中行事に登録できることになった（第90条第1項）。
• In accordance with the 2004 revision (Article 90, Clause 1) of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a registration system was established for those tangible folk cultural properties that have not been designated by the nation or a local public entity but at the same time need necessary preservation and proper usage as annual events.

• これは弘仁11年に嵯峨天皇の詔で決められたものらしく(日本紀略・小野宮年中行事)、奈良時代には白で刺繍のないものであったらしいことが正倉院文書から推定されている(ただし大仏開眼会での所用品)。
• In 820, it was decided by Imperial edict issued by the Emperor Saga (Nihonki ryaku (The Abbreviated History of Japan) and Ononomiya Annual Ceremonies), and according to the Shosoin documents, it was conjectured that the clothing for the Emperor was white and had no embroidery (although it was worn at the eye-opening ceremony of the Great Buddha).

• 起源は、『年中行事秘抄』によれば、中国からつたえられたので、この日にあずき粥を蚩尤もしくは高辛氏の女の怨霊に供し、これを食すればその祟りをのがれ、年中の邪気をはらうという伝説に由来するという。
• According to the 'Nenjugyojihisyo (descriptions of annual events)' the custom came from China and originated in a legend that, by offering red bean Kayu to Chihyu (a god of Chinese myth) or a woman ghost of the Koshin clan, then eating it, people could escape their curses and avoid evil spirits throughout the year.

• 開放的な空間を、住む人の日常生活の都合や、季節の変化や年中行事の儀礼や接客饗宴などに応じて、几帳や屏風や障子などによって内部を仕切り、帳台や畳その他の調度を置いて、その都度適切な空間演出を行った。
• This inside open space was divided with kicho, folding screens and shoji according to daily needs of residents, ceremonies of annual events and banquets, and staged the space adequately by placing chodai, tatami and other furniture for every occasion.

• 村は本来道切りなどにより外部と区別される空間で、村の成員は生業を行い生活に必要な資源を供給する環境を共有し、寄合を行い祭礼や年中行事を共同で行うことにより統一された意思のもと秩序維持を行っていた。
• The village is originally a space separated from the outside world by placing something that drives out evil spirits on the access road, and the village members live under the same condition by earning a living through supply of resources required for everyday life, as well as by holding meetings and jointly organizing rites, festivals and annual events for maintenance of order under the unified will.

• 明治5年（1872年）1月には大阪鎮台司令長官に就任、明治7年（1874年）4月に名古屋鎮台司令長官に移るが、明治10年（1877年）5月には大阪鎮台司令長官を兼ねた（同年中に兼職を免ぜられる）。
• He was appointed Commander of Osaka Garrison in February 1872 and transferred to Commander of Nagoya Garrison in April 1874, though he served concurrently as Commander of Osaka and Nagoya Garrisons in May 1877 (he was relieved from serving as Commander of Osaka Garrison later the same year).

• 前年中において贈与により取得した財産について同年分の贈与税が課される場合における当該財産に係る贈与税の課税価格（相続税法（昭和二十五年法律第七十三号）第二十一条の二に規定する贈与税の課税価格をいう。）
• The assessed value of gift tax (this refers to the assessed value of the gift tax provided for in Article 21-2 of the Inheritance Tax Act (Act No. 73 of 1950)) pertaining to the property in case the gift tax for the previous year is imposed on a property acquired by a gift in the same year.

• 後三年合戦から約20年後の長治年中（1104年 - 1106年）、鎌倉権五郎景政は相模国・鵠沼郷一帯を、先祖伝来の地として、多数の浮浪人を集めて開発を始め、それを伊勢神宮に寄進しようと国衙に申請した。
• During the Choji era (1104-1106) which was about 20 years after Gosannen no Eki, KAMAKURA no Gongoro Kagemasa began to develop the Kugenuma-go district in the Sagami Province as an ancestral estate by many landlopers and applied to kokuga for its donation to the Ise Jingu Shrine.

• 三　衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの（以下「民俗文化財」という。)
• 3. The indispensables in order for our nationals to appreciate the flow of life (such as food, clothing, housings, industry or livelihood, beliefs, folk customs about festivals, public entertainments, and traditional skills with the associated costumes, tools and stages) (such indispensables being hereinafter referred to as folk cultural properties)

• 1-35番までの70句は四季の年中行事を、36-43番左までの17句は内裏殿舎にちなんだ「恋」の句、43番右-50番までの13句は宣命・行幸・牛車など宮中に関する事物を扱った「雑」の句という構成になっている。
• Seventy waka poems from Number one to Number thirty-five were those of seasonal events, seventeen waka poems from Number thirty-six to the left of Number forty-three were those of 'love' that related to the palace building, and thirteen waka poems from the right of Number fourty-three to Number fifty were those of 'zatsu,' which used various things related to the Imperial Court such as senmyo (Imperial edict), gyoko (Imperial visit) and gissha (ox-drawn carriage) as subject matter.

• 平安時代以後、朝廷のおける儀式化が進み、朝廷における節会や除目などの四季折々に行われる年中行事の運営が朝廷における政務の主たる部分を占めるようになっていき、それに、陣定などの評定や訴訟が組み合わせられていった。
• After the Heian period, as ritualization's growing in the Imperial Court, the management of annual events that took place in every season such as Sechie (seasonal court banquets) and jimoku (appointment ceremonies) began to occupy the most of the government affairs, at the same time, consultation such as Jin no sadame (ancient cabinet council) and suit began to be integrated into it.

• 政務における公事の一環としての年中行事が整備されてきたのと同じ平安時代中期には、租庸調・雑徭を基本とする律令制の租税体系が解体したため、公事を含めた朝廷の運営費用は諸国の国司である受領が負担を請負う図式となった。
• In the mid Heian period when annual events became organized as a part of kuji in the political affairs, the taxation system of the ritsuryo system fell apart, so the management cost of the Imperial Court including kuji became to be borne by zuryo (provincial governor) who were kokushi.

• 2002年中は、カプコンのプレイステーション2用ゲームソフト『クロックタワー3』のイベントCGムービーの監督として撮影（モーションキャプチャ収録）、これを撮り終えた（撮り終えたという意味ではこちらが遺作である）。
• During 2002, as the director of filming (in this case motion capture filming), Fukasaku finished the CG animation for the Playstation 2 game 'Clock Tower 3' (the finished product becoming his posthumous work).

• その後、院政期に入ると朔旦冬至の年に官務と局務に各3部ずつ、記録所に1部を進上することが慣例化された（大治 (日本)元年藤原宗忠『中右記』・永仁5年賀茂定清『永仁五年朔旦冬至記』・明徳3年中原師豊『大外記師豊記』）。
• Later, when insei period started, people made it rule to present three copies of the calendar to kanmu and kyokumu and one copy to kirokujo in the year of sakutan toji (according to 'Chuyuki' by FUJIWARA no Munetada in 1126, 'Einin gonen sakutan tojiki' by Kamo no Sadakiyo in 1297 and 'Daigeki morotoyoki' by Morotoyo NAKAHARA in 1392).

• 平安時代、後白河法皇の命で作られた『年中行事絵巻』には東西11間、南北4間で、朱塗りの柱と瓦葺屋根入母屋造の屋根に金色の鴟尾を戴く大極殿が鮮やかに描かれており、平安神宮大極殿や平城宮跡の大極殿復元事業でも参考とされた。
• The builders of the Daigokuden of Heian-jingu Shrine and the designers in charge of the reconstruction of the Daigokuden of Heijo-kyu referred to 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' (a picture scroll of yearly events), which was created under the order of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa during the Heian period, and clearly depicts the Daigokuden of irimoya-zukuri style (building with a half-hipped roof) architecture that measured 20 meters from east to west in width and four ken 7.3 meters from north to south in depth, and had red painted pillars and tiled roofs with a pair of golden Shibi (ornamental ridge-end tiles).

• 石炭又は亜炭を目的とする鉱業権者又は租鉱権者は、経済産業省令で定める手続に従い、当該鉱区又は租鉱区に関する損害の賠償を担保するため、その前年中に掘採した石炭又は亜炭の数量に応じて、毎年一定額の金銭を供託しなければならない。
• Holders of mining right or mining lease right who intend to mine coal or lignite shall deposit a certain amount of money every year in proportion to the quantity of coal or lignite mined in the previous year pursuant to the procedures prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry to ensure the compensation for damage to be caused in the mining areas concerned or mining lease areas concerned.

• 「延喜天暦の治」と賞せられる醍醐天皇（延喜の治）・村上天皇（天暦の治）の「善政」とされるものの多くは寛平の治の政策の延長上に過ぎず、従来延喜年間のこととされている奴婢制度廃止令も寛平年中に出された形跡があるとする説がある。
• Most of what was called 'good politics' in the era of Emperor Daigo (Engi no chi) and Emperor Murakami (Tenryaku no chi) and which were highly evaluated as 'Engi-Tenryaku-no-ch' were only extensions of the political measures taken in Kanpyo no chi, and one theory holds that there is evidence that the abolition of slavery was issued in the Kanpyo era, which is generally believed to have been issued in the Enkgi era.

• なお、餅粥の由来については不明な点が多いが、『小野宮年中行事』には弘仁式主水司に既に記載されていたと記され、宇多天皇は自らが寛平年間に民間の風習を取り入れて宮中に導入したと記している（『宇多天皇宸記』寛平2年2月30日条）。
• There are many questions regarding the origin of Mochi-gayu, but 'Ononomiyanenjugyoji' (the precedents for annual events of Ononomiya) says that Mochi-gayu was already mentioned at Shusuishi (water office in charge of acquiring water and cooking porridge) in the Konin-shiki Code; moreover, Emperor Uda wrote that he introduced the folk custom into the imperial court during the Kanbyo era ('Udotennoshinki (the diary of Emperor Uda),' February 30, 890).

• 財団法人冷泉家時雨亭文庫（れいぜいけしぐれていぶんこ）は、藤原定家の子孫であり、歌道の家として知られる冷泉家（上冷泉家）に伝わる古写本、建築、年中行事などの文化遺産を保存し、冷泉流古今伝授を継承することを目的として設立された。
• The Foundation for the Reizei family's Shigure-tei library was founded by the descendants of FUJIWARA no Teika; it was created both to store and protect the cultural treasures, including old manuscripts, architectural items, and reports of annual events that had been passed down in the Reizei family, which was well known as a poetic family, and for the purpose of instructing succeeding generations in the Reizei school of kokin denju, or interpretation of the poetry in the Kokinshu.

• また、かつて江戸の小石川で、年中貧乏暮しをしていた旗本が年越しの日、これまでずっと貧乏だったが特に悪いことも無かったのは貧乏神の加護によるものだとし、酒や米などを供えて貧乏神を祀り、多少は貧窮を免れて福を分けてもらうよう言った。
• Additionally, a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) who lived in Koishikawa of Edo, always poor, worshipped the Binbo-gami, offering sake and rice, thinking although he was poor all this time, it was the divine protection by the Binbo-gami that prevented especially bad things from happening, and asked for some relief from poverty and a share of good fortune.

• これに不満を抱いた後深草院は、翌建治元年（1275年）、太上天皇の尊号辞退と出家の意思を表明し、時の関東申次で後深草院寄りの西園寺実兼が執権北条時宗と折衝し、後深草天皇の皇子熈仁親王（伏見天皇）を同年中に立太子させることに成功した。
• The Gofukakusa in was not happy about the situation, he demonstrated his dissatisfaction by declining from his position as the retired emperor and to receive the respected name in 1275, Sanekane SAIONJI, who was the Kanto Moshitsugi in this period and favored the Retired Emperor Gofukakusa, negotiated with the regent, Tokimune HOJO, he succeeded to have Gofukakusa's Prince, Imperial Prince Hirohito (the Emperor Fushimi) to become Crown Prince in the same year.

• 9世紀、内裏の警護にあたっていたのは近衛府だったが、桓武天皇の子である平城天皇（上皇）と嵯峨天皇兄弟の対立による薬子の変を契機に、新たに設置された蔵人所が、9世紀末、宇多天皇の寛平年中（889年 - 897年）から管轄するようになる。
• In the 9th century, although the Konoefu (Division of Palace Guards) guarded the dairi (imperial palace), as a result of antagonism between the brothers Emperor Heizei (Retired Emperor) and Emperor Saga who were sons of Emperor Kanmu, the Kusuko no hen (Kusuko Incident) led to the creation of the Kurodo dokoro (imperial secretariat) in order to administer the dairi starting at the end of the 9th century during the Kanpyo era (889-897) of Emperor Uda.

• 鎌倉時代以降、専門分化して、研究が盛んとなり、儀式については順徳天皇の『禁秘抄』、後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』、一条兼良の『公事根源』、官職制度については北畠親房の『職源抄』、服飾については源雅亮の『雅亮装束抄』などの有職故実書が著された。
• After the Kamakura period, yusoku kojitsu became as specialist field and the subject of active research, leading to the authorship of books including those on ceremonies such as 'Kinpisho' written by Emperor Juntoku, 'Kemmu Nenchu Gyoji' written by Emperor Godaigo, and 'Kuji kongen' (the Rules of Court) written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO; those on the government system such as 'Shokugensho' written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE; and those on clothing such as 'Masasuke Shozoku Sho' (Masasuke's rule book on costumes) written by MINAMOTO no Masasuke.

• 重要無形民俗文化財（じゅうようむけいみんぞくぶんかざい）は、衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事などに関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術など、人々が日常生活の中で生み出し継承してきた無形の民俗文化財のうち、特に重要なものとして国が指定したものである。
• Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property refers to intangible folk culture which people have created in their daily lives and passed on to subsequent generations, such as manners and customs, folk performing arts, occupations, religious faiths, folk techniques related to clothing, food and housing, and festivals, and which have been designated as especially important by the national government.

• ちなみに籠城した人の中には、中国研究者として名高いペリオや海関総税務司として長年中国に滞在していたロバート・ハート、G.E.モリソン（George Ernest Morrison）、服部宇之吉、狩野直喜、古城貞吉といった有名人も含まれていた。
• Well known people among the besieged were Pelliot, who was a famous Chinese scholar, Robert Hart, who resided in China for a long period as the Inspectorate General of Customs, George Ernest Morrison, Unokichi HATTORI, Naoki KANO, and Teikichi KOJO.

• 同年中には加茂 - 新木津（のちに木津と統合して廃止）間を開通させて、前年に買収した浪速鉄道の路線を経由して、大阪の網島駅（1898年 - 1913年の間、現在の京橋駅 (大阪府)近くにあったターミナル駅） - 四条畷駅 - 名古屋間に直通列車を走らせた。
• In the same year, the company began operations on the Kamo-Shinkizu (later, it was integrated with Kizu and was abolished) section, and it began to operate direct trains on the Amishima Station in Osaka (a terminal station that existed near current Kyobashi Station (Osaka Prefecture) from 1898 until 1913)-Shijonawate Station-Nagoya Station section via the line of Naniwa Railway which the company acquired during the previous year.

• かつて江戸時代初期のように四季醸造という生産体制が、人々の年中サイクルの中に組み込まれ息づいていたころには、ちょうど今でいう「季節もの」や「天然もの」の野菜や魚のように、寒造りされた酒はその他の酒と区別され「寒酒」として味わわれたようであるが、そうした習慣は、現在は一般的には消滅してしまっているといえる。
• The shikijozo production system was incorporated in the annual cycle of people of the early Edo Period similar to the 'seasonal' or 'natural' vegetables or fish of nowadays, and the sake that was made with kanzukuri process was treated apart from other sake, but the custom has disappeared now.

• 結局、大学、京都府、地元を交えた議論の中で調停が行われ、1923年4月に契約の一部を修正して、地権者側の伐採収益取得の権利を地上権者側に譲渡し、地上権者側は代償として、39年間の借地料金利の積算額である22万円を同年中に地権者側に支払うことで和解した。
• Mediation attempts were made through discussions among the university, Kyoto Prefecture and the local people concerned, and they were reconciled in April 1923 according to the following conditions that modified some portions of the original contract details: The land-owning-person-side right of acquiring profit from cutting woods there should be transferred to the university side, and the person with the right to use the land should pay the land-owning person 220,000 yen that amounted to the accumulation of interests for land rent over 39 years, to compensate for the transfer of the right.

• これは、日本古来の民族信仰の基盤の上に、自然風土の中で培われた年中行事や、祭礼などを通じて、多くの日本人が七五三や初詣、あるいは季節の祭りを神社で行い、江戸時代の寺請制度の影響で、葬式や盆などを仏教式で行うなど、複数の宗教にまたがって儀礼に参加しているためである。
• This is because many Japanese people engage in rituals of multiple religions, holding the seven-five-three festival and other seasonal festivals at shrines and visiting shrines at the beginning of the New Year based on annual events and rituals developed in the natural climate from ancient ethnic religions of Japan, and by the influence of the temple guarantee system in the Edo period, holding funerals and bon festivals (a festival of the dead or Buddhist all soul's day) with Buddhist rites.

• 仁明天皇・文徳天皇の時代（833年‐858年間に藤原良房が台頭するとこの傾向は著しくなり、宇多天皇は自ら易学（周易）に精通していたほか、藤原師輔も自ら「九条殿遺誡」や「九条年中行事」を著して多くの陰陽思想にもとづく禁忌・作法を組み入れた手引書を示したほどであった。
• This trend became prevalent as FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa gained power during the eras of Emperor Ninmyo and Emperor Montoku (833 - 858) and aside from Emperor Uta being personally familiar with the art of divination (shueki (eki established in the Zhou Dynasty)), FUJIWARA no Morosuke was so well versed in Onmyodo that he wrote 'Kujodonoikai' and 'Kujo nenchugyoji' (Kujo annual events) incorporating many taboos and manners based upon the principles of Onmyo into guidebooks.

• 蓮の葉商い（蓮の葉商ひ、蓮葉商い）とは、古くから日本各地の朝市や縁日などで、その時々に自生する銀杏、アケビ、椎（しい）などの木の実や五節句、二十四節気の年中行事に必要な季節物をその期日の前に商いしていた者をさす（近年、近代から八百屋や花屋や街商も季節物を売っていた）。
• The term 'trade in lotus leaves' refers to persons who have dealt with ginkgo nuts, akebi or nuts of any beech tree of the genus Castanopsis growing naturally at different times, or with seasonal goods necessary for annual events including the five seasonal festivals and 24 divisions of the old calendar, before the days of such events at morning markets and fairs in various regions of Japan, from the old times (in the later years of the modern period, vegetable shops, flower shops and gaisho (stallholders) sold seasonal goods).

• 一般的には数件の店が一つのグループを作り、地方の縁日などを回っているが、都心の古くからある地域では一と六、二と八、三と七、五と十（四と九は縁起が悪いのと休みは的屋にも必要）の付く日で縁日を主要な町々で分けており、夏場や正月や花見など年中行事以外の限られた日数だけ地方に赴く団体もある。
• Usually, several shops form a group and travel around local fairs but, in old towns in urban areas, some groups do business at the festivals which held in the main towns at the fair dividing on days which there is a one and six, two and eight, three and seven, and five and ten (four and nine are considered unlucky so even tekiya close on those days), and some only travel to irregular, limited-period fairs other than annual events, such as summer festivals, New Years or cherry blossom viewing festivals.

• しかし、彼自身は嵯峨天皇の側近として重用され、弘仁7年（816）、32才の若さで参議に、同12年権中納言となり、嵯峨天皇が譲位して淳和天皇が即位した後も、同14年中納言へと順調な出世を遂げ、同年11月、嵯峨上皇に近侍するため中納言を辞すものの、天長5年（828年）には大納言に昇進している。
• However, he was taken into confidence as a close aide of Emperor Saga, and in 816, he was appointed to Sangi at the age of only 32 and in 821, appointed to Gonchunagon (,provisional vice-councilor of state) and even after Emperor Saga abdicated the throne and Emperor Junna acceded, he was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) in 823 and advanced his career, and although he resigned the post temporally to serve closely the Retired Emperor Saga, he was promoted to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in 828.

• 経済産業局長は、 石炭及び亜炭以外の鉱物を目的とする鉱業権者又は租鉱権者について、当該鉱区又は租鉱区に関する損害の賠償を担保するため必要があると認めるときは、当該 鉱区又は租鉱区において前年中に掘採した鉱物の価額の百分の一をこえない範囲内において定める額の金銭を供託すべきことを命ずることができる。
• The Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry may, when he/she finds it necessary to ensure the compensation for damage to be caused in the mining areas concerned or mining lease areas concerned, order holders of mining right or mining lease right who intend to mine minerals other than coal and lignite to deposit the amount of money, which is specified to the extent that does not exceed one-hundredth of the values of minerals mined within the previous year in the mining areas concerned or mining lease areas concerned.

• 配電統制令により、京都電燈が配電事業を関西配電（関西電力の前身）・北陸配電（北陸電力の前身）へ、発送電事業を日本発送電へ譲渡し解散するのに伴い、同社の京都（嵐山線・北野線・叡山線）と福井（越前電気鉄道線）での鉄軌道事業を引き継ぐため1942年に設立され、同年中に傍系の鞍馬電気鉄道・三国芦原電鉄が合流した。
• The Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd., was established in 1942 to succeed the railway and tramway business that was operated by the Kyoto Dento in Kyoto Prefecture (Arashiyama, Kitano and Eizan lines) and Fukui Prefecture (Echizen Electric Railway Line), with the dissolution of the Kyoto Dento to transfer the power-distribution business to the Kansai-haiden Power Distribution (関西配電) (a predecessor of the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.) and the Hokuriku-haiden Power Distribution (北陸配電) (a predecessor of the Hokuriku Electric Power Company), and the electric generation and transmission business to the Japan Electric Generation and Transmission Company (日本発送電) under the power distribution control law (配電統制令); in the same year, the collateral companies, the Kurama Electric Railway and the Mikuni Awara Electric Railway (三国芦原電鉄), were merged into the Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.

• また成立年代については、標記中に「従四位下籠名神」とあることから、籠神社が「従四位下」であった期間、すなわち貞観 (日本)13年（871年）6月8日 (旧暦)を上限とし、元慶元年（877年）12月14日 (旧暦)を下限とするが（『日本三代実録』）、下述「勘注系図」の注記にも貞観年中（859～77年）の成立とある。
• As for when the Hon-keizu was drawn up, it is speculated that from the words 'Jushiinoge Kono-myojin' (Kono-jinja Shrine, Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade) of the central phrase, it was drawn up between July 3, 871 and January 24, 878, when Kono-jinja Shrine was ranked as Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade (Reference: 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)), supported by a footnote in the 'Kanchu-keizu' (see below) that says it was drawn up during the Jogan era (859 to 877).

• 新井秀夫は、論文「「月夜見の持てるをち水」小考」（「日本文芸研究」1991年4月）において、民俗学の見地から、元旦に一年の邪気を払う「若水」を汲む行事が日本各地で多数採取されていること、そして『延喜式』『年中行事秘抄』や佚書『月舊記』などの文献に平安時代の年中行事として、立春の日に行われる「供若水」が見られることを指摘している。
• Hideo ARAI, in his paper, 'A Little Thought on 'Ochimizu that Tsukuyomi Has'' (in 'Nihon Bungei Kenkyu' (Japanese Literary Studies), April, 1991) pointed out from the standpoint of folklore that several rituals that obtain 'wakamizu,' which expels evil atmosphere for the year, are performed on New Year's Day in various localities in Japan, and that 'Wakamizu wo sonau' (offering of wakamizu) performed on the first day of spring as an annual event during the Heian period is observed in records such as 'The Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) 'Nenchu gyoji hisho' (record of annual events) and issho (lost book) '月舊記.'

• その年中に支払を受ける第百六十一条第八号イ又はハに掲げる給与又は報酬の額のうち次編第五章の規定の適用を受けない部分の金額（当該適用を受けない部分の金額のうちに前条に規定する退職手当等の額があり、かつ、当該退職手当等につき同条の選択をする場合には、当該退職手当等の額を除く。）及び当該金額につき第百七十条（税率）の規定を適用して計算した所得税の額
• Any part of the amount of pay or remuneration listed in Article 161(viii)(a) or (c) to be received within the relevant year, to which the provisions of Part IV, Chapter V shall not apply (in the case where the said part of the amount to which the said provisions shall not apply includes any amount of the retirement allowance, etc. prescribed in the preceding Article, and the nonresident opts for taxation under the said Article with respect to the said retirement allowance, etc., the amount of the said retirement allowance, etc. shall be excluded), and the amount of income tax calculated by applying the provision of Article 170 (Tax Rate) to the said part of the amount

• その年中に支払を受ける退職手当等につき次編第五章の規定により徴収された又は徴収されるべき所得税の額がある場合には、その所得税の額（当該退職手当等の額のうちに、その年の中途において国内に居所を有しないこととなつたことにより提出する前項の規定による申告書に記載すべき部分の金額がある場合には、当該金額につき第百七十条の規定を適用して計算した所得税の額を含む。）
• In the case where there is any amount of income tax that has been collected or is to be collected pursuant to the provisions of Part IV, Chapter V, with respect to the retirement allowance, etc. to be received within the relevant year, the said amount of income tax (in the case where any part of the amount of the said retirement allowance, etc. shall be stated in a return form to be filed pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph due to the fact that the person has ceased to have his/her residence in Japan before the end of the relevant year, the amount of income tax calculated by applying the provision of Article 170 to the said part of the amount shall be included)

• その目的や意義は、豊作の「五穀豊穣」を始め、「大漁追福」、「商売繁盛」、「疫病退散」、「無病息災」、「家内安全」、「安寧長寿」、「夫婦円満」、「子孫繁栄」、「祖先崇拝」、「豊楽万民」、「天下泰平」などを招福祈願、厄除祈念として行われるもの、またはそれらの成就に感謝して行われるもの、節句などの年中行事が発展して行われているもの、偉人の霊を慰めるために行われるものなど様々である。
• The purpose and meaning are diversified because some feasts are held for 'the productiveness of grain' for good harvests, and a prayer for good luck charm and prayer for warding off evil such as 'good catch and memorial service,' 'prosperous trade,' 'an attempt to secure protection from a plague,' 'state of perfect health,' 'safety of one's family,' 'peace and longevity,' 'harmonious marriage,' 'fertility and family prosperity,' 'ancestor worship,' 'abundance and joy to all people,' 'universal peace' and so on, some are held in appreciation for accomplishments of such prayers, some are held as a result of development of annual events such as Sekku and so on, or some are held to console spirits of great people.

• 令第二百九十七条第一項（退職所得の選択課税による還付）に規定する財務省令で定める事項は、その年中に支払を受ける法第百七十一条（退職所得についての選択課税）に規定する退職手当等で法第二百十二条第一項（源泉徴収義務）の規定により所得税を徴収されたものの支払者ごとの内訳、その支払の日及び場所、その徴収された所得税の額並びにその支払者の氏名又は名称及び住所若しくは居所又は本店若しくは主たる事務所の所在地とする。
• Matters specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Finance prescribed in Article 297, paragraph (1) (Refund Due to Taxation on Retirement Income at the Taxpayer's Election) of the Order shall be the breakdown by defrayer of the amount of retirement allowance, etc. prescribed in Article 171 (Taxation on Retirement Income at the Taxpayer's Election) of the Act to be received within the year, for which income tax has been collected pursuant to the provisions of Article 212, paragraph (1) (Withholding Liability) of the Act, the day and place of the payment, the amount of the collected income tax, the name of defrayers, and their domicile or residence or the location of the head office or principal office.

• 前年中に、油受取人の事業活動を支配する者があつた場合において、当該油受取人のタンカーから受け取つた特定油の合計量（当該支配する者がタンカーから受け取つた特定油があるときは、その合計量にその受取量を加算した量）が十五万トンを超えるときは、当該支配する者は、毎年、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、油受取人ごとにその受取量を国土交通大臣に報告しなければならない。この場合において、その報告に係る油受取人については、前項の規定は、適用しない。
• In the case there is a person who controls the business activities of the Oil Receiver during the previous year, if the total amount of Specified Oil received by the Oil Receiver from Tankers (if there is any Specified Oil the person who controls received from Tankers, the amount obtained by adding that amount to the total amount) exceeds 150,000 tons, the said person who controls shall report the amount of receipt for each Oil Receiver to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism each year as prescribed by an ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. In this case, the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the Oil Receiver pertaining to the report.

• なお、『年中行事絵巻』や、1895年（明治28年）京都市参事会によって編纂された『平安通志』には、単層の大極殿が描かれているが、大極殿殿舎は火災により2度も建て替えられており、970年（天禄元年）成立の『口遊（くちずさみ）』に「雲太、和二、京三」と見えるように、当初は出雲大社や奈良の東大寺大仏殿に匹敵する大建築であり、『年中行事絵巻』所載のものは1072年（延久4年）に建て替えられた姿で、本来は重層（2階建て）であったとも推測される。
• Although the Daigokuden is depicted as a single storey building in 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' and 'Heian Tsushi' (the history of Heian-kyo) compiled by the Counselor for Kyoto City in 1895, the original building had most likely been a two-storey massive structure comparable to Todai-ji Temple Daibutsuden (the house of the Great Buddha) in Nara or Izumo-taisha Shrine, as the expression 'Unta (Izumo taisha-Shrine as first), Wani (Todai-ji Temple Daibutsuden as second), and Kyosan (Heian-kyo Daigokuden as third)' is found in 'Kuchizusami' (folk poems) written in 970, because the main building of the Daigokuden was rebuilt twice following two fires, and 'Nenju Gyoji Emaki' depicts the Daigokuden rebuilt in 1072.

• 政令で定める原油及び重油であつて本邦内において荷揚げされるもの（以下この節において「特定油」という。）を前年中にタンカーから受け取つた者（他人のために特定油をタンカーから受け取つた者を除くものとし、その者に受け取らせた者を含む。以下「油受取人」という。）の前年中にタンカーから受け取つた特定油（自己のためにタンカーから受け取らせた特定油を含む。以下同じ。）の合計量が十五万トンを超えるときは、当該油受取人は、毎年、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、その受取量を国土交通大臣に報告しなければならない。
• As for the Crude Oil or Fuel Oil specified by a cabinet order that are discharged in Japan (hereinafter in this Section referred to as 'Specified Oil'), if the amount of Specified Oil received by a person (excluding the person who received Specified Oil from tankers on behalf of another person, but including the person who let another person to receive. Hereinafter referred to as 'Oil Receiver') from tankers during the previous year (including the Specified Oil which Oil Receiver let another person receive on his/her behalf. The same shall apply hereinafter.) exceeds 150,000 tons, the said Oil Receiver shall report the amount of receipt to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism each year as prescribed by an ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

• 竹内栖鳳― 『芙蓉』1882、『年中行事』1886、『池塘浪静』1887、『雲龍』1887、『遊鯉』1887、『宇野老人像』1895、『渓山秋月』1899、『散華』1910、『散華』1910、『熊』1910、『雨』1911、『絵になる最初』1913、『金魚の句』1913、『潮沙永日』1922、『酔興』1924、『馬に乗る狐』1924、『うな辺』1926、『雷公』1930、『松』1932、『水村』1934、『風竹野』1934、『風竹』1934、『驟雨一過』1935、『静閑』1935、『雄風』1940、『色紙十二ヶ月』1926-41、『八功徳水』、『冬瓜にねずみ』
• Seiho TAKEUCHI, 'Fuyo' (芙蓉) 1882, 'Nenju Gyoji' (年中行事) (Year-round Events) 1886, 'Chito Nami Shizuka' (池塘浪静) 1887, 'Unryu' (雲龍) 1887, 'Yuri' (遊鯉) 1887, 'Uno Rojin Zo' (宇野老人像) (A Portrait of an Old Man in Uno) 1895, 'Keizan Shugetsu' (渓山秋月) 1899, 'Sange' (散華) 1910, 'Kuma' (熊) (Bear) 1910, 'Ame' (雨) (Rain) 1911, 'E ni Naru Saisho' (絵になる最初) 1913, 'Kingyo no Ku' (金魚の句) (A Poem of Gold Fish) 1913, 'Chosha Eijitsu' (潮沙永日) 1922, 'Suikyo' (酔興) 1924, 'Uma ni Noru Kitsune' (馬に乗る狐) (A Fox on a Horse) 1924, 'Unabe' (うな辺) 1926, 'Raiko' (雷公) 1930, 'Matsu' (松) (Pine Tree) 1932, 'Suison' (水村) 1934, 'Fuchiku Ya' (風竹野) 1934, 'Fuchiku' (風竹) 1934, 'Shuu Ikka' (驟雨一過) 1935, 'Seikan' (静閑) (Calmness) 1935, 'Yu Fu' (雄風) 1940, 'Shikishi Juni ka Getsu' (色紙十二ヶ月) 1926-1941, 'Hachi Kudoku Sui' (八功徳水), 'Togan ni Nezumi' (冬瓜にねずみ) (Winter Melon and a Mouse)

• 第百六十九条（課税標準）に規定する非居住者が第百六十一条第八号ハ（居住者として行つた勤務に基因する退職手当等）の規定に該当する退職手当等（第三十条第一項（退職所得）に規定する退職手当等をいう。以下この節において同じ。）の支払を受ける場合には、その者は、前条の規定にかかわらず、当該退職手当等について、その支払の基因となつた退職（その年中に支払を受ける当該退職手当等が二以上ある場合には、それぞれの退職手当等の支払の基因となつた退職）を事由としてその年中に支払を受ける退職手当等の総額を居住者として受けたものとみなして、これに第三十条及び第八十九条（税率）の規定を適用するものとした場合の税額に相当する金額により所得税を課されることを選択することができる。
• Where a nonresident prescribed in Article 169 (Tax Base) receives payment of a retirement allowance, etc. (meaning the retirement allowance, etc. prescribed in Article 30(1) (Retirement Income); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) that falls under the provision of Article 161(viii)(c) (Retirement Allowance, etc. Arising from Work Carried out in the Capacity of Resident), the nonresident may, notwithstanding the provision of the preceding Article, opt for imposition of taxation on himself/herself of income tax based on the amount equivalent to the tax amount calculated by deeming that he/she has received, in the capacity of a resident, the total amount of the retirement allowance, etc. to be received within the relevant year by reason of the retirement causing the payment of the said retirement allowance, etc. (in the case where there is more than one retirement allowance, etc. to be received within the relevant year, by reason of the respective retirement causing the payment of each retirement allowance, etc.), and applying the provisions of Article 30 and Article 89 (Tax Rate) to the said total amount.

• 法第四十条の四第一項の規定によりその総収入金額に算入されることとなる課税対象留保金額に係る雑所得の金額の計算上必要経費に算入すべき金額は、居住者がその有する特定外国子会社等の株式等（当該居住者が当該特定外国子会社等に係る間接保有の株式等（同条第二項第三号に規定する間接に有するものとして政令で定める外国法人の株式の数又は出資の金額をいう。）を有する場合における当該間接保有の株式等に係る外国法人の株式等（当該居住者が有するものに限るものとし、当該居住者に係る特定外国子会社等の株式等に該当するものを除く。）を含む。以下この項において同じ。）を取得するために要した負債の利子でその年中に支払うものの額のうちその年においてその者がその有する当該特定外国子会社等の株式等を有していた期間に対応する部分の金額の合計額（当該合計額が同条第一項の規定により当該雑所得に係る収入金額とみなされる金額を超える場合には、当該収入金額とみなされる金額の合計額に相当する金額）とする。
• The amount that should be included in the necessary expenses for calculating the amount of miscellaneous income pertaining to the taxable retained income to be included in the gross revenue pursuant to the provisions of Article 40-4, paragraph (1) of the Act shall be the sum of the interest on liabilities incurred by a resident in acquiring the shares, etc. of a specified foreign subsidiary, etc. (including the shares, etc. of a foreign corporation pertaining to the shares, etc. indirectly held by said resident in the case where he/she indirectly holds the shares, etc. pertaining to said specified foreign subsidiary, etc. (such shares, etc. indirectly held shall mean the number of shares or the amount of capital contributions of a foreign corporation specified by Cabinet Order as those held indirectly as prescribed in Article 40-4, paragraph (2), item (iii) of the Act) (such shares, etc. of a specified foreign subsidiary, etc. shall be limited to those held by said resident and shall exclude those falling under the category of the shares, etc. in said resident's specified foreign subsidiary, etc.); hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) which are to be paid for a period of the year during which said resident held said shares, etc. of the specified foreign subsidiary, etc. (where said sum exceeds the amount deemed to be revenue pertaining to said miscellaneous income under the provisions of paragraph (1) of said Article, such amount shall be that equivalent to the sum of the amounts deemed to be said revenue).