年: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 紀年論
- Kinenron (a way of counting years)
- 享年79
- He was 79 years old.
- 同年没?
- In the same year he passed away?
- 年齢矛盾
- Discrepancies in age
- 生没年未詳。
- Year of birth and death unknown.
- 成立年代不詳。
- The year of creation is unknown.
- 没年記載なし。
- The year of death is not described.
- 源氏より年上。
- She is older than Genji.
- 作者・成立年代
- Who wrote it and when
- 1867年憲法法
- Constitution Act 1867 (which established Canada)
- 紀年・暦年の構成
- The framework of calendars
- 翌年には正三位。
- The following year he reached Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).
- 1945年刊行。
- It was published in 1945.
- 編纂年の時代背景
- The background of the time of its compilation
- 画風・作者・年代
- Painting style, author, date
- 文化12年完成。
- The book was completed in the following year.
- 刊行年文化十三年。
- The year of publication is 1816.
- 漢文・編年体をとる。
- It takes the form of classical Chinese and is in chronological order.
- 従四位上、享年57。
- At the time of her death, at age 57, she had reached the Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade).
- 著者、成立年代、不詳。
- The author and the year of creation are unknown.
- 没年、御年の記載なし。
- The year and the age of death are not described.
- The year and age of death are not described.
- The and the age of death are not described.
- 年変って、朱雀帝退位。
- The following year, Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne.
- 応和~康保年間成立か。
- It was probably written in the period between the Owa era and the Koho era.
- 小説総論(1886年)
- Shosetsu soron (General theory of the novel, 1886)
- 寛永19年の刊本がある。
- There is a printed book of the tale published in 1642.
- 成立年、作者ともに不詳。
- Both the year of completion and the author are unknown.
- 第8巻、2006年3月。
- Volume eight, March 2006.
- 第4巻、2005年3月。
- Volume four, March 2005.
- 第5巻、2005年9月。
- Volume five, September 2005.
- 第3巻、2005年3月。
- Volume three, March 2005.
- 第1巻、2005年1月。
- Volume one, January 2005.
- 第2巻、2005年1月。
- Volume two, January 2005.
- 編年体、漢文表記である。
- It was arranged in chronological order and written in classical Chinese.
- (薫24歳8月から年末)
- (Kaoru, age 24, from August to the year's end)
- 編年体、漢文、全10巻。
- It was written in an annalistic style, in Sino-Japanese (kanbun), and comprised 10 volumes.
- 編年体全二十巻からなる。
- It consists of 20 volumes in annalistic style.
- 第7巻、2005年12月。
- Volume seven, December 2005.
- 第6巻、2005年11月。
- Volume six, November 2005.
- 丁丑の年の七月崩りましき。
- He died in July in the year of Hinoto-Ushi (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- (源氏52歳正月から年末)
- (Genji, age 52, from New Year's day to the New Year's Eve)
- 翌年の春、藤壺が男子出産。
- In the following spring Fujitsubo gives birth to a baby boy.
- ※日付は明治4年までは旧暦
- * Dates are according to the old lunar calendar up to 1871.
- NB: Dates are in the old calendar until Meiji 4
- The dates until 1871 are according to the old lunar calendar.
- Dates are described according to the old calendar until the fourth year of the Meiji period.
- 乞食(1909年、彩雲閣)
- Kojiki (literally, 'Beggars,' 1909, Saiunkaku)
- 翌年4月、大君は女宮を出産。
- In April of the following year, Oigimi gave birth to an onna miya (Japanese imperial princess).
- 露団々(1890年、金港堂)
- Tsuyu dandan (Kinko-do, 1890)
- 天武天皇4年1月5日生まれ。
- Imperial Prince Toneri was born on February 8, 675.
- 其面影(1907年、春陽堂)
- Sono Omokage (An Adopted Husband, 1907, Shunyodo)
- かた恋(1896年、春陽堂)
- Katakoi (Unanswered Love, 1896, Shunyodo)
- 世界語(1906年、彩雲閣)
- Sekai-go (a book about Esperanto, 1906, Saiunkaku)
- 血笑記(1908年、易風社)
- Kesshoki (The Red Laugh, 1908, Ekifusha)
- 同年閏12月16日に薨去した。
- He died that same year, on the sixteenth day of the intercalary twelfth month.
- 年齢は40歳ほどだったという。
- He was just 40 years old when he died.
- 平清盛の晩年に従五位下に任官。
- In TAIRA no Kiyomori's latter days, he was given Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 昭和3年、新興歌人連盟が発足。
- In 1928, the Shinko Kajin Renmei (literally, the Emerging Poets' League) was established.
- 潮待ち草(1906年、東亜堂)
- Shiomachi-gusa (Grass Waiting for the Tide) (Toa-do, 1906)
- 663年に九州の那大津で誕生。
- In 663, born in Nanootsu in the Kyushu region.
- つゝを枕(1904年、金港堂)
- Tsutsuo makura (Woodfelling, 1904, Kinkodo)
- カルコ集(1907年、春陽堂)
- Karuko shu (1907, Shunyodo)
- 延応元年(1239)以降の成立。
- It may have appeared in 1239 or later.
- 甲辰の年の四月六日に崩りましき。
- He passed away on April 6 in the year of Kinoe-Tatsu (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 丁未の年の四月九日に崩りましき。
- He died on April 9, in the year of Hinoto-Hitsuji (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 乙卯の年の三月十三に崩りましき。
- He passed away on March 13, in the year of Kinoto-U (one of the Oriental Zodiacs)
- 己巳の年の八月九日に崩りましき。
- He died on August 9, in the year of Tsuchinoto-Mi (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 甲午の年の九月九日に崩りましき。
- He died on September 9, in the year of Kinoe-Ushi (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 壬申の年の正月三日に崩りましき。
- He died on January 3, in the year of Mizunoe-Saru (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 成立年代や筆者はそれぞれ異なる。
- The pieces were written by different authors at various times.
- 治承年間(1180年前後)の作。
- It was completed in the Jisho era (around 1180).
- 1991年、講談社KK文庫発行。
- KK paperback library, Kodansha Ltd., published in 1991
- 1953年製作、日本の映画作品。
- It is a Japanese movie made in 1953.
- 翌年に筑紫を発し、唐に漂着した。
- The envoy departed from Chikushi and arrived in Tang.
- この年は物語のなかに記述がない。
- There is no description about this year in the tale.
- 翌年の秋、玉鬘は髭黒の子を生む。
- The following autumn, Tamakazura bears Higekuro a child.
- 女性の手になる編年体物語風史書。
- An annalistic, story-like history written by a woman
- 風流仏(1889年、吉岡書籍店)
- Furyu butsu (Yoshioka Shoseki-ten, 1889)
- 『童話 環の一年間』(和泉書院)
- 'Dowa Tamaki no ichinenkan' (Nursery story: A year of Tamaki' (Izumi-shoin publishing)
- 文武3年、母や兄に先立って死去。
- Prince Yuge died in 699 before his mother and older brother.
- 後年の研究者によって分類された。
- It was classified by the scholar in later years.
- 『繁千話』(1790年)山東京伝
- 'Shige Shige Chiwa' (1790) by Kyoden SANTO
- 世界語読本(1906年、彩雲閣)
- Sekai-go tokuhon (an Esperanto primer, 1906, Saiunkaku)
- 寛永20年に死去、38歳であった。
- She passed away in 1643, at the age of 38.
- 丁未の年の四月十五日に崩りましき。
- He passed away on April 15, in the year of Hinoto-Hitsuji (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 壬戌の年の六月十一日に崩りましき。
- He died on June 11, in the year of Mizunoe-Inu (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 乙卯の年の三月十五日に崩りましき。
- He died on March 15, in the year of Kinoto-U (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 皇后は御年一百歳にして崩りましき。
- She passed away at the age of 100.
- 甲乙の年の正月十五日に崩りましき。
- He died on January 15, in the year of Kotsu.
- 丁卯の年の八月十五日に崩りましき。
- He died on August 15 in the year of Hinoto-U (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 1313年ごろまでに成立した模様。
- It seems to have been completed by approximately 1313.
- 枕頭山水(1893年9月、博文館)
- Chinto Sansui (A Travelogue) (Hakubun-kan, September 1893)
- 『古契三娼』(1787年)山東京伝
- 'Kokei no sansho' (Three Madams and Their Dirty Tale, 1787) by Kyoden SANTO
- 『通言総籬』(1787年)山東京伝
- 'Tsugen Somagaki' (Stars of the Brothel, 1787) by Kyoden SANTO
- こうして、海神の元で三年間暮した。
- Thus Hoori lived with the sea god for three years.
- 仁治3年9月3日、80歳で薨去した。
- On October 5 1242, he passed away at the age of eighty.
- 夫の単身赴任そして康平元年秋の病死。
- Then comes the description of her husband's relocating to a new post without taking his family, and his death from illness in the autumn of 1058.
- 壬子の年の十一月十三日に崩りましき。
- He passed away on January 13, in the year of Mizunoe-Ne (one of the Oriental Zodiac).
- He passed away on November 13, in the year of Mizunoe-Ne (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 唯一筆者と成立年代が確認されている。
- It is the only story whose author and year of writing are identified.
- 翌々年、源氏の邸宅六条院が完成する。
- Two years later, Genji's residence, known as Rokujo estate, is completed.
- 貞享2年 (1685) 『出世景清』
- 'Shusse Kagekiyo' (Kagekiyo Victorious) in 1685
- 継体天皇については元年と二五年にある。
- As to the Emperor Keitai, it is described in the first and the 25th year of his enthronement.
- 鴨脚本(嘉禎本) 1236年写 第2巻
- The Icho book (the original copy of the Icho family) (the Katei book (the Katei original copy)) copied in 1236, the second volume
- その翌年には左近衛少将と累進を重ねた。
- And in the year after that, he added to his titles by being promoted to Sakone no Shosho (Major-General o the Imperial Left Guard).
- 980年代天王寺別当をつとめたという。
- In the 980s, he served the Tenno-ji Temple as betto (the head priest).
- 物語は光源氏の死後数年後からはじまる。
- The tale begins with a scene several years after Hikaru Genji's death.
- 正暦元年12月に死去したと伝えられる。
- He passed away in December 990.
- 昭和10年、北原白秋が「多磨」を創刊。
- In 1935, Hakushu KITAHARA started publishing the 'Tama' magazine.
- 平家物語という題名は後年の呼称である。
- The title of Heike Monogatari was put by posterity.
- 編年体、漢文、全40巻(現存10巻)。
- Written in Chinese, it was arranged in chronological order and comprised 40-volumes, 10 of which are extant.
- 没年は不明で、墓所が各地に伝承される。
- The year of her death is unknown, and there are some graves of her in various areas.
- ※日付=明治5年12月2日までは旧暦。
- *Dates = according to the lunar calendar until December 2, 1872
- 治承年間(1177~1181)の成立。
- It was written during the Jisho period (1177-1181).
- 929年(延長7)9月、右京亮に転任。
- In September 929, he was transferred to Ukyoryo.
- 918年(延喜18)2月、美濃介兼任。
- February 918: He was also appointed Minosuke.
- 930年(延長8)1月、土佐守に遷任。
- January 930: He was appointed Governor of Tosa Province.
- 940年(天慶3)3月、玄蕃頭に任官。
- March 940: He was appointed Genba no Kami.
- 新羽衣物語(1897年8月、村井商会)
- Shin Hagoromo-monogatari (Murai-shokai, August 1897)
- 普通文章論(1980年10月、博文館)
- Futsu bunsho-ron (On Ordinary Prose) (Hakubun-kan, October 1980)
- 冬の日記抄(1924年9月、岩波書店)
- Fuyu no Hi Sho (A Commentary on Basho's Winter Days) (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, September 1924)
- 小品十種(1908年6月、成功雑誌社)
- Shohin Jusshu (Ten Short Essays) (Seiko-zasshisha, June 1908)
- 蝸牛庵夜譚(1907年11月、春陽堂)
- Kagyuan Yobanashi (Night Stories by Kagyuan) (Shunyo-do, November 1907)
- 享保6年 (1721) 『女殺油地獄』
- 'Onnagoroshi Abura no Jigoku' (The Woman-killer and the Hell of Oil) in 1721
- 享保4年 (1719) 『平家女護島』
- 'Heike Nyogo ga Shima' (The Heike and the Island of Women) in 1719
- 享保5年 (1720) 『心中天網島』
- 'Shinju Ten no Amijima' (The Love Suicide at Amijima) in 1720
- 正徳5年 (1715) 『国性爺合戦』
- 'Kokusenya Kassen' (The Battles of Coxinga) in 1715
- 毎年正月に刊行されるのが通例であった。
- It was customarily published every New Year.
- 同年に内閣官報局の官吏となり筆を折る。
- In 1889, he started working as an official of the Cabinet Official Gazette Bureau, and gave up writing.
- しかしそれには20数年分の欠落があった。
- However it was missing twenty years or more worth of parts.
- 923年(延喜23)2月、大監物に遷任。
- February 923: He was appointed Daikenmotsu (duty).
- 910年(延喜10)2月、少内記に遷任。
- February 910: He was appointed Shonaiki.
- 913年(延喜13)4月、大内記に転任。
- April 913: He was transferred to Dainaiki.
- 蝸牛庵日記(1949年8月、中央公論社)
- Kagyuan Nikki (The Diary of Kagyuan) (Chuo Koronsha, August 1949)
- 『遊子方言』(1770年)田舎老人多田爺
- 'Yushi Hogen' (The Rake's Patois, 1770) by Inaka Rojin Tada no Jiji (Just an Old Man in Countryside)
- 『傾城買二筋道』(1798年)梅暮里谷蛾
- 'Keisei-kai Futasujimichi' (Two Different Ways of Buying a Courtesan, 1798) by Kokuga UMEBORI
- 『傾城買四十八手』(1790年)山東京伝
- 'Keisei-kai Shijuhatte' (The Forty-Eight Grips in Buying a Whore, 1790) by Kyoden SANTO
- 『傾城買虎之巻』(1778年)田にし金魚
- 'Keiseikai Tora no maki ' (1778) by Tanishi Kingyo
- 元禄16年 (1703) 『曽根崎心中』
- 'Sonezaki Shinju' (Love suicides of Sonezaki) in 1703
- 『金々先生栄花夢』(1775年)恋川春町
- 'Kinkin sensei eigano yume' (1775) by Harumachi KOIKAWA
- 『江戸生艶気樺焼』(1785年)山東京伝
- 'Edo umare uwaki no kabayaki' (broiled eel, edo born dandy) (1785) by Kyoden SANTO
- 『鸚鵡返文武二道』(1789年)恋川春町
- 'Omugaeshi bunbu no futamichi' (parroting the double path of literary and military arts) (1789) by Harumachi KOIKAWA
- うき草(浮草)(1908年、金尾文淵堂)
- Ukikusa (Rudin, 1908, Kaneo Bunendo)
- 土居健郎『続「甘え」の構造』 2001年
- 'The Anatomy of Dependence Revisited' by Takeo DOI, 2001
- 図書寮本(書陵部本) 1346年写 第2巻
- Zushoryo version (Book stock of Shoryo department) copied in 1346, the second volume
- 902年(延喜2)1月26日、参議に補任。
- January 26, 902: He was appointed a Sangi (Director of Palace Affairs).
- 源氏は最後の新年を迎えるための準備をした。
- Genji prepares for his last New Year.
- 貞観 (日本)年間、園城寺神祀別当となる。
- He became the betto (head priest) for rituals of Onjo-ji Temple during the Jogan era (Japan).
- 紫式部は娘時代の約2年を父の任国で過ごす。
- Murasaki Shikibu, during her childhood, spent two years in the place of her father's assignment.
- 五歳年上の宗右衛門が兄、左門が弟となった。
- Soemon, being five years older than Samon, becomes an older brother, and Samon becomes a younger brother.
- 906年(延喜6)2月、越前権少掾に任官。
- February 906: He was appointed Echizen Gonnoshojo.
- 921年宇多法皇の春目の参詣に歌を詠んだ。
- In 921 he composed a waka on Cloistered Emperor Uda's pilgrimage to Kasuga.
- 春の日・曠野抄(1927年6月、岩波書店)
- Haru no Hi/Arano Sho (A Commentary on Basho's Spring Days and Wasteland) (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, June 1927)
- その年の秋に中宮に立后する(「紅葉賀」)。
- She became chugu ('Momiji no Ga '- The Autumn Excursion) in autumn of the same year.
- 炭俵・続猿蓑抄(1930年1月、岩波書店)
- Sumidawara/Zoku Sarumino Sho (A Commentary on Basho's A Sack of Charcoal/The Monkey's Raincoat, Continued) (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, January 1930)
- 『異素六帖』(1757年)无々道人沢田東江
- 'Iso Rokujo' (Six Booklets of Exotic Elements, 1757) by 无々道人, another name for Toko SAWADA
- 享保元年 (1716) に母の喜里が死去。
- His mother, Kisato, died in 1716.
- しかし翌年1月には義仲が敗死したことで復官。
- But with Yoshinaka's defeat and death in the first month of the following year, Sanesada was restored to his position.
- 907年(延喜7)1月13日、讃岐守を兼任。
- January 13, 907: He was named the Governor of Sanuki Province (Sanuki no kami).
- 一代要記(いちだいようき)は、年代記の一つ。
- Ichidai Yoki is one of the chronicles.
- 900年(昌泰3)5月15日、左大弁に遷任。
- May 15, 900: He was selected for the post of Sadaiben (Major Controller of the Left).
- 884年(元慶8)5月26日、讃岐掾に転任。
- May 26, 884: He was transferred to the post of Third Officer of Sanuki.
- 886年(仁和2)1月16日、少外記に遷任。
- January 16, 886: He was appointed shogaiki (lesser officer of official documents).
- 890年(寛平2)1月28日、図書頭に転任。
- January 28, 890: He was transferred to the post of zusho no kami (head of the documents office).
- 899年(昌泰2)2月11日、右大弁に転任。
- February 11, 899: He was promoted to Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right).
- 891年(寛平3)3月9日、文章博士に遷任。
- March 9, 891: He was appointed monjo hakase (Chief Court Calligrapher).
- 892年(寛平4)1月26日、尾張介を兼任。
- January 26, 892: He was simultaneously appointed the Suke (high-ranking officer) of Owari Province.
- 没年も1050年や1058年の説があり不詳。
- His year of death is not known, and some people say that it was 1050, while others say it was 1058.
- 昭和30年代になると前衛短歌運動がおこった。
- During the late 1950's and early 1960's, the avant-garde movement for tanka poetry begins.
- 作者・成立年代も不明で、諸説入り乱れている。
- Neither the author nor the date of writing is known, and opposing theories abound.
- さらに1890年には『国民新聞』を発刊した。
- Minyu-sha also began publishing 'Kokumin Shinbun' (newspaper) in 1890.
- 年明けて六条院の優雅な初春の情景が描かれる。
- The New Year has come and elegant new year celebrations at the Rokujo estate are depicted.
- 913年(延喜13)、『亭子院歌合』に参加。
- 913: He joined 'Teiji-in no Uta Awase.'
- 1904年(明治37)4月18日、贈従二位。
- April 18, 1904: He was granted Junii (Junior Second Rank).
- 943年(天慶6)1月7日、従五位上に昇叙。
- January 7, 943: He was promoted to the rank of Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade).
- 紫野 - 応徳3年1086年白河天皇が退位。
- Murasakino: Emperor Shirakawa's abdication in 1086
- 『今昔物語集』の成立年代と作者は不明である。
- It is still unclear when and by whom 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past' was compiled.
- ひさご・猿蓑抄(1929年12月、岩波書店)
- Hisago/Sarumino Sho (A Commentary on Basho's The Gourd and The Monkey's Raincoat) (Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, December 1929)
- ここで長年のライバル・紫の上と対面を果たす。
- At that time, she finally met her rival of many years, Lady Murasaki, in person.
- 或る年の菊の宴の夜、彼女と肉体関係を持った。
- In the night of kikunoutage (literally, party of the chrysanthemum) in a undesignated year, he made love with her.
- 『文武二道万石通』(1788年)朋誠堂喜三二
- 'Bunbu nido mangoku toshi' (the ten thousand stones on the double path of learning and the martial arts) (1788) by Kisanji HOSEIDO
- 平凡 (小説)(1908年、文淵堂、如才堂)
- Heibon (Mediocrity, 1908, Bunendo and 如才堂)
- 天暦10年(956)に藤原師輔が遭遇したもの。
- The one that FUJIWARA no Morosuke came across in 956.
- 明徳年間に高倉永行が写したものの転写本である。
- It is a text transferred from one hand-copied by Nagayuki TAKAKURA in the Meitoku era
- 卜部兼方本(弘安本) 1286年写 第1,2巻
- The original copy of Kanekata URABE (the Koan book) copied in 1286, the first and second volumes
- 卜部兼夏本(乾元本) 1303年写 第1,2巻
- The original copy of Kanenatsu URABE (the Kengen book) copied in 1303, the first and second volumes
- 911年(延喜11)1月13日、中納言に遷任。
- January 13, 911: He was selected for the post of Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).
- 897年(寛平9)5月25日、式部大輔に転任。
- May 25, 897: He was transferred to the post of Shikibu taifu (Chief Judge of the Ministry of Civil Services).
- 893年(寛平5)2月21日、式部少輔に遷任。
- February 21, 893: He was selected for the post of Shiiubu shofu (First Associate Judge of the Ministry of Civil Services).
- 1769年に唐衣橘洲の屋敷で狂歌会が開かれた。
- In1769, the first Kyoka gathering was held on the premises of Kisshu KARAGOROMO.
- 紫の上が世を去り、また新しい年がめぐってきた。
- Murasaki no ue passed away, and the new year has come.
- 一条天皇の代、寛弘三年(1006)頃の成立か。
- It is said to have been compiled around 1006, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo.
- 同年9月11日に大野は配流先にて憤死している。
- On October 6th of the same year, Ono died in the place of exile.
- 「若菜」の上下のあいだには七年分の空白がある。
- Between the first and second volume of Wakana, there is a blank of seven years.
- 907年(延喜7)2月27日、内膳典膳に遷任。
- February 27, 907: He was transferred to Naizen and Tenzen.
- 917年(延喜17)1月7日、従五位下に叙位。
- January 7, 917: He was granted the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 945年(天慶8)3月28日、木工権頭に遷任。
- March 28, 945: He was appointed Moku no Gon no Kami.
- 作中の年次などが史実に近い点などに特徴がある。
- It is a characteristic of this line that the years appearing in the work are approximate to the historical facts.
- 鞍馬天狗を小父さんと慕う少年(実は、女の子)。
- a boy (actually a girl) who loved Kurama Tengu calling him pop.
- 孝徳天皇は同年の12月9日に都を難波宮に移す。
- Emperor Kotoku moved the capital to the Naniwa no miya (Naniwa Palace) on January 4, 646.
- 東宮の死後、年下の光源氏と恋愛関係におちいる。
- After the crown prince's death, she fell in love with Hikaru Genji who was younger than her.
- 「賢木」で病が重くなり、源氏23歳の年に崩御。
- His sickness got worse in the chapter 'Sakaki' (The Green Branch), and he passed away when Genji was 23.
- 1956年、『新潮』1月号から10月号に連載。
- It was published serially in 'Shincho' from January to October 1956.
- 『永禄十一年記』(一巻):永禄十一年部分のみ。
- 'Eiroku Juichinen Ki' (1 volume): the part of year 1586 only.
- 村島定行『日本の未来を拓く』牧歌舎 2007年
- 'Creating a Future of Japan' by Sadayuki MURASHIMA, Bokkasha Co., Ltd., 2007
- 正中二年七夕御会和歌懐紙(12通)1帖-鎌倉時代
- One section of pocket papers (12 sheets) used in the waka party on Tanabata (the star festival on the seventh day of the seventh month) in the second year of the Shochu era (in the Kamakura period, about 1325).
- 元徳二年七夕御会和歌懐紙(24通)1帖-鎌倉時代
- One section of pocket papers (24 sheets) used in the waka party on Tanabata in the second year of the Gentoku era (in the Kamakura period, about 1330).
- 876年(貞観_(日本)18)春、文章生となる。
- Spring of 876: He became a student at the Daigaku (Academy).
- 888年(仁和4)11月25日、従五位下に叙位。
- November 25, 888: He was invested into the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 成立は鎌倉時代初期(1195年頃)と推定される。
- It is inferred that it was completed at the beginning of the Kamakura period (around 1195).
- ―60年安保闘争・70年前後の学園紛争を詠んだ歌
- Poems composed on the conflict over the Japan-US Security Treaty in 1960 and the campus disturbances around 1970.
- さて年ごろふるほどに、女、親なくたよりなくなる。
- Years went by, the woman's parents passed away, and life became hard.
- 光源氏52歳の正月から十二月の晦日までの一年間。
- Hikaru Genji, age 52, stories from the New Year to the last day of December.
- 和銅五年正月二十八日 正五位上勲五等太朝臣安萬侶
- Shogoinojo (Senior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) the fifth order of Merit, O no Ason Yasumaro, January 28, 712.
- 翌年の春、藤壺が薨去し、源氏の悲哀はかぎりない。
- The following spring, Fujitsubo passes away, and Genji feels the extremely sorrowful.
- 成立年は15世紀末から16世紀中ごろと諸説ある。
- There are various theories about when it was written, ranging from the end of the 15th century to the mid-16th century.
- 翌4年秋に披講・評定され、同年に加判が終了した。
- The autumn in the following year, 1193, the poems were recited in public and judged, and the writing up of the assessments of the poems was completed the same year.
- 尾崎紅葉や上田萬年、狩野亨吉らと同級生であった。
- He was a classmate of Koyo OZAKI, Kazutoshi UEDA, and Kokichi KANO.
- 翌年、上野戦争が起こったため、浅草諏訪町に移る。
- A year after his birth the Battle of Ueno took place, and his family moved to Suwa-cho, Asakusa.
- - 少年や女性向けで、芝居の筋書きを書いたもの。
- Synopses of a play written for boys and women.
- 元禄16年 (1703)、『曽根崎心中』を発表。
- 'Sonezaki Shinju' was released in 1703.
- 五言詩はその後数百年にわたり漢詩の中心になった。
- For several hundred years after that, five-syllable poetry were mainstream kanshi.
- 正徳 (日本)元年 (1711) 『冥途の飛脚』
- 'Meido no Hikyaku' (The Courier for Hades) in 1711
- そこで1886年1月に退学届けを出し同校を中退。
- In the end, in January 1886, he submitted an application for withdrawal from school and left without graduating.
- 熱田本 1375~7年写 第1~10,12~15巻
- Atsuta's book (the original copy of the Atsuta-jingu Shrine) copied from 1375 to 1377, the 1 to 10th and 12 to 15th volumes
- 年の暮れの雪の日、宇治を訪れた薫は大君と対面する。
- One snowy day, at the end of the year, Kaoru visits Uji and sees Oigimi (oldest sister).
- 各巻は、年代順や部類別、国別などに配列されている。
- The volumes are organized systematically, such as in chronological order, or according to categories or provinces.
- 『甲駅新話』(1775年)山手馬鹿人大田南畝という
- 'Koeki Shinwa' (1775) by Yamanote Bakahito (literally, Uptown Idiot), who is regarded as Nanpo OTA
- 自筆本が現存し、1995年に重要文化財に指定された。
- The manuscript in his own hand is extant, and was designated an Important Cultural Property in 1995.
- 2008年春に、岩波文庫(岩佐正訳注)が復刊された。
- In the spring of 2008, the anthology was republished in the Iwanami Bunko edition (annotated by Tadashi IWASA).
- 年が明けて二十三日、源氏の四十の賀が盛大に行われる。
- The new year has come, and on the 23rd day, a celebration to commemorate Genji's fortieth birthday is held on a large scale.
- 喜撰(生没年不詳、伝不詳)は平安時代初期の僧・歌人。
- Kisen (years of birth and death unknown, tradition unknown) was a priest and kajin in the early Heian period.
- なお、朝鮮は1897年に大韓帝国と国号を改めている。
- Korea renamed itself to the Korean Empire in 1897.
- 1895年7月になって、朝鮮の郵便事業は再開された。
- Korean postal service was resumed in July 1895.
- 翌年春、海辺に源氏が上巳の禊を行うと天に嵐がおこる。
- In the following spring on March 3, a storm strikes the beach where Genji is performing his ablutions.
- 翌年夏、源氏は朧月夜との密会を右大臣に見つけられる。
- The next summer, Genji's secret meeting with Oborozukiyo is discovered by the Udaijin.
- 「夜会」Vol.5(1993年)(中島みゆきの舞台)
- Evening Party' Vol. 5 (1993) (a play by Miyuki NAKAJIMA)
- 運命(1919年、雑誌『改造 (雑誌)』4月創刊号)
- Unmei (in the Kaizo (journal), vol. 1, April Issue, 1919)
- 6年後、帝が変わり斎宮の任期が終わると京に戻り出家。
- Six years later, when a new emperor came to power and the term of the Itsukinomiya expired, she returned to Kyoto and became a nun.
- 年をとってはいるが、色好みの高級女官として登場する。
- She appears in the tale as a high-ranking court lady who is lustful, though she is old.
- 成立は945年だが、その翌年には後晋が滅びてしまう。
- It was completed in 945, and the following year the Later Jin Dynasty came to an end.
- 完成2年後の文化14年(1817年)に85歳で死去。
- Two years after the completion, Genpaku died at the age of 85.
- 承久記は異本が多く、諸本によって成立年代には差がある。
- There are many variant manuscripts of Jokyuki, and the year of completion is different among them.
- 永長年間(1096-1097年)に平安京で大流行した。
- It became very popular in Heiankyo (the former capital of Japan) during the Eicho era (1096-1097).
- このあたりの年次は実年代を反映しているとも考えられる。
- It can also be thought that the date around this period reflected the real date.
- 開講から終講までに数年を要するほどの長期講座であった。
- It was a long course which took several years from the beginning to the last lecture.
- 地下(じげ)の歌人であり、歌壇での活躍は晩年であった。
- He was one of the few poets who was not a courtier, and his activities with poetry circles did not enter full swing until his final years.
- 安法(あんぽう生没年不詳)は、平安時代中期の僧・歌人。
- Anpo (dates of birth and death unknown) was a priest and a poet who lived during the mid-Heian period.
- 翌年、大君の喪があけて中の君は匂宮のもとに引取られる。
- The following year, the period of mourning for Oigimi ended, and Naka no Kimi is taken in by Niou Miya.
- 以下に過去の書紀講筵(年次は開講の時期)の概要を示す。
- The summary of the past Shoki-koen (each year shows the year of lecture) is as follows.
- 元暦二年(1185)七月九日、大きな地震が都を襲った。
- On July 9, 1185, a big earthquake hit the capital.
- 天元 (日本)元年頃(978年?)出生とするのが通説。
- The generally accepted theory puts her birth around 978.
- もっとも古いものは文暦2年の定家筆写時の鑑定であろう。
- The oldest would be the appraisal made by Sadaie in 1235, when he copied the manuscript.
- 『古都』(こと)は、川端康成の昭和30年代前半の小説。
- 'Koto' is a novel written by Yasunari KAWABATA between 1950 and 1955.
- 元は岡山県の安住院に伝来し、1950年に国有となった。
- This scroll was stored originally in Anju-in Temple in Okayama Prefecture and came into the possession of the national government in 1950.
- 17歳年長説に拠れば、「賢木」の巻時点で40歳となる。
- According to the view that she was seventeen older, she would be forty years old at the time of the volume of 'Sakaki.'
- 今上帝 (源氏物語)に譲位するまで18年、世を治めた。
- Until he abdicated the throne in favor of Kinjo no Mikado, he had ruled the country for 18 years.
- 良暹(りょうぜん生没年不詳)は、平安時代中期の僧・歌人。
- Ryozen (dates of birth and death unknown) was a monk and a poet who lived during the mid-Heian period.
- 後者は万治二年板本で、挿絵入りで、内閣文庫他に現存する。
- The best example of the latter lineage is the Manji Ninen Han Bon ('the version published in Manji 2,' or in other words the 1659 edition) an illustrated version which can still be found in the Cabinet Library, among other places.
- 研究者によっては真福寺本より数十年古いとする見解もある。
- However, certain researchers have offered the opinion that it's several decades older than Shinpukuji bon.
- 後白河法皇は少年のときより、今様と呼ばれる歌謡を好んだ。
- Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa favored songs called imayo since he was a boy.
- 従二位高階成忠(923 - 998年)の娘、生母は不詳。
- She was the daughter of TAKASHINA no Naritada of Junii (Junior Second Rank) (923 - 998), and her real mother is unknown.
- 10年後、一条天皇に詩を奉じた結果、越前国の受領となる。
- Ten years later, as a consequence of dedicating a poem to Emperor Ichijo, he became a governor of Echizen Province.
- 近所の人に聞くと、三年も前からひとは住んでいないという。
- When they ask a neighbor about it, they figure out that nobody has lived there for three years.
- (ちなみに年代の錯簡は後者の方が少ないと考えられている)
- (The latter is thought to have less pages chronologically out of order due to binding errors than the former.)
- 岩佐美代子氏による全注釈も出て、近年は研究が盛んである。
- With the publication of a complete commentary by Miyoko IWASA, research on it has flourished in recent years.
- ただし第45巻は欠落し、それ以外にも記事の無い年がある。
- But the 45th volume is missing, and there are some blank years without any articles.
- 各部の先頭はおおよそ年代的に最初の説話で始められている。
- The head of each part is generally the earliest setsuwa in the chronological sense.
- 養賢は、少年期より父から金閣寺の話を繰り返し聞いていた。
- Yoken's father had repeatedly told him about the Kinkaku-ji Temple since he was a young boy.
- 明治19年2月、坪内逍遥を訪ね、以後毎週通うようになる。
- He paid a visit to Shoyo TSUBOUCHI in February 1886, and since then, he went to see him every week.
- 翌年の朱雀院の五十の賀に向け、源氏は女三宮に古琴を教える。
- Genji teaches Onna Sannomiya how to play kokin (ancient Chinese string instrument) for a celebration ceremony of Suzaku-in's fiftieth birthday to be held the following year.
- 蝉丸(せみまる、生没年不詳)は平安時代前期の歌人、音楽家。
- Semimaru (years of birth and death unknown) was a waka poet and musician in the early Heian period.
- 神武天皇から仁明天皇まで57代の事跡を編年体で述べている。
- It describes the achievements of 57 emperors from Emperor Jinmu to Emperor Ninmyo in a chronological form.
- もの思ふと過ぐる月日も知らぬ間に年もわが世も今日や尽きぬる
- While I am lost in deep thought, time passes by and this year and my glorious days will be over today.
- 今年が重い厄年にあたる八の宮は、薫に姫君たちの後見を托す。
- It is Hachi no Miya's unlucky year, so he asks Kaoru to look after his princesses.
- 預地は3-5年位の期間であるが、期限を定めない場合もある。
- The land was entrusted for three to five years, but there were also cases of Azukarichi where the period for entrustment was unspecified.
- 近年での五味文彦の吾妻鏡研究はそこに係わる取り組みである。
- A study of Azuma Kagami conducted by Fumihiko GOMI in recent years concerns this.
- 和泉式部(いずみしきぶ、生没年不詳)は平安時代中期の歌人。
- Izumi Shikibu (dates unknown) was a poet of the mid-Heian period.
- 935年(承平 (日本)5)2月、土佐守の任を終え、帰洛。
- February 935: He finished his duty as the governor of Tosa Province and returned to Kyoto.
- 音楽などの芸事のみに没頭し処世の力を持たぬまま年月を送る。
- He immersed himself only in arts such as music, and spent years without knowing how to get on in life.
- 五重塔 (小説)(1892年、嵩山堂『小説 尾花集』収録)
- Goju no to (novel) (included in 'Shosetsu: Obana-shu' (Pampas Grass: A Collection of Short Stories) Kozando, 1892)
- 御息所の年齢については、桐壺帖と賢木帖の記述に矛盾がある。
- There is a discrepancy between the volume of Kiritsubo and the volume of Sakaki with respect to the age of Miyasudokoro.
- 10年後(源氏22歳)にようやく懐妊、周囲は喜びに沸いた。
- Ten years later (when Genji was twenty-two years old), she finally became pregnant, and the people around them grew excited with delight.
- また、2007年には、最新作の「花吹雪New」が登場した。
- In 2007, the latest version 'Hanafubuki New' was released.
- 『芭蕉書簡大成』 『芭蕉年譜大成』 今栄蔵編著 角川学芸出版
- 'Basho Shokan Taisei' (The Complete Collection of Basho's Letters) and 'Basho Nenpu Taisei' (The Chronological Record of Basho), compiled by Eizo KON and published by KADOKAWA GAKUGEI SHUPPAN PUBLISHING CO., LTD.
- 恵慶(えぎょう、生没年不明)は平安時代中期の日本の僧、歌人。
- Egyo (the year of birth and death unknown) was a Japanese monk and a poet who lived during the mid-Heian period.
- 「幻 (源氏物語)」から八年後、薫14歳から20歳までの話。
- It describes 8 years after 'Maboroshi (The Wizard),' a story of Kaoru's life between the ages of fourteen and twenty.
- 年が明けたら出家を果たす考えの源氏は、身辺を整理しはじめる。
- Genji, who is planning to become a priest after the New Year comes and begins to tidy things up.
- 四十三歳(よそじまりみとせ)丁未の年の四月九日に崩りましき。
- He passed away at the age of forty three on April 9 in the year of Hinoto-Hitsuji (one of the Oriental Zodiacs).
- 姓(うぢ)は稗田(ひえだ)、名は阿禮(あれ)、年はこれ二八。
- His clan name was Hieda, and his name was Are, he was twenty eight years old.
- 『校異源氏物語』(全4巻)池田亀鑑(中央公論社、1942年)
- 'The Tale of Genji Match-up' (4 vols. complete) Kikan IKEDA (Chuokoron-sha, Inc., 1942)
- 1987年に日本放送協会で放映された1時間半のテレビドラマ。
- It was a TV drama of an hour-and-a-half that was aired in 1987 by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation.
- 年明けて、春、玉鬘は裳着を行い、内大臣と親子の対面をはたす。
- New year has come and Tamakazura holds the initiation ceremony in spring, finally meeting his real father, the Palace Minister.
- 紫の上亡き後の源氏の一年を四季の風物を主として叙情的に描く。
- After the death of lady Murasaki, a whole year of Genji's life is lyrically depicted focusing on scenes and manners of the four seasons.
- 翌年の春、宮中の花見の宴ののち、源氏はさる姫君と関係を持つ。
- In the following spring, after the festival of the cherry blossoms is held at the Imperial court, Genji has an affair with a princess.
- 有間皇子は、同年の11月11日に藤白坂で絞首刑に処せられた。
- Arima no miko was hung at the Fujishiro Hill on December 17, 658.
- 年を越し、春の夜、彼は母后と会い、二人は互いに惹かれ合った。
- Next year, on a spring night, he met the empress dowager and both were attracted to each other.
- 翌年竹本義太夫が竹本座を作ってこれを演じると大好評を受けた。
- The following year Gidayu TAKEMOTO established the Takemoto-za theater and staged this play to great acclaim.
- 無題(一巻):天正四年四・五月、天正八年八月、天正十年六月。
- Untitled (1 volume): May to June 1576, September to October 1580, June to July 1582.
- 二条家流の歌人であるが、晩年は冷泉派に近づいたといわれている。
- He was a poet in the Nijo family style, but near the end of his life it is said he began to gravitate more towards the Reizei style.
- その年の夏、蓮の花の盛りに、女三宮の持仏の開眼供養が営まれた。
- In the summer of the year when lotus flowers are at their best, a ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist image for Onna Sannomiya (the Third Princess) is held.
- 現存しているのは、1465年~1486年の22年間の分である。
- What exists now is the portion spanning twenty-two years from 1465 to 1486.
- 『万葉集』から撰者らの時代までの140年間の名歌を集めている。
- Great poems over 140 years from times of 'Manyoshu' to that of the compilers this anthology were collected.
- 晩年は女三宮の降嫁により、源氏とやや疎遠になり、無常を感じる。
- In her later years, Onna Sannomiya becomes Genji's wife, but then she becomes estranged from him, sensing the uncertainty of life.
- 執筆後100年は注目されなかったが、室町中期に僧・正徹が注目。
- Nobody had paid attention to the work for a hundred years after it was written, but a monk called Shotetsu found it in the mid-Muromachi period.
- しかし、改革が進行中の慶雲4年6月、文武天皇は崩御してしまう。
- In the middle of the reform in June 707, however, Emperor Monmu passed away.
- 雑公事の事を単に「公事」と呼んで年貢・所当及び夫役と区別する。
- Zokuji is called just 'kuji' and distinguished from nengu (annual tribute, land tax) and shoto (tax on rice field).
- 年末に源氏は出家の意志をかため、女君たちとの手紙を焼き捨てる。
- At the end of the year, Genji decides firmly to retire into priesthood, burning letters from former lovers.
- 源氏のもとに年賀に来る若公達は、玉鬘のために気もそぞろである。
- Young courtiers who pay a New Year's visit to Genji's residence feel distracted because of Tamakazura.
- 映画化され、2005年に公開された(邦題は「SAYURI」)。
- The novel was made into a film that was released in 2005 (Japanese Title: 'SAYURI.')
- だが夕子には同郷の幼友達であり、恋人である青年僧の正順がいた。
- However, Yuko was in love with her childhood friend from the same village, Seijun, a young priest.
- 笠 金村(かさ の かなむら、生没年不詳)は、奈良時代の歌人。
- KASA no Kanamura (year of birth and death unknown) was a poet during the Nara Period.
- また、その後は大原に隠棲し、晩年は雲林院に住んだといわれている。
- Then, he is said to have retired to Ohara and lived in Urin-in Temple in his later years.
- 兼続死後、寛永2年に兼続の正室であるお船の方によって再版された。
- After the death of Kanetsugu, his wife, Osen no kata, republished it in 1625.
- 910年(延喜10)1月13日、従三位に昇叙し、権中納言に転任。
- January 13, 910: He was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), and transferred to the post of Gon no Chunagon (Deputy Middle Counselor).
- なお、描く年代が4番目の『増鏡』との間には13年間の空白がある。
- There is a thirteen-year gap between 'Imakagami' and 'Masukagami,' which is in the fourth with respect to time period covered.
- やがて明治末年ころから学問的な本文研究の努力が本格的に始まった。
- Before long, around the late Meiji period, the academic study of text was being conducted in earnest.
- 1904年2月、日本はロシア帝国に宣戦布告し日露戦争が勃発した。
- In February 1904, Japan declared war against Russian Empire and the Japanese-Russo War broke out.
- 1876年に日朝修好条規が締結され日本は釜山に居留地を獲得した。
- Japan concluded Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with Korea in 1876; as a result, Japan acquired an enclave in Busan.
- そのメンバーが幕府の主要ポストに顔を揃えるのは1302年である。
- It was in 1302 when these people assumed leading posts in the government.
- 晩年には、宗祇が専順に師事し、「美濃千句」、「表佐千句」がある。
- In Senjun's later years, Sogi was his student, which led to 'Mino senku' (One Thousand Verses at Mino) and 'Osa senku' (One Thousand Verses at Osa).
- 享保8年 (1724) に、幕府は心中物の上演の一切を禁止した。
- In 1724 the feudal government, at the time, banned shinjumono performances (dramas dealing with the double suicide of lovers).
- 世尊寺流世尊寺伊行女、建礼門院右京大夫(1155年?-?)の自撰。
- The selection is by Kenrei Monin Ukyo no Daibu herself, the daughter of Koreyuki SESONJI of the Sesonji style (Sesonji-ryu) (1155? - ?).
- 881年(元慶5)2月15日、文章得業生となり、讃岐権少目に任官。
- February 15, 881: He was chosen as a monjo tokugosho (distinguished student of literature), and appointed a deputy lesser sakan (officer) of Sanuki Province.
- 長治から嘉承にかけて(1104-1108年)成立したと考えられる。
- This book is believed to have appeared between the Choji era and the Kasho era (between 1104 and 1108).
- その後も冷泉院の寵愛は冷めやらず、数年後、大君は男御子を出産する。
- Even after that, Emperor Reizei's affection didn't fade and Oigimi gave birth to an imperial prince a few years later.
- このため、これらの物語が文永八年以前の成立であることは確認できる。
- Therefore, the stories were certainly written before 1271.
- 大友 黒主(おおとも の くろぬし、生没年不詳)は平安時代の歌人。
- OTOMO no Kuronushi (years of birth and death unknown) was a kajin (waka poet) in the Heian period.
- その後も絶えず加筆され、寛弘末年頃に執筆されたと見られる文もある。
- After that, she wrote continuously, and some records say the book was written around 1012.
- 吉田兼好の『徒然草』が書かれたのは、この後およそ100年後である。
- It was about 100 years later that 'Tsurezuregusa' (Essays in Idleness) was written by Kenko YOSHIDA.
- いつしかこの地に友人もでき、居つくようになり、七年の月日が過ぎた。
- In the course of time, he gets to know some people and lives there for seven years.
- 数年後、八の宮は重い厄年を迎えて死期を感じ、さらに仏道修行に励む。
- A few years later, as a serious unlucky year had come to Hachi no Miya, he became conscious that his end would be approaching soon and again worked hard at his Buddhist practice.
- もっとも当時年季休役、御用に限り、これまた相勤め申すべきものなり。
- Also, the usual yearly work must be conducted.
- その翌年の享保9年(1725年)11月、門左衛門は72歳で没する。
- The following year, in November 1725, Monzaemon died at aged seventy-two.
- 岡倉天心『茶の本』(『THE BOOK OF TEA』1906年)
- 'The Book of Tea' by Tenshin OKAKURA, 1906
- 『法華義疏』は伝承によれば615年に作られた日本最古の書物となる。
- According to the tradition, 'Hokke Gisho' was produced in 615 and is the oldest book in Japan.
- 三年間たって、ホオリはここに来た理由を思い出し、深い溜息をついた。
- After three years, Hoori remembered the reason why he came here, and he let out a deep sigh.
- が、1909年、ロシア赴任からの帰国途中、ベンガル湾上で客死した。
- He died in 1909, however, on a journey to return to Japan from Russia, where he had gone to start a new job, while he was still at sea in the Bay of Bengal.
- ロナルド・フィリップ・ドーア『江戸時代の教育』岩波書店 1996年
- 'Education in the Edo Period' by Ronald Philip Dore, Iwanami Shoten Publishers, 1996
- 翁が見つけた子供はどんどん大きくなり、三ヶ月ほどで年頃の娘になった。
- The child whom the Okina has found grows bigger and bigger, and reaches adolescence in three months.
- 綏靖天皇については即位前紀の神武天皇崩御の年と自身の即位元年にある。
- As to the Emperor Suizei, it is described both in the year of Emperor Jinmu's death before enthronement (即位前紀) and the first year of his enthronement.
- したがってこのあたりで、年次は120年古くに設定されているとされる。
- Therefore, it is said that the dates were defined 120 years earlier around this period.
- 903年(延喜3)1月7日、従四位上に昇叙し、参議・左大弁元の如し。
- January 7, 903: He was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), while his appointments as sangi and sadaiben remained unchanged.
- 年の暮れ、源氏は紫の上とともに、女性らに贈る正月の晴れ着選びをした。
- Together with Murasaki no Ue, Genji chooses the best clothes to wear on the New Year's days for his women at the end of the year.
- それから四年の年月が経ち冷泉帝から今上帝 (源氏物語)へ時代は移る。
- Four years later, the time has shifted from the reign of Emperor Reizei to Kinjo no Mikado.
- 昭和60年代には、都市文化を基調としたヴィジュアルな表現が登場する。
- During the late 80's, vivid expressions based on urban culture became popular.
- その後、祖母の尼君(40歳ほど)の元で育てられ10余年たったという。
- Then the girl was brought up by her grandmother, who was a nun (around 40 years old), and more than 10 years have passed.
- 1980年にテレビ朝日系「土曜ワイド劇場」で放映されたテレビドラマ。
- It is a TV drama which was broadcast on TV Asahi Corporation Network, 'Saturday Waido Theater' in 1980.
- 師時は貞時が出家して執権を退いた1301年に10代執権となっていた。
- Morotoki became the tenth regent when Sadatoki retired into priesthood in 1301.
- 年明けて女三の宮は男の子(薫)を生み、柏木は病篤くして間も亡くなる。
- Early in the new year, Onna San no Miya gives birth to a baby boy (Kaoru), while Kashiwagi, who was in a critical condition, passes away.
- そしてその頼家の死は翌年の1204年(元久元年)7月19日条である。
- And the death of Yoriie was recorded in the entry dated July 19, in the following year, 1204.
- 宇治ではある阿闍梨に師事して長年仏道に専心し、深い知識と道心を得る。
- In Uji, he devoted himself to the study of Buddhism under an Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism) for a long time, and obtained deep knowledge and faith.
- その後、少なくとも1902年までは祥雲寺にあったことがわかっている。
- The picture was kept in the temple at least until 1902.
- 「状貌魁梧、器宇峻遠、幼年にして学を好み、博覧にしてよく文を属す。」
- He had a good physique and was broad-minded, and since his early days, he liked to study, read books very well, obtained deep knowledge, and wrote in a splendid way.'
- 寛永年間(1624年- 1644年)のころに仏画として描かれ始めた。
- During the Kanei era (1624-1644), Otsu-e began to be painted as Buddhist paintings.
- 高橋虫麻呂(たかはしのむしまろ、生没年不詳)は、奈良時代の万葉歌人。
- TAKAHASHI no Mushimaro (year of birth and death unknown) was a contributor to Manyoshu during the Nara Period.
- 明和期の『遊子方言』(1770年)に至って洒落本のスタイルが整った。
- 'Yushi Hogen' (The Rake's Patois, 1770) was written in the Meiwa era, and with it the style of the sharebon took final shape.
- 成立は藤原定家より相伝の万葉集を贈られた1213年頃とする説が有力。
- A persuasive theory states that this anthology was completed around 1213 when a hereditary book of 'Manyoshu' (oldest anthology of tanka) was given by FUJIWARA no Teika.
- 『続日本紀』の養老四年(AD720)五月癸酉条には、以下のようにある。
- An article by Mizunoto-Tori, May 720 in 'Shoku Nihongi' describes as follows:
- 天人・仙人から秘琴の技を伝えられた俊蔭は、23年を経て日本へ帰着した。
- Toshikage obtains the essence of the hikin (the magical harps) from a heavenly being and a mountain hermit, and after twenty-three years he comes back to Japan.
- 紫式部(むらさきしきぶ、生没年不明)は、平安時代中期の女性作家、歌人。
- Murasaki Shikibu (dates of birth and death unknown) was a female author and poet in the mid-Heian period.
- 藤壺中宮の姪であり、朱雀院の希望もあり源氏の晩年、二番目の正妻となる。
- She is a niece of Empress Fujitsubo, and as Suzakuin hopes, she becomes Genji's second wife in his later years.
- 2歳年上の従姉である内大臣の娘雲居雁と幼少の頃恋をし、のち夫人とする。
- He grows to love his two-year-older cousin Kumoi no Kari, a daughter of Naidaijin, and eventually he marries her.
- そのことから、若年時は有力な親王として将来を期待されていたと思われる。
- From that reason, when he was still young, his future seemed to be bright as a prominent imperial prince.
- 徒らに思ひこがれて年もへぬ人をみぬめの浦の藻しほ火(『続拾遺和歌集』)
- I didn't have a chance to see you, and wasted my days, burning myself on love's flame ('Shoku Shui Wakashu' (12th imperial anthology)).
- 751年には日本におけるごく初期の漢詩集として『懐風藻』が編纂された。
- In 751 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry), which is regarded as a very early collection of Kanshi in Japan, was compiled.
- 『日本書紀』の天皇崩御年干支と、古い時代は一致しないが、以下は一致する。
- Oriental zodiacs in the past do not correspond to the year of the emperors' deaths in 'Nihonshoki' except the following emperors.
- 翌年三月には明石の姫君(源氏の娘)が今上帝 (源氏物語)の男御子を出産。
- In March of the next year, young lady Akashi (Genji's daughter) bears the Emperor a baby boy.
- 藤原道綱母の没年より約20年前、39歳の大晦日を最後に筆が途絶えている。
- The diary ends on New Year's Eve, when FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother is thirty-nine, just twenty years before her death.
- しかし、平成20年現在では三品検校の弟子今井某が生存しているだけである。
- However, as of 2008, only a disciple of Kengyo MISHINA, certain IMAI, remains.
- 昭和期には仙台に館山甲午(1894年生~1989年没)という検校がいた。
- During the Showa period, a kengyo named Kogo TATEYAMA (1894-1989) was in Sendai.
- 当時の年中行事を記した日記的な記述が多くみられる点も特徴のひとつである。
- Another one of the characteristics is that there are many descriptions, in the manner of a diary which recorded the annual events at that time.
- 蜻蛉日記は没年より約二十年前、三十九歳の大晦日を最後に筆が途絶えている。
- In Kagero Nikki, her last diary entry was on New Year's Eve at the age of 39, which was 20 years before date of her death.
- 翌年の1471年(文明3年)に孫童子丸が夭折し、新たな跡目争いが起きる。
- Another dispute over the succession broke out when Sondojimaru died young in 1471, the following year.
- 年貢・所当以外の雑税全般を呼ぶ場合と雑公事に限定して呼称する場合がある。
- In one case, it refers to miscellaneous taxes excluding nengu (annual tribute) and shoto (tax on rice field), and in another case, it's limited to statute labor.
- そして近年、五味文彦が八代国治の推測を具体的に検証する形で研究している。
- In recent years, Fumihiko GOMI has been examining the conjecture of Kuniji YASHIRO in more detail.
- 著者は福崎正澄とされているがその経歴は不明であり、成立年代も不明である。
- It is considered to be written by Masazumi FUKUZAKI but both his career and the year of creation are unknown.
- 第3期は、733年(天平5)までで、個性的な歌が生み出された時期である。
- The third period is to 733, and contains a lot of original poems.
- 『定本 与謝野晶子全集』全20巻(講談社、1979年 - 1981年刊)
- 'Teihon Yosano Akiko Zenshu' (Complete collection of Akiko Yosano) twenty volumes (Kodansha, published in 1979 - 1981)
- 同年8月、孝謙天皇が譲位して、父の仲麻呂が推す大炊王が即位(淳仁天皇)。
- After Emperor Kenko's abdication of the throne in September of the same year, Prince Oi ascended to the throne (Emperor Junnin) upon Nakamaro's recommendation.
- 頭中将という同腹のきょうだいがいる(どちらが年上なのかは作中では不明)。
- She has a brother named To no Chujo (which of the two is the elder is unclear in the story).
- 同年12月、訓儒麻呂は兄弟の藤原真先、藤原朝狩とともに参議に任じられる。
- In December of the same year, Kusumaro was appointed to Sangi (councilor) together with his brothers, FUJIWARA no Masaki and FUJIWARA no Asakari.
- 序文には宝亀三(772)年五月七日の、跋文には同月二十五日の日付がある。
- The preface is dated June 16, 772 and the postscript is dated July 4 of the same year.
- 田辺 福麻呂(たなべ の さきまろ、生没年不詳)は、奈良時代の万葉歌人。
- TANABE no Sakimaro (year of birth and death unknown) was a contributor to Manyoshu during the Nara Period.
- また、この3年で3回陸軍士官学校 (日本)を受験するが、不合格に終わる。
- In addition, he tried to take the examination for the Military Academy (Japan) three times during these three years, but failed.
- 平成17年、徳川美術館にある鎌倉時代初期の写本が、重要文化財に指定された。
- The manuscript made in the early Kamakura period and now owned by The Tokugawa Art Museum was designated as an important cultural property in 2005.
- 出家の後、1212年に成立した『方丈記』は和漢混淆文による文芸の祖である。
- After he became a priest, 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) was completed in 1212, and it is known as a foundation of literature written in the mixed writing of Japanese and Chinese.
- その後まもなく病を得て、息子の身の上を念じながら、同年10月末に薨去した。
- After a while, she became ill and passed away at the end of October of the same year, praying to the gods for their safety.
- 島津本と同系ではあるが、島津本よりも書写年は古く、そこからの転写ではない。
- Although it belongs to the same line as the Shimazubon, it was copied before the Shimazubon and is not a transcription from it.
- 平治元年には藤原信頼が義朝を語らって反乱を起こし、信西を殺害、獄門にする。
- FUJIWARA no Nobuyori rises in revolt, assuming Yoshitomo's name in the first year of Heiji; he kills Shinzei and displays his severed head at the prison gates.
- 37歳の厄年で重病に伏し、それまでの冷泉帝への後見を源氏に感謝しつつ崩御。
- At the critical age of thirty-seven years old, she fell seriously ill, and died while thanking Genji for his guardianship of Emperor Reizei.
- この頃首皇子(聖武天皇)と親交を持ったらしく、後年個人的に歌を奉げている。
- In this period she seemed to be on friendly terms with Prince Obito (Emperor Shomu) to whom later she dedicated her poems personally.
- 9月9日の重陽の節句にも、毎年のように「幸甚」であるとの記述がなされている。
- On the every ninth day of the ninth month, the day of the Chrysanthemum Festival, he wrote that he was 'extremely happy.'
- 908年(延喜8)1月7日、正四位下に昇叙し、参議・左大弁・讃岐守元の如し。
- January 7, 908: He was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), while his appointments as sangi, sadaiben, and Sanuki no kami remained unchanged.
- 1994年に和泉書院から注釈書『続古事談注解』が刊行されているが相当に高価。
- In 1994, Izumi Shoin Publishing released 'The Shoku Kojidan Chukai' (An Annotated Edition of the Zoku Kojidan), which is priced rather expensively.
- 兼盛の生年は不詳だが、篤行王の生没年を計算すると80歳位まで生存したらしい。
- Kanemori's date of birth is unknown, but considering his father Atsuyuki's dates of birth and death, he seems to have lived to be around eighty.
- 10編中の1編『逢坂越えぬ権中納言』以外の著者・詳細な成立年代は不詳である。
- Except for 'Osaka Koenu Gon Chunagon,' the authors of all ten pieces and exactly when they were written are unknown.
- アーサー・ウェイリーの英語訳からの重訳(抄訳)が1944年に出版されている。
- Again, in 1944, an abridged translation of the English translation by Arthur WALEY was published.
- アーサー・ウェイリーの英語訳からの重訳(抄訳)が1930年に出版されている。
- Another abridged translation of the English translation by Arthur WALEY was published in 1930.
- アーサー・ウェイリーの英語訳からの重訳(抄訳)が1927年に出版されている。
- An abridged translation of the English translation by Arthur WALEY was published in 1927.
- 1309年の寄合衆の中の北条氏以外では、姻戚では安達時顕、大江氏の長井宗秀。
- Among the Yoriai-shu in 1309, people who were not from the Hojo clan but related by marriage to the family were Tokiaki ADACHI and Munehide NAGAI of the OE clan.
- なによりも、『保元物語』中、古態本である半井本が治承年間の記事を有している。
- Above all, Nakaraibon (one of the variant texts) preserving the original form of 'Hogen Monogatari' contains an article on an incident that occurred during the Jisho period.
- 一方、『今昔物語集』が他の資料で見られるようになるのは1449年の事である。
- On the other hand, it was in 1449 that 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past' was first mentioned in other materials.
- 華の乱(1988年、東映京都製作所、深作欣二監督)は与謝野晶子の生涯を描く。
- 'Hana no ran' (A Chaos of Flowers) (1988, Toei Kyoto Movie Studios, directed by Kinji FUKASAKU) is a film on the life of Akiko Yosano.
- その後晩年の消息は不明で、「宿木」で既に故人であることが知られるのみである。
- His later years were not known, and the only thing that is known in the chapter of 'Yadorigi' (The Ivy), is that he already passed away.
- 1998年11月に新人物往来社より新装版が出版され、現在も再版が続いている。
- In November 1998 it was published by Shinjinbutsuoraisha in a new format that has still been reprinted even now.
- ただし、後年の傑作『多情多恨』では、言文一致体による内面描写が成功している。
- In his masterpiece in his later years 'Tajo Takon,' he had achieved success in psychological description in a vernacular style.
- 本朝通鑑(ほんちょうつがん)は、江戸幕府により編集された漢文編年体の歴史書。
- Honchotsugan is a history book in classical Chinese and in chronological order edited by the Edo Shogunate.
- 右衛門尉と同年齢、特に美人というわけでもないが、心ばえはよく、夫に仕えている。
- She is as old as Uemon no jo, and not so beautiful but a person with a good heart, serving her husband.
- 具体的な成立時期は大治 (日本)年間(1126年-1131年)など諸説がある。
- There are others who believe that it had appeared in the Daiji (Japan) era (1126 - 1131).
- 新春の光を見ても悲しさは改まらず、源氏は年賀の客にも会わずに引きこもっている。
- Genji's sorrow does not abate even though he sees the light of the new spring, secluding himself from New Year's visitors.
- 「源氏物語目録をめぐって―異名と并び」(『文学・語学』1978年6月)による。
- This is according to 'The Tale of Genji Catalogue - Different Name and Narabi' ('Literature and Language,' June 1978).
- また、1965年になって、莫高窟中の第122窟の前で、過所の写しが発見された。
- In 1965, a copy of Kasho was found in front of the 122nd cave in the Mogao Cave.
- これに従わない社員たちは次々に退社し、1898年に『国民之友』は廃刊となった。
- Employees who did not follow in step left the company one after another, and in 1898, 'Kokumin no Tomo' was discontinued.
- だが、遠隔地の統治にまで代官の手が回らなかったために7年後に預地を復活させた。
- However, because it was impossible to place a local governor in every remote area, the system of Azukarichi was restored seven years later.
- なお三条西実隆入手の経緯は、『実隆公記』永正6年11月4日、8日の条に詳しい。
- Additionally, the details of how Sanetaka SANJONISHI got the text are in the 'Sanetaka Koki,' in the entries for November 4 and 8 of 1509.
- 翌年には、井上剣花坊が新聞「日本」に〈新題柳樽〉欄を与えられ、これが大ヒット。
- The next year, a column named 'Shindai yanagidaru' (Yanagidaru on Modern Topics) in the newspaper 'Nippon' was given to Kenkabo INOUE, and it became a big hit.
- 近年、高島俊男が著書の中で、この本と中国の歴史家の研究との突合せを行っている。
- Toshio TAKASHIMA has recently collated this book with Chinese historiographical texts in his work.
- またも一からやり直し、さらに十七年かけて六巻本『新新訳源氏物語』を完成させる。
- Once again she started over and it took seventeen years for her to complete the six-volume set 'New-New Translation of the Tale of Genji.'
- 2003年、示談によりゴールデンが賠償金を支払うことで決着し、岩崎が勝訴した。
- In 2003, Iwasaki won an out of court settlement ensuring that Golden would pay compensation to her.
- 702年の第七次遣唐使船に同行し、唐に渡り儒教や仏教など最新の学問を研鑽する。
- In 702, Yamanoue no Okura accompanied the seventh mission to Tang Dynasty China as an envoy where he studied the latest teachings of Confucianism and Buddhism.
- しかし四迷は出来に満足せず、この後約20年間ほど小説の執筆から離れてしまった。
- Shimei, however, was not satisfied with the quality of the novel that kept him away from writing any novel for about twenty years.
- 巻頭の目録の後に大炊御門冬信の識語のある本を応永年間に転写した写本の系統である。
- It is a manuscript line that was copied during the Oei era from a book with manuscript notes by Fuyunobu OIMIKADO after the index at the beginning.
- その翌年の延喜2年(902年)には正五位下、延喜6年には従四位下権中将となった。
- The following year (in 902) he was raised to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and in 906 achieved the rank of Chusho (Deputy Commander), Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 元禄2年春 芭蕉は旅立ちの準備をすすめ、隅田川のほとりにあった芭蕉庵を引き払う。
- In the spring of 1689, in preparation to begin his journey, Basho vacated the Bashoan (the hut, in which Basho lived) near Sumida-gawa River.
- なお「宿木」に出家後数年、嵯峨 (京都市)に隠棲して崩御したことが記されている。
- Besides, in the chapter of Yadorigi (The Ivy), the author wrote that several years after Genji had become a priest, he lived in seclusion at Saga (Kyoto City) and passed away.
- また台湾では林文月の翻訳『源氏物語上・下』(中外文学月報社、1982年)がある。
- Additionally, there is a translation entitled 'The Tale of Genji, Vols. 1 and 2' by LIN wen yue in Taiwan (Zhong wai wen xue yue kan she, 1982).
- フランスでは、日本学の権威ルネ・シフェールが翻訳に当たった(1988年に公刊)。
- In France, Rene SIEFFERT, an authoritative scholar of Japanese studies, produced a translation (which was published in 1988).
- 鴨長明が晩年、日野山に方丈(一丈四方)の庵を結んだことから「方丈記」と名づけた。
- Hojoki' was named after the event of KAMO no Chomei's building a iori (a hut) in one square jo on Mt. Hino.
- ミュージカル小野小町(わらび座 2007年上演の舞台。内舘牧子脚本、椿千代主演)
- The musical 'Onono Komachi' was presented by Warabi-za in 2007, written by Makiko UCHIDATE and starring Chiyo TSUBAKI.
- 寛永4年5月に刊行された『土佐日記首書』は、ほとんど『土佐日記抄』のままである。
- 'The Tosa Diary with Comments,' made in May 1627, was nearly the same as 'The Tosa Diary with Notes.'
- 石塚豊芥子『戯作者選集』(『笠間叢書』96(1978年)に、広瀬朝光影印本あり)
- 'Gesakusha senshu' (Selected Gesaku writers) by Hokaishi ISHIZUKA (an Eiinbon [a reproduction of the manuscript] by Tomomitsu HIROSE is contained in 'Kasama sosho' 96 (1978).
- くれはつる 年をしみかね うちふさば 夢見むほどに 春はきぬべし(「安法法師集」)
- I mourn the passing year so much that while I lie down having a dream, spring must come. ('Anpo hoshi shu')
- 待賢門院堀河(たいけんもんいんのほりかわ、生没年不詳)は、平安時代後期の女流歌人。
- Taikenmonin no Horikawa (dates of birth and death unknown) was a female poet who lived during the late Heian period.
- 894年(寛平6)1月7日、従五位上に昇叙し、式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- January 7, 894: He was promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), while his appointments as Shikubu shosuke, monjo hakase, and Sanuki no suke were unchanged.
- 北朝 (日本)の貞和二年(1346)十一月九日、竟宴が催され、同四年頃までに成立。
- On December 30, 1346 (Japanese Northern Dynasty), a party after poetry selection was held, therefore the anthology should have been completed by around 1348.
- 万寿2年、藤原公成の子(頼忍阿闍梨)を出産した際に20代で死去し、周囲を嘆かせた。
- In 1025, when she gave birth to the child of FUJIWARA no Kinnari (Yorishinobu Ajari, a master in esoteric Buddhism), she passed away in her twenties, and people around her mourned for her.
- これは彼がイギリスのケンブリッジにいた時になされたもので、1882年に出版された。
- It was completed when he was in Cambridge, England, and was published in 1882.
- 中年期の兼好が著した事になるが、若い時代に書いた文章も含まれているという説もある。
- It should have been written by Kenko, who was in the middle years of his life, but some people claim that it includes the writings written when he was young.
- 905年(延喜5)4月、醍醐天皇の勅命により『古今和歌集』を選者の1人として編纂。
- April 905: He compiled 'Kokinwakashu' as one of the editors by order of Emperor Daigo.
- なお朝鮮半島では1946年に南北朝鮮で切手が発行されるまで日本切手の使用が続いた。
- Japanese postal stamps were used in Korean Peninsula until North and South Korea issued their own postal stamps in 1946.
- 「作者」でふれたように治承年間の記事を含むので、それ以降であることだけは動かない。
- As mentioned in the preceding 'Authorship,' the tale contains an account off incidents during the Jisho era, so it is certain that it was written after that time.
- 飛火地獄 個人蔵 特別展「美麗 院政期の絵画」(2007年奈良国立博物館)に出品。
- Hell of the Shooting Flames; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).
- 剥肉地獄 個人蔵 特別展「美麗 院政期の絵画」(2007年奈良国立博物館)に出品。
- Hell of the Skinning; private collection, an entry at the Special Exhibition 'Exquisite: Paintings of the 11th - 13th Centuries' (2007 the Nara National Museum).
- 1998年5月に生誕120周年を記念して堺市の南海本線堺駅西口に銅像が建てられた。
- In May 1998, a bronze statue of Akiko was built in the commemoration of her 120th anniversary at the west gate of Sakai Station, Nankai Main Line, in Saki City.
- 「方言と候文」に関しては五十嵐力他監修『手紙講座第1巻』平凡社、昭和10年 より。
- Information regarding 'Dialects and sorobun' taken from 'Tegami Koza Vol. 1' (volume 1, Lesson of writing a letter) edited by Tsutomu IGARASHI et al., issued by Heibonsha in 1935.
- 嘉喜門院(かきもんいん、生没年未詳)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の女院・女流歌人である。
- Kakimon-in (dates of birth and death unknown) was Nyoin (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor) and a female waka poet in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- ウクライナの中学2年生の教科書に2ページに渡り、松尾芭蕉のことが書かれ学習している。
- There is a description of Basho MATSUO in two pages of textbook for second-year junior high school in Ukraine.
- 下命時の後花園院は十五歳の若年ながら詩歌管弦の造詣深く、御製も多く伝わる好文の賢主。
- When Gohanazono in ordered to compile the anthology, he was only 15, but had a profound knowledge of poetry and music, being known as a wise Emperor who made many poems.
- そこでこの紀年がどのように構成されているか、明らかにしようとする試みが紀年論である。
- Then, Kinenron aims to clear this way of counting years.
- これらは上記年次私記のいずれかに由来するものと思われるが、残念ながら特定はできない。
- It seems that these originated from any of the above annual private records, but unfortunately, it can not be specified.
- 一説では、康平年間(1058年-1065年)に65歳ぐらいで没したともいわれている。
- According to one theory, he died around the age of sixty-five during the Kohei era (1058-1065).
- 「連句」の名称は明治37年に連歌や俳句と区別するため高浜虚子が提唱してから定着した。
- The name 'renku' became common in 1904, when Kyoshi TAKAHAMA advocated using the term in order to distinguish renku from renga and haiku.
- 昭和40年代始め、前衛短歌の停滞後はじめて本格的に近代短歌に向き合う動きが出てきた。
- From about the late 1960's, finally a new movement since the disappearance of the avant-garde movement started to take hold to deal with the transformation to the modern tanka poetry.
- 選歌範囲は『古今』『後撰和歌集』以後、村上天皇朝から白河朝までの約130年間である。
- It covers the poems which had been composed for about 130 years, the period after 'Kokin' and 'Gosen Wakashu' (Later Selected Collection of Japanese Poetry), which is equivalent to the reign of Emperor Murakami (946 - 967) to that of Emperor Shirakawa (1073 - 1087).
- 近年ではそのような業平の伝説や、『業平集』とは一線を画す必要があると考えられている。
- Recently, therefore, many have considered it necessary to dissociate the text from the legendary authorship of Narihira and 'Narihirashu' (Collection of Poems of ARIWARA no Narihira).
- その理由として目賀田は通信事業が当時毎年10万円という赤字を出していることを挙げた。
- One of the reasons he raised was the annual deficit of 100,000 yen produced by communication services.
- また同年、越後国に出羽郡(後の出羽国)が設置され、出羽柵を中心に蝦夷征討が開始した。
- In the same year, Ideha district (later Dewa Province) was establshed in Dewa Province, and the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in north-eastern Japan, using Dewa Castle as the home ground, was started.
- こうした一連の年中行事を主体とした朝廷の政務及び関連儀式そのものを「公事」と称した。
- The government affairs and the related rituals based on such sequence of annual events in the Imperial Court were called kuji.
- また、これとは別に官職補任の記録を年表形式でまとめて後日の参考にすることが行われた。
- Apart from this, the record of appointments to government posts was summarized in the form of timeline for future reference.
- 京都市山科区小野は小野氏の栄えた土地とされ、小町は晩年この地で過ごしたとの説もある。
- Ono, in Kyoto City's Yamashina Ward, is said to be a place where the ONO clan flourished, and there is conjecture that Komachi spent her later years in this area.
- 寛平年間(889年-898年)に従五位下に叙し、侍従に任じられ、肥後国受領を兼ねる。
- During the Kanpyo era (889 - 898) he was promoted to the junior fifth rank, lower grade and was appointed as jiju (chamberlain), simultaneously serving as zuryo (governor) of Higo.
- しかし、山田雄司の近時の研究によれば、院の讃岐での晩年は穏やかなものであったという。
- However, according to Yuji YAMADA's recent study, In's later years at Sanuki were tranquil.
- 同年8月には藤原氏出身の光明皇后の立后を宣言するなど藤原四兄弟政権の成立に協力した。
- In September of the same year, Imperial Prince Toneri announced the investiture of the Empress Komyo, who came from the Fujiwara clan to cooperate in the establishment of the administration of four brothers of Fujiwara clan.
- 夫婦には8人の娘がいたが、毎年古志からヤマタノオロチがやって来て娘を食べてしまった。
- They had eight daughters, but every year Yamata no Orochi came from Koshi, and ate their daughters.
- 師輔は同年5月4日に薨去しているから、薨去の2日前まで日記を筆録していたことが窺える。
- The fact that Morosuke died on June 5 of the same year tells us that he kept writing his diary until two days before his death.
- 一方、『古事記』は年次を持たないが、文注の形で一部の天皇について崩御年干支が記される。
- On the other hand, 'Kojiki' does not record a date, but the Oriental zodiac of the year of death of some emperors are described in the form of notes.
- 古い時代の天皇の寿命が異常に長い事から、『日本書紀』の年次は古くから疑問視されてきた。
- Since the length of life of emperors in ancient times was extremely long, the dates of 'Nihonshoki' has been questioned since old days.
- 折からの霧にかこつけて宮に宿を求めた夕霧は、拒み続ける宮の傍らで積年の思いを訴え続ける
- Yugiri, who asks her to stay over night under the pretext that the fog is thickening, tells her insistently how much he has loved her for many years.
- やや遅れて成立した歌物語、『大和物語』(950年頃成立)にも、共通した話題がみられる。
- Common themes are found in 'Yamato Monogatari' (the Tales of Yamamoto) that was completed slightly later (in ca. 950).
- 後撰和歌集には、古今和歌集のような序文が付されていないため、その成立年時は不明である。
- The date of presentation of the completed manuscript is not certain because, unlike Kokinwakashu, Gosenwakashu has no preface.
- 同年に後見役だった叔父・政光が病死し、守護代の多賀清直・宗直父子が乙童子丸を補佐する。
- In the same year, Masamitsu, Otsudojimaru's uncle and guardian, died of illness; thus, Shugodai Kiyonao TAGA and Munenao TAGA, father and son, aided Otsudojimaru.
- さらに冷泉帝は翌年が源氏四十の賀であることを知って、彼を准太上天皇に進める旨を勅する。
- Moreover, Emperor Reizei knows that Genji's fortieth birthday will come next year, and issues an order to grant him a rank equivalent to Retired Emperor.
- 新勅撰集は華やかな新古今調から一転して平明枯淡な趣向に走り、定家晩年の好みを伺わせる。
- Compared with the elegant Shin Kokin style, Shin Chokusenshu is characterized by its simple and refined style, which tells us what he preferred in his later years.
- 高橋貞一によってかつては最古の系統とする理解もあったが、近年では従う人はあまりいない。
- It was considered by Sadaichi TAKAHASHI to be the oldest line, but in recent years there has been little follow-up to his opinion.
- 同年11月28日条には北条時政がその「守護地頭」の設置を朝廷に要求したと書かれている。
- According to the entry dated November 28 of the same year, Tokimasa HOJO demanded the Imperial court to establish 'Shugo and Jito.'
- このため、『今昔物語集』は編纂後約300年間にわたって死蔵状態だったと考えられている。
- For this reason, 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past' is thought to have been lost for approximately 300 years after its compilation.
- 大伴坂上郎女(おおとものさかのうえのいらつめ、生没年不詳)は、『万葉集』の代表的歌人。
- OTOMO no Sakanoue no Iratsume (year of birth and death unknown) is one of the most famous Tanka (31 syllables' poem) poets in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 上記のとおり生年は不詳だが、寺西貞弘らによって天武2年(673)誕生と推測されている。
- The year of his birth is unknown as described above, but Sadahiro TERANISHI and other scholars estimated that he was born in 673.
- 正徳 (日本)4年 (1714) には尼崎の広済寺再興の折りに、本願人として尽力した。
- In 1714 Monzaemon dedicated himself to promoting the restoration of Kosai-ji Temple, Amagasaki.
- それから200年ほど後、楚の国で『楚辞』が生まれ、漢の時代にその系統を汲む賦が栄えた。
- About 200 years after 'Shi Jing', 'Chu Ci' (Songs of Chu) was composed in the Chu dynasty and during the Han dynasty 'Fu' style, which was descended from 'Chu Ci', flourished.
- 小さな穴として従来から知られていたが、昭和4年に奥へと長く続いていることが発見された。
- It had been known as a small hole for a long time, but in 1929, a long path leading to the inner part was found.
- しかし、アメノホヒは大国主の家来になってしまい、三年たっても高天原に戻って来なかった。
- However, Amenohohi became a follower of Okuninushi, and he did not come back to Takamanohara.
- 『九暦抄』の天徳4年条に「御出家」(大日本古記録本『九暦』29ページ)という記載がある。
- There is a description of his 'renouncing the world' among the entries of the fourth year of Tentoku in the 'Kyureki sho' ('Kyureki,' in Dai-Nihon Kokiroku (Old Diaries of Japan), page 29).
- 芭蕉は元禄3年幻住庵にはいり、4年春を粟津の無名庵でむかえ、4月嵯峨の落柿舎ですごした。
- In 1690, Basho moved to the Genjuan (hut of the phantom dwelling), spent the next spring Mumyoan (house of anonymity) in Awazu, and in April he stayed at Rakushisha (fallen persimmon house) in Saga.
- 『日本書紀』は、欽明13年10月()に百済の聖明王、釈迦仏像と経論を献ずる、としている。
- In 'Nihonshoki' there is a description that Shomyoo of Baekje presented a statue of Buddha and sutras on November 552.
- 晩年の三島由紀夫が本物語に強く惹かれて、輪廻転生をテーマとした『豊饒の海』を残している。
- Late in his life, Yukio MISHIMA was strongly attracted by this tale and wrote 'Hojo no Umi' (The sea of Fertility) based on the theme of Rinne Tensho.
- 成立年ははっきりしないが、序と本文の記述から、弘仁13年 (822年) とする説がある。
- It remains unclear as to when the book was completed but some say that it was 822 based on the descriptions in the preface and body.
- 晩年は摂政になった夫に省みられる事も少なく寂しい生活を送ったと言われているが詳細は不明。
- Her husband, who became Sessho (regent), did not pay attention to her, so she was said to be lonely in her later years, but details are unknown.
- そのとき生まれたのは1302年に政所執事に再任された二階堂行貞の祖父、二階堂行忠である。
- The child was Yukitada NIKAIDO, who was to be the grandfather of Yukisada NIKAIDO, who was reappointed to under secretary of Mandokoro in 1302.
- 旧雄勝町では、町おこしの一環として、毎年6月の第2日曜日に「小町まつり」を開催している。
- Old Ogachi-machi holds 'Komachi Festival' annually on the second Sunday of June as part of the Machiokoshi (to activate the economy and culture of a district).
- 素性(そせい、生没年不詳 延喜10年(910年)没?)は、平安時代前、中期の歌人、僧侶。
- Sosei (dates of birth and death unknown, died in 910?) was a poet and a monk who lived during the early and middle Heian period.
- 成立は、本文中の記述から安政5年と考えられ、桜田門外で非業の死を遂げる2年前とみられる。
- The descriptions in the book indicate that Chanoyu Ichie Shu was completed in 1858, two years before Ii was assassinated in the Sakuradamongai Incident.
- 明の建文帝が永楽帝に追われて、何十年も潜伏して生活していたという伝説について書かれた話。
- The story is based on a legend in which Kenbun-tei (Emperor Jianwen) kept hiding himself for several decades from Eiraku-tei (Emperor Yongle) who chased him.
- そのため、近年では二人の姉妹説を積極的に支持する研究者は見られなくなってきているようだ。
- That is why no scholar these days strongly supports the theory of their sisterhood.
- 松平定信が主導した寛政の改革のもと、1791年に京伝の作(黄表紙と洒落本)が摘発された。
- Under the Kansei Reforms, which were led by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, Kyoden's works (sharebon and kibyoshi, or 'yellow covers', illustrated books of popular fiction whose covers were yellow) were prosecuted in 1791.
- 天正年間(1573年-1592年)、中国地方に赴き備前国大雲寺などを創建したと伝えられる。
- During 1573-1592, he made his way into the Chugoku region of Japan, and is said to have founded several temples there, including Daiun-ji Temple in Bizen Province.
- それから数年の月日が流れ、薫は中納言に、蔵人少将も宰相中将に、それぞれ順調に昇進していた。
- A few years later, Kaoru and Kurodo no Shosho were steadily promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Saisho no Chujo (Consultant Captain) respectively.
- そのような場合も含めて、個人の作者として近年名前が挙げられる事が多いのは、紀貫之らである。
- Making allowances for such cases, in recent years KI no Tsurayuki and others have often been mentioned as individual authors.
- 田溶新の翻訳や柳呈の翻訳『源氏物語イヤギ(物語)』全3冊(ナナム出版、2000年)がある。
- CHON Yon Haku's translation and YU Gyon's three-volume translation 'Iyagi, Tale of Genji' (Nanamu publisher, 2000) are currently available.
- よって三条天皇の長和年間(1012年-1016年)に没したとするのが通説だが、異見もある。
- Therefore it is widely believed that she died between 1012 and 1016, in the reign of Emperor Sanjo, but some people disagree.
- 「往古の武士の相撲を修行せしことここにあるなり。」木村柳悦守直撲『角力取組伝書』延享二年)
- That's why warriors must practice the sumo wrestling which was done by ancient warriors.' according to 'Sumo Torikumidensho' by Ryuetsu Morinao KIMURA in 1745)
- 若い頃はなかなか持て囃されたようではあるが、年に釣り合わない言動で貴公子二人を辟易させた。
- She seems to have been sought after very much when she was young, but she made two young noblemen disinterested due to her words and deeds being inappropriate for her age.
- 宝永2年 (1705) に竹本座の座元が竹田出雲に替わっての顔見世興行『用明天王職人鑑』。
- In 1705 Izumo TAKEDA became the managing director of Takemoto-za theater, and Monzaemon wrote 'Yomei Tenno Shokunin Kagami' (The Mirror of the Craftsmen of the Emperor Yomei) for its kaomisekogyo (all-star performance).
- 895年(寛平7)8月13日、正五位下に昇叙し、右少弁・式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- August 13, 895: He was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), while all his official appointments remained unchanged.
- 昭和50年代には、村木道彦・小池光・阿木津英など、風俗・実生活を繊細に描写する歌人が現れた。
- From the mid-70's to the mid-80's, there appeared poets such as Michihiko MURAKI, Hikaru KOIKE, and Ei AKITSU, with their delicate expressions of everyday realities.
- 『真福寺本』は名古屋市の真福寺に伝わるもので、1099年に書き写したという意味の奥書がある。
- 'Shinpukuji bon' has been handed down by the Shinpuku-ji Temple in Nagoya City, and it bears a postscript stating that it was transcribed in 1099.
- 「今の時に当たりて、其の失(あやまり)を改めずは、未だ幾年をも経ずしてその旨滅びなんとす。」
- The original intentions will be lost within a few years unless corrected now.'
- 他に、英訳で重要なものとしては、抄訳ではあるが、ヘレン・マカラウのものがある(1994年)。
- Another important English translation is that of Helen MCCULLOUGH (1994), although it is an abridged translation.
- しかし実際に『雨月物語』が刊行されたのは、その8年後の安永5年(1776年)のことであった。
- However, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' was actually published in 1776, eight years after its completion.
- 同年に叔父・政経を後見役に孫童子丸が家督を継ぎ近江・飛騨・出雲国・隠岐国守護職に補任される。
- In the same year, Sondojimaru who took the reins of the family with Masatsune, his uncle, as his guardian, was appointed to the military governor of the Omi, Hida, Izumo, and Oki provinces.
- 中世においては、年貢・所当・官物と呼ばれた租税を除いた全ての雑税を指して「公事」と呼ばれた。
- In the medieval period, all of miscellaneous taxes excluding land tax called nengu, shoto or kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) were called kuji.
- 西暦200年代頃の倭において矛、盾、木弓と鉄(或いは骨)の鏃が用いられていたとの記述がある。
- 'Gishiwajinden,' states that hoko (long-handled Chinese spear), shields, wooden bows, and arrowheads made of iron (or bone) were used in the 200s in Wakoku.
- 1876年、日本と朝鮮の間に日朝修好条規が締結され、これにより日本は釜山に居留地を獲得した。
- Japan concluded Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity with Korea in 1876; as a result, Japan acquired an enclave in Busan.
- 同地に伝わる伝承によると、晩年彼女は東海道を下る旅に出て、ここで病を得て歿したとされている。
- According to the tradition there, in her later years she attempted a journey down the Tokaido but fell ill and passed away there.
- 1919年当時の所有者については、参考文献に挙げた『秘宝三十六歌仙の流転 絵巻切断』による。
- Information about owners in 1919 is based on 'Hiho Sanju-roku Kasen no Ruten: Emaki Setsudan' in References.
- 源 親行(みなもと の ちかゆき、生没年不詳)は、鎌倉時代前期の文人政治家・古典学者・歌人。
- MINAMOTO no Chikayuki (year of birth and death unknown) was a writer and politician, a classical scholar, and a poet who lived in the first half of the Kamakura period.
- その後、同科が改組されてできた東京商業学校(現一橋大学)第三部露語科を1886年1月に中退。
- Then, in January 1886, he left the Russian language school of the third department at Tokyo Shogyo Gakko (Tokyo Commercial College, present-day Hitotsubashi University), that was established by reorganization, before graduating from it.
- ロナルド・フィリップ・ドーア『国際・学際研究システムとしての日本企業』NTT出版 1995年
- 'Japan Corporate, a System of the International and Interdisciplinary Research' by Ronald Philip Dore, NTT Publishing Co., Ltd, 1995
- 彼女をしのんで毎年4月第3日曜日に花供養が行われ、嶋原から太夫が参拝し訪問客に花を添えている。
- A memorial flower festival to reminisce about her is held on the third Sunday in April, and Tayu from Shimabara visit here offering flowers to the visitors.
- 896年(寛平8)12月16日、従四位下に昇叙し、式部少輔・大学頭・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- December 16, 896: He was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), while his four court appointments remained unchanged.
- 翌年の春、匂宮の中の君への思いはますます募るようになり、夕霧の六の君との縁談にも気が進まない。
- The following spring, Nioumiya comes to love Naka no Kimi more and more, and he is in no mood for the proposal of marriage with Yugiri's Roku no Kimi (Yugiri's sixth daughter).
- 秋成が、処女作の浮世草子『諸道聴耳世間猿』を刊行した明和3年、都賀庭鐘の『繁野話』が世に出た。
- When Akinari published his first ukiyo zoshi, 'Shodo kikimimi sekenzaru' in 1766, Teisho TSUGA brought out 'Shigeshige Yawa.'
- これに符合して、胆沢城跡から出土した年代不明の漆紙文書に、柴田郡から徴発した人員の名簿がある。
- In concert with this, urushigami monjo (Lacquer documents) excavated from the site of Isawa-jo Castle for which the year of creation is unknown contained Myobo (identification) of personnel requisitioned from Shibata County.
- 1900年には韓国政府は通信院を設置し万国郵便連合(UPU)にも加盟し、国際的郵便網に入った。
- In 1900, the Korean government set up 通信院 (Communication Institute) and became a member of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) to join the international postal network.
- その日記『永仁三年記』は太田の家に伝えられ、やがて室町時代に加賀前司町野淳康が継承したという。
- His diary 'A Record of Einin Three Years' was handed down in the Ota family, and then inherited by Kaga no zenji, former Governor of Kaga Province, Junko MACHINO in the Muromachi period.
- 抽選会は1919年12月20日、東京の御殿山(現・品川区北品川)にあった益田の自邸で行われた。
- The lottery was held on December 20, 1919, at the Masuda's residence in Gotenyama (present-day Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa Ward), Tokyo.
- また丸善・京都店(2005年10月閉店)にはレモンを置き去る人があとを絶たなかったといわれる。
- It is also said that there has been no end to the number of people who have visited Maruzen's Kyoto branch (closed in October 2005) and left a lemon.
- 『五代帝王物語』(ごだいていおうものがたり)は、鎌倉時代後期に書かれた編年体の歴史物語である。
- Godai Teio Monogatari is a historical tale which was written in the late Kamakura period and arranged in chronological order.
- とある如く、いずれの歌にも年老いた者を若返らせる「をち水」を求める切実な心が詠み込まれている。
- As it can be seen from above, each poem expresses an earnest desire to seek 'ochimizu' that brings back youth to an aged person.
- 実際に収入は年を追うごとに減少しており、三条西家の経済が崩壊していく動きを見て取ることができる。
- In fact, his income had decreased year by year, and you can see the process of the Sanjonishi family's economical collapse in the diary.
- 僧俊海の子として生まれ、1150年頃叔父である藤原俊成の養子となり、長じて従五位・中務省に至る。
- He was born to the priest Shunkai, and around 1150 he was adopted by his uncle FUJIWARA no Toshinari, growing up to have Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank) and work at the Ministry of Central Affairs.
- 定子が一条天皇の中宮に立てられたため、正暦元年(990)10月26日、従五位上から正三位に昇叙。
- Because her daughter Teishi became chugu (the second consort of an emperor) of Emperor Ichijo, she was raised from Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) on October 26, 990.
- 『河内本源氏物語校異集成』加藤洋介編(風間書房、2001年)ISBN 4-7599-1260-6
- 'Kawachibon of Match-up Corpus of The Tale of Genji' Yosuke KATO (Kazama Shobo, Co., Ltd., 2001) ISBN 4-7599-1260-6
- 'Kawachibon of Match-up corpus of The Tale of Genji' edited by Yosuke KATO (Kazamashobo Co., Ltd., 2001) ISBN 4-7599-1260-6
- 柄井川柳の死後も『誹風柳多留』は毎年刊行され、幕末(1838年、天保9年)まで167編を数えた。
- 'Haifu-Yanagidaru' was published every year until 1838, even after the death of Senryu KARAI, coming to 167 issues.
- この瓦版は「文政二己卯年大角力」と題され、擬人化されたナマズと神々が相撲をとる姿が描かれている。
- This kawaraban was titled as 'year 2 of the Bunsei era (1819), year of Tsuchinoto (16th year of the sexagenary cycle), ozumo (sumo wrestling) and it depicted a scene in which a personified catfish and a god sumo wrestling each other.
- 中国の書が600年ないし607年の遣隋使から日本にもたらされ、これらを参考に聖徳太子が著作した。
- First, Chinese books were brought to Japan by 'Kenzuishi' (a Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty, China) in 600 or 607 and Prince Shotoku wrote 'Sangyo Gisho' based on them.
- 晩年の作『金色夜叉』の粉本として、バーサ・クレイの『女より弱きもの』が堀啓子によって指摘された。
- Keiko HORI pointed out that Koyo modeled his work in his later years 'Konjiki Yasha' on 'Weaker Than a Woman' by Bertha M. Clay.
- 実隆の筆によるものと推測され、この年11月に長女を出産した妻の妊婦像である可能性が指摘されている。
- It is conjectured that Sanetaka drew the picture, and some people pointed out that the woman in the nude could be his wife, who gave birth to the first daughter in November of the same year (old calendar).
- ほとんどの天皇については即位元年の末尾にこの大歳記事があるが、以下のようにいくつか例外が存在する。
- This article of tai sui exists in the end of the first year of enthronement for almost all emperors, but there are some exceptions.
- 敦道親王が亡くなった後の、喪に服している一年の間(寛弘5年、1008年)に書かれたと言われている。
- It is believed that this work was written in 1008, during the one-year mourning period for Imperial Prince Atsumichi.
- 2008年には、京都市などが中心となって、源氏物語千年紀と称して、各種のイベントが予定されている。
- In 2008, various events called 'The Millennium of 'The Tale of Genji'' were scheduled to be held, centering on Kyoto City.
- さらに官人の叙位に影響する評定年数の二年分短縮や、蔭位授与制度の調整など、官人機構の改革を行った。
- Further, the reform of the system of governmental posts was carried out, such as the shortening of grading of the years, which influenced the appointing of posts of the governmental officials, by two years, and adjustment of the system of granting oni (the automatic promotion system in which the persons at the age of 21, whose parents are from Imperial to the fifth rank or whose grandparents are upper than third rank, are conferred an Imperial title).
- 1300年の前後数年がどういう時代であったかというと、既に見てきたとおり執権北条貞時の時代である。
- As for the years around 1300, it was the reign of regent Sadatoki HOJO, as previously mentioned.
- 黄表紙(きびょうし)は江戸時代中期の1775年以降に流行した草双紙(一種の絵本)のジャンルの一つ。
- Kibyoshi is one of the genres of kusazoshi (illustrated story books) which was popular after 1775, the mid-Edo period.
- この前年の末に、大学在学中ながら読売新聞に入社し、以後紅葉の作品の重要な発表舞台は読売新聞となる。
- At the end of the previous year, he joined the Yomiuri Shimbun (a daily newspaper) while attending the university; since then, the newspaper was his primary medium for publishing his works.
- 彼の経歴を考えると、平家に弱年より仕えていることから父である季遠も平家の御家人であった可能性が高い。
- Taking into consideration the fact that he had been serving the Taira family since he was young, his father Sueto was probably gokenin of the Taira family, too.
- 生没年は不詳であるが、5月24日 (旧暦)(または月遅れで新暦6月24日)が「蝉丸忌」とされている。
- The years of his birth and death are unknown, but May 24 (by the old lunar calendar, or June 24 in the solar calendar) is regarded as 'Semimaru Ki' (the anniversary of Semimaru's death).
- こうした戦前の業績をうけて、現代の作家、詩人たちによる連句の試みが、1960年代後半からはじまった。
- Under the influence of this and other prewar scholarly works, contemporary writers and poets of the late 1960s began to try their own hands at creating renku.
- 奥村恒哉は、作者名の表記の仕方から、天暦9年から天徳 (日本)2年(958年)の間に成立したとする。
- Tsuneya OKUMURA argues that it was completed between 955 and 958, judging from the way of spelling the poets' names.
- 『源氏物語別本集成 続』(全15巻の予定)伊井春樹他源氏物語別本集成刊行会(おうふう、2005年~)
- 'Genji Betsubon, Another Tale of Genji Corpus 2' (to be published in 15 vols.) Haruki II et al. Genji Betsubon, Another Tale of Genji Corpus Publication (Ofu, since 2005)
- 'Genji Betsubon, Another Tale of Genji corpus 2' (scheduled to be 15 volumes in total) Haruki II et al. Committee for Publishing The Tale of Genji Betsubon Corpus (Ofu, since 2005)
- 編纂までにかかった期間は21年間、三代の天皇にわたる事業にずっと携わったのは、藤原緒嗣一人であった。
- It took 21 years to compile the book, but only FUJIWARA no Otsugu had been involved in the whole project over the three generations of emperors.
- 未決中に重病になった無宿の拘留者や身寄りのない15歳未満の幼年者は、非人頭が管理する溜に預けられた。
- A person of mushuku who became sick during detention pending trial or a person under the age of 15 who had no relatives was taken to tamari, which was managed by hiningashira (the head of people who belonged to none of the four 'classes' of the Edo period and was therefore considered an outcast)..
- 保元の乱に関する史料としては、『兵範記』『愚管抄』『百錬抄』『帝王編年記』などを挙げることができる。
- Historical texts describing the Hogen Disturbance include the 'Heihan-ki,' 'Gukansho,' 'Hyakurensho,' and 'Teio Hen-nenki.'
- すなわち、毎年娘をさらうのは河川の氾濫の象徴であり、それが退治されたことは、治水を表しているとする。
- In short, to kidnap a girl every year symbolizes the flooding of a river, and to destroy it means to improve the river.
- また翌年、ウラジーミル・アレクサンドロヴィチの葬儀のために雪の中でずっと立っていたことが災いし発熱。
- In addition, the next year he became feverish because of having been constantly standing in the snow during Vladimir Alexandrovich's funeral.
- 本文の月日は欠けているものの、『日本紀略』等から、師輔の出家は天徳4年5月2日であることが確認される。
- The date of Morosuke's becoming a monk is confirmed to have been on June 3, 960 by the 'Nihon kiryaku' (Abstracted Records of Japan) etc., although the date is missing in the text.
- 成立年は明らかにされていないが、原本は当然現存せず、最古の写本は天正年間(安土桃山時代)のものである。
- The year of completion is unknown, and of course the original manuscript is not extant; the oldest manuscript was made during the Tensho era (Azuchi-Momoyama period).
- 御門と和歌を遣り取りするようになって三年の月日が経った頃、かぐや姫は月を見て物思いに耽るようになった。
- Three years have passed since she started to exchange poems with the Mikado, and Princess Kaguya comes to be lost in deep thought whenever she looks at the moon.
- 一条天皇朝の正暦年間(実は永延の始め)を上限に、代々の勅撰集に漏れた秀歌や、当代の歌人の作品を収める。
- It contains excellent poems that had not been selected for the successive Chokusenshu (anthologies of poems collected by imperial command) and poems composed by the contemporary poets; the oldest poems were made during 990 to 995 (in fact, the beginning of the period from 987 and 989), the reign of the Emperor Ichijo.
- 鏡山いざたちよりて見てゆかむ年へぬる身は老いやしぬると(古今集899。左註に黒主の歌かとする説を記す)
- Let's drop by Mt.Kagami (鏡山) and look at myself in a mirror like its name (鏡 means mirror, 山 means mountain) whether I get old or not (Kokin Wakashu 899, there was a comment that said it might be Kuronushi's poem).
- 唐十郎による〈唐版 とりかえばや物語〉『きみと代わる日』(主婦と生活社)も1998年に発行されている。
- Juro KARA adapted Torikaebaya Monogatari for a novel called 'The Day We Switched Our Roles' (Shufu To Seikatsu Sha Co., Ltd.), and published it in 1998.
- 談林派が十年ほどの短い最盛期を終えると、その後には松尾芭蕉があらわれ、「蕉風」と呼ばれる作風を示した。
- After the Danrin school finished its short golden age, Basho MATSUO appeared and established the new style called 'bafu.'
- 翌年になって、伊周と隆家は、花山天皇に矢を射掛けた罪によって大宰権帥・出雲国権守にそれぞれ左降・配流。
- The following year, Korechika and Takaie were exiled and demoted for the crime of rebellion against Emperor Kazan; Korechika was moved down to Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), and Takaie was to Gon no kami (Provisional Governor) of Izumo Province.
- 一方、貴子腹の嫡男も急速に昇進し、正暦三年十九歳にして権大納言に任ぜられ、翌々年さらに内大臣に昇った。
- Kishi's eldest son, Korechika, was also promoted quickly, being appointed Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) at the age of nineteen, in 992, and two years later advanced to Minister of the Center.
- もっとも、本人同士は年齢や宮仕えの年代も10年近く異なるため、実際に面識は無かったものと見られている。
- However, these two people were distant in age and served the Imperial Court in different times (nearly a decade), so they seem not to have known each other.
- 大宝元年、大宝令の編纂にも携わった粟田真人が遣唐使(執節使)に任命され、文武天皇から節刀を授けられた。
- In 701, AWATA no Mahito, who was involved in the compilation of Taiho Code, was appointed as a Kento-shi (Shissetsu-shi), and was given setto (a sword given by the emperor in the symbol of his trust to the appointment of someone to a mission) by Emperor Monmu.
- その一方で、自己の年中行事や法会など臨時の行事の際に恒例の年貢とともに「公事」を徴収するようになった。
- At the same time, they began to impose 'kuji' in addition to usual nengu at the time of annual event or any extra event such as Buddhist mass.
- 宗宣はその宣時の子であり、1302年当時は一番引付頭人で官途奉行、翌年北条宗方とともに越訴頭人となる。
- Munenobu was a son of Nobutoki, and was the first head of the legal office and Kanto-bugyo, a commissioner of the appointment to an office in 1302, becoming the chief of suit together with Munekata HOJO in the following year.
- 少年の日、高麗の人相見が彼に告げた「その身は帝王にあらず、臣下にあらず」という予言はみごとに的中する。
- When he was a boy, a Goryeo physiognomist prophesied that he would become neither Emperor nor subject, which comes true.
- 前述の「花の色は..」の歌は、花が色あせていくのと同じく自分も年老いていく姿を嘆き歌ったものとされる。
- The poem mentioned above, 'The flowers lost their colors …,' is considered to reflect her lamentation of aging, like the fading of flowers.
- しかし、麻呂とも早くに死別し、養老末年頃、異母兄の大伴宿奈麻呂の妻となり、坂上大嬢と坂上二嬢を産んだ。
- He also died early, however, and around the last days of the Yoro period, she married her older paternal half-brother OTOMO no Sukunamaro by whom she had two daughters, SAKANOUE no Oiratsume and SAKANOUE no Otoiratsume.
- その後905年に『古今和歌集』が編纂されるまで、和歌は日本文学の中で漢詩と対等な位置を得られなかった。
- It was not until 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled in 905 that waka (Japanese poetry written in Japanese characters rather than Chinese characters) stood on an equal footing to kanshi in Japanese literature.
- 書名は当初『本朝編年録』であったが、中国宋代の史書『資治通鑑』に倣い、『本朝通鑑』に変更されたという。
- The title of the book was 'Honchohennenroku' at first, but it was changed to 'Honchotsugan' modeled on 'shijitsugan,' a history book of Sung dynasty in China.
- しかしその年、美妙は新しく出る雑誌『都の花』の主筆に迎えられることとなり、紅葉と縁を絶つことになった。
- In the same year, however, Bimyo was appointed to the chief editor of a new magazine 'Miyako no hana' and severed his relations with Koyo.
- 承平年間に行なわれた講筵などは、天慶の動乱のために一時中断したとは言え、終講までに実に7年を要している。
- For example, a lecture in the Johei era took seven years, although it was interrupted because of the Tengyo War.
- 水戸徳川家による『大日本史』の史料探索中、延宝年間に金沢文庫本を発見し、10冊に書写して世間に流布した。
- While the Mito Tokugawa family was searching for historical materials in 'Dainihon shi' (Great History of Japan) during the Enpo era, the chronicle was found in the Kanazawa library and they made ten copies of the manuscript, which were put into circulation.
- 大友村主氏は諸蕃(渡来人の子孫)で、『続日本後紀』承和 (日本)四年十二月条に「後漢献帝苗裔也」とある。
- The Otomo-suguri clan was Shoban (descendent of people from overseas) and it said 'he was the descendent of Kentei (the last emperor) of the Later Han Dynasty' in the Article of January, 838 of 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued).
- 高階 貴子(たかしなの きし・たかこ、生年不詳 - 長徳二年(996年)10月没)は平安時代の女流歌人。
- TAKASHINA no Kishi/Takako (date of birth unknown -October 966) was a female poet who lived in the Heian period.
- 参議院議員の弦念丸呈(ツルネン・マルテイ)が1980年にフィンランド語の翻訳(但し抄訳)を出版している。
- Mrtti TURUNEN, a member of the House of Councilors, made a Finnish translation (although abridged), which was published in 1980.
- 2005年11月 うずらっぱ (Beepa) により石田彰を読み手として「菊花の約」が朗読CD化された。
- In November 2005, 'The Chrysanthemum Vow' was adapted for a recitation CD read by Akira ISHIDA and produced by U-zra8 (Beepa).
- また、15歳未満の幼年者や障害者(座に属する盲人を除く)が追放・遠島に相当する場合には親族に預けられた。
- Also, when a person under the age of 15 or a person with disabilities (except blind people who belonged to za [a trade association]) was expelled or ento (to be exiled to a remote island), such person was taken to his/her relatives.
- なお朝鮮では1884年に洪英植の指導の下で近代的郵便事業が開始されていたが、甲申政変の影響で閉鎖された。
- A modern postal service was established in Korea in 1884 under the leadership of Hong Young Shik, which had to be closed due to Gapsin Coup.
- 続日本後紀(しょくにほんこうき)は、日本の平安時代の869年に成立された歴史書で、六国史の第四にあたる。
- Shoku Nihon Koki is a history compiled in 869 during the Heian period in Japan, and is the fourth of the Six National Histories (Rikkokushi).
- 源氏は頭中将に真相を打明け、入内にむけてまずは玉鬘の裳着(古代女性の成年式)を行うことを二人は話しあう。
- Genji confesses the truth to To no Chujo, and they makes plans for her initiation ceremony of tying the ceremonial apron for her bridal entry into court.
- 『吾妻鏡』と同じく後年の編纂である『百錬抄』にも、このときに「義仲追討の宣旨が出された」との記載がある。
- 'Hyakuren-sho,' which was also compiled later as well as 'Azuma Kagami,' contains an account saying that 'an Imperial order to send a punitive force against Yoshinaka was issued.'
- 西陣の織元である好色な老人・甚造の贔屓を得て、一年後には夕子は五番町で一、二を争う売れっ妓になっていた。
- Having a patron named Jinzo, a lusting old man who was a textile manufacturer in Nishijin, Yuko became one of the top-selling prostitutes in Goban-cho within a year.
- 『代匠記』が着手されたのは天和3年の頃であり、「初稿本」は貞享4年頃に、「精選本」は元禄3年に成立した。
- The creation of 'Daishoki' started around 1683 and 'the first edition' was completed around 1687 followed by 'the final version' in 1690.
- 翌年の天武天皇4年(675年)の2月13日には、十市皇女と阿陪皇女(後の元明天皇)が伊勢神宮に参詣した。
- On March 17, 675, the following year, Tochi no Himemiko and Princess Ahe (later Empress Genmei) visited Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 天和3年 (1683)、曾我兄弟の仇討ちの後日談を描いた『世継曾我』(よつぎそが)が宇治座で上演された。
- In 1683 'Yotsugi Soga' (The Soga Successor), which tells the story following the Soga brothers' revenge, was performed in the Uji-za theater.
- 飯富 季貞(おぶ すえさだ/源 季貞(みなもと の すえさだ)、生没年不詳)は、平安時代末期の武将・歌人。
- Suesada OBU (also known as MINAMOTO no Suesada) (years of birth and death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander) and a poet who lived in the late Heian period.
- その後も雲居雁とは密かに文を交わし続けること六年、とうとう内大臣が折れて二人の結婚を認めた(「藤裏葉」)。
- However, even after the separation, he has secretly exchanged letters with Kumoi no Kari for six years, and the Minister of the Center finally gives in to him and approves their marriage (Fuji no Uraba (Wisteria Leaves)).
- 天治元年(1124)末、初めて奏覧した(初度本)が、不備があり天治二年四月頃、改訂本を再度奏覧(二度本)。
- At the end of 1124, it was first submitted to the Emperor for inspection (shodo bon, the first book), though it had deficiencies and the revised book was submitted (nido bon, the second book) around May, 1125.
- 近年では中西進が、序詞と枕詞をいずれも「連合表現」と括って、あまり両者を区別するべきではないと説いている。
- In recent years, Susumu NAKANISHI explains that both jokotoba and makurakotoba must be put together as an 'associated expression' and must not be distinguished too strictly.
- 院歌壇の歌人のほとんどが編纂に参加し、何十年にもわたって改訂工作が続いたという、八代集の中でも稀有な存在。
- Most of the people in the inkadan (poetry circles of In) joined in the compilation, and the work of revision and creation continued over a span of several decades, which was unusual among the Hachidaishu.
- 11世紀の前九年の役では軍団兵士の活動が見当たらず、この頃までに廃絶したかまったく形骸化したと考えられる。
- Since there were no materials showing the activities by soldiers in Gundan in the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War) in the 11th century, it is considered that Natori-dan was abolished or lost substance completely before that time.
- しかし短期間で郵便事業は行き詰まり、1898年にはフランス人クレマンセーが通信事業の顧問として招聘された。
- However the postal service was soon left stranded therefore a French man Clemenceau (クレマンセー) was invited as an advisor in 1898.
- これを最初の書写と同じ形式で書き写させて全47帖とし、その目次も兼ねて年譜1帖を書き下ろし全48帖とした。
- He ordered copies of them to be made in the same format as the first copied book and made 47 volumes in total, and then wrote a volume of chronology and a contents table, creating 48 volumes in total.
- Hiroaki had these volumes transcribed in the same format as the previously transcribed volumes to create a complete 47-volume set plus an additional contents and chronology volume to make 48 volumes.
- 平安時代後期には抄本が流布していたとされ、最古の写本である保延年間のものは、類聚国史から本文を補っている。
- It is said that abridged manuscripts were circulating in the late Heian period, and that the oldest of these (from the Hoen era) was supplemented by using text from Ruiju Kokushi (Classified National History).
- その点で、「サラリーマン川柳」からブームとなった一般公募による川柳は、投稿者も若年世代から老人まで幅広い。
- On the other hand, senryu contests inviting contributions from the public, which started with the 'Salaryman Senryu' and have gained in popularity, have a wide range of contributors from that younger generation to older people.
- 森鴎外らが訳詩集『於母影』(1889年)を出すにあたって、396番歌を題名の典拠としたことはよく知られる。
- It is widely known that when Ogai MORI and others published the 'Omokage' (Vestiges, 1889), an anthology of poems in translation, they used the 396th poem of the Manyoshu as the source for its title.
- 「古典の日推進委員会」は、「源氏物語千年紀委員会」とほぼ同じ役員構成で、村田理事長が会長を引き継いでいる。
- The board of 'the committee for promoting Classics Day' has almost the same composition as 'the committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji', and the president Murata succeeded as its president.
- 第一次大戦の終戦による経済状況の悪化に伴い、山本は早くも1919年にはこの絵巻を手放さざるをえなくなった。
- Due to the economic decline after World War I, Yamamoto was already required to give up the hand scrolls in 1919.
- 神亀年間(724年-729年)には、大宰帥として九州の大宰府に赴任し、山上憶良とともに筑紫歌壇を形成した。
- Between 724 to 729, he served as Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazaifu offices) in Dazaifu, Kyushu where he formed Chikushi Kadan (a poetry circle in Chikushi Province [Tsukushi Province]) with YAMANOUE no Okura.
- 国内で好評を博しただけでなく、1830年代ヨーロッパに渡り、フランスの印象派の画家に影響を与えたとされる。
- They were not only well received in Japan, but also introduced in Europe in the 1830s and influenced the French impressionists.
- 1812年秋頃、後援者で門人の牧墨僊(1775年~1824年)宅に半年ほど逗留し300余りの下絵を描いた。
- Around the autumn of 1812, he stayed at the home of Bokusen MAKI (1775 to 1824), Hokusai's patron and pupil, for approximately a half year and drew over 300 sketches.
- 正徳5年 (1715) の時代物『国性爺合戦』は、10月から竹本座にて17ヶ月の連続公演となる人気を博す。
- 'Kokusenya Kassen,' a jidaimono first performed in 1715, enjoyed great popularity and was staged at the Takemoto-za theater for seventeen months in a row starting from October.
- しかし、神は人を哀れみ、少しでも若返りできるよう、その時から毎年、節祭の祭日に「若水」を送ることとなった。
- However, gods pitied humans, and every year since then, they send 'wakamizu' on the day of the setsusai so that the humans can regain a little bit of their youth.
- あるいは、それゆえに現存するものは作成年代が古事記などよりもずっと新しいものであるという論拠ともなっている。
- Or, this is the reason for the theory that the existing one was written much later than Kojiki and others.
- 『日本書紀』は、完全な編年体史書で、神代紀を除いたすべての記事は、年・月・日(干支)の様式で記載されている。
- 'Nihonshoki' is a history book written in a complete chronological order and all articles except Jindaiki are described in the style of year, month and date (shown by the Oriental zodiac).
- 通い始めて三年目の秋、八の宮不在の宇治邸を訪れた薫は、有明の月の下で箏と琵琶とを合奏する姫君たちを垣間見る。
- In the third fall since Kaoru started to visit them, he caught a glimpse of the daughters playing so (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) and biwa (a Japanese lute) under the remaining moon at dawn, when he visited the residence of Uji where Hachi no Miya was absent.
- しかし、近年は読み本系(ことに延慶本)の方が語り本系よりも古態を存するという見解の方が有力となってきている。
- In recent years, however, a view is dominant that the yomihon group (especially Engyobon) preserves the original style more than kataribon group does.
- 江戸幕府においては若年寄支配にて江戸城内の需要を満たすための工芸品製作が行う機関として城内に設置されていた。
- The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established Saikudokoro within a castle as an institution manufacturing handicrafts under the control of Wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in Edo bakufu), in order to satisfy demand within the Edo-jo Castle.
- 江戸時代に入り、天下泰平の世になると江戸幕府や各藩に置かれた軍制は約250年間戦争を経験しないまま存続した。
- After entering the Edo period, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and military organization placed in each domain ceased to experience war for about 250 years as Japan became peaceful.
- 2000年の『増補 吾妻鏡の方法』において五味文彦はどのようにアプローチしたのかというと主に次の2点である。
- Fumihiko GOMI examined the work in 'Enlarged Edition of the Method of Azuma Kagami' in 2000 on the following two points.
- 紙の年代が成立時期に重なることから、これが『今昔物語集』として最初に書かれた原本そのものである可能性もある。
- Given that the paper of the Suzuka manuscript was produced during the same period in which the collection appeared, there is a possibility that it is the actual first, original text of 'The Collection of Tales of Times Now Past.'
- 明治44年に『青鞜』発刊に参加、『そぞろごと』で賛辞を贈って巻頭を飾り、「新しい女の一人」として名を寄せた。
- In 1911, Akiko participated in the launch of the monthly magazine 'Seito' that opened with her poem 'Sozorogoto' that praised the magazine, and she was listed as 'one of the new women.'
- 琵琶を得意とし、趣味、教養、家柄、能力等、女官として申し分のない女性だが、年に似合わぬ色好みで有名であった。
- She was good at playing the biwa (Japanese lute), and a perfect court lady in regards to her hobby, education, social standing among her family, competence, and so on, however, she was known for her lustfulness despite her age.
- ※現時点では2001年・2008年シーズンの鹿島アントラーズ、2007年シーズンの浦和レッドダイヤモンズのみ
- *At this point only Kashima Antlers that won in the seasons of 2001 and 2008 and Urawa Red Diamonds that won in the season of 2007.
- また応神紀には『三国史記』と対応する記述があり、干支2順、120年繰り下げると、『三国史記』と年次が一致する。
- In addition, there is a description which corresponds to 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) in the section of Emperor Ojin, and the dates would correspond to 'Samguk Sagi' if they go back to two cycles of the Oriental zodiac, that is, 120 years.
- 現代の研究では、『古事記』や『日本書紀』の継体天皇以前の記述、特に編年は正確さを保証できないと考えられている。
- In today's researches, the descriptions on the events before the Emperor Keitai in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki,' especially the year of edition, are thought to be inaccurate.
- 松根東洋城は俳句について大正天皇から問われた1914年、「渋柿のごときものにては候へど」の句を奉答したという。
- Toyojo MATSUNE, in response to Emperor Taisho's question regarding haiku poetry in 1914, answered 'just like an astringent persimmon.'
- だが明治44年、佐佐木信綱らによって巻第二、巻第一と口伝集巻第一の断片、口伝集の巻第十一~第十四が発見された。
- However, in 1911 Nobutsuna SASAKI discovered the Book 2 and Book 1 of main parts, a fragment of Kuden shu Book 1, and Kuden shu Book 11 to Book 14.
- 原文からの完訳としては、豊子愷の翻訳『源氏物語上・中・下』(人民文学月報社、1980年から1982年)がある。
- FEN Zi-kai made a complete translation, 'The Tale of Genji, Vols. 1, 2 and 3,' from the original text (Jinmin Bungaku Gepposha, 1980 to 1982).
- ロイヤル・タイラーの訳(2001年)は一層この傾向を強めたもので、豊富な注を持ち、学問的な精確さを持っている。
- A translation by Royall TYLER (2001) enhanced this inclination with academic precision and copious notes.
- だが、大野の武家故実の研究がその規定に反する疑いが先著である『殿居囊』・『泰平年表』刊行の段階で持たれていた。
- However, it had been suspected that Ono's research about the customs and manners of samurai might have violated the regulation at the stage of publishing 'Tonoibukuro' and 'Taihei-nenpyo' (a chronicle of the Edo period).
- 1905年には日韓通信業務合同によって朝鮮半島全土の郵便事業が日本に接収され、在朝鮮日本郵便局に一本化された。
- In 1905, postal services all over Korean Peninsula were taken over by Japan under Japan-Korea Joint Communication Service and unified into Japan Post Office in Korea.
- 吾妻鏡は基本的には価値の高い史料であるが、源頼朝の死亡時期に、3年以上の記事がないなど欠落している箇所もある。
- Basically Azuma Kagami is a historical material of great value, but it has some parts missing over a three year period around the time of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's death.
- 1291(正応4)年に京都祇園の長楽寺の兼胤という僧が72歳の時に書写した東寺観智院旧蔵本が最古の写本である。
- The earliest manuscript is the one once belonging to To-ji Temple, Kanchiin, which was hand-copied in 1291 by Kenin of Choraku-ji Temple in Gion, Kyoto, at the age of 72.
- 兄北条経時は祖父泰時の後を継いで19歳で4代執権となるが、4年後に弟北条時頼に執権を譲り出家、直後に死亡する。
- The older brother Tsunetoki HOJO succeeded to his grandfather Yasutoki to be the fourth regent when he was 19, but 4 years later he abdicated in favor of his younger brother Tokiyori HOJO to become a priest, but passed away immediately after.
- 1991年にはこの『私本太平記』を原作に、日本放送協会大河ドラマ『太平記 (NHK大河ドラマ)』が放送された。
- In 1991, a drama 'Taiheiki' (NHK Taiga drama) based on this 'Shihon Taiheiki' was made and broadcasted by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation.
- 『さゆり』(Memoirs of a Geisha)は、1997年に出版されたアーサー・ゴールデンによる小説。
- 'Sayuri' (Memoirs of a Geisha) was a novel by Arthur GOLDEN, published in 1997.
- 1960年代になって、ドイツ文学者の富士川英郎や小説家の中村真一郎たちが、江戸時代の漢詩文の再評価をはじめた。
- In the 1960's, Hideo FUJIKAWA, a scholar of German literature, Shinichiro NAKAMURA, a novelist, and others began to reevaluate the Chinese poetry and prose from the Edo period.
- 今日の学説では、初代神武天皇の即位年を辛酉(紀元前660年)とすることによって、年代を古くに引き上げたとされる。
- According to today's theory, it is considered that the dates were altered into older dates by defining the year of Emperor Jinmu's enthronement as Kanototori (660 B.C.).
- 実隆の時代には公家は政治の実際から外れ、朝儀として正式に行われた儀式は元日を含め、年に数回あるかどうかであった。
- In Sanetaka's time, court nobles kept out of politics, so only a few official ceremonies were conducted by the Imperial court including New Year's Day.
- 石川・安東は亡くなったが、大岡、丸谷を中心に2006年現在も雑誌『すばる』誌上を中心に連句興行が続けられている。
- Although Ishikawa and Ando have already passed away, Oka and Maruya have continued, as of 2006, to hold gatherings to create renku, the results of which are published in the magazine 'Subaru.'
- とくに倉野憲司による岩波文庫版は、1963年の初版刊行以来、通算で約100万部に達するロングセラーとなっている。
- The Iwanami paperback edition by Kenji KURANO has sold a total of one million copies since it was first published in 1963, and became a long-selling book.
- 右田弘詮は、1501年(文亀元)頃、その写本42帖を手に入れることが出来、数人の筆生を雇い書き写させて秘蔵した。
- Hiroaki MIGITA could get 42 volumes of the copied manuscript around 1501, and hired a few amanuenses to make copies which he treasured.
- 更に翌年には貞時が直接下した裁定には越訴を認めないなどそれまでの得宗体制には見られなかった専制の度合いを強める。
- Moreover, in the following year, he came to exercise dictatorship over the people, not approving a direct appeal (to a senior official without going through the normal formalities) for the lawsuit for which Sadatoki himself had already given a decision, which was not seen in the Tokuso administration.
- 大江広元も顕彰されているところから、その子孫で1300年前後に評定衆、寄合衆であった長井宗秀もまた浮かびあがる。
- Because Hiromoto OE was also praised, his descendant, Munehide NAGAI, who was on Hyojo-shu (Council of State), and also Yoriai-shu (Tokuso's close group who decided politics) around 1300, is also seen as a possible compiler.
- 少年期比叡山で修学したが離山、後に仁和寺に入寺し、「袖中抄(しゅうちゅうしょう)」など多くの歌学書を著している。
- As a boy, he studied in Mt. Hiei but left there, and later he entered Ninna-ji Temple, writing many books on waka poetry such as 'Shochusho.'
- これ以降、日本でも本格的・体系的な蘭方医学教育が行われ、4年後には蘭方専門の医療機関である長崎養生所創設に至る。
- After this, the full-scale and systematic education of Ranpoigaku was started in Japan, and four years later Nagasaki Yojojo (hospital), a Ranpoigaku-dedicated medical institution, was established.
- 1997年には、松林図屏風とそっくりな作品が発見されており、等伯にごく近い絵師が本作を模倣したものと推定される。
- A close replica of 'Pine Trees' was found in 1997 and it was assumed that a painter who was very close to Tohaku imitated the masterpiece.
- 宗達の代表作の一つだが、明治時代後半にアメリカ合衆国に輸出され、1960年代まであまり存在を知られていなかった。
- Although it is one of Sotatsu's masterpieces, it was not widely known about until the 1960s because it was exported to the U.S. during the late Meiji Period.
- 鏡王女(かがみのおおきみ、生年不詳 - 天武天皇12年7月5日 (旧暦)(683年8月2日))は藤原鎌足の正妻。
- Kagami no Okimi (year of birth unknown - August 5, 683) was a legal wife of FUJIWARA no Kamatari.
- 浄弁(じょうべん、生年不詳 - 延文元年/正平 (日本)11年(1356年)頃?)は、鎌倉時代の天台宗の僧・歌人。
- Joben (date of birth unknown - around 1356?) was a poet and a Tendai sect monk who lived during the Kamakura period.
- 10年後の1623年(元和 (日本)9年)、紫衣事件の勅許を得た後、塔頭竹林院に隠居し、茶室安楽庵で余生を送った。
- Ten years later, in 1623, after receiving Imperial sanction for his involvement in the Shie Incident, he retired to the Chikurinin sub-temple, spending his remaining years at the Anrakuan tea-house.
- 作者については、近世までは『保元物語』と同一とみる理解が通説であったが、近年は別人であると考えるのが一般的である。
- It was a common view that the author of the story was the same as that of 'Hogen Monogatari' until the early-modern times, but in recent years it has generally been assumed that the two works were written by different authors.
- 従来の韓国切手は6月30日を持って売り捌きは中止され、残された切手も1909年8月31日を持って使用禁止になった。
- The sales of old Korean stamps were finished on June 30, 1909, and use of remaining stamps was also banned on August 30.
- そのため1910年の韓国併合を前に、従来は在朝鮮日本郵便局に限られていた日本切手が朝鮮全土で使われるようになった。
- Therefore even before the annexation of Korea, use of Japanese stamps, which used to be limited in Japanese post offices in Korea, expanded to all over Korea.
- 韓国併合直前の1909年頃には、通信事業の職員や設備が暴徒に襲撃され死傷者を出す事件が多発したこともあったという。
- Just before the annexation of Korea in 1909, the staffs and facilities of communication services were frequently attacked by insurgents, which caused causalities.
- このため翌年、後継の織田信休は丹波国氷上郡丹波柏原藩2万石に減封のうえ国替となり、宇陀松山藩は廃藩となり終焉した。
- In the following year, the successor Nobuyasu ODA was deprived of his territory and transferred to the Tanba Kaibara Domain in Hikami District in Tanba Province (20000 koku), and the Uda-Matsuyama Domain was abolished and ended.
- 関ヶ原の戦い以後に獲得した幕府領を預地として大名らに預けて代わりに統治を行わせ、幕府はその年貢収入を獲得していた。
- Then the bakufu entrusted as Azukarichi the bakufu territories gained after the Battle of Sekigahara to Daimyo who were made to govern instead, and the bakufu gained the land tax income.
- その間、幕府によって永仁六年に京極為兼は佐渡国へ配流、伏見天皇も譲位を強いられ、勅撰の議は中断せざるを得なかった。
- During that period in 1298, there was no choice but to stop the compilation of the imperial anthology because Tamekane KYOGOKU was exiled to Sado Province by the bakufu and Emperor Fushimi was forced to abdicate the throne.
- 大坂在住の文人・木村兼葭堂(1736 - 1802年)の『蒹葭堂雑録』によると、元は下鴨神社に伝来したものである。
- According to 'Kenkado Zatsuroku' by Osaka-based man of literature, Kenkado KIMURA (1736-1802), the Satake version was originally a hereditary article of the Shimogamo-jinja Shrine.
- 三重県名張市の夏見廃寺(国史跡)は、「大来皇女が発願し、725年に完成した昌福寺(『薬師寺縁起』)」とされている。
- Natsumi-haiji Ruined Temple (national historical site) in Nabari City, Mie Prefecture is considered 'Shofuku-ji Temple, which was completed in 725 as part of a vow made by Oku no Himemiko' ('Yakushiji Engi' [The History of the Yakushi-ji Temple]).
- 1840年代前半に幕府により実施された天保の改革は質素倹約を旨とし、贅沢品とみなされた浮世絵は規制の対象となった。
- Tenpo Reforms implemented by the shogunate in the first half of the 1840s encouraged simplicity and frugality and ukiyo-e became the target of regulation because it was deemed as a luxury item.
- なお、1965年に臨川書店より刊行された『増補史料大成』(ここでは2,3巻)は『史料大成』の復刻版の意味合いが強い。
- A Supplement to the 'Grand Collection of Historical Materials' (volume 2 and 3) published by the Rinsen Book Co. in 1965 was almost like a reprinted edition of 'Grand Collection of Historical Materials.'
- 記事に3年分の欠損はあるが、島津本の『吾妻鏡脱漏』部分を全て含み、それ以外にも日の単位で数百箇所が吉川本のみにある。
- Although it has three years of missing accounts, it contains the whole 'The Omitted Portion of Azuma Kagami,' and other than this there are hundreds of daily entries which exist only in the Yoshikawabon.
- 京の公家の日記に初めて義仲の名が登場するのはそれから2年後の『玉葉』1183年(寿永2年)5月16日条が初見である。
- It was two years later in the entry 'Gyokuyo' dated May 16, 1183, that the name of Yoshinaka first appeared in the diary of court noble in Kyo.
- 「源氏物語千年紀委員会」は同事業が終了した後2009年3月に現在の名称「古典の日推進委員会」に改組されたものである。
- After the project was completed, 'the committee of the thousand-year anniversary of the Tale of Genji' was reorganized into the present 'committee for promoting Classics Day' in March 2009.
- 文久2年に江戸で麻疹が広まった際に描かれた一連のはしか絵では、7年前の鯰絵に構図を借りた作品がしばしば見受けられる。
- Among a series of hashika-e painted at the time when measles prevailed during Edo in 1862, we see several works that borrowed the composition from namazu-e of seven years before.
- 1946年生まれの著者が、本居宣長のいう「漢意(からごころ)」を実感として分かってしまった、とこれを逡巡・考察する。
- The author, born in 1946, actually realized 'the Chinese spirit' claimed by Norinaga MOTOORI, and hesitantly considered it.
- 元禄年間に早くも複数の系統が成立していることが、多くの写本の奥書から知られ、貴重な資料として喜ばれた様子が見て取れる。
- The colophons of many manuscripts show the fact that several lines had already appeared in the Genroku era, and it can be understood that the book was prized as precious source material.
- 東国・上総国(現在の千葉県)の国府に任官していた父とともに寛仁4年9月平安京(現在の京都市)へ帰国するところから起筆。
- The author starts the diary from her return to Heiankyo (the present-day Kyoto city) between September and October in 1020 with her father, who had been appointed as an officer at a kokufu in Kazusa Province (the present Chiba Prefecture) in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
- また橋本直は2006年3月の現代俳句協会青年部勉強会で「季語の現在─本意の変遷と生成、その未来」の基調報告を行なった。
- Sunao HASHIMOTO made a keynote presentation called 'Kigo's Present - Transition and Generation of the Original Meaning, and Its Future' at the Youth Workshop of the Modern Haiku Society in March, 2006.
- 巻十九冒頭に「短歌」という標目で長歌が収録されていることは、古来、謎とされてきたが、2000年に新しい説が提示された。
- Since ancient times, it had remained a mystery that choka (long poems) were included under the heading of 'Tanka' (short poems) in the beginning of Volume 19 but, in 2000, a new explanation was offered.
- たとえば、歌壇の重鎮でありながら撰者の任に漏れた大納言源経信(1016~1097年)は、『難後拾遺』を著して論難した。
- For example, Dainagon (chief councilor of state) MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu (1016 - 1097), who was a leading figure in poetry circles but had not been chosen as the selector, wrote a book titled 'Nan Goshui' (A Criticism on Goshui Wakashu) in order to criticize the anthology.
- 補任帳は補任者の官位姓名及び任官日時が記載され、その年のうちに死去・異動によって職を離れた者は朱筆で訂正が加えられた。
- The official court rank, name, and appointed time of the appointed person were recorded in bunincho (Records of Bunin [appointment]), and the information of the person who left the job due to his death or transfer to another division within the same year was corrected with a red pen.
- つまり1302年前後の幕府・得宗家を支える主要メンバーの家の形成が『吾妻鏡』の中にきちんと織り込まれていることが解る。
- In short, the process of forming the important family members who supported the Tokuso family administration around 1302 can be seen in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 翌年の春、源氏は病気加持祈祷のため北山に赴き、そこで祖母の源氏物語の登場人物その他とともに住まう美貌の幼女を見かける。
- The following spring, Genji visits the Northern Hills to perform incantations, finding a beautiful little girl there who lives with her grandmother and others.
- また引退後著したと見られる有職故実書『北山抄』は摂関政治期における朝廷の儀式・年中行事の詳細が分かる貴重な史料である。
- Moreover, his 'Hokusansho' on court ceremonials, which seems to have been written after he retired, is a valuable historical source that shows the details of ceremonies and regular annual events at court during the Regency period.
- 翌年家を出て東京に移り、女性の官能をおおらかに謳う処女歌集『みだれ髪』を刊行し浪漫派の歌人としてのスタイルを確立した。
- In the following year she left her home and moved to Tokyo, and published her first poetry anthology 'Midaregami' (Tangled hair) that expressed female sensuality in open fashion with which she established her style as a romantic poet.
- 『日本紀』とする説は、『続日本紀』の上記養老四年五月癸酉条記事に、「書」の文字がなく日本紀と書かれていることを重視する。
- The theory of 'Nihongi' emphases that there is no character of 'sho' (書) in the above description on Mizunoto-Tori (kiyu), June 720 in 'Shoku Nihongi' but characters for Nihongi.
- 例年、『実隆公記』の元日は、これらの儀式について詳しく書かれているほか、朝廷の復興を望む記述が毎年のようになされている。
- Every year on the New Year's Day, Sanetaka wrote in 'Sanetaka Koki' about these ceremonies in detail and his hope of the restoration of imperial rule.
- 例えば、1054年のかに星雲の超新星爆発は、定家誕生以前の出来事であるが伝え聞いた内容として以下のように記載されている。
- For example, Teika has an entry on the 1054 supernova explosion in the Crab Nebula, despite the fact that this happened before he was born, meaning the entry was made as pure hearsay.
- 出家した浄音寺のある岐阜市では落語の祖といわれた策伝の名を冠した「全日本学生落語選手権・策伝大賞」が毎年開催されている。
- Every year in the city of Gifu, site of Joon-ji Temple, where Sakuden took the tonsure and became a monk, the 'Sakuden Great Prize of the All-Japan Student Rakugo Championship' is awarded as the highest prize, using Sakuden's name as the reputed father of Rakugo.
- 平成に入って最大の衝撃は、正岡子規以来の写生を受け継ぐ「アララギ」の終刊(1997年12月)とアララギ派の分裂であろう。
- The biggest surprises thus far in the Heisei period were most likely the end of 'Araragi,' which had been continuing the concept of shasei (portrayal) since the days of Shiki MASAOKA (on December 1997), and the break-up of the Araragi school.
- また、明和8年には、秋成の家業の嶋屋が火事で焼けたことなどを契機に都賀庭鐘から医学を学んだり、医院を開業したりしていた。
- After Akinari lost his family business (Shimaya) in a fire in 1771, he began to study medicine under Teisho TSUGA and opened a hospital.
- 戦争は日本に有利に進んでいき、最終的には日本が勝利することになるが、翌1905年に更なる譲歩を韓国政府に迫る事になった。
- The war progressed in Japan's favor and Japan won at last, which led Japan to demand further concession to the Korean government in 1905.
- 同年10月に、美濃国守護職の土岐成頼と越前国・尾張国・遠江国守護職の斯波義廉の援軍が近江国へ到着し、西軍の反撃が始まる。
- In October of the same year, the reinforcement army led by Shigeyori TOKI, the military governor of the Mino Province and Yoshikado SHIBA, the military governor of the Echizen, Owari, and Totomi provinces, arrived in the Omi province and the Western Camp's counter attack had started.
- 翌年の元久2年(1205年)閏7月、朝雅と畠山重保との口論に端を発した牧氏事件が起こり、舅の北条時政が幕府を追放された。
- In August of the next year, 1205, Makishi Incident occurred from the quarrel between Tomomasa and Shigeyasu HATAKEYAMA, and Tokimasa HOJO, Tomomasa's father-in-law, was expelled from the bakufu.
- 1955年には、駐日大使でもあったエドウィン・O・ライシャワーが英訳して紹介し、各国語に翻訳されて広く知られる所となる。
- In 1955, it was translated into English and introduced by U.S. Ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer, and after being translated into several other languages it became widely known.
- ベースとなる原史料の種類・著者を推定することの最も困難な時期が、ちょうど源平合戦の時代1180年から1184年頃である。
- The most difficult time to make an assumption about the kind of source material and its author is between 1180 and 1184, around the time of the Genpei War.
- その後、梶井の友人である三好達治らの奔走により、亡くなる一年ほど前(1931年)に武蔵野書院より作品集として刊行された。
- Later, through the efforts of his friends such as Tatsuji MIYOSHI, a collection of Kajii's stories was published by Musashinoshoin in 1931, a year prior to his death.
- この年横浜ではイギリス軍による幕府への威嚇砲撃があり、本格攻撃を恐れた庶民が江戸から郊外へと一斉に避難する騒ぎがあった。
- In this year, in Yokohama, there was a warning bombardment by the British army against the shogunate and many of the public who were afraid of a full-scale attack suddenly evacuated from Edo to the countryside.
- 1887年~91年の間に出された写実主義小説『浮雲 (二葉亭四迷)』は言文一致体で書かれ、日本の近代小説の先駆となった。
- His realistic novel 'Ukigumo'(the drifting cloud), published from 1887 to 1891, was written in a style unifying written and spoken language, and became the forerunner of modern Japanese novels.
- 大日本野史(だいにほんやし)は、後小松天皇(明徳年間)から仁孝天皇までの二十一代の帝王の治世を紀伝体で記した日本の歴史書。
- Dai Nihon Yashi is a Japanese history book written in a style of biographical historiography, and covers the 21 Emperors' reigns from Emperor Gokomatsu (Meitoku era) to Emperor Ninko.
- 完成から出版までに22年もかかったのは、内容を改編する必要性と当時の吉川家中、上方情勢を見極めていたためと考えられている。
- 22 years passed between when it was finished and when it was published; this is thought to be due to the fact that a certain amount of time was necessary to revise the contents in light of the then-current circumstances of the Kikkawa family and the situation in the Kamigata region (the area surrounding Kyoto and Osaka).
- 「男歌」の佐佐木幸綱、「ただごと歌」の奥村晃作、実験的な歌風の高瀬一誌、戦後の青年像を示した夭折歌人の小野茂樹などである。
- Examples include Yukitsuna SASAKI, who is known for his 'Otoko uta' (masculine poems), Kosaku OKUMURA, who is known for his 'Tadagoto uta' (light-hearted tanka), Kazushi TAKASE, who had an empirical style, and Shigeki ONO, a poet who died young but created a portrayal of the postwar young people.
- 明治40年代には『明星』から出た耽美派の北原白秋、自然主義的な若山牧水、社会主義的傾向を示した石川啄木らの個性が開花した。
- Between 1908 and 1912, a new concept of individualism was represented by such poets as the poet who gained popularity through 'Myojo,' Hakushu KITAHARA with his pursuit for beauty, the naturalist, Bokusui WAKAYAMA, and Takuboku ISHIKAWA, who had a tendency of showing flavors of socialism.
- 安元三年(1177)四月二十八日午後八時頃、都の東南(現在のJR京都駅付近か)で、舞人の宿屋が火の不始末が原因で出火した。
- Around 8 p.m., on April 28, 1177, a fire broke out through the careless handling of burning things in the inn of a dancer in the southeast of the capital (near the present JR Kyoto Station).
- そして、『雨月物語』の序をみるとそこには、「明和戊子晩春」、つまり明和5年晩春に『雨月物語』の執筆が終っていることになる。
- In the preface of 'Ugetsu Monogatari' there is a description '明和戊子晩春,' which indicates that 'Tales of Moonlight and Rain' was completed in the late spring of 1768.
- そのため、著名な切手収集家である水原明窗は補完するために『朝鮮近代郵便史―1884-1905』を1994年に出版している。
- To complement this insufficiency, Meiso MIZUHARA, a famous philatelist, published 'History of Korean Modern Post 1884-1905' in 1994.
- 同年11月にはこれまでの五位官人への食封を位禄に切り替え、翌年には大宝令の規定を修正し、四位官人を位封の範囲に加えている。
- In November of the same year, jikifu (a vassal household allotted to courtier, shrines and temples) was switched to ikuro (stipends paid to people who were in the fourth rank and the fifth rank), and in the following year, the regulations of Taiho Code were modified, and Shii (Forth Rank) was added to be qualified as ifu (families provided to the third rank and higher).
- 大きな衝撃を受けて慶雲元年に帰国した粟田真人らは、これらの日中の都城や律令制の差異を報告し、文武朝の改革に生かされていく。
- AWATA no Mahito and other Japanese envoys, who returned to Japan in 704 after experiencing a significant shock during their visit to Tang, reported the differences of the capital cities and Ritsuryo system between Japan and China, and their report was taken in earnest by the Emperor Monmu's administration in order to carry out the reform.
- 朝鮮において1884年11月18日に郵便事業が発足し、事業を担う中央官庁である郵征総局(ko우정총국)がソウルに置かれた。
- On November 18, 1884, the postal service started in Korea by the launch of the General Office for Postal Administration (ko:우정총국) in Seoul, a central bureaucracy, which operated the business.
- また、前年に亡くなった人気の歌舞伎役者である市川團十郎 (8代目)の死絵も、「大鯰後の生酔」という鯰絵に影響を与えている。
- The shini-e (woodblock prints for commemoration issued as a memorial when a famous actor, etc. dies) of Danjuro ICHIKAWA (VIII), who was a kabuki actor and died in the previous year influenced the namazu-e titled 'Onamazu nochi no namayoi' (Drunk after the big catfish).
- 元禄年間に一条家の命で『類聚雑要抄』(平安末期の故実書)を絵画化した際に、参考資料として東園基量が提示したことから流布した。
- It was widely circulated after Motokazu HIGASHIZONO showed it as a reference when the 'Ruiju Zatsuyoho' (a book on court lore from the end of Heian period) was pictorialized on the orders of the Ichijo family during the Genroku era.
- 同年より平安博物館(現京都文化博物館)によって冷泉家所蔵本の整理・目録作成が始められ、徐々にその全体像が明らかにされてきた。
- It was starting in the same year that the Heian Museum of Ancient History (today called the Museum of Kyoto) began putting in order and cataloging the collection of books belonging to the Reizei family, and little by little it became obvious just how extensive the collection was.
- 成立年次は不明だが、宗尊親王を「鎌倉宮」としているところから、将軍宣下(建長四年、1252年)以降に成ったものと推測される。
- It is unknown when the thirty-six poets were selected, but Imperial Prince Munetaka was called 'Kamakura Prince' in the book, which suggests that they were designated after his appointment to Shogun in 1252.
- 平 兼盛(たいら の かねもり、生年不詳 - 正暦元年12月28日 (旧暦)(991年1月21日))は、平安時代中期の歌人。
- TAIRA no Kanemori (date of birth unknown -January 21, 991) was a poet who lived in the mid-Heian period.
- 仮名草子の叢書として約200編を収める「仮名草子集成」(全45巻、東京堂出版)がある(2008年9月現在、44巻まで刊行)。
- There is a series of Kana Zoshi called 'Kana Zoshi Shusei' (Tokyodo Publishing Co., Ltd., 45 volumes in all) which consists of approximately 200 books (44 volumes have been published as of September 2008).
- 文屋 康秀(ふんや の やすひで、生年不詳 - 仁和元年(885年)?)は、平安時代前期の歌人で、六歌仙・三十六歌仙の一人。
- FUNYA no Yasuhide (year of birth unknown - c. 885) was a waka poet in the early Heian period and one of Rokkasen (six best waka poets) and the 36 Immortal Poets.
- 浅茅が宿(あさぢがやど) - 戦乱の世、一旗あげるため妻と別れて故郷を立ち京に行った男が、七年後に幽霊となった妻と再会する。
- The Reed-Choked House - During an age of confusion, a man who has separated from his wife and left for Kyo to try to make his fortune is to meet his wife, who becomes a ghost, after seven years.
- それから、旗本・御家人の場合には所属する頭・支配(目付)によって改めて末期養子届が作成されて併せて老中・若年寄に提出された。
- Afterwards, in the case for a Hatamoto or Gokenin, another matsugo-yoshi application was generated anew by the kashira (head) or shihai of his Hatamoto or Gokenin group, and both applications were submitted to Roju (the second-highest governmental post in the Edo bakufu) and Wakadoshiyori (the managerial post just under Roju).
- 年名と音人(共に877年没)の死後、元慶2年(878年)に菅原是善を加え、基経・良香との3人で翌年879年に完成成立させた。
- After the deaths of Toshina and Otondo (both died in 877), SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi joined in 878, and in 879, he, Mototsune, and Yoshika completed the compilation.
- 同年8月、実力者であった右大臣藤原不比等薨去に伴い知太政官事に就任、右大臣(後、左大臣)の長屋王とともに皇親政権を樹立する。
- When a powerful Minister of the Right, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, died in September of the same year, Prince Toneri was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and established the administration of the Imperial Family together with the Minister of the Right (later of the Left) Prince Nagaya.
- 恋川春町の『金々先生栄花夢』(1775年刊行)がそれまでの幼稚な草双紙とは一線を画する、大人向けの読み物として評判になった。
- 'Kinkin sensei eigano yume' (Master Flashgold's Splendiferous Dream) written by Harumachi KOIKAWA got famous as a reading for adults, which was distinguished from the childish kusazoshi that had been written until then.
- 日本には延喜年間以降の正史が無く史料収集など事業は難渋し、翌寛文4年、鵞峯は老中酒井忠清に古記録の収集など必要な援助を要請。
- There was no official document of history after the Engi era and it was very difficult to collect historical documents; in the following 1664, Gaho requested a roju Tadakiyo SAKAI to provide necessary assistance such as collecting ancient records.
- 3年後、実方がその地で馬に乗り笠島道祖神前を通った時、馬が突然倒れ、下敷きになって没した(名取市愛島(めでしま)に墓がある)。
- Three years later, Sanekata was in Mutsu riding his horse past the guardian deity of Kasashima when the horse suddenly collapsed, crushing him underneath and killing him (his grave is located in Medeshima in the city of Natori).
- 明治政府による偏重した欧化主義政策を批判する立場から「国粋主義」を標榜し、1888年4月に雑誌『日本人 (雑誌)』を創刊した。
- Seikyo-sha founded a magazine, 'Nihonjin (The Japanese)', in April 1888 to promote nationalism in defiance of the Meiji government's policy that overemphasized on Europeanism.
- 尊氏は後醍醐から三種の神器を接収して光明天皇を即位させ、2年後の1338年に征夷大将軍に任命されて正式に武家政権を成立させる。
- Takauji seized the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family from Godaigo, had Emperor Komyo accede to the throne, and 2 years later in 1338, he was appointed as seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and formally established a warrior government.
- 金刀比羅本自体についても、鎌倉時代成立(小林智昭)とも室町時代までくだる(永積氏)とも言われており、成立年代は定まっていない。
- Kotohirabon itself is said to have been compiled during the Kamakura period (Chisho KOBAYASHI) or the Muromachi period (NAGAZUMI), so the year of compilation remains unknown.
- しかし、『兵範記』にはわざわざ為義の首実検が行われたことまで記録されており、これらのことは史料の年代からしても事実と思われる。
- However, 'Heihan-ki' contains a description of the inspection of Tameyoshi's severed head, which would be true given the year in which the work was completed.
- マキノ入社直後、嵐はマキノ省三から「このなかからやりたい役を選べ」と雑誌『少年倶楽部』昭和2年(1927年)3月号を渡される。
- Soon after having joined the company of Makino, Arashi was handed the 1927 March issue of the Shonen Club (Boys' Club) magazine by Shozo MAKINO who said, 'Choose a role that you want to play from the stories here.'
- 墓所は、奈良県奈良市田中町にある黄金塚陵墓参考地が候補地とされていたが、2009年2月の発掘調査により、別人のものと判明した。
- Although it had been assumed that his grave was Koganezuka referable mausoleum in Tanaka-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture, excavation research conducted in February 2009 revealed that the mausoleum was someone else's grave.
- 女御(桐壺の御方、御息所などとも)と呼ばれるようになった彼女は、東宮の篤い寵愛を受け、間もなく御子を懐妊する(数え年13歳)。
- After being referred to as Nyogo (or Kiritsubo no okata, miyasudokoro and so on), she stood highest in the favor of the crown prince and became pregnant (at the age of thirteen years old by the old Japanese system).
- 写本を入れると20種類以上も残されており、表題も『永禄十一年記』・『安土日記』・『信長記』・『信長公記』・『安土記』など様々。
- There are more than 20 different versions, including the manuscripts, with various titles as 'Eiroku Juichinen Ki' (A Diary of the Year 1586),' 'Azuchi Nikki' (A Diary of Azuchi), 'Nobunaga-ki' (A Biography of Nobunaga), 'Shinchoko-ki,' 'Azuchi-ki' and the like.
- 晩年には堺の富商である武野新五郎と知己となり、実隆が武野に歌学や和歌を指導する一方、武野からは少なからず経済的援助を受けていた。
- In his later years he got acquainted with Shingoro TAKENO, a rich merchant in Sakai, and while Sanetaka taught TAKENO the study of poetry and waka poems, TAKENO gave him a lot of financial support.
- 一年後の十月、禅師は富田へ戻って、以前泊まった家の主人に様子を聞くと、あのあと鬼が山を下ったことは一度もないといい、喜んでいる。
- In October of the following year, the Zen master returns to Tomita and asks the owner of the house in which he had stayed about the ogre; the owner is very pleased because the ogre has not climbed down the mountain since then.
- 応神天皇の死後、菟道稚郎子(うじのわきいらつこ)皇子と大雀命(おおさざきのみこと)が互いに譲り合ったため3年間空位となっていた。
- After the death of Emperor Ojin, Prince Uji no Waki-iratsuko and Osazaki no Mikoto (Prince Osazaki) tried to convince each other to ascend to the throne, but it lay vacant for three years.
- 特に神亀年間(724年 - 729年)に長歌6首を詠み、車持千年(くりまもちのちとせ)・山部赤人と並んで歌人として活躍している。
- In the period from 724 to 729 in particular he wrote six choka (long poems) which put him at the same level as other poets of his time, such as KURIMAMOCHI no Chitose and YAMABE no Akahito.
- 年老いていく人を嘆いて、どうにかして天にいる「月夜見」が持つという「をち水」を取り、あなたに奉りたいと若返りの願望を詠んでいる。
- They express the sadness of seeing an aging person and a desire to bring back youth by somehow obtaining 'ochimizu' that 'Tsukuyomi' in heaven has and offer it to that person.
- 元禄-正徳 (日本)年間に活躍した公家で有職家の野宮定基は、源雅亮の著ということを疑っているが、積極的にこれを否定する理由は無い。
- Although Sadamoto NONOMIYA, a court noble and an expert in court lore who was active during the Genroku and Shotoku eras (Japan), doubted that it was written by MINAMOTO no Masasuke, there is no reason to positively deny the author's identity.
- 前後の日本伝承による記事には当然適用されるわけではないし、その前の神功紀で引用される『三国志 (歴史書)』の年次との整合性もない。
- Of course this does not correspond to the articles based on Japanese traditions around it, and it is inconsistent with the date of 'Sanguo Zhi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) which is cited in the former section of Emperor Jingu.
- しかしかながら歴史研究の結果、近年では裏付けの取れる部分も多く、「事実でないにしても、それに近いことがあった」と再評価されている。
- On the other hand, the results of recent historical studies have actually provided corroboration for many portions of the chronicle, leading some to say 'Even if it doesn't describe reality as such, something like what is described did occur,' and judge the chronicle more favorably.
- なお、16世紀末に活字印刷技法が日本に伝えられ、のち慶長年間になって、はじめて『源氏物語』の古活字版(大字10行本)が刊行された。
- Typography was introduced to Japan in the late sixteenth century, and old-type edition of 'The Tale of Genji' (ten lines, large characters) was first published during the Keicho period (1596-1615).
- 1910年の日韓併合では記念切手は発行されていないが、10月に朝鮮総督府が「朝鮮総督府始政紀念」と題する官製絵葉書を発行している。
- A commemorative postage stamp was not issued at the occasion of the Japanese Annexation of Korea in 1910, but Chosen Sotoku-fu (Governor-General of Korea) issued the government-regulated postcard '朝鮮総督府始政紀念' (Inauguration of Chosen Sotoku-fu) in October.
- 弓削皇子(ゆげのみこ、生年不明 - 文武天皇3年7月21日 (旧暦)(699年8月21日))は天武天皇の第9皇子(第6皇子とも)。
- Yuge no Miko (Prince Yuge, year of birth unknown - August 24, 699) was the ninth (or the sixth) prince of Emperor Tenmu.
- 『五番町夕霧楼』(ごばんちょうゆうぎりろう)は、水上勉の代表作であり1950年におきた金閣寺放火事件と著者の実体験を基にしている。
- 'Gobancho Yugiriro' (A House in the Quarter) is a representative work of Tsutomu MIZUKAMI, based on arson of Kinkaku-ji Temple in 1950 and the author's experience.
- しかし、明治35年以降、新川柳の改革運動に押され、しだいに縮小、昭和の十三世川柳まで会は続いたが、影響力はまったくなくなっていた。
- However, by 1902 it was in a weaker position due to reform movements by the new senryu, and, declining little by little, it continued until the time of Senryu the 13th in the Showa period, when it lost its influence completely.
- そんな折り、普段から気に入っていた寺町通の果物屋(京都市中京区「八百卯」・2009年1月25日閉店)の前で「私」はふと足を止める。
- One day, 'I' happened to stop in front of a fruit store on Teramachi-dori Street that 'I' frequented (the store was 'Yao' in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City, which went out of business in January 25, 2009).
- 右衛門尉は若い頃、妻の実家が財産家というだけで結婚してしまったが、本来好色家であるため、現在では年長の妻を娶ったことを後悔している。
- Uemon no jo got married to her just because her parents were rich, but he is naturally a lecherous man, regretting that he took a wife who is older than he.
- 卜部兼右本 1540年写 第3~30巻 - 1525年に吉田家前当主の卜部兼満が家に火を放って出奔した際に卜部家伝来の本も焼失した。
- The original copy that Kanemigi URABE copied in 1540, the 3 to 30th volumes: when Kanemitsu URABE, the former head of the Yoshida family, set the house on fire and ran away in 1525, hereditary books of the Urabe family were also burnt down.
- 藤原 実方(ふじわら の さねかた、生年不詳 - 長徳4年12月12日 (旧暦)(999年1月7日))は、平安時代中期の公家・歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Sanekata (birth date is unknown and died January 7, 999) was a mid-Heian period court noble and poet.
- また、源博雅が逢坂に3年間通いつづけて遂に8月15日 (旧暦)夜に琵琶の秘曲『流泉』『啄木』を伝授されたともいう(『今昔物語集』)。
- Also, MINAMOTO no Hiromasa repeatedly visited Osaka for three years and on the night of August 15 (old calendar) was finally initiated into the esoteric music of biwa, 'Ryusen' and 'Takuboku' ('Konjaku Monogatari shu ' - The Tale of Times Now Past).
- 著作権の保護期間が完全に終了(公開後50年と監督没後38年の両方を満たす)したことから現在パブリックドメインDVDが発売されている。
- Because the copyright expired completely (50 years after its release and 38 years after the director's death), a public-domain DVD has become available.
- しかし、「逓信省第二十年報」掲載の発行高(販売枚数)によれば、販売総数約148万枚のうち、韓国国内で発売されたのは82万枚であった。
- However, according to the amount issued (sold) recorded in '逓信省第二十年報' (the 20th annual report of Ministry of Communication), 820,000 out of the total sales of 1,480,000 were sold in Korea.
- 晩年は、斎藤安元の援助により遠江国宇津山のふもと泉谷に柴屋軒(現在の柴屋寺)を結び、京との間を往還して大徳寺の山門造営にも関与した。
- In his later years, he built the Saiokuken (present-day Saioku-ji Temple)at Izumigaya at the foot of Mt. Utsuno in Totomi Province with the help of Yasumoto SAITO, travelling between there and Kyoto, and was also involved in building the gate of Daitoku-ji Temple.
- 二条河原の落書(にじょうがわらのらくしょ)とは、室町幕府問注所執事の町野氏に伝わる『建武年間記(建武記)』に収録されている文である。
- Nijo Kawaha no Rakusho are writings collected in 'Kenmu Nenkan-ki,' a record of the Kenmu era which was handed down in the Machino clan, which was the head of Monchujo (Board of Inquiry) in Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- ここから先は、山岡元隣『宝蔵』(寛文11年 (1671))に両親等とともに門左衛門の一句が収められている他はしばらく伝記が途絶える。
- Then for some time there is no record except one poem by Monzaemon, together with poems by his parents and other people, included in 'Takaragura' (The Treasure House) by Genrin YAMAOKA.
- また『古事記』の天皇崩御年干支を基に、『日本書紀』の年次を探ろうとする考えもあるが、前述の理由により多くの学者の支持を得られていない。
- In addition, there is another idea to define the dates in 'Nihonshoki' based on the Oriental zodiac of the year of emperors' deaths in 'Kojiki,' but it is not supported by many scholars for the above reasons.
- 中国では紀伝体の史書を「書」(『漢書』『後漢書』など)と呼び、帝王の治世を編年体にしたものを「紀」(『漢紀』『後漢紀』)と呼んでいた。
- In China, history books written in Kidentai (biographical historiography) were called 'sho' (such as 'Kanjo' (Historical records of the Han Dynasty), 'Gokanjo' (Historical records of the Later Han Dynasty)), while other history books in which the reign of the emperor was recorded in chronological order were called 'ki' (紀) (such as 'Records of the Han Dynasty' and 'Records of Later Han').
- 延徳3年にも宗祇の越後下向に際し「和歌の相伝の文書一式を封をして実隆に預け、自分が帰京できないようなら実隆に譲る」と言い置かれている。
- And before Sogi was going down to Echigo in 1491, he left a message that said, 'I've asked Sanetaka to take care of one set of documents of the initiation of waka interpretation, and if I can't return to Kyoto, I will give them to Sanetaka.'
- 昭和30年代半ばには、前衛短歌は社会的影響力を持ち始めたため敬遠する出版会の動きがあったことと、方法意識が出尽くしたことから停滞した。
- Around 1960, the avant-garde tanka poetry started to lose its impetus, due to the fact that many publishers, fearing the over-reaching influence of the avant-garde tanka poetry into societal matters, distanced themselves from this type of poetry, and also due to the loss of direction.
- とりかへばや物語の原型は1180年以前に成立したと考えられているが、その後後世の手により改作が加えられ、現在の形のものが伝わっている。
- It is considered that the original story of Torikaebaya Monogatari was created before 1180 but that it was ultimately rewritten through posterity, having been passed down to the present day.
- これらの表記は近年に至るまで様々な憶測や、ある種野次馬的な興味(紫式部が清少納言の才能に嫉妬していたのだ、など)を持って語られている。
- These descriptions have been brought into conversation with various conjectures and curiosity (Murasaki Shikibu was jealous of the talent of Sei Shonagon, etc.) up until recently.
- 山口剛の研究以来、重友毅、中村幸彦と、明和5年を一応の脱稿、それからの8年間は、『雨月物語』の推敲に費やされた、という見方が強かった。
- After a study conducted by Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, which was followed by Tomoki SHIGE and Yukihiko NAKAMURA, it was generally considered that the work was roughly complete as a manuscript in 1768, and that the author spent the following eight years working on the choice of diction.
- こうした公事を名目として本来の賦課である年貢・所当・官物とは別個に賦課される租税のことを「公事」(「公用」とも)と称するようになった。
- The land tax separately imposed from the original imposition such as nengu, shoto and kanmotsu in name of kuji began to be called 'kuji' (also referred to as 'kuyo').
- 年を間違えて編集している処、また北条得宗家の正当化の為の曲筆など注意が必要なものの、鎌倉時代を研究する上での前提となる基本史料である。
- It is the primary historical material used in Kamakura period research, although some of the dates were compiled inaccurately, and there are also misrepresentations in its writing done to justify the Hojo-Tokuso family, the main line of the Hojo family.
- 天皇、貴族から下級官人、防人など様々な身分の人間が詠んだ歌を4500首以上も集めたもので、成立は759年(天平宝字3)以後と見られる。
- It is thought that the Manyoshu was completed after 759, with more than 4,500 poems composed by people of different birth from emperors and nobles to lower ranked officials and Sakimori (soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times), and so on.
- 元は巻子装で上下2巻からなっていたが、上述のように1919年、上巻は18枚、下巻は19枚に分割され、計37幅の掛幅装に改装されている。
- It was originally two volumes, but as described above, in 1919 Volume One was divided into 18 pieces and Volume Two into 19 pieces, and redecorated to 37 hanging scrolls in total.
- 若くして伊賀国上野の侍大将・藤堂良清の嗣子・主計藤堂良忠(俳号は蝉吟)に仕え、2歳年上の良忠とともに北村季吟に師事して俳諧の道に入った。
- At a young age, he served shukei (budget bureau) Yoshitada TODO (his haigo was Sengin), who was an heir of Yoshikiyo TODO, a Samurai-Daisho (commander of warriors) of Ueno in Iga Province, and studied under Kigin KITAMURA to start learning haikai with Yoshitada, who was two years older.
- 現在手に入るとりかへばや物語の現代語訳としては、中村真一郎によるちくま文庫版、田辺聖子による講談社少年少女古典文学館版などが挙げられる。
- The modern translations of Torikaebaya Monogatari that are available today are Chikuma Library edition translated by Shinichiro NAKAMURA, and the Kodansha Japanese Classics for Boys and Girls edition translated by Seiko TANABE.
- 更に翌年の1212年(建暦2年)には「適有造営事、須上臈上卿宰相弁奉之歟」と『明月記』1212年(建暦2年)7月27日条の丸写しがある。
- Besides, there is an entire copy in the entry dated the following year, 1212, from 'Meigetsuki,' the entry dated July 27, 1212 which reads '適有造営事,須上臈上卿宰相弁奉之歟.'
- 袋草紙(ふくろぞうし)は、平安時代後期の保元年間(1156年-1159年)頃に公家で六条家流の歌人であった藤原清輔が著した歌論書である。
- Fukurozoshi is a treatise on waka poetry written during the Hogen era (1156 - 1159) in late Heian period by FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke, who was a court noble and a poet in a linage of the Rokujo family.
- そして大佛は自ら「天狗ぷろだくしょん」を設立してプロデューサーに就任し、同年より小堀明男の主演による『新鞍馬天狗』シリーズの製作を開始。
- So, Osaragi himself established 'Tengu Productions,' took up the position of producer, and began producing 'Shin Kurama Tengu' series starring Akio KOBORI in the same year.
- 通産相や金融経済財政担当相、自民党政調会長などを務めた衆議院議員・与謝野馨(2007年安倍改造内閣時の内閣官房長官)は晶子の孫にあたる。
- Kaoru YOSANO, a member of the House of Representatives and the former Minister of International Trade and Industry, the Minister of State for Economicand Fiscal Policy and Financial Services, and the Chairman of Policy Research Council of Liberal Democratic Party (and the Chief Cabinet Secretary of the Abe Administration in 2007) is Akiko's grandson.
- その後も義太夫と組んで名作を次々に発表し、貞享3年 (1686)、竹本座上演の『佐々木大鑑』で初めて作者名として近松門左衛門と記載した。
- Monzaemon continued to release masterpieces one after another in collaboration with Gidayu, and for the first time his name, Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, was credited as the author of 'Sasaki Okagami,' staged in 1686 in the Takemoto-za theater.
- しかし、アメノワカヒコは大国主の娘であるシタテルヒメと結婚し、自分が葦原中国の王になってやろうと考えて八年たっても高天原に戻らなかった。
- However, Amenowakahiko got married to Shitateruhime, a daughter of Okuninushi, and he thought he would be a king of Ashihara no nakatsukuni, therefore did not come back to Takamanohara even after eight years.
- これは絵巻である『平治物語絵詞』の書風を、藤原教家の晩年、建長年間(1249-1255)のものであると認定した松原茂の説とも合致している。
- This view is in agreement with an opinion by Shigeru MATSUBARA, who identified the handwriting written in 'Heiji Monogatari Ekotoba' (illustrated stories of the Heiji Rebellion) with that of FUJIWARA no Noriie in his later years, between 1249 and 1255.
- ところが、長徳元年(995)4月10日に夫・道隆が病死すると、息子の伊周と隆家は叔父藤原道長との政争に敗れ、権勢は瞬く間に道長側に移った。
- However, on April 10, 995, when her husband Michitaka died of disease, her sons Korechika and Takaie were defeated in a political conflict with their uncle FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and the political power shifted to Michinaga in an instant.
- 稚児が今年の四月、病で死ぬと、阿闍梨はその遺体に何日も寄り添ったまま、ついに気が狂い、やがて死肉を食らい、骨をなめ、食い尽くしてしまった。
- When the boy died of disease in April of this year, Ajari stayed close beside the body for days, and he went mad, eating the flesh and licking the bones, till at last he had eaten up everything.
- 相模(さがみ、生没年不明、長徳四年頃(998年?) - 康平四年(1061年)以降か)は、11世紀初頭の女流歌人で、中古三十六歌仙の一人。
- Sagami (dates of birth and death unknown, 998? - after 1061) was a female poet in the early eleventh century, and one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets.
- とくに前者の『愚管抄』の記述については、このことを根拠のひとつとして永積安明は『愚管抄』成立(1220年)以前に『保元物語』の誕生をみる。
- Based on the account in the former 'Gukansho,' Yasuaki NAGAZUMI assumed that 'Hogen Monogatari' came into existence before 'Gukansho' was completed in 1220.
- 1960年代には安田徳太郎が『万葉集の謎』に於いて日本語の祖語はインド北部レプチャ語であるとし、万葉集はレプチャ語で読めると主張していた。
- In the 1960s, Tokutaro YASUDA stated in his book 'Manyo no Nazo' (Mystery of the Manyoshu) that the parent language of Japanese is Rong from the northern part of India, and that the Manyoshu can be read by the Rong.
- 仮に推古朝の600年頃に『上宮記』が成立したとするなら、継体天皇(オホド王)が崩御した継体天皇25年(531年)は、当時から70年前である。
- If 'Joguki' was established around 600 in the era of Empress Suiko, the year when Emperor Keitai (King Ohodo) died, that is, 531, was 70 years earlier than that.
- 1991年に日本の郵政省が日本近代郵便の120年史を出版したが、外地、特に朝鮮半島に関係する郵便事情については全く触れていない内容であった。
- Although the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan published the Book of 120-year History of Japanese Modern Post in 1990, it did not mention about the postal situations of its foreign parts, especially those of Korean Peninsula.
- 例えば、在地領主の家において行われる年中行事に必要な食物や供物、彼らの直営田である佃における耕作作業(田植・草刈・稲刈)などがそれにあたる。
- For exemple, it refers to food or altarage necessary for annual events which were held in the house of local lord, or cultivation service (rice planting, weeding, reaping) in the fields directly managed by them.
- 年代はあいまいであるが藤原定家の生きた80年(1162〜1242)あるいは、後鳥羽院の生きた60年(1180〜1239)を当てることが多い。
- Although the dates are unclear, it often refers to the period from 1162 to 1242, the eighty years when FUJIWARA no Sadaie lived, or the period from 1180 to 1239, the sixty years when Gotobain lived.
- 養賢は、吃音のため自己の意思や感情の表現ができず、戦前当時の軍国的な若者たち、同年代の女性たちと自分とのあいだに精神的な高い壁を感じていた。
- Yoken could not effectively express his thoughts and feelings due to his stammer, and felt there to be large mental barrier between himself and his peers, the contemporary militaristic young men and women during World War II.
- また文才があり『庭槐抄』(『槐林記』ともいう)という治承・寿永年間(1177年 - 1185年)の行幸に関する記録を抄出した日記を残している。
- He also possessed considerable literary talents, as evidenced by excerpts of entries describing Imperial state visits from 1177-1185 in the diary he left behind, the 'Teikaisho' (also known as the 'Kairinki').
- そのため、旧暦時代の新年に関する言葉は春の季語に分類されていたが、明治改暦以降、新年が冬に移行したため、四季とは別に「新年」の部が設けられた。
- Words associated with the new year used in the old calendar days were classified as season words for spring but, since the calendar reform in Meiji, the new year changed to the winter time whereby a separate section for 'new year' in addition to the four seasons was established.
- 他に同時期に書かれた歌論書の『無名抄』、説話の『発心集』(1216年以前)、歌集として『鴨長明集』(養和元年 1181年)といった作品がある。
- Around the same time, he also wrote an essay on poetry, 'Mumyosho (The Nameless Treatise),' 'Hosshinshu (Tales of Awakening)' (written before 1216) and a collection of poems, 'Kamo no Chomei shu' (1181).
- 中島みゆきの舞台「夜会」Vol.5(1993年)のタイトルが、「花の色は うつりにけりな いたづらに わが身世にふる ながめせし間に」である。
- A title of the play by Miyuki NAKAJIMA, 'Yakai' Vol. 5 (1993), was 'The flowers lost their colors, while I set myself in this life and became lost in thought as time went by in vain; during spring the rain continually fell downward.'
- 晩年は亡父元輔の山荘があった東山月輪の辺りに住み、藤原公任ら宮廷の旧識や和泉式部・赤染衛門ら中宮藤原彰子付の女房とも消息を交わしていたらしい。
- It is said that in her later years she lived around Higashiyama Tsukinowa, where her deceased father Motosuke's mountain villa was located, and that she kept in touch with old friends in the Imperial Court such as FUJIWARA no Kinto and the court ladies who had served the Empress FUJIWARA no Shoshi, such as Izumi Shikibu and Akazome-emon.
- また、末尾には、円珍が潼関を通行した際に、確認した関吏の官職・氏名・年月日が記されており、そこには、官吏のサインである自署(花押)が記される。
- At the foot of Kasho, a government post and name of officer at a checking station who conducted checking, and date of checking when Enchin passed through Tong Gate were described, and the autograph (Kao (written seal mark)) which was a signature of government official was affixed there.
- 律令制においては、翌年の除目の参考資料とするために人事担当官司である中務省・式部省・兵部省・治部省などが毎年2回定期的に人事録を作成していた。
- Under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), ministries in charge of personnel affairs including Nakatsukasasho (the Ministry of Central Affairs), Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial), Hyobusho (the Ministry of Military), Jibusho (the Ministry of Civil Administration) regularly developed records of personnel affairs twice a year for the reference for jimoku (appointment ceremonies) in the following year.
- 1876年11月10日の釜山郵便局を皮切りに、1880年に元山、1883年に仁川、1888年にソウルと朝鮮各地に日本による郵便局が設置された。
- Starting with the launch of Busan post office on November 10, 1876, Japan set up post offices in various places of Korea; Wonsan in 1880, Incheon in 1883, and Seoul in 1888.
- 実に感動的なのだが、「頌云」の「業鏡高懸、三十七年、一槌撃砕、大道坦然」は『増集続伝燈録妙堪』の伝記にある遺曷の年齢を変えただけのものである。
- Although it sounds very impressive, the words '業鏡高懸,三十七年,一槌撃砕,大道坦然' in '頌云' were entirely copied from '増集続伝燈録妙堪,' though only the year appearing in the poem composed on his deathbed was changed.
- 露伴は学者としても充分な素養があったのだが、官僚的で窮屈な大学に嫌気が差して夏季休暇で東京に戻ったまま、僅か一年足らずで大学を辞してしまった。
- Erudite scholar as he was, he was so bored with the bureaucratic and straitjacketed university that he did not return to Kyoto from Tokyo after his summer holidays, and he resigned from the university only a year later.
- ところが、江戸幕府の成立によって京都の枡座への統制が緩くなり、寛永年間には豊臣政権時代よりも大きい64827立方分のものが作られるようになった。
- As the Edo shogunate was formed, however, control of the Masu-za in Kyoto was relaxed, and the Kanei era saw the manufacture of kyo-masu measuring 64,827 cubic bu, which was larger than those of the Toyotomi government.
- これらは和歌の名手として小野小町を讃えるもの、深草少将の百夜通いをモチーフにするもの、年老いて乞食となった小野小町に題材をとるものに大別される。
- These are classified into the following three groups: the one which praises ONO no Komachi for her excellent waka poem; the one which deals with FUKAKUSA no SHOSHO's come-and-go in a hundred nights; the one which deals with ONO no Komachi who has become a beggar in her later years.
- そして延応前後より終りまで、つまりほぼ藤原頼嗣将軍記から次の宗尊親王将軍記にあたる1240年から1266年については、筆録そのままだろうとする。
- Moreover, he considered that the records were almost as true to the written records as to the years of 1240 to 1266, or the reigns of FUJIWARA no Yoritsune to Shogun Prince Munetaka around the Eno era to the late Eno era.
- また帰国してから2年後、鉄幹との共著『巴里より』で、「(上略)要求すべき正当な第一の権利は教育の自由である。」と、女性教育の必要性などを説いた。
- Two years after returning to Japan, she wrote a book with Tekkan called 'Pari yori' (From Paris) in which she argued the necessity of education for women, stating '(snip) the first legitimate right to claim is the freedom of education.'
- しかしながら彼らの死後二百年以上経ってからの成立であるため、『義経記』の作者は当事者たちの人柄を、直接的にも間接的にも知っていたとは考えられない。
- However, since it was written more than 200 years after all its main characters' deaths, it is impossible to believe that the creator of the 'Gikeiki' actually had any sort of knowledge, either direct or indirect, of these historical figures' personalities.
- それによれば、まず国内の総田積と前年の欠乗田数(田の過不足数)を挙げ、次に不輸租田などの特殊な田の内訳を挙げ、更に田租や地子の内訳・総額を挙げる。
- According to such itsubun, what was listed firstly was the total area of rice field and the number of ketsujoden (the number of lacking and/or surplus fields), and what was listed secondly was the breakdown of special fields such as Fuyusoden (tax free rice field) and so on, and then the breakdown and total amount of Denso (rice field tax) and Jishi (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system) were listed.
- 当時、水戸徳川家では、主君の徳川光圀の志により、『万葉集』の諸本を集め校訂する事業を行っており、寛文・延宝年間に下河邊長流が註釈の仕事を託された。
- At that time, the lord of the Mito Tokugawa family Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA wished to collect transcribed and published books on 'Manyoshu' to revise them, and Choryu SHIMOKOBE was in charge of making commentary during the Kanbun and Enpo periods.
- 无々道人(漢学者沢田東江の変名)の『異素六帖』(1757年)は仏者、歌学者、儒者の3人が色の道や遊里について面白おかしく議論するという内容である。
- In the 'Iso Rokujo' (Six Booklets of Exotic Elements, 1757) written by 无々道人 (the nom-de-plume of Toko SAWADA, a scholar of the Chinese classics), three scholars, one in Buddhism, one in the study of waka poetry and one in Confucianism, have hilarious and frivolous discussions about sex, love affairs, and the pleasure quarters.
- 3代将軍徳川家光時代の修史事業で、林羅山が編纂した『本朝編年録』は正保元年(1640年)に上梓されるが、明暦3年(1657年)の明暦の大火で焼失。
- A historiography project under the rule of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA edited by Razan Hayashi was 'Honcho hennenroku' that was published in 1640 but lost in the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
- 竹取物語に似た外国の民間伝承としては、例えば中国四川省のガパ蔵族羌族自治州に伝わる「斑竹姑娘」(田海燕『金玉鳳凰』1961年(中国)に収載)がある。
- There is an example of a foreign folklore similar to Taketori Monogatari; 'Banzhu Guniang' (collected in 'Jinyu Fenghuang' written and edited by Tian Haiyan in 1961), which has been handed down in Ngawa Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Region in Sichuan Province, China.
- 約4500首が収められており、その最も古いものは仁徳天皇期のものであるが、大部分は飛鳥時代から奈良時代中期にかけての約百年弱のもので占められている。
- Manyoshu contains about 4500 poems, the earliest of which was composed in the reign of Emperor Nintoku, but most of them were being made during the period of less than 100 years from the Asuka period to the middle of the Nara period.
- しかし「二品殊に甘心し、この儀を以て治定す。本末の相応、忠言の然らしむる所なり」は「守護地頭」の言葉とともに後年の編纂時に追加されたものと思われる。
- However the words 'the Second Rank (MINAMOTO no Yoritomo) was particularly satisfied and decided as he was told,' seem to have been added to the book together with the words 'Shugo and Jito' when it was compiled later.
- 同委員会では関西経済連合会などと連携して3年後を目処に「古典の日」を国の制定する記念日とすることを目指して政府や国会議員に働きかけることにしている。
- Cooperating with the Kansai Economic Federation and other organizations, the committee is to make approaches to the government and members of the Diet, aiming at setting up 'Classics Day' as a nationally-enacted commemoration day by three years from now.
- 母代りの後見役として入内した夫冷泉帝は9歳年下で、また子もなかったが、絵画という共通の趣味により寵愛を得て、冷泉帝の退位後も良好な夫婦関係であった。
- Her husband, Emperor Reizei, for whom she entered court as his guardian instead of mother, was younger than her by nine years and they had no child between them, but she was loved by him through their common hobby of painting and they kept a good relationship as a married couple even after the addiction of Emperor Reizei.
- 実隆の死後400年以上にわたって、自筆の原本は三条西家に代々伝えられてきたが、太平洋戦争後に東京大学史料編纂所に移管され、現在も同所に所蔵されている。
- Over 400 years after the death of Sanetaka, the manuscript in his own hand was handed down in the Sanjonishi family, but after the Pacific war the manuscript was moved to The Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University and is still preserved there.
- 昭和短歌の前奏曲として、大正12年、歌誌「日光」が、アララギを脱退した古泉千樫、折口信夫、石原純や、北原白秋、前田夕暮、吉植庄亮らによって創刊された。
- As if a prelude to the Showa period, the tanka magazine 'Nikko' made its first appearance in 1923 by Chikashi KOIZUMI, Shinobu ORIKUCHI, Jun ISHIHARA, Hakushu KITAHARA, Yugure MAEDA and Shoryo YOSHIUE, all who had left Araragi.
- 『考古画譜』によると、明治20年頃までは東京・東大久保の大聖院にあったもので、後に横浜・三渓園の創立者として知られる原富太郎(原三渓)の所有となった。
- According to 'Koko gafu' (Painting manual of antiquities), this hand scroll was preserved in Daisho-in Temple in Higashi-Okubo, Tokyo until around 1887 and then owned by Tomitaro HARA (Sankei HARA) who is known as the founder of the Sankei Garden in Yokohama.
- なお、円珍(智証大師)の自筆である『円珍俗姓系図』(承和 (日本)年間、園城寺蔵、国宝)は、「景行天皇─武国凝別皇子」に始まる竪系図として貴重である。
- 'Genealogy of secular surname of Enchin' written by Enchin (Chisho Daishi) in his own hand (during the Jowa era, the property of Enjo-ji Temple, a national treasure) is valuable Tatekeizu (a genealogy in which names of parents and those of children are connected with vertical lines) starting with 'Emperor Keiko-Takekunikoriwake no oji.'
- 今年もオロチのやって来る時期が近付き、このままでは最後に残った末娘のクシナダヒメ(櫛名田比売、奇稲田姫)も食べられてしまうので、泣いているのであった。
- It was around the time for Orochi to come that year, and they were crying because Kushinadahime, their youngest daughter who was left behind, would be eaten if they did not do anything.
- 「京へ、筑紫に、坂東さ」とは室町時代のことわざであり、ポルトガル人宣教師ジョアン・ロドリゲスの『日本大文典』(1604~1608年)にも記載されている。
- Kyo he, Tsukushi ni, Banto sa' was a common saying in the Muromachi period, and was recorded in Arte da Lingoa de Iapam (1604-1608) by Joao Rodriguez, a Portuguese missionary.
- ただし、成立に関していえば、第1類本である学習院大学図書館蔵本が源頼朝の死(正治元年・1199)に関する記事を含んでいるので、これ以降であることは確実。
- However, it is certain that the work was completed at least after 1199, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo passed away, because the manuscript of the first edition which is owned by Gakushuin University Library contains an article concerning the death of Yoritomo.
- つまり、『雨月物語』は本当に序にあるように明和5年に成立したのだろうか、刊行までの8年という長い間には、どういう意味があるのだろうか、というものである。
- In other words, there are questions about whether 'Ugetsu Monogatari' was really finished in 1768 as the preface said, and what is meant by the long period of eight years before its publication.
- 旅行者・従者の身分、姓名、年齢、携行品、行き先、旅行目的、交付申請、申請に対する審査、交付年月、交付官司の官職名、氏名等が、過所に記載される内容となる。
- Descriptions such as social status, name, age and belongings, destination, purpose of traveling of traveler and attendant, application for issuance, examination for application, date of issuance, and post and name of government official in charge of issuance were contained in Kasho.
- 恒例の行事については、庸や調を継承したとされる年料・率分によって賄われ、臨時の行事については行事所や蔵人所が召物・所課などの形式で諸国に負担を配分した。
- The events in the established custome were alloted from nenryo (annual tribute) and ritsubun (ritsubun 〔the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo were supplied to the tax storage called 'ritsubun-do'〕) that is said to have replaced yo and cho, and the extra events were borne by each province in form of meshimono or shoka (imposition) allocated by gyojisyo or kurodo dokoro (the Office of Imperial Household Logistics).
- 統治自体は委託された藩の仕置に任されており、徴税した年貢の一部を口米・口永などの名目で手数料として藩に与えられた他は主要地にある幕府の米蔵に納められた。
- The operation to govern the land itself was entrusted to the clan, and nengu (land tax) rice crop from the land was placed in bakufu rice warehouses in key areas, after a portion of the yearly contribution was nominally given to clans such as Kuchimai or Kuchinaga.
- しかし、星野は源平盛衰記の時代、つまり1185年の平家滅亡までや、源頼家の将軍職退位など、あまりにも明らかな部分以外にはほとんど疑いを抱いていなかった。
- However, Hoshino had little doubt about the work except the parts which were obviously wrong such as the period of Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and the Taira families, or the period until the fall of the Taira family in 1185, and MINAMOTO no Yoriie's abdicating the post of shogun.
- これが小島法師(児島高徳と同一人物か?)などの手によって増補改訂されてゆき、1370年ころまでには現在の40巻からなる太平記が成立したと考えられている。
- That version was revised and enlarged at the hands of Priest Kojima (the same person as Takanori KOJIMA?), among others, and it is thought that the present Taiheiki in 40 books had come into existence by around 1370.
- 道長についての記述に賞賛が多く見られることが特徴として挙げられるが、彼の晩年を襲った病苦や、摂関政治の裏面を生きる敗者の悲哀をも詳らかに描き出している。
- It is said that a defining characteristic is the admiration seen in the descriptions of Michinaga, but it also clearly shows his suffering due to illness in his later years and even the pains of living in defeat under the Regency government.
- 戦後間もない昭和25年ごろ、丹後の寒村・樽泊の木樵の娘・夕子は、貧しい父、肺病の母と三人の妹のために京西陣の色町・五番町夕霧楼に自ら売られて遊女となる。
- The story was set in around 1950, shortly after the end of the World War II, when Yuko, the daughter of a wood cutter in Tarudomari (樽泊), a poor village in Tango, was voluntarily sold to a red-light district Goban-cho Yugiri-ro in Nishijin, Kyoto to be a prostitute to support her poor father, mother with lung disease, and three younger sisters.
- 洒落本の元祖と目されるのは享保年間出版の『両巴巵言(りょうはしげん)』(1728年)、『史林残花』で、漢文体で江戸・吉原の風俗を滑稽に描いたものである。
- The 'Ryoha shigen' (Words on the Wine Cup of the Pleasure Quarters, 1728) and 'Shirin zanka' (Remaining Flowers of the Historical Forest), published in the Kyoho era and humorously describing the manners and customs of Yoshiwara in Edo (the most famous pleasure quarter during the Edo period) in kanbun (Sino-Japanese) style, are regarded as the first well-known sharebon works.
- 『古今集』撰進から四十余年しか経っていないこともあり、紀貫之(81首)・伊勢 (歌人)(72首)・藤原兼輔(24首)ら、古今時代の歌人が再び主役を演じた。
- Kokinshu poets figured prominently also in Gosenwakashu, which includes eighty-one poems by KI no Tsurayuki, seventy-two by Ise (a poet), and twenty-four by FUJIWARA no Kanesuke, partially because no more than forty years had passed since the compilation of 'Kokinshu.'
- 坂東健雄は、高田説が通説であるとしながらも、どちらの説も決め手に欠けるとし、やはり、出版にいたる8年間に推敲が行われた可能性は否定できないことを指摘した。
- Takeo BANDO admitted that a theory advocated by TAKADA was commonly accepted, but both theories had no conclusive evidences and he pointed out that it would be difficult to deny the possibility of revising the work for the eight years until the book was published.
- さらに、1973年には、トルファンのアスターナ石窟中の509号墓から、開元20年(732年)の、ソグド商人の石染典ら一行が使用した過所の現物が発見された。
- Moreover, in 1973, the original of Kasho used by a group including 石染典, a Sogdian merchant, in 732 was found in the 509th tomb in the Astana Cave in Turpan.
- 持明院統・大覚寺統両統の政争に、それぞれが庇護した歌道の家である京極派・二条派の対立が絡み、企画から選定までに20年近い歳月を要した複雑な成り立ちを持つ。
- Its compilation was difficult and took nearly 20 years from planning to final selection, involving the political dispute between the Jimyo-in line and the Daikakuji line, and the conflict between the poetic houses they supported, Kyogoku and Nijo.
- また、1980年代に、『万葉集』の言葉は古代朝鮮語と関係がある、又は、それにより解釈できるという意見が出され、一連の著作がベストセラーになったことがある。
- In the 1980s, it was suggested that the language used in the 'Manyoshu' is related to ancient Korean, and that the Manyoshu could have been read by Koreans of that time, and a series of books about this theory became a bestseller.
- 以上の画風・書風の検討、また男性歌人像の装束の胸部や両袖部の張りの強さを強調した描き方などから、佐竹本の制作年代は鎌倉時代中期、13世紀と推定されている。
- Based on the study of painting and handwriting style described above as well as the tenseness in drawing of chest and sleeves of male poets, it is estimated that the Satake version hand scrolls were made in the mid-Kamakura Period in the 13th century.
- 1958年の売春防止法施行まで存在していた五番町 (京都市)遊廓を舞台に家族を養うために丹後からきた少女とその幼馴染である学生僧の悲恋を描いた小説である。
- Set in Goban-cho (Kyoto City), a red-light district existed until the Anti-Prostitution Law was enforced in 1958, this is a blighted love story between a girl who came from Tango to feed her family and a young priest who was her childhood friend.
- また大蛇が毎年娘をさらって行ったということは、神に対して一人の処女が生贄としてささげられていたということであり、その野蛮な風習を廃しえたことも表している。
- Kidnap of a girl by the monster serpent also represents a virgin offered up as a sacrificial victim to the god, which also means that people abolished the uncivilized manners.
- 異説では、那珂通世の計算には誤認があり、一蔀は「革命勘文」の引用のとおり1320年が正しく従って逆算起点は斉明天皇7年(661年)の辛酉の年になるともいう。
- According to another view, the calculation of Michiyo NAKA is wrong and one period is correctly 1320 years as cited in 'kakumeikanmon,' so that the first year of back calculation corresponds to the Kanototori year of 661.
- こうした有形文化財に加え、乞巧奠(きっこうてん、七夕)のような昔ながらの年中行事や和歌の家としての伝統を保持するため、財団法人冷泉家時雨亭文庫が設立された。
- In addition to handling these tangible cultural properties, the Foundation of the Shigure-tei library of the Reizei family was established to preserve records of ancient cultural practices like the Tanabata Star Festival (the festival of the Weaver, which still takes place on the seventh day of the seventh month) as well, and to preserve the Reizei family's poetic conventions as a family famed for its waka poems.
- 玉鬘十帖は彼女をめぐる物語を中心に、「初音」より「行幸」に六条院の一年を優雅な筆致で描く短い帖によって構成されており、話の運びよりも風情が主体となっている。
- The ten quires of Tamakazura consist of short chapters which deal with the story around her, beginning with Hatsune (The First Warbler) and ending with Miyuki (The Imperial Process), in which a year in the Rokujo estate is elegantly depicted, focusing on elegance rather than the plot itself.
- 1986年には当時、東京・赤坂にあったサントリー美術館で「開館25周年記念展 三十六歌仙絵」が開催され、佐竹本三十六歌仙絵37点のうち、20点が出品された。
- In 1986, the Suntory Museum of Art that was in Akasaka, Tokyo, at the time held 'An Exhibition Commemorating the 25th Anniversary - Portraits of the Thirty-six Immortal Poets' in which 20 out of 37 pieces of Satake version were exhibited.
- たとえば憲法十七条の制定は「推古十二年夏四月丙寅朔戊辰(へいいんさくぼしん)」であるが、これは四月一日の干支が丙寅であって、戊辰は三日であることを示している。
- For example, the establishment of the Seventeen Article Constitution was on 'heiin saku (first day of the month) boshin, April 604,' which showed that the Oriental zodiac of April 1 was heiin and that boshin was the third.
- 当初は『保元物語』や『平治物語』と同様に、合戦が本格化した治承(元号)年間より『治承物語(じしょうものがたり)』と呼ばれていたと推測されているが、確証はない。
- It is conjectured that the tale had originally been called 'Jisho Monogatari' since the Jisho era, when the battle grew more severe, as well as 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War) and 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji), but there is no evidence.
- 紫式部の本名は不明であるが、「御堂関白記」の寛弘4年正月29日の条において掌侍になったとされる記事のある「藤原香子」(かおりこ/たかこ/こうし)との説もある。
- Murasaki Shikibu's real name is unknown, but it is assumed that she was the 'FUJIWARA no Kaoriko/Takako/Koshi,' who became shoji (ranked) on January 29, 1007, which was described in 'Mido Kanpakuki (FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary).'
- 一般に聖徳太子自筆とされている『法華義疏』の写本(紙本墨書、4巻)は、記録によれば753年までに行信が発見して法隆寺にもたらしたもので、長らく同寺に伝来した。
- The transcript of 'Hokke Gisho' (ink on paper, 4 volumes), generally believed to have been written by Prince Shotoku himself, was found by Gyoshin by 753, according to records, and brought to Horyu-ji Temple, where it was kept for a long period.
- 年が明け正月に六条院で華やかな女楽が催され、女三宮、紫の上、明石の女御、明石の御方が揃って見事な演奏を披露したが、その晩に37歳の厄年だった紫の上が突然倒れる。
- A splendid concert of onnagaku (women's music) is held at Rokujo-in Palace during the New Year's days, and Onna Sannomiya, Murasaki no ue, young lady Akashi, and Akashi no onkata all give a wonderful performance, but Murasaki no ue, in her unlucky age of thirty-seven, suddenly collapses during the night.
- 現存する『古事記』の写本で最古のものは、「伊勢本系統」の1371年から翌1372年にかけて大須観音の僧・賢瑜によって書写された真福寺本古事記三帖(国宝)である。
- The oldest existing 'Kojiki' manuscript is the Shinpuku-ji manuscript copied in three fascicles (national treasure) that belongs to `Ise-bon group' copied by Kenyu, a monk of Osu-Kannon Temple from 1371 to 1372.
- その元になる32冊は黒川本(和学講談所本)と同様に、応永11年に金沢文庫本から書写したものを更に文亀年間(1501~1504年)に書き写したものと見られている。
- As well as Kurokawabon (Wagaku Kodan-shobon), those original 32 volumes seem to have been copied from the ones owned by the Kanazawa Library in 1404, and then recopied during the Bunki era (1501 to 1504).
- わけても、原本を忠実に写したとされる青谿書屋本などをもとにして池田亀鑑がなした『古典の批判的処置に関する研究』(1941年)にいたってほとんど完成するに至った。
- Above all, Kikan IKEDA wrote 'A Study on Critical Dealing with the Classics' (1941), concerning himself with the Seikeishookubon, which is said to have been copied true to the original manuscript, and brought his study near to completion.
- 中国の史書、『晋書』安帝 (東晋)には、266年に倭国の関係記事があり、その後は5世紀の初めの413年(東晋・義熙9年)に倭国が貢ぎ物を献じたことが記されている。
- In the articles of Emperor An in 'Jin shu' (History of the Jin Dynasty), a history book in China, there is a description on Wakoku (Japan) in 266, and also another description that Wakoku paid a tribute in 413.
- 藤原実資の日記『小右記』長和2年5月25日 (旧暦)条で「『越後守為時女』として皇太后彰子と実資の取り次ぎ役を務めた」との記述が紫式部で残された最後のものとなる。
- The last description about Murasaki Shikibu appears in 'Shoyuki,' the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke, dated May 25 (lunar calendar) 1014, saying that 'as 'a daughter of Tametoki, who was a governor of Echigo Province,' she conveyed a message from the wife of the Retired Empress Shoshi to Sanesuke.'
- 治承四年(1180)四月、中御門大路と東京極大路の交差点付近(現在の京都市上京区松蔭町、京都市歴史資料館の辺りか)で大きな竜巻(長明は『辻風』と記述)が発生した。
- In April 1180, a big tornado (a 'whirlwind,' according to Chomei) occurred near the crossroads of Nakamikado-oji Street and Higashikyogoku-oji Street (near the present Matsukagecho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City and the Kyoto City Museum of Historical Materials).
- またその系譜は2グループあり、北条本、黒川本は応永年間(1394~1427年)に金沢文庫本により書写されたものの系統を引き、吉川本はそれとはまったく別系統となる。
- The lines, divided into two groups (Hojobon and Kurokawabon), inherited the manuscript copied from Kanazawa Library during the period of Oei (1394 to 1427), while Yoshikawabon belonged to a quite different line.
- 通説では作者藤原明衡の晩年である天喜年間(1053年 - 1058年)あるいは康平年間(1058年 - 1065年)とするが、長元元年(1028年)とする説もある。
- But there are two widely held views that it was either completed during the Tengi era (1053-1058), when the author FUJIWARA no Akihira was in his later years, during the Kohei era (1058-1065), or the first year of the Chogen era (1028).
- そして『普通唱導集』(永仁5年・1297)には保元・平家と並んで琵琶法師の語りが広まっていたことが記されており、13世紀後半には物語は広く浸透してものと判断される。
- 'Futsu-shodo shu' (a selection of ordinary advocates) (1297) contains a record that the storytelling by a biwa-playing minstrel had spread as well as the Hogen Monogatari and Heike Monogatari, so it is estimated that by the late 13th century the story was widely known.
- 1904年2月23日に「局外中立宣言」をしていた韓国との間で日韓議定書を締結し、日本が必要であれば朝鮮半島各地で軍隊を展開できるようになり、通行権などが確保された。
- On February 23, 1904, Japan concluded the Japan-Korea Protocol with Korea, who had announced 'Neutrality Declaration'; this allowed deployment of Japanese forced throughout Korean Peninsula if Japan required and a right of way was guaranteed.
- また、荘園領主の許に徴収した年貢・公事などを運上する人夫役や関連した施設の警固や修繕を行う際にも荘民に対して臨時の徴用を行う場合があり、それもまた「公事」と称した。
- Also, in some cases, there was a coolie duty to deliver collected nengu or kuji to lord of the manor or other extra compulsory service such as guard or repair of the related facilities, which were also referred to as kuji.
- 目録の終わりに「応永11年甲申(1404年)8月25日金沢文庫御本書之」とあり、1404年(応永11年)に金沢文庫本から書写したものを更に書写したものと推定される。
- In the end of the table of contents, it says, 'Copied from the manuscript owned by the Kanazawa Library on August 25, 1404,' so it seems to have been recopied from the one owned by the Kanazawa Library.
- 本法以降に出された追加の法令は「建武以来追加」と呼ばれるが、これは建武式目の追加という意味ではなく、建武年間以降に出された御成敗式目の追加という意味だとされている。
- Although the additional laws made after this code are called 'Kenmu supplementary legislation,' it is said that the name does not refer to supplements of the Kenmu Code, but rather to supplements of the Goseibai-shikimoku that were made after the Kenmu period.
- 浪華青年文学会に参加の後、明治33年(1900年)、浜寺公園の旅館で行なわれた歌会で歌人・与謝野鉄幹と親しくなり、鉄幹が創立した新詩社の機関誌『明星』に短歌を発表。
- After participated in the Kansai Young Men's Literary Society, in 1900, she became acquainted with a waka poet Tekkan YOSANO at a poetry reading held at a Japanese-style hotel in Hamaderakoen and contributed her poem to 'Myojo,' an in-house magazine of Shinshisha (New Poetry Society) founded by Tekkan.
- 近年『吾妻鏡』の研究で大きな仕事をしたのは五味文彦であるが、五味文彦は『中世法制史料集』の態度を紹介しながら、それでも『吾妻鏡』は、実に豊かな法令を含んでいるという。
- It was Fumihiko GOMI who accomplished a great achievement in his recent study of 'Azuma Kagami,' introducing his stance on 'A Collection of Historical Materials on the Medieval Legal System,' he claimed that 'Azuma Kagami' still contains an abundance of laws.
- 近年では1990年から2000年までの五味文彦の研究があり、八代国治の分析を更に進める形で、『吾妻鏡』のベースとなった日記、筆録がどの時代の誰であったかの推論を行う。
- In recent years, a study was conducted by Fumihiko GOMI from 1990 to 2000, which deepened the analysis by Kuniji YASHIRO, considering when and by whom those diaries and the written records which became a foundation of 'Azuma Kagami' were written.
- 多くの歌で上代の東国方言が多用されており、歌の成立年代や作者の出自、記録の経緯が一切不明という問題点はあるにしても、古代の方言の具体的な記録として重要な位置を占める。
- As the dialects of the Togoku region of the period are frequently used in most of the poems the 'Azumauta' has an important position as a specific record of these ancient dialects, even though the year the poems were composed, the profile of the composers, and how they were recorded remain unknown.
- 同年5月5日、読売新聞が「新しい女」の連載を開始し、第一回に晶子のパリ行きを取り上げ、翌6日には晶子の出発の様子を報じた(平塚らいてうなど総勢500余名が見送った)。
- On May 5, 1912, the Yomiuri Shimbun started a series of articles entitled 'Atarashii Onna' (New Women) with an article on Akiko's voyage to Paris, and on the following day the newspaper reported her departure (some 500 people including Raicho HIRATSUKA saw her off).
- しかし、折口信夫の論文『妣が国へ・常世へ』(1920年に発表)以降、特に「常世」と言った場合、単なる死者の国ではなく、海の彼方・または海中にあるとされる理想郷である。
- However, after the release of Shinobu ORIKUCHI's thesis, 'Haha ga kuni he/ Tokoyo he' (published in 1920), it does not a mere world of the dead, but a Utopia which is considered to exist over the sea or in the sea when you mentioned especially 'Tokoyo.'
- 前編3巻(神代)、正編40巻(「本朝編年録」に元からあったのは正編。神武天皇~宇多天皇)、続編230巻(醍醐天皇~後陽成天皇)など、全310巻から構成される日本通史。
- It was a 310-volume book of complete Japanese history: first 3 volumes (the age of the gods), the main 40 volumes (main volumes were based on 'Honchohennenroku' describing the era from Emperor Jimmu to Emperor Uda), and the sequel of 230 volume (the era from Emperor Daigo to Emperor Goyosei).
- そこで、完成の翌年である養老5年(721年)には早くも、『日本書紀』を自然な日本語で読むべく、宮中において時の博士が貴族たちの前で講義するという機会が公的に設けられた。
- Therefore, in 721, which was the following year after completion, there was an official opportunity for masters at the time to have a lecture in front of nobles at the Imperial Palace in order to read 'Nihonshoki' in natural Japanese.
- さらに老年の光源氏をとりまく子女の恋愛模様や(同じく第2部)、或いは源氏死後の孫たちの恋(第3部)がつづられ、長篇恋愛小説として間然とするところのない首尾を整えている。
- Furthermore, the romance of ladies surrounding old Hikaru Genji is described (Part 2), and the love of his grandchildren after his death is depicted (Part 3), being flawless and coherent as an epic love story.
- 嘗てここに清原元輔の山荘があり、晩年の清少納言が隠棲したと思われる所としては、昭和49年(1974年)、当時の平安博物館館長・角田文衞氏の発案によって歌碑が建立された。
- Once there was a mountain villa of KIYOHARA no Motosuke here, and Sei Shonagon in her later years seems to have lived in seclusion, so in 1974 Bunei TSUNODA, who was then a director of the Heian Museum of Ancient History, suggested that a monument be erected.
- そこで、天つ神は、ナキメに、アメノワカヒコに葦原中ッ国に遣わしたのは、其の国の荒ぶる神どもを平定せよと言ったのに、何故八年経ても帰ってこないのかを、聞くように命令した。
- The reason why Amatsu kami sent Nakime to Ashihara no nakatsukuni was to ask Amenowakahiko why he did not come back even after eight years had passed, although he was told to pacify the violent gods in the country.
- この人事に関して『平家物語』は実定が平清盛の同情を乞うために厳島神社に参詣したためと語っているが、実際に実定が厳島を参詣したのは2年後の治承3年(1179年)3月である。
- Concerning these assignments, the 'Heike monogatari' (Tale of the Heike) claims that Sanesada went on a pilgrimage to Itsukushima (Miyajima) Shrine at this point in order to elicit the sympathy of TAIRA no Kiyomori, but in actuality, he did not set off on his pilgrimage then but two years later, in the third month of 1179.
- …(於焉惜舊辭之誤忤 正先紀之謬錯 以和銅四年九月十八日 詔臣安萬侶 撰録稗田阿禮所誦之勅語舊辭 以獻上者 謹隨詔旨 子細採摭然、上古之時 言意並朴 敷文構句 於字即難)
- A well-known emperor was sorry about Kyuji (a record of stories currently at court) that were incorrect, and attempted to correct pre-existing documents. On September 18, 711, the emperor ordered his subject, Yasumaro to present the Kyuji that was selected and recorded immediately after the emperor settled in Omiya, Kiyohara in Asuka, to the extent that HIEDA no Are could recite, and Yasumaro happily followed the emperor's words, thoroughly picking up Kyuji. However, during the ancient period, the words and meanings were so unsophisticated that it was difficult to describe the content when organizing characters and forming a phrase by using characters from abroad.
- このように1905年7月から1910年までは日本の保護国であるとはいえ、そのまま相手国の切手が全体で使われたのは、他国で行われた保護国政策と比較すると異例なことであった。
- Although Korea was a protectorate of Japan between July 1905 and 1910, use of stamps of the suzerain in the mass was unusual compared to the protectorate policy practiced in other countries.
- しかし、当時まだ年少だった長皇子・舎人親王等を除けば、血統的に草壁と互角だった大津の政治参加は一応は明確になっていた草壁への皇位継承が半ば白紙化してしまった事を意味した。
- However, Otsu was equal with Kusakabe in line of descent, excluding Naga no miko and Imperial Prince Toneri, and his political participation meant that Kusakabe's right of succession to the Imperial Throne, which had been tentatively certain, was almost lost.
- 2005年以降は毎年秋に4日間に限って主催の「非公開文化財特別拝観」の一環として、冷泉家住宅の一般公開が行われており、有料ではあるが予約・抽選などは無く誰でも見学ができる。
- Starting in 2005, another step was taken towards opening the Reizei residence to the public, in that now it is opened every autumn--for only four days--for a sponsored 'special viewing of privately owned cultural properties' to the general public, and although an admission fee is charged, now anyone can come examine the building, without reservations or lotteries.
- 明治時代の国文学史上では例えば藤岡作太郎から「怪奇」「読者の心を欺く」「小説になっていない」「嘔吐を催す」などと評される事もあったが、近年ジェンダーの視点から再評価された。
- In the history of Japanese literature in the Meiji period, Sakutaro FUJIOKA criticized the story saying 'bizarre,' 'something that betrays readers,' 'it is not even a novel' and 'it makes people feel sick,' but now the work is revalued from the perspective of gender.
- 星野恒の『吾妻鏡考』(1889年)について諸研究書に見る限り、『吾妻鏡』を幕府記録の嚆矢(こうし)であり、武家制度、法令、政治経済を理解する上で必須の史料と位置づけている。
- As various studies say, 'A Study of Azuma Kagami' (1889) written by Hisashi HOSHINO ranks 'Azuma Kagami' as the essential historical material to understand the samurai system, laws, politics and economies, and it was seen as the beginning of the record of shogunate.
- 生涯を通じ、たびたび各地を旅したが、1502年弟子の宗長、宗碩らに伴われて越後から美濃国に向かう途中、箱根温泉の旅館で没し、駿河国桃園(現:静岡県裾野市)定輪寺に葬られた。
- He frequently travelled to various parts of the country throughout his life, and in 1502, he died at an inn at the Hakone hotsprings while on the way from Echigo to Mino Province with his disciples Socho and Soseki, and was buried at Jorin-ji Temple at Momozono, Suruga Province (currently Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture).
- 貞観 (日本)年間(859~877)、右大臣藤原良相の長男、大納言左大将藤原常行が愛人のもとへ行く途中、美福門周辺で東大宮大路の方から歩いてくる100人ほどの鬼の集団に遭遇。
- During the Jogan era (Japan, 859 - 877), when Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and General of the Left FUJIWARA no Tsuneyuki, the oldest son of Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Yoshimi, was on his way to his mistress, he came across about 100 demons in a group walking from Higashi Omiya Oji near the Bifukumon Gate.
- 恋人冷泉天皇第三皇子弾正宮為尊親王が前年長保4年に薨じ、また為尊親王との恋のため父親にも勘当され、さらに夫橘道貞との関係も冷めたものとなって嘆きつつ追憶の日々を過ごしていた。
- It was a time when Izumi Shikibu was grieving over the death of her lover, Imperial Prince Tametaka of Danjo (the Third Prince of Emperor Reizei), who had passed away in 1002, the disownment by her father, and the cold relationship between her husband TACHIBANA no Michisada.
- 『雨月物語』は、諸説あるが、明和5年から安永5年の間にかかれ(→出版経緯)、安永5年4月(1776年)に、京都寺町通の梅村判兵衛と大阪高麗橋筋の野村長兵衛の合同で出版された。
- Although there are some different conjectures, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' was written from 1768 to 1776 (See How the book was published), and it was published in 1776 by Hanbei UMEMURA of Teramachi-dori Street, Kyoto and Chobei NOMURA of Osaka Koraibashi-suji (street).
- そのほか、荘園領主や国衙が検注や勧農、年貢・公事収納のために派遣した使者や彼らの庇護を受けた客人が現地を通過する際には境界まで出向いて迎えて三日厨などの接待(供給)を行った。
- When envoys that had been sent by the lord of the manor or kokuga that been sent to conduct a land survey or kanno (encouragement of agriculture) or to deliver nengu or kuji, the local lords would meet them and any visitors under their protection at the border to welcome them and entertain them with a mikkakuriya (a three-day banquet).
- 遊廓のお座敷遊びであった首引きやじゃんけんもテーマとされ、地震の2年前に黒船で来航したマシュー・ペリーとナマズが首引きをする「安政二年十月二日夜大地震鯰問答」などの例がある。
- Kubihiki (a tug of war between two persons with a loop of cord stretched around their necks) and janken (the game of 'paper stone and scissors') which were Ozashiki-Asobi (games with Geisha - Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking parties) in red light districts were used as themes and there is the example of 'November 11, 1855, the night of a big earthquake, namazu mondo' (literally, talk on catfish) in which Mathew Perry and a catfish play kubihiki.
- しかし政治的背景を元にした古典文芸の復権があった他、新聞の連載小説形式や活版印刷技術などの登場を機に明治10年頃から合巻が再び脚光を浴びるなど戯作は明治期にも続けられていた。
- However, the restoration of the classic literature based on the political background, the appearances of a serial novel style on newspaper, typographical technology, and so on, brought Gokan to the limelight again from around 1877; Gesaku was still written during the Meiji period.
- 群馬県大泉町の天文家・小林隆男は、1997年に発見した小惑星(仮符号1997 AY1)に「八咫烏」と命名、2004年8月9日に(9106)八咫烏 (小惑星)として登録された。
- Takao KOBAYASHI, an astronomer who lives in Oizumi town, Gunma Prefecture, named the asteroid (temporary code 1997 AY1) that he found in 1997 'Yatagarasu,' and it was registered as (9106) Yatagarasu (asteroid) on August 9, 2004.
- 冒頭の作者署名に右京大夫と官名が記されており、明衡が右京大夫に任官した記録は他にないが、事実とすればこれが彼の極官であったことから、晩年の作であろうとする見解が多いだけである。
- He signed his name and official title of Ukyo no Daibu (Right City Commissioner) on the first page of the book, and if it is true, although there is no record of his being appointed as Ukyo no Daibu, it would be his final title, which is the only reason why many people suppose that the work was written in his later years.
- そのことは継体天皇の没年が『古事記』と『日本書紀』で三説があげられ、『書紀』の編者は外国資料である『百済本記』に基づき531年説を本文に採用したことからも推察することができる。
- This can be guessed by the fact that there are three kinds of descriptions on the year of Emperor Keitai's death in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' and that the editor of 'Shoki' adopted the theory of 531 based on a foreign material, 'Original records of Baekje.'
- 近代に入って1917年には今出川通の拡幅工事に伴い曳家(ひきや、建物を解体せずに平行移動させること)が行われ、敷地も縮小したが、各建物の配置などは旧状をよくとどめているという。
- More recently, in 1917, as a consequence of the construction project to widen the Imadegawa-dori (street), the buildings were dragged (in other words, moved as is, without disassembling them) some distance away, and although the size of the Reizei plot of land was reduced, the positioning of the various buildings were kept largely in their old configuration.
- 上冷泉家の「御文庫」に保存されてきた古文書・古写本類は、一部研究者にはその存在が知られていたが、長らく非公開とされ、一般にその存在が知られるようになったのは1980年からである。
- The existence of such a wide variety of old documents and manuscripts preserved in the obunko (library) of the Kami branch of the Reizei family was known to a handful of researchers over the years, but the library remained private for a long time, so in general, the extent of their collection was not widely known until 1980.
- 現在、「四鏡」と呼ばれている『水鏡』・『大鏡』・『今鏡』・『増鏡』(扱った時代順に配列)の中で、『今鏡』と『増鏡』の間に空白の年代があり、それが高倉・安徳両天皇の時代に合致する。
- 'Mizu Kagami' (The Water Mirror), 'Okagami' (The Great Mirror), 'Ima Kagami' (The Mirror of the Present), and 'Masu Kagami' (The Clear Mirror) (in order of appearance) are now called 'Shikyo' (the four historical narratives of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods with the word 'mirror' in the title), and of these, there is a blank period of time between 'Ima Kagami' and 'Masu Kagami,' which accords with the reigns of both Emperor Takakura and Emperor Antoku.
- 日本文学研究者のエドワード・サイデンステッカーの訳(1976年)は、ウェイリー訳の欠点を改善し、戦後の文学的傾向に合わせて、文章の装飾を落とし、原文に近づける努力がなされている。
- Edward SEIDENSTICKER, a scholar of Japanese literature, translated the work (1976) and corrected the flaws in WALEY's translation; he endeavored to approximate the original text by removing overly decorated translation and adjusting to the postwar literary tendency.
- 加藤盤斎の『土佐日記見聞抄』は年代がなく成立年は不明であるが、万治4(1661年)年の跋がある人見卜幽の『土佐日記附注』、北村季吟の『土佐日記抄』などと同時期のものであるらしい。
- 'The Tosa Diary's Experiences Abstract,' written by Bansai KATO, doesn't have the year of creation in the book, but it seems to have been written around the same time that 'The Tosa Diary with Note' by Bokuyu HITOMI, which has a postscript dated 1661, and 'The Tosa Diary's Abstract' (by Kigin KITAMURA) were completed.
- 第2期は、遷都(710年)までで、代表歌人は、柿本人麻呂・高市黒人(たけちのくろひと)・長意貴麻呂(ながのおきまろ)などの官人達の儀礼的な場での宮廷賛歌や旅の歌などが有名である。
- The second period is to the transfer of the capital in 710, and contains both famous poems in praise of the Imperial Court composed for ceremonial occasions by court officials like KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro, TAKECHI no Kurohito, and NAGA no Okimaro, and poems composed during travel.
- 『万葉集』に45首を残し、そのうち作歌の年次がわかるものは715年(霊亀元年)の志貴皇子に対する挽歌から、733年(天平5年)の「贈入唐使歌」までの前後19年にわたるものである。
- 'Manyoshu' (the oldest anthology of tanka) includes his 45 poems; among which are poems with dates of composition indicating that he was actively writing poems for at least nineteen years, from 715 when he composed a Banka (lament) for Prince Shiki to 733 when he wrote '贈入唐使歌' (a poem presented to a Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China).
- 記録期間については、日記全体が残っていないため定かではないが、上記の抄本や逸文などの残存状況から勘案して、師輔23歳の延長8年から師輔歿年の天徳4年までの期間であったと考えられる。
- Although the period of record is not clear since the complete diary is not extant, considering the state of the remaining abridgements and fragments, the diary is thought to have been kept from the eighth year of Encho, when Morosuke was 23 years old, up to his death in the fourth year of Tentoku.
- また、能因本は江戸時代初期(寛永年間)の古活字版に底本として利用されたため、『枕草子傍注』や『枕草子春曙抄』(北村季吟註)といった注釈書とセットになって近代まで伝本の主流を占めた。
- Additionally, Noinbon was used as a master copy in making the old plate of type in the early Edo period; therefore, it remained a dominant manuscript along with 'The Pillow Book Bochu (marginal notes)' and 'Shunsho-sho Commentary of The Pillow Book' (annotated by Kigin KITAMURA) until modern times.
- この時代は禅宗寺院での文化的な華やかさとは裏腹に、古き良き御家人時代が終わりを告げ、北条得宗家の独裁、更にその内から得宗家執事の独裁となり、1333年の鎌倉幕府崩壊へと進んでゆく。
- Around this time, contrary to the splendid culture in the Zen sect temples, the old good days of the vassals were brought to an end, and the dictatorship of the Hojo-Tokuso family began, established by the under secretary of Tokuso family, leading to the collapse of the Kamakura bakufu in 1333.
- ただし、『兵範記』保元元年8月27日の記事では為朝を捕縛した平家貞が特別に恩賞にあずかっており、為朝が崇徳院に味方した武士のなかでも特別な存在であったとみなされていた可能性は高い。
- However, an article in 'Heihan-ki' dated August 27, 1156, says that TAIRA no Iesada, who had captured Tametomo, received a special reward; this indicates that Tametomo was probably considered a particularly important man among the warriors who had sided with Sutoku.
- 1954年、大佛は著作権無視、原作を書き換えて題名だけ盗んでいる、映画の鞍馬天狗は人を斬りすぎて原作者の意向を無視している等との理由を挙げて非難し、嵐が演ずる鞍馬天狗の中止を要求。
- In 1954 Osaragi demanded that Arashi stop performing Kurama Tengu, claiming that his copyright was ignored, his titles were stolen and the original content was rewritten, and Kurama Tengu in the films slashed too many people with his sword, which was against Osaragi's intention.
- また、石井行雄によって『春華秋月抄草』(宗性作)の寛元4年(1246)の執筆箇所に、物語古態本の断片が存在することが確認されており、すくなくともこの年以前には成立していたと目される。
- Yukio ISHII confirmed that the fragment of the oldest manuscript of the story was included in the article dated 1246 in 'Shunka shugetsu shoso' (a book written by Sosho), therefore it is considered that the work was completed at least before 1246.
- また生没年も伝わっていないが、資料・作品等から寛弘5年(1008年)に30歳位と推測されるので、逆算して天延元年(979年)頃生? - 長和五年(1016年)頃没?と推定されている。
- Also, her dates of birth and death are unknown, but it is suggested that she was about 30 years old in 1008, based on historical materials and her works; by counting backwards from that age, she would have been born around 979 and died around 1016.
- 同時代を語る紀伝体歴史物語の『大鏡』が男性官人の観点を貫くのに対し、編年体の体裁をとる『栄花物語』は女性の手になるため、構造や行文には『源氏物語』などの女流文学の投影が色濃く見える。
- While 'Okagami (The Great Mirror),' a contemporary historical tale written in the style of a biographical record, consistently tells the story from the view of an official (probably a man), the annalistic 'Eiga Monogatari' was written in a woman's hand, and the structures and style were strongly influenced by women's literature such as 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 歌人としては『千載和歌集』(歌番号328)に1首入る他、『新古今和歌集』以後の勅撰和歌集に20首入集し、建久2年の若宮社歌合、六百番歌合、千五百番歌合、経房家歌合などにも出詠している。
- His works as a poet were as follows: one poem was collected in 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of a Thousand Years) (poem number 328); 20 poems were collected in the anthologies of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command after 'Shin Kokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry), he joined poetry contests such as Wakamiya-sha shrine waka competition, six hundred verses waka competition, one thousand and five hundred verses waka competition, the Tsunefusa family waka competition in 1191.
- 慶運(けいうん/きょううん、永仁年間(1293年-1299年) - 正平 (日本)24年/応安2年(1369年)頃)は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての天台宗の僧・歌人。
- Keiun, also known as Kyoun (born sometime during the 1293-1299, and died in 1369), was a poet and monk of the Tendai sect who lived in the latter days of Kamakura period into the middle of Japan's Northern and Southern Court period.
- 12世紀末に鎌倉幕府が成立すると、武家の棟梁である征夷大将軍が独自の政治的権限と政務及年中行事の体系を「公事」(政務としての)として構築し、家臣である御家人に対して「公事」を賦課した。
- In the late 12th century when Kamakura bakufu was founded, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), a leader of samurai family, built a system of the political authority, government affairs and annual events as 'kuji' (as government affairs), and imposed 'kuji' to gokenin, vassals.
- 冷泉帝/冷泉院(れいぜいてい・れいぜいのみかど/れいぜいいん)は、『源氏物語』に登場する三番目の天皇(在位:「澪標」~「若菜 (源氏物語)下」。治世18年間は光源氏の全盛期であった)。
- Emperor Reizei/Reizei-in is the third Emperor in 'The Tale of Genji' (period of reign: 'Miotsukushi' (Channel Buoys) to the second volume of 'Wakana' (Spring Shoots), the 18 years of his reign were the golden days of Hikaru Genji).
- しかし、3年後に大江朝綱が死去して別当が大江惟時に代わったころから律令制の弛緩もあって朝廷内の正史編纂への意欲が薄れてきたらしく、安和2年(969年)を最後に活動の記録は見られなくなる。
- But after OE no Asatsuna died three years later and the superintendent was changed to OE no Koretoki, with the Ritsuryo system growing weaker, zeal for the compilation of official histories at court seems to have waned and records of any activity disappear after 969.
- 『読史余論』の自跋には「右三冊ハ正徳 (日本)二年春夏之間、座ヲ賜テ古今ヲ論ジ申セシ時ノ講章ノ草本也」とあるが、実際に稿本が完成されたのはそれ以前であることが漢文の自跋によって知られる。
- Although he said in his afterword to 'Tokushi Yoron' that 'these three books above are drafts of lecture notes from when I gave lectures on ancient and modern times in the presence of my master from spring to summer in the second year of Shotoku (Japan),' it is known from the afterword in kanbun (Sino-Japanese) that in fact the original draft was completed before then.
- 室町時代を中心に栄えたが、御伽草子の名で呼ばれるようになったのは18世紀、およそ享保年間に大坂の渋川清右衛門が『御伽文庫』または『御伽草子』として以下の23編を刊行してからのことである。
- While they flourished around the Muromachi period, they came to be referred to as Otogi Zoshi in the 18th century, around the Kyoho era when Seiemon SHIBUKAWA in Osaka published the following 23 books under the category of 'Otogi Bunko' or 'Otogi Zoshi.'
- 『源氏物語』の原文は専門的な教育なしには現代日本人にとってかなり難しいもので、瀬戸内寂聴の訳したものが近年ベストセラーになったように、むしろ現代語訳で親しんでいる人のほうが多いといえる。
- The original text of 'The Tale of Genji' is very difficult for present-day Japanese people to read without special education, so it can be said that many people are more familiar with modern translations such as the best-selling work by Jakucho SETOUCHI.
- 一方では、この『愚管抄』の「少々アル」を論拠に、物語の成立は1220年以降とみる野村八良のような見解もあり、この曖昧な記載から『保元物語』の成立をうかがい知るのは困難であろうと思われる。
- While Hachiro NOMURA advocated a view that the tale would have been completed after 1220 based on the words in 'Gukansho,' 'I have heard there may be a little something of the sort,' so it seems difficult to know the process of writing 'Hogen Monogatari' with this ambiguous record as a clue.
- 成立年代も、巻末に「天慶3年6月記文」とあることで、将門死去の直後に書かれたとする説が明治時代以来支配的であったが、昭和に入り、この記年は冥界消息に付随する虚構であるとの指摘がなされた。
- As for when it was written, at the very end of the manuscripts there is a note that it was 'written in the sixth month of 940,' so the theory that it was written immediately after Masakado's death predominated beginning in the Meiji period, but since entering the Showa period, the viewpoint has emerged that argues this date was actually a fabrication that is supposed to be attached to Masakado's message from the underworld.
- また兄の影響を受け、「十二、三のころから、『柵草紙』(後には『めざまし草』)『文学界』や尾崎紅葉、幸田露伴、樋口一葉などの小説を読むのが一番の楽しみ」(『明星』明治39年5月)であった。
- In addition, she said, under her elder brother's influence, 'by the time I was twelve or thirteen, my greatest pleasure was reading literary magazines 'Shigaramisoshi' (and later its successor 'Mezamashigusa') and 'Bungakukai' as well as novels by Koyo OZAKI, Rohan KODA, and Ichiyo HIGUCHI' ('Myojo' May 1906).
- が、こちらはある未知の書紀古写本から傍訓のみを抜き出し、適宜片仮名を万葉仮名に書き換えてそれらしく装ったもの(時期は院政~鎌倉期か)と推定されており、いわゆる年次私記の直接の末裔ではない。
- However, it is guessed that these are the abstracts of only bokun from an unknown old manuscript of Shoki which pretended to be a record by transferring katakana to Manyo-gana (it is guessed to be done from the insei period (during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor to the Kamakura period), so that they are not direct legacies of the so-called annual private records.
- 尚、五味文彦は1989年の増補前の『吾妻鏡の方法』における「吾妻鏡の構成と原史料」において、ベースとなる筆録に二階堂行政・二階堂行光、後藤基綱・中原師員、二階堂行方・中原師連をあげている。
- Fumihiko GOMI mentioned the names of Yukimasa and Yukimitsu NIKAIDO, Mototsuna GOTO/Morokazu NAKAHARA, Yukikata NIKAIDO/Morotsura NAKAHARA as people who made written records which became a foundation of the work in his essay 'The Structure and Original Historical Materials of Azuma Kagami' in 'The Method of Azuma Kagami' before the book was enlarged in 1989.
- 1907年1月、陸羯南の発行していた新聞日本 (新聞)が経営難に陥り、陸羯南が社長を退いたことで社員の多くが新社長・伊藤欽亮の経営第一主義に反発し、羯南の盟友であった三宅の『日本人』に合流。
- In January 1907, Shinbun Nihon (a newspaper) fell into financial difficulties and when the president Katsunan KUGA resigned, many of the employees revolted against the profit-chasing style of Kinsuke ITO, the new president, and joined 'Nihonjin' edited by MIYAKE, who was a close friend of Katsunan.
- 岸本由豆流は、のち、『土佐日記考証』(文化 (元号)12(1815年)年ごろか)をあらわし、諸抄を取捨選択、綿密な考証をこころみ、富士谷御杖は『土佐日記灯』をあらわして一大研究をうちたてた。
- Yuzuru KISHIMOTO later published 'A Study of the Tosa Diary' (around 1815), picking and choosing some abstracts and checking them very closely, while Mitsue FUJITANI wrote her major work, 'Study of the Tosa Diary.'
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に開始された後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1336年に湊川の戦いで新田義貞・楠木正成らを破り京都へ入り、施政方針を定めた建武式目を制定する。
- During the Northern and Southern Court period of Japan in 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who had turned against the Kenmu Restoration started by Emperor Godaigo after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, defeated Yoshisada NITTA and Masashige KUSUNOKI in the battle of Minatogawa, entered Kyoto, and established his administrative policies in the Kenmu Code.
- ちなみに、大宅世継は作中で自分は清和天皇が退位した年の1月15日 (旧暦)生まれだと発言しており、彼の生年月日は貞観_(日本)18年1月15日(ユリウス暦876年2月13日)ということになる。
- Additionally, OYAKE no Yotsugi mentioned in the work that he was born on January 15 of the year of Emperor Seiwa's abdication, making his date of birth February 13, 876 (in the Julian calendar).
- 『吾妻鏡』の編年が鎌倉時代中期以降とされることからも、この話しは「騎射戦の心得」の伝授に力点があり、事実と断定は出来ないが、しかし物語のような武勇譚が生まれる下地は実際にあったのかもしれない。
- 'Azumakagami' seems to have been compiled after the middle of the Kamakura period and it is difficult to consider this article to be true because it focuses on knowledge on a cavalry battle, but there might have in fact been a basis for generating a heroic episode such as this tale.
- 芝神明榮太樓の銘菓「江の嶋」最中は、明治35年2月に紅葉が名づけ題字を認めたものであり、紅葉の本を装丁した武内桂舟の下絵とともに今でも用いられており、現在まで続くロングセラー商品となっている。
- A long-established confectionery in Shibashinmei Eitaro's famous sweet 'Enoshima' monaka (bean-jam-filled wafers) was named by Koyo in February 1902 and he allowed the shop to use his handwriting on the package with an illustration by Keishu TAKEUCHI, an illustrator of Koyo's books, and this package is still used today for the long-seller 'Enoshima.'
- 住宅、古写本とも長らく一般公開はされてこなかったが、1994年から2000年にかけて「平成の大修理」が行われたことを受け、冷泉家住宅のみ2001年秋に抽選の当選者に限って初めて5日間公開された。
- Both the residence and the manuscripts had not been open to the public for a very long time, but having received aid from the Great Heisei Repairs (a nationwide effort to restore old buildings to their ancient appearance) which lasted from 1994 to 2000, the Reizei residence only was opened to the public for the first time--but only to winners of a special lottery--for five days in the fall of 2001.
- 紀貫之(き の つらゆき、貞観 (日本)8年または14年(866年、872年)頃? - 天慶9年5月18日 (旧暦)(945年6月19日)?)は、日本の平安時代前期から中期の歌人、随筆家である。
- KI no Tsurayuki (866 or 872? - June 19, 945?) was a poet and essayist from the early to the middle Heian period.
- 平家残党は20年の雌伏を経て、将軍後継問題で揺れる幕府の動揺に乗じて建仁3年(1203年)12月、伊勢平氏若菜五郎が軍勢を率いて伊勢国の守護である山内首藤経俊の舘を襲撃し、再び反乱の兵を挙げた。
- After biding their time for 20 years, the remnants of the Taira clan led by Goro WAKANA of Ise Heishi took advantage of the turmoil in the government, which was caused by the shogun's successor issue, and attacked the house of Tsunetoshi YAMANOUCHI SUDO serving as the shugo of Ise Province to raise a rebellion again in January 1204.
- 本藩人物誌(ほんぱんじんぶつし)は、戦国時代 (日本)を中心に、15世紀中頃から17世紀中頃までの約200年間にわたる島津氏の一族及び主な家臣などの略記をいろは順に全13巻にまとめたものである。
- Honpan Jinbutsushi is thirteen volumes of brief accounts of the Shimazu clan and its chief retainers for 200 years from the middle of 15th century to the middle of 17th century mainly during the Sengoku period arranged in the traditional Japanese alphabetical order.
- 百済王に「賜」与したとか、新羅王が「封」域を侵したという地の古地名を考証し、その最も北に線を引いたもの、それがかつての日本における「任那境域の縮小過程」図の「370年ころ」の「直轄領土」であった。
- The directly controlled territory 'around 370' in the picture of 'the shrinking process of the territory of Minama' in Japan was determined by studying a story of 'the present' to King Baekje and an old place name of the 'allotted' land which King Silla invaded and putting the border on the most northerly line.
- フランス文学研究者・桑原武夫は「第二芸術」にて(雑誌「世界」1946年)「俳句というものは同好者だけが特殊世界を作りその中で楽しむ芸事。大家と素人の区別もつかぬ第二芸術に過ぎない」と糾弾している。
- In 'Daini Geijutsu' (Second-Class Art) ('Sekai' Magazine, 1946), Takeo KUWABARA, a scholar of French Literature, denounced haiku as being 'a hobby enjoyed by the members of a special world they create themselves. It is merely a second-class art that is incapable of distinguishing the experts from the amateurs.'
- それから9年後の1898年(明治31年)に、原勝郎 (歴史家)は、『吾妻鏡の性質及其史料としての價値』を表し、歴史研究における「史料批判」の重要性を強調して、安易に盲信することへの警鐘を鳴らした。
- Nine years later in 1898, Katsuro HARA published 'The Nature of Azuma Kagami and Its Worth as a Historical Material,' emphasizing the importance of 'criticism of the historical materials' and warning people not to believe them easily and blindly.
- 源氏にのめりこんでいく御息所は、彼を独占したいと渇望しながらも、年上だという引け目や身分高い貴婦人であるという誇りから素直な態度を男に見せることができず、自分を傷つけまいと本心を押し殺してしまう。
- Miyasudokoro became obsessed with Genji and longed to monopolize him, but due to her sense of inferiority as an older woman and her pride that she was a high-standing noblewoman, she could not show a frank attitude to him and she subdued her real feelings with the intention not to hurt herself.
- 除目の銓擬(せんぎ)によって人事が決定された後に執筆(しゅひつ)を担当する大臣が空白部分に候補者の位階氏姓名及び年給などの注記を記入する入眼を行って大間書の最後に日付を書き加えて天皇の奏覧を受ける。
- After the personnel was decided through deliberations for Jimoku, a minister in charge of Shuhitsu (writing) conducted Jugan of filling blank spaces with notes such as Ikai, Shisei and pension of candidates, addionally described a date in the last line of Omagaki, and submitted Omagaki to the Emperor for inspection.
- しかし、橋本義彦が指摘しているように、保元の乱の数年前からは為義は忠実・頼長に接近し、義朝は鳥羽院・後白河天皇側に接近していることは確かで、この親子の間が密接なものでなかったことは事実のようである。
- However, as Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO pointed out, it is true that Tameyoshi approached Tadazane and Yorinaga, and Yoshitomo got close to Toba-in and Emperor Goshirakawa a few years before the Hogen Disturbance, so it is an indisputable fact that they did not have a close relationship.
- 記述は全体的に辛口であり、実資達小野宮流と対立する九条流、特に実資と同時代の当主道長の政治および人物を痛烈に批判している、55年間の長期の記述であるため摂関時代の社会の状態や有職故実がよく理解できる。
- The tone of his descriptions is dry and harsh overall, and critical of the Fujiwara family's Kujo lineage (rivals of Sanesuke's own Ononomiya lineage) but it is especially scathing in its criticisms of both the political decisions and personal life of Michinaga, the head of the Fujiwara family during Sanesuke's lifetime, and furthermore, because the diary covers a lengthy 55 year span, it is possible to achieve a true understanding of the circumstances and Court/military practices of society during the Fujiwara regency period.
- 承久の乱(1221年)により隠岐国に流された後も後鳥羽上皇は十八年の時間をかけて彫琢を加え、新古今和歌集から約400首ほど除いたものこそ正統な新古今和歌集であるという詔を出した(「隠岐本識語」参照)。
- Even after the Retired Emperor Gotoba was exiled to Oki Province because of the Jokyu no Ran War (1221), he spent eighteen years bringing the collection to a high level of refinement, and issued an Imperial edict, stating that the new collection, which eliminated about 400 poems, was the authentic New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry (See 'Okibon with annex').
- 生まれには多数の説があるが現在の秋田県湯沢市小野(旧雄勝郡雄勝町 (秋田県)小野)という説が主流となっており、晩年も同地で過ごしたとする地域の言い伝えが残っている(福井県越前市生まれという説もある)。
- There are many different conjectures about her birthplace, but the present Ono, Yuzawa City, Akita Prefecture (Ono, Old Ogachi-machi, Ogachi-gun, Akita Prefecture) is considered to be most likely, and a local tradition says that she also spent her later years in the same area (however, one tradition holds that says she was born in Echizen City, Fukui Prefecture).
- 原勝郎は、建暦前後より延応の前後まで(1210~1240年前後)、俗にいう尼将軍の時代から将軍藤原頼経の代、執権はほぼ北条泰時の時代について諸家の筆録をベースに一人が編纂したように見受けられるとした。
- Katsuro HARA argued that it seemed to be compiled by one person referring to written records by various families from Kenryaku to Eno eras (1210 - around 1240), or the reign of priestess shogun as they were called, to those of Shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune and regent Yasutoki HOJO.
- 漆間の翁は、勝四郎がいなくなったあとの戦乱で乱れたこの土地の様子、宮木が気丈にもひとりで待っていたが、約束の秋を過ぎて次の年の八月十日に死んだこと、漆間の翁が弔ったことを語り、勝四郎にも弔いをすすめた。
- Uruma no Okina tells him what it was like there amid the turmoil after Katsushiro left, that Miyagi had bravely waited alone for him but the autumn passed and she died on the tenth day of August in the following year, and that Uruma no Okina performed a memorial service for the dead; then he advises Katsushiro to hold a memorial service for her.
- この説の場合、脱稿からの8年間、『雨月物語』をめぐって何がおこなわれていたのかは分からないが、明和8年と安永元年には、それぞれ野村長兵衛と梅村判兵衛という別々の版元から『雨月物語』の近刊予告がでていた。
- This theory doesn't make it clear what the author was doing with 'Ugetsu Monogatari' during the eight years after completing the manuscript, but in 1771 and 1772 Chobei NOMURA and Hanbei UMEMURA respectively issued announcements of the forthcoming title of 'Ugetsu Monogatari.'
- しかしながら、当時から日本語学の研究者の手によって徹底的な反論と批判がなされており、学界からは疑似科学・民間語源の一種(単なる言葉の偶然の類似)として受け止められ、近年ではまともに相手にもされていない。
- This idea was thoroughly opposed and criticized by the Japanese language scholars of the time, and it is taken as a kind of pseudoscience or folk etymology, i.e. merely a coincidence of languages, and it is no longer taken seriously.
- 内管領長崎氏は、同じ得宗被官である五大院宗繁の妹常葉前を母として前年12月に産まれた高時の長子北条邦時を得宗家の後継者に推し、執権職を継承するまでの中継ぎとして北条氏庶流の北条貞顕を15代執権に推挙する。
- Nagasaki Takasuke, uchikanrei (head of Tokuso Family) recommended Kunitoki HOJO, Takatoki's eldest son born in December the previous year and whose mother was Troika no Mae, a sister of Muneshige GODAIIN, who was also a retainer of the Tokuso family as the next head of the Tokuso family, and he also recommended Sadaaki HOJO, head of the branch Hojo clan as a temporary 15th shikken (regent to the shogun) until Kunitoki became able to inherit the regency.
- 井上円了による東洋大学(前述の哲学館(1887年創立)の後身)は、男子専門だった私立学校で、日本で初めて女子の入学を許可(1916年)し、さらに女性教員を世に送り出すなどした、最初の共学の私立大学である。
- Toyo University (successor of the above-mentioned Tetsugakukan, built in 1887) established by Enryo INOUE, was a boys-only private school that became Japan's first coeducational private university; the school admitted girls (in 1916) for the first time in Japan and also produced women teachers.
- 1984年11月3日、NHKテレビで、三十六歌仙絵巻の分割とその後の流転をテーマにしたドキュメンタリー番組「絵巻切断」が放送され、関連書籍が発行されたことにより、この件はさらなる注目を集めることとなった。
- On November 3, 1984, NHK broadcast a documentary program entitled 'Emaki Setsudan' (Divided Handscroll) on how the hand scrolls of the thirty-six immortal poets were divided into pieces and their vicissitudes, and related books were published, resulting in further attention to this subject.
- また、実隆は将軍家からも重用され、日記の最初の年である文明6年(1474年)には8代将軍足利義政が参内するときに実隆を是非呼ぶように言いつけ、実隆は酒宴の席にて三条西家の領地の回復について沙汰を受けている。
- Sanetaka was taken into the Shogun family's confidence too, being summoned when the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA visited the Imperial court in 1474, which is the first year of the diary, and Sanetaka received directions at a drinking party as to regaining the Sanjonishi family's fiefs.
- 挙兵当時から右筆として居たのは藤原邦通だが、1184年頃から藤原俊兼、二階堂行政、大江広元、三善康信らの京史、つまり朝廷に仕えていた中・下級実務官僚が鎌倉に下り、後に政所となる公文所や問注所の担い手となる。
- FUJIWARA no Kunimichi was a senior officer of writing when the army was raised, but after around 1184, the middle and lower class officials serving the Imperial court such as FUJIWARA no Toshikane, Yukimasa NIKAIDO, OE no Hiromoto, and Yasunobu MIYOSHI went down to Kamakura to be in charge of Monchujo and Kumonjo, the Office of Administration which later became Mandokoro.
- 与謝野晶子の作品をモチーフに、2006年8月、京都八幡市で開催された「全国高校総合文化祭演劇部門」において、第二次大戦の時代の波に翻弄される漫才師姉弟を描いた「君死にたまふことなかれ」が上演されたことがある。
- Based on Akiko's works, in the 'Drama Division of the National High School Arts Festival' held in Yawata City, Kyoto in August 2006, a play entitled 'Kimi Shinitamou Koto Nakare' was performed that depicted a sister and her younger brother who were stand-up comedians at the mercy of the time during World War II.
- 同年、文部省と内務省 (日本)が文芸作品の顕彰と称し、諮問機関・文芸委員会を作ったことに対し、晶子は「小松原英太郎 平田東助といふ 大臣は 文学をしらず あはれなるかな」と皮肉に満ちて批判的な歌を作っている。
- In the same year, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Home Affairs established a consultative body called the Literature Committee in the name of honoring literary works, but on this event Akiko wrote a critical poem filled with irony 'Eitaro KOMATSUBARA and Tosuke HIRATA; these ministers know nothing about literature; poor things.'
- 後年は冊子形式を用いているが、これは実隆が政治の実際から離れ、出家した頃(永正13年(1516年))に符合し、実隆が日記を家記としてではなく、備忘録的なものと位置づけるようになったのではないかと推測されている。
- The later years' entries took a form of booklet, and these years corresponded to the years when Sanetaka left politics and became a priest (in 1516), which makes us imagine that Sanetaka came to consider a diary not a family record but a memorandum.
- 現存する本は元禄年間に秋田藩の藩史編纂のために真壁氏幹の末裔真壁充幹(甚太夫)が藩主佐竹氏に提出したもの(現在は千秋文庫所蔵)が唯一で、東京大学史料編纂所所蔵影写本及び現在の刊行本なども全てこれを元にしている。
- The original copy existing today was written by Mitsumoto MAKABE (Jindayu) who was a descendant of Ujimoto MAKABE during the Genroku era in order to compile the history of the Akita domain and submitted to the head of Satake clan, the lord of the domain (Senshu Library owns the copy at present); therefore, the manuscripts stored at the Historiographical Institute at the University of Tokyo and books published today all originate with the original copy.
- 平安時代以後、朝廷のおける儀式化が進み、朝廷における節会や除目などの四季折々に行われる年中行事の運営が朝廷における政務の主たる部分を占めるようになっていき、それに、陣定などの評定や訴訟が組み合わせられていった。
- After the Heian period, as ritualization's growing in the Imperial Court, the management of annual events that took place in every season such as Sechie (seasonal court banquets) and jimoku (appointment ceremonies) began to occupy the most of the government affairs, at the same time, consultation such as Jin no sadame (ancient cabinet council) and suit began to be integrated into it.
- ところで、1309年の北条貞時政権の中核、寄合衆のメンバーが金沢文庫の古文書によって知られるが、北条一門について、これに1302年(乾元 (日本)元年)当時の寄合衆のメンバーを加えて見ていくと以下のようになる。
- Incidentally, the core members of the Sadatoki HOJO administration of Yoriai-shu in 1309 can be seen in the old document in Kanazawa Library, and in addition, the members of Yoriai-shu in 1302 are as follows
- さらに翌年の春には明石の姫君が東宮の子を出産し、源氏の権勢はいよいよ高まりつつあるが、その陰で、六条院の蹴鞠の催しに女三の宮を垣間見た柏木 (源氏物語)(頭中将の子)は彼女への密かな思慕をつのらせるのであった。
- The following spring, young lady Akashi bears the Crown Prince a child, increasing Genji's influence, while Kashiwagi (a son of To no Chujo) catches a glimpse of Onna San no Miya when kemari (Japanese ancient Imperial court game like kick-ball) is played, and falls in love with her secretly.
- 政務における公事の一環としての年中行事が整備されてきたのと同じ平安時代中期には、租庸調・雑徭を基本とする律令制の租税体系が解体したため、公事を含めた朝廷の運営費用は諸国の国司である受領が負担を請負う図式となった。
- In the mid Heian period when annual events became organized as a part of kuji in the political affairs, the taxation system of the ritsuryo system fell apart, so the management cost of the Imperial Court including kuji became to be borne by zuryo (provincial governor) who were kokushi.
- しかし日本の報道機関はこういった事情には触れず、日本による通信事業の接収を支持する論調であり、たとえば読売新聞の明治38年3月23日の紙面で、韓国の通信機関が不備であることを理由に、日本に委託すべきと主張していた。
- On the other hand, Japanese media supported Japan's takeover of communication service without mentioning such background; for example, the Yomiuri Shinbun commented that the service should be commissioned to Japan for the reason that the flaw of Korean communication institution on March 23.
- この頃から、日本の漢文学の伝統が見直されるようになり、1980年代から刊行された岩波書店の『日本古典文学大系』のシリーズには、続編の明治篇も含めて、多くの漢文学に属する作品が収録されるようになり、研究も進んでいる。
- Since this time, the tradition of Chinese literature in Japan has been reevaluated and the research has continued to advance; a series of books titled 'Compendium of Japanese Classic Literature' has been published since the 1980's by Iwanami Shoten, which came to include many works belonging to the genre of Chinese literature, including a second volume on the Meiji period.
- 井原西鶴の『好色一代男』(1682年刊行)以降の一連の作品を、それまでの仮名草子とは一線を画するものとして、今日では浮世草子と呼ぶ(当時は「草双紙」と呼ばれ、「仮名草子」・「浮世草子」はのちになって区別されたもの)。
- A series of works starting with 'Koshoku ichidai otoko' (Life of an amorous man, published in 1682) by Saikaku IHARA are called Ukiyo Zoshi today, as works which made a clear departure from then existing Kana Zoshi (stories written in kana), which were then called 'Kusa Zoshi' (illustrated story books), the distinction between 'Kana Zoshi' and 'Ukiyo Zoshi' was not made until later.
- その八代国治の研究は明治から大正の初期にかけてのものだが、戦後1955年の佐藤進一・池内義資編の『中世法制史料集』の態度は、八代国治いうところの「上述の誤謬を糾し、粗漏を除き」という作業が如何に難しいかを物語っている。
- Kuniji YASHIRO's study was being conducted from Meiji to the early Taisho periods, and 'A Collection of Historical Materials on the Medieval Legal System' edited by Shinichi SATO and Yoshisuke IKEUCHI after WWII in 1955 describes 'how difficult it was to criticize the errors mentioned above and eliminate inadvertence,' according to Kuniji YASHIRO.
- 八代国治はこの2件とも、三善康信の評、または献策として書かれており、『吾妻鏡』が後年の編纂物である証拠であって、またそしてこのことからも、三善氏の子孫たる町野、大田氏が『吾妻鏡』編纂の中心に居たのではないかと推測する。
- Kuniji YASHIRO says that both of them were written as a comment or suggestion by Yasunobu MIYOSHI, which is evidence that 'Azuma Kagami' was compiled in later ages, and he conjectured that the leading compilers of 'Azuma Kagami' were the descendants of the Miyoshi clan, Machino and the Ota clan.
- 近年では、その制作にかかわって、複数の人、ないしは集団を想定する説が多くなっており、波多野義通を物語のいくつかの伝承者とする安部元雄の説、藤原忠実・頼長父子周辺の人物を想定する原水民樹・砂川博などの説が提出されている。
- People in recent years tend to assume that it was written by several authors or a group, and hypotheses have been advanced such as the one by Motoo ABE that Yoshimichi HATANO handed some of the tale down; or the one by Tamiki HARAMIZU and Hiroshi SUNAGAWA, which asserts that some people around FUJIWARA no Tadazane and Yorinaga (a father and a son) wrote it.
- 従ってちょうど『吾妻鏡』の編纂時期とみられる頃には赤橋家は寄合衆には加わっておらず、そのことが反映されているのだとしたら、これは例外ではなく逆に『吾妻鏡』の編纂は1302年前後、1304年までの間であることの傍証となる。
- Therefore around the possible period of Azuma Kagami's compilation, the Akahashi family didn't attend Yoriai-shu, and if that was reflected in 'Azuma Kagami,' it would not be an exception, but be evidence to prove that it was compiled around 1302, or by 1304.
- 和宮様御下向之説宿継人馬多入間左之村々中山道浦和宿江當分助郷申付候条問屋方より(よりは「かな」でなく合字)相觸次第人馬 遅参不致無滞差出し相勤可申候尤當時年季休役御用ニ限り是又相勤可申者也 右村々 文久元年(1861年)
- 和宮様御下向之説宿継人馬多入間左之村々中山道浦和宿江當分助郷申付候条問屋方より(よりは'かな'でなく合字)相觸次第人馬 遅参不致無滞差出し相勤可申候尤當時年季休役御用ニ限り是又相勤可申者也 右村々 文久元年(1861年)
- 水戸藩徳川光圀は、この書中に「(日本人が)呉の太伯の末裔である」という記述を発見して憤慨して独自に修史事業を起こし、編年体の本朝通鑑に対し、積極的な人物評価を行う紀伝体の『大日本史』編纂のきっかけになったといわれている。
- It is said that Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA of the Mito clan was very angry when he found a sentence that '(Japanese are) descendants of Count Tai of Wu,' thus motivated to start his own historiography project, resulting in a biographical history book 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan) that actively commented on people in the history, on the contrary to 'Honchotsugan' in chronological order.
- 晩年は政務や人事の方針を巡って道家と不仲になったが、道家の後に摂関となった近衛兼経と道家の娘を縁組し、さらに道家と不和であった道家次男の九条良実(公経が養育していた)をその後の摂関に据えるなど朝廷人事を思いのままに操った。
- In his final years, discord arose between him and Michiie regarding government policies and over plans for court appointments, and then Kanetsune KONOE, who became Sekkan (Regent) after Michiie, married Michiie's daughter, but thereafter Kintsune saw to it that Yoshizane KUJO (whom Kintsune had raised), who got along even worse with Michiie despite being Michiie's second son, was installed as Sekkan, insuring he could continue to manipulate court appointments as he saw fit.
- 内容は書名のとおり、各天皇ごとに諡号あるいは追号を掲げて、略歴や在位中の出来事の摘要を編年体で記し、さらに太上天皇・皇太子・後宮・斎宮・摂関・大臣・大納言・参議・蔵人頭・皇子女などの各項を設けて、該当者の人名を記している。
- As the title of the book suggests, the book mentions each Emperor's posthumous name or the name bestowed after death which is followed by a brief biography, and the incidents that took place during his reign were written briefly in chronological order, and moreover there are categories of abdicated Emperor, Crown Prince, consorts of Emperor, the high priestess of Ise, Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor), Otodo (Minister), Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Sangi (Councillor), Kuroudono kami, Prince and Princess, in which the name of the person in question is mentioned.
- 実際前述の2人の死により、早くも35歳にして臣下最高位となり、死去するまで35年間その地位を維持したが、当時としては長寿を全うした事で忠平とその子孫は時平に代わって嫡流となり、摂関職を明治時代開幕まで継承することとなった。
- In fact, through the deaths of these two he had reached the highest court rank at the age of just 35, retaining that rank for 35 years until he passed away; moreover, due to his longevity (considered impressive for the time) Tadahira and his descendants became the direct line of descent in place of Tokihira and succeeded to the posts of regent and chancellor until the beginning of the Meiji period.
- その文書は八代国治の説では第一段階目、1270年前後に編集されたはずの、1205年(元久2年)閏7月29日条にある「河野の四郎通信勲功他に異なるに依って、伊予国の御家人三十二人守護の沙汰を止め、通信が沙汰と為す」以下にある。
- According to Kuniji YASHIRO, the document was supposed to have been edited around 1270, when the first part of the compilation effort was done, although the date of the entry is July 29, 1205 and the document contained the following account 'Because KONO no Shiro Michinobu performed great exploits, he was to supervise 32 vassals of Iyo Province.'
- この記述を根拠として、朝廷内での文字の常用はおそらく西暦600年前後、厩戸皇子(聖徳太子)の頃であり、継体天皇即位の頃については文字としての記録は無く、口頭での言い伝えとして大和朝廷周辺に記憶があったのみであるとする説もある。
- Based on this description, there is a theory that characters probably began to be used commonly in the Imperial Court around 600 during the era of Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) and that there were no records of characters around the time of the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, which was only remembered as a tradition by the people of the Yamato Dynasty.
- 財団法人冷泉家時雨亭文庫(れいぜいけしぐれていぶんこ)は、藤原定家の子孫であり、歌道の家として知られる冷泉家(上冷泉家)に伝わる古写本、建築、年中行事などの文化遺産を保存し、冷泉流古今伝授を継承することを目的として設立された。
- The Foundation for the Reizei family's Shigure-tei library was founded by the descendants of FUJIWARA no Teika; it was created both to store and protect the cultural treasures, including old manuscripts, architectural items, and reports of annual events that had been passed down in the Reizei family, which was well known as a poetic family, and for the purpose of instructing succeeding generations in the Reizei school of kokin denju, or interpretation of the poetry in the Kokinshu.
- 光仁天皇が、修正を石川名足、淡海三船、当麻永嗣に命じたが、彼らは天平宝字元年紀を紛失した上、未遂に終わった(この年の前後には政争絡みの事件も多かったため、執筆者間で意見が纏めることが出来ずに紛失という事にしたとする説もある)。
- Emperor Konin ordered ISHIKAWA no Natari, OMI no Mifune, and TAIMA no Nagatsugu to revise the work, but they lost A Record of the First Year of the Tenpyo Hoji Era and could not finish the revision (there is an opinion that due to the many political conflicts which occurred before and after the year 757, they could not reach an agreement about writing the history, so they pretended that it had been lost).
- 1960年に石母田正はこの問題に鋭く切り込み、「諸国平均に守護地頭を補任し」は鎌倉時代の後期には他の史料にも見えることから、これは幕府独自の記録によったものではなく、鎌倉時代の後期の一般的な通説に基づく作文ではないかと指摘した。
- Tadashi/Sho ISHIMODA got to the heart of a problem in 1960, pointing out that the words 'set the Shugo and Jito at each province' can be seen in the other historical materials in the late Kamakura period, therefore it was not based on the governments original record but on the common view widely accepted at the time.
- 輸租帳(ゆそちょう)とは、律令政府が国司の政務実績を調査するために毎年1年間に実際に収納した田租・地子に関する正確な数値を書き上げさせた上で、国司が都に派遣する四度使のうち調帳を提出する貢調使に携帯をさせて民部省に提出させた帳簿。
- Yusocho refers to an account book recording accurate figures of Denso (rice field tax) and Jishi (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system) actually collected in one year in order for the Ritsuryo government (ancient Japanese government of centralized governance) to survey the actual performance of government affairs by Kokushi (provincial governor), which was always carried by Kochoshi, one of Shidoshi dispatched to the capital by Kokushi, in charge of submitting Chocho (list of choyo (tribute and labor) and was submitted by Minbusho (the Ministry of Popular Affairs) by order of the government.
- 天皇系譜が『帝紀』的部分の中心をなし、初代天皇から第33代天皇までの名、天皇の后妃・皇子・皇女の名、およびその子孫の氏族など、このほか皇居の名・治世年数・崩年干支・寿命・陵墓所在地、およびその治世の大事な出来事などについて記している。
- The Imperial lineage is central to the 'Teiki' (records of the Emperor's family tree) part, and it describes the names of emperors from the first to the thirty third generation, the names of the empress, prince, and princess, and the clan of descendants of the emperor as well as the name of imperial residence, reign duration, the Oriental zodiac of the year of death, life duration, locations of imperial mausoleums, and major incidents during the reign of emperor.
- 神武天皇の即位を紀元前660年に当たる辛酉(かのととり、しんゆう)の年を起点として紀年を立てている理由は、中国から伝えられた讖緯説を採用したためという学説が、明治に那珂通世(なかみちよ)によりうちたてられ、学界で広く受け入れられている。
- In the Meiji period, Michiyo NAKA established a theory that the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu was defined in the kanototori year which corresponded to 660 B.C. because shinisetsu was introduced from China and adopted in Japan, which has been accepted in academic world.
- 前半の源氏三代将軍記の編纂年代は和田英松同様に時宗・政村の時代、1242年(仁治3年)7月以降、1270年前後とするが、後半は第42巻の宗尊将軍記の袖書きに後深草天皇が1290年(正応3年)2月に出家していると記していることからそれ以降。
- Just like Hidematsu WADA, he conjectured that the first half of the record of Minamoto clan shogunate indicates that the book was compiled in the reign of Tokimune and Masamura, after July of 1242, and around 1270, while the latter half was compiled after February of 1290, because the side notes in the 42nd volume of the record of shogun Prince Munetaka says Emperor Gofukakusa became a priest then.
- ただし五味文彦は、それ以前の1235年頃に、「頼朝将軍記」とかの『原吾妻鏡』と呼べるような歴史書が原型として出来上がり、同じころに京都では『原平家物語』が著され、また東国では『原曽我物語』がつくられたということもあり得るのではないかとする。
- However Fumihiko GOMI considers that history books which deserve to be called 'The original Azuma Kagami,' like 'A Record of Shogun Yoritomo,' were completed in their original form around 1235, and around the same time, 'The Original Tale of the Heike,' and in the eastern provinces, 'The Original Tale of Soga' could also be said to have been written.
- 近年では、『保元物語』現存伝本中、もっとも古態をとどめていると思われる半井本などに、貞応2年(1223年)、ないしは3年の成立である『六代勝事記』の文章が引かれているとする弓削繁の論などによって、承久の変以降の成立とみる見方もあらわれている。
- In recent years the assertion that it was completed after the Jokyu Disturbance has been advocated by Shigeru YUGE and others, claiming that Nakaraibon, which seems to preserve the original form most among the existent manuscripts of 'Hogen Monogatari,' quoted a text from 'Rokudai Shojiki (a story of the victory of six generations),' which was written in 1223 or 1224.
- 物語は、母系制が色濃い平安朝中期を舞台にして、天皇の皇子として生まれながら臣籍降下して源氏姓となった光源氏が数多の恋愛遍歴をくりひろげながら人臣最高の栄誉を極め(第1部)、晩年にさしかかって愛情生活の破綻による無常を覚えるさままでを描く(第2部)。
- The story takes place in the mid-Heian period, when matriarchy was dominant, and describes Hikaru Genji, who, demoted in rank and given the family name of Genji despite his birth as a son of the Emperor, has many love affairs and achieves great glory (Part 1), and ultimately experiences the impermanence of worldly things caused by the collapse of his love life (Part 2).
- 平治元年(1159)、後白河上皇方最大の武力勢力であった平清盛が熊野参詣に出かけた隙を狙って、かねてから信西(信西)と後白河の寵愛をめぐって権力争いを起こしていた藤原信頼が、保元の乱での賞与などで平家の圧迫に不満を覚えていた源義朝を語らって挙兵する。
- In 1159, when TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the strongest army of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, visited the Kumano-jinja Shrine, FUJIWARA no Nobuyori (who had been involved in the struggle to win Goshirakawa's favor against Shinzei) raised an army, getting together with MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo (who had been dissatisfied with the oppression by the Taira family, particularly the inadequate reward in the Hogen War).
- …ここに、旧辞の誤りたがへるを惜しみ、先紀の謬り錯(まじ)れるを正さむとして、和銅四年九月十八日をもちて、臣安麻呂に詔りして、阿禮阿禮の誦む所の勅語の旧辞を撰録して献上せしむるといへれば、謹みて詔旨(おほみこと)の随(まにま)に、子細に採りひろひぬ。
- A well-known emperor was sorry about Kyuji (a record of stories current at court) being incorrect, and attempted to correct pre-existing documents. On September 18, 711, the emperor ordered his subject, Yasumaro to present the Kyuji that was selected and recorded immediately after the emperor settled in Omiya, Kiyohara in Asuka, to the extent that HIEDA no Are could recite, and Yasumaro happily followed the emperor's words, thoroughly picking up Kyuji.
- これらの公事はかつての庸や調などの人身に対する賦課の延長上にあり、荘園や国衙領に居住する者が「名主百姓の役」である公事を負担することが平民百姓=自由民としての義務と考えられていた(これに対して年貢・所当は田地への賦課である租の延長上に捉えられている)。
- These kuji were on the extended line of the imposition on human body such as cho or yo in the earlier days, so it was considered that bearing kuji of 'myoshu hyakusho no eki' was for people living in the manor or kokugaryo an obligation as commoner peasants = free people (on the other hand, nengu and shoto were positioned on the extended line of so that was an imposition to rice field).
- 近年では五味文彦も、1184年(寿永3年)4月に三善康信が鎌倉に参着したときの記述、1184年(寿永3年)4月14日条の「本よりその志関東に在り」、翌4月15日条の「武家の政務を補佐すべきの由」などに顕彰の意図を感じており、「相当に疑わしい」と指摘する。
- In recent years, Fumihiko GOMI pointed out that as to Yasunobu MIYOSHI's arrival at Kamakura in April 1184, there seems to be intentional praise for him in the entries dated April 14 and 15, 1184, saying that 'he was determined to head for Kanto region from the beginning' and 'he should support the political affairs' respectively, and how he was 'quite dubious' about the entries.
- 「夢応の鯉魚」の典拠は、天明3年に刊行された『近古奇談 諸越の吉野』にすでに、『醒世恒言』「薛録事魚服シテ仙ヲ証スルコト」であることが分かっていたほか、後藤丹治によって、さらにその原典の明の時代の白話小説『古今説海』「魚服記」も参照されたことが指摘されている。
- 'Recent Anecdote, Yoshino of Shoetsu' already made clear in 1783 that 'The Carp of My Dreams' was based on 'Xue lu-shi yu fu zheng xian (Junior Magistrate Xue's Piscine Metamorphosis)' in 'Xingshi hengyan (Constant Words of Awakening the World),' and Tanji GOTO pointed out that the work also referred to the hakuwa shosetsu 'Yu fu ji (Account of a Piscine Metamorphosis)' in 'Gujin shuohai (Sea of Tales Old and New)' during the Ming period.
- 第4期は、759年(天平宝字3)までで、代表歌人は旅人の子で大伴家持・笠郎女(かさのいらつめ)・大伴坂上郎女(おおとものさかのうえのいらつめ)・橘諸兄(たちばなのもろえ)・中臣宅守(なかとみのやかもり)・狭野弟上娘子(さののおとがみのおとめ)・湯原王などである。
- The fourth period is to 759 and OTOMO no Yakamochi, a son of Tabito, KASA no Iratsume, OTOMO no SAKANOUE no Iratsume, TACHIBANA no Moroe, NAKATOMI no Yakamori, SANO no Otogami no Otome, and Yuhara no Okimi are representative of this time.
- 八代の編年などの推定などいくつかの点は、確かに五味文彦らによって修整はされるが、八代国治が『吾妻鏡』の編纂者達を政所と問注所の吏員である大江広元の子孫(毛利、長井)、二階堂行政の子孫、三善康信の子孫達(大田、町野)ではないかとした点を、五味文彦は更に詳細に証明していった。
- Although some points like Yashiro's conjectures about chronology will certainly be revised by Fumihiko GOMI, he examined and illustrated in greater detail the compilers of 'Azuma Kagami,' who were, according to Kuniji YASHIRO, descendants (Mori and Nagai) of Hiromoto OE, an official of Mandokoro and Monchujo, a descendant of Yukimasa NIKAIDO, descendants (Ota and Machino) of Yasunobu MIYOSHI.
- 吾妻鏡は金沢文庫にあった原本が、小田原の後北条氏の手に渡り、それが徳川家康の手に渡ったと思われやすいが、現在の研究では、吾妻鏡は早くに散逸し、室町時代には既に揃いの完本の形では伝えられておらず、断片的な抄出本や、数年分の零本の形で伝わるものがほとんどであったのかもしれない。
- It is often considered that the original manuscript of Azuma Kagami in the Kanazawa Library was passed to the Gohojo clan in Odawara, and then to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, but it is now thought that Azuma Kagami was quickly scattered and lost and was an incomplete work in the Muromachi period, so most of them were probably passed down in the form of abridged or incomplete books consisting of volumes of several years worth of volumes.
- 室町幕府が成立すると、守護領国制が確立されていく過程で公家や寺社などの荘園領主は守護の軍事力に依拠しなければ年貢・公事の徴収が困難となり、反対に守護はその立場を利用して国内の荘園・公領に段銭などの形で独自の公事を賦課することで領国支配の強化と財政基盤の構築を図るようになった。
- After Muromachi bakufu was founded, in the process of establishing Shugo-ryogoku system, it became difficult for lords of the manor such as kuge, temples and shrines to collect nengu and kuji unless they relied on the military power of shugo, on the other hand, shugo made a use of their position to impose their original kuji to shoen and koryo in form of tansen (a kind of provisional tax in medieval Japan), so that they could have enhanced the control over daimyo's territory and built financial base.
- …(於是天皇詔之 朕聞諸家之所 帝紀及本辭 既違正實 多加虚僞 當今之時 不改其失 未經幾年 其旨欲滅 斯乃邦家經緯 王化之鴻基焉 故惟撰録帝紀 討覈舊辭 削僞定實 欲流後葉 時有舍人 姓稗田名阿禮 年是廿八 爲人聰明 度目誦口 拂耳勒心 即勅語阿禮 令誦習帝皇日繼 及先代舊辭)
- The emperor says `As far as I understand, 'Teiki and 'Honji' (accounts of origin) that have been handed down to families are falsified and are not like the original one. The original intentions will be lost within a few years unless corrected now. These are the precious teachings of the imperial court, to establish a sold foundation to guide the people. Therefore, I will advisedly select Teiki, and find kyuji to eliminate the false parts and find the truth to succeed future generations. He was such a bright man and was able to immediately express something he saw in words and never forgot the word he heard. The emperor immediately ordered Are to read and learn Kyuji that describes the lineage and incidents of past emperors that the emperor determined and selected himself.
- これは天平勝宝7歳(755年)に徴集された防人の詠んだ歌を、防人を率いてきた各国の部領使(ことりづかい)に命じて記録、上進させたもので、拙劣歌として半数近く(82首)が棄てられてはいるものの、採用された歌については作者の名前から出身国(国によっては郡名まで)まで逐一記されている。
- Regarding these poems, captains of the Sakimori who were conscripted in 755 from each province were commanded to record and submit the poems composed by the Sakimori guards; among the originally collected poems, 82, or almost half of them, were not included as they were felt to be not skillful enough, and the selected poems were registered with the composers' names, and the provinces they came from (the counties they came from in some cases were also included).
- なお、日本書紀欽明天皇2年3月条には、分注において皇妃・皇子に付いて本文と異なる異伝を記した後、『帝王本紀』について「古字が多くてわかりにくいためにさまざまな異伝が存在するのでどれが正しいのか判別しがたい場合には一つを選んで記し、それ以外の異伝についても記せ」と命じられた事を記している。
- In addition, in the notes of the section of April 541 in Nihonshoki, there is a description on the order 'to choose one tradition and write other heresies when there were too many heresies to judge which ones were true and it is difficult to choose one because of too many old characters' about 'Teio Honki' (The Chronicle of Emperors) after the notes on heresies about empresses and princes.
- 新渡戸稲造『武士道』(『BUSHIDOTHE SOUL of JAPAN - Another of the History of the Intercourse between the U.S. and Japan』 The Leeds and Biddle Company 1900年)
- 'BUSHIDO THE SOUL of JAPAN - Another of the History of the Intercourse between the U.S. and Japan' by Inazo NITOBE, The Leeds and Biddle Company, 1900
- 遠江国の輸租帳からは当時の減免措置(4分以下の損害ならそれに比例した減免を行う「半輸」、5分以上なら「田租免」、7分以上なら「租調免」、8分以上なら「租庸調免」)が忠実に行われていたことを伺わせ、かつその書式が150年以上後に書かれた延喜式所定の書式とほぼ合致することを知ることが可能である。
- From the Yusocho of Totomi Province, it is found that measures of reduction or exemption at that time ('Hanyu' conducting a reduction or exemption in proportion to damage if the damage was not more than four bu, 'Denso-men' (exemption from Denso) for damage not less than five bu, 'Socho-men' (exemption from Socho (taxes paid by rice and textiles) for damage not less than seven bu, and 'Soyocho-men' (exemption from Soyocho (taxes paid by rice, labor and textiles) for damage not less than eight bu) were taken faithfully, and it is possible to know that its form mostly accorded with the form prescribed by Engishiki (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) which was written more than 150 years later.
- そのため、寛文9年2月18日に江戸幕府は京都・大坂の経済的影響力の観点から、現行の京枡をもって統一した公定枡とすること、全国66国を東西に分割して東側を江戸枡座が西側を京枡座が管掌し、それぞれに京枡の独占的製造・販売権・検定権を与え、偽の枡の製造販売を厳罰に処することとした(「京枡統一令」)。
- In light of the economic influences in Kyoto and Osaka, the Edo shogunate, in the name of the regulations for unifying kyo-masu unit, determined to designate the existing kyo-masu as official and to divide 66 provinces around the country into the East and West: the East and the West would be in charge of the Edo Masu-za and the Kyo Masu-za, respectively, each having the rights to the exclusive manufacture, sale and screening of kyo-masu, and the law allowed severe punishment for the manufacture and sale of fake masu.
- しかし、紫式部が中宮彰子に伺候したのは清少納言が宮仕えを退いてからはるか後のことで、二人は一面識さえないはずである(もっとも、角田文衞博士は論文「晩年の清少納言」で異説を提唱し、『権記』に見える一宮敦康親王の「少納言命婦」を手掛かりに、清少納言が定子死後もその所生の皇子女に引き続き仕えた可能性を指摘した)。
- However, it was long after Sei Shonagon left the Imperial Court that Murasaki Shikibu began to serve Empress Shoshi, so they couldn't have known each other (but Dr. Bunei TSUNODA advocated a different opinion in his thesis 'Sei Shonagon: Her Later Years,' and he pointed to the possibility that she might have continued her service at the Imperial Court after Teishi passed away, with reference to the word 'Shonagon Myobu' of Ichinomiya Atsuyasu Imperial Prince in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's Diary).
- 但し藤原定家の作り上げた「青表紙本」系統の本文が本当に元の本文に手を加えていないかどうかについては、近年になって藤原定家の『土佐日記』等の他の古典の写本作成に対する態度を詳細に調査することによってある場合には積極的に本文に手を加えることもあるということが明らかになってきたために、再検討の必要が唱えられている。
- However, questions have been raised concerning whether FUJIWARA no Sadaie's 'Aobyoshibon' line had in fact been altered because a close examination in recent years of his attitude toward making manuscripts for other classics like 'The Tosa Diary' revealed that he sometimes revised the text of his own accord.
- 戦時下の1942年から翌年にかけて 『中央公論』誌上で三回にわたり掲載され、大東亜戦争を「世界史の哲学」の立場から思想的に位置付けようと試みた「世界史的立場と日本」座談会(「世界史的立場と日本」1942年一月号、「東亜共栄圏の倫理性と歴史性」1942年四月号、「総力戦の哲学」1943年一月号)の出席者である。
- During the war, they were participants in the symposiums on 'The World Historic Position and Japan' ('The World Historic Position and Japan' in the January 1942 issue, 'The Ethics and Historical Position of the East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere' in the April 1942 issue and 'The Philosophy of Total War' in the January 1943 issue), which appeared three times in 'Chuo koron' magazine from 1942 to the following year and in these they had tried to determine what the ideological standing of the Greater East Asia War was from the point of view of the 'philosophy of world history.'
- 江戸時代の代表的な『源氏物語』の刊本を見ても、「絵入源氏物語」は『源氏物語』本文54冊に、「源氏目案」3冊、「引歌」1冊、「系図」1冊、「山路露」1冊を加えて、「源氏物語湖月抄」は「若菜」上下と「雲隠」を共に数に入れた源氏物語本文55冊に「系図」、「年立」等からなる「首巻」5冊を加えて、いずれも全60冊になる形で出版されている。
- The Tale of Genji with illustrations,' a representative printed book of 'The Tale of Genji' in the Edo period, consists of 54 volumes of 'The Tale of Genji,' three volumes of 'Genji Meyasu,' one volume of 'Poem Quotation,' one volume of 'Genealogy' and one volume of 'Yamaji no Tsuyu,' making 60 volumes, while 'Kogetsu-sho Commentary of The Tale of Genji' has 55 volumes of 'The Tale of Genji,' including two books of 'Wakana' and a book of 'Kumogakure' and five books of 'Kubimaki,' consisting of 'Genealogy,' 'Chronology' and others, which together make a total of 60 volumes.
- 新井秀夫は、論文「「月夜見の持てるをち水」小考」(「日本文芸研究」1991年4月)において、民俗学の見地から、元旦に一年の邪気を払う「若水」を汲む行事が日本各地で多数採取されていること、そして『延喜式』『年中行事秘抄』や佚書『月舊記』などの文献に平安時代の年中行事として、立春の日に行われる「供若水」が見られることを指摘している。
- Hideo ARAI, in his paper, 'A Little Thought on 'Ochimizu that Tsukuyomi Has'' (in 'Nihon Bungei Kenkyu' (Japanese Literary Studies), April, 1991) pointed out from the standpoint of folklore that several rituals that obtain 'wakamizu,' which expels evil atmosphere for the year, are performed on New Year's Day in various localities in Japan, and that 'Wakamizu wo sonau' (offering of wakamizu) performed on the first day of spring as an annual event during the Heian period is observed in records such as 'The Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) 'Nenchu gyoji hisho' (record of annual events) and issho (lost book) '月舊記.'
- 主な伝本としては、梅沢本(三条西家旧蔵、古本系第一類、国宝)、陽明文庫本(古本系第二類)、西本願寺本(流布本系第一類、重要文化財)、古活字本(元和 (日本)・寛永年間の版本)・明暦刊本(以上、流布本系第二類)、絵入九巻抄出本(流布本系第三類)、富岡家旧蔵本(甲・乙二種類あり、異本系、甲本は重要文化財、甲乙とも巻三十まで)などがある。
- The major surviving texts are as follows: the Umezawa manuscript (formerly the Sanjonishi manuscript, old text, first subgroup, a National Treasure), the Yomei Archives manuscript (old text, second subgroup), the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple manuscript (vulgate text, first subgroup, an Important Cultural Property), old movable type manuscripts (printed in the Genna (Japan) and Kan'ei eras (1615-44)), woodblock-printed manuscripts of the Meireki era (1655-58) (vulgate text, second subgroup), a nine-volume illustrated abridgement (vulgate text, third subgroup), and the Tomioka manuscript (two texts-A and B, variant texts, with A, an Important Cultural Property, and both A and B up to chapter 30), etc.
- 以降、死の前年である天文 (元号)5年(1536年)2月まで、60年以上にわたって日記が残っているが、数か月ないし数年にわたって空白の時期が見られる(たとえば、最初期の文明6年(1474年)には3月から7月までの記述がなく、出家の前後となる永正10年(1513年)~13年はごく一部の時期のみ記述があり、永正14年(1517年)~16年は全く記述が残っていない)。
- The diary which covers a span of more than sixty years up to the year before his death in March 1536 remains, although there are some blank periods of time of several months or several years (For example, there is no record from April to August (old calender) the early period, and between 1517 and 1519, and as to the years between 1513 and 1516, around which he became a priest, only limited descriptions are existent).
- この文中で秋成は、『源氏物語』を書いた紫式部と『水滸伝』を書いた羅貫中を例にあげ、ふたりが現実と見紛うばかりの傑作を書いたばかりにひどい目にあったという伝説をあげている(紫式部が一旦地獄に堕ちた、というのは、治承年間、平康頼によって書かれた『宝物集』や延応以降の、藤原信実によって書かれたとされる『今物語』に、羅貫中の子孫三代が唖になった、というのは、明、田汝成編の『西湖遊覧志余』や『続文献通考』によっている)。
- In this writing, Akinari took 'The Tale of Genji' by Murasaki Shikibu and 'Water Margin' by Lo Kuan-chung as examples of authors who wrote masterpieces that were true to life and then fell into a dreadful realm (a tradition saying that Murasaki Shikibu went to Hell was recorded in both 'Hobutsushu' written by TAIRA no Yasuyori during the Jisho era and 'The Tales of Ima,' considered to have been written by FUJIWARA no Nobuzane after the Eno period, while the traditional story that Lo Kuan-chung's offspring over three generations became dumb was according to 'Seiko Yuran Shiyo' (edited by Josei DEN in Ming) and 'Hsu wen-hsien t'ung-k'ao').