平等: 571 Terms and Phrases
- 平等
- equality
- impartiality
- evenness
- Taira
- Daira
- Hirato
- Hiratou
- Hirara
- Byoudou
- 悪平等
- misguided equality
- misconceived equality
- leaning over backwards to be impartial
- 平等院
- Byodo-in (temple in Kyoto)
- Byodo-in Temple
- Byodo-in type (one variety of hexagonal-shaped ishi-doro deriving from the one donated to Byodo-in Temple by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi during the Heian period)
- Byodoin Temple
- Byodoin-Temple
- Byōdō-in
- 不平等
- inequality
- unequal (treaties)
- unfair
- Economic inequality
- 平等観
- viewing all things as undifferentiated and equal
- non-discriminative thought
- contemplation of the equality of all things from the standpoint of emptiness
- 平等主義
- principle of equality
- Egalitarianism
- 男女平等
- equal rights for both sexes
- equality of the sexes
- 平等電界
- uniform electric field
- 平等覚経
- Byodo gakkyo (The Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment)
- 両性の平等
- equality of the sexes
- 不平等条約
- unequal treaty
- Unequal treaties
- 平等院庭園
- Byoudouinteien
- Byodo-in Temple Garden
- 不平等電界
- non-uniform electric field
- 無差別平等
- Nondiscrimination and Equality
- 三輪山平等寺
- Byodo-ji Temple, Mt. Miwa
- 人種平等会議
- Congress of Racial Equality
- 平等山福祉寺
- Byoudouzanfukushiji
- 水平等布荷重
- horizontal uniform load
- 不平等電磁界
- non-uniform electromagnetic field
- 平等院鳳凰堂
- Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple
- Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple
- Hoodo hall (Phoenix hall) of Byodoin Temple
- 平等院鳳翔館
- Byodoin Temple Museum Hoshokan
- 民権と平等党
- Rights and Equality Party
- 法の下の平等
- Equality before the law
- 現在の平等院
- Modern Byodo-in Temple
- 平等院の創建
- The Founding of Byodo-in Temple
- - 平等院山内
- In the site of Byodoin Temple
- 株主平等の原則
- principle of shareholder equality
- 平等取扱の原則
- Principle of Equal Treatment
- 水平等分布荷重
- horizontal uniform load
- 平等強さのはり
- fully stressed beam
- beam of uniform strength
- 正義と平等運動
- Justice and Equality Movement
- 分離平等政策の
- separate but equal
- 号は平等信院。
- He called himself Byodosinin (平等信院).
- 女性平等行動連盟
- Women's Equity Action League
- 所得不平等度係数
- Gini coefficient
- Gini's coefficient
- 不平等取扱の禁止
- Prohibition of Discriminatory Treatment
- 人間不平等起源論
- Discourse on Inequality
- 自由、平等、友愛
- Liberté, égalité, fraternité
- 採用試験の公開平等
- Employment Examinations to be Open and Equal
- 一人は平等ではない
- one having no equal
- 社会的・政治的平等
- social and political equality
- 平等の権利を与える
- give equal rights to
- 平等寺 (桜井市)
- Byodo-ji Temple (Sakurai City)
- 男女平等憲法修正条項
- Equal Rights Amendment
- 全国市民平等団体連盟
- National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship
- 仏説無量清浄平等覚経
- Chinese Commentaries on 'Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment'
- 三千院、平等院など。
- Sanzen-in Temple, Byodo-in Temple and so on.
- 拡張または期間の平等
- equality of extension or duration
- 国家間の平等往来原則
- Principle of equal traffic between nations
- 平等院観音堂〔宇治市〕
- Kannondo (temple dedicated to Kannon) of Byodoin Temple [Uji City]
- 男女平等に反対する男性
- male chauvinist pig
- 人間は全て平等である。
- All men are equal.
- 人間はみな平等である。
- All men are created equal.
- 人は平等にできている。
- All men are created equal.
- 人は誰でも平等である。
- All are equal.
- 平等に近づくか、達する
- approach or reach equality with
- 平等院 特製はがき進呈
- Byodoin Temple: Special postcard gift
- 平等院(浄土宗と兼ねる)
- Byodo-in Temple (double with Jodo-shu)
- 人は平等に造られている。
- All men are created equal.
- スリランカ社会主義平等党
- Lanka Sama Samaja Party
- 利益は不平等に分配された
- profits were distributed unevenly
- 裕福と貧困の広がる不平等
- the growing inequality between rich and poor
- 社会的平等を支持するさま
- favoring social equality
- 平等または均一にする行為
- the act of making equal or uniform
- 戒名は平等院釈棟慶居士。
- His posthumous Buddhist name is Byodoin Shaku Tokei Koji (平等院釈棟慶居士).
- 平等院鳳翔館の項を参照。
- Please refer to the article regarding the Byodo-in Temple Ho-sho-kan.
- 平等寺 (京都市下京区)
- Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto City)
- Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City)
- - 国宝、詳細は平等院参照
- National treasure; for more information, refer to section for Byodoin Temple.
- 平等院鳳凰堂雲中供養菩薩像
- Statue of Unchu Kuyo Bosatsu in the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple
- 平等院大僧正とも呼ばれる。
- Also called Byodoin Daisojo (the highest position of priest, upper grade of Byodo-in Temple).
- 京都府宇治市 平等院鳳凰堂
- Hoo-do of Byodo-in Temple: Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 人は皆平等に創られている。
- All men are created equal.
- 平等は憲法で守られている。
- Equality is guaranteed by the Constitution.
- 平等権における不屈の支持者
- an indefatigable advocate of equal rights
- 女性の平等を目的とする運動
- the movement aimed at equal rights for women
- ある点での不平等または違い
- inequality or difference in some respect
- 不平等でまたは偏った態度で
- in an unequal or partial manner
- 平等院鳳凰堂壁画(平等院)
- Wall painting of Byodoin Hoo-do (Byodoin Temple)
- 平等院鳳凰堂(京都府宇治市)
- Hoodo Hall of Byodoin Temple: Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture
- 死は偉大な平等主義者である。
- Death is the great leveler.
- 平等は憲法で保障されている。
- Equality is guaranteed by the Constitution.
- 墓所は京都府宇治市の平等院。
- His tomb is located at Byodoin Temple, Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- これが平等院の始まりである。
- This was the origin of Byodo-in Temple.
- 阿弥陀如来坐像(平等院鳳凰堂)
- The seated statue of Amida Nyorai: enshrined in Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple
- 平等院にはその影響が見られる。
- The Byodo-in Temple preserves its influence.
- 各会員の議決権は、平等とする。
- The voting right of each member shall be equal.
- The voting right of each member shall be of equal value.
- 各社員の表決権は、平等とする。
- The vote of each member shall be of equal value.
- すべての人は法の前に平等です。
- Everybody is equal before the law.
- 彼女は子供たちを平等に愛した。
- She loved her children alike.
- 近代清朝における主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern Qing Dynasty
- 近代日本における主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern Japan
- 近代阮朝における主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern Nguyen Dynasty
- 神の目には人はすべて平等である。
- In the sight of God all men are equal.
- 法のもとではすべての人は平等だ。
- All men are equal under the law.
- 法律による平等な保護を受ける権利
- the right to equal protection of the laws
- 誰もが平等の可能性を持っています。
- Everyone has equal chances.
- 平等王(びょうどうおう)→観音菩薩
- Byodo-o: Kannon Bosatsu (Guanyin, the bodhisattva associated with compassion)
- その中心的な言葉は「平等」である。
- The key word is equality.
- すべての人は神の前では平等である。
- All men are equal before God.
- ランプの光を平等に分配する光学装置
- optical device that distributes the light of a lamp evenly
- 平等の権利または地位を達成する試み
- the attempt to achieve equal rights or status
- 近代東アジアにおける主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern East Asia
- 近代李氏朝鮮における主要な不平等条約
- Principal unequal treaties in modern Yi Dynasty Korea
- 各組合員が平等の議決権を有すること。
- Each partner possesses equal voting rights; and
- この地上で唯一無二の平等は死である。
- The sole equality on earth is death.
- 彼らは人種の平等を目指して運動した。
- They campaigned for racial equality.
- 彼はすべて平等であることに賛成した。
- He was in favor of equality for all.
- そのように不平等に扱われて怒っている
- angry at being dealt with so unequally
- 金持ちと貧乏人を平等に扱ってください
- deal equally with rich and poor
- 批准されていない男女平等憲法修正条項
- the unratified Equal Right Amendment
- 全ての人間が平等であると信じている人
- a person who believes in the equality of all people
- 今の平等院ミュージアム付近にあった。
- It stood in the area where Byodo-in Museum now stands.
- 百か日(百日目) 観世音菩薩(平等王)
- A memorial service on the One Hundred Day Kanzeon Bosatsu (Byodo-o (the eighth judge of Ju-o))
- すべての人は生まれながらに平等である。
- All men are created equal.
- 堂舎は取り払われ、平等寺は廃止となる。
- The Buddhist buildings were cleared away and Byodo-ji Temple was closed.
- 平等は社会の極端な平滑化を象徴している
- egality represents an extreme leveling of society
- 平等院 - 鳳凰堂(翼楼、尾楼含め4棟)
- Byodo-in Temple: Hoo-do (the phoenix hall) (four buildings including the side towers and the back tower)
- 平等院鳳凰堂扉絵(ACE1053年前後)
- Tobira-e of the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple (around 1053)
- 財産は相続人たちの間で平等に分けられた。
- The property was divided equally among the heirs.
- 女性は男性との機会の平等を要求している。
- Women want equality of opportunity with men.
- 人は生まれながらに平等といえるだろうか。
- Is it valid to say that all men are created equal?
- 法律は、すべての人は平等だと言っている。
- The law says that all men are equal.
- 彼は全ての人が平等であることに賛成した。
- He was in favor of equality for all.
- あらゆる国々に平等な貿易機会を認める政策
- the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
- これが因幡薬師平等寺の起源であるという。
- This is said to be the origin of Inaba Yakushi Byodo-ji Temple.
- 三輪別所(のち平等寺 (桜井市))を創建。
- He founded Miwa-bessho (remote religious facilities from main temple facilities) (later Byodo-ji Temple in Sakurai City).
- すべての人間は平等であると信じられている。
- It is believed that all men are equal.
- 民主国家では全ての国民は平等の権利を持つ。
- In a democracy all citizens have equal rights.
- 近くに平等院ができるとその鎮守社とされた。
- When construction of the nearby Byodo-in Temple was completed, these shrines came to serve as its guardian shrines.
- 1052年 藤原頼通、宇治に平等院を建立する
- 1052: FUJIWARA no Yorimichi built the Byodo-in Temple in Uji.
- これらが、連歌会のおりの平等を実現していた。
- These expressed the equality stressed by the renga parties.
- 機会は平等に与えられているというのは建て前で
- glass ceiling
- 君たちはケーキを平等に分けなければならない。
- You have to share the cake equally.
- 男女の社会的、経済的、政治的平等を信じない人
- someone who does not believe in the social or economic or political equality of men and women
- 私たちはみんな法の下の平等の権利が与えられる
- we are all entitled to equal protection under the law
- この事件以降、不平等条約撤廃の動きが高まった。
- Since then, the movement to abolish the unequal treaty had grown.
- その構成員の議決権及び選挙権が平等であること。
- that its members are granted equal rights to vote and to elect;
- that its members are granted an equal rights to vote and to elect;
- 各加入予定者の創立総会の議決権は、平等とする。
- The voting right of each Expected Member shall be equal.
- すべての人間が平等に創られているわけではない。
- Not all men are created equal.
- そのお金は彼ら二人で平等に分けられるでしょう。
- The money will probably be split evenly between those two.
- 彼らは男女が平等なのは当然の事だと思っている。
- They take it for granted that men and women are equal.
- 平等寺薬師堂(新潟県上越市) - 室町時代建立
- Yakushi-do hall of Byodo-ji Temple (Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture). Built during the Muromachi period
- 平等院鳳凰堂壁扉画 - 京都・平等院蔵、国宝。
- The paintings on walls and doors in the Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Temple: housed in the Byodoin Temple in Kyoto, a national treasure.
- 鎌倉時代には平等院の末寺となっていたようである。
- In Kamakura period, it seems that the temple was categorized as the lowest level temple within the Byodo-in school
- この著者の父は、平等院をつくった藤原頼通である。
- The author's father was FUJIWARA no Yorimichi who built Byodo-in Temple.
- 平等院像 (京都府宇治市)(定朝作、鳳凰堂安置)
- Statue at Byodo-in Temple (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture) (made by Jocho, placed at Hoo-do)
- 君たちは、ケーキを平等に分配しなくてはいけない。
- You have to share the cake equally.
- 法隆寺、平等院などの古建築修復にも関わりが深い。
- He also took part greatly with the restoration of old architecture such as Horyu-ji and Byodo-in Temples.
- 現在の平等院の地は、源融が営んだ別荘だったもの。
- The villa belonging to MINAMOTO no Toru was situated in what are now the grounds of Byodoin Temple.
- 江戸時代の賎民制度は、四民平等をもって廃止された。
- The Senmin system in the Edo period was abolished after the concept of the 'equality of all people' was introduced.
- 「願以此功徳 平等施一切 同発菩提心 往生安楽国」
- 'Hope this merit equally gives the aspiration for Buddhahood and leads to heaven'
- 惣村の内部は、平等意識と連帯意識により結合していた。
- The members of the soson associated with one another based on equality and community.
- 平等院鳳凰堂阿弥陀如来像:定朝作で唯一現存する作品。
- The statue of Amida Nyorai in the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple: The one and only existing work of Jocho
- 創立総会における各加入予定者の議決権は、平等とする。
- The voting right of each Prospective Member to be exercised at an organizational meeting shall be of equal value.
- 『仏説無量清浄平等覚経』2巻 曹魏の白延訳とされる。
- 'The Wu-liang ch'ing-ching p'ing-teng chiao-ching, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Baiyan in Sogi.
- 藤原頼通が築いた平等院も浄土思想に基づくものである。
- Byohoin Temple was built by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, based on Jodo-shiso.
- 鯖江市妙法蓮華経山平等会寺(塔頭常在院、真行院あり)
- Sabae City 妙法蓮華経山平等会寺 (塔頭常在院 and真行院 are also located here)
- 藤原頼通の平等院鳳凰堂や足利義満の鹿苑寺などがある。
- They were installed, for example, in Byodo-in Ho-do (Ho-do Hall of Byodoin Temple) of Yorimichi FUJIWARA and in Rokuon-ji Temple of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 我々は、給与の不平等問題を解決するために展望を変えた
- we changed the landscape for solving the problem of payroll inequity
- 幕末以来の不平等条約である治外法権の撤廃に成功する。
- He succeeded in abolishing chigaihoken (exterritoriality), which was an unequal treaty which existed since the end of the Edo period.
- これは日本にとっては、初の本格的な平等条約であった。
- It was the first full-scale equal treaty for Japan.
- 略称は、『清浄平等覚経』、『平等覚経』が用いられる。
- As an abbreviation, either 'Seijobyodokakukyo' or 'Byodokakukyo' is used.
- 当時はアメリカと不平等条約改正を交渉中の最中であった。
- This incident occurred while negotiations to redress an unequal treaty between Japan and the USA were underway.
- 平等院鳳凰堂:天喜元年(1053年)に藤原頼通が建立。
- Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple: Constructed by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in 1053.
- 欧米諸国はその大半が身分制度を廃し、平等を唱えていた。
- Most of Western countries had abolished the social class system and advocated equality of status.
- この条約における不平等的性格を決定づけた条項といえる。
- It can be said that the unequal nature of the treaty was determined by this provision.
- 明治維新後、四民平等がなされ浪人という身分も消滅した。
- After Meiji Restoration, the equality of all people was proclaimed and the status of 浪人 vanished as well.
- つまり役割論に基礎を置いた夫婦平等がその内容であった。
- In other words, it was an equal between husband and wife based on sharing roles.
- - 平等院鳳凰堂、中尊寺金色堂、白水阿弥陀堂、富貴寺大堂
- Byodo-in Temple Hoodo (Phoenix Hall), Chuson-ji Temple Konjikido (Golden Hall), Shiramizu Amidado Hall, Fuki-ji Temple Odo Hall
- 戦利品は大部分が家庭用品であり、平等に分配しづらかった。
- These consisted of household goods mostly, and the task of equitable division was difficult.
- 宇治平等院鳳凰堂は当時の貴族の浄土信仰の代表的遺構である。
- Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavillion) of Byodo-in Temple in Uji is a representative legacy of the Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) of the nobility.
- 京都・平等院(所在鳳翔館、現在鐘楼に吊られている鐘は複製)
- Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto Prefecture (within the Hosho-kan, the hanging bell in the bell tower is a replica)
- 企業の資本金の平等の分け前で、株券によって所有が証明される
- any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate
- 幕末以来の不平等条約を解消するための条約改正の交渉を行う。
- He negotiated for treaty revision to break off unequal treaty since the end of Edo period.
- 第三章 論諸国平行之権(各国が共に平等である権利を論ずる)
- Chapter 3. 論諸国平行之権 (Right to equality of nations is discussed.)
- 人類の平等の教義と政治的および経済的で社会的平等の好ましさ
- the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
- 1486年 山城国一揆衆、宇治平等院に集まり国中の掟を定める
- 1486: The rebels in the Yamashiro-no-kuni Ikki (Yamashiro Province Riot) gathered at the Uji Byodo-in Temple, and set the Kuniju-no-okite (rules for the province).
- 当時東アジアで結ばれた多くの条約と同様、不平等条約であった。
- It was an unequal treaty, as were many other treaties concluded in East Asia at that time.
- 一部の士族はこれらの四民平等政策に反発し、士族反乱が起こる。
- Some shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) opposed these policies to enact equality of all people, and the Shizoku Hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) occurred.
- すべての人民は平等であるという前提に邁進して−A・リンカーン
- dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal- A.Lincoln
- 現代に残るその栄華の象徴が頼通が造営した平等院鳳凰堂である。
- The Hoo-do Hall (Phoenix Hall) at Byodoin Temple, built by Yorimichi, is still standing to show the symbol of their glory.
- 平等院には、鳳凰堂以外にも以下のような堂塔が建ち並んでいた。
- In addition to Ho-o-do hall, Byodo-in Temple once included the following buildings.
- すべての人に平等の話す権利が与えられているのは言うまでもない。
- It goes without saying that everybody is given the equal right to speak.
- 1180年 以仁王が源頼政と組んで挙兵、平等院で平家軍と戦い戦死
- 1180: Mochihito-o along with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa took up arms, fought against the Taira family at the Byodo-in Temple, and died in the battle.
- 子に源成信(藤原道長の養子)、源致信、永円(園城寺平等院僧綱)。
- Imperial Prince Munehira's children were MINAMOTO no Noburari (an adopted child of FUJIWARA no Michinaga) and MINAMOTO no Munenobu, Eien (sogo, a monk of a managerial posts) of Enjo-ji Temple's Byodo-in.
- 男女平等推進委員会が、進ちょく状況の確認や市長の諮問に応じます。
- The Committee for Gender Equality checks on progress and responds to requests from the mayor.
- 破産を宣告された会社の債権者たちに平等に権利を保証する法的手続き
- a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent
- 平等院庭園(1922年(大正11年)3月8日に史跡・名勝に指定)
- Byodo-in Temple Gardens (Designated a Historic Site/Place of Scenic Beauty on March 8, 1922)
- 平等寺(びょうどうじ)は、京都市下京区にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
- Byodo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chisan School of the Shingon Sect located in Shimogyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.
- 外観は宇治きっての観光名所でもある、平等院をモチーフとしている。
- The exterior appearance of the station building depicts and resembles Byodoin Temple, the foremost tourist attraction of Uji.
- 何もない空間は、平等性を重んじる連歌を張行する場にふさわしかった。
- The empty space was perfect for renga that placed value on equality.
- 組合員の議決権及び選挙権は、出資口数にかかわらず、平等であること。
- Partner shall have equal voting rights and rights to elect, irrespective of the number of units of contribution they have offered.
- 計画または目的に基づいた割り当て(しばしば平等)において分配される
- distributed in portions (often equal) on the basis of a plan or purpose
- 平等院(びょうどういん)は、京都府宇治市にある藤原氏ゆかりの寺院。
- Byodo-in Temple is a temple connected to the Fujiwara clan located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 第一款 朝鮮は自主の国であり、日本と平等の権利を有する国家と認める。
- Provision 1 - Korea is an independent country, so it is admitted that Korea is a nation that has equal rights with Japan.
- ウサギたちが集会で熱弁をふるって、誰もが平等であるべきだと論述した。
- THE HARES harangued the assembly, and argued that all should be equal.
- したがって、中国王朝と周辺諸国が平等であることは原則的にありえない。
- As a general rule, therefore, Chinese dynasty and neighboring countries could not be equal in mutual relation.
- 性的不平等を永続させる慣習の改善を要求した(1815年−1902年)
- called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)
- 平等寺(びょうどうじ)は、奈良県桜井市三輪にある現在は曹洞宗の寺院。
- Located at Miwa Sakurai City Nara Prefecture, Byodo-ji Temple now belongs to the Soto sect.
- その間に学制の基礎固め・四民平等・警察制度整備など近代化政策を推進。
- It was during this time that he implemented modernization policies including laying the foundations of the education system, advocating equality for all, and organizing the police system
- 1485年、南山城の国人衆や農民らが宇治の平等院に集まり評定を持った。
- In 1485, local samurais and farmers in Minami-Yamashiro gathered in Byodoin Temple in Uji to conduct a conference.
- 『仏説無量清浄平等覚経』4巻 後漢の支婁迦讖(しるかせん)訳…「漢訳」
- Volume 4 of 'Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment' was translated later into Chinese by the early monk Lokaksema (also known as 支婁迦讖 Zhī Lóujiāchèn in Chinese and Shirukasen in Japanese).
- Yama(閻魔)は、縛、雙世、雙王、静息、遮正、平等などと和訳される。
- Yama (Emma) is translated into Japanese as baku (縛), sosei (雙世), soo (雙王), seisoku (静息), shasei (遮正) or byodo(平等), etc.
- 南アフリカ政府は、もはや黒人に平等の公民権を求める運動を抑制できない。
- The movement of South Africa can no longer suppress the movement for equality.
- その後、比較的早い時期には「平等寺」という名称で呼ばれることとなった。
- Relatively soon after that the seminary came to be called 'Byodo-ji Temple.'
- 1977年(昭和52)、曹洞宗の寺院、「三輪山平等寺」として再興した。
- In 1977, the temple was reconstructed as a Zen temple, 'Miwa-san Byodo-ji Temple' of the Soto sect.
- あるいは条約締結の際記載される言語や署名も平等であることが求められる。
- It is also required that, in concluding any treaty, languages used and signatures are required to be equal.
- ところで、この平等は、「その場限り」のものであったことが指摘されている。
- However, this equality has been pointed out as something that existed 'only in that place.'
- 江戸幕府は身分制社会であり、法や捜査は決して近代的でないし平等でもない。
- The Edo bakufu was a society structured based on one's status, and the law and investigations were neither modern nor equal.
- これらの不平等条約は半世紀にわたりその後の明治政府を悩ませることになる。
- These unequal treaties troubled the Meiji Government for a half century.
- これによって、欧米による日本に対する不平等条約の強制が完了したと言える。
- With this the West's enforcement of unfair treaties on Japan was completed.
- すべての動物は平等である。しかしある動物は他の動物よりさらに平等である。
- All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.
- 今や男女の賃金を平等にするだけでなく、家事の責任も平等にすべき時である。
- It is time not only to equalize men's and women's wages, but also to equalize responsibility for housework.
- しばしば表と裏が間違われやすいが、平等院鳳凰堂が書かれている側が表である。
- The obverse and reverse sides of the coin are often confused; the side on which the Hoo-do Hall of Byodoin Temple appears is the obverse side.
- むしろ万人に平等に、そしてすでに良知が宿っていることを認めていこうとする。
- Yomei-gaku encourages people to recognize that everyone equally has innate ryochi.
- つまり、連歌の会の間、その会所の主室に限った場での平等、ということになる。
- The equality was only present during the renga party and limited to the master guest room of the kaisho.
- つまり、すべての人に等しく教育を説き、理想の実現と人間平等の考え方である。
- Namely, it's a concept that explains the meaning of education to everyone, and it implies human equality and the realization of an ideal.
- それを皮切りに李氏朝鮮は列強諸国と不平等条約を結ばされて開国を強いられる。
- With this as a start, the Yi Dynasty Korea was forced to enter into unequal treaties with these powerful countries and to open up their country.
- 江戸時代後期に諸外国と結ばれた不平等条約の改正(条約改正)のための予備交渉
- To have preliminary negotiations to revise the unequal treaty (treaty revision) which had been signed between foreign countries and Japan in the late Edo period.
- 上記華夷秩序との最も大きな相違点は、主権国家間の法的平等原則の存在である。
- The biggest difference from above-described kaichitsujo is the existence of the principle of legal equality between sovereign states.
- 宇治の平等院の南門から100mくらいのところにある県(あがた)神社の祭礼。
- It is held at Agata-jinja Shrine located 100 meters away from the south gate of the Uji Byodoin Temple.
- このページは、ある問題に対する全ての観点を平等に説明していると思いますか?
- Do you feel that this page shows a fair representation of all perspectives on the issue?
- 分別は、人間のもつあらゆるものの中でも、もっとも平等に分け与えられている。
- Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed;
- この法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等を旨として、解釈しなければならない
- This Code must be construed in accordance with honoring the dignity of individuals and the essential equality of both sexes.
- 民主主義の原理または社会的平等に特徴づけられる、の支持、あるいは、に基づく
- characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality
- 皆が平等に教育を受けることで、貧富によって差別されない社会を作ろうとした。
- He aimed to build a society free from the discrimination between the rich and the poor by providing equal opportunities of education.
- だが同時に、欧米列強による日本に対する不平等条約の集大成とも言われている。
- At the same time, it was said to be the achievement of an unfair treaty against Japan by western powers.
- この法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等を旨として、解釈しなければならない。
- This Code must be construed in accordance with honoring the dignity of individuals and the essential equality of both sexes.
- 2001年にはそれまでの「宝物館」に代わり、「平等院鳳翔館」がオープンした。
- In 2001, the 'Byodo-in Temple Ho-sho-kan' was opened to replace the previous 'Homotsu-kan' (treasure hall).
- これにより、1870年(明治3)には、平等寺は三輪社の社人が管理するにいたる。
- This put Byodo-ji Temple under the control of shanin (shrine priests) of Miwa-sha in 1870.
- 明治16年(1883年)、外務卿として不平等条約改正交渉のため、鹿鳴館を建設。
- In 1883, he built Rokumeikan to negotiate the revision of an unequal treaty as Gaimukyo (chief of Foreign Ministry).
- この件が興福寺・春日大社側の打撃となり、以後の神木動座は平等院までに留められた。
- This was a setback for Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga-taisha Shrine, and thereafter, Shinboku was moved at most to Byodo-in Temple.
- 渡河を許したため、頼政は宇治橋を捨てて平等院まで退き、以仁王を逃そうと防戦した。
- Unable to prevent the Taira from crossing the river, Yorimasa abandoned his position by Uji bridge and retreated to Byodoin temple in a fighting withdrawal, trying to give prince Mochihito time to escape.
- 彼は、黒人たちが暴力に頼らないで平等の権利を得るための戦いに勝てると信じていた。
- He believed that blacks could win their fight for equal rights without violence.
- 平等院などへの観光や、宇治茶の産地として有名なJRにおける宇治市の代表駅である。
- It is a representative JR station in Uji City, a locality famous for tourist attractions such as Byodoin Temple and its position as the production center of Uji Tea.
- さらに、宇治市平等院に疎開させていた古文書なども戦乱下の混乱で行方不明となった。
- Moreover, ancient documents which had been moved to Byodo-in Temple, Uji City for evacuation were missed amid the confusion of the war.
- 通り名の由来は、北端にある因幡薬師堂(平等寺)の門が常に閉ざされていたことから。
- The name of the street comes from the gate of Inaba Yakushido (Byodo-ji Temple) located at its northern end, which was always closed.
- 女性の平等な権利の、女性の平等な権利に関する、または、女性の平等な権利を主張する
- of or relating to or advocating equal rights for women
- 奈良坂・木津などを経由して、途中一旦宇治市の平等院に入り、交渉を行って様子を見る。
- Going via Nara-zaka slope, Kizu, and other places, they stopped by Byodo-in Temple (in the present Uji City), made negotiations, and saw how it went.
- かつてこの一帯は南泉坊といわれ平等院の宝物を納めるところが幾つもあった「安養集」。
- The region here was once called Nansebo and is where 'Anyoshu,' which stored the treasures of Byodo-in Temple, was present.
- 大人と子供は同じではないけれども、相互依存を通して平等になることができるであろう。
- Adults and children are not identical but they will become equal through interdependence.
- 1381年、英国の貧しい人々を圧迫した人頭税とその他の不平等に反対し、広まった反乱
- a widespread rebellion in 1381 against poll taxes and other inequities that oppressed the poorer people of England
- 米国の市民権運動の指導者で、1942年に人種平等会議を設立した(1920年生まれ)
- United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920)
- しかし近代の四民平等は名目のみであり、その解消のための具体的な施策が行われなかった。
- However, the modern equality of all people was only nominal and no specific measures were taken to dissolve it.
- 夜間の行軍に疲れた以仁王は幾度も落馬し、やむなく宇治平等院で休息を取ることになった。
- Exhausted from the night march, prince Mochihito fell from his horse several times, until he was forced to take a rest at Byodoin temple in Uji.
- マカートニーは主権平等主義に立つヨーロッパ外交に基づいて清と条約を結ぶことを望んだ。
- Macartney requested the Qing dynasty to conclude a treaty based on the principle of European diplomacy, namely the principle of sovereign equality.
- 当時の日本外交の課題は不平等条約改正交渉、特に外国人に対する治外法権の撤廃であった。
- The topic of the Japanese foreign policy of the time concerned negotiations to revise unequal treaties, especially to remove the extraterritorial rights of foreigners.
- 一方で、「大乗院寺社雑事記」には、興福寺が平等寺に御用銭を課していることが見られる。
- In the meanwhile, 'Daijoin jisha zojiki' (Miscellaneous Records of the Daijo Temple and Shrine) describes that Byodo-ji Temple and other temples were imposed Goyosen (the money paid to the authorities) by the Kofuku-ji Temple (Sakurai City).
- 英国の作家、初期のフェミニストで、男性支配を否定し、女性のための平等な教育を支持した
- English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
- 人種的平等のためにジェームス・レオナルド。ファーマーによって1942年に作られた機関
- an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality
- 平等に思いやりがある小さな妻と、不平を言わずにおいしくて栄養がある食事を作り続ける母
- an equally gallant little wife and mother uncomplainingly keeping up the production of tasty and nourishing meals
- このころに、平等寺が存在し、「三輪別所」と呼称されていたことは問題がなく確実である。
- It is clear with no question that Byodo-ji Temple existed and was called 'Miwa-bessho' at the time.
- そこでは弱者保護や平等といった観念は払拭されており、天の役割が大きく転換されている。
- In that case, conceptions of protection for the weak or equality were not included, and also the role of heaven was completely changed.
- 必ず競を生け捕りにせよとの宗盛の指令にも関わらず、宇治平等院において奮戦の末に自害。
- Although Munemori ordered his army to capture Kio alive, Kio killed himself after fighting bravely in Uji Byodoin.
- 近代的な集権国家と四民平等を説き、国法会議や民法会議を主催して民法典編纂に取り組む。
- He advocated a modern centralized country and equality for all people, and engaged in the compilation of civil codes by organizing the National Law Assembly and Civil Law Assembly.
- この平等条約締結の礼として、明治政府は1898年に在外公館の用地をメキシコに提供した。
- The Meiji Government offered a land for a diplomatic mission to Mexico in reward for the conclusion of the treaty.
- 明治維新後、四民平等布告により、社会制度的な家制度が解体され、武士は事実上滅び去った。
- After the Meiji Restoration due to the proclamation of equality of all people, family system as a social system was dismantled and the age of samurai ended in effect.
- いかに異常だったとしても、ポルポト体制は少なくとも平等主義社会のビジョンを持っていた。
- The Pol Pot regime at least had a vision, however blurred, of an egalitarian society.
- 「カミソリ大臣」と呼ばれ、外務大臣として不平等条約の改正(条約改正)に辣腕を振るった。
- He was called 'Kamisori minister' ('kamisori' refers to a sharp person) and showed his ability as Minister of Foreign Affairs in revising unequal treaties (treaty revisions).
- 1889年(明治22年)には日本倶楽部をつくり、大隈重信の不平等条約改正案に反対する。
- Organizing the Japan Club in 1889, he opposed the draft to revise unequal treaties formulated by Shigenobu OKUMA.
- 平安時代後期の京都では、平等院以外にも皇族・貴族による大規模寺院の建設が相次いでいた。
- In addition to Byodo-in Temple, the Imperial family and nobility successively built many large temples in Kyoto during the latter part of the Heian period.
- 1053年(天喜元年)牛車を許され、翌1054年(天喜2年)平等院検校に任じられている。
- He was allowed to use gissha (ox-drawn carriage) in 1053 and was appointed to the administrative director of Byodo-in Temple in the following year, 1054.
- 平等寺の寺号は、承安 (日本)元年(1171年)に高倉天皇によって下賜されたものである。
- The name Byodo-ji Temple was granted by the Emperor Takakura in 1717.
- 平等院鳳翔館(びょうどういんほうしょうかん)は京都府宇治市の平等院の敷地内にある博物館。
- Byodoin Temple Museum Hoshokan is a museum located in the grounds of Byodoin Temple in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 摂関期の平等院鳳凰堂のほか、藤原秀衡が平泉に創建した無量光院跡にも同様の仏堂が建てられた。
- On top of the Hoo-do Hall of the Byodo-in Temple during the Sekkan period, similar Buddhist temples were built on the Muryoko-in Temple site that FUJIWARA no Hidehira had built in Hiraizumi.
- 標準的なオープンソースのライセンスのもとなら、ソフト進化のゲームではみんなが平等なはずだ。
- According to the standard open-source licenses, all parties are equals in the evolutionary game.
- 『和歌現在書目録』には「在平等院宝蔵」とあるから、平安時代末期までは存在していたと知れる。
- 'Waka genzaisho mokuroku' indicates that 'Ruiju-karin was in the treasure house of Byodoin Temple,' so it is a proof that the poetry collection was still extant until the end of the Heian Period.
- 準備不足のために露見して追討を受け、以仁王と頼政は宇治平等院の戦いで敗死、早期に鎮圧された。
- Due to inadequate preparations, however, their plot was discovered, and the Taira clan received an Imperial decree to track them down and kill them; Prince Mochihito and Yorimasa both died at the Battle of Byodo-in temple in Uji, and the rebellion was suppressed while still at an early stage.
- 新政府は不平等条約の改正を目指し、帝国議会の設置や大日本帝国憲法の制定など国制整備に努めた。
- Aiming at revising unequal treaties, the new government made efforts to establish national systems, such as the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the enactment of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- ダムより2.3kmの至近距離に世界文化遺産に登録された平等院や宇治橋、天ヶ瀬森林公園がある。
- Within as little as 2.3 km from this dam are Byodo-in Temple (a World Heritage Site), Uji-bashi Bridge, and Amagase Forest Park.
- 例:大乗院庭園跡(奈良)、平等院(京都府宇治市)、浄瑠璃寺庭園、毛越寺(岩手県平泉町)など。
- Examples: the remains of the garden of the Daijo-in Temple (Nara City), the Byodo-in Temple (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture), the garden of the Joruri-ji Temple, the Motsu-ji Temple (Hiraizumi Town, Iwate Prefecture), etc.
- 追加の審理が三回、平等王(百ヶ日忌)・都市王(一周忌)・五道転輪王(三回忌)と言う形である。
- Three additional trials are prepared under the additional three judges; Byodo-o (eighth judge for trial held on the 100th day after the death), Toshi-o (ninth judge for trial in the first anniversary), Godotenrin-o (tenth judge for trial held in the second anniversary).
- 港務局は、何人に対しても施設の利用その他港湾の管理運営に関し、不平等な取扱をしてはならない。
- A port authority shall not give discriminatory treatment to any party with respect to the use of facilities and the management and operation of the port.
- 彼が平等を勝ち取るための運動に献身していた期間に、いくつかの新しい法律が議会を通過していた。
- In the years he had worked so hard for equality, new laws had been passed.
- そして、平等条約の締結か外交関係の断絶のいずれかを迫るべきであるとした「条約励行」を唱えた。
- They advocated that Japan should urge the western powers that either those countries accept new equal treaties or Japan would break off diplomatic relations.
- また欧米によって強制された条約が不平等条約だったことから「不平等条約体制」と呼ぶこともある。
- As the treaties forced by Europe and America were unequal treaties, it is also called 'unequal treaty system.'
- 山辺郡平等坊(現・天理市平等坊町)の山口氏は奏者番、伏見城番などを勤めた山口直友の裔である。
- The Yamaguchi clan in Byodobo, Yamabe County (present Byodobo-cho, Tenri City) was a descendant of Naotomo YAMAGUCHI who assumed the post of sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) and guard of Fushimi-jo Castle.
- 同僚の間で平等に授けられる権限に特徴づけられる、または、同僚の間で平等に授けられる権限を持つ
- characterized by or having authority vested equally among colleagues
- 神戸の外国人居留地が日本に返還されたのは、不平等条約改正後の明治32年(1899年)であった。
- The foreign settlement in Kobe was restored to Japanese sovereignty in 1899 following the revision of the unequal treaties.
- 私の納税で生活を扶助される貧困者を生み出すことから利潤を得ることで、私の平等の権利を侵すのだ。
- It invades my right of equality, by deriving a profit from the creation of a misery I am taxed to support.
- こうした旧来の特権は、明治政府が行う四民平等政策や、近代化政策を行うにあたって障害となっていた。
- These old privileges posed an impediment to the Meiji Government's policies like the equality of all people and modernization.
- しかしこうした事態に変化をもたらしたのが、相次ぐ西欧列強との戦争とその後の不平等条約締結である。
- However, this changed due to the series of wars against powerful western European nations and the unequal treaties that followed.
- 宇治市中心部の宇治橋通りや平等院通りには茶店が軒を連ね、観光客が一服している光景がよく見られる。
- Tea stalls stand side by side on Uji bridge street and Byodo-in street in the center of Uji City, where tourists are often seen having tea.
- 現在では、托鉢は毎朝行われ、教団に持ち帰ったそれらの食物は担当者によって全員に平等に分配される。
- Nowadays, takuhatsu is practiced every morning, and the foods taken back to the religious community are divided equally between everyone by those in charge.
- 明治32年 (1899年)、不平等条約の条約改正が実現し、欧米列強の意向を顧慮する必要が薄れた。
- 1899 - unequal treaties revised, and the need to take into account western powers decreased.
- この梵鐘は慶長7年(1602年)の鋳造で、平等院鐘、神護寺鐘とともに日本三名鐘に数えられている。
- This bonsho was founded in 1602 and is one of the three most famous bells in Japan, along with the ones of Byodoin Temple and Jingo-ji Temple.
- 条約体制に参加した諸国家が他国と往来する時、その国の大小に関係なく平等に交際しなくてはならない。
- When any country has traffic with other countries in the same treaty system, they should associate with each other equally regardless of the size of nation.
- 同戦争における日本の勝利を受けて修好条規の変則的平等条約から日本に有利な不平等条約に改められた。
- Because of the victory of Japan in the war, the amity treaty, which was the irregular equal treaty, was changed into the unequal treaty in favor of Japan.
- 表面には「日本国」と「十円」そして平等院が、裏面には「10」と製造年、常盤木がデザインされている。
- On the obverse side appear the characters for 'Nihonkoku 日本国,' 'Juen 十円,' and Byodoin Temple, and on the reverse side appears the number '10,' the year of manufacture and stylized evergreen leaves.
- 明治維新後の日本は不平等条約を改正し、欧米列強と対等の関係を築くために近代的憲法を必要としていた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Japan needed to enact a modern constitution so that they could reform the unequal treaty and build a 50/50 relationship with the allied western powers.
- 吉田松陰の唱えた一君万民思想は擬似的な平等思想であり、幕府の権威を否定するイデオロギーともなった。
- The Ikkunpanmin Shiso (the thought where constitutional authority was given to only one ruler and any discrimination and distinction against social status were generally not allowed among people) is spurious thought on equality, but it also became an ideology to deny the authority of shogunate.
- やがて19世紀にはいると阿片戦争が起こり、敗北した清朝はイギリスなどと片務的な不平等条約を結んだ。
- The Opium War occurred in the 19th century, and the Qing dynasty concluded an unilateral and unequal treaty after its defeat.
- 群集を動かすのは、純粋な平等の理論に基づいたルールではなく、印象であり、群集を魅惑するものなのだ。
- and that it is not with rules based on theories of pure equity that they are to be led, but by seeking what produces an impression on them and what seduces them.
- 物語では頼長が勉学にすぐれ、部下を平等に扱い、摂政として欠けたところはなかったことを賞賛している。
- In the tale, Yorinaga is praised for his excellence in study and impartial manner in the treatment of his followers, and he is described as a perfect regent.
- 計画が露見して準備不足のまま挙兵を余儀なくされ、平家の追討を受けて宇治平等院の戦いで敗れ自害した。
- As the plan was exposed to the Taira clan, the insurgent group had to raise an army without sufficient preparations; Yorimasa was hunted by the Taira clan and killed himself in the war of Uji Byodoin Temple.
- 中国最後の王朝であった清朝とイギリスの間に結ばれた条約は、近代国際法に基づいた不平等条約であった。
- The treaty concluded between the Qing dynasty, which was the last dynasty in China, and Great Britain was an unequal treaty based on modern international law.
- 一方で条約体制では、国家・国力の大小に関係なく、主権を持つ国家は法的には平等・対等であるとされる。
- On the other hand, under treaty system, sovereign states are legally equal and even regardless of the size or scale of the countries or power.
- 醍醐寺と宇治浪漫(Dコース)萬福寺・三室戸寺・平等院・宇治散策(自由散策約)・醍醐寺三宝院・勧修寺
- Daigo-ji Temple and Romantic Uji (D course): Manpuku-ji Temple, Mimuroto-ji Temple, Byodo-in Temple, walking in Uji (free time), Daigo-ji Temple Sanbo-in, Kaju-ji Temple
- 江戸幕府から政権を引き継いだ明治政府が直面した課題は、貿易による外貨獲得と不平等条約の改正であった。
- The Meiji government took over issues from the Edo feudal government such as the acquisition of foreign currencies and revision of unequal treaties.
- このことは日本が近代法を運用する主権国家として、当時進行中であった不平等条約改正へのはずみとなった。
- At that time, Japan had already tried to reform the unequal treaty as a sovereign nation of modern laws, but this incident accelerated the movement.
- 日本での作例としては、宇治市の平等院鳳凰堂本尊像、図2の鎌倉市・高徳院本尊像(鎌倉大仏)などがある。
- Examples of statues assuming Jo-in existing in Japan include the principal statue in Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodoin Temple in Uji City and the principal statue in Kotokuin Temple in Kamakura City (Kamakura Great Buddha) shown in Figure 2.
- これには、会所空間が平等の場であり、身分の上下関係なく人々が入り混じっていたことも関係してくるだろう。
- This was related to the fact that the space of kaisho was a place of common ground, and people mixed together regardless of their social status.
- 宇治市(うじし)は、京都府の南部に位置し、世界遺産ともなっている平等院や宇治茶などで知られる市である。
- Located in the south of Kyoto Prefecture, Uji City is known for Uji tea and the Byodo-in Temple, which is registered on the World Heritage list.
- 日本では法隆寺金堂壁画や薬師寺東塔水煙、平等院鳳凰堂後背、法界寺阿弥陀堂壁画などにその作例が見られる。
- In Japan, its works are seen in various places such as the Kondo Hall Wall Paintings of Horyu-ji Temple, Suien (the Water Flame) of Yakushi-ji Temple Toto (East Pagoda), the background of Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple, and Amida Hall Mural Painting of Hokai-ji Temple.
- 文献上は多くの事跡が伝えられるが、現存する確実な遺作は平等院本尊の木造阿弥陀如来坐像(国宝)とされる。
- According to historical accounts there is much evidence of his work however the only statue in existence that can be identified with certainty as his work is the wooden seated Amida Nyorai Statue (a national treasure), the principal object of reverence at Byodoin (Kyoto).
- 日本の十円硬貨には平等院鳳凰堂が、日本銀行券には鳳凰堂の屋根上に飾られている鳳凰がデザインされている。
- Byodo-in Temple's Ho-o-do hall is displayed on the Japanese 10 yen coin and Bank of Japan notes feature the Chinese Phoenix statues that adorn the roof of Ho-o-do hall.
- 一方、不平等条約の失敗を鑑とした政府は、アジア諸国に対しては、平等以上の立場を確保することを旨とした。
- On the other hand, the new government, who reflected on the failing of this treaty, tried to stand on more than equal footing with Asian countries.
- このとき不平等にならないように、取り札の頭はそれぞればらばらな方を向いているようにならなければならない。
- The tori-fuda should never be arranged neatly to ensure fairness.
- 宇治平等院の戦いでは衆寡敵せず敗れ、兼綱は頼政を守って宇治平等院(京都府宇治市)にて壮絶な戦死を遂げた。
- In the Battle of Uji Byodo-in, they were outnumbered and defeated and Kanetsuna died bravely in Uji Byodo-in Temple (Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture) guarding Yorimasa.
- なお、「五条高倉薬師堂」とは、狂言「因幡堂」で知られる京都市下京区の平等寺 (京都市下京区)のことである。
- Gojo Takakura Yakushido' means Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City), which is well known for 'Inabado' of the Kyogen play.
- Yakushi-do Hall at gojo-takakura is Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City), which is known for kyogen 'Inabado.'
- 異色の指定品としては平等院鳳凰堂本尊阿弥陀如来の頭上の天蓋があり、単独で「彫刻」の部の国宝に指定されている。
- An example of a more unconventional sculpture that was made a national treasure is the sculpture of the reed hood adorning the head of Amitabha Tathagata (Amida Nyorai in Japanese), the principal image in Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Temple, which separate from the sculpture of Amitabha was made a national treasure by itself.
- 採用試験は、人事院規則の定める受験の資格を有するすべての国民に対して、平等の条件で公開されなければならない。
- Employment examinations shall be open on equal conditions to any citizen who possesses the qualifications which are provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority to take examinations.
- 陸奥が外務大臣の時代に、不平等条約を結んでいた15ヶ国すべてとの間で条約改正(治外法権の撤廃)を成し遂げた。
- While Mutsu was serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he accomplished treaty revisions (abolishment of chigaihoken) with all fifteen nations with which Japan had concluded unequal treaties.
- 仲綱らは以仁王を逃すべく平等院に籠って必死で戦い、仲綱はさんざんに戦い満身創痍になって平等院釣殿で自害した。
- Nakatsuna fought hard inside Byodo-in Temple to let Prince Mochihito escape, and after fighting and being wounded, he killed himself in the Tsuridono fishing pavilion of Byodo-in Temple.
- 宇治平等院に引退した際に所有権は摂関家歴代当主に継承させるものの、邸宅自体は歴代天皇の里内裏として提供された。
- When he retired to Uji Byodo-in Temple, although the ownership was transferred to the heads of the line of regents and advisers, the residence was provided as a satodairi for the line of emperors.
- 一見双方平等のようであるが、貿易に関する力量がすでに異なっていたため、朝鮮側にとって著しく不利なものであった。
- It seemed an equal treaty at a glance, but the ability to trade was already different, so it was remarkably disadvantageous to Korea.
- しかし、浄土においては一切の衆生は平等であるという教えにより、一部で院号を用いる事に対し、反対する意見もある。
- Some opposes the use of Ingo based on the doctrine that all living things are equal in Jodo.
- 原理としての自由は、人類が自由で平等な論議によって改善できるようになる以前の、いかなる事態にも適用できません。
- Liberty, as a principle, has no application to any state of things anterior to the time when mankind have become capable of being improved by free and equal discussion.
- 米国の公民権運動の指導者、政治活動家で、アフリカ系アメリカ人の平等の推進運動を行った(1868年−1963年)
- United States civil rights leader and political activist who campaigned for equality for Black Americans (1868-1963)
- その説く所は身分の上下をこえた平等思想に特徴があり、武士だけでなく商工人まで広く浸透し「近江聖人」と呼ばれた。
- What he preached was characterized by the egalitarianism ideas beyond the social status and penetrated not only to samurai but also to merchants and workmen so that they called him 'Omi Seijin.'
- 生真面目で一途な性格だが、複数の妻を平等に扱うことが出来ないなど、平安貴族としては欠点を多く持つ人物とされる。
- He is a character of deeply sincere and straightforward honesty, but considered a person with defects as a noble of the Heian period, namely being unable to treat his several wives equally.
- 具体的には不平等条約を砲艦外交(軍艦や大砲といった軍事力を背景に行われる恫喝的な外交交渉)によって強制された。
- To be more precise, such countries were forced to accept unequal treaties through gunboat diplomacy (threatening diplomatic negotiation backed with military force such as battleships and cannons).
- 厨河に戻った頼朝は、奥州藤原氏の建立した中尊寺、毛越寺、宇治平等院を模した無量光院跡などの寺領の安堵を命じる。
- Yoritomo returned to Kuriyagawa and ordered the approval of a landowner of Jiryo (land belonged to a temple), such as Chuson-ji Temple erected by Oshu Fujiwara clan, Motsu-ji Temple and Muryoko-in Temple Ruins that imitated Uji-byodoin Temple.
- ほかに藤原道長の法成寺、藤原頼通の平等院など、また阿弥陀堂の東面に池が掘られるという浄瑠璃寺のような場合もある。
- Other typical gardens of this style include Hojo-ji Temple built by FUJIWARA no Michinaga, Byodo-in Temple by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, and there was also the Joruri-ji Temple where a pond was placed on the east side of its Amitabha hall.
- 日本館として平等院鳳凰堂を模した鳳凰殿を建て、工芸品の輸出を積極的に促進したことが前回までとの大きな違いである。
- It greatly differed from the previous one in that a Hoo Palace (Phoenix Palace) copy of Hoo-do Hall (Phoenix Hall) of Byodoin Temple was built as a Japanese pavilion, and the exportation of artifacts was promoted.
- 1996年から1997年にかけて、平等院の裏手に15階建てのマンションが建ち、鳳凰堂の背景になってしまっている。
- From 1996 to 1997, a 15-storey apartment block was constructed behind Byodo-in Temple and became the new backdrop to Ho-o-do hall.
- トルコでも中国でも不平等条約は当初、西欧諸国に与えた特権というとらえ方をし、自国の不利益性を意識していなかった。
- In Turkey and China, the unequal treaty was understood as a privilege given to western countries and disadvantage to own country was not recognized.
- 熊野三山参詣の折にその旨を祈願すると、熊野権現から「平等寺 (京都市下京区)の薬師如来に祈れ」とお告げがあった。
- When he made a pilgrimage to Kumano Sanzan and prayed, Kumano Gongen commanded him to 'pray to the Yakushi Nyorai of Byodo-ji Temple (Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City).'
- 七回の審理で決まらない場合は、追加の審理が三回、平等王(百ヶ日忌)・都市王(一周忌)・五道転輪王(三回忌)となる。
- When the judgment cannot be made even after the seventh trial, the following three additional trials are held; the trial by Byodo-o (on the ceremony of Hyakkanichi), by Toshi-o (on the first anniversary of one's death), and by Godotenrin-o (on the second anniversary of one's death).
- 承保元年(1074年)2月平等院執行に補され、同年12月に法印になり、承暦元年(1077年)法性寺座主に転任した。
- In March 1074, he was assigned to the regent of the Byodoin Temple and to hoin (the highest rank among Buddhist priests) in December in the same year, and was transferred to the zasu of the Hossho-ji Temple in 1077.
- 平等院鳳凰堂の他にも数多くの現存する堂宇が知られ、主なものに中尊寺金色堂、法界寺阿弥陀堂、白水阿弥陀堂などがある。
- Many halls other than the Byodoin Hoo-do Hall are known, such as; the Konjiki-do Hall at Chuson-ji Temple, the Amida-do Hall at Hokai-ji Temple, and the Shiramizu Amida-do Hall.
- のち以仁王らと奈良へ向かったが、5月17日、宇治市平等院のあたりで平家の追討軍に追いつかれて仲光ともども戦死した。
- He headed toward Nara with Prince Mochihito, but was captured by the chasing army of the Taira family near the Byodo-in Temple in Uji City and died in battle along Nakamitsu's side on June 18.
- これは使節の交換と領事駐在および限定的な領事裁判権、開港と通商および協定関税率を相互に認めるという平等条約であった。
- This was an equal treaty that mutually authorized the exchange of envoys, the presence of the consular with restricted jurisdiction, opening of a port and commerce, and tariff rates based on an agreement.
- 条約改正(じょうやくかいせい)とは、安政年間に日本と諸外国との間で結ばれた不平等条約を改正するための外交交渉をさす。
- Revision of treaties means diplomatic negotiations to revise the unequal treaties which were concluded between other foreign countries and Japan in Ansei era.
- 大地に生える草木は、それぞれの種類や大小によって異なるが、大雲が起こり雨が降り注がれると、すべての草木は平等に潤う。
- Kusaki (vegetation) growing on the earth are different from each other in their kinds and sizes, however, if a huge cloud rises and the rain pours down, then Kusaki equally get a good soaking.
- その影響で、平安時代は極楽浄土や阿弥陀三尊を表現する建築様式(宇治の平等院や平泉の中尊寺など)や美術様式が発展した。
- Given that influence, the style of architecture and art by which to show the Pure Land and Amida-triad (such as Byodoin Temple in Uji and Chuson-ji Temple in Hiraizumi) developed during the Heian period.
- 宗綱はこの戦いに一家の嫡男として参加し奮戦するが、やがて衆寡敵せず敗北し、宇治平等院にて一族もろとも自害して果てた。
- Munetsuna participated in this battle as the heir of the family and fought bravely, however his army was too small to fight against the enemy's much larger army, so soon they were defeated, and he and his family committed suicide in Uji-byodoin Temple.
- 同志社大の創始者新島襄、人間の自由と平等を説いた東京大学教授の中村正直とともに、'キリスト教界の三傑'とうたわれた。
- Along with Joseph Hardy NEESIMA (Joe NIIJIMA), one of the founders of the Doshisha, and Masanao NAKAMURA, a liberalist professor of the University of Tokyo, he was known as one of the three pillars of the Christian world.
- 現在の平等院は、浄土宗の浄土院と、天台宗系の最勝院(ともに鳳凰堂の西側にある)という2つの寺院が共同で管理している。
- Byodo-in Temple is currently under the joint management of the Jodo Sect Jodo-in Temple and the Tendai Sect Saisho-in Temple (both located to the west of the Ho-o-do hall).
- また、王土王民の理念は、「王だけが君臨し、王の前では誰もが平等である」とする一君万民思想と表裏一体の関係をなしていた。
- The concept of odo omin, together with the idea of ikkun banmin ('one lord, the whole nation'), where 'only one sovereign rules the country and the people are equal under the rule,' formed two sides of the same coin.
- 天喜元年(1053年)藤原頼通が建立した平等院は四周の開口部には扉を設けているが、その内側に格子板戸も併せ用いている。
- The openings on the four sides of the Byodoin, erected by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in 1053, are provided with doors as well as latticed wooden doors inside.
- 一方で明治時代に入ると、朝鮮、中国に対して日朝修好条規や下関条約、「日清通商航海条約」など不平等条約を押し付けていった。
- Meanwhile, during the Meiji period, Japan imposed unequal treaties on Korea and China, including the Treaty of Ganghwa, the Treaty of Shimonoseki, and the 'Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.'
- ダムによって形成された人造湖は鳳凰湖(ほうおうこ)と命名され、平等院鳳凰堂などと共に宇治地域の主要な観光地となっている。
- The lake made as a result of the construction of the dam is named Lake Ho-o, and is an important tourist attraction in the Uji area along with Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple.
- 我が国においては、日本国憲法に個人の尊重と法の下の平等がうたわれ、人権の擁護と男女平等の実現に向けた取組が行われている。
- In consideration of respect for individuals and equality under the law expressly stipulated in the Constitution, progress has been made in Japan through efforts toward the protection of human rights and the realization of genuine equality between women and men.
- そして、「連判状」はんせいに代表される一揆契状に見られるように、局地的には全参加者が平等で民主的な合議制の場合が多かった。
- In most cases, ikki locally ensured equal treatment for all members within a democratic council system, as symbolized in ikki keijo (ikki deed) which is represented by the 'renpanjo' hansei.
- また中国(清朝)でも阿片戦争での敗北後、長期にわたって列強とさまざまな不平等条約を締結し、経済的な植民地に転落していった。
- China, too, concluded various unequal treaties with powerful countries over a long period after the defeat in the Opium Wars and fell to the position of their economic colony.
- しかし『大神神社史』は、「平等寺境内の開山堂に慶円の像を安置していた」ことを根拠に、寺伝を否定し、慶円を開山者としている。
- However 'Omiwa-Jinja Shi' (The history of Omiwa-Jinja Shrine) denies it, saying that it was founded by Kyoen on the ground that 'a statue of Kyoen was enshrined in Kaisan-do Hall (temple where the statue of founder priest is placed) of the temple.'
- 黒田内閣は、大隈重信が主導した不平等条約改正交渉の失敗によって大隈が襲撃され、翌明治22年 (1889年)10月に倒れた。
- The Kuroda Cabinet collapsed in October 1889, after the negotiations to revise unequal treaty initiated by Shigenobu OKUMA resulted in failure and Okuma was assaulted.
- 新政府にとって、最大の目標は欧米列強に追いつくことであり、そのためにも旧幕府時代に締結された不平等条約の改正が急務とされた。
- The biggest goal for the new government was to catch up with powerful western countries, and for this reason, they had to solve the problem of the unequal treaty signed in the Shogunate era as soon as possible.
- また、四民平等においては武士階級の身分的特権は廃止の必要があり、軍事的にも伝統的特権意識は軍制改革において弊害となっていた。
- According to the idea of equality of all Japanese people, samurai warriors' privileges should be abolished, and their sense of perquisite was a bottleneck in military reforms.
- 貴族も阿弥陀仏にすがり、極楽浄土に迎えられることを願って来迎図などを盛んに描かせ、その究極として宇治の地に平等院を建立した。
- The nobles relied on Amida Buddha and, hoping to be welcomed to the Sukhavati paradise, had many 'raigo-zu' (images of the Amida Buddha's descent to welcome the dying) drawn and ultimately had Byodo-in Temple built at Uji.
- 明治29年 (1896年)、「神祇官興復決議」が衆貴両院をはじめて通過したが、不平等条約の条約改正を前にして実現しなかった。
- 1896 - 'Jingikan restoration resolution' passed through both the Houses of Parliament the first time, but was abandoned when revision of the unequal treaties took precedence.
- 現在では、沿線にある宇治市の平等院などへの観光や、城陽市など京都府南部地域からの通勤・通学路線としての性格が強くなっている。
- Today, the Nara Line is characterized by the access it offers to sightseeing areas such as Byodo-in Temple in Uji City, or by a commuter line for passengers from the southern part of the Kyoto Prefecture, such as Joyo City.
- 法成寺は平等院の範となった寺院でもあり、当時、鴨川方向から見れば、ちょうど宇治川方向から見た平等院のようであったと思われる。
- Hojo-ji Temple became the model for Byodoin Temple and it is thought that facing Hojo-ji Temple from the direction of the Kamo-gawa River would have presented a sight similar to that of facing Byodoin Temple from the direction of the Uji-gawa River.
- またロシアに勝利したことは、列強諸国の日本に対する評価を高め、明治維新以来の課題であった不平等条約改正の達成に大きく寄与した。
- Japan's victory over Russia raised the repute of Japan among the great powers and greatly contributed to Japan's objective to revise the unequal treaties which had been a priority issue for the Japanese government since the Meiji Restoration.
- その他挙げなければならないのは、総じて西欧の対日条約の中に見出すことができるものの、その不平等性が増している条項の存在である。
- What should be noted was that the provisions in the treaties between Japan and the countries of Western Europe served to strengthened the unequal character of this treaty.
- 芸術の分野でも、法隆寺や唐招提寺の建築には中国などの影響が強く見られたのに対して、宇治平等院では日本人好みの表現になっている。
- In the field of art, the architecture of Horyu-ji Temple and Toshodai-ji Temple was largely influenced by China, but, the Uji-byodoin Temple was constructed as preferred by Japanese people.
- さらに「平等」「自立」「内省」「感謝」「平和」という5項目を掲げ、浄土真宗の教えに基づく建学の精神を平易な言葉で要約している。
- Additionally, Ryukoku University put forward 5 objectives, 'Equality','Independence','Introspection','Gratitude', and 'Peace', as the plain summary of the spirit of the foundation, which is based on the Jodo Shinshu teachings.
- すべて国民は、この法律の定める要件を満たす限り、この法律による保護(以下「保護」という。)を、無差別平等に受けることができる。
- All citizens may receive public assistance under this Act (hereinafter referred to as "public assistance") in a nondiscriminatory and equal manner as long as they satisfy the requirements prescribed by this Act.
- 本尊阿弥陀如来像を安置する中堂(ちゅうどう)、左右の翼廊、中堂背後の尾廊の計4棟が「平等院鳳凰堂」として国宝に指定されている。
- A total of four structures consisting of the central hall housing the principal image of Amitabha, the wing corridors on the left and right sides and the tail corridor have been designated National Treasures as 'Byodo-in Ho-o-do.'
- 不明門通(あけずのもんどおり)は車屋町通を南へ延長した線上にあり、北は松原通上ルの平等寺門前から、南は京都駅北の塩小路通まで。
- The Akezunomon-dori Street, located along the southern extension of the Kurumayacho-dori Street, runs in the north from the gate of Byodo-ji Temple, Matsubara-dori Street agaru to Shiokoji-dori Street north of Kyoto Station in the south.
- 他にも度を過ぎて交流を絶ったために外交手段が分からず、黒船来航の際に対応を誤り、不平等条約を結ばされたとする批判的な意見もある。
- From another critical viewpoint, it is suggested that the Bakufu failed to take adequate measures upon the arrival of the Black Ships due to a lack of knowledge involving diplomatic procedures resulting from excessively severing exchanges with foreign countries, and this resulted in the Bakufu being forced to sign an unequal treaty.
- 1947年5月3日、貴族制度の禁止(憲法14条2項)と法の下の平等(憲法14条1項)を定めた日本国憲法の施行とともに廃止された。
- On May 3, 1947, the kazoku system was abolished with the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan which stipulated the prohibition of aristocracy systems (Item 2, Article 14) and equality under the law (Item 1, Article 14).
- 天喜元年(1053年)藤原頼通が建立した、平等院鳳凰堂は四周の開口部には扉を設けているが、その内側に格子遣戸もあわせ用いている。
- In Hoo-do Hall of Byodoin Temple, which was built by FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in 1053, there is a door on the opening areas of the peripheral wall, and koshi-yarido (latticed sliding door) was also used on the inner side.
- In the Phoenix Hall in Byodoin Temple which FUJIWARA no Yorimichi had built in 1053, there are not only door apertures in the four directions, but also koshi-yarido (wooden sliding lattice door) inside of them.
- 現在ではすべての神社は平等と言うことになってはいるが、かつて一宮とされたことのある神社のほとんどが「○○国一宮」を名乗っている。
- Nowadays all shrines are considered to be equal but in the past most of the shrines denoted ichinomiya were named 'XX Province Ichinomiya.'
- 木戸は、幕末以来の宿願である開国・破約攘夷つまり不平等条約の撤廃と対等条約締結のため、岩倉使節団の全権副使として欧米を回覧した。
- Kido toured Europe and America as the vice ambassador plenipotentiary of the Iwakura Mission to abrogate the unfair treaties and to conclude fair treaties as he had hoped for the opening of Japan, the abrogation of the unfair treaties, and the expulsion of the barbarians since the end of the Edo period.
- 江戸時代後期に開国し、王政復古 (日本)により成立した明治政府は四民平等政策のもと、大名、武士階級を廃止して華族、士族を創設する。
- Meiji government, which was established through Restoration of Imperial Rule (Japan) after Japan opened herself to the world at the late Edo period, abolished daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and samurai hierarchy and set up the peerage and shizoku under the policy of equity of all people.
- 治承4年(1180年)年5月の以仁王の挙兵に際して、叔父の平知盛、平重衡、兄の維盛らと出陣し、源頼政と平等院で戦いこれを滅ぼした。
- When Prince Mochihito rose in arms in June 1180, Sukemori went off to war with a troop including his uncle, TAIRA no Tomonori, TAIRA no Shigehira, Koremori, his older brother, and they engaged in battle with MINAMOTO no Yorifusa at Byodoin Temple, where they destroyed the enemy forces.
- この帖に登場する夕霧 (源氏物語)所有の別荘は、宇治川の岸辺、京の向こう岸にあることから平等院がモデルというのが通説となっている。
- It is commonly said that the second residence owned by Yugiri (The Tale of Genji), appearing in this chapter, was modeled after the Byodoin Temple because in the tale it is located on the shore of the Uji-gawa River, the opposite side of the capital.
- このように、禅定寺は平安時代を通じて藤原道長、藤原頼通(道長の子、平等院の建立者)らの貴族の帰依を受け、広大な寺領を背景に栄えた。
- In this way, Zenjo-ji Temple flourished through the Heian period by accepting nobles such as FUJIWARA no Michinaga and FUJIWARA no Yorimichi (a son of Michinaga and erector of Byodoin Temple) as believers in Buddhism and based on its broad ryoji.
- 平等院鳳凰堂壁扉画、醍醐寺五重塔初層壁画、室生寺金堂壁画のように、国宝建造物の一部が「絵画」としても国宝に指定されているものもある。
- Sections of certain buildings that have been designated national treasures occasionally feature paintings that have also been made national treasures, like for example the wall and door paintings in Byodoin Temple's Phoenix Hall, the wall paintings in the five-storey pagoda of Daigo-ji Temple, and the wall paintings adorning Muro-ji Temple's Golden Hall.
- また板垣退助も華族制度は四民平等に反するという主張を持っており、明治20年(1887年)に伯爵に叙された際も2度にわたって辞退した。
- Taisuke ITAGAKI had the opinion that the kazoku system was against the concept of 'equality of all people,' and refused two times the offer of conferring the peerage of Hakusahaku in 1887.
- すべて国民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分又は門地により、政治的、経済的又は社会的関係において、差別されない。
- All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
- また、儒教を宗教として扱った場合、教義に平等思想が無い事と死後の世界の観念が無い事による死後の再評価ができない事も問題視されている。
- Additionally, if Ju-kyo is seen as a religion, the fact that its creed does not include the idea of equality, and that having no concept of the afterworld, reevaluation after death is not possible, is perceived as a problem.
- すべて國民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信條、性別、社會的身分又は門地により、政治的、經濟的又は社會的關係において、差別されない。
- All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
- これらの丹後庄守目堂三好氏、西辻水野氏、松塚桑山氏、池尻赤井氏、坊城曲川藤堂氏、平等坊山口氏は、それぞれ米手形形式の銀札を発行した。
- Each of these Tangonosho Morimedo-Miyoshi clan, Nishitsuji-Mizuno clan, Matsuzuka-Kuwayama clan, Ikejiri-Akai clan, Bojo Magarikawa-Todo clan, and Byodobo-Yamaguchi clan issued its gin-satsu in the Kome-tegata format.
- 「音の三井寺」、「銘の神護寺」、「姿、形の平等院」と謳われ、神護寺、園城寺(三井寺)の鐘とともに、「天下の三名鐘」に数えられている。
- The bell is celebrated for its form, and is counted among 'the top three bells' in the country along with that of Jingo-ji Temple celebrated for its inscriptions and that of Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) celebrated for its sound.
- その12家は平等ではなく指導的立場にある2家が2000石以上を食み、序列によって俸禄が定められていた(末席でも1000石であった)。
- Those 12 families were not equally ranked and their salaries were determined according to their ranks; two families in leading positions were paid not less than 2,000 koku (1,000 koku was paid for the lowest ranking family).
- 第一条で「朝鮮は自主の邦にして、日本国と平等の権利を保有せり」とうたいながらも第十条で片務的領事裁判権を規定する不平等条約であった。
- Although the treaty stated that 'Korea is independent and has rights equal to Japan' in Article 1, but in effect was unequal according to Article 10 providing a one-sided consular jurisdiction in Article 10.
- しかし、これには身分・家格を廃して四民平等を導入せねばならず、すなわち江戸時代の特権階級のうち最大の人口を占める武士の解体を意味する。
- However, the universal conscription required to abolish the social and family status and introduce the equality of all people, which meant nothing but the dissolution of the samurai class that accounted for the largest part of the privileged class in the Edo period.
- 10月には幕末に諸外国と結ばれた不平等条約の改正(条約改正)などを目的とした岩倉使節団が派遣され、留守政府において禄制改革は行われた。
- In October, the Iwakura Mission was dispatched for the purpose of revising unequal treaties which Japan had signed with foreign countries at the end of the Edo period, and the reform of stipend was implemented by Rusu-seifu.
- 金融商品会員制法人が解散した場合における残余財産は、定款又は総会の決議により別に定める場合のほか、会員に平等に分配しなければならない。
- The residual assets in the case of the dissolution of a Financial Instruments Membership Corporation shall be distributed equally among its members, unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of incorporation or resolution of a general meeting.
- 平等条約ではあったが、その内容は両国がともに欧米から押し付けられていた不平等条約の内容を相互に認め合うという極めて特異な内容であった。
- Although it was an equal treaty, the contents were extreamly unique that the both countries approved each other the contents of the unequal treaty which both of them were respectively imposed by Europe and America.
- なお、白水阿弥陀堂(福島県)と富貴寺大堂(大分県)は、藤原頼通が宇治市に建立した平等院鳳凰堂とともに「三大阿弥陀堂」と称することがある。
- Shiramizu Amida-do Hall (Fukushima Prefecture) and Fuki-ji Temple O-do Hall (Oita prefecture) are referred to as 'The three major Amida-do Halls,' together with Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple which FUJIWARA no Yorimichi had built in Uji City.
- また条約改正の分野でも、メキシコとの間に平等条約である日墨修好通商条約を締結することに成功、列強との条約改正交渉も順調に行くかに見えた。
- As for the revision of treaty, he achieved to conclude Japan-Mexico Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation which was an equal treaty with Mexico, so the negotiation for the unequal treaty with the powerful countries seemed to be going well.
- 労働時間の制限、鉱山・鉄道・工場・土地の国有化、全ての生産物の平等な分配、一般大衆のための上流階級の廃止といったことが要求の内容である。
- Limitations of the hours of labour, the nationalisation of mines, railways, factories, and the soil, the equal distribution of all products, the elimination of all the upper classes for the benefit of the popular classes, &c., such are these claims.
- 集積回路記憶装置チップは情報をどんな順序ででも蓄積させるまたはアクセスさせることを可能にし、また全ての蓄積場所は平等にアクセス可能である
- an integrated circuit memory chip allows information to be stored or accessed in any order and all storage locations are equally accessible
- 宇治平等院鳳凰堂(阿弥陀堂)の色紙形の執筆やその筆跡から「桂本万葉集」や「高野切」第二種など一連の古筆が兼行の筆によるものとされている。
- The letters on Shikishigami of Uji Byodo-in Temple Hoo-do (Phoenix Hall), also called Amida-do (Amitabha Buddha Hall), were written by Kaneyuki, and based on the handwriting of these letters, a cluster of ancient writings, such as 'Katsura-bon Manyoshu' (Katsura manuscript of 'Manyoshu,' the oldest anthology of waka in Japan) and the Second 'Koyagire' (Fragment from 'Kokin Waka Shu,' the poetry anthology), are supposed to have been handwritten by Kaneyuki.
- 性差別の問題、一切において平等という教義の問題から女性に、「尼」の字をつけない場合がある(本願寺派では現在、得度式・帰敬式には用いない)。
- The character '尼' is sometimes not used for females in consideration of the doctrine which is supposed to be totally equal in terms of gender (now, it is not used in Tokudo-shiki and Okamisori in Hongan-ji school).
- この禅定寺領は延久元年(1071年)、平等院に寄進され、禅定寺は平等院の末寺となった(それ以前は東大寺に平崇が建てた正法院の末であった)。
- In 1071, after the rice fields and vegetable fields belonging to Zenjo-ji Temple were donated to Byodoin Temple, Zenjo-ji Temple became a branch temple of Byodoin Temple (until then, Zenjo-ji Temple was a branch temple of Shoboin Temple in Todai-ji Temple that was erected by Heisu).
- 江戸後期や四民平等となった明治には、女学校で礼儀作法が授業に取り入れられるなど、富裕層の町人も作法を学ぶようになるが、小笠原とは関係はない。
- In the late Edo period and Meiji period, which saw the introduction of equality for all people, girls' schools started teaching etiquette classes and affluent merchants were able to learn manners, although they were not related to Ogasawara.
- 改正の条件に外国人の裁判官をおくという別の不平等をもってきたことが、国内の反対を受けたのである(辞職後2ヶ月間三条実美内大臣が首相を兼任)。
- During the negotiations, he accepted the appointment of foreign judges in Japan as a condition for revising the treaty, but it meant accepting another unequal article and was opposed by the Japanese public (after Kuroda resigned, Naidaijin [Minister of the Center] Sanetomi SANJO concurrently served as Prime Minister for two months).
- また、これらの会議は、「廃刀令」「四民平等」以前に行われたため、薩長土肥以外の、特権を奪われまいとする武士たちの不満の発散所でしかなかった。
- Such assemblies predated the implementation of the 'Haitorei' decrees abolishing the wearing of swords in public and 'Shimin byodo' (equality of the four classes), and only provided a platform where samurai from domains other than Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Hizen gave vent to dissatisfaction, insisting on the protection of their privileges.
- アヘン戦争・アロー戦争後に締結された不平等条約によってすでに多くの実利を得た列強にとって、清朝が国際法を学ぶことは無論望ましいことであった。
- For powerful countries which had acquired a lot of practical advantages by unequal treaties concluded after the Opium War and the Arrow War, it was needless to say desirable that the Qing dynasty would learn international law.
- 一方、江華島条約の第1条には「朝鮮は自主独立の国であり、日本と平等な権利を有する」とあり、朝鮮は従来もっていた華夷秩序との葛藤が起こっていく。
- On the other hand, the first article of the Treaty of Ganghwa stated 'Korea is an independent country having rights equal to Japan,' which caused a conflict with the Chinese hegemony over Korea.
- 砂金の産出や中国との貿易等により莫大な経済力を蓄え、京都の宇治平等院を凌ぐ規模の無量光院跡を建立するなど、北方の地に王道楽土を現出させている。
- He gained enormous economic strength by the production of gold dust, trade with China and so on and established a realm of peace and prosperity in the northern land as in construction of Muryokoin Temple which exceeded Uji Byodoin Temple in Kyoto in scale.
- 当時の明治政府にとって解放令とは、「四民平等」理念による身分解放ではなく、「地租徴収」実施のためだけに出された形だけの身分解放に他ならなかった。
- Kaiho Rei for Meiji Government at that time was not abolition of the class system based on the philosophy of 'shimin byodo' but only a formal abolition of the class system enacted just to proceed 'chiso choshu (collection of land tax)'.
- 日本にとっては初めての(アジア除く)(治外法権が無く、関税自主権のある)平等条約であり、メキシコにとってはアジアの国と初めて締結した条約であった。
- It was the first equal treaty for Japan (with a non-Asian country), which did not include extraterritoriality but tariff autonomy, and the first treaty with an Asian country for Mexico.
- 五智如来(ごちにょらい)は、五大如来ともいい、密教で5つの知恵(法界体性智、大円鏡智、平等性智、妙観察智、成所作智)を5体の如来にあてはめたもの。
- The Gochi Nyorai, also known as Godai Nyorai, are five nyorai (tathagatas) associated with the five wisdoms of esoteric Buddhism (wisdom of the essence of the Dharma-realm, great perfect mirror wisdom, wisdom of equality, wisdom of wondrous observation, wisdom of accomplishing that which is to be done).
- 朝鮮最初の条約が不平等条約であったのは、日本側の砲艦外交の結果でもあるが、国際法や条約体制に関し、朝鮮側が関心を払っていなかったことも要因である。
- The first treaty, which Korea concluded was an unequal treaty due to the gunboat diplomacy of Japan but it is also pointed out that Korea did not pay attention to it.
- 2001年 第48回日本伝統工芸展にて「截金飾筥 シルクロード幻想」が高松宮記念賞を受賞 / 京都宇治平等院の雲中供養菩薩(国宝)の復元製作に参加
- 2001: 'Saikin kazaribako Silk Road Illusion' was awarded the 48th Takamatsunomiya Memorial Award at the Japan Traditional Art Crafts Exhibition and participated in reconstruction of 'Unchu Kuyo Bosatsu' (National Treasure) in Kyoto Uji-byodoin Temple.
- 切妻造・平入の屋根を葺きおろし、母屋もやの前方に庇を付けて前側の流れを長くした形式である流造によって建造されており、平等院の鎮守とされた神社である。
- This was constructed in kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof); the roof of hirairi (the entrance to a building constructed parallel to the ridge of the roof, usually on the long side of the building) was sheeted, and an eave was attached to the front of the moya (the central space under the main roof of the shinden hall) of the main housing to make the front side longer, and it was a shrine regarded as chinju (local Shinto deity) of Byodo-in Temple.
- 不平等条約(ふびょうどうじょうやく)とは、条約の性質に基づいてなされた分類の一種で、ある国家が他の国家に、自国民などに対する権力作用を認めない条約。
- An unequal treaty is a category that is formed on the basis of the nature of the treaty, under which one state does not approve the enforcement of authority by another state over nationals of the former state.
- 不平等条約的性格が看取されるのは、この時貿易規則とは別に、宮本小一から趙寅熙に渡された公文(「修好条規付録に付属する往復文書」)の中においてである。
- The character as an unequal treaty can be seen in the official document ('the correspondence attached to the appendix of the treaty of amity') which was handed over from Okazu MIYAMOTO to In Hee CHO, apart from the trade regulations.
- 1874年の民撰議院設立建白書以降、藩閥政府による政治に対して、議会の開設、地租の軽減、不平等条約の改正、言論と集会の自由の保障などの要求を掲げた。
- The movement began when a petition for the establishment of an elected national assembly was filed in 1874 calling for a Diet, the land-tax reductions, the revision of the unequal treaties, and freedom of speech and assembly in opposition to the han clique-dominated government.
- 京都の神護寺、宇治の平等院の鐘と共に「平安三絶の鐘」として知られているもので、四面に菅原道真撰で、小野道風の書と伝えられる陽鋳の銘文が施されている。
- Along with the bell in Jingo-ji Temple in Kyoto and the one in Byodo-in Temple in Uji, it is known as one of 'Heian Sanzetsu no Kane (Heian's Three Best Bells),' and on its four sides there are bulged inscriptions of the words chosen by SUGAWARA no Michizane and calligraphed by ONO no Michikaze.
- また双方の面に平等で隔てなく注意を払い、双方の論拠を最大限の知力をつくして了解しようと努めてきた人を除けば、それは本当のところ分かりはしないのです。
- nor is it ever really known, but to those who have attended equally and impartially to both sides, and endeavoured to see the reasons of both in the strongest light.
- 25日夜、園城寺も危険になり、頼政は以仁王とともに南都(奈良)興福寺へ向かうが、夜間の行軍で以仁王が疲労して落馬し、途中の宇治平等院で休息を取った。
- On the night of the 26th, as the insurgent forces felt danger even at Onjo-ji Temple, Yorimasa headed for Kofuku-ji Temple in Nanto (Nara) together with Prince Mochihito, but the prince fell off from the horse out of fatigue during a retreat in the night, and they stopped at Uji Byodoin Temple to rest on their way.
- そして、平知盛・平重衡率いる平氏の大軍によって、同年5月に宇治の平等院で源頼政一族は敗死することになるが、この挙兵が後6年間にわたる内乱の契機となる。
- Therefore, the large force of Taira clan troops led by TAIRA no Tomomori and TAIRA no Shigehira destroyed MINAMOTO no Yorimasa's family at Byodo-in Temple in Uji in May of that year, and this became the start of an internal rebellion that lasted for 6 years.
- しかし昭和22年(1947年)、貴族制度の禁止と法の下の平等を定める日本国憲法の施行とともに、華族制度は廃止され、日本における貴族身分は終焉を迎えた。
- However, when the Constitution of Japan, stipulating the prohibition of the Kizoku system and equality under the law, was enforced, the Kazoku system was abolished, ending the Kizoku status in Japan.
- 彼らは欧米列強が直ちに不平等条約を破棄しなとしたいならば、日本も安政条約の原則通りに外国人に対して外国人居留地以外の居住を認めず貿易を統制するとした。
- They insisted that the allied western powers abolish the unequal treaties immediately, otherwise Japan would abide by the basic principles, stated in the Ansei Treaties, to prohibit foreign residents from living outside foreign settlements and to restrict trading activities.
- その時代には、「一揆は強者たる武士からの抑圧に対する、弱者たる民衆の決死の反抗であり、平等意識のもとで強固な団結力を持っていた」とみなす一揆観があった。
- A view of ikki in that period asserts that ikki was a do-or-die rebellion among the commoners, or the weak, against suppression by samurai warriors (the strong), and the ikki had strong solidarity under the consciousness of equality.
- これは、改革掛には渋沢や前島密など郷士や農民などから幕臣を経て明治政府に仕官した者が多く、早くから人権の確立や四民平等の必要性を自覚していた層であった。
- It so happened because most of those in charge of revision took service with Meiji Government through being goshi (country samurais) or farmers like SHIBUSAWA and Hisoka MAEJIMA and they were of the stratum who were aware of the necessity of the establishment of human rights and the equality of all people early.
- 頼政は以仁王を逃すべく平等院に籠って抵抗するが多勢に無勢で、子の仲綱や宗綱や兼綱が次々に討ち死にあるいは自害し、頼政も渡辺唱の介錯で腹を切って自害した。
- Yorimasa and his forces barricaded themselves in Byodoin Temple to oppose the attacking forces in order to let Prince Mochihito flee, but the Taira forces far outnumbered Yorimasa's, with his son Nakatsuna as well as Munetsuna and Kanetsuna being killed in action or having committed suicide one after another; Yorimasa finally committed suicide with WATANABE no Tonau serving as his suicide assistance.
- ダム湖は1987年(昭和62年)に平等院鳳凰堂が近いこと、ドーム形アーチ式である堤体の形が、羽を広げた鳳凰に見えること等に因んで「鳳凰湖」と名付けられた。
- The lake was named 'Lake Ho-o' in 1987, because it is close to Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple and the dam body looks like a ho-o (a phoenix) with its wings extended.
- 8項目からなる党の理想とは人類同胞主義、軍備全廃、階級制度全廃、土地・資本の公有、交通機関の公有、公平な財富の分配、参政権の平等、教育の公費負担であった。
- The eight ideals were as follows: universal fraternity, total disarmament, complete abolition of class system, public ownership of land and capital, public ownership of transportation facilities, equitable distribution of wealth, equality of political rights, and education at public expense.
- 事実検証についても不平等条約の壁に阻まれ満足な解決が得られず、裁判では、下記のように証言したジョン・ウイリアム・ドレーク船長らイギリス人全員が無罪となった。
- In fact, the inspection was blocked by the unequal treaty, which made it impossible to reach an acceptable solution, and Captain John William Drake and all the other British crew members who testified at the trial as follows were acquitted.
- 政府は、赤字財政健全化のため、生産活動をせずに俸禄を受けている特権階級の士族の廃止を目的に四民平等を謳い、1873年に徴兵制、1876年に秩禄処分を行った。
- To rebuild the deficit-ridden finance into a more sound one, the national government introduced a conscription system in 1873 and Chitsuroku-shobun (an abolition measure of hereditary stipend) in 1876, appealing equality of all people in order to abolish the warrior class, a privileged class the persons in which could receive salary without being engaged in any productive activity.
- 忠実の厚い信任の下、宇治成楽院御堂供養や宇治平等院一切経会、あるいは忠実の息女である高陽院藤原泰子の葬儀において、中心的な役割を担ったことでも知られている。
- Winning the full confidence of Tadazane, he is also known to have played a key role in Kuyo (services held for the deceased) at Mi-do Hall of Uji Joraku-in Temple, in Issaikyoe at Uji Byodo-in Temple, and in the funeral of Kayano-in FUJIWARA no Taishi, a daughter of Tadazane.
- 観世栄夫によると、能楽協会における暗黙の了解として玄人には平等に仕事を斡旋することとなっており、シテ方の場合は年間で30番程度の舞台をこなしているとされる。
- According to Hideo KANZE, there is a tacit consensus in the Nohgaku Performers' Association to equally offer jobs to Kuroto, and it is said that Shitekata performs in about 30 stages per year.
- 置文によれば、平等寺は桓武天皇の皇子で桓武平氏の祖である葛原親王(かずらわらしんのう、786 - 853)の創建で、太秦(うずまさ、現京都市右京区)に所在。
- This will and testament states that Byodo-ji Temple was founded by Imperial Prince Kazurawara (786 - 853), the son of the Emperor Kanmu and the ancestor or Kanmu Heishi (Taira clan), and situated in Uzumasa (in present-day Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City).
- 律令制では、王土王民および一君万民の理念のもと、人民(百姓)に対し一律平等に耕作地を支給し、その代償として、税・労役・兵役が同じく一律平等に課せられていた。
- Under the Ritsuryo system, based on the ideas of odo omin and ikkun banmin, cultivated land was granted equally to the people (peasants) who, in return, had to provide taxes, labor, and military service.
- 元は藤氏長者としての所領を中核としていたが、後には氏院である勧学院や同流ゆかりの寺院である法成寺や平等院などの寺院領が摂関家の家領として扱われるようになった。
- Originally, the shoryo the family owned as the chieftain of the Fujiwara clan mainly accounted for the family's holdings; but later, the kangakuin (a school founded in Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto]) which was Uji no In (celebrated villa), jiinryo (the holdings of a temple) such as of Hosei-ji Temple or Byodo-in Temple which were temples closely related with the line of the house, became treated as keryo of the Sekkan-ke (the Fujiwara regent's line).
- 以仁王は30騎に守られて辛うじて平等院から脱出したが、藤原景高の軍勢に追いつかれ、山城国相楽郡光明山鳥居の前で、敵の矢に当たって落馬したところを討ち取られた。
- Prince Mochihito, protected by 30 cavalry, just barely managed to escape from Byodoin temple, but was chased by FUJIWARA no Kagetaka's forces, and was killed after being struck by an arrow and falling from his horse in front of the torii (shrine gate) of Komyozan (Gantoku-ji temple) in Soraku district of Yamashiro province.
- 普請(ふしん)とは、普く(あまねく)請う(こう)とも読み広く平等に奉仕(資金・労力・資金の提供)を願う事であり、社会基盤を地域住民で作り維持していく事を指す。
- Fushin (普請), where fu (普) means widely and shin (請) means asking for help, refers to a request for widespread and equal community service (monetary support, labor support, financial assistance), where a whole community is asked to build and maintain public infrastructures.
- 全ての人間がもつ資格があり、その実行については政府が干渉すべきではない基本的な権利や自由(生存と自由に対する権利、および思想と表現の自由と法の前の平等を含む)
- any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
- 19世紀から20世紀初頭にかけて、帝国主義列強はアジア諸国に対して、条約港の割譲や在留外国人の治外法権承認、領土の割譲や租借など不平等な内容の条約を押し付けた。
- From the 19th century to the early 20th century, powerful imperialist countries imposed on Asian countries treaties containing unequal provisions including the cession of treaty ports, approval of extraterritoriality of foreign residents, and cession or lease of territory.
- つまりすべての人は生まれながらにして平等であり、すべての人は神より侵されざるべき権利を与えられている、その権利には、生命、自由、そして幸福の追求が含まれている。
- that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
- つまり、渋沢・杉浦の「四民平等」を追求した人権論に根ざした早期開放論も、大木・大江の「生活改善」による格差是正後の漸進開放論も最初から無かった事にされてしまった。
- That is to say that both of the opinion of early emancipation based on human rights contention pursuing 'shimin byodo (equality of all people)' by SHIBUSAWA and SUGIURA and the opinion of gradual emancipation after a correction of a gap through 'bettering of life ' by OKI and OE were completely disregarded.
- 明治21年(1888年)、駐米公使となり、同年、駐米公使兼駐メキシコ公使として、メキシコとの間に日本最初の平等条約である日墨修好通商条約を締結することに成功する。
- In 1888, he became Resident Envoy to the United States; in the same year, he succeeded in concluding the Japan-Mexico Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Japan's first equal treaty, with Mexico as Resident Envoy to the United States and Resident Envoy to Mexico.
- 『万国公法』は、国際社会が遵守すべき法規として受け取られ、また理念として世界中の国家が平等である権利(「万国並立の権」・「諸国平行の権」)を有することを説いていた。
- 'Bankoku Koho' was recognized as law which international society should abide by and it also referred to the right to equality of nations in the world (such as '万国並立の権,' '諸国平行の権').
- 第二種と同筆または同系統の筆跡としては、平等院鳳凰堂壁画色紙形、桂宮本万葉集(御物)、雲紙本和漢朗詠集(三の丸尚蔵館蔵)、関戸本和漢朗詠集切(諸家分蔵)などがある。
- Examples of brushwork in the same or closely related hand as that of the second style include the colored headboard of a wall painting in Phoenix Hall of Byodoin temple, the Katsuranomiya manuscript of the Manyoshu (owned by the Imperial House), the Kumogami manuscripts of the Wakan roeishu (in the possession of the Sannomaru Shozokan), and the Sekito manuscripts of the Wakan roeishu-gire (owned by a variety of families).
- その対策として発行された万延小判の品位の低さなどにより諸物価が高騰、開国策・不平等条約への批判が噴出し、外国人排斥の攘夷思想が次第に隆盛し、各地で異人斬りが横行する。
- In responce to the situation the government issued Manen oval gold coins, but the low quality of the coins led to steep inflation, triggering severe criticism of the unequal treaty and opening of the country and a growing anti-foreigner movement, provoking the rampant killing of Westerners in many places in the country.
- 国民には、江戸時代の自由の制限をなくし、身分の撤廃を行い四民平等とし、日本全国の行き来の自由を認め、職業の選択の自由や、散髪帯刀の自由など様々なことを改革していった。
- With regard to the citizens, the government lifted various restrictions on freedoms that existed during the Edo period whereby the social standing system was abolished and replaced by one that made all people equal, as well as various other reforms such as freedom to travel across the country, freedom to choose occupations, freedom to have closely cut hair and freedom to carry a sword in belt.
- 憲法修正第13条と第14条、およびそれに続く、法律的、社会的、経済的平等の権利を含む法律によって保障される、特に基本的自由および権利を含む市民権によって人に属する権利
- right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
- また、こうした訴訟体制の不備が日本の開国後に欧米列強から、欧米並みの私権の法的保護を受けられないとする証拠とされ、治外法権などの不平等条約を押し付けられる一因となった
- This deficiency in the system for lawsuits was one reason why the Western powers were unable to give Japan legal protection for its private rights equal to those of Western countries after it opened itself up to the rest of the world; consequently, Japan was forced to accept unequal treaties such those granting extraterritorial rights.
- 配偶者の選択、財産権、相続、住居の選定、離婚並びに婚姻及び家族に関するその他の事項に関しては、法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等に立脚して、制定されなければならない。
- With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
- 植民地化されずに自力で近代化への改革をなした日本は、明治27年(1894年)にはイギリスと条約改正を成し遂げ、これを皮切りに江戸時代末期以来の不平等条約の解消を進めた。
- Successfully reforming itself to a modern nation without becoming a colony of another country, in 1894, Japan accomplished a treaty revision with England which started the process of terminating an unequal treaty that had existed since the end of the Edo period.
- 配偶者の選擇、財產權、相續、住居の選定、離婚竝びに婚姻及び家族に關するその他の事項に關しては、法律は、個人の尊嚴と兩性の本質的平等に立脚して、制定されなければならない。
- With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
- 配偶者の選擇、財産權、相續、住居の選定、離婚竝びに婚姻及び家族に關するその他の事項に關しては、法律は、個人の尊嚴と兩性の本質的平等に立脚して、制定されなければならない。
- With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes.
- 長承元年(1132年)9月24日、上皇が宇治に御幸して平等院の経蔵を見物した際、藤原忠実は他人を絶対に入れない方針を破り、家成を特別に経蔵の中に入れた(『続古事談』)。
- On September 24, 1132 when the retired Emperor visited Uji to inspect kyozo (sutra repository) of Byodoin Temple, FUJIWARA no Tadazane exceptionally permitted Ienari to enter kyozo in violation of the policy prohibiting the entry of outsiders. ('Zoku kojidan')
- 近世以降は曹洞宗の禅寺となっているが、元は東大寺の末寺であり、平等院や藤原摂関家ともゆかりの深い寺院で、本尊十一面観音立像をはじめ、平安時代にさかのぼる仏像群を有する。
- Although this temple has become a Zen temple (a temple belonging to the Zen sect) of the Soto Sect after the early-modern times, it was originally a branch temple of Todai-ji Temple and deeply associated with Byodoin Temple and the FUJIWARA Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), and has a group of Buddhist statues such as the Honzon standing statue of an Eleven-faced Kannon dating back to the Heian period.
- 領事裁判権を認め、関税自主権を喪失し、かつ片務的最恵国待遇を課した拙速な不平等条約であり、同様な条約がイギリス・フランス・オランダ・ロシアとも結ばれた(安政五ヶ国条約)。
- The treaty was unequal, granting consular jurisdiction and tariff autonomy to the US, and imposing on Japan a necessity to provide most favored nation status to the US; moreover, similar treaties were concluded with Britain, France, the Netherland, and Russia; eventually those treaties were called the Ansei treaties with five nations.
- 大隈の外交手腕を評価する伊藤は、不平等条約改正のため、政敵である大隈を外務大臣 (日本)として選び、明治21年(1888年)2月より、大隈は外務大臣 (日本)に就任した。
- Appreciative of Okuma's ability for diplomacy, Ito chose his political enemy Okuma as the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) for the revision of an unequal treaty, and he assumed the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) in February 1888.
- また徐々に南京条約をはじめとする諸条約は天朝が夷狄に与える恩寵であるというよりも、むしろ不平等条約であるということも意識されるようになり、その改正が外交目標となっていった。
- Against the thought that unequal treaties, starting Treaty of Nanking were grace given by the Qing dynasty, unequal sides of treaties were gradually recognized, and revision of those treaties was set as diplomatic objectives.
- さらに「昭和新政の最も大なる眼目」は、女子に対する高等教育の拡充にあると断じ、「男女同権」こそが「文化社会の最高理想」という徹底的な両性平等論を展開した(『中川家文書』)。
- Moreover, he declared that 'the biggest objective in the Showa new administration' was to enhance women's higher education, and developed his theory of absolute equality of the sexes, insisting the 'equal right of men and women' was the highest ideal of the cultured nation.
- 1874年(明治7年)、前年のいわゆる明治六年の政変(征韓論の争議)に敗れて下野した副島種臣、板垣退助、後藤象二郎、江藤新平等が連署して、民撰議院設立建白書を左院に提出した。
- In 1874, Taneomi SOEJIMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shojiro GOTO and Shinpei ETO who resigned from their post due to the political upheaval in 1873 (the dispute of Seikanron [debate on subjugation of Korea]) submitted a political statement for democratic representatives in their joint names.
- これは中国がイギリスと結んだ南京条約(1842年)、日本がアメリカと結んだ日米修好通商条約(1858年)と同様、治外法権の認定など、結ばされた側にとっての不平等条約であった。
- Similar to the Treaty of Nanjing between China and England of 1842 and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce concluded between the United States and Japan in 1858, it was an unequal treaty for Korea as it granted extraterritoriality amongst other provisions.
- 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第一』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第二』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第三』、『佛説無量清淨平等覺經卷第四』 後漢月支國三藏支婁迦讖譯。
- The titles of the original sutras were 'Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment' (Volumes 1 to 4) translated by the early monk Lokaksema (also known as 支婁迦讖 Zhī Lóujiāchèn in Chinese and Shirukasen in Japanese) in the late Han Dynasty.
- 江戸幕府が日米和親条約や日米修好通商条約で長崎、下田、箱館、横浜などの開港や在留外国人の治外法権を認めるなどの不平等条約を結ばされ、明治初期には条約改正が外交課題となっていた。
- The Edo Shogunate was forced to conclude unequal treaties, namely, the Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States and Japan and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan, which prescribed the opening of ports including Nagasaki, Shimoda, Hakodate and Yokohama, and approval of extraterritoriality of foreign residents, and therefore the revisions of the treaties were a diplomatic issue in the early Meiji period.
- 朝鮮が清朝の冊封から独立した国家主権を持つ独立国であることを明記したが、片務的領事裁判権の設定や関税自主権の喪失といった不平等条約的条項を内容とすることなどが、その特徴である。
- It was described in the treaty that Korea was a nation independent from the tributary system of the Qing dynasty, holding state sovereign power, however it was characteristic of an unequal treaty with the provisions describing the establishment of one-sided consular jurisdiction and the loss of tariff autonomy.
- 樺太は、幕末から明治初頭にかけての不平等条約で一旦喪失したが、1905年調印のポーツマス条約により、緯度50度線以南が日本領に復帰した(もともと共通法で内地とされ準内地的扱い。
- Although Japan once lost its sovereignty over Sakhalin as a result of unequal treaties signed from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, the southern area below latitude 50 degrees was reverted to Japan after the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905 (it was originally defined as the inland by the Common law and was treated as a quasi-territory.
- 両締約国は、主権及び領土保全の相互尊重、相互不可侵、内政に対する相互不干渉、平等及び互恵並びに平和共存の諸原則の基礎の上に、両国間の恒久的な平和友好関係を発展させるものとする。
- The Contracting Parties shall develop relations of perpetual peace and friendship between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence.
- それ故「妻妾論」では夫婦は必ず平等であるべきであって、家父長専制は文明に悖る、女性には家庭内の要である妻としての役割、教育を担う母としての役割があって、それを尊重すべきとした。
- Therefore, in 'A theory of wives and concubines' he insisted that husband and wife should be always equal, patriarchal authority was against civilization and that women had a role as a wife, a key person in a family, and a mother who was in charge of education, which should be respected.
- 黒田内閣の役目は、憲法制定と帝国議会開設によって再燃が予想された自由民権運動に対する取締り強化と、欧米列強との間に交わされたままとなっていた不平等条約の条約改正することであった。
- The purpose of Kuroda Cabinet was to enhance the control of Jiyu Minken Undo (democratic-rights movement) which would be rekindled due to the establishment of the constitution and the foundation of the imperial diet, and also to revise the unequal treaty which had been untouched since it was concluded with the allied western powers.
- 法隆寺西院伽藍・夢殿、薬師寺東塔、東大寺(法華堂など)、唐招提寺(金堂など)、平等院鳳凰堂、中尊寺中尊寺金色堂、三十三間堂、鹿苑寺(金閣寺)、慈照寺(銀閣寺)、清水寺、日光東照宮
- Garan of Saiin (West Precinct) and Yumedono (Hall of Dreams) of Horyu-ji Temple, Yakushi-ji Toto (East Pagoda), Todai-ji Temple (Hokke-do Hall, etc.), Toshodai-ji Temple (Kondo (main building with a principal image of the temple), etc.), Hoo-do Hall (the Phoenix Pavilion) of Byodo-in Temple, Chuson-ji Temple, Chuson-ji Temple Konjiki-do (golden hall), Sanjusangendo Temple, Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple), Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple), Kiyomizu-dera Temple, and Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine
- 両締約国は、善隣友好の精神に基づき、かつ、平等及び互恵並びに内政に対する相互不干渉の原則に従い、両国間の経済関係及び文化関係の一層の発展並びに両国民の交流の促進のために努力する。
- The Contracting parties shall, in the good-neighborly and friendly spirit and in conformity with the principles of equality and mutual benefit and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, endeavor to further develop economic and cultural relations between the two countries and to promote exchanges between the peoples of the two countries.
- 定朝が制作した法成寺(藤原道長が建立した寺)などの仏像はことごとく失われ、晩年の作品である平等院像は、彼の作風を具体的に知ることのできる唯一の遺品として、きわめて貴重なものである。
- The works of Jocho that were kept at temples including Hojo-ji Temple (the temple constructed by FUJIWARA no Michinaga) have all been lost and the statue at Byodo-in Temple that he created in his last years is extremely valuable as the only extant piece that can be definitively verified as his work.
- さらに3の条件は、具体的には不平等条約の撤廃・平等な条約の再締結によって達成されるが、それは既存の「文明国」、つまり西欧国家にどれほど近似しているかという主観的な点から判断された。
- The third condition would be achieved by abolishment of unequal treaties and conclusion of equal treaties, but whether those measures would be taken or not depended on subjective judgment to decide how the country was close to existing 'civilized countries,' Western countries.
- “縛”は罪人を捕縛する意、“雙世”は彼が世中、常に苦楽の2つの報いを受ける意、“雙王”は兄妹一対で2人並びたる王の意、また“平等”は罪人を平等に裁くとの意から、これらの和訳がある。
- Such Japanese translations are derived from the respective meaning of Chinese character, namely 'Baku (縛),' which means capturing criminals, 'sosei (雙世),' which means always suffering the consequences of pain and joy; 'soo (雙王),' which means a king consisting of a paired brother and sister, and 'byodo (平等),' which means the fair judgment of criminals.
- はじめ天台宗の教学を学んだ法然は、承安 (日本)5年(1175年)、もっぱら阿弥陀仏の誓いを信じ「南無阿弥陀仏」と念仏を唱えれば、死後は平等に往生できるという専修念仏の教えを説いた。
- Honen who first learned religious doctrines of the Tendai sect preached the teachings of Senju Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu) in 1175; everybody has an equal chance to go to heaven if one believed the oath of Amida Buddha and said the prayer of 'Namuamidabutsu,'
- しかし、歴史書に名をとどめるこれらの大伽藍も今は跡形もなく、平安時代の貴族が建立した寺院が建物、仏像、壁画、庭園まで含めて残存するという点で、平等院はかけがえのない存在となっている。
- However, not a trace remains of these once great temple complexes - a fact that makes Byodo-in Temple, established by Heian period nobles and with its surviving architecture, Buddhist imagery, wall paintings and gardens irreplaceable.
- しかし1888年11月30日には駐米公使兼駐メキシコ公使だった陸奥宗光が、メキシコ日本との関係との間にアジア以外の国とは初めての平等条約である日墨修好通商条約を締結することに成功する。
- However, on November 30, 1888, the Minister-Counselor to the United States as well as to Mexico Munemitsu MUTSU succeeded in the conclusion of the Mexican-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce, which was the first equal treaty apart from those with the Asian countries.
- 藤原道長建立の法成寺(廃絶)、白河天皇発願の法勝寺(廃絶)、平等院鳳凰堂などでは池の西岸に阿弥陀堂が建ち、現世において彼岸(阿弥陀如来の住する西方極楽浄土)を拝するという意味があった。
- In Hojo-ji Temple (defunct) built by FUJIWARA no Michinaga, Hossho-ji Temple, as erected at the wish of the Emperor Shirakawa, and Byodoin Hoodo (the Phoenix Hall or Amida Hall of Byodoin), etc., to the west of a pond is where the Amida hall was constructed, which symbolized reverence to higan (the Western paradise where Amitabha dwells) in this world.
- その後、朝露密約がされるが、そのような経緯の中で井上角五郎等から具に事情を聞いた福澤諭吉らは、ここに至り事大主義、小中華思想で、平等や義や独立の精神に反する朝鮮王朝政府に見切りをつけた。
- Later on, when a secret agreement was signed between Korea and Russia and Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others who heard about it from Kakugoro INOUE, they gave up on the government of the Korean Dynasties that were against equality, righteousness and independence with their Sadaejuui policy and petit Sinocentrism.
- 特に薩長は全国の他の諸藩よりも圧倒的に藩政改革が早く、不平等条約による開国という状況や幕末という時代変化にいち早く対応していたため、殉国者含め、倒幕の立役者となる人材を多く輩出していた。
- Especially Satcho, having started domain duty reform far earlier than the other domains, were quick to deal with the uncertainties of the changing times such as the chaotic situation caused by the opening Japan to the world by the Unequal Treaty and the ending of the Edo period, so they threw up many major figures in the overthrow of the Shogunate including martyrs.
- 平等院が創建された永承7年(1052年)は、当時の思想ではまさに「末法」の元年に当たっており、当時の貴族は極楽往生を願い、西方極楽浄土の教主とされる阿弥陀如来を祀る仏堂を盛んに造営した。
- The thinking at the time of Byodo-in Temple's founding in 1052 coincided with the first year of the 'Third Age of Buddhism' and members of the noble classes prayed to be reborn in paradise and built numerous Buddha halls devoted to Western Pure Land Paradise overseer, Amitabha.
- いわゆる日本主義者が、『日本 (新聞)』を舞台に政府の外交方針と自由民権運動の民力休養路線の双方を批判して、強硬的な外交政策による不平等条約解消とその裏付けとなる軍事力の拡張を主張した。
- So-called 'Japanese nationalist' criticized the line of reducing the national burden which were the government diplomatic policies and the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in 'Japan (newspaper)' and advocated dissolution of unequal treaty with the forceful diplomacy and to expand the military force.
- 大和絵と呼ばれる日本的な絵画が発達し、仏教絵画、月次絵や四季絵と呼ばれた景物を描いた障屏画(山水屏風など)や壁画(平等院鳳凰堂扉絵など)が描かれたが仏教絵画を除いて少数しか現存していない。
- The Japanese style of painting called Yamato-e was developed and this produced Buddhist painting, painting of natural features on walls and folding screens called 'Tsukinami-no-e' and 'Shiki-e' (such as Senzui Byobu [folding screen with landscape picture]) and painting on walls (such as tobira-e [the frontispiece] of the Hoo-do Hall of Byodo-in Temple) but except Buddhist paintings, few paintings remain.
- 結果から言えば「妻妾論論争」は、夫婦間の私的な空間における男女平等については積極的な問題提起をしたが、公的な空間における政治的・社会的な男女同権については消極的姿勢に甘んじたと言って良い。
- As a result, it can be said that 'a dispute on wives and concubines' raised questions about the equal between men and women at a private space between husband and wife, but that it was passive against the equal of political and social rights between men and women.
- 不平等条約における片務的最恵国待遇についても、当初は不平等であるという意識すらなく、「一視同仁」(中国はそれ以外の夷狄を平等に扱う)という儒教的観点から中華が夷狄に与える恩恵と考えていた。
- With regards to one-sided most-favored-nation treatment based on unequal treaties, it was not considered unfair at first but as benefits for iteki given by China based on a thought '一視同仁' (China treats all iteki equally).
- 江戸幕府を倒した薩摩藩・長州藩などの攘夷派を中心とした明治政府も、明治2年(1869年)に政府として改めて開国を決定して、以後は不平等条約の撤廃(条約改正)が外交課題となっていくことになる。
- The Meiji government, lead by the Satsuma and Choshu clans, which had defeated the Edo bakufu, decided to open the country in 1869 and abolish the unequal treaties..
- 科学的及び技術的な利益は、核融合エネルギーの研究の目的のために締約者間で平等に配分されるものであるが、事業の実施に関連するその他の利益は、衡平の原則に基づいて配分されるものであることを認識し、
- RECOGNIZING that while scientific and technological benefits will be shared equally among the Parties for fusion energy research purposes, other benefits associated with the implementation of the Project will be shared on an equitable basis;
- 以後、西欧と同じ「文明国」(=富強国)とならなければ、不平等条約を解消し、「万国公法」の恩典には与れないという考えが広がっていき、西欧列強をモデルとした富国強兵改革が推進される思想的要因となった。
- Later, as spreading of thought that to be a civilized country (equal to a strong country) was necessary to dissolve unequal treaties and reap a benefit of 'Bankoku Koho,' the thought became a factor to promote fukoku kyohei reform (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) aiming powerful western countries.
- ヨーロッパ諸国が主導して形成した近代外交体制は基本的に主権平等主義に基づき、対等国同士の外交という形式を取っていたため、この外交体制の拡大とともに華夷秩序も徐々に変容あるいは解体されることとなった。
- Since the modern system of foreign relations that had been forged by European countries was based on the principle of sovereign equality, in other words, the diplomacy between independent nations, the order of kai was forced to change or dissolve according to the development of such system of foreign relations.
- すべて国民は、この法律の適用について、平等に取り扱われ、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地又は第三十八条第五号に規定する場合を除くの外政治的意見若しくは政治的所属関係によつて、差別されてはならない。
- In the application of this Act, all citizens shall be accorded equal treatment and shall not be discriminated against by reason of race, religious faith, sex, social status, family origin, or political opinions or affiliation except as provided for in item 5 of Article 38.
- 「最勝恵印三昧耶法」の「最勝」とは大日如来の異名であり、「恵」とは三学(戒・定・慧)の智慧(恵)を意味し、「印」は手に結ぶ印契(いんげい)で決定(けつじょう)不変を表し、「三昧耶」は平等を意味する。
- Of the Chinese characters comprising 'Saisho Ein Sanmaya Ho' (最勝恵印三昧耶法), 'Saisho' (最勝) is another name of Dainichi Nyorai, 'E' (恵) means wisdom, one of the sangaku (three kinds of practices: precept, rule and wisdom), 'in' (印) means a kind of symbol made by the combination of fingers that represents absolute decision, and 'Sanmaya' (三昧耶) means equality, respectively.
- 浄土院は明応年間(1492-1501年)、最勝院は承応3年(1654年)の創始であり、平等院が浄土・天台両宗の共同管理となったのは、天和 (日本)元年(1681年)、寺社奉行の裁定によるものである。
- Jodo-in Temple was founded between 1492-1501, Saisho-in Temple was founded in 1654 and it was in 1681 that Byodo-in Temple came to be jointly managed by both the Jodo and Tendai Sects following a ruling passed by the magistrate of shrines and temples.
- この方式の庭園は、仏教の浄土思想の影響を大きく受けたものであり、平等院鳳凰堂に代表されるように、極楽浄土の世界を再現しようとしたため金堂や仏堂をはじめとした寺院建築物の前に園池が広がる形をとっている。
- As typically seen in Hoo-do of Byodo-in Temple, in gardens of this style, a pond is placed in front of a temple building, such as a kondo (main temple hall) or a hall housing Buddhist statues, to reproduce the world of Gokuraku-jodo (a Pure Land of paradise), because these gardens were made influenced largely by the Jodo (Pure Land) concept of Buddhism.
- 日本国政府及び中華人民共和国政府は、主権及び領土保全の相互尊重、相互不可侵、内政に対する相互不干渉、平等及び互恵並びに平和共存の諸原則の基礎の上に両国間の恒久的な平和友好関係を確立することに合意する。
- The Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China agree to establish relations of perpetual peace and friendship between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence.
- 五箇条の御誓文、マスコミの発達推進、封建的風習の廃止、版籍奉還・廃藩置県、人材優先主義、四民平等、憲法制定と三権分立の確立、二院制の確立、教育の充実、法治主義の確立などを提言し、明治政府に実施させた。
- He suggested and implemented the following policies: the Charter Oath of Five Articles, the nurturing and promotion of mass media, the abolition of feudal conventions, the reversion of people and lands to the emperor, the abolition of the feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures, meritocracy, equality of the four classes, the establishment of a constitution, the separation of the three powers of the state, the introduction of the bicameral parliamentary system, the advancement of education, and the establishment of legalism.
- 明治時代になると近代国家に脱皮するためには中世封建制社会の身分制度を破棄することは避けて通れないと考えられ、政府により江戸時代の身分制度が廃止され四民平等(しみんびょうどう)の政策が採られることになった。
- In the Meiji period, it was considered that Japan would not be able to develop into a modern nation unless it broke away from its class system based in the medieval feudal society: therefore the government abolished the class system from the Edo period and enacted the policy of shimin byodo (the equality of four classes).
- モノを包み込む殻をこじあけ、「アウラ」を破壊することは、「物の平等さに対する感覚」を感じ取っているということで、複製によって、ただ一つしかないものからでさえ、「アウラ」を抜き出そうという段階まできている。
- To pry an object from its shell, to destroy its aura, is the mark of a perception whose 'sense of the universal equality of things' has increased to such a degree that it extracts it even from a unique object by means of reproduction.
- 2004年2月、奈良文化財研究所・宇治市などの年輪年代測定調査によれば、本殿は1060年ごろのものとされ、現存最古の神社建築であることが裏付けられるとともに、1052年創建の平等院との深い関連性が考えられる。
- In February 2004, dendrochronological studies conducted by the Nara Research Institute for Cultural Properties and Uji City dated the main sanctuary to around 1060, making it the oldest surviving piece of Shinto shrine architecture, and leading to the belief that it has a deep connection to Byodo-in Temple which was founded in 1052.
- 何故なら、布教活動や宣教師のみならず、同じ中国人であるはずの信者も不平等条約によって強固に守られ、時には軍事力による威嚇を用いることさえあったため、おおむね事件は教会側に有利に妥結することが多かったからである。
- Despite being the same Chinese, believers were strongly protected due to the unequal treaty, and sometimes used military threats, so incidents usually ended to the church's favor.
- 居留地は外国人を一ヶ所に集めて置けるので、日本人との紛争防止に役立つなど、日本政府にとって便利な面もあったが、やはり治外法権、領事裁判権を認める不平等条約の落とし子であり、国家的な体面から容認できないものであった。
- In many ways the settlements were quite convenient for the Japanese government, for example because they kept foreigners settled in certain specific places and thus helped prevent conflict with local Japanese, but as they were the fruit of the unequal treaties and demanded extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction for their inhabitants, they were unacceptable with respect to national prestige.
- 前者だけを満たす場合、「半文明国」とされて国家として承認されるものの、西欧諸国と同等の扱いを受けることはできず、不平等条約(関税自主権喪失・領事裁判権及び広範な治外法権の設定等)によって著しく劣等な立場に置かれた。
- If only the first condition was approved, the country would be recognized as a state but considered a 'Semi-civilized nation,' which would not be treated equal to Western countries and would have to bear disadvantage originated from unequal treaties (by losing tariff autonomy, setting up of consular jurisdiction and chigaihoken [extraterritoriality]).
- イーター機構は、核融合の研究開発の目的のため、平等、無差別、取消不能、非排他性及び無償の原則に基づいて当該知的財産の実施権を加盟者に許諾する。当該実施権は、当該加盟者が自己の領域内において再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。
- Such intellectual property shall be licensed by the ITER Organization to the Members on an equal, non-discriminatory, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free basis, with the right of the Members to sublicense within their territory for the purpose of fusion research and development.
- 20世紀後半に入ってから、ヨーロッパの君主国のほとんどが男系女子や女系(父は臣民でもよい)にも王位継承資格を与えるようになったが、このような改革の多くは「男女平等」をその理由とし、必ずしも男系男子の不足とは関係がない。
- After the latter half of the twentieth century, a male-line female or a female-line male/female (his/her father can be a subject) is entitled to succeed the throne in most European monarchies; such reform was carried out for `Equality of the Sexes,' so, not always connected to shortage of male-line male.
- この法律は、法の下の平等を保障する日本国憲法の理念にのつとり雇用の分野における男女の均等な機会及び待遇の確保を図るとともに、女性労働者の就業に関して妊娠中及び出産後の健康の確保を図る等の措置を推進することを目的とする。
- The purposes of this Act are to promote securing equal opportunity and treatment between men and women in employment in accordance with the principle in the Constitution of Japan of ensuring equality under law, and to promote measures, among others, to ensure the health of women workers with regard to employment during pregnancy and after childbirth.
- また、特に昭和20年の太平洋戦争敗戦後男女平等を謳う日本国憲法が発布され進駐軍の意向で儒教的な男尊女卑の考えが否定されると男子に成ることで成仏できるのではなく、成仏したことを男子の姿で表したといったように解釈が変更された。
- Especially after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945, the Constitution of Japan, in which gender equality is declared, was promulgated and predominance of men over women based on Confucianism was denied according to the indication of the occupying forces, which resulted in the interpretation of Henjo Nanshi being shifted from one, which is that a woman can become a Buddha by changing into a man, to another, which is that a woman demonstrates her Buddhahood by her male appearance.
- ナプキンやタオルなどといった品物についてはとてもうまくいったし、銀器についてもまず平等といってよいくらいに分けきれたが、ひとつきりのオルゴールを双方から不平のでないように山分けするとなれば、あなただって思い悩むことだろう。
- We got on very well with the napkins, towels and such things, and the silverware was parted pretty nearly equally, but you can see for yourself that when you try to divide a single music-box by two without a remainder you will have trouble.
- だが、欧米列強との交渉が始まると、日本に民法典が無いことが列強による治外法権を正当化させる理由の一つに挙げられて、幕末から明治初期の日本において、不平等条約条約改正という政治的課題の一つとして民法典の整備が急務とされていた。
- However, when negotiations were started beween Japan and the allied western powers, the fact that Japan lacked Minpoten became one reason to justify exterritoriality of the western powers, so that in Japan from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, the preparation of Minpoten was an urgent matter as one of political tasks to revise unequal treaties.
- 条約体制に順応することで、かえって西欧「文明国」クラブ間だけに平等を限定するという暗黙の国際法ルールを打破し、それらと同等の権利を勝ち取ること、単純に言い換えると不平等条約を解消して日本を「文明国」に格上げすることであった。
- By adjusting itself to the treaty system, Japan aimed to break an unspoken rule of international law that ensures equality only for western 'civilized' countries and to gain an equal right to it, more simply, to revise the unequal treaties and to become a 'civilized country.'
- 身分制度については、江戸幕府下の「士農工商」の別を廃止し、旧武士階級を士族、それ以外を平民とし、「四民平等」を謳う一方、旧公家・大名や一部僧侶などを新たに華族として特権的階級とすると同時に、宮内省の支配の下に置くことになった。
- Regarding the class system, the government advocated equality of all people, abolishing the hierarchy of samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants under the Edo Shogunate, and changing former samurai class to the warrior class and the rest of classes to commoner class, whereas they gave the privileges of nobility to former court nobles, feudal lords, and some of the Buddhist monks so as to put them under the control of the Ministry of the Imperial Household.
- 建久6年(1195年)の平親範置文(『洞院部類記』)という史料によると、同年、平親範は平等寺、尊重寺、護法寺という平家ゆかりの3つの寺院を併合し、出雲路に五間堂3棟を建てたという(「五間堂」とは間口の柱間が5つある仏堂の意)。
- According to the 1195 last will and testament of TAIRA no Chikanori ('Toin buruiki' (categorized collection of court events and practices by the Toin family), in the same year he merged three Taira family related temples Byodo-ji Temple, Sonju-ji Temple and Goho-ji Temple, and constructed three Goken-do halls in Izumoji (a 'Goken-do hall' is a Buddha statue hall with a five bay long facade).
- 日本とオスマン帝国の外交当局による国交交渉は何度も行われたのであるが、日本側が欧米列強と同等の待遇の条約を望み、治外法権を認めるよう要求したのに対し、オスマン帝国は不平等条約の拡大を嫌い、両者の交渉が暗礁に乗り上げたためである。
- The reason for this was that negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Ottoman Empire remained deadlocked despite both sides engaging in frequent rounds of negotiations; the Ottoman Empire did not wish to enter into another unequal treaty, but Japan was demanding the same level of treaty as the Ottoman Empire had agreed to with the great powers of Europe and America, insisting on Japan's extraterritorial rights.
- 近代国際法は「理念」として万国平等を謳いながら、現実では非西欧諸国を差別する国際秩序を支えており、こうした「理念」と現実との落差に対し、やがて失望とシニカルな感想、そして理念よりも国力を重視する姿勢が出てくることは自然であった。
- Under modern international law, the equality of nations was referred to as 'principle' but the thought supported international order that discriminated non-western Europe countries, therefore it was natural that some people were disappointed about the difference between the 'principle' and reality, became cynical and put more value on national power than principle.
- 最澄(767年-822年)に仮託される『末法灯明記』によれば、末法第一年に当たるとされたのは平安末期の1052年(永承7年)で、その年に関白・藤原頼道が京都宇治の平等院に阿弥陀信仰のシンボルとも言える阿弥陀堂(鳳凰堂)を建立した。
- According to 'Mappotomyoki' (Lamp for the Last Dharma-Age) attributed to Saicho (767 – 822), the first year of Mappo is 1052 in the late Heian period, when kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Yorimichi built the Amitabha-do (hoo-do) in Byodoin Temple at Uji, Kyoto which could be considered as an iconic symbol of Amida worship.
- こうした万国公法の内容が広く知られるようになったことは、薩摩・長州ら維新政府側が、江戸幕府が締結した不平等条約を継承することへの弁明や攘夷論者の説得(=開国論の正当化)に根拠を与えた(吉野1927、尾佐竹1932、山室2001)。
- Wide-spread concepts of the Bankoku Koho gave a reason that restoration government of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains inherited the unequal treaties which were concluded between foreign countries and the Edo bakufu and also a ground to persuade people who supported Joi-ron (equal to justification of Kaikoku-ron) (Yoshino 1927, Osatake 1932, Yamamuro 2001).
- 一方で、不平等条約上、有利な側にある国の国民が、不利な側にある国で犯罪を犯した際に、その国の裁判所にて裁くことができない状態となるため、治安問題が増大するという問題や、関税率の操作で貿易において不当に利益をあげ得る、などの問題がある。
- Meanwhile, there are some problems such as security matters are increased, or the people can gain unreasonable profits in trade due to manipulation of tariff rates, since the people of a country standing in a favorable position under the unequal treaty cannot be put on trial in the court of a country in an unfavorable position when the people have committed a crime in the latter country.
- このような状況を改善し、人権の擁護と男女平等の実現を図るためには、配偶者からの暴力を防止し、被害者を保護するための施策を講ずることが必要である。このことは、女性に対する暴力を根絶しようと努めている国際社会における取組にも沿うものである。
- In order to improve these conditions and to achieve the protection of human rights and the realization of genuine equality between women and men, we must establish measures to prevent spousal violence and protect victims. Such action will be in line with the efforts taken by the international community to eradicate violence against women.
- 1984年(昭和59年)に菩提心の復活と即身成仏の教え(「いのち」の平等と尊厳をさとり、大日如来の智慧をこの世に実現する)を広め、この世に生きた仏国土をつくり、心豊かな社会の実現を目指して、テーマとし、標語「生かせ いのち」を提唱した。
- In 1984, the Koyasan Shinto sect advocated the slogan 'Make the Most of Life', aiming at realizing a spiritually rich society by spreading the revival of aspiration for Buddhahood and the message of Sokushin-Jobutsu (to learn the equality and dignity of 'Life' and realize the wisdom of Dainichi Nyorai in this world), and creating the living Buddha Lands in this world.
- さらに提婆達多の未来成仏(悪人成仏)等、”一切の衆生が、いつかは必ず「仏陀」に成り得る”という平等主義の教えを当時の価値観なりに示し、経の正しさを証明する多宝如来が出現する宝塔出現、虚空会、二仏並座などの演出によってこれを強調している。
- Additionally, it showed the teaching of egalitarianism as 'all people can be Buddhas some day' from the values of that time, like 未来成仏(悪人成仏) of Daidatta, and emphasized this through representations such as the appearance of a treasure tower in which Tahonyorai appeared and clarified the correctness of Hokke-kyo, 虚空会 and 二仏並座.
- 翌1887年(明治20年)、国民がこの案を知るところとなると、折からノルマントン号事件(1886年)で不平等条約の弊害が問題になっていたため、世論は激昂してこれを「国辱的な内容」と攻撃、全国的な民権運動が盛り上がった(三大事件建白運動)。
- In the next year, 1887, when people knew the proposal, they got furious (especially so because adverse effects of an unequal treaty were being discussed after the Normanton Incident [1886]) and attacked the proposal claiming that it was 'national disgrace,' and then the nation-wide democratic-rights movement was spread (the movement following sandaijiken-kenpaku [the petition for three major matters]).
- 地方の世情が不安になる中、道長を受け継ぎ長年関白を務めた頼通の権勢は表面的には衰えず、御所の傍に巨大な高陽院_(邸宅)を造営し、同7年3月28日_(旧暦)(1052年)には道長の別荘であった宇治殿を現代に残る壮麗な平等院鳳凰堂に改修した。
- Against this backdrop of unrest in the provinces, having succeeded Michinaga and worked for many years as Kanpaku to the Emperor, Yorimichi's influence appeared, on the surface, as strong as ever; he built his enormous Kayain residence (mansion) in close proximity to the imperial palace and, on May 5 1052, he remodeled Michinaga's villa, 'Uji Mansion,' into the magnificent Hoo-do Hall (Phoenix Hall) at Byodoin Temple, which remains to the present day.
- 小規模個人再生における再生計画による権利の変更の内容は、不利益を受ける再生債権者の同意がある場合又は少額の再生債権の弁済の時期若しくは第八十四条第二項に掲げる請求権について別段の定めをする場合を除き、再生債権者の間では平等でなければならない。
- In the case of rehabilitation for individuals with small-scale debts, the content of any modification of rights based on a rehabilitation plan shall be equal between rehabilitation creditors, except where any rehabilitation creditor who will suffer detriment has given consent or where the plan otherwise provides for the due date of small rehabilitation claim or for any of the claims listed in Article 84(2).
- 室町時代の後期に登場した本願寺8世の蓮如(1415年-1499年)は、当時の民衆の成長を背景に講と呼ばれる組織を築き、人々が平等に教えを聴き団結できる場を提供し、また親鸞の教えを安易な言葉で述べた『御文(御文章)』を著作し、一般に広く教化した。
- Rennyo (1415-1499), the 8th head-priest of Hongan-ji Temple, who emerged in the late Muromachi period, established an organization called Kou against the backdrop of the growth of the public at the time, provided the opportunity for people to learn the teachings equally and to come together, and wrote 'Ofumi (Gobunsho)' explaining the teachings of Shinran in plain words and disseminated it widely to the public.
- 現在の平等院の地は、9世紀末頃、光源氏のモデルとも言われる左大臣である嵯峨源氏の源融(みなもと の とおる)が営んだ別荘だったものが宇多天皇に渡り、天皇の孫である源重信を経て長徳4年(998年)、摂政藤原道長の別荘「宇治殿」となったものである。
- The current location of Byodo-in Temple is where the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), MINAMOTO no Toru of Saga Genji, who is said to have been the model for Hikaru Genji, built his villa at the end of the 9th century, which was then passed on to Emperor Uda who gave it to his grandson MINAMOTO no Shigenobu before it became the Uji-den villa of Regent FUJIWARA no Michinaga in 998.
- 『万国公法』などの近代国際法は、世界中の主権国家が互いに平等であり(「諸国平行の権」)、それは国家間の様々な権利と義務に基づくのだという「理念」を東アジアに伝えたが、それは華夷秩序における中国の圧倒的な優位を当然とする秩序観とは異質なものであった。
- Modern international law including 'Bankoku Koho' brought a 'principle' to East Asia that all sovereign nations in the world are equal (Right to equality of nations) and the equality is based on wide variety of rights and duties between countries, but the thought is completely different from the point of view of Kaichitsujo, which admits China dynasty to maintain a 10-to-1 advantage.
- 1900年(明治33年)に成立した同法は、日本の資本主義は発達するに従って、中小零細企業が大資本に圧倒されている現状から、零細企業救済のため、加入脱退の自由、議決権平等、出資利子制限、利用分量配当といった協同組合原則の基本を組み入れた法律として制定された。
- The act was passed in 1990, and in order to help small enterprises, it was established as a law which had principles of cooperative association such as freedom of entering and leaving, the equal voting right, restraint of investing interest, and the dividend in accordance with the amount of use, under the circumstances in which tiny, small and medium enterprises were getting overwhelmed by big capitals as the Japanese capitalism grew.
- 第二次伊藤内閣で、メキシコとの間に平等条約締結を成功させた陸奥宗光が外相となり、駐英公使の青木周蔵を交渉に当たらせ、1894年(明治27年)の日清戦争直前、ロシア帝国の南下に危機感を募らせていた英国と日英通商航海条約の調印に成功し、治外法権制度を撤廃させた。
- Becoming a Foreign Minister in the second ITO Cabinet, Munemitsu MUTSU, who had succeeded in the conclusion of the equal treaty with Mexico, requested the Minister-Counselor to England Shuzo AOKI to negotiate with the country, and in 1894 just before the Sino-Japanese War, he succeeded to conclude the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with England, which heightened the sense of danger against the advance southward of the Russian Empire, and thus abolished the extraterritoriality.
- 幕末には攘夷論が台頭するがそれを克服し、戊辰戦争の後明治政府は西洋文明の積極的な受容による近代国家の建設、幕府が結んだ西欧諸国との不平等条約の改正と南下政策を進めるロシア帝国との国境確定および東アジア諸国との外交関係の再構築と版図の確定という課題に取り組んだ。
- Japan conquered principle of excluding foreigners that emerged at the end of Edo period, and the Meiji Government had tackled the following issues since the Bushing War: the construction of a modern state through the introduction of western civilization; the revision of the unequal treaties that the bakufu signed, with western countries; the definition of the border with Russia that had been promoting southward expansion; and the restructing of diplomatic relations and definition of the territory with East Asian countries.
- しかし、仏教学においては法華経無内容説という学説的な主張に加え、また法華経が「三乗を会して一乗に帰す」という目標を示してはいるものの、三乗の差別ある者たちがどうやって一乗の教えに平等に帰すことができるのか明らかに説かれておらず、その根拠に乏しいという指摘もある。
- However, in Buddhist Studies, it is pointed out that there is not much of a basis behind the esan kiitsu because although the Lotus Sutra set a goal of 'learning ichijo through understanding sanjo,' it is not clearly explained how these different people can be treated equally in accordance with the preaching of ichijo, in addition to the fact that there is an academic theory that the Lotus Sutra has no content.
- 十如是とは、相(形相)・性(本質)・体(形体)・力(能力)・作(作用)・因(直接的な原因)・縁(条件・間接的な関係)・果(因に対する結果)・報(報い・縁に対する間接的な結果)・本末究竟等相(相から報にいたるまでの9つの事柄が究極的に無差別平等であること)をいう。
- Junyoze refers to a form (appearance), nature (essence), embodiment (entity), potency (power), function (action), a primary cause (direct cause), a secondary cause (condition or indirect connection), effect (result of a primary cause), recompense (retribution or indirect result of a secondary cause), and complete fundamental whole (ultimate equality in nine factors from the form to the recompense).
- イーター機構は、加盟者が5.2.2に規定する目的以外の目的のために背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を利用することができるように最善の努力を払う。イーター機構が当該加盟者に当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾する場合には、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて許諾される。
- The ITER Organization shall use its best efforts to make available to the Members any Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, for purposes other than those set out in article 5.2.2. Such Background Intellectual Property, if licensed by the ITER Organization to the Members, shall be licensed on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.
- 淀川が京都盆地に流れ込むところは、京都盆地の中でも最も低いところに位置しており、琵琶湖から流れ出る唯一の河川である宇治川は、京都盆地へ流入する平等院付近から、京都盆地の西端にあった木津川 (京都府)、桂川 (淀川水系)との合流点の上流側にかけて広大な遊水池を形成していた。
- The point where the Yodo-gawa River flows into Kyoto Basin is at the lowest altitude in that basin and the Uji-gawa River, the only river originating from Lake Biwa, formed an enormous drainage basin covering the area from the vicinity of Byodoin Temple, where that river runs into Kyoto Basin and upstreams of the points where the Uji-gawa River meets Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) in the western part of Kyoto Basin and the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system).
- そしてこれは、正しいものを判断し、真実とまちがいとを識別する能力、つまりいみじくも分別や理性と呼ばれるものが万人に平等だという証拠だと考えるべきなのであって、この点でみんながまちがっているということは、あまりありそうにない。ということはつまり、こういうことも言えそうだ:
- And in this it is not likely that all are mistaken the conviction is rather to be held as testifying that the power of judging aright and of distinguishing truth from error, which is properly what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men;
- 公使館の保護は無論であるが、中国における日本の権益拡大や、清朝を叩くことで朝鮮半島における日本のアドバンテージを確立すること、日本についで大軍を送っていたロシアへの牽制、列強側に立って派兵することで「極東の憲兵」としての存在感誇示(=不平等条約改正)などが主要目的であった。
- It was of course for the protection of the legation, but other main objectives included expansion of Japanese interests in China, establishing Japanese advantage at the Korean Peninsula by defeating the Qing dynasty, and restrainment of Russia which was sending a great army just like Japan, and Japan also dispatched troops alongside the allied western powers to show its presence as the 'military policeman of the Far East' (in order to correct the unequal treaty).
- 再生計画による権利の変更の内容は、再生債権者の間では平等でなければならない。ただし、不利益を受ける再生債権者の同意がある場合又は少額の再生債権若しくは第八十四条第二項に掲げる請求権について別段の定めをし、その他これらの者の間に差を設けても衡平を害しない場合は、この限りでない。
- The content of any modification of rights based on a rehabilitation plan shall be equal between rehabilitation creditors; provided, however, that this shall not apply where any rehabilitation creditor who will suffer detriment has given consent or where equity will not be undermined even if the plan otherwise provides for a small rehabilitation claim or any of the claims listed in Article 84(2) or any other difference in treatment of rehabilitation creditors.
- しかしこの近代国際法の「万国平等」という理念は単なる理念に留まり、現実には万国に普遍的に適用されるようなものではなく、それは本来キリスト教諸国間だけに通用する「キリスト教国国際法」('International law of Chirstendom')ともいうべきものであった。
- However, the principle, 'all nations are equal,' of the modern international law existed just as a principle, and, in reality, it was not generally applicable to all nations but should be called 'International law of Christendom' originally applicable only among Christian nations.
- 日米修好通商条約は「治外法権」、関税自主権の放棄(協定関税率制)、片務的最恵国待遇など、日本にとって不利な内容を含む不平等条約であり、無防備なままの日本市場が世界市場に対して開かれると、入過により国内産業への影響、金の流出が物価高騰、尊王攘夷運動の激化や一揆、打ちこわし等を招いた。
- The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan was an unequal treaty including unfavourable conditions against Japan such as extraterritoriality, resignation of tariff autonomy (tariff agreement system) and unilateral MFN (most favoured nation) status, therefore when the Japanese market was opened to the world, domestic industries were defenceless against the impact of price increases and the draining of gold reserves which gave rise to the Sonno Joi Movement (a movement advocating reverence to the Emperor and expulsion of foreigners), uprising, and destructive urban riots.
- その一方で明治4年(1871年)に中央政府に復帰して下野するまでの2年間、上京当初抱いていた士族を中心とする「強兵」重視路線が、四民平等・廃藩置県を全面に押し出した木戸孝允・大隈重信らの「富国」重視路線によって斥けられた事に対する不満や反発が西郷の心中に全く無かったとも考えられない。
- Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that SAIGO might have resentment and antagonism toward the incident that a policy of placing a great importance on 'military buildup' mainly with the warrior class, which he had fostered during his early days in Tokyo for two years from his comeback to the central government in 1871 until he left the government, was defeated by a policy of placing a great importance on 'national enrichment' by Takayoshi KIDO and Shigenobu OKUMA, which emphasized the equality of all people and the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures.
- この条約の締結にはイギリス公使ハリー・パークスの仲介があったが、この条約には安政条約以来欧米各国が江戸幕府及び明治政府と締結した全ての不平等条約の規定の中でもっとも有利な条件が反映され、その内容は各国が日本と結んだ条約の最恵国待遇の規定によって全ての列強に対して適用されることとなった。
- English Minister, Harry Parks mediated for the conclusion of this treaty, and among all the unfair treaties concluded between the Edo government and the Meiji government with Europe and the North America since the Ansei era treaty, the treaty contained the most advantageous conditions, the contents of which applied to all countries who had made 'Most Favored Nation Treatment' treaties with Japan.
- さらに翌年、岩倉具視以下岩倉使節団一行が、訪問先のアメリカ大統領ユリシーズ・S・グラント、英女王ヴィクトリア (イギリス女王)、デンマーク王クリスチャン9世 (デンマーク王)らに、禁教政策を激しく非難され、明治政府のキリスト教弾圧が不平等条約改正の最大のネックであることを思い知らされることになった。
- Furthermore, in the following year, the Iwakura Mission, led by Tomomi IWAKURA, was strongly criticized at each destination by the U.S. President Ulysses S. GRANT, Queen of England Victoria, and Danish King Christian IX for the anti-Christian policy, which made the Mission members realize that the Meiji Government's crackdown on Christianity was the biggest obstacle to the revision of unequal treaties.
- ここでの「悪友」とは、福澤諭吉らの「平等」や「義」や「独立心」を重んずる思想と違って、福澤らから見れば、閨閥、門閥政治、小中華思想(日本蔑視思想)などの旧弊に固執し血なまぐさい権力闘争を繰り返し、事大主義で外交において信義がなく、外交方針がころころ変わる清国や李氏朝鮮という認識で用いられた言葉である。
- Unlike the thought which put a high value on 'Equality,' 'Righteousness' and 'Independence' by Yukichi FUKUZAWA and others, 'Bad friends' in the 'Datsu-A Ron' was the word used meaning the Qing and Joseon Dynasty Korea where, adhering to their old customs of Keibatsu (network by blood connection), lineage government and petit Sinocentrism (idea of disrespect for Japan), bloody strifes over authority were repeated, being Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful) and faithless in diplomacy and diplomatic policies changed so often.
- 民主政と貴族政、財産と平等、共同作業と競争、贅沢と清貧、社会性と個別性、自由と規律、その他、実際の生活でのあらゆる継続的な敵対関係で、それぞれに賛成する意見が、同じように自由に表現され、同等の才能と精力をもって強弁され弁護されるのでないなら、どちらの要素もともに正当な取り分を得るという機会はないのです。
- Unless opinions favourable to democracy and to aristocracy, to property and to equality, to co-operation and to competition, to luxury and to abstinence, to sociality and individuality, to liberty and discipline, and all the other standing antagonisms of practical life, are expressed with equal freedom, and enforced and defended with equal talent and energy, there is no chance of both elements obtaining their due;
- イーター機構及び加盟者は、この協定及び情報及び知的財産に関する附属書に従って、この協定の実施により生み出される情報及び知的財産の最大限に広範な、かつ、適当な普及を支援する。この条の規定及び知的財産に関する附属書については、すべての加盟者及びイーター機構に対して平等に、かつ差別的でない態様により実施する。
- Subject to this Agreement and the Annex on Information and Intellectual Property, the ITER Organization and the Members shall support the widest appropriate dissemination of information and intellectual property they generate in the execution of this Agreement. The implementation of this Article and the Annex on Information and Intellectual Property shall be equal and non-discriminatory for all Members and the ITER Organization.
- ところが、配偶者からの暴力は、犯罪となる行為をも含む重大な人権侵害であるにもかかわらず、被害者の救済が必ずしも十分に行われてこなかった。また、配偶者からの暴力の被害者は、多くの場合女性であり、経済的自立が困難である女性に対して配偶者が暴力を加えることは、個人の尊厳を害し、男女平等の実現の妨げとなっている。
- Nevertheless, even though spousal violence constitutes a serious violation of human rights, as well as being a crime, efforts to relieve victims have not always been adequate in all instances. In addition, the majority of victims of spousal violence are women. When women who find it difficult to achieve economic self-reliance are subject to violence from their spouses, it adversely affects the dignity of individuals and impedes the realization of genuine equality between women and men.
- 当時は安政の五カ国条約として、アメリカ合衆国(日米和親条約、日米修好通商条約)、オランダ(日蘭和親条約)、ロシア(日露和親条約)、イギリス(日英和親条約、日英修好通商条約)、フランス(日仏和親条約)と不平等条約を、李氏朝鮮とは逆不平等条約(日朝修好条規、日本が有利)を結んでおり、平等条約は清と結んでいる日清修好条規のみだった。
- Japan had unequal treaties, known as the Ansei Five-Power Treaties, that were imposed by the United States (the Treaty of Peace and Amity between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan), the Netherlands (the Dutch-Japan Treaty of Peace and Amity), Russia (the Treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan), Great Britain (the Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty and the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce) and France (the Treaty of Peace and Amity between France and Japan), and had another one with Yi Dynasty Korea (the Treaty of Ganghwa, imposed by Japan) while the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship was the only equal treaty that Japan had at the time.
- これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年(1871年)4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
- Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.
- その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された(ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている)。
- After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
- 明治新政府内では、明治元年(1868年)、総裁局顧問専任として政体書を建言し「官吏公選」や参議内閣制など新政府と新国家の骨格作りに尽力し続けた木戸孝允が実質的な初代宰相に相当し、留守政府を預かって四民平等など残されていた諸施策を断行した西郷隆盛が第二代宰相に相当し、明治六年政変以後ビスマルク然と君臨し始めた大久保利通が実質的な第三代宰相に相当する。
- Of the New Meiji Government, there were three virtual saisho (prime minister), Takayoshi KIDO proposed the Constitution of 1868 as a full-time advisor to the General Bureau in 1868 and contributed to structuring the frame of the new government and state system through 'kanri kosen (public election of government officials)', sangi naikaku sei (councilor cabinet system), Takamori SAIGO led the government and carried out remaining various policies such as shimin byodo (equality of all people) while some of highest ranks of governments were away on inspection trip to America and Europe (Iwakura Mission), Toshimichi OKUBO began to reign as if Otto von Bismarck after the Meiji roku-nen no Seihen (the political change in 1873, starting from disputes over Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea)).
- 合衆国において出生し、又はこれに帰化し、その管轄権に服するすべての者は、合衆国及びその居住する州の市民である。いかなる州も、合衆国市民の特権又は免除を制限する法律を制定又は施行してはならない。またいかなる州も、正当な法の手続によらないで、何人からも生命、自由又は財産を奪ってはならない。またその管轄内にある何人に対しても法律の平等な保護を拒んではならない。
- All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
- 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
- There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
- つまり、門閥、閨閥政治や中華思想また小中華思想など民族(人種)差別、日本蔑視思想で、「平等」の精神に真っ向から反する思想、親子(姑、嫁)が血みどろの権力闘争を繰り広げ、そのために事大主義に走り独立心がなく外交の一貫性がないこと、と福澤諭吉らから見れば、そう見える朝鮮王朝政府に対し、「天は人の上に人をつくらず...」(『学問のすゝめ』)とする思想を重んじる立場から「脱亜論」に至ったのだ、という解釈がある。
- For Fukuzawa, the government of the Korean Dynasties appeared to be totally against 'Equality' by discrimination by putting too much value on lineage and Keibatsu blood connection, Sinocentrism or petit Sinocentrism and disrespect for Japan as well as families repeating bloody strife over authority, no intention to be independent with their Sadaejuui policy and no consistency in their diplomacy; these things led him to write 'Datsu-A Ron' with his standpoint of 'ten wa hito no ue ni hito o tsukurazu...' (The heavens do not create Man above his station...) ('Gakumon no Susume' [An Encouragement of Learning]).
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生み出す場合には、公的な支援を得た核融合の研究開発に関する計画のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の取消し不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権を他の加盟者及びイーター機構に許諾する。当該実施権は、イーター機構及び他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利(他の加盟者については、それぞれの領域内に限り。)を伴う。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of execution of this Agreement shall grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to such Generated Intellectual Property to other Members and the ITER Organization, with the right of the ITER Organization to sub-license, and the right of the other Members to sub-license within their respective territory, for the purposes of publicly sponsored fusion research and development programmes.
- 辛亥革命後、五・四運動を経て不平等条約破棄を求める中国国民の声が高まると、規定上の改訂期間が訪れた1926年10月に北京政府が条約改訂を日本側に打診するが、1928年7月19日、当時北京政府に代わって中国を掌握していた蒋介石の南京国民政府が一方的に破棄を通告、日本側はこれを拒否して継続を宣言したが、その後日本側からも対立悪化を懸念する声が上がり、改訂交渉が行われ、1930年5月6日に日華関税協定が結ばれて中国側の関税自主権が回復された。
- After the Xinhai Revolution, the demand to abrogate the unequal treaty increased among Chinese people in the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing Government offered the revision of the treaty to Japan in October 1926 when the term of revision started, but the Nanjing Government led by Chiang Kai-shek who controlled China at that time one-sidedly notified the abrogation of the treaty on July 19, 1928, on the other hand, Japan denied the notification and declared the continuation of the treaty, however, the concern was raised in Japan that the relationship between Japan and China might deteriorate, the two countries negotiated about revision of the treaty, and finally the Sino-Japanese Tariff Agreement was concluded on May 6, 1930, and the Chinese tariff autonomy was restored.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、イーター機構に提供する物品に関して背景的な知的財産を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産が次のいずれかの要件を満たすときは、4.2.5に規定する目的以外の商業上の目的のため、当該背景的な知的財産を他の加盟者の利用に供することが奨励される。当該背景的な知的財産の所有者が当該他の加盟者に当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾する場合には、当該背景的な知的財産の実施権は、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて許諾される。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, is encouraged to make available for commercial purposes other than those set out in article 4.2.5 to the other Members, any Background Intellectual Property incorporated into the items provided to the ITER Organization which Background Intellectual Property was required :
- イーター機構は、次のいずれかの要件を満たす背景的な知的財産を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産に関連する権利を有するときは、核融合の研究開発の目的のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、取消し不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権により当該背景的な知的財産の再実施を加盟者に許諾するために必要な措置をとる。当該措置は、当該加盟者が自己の領域内において更に再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。イーター機構は、当該背景的な知的財産に関連する権利を取得するために最善の努力を払う。
- Provided that it has the pertinent rights, when the ITER Organization incorporates Background Intellectual Property which is required: the ITER Organization shall make the necessary arrangements in order to sub-license that Background Intellectual Property on an equal and non-discriminatory basis by an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to the Members, with the right of the Members to sub-license within their respective territory for the purpose of fusion research and development. The ITER Organization shall make its best efforts to acquire the pertinent rights.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、イーター機構に提供する物品に関して背景的な知的財産(技術的知識、営業上の秘密等の秘密の情報を除く。)を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産が次のいずれかの要件を満たすときは、公的な支援を得た核融合の研究開発に関する計画のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、当該背景的な知的財産の取消不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権を他の加盟者及びイーター機構に許諾する。当該実施権は、イーター機構が再実施を許諾する権利並びに他の加盟者がそれぞれの領域内において研究機関及び高等教育機関に再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has incorporated Background Intellectual Property, except confidential information such as know-how and trade secrets into the items provided to the ITER Organization which Background Intellectual Property is required: ... shall grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to such Background Intellectual Property to other Members and to the ITER Organization, with the right of the ITER Organization to sub-license and the right of Members to sub-license to their research institutes and institutes of higher education within their respective territory for the purposes of publicly sponsored fusion research and development programmes.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において生み出された知的財産を開発し、又は取得する場合には、商業上の利用のため、平等、無差別及び非排他性の原則に基づき、当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を加盟者に許諾する。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しなかい場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Generated Intellectual Property that has been developed or acquired by the ITER Organization in the course of execution of this Agreement shall be licensed to the Members on an equal, non-discriminatory, non-exclusive basis for commercial use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を加盟者の利用に供するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- For Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, incorporated by the ITER Organization in the course of the execution of this Agreement, the ITER Organization shall use its best efforts to make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 連邦議会は、両議院の3分の2が必要と認めるときは、この憲法に対する修正を発議しなければならず、また全州の3分の2の議会の請求があるときは、修正発議のための憲法会議を招集しなければならない。いずれの場合においても、修正は、全州の4分の3の議会によって承認されるか、又は4分の3の州における憲法会議によって承認されるときは、あらゆる意味において、この憲法の一部として効力を有する。いずれの承認方法を採るかは、連邦議会が提案することができる。ただし、1808年以前に行われる修正によって、第1条第9節第1項及び第4項の規定に変更を及ぼすことはできない。また、いずれの州も、その同意なくして、上院における平等の投票権を奪われることはない。
- The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生む出す場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に利用可能にする。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of the execution of this Agreement shall make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to such Generated Intellectual Property to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 大久保は、説得に大院君が耳を貸すとは思えず西郷が朝鮮に行った場合必ず殺される(殺されずとも大院君が使節を拒否した場合は開戦の大義名分になってしまう)、そうなった場合結果的に朝鮮と開戦してしまうのではないかという危機感、当時の日本には朝鮮や清、ひいてはロシアとの関係が険悪になる(その帰結として戦争を遂行する)だけの国力が備わっていないという戦略的判断、外遊組との約束を無視し、危険な外交的博打に手を染めようとしている残留組に対する感情的反発、朝鮮半島問題よりも先に片付けるべき外交案件が存在するという日本の国際的立場(清との琉球帰属問題(台湾出兵参照)、ロシアとの樺太、千島列島の領有権問題、イギリスとの小笠原諸島領有権問題、不平等条約改正)などから猛烈に反対、費用の問題なども絡めて征韓の不利を説き延期を訴えた。
- OKUBO didn't think Daewongun lend an ear to persuasion, and thought SAIGO will be killed (even if he won't be killed, if Daewongun rejected the envoy, it can be a legitimate reason for outbreak of war) inevitably when he went to Korea, and he felt a sense of danger that they will start the war with Korea as a result, and his strategic decision that Japan doesn't have national strength at that time to strain the relationship (as a result, wage a war) with Korea, Qing, and eventually Russia, an emotional backlash to the remaining group that ignored agreement and about to dabble in diplomatic gambling, he strongly opposed because of the presence of a diplomatic matters (Ryukyu attribution issue with Qing [see the Taiwan expedition], territorial right problem on Sakhalin and Kurile Islands with Russia, territorial right problem on Ogasawara Islands [Bonin Islands] with England, revision of the unequal treaty) that must be dealt with before Korean Peninsula problem on Japanese international standing, and he correlated it with expenses etc and appealed postponement by telling disadvantage of subjugation of Korea.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、他の加盟者が背景的な知的財産を用いた部品を妥当な条件で利用することができることを確保し、又は平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に許諾するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、当該実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has incorporated Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, in the execution of this Agreement shall use its best efforts to make sure that the component incorporating the Background Intellectual Property is available on reasonable terms and conditions, or use its best efforts to grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory, on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations. Such Background Intellectual Property, if licensed by the owners to the Members, shall be licensed on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.
- 職員団体が登録される資格を有し、及び引き続いて登録されているためには、規約の作成又は変更、役員の選挙その他これらに準ずる重要な行為が、すべての構成員が平等に参加する機会を有する直接かつ秘密の投票による全員の過半数(役員の選挙については、投票者の過半数)によつて決定される旨の手続を定め、かつ、現実にその手続によりこれらの重要な行為が決定されることを必要とする。ただし、連合体である職員団体又は全国的規模をもつ職員団体にあつては、すべての構成員が平等に参加する機会を有する構成団体ごと又は地域若しくは職域ごとの直接かつ秘密の投票による投票者の過半数で代議員を選挙し、この代議員の全員が平等に参加する機会を有する直接かつ秘密の投票による全員の過半数(役員の選挙については、投票者の過半数)によつて決定される旨の手続を定め、かつ、現実に、その手続により決定されることをもつて足りるものとする。
- In order to qualify for and maintain registration, an employee organization is required to provide procedures whereby the adoption or revision of its constitution, election of officers, and other equivalently important acts are decided by a majority of all its members (by a majority of those who voted, in the case of the election of officers) by direct secret vote in which every member is given an equal opportunity to participate, and is required to ensure that these important acts are actually decided in accordance with the procedures so provided for. In the case of an employee organization which is a federation or is national in scope, however, it shall suffice to establish and to actually observe such procedures provided for that delegates are elected by a majority vote by direct secret vote held for each constituent organization or each geographical area or occupational area which every member is given an equal opportunity to participate in, and, further, that the foregoing important acts be decided by a majority of all the delegates (by a majority of the delegates who voted, in the case of the election of officers) by direct secret vote in which each delegate is given an equal opportunity to participate.