幕: 2000 Terms and Phrases

• 幕
• curtain
• bunting
• act (in play)
• Maku
• cloth
• shroud
• act of play

• 暗幕
• blackout curtain

• 一幕
• one act

• 引幕
• draw curtain
• stage curtain

• 煙幕
• smokescreen
• smoke screen

• 開幕
• raising the curtain

• 旧幕
• the old feudal government
• shogunate

• 銀幕
• silver screen (movies)

• 鯨幕
• black and white striped curtain (used at funeral service)

• 剣幕
• threatening attitude
• menacing look
• angry look

• 権幕
• threatening attitude
• menacing look
• angry look

• 見幕
• threatening attitude
• menacing look
• angry look

• 黒幕
• black curtain
• wire puller
• mastermind
• political fixer
• power broker
• person behind the scenes
• Éminence grise

• 佐幕
• adherence to the shogunate
• Sabaku, supporters of the bakufu

• 字幕
• subtitle (movie)
• caption
• subtitles
• TimedText
• Timed text
• Subtitle (captioning)

• 終幕
• end
• close

• 序幕
• curtain-raiser
• prologue
• prelude
• Act Ⅰ (Jomaku)
• The opening act

• 除幕
• unveiling (ceremony)

• 陣幕
• camp enclosure
• Jinmaku

• 垂幕
• hanging banner
• hanging screen
• curtain

• 切幕
• entrance curtain (noh)

• 弾幕
• barrage
• Barrage (artillery)

• 段幕
• curtain with horizontal stripes

• 中幕
• middle act

• 帳幕
• curtain
• hanging
• bunting
• place where a curtain is hung

• 天幕
• curtain
• tent
• pavilion
• Tenmaku

• 倒幕
• overthrow of the shogunate
• Toppling of the Shogunate
• Tobaku, a position to overthrow the Shogunate
• To overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate

• 統幕
• general staff headquarters

• 討幕
• attacking the shogunate

• 内幕
• lowdown
• inside curtain
• inside information
• hidden circumstances
• inside facts
• inner workings
• undisclosed circumstances

• 入幕
• advancing to the first grade

• 仏幕
• coloured curtains hanging from the eaves of a Buddhist temple

• 平幕
• rank-and-file wrestlers in the highest division

• 閉幕
• falling of the curtain
• coming to an end

• 本幕
• fully raising the curtain when an actor enters or exits (noh)
• curtain with a family crest

• 幕営
• camp
• camping

• 幕屋
• tent
• tabernacle
• small curtain-enclosed area (off a stage)
• Makuya (Original Gospel Movement of Japan)
• Church tabernacle

• 幕下
• third highest division
• wrestlers of the third highest division

• 幕開
• the rise of the curtain
• opening (of play)
• beginning (e.g. of an era)
• opening (festival, event, etc.)

• 幕間
• intermission (between acts)
• interlude
• interval
• parenthesis

• 幕軍
• the shogunate army

• 幕舎
• camp

• 幕尻
• lowest ranked wrestler in makuuchi division

• 幕臣
• shogunate retainer or vassal

• 幕政
• the shogunate (administration)

• 幕電
• sheet lightning

• 幕内
• highest-ranking division
• Makuuchi
• Makunouchi

• 幕府
• bakufu
• shogunate
• shounate
• The bakufu

• 幕末
• closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate
• end of Edo era
• The End of the Edo Era
• End of Edo period
• The end of Edo period
• The last days of the bakufu
• Bakumatsu
• The end of the Edo period
• Towards the end of the Edo period

• 幕吏
• shogunate official

• 幕僚
• staff
• staff officer

• 揚幕
• entrance curtain (in noh)

• 帷幕
• curtain
• field staff headquarters
• secret meeting place

• 幔幕
• curtain
• drapery

• 幕板
• skin plate
• sheathing

• 安幕
• Amari

• 井幕
• Imaku

• 瓜幕
• Urimaku

• 横幕
• Yokomaku

• 岸幕
• Kishimaku

• 雁幕
• Karimaku

• 新幕
• Niimaku

• 富幕
• Tonmaku

• 幕井
• Makui

• 幕掛
• Makugake

• 幕岩
• Bakuiwa
• Makuiwa

• 幕戸
• Makudo

• 幕山
• Makuyama

• 幕西
• Makunishi

• 幕川
• Makugawa

• 幕滝
• Makudaki

• 幕沢
• Makusawa

• 幕谷
• Makuya

• 幕壇
• Makudan

• 幕弔
• Makuhari

• 幕張
• Makuhari

• 幕田
• Makuta
• Makuda

• 幕島
• Makujima

• 幕別
• Makubetsu

• 幕柳
• Makuyamagi

• 幕林
• Makubayashi

• 幕孚
• Maku Makoto

• 幕澤
• Makusawa
• Makuzawa

• 蘭幕
• Ranmaku

• 一幕物
• one-act play

• 引き幕
• draw curtain
• stage curtain

• 映写幕
• a screen

• 横断幕
• horizontal banner

• 下げ幕
• drop curtain

• 開幕戦
• opening game
• opener
• Opening Day

• 佐幕派
• supporters of the shogun

• 再入幕
• wrestler re-promoted to makuuchi division

• 三幕物
• three-act play

• 字幕版
• subtitled version (of a movie)

• 除幕式
• unveiling ceremony

• 新入幕
• wrestler newly promoted to makuuchi division

• 垂れ幕
• hanging banner
• hanging screen
• curtain

• 水引幕
• purple curtain on the hanging roof above the ring

• 切り幕
• entrance curtain (noh)

• 内幕話
• inside information

• 背景幕
• backdrop

• 幕あい
• intermission
• entr'acte

• 幕の内
• box lunch (containing rice and 10-15 small portions of fish, meat, and vegetables)
• highest-ranking division
• intermission (between acts)
• interlude
• senior-grade

• 幕引き
• putting an end to

• 幕下格
• referee officiating the third highest division

• 幕開き
• the rise of the curtain
• opening (of play)
• beginning (e.g. of an era)
• opening (festival, event, etc.)

• 幕開け
• the rise of the curtain
• opening (of play)
• beginning (e.g. of an era)
• opening (festival, event, etc.)

• 幕切れ
• fall of the curtain
• last scene
• end of act

• 幕内格
• referee officiating at bouts of rank-and-file wrestlers in the highest division

• 幕明き
• the rise of the curtain
• opening (of play)
• beginning (e.g. of an era)
• opening (festival, event, etc.)

• 幕明け
• the rise of the curtain
• opening (of play)
• beginning (e.g. of an era)
• opening (festival, event, etc.)

• 幕僚長
• chief of staff

• 揚げ幕
• entrance curtain (in noh)

• 瓜幕西
• Urimakunishi

• 瓜幕川
• Urimakukawa

• 瓜幕東
• Urimakuhigashi

• 瓜幕南
• Urimakuminami

• 下幕田
• Shimomakuta

• 岩幕山
• Iwamakuyama

• 西瓜幕
• Nishiurimaku

• 千丈幕
• Senjoumaku

• 中瓜幕
• Nakaurimaku

• 天幕橋
• Tenmakubashi

• 天幕山
• Tenmakuyama

• 天幕川
• Tentogawa

• 天幕沢
• Tenmakuzawa

• 天幕峠
• Tenmakutouge

• 東瓜幕
• Higashiurimaku

• 富幕山
• Tonmakuyama

• 富幕川
• Tonmakugawa

• 北瓜幕
• Kitaurimaku

• 幕ノ沢
• Makunozawa

• 幕ノ頭
• Makunotou

• 幕ノ内
• Makunouchi

• 幕掛山
• Makukakeyama

• 幕岩川
• Makuiwagawa

• 幕宮池
• Makumiyaike

• 幕山川
• Makuyamakawa

• 幕山台
• Makuyamadai

• 幕西町
• Makunishichou

• 幕谷山
• Makutaniyama

• 幕張駅
• Makuhari Station (st)

• 幕張西
• Makuharinishi

• 幕張町
• Makuharichou

• 幕田町
• Makutamachi

• 幕内東
• Makuuchihigashi

• 幕別駅
• Makubetsu Station (st)

• 幕別橋
• Makubetsubashi

• 幕別町
• Makubetsuchou
• Makubetsu, Hokkaidō

• 幕野内
• Makunouchi

• 幕状骨
• tentorium
• tentorial

• 石灰幕
• travertine curtain

• 幕電光
• sheet lightning

• 黒幕で
• behind the scenes

• 第一幕
• Act One
• The first part

• 第二幕
• Act Two
• The second part
• The second act
• Act II

• 第三幕
• Act Three
• The third part
• The third act
• Act III

• 第四幕
• Act Four
• Act IV

• 二幕目
• Act Ⅱ (Nimakume)
• Act II

• 七幕。
• Seven sections

• 三幕目
• Act III

• 四幕目
• Act IV

• 五幕目
• Act V

• 六幕目
• Act VI

• 黒幕説
• View that there was a mastermind

• 幕府方
• Bakufu Side

• 幕末期
• The Late Edo Period
• The End of the Edo period
• In end of Edo Period

• 方向幕
• Rollsigns

• 幕間劇
• Intermedio

• 東幕駅
• Dongmak Station

• 水の幕
• water screen

• 一般幕僚
• general staff
• General Staff Officer

• 一幕見席
• special seats and standing-only space in the galley for people who only intend to see one act of a kabuki play

• 英語字幕
• English subtitles

• 鎌倉幕府
• Kamakura shogunate (1185-1333 CE)
• The Kamakura bakufu
• Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)
• In the Kamakura bakufu

• 旧幕時代
• the shogunate period
• the days of the shogunate regime
• The Tokugawa period

• 江戸幕府
• Edo shogunate (1603-1867)
• Edo bakufu
• The Edo bakufu
• Edo bakufu(Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)
• Tokugawa shogunate

• 字幕付き
• subtitled (of a movie, etc.)

• 室町幕府
• Muromachi shogunate (1336-1573 CE)
• Muromachi Bakufu
• The Muromachi bakufu
• In the Muromachi bakufu

• 承知の幕
• agreement

• 上部字幕
• surtitle
• supertitle

• 足利幕府
• Ashikaga shogunate (i.e. the Muromachi shogunate, 1336-1573 CE)
• Ashikaga Bakufu

• 尊王討幕
• reverence for the emperor and the overthrow of the shogunate

• 第一幕目
• first act (play, ballet, opera, etc.)

• 天幕造り
• tentmaker

• 統幕会議
• Joint Staff Council

• 徳川幕府
• Tokugawa shogunate (i.e. the Edo shogunate, 1603-1867)

• 特別幕僚
• special staff

• 幕があく
• to start an act (of a play)
• to have curtains open
• to have an (event, period of history, etc.) start

• 幕が開く
• to start an act (of a play)
• to have curtains open
• to have an (event, period of history, etc.) start

• 幕を引く
• to draw closed the curtain (of a theatre, etc.)
• to come to an end

• 幕を切る
• to start (e.g. a scene, a war, etc.)
• to end (e.g. a play, an episode, an event, etc.)

• 幕下上位
• 30 highest ranked makushita wrestlers

• 幕内十年
• 10 year career in the highest division is enough for anyone

• 幕藩体制
• the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate
• The shogunate system
• Bakuhan-taisei (the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate)

• 海浜幕張
• Kaihinmakuhari

• 京成幕張
• Keiseimakuhari

• 陣幕哲也
• Jinmaku Tetsuya

• 中瓜幕西
• Nakaurimakunishi

• 鶴巣幕柳
• Tsurusumakuyanagi

• 天幕沢川
• Tenmakusawagawa

• 東瓜幕西
• Higashiurimakunishi

• 平幕ノ内
• Tairamakunouchi

• 幕川温泉
• Makugawaonsen

• 幕張の浜
• Makuharinohama

• 幕張本郷
• Makuharihongou

• 幕田圭一
• Makuta Keiichi (h) (1935.9.11-)

• 幕田賢治
• Makuta Kenji (h) (1978.5.5-)

• 幕内雅俊
• Makuuchi Masatoshi

• 幕内秀夫
• Makuuchi Hideo

• 幕内東町
• Makuuchihigashimachi

• 幕之内峠
• Makunouchitouge

• 幕別旭町
• Makubetsuasahimachi

• 幕別錦町
• Makubetsunishikimachi

• 幕別幸町
• Makubetsusaiwaimachi

• 幕別寿町
• Makubetsukotobukimachi

• 幕別新町
• Makubetsushinmachi

• 幕別南町
• Makubetsuminamimachi

• 幕別平野
• Makubetsuheiya

• 幕別宝町
• Makubetsutakaramachi

• 幕別本町
• Makubetsumotomachi

• 幕別緑町
• Makubetsumidorimachi

• 光幕反射
• veiling reflection

• 幕になる
• come to an end

• 幕で覆う
• curtain

• 開幕試合
• opener

• 幕之内館
• Makunouchi-date

• 全五幕。
• Total five sections.

• 全六幕。
• It consists of six acts.

• 倒幕運動
• The Tobaku movement

• 幕政改革
• Reformation Of The Shogunate Government

• 幕府陸軍
• Bakufu rikugun (bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] army)

• 幕府海軍
• Bakufu kaigun (navy)

• 幕末百話
• Hundred stories concerning last days of the Tokugawa shogunate

• 幕臣時代
• Years as a Vassal of the Ashikaga Shogunate
• As a Shogun's Retainer

• 幕府宿老
• Shukuro (Chief Vassal) of the bakufu
• Shukuro (members of Hyojoshu, a highest office of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates, where administrative matters and legal disputes were discussed in council) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 移動水幕
• traveling water screen

• 水幕設備
• water curtain facilities

• 煙幕を張る
• to throw up a smoke screen

• 天幕製造人
• tentmaker

• 閉幕となる
• to come to a close (end)

• 幕が下りる
• to lower the curtain
• to come to an end

• 幕に上がる
• to be promoted to makuuchi (of a juryo-division wrestler)

• 幕の内弁当
• box lunch (containing rice and 10-15 small portions of fish, meat, and vegetables)
• Makunouchi-bento

• 幕を閉じる
• to come to an end
• to close the curtain

• 幕下付出し
• very successful amateur wrestler, allowed to start professional career in makushita division

• 海浜幕張駅
• Kaihinmakuhari Station (st)
• Kaihin-Makuhari Station

• 京成幕張駅
• Keiseimakuhari Station (st)

• 陣幕久五郎
• Jinmaku Kyuugorou, 12th sumo grand champion
• Kyugoro JINMAKU

• 大谷幕ヶ谷
• Ooyamakugaya

• 天幕の沢川
• Tenmakunosawagawa

• 幕張メッセ
• Makuharimesse
• Makuhari Messe

• 幕張本郷駅
• Makuharihongou Station (st)
• Makuhari-Hongō Station

• 幕で仕切る
• curtain

• 幕を下ろす
• drop the curtain

• 幕間の奏楽
• intermezzo

• 「幕切れ」
• 'Ending'

• 幕府の対応
• Responses of the bakufu
• The Response from the Shogunate

• 四幕八場。
• A play in four acts and eight scenes

• 一幕三場。
• The play consisted of three parts.

• 幻の二幕目
• Phantom second act

• 二幕構成。
• It consists of two parts.

• 幕末の動乱
• The disturbance during last days of the Tokugawa government

• 歴代の幕府
• Past bakufu

• 幕末政治史
• Political history of Bakumatsu

• 幕末の思想
• Ideology during bakumatsu

• 幕末の兵器
• Weapons in the bakumatsu period

• 幕藩体制論
• Bakuhan Taisei ron (a theory on shogunate ruling system)

• 幕府旗本。
• Shogunal retainer.

• 幕府目付。
• Metsuke (supervisor) for the bakufu.

• 幕府代官。
• Bakufu daikan (local governor)

• 幕末を基準
• The figure as of the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate

• 幕末の改革
• Reforms in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate

• 幕府の裁定
• The decision of the bakufu

• 諸将黒幕説
• The Control by Warriors Theory

• 倒幕の決断
• Decision to Overthrow the Shogunate

• 倒幕戦以後
• After Overthrowing the Shogunate

• 幕末維新期
• The Restoration period at the end of the Edo period

• 幕府医師。
• He was a doctor working for the shogunate.

• 倒幕戦争時
• During the Battle of anti-shogunate

• 旧幕臣衆。
• He was a former retainer of shogun.

• 統合幕僚長
• Chief of Staff, Joint Staff

• 統幕学校長
• Commandant, Joint Staff College

• 陸上幕僚長
• Chief of Staff, G.S.D.F.

• 海上幕僚長
• Chief of Staff, M.S.D.F.

• 航空幕僚長
• Chief of Staff, A.S.D.F.

• 字幕を隠す
• Hide subtitles

• 三幕の殺人
• Three Act Tragedy

• 幕末の人物
• People of Bakumatsu

• 字幕の有無
• subtitle availability

• のべつ幕なし
• without a break
• without stopping
• incessantly
• ceaselessly

• のべつ幕無し
• without a break
• without stopping
• incessantly
• ceaselessly

• 字幕スーパー
• subtitles (movie)

• 統合幕僚会議
• Joint Staff Council

• 幕下付け出し
• very successful amateur wrestler, allowed to start professional career in makushita division

• 幕内最高優勝
• tournament win in the highest division

• 海上幕僚監部
• Maritime Staff Office
• Maritime Staff Office

• 京成幕張本郷
• Keiseimakuharihongou

• 航空幕僚監部
• Air Staff Office

• 中川郡幕別町
• Nakagawagunmakubetsuchou

• 統合幕僚学校
• Joint Staff College

• 幕張海浜公園
• Makuharikaihin Park

• 陸上幕僚監部
• Ground Staff Office

• 等価光幕輝度
• equivalent veiling luminance

• 延べつ幕無し
• constantly

• 幕あいの余興
• divertissement

• 幕間の出し物
• divertissement

• 幕末・維新期
• End of the Edo period and Meiji Restoration

• 六幕十六場。
• Six acts and sixteen scenes

• 幕末の伊能図
• Ino map in the end of Edo period

• 幕末～明治期
• From the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period

• 幕末から近代
• From the End of the Edo Period to Modern Times

• 倒幕への経過
• The course to Tobaku

• 室町幕府滅亡
• The Fall of Muromachi bakufu

• 幕府軍の出陣
• Departure of the Army of the Bakufu

• 幕藩制構造論
• Bakuhansei Kozo ron (a theory of structure of shogunate system)

• 幕藩制国家論
• Bakuhansei Kokka ron (a theory on the nation of feudal shogunate system)

• 「東條幕府」
• TOJO Bakufu' (Japanese feudal government)

• 幕府大目付。
• Ometsuke (supervisor of Daimyo and vassals) for the bakufu.

• 幕内通算成績
• Record at Makuuchi

• 幕末期の活動
• Activities in the end of Edo period

• 晩年は幕臣。
• He served as a shogunate retainer in his later years.

• 室町幕府初期
• The early stage of the Muromachi bakufu

• 幕府の留守居
• Rusui in the bakufu

• 統合幕僚監部
• Joint Staff

• 統合幕僚副長
• Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff

• 陸上幕僚副長
• Vice Chief of Staff, G.S.D.F.

• 海上幕僚副長
• Vice Chief of Staff, M.S.D.F.

• 航空幕僚副長
• Vice Chief of Staff, A.S.D.F.

• 幕が下りた。
• The curtain fell.

• 字幕エディタ
• Timed text editor

• 江戸幕府将軍
• Tokugawa chronology (Japan)

• 室町幕府将軍
• Ashikaga chronology (Japan)

• 出る幕ではない
• it is none of one's business
• it is not one's place to say (do) something

• 京成幕張本郷駅
• Keiseimakuharihongou Station (st)

• 恐ろしい剣幕で
• threateningly

• 内幕をばらせば
• to let you in on a secret

• 幕末・明治以後
• After End of Edo Era and Beginning of Meiji

• 幕末：吉沢検校
• The end of Edo period: Yoshizawa Kengyo

• 江戸幕府の政策
• Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) policies

• 徳川幕藩体制下
• Under the feudal system characteristic of the Tokugawa shogunate

• 樟紀流花見幕張
• Kusunokiryu Hanami no Makuhari

• 一幕の時代物。
• It is a period piece and a one-act play.

• 五幕、時代物。
• It is a period piece consisting of five acts.

• 江戸幕府と摂家
• The Edo Bakufu and the Sekke

• 鎌倉幕府の設置
• Establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 室町幕府の設置
• Establishment of the Muromachi bakufu

• 江戸幕府の設置
• Establishment of the Edo bakufu

• 鎌倉幕府崩壊。
• Kamakura bakufu fell.

• その他の黒幕説
• Views which point out other masterminds

• 鎌倉幕府の滅亡
• The downfall of the Kamakura bakufu

• 幕末・明治時代
• End of Edo period and the Meiji period

• 鎌倉幕府の長。
• The leader of Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕末、戊辰戦争
• End of Edo period, and Boshi Civil War

• 幕府による追撃
• Pursuit by the bakufu

• 幕府の処分決定
• Punishments from the bakufu

• 幕末の「賊軍」
• 'Rebel army' at the end of the Edo period

• 幕府評定所概要
• Summary of the Hyojosho of the Edo Shogunate

• 幕末期の幕臣。
• He was a vassal of the Tokugawa Shogunate at the end of Edo Period.

• 幕末・明治維新
• The end of the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration

• 室町幕府将軍家
• Muromachi Shogunate

• 室町幕府管領。
• He was Muromachi bakufu kanrei (a shogunal deputy for the Muromachi bakufu).

• 江戸幕府旗本。
• He was a hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末政局と輔煕
• Political Situation at the End of Edo Period and Sukehiro

• 倒幕〜幕府創設
• From the Overthrow of the Kamakura Shogunate to the Founding of the Muromachi Shogunate

• 鎌倉幕府連署。
• He was a rensho (assistant to regents) of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 鎌倉・室町幕府
• Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 室町幕府の執事
• Shitsuji of the Muromachi bakufu

• 鎌倉幕府の政所
• Mandokoro of Kamakura bakufu

• 江戸幕府の旗本
• Hatamoto in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 幕があがった。
• The curtain rose.

• 江戸幕府の人物
• Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate

• キリストの幕屋
• Makuya

• 幕を切って落とす
• to start (e.g. a scene, a war, etc.)
• begin

• 成立から幕末まで
• From the Establishment of the School to the End of the Edo Era

• 黒幕（くろまく）
• 'Kuromaku' (a power broker, or a string puller)

• 江戸時代、幕末頃
• Around the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, Edo period

• 幕臣・壱岐国守。
• He was a shogun's retainer and Iki no kuni no Kami (Governor of Iki Province).

• 時は流れて幕末。
• Time passed to the end of the Edo period.

• 室町幕臣 松田氏
• The Matsuda clan serving as Muromachi Shogunate's retainer

• - 鎌倉幕府滅亡
• The Kamakura bakufu fell.

• 江戸幕府の廃止。
• Abolition of the Edo Shogunate;

• 大名・幕閣の動向
• Movement of Daimyo and the Cabinet Officials of Shogunate

• 幕府裁定の正当性
• Legitimacy of bakufu's decisions

• 幕藩体制の成立期
• Period of establishment of the shogunate and domain system

• 幕府の権威復興へ
• Recovering the Shogunate's Power

• 鎌倉幕府御家人。
• He was a vassal of the Kamakura Shogunate.
• A gokenin (an immediate vassal) of the Kamakura Shogunate

• 幕府有力御家人。
• He was a powerful vassal of the Kamakura Shogunate.

• 幕末の動乱の中で
• Life Throughout the Upheaval of the Tokugawa Shogunate's Last Days.

• 幕府の宿老として
• Chief vassal of the bakufu

• 室町幕府の管領。
• He was the kanrei (shogun's deputy).

• 室町幕府奉公衆。
• Hokoshu (shogunal military guard) of the Muromachi shogunate.

• 室町幕府の幕臣。
• He was a Shogun's retainer in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 徳川幕府との関係
• Relationship with the Tokugawa Shogunate

• 反幕府派の公卿。
• He was one of the anti-shogunate nobilities.

• 室町幕府の恩賞方
• Onshogata in the Muromachi bakufu

• 江戸幕府の職名。
• It was a post in the Edo bakufu government.

• 江戸幕府の側用人
• Sobayonin in the Edo bakufu

• 垂れ幕を提供する
• provide with drapery

• 有史時代の幕開け
• the dawn of recorded history

• 幕末長州藩の人物
• People from Chōshū domain

• 幕末の藩別の人物
• People by domain in Japan

• 幕末会津藩の人物
• Aizu-Matsudaira retainers

• 幕末土佐藩の人物
• People from Tosa Domain

• 幕末薩摩藩の人物
• People from Satsuma Domain

• (の)出る幕はない
• have no role to play

• 江戸幕府による統制
• Control by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• これを片幕という。
• This is called 'Katamaku' (one-side curtain).

• 室町幕府の年中行事
• Annual Event of the Muromachi Shogunate:

• 江戸幕府の年中行事
• Annual Event of the Edo Shogunate:

• 三幕八場の世話物。
• A sewamono (play dealing with the lives of ordinary people) of three acts, eight scenes

• 第六幕　倉狩峠の場
• Act 6 - Scene at Kuragari-toge Pass

• 幕末には200石。
• The stipend became 200 koku at the end of Edo period.

• 幕藩体制と明律研究
• Feudal system characteristics of the shogunate and research on the Ming code

• 鎌倉幕府の執権一覧
• A list of Shikken (Shogunal regents) to the Kamakura bakufu

• 室町幕府を開いた。
• Later he established the Muromachi bakufu.

• 幕府における評定始
• Hyojohajime of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 鎌倉幕府の統治構造
• Governing Structure of the Kamakura Bakufu

• 存立原理と幕府機構
• The Principle of Existence and the Bakufu System

• 16世紀～幕末まで
• From the 16th century to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate

• 旧幕軍は瓦解した。
• The former bakufu side fell apart.

• 鎌倉幕府・室町幕府
• The Kamakura Bakufu and the Muromachi Bakufu - Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun.

• 幕府と持氏との対立
• Confrontation between the bakufu and Mochiuji

• （例）煙幕をはる。
• (e.g.) Make a smoky screen emerge.

• 本能寺の変の黒幕説
• A view to see Hideyoshi as a mastermind of the incident at Honno-ji Temple

• 幕府申次衆・奉公衆
• Civil Servant and Military Posts in the Muromachi Shogunate

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人。
• He was an immediate retainer of shogun in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a vassal (gokenin) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun).
• He was a Gokenin (direct vassal) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a gokenin (a shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a gokenin or a shogunal retainer of the Kamakura bakufu.
• He was the an immediate vassal to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate through the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 朝廷・幕府との関係
• The Mori Clan's Relationship with the Imperial Court and the Shogunate

• 室町幕府の御供衆。
• He was a member of Otomoshu (Attendant group, who attended the Shogun Takauji Ashikaga to go up to the ancient capital Kyoto) of the Muromachi Bakufu.

• 会津小鉄 (幕末)
• AIZU no Kotetsu

• 室町幕府の「公方」
• 'Kubo' in the Muromachi bakufu

• 室町幕府での御供衆
• Otomoshu within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government head by a shogun).

• 字幕のアップロード
• Upload subtitles

• 字幕ファイルの言語
• Subtitle file language

• Sami 字幕形式
• Sami subtitle format

• Kate 字幕形式
• Kate subtitle format

• バス—方向幕巻取器
• Buses−Destination indicators

• (の)出る幕ではない
• have no place

• 河竹黙阿弥作、六幕。
• It was written by Mokuami KAWATAKE and consists of six acts.

• 河竹黙阿弥作、三幕。
• It is a play in three acts, written by Mokuami KAWATAKE.

• 第3幕 城内溜りの場
• Act 3: Scene of tamari (a dark sauce) in the castle

• 第四幕　四條河原の場
• Act 4 - Scene at Shijogawara

• 後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動
• Emperor Godaigo's Movement to Overthrow the Bakufu

• 幕末まで鋳造された。
• Minting continued until the end of Edo period.

• （詳細は討幕の密勅）
• (For details, see secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate)

• 霜月騒動後の鎌倉幕府
• Kamakura bakufu after the Shimotsuki incident

• 誕生から鎌倉幕府滅亡
• From Birth to the Fall of the Kamakura Shogunate

• 鎌倉幕府の初代執権。
• He was the first shikken (shogunal regent) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 生い立ちと幕末の活動
• Background and Activities at the End of Edo Period

• 幕末期の薩摩藩藩士。
• He was a member of the Satsuma clan during the end of the Edo period.

• 討幕運動に邁進した。
• He strove for the anti-shogunate movement.

• 幕臣の家に生まれる。
• He was born in the family of a Shogun's retainer.

• - 鎌倉幕府評定衆。
• Added as a member of Kamakura bakufu hyojoshu.

• 「政界の黒幕」となる
• Becoming a 'Mastermind in Politics'

• 鎌倉幕府の職制の一。
• It was one component of the office organization system within the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府の職制の一。
• It was one component of the office organization system within the Muromachi bakufu as well.

• 江戸幕府の旗本の定義
• Definitions of Hatamoto in the Edo Bakufu

• 黒幕的な存在は誰だ。
• Who's pulling the strings behind the scenes?

• 幕のようなもので覆う
• cover as if with a shroud

• 鎌倉幕府の征夷大将軍
• Kamakura shoguns

• 連邦軍指揮幕僚大学校
• Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr

• 江戸幕府の征夷大将軍
• Tokugawa shoguns

• 室町幕府の征夷大将軍
• Ashikaga shoguns

• ７月が幕を開けました。
• July has arrived.

• 河竹黙阿弥作、全六幕。
• Mokuami KAWATAKE is the author of this program made up of six acts.
• This play consisting of six parts was written by Mokuami KAWATAKE.

• 三幕目 愛宕山連歌の場
• The third act: The scene of the Linked Verse Session at Mt. Atago

• 序幕　向島梅若殺しの場
• Prologue: the scene of killing Umewaka in Mukojima

• 二幕目　向島惣太内の場
• The second act: Mukojima Sota nai no ba

• 第2幕 吉野山桜狩の場
• Act 2: Scene of Sakuragari (Cherry blossom Viewing) on Mt. Yoshino

• 山岡鉄太郎：幕臣出身。
• Tetsutaro YAMAOKA: He was originally a vassal of the shogun in the Tokugawa shogunate.

• 幕臣から細川氏の家老へ
• From shogun's retainer to Karo (chief retainer)

• 関ヶ原の戦いと倒幕運動
• The Battle of Sekigahara and the Tobaku movement

• 鎌倉幕府の半公式記録。
• A semi-official record of events connected to the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕末での陽明学の信奉者
• Adherents of Yomeigaku during the final days of the Tokugawa Shogunate

• 幕府は再びこれを拒否。
• The Bakufu refused the request again.

• 幕府は山鹿を処罰した。
• Yabaga was punished by bakufu.

• ふいご党の幕府軍加勢説
• The theory of the Fuigo party's back up for the bakufu army

• 室町幕府の幕臣である。
• Sadataka was a 'bakushin' (shogun's retainer) of the Muromachi bakufu (shogunate).

• 江戸幕府の支配に関して
• Concerning the control of the Edo bakufu

• 江戸幕府の大老である。
• He was the Tairo (chief minister) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府初代鎌倉公方。
• He was the first Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) in Muromachi shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府の有力御家人。
• He was a senior vassal of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was a powerful senior vassal in the Kamakura bakufu.
• He was influential gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 後裔は江戸幕臣となる。
• His descendants served as the vassals of the Edo Shogunate.

• 父は幕臣馬場兵右衛門。
• His father was Hyoemon Baba who was the vassal of the shogun.

• 幕末四大人斬りの一人。
• He was one of the Bakumatsu Shidai Hitokiri (Four famous assassins of Bakumatsu, end of the Edo period).

• 豊臣幕下の小大名として
• The period as a minor feudal lord in the Toyotomi government

• 室町幕府の衰退と納銭方
• Decline of the Muromachi bakufu and the Nosenkata

• 江戸幕府の職名の一つ。
• Names of job titles in Edo bakufu

• 幕府と朝廷をはばかる。
• Standing in awe of the Bakufu and the Imperial Court, the above names were not used.

• 室町幕府における副将軍
• Vice shogun in Muromachi period

• この劇は三幕からなる。
• This play has three acts.

• 幼虫が天幕毛虫であるガ
• moth whose larvae are tent caterpillars

• 無事幕を引き終えて終了。
• The performance ends when he is done drawing the curtain.

• 二幕目　芝神明芝居前の場
• Act two: the scene at the front of a playhouse in the precincts of Shiba Shinmei Shrine

• 序幕 饗応の場（眉間割）
• The first act: The Banquet scene (stabbing the forehead)

• 第1幕 大阪城内奥殿の場
• Act 1: A scene of Okudono (manor) in the Osaka castle

• 第5幕　渡辺内蔵介邸の場
• Act 5: Scene of Kuranosuke WATANABE's residence

• 第6幕　片桐邸奥書院の場
• Act 6: Scene of Oku Shoin, the inner drawing room of the Katagiri residence.

• 第五幕　今出川道具屋の場
• Act 5 - Scene at the Shop in Imadegawa

• で、戻って揚幕が上がると
• After a while, the leading character appears again from age-maku (curtain at the end of the elevated runway).

• 鎌倉・室町幕府と源氏一門
• Minamoto family in Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 幕府、使者61名を処刑。
• The Bakufu executed 61 members of the envoy.

• 幕末の日米交渉を描いた。
• The film portrayed the US-Japan trade negotiations that took place at the end of the Edo Period.

• 憲実は幕府に救援を請う。
• Norizane asked the bakufu for help.

• 小藩及び、幕府旗本の家老
• Karo in small domains and Karo in the Hatamoto of the bakufu

• 大老格として幕政を主導。
• He led the shogunate government as Tairo (chief minister).

• 別格：江戸幕府徳川将軍家
• The special status family: The Tokugawa Shogun family in control of the Edo bakufu

• モンゴルの興亡と室町幕府
• Rise and Fall of Mongolia, and Muromachi Shogunate

• 鎌倉幕府と自由任官の禁止
• Kamakura bakufu and the prohibition of direct appointments (Jiyuninkan)

• 薩摩藩の挑発と幕臣の暴発
• The Provocation by Satsuma Domain and Outbreak of Shogun's Retainer

• 旧幕府側の主戦論と恭順論
• The war advocacy policy and allegiance policy toward the new government (Imperial government) within the former Tokugawa shogunate side

• 幕府事務官僚の日記、筆録
• Diaries and written records of the government officials

• 『六歌仙容彩』の第三幕。
• It is 'Rokkasen Sugata no Irodori' chapter three.

• 駿河飯尾氏（幕府相伴衆）
• Suruga Inoo clan which served as a private guard of the shogun

• 幕府からも時服を賜った。
• He also received jifuku (clothes of the season) from the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府最後の鎮西探題。
• He was the last Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 方向幕の地色は青である。
• The rollsign has a blue background.

• 鎌倉幕府における官途奉行
• Kanto bugyo during the Kamakura bakufu:

• 室町幕府における官途奉行
• Kanto bugyo in the Muromachi bakufu:

• 万雷のうちに幕が下りた。
• The curtain fell amid the wild applause of the audience.

• この歌劇は５幕ものです。
• This is an opera in five acts.

• この歌劇は３幕からなる。
• This opera has three acts.

• 字幕エディタの読み込み中
• Loading timed text editor

• 広い幕のように見える稲光
• lightning that appears as a broad sheet

• 字幕は役立って伝えられる
• the subtitles are helpfully conveyed

• プリザヴェイション第一幕
• Preservation Act 1
• Preservation Act 2

• アメリカ陸軍指揮幕僚大学
• United States Army Command and General Staff College

• 幕末機関説 いろはにほへと
• Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto

• 幕府の狼狽ぶりを皮肉った。
• The kyoka was a satire on the dismay of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 実は大記は嵐山盗難の黒幕。
• In fact, Daiki was the mastermind behind the theft of Arashiyama.

• 幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 二幕目 第二場 五人切の場
• Act Ⅱ, Scene 2: The scene of Gonin-giri

• 第4幕 豊国神社鳥居前の場
• Act 4: Scene in front of the torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) to Hokoku-jinja Shrine

• 第二幕　鷹野の場　陣屋の場
• Act 2 - Scene of Hawking, Scene at Jinya (regional government office)

• 結果、鎌倉幕府は滅亡する。
• Eventually, the Kamakura bakufu was overthrown.

• 事実上室町幕府を滅ぼした。
• He actually exterminated the Muromachi bakufu.

• 橘曙覧 - 幕末期の歌人。
• TACHIBANA no Akemi: Waka poet, who lived at the end of Edo period.

• 戦乱の拡大と室町幕府の崩壊
• The spread of wars and rebellions and the collapse of the Muromachi bakufu

• 鎌倉幕府滅亡（1333年）
• 1333: The Kamakura bakufu is overthrown.

• 鎌倉幕府連署・引付頭人一覧
• A list of rensho (co-signatories, assistants to the Shogunal regents) and hikitsuke tonin (tribunal judges) of the Kamakura bakufu

• 1407年（永楽5） 幕府
• 1407: Bakufu

• 1408年（永楽6） 幕府
• 1408: Bakufu

• 1410年（永楽8） 幕府
• 1410: Bakufu

• 1433年（宣徳8） 幕府
• 1433: Bakufu

• 1453年（景泰4） 幕府
• 1453: Bakufu

• 江戸幕府第5代征夷大将軍。
• The fifth Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu.

• 幕府や大名の存在感の誇示。
• It was to represent the influence and power of Bakufu and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord);

• 副議長に旧幕臣の神田孝平。
• The deputy chairman was Kohei KANDA who was former retainer of shogun.

• 室町幕府の初代征夷大将軍。
• He was the 1st Seii Taishogun of the Muromachi Shogunate.

• 室町幕府の相伴衆、管領代。
• He was a Shobanshu (officials who accompany the Shogun) and Kanrei-dai (representative of a shogunal deputy) for the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府により改易された。
• The family was deprived of its status and forfeited the family territories.

• 徳川慶喜の家臣・幕臣として
• As Retainer of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA

• 室町幕府末期の幕臣である。
• He was also a shogun's retainer at the end of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府の宿老・西国探題。
• He was shukuro (chief vassal) and saigoku tandai (local commissioner in the western part of Japan) of the Edo shogunate.

• 旧幕府軍は新政府軍に降伏。
• The former Edo bakufu army (the former army of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) surrendered to the New government army.

• 室町幕府の初代美濃国守護。
• He was the first shugo (provincial constable) of Mino Province under the Muromachi bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の滅亡と建武中興期
• The fall of the Kamakura Shogunate and the Kenmu Restoration period

• 朝廷は幕府に半ば脅される。
• The emperor was effectively threatened by the shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府第3代執権である。
• Yasutoki HOJO was the third regent of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 室町幕府の奉公衆を務める。
• He served as hokoshu (a military post in Muromachi Shogunate) of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の初代問注所執事。
• He was the first director of Monchujo (an organization in charge of administering lawsuits) during the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 方向幕の地色は緑色である。
• The rollsign has a green background.

• 柳営とは幕府の別名である。
• Ryuei is another name for the Shogunate.

• 室町幕府初期の将軍補佐職。
• Shogunal deputy during the early stages of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 室町幕府・戦国大名の御家人
• Gokenin (samurai retainers) associated with daimyo (warrior generals) of the Muromachi bakufu and Warring States Period

• 幕が終わり明かりがついた。
• The act ended and the lights were turned on.

• 私は誰が黒幕が知っている。
• I know who is pulling the strings.

• 音楽会は国歌で幕となった。
• The concert concluded with the National Anthem.

• TMPlayer 字幕形式
• TMPlayer subtitle format

• 一幕目には3つの場面がある
• the first act has three scenes

• 「褌の強いはやがて幕になり」
• 'Fundoshi no tsuyoi wa yagate maku ni nari' ('Tightly fastened fundoshi loincloth will make the wrestler strong enough to be promoted to maku-uchi or top division of sumo ranking')

• 門が引かれ無音で幕がしまる。
• The gate closes and the curtain is drawn in silence.

• 序幕 第一場 佃沖新地鼻の場
• Act Ⅰ, Scene 1: The scene of Tsukuda-oki Shinchi-bana

• 序幕 第二場 深川大和町の場
• Act Ⅰ, Scene 2: The scene of Fukagawa Yamato-cho

• 二幕目 第一場 二軒茶屋の場
• Act Ⅱ, Scene 1: The scene of Niken-jaya

• 戊辰戦争の時、幕府側に附く。
• In the Boshin War he sided with bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1338年 室町幕府が誕生。
• 1338: The Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established.

• 1573年 室町幕府が滅亡。
• 1573: The Muromachi bakufu fell.

• 鎌倉幕府開設以前からの古社。
• It was an old shrine founded before the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕兵との戦闘も行われている。
• They also fought with the bakufu forces.

• 直義の死後は幕府に帰参した。
• After Tadayoshi's death the clan returned to serving the bakufu.

• 幕府軍は水源を絶とうとした。
• The bakufu army attempted to cut off the castle's water supply.

• 1435年（宣徳10） 幕府
• 1435: Bakufu

• 1477年（成化13） 幕府
• 1477: Bakufu

• 1484年（成化20） 幕府
• 1484: Bakufu

• 幕府の法律、特に犯罪と裁判。
• Bakufu's law, especially for crimes and trials

• 藤堂平助：幕末の新撰組隊士。
• Heisuke TODO: a member of Shinsen-gumi masterless warriors' party who lived in the end of Edo period

• 幕政関係・藩政関係の公的文書
• Official documents related to shogunate and domain administration

• 翌年に幕府の四代将軍となる。
• The following year, he became the 4th Shogun.

• 7月1日、幕府管領代に就任。
• July 1: Assumed postion of Bakufu Kanreidai (representative of a shogunal deputy of the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 旧幕臣で、若田重三郎の三男。
• Eikichi was a former retainer of the shogunate and was the third son of Juzaburo WAKATA.

• 江戸幕府最後の天文方である。
• He was the last Tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) under Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
• He was the last Tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 6月28日、幕府連署と就る。
• June 28 - Appointed bakufu rensho (assistant to regent)

• - 上京して佐幕活動に従事。
• He went up to Kyoto and served for supporting activities for the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府執権北条義時の三男。
• He was the third son of Yoshitoki HOJO, the regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府最後の執権北条守時の弟。
• He was a younger brother of Moritoki HOJO, who was the last regent of the bakufu.

• 子孫は代々幕臣となっている。
• His descendants became Shogun's retainers for generations.

• 土佐藩邸跡（幕末）：北部構内
• The Relics of the Residence of Tosa-han Clan (the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate) : in North Campus

• 室町幕府の問注所・政所の長。
• The head of Monchujo (the office of inquiry) or Mandokoro of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 江戸幕府における職名の一つ。
• A governmental post of the Edo bakufu.

• そのとき幕はあきかけていた。
• The curtain was rising then.

• 字幕つきの（映画を）供給する
• supply (a movie) with subtitles

• 字幕は私が読む前に流れていく
• the titles go by faster than I can read

• 彼はその像の除幕式に出席した
• he attended the unveiling of the statue

• 長幕崖壁及び崖錐の特殊植物群落
• Nagamakugaihekioyobigansuinotokushushokubutsugunraku

• こうして彼の優勝で幕を閉じた。
• Thus, it ended with his victory.

• あらすじ（原作の二幕目三幕目）
• Story line (the second and third acts of the original work)

• この一幕で、座頭、若衆、女形。
• In this act, Zagashira (a leading actor of the troupe), Wakashu (a youg man),Onnagata (a male actor in female Kabuki roles).

• 二幕目 本能寺の場（馬盥の場）
• Second act: Honno-ji Temple (The Horsetub scene)

• 鎌倉幕府の都市計画：鎌倉六大路
• City planning of the Kamakura bakufu: Kamakura roku oji (Kamakura's Six Big Streets)

• 鎌倉幕府に次ぐ幕府政権である。
• It was Japan's second Bakufu government, following the Kamakura Bakufu.

• 今回は幕府の対応は強硬だった。
• On this occasion the bakufu took strong measures.

• 幕府重臣らは半信半疑であった。
• The senior vassals of the bakufu were dubious of the news.

• 幕末には世直し一揆が起こった。
• At the end of the Edo period, yonaoshi ikki (peasant uprising to reform society) occurred.

• 幕府は徳政令を発して対応する。
• The shogunate government coped with the matter by issuing the Tokuseirei (ordering the return of land sold and the dissolution of debts), but society remained in chaos.

• 将軍指令説 / 室町幕府再興説
• The Shogun's Order Theory/Muromachi Shogunate Restoration Theory

• 八郎は上手く幕府を出し抜いた。
• Hachiro succeeded in outwitting the Shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝の正室。
• She was the wife of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the man who established the Kamakura Shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府を開き武家政治を創始。
• He was a founder of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and established himself as a warrior.

• 鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝の長女。
• She was the eldest daughter of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who founded Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府は3代執権北条泰時の時代。
• At the time the bakufu was headed by Yasutoki HOJO, the third regent.

• 幕府成立後は伊豆国守護に任命。
• After the establishment of the shogunate, he was appointed as Shugo (military governor) of Izu Province.

• 奥羽の形勢は一気に佐幕に傾く。
• The tide in Ou changed to support the shogunate.

• 妻は旧幕臣大久保肥後守の娘安。
• His wife was Yasu, a daughter of OKUBO Higo no kami (governor of Higo Province), a former retainer of shogun.

• 天文7年、幕府相伴衆に列する。
• In 1538, he became a member of the Sobanshu (a group of officials who accompany the Shogun).

• 室町幕府の引付所頭人を務める。
• He served as the hikitsuke tonin (the chief of the judicial board) of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 平盛時 (鎌倉幕府政所知家事)
• TAIRA no Moritoki (Mandorkoro Chikeji [an official working under a director of the administrative board] of the Kamakura bakufu)

• 幕末には中島 作太郎と名乗る。
• He took the name of Sakutaro NAKAJIMA in the end of Edo period.

• 父は鎌倉幕府の重臣・稲毛重成。
• His father, Shigenari INAGE, was a senior vassal of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 江戸幕府天文方山路主住の嫡男。
• He was a legitimate son of Nushizumi YAMAJI, Tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府二代将軍源頼家の側室。
• She was a concubine of the second Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, MINAMOTO no Yoriie.

• 室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の室。
• She was a wife of the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

• 鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝の嫡男。
• He was the legitimate son of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who had founded Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕府滅亡後は室町幕府に仕えた。
• After the Kamakura bakufu fell, he served the Muromachi bakufu.

• 8月、鎌倉幕府政所別当に復職。
• In August he reassumed the post of Director of the Administrative Board of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 特急の方向幕の地色は赤である。
• The background of the rollsign of a limited express train is red.

• 室町幕府もこの方針を踏襲した。
• The Muromachi bakufu also followed the procedure.

• 彼らがその陰謀の黒幕であった。
• They were at the bottom of the scheme.

• その物語は彼の死で幕を閉じる。
• The story ends with his death.

• 騒然としたり非常に感情的な一幕
• an episode that is turbulent or highly emotional

• この幕間は2つの楽章の間に入る
• This interludes intervenes between the two movements

• 朝廷、幕府などにより定められる。
• It was determined by the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 歌舞伎仮名手本忠臣蔵大序の幕開き
• The opening of the daijo (prologue) of kabuki 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers)

• 前シテ一行の道行きで幕を開ける。
• The play begins with the travel-dance scene of the party of Mae-Shite (leading role of the first half).

• 幕末以後に京阪の少女に結われた。
• This hairstyle was worn by the girls in Kyoto and Osaka at the end of the Edo Period and after.

• 以後、幕府に奉公衆として仕えた。
• After that he served bakufu as hokoshu.

• 鎌倉幕府、宇治川から伏見を攻める
• The Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) attacked Fushimi across the Uji River.

• 幕府： 律令制の近衛大将の唐名。
• Bakufu: Tang name for Konoe Daisho (Imperial guard chief) under the Ritsuryo System.

• 幕末の明保野亭事件の舞台である。
• It is the scene of Akebonotei Jiken (the Akebonotei incident) occurred in the era toward the end of the Edo period.

• 豊臣秀吉本能寺の変の黒幕説参照。
• Refer to the view that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was the mastermind of Honnnoji Incident.

• 6月13日、京方と幕府軍は衝突。
• On the thirteenth day of the sixth month, the capital faction and the shogunal army met in battle.

• 室町幕府成立から足利義満時代まで
• The period from the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu to the time of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA

• ここで幕府軍は苦戦を強いられる。
• Here, the army of the bakufu was forced into a hard fight.

• 幕藩制（ばくはんせい）ともいう。
• It is also called 'Bakuhan-sei' (literally, 'a system of bakufu and han').

• 幕府派遣の討伐軍に攻められ自害。
• Ujinori committed suicide after having been attacked by a punitive force dispatched from the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 「幕府に対する恨みは全くない。」
• I do no have anything against the bakufu.'

• 室町幕府8代将軍足利義政の正室。
• She was the lawful wife of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate.

• 置鮎龍太郎 『幕末恋華 新選組』
• Acted by Ryotaro OKIAYU 'Bakumatsu Renka Shinsengumi'.

• これらが幕府の財政を悪化させた。
• These policies worsened the financial condition of the government.

• 幕政を主導する中枢の一人となる。
• He thus became one of the core members of the bakufu government.

• 後に幕医の松本良甫の養子となる。
• Later, he was adopted by a doctor of shogunate, Ryoho MATSUMOTO.

• 幕臣川勝氏も河勝の子孫を称した。
• The Kawakatsu clan, a shogun's retainer also claimed to be a descendant of Kawakatsu.

• お登勢は、幕末期の寺田屋の女将。
• Otose was a landlady of the Teradaya Inn, who lived during the end of the Edo Period.

• 室町幕府の引付衆にも任じられた。
• He was also appointed to hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の倒幕にも参加している。
• The Uragami clan also joined the coup to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.

• 母は鎌倉幕府の執権北条貞時の娘。
• His mother was a daughter of Sadatoki HOJO, a regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人、比企朝宗の娘。
• She was a daugther of Tomomune HIKI who was a Gokenin (a vassal of the shogunate) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府の第2代九州探題である。
• Naouji ISSHIKI was the second Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) of the Muromachi Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人、比企能員の娘。
• She was a daughter of Yoshikazu HIKI, a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府9代執権北条貞時の側室。
• She was a concubine of Sadatoki HOJO, ninth shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府8代将軍足利義政の寵臣。
• A favorite retainer of the eighth shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

• 新撰組や幕末の志士らと交わした。
• She had intimate relationships with members of Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) and supporters of a noble cause who lived towards the end of the Edo bakufu period.

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人、安達景盛の娘。
• She was the daughter of Kagemori ADACHI, an immediate vassal of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 室町幕府6代将軍足利義教の側室。
• She was a concubine of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA who was the sixth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人、安達盛長の妻。
• She was a wife of Morinaga ADACHI who was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• これをもって室町幕府は滅亡した。
• This was the end of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 結果的に幕府からの処罰を免れる。
• As a result he was not punished by the government.

• 父は鎌倉幕府第2代執権北条義時。
• His father was Yoshitoki HOJO, the second regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府第16代（最後）の執権。
• He was the sixteenth (last) regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の政所初代別当（長官）。
• He was the first chief officer of Administrative Board for Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 方向幕の色は朱色に白文字である。
• The rollsign is a vermilion background with white letters.

• 室町幕府による土倉・酒屋への課税
• Taxation on the doso and sakaya by the Muromachi bakufu

• 鎌倉幕府・室町幕府に置かれた職。
• Positions of Tandai set within the Kamakura and Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府の書記としての役目を務めた。
• They served as amanuenses of bakufu.

• 幕府の造営修繕の管理に掌る役職。
• The post covered administration of construction and maintenance under the bakufu government.

• 記念式典は閉会の辞で幕を閉じた。
• The commemorative ceremony ended with the closing address.

• ついに戦は幕をきって落とされた。
• The war finally broke out.

• 字幕のアップロードに成功しました
• Upload of timed text was successful

• やがて幕政にも参加するようになる。
• After a while, he came to have involvement in shogunal administration.

• 貞置家は高家旗本として幕末に至る。
• The Sadaoki family lasted until the end of the Edo period as Koke-Hatamoto.

• 序幕　品川島崎楼の場・八つ山下の場
• Prologue: the scene at Shimazakiro (licensed quarters) in Shinagawa ・ the scene of Yatsuyamashita

• 現在は三幕五場の構成となっている。
• Currently, it is a play in three acts and five scenes.

• 幕末まで二代に渡り天文方を務めた。
• Two generations of the family served as Tenmonkata until the end of Edo period.

• 第三幕　多賀御殿の場　高橋居宅の場
• Act 3 - Scene at the Palace of the Taga Family, Scene at the Residence of Takahashi

• 承久の乱では幕府側が勝利を収めた。
• In the Jokyu War, the Bakufu side won.

• 以後、小禄ながら幕末まで存続する。
• After that, even if their stipend was small, the clan survived until the end of the Edo period.

• 室町幕府滅亡（元亀4年・1573）
• The Fall of Muromachi Bakufu (1573)

• 後、西の諸藩が倒幕の元に終結する。
• Subsequently, various clans in western Japan gathered together with the powers seeking tobaku.

• 足利義満・義持時代と幕府権力の確立
• The bakufu's grip on power tightens during Yoshimitsu and Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA's reigns

• 江戸時代には幕府が一揆を禁止した。
• In the Edo period, the shogunate government prohibited ikki.

• 1401年（建文3） 幕府（祖阿）
• 1401: Bakufu (Soa)

• 室町幕府の政権をめぐる戦いのこと。
• It was a power struggle over the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の将軍（鎌倉殿）の補佐役。
• Assistant to the shogun (Kamakura-dono) of the Kamakura Bakufu.

• 幕府の政策意思決定の最高合議機関。
• The supreme council system of policy decision within the bakufu.

• 幕府は権力と経済を分散させている。
• The shogunate government separated political power from econoic power.

• 江戸幕府の外交顧問としても働いた。
• He also worked as a diplomatic adviser to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 宇和島藩は幕府の出兵命令を拒んだ。
• The Uwajima clan refused the order of the bakufu to dispatch the troops.

• 年貢を旧幕府時代の水準への据置き。
• To keep the same amount of nengu (annual tribute, land tax) as the level of former Edo bakufu era.

• 幕府軍の追討を受けて敗北している。
• His army was hunted down by the bakufu army and was defeated.

• 持組(もちぐみ)は江戸幕府の組織。
• Mochigumi was an organization in the Edo bakufu.

• 朝廷や幕府はこうした行為を禁じた。
• The Imperial Court and bakufu prohibited these actions.

• 鎌倉幕府3代将軍・源実朝の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 3rd shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, MINAMOTO no Sanetomo

• 旧幕時代の経歴と直接の関係はない。
• It is not directly related to his former career in bakufu.

• そのため幕府敗北は決定的となった。
• The defeat of the shogunate was decided.

• 幕府管領・細川政元の養子となった。
• He became an adopted son of Masamoto HOSOKAWA who was a Bakufu Kanrei (shogunal deputy).

• 明治9年には旧幕臣の娘千代と結婚。
• In 1876 he married Chiyo, the daughter of a former retainer of the shogun.

• 鎌倉幕府の御家人で、初代侍所別当。
• He was a Gokenin (a Shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Shogunate) and the first Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers).

• ここに戦いの幕が切って落とされた。
• This was the time when the battle broke out.

• 1865年、幕府陸軍伝習所に入所。
• In 1865, he entered Bakufu Rikugun Denshujo (the bakufu's military school).

• 倒幕運動に参加し、武力倒幕を主張。
• Itagaki took part in the anti-Shogunate movement, insisting on overthrowing the Shogunate with military power.

• 室町幕府奉公衆として京都にあった。
• Tsuneyori resided in Kyoto as hokoshu, an official serving the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府からは（悪党）とよばれた。
• He was called 'rebel' by the Kamakura Shogunate.

• 幕府の暦制を批判したためであった。
• That was because he criticized the calendar system of bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府第6代執権北条長時の嫡男。
• The legitimate son of Nagatoki HOJO the sixth regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• この政権は後に鎌倉幕府と呼ばれる。
• Later, the government was called the Kamakura bakufu.

• 彼らが幕府初期官僚組織を形成する。
• They formed the initial bureaucratic organization of the bakufu.

• 政所は鎌倉幕府の統治機構のひとつ。
• Mandokoro was a governing institution that was part of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 彼は非常な剣幕で私をにらみ付けた。
• He glared at me fiercely.

• 彼は内幕をばらすといっていますよ。
• He says he'll blow the story open.

• その劇団は３幕ものの劇を上演した。
• The company presented a three-act play.

• 幕を開けた方がよろしいでしょう。」
• I suppose we'd better open the ball.'

• 呼び鈴の音は、最終幕が開く合図だ。
• And the sound of the door-bell would be the beginning of the end

• 道化役はじっさい幕前に呼び出され、
• Pulcinella was actually called before the curtain.

• 火事の場合に下がる耐火性の劇場の幕
• a fireproof theater curtain to be dropped in case of fire

• 巨人は反撃して、開幕試合を獲得した
• The Giants struck back and won the opener

• 小栗宗湛のあと幕府の御用絵師になる。
• He became a painter patronized by the shogunate (government) after Sotan OGURI.

• 元は江戸幕府御用達の和紙・竹製品店。
• It was originally a purveyor of Japanese paper and bamboo products to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• - 1820－1868 幕末に活躍。
• 1820 - 1868: he was active at the end of Edo period.

• 幕府が15000両を出して修復した。
• The Edo bakufu spent 15,000 ryo (currency unit) for its restoration.

• 父は鎌倉幕府の第9代執権・北条貞時。
• His father was Sadatoki HOJO, the 9th shogunal regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末の戦闘ほど世に悲しい出来事はない
• There is nothing more tragic than the battles at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate

• いずれも幕府の指導者に影響を与えた。
• Each such visitor was to have a significant influence on the leaders of the bakufu.

• それでもなお、幕府の対応は鈍かった。
• Nevertheless, the bakufu was slow to respond to the situation.

• 幕府からの返礼使は対馬藩が代行した。
• The Tshushima domain sent a return-call envoy to Korea instead of the bakufu.

• 1405年（永楽3） 幕府（源通賢）
• 1405: Bakufu (MINAMOTO no Michikata)

• 日本史において江戸幕府の将軍の親族。
• In Japanese history, this term referred to kinship groups of the shoguns of the Edo bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の基本的定義及び学説上の諸説
• Basic Definitions and Academic Theories

• 幕府側の主導で戦後処理が進められた。
• The misdeeds of the conflict were atoned for under the leadership of the bakufu faction.

• また芸州藩は幕府の出兵命令を拒んだ。
• The Geishu clan refused the order of the bakufu to dispatch the troops.

• 幕府は田沼意尊を将とする部隊を派遣。
• The bakufu sent troops with Okitaka TANUMA as a commander in chief.

• 幕府の藩札の対応は二転三転している。
• The shogunate's response regarding han bills changed repeatedly.

• 室町幕府8代将軍・足利義政の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 8th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA

• 江戸幕府初代将軍・徳川家康の後継問題
• Successor issue of the first shogun of the Edo bakufu, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA

• 江戸幕府2代将軍・徳川秀忠の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 2nd shogun of the Edo bakufu, Hidetada TOKUGAWA

• 江戸幕府5代将軍・徳川綱吉の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 5th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA

• 江戸幕府8代将軍・徳川吉宗の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 8th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA

• 室町幕府4代将軍・足利義持の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 4th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA

• 江戸幕府4代将軍・徳川家綱の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 4th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Ietsuna TOKUGAWA

• 江戸幕府7代将軍・徳川家継の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 7th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Ietsugu TOKUGAWA

• 父は室町幕府第12代将軍・足利義晴。
• His father was Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the 12th Shogun of Muromachi Shogunate.

• 織田家を取り巻く諸将が黒幕という説。
• This is the theory that warriors surrounding the ODAs were the brains behind a plot.

• 一説には幕府の間者であったともいう。
• Another explanation says that he was a spy for the Shogunate.

• 室町幕府の四職のひとつ山名氏の出身。
• He was from the Yamana family, one of the four Clans who monopolized the position of head of the Samuraidokoro (the Board of Retainers).

• 幕府軍は19万騎の大軍に膨れ上がる。
• Government forces reached 190,000 troops.

• 幕府方は堀を突貫工事で埋めてしまう。
• The bakufu's side hastened to backfill the moat.

• 7月には義昭が追放されて幕府が滅亡。
• In August Yoshiaki was expelled and the shogunate collapsed.

• 鎌倉幕府第14代執権北条高時の次男。
• He was the second son of Takatoki HOJO, the fourteenth regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 重之の子孫は庄屋として幕末を迎えた。
• Shigeyuki's descendants became shoya (village headman) by the end of the Edo period.

• 山路家は幕府の天文方を代々歴任した。
• For generations, members of the Yamaji family had been assigned to the post of tenmonkata, or the officer in charge of astronomy, by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 18日には旧幕府軍が新政府軍に降伏。
• On May 18, the Old Shogunate military surrendered to the new government.

• 江戸幕府崩壊後は京都の実家に戻った。
• She returned to her home town in Kyoto after the Edo shogunate had collapsed.

• 鎌倉幕府第二代征夷大将軍源頼家の娘。
• She was a daughter of MINAMOTO no Yoriie, who was the second seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府第二代執権・北条義時の正室。
• She was the lawful wife of Yoshitoki HOJO, who was the second regent of Kamakura Bakufu.

• 幕臣の松下常親の次男として生まれる。
• Born as the second son of Tsunechika MATSUSHITA, a vassal of the shogun.

• 鎌倉幕府の有力御家人、三浦義村の娘。
• She was the daughter of Yoshimura MIURA who was one of the senior vassals of the Kamakura bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by shogun).

• 弟は高家となり幕府に仕えた戸田氏豊。
• Ujitoyo TODA, who became a Koke (a noble ranking below a daimyo in Japan during the Edo period) and served the bakufu, was her younger brother.

• 室町幕府第二代将軍・足利義詮の四男。
• He was the fourth son of Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the second shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府第14代執権北条高時の養子。
• He was an adopted son of Takatoki HOJO, the fourteenth regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府政所鎌倉幕府の政所公事奉行。
• He was a Mandokoro kujibugyo of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の初代執権・北条時政の継室。
• She was the second wife of Tokimasa HOJO, the first shikken (shogunal regent) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府第2代執権・北条義時の長男。
• Yasutoki was the first son of Yoshitoki HOJO, who was the second regent of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 翌年幕府は宗久に直冬捕縛の命を発す。
• A year after this, the bakufu gave Munehisa a command to capture Naofuyu.

• これ以後倒幕運動に本腰を入れ始める。
• Thereafter, he began working seriously in movement to overthrow the Shogunate.

• 執権（しっけん）は、鎌倉幕府の職名。
• Shikken is a name of a post in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府と同様に、諸藩に置かれた役職名。
• The post with the same title was placed at domains as well as at the bakufu.

• 一方、幕府では大名待遇を受けていた。
• On the other hand, he was treated as a daimyo in the bakufu.

• それは幕切れの一瞬の出来事であった。
• It happened just when the curtain was falling.

• オープン戦が終わり、いよいよ開幕だ。
• The exhibition games are over and the regular season finally begins.

• クリップ[$2]のための[$1]字幕
• [$1] subtitles for clip: [$2]

• 4 ファン流通と字幕付けの法的分析
• 4. Legal Analysis of Fan Distribution and Subtitling

• 今晩その最後の一幕を私はみたのです」
• and tonight I saw the last act of one.

• 「『ジグブリット夫人、五幕新作悲劇』
• 'DAME TIGBRITH, tragedy in five acts.'

• 室町幕府第13代将軍・足利義輝の居城。
• The residence of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, the 13th Muromachi Shogun.

• 10代藩主英尚の時に幕末を迎えている。
• The bukufu system ended when Fusanao KOIDE was the 10th lord.

• 幕切れにおかやが紋服を肩にかけさせる。
• At the end, Okaya makes Kanpei put on a monpuku on his shoulder.

• 幕藩は規制を敷いたが、効果は無かった。
• The shogunate and clans implemented regulations for such pilgrimages, but were not successful.

• 本作の序幕でもその場面が描かれている。
• That scene is depicted in the prologue.

• 以来、今川氏は幕府高家として存続した。
• The Imagawa clan survived as bakufu koke (privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate) since then.

• 幕末には志士を匿う豪商も多く存在した。
• During the end of Edo period, there were many wealthy merchants who gave shelter to loyal supporters.

• こうした中で後醍醐天皇は倒幕を企てる。
• It was under these conditions, that the Emperor Godaigo planned to overthrow the Shogunate

• ただし、その支配権は幕府が握っている。
• The sovereignty over these lands remained with the shogunate, however.

• 以後滅亡まで幕府はこの方針を堅持した。
• The bakufu continued this policy until it fell.

• 新撰組をはじめとする幕府軍が駐屯した。
• The Shogunate forces including the Shinsengumi were stationed here.

• - 足利尊氏が京都(室町)に幕府を開く
• Takauji ASHIKAGA established a bakufu in Kyoto (Muromachi).

• 結局、室町幕府は徳政令を出さなかった。
• After all, the Muromachi bakufu did not issue Tokuseirei (order for return of land sold and dissolution of debts).

• 後醍醐天皇の討幕運動は遂に成功を見た。
• Emperor Godaigo's anti-bakufu movement had succeeded after all.

• 1404年（永楽2） 幕府（明室梵亮）
• 1404: Bakufu (Myoshitsu Bonryo)

• 幕府へ提訴された訴訟の審理を担当した。
• Responsible for the trial lawsuits filed with the bakufu.

• 幕府は同年2月に第二次長州征伐を発令。
• The bakufu issued the second order to conquer Choshu in Feburary of that year.

• - 鎌倉幕府の編年体・日記体裁の史書。
• - A history book about the Kamakura shogunate written in diary form and organized chronologically.

• 現在では幕府領、幕領ということが多い。
• The terms 'bakufu-ryo' or 'baku-ryo' (lit. Shogunate's territories) are often used in the present day.

• 朝廷の実権は佐幕派が握ることになった。
• The supporters of the bakufu came to have real power in the Imperial Court.

• 貞亨（1686）年幕府の命により廃城。
• In 1686 the palace fell into disuse by the order of the bakufu.

• 江戸幕府10代将軍・徳川家治の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 10th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Ieharu TOKUGAWA

• 江戸幕府13代将軍・徳川家定の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 13th shogun of the Edo bakufu, Iesada TOKUGAWA

• 室町幕府13代将軍・足利義輝の後継問題
• Successor issue of the 13th shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA

• 小ノ島（幕末、薩摩藩江戸藩邸の奥老女）
• Konoshima (lady-in-waiting associated with the Edo residence maintained by the Satsuma Domain, the end of the Edo period)

• それにより幕府軍は朝敵となってしまう。
• Consequentially, the army on the Tokugawa shogunate's side became the Emperor's enemy.

• 父は幕臣の幸田利三（成延）で、母は猷。
• His father was Toshizo (Shigenobu) KODA, a retainer of the Tokugawa Shogunate and his mother was Yu.

• 鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝の異母弟である。
• He is the younger half-brother of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the founder of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府征夷大将軍足利尊氏の妾腹の子。
• He was the son of a concubine of Takauji ASHIKAGA, a Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians' of the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun)).

• やがて義昭は追放され室町幕府は滅びる。
• Before long, Yoshiaki was cast out and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell.

• 幕末の長州藩の尊王倒幕志士として活躍。
• He was an anti-shogunate royalist who lived at the end of the Edo period.

• 権謀術数に長け、政界の黒幕と呼ばれた。
• He was a master schemer and called a wirepuller in politics.

• 鎌倉幕府の北条高時に従い出家したとも。
• He supposedly entered the priesthood following Takatoki HOJO who was in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 慶応3年（1867年）4月場所新入幕。
• He got into Makuuchi (top) rank at the April Tournament of 1867.

• 8月28日、荒木は幕府目付に就任した。
• On September 30, Araki assumed bakufu metsuke.

• そして幕府の追討を恐れて西国に逃れた。
• He feared persecution by the Bakufu, and escaped to western Japan.

• 25日に幕府に提出した上書に連名した。
• He signed his name on the official document which was submitted to bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) on July 10, 1863.

• 鎌倉幕府においては出雲国守護であった。
• Under the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), they were the Shugo of Izumo Province.

• 後醍醐天皇の倒幕計画に関与したらしい。
• It appears that he took part in the planning to overthrow the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by the Emperor Godaigo.

• 近代の幕開けと共に、人生の幕を下ろす。
• His life ended when the modern days started.

• 幕府軍だけでなく安芸藩まで慌てさせた。
• They surprised both the shogunal army and the Aki clan.

• このため幕末の政局に混乱をもたらした。
• Therefore, his acts served to confuse the political situation during the end of the Edo period.

• のち京都所司代を務め、幕政に参与した。
• Later, he served as Kyoto shoshidai and joined the shogunate government.

• 幕臣500石で御小姓の京極高紀の次男。
• Takanobu was the second son of Takanori KYOGOKU, who served as a kosho (shogun's page) retainer and a 500 koku allowance.

• 子の重継も幕府軍に捕らえられ殺された。
• His son Shigetsugu was captured and killed by the army of bakufu.

• 幕末には鳥羽伏見の戦いの戦場となった。
• At the end of the Edo period, the shrine served as the battlefield for the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.

• 事実上幕府からは間接統治となっていた。
• The Kanto region was put under the indirect rule of the bakufu.

• 徳川幕府は１８６８年に終わりを告げた。
• The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an end in 1868.

• 3 ファン流通と字幕追加の歴史的分析
• 3. Historical Analysis of Fan Distribution and Subtitling

• 煙幕を作ったり位置を示すために使われる
• used to make a smoke screen or to mark a position

• 力になってくれる黒幕は、見返りを求める
• a power broker who does you a favor will expect you to return it

• このシーンは、第一幕全体を包含している
• This scene overarches the entire first act

• 室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の帰依を受けた。
• He was embraced third Muromachi shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

• ただし千射種目等は幕末まで行われている。
• However, some events, such as Seni (One Thousand Shoots), were continued until the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.

• このため、幕府の政策は徹底できなかった。
• For this reason, the policy of the bakufu was not completely effective.

• - 幕府管轄の建築物の造営や修理をした。
• Sakuji bugyo were in charge of constructing and repairing buildings under the jurisdiction of the bakufu.

• 11年にもわたる同社の歴史は幕を閉じた。
• The company brought down the curtain on its eleven-year history.

• なお、幕末には宝生座もこれを行っている。
• The Hosho school also had this kanjin-Noh at the end of the Edo period.

• 絶景の中、地謡前に幕を巡らし宴会となる。
• The stage is enclosed with a curtain before the jiutai (Noh chorus) and a banquet starts in magnificent scenery.

• おたばこぼん：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Otabakobon: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 幕末ごろ京阪を中心に町人の娘に結われた。
• This hairstyle was worn by the young women of townspeople mainly in Kyoto and Osaka at around the end of the Edo Period.

• 以後、吉田家は幕末まで天文方を継承した。
• Members of Yoshida family inherited the position of Tenmonkata until the end of Edo period.

• 政治的な経過については幕末も参照のこと。
• See also; 'End of the Edo Period' regarding the political process.

• 京方は潰走し、幕府軍は京へなだれ込んだ。
• The capital faction was routed, and the shogunal army stormed into the capital.

• 所領関係を管轄、鎌倉幕府の引付衆に相当。
• This office had jurisdiction over land-related questions, and took over for the mass of hikitsuke (courts of enquiry) of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕府は大政奉還により権力の温存を図った。
• The bakufu tried to keep its authority through Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor).

• こうして倒幕運動は鎮圧されたかに見えた。
• The anti-bakufu movement seemed to be suppressed in this way.

• 尊氏の挙兵は成功し、室町幕府へと繋がる。
• Takauji raising an army worked and it led to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 能役者の各家が、徳川幕府に提出した文書。
• These are the documents that all noh actors submitted to the Tokugawa Shogunate.

• また幕府も「（御）公儀」と呼ばれていた。
• Also, bakufu was called as 'goki' or 'gokogi.'

• 一方、幕府側の主張は以下の通りであった。
• Meanwhile, the bakufu argued as follows:

• 政治都市･江戸は江戸幕府の所在地である。
• As a city of politics, Edo is the base for the Edo shogunate.

• 幕末・明治史における『万国公法』と国際法
• 'Bankoku Koho' and international law in the late Edo period and the Meiji period

• その結果、朝廷は幕府の弁明を受け入れた。
• As the result, the Imperial court accepted the explanation.

• 著者は幕府に仕えた儒学者成島良譲である。
• The author was Ryojo NARUSHIMA, a Confucian scholar who served the bakufu.

• 画題は増え続け、幕末には最盛期を迎えた。
• The subjects of the paintings continued to increase, and reached its peak at the end of the Edo Period.

• 江戸で定宿としていたのが幕府御用達釜屋。
• When Toshizo was in Edo, he normally stayed in Kamaya, an inn patronized by the Shogunate.

• 檜山修之 『幕末機関説 いろはにほへと』
• Acted by Nobuyuki HIYAMA 'Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto'.

• 室町幕府の管領の一つである細川氏の当主。
• He was the head of the Hosokawa Clan, one of the Kanrei (shogunal deputies) families of the Muromachi shogunate.

• 義時はこれを幕府の根幹を揺るがすと拒否。
• Yoshitoki refused, saying that it would shake the very foundation of the Bakufu government.

• 一時は幕臣として幕府機構の改革を唱えた。
• He once advocated reform of the organization of the bakufu as a retainer.

• 宝永5年、幕命により禁裡造営に従事する。
• In1708, he was engaged in building the Imperial Palace by order of the bakufu.

• しかし翌年に幕府方に居城を攻められ降伏。
• However, they surrendered due to an attack on his residential castle by the Shogunate side in the following year.

• 元弘の乱では足利尊氏に従い、倒幕に参加。
• During the Genko War, he fought under the command of Takauji ASHIKAGA to overthrow the Shogunate.

• 新入幕は1858年（安政5年）正月場所。
• He was raised to the Makuuchi (top) rank at the New Year tournament in 1858.

• 医業が認められ江戸幕府の上士と交流した。
• His work in the medical field was recognized and socialized with Joshi (superior warriors) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 明治15年（1882年）6月場所新入幕。
• In 1882, he was promoted to makuuchi in June sumo tournament.

• しかし幕府は長州藩へ問罪使の派遣を決定。
• However the bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) decided to dispatch an interrogator to the Choshu Domain.

• 鎌倉幕府2代執権北条義時の後妻（継室）。
• She was the second wife (called keishitsu) of the second regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoshitoki HOJO.

• 鎌倉幕府5代執権北条時頼の正室（継室）。
• She was the second lawful wife of Tokiyori HOJO, the fifth shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府3代将軍・足利義満の正室である。
• She was the principal wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 兄は室町幕府最後の管領となった細川氏綱。
• His older brother was Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA who was the last kanrei (deputy shogun) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末から明治にかけての人物で本姓は荒川。
• He was a person who lived in the periods from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period and his real name was Arakawa.

• 出家後も高野山に居ながら幕政に参与した。
• After becoming a priest, he also participated in the government by the shogunate with staying at Koya-san Mountain.

• 幸和も幕府直参旗本として取り立てられた。
• Yukikazu was also able to serve as a direct retainer of the shogun.

• 第5代藩主で幕末の老中・堀田正睦の四男。
• He was the fourth son of Masayoshi HOTTA, the fifth lord of the Domain and late Edo Period Roju (member of shogun's council of elders)..

• その後は幕府の講武所支配及び師範となる。
• After this, he became Kobusho Shihai (an executive of Kobusho, a military training institute) of the bakufu and a grand master.

• そして、幕府の砲術訓練の指導に尽力した。
• And he assisted in directing the bakufu's gunnery training.

• が、室町幕府の幕臣対策として利用された。
• Yet, he was used to deal with Shogun's retainers of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 源頼朝に仕え、朝幕関係の交渉役を務めた。
• He served MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and was in charge of negotiating peaceful relations between the Imperial Court and the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の初代征夷大将軍として知られる。
• He is known as the first seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• また、徳川幕府との関係の構築に成功した。
• Also, Jokei successfully established a relationship with the Tokugawa shogunate.

• 3200系の場合種別幕は黒幕）に代わる。
• On the 3200 Series train cars, the background of the type display becomes black.

• ・江戸では幕府が用意した屋敷に滞在した。
• In Edo, the reiheishi stayed in a mansion provided by the bakufu.

• 院政衰退後も幕末に至るまで置かれていた。
• Even after the Insei (government by cloistered emperors) declined, this post continued to exist until the end of the Edo Period.

• 室町幕府の役職ではなく席次を示していた。
• Rather than being an official post in the Muromachi bakufu, the term was used to indicate class standing.

• 使番（つかいばん）とは、江戸幕府の職名。
• Tsukaiban is a post in the Edo shogunate.

• この事件の陰に誰か黒幕がいるに違いない。
• There must be someone behind this affair.

• マッカランは最後の幕間で急に言い出した。
• McCarren said suddenly in the last entr'acte.

• 大統領の妻は教育の事柄において黒幕である
• the President's wife is an eminence grise in matters of education

• がんばれゴエモン〜ネオ桃山幕府のおどり〜
• Mystical Ninja Starring Goemon

• 幕末の台場や砲台も、城に含めることがある。
• The forts and gun batteries at the end of the Edo period may also be included in castles.

• 足利義教（室町幕府征夷大将軍職相続のため）
• Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (he returned to secular life to inherit Seii Taishogun [literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'] of the Muromachi bakufu.)

• が、幕末になると完全に形式化してしまった。
• It became completely formalized after the end of Edo period.

• 江戸時代には鷺流とともに幕府御用を勤めた。
• In the Edo period, the Okura school served as an official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court, along with the Sagi school.

• 現在の制限時間は幕内4分、十両3分である。
• Currently makuuchi sumo wrestlers have four minutes and juryo sumo wrestlers have three minutes for shikiri.

• ここまでで幕が開いてから一時間経っている。
• About an hour has passed from curtain-up.

• 幕が反対方向（下手から上手へ）に引かれる。
• The curtain is drawn in the opposite direction (from stage right to stage left).

• そして俊寛の絶望的な叫びとともに幕となる。
• This came to an end when Shunkan screamed in despair.

• 五郎が揚げ幕から出て腰を落としてから七回。
• This is repeated seven times from the point Goro comes out from the curtain until the point when he lowers himself by bending his knees.

• 「名に負う幕府のお旗本八千石の知行取り。」
• You are 'Hatamoto', upper vassal of the Tokugawa shogunate, with eight thousand Goku crop yields (Goku or koku was a system for determining land value), so your family must be honorable and creditable in both name and reality.'

• 室町幕府が成立すると南朝・北朝に分裂した。
• When the Muromachi Bakufu was established (in 1338), the Chotei was split into Hokucho (the Northern Court) and Nancho (the Southern Court).

• 同家から分かれた江戸幕府旗本朝倉家もある。
• There was also the Asakura family who became Edo bakufu hatamoto (a direct retainer of Edo bakufu), split from the Asakura who served the Odawara-Hojo clan.

• 外様支藩主ながら幕府老中任用も議せられた。
• The appointment of him to be a bakufu roju (member of shogun's council of elders) was discussed, as he was the lord of a branch domain of tozama (outsider).

• また、行宗か宗遠の代に幕府に降伏している。
• The clan surrendered to the bakufu in the generation of either Yukimune or Muneto.

• このため、旧幕府軍の劣勢は決定的になった。
• This definitely placed the former Shogunate forces on a losing course.

• 鎌倉幕府は当初、将軍（実際には「鎌倉殿」。
• Initially, what lay at the heart of the Kamakura bakufu was the Shogun (or in actuality, 'the Lord of Kamakura.'

• そこで幕府も酒屋に対する課税に目をつけた。
• The bakufu decided to impose a tax on sake breweries.

• 幕府-守護体制は15世紀中葉まで存続した。
• The bakufu-Shugo system remained until around the middle of 15th century.

• ここに足利室町幕府の無力化は明確となった。
• Here, dis-empowerment of the Muromachi bakufu of the Ashikaga clan became clear.

• これは、幕府による朝廷の制御を困難にした。
• The disruption hindered the bakufu from controlling the Imperial Court.

• 1468年（成化4） 幕府・細川氏・大内氏
• 1468: Bakufu, the Hosokawa clan, and the Ouchi clan

• 1495年（弘治 (明)8） 幕府・細川氏
• 1495: Bakufu and the Hosokawa clan

• 鎌倉幕府による武家役は関東公事と呼ばれた。
• The bukeyaku imposed by the Kamakura bakufu was called Kanto-kuji (public duties).

• ここに江戸幕府による政権は名目上終了する。
• Here the governance by the Edo shogunate was nominally ended.

• 江戸時代後期の幕末に結成された長州藩の部隊
• A troop of Choshu Domain organized in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate and Edo period

• 通常、幕府管轄の武士に対して訴訟を扱った。
• Generally, the Hyojosho held trials for the samurai who were under the control of the Edo Shogunate.

• 幕末期には交代寄合を含め180家存在した。
• In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, there were 180 hatamoto-yoriaiseki including kotaiyoriai.

• 幕末の飛鳥井雅典は武家伝奏をつとめている。
• Masanori ASUKAI served as buketenso yaku (Imperial official in charge of communication between the shogunate and the court) during the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate.

• 榮久庵憲司『幕の内弁当の美学』　1980年
• 'Aesthetics of a Variety Box Lunch' by Kenji EKUAN, 1980

• 仙台に至り榎本武揚率いる旧幕府海軍と合流。
• Toshizo arrived in Sendai and joined the navy of the former Shogunate led by Takeaki ENOMOTO.

• 尊攘志士に手を焼いていた幕府はこれを採用。
• The Shogunate, who had problems managing Sonno joi Shishi's, adopted his opinion.

• 奇妙なり八郎（『幕末』収録、司馬遼太郎著）
• Kimyo nari Hachiro (included in the book 'Bakumatsu' written by Ryotaro SHIBA).

• 幕府の財政難と土一揆に苦しみ政治を疎んだ。
• Because he suffered from peasant uprisings and financial distress he grew weary of political administration.

• この家系は幕末まで代々養生所肝煎を務めた。
• This family continued to provide support fo the Koishikawa Hospital for successive generations until the end of Edo era.

• こうして幕府からの意向を島津斉彬が受けた。
• Then, Nariakira SHIMAZU received the Bakufu's intention.

• 幕府と主家から追放された経久は身を隠した。
• Tsunehisa, who expelled by the bakufu and his master, went into hiding.

• 旧幕臣と協力して質屋を経営するが失敗する。
• He jointly ran a business of pawnbroking with a former shogunate retainer, but failed.

• 時光と大宮盛員の双方が幕府に訴えを出した。
• Both Tokimitsu and Morikazu OMIYA made appeals to the bakufu.

• 幕長戦争の時、長州軍に参戦、勝利をあげる。
• During the Baku-cho War (war between bakufu and Choshu), he joined the Choshu force and was victorious.

• はじめ新徴組で活躍し、倒幕派志士に転じた。
• He actively worked first in the Shinchogumi (Tokugawa Shogunate guard organization) and later became a patriot of forces overthrowing the Shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府を滅ぼした足利尊氏は妹婿にあたる。
• Takauji ASHIKAGA, who destroyed the Kamakura bakufu, was his sister's husband.

• 1286年（弘安9）、幕府の引付衆と就る。
• 1286: He assumed the post of Hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) in bakufu.

• 室町幕府初代征夷大将軍、足利尊氏の同母弟。
• He was the younger brother of Takauji, the first Muromachi shogun.

• 朽木氏は代々室町幕府の奉公衆を務めていた。
• The Kutsuki clan had served as hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) of the Muromachi shogunate for generations.

• その後も九州における討幕軍の追討に務めた。
• After that, he continued to search out and destroy the anti-Shogunate army in Kyushu.

• 澤村源之助 (3代目) 幕末期の歌舞伎役者
• Gennosuke SAWAMURA the third was a kabuki actor in the end of the Edo period.

• 管領（かんれい）とは室町幕府の職名である。
• Kanrei is the name of a post in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府に対する勅使には武家伝奏が任じられた。
• The buketenso was appointed as the Imperial envoy to the bakufu.

• 室町幕府の財政と領地に関する訴訟を掌る職。
• Position in charge of the financial administration and lawsuits related to territory affairs in Muromachi bakufu.

• 管領代（かんれいだい）とは室町幕府の職名。
• 'Kanrei-dai' was a job title within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府の要職に就任する資格のある大名を指す。
• Fudai daimyo were those who were eligible for a key post of the shogunate.

• 慶永は慶喜らとともに文久の幕政改革を行う。
• Yoshinaga, together with Yoshinobu, conducted the reformation of shogunate administration in the Bunkyu era(1861 - 1864).

• 鳥見（とりみ）とは、江戸幕府の職名の1つ。
• Torimi (officer for falconry) is a position in the Edo shogunate.

• 定刻前に幕が上がり始めたのはおかしかった。
• To our amusement, the curtain began to rise ahead of time.

• 幕府及び各藩の政策決定に大きな影響を与えた。
• They greatly influenced the decision making in the bakufu and domains.

• 18幕口　五色の布を縫いあわせた揚幕がある。
• 18 Makuguchi (Main entrance to the stage): There is Agemaku, which is a five-colored curtain.

• 吉沢派は幕末に活躍した吉沢検校の流れである。
• The Yoshizawa school follows the line of Kengyo YOSHIZAWA, who was active towards the end of the Edo period.

• このため僧坊酒の歴史も幕を閉じることになる。
• That is why the history of soboshu ended there.

• 「おかしみ」のつきない和事らしい一幕である。
• This is a typical Wagoto style scene full of 'humor.'

• 四幕目、源氏店妾宅の場より、与三郎の名科白。
• The famous lines by Yosaburo at a scene of the mistress' home of Genjidana in the fourth act.

• 四幕目　神明町鳶勢揃いの場・角力木戸喧嘩の場
• Act four: the scene of a full array of firemen in Shinmei-cho (town) ・ the scene of a quarrel over the admission fee for the sumo performance

• 後鳥羽上皇以上に鎌倉幕府打倒に積極的だった。
• The Emperor was even more active in overthrowing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) than the Retired Emperor Gotoba.

• 鎌倉幕府の崩壊後、一時建武の新政が行われた。
• After the fall of the Kamakura Bakufu, the Kenmu Restoration took place for a while.

• 母は鎌倉幕府征夷大将軍宗尊親王王女揄子女王。
• Her mother was Princess Rinshi, the prince of Imperial Prince Munetaka who was seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末の議奏・権中納言正二位 柳原光愛の次女。
• Ms. Naruko YANAGIHARA was the second daughter of Mitsunaru YANAGIWARA, who was a giso (a position conveying what the congress decides to the emperor) at the end of Edo Period; and his title was Gon Chunagon, Deputy Middle Counselor, Senior Second Court Rank.

• 元寇以後には御内人が幕政に影響力を発揮した。
• After the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, the Miuchibito exercised their influence on the shogunate administration.

• 幕末には大原重徳が尊攘派公卿として活躍した。
• At the end of the Edo period, Shigetomi OHARA was active as a kugyo (court noble) of the sonjo party (the royalist party).

• このことから「鞆幕府」と呼ばれることもある。
• From this, it can be also called 'Tomo bakufu.'

• 同時に親幕派の大納言西園寺公経は幽閉された。
• At the same time, Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Kintsune SAIONJI, who was of the faction friendly to the shogunate, was put under house arrest.

• 承久の乱により、朝廷と幕府の立場は一変した。
• As a result of the Jokyu Rebellion, the relative political positions of the Imperial Court and the shogunate did a complete about-face.

• 室町幕府将軍は足利義輝、足利義栄、足利義昭。
• The Muromachi Bakufu Shogun were Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, Yoshihide ASHIKAGA, and Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.

• 両統は皇位を争奪し、鎌倉幕府が仲裁していた。
• The two lines fought over the throne and the Kamakura Shogunate intervened.

• 18世紀に入ると幕府財政が慢性的に悪化した。
• Entering the 18th the century, the finance of the bakufu became chronically deteriorated.

• ただし、将軍の居所を「幕府」とは呼んでいる。
• However, they called the shogun's residence 'bakufu.'

• 幕府の旗本は「侍」、御家人は「徒士」である。
• The hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of bakufu were 'samurai' and the gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were 'kachi.'

• 戦後も中央政権としての幕府の力は残っていた。
• Even after the Disturbance, the power of the bakufu as the central government remained.

• これにより幕府の収入は安定化したと言われる。
• It is said that the income of the bakufu became stabilized by this.

• それが鎌倉幕府体制を動揺させる一因となった。
• This became one of the factors that destabilized the Kamakura shogunate system.

• 1474年、朝鮮王朝から室町幕府へ牙符発給。
• In 1474, the Yi-Dynasty issued Gafu to the Muromachi bakufu.

• 幕府へ提訴される訴訟に関する実務を担当した。
• Responsible for practices concerning lawsuits filed with bakufu.

• 対外政策としては幕府は鎖国政策を布いていた。
• The shogunate government took up the seclusion policy as a foreign policy.

• 江戸幕府は日本の歴史で最後の武家政権である。
• The Edo bakufu was the last samurai government in Japanese history.

• 薩長同盟と討幕運動（1864年～1866年）
• The Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and anti-shogunate movement (1864 – 1866)

• - 林家が編纂した江戸幕府による編年体史書。
• - A chronological history sponsored by the Edo shogunate and compiled by the Hayashi family.

• 鎌倉幕府の基本法で、日本最初の武家法である。
• It was the fundamental law of Kamakura bakufu and the first bukeho in Japan.

• 守護任命などを巡り幕府は鎌倉公方を警戒した。
• The bakufu monitored Kamakura kubo on issues such as the appointment of a provincial constable.

• この復興工事は幕府から明治政府が引き継いだ。
• This reconstruction, begun by the shogunate, was later taken over by the Meiji government.

• 孝明天皇が江戸幕府の策を支持したからである。
• That was because Emperor Komei supported the policy of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸時代に設置された江戸幕府の最高裁判機関。
• In the Edo period, it was the Supreme Court of the Edo Shogunate.

• 頼康は幕府創業以来の宿老として重きをおいた。
• Yoriyasu sustained a certain power as one of the chief vassals from the beginning of the bakufu.

• 幕府はこの提言を採用し海軍創設に乗り出した。
• The bakufu adopted his suggestion, and started to establish a navy.

• これに対し細川氏は大内氏追討の幕命を発する。
• In response, the Hosokawa family gave a Shogunal order to hunt down the Ouchi family.

• こちらの系統は幕臣・水戸藩士として存続した。
• This branch continued on to serve as shogun's retainers and warriors of Mito clan.

• 室町幕府幕臣・細川家（後の肥後藩主家）家臣。
• He was a retainer of the Hosokawa family, which was a vassal of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and became the lord of Higo Province later.

• 酉の刻、義盛の兵は幕府を囲み御所に火を放つ。
• At around 6 p.m., Yoshimori's soldiers besieged the shogunate residence and set fire to it.

• 幕府創業に尽力した2代将軍・徳川秀忠は祖父。
• His grandfather was Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second shogun, who devoted himself to establishing the bakufu.

• 幕府による和平調停を利用して有利な形で和睦。
• Utilizing the Shogun's peace initiative, they turned peace with the Amago clan to their advantage.

• 幕府内では北条氏、三浦氏に次ぐ地位にあった。
• He ranked after the Hojo clan and the Miura clan in the bakufu.

• 足利尊氏時代に執事室町幕府の執事をつとめた。
• He served as a steward under the rule of Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 実質、幕政の中枢を握ったに等しい事態である。
• In substance, he took the helm of state affairs of bakufu.

• 他にも幕府の罪人を何人も預かったりしている。
• He also had some bakufu's criminals under his charge.

• 幕府目付として元禄赤穂事件の処理に携わった。
• He dealt with Genroku Ako Incident as bakufu metsuke (inspector).

• 幕府の瓦解により1869年（明治2年）帰国。
• He returned to Japan in 1869 due to the collapse of the bakufu.

• 翌年、条約勅許問題では朝幕間の調停に努めた。
• The following year, he mediated between the imperial court and the bakufu on the issue of the imperial grant for concluding a treaty.

• そこで幕府は新選組に高札場の警備を依頼する。
• The shogunate then requested the Shinsengumi to guard the site of the notice board.

• 幕府側からも危険視されるようになっていった。
• So he started to be seen as dangerous even from the bakufu.

• 永享6年（1434年）2月に室町幕府に出仕。
• In March, 1434, he started to serve as an officer of Muromachi bakufu.

• これによって時政は幕府の実権を握る事になる。
• This was how Tokimasa took the helm of bakufu.

• 当主就任後は幕命に従って少弐教頼と交戦した。
• After assuming the family head, he obeyed an order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to fight with Noriori SHONI.

• 延応元年（1239年）、幕府の評定衆と就る。
• 1239: He assumed the post of hyojoshu of the government.

• 応長元年（1311年）、幕府の評定衆と就る。
• 1311: He assumed the post of hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) in bakufu.

• この再起用には幕府内外の事情通も首を捻った。
• Some people outside and inside of the bakufu, did not agree that Yasutada should be appointed as the Magistrate of Temples and Shrines.

• 室町幕府の管領を代々務めた名族細川氏の家臣。
• His family line was one of the retainers of the Hosokawa clan, a noble family which filled the post of Kanrei (shogunal deputy) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for generations.

• 父は幕臣にて旧備中国鬼邑山城城主　上野信孝。
• His father was Nobutaka UENO, a Shogun's retainer and the lord of the Kimurayama-jo Castle in old Bitchu Province.

• これらは室町幕府の職名を踏襲したものである。
• This was in keeping with the Muromachi Shogunate's titles.

• 奉行衆が室町幕府の文官官僚であるとすれば、奉
• If bugyoshu (group of magistrates) were civilian officials during the Muromachi bakufu government,

• 鎌倉の幕府を警備する役目を鎌倉大番役という。
• The post for guarding the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Kamakura was called Kamakura obanyaku.

• この政策は建武政権や室町幕府にも継承された。
• This policy was continued by the Kenmu Government and the Muromachi bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府においては、一般政務・財政を司った。
• Mandokoro took charge of general political affairs and finance in the Kamakura bakufu.

• 彼らは原則的には鎌倉幕府の指揮下で行動した。
• They served under the command of the Kamakura bakufu in principle.

• 江戸幕府だけでなく諸藩もこの役職を設置した。
• This post was also set up not only in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) but in domains.

• これがそのまま江戸幕府においても継承された。
• The post stayed in the Edo shogunate.

• 鉄砲方（てっぽうかた）は、江戸幕府の役職名。
• Teppokata was one of the posts of Edo bakufu.

• 幕府所蔵の鉄砲の全てを磨くことを役職とした。
• The duty was to polish all the guns in possession of bakufu.

• 劇場の幕に使われるしっかりした粗い縫目の織物
• a firm open-weave fabric used for a curtain in the theater

• 彼らは進撃する軍隊に対して弾幕砲撃を浴びせた
• they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops

• 侍戦隊シンケンジャー 銀幕版 天下分け目の戦
• Samurai Sentai Shinkenger the Movie: The Fateful War

• 時代が変わる　私が変わる　環境世紀の幕開けです
• Time Changes, I Change - Dawn of the Environment Century.

• 幕末・天皇陵文久の修陵による周壕の拡張を確認。
• At the end of Edo period, the extension of the shugo (surrounding moat) under the Bunkyu Restoration of Imperial Mausoleums was verified.

• 足利幕府15代征夷大将軍足利義昭の猶子となる。
• He became the adopted son of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, 15th Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate.

• 稚児髷（ちごまげ）：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Chigomage: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 桃割れ（ももわれ）：幕末から大正にかけて流行。
• Momoware: This hairstyle was popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Taisho Period.

• 終幕の喧嘩場はケレン味のある殺陣が見逃せない。
• The showy sword fight acting in the scene of the quarrel in the final act is too good to miss.

• 養子縁組を繰り返しながらも幕末まで継承された。
• Members of the family inherited the position until the end of Edo period while repeating adoptions.

• その後も上皇（後に法皇）と幕府との確執が続く。
• The conflict between the Retired Emperor (who later became a Cloistered Emperor) and the government continued.

• そうした運動が幕末の尊皇攘夷運動へと繋がった。
• These activities lead to the Sonno Joi Undo (activities to revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians) at the end of Edo period.

• 一色範氏が去った後、少弐頼尚が幕府方に転じた。
• After Noriuji ISSHIKI left, Yorinao SHONI switched to the bakufu side.

• 幕末の修陵の際に現陵に治定され、修補を加えた。
• At the restoration of the imperial tombs in the last years of the Edo period, the present mausoleum was authorized, thereby being restored.

• 子：徳川慶喜（一橋家当主、江戸幕府15代将軍）
• Her another son was Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who was the head of the Hitotsubashi family and became the fifteenth Shogun of the Edo bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の源頼朝と対立した源通親の子孫である。
• The family are descendants of MINAMOTO no Michichika, who feuded with MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, leader of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• その後は鎌倉府と幕府の対立から鎌倉府に服した。
• Thereafter, the clan was obedient to Kamakurafu under the situation where Kamakurafu and bakufu were in rivalry.

• 幕末の従一位中納言六条有容は議奏に任じられた。
• At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, Juichii-Chunagon (associate chief of the councilor of state at junior first rank) Ariosa ROKUJO served as Giso (officer conveying what the congress decides to the emperor).

• 室町時代には、足利将軍家に仕える幕臣であった。
• During the Muromachi period, the Matsui clan served as the Shogun's retainer of Ashikaga Shogun family.

• これにより関東政権（後の鎌倉幕府）が樹立する。
• This was the establishment of the Kanto government (later, the Kamakura bakufu).

• 一色氏と斯波の軍勢が加勢して幕府軍は盛り返す。
• The forces of the Isshiki clan and the Shiba clan joined, and the bakufu army reversed the tide.

• これは幕藩体制を確立するために大いに役立った。
• This measure worked very well in establishing the shogunate system.

• 1403年（永楽 (明)元） 幕府（堅中圭密）
• 1403: Bakufu (Kenchu Keimitsu)

• また、室町幕府は土倉を保護すると共に統制した。
• The Muromachi bakufu protected doso while controlling them.

• 年代順の詳細な経過については幕末の年表を参照。
• See the timetable of the Bakumatsu for detailed chronological accounts.

• 幕末の尊皇攘夷運動は陽明学に影響を受けている。
• The Sonno Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) movement of the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate was influenced by Yomeigaku.

• 幕末の尊皇攘夷運動や勤王に大きな影響を与えた。
• The book greatly influenced the 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' movement and loyalty to the Emperor in the end of Edo period.

• 持氏は永安寺に移され、幕府軍により幽閉された。
• Mochiuji was moved to Yoan-ji Temple and confined by the bakufu troops.

• 1866年 徳川幕府、日本人の海外渡航を解禁。
• In 1866, the Tokugawa Shogunate lifted the ban on Japanese sailing abroad.

• 鎌倉時代になると、幕府は各国へ守護を設置した。
• In the Kamakura period, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established Shugo (provincial constable) in each province.

• 得宗家を中心に鎌倉幕府を主導する北条氏の内紛。
• It was the internal conflict in the Hojo clan leading the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the Tokuso family (the direct line of the regency Hojo family) as its center.

• 学者や政治家、幕末の志士などの掲載が主である。
• The people whose names appeared in this book were mainly scholars, statesmen and patriots from the end of the Edo period.

• 室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義晴の落胤との説がある。
• There is a theory that he was a rakuin of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 先手組（さきてぐみ）は、江戸幕府の軍制の一つ。
• Sakite-gumi was one of military systems in the Edo bakufu.

• ここに鳥羽・伏見の戦いは幕府の完敗で終幕した。
• At this time, The Battle of Toba-Fushimi had ended, the Tokugawa shogunate side was utterly defeated.

• 鎌倉幕府は初代将軍源頼朝の死後に内紛が続いた。
• After the death of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, internal conflicts frequently occurred in the bakufu.

• 三代将軍徳川家光の時代徳川幕府により廃された。
• Toyokuni Shrine was abolished by Tokugawa Shogunate at the age of the third Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA.

• 今川家は江戸幕府のもとで高家として生き延びた。
• The Imagawa family survived as a Koke (a distinguished family officially selected by the Edo Shogunate) under the Edo Shogunate.

• 室町幕府管領細川氏の庶流である典厩家の生まれ。
• Takakuni was born into the Tenkyu family, an illegitimate line of the HOSOKAWA clan and holder of the Kanrei （shogunal deputy） post during the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• この年の明徳の乱で幕府方として山名氏清と戦う。
• He fought against Ujikiyo YAMANA in the Meitoku War that broke out in the same year.

• この頃、討幕と大攘夷を説いた『時勢論』を著す。
• At about this time, he wrote 'Jiseiron,' an explanation of anti-Shogunate and anti-foreigner theory.

• また外様大名からも一部幕閣への登用がみられる。
• Also some 'tozama daimyo' (feudal lords who were non-hereditary retainers of the Tokugawa family) were promoted to become cabinet officials.

• 初代大阪税関長となり、大阪税関史の幕を開けた。
• He became the first Director of Osaka Customs, marking a new era of customs in Osaka.

• 大老に就任して事実上の幕府最高権力者となった。
• He was appointed to the position of Tairo and effectively became the most influential person in the bakufu.

• 高橋謙三郎は、号泥舟、幕末三舟のひとりである。
• Kenzaburo TAKAHASHI, also known as Deishu, was one of the three personages with the letter of 'shu' at the end of the Edo period.

• 父は鎌倉幕府御家人で源義家の孫にあたる源頼隆。
• His father was MINAMOTO no Yoritaka, the grandson of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, and Yoritaka was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• これが江戸幕府の怒りに触れ、落飾し、出家した。
• This attitude incurred the wrath of the Edo Shogunate, so that he was tonsured to become a priest.

• 土岐氏惣領の頼貞も幕府から関与を疑われている。
• Yorisada, who was the soryo (heir) of the Toki clan, was also suspected by the bakufu.

• 慶応3年に幕命によって御璽・国璽を刻している。
• In 1867, he made imperial seal and seal of state by order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 義政の乳母（養育係）として幕政に影響力を持つ。
• She wielded political influence in the shogunate as Yoshimasa's wet nurse.

• また幕府内でも会津藩主・松平容保が反対したた。
• And also, the lord of Aizu Domain Katamori MATSUDAIRA who was on the side of bakufu was against him.

• 幕府3代将軍徳川家光の歌道指南役を勤めている。
• He also worked for Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun of the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), as an instructor of Kado (Waka versification).

• その後幕府方についた子の後藤基綱に処刑された。
• Later he was executed by his child, Mototsuna GOTO, who was on the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) side.

• 子孫は江戸旗本宮原氏として幕末まで続いている。
• Her ancestors lasted till the end of Edo period as the Edo Hatamoto Miyahara clan.

• 幕府講武所の総裁、男谷精一郎の直弟子を破った。
• Kogoro defeated an immediate pupil of Seiichiro ODANI, the president of the Bakufu Kobusho (Shogunal Military Academy).

• 建永元年（1206年）、鎌倉幕府政所別当辞職。
• In 1206, he resigned from Director of the Administrative Board of the Kamakura bakufu.

• （陸奥守の後任は、鎌倉幕府執権北條義時となる）
• (Shogunal regent Yoshitoki HOJO of the Kamakura bakufu took over his post as Mutsu no Kami)

• 幕府書院番頭格西丸（将軍後継者徳川家宣）奥番頭
• He was appointed as the chief secretary of the West Wing of the Edo-jo Castle (residence of the next shogun, Ienobu TOKUGAWA).

• 子孫の前田玄長は、幕府に高家として迎えられた。
• Tsubone's descendant Harunaga MAEDA was welcomed by the shogunate as a member of an elite family (a 'Koke').

• 侍所は後の鎌倉幕府で軍事と警察を担う事となる。
• Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) took the responsibility of military affairs and the police force in the future Kamakura bakufu.

• また、幕府から「僧録」という地位を与えられた。
• He was also given the personnel management post of Soroku by the Shogunate.

• 大名預け　幕府が罪人の管理を大名に任せること。
• Daimyoazuke - When the Shogunate entrusted management of criminals to a Daimyo.

• 次に成立した室町幕府も、守護の制度を継承した。
• The Muromachi bakufu that followed also continued the Shugo system.

• 老中（ろうじゅう）は、江戸幕府および藩の職名。
• Roju was a post in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and domains in the Edo period.

• 現在の副知事、幕藩体制における家老に相当する。
• It is equivalent to current vice-prefectural governor and Karo (chief retainer) in the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate.

• 違法で、スポーツマンらしくない1幕の不要な暴力
• an illegal and unsportsmanlike act of unnecessary violence

• これにより、幕府の監視下に置かれることになった。
• As a result of these acts, the Shingon sect was placed under bakufu's (government) observation.

• 室町幕府の帰依を得て天龍寺や臨川寺の住職となる。
• He was trusted by the Muromachi Shogunate and became the chief priest of Tenryu-ji Temple and Rinsei-ji Temple.

• 江戸時代には江戸幕府から朱印状を与えられている。
• In the Edo period, it was awarded Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade).

• 朝廷・幕府の双方からの尊崇を集める高僧であった。
• Chukai was a high-ranking priest who was worshipped by the Imperial Court as well as by the Kamakura Bakufu (the Japanese Feudal Government headed by a Shogun).

• それまで鎌倉幕府は来日した元使を全て斬っていた。
• The Kamakura bakufu then killed all emissaries from Yuan to Japan who were in Japan at the time.

• 幕府の御用絵師となり、雪舟に奥義を伝えるという。
• It is said that he was a painter patronized by the shogunate (government) and taught secrets to Sesshu.

• 幕府の規制によって織田信長以降の武者は描けない。
• It was prohibited by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to depict Nobunaga ODA and warriors after him.

• 尺八、幕末の一弦琴や二弦琴はその最たる例である。
• Typical examples include the Shakuhachi, and the one- and two-stringed Koto, which were popular at the end of the Edo period.

• ただし本格的な三曲への参入は幕末に大阪で始まる。
• However, the genuine participation of the shakuhachi in sankyoku began in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate in Osaka.

• その後、幕末にかけて江戸を中心に大いに普及した。
• After that, many yose theaters opened in and around Edo toward the end of the Edo period.

• 幕末まで禁裏御用を勤め、京観世の中心とされる家。
• The family served official business of the Imperial Palace until the end of Edo period, and it is considered as the center of Kyokanze (the Kanze school in Kyoto).

• この変では、幕府は天皇には何の処分もしなかった。
• After the Incident, the Shogunate did not punish the Emperor.

• 以後、鎌倉幕府の将軍は天皇家より出ることになる。
• After this, the Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu came from the Imperial family.

• 室町時代には室町幕府の四職家の一つに数えられた。
• It was one of the Shishiki families (four administrators' families: Yamana, Isshiki, Akamatsu, Kyogoku) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Muromachi era.

• 得宗（とくそう）は、鎌倉幕府の北条氏惣領の家系。
• Tokuso was a family line of the successors of the Hojo clan of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 柳原家は幕末から明治維新にかけて人材を輩出する。
• Notable persons came from the Yanagiwara family during the end of the Edo period and into the Meiji Restoration.

• そのことから、江戸幕府と深く関係を結ぶに至った。
• Accordingly, the Hirata family formed a close relationship with the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末を扱った作品には敵役などで登場する事が多い。
• In many works covering the last days of the shogunate, Shinsen-gumi appears as the enemy.

• 旧幕府軍と新政府軍は激突し戊辰戦争が開始された。
• The battle between the former Shogunate and the new government's forces marked the beginning of the Boshin War.

• 義時はこれを幕府の根幹を揺るがすとして拒否する。
• Yoshitoki, who saw these requests as shaking the very foundations of shogunal authority, refused.

• 関東御成敗地に関しては幕府が地頭の補任権を持つ。
• The feudal government had the authority to assign Jito in Kanto goseibaichi (provinces, manors and provincial lands where the shogun families of Kamakura bakufu possess the power to appoint/dismiss Jito).

• 室町幕府にも評定衆とともにこの儀式が継承された。
• This ritual, along with the hyojoshu, was inherited by the Muromachi bakufu.

• さらに楠木軍は一部が打って出て幕府軍を奇襲した。
• A portion of the Kusunoki army charged, attempting a surprise attack on the bakufu army.

• 幕府は北条泰家らの軍勢を迎撃のために向かわせる。
• The bakufu dispatched the army led by Yasuie HOJO to intercept the enemy.

• 遣明船は当初、幕府が直接船主となり運航していた。
• Originally, the bakufu was the shipowner of Kenminsen and directly operated them.

• 幕末頃から、民間の暦にひっそりと記載され始めた。
• It began to be secretly described in a folk calendar from the end of the Edo period.

• 使節は薩長中心、書記官などは旧幕臣から選ばれた。
• Envoys were chosen among people from Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain) and secretaries were among former retainer of shogun.

• 最後の藩主となった片桐貞篤の時代に幕末を迎える。
• In the era of Sadaatsu KATAGIRI who turned out to be the last lord, the bakufu faced its end.

• 同心（どうしん）は、江戸幕府の下級役人のひとつ。
• The term 'doshin' refers to one of the low-level officials of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府初期から過料は個別の法令で行われていた。
• In conclusion, Karyo had been a means of punishment in individual cases since the early period of Edo Bakufu.

• なお、室町幕府においても湯起請には作法があった。
• The method of yugisho in the Muromachi bakufu was as follows.

• 両者は危機感を持ったが幕府内では少数派であった。
• Although both men sensed the emergency of the situation, they were a minority within the Shogunate.

• 会員には旧幕府官僚で、開成所の関係者が多かった。
• Most members were former officials of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and people who had been involved in the Kaiseijo (School for Western Studies).

• 更に幕末の開国後の貿易は更なる価格高騰を招いた。
• Furthermore, trading after Japan's opening to the world at the end of the Edo period caused additional soaring prices.

• 後鳥羽院は依然として鎌倉幕府に不満を抱いていた。
• Gotoba-in still had complaints against the Kamakura bakufu.

• 原本は1650年（慶安3年）に幕府に献上された。
• The original book was presented to the bakufu in 1650.

• 父は室町幕府第2代将軍・足利義詮で、母は紀良子。
• His farther was the 2nd Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and his mother was KI no Yoshiko.

• 慶応3年（1867）6月に幕臣に取り立てられる。
• He was promoted to a vassal of the Tokugawa Shogunate in June, 1867.

• こうして室町幕府の頭痛の種はほとんどが消滅した。
• As a result, most of the headaches for the Muromachi shogunate government were eliminated.

• 幕政を巡り、娘婿である勝元と対立するようになる。
• He had a disagreement with his son-in-law, Katsumoto, over Shogunal politics.

• 常陸国の小田治久の小田城に入り親房の幕僚となる。
• Akikuni occupied Hitachi Province's Oda-jo Castle, which belonged to Haruhisa ODA, and became one of Chikafusa's staff officers.

• 家綱の時代には幕府機構の整備がさらに進められた。
• In the Ietsuna's era, the structure of the bakufu was further improved.

• 田沼は、蝦夷地を調べる為に幕府の探検隊を作った。
• Tanuma organized an expedition team to investigate Ezo (present Hokkaido) for the government.

• その後は長慶に従って幕政に関与するようになった。
• After that Hisahide was involved in shogunate government, following Nagayoshi.

• 譜代大名の土井氏は代々幕府の要職を歴任しておる。
• The Doi clan, one fudai daimyo (a feudal lord in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family), held the important posts of the Tokugawa shogunate for generations.

• 娘の嫁ぎ先である幕府医師・小島家に於いて没した。
• He died in the household of the Kojima family, a doctor working for the shogunate, family which his daughter married into.

• 幕府は関東での事態に対して、持氏討伐の兵を下す。
• Against this situation in Kanto region, Bakufu defeated Mochiie's suppression army.

• 1467年（文正2）1月8日、幕府の管領となる。
• On February 21, 1467 - became the kanrei (shogun's deputy) of the bakufu.

• 義教の代においても宿老として幕政に重きを成した。
• Mitsuie influenced the shogunate government also in the period of Yoshinori as a shukuro (chief vassal).

• また、為相も度々鎌倉へ下って幕府に訴え勝訴する。
• Moreover, Tamesuke repeatedly went down to Kamakura to appeal to the bakufu and gained the case.

• 1862年（文久2年）、幕府蕃書調所教授となる。
• In 1862, he became a Bakufu's Bansho Shirabesho teacher.

• 範勝は二千石の大身の旗本として江戸幕府に仕えた。
• Norikatsu served Edo Bakufu as high ranked Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu), whose income was 2,000 Koku crop yield.

• 幕府の金座役人の子として江戸本所請地に生まれる。
• He was born as son of an official of the shogunate's kinza (one of mints during the Edo period) in Honjo-ukechi of Edo (Tokyo).

• 鎌倉幕府から重んじられ北条氏とも縁を結んでいた。
• The clan was highly valued by the Kamakura bakufu, and also had a connection with the Hojo clan.

• 北条時氏の娘で、鎌倉幕府5代将軍藤原頼嗣の正室。
• She was the daughter of Tokiuji HOJO and the legal wife of the fifth shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, FUJIWARA no Yoritsugu.

• 幕府では寺社奉行、京都所司代を経て老中を勤めた。
• In the bakufu (feudal government), he served as Jisha-bugyo (Commissioner of Temples and Shrines), Kyoto-shoshidai (Shogun's deputy in Kyoto), and then Roju.

• 江戸幕府では側用人、京都所司代、老中を歴任した。
• He held positions such as Sobayonin (close associate), Kyoto Shoshidai (local governor of Kyoto) and Roju (the highest ranking government official) in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 寺社奉行や京都所司代を歴任し、幕政にも参与した。
• He participated as Jisha Bugyo (magistrate of a temple) and Kyoto Shoshidai and cooperated with the shogunate government.

• 1月5日、幕府軍は淀藩へ入ろうとするが断られる。
• On January 29, the bakufu army tried to enter Yodo han (Yodo Domain) but was refused.

• 後伏見天皇の院執事として鎌倉幕府の滅亡を迎える。
• When the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) went to ruin, he was an In no shitsushi (steward) of Emperor Gofushimi.

• 貞為・貞興兄弟は幕府の近習の一人にすぎなかった。
• Sadaoki and his brother, Sadatame, did not advance beyond kinju (attendants) of the bakufu.

• 京都扶持衆になるなど室町幕府に近い人物であった。
• Ujitomo was close to the Muromachi shogunate, as shown by his becoming 'Kyoto Fuchishu' (the samurai placed in Kanto region as the direct vassal of the Ashikaga shogunate).

• 8月6日 - 幕府第一次長州征討軍の総督となる。
• August 6: Became the general of the bakufu army for the first conquest of Choshu.

• その後、2月4日に幕命に従って9士を切腹させた。
• Subsequently, on March 20, 1703, MIZUNO made those nine gishi commit seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) in accordance with the bakufu.

• 後、幕府唯一の砲術師範下曽根金三郎の門下に入る。
• Later, he became a disciple of Kinsaburo SHIMOZONE, the only grand master of gunnery in bakufu.

• 江戸幕府における遠国奉行山田奉行の前身とされる。
• It is considered to be the predecessor of Yamada bugyo, one of the Ongoku bugyo (a collective name for the magistrates placed at important areas directly controlled by the government in the Edo Period) in the Edo bakufu.

• 以降幕末まで越前家筆頭家老として代々執政を行う。
• Until the end of the bakufu after that, he managed the governmental affairs of the domain as the head Karo of the Echizen family.

• 「サー・ジョン・グレーの彫像の除幕式の時だった。
• 'It was at the unveiling of Sir John Gray's statue.

• プトレミーＩ世が創設し、クレオパトラで幕を閉じた
• founded by Ptolemy I and ended with Cleopatra

• ベルリンの壁の崩壊は冷戦後の時代の幕開けとなった
• The fall of the Berlin Wall ushered in the post-Cold War period

• PRIDE GRANDPRIX 2000 開幕戦
• Pride Grand Prix 2000 Opening Round

• 上皇の鎌倉幕府打倒計画には首謀者の一人として参加。
• He was one of the masterminds behind Retired Emperor Gotaba's plot to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 宗良親王（後醍醐天皇の命による鎌倉幕府追討のため）
• Imperial Prince Muneyoshi (he returned to secular life to destroy the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] by order of Emperor Godaigo.)

• 累代の江戸幕府の鷹書は内閣文庫等に収蔵されている。
• Successive books on falconry during the Edo Shogunate are in the possession of the Naikaku-bunko book stock, etc.

• 幕末期、開港場の横浜では牛肉の煮売り屋台があった。
• At the end of the Edo period, boiled beef dishes were served at street stalls in the port of Yokohama.

• 後の室町幕府は白散を、江戸幕府は屠蘇を用いていた。
• Later, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) used byakusan and the Edo bakufu used toso.

• サゲ：普通のサゲが用いられる場合と、幕切れのあと、
• Sage' (final punch lines): some routines end with a usual punch line and others include the following after the closing.

• 後に河内源氏の流れを汲む源頼朝が鎌倉に幕府を開く。
• Later, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was a descendant of Kawachi Genji, established bakufu in Kamakura.

• 幕府執事の高師直が伯州大名の塩冶判官をいじめ抜く。
• Moronao KO, the steward of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), bullies Enya Hangan, the lord of Hakushu.

• 唐人髷（とうじんまげ）：幕末から明治に掛けて流行。
• Tojinmage: This hairstyle became popular from the end of the Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 三幕目　数奇屋河岸喜三郎内の場・浜松町辰五郎内の場
• Act three: the scene at Kisaburo's place in Sukiyagashi ・ the scene at Tatsugoro's place in Hamamatsucho

• 二幕目「陣中切見店の場」は高松城攻めを舞台とする。
• The second act of the play, 'The scene of a Brothel in the Battlefield' depicts the attack of Takamatsu-jo castle.

• 以来、編暦作業の実務は幕府に移り天文方で行われた。
• Since then, the job of making a calendar was done by bakufu's Tenmonkata.

• 小姓組番頭、西丸書院番頭を歴任し、幕政にも関わる。
• He served as Koshogumiban gashira and Nishinomaru shoinban gashira (leader of the shogun's bodyguards in the Nishinomaru); he also participated in the shogunate government.

• 彼らは鎌倉幕府成立の大きな力となり、幕府を支えた。
• They played a major role in establishing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and supported the bakufu.

• ここは後に「大蔵（倉）幕府」と呼ばれるようになる。
• The residence later came to be called 'Okura bakufu.'

• 1613年（慶長18）　江戸幕府が奈良奉行を置く。
• 1613: The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) created a post of Nara bugyo (magistrate).

• 旧幕府軍は箱館の五稜郭において新政府軍に降伏した。
• The army of the former shogunate surrendered to the army of the new government at Goryokaku in Hakodate.

• 慶応3年6月10日 (旧暦) 幕臣取り立てが決まる
• June 10 1867, it was decided that Shinsen-gumi members will be promoted to vassals of the shogunate.

• 室町幕府の職制はほぼ鎌倉幕府の機構を踏襲している。
• The staff organization of Muromachi Bakufu is more or less adapted from the organization of Kamakura Bakufu.

• 以後、幕政は細川氏の権力により支えられる事となる。
• After that, shogunal administration was supported by the Hosokawa clan's power.

• そして、結果的として鎌倉幕府の成立がもたらされる。
• As a result, it led to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 後醍醐は側近の千種忠顕とともに幕府に捕らえられた。
• Godaigo was arrested by the bakufu together with his close adviser, Tadaaki CHIKUSA.

• 同月、護良親王も吉野で挙兵して倒幕の令旨を発した。
• In the same month, Prince Morinaga also raised an army in Yoshino and issued ryoji (order issued by a prince, etc.) to overthrow the bakufu.

• 石母田は、幕府が大きな権限を得たことを認めている。
• ISHIMODA acknowledges that the bakufu was greatly empowered by the decree.

• 特に室町幕府財政において主要な財源の1つであった。
• It was the main source of revenue, especially for the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉時代に入ると鎌倉幕府によって地頭が導入された。
• In the Kamakura period, jito (manager and lord of manor) was adopted by the Kamakura bakufu.

• 後の室町幕府も、この法令を原則として継承している。
• The Muromachi Bakufu which followed also inherited this decree in principle.

• これは幕府権力が全国的に展開する一つの契機となる。
• This was to be an opportunity for the power of bakufu to expand nationwide.

• 鎖国は貿易の権限を幕府が制限・管理した政策である。
• Seclusionism was a policy by which the Bakufu controlled and managed the authority of trade.

• 文永の役後、幕府は博多湾の防備を強化しようとした。
• After Bunei no Eki, bakufu intended to strengthen the defense of Hakata Bay.

• 25日、大雨の中を幕府軍は蟹坂の陣へ攻撃を行った。
• On 19th, the army of bakufu attacked the camp at Kanizaka in a heavy rain.

• 第5代藩主・片桐貞音は不手際から幕府に処罰された。
• The fifth lord, Sadanari KATAGIRI, was charged for his failure by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 当然、諸藩には幕府から天狗党追討の命令が出ていた。
• As a matter of course, domains were ordered by the bakufu to track down and kill Tenguto.

• 幕府奉公衆伊勢貞仍、吉見義隆、畠山政近ほかの四番衆
• Yonban-shu (the fourth group to guard the bakufu) of Bakufu-Hoko-shu (the shogunal military guard of the bakufu) including Sadayori ISE, Yoshitaka YOSHIMI and Masachika HATAKEYAMA,

• 土御門家の陰陽道組織化は、幕末には全国に広まった.
• The systematization of Onmyodo by the Tsuchimikado family spread throughout the country at the end of the Edo period.

• そこで幕府は威信回復を企図し六角氏の討伐を行った。
• Therefore, the bakufu intended to recover its dignity and subjugate the Rokkaku clan.

• このため、江戸幕府の刑罰は厳格に傾きがちであった。
• That is why punishments of the Edo Shogunate were inclined to be severe.

• 幕府による恩恵とする位置づけから恩貸とも呼ばれた。
• It was also called Ontai (sympathy loan) since it was deemed to be a benefit given from the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の初代将軍・源頼朝は母方の従兄弟にあたる。
• The first Shogun of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was his maternal cousin.

• 以下の文は幕末の皇女和宮降嫁の際の村々廻状である。
• The following sentences were used for a circular on the occasion of the Imperial Princess Kazunomiya's marriage in the last days of Tokugawa shogunate.

• 旧陸上幕僚監部調査部調査第2課別室のシンボルマーク
• A symbol for the special room of Investigation Section II in Investigation Division in the old Ground Staff Office

• 景時は北条氏によって幕府から追放された人物である。
• Later, Kagetoki was banned from the Kamakura bakufu by the Hojo clan.

• 安政4年（1857年）、幕府の講武所教授となった。
• In 1857, he became a teacher at the shogunate's military academy.

• 以後、井伊氏の軍装は幕末まで赤備えを基本とされた。
• From that time onwards, Akazonae (red arms) became the basic military dress of the Ii clan until the end of the Edo Period.

• その後、徳川家康に召し出されて江戸幕府に出仕した。
• Ujizane was then invited by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to serve in the Edo bakufu.

• 黒田は榎本ら箱館で降った旧幕臣を開拓使に登用した。
• Kuroda appointed Enomoto and former retainers of the Shogun who surrendered in Hakodate as Development Commissioners.

• 前期における幕政刷新の試みはある程度成功している。
• Tsunayoshi's attempt to reform the military government during the first half of his reign was successful to some degree.

• このため、幕政は老中・阿部正弘によって主導された。
• Therefore, a roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate), Masahiro ABE, took on the leadership of the shogunate government.

• 以降、幕府内部にも西洋医学が導入されることになる。
• It was since this time that the inner Bakufu government introduced Western medicine.

• 8月に後醍醐天皇が再び倒幕を企てて笠置山へ篭った。
• In August, Emperor Godaigo plotted overthrowing the Shogunate again and hid in Mt. Kasagi.

• 蕃書調所の首席教授に任ぜられ、幕臣に取立てられた。
• Genpo was also appointed as a leading professor of Bansho shirabesho (the Institute for Western Studies) and promoted to the Shogun's direct retainer.

• 1252年4月、宗尊親王の家臣として幕府に仕える。
• Kagetsuna started his service as a vassal to Imperial Prince Munetaka in April 1252.

• 「討幕の密勅」を薩摩藩に伝達する役割を担っている。
• He played a role in transmitting 'the secret Imperial command to attack the Shogunate' to the Satsuma domain.

• 大政奉還前は、父の尚忠と同じく幕府との協調を推進。
• Before Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor), he promoted cooperation with bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as his father Hisatada did.

• 唐橋（からはし、生没年不詳）は、江戸幕府大奥女中。
• Karahashi (date of birth and death unknown) was a maid housed in O-oku (the inner rooms of the shogun's palace) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• その後、子孫が高家として取り立てられ幕末まで続く。
• Later descendants were appointed koke (privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate) and continued in this capacity until the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.

• 幕府は義嗣の乱への関与を疑って義嗣や近臣を捕らえ、
• The bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) questioned Yoshitsugu's involvement in the Uesugi war, and he and his attendants were arrested.

• 建仁3年（1203年）、鎌倉幕府の寺社奉行と就る。
• 1203 - Joined the jishabugyo (religious administration) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)

• 子孫は室町幕府に仕えて近江国高島郡に拠点を移した。
• Descendants of Takatada served the Muromachi Shogunate and relocated their home to Takashima County in Omi Province.

• こうした頼経の姿勢は幕府による追及を免れなかった。
• Such a political stance of Yoritsune made the probe by the bakufu inescapable.

• 武田遺臣のなかには幕府に仕えて活躍したものもいる。
• Some of those served the Tokugawa shogunate, doing excellent jobs.

• 特に志士時代には、幕府側から常時命を狙われていた。
• When he was engaged in royalist activities he was the constant target of assassination by the shogunate.

• 承久元年（1219年）7月、幕府小侍所別当に就任。
• He was appointed to bakufu kozamurai dokoro betto in July, 1219.

• 文久2年（1862年）、忠績は幕命により上洛した。
• Tadashige went to Kyoto at the orders of the bakufu in 1862.

• 京方は宇治・勢多の戦いでも敗れ、幕府軍は京に乱入。
• Kyogata also lost at the battles of Uji and Seta, and the army of bakufu intruded to Kyoto.

• 幕末には安楽寿院が鳥羽・伏見の戦いの本営となった。
• At the end of the Edo period, Anrakujuin Temple served as a headquarters during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.

• 禅興寺の起源は鎌倉幕府5代執権北条時頼にまで遡る。
• The origin of Zenko-ji Temple dates back to Tokiyori HOJO, fifth Shikken (regent to the shogunate) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 一万石未満の武士のうち幕府直属の武士を直参という。
• Among warriors with less than 10,000 koku, those who belonged to the Shogunate were called Jikisan.

• 幕末には開港地箱館における外国人の応対も担当した。
• Also responsible for dealing with foreigners in the open port of Hakodate at the end of the Shogunate.

• 幕末になると浪人たちは政治運動に積極的に参加した。
• Towards the end of the Edo period, 浪人 actively participated in political activities.

• 江戸時代には、幕府および諸藩に置かれた役職である。
• During the Edo period, Gundai was a post set within the bakufu as well as in each domain.

• 鎌倉幕府が臨時または常置して政務を分掌させた職名。
• The name of permanent and temporary positions specifically in charge of government practices in the Kamakura bakufu.

• 室町幕府が臨時または常置して政務を分掌させた職名。
• The name of permanent and temporary positions specifically in charge of government practices in the Muromachi bakufu.

• こうした国役は室町幕府・守護大名の没落で消滅する。
• The kuniyaku disappeared with the fall of the Muromachi bakufu and Shugo daimyo.

• 老中昇進時に同名乗りの大名及び配下の幕府役人は遷任
• When one is promoted to Roju (senior councilor), the daimyo who has the same post and the bakufu officials in his charge get transferred.

• 源氏を称して江戸幕府を開いた徳川将軍家も含まれる。
• Also supposedly laying claim to the Minamoto clan line is the family of Tokugawa Shoguns who established the Edo bakufu.

• 中根正盛（徳川家光の側用人、幕臣、大目付、能書家）
• Masamori NAKANE (sobayonin [lord chamberlain] of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, shogun's retainer, ometsuke, and master of calligraphy)

• 幕府より浅草（後に本所）に江戸屋敷を拝領している。
• An Edo residence was bestowed on him by the bakufu in Asakusa (later Honjo)

• 与力（よりき）とは、江戸幕府における代表的な職名。
• Yoriki was a typical governmental post in the Edo bakufu.

• 表右筆（おもてゆうひつ）は、江戸幕府に職制の1つ。
• Omote Yuhitsu was one of the office organizations of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• フーガに先行する、またはオペラの幕の前奏となる音楽
• music that precedes a fugue or introduces an act in an opera

• 演劇またはオペラの幕間の演奏用に作られた短い器楽曲
• a short piece of instrumental music composed for performance between acts of a drama or opera

• オリビエは第二幕でギールグッドの脇役を美しく演じた
• Olivier supported Gielgud beautifully in the second act

• 室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の帰依を受け寺運は興隆した。
• The temple's fortune rose by accepting the conversion of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, to Buddhism.

• 江戸時代になると江戸幕府から朱印状が与えられていた。
• In the Edo period, it was awarded the Shuinjo (shogunate license to conduct trade) by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1432年3月には幕府へ国家諌暁の申し状を上呈した。
• March 1432: Nichiu submitted a written opinion about Kokka Kangyo (advising the government to convert the whole nation to the right religion) to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末の朱引図は五色不動と関係なく作られたものである。
• Shubikizu (map with a red line showing the boundary between the city of Edo and its surrounding areas) that existed in the end of the Edo Period was developed irrespective of Goshiki Fudo.

• 禅宗の一派、臨済宗が幕府の保護によりさらに発展した。
• The Rinzai sect, one school of Zen sect, developed more and patronized by the shogunate.

• 江戸幕府の役職で弓矢と槍の製造、監守を司ったところ。
• It was an official position of the Edo bakufu, who were put in charge of production and control of Yumiya and spears.

• 次第に一体化して、幕末までには不可分の状況になった。
• They gradually became united and had become inseparable by the end of Edo period.

• 室町時代に入り幕府衰退とともに次第に衰退していった。
• With the advent of the Muromachi period, the shogunate fell into decline and along with it, horseback archery subsequently declined.

• 幕末から明治にかけて、明楽は絶滅寸前の状態であった。
• In the era from the late Edo period to the Meiji period, Mingaku was on the verge of extinction.

• こうして、東亜キネマはその9年間の歴史に幕を閉じた。
• Thus, Toa Kinema ended its nine-year history.

• また、鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府の禁令にも度々見られている。
• Also, the government Kamakura and the government Edo often banned it.

• （幕の後、主人公役が花道で六方で引っ込む形もある）。
• (The ending style sometimes takes the following form: After the main curtain is closed, the principal actor disappears from the stage through hanamichi (the passage through the audience to the stage) in the roppo movement (a spirited movement associated with the mie (a special pose)).

• しかし、幕府軍の反攻にあって氏清は戦死してしまった。
• However, the Yamana army was defeated and Ujikiyo was killed by the counter-offensive of the bakufu.

• 後醍醐天皇は倒幕の綸旨を下し、大きな転換期を迎えた。
• Emperor Godaigo ordered to issue rinji (the Emperor's command) to overthrow the Shogunate, which reached a major turning point.

• 執権北条氏が幕府の実権を握った後も命脈を保っていた。
• The clan kept surviving after the Regent Hojo clan took over power of the Shogunate.

• 牧野家35000石の城下町として幕末まで栄え続けた。
• The clan then prospered as the Makino family, a clan worth 35,000 koku, until the end of the Edo Period.

• 8.ここに開きし頼朝が 幕府のあとは何（いず）かたぞ
• The 8th verse: where are the remains of the bakufu established by Yoritomo here

• 慶応3年（1867年）夏頃には幕臣に取り立てられる。
• Around summertime of 1867, they were promoted to vassals of the shogunate.

• 結果、江戸幕府は院政の存在を黙認せざるをえなくなる。
• As a result, Edo Bakufu had no choice but to tolerate the existence of insei.

• 室町幕府が成立すると、鎌倉幕府の守護制度を継承した。
• The shugo system of the Kamakura shogunate was inherited when the Muromachi shogunate was established.

• 後に鎌倉幕府が崩壊する一つの要因となったとも言える。
• It is cited as one of the causes of the bakufu's later collapse.

• 足利尊氏が南朝に対して北朝を擁立し室町幕府を開いた。
• Takauji ASHIKAGA was against the Southern Court, and opened the Muromachi bakufu supporting the Northern Court.

• どの幕府も形式上は将軍の家政機関の形態をとっていた。
• All the bakufu formally functioned as a domestic organization of shogun.

• 明応の政変により中央政権としての幕府体制が瓦解した。
• However, the bakufu system as the central government fell down because of the Coup of Meio.

• 軍勢の中からは脱落して幕府方に降参する者も出始める。
• Some men from his army began to drop out and surrender to the bakufu.

• 幕府に帰参していた山名時熙が50騎を率いて参戦した。
• Tokihiro YAMANA, who had been serving the bakufu, entered the battle with 50 cavalrymen.

• 江戸幕府の幕藩体制の秩序を守るために利用されていた。
• This ranking system was used by the Edo bakufu to maintain its bakuhan taisei (feudal system characteristic of the shogunate).

• 一揆の発生は幕府よりの改易、取り潰しの理由となった。
• The bakufu would demote or expel an official if an uprising broke out.

• 実際鎌倉幕府の有力御家人の多くは在庁官人出身である。
• In fact, many leading gokenin (retainers) of the Kamakura bakufu were from the zaichokanjin.

• また、江戸幕府も寛政の改革で「七分積金」を導入した。
• Also, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) implemented 'shichibu tsumikin (70 percent reserve fund)' for the Kansei Reform.

• 後に室町幕府によって京都の土倉は幕府の支配下に入る。
• Afterward, the Muromachi bakufu put the doso in Kyoto under its administration.

• さらに悪党討伐のための出費も幕府財政を圧迫していた。
• Furthermore, government expenditures to put down akuto pressed the finances of the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府は、以下のような独自の経済基盤を有していた。
• The Kamakura Bakufu possessed the following economic bases.

• 京都守護（きょうとしゅご）は、鎌倉幕府の職制の一つ。
• Kyoto-shugo is one of the occupational categories of the Kamakura bakufu.

• その後、上館（新発田市）に陣屋を移して幕末に至った。
• Later, the family moved to Kamitate (Shibata City) and remained until the end of the bakufu.

• 原画は江戸幕府、大奥にあったが、天保年間、焼失した。
• The original painting had been kept in O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) of the Edo Shogunate, but was destroyed by fire during the Tenpo era.

• 城郭：社会の安定と幕府による規制のため急激に衰えた。
• Castle: the construction of castle declined rapidly due to the social stability and the regulations of the shogunate government.

• 徳川家が将軍を歴任したので「徳川幕府」とも呼ばれる。
• Since the Tokugawa family monopolised the position of shogun for generations, it is also called as the Tokugawa bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府や室町幕府の末期を「幕末」と呼ぶことはない。
• Customarily, the final days of the Kamakura bakufu or the Muromachi bakufu are not called 'bakumatsu.'

• ここに大口方面における約2ヶ月もの戦いに幕は下りた。
• Here, the battle fought about two months in the Oguchi area ended.

• 幕臣の投書は当初許可されていたが間もなく禁止された。
• At first letters of proposal by shogun's retainers were allowed, but soon prohibited.

• 今川範政を頼り駿河へ逃れた持氏は幕府の援助を受けた。
• Mochiuji, who escaped to Suruga expecting the protection of Norimasa IMAGAWA, was supported by the bakufu.

• 持氏が幕府に対して反抗する事態を考慮したからである。
• The bakufu acted as this in case Mochiuji took action against them.

• 幕府昵近公家衆日野某、阿野季綱、松殿忠顕、飛鳥井雅康
• Court nobles to work for bakufu, namely a certain Hino, Suetsuna ANO, Tadaaki MATSUDONO and Masayasu ASUKAI,

• しかし、幕府は一向に攘夷を決行しようとはしなかった。
• However, the bakufu would not take action for expelling foreigners.

• 朝敵と同じ意味だが、多く幕末・明治維新以後に用いる。
• It had the same meaning as emperor's enemy and in this sense, it was used mainly after the end of Edo period/the Meiji Restoration.

• ・註6：「或説ニ、此時、公ノ御陣幕ヲ奪取ラルト云フ。
• Note 6: 'One theory has it that Masamune's camp enclosures were taken away.

• これが、江戸幕府に米価・貧民対策を迫る原因となった。
• These successive incidents made the foreign envoys demand the Edo bakufu to take some measures against the rising rice price and to relieve the poor people

• 開戦直後、旧幕府海軍は大坂の天保山沖に停泊していた。
• Immediately after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the former bakufu kaigun stayed in Mt. Tempo oki (coast) in Osaka.

• ここから春嶽・慶勝・容堂ら反倒幕派が巻き返しを図る。
• From here, Shungaku, Yoshikatsu and Yodo, the anti-tobakuha group, began to regain lost ground.

• 幕末の内戦時になって、近代西洋式の軍制が導入された。
• When a civil war occurred in the end of Edo period, a western-style military system was deployed.

• 1279年（弘安2年）幕府に訴えるため鎌倉へ下った。
• In 1279, she went to Kamakura in order to appeal to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• また幕末維新については周囲に何も語ることはなかった。
• And he did not talk anything about the events around the end of the shogunate/restoration.

• 寛元4年（1246年）3月23日、幕府の執権となる。
• On March 23, 1246, he took office as a regent to the shogunate.

• 室町幕府の薩摩国守護職・大隅国守護職・日向国守護職。
• He served as the Shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of provinces of Satsuma, Osumi and Hyuga under the Muromachi (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府の裁定により、頼久の知行が認められたとある。
• By the decision of Kamakura bakufu, Yorihisa's enfeoffment received recognition.

• また幕府の外国方に雇われて公文書の翻訳をおこなった。
• He was employed by gaikokugata of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and translated official documents.

• 幕府が攘夷期限として5月10日 (旧暦)を上奏する。
• The shogunate notified the May 10th deadline for expulsion of foreigners to the imperial court.

• また、大友氏との戦いでも幕府は毛利氏に和平を命じた。
• In their battle with the Otomo clan, they were requested by the shogunate to make peace with them.

• 1561年（永禄4年）12月8日、幕府相伴衆となる。
• On December 8, 1561 he became Shobanshu of the bakufu.

• 幕府は憲実に政界復帰を命じ、憲実はやむなく出陣した。
• Bakufu ordered Norizane to return to the political world, and Norizane went into the war unavoidably.

• 1221年、承久の乱で幕府軍に従軍して武功を挙げた。
• In the Jokyu War in 1221, he took part in the army of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and distinguished himself in the war.

• 3月4日 (旧暦)、南町奉行免、幕命により白河藩相続
• April 9: He was dismissed from the office of Minamimachi Bugyo to succeed Shirakawa Domain by the shogunal order.

• 71歳の時、幕命により江戸に移り医学校教授方となる。
• At the age of 71, he moved to Edo by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to become an instructor in the medical science school.

• 後に政所知家事として幕府公文書発給の責任者となった。
• Later, he was appointed as a Mandokoro Chikeiji in charge of the issue of bakufu's public documents.

• 幕末以来の不平等条約である治外法権の撤廃に成功する。
• He succeeded in abolishing chigaihoken (exterritoriality), which was an unequal treaty which existed since the end of the Edo period.

• 父は旗本で江戸幕府講武所歩兵指南役の外山忠兵衛正義。
• His father was a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun) called Masayoshichubei TOYAMA, who was a trainer of foot soldiers at a kobusho (military training school) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• その後、勧学寮は幕府所管の勧学講院として再興された。
• Afterwards, the learning dormitories were placed under the Tokugawa Bakufu's jurisdiction, and the Bakufu rebuilt them as Kangakukoin (a learning school).

• その後、西洋砲術を学び、幕府の蕃書調所などに務めた。
• Later he studied Western gunnery, and he worked at Bansho shirabesho of Edo bakufu or the Institute for the investigation of Western books.

• 諸国を巡り反幕府勢力を募るが六波羅探題に察知された。
• He traveled across Japan to recruit anti-shogunate forces; however, Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agent in Rokuhara, Kyoto) scented his moves.

• 室町幕府8代将軍足利義政に忌避され謫挙（たっきょ）。
• Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), avoided him, so he confined himself to his house.

• 1333年（元弘3年） 鎌倉幕府滅亡後、雑訴決断所衆
• In 1333, after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, he was appointed Zassho-Ketsudanshoshu (member of the agency of Kenmu government to file lawsuits).

• この頃には幕府老中の田沼意次にも知られるようになる。
• He was recognized by a member of the shogun's council of elders 'roju', Okitsugu TANUMA, during this period.

• 高杉晋作艦による幕軍への艦砲射撃によって形勢が逆転。
• A naval bombardment conducted by Takasugi turned the tide.

• 幕府によって作成が計画された勲章が「葵勲章」である。
• 'Aoi Kunsho' (Order of Mallow) was a medal that the bakufu projected to create.

• この事から、景盛は外祖父として幕府での権勢を強めた。
• As a result of this, Kagemori strengthened his reins of power in the bakufu as maternal grandfather.

• 父は鎌倉幕府第2代執権・北条義時の子である北条有時。
• His father was Aritoki HOJO, who was a son of the second regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Yoshitoki HOJO.

• 安政は幕府の許可を得ると直ちに城の再建に取りかかる。
• Yasumasa immediately started the reconstruction of the castle once he got the permission from the bakufu.

• 今出川校地の敷地一帯は幕末の薩摩藩邸がおかれていた。
• The area around Imadegawa Campus used to be the residence of Satsuma Domain.

• 幕末になると黒船来航を初めとする外交問題が発生した。
• Starting with the arrival of the Black Ships, the end of the Edo period encountered diplomatic issues.

• 役職内容は江戸幕府の関東付近の代官とほぼ同じである。
• The duties of land stewards during the Edo period were almost the same as those of local governors in the Kanto region appointed by the Edo bakufu.

• そこから派生したもので、鎌倉幕府における政所の要職。
• An important post for Mandokoro (the office of administration) of the Kamakura bakufu, which originated from the above.

• 神領奉行（じんりょうぶぎょう）とは、室町幕府の役職。
• 'Jinryo bugyo' was an official post in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• しかし、当時、幕府の実権は執権北条氏の手中にあった。
• However, at the time the real power of the bakufu was held in the hands of the Shogun's Regents, the Hojo clan.

• 幕臣は勘定吟味役になると、六位となり布衣が許される。
• When a baku-shin (a direct retainer of the bakufu) became a Kanjoginmiyaku officer, he was ranked at Rokui (the sixth rank), being allowed to wear clothes called Hoi.

• 細川氏京兆家　…　室町幕府管領を輩出した細川氏嫡流。
• Hosokawa Keicho family … The main line of the Hosokawa family which produced many Muromachi bakufu kanrei (A shogunal deputy for the Muromachi bakufu.)

• 斯波氏武衛家　…　室町幕府管領を輩出した斯波氏嫡流。
• The Shiba clan Buei family … The main line of the Shiba clan which produced many Muromachi bakufu kanrei.

• 垂れ幕を引くことで敷物が直射日光で褪せることを防いだ
• the drawn draperies kept direct sunlight from fading the rug

• 幕府は二条城と称したが、朝廷側はこれを二条亭と呼んだ。
• The Shogunate named it Nijo-jo Castle, but the Imperial Court called it Nijo-tei.

• 規模は小規模な天守を凌ぎ、幕府権力の象徴となっていた。
• They were greater than a small-scale tenshu and had become a symbol of bakufu power.

• 室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政の側近、外交・文芸顧問。
• He was a close aid of the eighth shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), as the adviser for foreign affairs and literature.

• 五山十刹諸山制度は、室町幕府が制定した寺格制度である。
• The Gozan-Jissetsu-Shozan system was a system of jikaku (status of a Buddhist temple) established by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1745年（延享2年）　幕府より一万坪の寄付を受ける。
• In 1745 33,000 square meters of land was donated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• こうした行事は朝廷や幕府の弓射儀礼に由来するとされる。
• These events are considered to originate from Yumiire/Kyusha girei (shooting ceremony) of the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 歌舞伎で用いられる黒幕は、通常夜を表すための幕である。
• 'Kuromaku' in Kabuki is a black-colored curtain usually used for expressing the night.

• - 江戸幕府の基本政策である社会基盤全般の整備である。
• Tenka bushin refers to the development of public infrastructure on the whole and is a fundamental policy of the Edo bakufu.

• だがシーズン開幕からなかなか波に乗り切れず下位に低迷。
• But the team was not able to ride on the wave of a good condition from the opening of the season, and stayed low in the standings.

• 幕末までには、薩摩や琉球などを除く全国各地に広まった。
• By the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate, Shingaku spread nationwide, except for some areas including Satsuma Domain and Ryukyu.

• 銀杏返し（いちょうがえし）：幕末から明治にかけて流行。
• Ichogaeshi: This hairstyle was popular from the end of Edo Period to the Meiji Period.

• 由井正雪による幕府転覆未遂事件・慶安の変を題材とする。
• It is based on the Keian Incident, the failed attempt to overthrow the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) made by Shosetsu YUI.

• （江戸時代には幕府を批判するような台本は書けなかった）
• (In the Edo period, one could not write anti-bakufu scripts.)

• 歌舞伎の様式美と豪快さのエキスが凝縮されたような一幕。
• The beautiful, peculiar style and the dynamism of kabuki are condensed into 'Sanmon'.

• 江戸時代、徳川家康、江戸幕府、尾張藩などに保護される。
• Ukai was protected by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, Edo bakufu and Owari domain during the Edo period.

• 小瀬の鵜匠は、江戸中期に7人、幕末には5人いたという。
• At Oze, it is said, seven ujo existed in the middle of Edo period and five at the end of Edo period.

• 公卿や鎌倉幕府などの思惑が絡んだため、問題は難航した。
• The issue ran into difficulties because the Court nobles and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) both had different expectations.

• もとは「幕紋二引両」だったが、のちに竪三引両に改めた。
• Although the original crest given by Yoritomo was 'Makumon Nihiki-ryo', the clan changed it to 'Tate Mitsubiki-ryo' later.

• 赤松家と有馬家の縁の強さを象徴している一幕といえよう。
• This is a symbolic episode of the intimate relationship between the Akamatsu family and the Arima family.

• 幕府： 鎌倉時代・室町時代には「将軍の居所」を指した。
• Bakufu: During the Kamakura and Muromachi period, this meant 'the Shogun's whereabouts.'

• 1367年に室町幕府管領の細川頼之が衣笠山に建立する。
• The temple was established in Mt. Kinugasa by the kanrei (shogunal deputy) of the Muromachi Shogunate, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA in 1367.

• 幕末には西郷隆盛、久坂玄瑞や新撰組らが出入りしていた。
• At the end of the Edo period, Takamori SAIGO, Genzui KUSAKA and members in the Shinsengumi frequented Shimabara.

• 元弘元年（1331年）後醍醐天皇による倒幕計画が発覚。
• In 1331 the Emperor Godaigo's plot to overthrow the bakufu was revealed.

• 切妻造本瓦葺きの２階建てで、幕末上層民家の特徴が残る。
• This two-story house is built in kirizuma (an architectural style with a gabled roof) and hongawarabuki (a style of tile roofing in which round and square tiles are laid down alternately) styles, which displays the characteristics of a private residence of people in the upper class in the end of the Edo period.

• その後、幕府配下になると、各隊士は幕府から給料を得た。
• Subsequently, when they became vassals of the shogunate, each member received wages from the shogunate.

• 特に海軍は旧幕府軍のみが持っていた強力な戦力であった。
• The Navy, in particular, was a strong military force that only the former Shogunate forces possessed.

• 義弘は幕府軍の北側の陣へ斬り込み日本刀を振るって奮戦。
• He cut his way into the battle lines of the shogunal army on the north side of the city, striking left and right with his katana in fierce fighting.

• その時、石見国の住人200騎が幕府軍に内応してしまう。
• At that moment, the 200 soldiers from Iwami Province defected and joined the shogunal force.

• 室町幕府における武家の作法・制度について解説している。
• The book provides a guide to manners and systems of samurai family in the Muromachi bakufu

• 京都に本拠を置いた幕府は、朝廷の権能を次第に侵食した。
• The bakufu, which placed its core site in Kyoto, gradually eroded the functions of the Imperial Court.

• （幕府という形態はこの後、備後の鞆の浦に細々と続く）。
• (The form of bakufu barely continued in Tomonoura in Bingo.)

• そのため幕府が度々諸大名に配下の徹底管理を命じている。
• The bakufu often ordered feudal lords to thoroughly supervise samurai under their command.

• 幕府権力の発露の末端である御家人も武家と呼ばれ始めた。
• Furthermore, the term also came to encompass gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogun in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods) who were regarded as the rank and file of the bakufu that enforced the influence of the bakufu.

• 室町幕府が成立すると要地となり鎌倉府に管理される。が、
• After the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was managed by the Kamakurafu (local government office Muromachi bakufu in Kamakura) as an important place.

• 幕府はこれに窮し、管領畠山満家に命じて制圧に乗り出す。
• The pinched bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ordered Mitsuike HATAKEYAMA, kanrei (shogunal deputy) to repress them.

• 主として対馬府中藩が江戸幕府と李氏朝鮮の仲介を行った。
• The Tsushima-fuchu Domain played a principal intermediary role between the Edo bakufu and Yi Dynasty Korea.

• その一方で、幕府内の東国独立論は大きく後退していった。
• Meanwhile, the argument about independence of the Togoku region was significantly receded.

• 初の武家政権となる鎌倉幕府が成立して以降も同様である。
• The situation did not change even after the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as the first military government.

• 例えば鎌倉幕府の最初の侍所別当となった和田義盛である。
• For an example, Yoshimori WADA, who became Samurai-dokoro betto (the Chief Officer of Board of Retainers) during the early Kamakura bakufu.

• 牙符制は室町幕府8代征夷大将軍足利義政により始まった。
• Gafusei was started by the eighth seii taishogun (Commander in chief) of the Muromachi bakufu (shogunate government), Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

• 乱直後、朝廷は、次代の天皇を誰にするかを幕府へ諮った。
• Immediately after the war, the Imperial Court asked the bakufu who the next Emperor would be.

• なお江戸幕府は唯一李氏朝鮮とは正式な国交をもっていた。
• The shogunate government had official diplomatic relations only with Yi Dynasty Korea.

• 文久永宝（ぶんきゅうえいほう）は、幕末に流通した銭貨。
• Bunkyu Eiho coin was a coin circulated at the end of the Edo period.

• エンフィールド銘柄のミニエー銃を幕末日本ではこう呼ぶ。
• In the Bakumatsu period, Minie-type rifles with the brand name 'Enfield' were called Enfield rifles.

• 稲田側は幕末時の活躍によりすぐ認められると思っていた。
• The INADA side thought their request would be approved soon due to the achievement at the end of the Edo period.

• 無株者たちは激しく反発し、幕閣の中でも異論が続出した。
• This provoked a backlash from mukabumono as well as a stream of objections from cabinet officials of the Shogunate.

• （脚注：世に竹の雀の紋幕をとりしというはこの事なり。）
• (Note: The episode that the enclosure with the bamboo and sparrow crest was taken away refers to the above episode.)

• 戊辰戦争では約1100名が旧幕府軍の主力として戦った。
• At the Boshin War, 1100 soldiers of this army fought as the main force of the Old Shogunate army.

• 鎌倉幕府内部の政争で北条氏による有力御家人排斥の一つ。
• It was one of the expulsions of senior vassals carried out by the HOJO clan in times of political strife in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 一方越後国では長茂の甥城資盛が蜂起して幕府軍と戦った。
• On the other hand, in Echigo Province, Sukemori JO, a nephew of Nagamochi, staged an uprising to fight against the bakufu army.

• なお、都々逸という呼称は幕末以降にできたとも言われる。
• It is also said that the name of Dodoitsu appeared after the last days of the Tokugawa government.

• ベースとなる原史料として当時の幕府事務官僚の日記、筆録
• Diaries and written records of the government officials as primary historical materials.

• また、勝海舟は幕府上層部の指示であるとも推測している。
• Kaishu KATSU speculated that the assassination was instructed by the high-ranking officials of the Shogunate.

• 1441年(嘉吉元)7月12日、幕府の侍所所司を辞任。
• On July 12, 1441, he resigned from the position of Samurai-dokoro Shoshi.

• 永樂保全、仁阿弥道八とともに京焼の幕末三名人とされる。
• Mokubei is known to be one of the three masters of Kyo ware of the late shogunate period along with Hozen EIRAKU and Dohachi NINNAMI.

• 幕府では義詮を総大将に大規模な直冬征討の軍勢を起こす。
• The bakufu put together a large army with Yoshiakira at its head to subjugate Tadafuyu.

• その結果、幕府の財政は改善に向かい、景気もよくなった。
• As a result, finances improved and business recovered.

• 奇兵隊など諸隊を創設し、幕末長州藩を倒幕に方向付けた。
• He formed various military corps including the Kiheitai (irregular militia) and led the Choshu clan to campaign against the shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府執権職を世襲する北条氏の嫡流得宗家に生まれた。
• He was born into the Tokuso family, a main branch of the Hojo clan, which produced hereditary regents for the Kamakura bakufu.

• 頼康は尊氏以来の宿老として幕政に参与して重きをなした。
• As a shukuro (a chief vassal of a samurai family) who served Takauji, he contributed to the shogunate administration and was given an important post.

• 1338年、尊氏が征夷大将軍に任じられ室町幕府を開く。
• In 1338, Takauji founded the Muromachi bakufu when he was assigned as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

• 仙台で更に榎本武揚ら旧幕府海軍と合流して蝦夷地へ渡る。
• Afterwards, he joined the former Edo bakufu army with Takeaki ENOMOTO in Sendai and others and went over to Ezo (present Hokkaido).

• 1861年、幕府の第1次遣欧使節の一員として渡海する。
• In 1861, he travelled overseas as a member of bakufu's first Ken-o Shisetsu (Mission to Europe).

• 少壮の公家として、幕末の朝廷で尊皇攘夷を唱え活躍した。
• He played an important role as a young and active court noble, advocating Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) in the Imperial Court at the end of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 父や弟と共に鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加して功績を挙げた。
• He joined the anti-shogunate movement with his father and younger brother, and rendered distinguished services.

• 幕臣山路一郎の子として、東京淺草の天文屋敷に生まれた。
• He was born to Ichiro YAMAJI, a shogun's retainer, in the Tenbun Yashiki, a facility used for astronomy observation in Tokyo's Asakusa district.

• 箱館府の急造部隊は歴戦の旧幕府軍に敵すべくもなかった。
• The quickie troops of Hakodate-fu could not fight well with the Old Shogunate Army who experienced many campaigns.

• 室町幕府成立後は、実家である上杉家の興隆に力を用いた。
• After the establishment of Muromachi bakufu, she utilized her influence to help prosper her parents house, the Uesugi family.

• また江戸幕府御用絵師・狩野洞益に師事したともいわれる。
• It is said that he also studied under Toeki KANO, who was a goyo eshi of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 娘に江戸幕府15代将軍徳川慶喜正室・一条美賀子がいる。
• His daughter was the lawful wife of the 15th shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.

• このために幕閣から「第二の春日局」と恐れられたという。
• Therefore, it is told that officials of the bakufu were afraid of her, calling her 'the second Kasuga no tsubone.'

• ところが移転費用が足らず、幕府から1万両を借り受ける。
• However, he borrowed 10,000 ryo (Japanese monetary unit at the time) from the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) due to the lack of funds for relocation.

• 北条久時の娘で、鎌倉幕府最後の執権である北条守時は兄。
• She was a daughter of Hisatoki HOJO and Moritoki HOJO, who was the last Shikken (regent) of the Kamakura bakufu, was her elder brother.

• 蜷川氏は代々足利将軍家に仕え、室町幕府政所代を務めた。
• The Ninagawa clan had served the Ashikaga Shogun family for generations and held the post of proxy officer of the Mandokoro (Administrative Board) for the Muromachi bakufu.

• 頼家追放により、北条氏が鎌倉幕府の実権を握る事になる。
• The Hojo clan came to have the real power of the Kamakura bakufu with the exile of Yoriie.

• 浪士組六番隊は、後に幕末を賑す錚々たる人物が集まった。
• Eminent people who later worked actively at the end of the Edo period joined the sixth squad of the Roshigumi.

• 室町幕府の第12代将軍・足利義晴の末子として生まれる。
• He was born as the youngest child of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, who was the 12th Shogun of the Muromachi Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕命により改易されて、大名家としての別所氏は滅亡した。
• He was punished by being deprived of his fief by the order of the bakufu, and then the Bessho clan as a daimyo family (feudal lord family) fell.

• 鎌倉幕府討幕運動が九州にまで及ぶと、その鎮圧に努めた。
• When the anti-shogunate movement against the Kamakura bakufu spread to Kyushu, he strived to suppress it.

• 一般的には将軍就任によって鎌倉幕府が開かれたとされる。
• Commonly it is said that Yoritomo's appointment to Seii taishogun opened the Kamakura bakufu.

• 寛政の改革では松平定信の側近として幕政に参与している。
• He took part in the shogunate government as the close aide of Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA in the Kansei Reforms.

• 寛元2年（1244年） - 鎌倉幕府評定衆、前能登守。
• 1244: Kamakura Bakufu hyojoshu, former Noto no kami.

• しかし、室町幕府の没落と共に、安国寺利生塔も衰退した。
• However, Ankoku-ji Temples and Risho-to Pagodas fell into decay with the decline of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• その結果、幕府は限定的に神葬祭を行なうことを許可した。
• As a result, the (Edo) bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gave approval for Shinsosai to a limited extent.

• 更に鎌倉幕府が六波羅探題を設置すると次第に弱体化した。
• Furthermore, when the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto), Kebiishi were gradually weakened.

• 以後、幕府中央に倣って関東管領と呼ばれるようになった。
• Since then, this post came to be called Kanto-Kanrei modeled after the central government.

• 後世、江戸幕府の遠国奉行山田奉行は、これを倣っている。
• Later, Yamada bugyo, one of the Ongoku bugyo, was established after this model.

• 申次衆（もうしつぎしゅう）とは、室町幕府の職名の1つ。
• 'Moshitsugishu' was the name of a post in Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府の若年寄の目耳になって旗本・御家人を監察した。
• In the Edo bakufu, the officers in this post watched for Wakatoshiyori (governmental officers in the bakufu) the states of Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) and Gokenin (also direct retainers of the bakufu, but lower-ranked than Hatamoto).

• 書物奉行（しょもつぶぎょう）は、江戸幕府の職名の一つ。
• Shomotsu-bugyo was a governmental post of the Edo bakufu.

• 以後定員は10-13名で推移しながら幕末にまで至った。
• Appointments as kanjo-kumigashira remained thereafter until the end of the shogunate regime, with the number of appointees ranging between 10 and 13.

• 幕が上がってにぎやかなカクテルパーティーの場面となる。
• The curtain raised on a noisy cocktail party.

• 不正な字幕 URI '[%s]'。字幕を無効にします。
• Invalid subtitle URI '[%s]', subtitles disabled.

• 江戸中期から後期に幕府の許可を得て再建された天守である。
• These Tenshu were reconstructed by permission of the Bakufu in the mid Edo period to the later Edo period.

• 鎌倉幕府の有力御家人として知られる畠山重忠の館跡である。
• It is the remains of the residence of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA, known as a dominant gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods） in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に後醍醐天皇により建武の新政が開始される。
• After the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, Emperor Godaigo instigated the Kenmu Restoration.

• 幕府の儀式芸能であった能は、維新後、廃絶の危機に瀕した。
• After the Meiji Restoration, Noh, which was ceremonial public entertainment for the bakufu, was struggling to survive at the edge of abolition.
• After the Meiji restoration, Noh faced a crisis of elimination since it was the bakufu's ceremonial art.

• また幕末には、井伊直弼が「一期一会」の概念を完成させた。
• Furthermore, Naosuke II completed the general concept of 'Ichigo Ichie' (Treasure every meeting, for it will never recur) in the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

• - 天下普請の事でもあるが個々の具体的な幕府が行う普請。
• This also refers to tenka bushin and is a specific fushin independently executed by the bakufu.

• 幕末以降には吸い口に草花などの彫刻や鍍金装飾がみられる。
• Mouthpieces decorated with sculptural flowers or plated with gold were seen after the end of the Edo period.

• 総髪（そうはつ）：古くから存在したが幕末期に一般に流行。
• Souhatsu: This hairstyle started in the old ages but came into common use at the end of the Edo Period.

• また客席から長兵衛が現れるなど娯楽性に富んだ一幕である。
• It is also entertaining scene, because Chobei comes from the audience seats.

• 元禄8年（1695年）7月に幕府より所領千石が贈られる。
• In July 1695, she was awarded a territory of 1,000 koku (Japanese measurement unit) by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 元禄修陵では所在を誤ったが、幕末修陵に際して現陵に治定。
• In Genrokushuryo (the restoration of the imperial tombs in the Genroku era of the Edo period), the location of Emperor Annei's misasagi was mistaken, but in Bakumatsushuryo (the restoration of the imperial tombs in the end of Edo period) the current site was authorized as his misasagi.

• 姉：喬子女王（江戸幕府12代将軍徳川家慶正室（御台所））
• Her older sister was Princess Takako who was the lawful wife of Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, the twelfth Shogun of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and who was called Midaidokoro (the wife of Shogun).

• 江戸時代の家領は、初め1,800石、幕末は2,860石。
• The hereditary stipend during the Edo period was 1800 koku at the beginning and 2860 koku at the end of the period.

• 堺幕府の解体後は、義維を阿波に迎え、平島公方としている。
• After the disorganization of the Sakai bakufu, he invited Yoshitsuna to Awa as Hirashima Kubo.

• 豊臣家の滅亡後、徳川幕府に独立した大名として認められた。
• He was approved as an independent daimyo by the Tokugawa bakufu after the fall of the Toyotomi clan.

• 乱後、鎌倉幕府は鎮西探題を設置して、西国の押さえとした。
• After the War, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) set up Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu) to control the western region.

• 慶応4年4月12日 (旧暦) 土方歳三、旧幕府軍に加わる
• April 12 1868, Toshizo HIJIKATA joined the army of the former shogunate.

• 明治2年5月18日 (旧暦) 旧幕府軍降伏 戊辰戦争終結
• May 18 1869, the army of the former shogunate surrendered, and the Boshin War ended.

• 堺では幕府軍の総攻撃を撃退した大内勢が意気を揚げていた。
• Back in Sakai, morale among the Ouchi forces jumped after they repulsed the general assault launched by the shogunal army.

• 江戸時代初期における朝幕関係上、最大の不和確執とされる。
• It is considered the most serious discord or feud between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court in the early Edo period.

• 名称は、京都の室町通に幕府が置かれていたことに由来する。
• The name 'Muromachi' was taken from Muromachi-dori (street) in Kyoto, which is where the bakufu was based.

• それから、江戸に幕府を開き、大坂の役で豊臣氏を滅ぼした。
• Then he established the bakufu in Edo and destroyed the Toyotomi clan in Osaka no Eki (the Siege of Osaka).

• いわゆる外様家臣は幕府の職につくことを潔しとしなかった。
• For vassals of collateral line, they was too proud to take a post of bakufu.

• 同書は資料性は高いものの、幕府寄りの視点で書かれている。
• It is valuable as a historical resource, but is written from a viewpoint that leans towards the bakufu.

• 後醍醐天皇を中心とした勢力による鎌倉幕府討幕運動である。
• The movement was driven by the powers that had gathered together with Emperor Go-Daigo as the central figure.

• 楠木軍は90日間にわたって幕府の大軍を相手に戦い抜いた。
• The Kusunoki army had fought through 90 days against the larger bakufu army.

• そして、伯耆国の船上山に入って倒幕の綸旨を天下へ発した。
• Then, Godaigo reached Mount Senjo in Hoki Province and issued a rinji (the Emperor's command) for the nation to overthrow the bakufu.

• 明治維新による幕藩体制の崩壊により、この呼称はすたれた。
• This kind of naming became obsolete with the Meiji Restoration and collapse of the shogunate system.

• 鎌倉時代において、幕府は惣領制を御家人支配の基盤とした。
• The Soryo system (the eldest son system as the succession of the head of the family) was made as a base to rule over gokenin (immediate vassal of the shogunate during the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) by bakufu during the Kamakura period.

• その結果、幕府では将軍と御家人の関係再構築が実施された。
• As a result, in the bakufu, the reconstruction of the relationship between shogun and gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) was carried out.

• これにより、鎌倉幕府の形成がひとまず完了することとなる。
• These events essentially completed the formation of the Kamakura Bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府の存立は、武士、特に関東武士団を基盤としていた。
• The existence of Kamakura bakufu was based on samurai, especially Kanto Samurai Group.

• 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に開始された建武の新政から尊氏が離反する。
• Takauji then turned against the Kemmu Restoration which started after the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell.

• 幕法（武家諸法度）違反（城郭の違法な増改築、違法婚姻等）
• Breach (illegal extension or reconstruction of castles or illegal marriage) of the Shogunate law (Buke Shohatto [code for the warrior households])

• 朽木氏は朽木谷城を本拠として代々室町幕府奉公衆を務めた。
• The Kutsuki clan was based in Kutsukidani-jo Castle, which served as hokoshu (a military post in the Muromachi Shogunate) for the Muromachi bakufu (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for generations.

• これが徳川幕府に継承され、江戸時代の通貨の基軸となった。
• This system was succeeded to Tokugawa shogunate which was basis for the currency in the Edo period.

• この乱によりキリスト教は幕藩体制を揺るがす元凶と考えた。
• This war made the Bakufu believe that Christianity might shake the feudal system that was characteristic of the shogunate.

• 天領（てんりょう）とは江戸幕府の直轄領のことを指す通称。
• Tenryo is commonly known as a name for territories that were under the direct control of the Edo Shogunate.

• 幕府方も連続した戦闘に疲弊したため、追撃を行わなかった。
• The bakufu side, also exhausted with a series of battles, did not chase them.

• 大番（おおばん、大御番）は、江戸幕府の組織の一つである。
• Oban (the great guards) was one of the organizations of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• しばしば大名が就任した（開幕初期はその傾向が特に強い）。
• Often a daimyo was installed as a ban-gashira (especially, such tendency was often seen during the early years of the Edo bakufu).

• 8日、幕府軍は総攻撃を10日と定めて攻囲軍諸藩に命じた。
• On October 20, the bakufu army decided to do an all-out attack on October 22 and ordered various domains in charge of besieging Tenchu-gumi to that effect.

• さらに幕府の朝令暮改がこれに追い討ちをかけることになる。
• The bakufu's lack of principle further worsened the situation.

• 高頼が甲賀郡から伊勢国へ逃れたため、幕府軍は討伐を断念。
• The army of bakufu abandoned the suppression because Takayori escaped from Koga County to Ise Province.

• 旗奉行（はたぶぎょう）とは、江戸幕府における組織の一つ。
• Hata bugyo (flag magistrate) was one of organizations in Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 大仏殿再建のために、より一層の幕府の協力が必要であった。
• For reconstruction of the Great Buddha Hall, further assistance was needed from the bakufu.

• 幕府で採用されていたものには大きく分けて以下の3つある。
• Those adopted by the bakufu are roughly classified into the following three:

• フランス式軍事演習で鍛えられた幕府陸軍で一挙に敵を粉砕。
• Now, the bakufu army having been trained in French tactical military strategy would enter the battle, to attack and destroy the enemy.

• 幕末には島津久光や伊達宗賢などが名人として知られている。
• Hisamitsu SHIMAZU and Muneyasu DATE are known as the masters at the end of the Edo period.

• 鎌倉幕府成立以降、武士も様々な文書を発給する必要が出た。
• After the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, people of the warrior class began to find it necessary to issue various documents as well.

• 西村晃 『幕末残酷物語』（監督：加藤泰）1964年、東映
• Acted by Ko NISHIMURA 'Cruel Story of the Shogunate's Downfall' (Director: Tai KATO), Year 1964 by Toei.

• 直後の2月、寺田屋で幕吏に襲撃されたが一命を取り留める。
• Immediately thereafter in February, Ryoma was attacked by shogunate officials at Teradaya inn, but escaped death.

• 結果に不満であった政元は、やがて幕府に距離を置き始める。
• Dissatisfied with the outcome, Masamoto began to remove himself from governmental affairs.

• 1440年(永享12)6月13日、幕府の侍所所司に就任。
• On June 13, 1440, he became Samurai-dokoro Shoshi, Governor of the Samurai-dokoro, a position equal to the Samurai-dokoro Tonin.

• 京方は幕府の大軍の前に各地で敗退して、幕府軍は京を占領。
• The Emperor's Kyoto force lost battle after battle fighting against the huge government force, finally losing Kyoto.

• 鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝は、義家のひ孫にあたる源義朝の子。
• Yoritomo MINAMOTO, who established the Kamakura bakufu, was the son of Yoshitomo MINAMOTO, who was the great-great-grandson of Yoshiie.

• そこでも戦功を挙げ、鎌倉幕府の元老として取り立てられた。
• He also got the credit there, and he was raised to Genro (elder statesman) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府御家人の嫡子として江戸、角筈(現新宿区)に生まれる。
• He was born in Tsunohazu, Edo (present day Shinjuku Ward of Tokyo) as the legitimate child of a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the bakufu: Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 王政復古後の薩摩藩、長州藩の討幕運動には賛成しなかった。
• After the Restoration of Imperial Rule, the Satsuma Domain and the Choshu Domain disagreed to the overthrow of the shogunate.

• 泰盛を支持した幕府草創以来の有力御家人の多くが没落した。
• Many of those who had been senior retainers since the bakufu's establishment were brought to ruin as they supported Yasumori.

• だが、それが原因で幕臣嫌いの大久保利通から憎まれていた。
• However, because of this, GO was hated by Toshimichi OKUBO, who disliked former retainers of shogun.

• 政治手腕にも長け、幕府創設期には訴訟奉行を任されている。
• He was also familiar with politics and appointed as bugyo of the lawsuit agency during the early period of the foundation of bakufu.

• 数多くの弟子を育て、幕末に至る歌川派の興隆をもたらした。
• Toyokuni brought a prosperity to the UTAGAWA school by educating many disciples toward the end of the Edo Period.

• 幕府滅亡後の建武の新政下では雑訴決断所の奉行職を務めた。
• Under the Kenmu Restoration (the new government led by the Emperor Godaigo) after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, he served as a magistrate (in Japan's feudal period) of zasso-ketsudansho (a court which deals with minor offenses).

• 文久2年（1862年）、江戸幕府海軍操練所翻訳方に出仕。
• In 1862, he served as a translator in the Navy Training Center of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末の動乱期は、小藩のために主体的な行動をとれなかった。
• During the unsettled days of the end of the Edo period, he couldn't take any independent action because of his small domain.

• 幕府御用掛を勤めながら、資金面から勤皇の志士を後援した。
• While he served as Bakufu Goyo-gakari (Shogunate's official business person), he supported Kinno no shishi (patriots with reverence for the Emperor) from the fund side.

• 幕府の公的な系譜集「寛政重修諸家譜」にも「義直」とある。
• It is written as 'Yoshinao' even in 'Kansei Choshu Shokafu' (genealogies of vassals in Edo Bakufu), the official genealogy of the bakufu.

• 幕末は尊皇攘夷運動に傾倒し、明治維新後に内務官僚となる。
• He devoted himself to the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' in the end of Edo Period and became an official of the Ministry of Home Affairs after the Meiji Restoration.

• 鎌倉幕府執権の北条氏に家司として仕え、侍所所司を務める。
• He served as a keishi (household superintendent) for the Hojo clan, regent to Kamakura bakufu, and held a position of Samurai-dokoro shoshi.

• 幕末には加賀藩主中納言の前田斉泰も上時国家を訪れている。
• Close to the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, Nariyasu MAEDA, Lord of Kaga Domain and Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), visited the Kamitokikuni family (branch family of the Tokikuni family).

• 1332年（元弘2年）鎌倉幕府により父兼基に預けられた。
• In 1332, The Kamakura bakufu handed him into the custody of his father, Kanemoto.

• 源実朝は、婿にあたるため、鎌倉幕府との交渉役ともなった。
• Because MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was his son-in-law, he also played the role of negotiator with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府の学問所にあたり儒学を広げていく元となっていく。
• Shoheizaka Gakumonjo was a school controlled by the Edo bakufu, and played a central role in propagating Confucianism.

• 昭和初期、子母澤寛の取材を受けて幕末当時の回顧談を語る。
• Interviewed by Kan SHIMOZAWA in the early Showa period, Yugoro talked about his memories of the end of Edo period

• 室町幕府で「衛門佐（えもんのすけ）」は、畠山氏であった。
• Emon no suke' was used by the head of the Hatakeyama household in the Muromachi Shogunate.

• 鎌倉幕府の第4代執権・北条経時、5代執権・北条時頼の母。
• She was the mother of both the 4th regent Tsunetoki HOJO and the 7th regent Tokiyori HOJO.

• 一般には対室町幕府強硬論者だといわれる（佐藤進一など）。
• He is generally said to have been a hard-liner against the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (Shinichi SATO and so on).

• 鎌倉滅亡後は足利尊氏に仕え室町幕府初代問注所執事となる。
• After the fall of Kamakura, he served Takauji ASHIKAGA, becoming the first head of Monchujo in the Muromachi bakufu.

• そこで劣勢を回復した久邇宮朝彦親王などの佐幕派公卿たち。
• This helped the shogunal supporters, such as Imperial Prince Asahiko of the House of Kuninomiya, to regain their power.

• 鎌倉幕府11代執権（在職 1311年 - 1312年）。
• He was the eleventh regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from 1311 until 1312.

• 5月22日、鎌倉幕府滅亡に際し東勝寺で北条高時らと自刃。
• May 22, 1333: He committed suicide with Takatoki Hojo, etc. in Tosho-ji temple when the Kamakura bakufu was destroyed.

• 鎌倉幕府3代執権・北条泰時の長男で世子だったが早世した。
• He was the first son and heir to the third regent of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Yasutoki HOJO, but died young.

• 翌年1月、鳥羽伏見の戦いで、幕府側の軍を指揮するが敗北。
• In January of the same year (1868), he lead the Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba and Fushimi, but his army was defeated.

• 幕府のことであれば何事でも申し述べようがと言ったという。
• If it was a governmental affair, I could have said something.

• 鎌倉は後の鎌倉幕府の本拠地として、発展を遂げる事となる。
• Kamakura continued to develop as future headquarters of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 宗久は幕府の許可を得て御家人と商人間の仲裁を行っていた。
• By permission from the bakufu, Munehisa acted as an arbitrator for the gokenin and the merchants.

• そのため、幕命により改易され、常陸国筑波に流罪とされた。
• He forfeited rank of Samurai and properties by order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and was deported to Tsukuba in Hitachi Province.

• 死後、息子今川直房は江戸幕府の高家として取り立てられた。
• After his death, his son, Naofusa IMAGAWA received a favor of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as koke (a privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate).

• 兄の秀康は後鳥羽上皇の討幕計画の首謀者のひとりであった。
• His older brother Hideyasu was one of the ringleaders of the Retired Emperor Gotoba's plan for anti-Shogunate.

• 列車種別は先頭車両前面の通過標識灯や方向幕で識別できる。
• The type of rolling stock can be recognized by marker lights or a rollsign (destination blind) installed on the front surface of the lead vehicle.

• その後、豊臣秀吉と江戸幕府が寺領を寄付して保護している。
• Later, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Edo Shogunate donated lands to the temple and became its patrons.

• 幕末には岩倉具視がここにかくまわれていたことで知られる。
• Tomomi IWAKURA was famously sheltered here towards the end of the Edo Period.

• 朝廷と江戸幕府は全国の有力社寺に攘夷の祈願をおこなった。
• The Imperial Court and the Edo bakufu offered a prayer in main temples and shrines throughout the country for the expulsion of the foreigners.

• 六波羅探題（ろくはらたんだい）は、鎌倉幕府の職名の一つ。
• 'Rokuhara Tandai' is a job title in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• このとき幕府が受ける命令を違勅綸旨または違勅院宣という。
• The order received by the bakufu is called ichoku rinji or ichoku inzen.

• 観阿弥、世阿弥や、江戸幕府における同朋衆がその例である。
• Examples are Kanami, Zeami and Doboshu in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 三善氏の末裔である摂津氏が室町幕府の官途奉行を世襲した。
• The Settsu clan, which was descended from the Miyoshi clan, succeeded to the hereditary post of Kanto bugyo in the Muromachi bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府においては、政所や問注所に執事職が置かれていた。
• The post of shitsuji was set at Mandokoro and Monchujo of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕末名古屋、京都で活躍、「千鳥の曲」など名曲を多数残した
• Was active in Nagoya and Kyoto at the end of the Edo period and left various famous songs such as 'Chidori no Kyoku' (The Song of the Plover).

• 幕府では、比較的広域の幕府領を支配する代官のことをいう。
• Within the bakufu, the post referred to a local governor (Daikan) who controlled a relatively wide extension of government territory.

• (京都守護は)一時期を除いて親幕派公家から選ばれている。
• The kyoto-shugo was chosen from among the pro-bakufu court nobles, except for a certain period of time.

• しかし、戦国時代 (日本)、室町幕府を実質的に滅ぼした。
• However, the Muromachi bakufu was substantially destroyed during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).

• この後、明治政府が征夷大将軍の地位と幕府制度を廃止した。
• Later, the Meiji government abolished the title of Seii taishogun and the shogunate system.

• 本所奉行（ほんじょぶぎょう）とは、江戸幕府の役職の1つ。
• Honjo bugyo was one of the positions of Edo bakufu.

• クリップ[$2]には[$1]字幕が見つかりませんでした。
• No [$1] subtitles were found for clip: [$2]

• それでもあたりのものは不透明な幕がはっているようだった。
• and yet there seemed an intangible pall over the face of things,

• 侍戦隊シンケンジャーVSゴーオンジャー 銀幕BANG!!
• Samurai Sentai Shinkenger vs. Go-onger: GinmakuBang!!

• 天装戦隊ゴセイジャーVSシンケンジャー エピックon銀幕
• Tensou Sentai Goseiger vs. Shinkenger: Epic on Ginmaku

• 足利義政とその夫人日野富子の幕政を批判したことも知られる。
• He is known to have criticized the shogunate of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and his wife Tomiko HINO.

• 以後5代に渡って江戸幕府の御数寄屋頭となり怡渓派を伝える。
• He and the next four generations, as Osukiya Gashira of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) taught the Ikei-ha.

• 幕切れ・大詰め・大団円（まくぎれ・おおづめ・だいだんえん）
• 'Makugire' (the ending) & 'Ozume' (the final stage) & 'Daidanen' (a grand finale)

• 幕末に桜田門外の変で暗殺された井伊直弼の墓も豪徳寺にある。
• The grave of Naosuke Ii, who was assassinated in the Sakuradamongai Incident at the end of the Edo period, is also located in Gotoku-ji Temple.

• 幕末～明治の転換期に先を見通し、京都の博覧会の開催に尽力。
• Having foresight of what the transition period between the end of Edo period and the Meiji period might bring, Joeki became instrumental in organizing an exhibition in Kyoto.

• その後舞台芸になり寄席で俄の開幕（前座）として演じられた。
• Gradually, these entertainments evolved into theatrical arts which were performed as a type of niwaka (an impromptu comic play) as zenza (a opening act) at vaudeville theaters.

• 渋川春海はこの功により、幕府から新設の天文方に任命された。
• Because of this achievement, Harumi SHIBUKAWA was assigned as newly created Tenmongata (official astronomer to the shogun) from the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 家康に寵愛され、大蔵流を差し置いて幕府狂言方筆頭となった。
• Ieyasu favored Sogen so much that he ordered the Sagi school to become the official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court, with neglecting the Okura school.

• 徳川幕府の旗本であった疋田氏や鎌田氏、平野氏などが用いた。
• Hikita clan, Kamata clan, and Hirano clan, which were all hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of the Tokugawa Shogunate, were known to have used the gotokumon.

• 江戸幕府瓦解後、清孝は将軍家に従って静岡に下る道を選んだ。
• After the collapse of Edo bakufu, Kiyotaka chose to go down to Shizuoka with Shogun family.

• その宗家に生まれた足利尊氏は後に京都の室町に幕府を開いた。
• Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was born into the head family, later established bakufu in Muromachi, Kyoto.

• 大正以降の現行の演出の多くはここまでで幕となり、終了する。
• Most of the kabuki plays directed from the Taisho period to the present end here.

• 楠木正成の末裔と名乗る由井正雪は同士を集め幕府転覆を図る。
• Shosetsu YUI claimed to be a descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI, got his comrades together and attempted to overthrow the bakufu.

• 『太平記』の世界に取材、上・中・下の全3幕の構成からなる。
• The world of 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) is covered, consisting of three parts; the first, the second, the third parts.

• 幕末の歌舞伎らしい爛熟した美しさと作者の機知が堪能できる。
• Fully-matured beauty which is characteristic of Kabuki in the end of Edo Period and writer's wit satisfy the audience.

• 一方、幕府もこの動きを歓迎して天皇親政の支援に動き出した。
• On the other hand, the government of Edo welcomed this movement and showed its interest in supporting the Emperor's directly ruled government.

• 幕府は元に備えると共に、朝廷は神社に異国降伏の祈願を行う。
• The bakufu prepared for battle against the Yuan [Mongol] Dynasty while the Imperial Palace prayed that they would yield to Japan.

• 困惑した幕府は姞子に後嵯峨院の真意について質すこととした。
• The confused Bakufu decided to inquire to Kitsushi as to the true will of the Emperor Gosaga.

• 幕末修陵に際して現陵を擬し、明治11年（1878年）治定。
• During the repair of the mausoleum conducted in the end of Edo period it was finally determined to be the actual one in 1878.

• 山陰道の入り口に当たるため、江戸幕府から特に重要視された。
• Kameyama was greatly valued by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as it served as the gateway to a region of Japan known as the Sanin-do.

• 幕末、明治維新期の壬生基修（もとおさ）は、七卿落ちの一人。
• At the end of Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, Motoosa MIBU was one of shichikyo-ochi members (defeated seven nobles).

• 彼らは鎌倉幕府引付衆あるいは室町幕府奉行衆として活躍した。
• These clans actively played roles of Hikitsukeshu (Coadjutors of the High Court) in the Kamakura bakufu and Bugyoshu (groups of magistrates) in the Muromachi bakufu.

• 幕末には澤為量・澤宣嘉父子が勤皇攘夷派の急先鋒として活躍。
• In the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tamekazu SAWA and his son, Nobuyoshi SAWA actively worked as vanguards of the sonnojoi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians).

• 室町幕府将軍家（足利氏）の執奏によって堂上家に加えられた。
• It was added to toshoke (the hereditary lineage of court nobles allowed to enter the tenjonoma in the palace) upon recommendations by the shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (Ashikaga clan).

• 頼朝が鎌倉幕府を開くと、広元は幕府の中枢にまで昇りつめた。
• When Yoritomo opened the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Hiromoto rose to the nerve center of the bakufu.

• その後、榎本武揚が率いる幕府所有の軍艦で江戸へと移動した。
• Subsequently, they moved to Edo on a war ship owned by the shogunate and headed by Takeaki ENOMOTO.

• 室町幕府（むろまちばくふ）は、足利尊氏が創設した武家政権。
• Muromachi Bakufu was a samurai government established by Takauji ASHIKAGA.

• 使節遵行とは幕府の判決内容を現地で強制執行することである。
• The shisetsu-jungyo was intended to enforce the shogunate's decision in the field.

• その上で建武式目を制定し、施政方針を定め正式に幕府を開く。
• Additionally, Takauji enacted the Kenmu Code, established an administrative policy and formally created a shogunate.

• 討幕の流説が流れ、朝廷と幕府の対決は不可避の情勢となった。
• Rumors of a plot to overthrow the shogunate began to circulate, until things reached the point that a confrontation between the Court and the shogunate was unavoidable.

• 時清の軍勢は幕府軍の陣を次々に打ち破るが力尽きて退却した。
• Tokikiyo's force smashed the camps of the shogunal army one after the other, but exhausted their strength and were forced to withdraw.

• 幕府軍の死者は260人余、山名軍の死者は879人であった。
• There were 260 deaths from the bakufu army and there were 879 deaths from the Yamana army.

• 天皇親政を理想に掲げ、鎌倉幕府の打倒を密かに目指していた。
• Emperor Godaigo espoused the ideal of direct administration by the Emperor, but he harbored the aim of overthrowing the Kamakura bakufu.

• 足利高氏は所領のあった丹波国篠村八幡宮で幕府へ反旗を翻す。
• Takauji ASHIKAGA rose in revolt against the bakufu at Shinomura-Hachimangu Shrine in the Tanba Province, which was a shoryo (territory).

• そして、足利尊氏の離反と室町幕府の成立へと結びついていく。
• Accordingly, Takauji ASHIKAGA became alienated from Godaigo and established the Muromachi bakufu.

• 以後、延暦寺などの寺社と幕府の間で激しい駆け引きが行わた。
• This was followed by intense bargaining between the bakufu and temples including Enryaku-ji Temple.

• 幕府は納銭方と呼ばれる役職を設けてこれらの徴税にあたった。
• The bakufu formed Nosenkata (an institution for collecting taxes from moneylenders and sake breweries) and collected taxes from these institutions.

• 更に朝廷の官職への推挙権や幕府の役職も恩賞の対象となった。
• Rights to commend meritorious warriors to posts in the Imperial Court or to appoint them to posts in the Shogunate were also regarded as rewards.

• 幕臣の家来が御所に用向きがある際は、信長の許可を得ること。
• When the shogun's retainer is to visit the imperial palace on business, the retainer shall ask the permission of Nobunaga.

• 鎌倉幕府の重臣であった北条氏 (金沢流)が主体と見られる。
• The main sponsor is believed to be the Hojo clan (Kanazawa school), a senior vassal of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 以後は鎌倉幕府が滅亡したこともあり、唐船の往還は停止した。
• After that Tosen stopped coming and going partly because the Kamakura bakufu fell.

• 即ち、当時の源頼朝の武家政権は鎌倉幕府の称を用いていない。
• That is, the samurai government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo did not use the name Kamakura bakufu.

• こうして幕府の実権は、執権の北条氏が掌握することとなった。
• Thus, the real power of bakufu came to be held by Shikken Hojo clan.

• 頼朝の家政機関に端を発し、幕府の一般政務・財政を所管した。
• Originated from Yoritomo's domestic governing institution and was in charge of general government practices and finance.

• これに対して、江戸幕府では譜代大名が幕府の要職を独占した。
• In contrast, in the Edo bakufu, it was the fudai daimyo who dominated important roles in the bakufu.

• 江戸時代の幕府の顧問僧であった天海の目撃情報などに基づく。
• The data is based on the visual information of Tenkai, a priest and an adviser to the bakufu in the Edo period, and on others.

• しかしこのような国際的背景を幕府が知りえたか定かではない。
• It is uncertain, however, whether or not the Bakufu would be able to learn in such a global background.

• 長崎は幕府の天領として幕府の直接管理で貿易がおこなわれた。
• Nagasaki was regarded as a shogunal demesne, where trade was carried on under the direct control of the Bakufu.

• 銀座といえば主に徳川家康が開いた江戸幕府の銀座が知られた。
• The most famous was the Edo shogunate ginza that was opened by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

• 開幕前の大番は松平氏や家康の縁類が番頭に就く事が多かった。
• Before the Edo period began, the Matsudaira clan and the relatives of Ieyasu were often hired as the captain of oban.

• 室町幕府では乱に際して4代将軍の足利義持は持氏を支援した。
• The fourth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, supported Mochiuji in the war.

• 江戸幕府開府後も、幕閣最高位の役職としてこの名を踏襲した。
• Even after the Edo bakufu was established, this title continued to be used for the highest post available to cabinet officials of the Shogunate.

• そのため、対馬藩の国書改竄の事実を、幕府に対して訴え出た。
• Therefore, Yanagawa complained to the bakufu for the modification of diplomatic messages done by Tsushima Domain.

• 幕府は天狗党追討令を出し、常陸、下野の諸藩に出兵を命じる。
• Bakufu issued an order to track down and kill Tenguto, and ordered domains in Hitachi and Shimotsuke Province to dispatch troops.

• このため、民党からは「黒幕内閣」「二流内閣」と揶揄された。
• Therefore, this cabinet was ridiculed by Minto (political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a han-dominated government when imperial Diet was inaugurated) such as 'Power broke cabinet' and 'Second-rate cabinet'.

• だが、大久保の主張した旧幕臣官吏の追放が認められなかった。
• However, the purge of the government officials who were former retainers of shogun, which was supported by Toshimichi OKUBO, was not accepted.

• この事件は源頼朝死去の翌月に発生し、鎌倉幕府を揺るがせた。
• The incident occurred in the month following the death of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and shook the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun).

• 江戸幕府は公事師による訴訟代理行為や濫訴を度々禁じている。
• The Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) often prohibited kujishi from working as agents in lawsuits and malicious abuse of process.

• その死について『吾妻鏡』は「幕下（源頼朝）殊に溜息し給う。
• The 'Azuma kagami' (Mirror of the East) describes the reaction to news of his death: 'Yoritomo in particular heaved a great sigh.

• 里村家は徳川宗家に仕え、幕府連歌師として連歌界を指導した。
• The Satomura family served the head of the Tokugawa family and lead the linked-verse arena as Rengashi of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 足利 義持（あしかが よしもち）は室町幕府4代将軍である。
• Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA was the fourth shogun of Muromachi Shogunate.

• 八郎死後、幕府は浪士組を新徴組と改名し庄内藩預かりとした。
• After Hachiro's death, the Shogunate changed the name of the Roshigumi to Shinsengumi, and placed it under the supervision of Shonai-han.

• 室町幕府の全盛期を築いた第3代将軍・足利義満の孫にあたる。
• He was a grandson of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the 3rd Shogun who built the most prosperous era during the Muromachi Shogunate.

• これにより最大宗教勢力の比叡山は室町幕府に屈したのである。
• The Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple, the largest religious power in Japan, finally gave in to the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 実朝暗殺からそれまでの間、鎌倉幕府には将軍が不在であった。
• Until then, there had been no Shogun in the Kamakura Shogunate since the assassination of Sanetomo.

• 江戸幕府碁方の安井家1世安井算哲の子として京都に生まれた。
• He was born in Kyoto, the son of Santetsu YASUI, the first head of the Yasui family and official professional go player under the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 天文6年（1537年）、右京大夫に任官し、幕政を支配した。
• He was appointed as Ukyo no daibu (mayor of the right capital district) in 1537 to control the shogunate government.

• 鎌倉幕府の連署を務めた北条維貞（貞宗）の子として生まれる。
• He was born as a son of Koresada (Sadamune) HOJO who served as a Rensho (assistant to regents) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• これが尊攘派志士の目に「幕府に寝返った」と映り、狙われた。
• Because this had appeared as a 'betrayal against the Bakufu' to the eyes of the patriots that belonged to the Sonno Joi ha, he was made a target.

• なお高経の死後、義将はまもなく赦免され幕府に復帰している。
• In addition, after Takatsune's death, Yoshimasa was pardoned after a short time and came back to bakufu.

• さらに禅秀の子上杉持房・上杉教朝らを含む幕府軍を派遣する。
• In addition, the bakufu force including Zenshu's sons, Mochifusa UESUGI and Noritomo UESUGI was sent.

• 幕末以来の不平等条約を解消するための条約改正の交渉を行う。
• He negotiated for treaty revision to break off unequal treaty since the end of Edo period.

• - 幕臣前島家の養子となり、家督を継いで前島来輔と名乗る。
• He was adopted by Maejima family, a Shogun's retainer, took over as head of the family, and designated himself as Raisuke MAEJIMA.

• だが、幕府の対応は早く、翌日には周辺諸藩が兵を出動させた。
• However, Bakufu's response was quick and nearby domains rapidly dispatched soldiers on the following day.

• 元弘の乱後から足利尊氏に仕え、討幕運動などでも功を挙げた。
• He started to serve Takauji ASHIKAGA after the Genko War, and contributed to the anti-shogunate movement.

• 江戸幕末の画家・菊池容斎は、武時の子孫であると伝えられる。
• A painter at the end of the Edo period, Yosai KIKUCHI is said to be a descendant of Taketoki.

• ここにお家再興は絶望的となり、幕府への遠慮は無用となった。
• Thus it became unnecessary for the bakafu (feudal government) to concern itself as the restoration of the family became hopeless.

• 慶応三年六月十日の幕府召抱えでは、調役・見廻組並であった。
• When he was employed as a mercenary by the Tokugawa bakufu on July 11, 1867, he was a shirabeyaku (investigator) and mimawariguminami.

• このことが、明治以降における陣幕の活動を助けることとなる。
• This shifting helped Jinmaku's activity during the Meiji period.

• 元禄16年（1703年）2月4日、江戸幕府の命により切腹。
• On March 20, 1703, he committed suicide by disembowelment by the order of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 松井氏は室町幕府の足利将軍家に仕える家で京都に住んでいた。
• The Matsui clan had served Ashikaga Shogun Family of the Muromachi Bakufu and lived in Kyoto.

• みなもと太郎の「風雲児たち幕末篇」にも手塚良仙は登場する。
• Ryosen TEZUKA also appears as one of the characters in 'Fuunjitachi Bakumatsu-hen' (The Lucky Adventurers at The End of Edo Period) written by a Japanese manga artist Taro MINAMOTO,

• 大永6年（1526年）、一時的とはいえ室町幕府管領となる。
• In 1526, though tentatively, he became a Muromachi bakufu kanrei.

• 同年10月27日、陸奥国仙台藩医より幕府医師に登用される。
• On December 9 of the same year, he was appointed doctor for the shogunate by a doctor of Sendai Domain in Mutsu Province.

• 慶応3年6月10日の幕府召抱えでは、平同士として名がある。
• When the Tokugawa shogunate employed samurai on July 11, 1867, he was also employed as a hidadoshi (regimental soldier).

• 1844年にオランダ国王から幕府に開国を勧めた親書を翻訳。
• He translated the personal letter to propose the opening of a country to the world to the Edo Shogunate from King of the Netherlands in 1844

• 孝明天皇の支持も得て、幕府による条約勅許の画策を阻止した。
• He gained support from Emperor Komei, and blocked the government's plan on the Imperial sanction for the treaty.

• 後醍醐天皇の側近として仕えて、鎌倉幕府倒幕計画に参加する。
• He served the Emperor Godaigo as a close aide and took part in a plot to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 二代の弟で、兄の急逝のため、江戸幕府の命で急遽跡を継いだ。
• He was a younger brother of the second generation family head, and because of his older brother's sudden death, he succeeded immediately by the order of Edo bakufu.

• 江戸幕府の御用達商人を引継ぎ、長崎代官補佐役などを務める。
• He took over as a merchant holding the Edo bakufu's warrant, and he also served as an assistant to the local governor of Nagasaki.

• 『洲崎パラダイス 赤信号』『幕末太陽傳』などの傑作を残す。
• During this period he filmed his master pieces, such as 'Suzaki Paradise Red Light' and 'The Sun Legend of the End of the Tokugawa Era.'

• 室町幕府将軍の足利義教・足利義勝・足利義政の3代に仕える。
• He served Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for three generations; Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

• 幕府権力が衰退したことで、元忠の演能機会は大幅に減少する。
• As the Bakufu's power declined, opportunities for Mototada to perform significantly decreased.

• 鎌倉幕府の要職を務める北条氏金沢流の後継者として、に出仕。
• As a successor of the Hojo clan Kanesawa line that assumed important posts in Kamakura bakufu, he served in 1296.

• 1264年（文永元年）10月、幕府の六波羅探題南方に赴任。
• He was assigned to Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata of the bakufu in October 1264.

• 室町時代には足利将軍家に仕え、室町幕府の側近として仕えた。
• In the Muromachi period, the Kutsuki clan served for the Ashikaga Shogunate family as a close retainer of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 承久3年（1221年）5月に後鳥羽上皇は討幕の挙兵をした。
• In May 1221, the Retired Emperor Gotoba raised an army of anti-Shogunate.

• 以後、清信は父とともに室町幕府に出仕し足利将軍家に仕える。
• Afterward, Kiyonobu worked with his father at Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) serving the Ashikaga Shogun Family.

• 幕末期には京都を守る剣客集団新選組の本拠地ともなっている。
• At the end of the Edo period the temple also became a base of the Shinsengumi, a group of swordsmen charged with the protection of Kyoto.

• 室町幕府の足利義満は、五山の制に倣って尼寺五山を設置した。
• Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) installed Ama-dera/Niji gozan and modeled it after the Gozan system (the selection system of temples of the five highest ranks).

• 大名火消　江戸幕府が諸大名に命じて作らせた江戸の消防部隊。
• Daimyo Hikeshi - Edo firefighter brigades that the Edo Shogunate ordered each Daimyo to create.

• 綸旨・院宣を受けた幕府は御家人2人を使節に任じた（両使）。
• Upon receiving the rinji (the Emperor's command) or inzen (Cloistered Emperor's declaration), the bakufu appointed two gokenin as envoys (ryoshi).

• 納銭方が御倉に租税が入った際には「請取」を幕府に送付した。
• When the Nosenkata collected the tax and stored it in its warehouse, it sent the government a 'Uketori' (receipt).

• 鎌倉幕府では寺社を担当する奉行人が「寺社奉行」と呼ばれた。
• In Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), officials who were in charge of temples and shrines were called 'Jisha-bugyo.'

• 幕府では、定員の定めは特にないが20-30名とされている。
• The number of Sojaban was 20 to 30 customarily, though no specification existed in the bakufu.

• 中根市之丞（直参旗本、幕末の幕府使節・幕府使節団暗殺事件）
• Ichinojo NAKANE (shogun's direct retainer, member of a bakufu delegation towards the end of the bakufu system and the assassination incident of the bakufu delegation)

• 槍奉行（やりぶぎょう）は、江戸幕府に置かれた役職のひとつ。
• Yari-bugyo was a post in the Edo shogunate.

• 今週、３日連続でカーアクションものの外国映画を字幕で見た。
• This week I've watched foreign car-action movies for three days in a row by subtitles.

• かれらが字幕をつける番組は、翻訳者たちが好きな番組だった。
• the shows that groups subtitled were usually those that their translators enjoyed.

• 藩主の小出氏は外様大名ながら、藩主2人を幕閣に輩出している。
• Although the Koide clan was a tozama daimyo lord, its two lords gained a bakkaku position (minister-level position in the bukufu government).

• 幕末に万博出品されるも行方不明となり、昭和5年に返還された。
• It was sent to the world exposition in the end of the Edo period to be lost, but was returned in 1930.

• 日講はこの政策に「守正護国章」を呈上して幕府を非難している。
• Nikko condemned this policy of bakufu by submitting 'Shusho Gokoku Sho.'

• だが、4年後に幕府によって以心崇伝が改めて僧録に任命された。
• However, Ishin Suden was appointed soroku by the shogunate four years later.

• それは幕藩体制において寺社奉行の許可が必要だったためである。
• This is because permission from the government's commissioner of temples and shrines was required in order to hold the sumo matches.

• 倒幕計画に失敗して捕らえられた後醍醐天皇は隠岐島へ流される。
• Emperor Godaigo, who failed to overthrow the shogunate, was caught and banished to Okino-shima Island.

• その推挙により徳川幕府4代将軍徳川家綱の茶道指南役となった。
• On Masayuki's recommendation, Sekishu became the tea ceremony instructor to the fourth Shogun, Ietsuna TOKUGAWA.

• 現代の演劇では、幕の開閉や役者の動作の補助などを介錯と呼ぶ。
• In the modern theatrical performance, Kaishaku refers to such tasks of opening and closing the curtain and supporting performer's action.

• これ以外にも、「幕の内側で役者が食べるから」という説もある。
• There are other explanations for the origin of the name: one is that makunouchi means 'behind curtains,' describing where actors ate their bento.

• 殊に鎌倉幕府の源氏将軍として栄えた清和源氏はその好例である。
• In particular, Seiwa Genji, which flourished as the Genji shogun of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), is a good example.

• 操作の内容は、舞台に敷かれた幕の撤去、背景の転換などである。
• They remove a rug on the stage or change settings.

• 三輪髷（みつわまげ）：幕末以降、豪商の囲う妾に結われた髪型。
• Mitsuwamage: A hairstyle of the mistresses kept by wealthy merchants at the end of the Edo Period and after.

• 序幕の村山座の場では歌舞伎では珍しく劇中劇の形をとっている。
• In the opening scene of Murayama-za, it takes the form of a play within a play.

• 忠臣の筆頭である伊達宗重は兵部・甲斐らの悪行を幕府に訴える。
• Muneshige DATE, the head of loyal retainers, complained about the wrongdoings of Kai and Hyobu (common name of Munekatsu DATE) to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• それが、その裁定を下した鎌倉幕府への反感へとつながってゆく。
• This dissatisfaction lead him to feel hostile toward the Kamakura Shogunate that arbitrated this arrangement.

• 幕府の了承を得てその構想が現実のものとなった矢先、崩御した。
• The Emperor died just after receiving the approval from the government and the plan was about to proceed.

• 中でも、幕末の「文久の修陵」は、大がかりな土木工事を伴った。
• A repair project known as the Bunkyu Mausoleum Repair undertaken toward the end of the Edo period involved particularly large civil engineering work.

• 幕末の姉小路公知とその叔父で澤家を継いだ澤宣嘉は著名である。
• Kintomo ANEGAKOJI and his uncle Nobuyoshi SAWA, who became head of the Sawa family were prominent figures at the end of the Edo period.

• 中世には、中原親能のように鎌倉幕府と関係を持つようになった。
• During the Medieval Period, members of the clan such as NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi came to have contacts with the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 元弘3年/正慶2年（1333年）に、尊氏が倒幕の兵を挙げる。
• In 1333, Takauji raised the army to overthrow the shogunate.

• 高経死後に義将が幕政に復帰すると、管領の細川頼之と対立した。
• Upon Yoshimasa's return to the administration of Bakufu after the death of Takatsune, he conflicted with Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who was Kanrei.

• 平野七名家は江戸時代は幕府の代官となり5万石を支配地とする。
• Durint the Edo Period, Hirano Shichimyo family became daikan (local governor) of the Bakufu, and controlled the fief yielding 50 thousand koku of rice.

• 庄内藩の郷士・清河八郎の建策を幕府が受け入れてのものだった。
• This was because the shogunate accepted a proposal by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, a Goshi of the Shonai Clan.

• 旧幕府軍と共に鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参戦するも、新政府軍に敗北。
• Although Shinsen-gumi fought in the Battle of Toba Fushimi together with the army of the former shogunate, they lost to the army of the new government.

• ここに幕府・北朝側は深刻な政治的危機に直面することになった。
• This led to a serious political crisis for the bakufu/Northern Court side.

• 11月29日、幕府軍が一斉に鬨の声をあげて総攻撃を開始した。
• On January 3, 1400, the shogunal army all simultaneously let out a battle cry and began a general frontal assault.

• 本格的な武家政権は、源頼朝が鎌倉幕府を開いた事により始まる。
• The full-scale military government started when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the Kamakura bakufu.

• 歴史学上日本には、幕府は鎌倉幕府と室町幕府と江戸幕府がある。
• In the history of Japan, there have been Kamakura bakufu, Muromachi bakufu, and Edo bakufu.

• そのため、幕府で要職を占めるのは将軍家の譜代家臣達であった。
• Therefore, the important posts in the bakufu were occupied by shogun family's hereditary vassals.

• 幕末の万延元年（1860年）、山岡鉄舟が『武士道』を著した。
• Tesshu YAMAOKA published 'Bushido' in 1860 during the latter days of Edo bakufu.
• In 1860 at the end of the Edo period, Tesshu YAMAOKA wrote 'Bushido'.

• こうした土一揆の頻発は、幕府権力の弱体化をもたらしていった。
• The frequent occurrence of tsuchi-ikki undermined the power of the bakufu.

• 大政奉還、王政復古 (日本)により江戸幕府が消滅すると解散。
• The organization was dissolved when the Edo bakufu ceased to exist by Taisei Hokan (the Return of Political Power to the Emperor) and Osei Fukko (the Restoration of Imperial Rule).

• 守る幕府軍は細川、畠山氏、京極氏の3000騎で激戦となった。
• The bakufu army on the defense consisted of 3000 cavalrymen of Hosokawa, Hatakeyama and Kyogoku clans, and the battle became fierce.

• 鎌倉幕府が滅亡した後、天皇親政である建武の新政が開始された。
• After the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, the Kenmu Restoration, which was a direct rule by the emperor, started.

• 鎌倉時代後期、鎌倉幕府では北条氏得宗家が権勢を振るっていた。
• In the late Kamakura period, the Tokuso family of the Hojo clan exercised authority over the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕府は持明院統の光厳天皇を即位させ、元号を正慶と改めさせた。
• The bakufu enthroned the Emperor Kogen from the Jimyoin line and changed the imperial era name to Shokei.

• まず幕府軍は正成の配下の平野将監らが守る上赤坂城へ向かった。
• First, the bakufu army headed for Kami-Akasaka-jo Castle, which was being defended by the Masashige vassal Shogen HIRANO.

• また、幕府の規制によって自由な開業や廃業を認めていなかった。
• The bakufu's regulations did not permit doso to begin or discontinue business at will.

• 幕府では鎮圧の兵を上らせ、上野国の御家人新田義貞も加わった。
• The Kamakura bakufu sent the army to suppress them, and Yoshisada NITTA, who was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) in Kozuke Province, joined the bakufu's army.

• 仁治2年(1241年)に鎌倉幕府が課した例が初出といわれる。
• It was adopted for the first time in 1241 by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 室町幕府の武家役は主に守護大名と京都の市民に対して課された。
• The bukeyaku by the Muromachi bakufu was mainly imposed on Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and the citizens of Kyoto.

• 武家政権を幕府と称したのは江戸時代になってからのことである。
• It was not until the Edo period that a samurai government came to be called bakufu.

• 以上のように、鎌倉幕府は元々、源頼朝の私的政権に発している。
• As described above, the Kamakura bakufu was originally derived from the private government of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

• さらに第一次長州征伐（幕長戦争)でも薩摩が長州を屈服させた。
• In addition, in the First Choshu Expedition (also called the Baku-cho War [the war between Choshu and 'bakufu,' or shogunate]), the Satsuma Domain participated and forced the Choshu Domain to surrender.

• 回生期 - 源頼朝時代の鎌倉幕府成立～源頼朝時代の源頼朝死去
• Resuscitation period: Establishment of Kamakura bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo ~ Death of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo

• 幕末の開国を経て、明治初年に日本とスペインは国交を回復する。
• After the opening of the country to the world at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan resumed diplomatic relations with Spain in the first year of the Meiji period.

• 頼兼は伊豆国を地盤として鎌倉幕府とも繋がりを持ったとされる。
• Gaining a foothold in Izu Province (part of today's Shizuoka Prefecture), Yorikane is said to have linked with the Kamakura 'bakufu' (a Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 分家も少なくないが、江戸幕府の幕臣川勝氏がよく知られている。
• Among their many branches, the Kawakatsu clan vassals who served the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) are well known.

• 江戸幕府（えどばくふ）は、徳川家康が創設した武家政権である。
• Edo bakufu was a samurai government established by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

• この時点では倒幕派公家は朝廷内の主導権を掌握していなかった。
• At that point, the court nobles of tobakuha had not held initiative in the Imperial Court.

• 旧幕府軍は陸軍と海軍に分かれ、以下のような組織となっていた。
• The Old Bakufu was separated into Army and Navy taking the organization as follows.

• - 幕府からの禁制や通達事項などをしるした高札を掲げた場所。
• Places to put up a notice board on which bans and notifications from bakufu were written.

• 以後幕末に至るまで井伊家の軍装は赤備えをもって基本とされた。
• From that time to the end of Bakufu, the military dress of the Ii Family was basically Akazonae.

• 長州藩が第一次幕長戦争に敗北した後に亡命していた高杉は帰藩。
• TAKASUGI who had been in exile returned to Choshu Domain after the domain was defeated in the first Baku-cho War.

• 歴代藩主の中で最も有名なのが、幕末に藩主となった直弼である。
• The most famous among the successive lords of the domain was Naosuke who became the lord of domain at the end of Edo period.

• しかし鹿島付近において幕府軍に包囲され、交戦し敗散している。
• However, they were surrounded by the army of bakufu, fought against the army and lost.

• 現在は放生津政権、放生津幕府、越中幕府と呼ばれることもある。
• At present, it is sometimes called Hojozu government, Hojozu bakufu or Ecchu bakufu.

• 幕府は紀州藩、津藩、彦根藩、郡山藩などに天誅組討伐を命じた。
• The bakufu commanded Kishu Domain, Tsu Domain, Hikone Domain, Koriyama Domain and so on to suppress Tenchu-gumi.

• (また、その他の佐幕派の大名・旗本領でも掲示されていない。）
• (Also, they were not published in the domains of feudal lords who supported the Shogun or direct retainers.)

• 株持ち酒屋は無株者酒屋をさかんに幕府に密告し、処罰を求めた。
• Kabumochi breweries betrayed mukabumono breweries actively to the bakufu for punishment.

• もはや幕政の混乱、幕府権威の低下は誰の目にも明らかであった。
• Now confusion of bakufu politics and decline of its authority became obvious to anybody.

• およそ、九条兼実は頼朝と親しく、鎌倉幕府の理解者でもあった。
• Kanezane KUJO was close to Yoritomo and understanding for Kamakura bakufu.

• 頼朝死後に続く幕府内部における権力闘争の最初の事件であった。
• This was the first incident caused by a power struggle started inside the shogunate following the death of Yoritomo.

• そこで西郷は、幕府側を挑発するという非常手段（作略）に出る。
• Then, Saigo took extreme measures (tactics) to provoke the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) side.

• しかし、それに不満を持つ幕臣たちは独自行動をとることとなる。
• However, there were vassals under the control of the Tokugawa shogunate who were dissatisfied with this decision, they in turn, would seize the initiative to act on their own.

• 鎌倉幕府の「御成敗式目」と並び戦国大名の分国法にも影響する。
• Along with the Goseibai-shikimoku of the Kamakura bakufu, it also had influence on the provincial codes established by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period.

• 鎌倉幕府2代征夷大将軍源頼家も蹴鞠を愛好して雅経を厚遇した。
• The second shogun of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) MINAMOTO no Yoriie was a kemari enthusiast and gave preferential treatment to Masatsune.

• 政所や問注所など幕府の機関が出す同形式の文書を奉書と言った。
• Documents with the same form as migyosho and issued by offices of the bakufu such as the Mandokoro (Administrative Board) and the Monchujo (Board of Inquiry) were called hosho.

• 6月3日（5月9日 (旧暦)）、太上天皇追号（幕府が辞退）。
• June 3 - the honorary title 'Daijo-Tenno' (Cloistered Emperor) was granted (although the Shogunate declined it)

• しかし薩長同盟を結んだ薩摩藩の出兵拒否もあり、幕府軍は敗退。
• However, because of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance (Saccho Alliance), Satsuma-han Clan refused to send its army and consequently the Shogunate army had to retreat.

• 他に少数意見として、細川幽斎や織田信忠が黒幕という説もある。
• One of other minor opinions is a theory that Yusai HOSOKAWA and Nobutada ODA were brains.

• 杉本哲太 『幕末純情伝』（監督：薬師寺光幸）1991年、松竹
• Acted by Tetta SUGIMOTO 'Bakumatsu Junjyo-den' (Director: Mitsuyuki YAKUSHIJI)Year 1991, by Shochiku.

• その後、千葉重太郎の紹介で、幕府政事総裁職の松平春嶽に面会。
• Later, Ryoma met Director of Political Affairs of the Shogunate, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, through Jutaro CHIBA.

• しかし、保護者と頼んだ将軍足利義輝と幕府権力の脆弱性に失望。
• However, he was disappointed to learn of the vulnerability of the Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA--upon whom he relied as his protector--and his government authority.

• 1445年（文安2年）3月29日 - 室町幕府の管領に就任。
• March 29, 1445: Became a kanrei (a shogunal deputy) of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 上杉満定の男系子孫である加賀爪氏は江戸幕府譜代大名となった。
• Descendants of the male side of Mitsusada UESUGI became fudai daimyo during the Edo Shogunate.

• この頃、幕府の京都守護・一条能保は義経の捜索に没頭していた。
• During this period, Yoshiyasu ICHIJO, Kyoto-shugo (military governor of Kyoto) dispatched from the shogunate, was deeply involved in the search for Yoshitsune.

• 北条氏の家人は後に御内人と呼ばれ幕府で権勢を振るう事となる。
• Kenin (retainers) of the Hojo clan were called Miuchibito (private vassals of the tokuso) and held the reins of power in the government.

• 悪化する幕府の財政赤字を食い止めるべく、重商主義政策を採る。
• The shogunate government adopted a policy of mercantilism to bring down the accumulated budget deficit.

• 1279年 鎌倉幕府執権北条時宗の招きに応じて亡命的に来日。
• In 1279, he went to Japan almost as an asylum, in response to the invitation of Tokimune HOJO, the regent of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 晩年は井伊直孝と共に江戸幕府の宿老として幕政に重きを成した。
• In his later years, he had influence on the shogunate administration as shukuro of the Edo shogunate along with Naotaka II.

• 姉婿に鎌倉幕府政所を務める二階堂行忠の家人・三井資長がいる。
• His older sister was a wife of Sukenaga MITSUI, a retainer of Yukitada NIKAIDO who headed Mandokoro (the Administrative Board) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 「ただ、幕府が倒れて薩長を中心とした幕府が生まれただけだ。」
• It is really just an appearance of another bakufu led by Saccho instead of (Edo) bakufu.'

• 元弘3年（1333年）、父の鎌倉幕府打倒のための挙兵に参加。
• He participated in the mobilization of army for the defeat of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) schemed by his father in 1333.

• 非人は猿飼・乞胸と並び、幕末まで弾左衛門の支配下に置かれた。
• The hinin continued to be placed under the Danzaemon's control until the end of Edo period along with the sarukai (monkey trainers) and the gomune (street entertainers).

• 桑山家は鎌倉幕府の有力御家人・結城朝光の子孫であるとされる。
• It is believed that the Kuwayama family was a descendant of Tomomitsu YUKI, senior vassal of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 更に鎌倉幕府政所別当大江広元の娘を妻とするなど重んじられた。
• Moreover, he was valued and married to a daughter of OE no Hiromoto, Mandokoro betto (Director of the Administrative Board) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1682年（天和 (日本)2年）江戸幕府神道方に任じられる。
• In 1682 he was appointed as head of the Shinto Section in the Tokugawa Shogunate.

• 1867年6月10日の幕府召抱えでは平同士として名を連ねる。
• When the Shinsengumi was formally employed as a group of mercenaries by the shogunate on June 10, 1867, Higuma's name was included in a record as a Hira-doshi (common soldier).

• 室町幕府第2代征夷大将軍足利義詮から一字を賜り詮秀と名乗る。
• Was bestowed a character '詮' from the name of '義詮/Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA' who was the second generation Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Muromachi shogunate, and called himself '詮秀/Akihide.'

• 享保5年（1720年）江戸幕府の命で、諸国の薬草を採取する。
• In 1720, he collected herbs of various areas under the orders of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 種痘所が公営（幕府営）となったのちも、そのまま頭取を勤めた。
• He continued to serve as the chief after the vaccination institute became publicly owned by the shogunate.

• その後、幕府軍の討伐を受けて天誅組は壊滅し、藤本も戦死した。
• Subsequently, Tenchu-gumi was shattered by the subjugation of the army of bakufu, and Tesseki was also killed.

• この際、家臣が正則の遺体を幕府の使者が到着する前に火葬した。
• His body was cremated before the arrival of the emissary from the bakufu at then.

• そのため1313年、吉川経高は鎌倉幕府に所領の返還を求めた。
• In 1313, Tsunetaka KIKKAWA petitioned Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to return those misappropriated shoryos.

• 海野幸氏はその後も頼朝に仕えて鎌倉幕府の御家人となっている。
• Yukiuji UNNO served Yoritomo as gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) after the incident.

• そして分割された所領を幕府の権威等を巧みに使い、宗家に統合。
• Moreover, he cleverly combined territories, which had been devided, into a head family using the authority of the Bakufu.

• 慶応3年（1867年）の幕臣取立では見廻組御雇の格を受ける。
• Upon his promotion as the Shogun's retainer in 1867, he was conferred the title of Mimawarigumi Oyatoi.

• 後鳥羽上皇の近臣の一人として仕え、鎌倉幕府打倒の謀議に参加。
• He worked for Retired Emperor Gotoba as one of his trusted vassals, and took part in a conspiracy to beat the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• このため、時盛の所領は幕府によってことごとく収公されている。
• For this reason, all of Tokimori's shoryo (territory) was confiscated by the bakufu.

• この働きにより、新選組は朝廷と幕府から感状と褒賞金を賜った。
• For this, Shinsengumi received a commendation and an award from both the Imperial Court and the bakufu.

• 鳥羽・伏見の戦いにおいて敗れた新選組は幕府軍艦で江戸に戻る。
• The Shinsengumi returned to Edo by a bakufu battleship after losing the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.

• それにより、室町幕府成立後、尊氏から摂津国守護に任じられた。
• As a result, when the Muromachi bakufu was established, he was appointed by Takauji to Shugo (guard) of Settsu Province.

• 幕末頃には代々医者の家系で、父は近在でも高名な名医であった。
• His family line at the end of bakufu produced generations of physicians, and his father was a well known physician even in the neighboring towns.

• 6月に京方の大将軍として美濃国と宇治川で幕府軍と戦うが敗北。
• In July, Taneyoshi in the capacity of Daishogun (Commander in Chief) of the Kyoto army fought the Shogunate army in Mino Province and in the Battle of Uji-gawa River, but was defeated.

• 同年12月9日、幕府及び朝廷から「広幡」の家号を与えられる。
• On December 9 of the same year, he was awarded the Yago (family name) of 'Hirohata' by both the bakufu and imperial court.

• 神道精武流を学び、幕府講武所の剣術師範を勤めたと伝えられる。
• It is said that Sasaki studied at Shintoseibu school and worked as the grand master of swordsmanship at the shogunate military training school.

• 中村プロダクションで撮った『幕末』が最後の監督作品になった。
• 'End of Edo Period' shot by Nakamura Production became his last work as a director.

• 江戸幕府のもとでは6470石を領する旗本の一人として仕えた。
• He served as one of the hatamoto (direct retainers) with 6,470 koku (approximately 1.16 million liters of crop yield) under the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕府では寺社奉行を二期勤め、京都所司代を経て老中に就任した。
• Norihiro served as Jisha Bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) for two terms and Kyoto Shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy), before was assigned to be roju.

• 幕府や藩に対して仕官はせず、京都に春秋館という私塾を設ける。
• Serving no roles at a bakufu (shogunate) or domain level, they created the private school 'Shunju-kan' (lit. 'Spring and Autumn') in Kyoto.

• 寛永6年（1629年）に幕臣となり、3000石を与えられた。
• In 1629, he became a Shogun's retainer to be provided 3,000 koku.

• 室町幕府奉行人の飯尾元行、松田頼亮から奉書を受け取っている。
• He received hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) from bugyoshu (group of magistrates) of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Motoyuki INO and Yorisuke MATSUDA.

• 2003年9月のダイヤ改正で現在の赤地に白文字の幕となった。
• When the timetable was revised in September, 2003, the rollsign became a red background with white letters.

• 西遊寺・久修園院（1868年鳥羽・伏見の戦いで幕府軍が陣営）
• Saiyu-ji Temple and Kushuon-in Temple (used as the base camp of the Tokugawa shogunate army during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi in 1868)

• 1862年に京都市中京区から移転し、倒幕運動の拠点となった。
• The residence was relocated from Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto City in 1862, and was used as a meeting place for those who were attempting to overthrow the shogunate.

• 1858年に設立された幕府直轄の「英語伝習所」を源流とする。
• Originated from 'Eigo Denshujo' (English language school) under the direct control of the Tokugawa Shogunate established in 1858.

• 17世紀半ばから江戸幕府が朝廷の祭儀を重んじるようになった。
• From the mid-17th century the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) began to place a high esteem on the ceremonies of the Imperial Court.

• 慶長八年江戸幕府は伊勢大神宮神領地に「山田奉行所」を置いた。
• In 1603 the Edo bakufu placed the Yamada Bugyo Office on the shrine lands of Ise-daijingu Shrine.

• また、幕府機関である政所・問注所の長も「執事」と呼称された。
• At the same time, the head of Mandokoro and Monchujo, the body of bakufu, came to be called 'shitsuji.'

• 幕府はこれら京都扶持衆を組織し、反鎌倉公方活動をおこなった。
• The bakufu formed the Kyoto Fuchishu and proceeded with anti-Kamakura Kubo activities.

• 幕府直属の文官集団として、武官集団である奉公衆と対応される。
• As a group of civil officers with direct control of the bakufu, they were correspondents to the Hokoshu (guard force with direct control of the bakufu), a group of military officers.

• 御家人の成立は、源頼朝による鎌倉幕府の樹立と密接に関連する。
• The establishment of the position of gokenin was closely connected to the creation of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.

• 勘定組頭（かんじょうくみがしら）とは、江戸幕府の役職の1つ。
• Kanjo-kumigashira is a bureaucratic post in the Edo shogunate.

• 彼はあらゆる事件の内幕に通じ、最終的な判断を下すのを好んだ。
• He knew the inner side of all affairs and was fond of delivering final judgments.

• 字幕のストリームを認識しましたが、動画ストリームがありません
• A subtitle stream was detected, but no video stream.

• 幕末維新の頃には、岡崎には人家も疎らで、空き地が広がっていた。
• At the time of the Meiji Restoration at the end of the Edo period, Okazaki consisted of only a few houses and vacant land.

• 幕末の女流歌人で陶芸家の太田垣蓮月は晩年この寺に隠棲していた。
• At the end of the Edo period, Rengetsu OTAGAKI, a poetess as well as a ceramic artist, hermitized in this temple.

• 大相撲は幕下以上にならなければ博多帯を締めることを許されない。
• In professional sumo, only wrestlers with the rank of makushita or above are allowed to tie Hakata obi sash.

• 幕内取組の前に呼出がビール瓶でたたくなどして応急処置を施した。
• The dohyo was tentatively repaired by Yobidashi hitting it with beer bottles before the Makunouchi (the top division in sumo) bouts.

• これは、江戸幕府の盲人に対する福祉制度としてとらえられていた。
• This was regarded as the welfare system by Edo bakufu for the blind.

• 傘の内側に天幕を張り、親骨に紐をかけ先端に布製の人形を吊るす。
• With a cloth attached inside the umbrella, cloth dolls are hung at the tip of the strings tied to the ribs of the umbrella.

• 討幕派と旧幕府勢力による戊辰戦争を経て明治新政府を成立させた。
• After the Boshin War between the anti-Shogunate faction and the former Shogunate force, the New Meiji government came into existence.

• ただし二幕目でいきなり坊主では困ると粂三郎の母が文句を入れた。
• Actually, Kumesaburo's mother opposed having him appear in a butch haircut from the very beginning of Act Two.

• 現在の歌舞伎として上演される際の構成は、三幕六場の形式である。
• When this play is performed as a present kabuki play, it is performed in the form of three acts and six scenes.

• また、この時代に北条氏が鎌倉幕府を掌握し、執権政治を確立する。
• During this period the Hojo clan took control of the Kamakura bakufu and established regency politics.

• この頃、江戸幕府と討幕派は、それぞれ朝廷への工作を強めていた。
• During this time both the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the opposition force that tried to overthrow the Shogunate strongly approached the Imperial Palace for political maneuvering.

• 江戸幕府が倒れ、明治の新政府は王政復古で太政官制を復活させた。
• When the Edo Bakufu fell (in 1868), the new Meiji government brought back the Daijokan system (the Department of State in Japan during the Nara and Heian periods) for the Restoration of Imperial Rule.

• 幕末期には早くから御所の警備を行なうなどして官軍側に帰順した。
• At the end of the Edo period, the lords were involved with the security of the old imperial palace at an early stage and supported the government army.

• 室町幕府からの信頼も厚く、また文化人とも積極的に交流している。
• He was trusted by the Muromachi bakufu and actively associated with men of culture.

• しかし宗全は、幕府の主導権をめぐって管領・細川勝元と対立する。
• However, Sozen confronted Shogunal Deputy Katsumoto HOSOKAWA over the leadership of the bakufu.

• そして鎌倉幕府御家人として、六波羅探題評定衆に任命されている。
• Then, the family was appointed to a hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) of Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) as a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末の孝明天皇についで火葬にせず、天武天皇以前の古制に戻した。
• The Emperor Komei living in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate was not cremated when he died, nor was the next Emperor Meiji, so their funerals were carried out in the ancient style as those preceding the Emperor Tenmu.

• 又、江戸幕府は京都所司代・京都町奉行を設置して直轄下に置いた。
• The Edo bakufu also placed Kyoto under its direct control by creating the posts of Kyoto shoshidai (Kyoto deputy), and Kyoto machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Kyoto).

• 室町時代には鎌倉府は京都の幕府と対立し、永享の乱などが起こる。
• During the Muromachi period, the Kamakura Government and Bakufu in Kyoto competed with each other resulting in conflicts such as the Eikyo War.

• 幕府から自治権を委ねられて、領主・代官の町方支配の一翼を担う。
• With the autonomy delegated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the family contributed to ruling by a feudal lord and local governors over people in the town.

• 榎本武揚ら一部の旧幕府軍は、8月旧幕府艦隊を率いて江戸を脱出。
• A part of the former Shogunate forces, including Takeaki ENOMOTO, led the fomer Shogunate warships and fled from Edo in October.

• 第2次の武力倒幕計画も元徳3年（1331年）に事前に発覚した。
• The second armed bakufu overthrow plan was also discovered beforehand in 1331.

• この動きが、ひいては鎌倉幕府・武家政権の成立へつながっていく。
• Some time later this movement resulted in the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate and military rule.

• 地方政治は藩によって行われ、幕府と合わせて幕藩体制と呼ばれる。
• Local politics were conducted in each domain, which are, together with the bakufu, called the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate.

• 以上のように、江戸時代前期に確立した支配体制を幕藩体制という。
• The control system established in the first half of the Edo period, as described above, is called the bakufu-domain system.

• 当時の人々は鎌倉や室町の中央政庁を「幕府」と呼んだことはない。
• People in those days never called the central government office of Kamakura or Muromachi 'bakufu.'

• 室町幕府は本来、土倉から土倉役、酒屋から酒屋役を徴収していた。
• The Muromachi bakufu originally collected a tax called doso-yaku from doso and a tax called sakaya-yaku from breweries.

• しかし、山名時氏のとき鎌倉幕府に対する足利尊氏の挙兵に従った。
• However, during Tokiuji YAMANA's era, the clan sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA, who raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu.

• 幕府は船上山を討つため足利尊氏、名越高家らの援兵を送り込んだ。
• The bakufu dispatched reinforcements led by Takauji ASHIKAGA and Takaie NAGOE to defeat the combatants at Mount Senjo.

• 越訴方（おっそかた）とは、鎌倉幕府・室町幕府における訴訟機関。
• The ossokata refers a lawsuit body of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Muromachi bakufu.

• 帰国後、実際に住吉社が造営される際には鎌倉幕府は滅亡していた。
• The Kamakura bakufu had fallen when the ship returned home to reconstruct Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine.

• 幕府の組織である公文所・政所・問注所・侍所に属する職員を指す。
• It indicates the staff that worked at bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) organizations such as Kumonjo (administration office), Mandokoro (administrative board), Monchujo (court of justice), and Samuraidokoro (board of retainers).

• 親幕府派の二条良基の要望もあって一旦は12月に交渉は成立した。
• Partly because Yoshimoto NIJO (a sympathizer of Muromachi bakufu) wanted it, the two sides reached an agreement in December (in the lunar calendar).

• 主な鋳造所は幕府の江戸と近江国坂本 (大津市)の銭座であった。
• A main minting factory was zeniza located in Edo where the bakufu existed, and in Sakamoto (Otsu City), Omi Province.

• 各地で幕府軍の敗報が相次ぐなか、7月20日家茂が大坂城で病死。
• The bakufu lost many battles across the country, and Iemochi died of disease at Osaka-jo Castle on July 20.

• 慶喜は先手を打って大政を奉還することで、討幕の名分を失わせた。
• Yoshinobu outwitted them and voluntarily carried out Taisei Hokan, and thus removed a good cause for attacking the shogunate.

• 鎖国政策は江戸幕府にとってまさに生命線そのものだったのである。
• Seclusionism was the very lifeline of the Edo Bakufu.

• ただし、幕末になると大名領を「藩」と俗称することが多くなった。
• However, damiyo domains were commonly called 'han' toward the end of the Edo period.

• しかし幕府の対応は混乱し、赤松討伐軍は容易に編成されなかった。
• Responses by bakufu, however, confused and the punitive force to attack the Akamatsu clan was not easily organized.

• この事件の結果、尾張藩は官軍の一員として各地で幕府軍と戦った。
• As a result of this incident, the Owari Domain fought with the army of the bakufu in various places as members of Imperial army.

• 1660年の伊達綱宗の押込は幕府の承認と監督のもとで行われた。
• The confinement of Tsunamune DATE in 1660 was carried out under the approval and supervision of the shogunate government.

• 鳥羽・伏見の戦いでは伝習隊の一部が幕府陸軍の一部隊として参戦。
• A part of Denshutai joined the Battle of Toba-Fushimi as a military unit of the bakufu army.

• 三好政権は室町幕府の旧体制をそのまま受け継いだ武家政権だった。
• Miyoshi's government was a military government which succeeded the old government structure of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 役金（やくきん）とは、江戸幕府が幕臣に支給した役職手当の1種。
• Yakukin is a kind of allowance or expense paid to the retainers of the shogun by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 教育内容は手習や四書五経で、幕末には蘭学と西洋砲術が加わった。
• Tenarai (Japanese calligraphy) and Shishogokyo (the Four Books and Five Classics of Confucianism, otherwise known as the Nine Chinese Classics) were taught, and Western studies and Western gunnery were added to the curriculum at the end of the Edo period.

• また2月7日夜、旧幕府兵の一部（歩兵第11・12連隊）が脱走。
• Additionally, on the night of February 7th, parts of the former bakufu army (infantry soldiers from the eleventh and twelfth regiments) deserted.

• 後任の管領には義将が任命され、幕政の人事も斯波派に改められる。
• Yoshimasa succeeded to the post of Kanrei and personnel matters were taken over by the SHIBA clique.

• 7月6日、幕府は慶喜を将軍後見職、春嶽を政事総裁職に任命した。
• On July 6, the Shogunate ordered Yoshinobu to be the Shogun's guardian (Shogun Kokenshoku) and Shungaku to be the Shogunal Prime Minister (Seiji Sosaishoku).

• その後、幕府の征長出兵命令を拒否すべしと説いて藩論をまとめた。
• After that, he reported the domain's argument that explained why the order of the Seicho troops of shogunate was refused.

• 6月15日、西郷は山縣有朋を訪問し、初めて倒幕の決意を告げた。
• He visited Aritomo YAMAGATA on June 15th, and told him of the resolution to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate first time.

• 1452年（享徳元年）11月26日 - 幕府の管領に再度就任。
• November 26, 1452: Again became a kanrei of the Muromachi bakufu.

• この間に薩摩藩の動向に呼応する形で倒幕派へと路線を変更させた。
• By aligning himself with the Satsuma clan, he successfully made the han change their goal, which was to overthrow the shogunate.

• 京では幕府御用絵師の宗湛（小栗宗湛）に師事したものと思われる。
• At Kyo, he appears to have had Sotan OGURI, the official painter in the Shogun's court, as his teacher.

• 大賀家はそののち博多商人の筆頭となり、大賀家は幕末まで続いた。
• The Oga family became head ('hitto' in Japanese) of all merchants of Hakata, and continued well into the Bakumatsu period (the last years of the Tokugawa shogunate).

• 鎌倉時代末期には摂津氏と呼ばれて幕府中枢の事務官僚を世襲する。
• In the end of the Kamakura period, his family was called the Settsu clan and began to inherit secretary official positions in the center of the government.

• 徳川 吉宗（とくがわ よしむね）は、江戸幕府第8代征夷大将軍。
• Yoshimune TOKUGAWA was the Eighth Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• このとき既に江戸幕府第4代征夷大将軍・徳川家綱の治世であった。
• At that time, it was already the reign of Shogun Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, the 4th seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• しかし、明治に幕臣であった朝比奈昌広は以下のように護している。
• However, during the Meiji era, Masahiro Asahina, a vassal of the shogun, defended Iesada as follows.

• 父の高経が越前で死去すると、義将も帰参を許され幕政に復帰する。
• When his father Takatsune died in Echizen, Yoshimasa was allowed to serve his old master again and then rejoined the shogunate government.

• 幕府執事（管領）の細川清氏と協力し、義長を政治から失脚させる。
• He ousted Yoshinaga from politics by cooperating with Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, the steward of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (Kanrei).

• 鎌倉軍は幕府軍に敗れ、持氏は出家して永安寺（鎌倉市）に入った。
• After Kamakura army was defeated by Bakufu army, Mochiuji entered into priesthood in Eian-ji Temple, (Kamakura City).

• 管領の畠山満家らの仲介もあって、義貫は再び幕政に復帰している。
• Through the good offices of Kanrei (shogunal deputy) Mitsuie HATAKEYAMA and others, Yoshitsura returned to the government.

• 鎌倉幕府の執権などを歴任した北条氏が平直方の子孫を称している。
• The Hojo clan which successively held the position of the regent of the Kamakura Shogunate said that Hoji clan was a descendant of TAIRA no Naokata.

• 旧幕府軍が仙台で榎本武揚艦隊と合流すると、共に蝦夷地へ渡った。
• When Old Shogunate military joined with the Takeaki ENOMOTO fleet in Sendai, he also joined them and headed for Ezo (inhabited area of Ainu).

• 会津戦争が勃発し、仙台へ撤退した旧幕府軍は榎本武揚艦隊と合流。
• When Aizu War broke out, Old Shogunate military which had withdrawn to Sendai joined the fleet with Takeaki ENOMOTO as its commander.

• 幕府要人や公家の人脈を頼り、反朝倉孝景の運動を画策するが失敗。
• Kagetaka tried to plot a movement against Takakage ASAKURA, using his connections with influential people in the Bakufu and Court, but did not succeed.

• 戦いを好まない諭吉が止めるも聞かず、旧幕府軍・榎本軍に加わる。
• He joined the Enomoto's army supporting the bakufu army, although a pacifist Yukichi had stopped him.

• 和田 朝盛（わだ とももり、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉幕府の御家人。
• Tomomori WADA was gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕内通算26場所 87勝40敗21分3預109休　勝率.685
• In total 26 tournaments, 87 wins, 40 loses, 21 draws, 3 azukari (undecided) and 109 absences; winning percentage.685.

• 初代市川左團次には『樟紀流花見幕張』（慶安太平記・丸橋忠弥）。
• He wrote 'Kusunoki-ryu Hanami no Makubari' (commonly called Keian Taiheiki, referring to the Keian Incident of the 17th century, or Chuya MARUBASHI, referring to a main culprit of the Keian Incident) for Sadanji ICHIKAWA I (the first).

• （旧幕府が任命していた名誉総領事フリューリ・エラールは解任）。
• The Honorary Consul General, Frolli Harold, who had been appointed by the previous bakufu administration, was dismissed.

• 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に京都で建武の新政を開始した後醍醐天皇に仕える。
• He served for Emperor Godaigo who conducted the Kenmu no shinsei (the regime of Kenmu) in Kyoto after the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was demolished.

• 1867年6月10日の幕府召抱えでは、平隊士として名を連ねる。
• He was listed as a rank-and-file member in the name list compiled on June 10, 1867 when Shinsengumi was employed by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 慶応3年6月10日の幕府召抱えでは平同士として名を連ねている。
• He was listed as a rank-and-file member in the name list that was compiled on July 11, 1867 when Shinsengumi was employed by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 浅野長矩は幕府よりこの両名の接待係を命じられていたわけである。
• Naganori ASANO was in charge of entertaining those two persons in accordance with an order from the bakufu.

• 源頼朝の鎌倉政権（後の鎌倉幕府）より初代関東申次に任ぜられた。
• He was appointed the first Kanto-moshitsugi (liaison officer to the court) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's Kamakura government (later the Kamakura bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• これが鎌倉幕府における関東申次の始まりであると考えられている。
• This is considered to be the start of the Kamukura bakufu's Kanto-moshitsugi.

• 慶応4年（1868年）、鳥羽伏見の戦いに旧幕府軍側として参戦。
• In 1868 he joined the Battle of Toba-Fushimi as a member of the former bakufu force.

• 長州藩大目付長井雅楽の幕府にのみ都合のよい航海遠略策を退ける。
• He rejected the expansionist policy of Uta NAGAI, Ometsuke (Chief Inspector) of the Choshu clan, in the belief that it only benefited the shogunate.

• 承久3年（1221年）、6月16日、幕府六波羅探題北方となる。
• On July 14, 1221, Yasutoki was appointed as the manager of the northern branch of the Rokuhara-tandai troops of the bakufu.

• 元仁元年（1224年）6月29日、幕府の六波羅探題北方に赴任。
• On June 29, 1224, he was assigned to Rokuhara Tandai Kitakata of the bakufu.

• このため所司代は空席という、開幕以来の異常な事態となっていた。
• Therefore, the Shoshidai position was left open, which was an abnormal situation that had never happened before in the history of the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府が派遣していた鎮西探題・北条英時（赤橋英時）に仕えた。
• He served Hidetoki HOJO (Hidetoki AKAHASHI) sent by Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to Chinzei tandai (office of the military governor of Kyushu).

• 室町幕府10代征夷大将軍・足利義稙の偏諱で恒泰から稙泰とした。
• He changed his name to Taneyasu from Tsuneyasu, when he was granted to use a portion (in this case 'tane' written in Chinese character 稙) of the real name of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, the 10th Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese government headed by a shogun).

• 同氏は代々朝廷と鎌倉幕府との連絡役である関東申次を務めていた。
• Members of this family were appointed to the position Kanto-moshitsugi with the duty of managing communications and relations between the Kamakura Shogunate and the Imperial Court.

• 同志社大学今出川校地の敷地一帯は幕末の薩摩藩邸がおかれていた。
• In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate there was a residence of the lord of the Satsuma domain on the present Imadegawa Campus of Doshisha University.

• 建武の新政の際に置かれ、室町幕府がこれを制度化したものである。
• It was set up during the Kenmu Restoration, and was institutionalized by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府では若年寄の支配下で、征夷大将軍の身辺の雑用を務めた。
• In Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), under the supervision of a wakadoshiyori (a managerial position within the Edo government), Kosho took care of the personal chores of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues barbarians').

• 室町幕府も同様の制度を整備し、後に5番制の奉公衆へと発展する。
• In the Muromachi bakufu, the same system was used, and later it developed into the Hokoshu (the shogunal military guard), which was made up of five teams.

• 加賀藩（幕府より松平姓を賜る）の加賀守、越前松平家の越前守など
• Kaga no kami (the governor of Kaga Province) for Kaga-Maeda family (the surname Matsudaira was given by the bakufu), Echizen no kami (the governor of Echizen Province) for Echizen-Matsudaira family.

• だが、当時の幕府の持つ検断権は朝廷の承認に基づくものであった。
• However, the right to judge criminal cases used by the bakufu at that time was based on the approval given by the Imperial Court.

• 織田政権、豊臣政権及び江戸幕府で京都の治安維持を担当した役職。
• Shoshidai was in charge of maintaining the security of Kyoto during the Oda government, the Toyotomi government, and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 留守居（るすい）は、江戸幕府および諸藩に置かれた職名のひとつ。
• Rusui was a governmental post placed in the Edo bakufu and in domains.

• 江戸時代初期や幕末には小十人が将軍とともに京都・大阪に赴いた。
• Kojunin accompanied a shogun on a trip to Kyoto and Osaka in the beginning and the end of Edo period

• 幕屋の釘、庭の釘およびそのひも、 (出エジプト記 35:18)
• the pins of the tabernacle, the pins of the court, and their cords; (Exodus 35:18)

• ほとんどのファンサブ屋は、アニメが好きだったから字幕をつけた。
• Most fansubbers subtitled because they loved anime.

• ストリームラインは『吹き替えVS字幕』論争の矢面に立たされた。
• Streamline was the center of attention in the 'dub-versus-sub' debate,

• ユダヤ人がエジプト脱出時に契約の箱を運んだ、持ち運びできる幕屋
• a portable sanctuary in which the Jews carried the Ark of the Covenant on their exodus

• ショーの無視された一幕の喜劇、A Village Wooing
• Shaw's neglected one-act comedy, `A Village Wooing'

• 天福 (日本)2年（1234年）鎌倉幕府が、念仏者取締令を出す。
• In 1234, the Kamakura shogunate declared a ban on Nenbutsu practitioners.

• 近世に、徳川吉宗の病気平癒を祈願し江戸幕府の徳川氏祈願所となる。
• In the pre-modern ages, it also became the kigan-sho of the Tokugawa clan (the temple for the Tokugawa clan to pray) as it successfully prayed for Yoshimune TOKUGAWA (the 8th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate) to recover from his illness.

• しかし、江戸時代になって徳川幕府によって以下のように規定された。
• However, with the arrival of the Edo period, but they were defined by the Tokugawa shogunate as follows:

• 幕府により虚無僧の入宗の資格や服装も決められるなど組織化された。
• Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) organized the sect, including the qualifications to join the sect to be a Komuso and the costumes to wear.

• 4月下旬 ふくい春祭り越前時代行列（福井市、南北朝～幕末・明治）
• Late April: Fukui Spring Festival Echizen Historical Costume Parade (Fukui City, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts-late Edo/Meiji periods)

• - 景気対策や生活困窮者を助ける為に幕府が行った公共事業である。
• Osukui fushin is a public works project executed by the bakufu as a measure for the relief of the destitute and the economy.

• 流派はしだいに低迷したが幕末9代狩野永岳の代に一時的に復興する。
• The Kyo Kano gradually lost its influence, but temporally revived in the time of Eigaku KANO, the ninth school head, at the end of the Edo period.

• 折りしも欧米列強の外圧や幕末の動乱等の時代に至り急速に普及した。
• It spread quickly to coincide with a time when Japan suffered from pressure of the allied western powers and internal disturbances in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.

• 時は平家の全盛期、ワキ（平宗盛）の威勢の良い名乗りで幕を開ける。
• It is the heyday of the Taira family; the play starts with a spirited nanori (announcement of one's name) of the waki (supporting role) (TAIRA no Munemori).

• 幕開きの際、通常と逆に上手から下手へ引かれるのもこのためである。
• This is the reason why the curtain is drawn from stage left to stage right at the beginning of the show, which is the opposite of the usual practice.

• (ここで片幕で舞台に登場していたアイの居語（いがたり）となる。）
• (Here the Igatari [sitting narration] by the Ai who has appeared from katamaku [lifted curtain] starts.)

• 幕末には髷の中に和紙製の型を入れるなどして形を保つようになった。
• At the end of the Edo period, it began to be kept in shape by putting the base of Japanese paper inside mage (a chignon).

• また禁中並公家諸法度により、その言動も幕府から厳しく制限された。
• Also because of Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the Emperor and Kuge), his speech and behavior were also strictly limited.

• 以後、薩摩藩・長州藩などと共に倒幕の中枢藩の一つとして活躍した。
• Thereafter, together with domains of Satsuma and Choshu, the domain played a central role in the overthrow of the bakufu.

• また、幕末の尾張家当主徳川慶勝も美濃高須家から養子に入っている。
• Also, in the end of the Edo period, Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA, the head of the Owari family, was adopted from the Mino-Takasu family.

• 他の細川庶流家とは異なり、室町幕府の相伴衆を努める家柄であった。
• Unlike the other Hosokawa branch families, the Awa Hosokawa family served as Shobanshu (officials who accompany the Shogun) of the Muromachi bakufu.

• 北条高時ら一族家臣は菩提寺の東勝寺で自害し、鎌倉幕府は崩壊した。
• With suicides by Takatoki HOJO along with members of the clan and subordinates in their family temple Tosho-ji Temple, the Kamakura Bakufu fell.

• 明治元年10月26日 (旧暦) 旧幕府軍、箱館・五稜郭へ入城する
• October 26 1868, army of the former shogunate entered Goryokaku, in Hakodate.

• 特筆すべきは、倒幕の主役となった薩摩・長州・土佐藩の場合である。
• The cases of the Satsuma, Choshu and Tosa clans, who played the leading role in tobaku, should be noted.

• それが最も爆発したのは吉田松陰という青年が出現した幕末期である。
• Such hard feelings exploded at the end of Edo period when a young man called Shoin YOSHIDA appeared.

• 討幕計画に反対していた土御門上皇は自ら望んで土佐国へ配流された。
• The retired Emperor Tsuchimikado, who had opposed the plan to attack the shogunate, was exiled to Tosa Province, which is where he himself had wished to be sent.

• 恩賞方は鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加したものに対する論功行賞を処理。
• The Rewards Office handled the conferral of honors and awards to those who had participated in the campaign to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu.

• 封建政治は、この後江戸幕府崩壊（1868年・慶応4年）まで続く。
• This feudal style of government was to continue for almost seven hundred years, until the destruction of the Edo bakufu in 1868.

• 江戸時代末期やがて幕府の財政的な傾きと共に尊皇論が広まっていく。
• At the end of the Edo period, with the financial downswing of the bakufu, sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) gradually spread.

• そういったことなどを背景として、幕藩体制は次第に動揺していった。
• With these situations as a background, the bakufu-domain system gradually became shaky.

• その影響で、鎌倉幕府の正史である『吾妻鏡』も日記体をとっている。
• Affected by such a situation, 'Azuma Kagami' (the Mirror of the east), an official history of the Kamakura bakufu, was written in a diary style as well.

• これは幕府によって宗氏の力量が試されたという側面も存在している。
• This included the aspect that the ability of the So clan was to be checked by the bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府においては問注を行う場所として問注所を設置したのである。
• It was the Kamakura bakufu which established the Monchujo as the place specifically reserved for holding the monchu.

• ただし、江戸幕府が認めた例は違い、当該領内のみ有効とされていた。
• However, the right given in such a way was effective only in the territory, and was not admitted by the Edo bakufu.

• 上記の室町幕府将軍による武家執奏を多く取次したのも実俊であった。
• And as mentioned above, it was Sanetoshi that relayed many bukeshisso by the Muromachi bakufu shogun.

• 江戸幕府は、大量に蓄積された金銀を原資に貨幣制度の改革を行った。
• The shogunate government in Edo reformed the currency system using a large amount of accumulated gold and silver.

• わずかに残った教徒は隠れキリシタンとして幕末まで信仰を持続した。
• A miniscule number of surviving Christians retained their faith until the end of Edo period as crypto-Christian.

• 天保年間の鋳造により江戸幕府が得た利益は180,800両である。
• The profit of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gained by coin minting during the Tenpo era was 180,800 ryo.

• 箱館裁判所は、江戸幕府の箱館奉行所の機能を引き継ぐものであった。
• The Hakodate Court assumed the functions of Hakodate Bugyosho set up by the Edo bakufu feudal government.

• つまり外交だけでなく貿易の権限を幕府が制限・管理した体制である。
• In other words, Japan's national isolation indicated a regime in which the Bakufu restricted and controlled not only authority of diplomacy, but also controlled trade.

• 幕府に対して布教を一切しないことを約束したためとも言われている。
• Another theory suggests that the permission resulted from the promise the company made to the Bakufu that it would never conduct missionary work.

• 陸軍の系譜においては、幕府ではフランスから軍事顧問を招いていた。
• As regards the developmental pedigree of the Japanese Army, under the bakufu military advisers were invited from France.

• 親衛隊側面はそちらに移行し、大番は幕府の直轄軍事力となってゆく。
• The role as a guardian was taken over by shoinban and koshogumi and oban gradually became a military force under the direct control of the Edo bakufu.

• 鎌倉幕府編纂の『吾妻鏡』では、この戦いについて下記のようにある。
• In the 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) which was edited by Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), this battle is described as follows.

• 政治的緊張が続く幕末には、武器や軍艦が日本の主要輸入品となった。
• In the final years of the Edo period, when political tensions were continually at their peak, arms and warships were the main goods Japan imported.

• 幕末期の万延元年（1860年）4月15日には城主格に任じられた。
• On June 4, 1860 in the end of the Edo period, he held the status of daimyo (feudal lord) who was allowed to live in a castle.

• 幕末期、最後の藩主である織田長易は天誅組追捕の功績を挙げている。
• Nagayasu ODA who became the last lord of the Shibamura Domain at the end of the Edo period, contributed for search and capture of Tenchu-gumi.

• 実際には、幕府の行っていた貨幣改鋳の妨げになるとの思惑であった。
• However, the actual reason was that han bills would interrupt the Currency Reform conducted by the shogunate.

• のち、幕府による札遣い禁止を経て、明治期まで札遣いが続けられた。
• After the shogunate's suspension of bills finished, han bills were again circulated until the Meiji period.

• 日本では一般に、この事件から明治維新までを「幕末」と呼んでいる。
• In Japan, the years between this incident and the Meiji Restoration are generally referred to as 'the last days of Tokugawa Shogunate.'

• 当時の鋳造記録が殆ど無く、江戸幕府による鋳造を否定する説もある。
• Because nearly no documents about mintage at that time have been found, some theories deny the minting of the coin by the Edo Shogunate.

• そのため、それらを防ぐため、幕府は様々な政策を講じることになる。
• Thus the bakufu, to prevent such crime, was taking various political measures.

• しかし、幕府再興を目指す将軍・足利義輝との対立はその後も続いた。
• However, the conflicts with the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, who aimed to restore the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Japanese feudal government, continued.

• 役料（やくりょう）とは、江戸幕府が幕臣に支給した役職手当の1種。
• Yakuryo (executive allowance) was one of the executive allowances that the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) gave to the retainers of the Shogun.

• 代わって実朝が将軍に立てられ、北条氏が幕府の実権を握る事になる。
• Instead, Sanetomo was placed in the post of shogun, and the Hojo clan assumed control of the shogunate.

• 朝雅の死を受けて経俊は職の回復を幕府に願ったが、許されなかった。
• After Tomomasa died, Tsunetoshi requested the bakufu to allow him to come back to the previous positions, but his request was not accepted.

• そのメンバーが幕府の主要ポストに顔を揃えるのは1302年である。
• It was in 1302 when these people assumed leading posts in the government.

• また、関東申次に就任して幕府と朝廷との間の調整にも力を尽くした。
• He also worked as Kanto Moshitsugi, or Shogunal Liaison at Court, exerting himself to mediate between bakufu and court.

• 享保8年 (1724) に、幕府は心中物の上演の一切を禁止した。
• In 1724 the feudal government, at the time, banned shinjumono performances (dramas dealing with the double suicide of lovers).

• 本能寺の変の黒幕は秀吉ではないか、とされる説が囁かれる事が多い。
• A view that Hideyoshi might have been a mastermind of the incident at Honno-ji Temple is often told.

• 幕府は大覚寺統の後醍醐天皇に代えて持明院統の光厳天皇を擁立した。
• The shogunate installed Emperor Kogon of the Jimyo-in line as emperor, instead of Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikaku-ji line.

• 北条 義時（ほうじょう よしとき）は鎌倉幕府の第2代執権である。
• Yoshitoki HOJO served as the second regent to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 京で幕府に出仕している間、早雲は建仁寺と大徳寺で禅を学んでいる。
• While Soun was working for the bakufu government in Kyoto, he studied Zen at Kennin-ji Temple and Daitoku-ji Temple.

• この事件を伊豆討入りといい、東国戦国期の幕開けと評価されている。
• This incident is called the Izu Raid, and considered the opening the Warring States Period of the East.

• 返答がなかったため、恨みを残して「天下の事、偏に前幕下の最なり。
• However, receiving no reply, he left with resentment using words like 'Zen-Bakka (Munemori) is absolutely the best person to conduct the affairs of a nation.

• このため、朝彦親王らの佐幕派は朝廷内で急速に求心力を失ってゆく。
• As a result, pro-Shogunate nobles, including Imperial Prince Asahiko, failed to rapidly close ranks in the Imperial Court.

• 安達 長景（あだち ながかげ）は鎌倉時代中期の鎌倉幕府の御家人。
• Nagakage ADACHI was a gokenin (an immediate vassal) of the Kamakura Shogunate in the middle of the Kamakura period.

• 徳川 家茂（とくがわ いえもち）は、江戸幕府第14代征夷大将軍。
• Iemochi TOKUGAWA was the 14th Seii Taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Edo Shogunate.

• さらには室町幕府にも参じて、第13代将軍・足利義輝にも拝謁した。
• In addition, he also visited Muromachi bakufu to have an audience with the 13th shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.

• 幕閣がその対策に追われる中、6月22日に病のため薨去、享年61。
• While the cabinet officials of the shogunate were busily working on it, he died of disease at 61 on June 22.

• 田沼意次の在任中に幕府財政の貨幣収入が増えたことは特筆に価する。
• It is important to note that the monetary income of the shogunate finances increased when Okitsugu TANUMA was on duty.

• 徳川 家定（とくがわ いえさだ）は、江戸幕府第13代征夷大将軍。
• Iesada TOKUGAWA was the thirteenth Seitaishogun (commander in chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; a great and unifying leader) of the Edo Bakufu.

• 徳川家光が将軍になると宿老として井伊直孝とともに幕政に参与した。
• He participated in the shogunate administration as shukuro together with Naotaka II when Iemitsu TOKUGAWA became shogun.

• 義村は幕府軍の大将の一人として東海道をのぼり、京方を破って上洛。
• Yoshimura make his way up the Tokai-do Road as one of the bakfu army's Daisho (Major Captain), and returned to the capital after defeating the kyogata (supporters of the Imperial court in Kyoto).

• 1378年、将軍・足利義満より侍所頭人に任じれて幕政に参与した。
• In 1378, he was appointed as Samurai-dokoro tonin (governor of the board of retainers) by Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and joined the shogunate government.

• 同3年(1867年)6月の幕臣取立では、見廻組御雇の格を受けた。
• In promotion to Shogun's retainer in July 1867, he was assigned the Mimawarigumi Oyatoi rank.

• 高重の孫織田信門は高家となり、以後幕末まで高家旗本として続いた。
• Takashige's grandson, Nobukado ODA became Koke, and thereafter, the family continued as Koke Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, who were in a privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate) to the end of Edo period.

• しかし、幕府が動員した守護連合軍に敗れ赤松氏はその勢力を失った。
• However, he was defeated by the allies of the provincial constable sent by Bakufu and the Akamatsu clan lost their power.

• 永正14年、幕命を受け、朝倉宗滴を軍奉行として若狭・丹後に出兵。
• In 1517, following Bakufu orders, Takakage dispached troops to Wakasa and Tango Provinces where Soteki ASAKURA was acting as a military commissioner.

• 範勝の官職は大名並の従五位下式部少輔であり、幕府の儀式を司った。
• Norikatsu's court rank was Jyugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), which was in charge of conducting ceremonies for Bakufu.

• 通算成績は幕内19場所87勝5敗17分3預65休、勝率.946。
• His record in the top rank was 19 tournaments, 87 wins, 5 defeats, 17 draws, 3 holds and 65 absences; winning average 94.6%

• 本草学を京都の稲生若水に学び、後に江戸幕府の採薬使に登用される。
• He learnt herbalism from Jakusui INOU in Kyoto, and later he was appointed to Saiyakushi (a person who gathers medicinal herbs in the fields and mountain) in Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 1843年、江戸牛込にて幕臣・高梨仙太夫の第2子として生まれる。
• In 1843, he was born the second child to Shogun's retainer Sendayu TAKANASHI in Ushigome, Edo.

• 四座一流に次ぐ地位を認められ、幕府の演能にも出演する資格を得る。
• Regarded in the post next to the Shiza Ichiryu (four old schools and one new school in the art of Noh), the branch family was qualified in performing Noh plays organized by the Tokugawa shogunate.
• Recognized as being second only to the Shiza Ichiryu (a general term for all schools of the art of Noh [Kanze, Konparu, Kongo, Hosho and Kita] in the Edo period), the branch also obtained a qualification to perform in Noh plays staged for the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸幕府成立以来、幕府は朝廷より改元権限を実質上取り上げていた。
• Since the establishment of the Edo shogunate, the shogunate was taking up the authority of changing the name of the era from the court in reality.

• 滝川具挙（たきがわ　ともあき、生没年不詳）とは、江戸時代の幕臣。
• Tomoaki TAKIGAWA (dates of birth and death unknown) was a shogun's retainer in Edo period.

• 1331年、後醍醐天皇が鎌倉幕府打倒を掲げ挙兵する（元弘の乱）。
• In 1331, Emperor Godaigo endeavored to overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Genko Incident.

• 近藤の治療は新選組の検診医でもあった幕府典医・松本良順が行った。
• Ryojun MATSUMOTO, who was a bakufu teni (bakufu doctor) as well as a medical examiner of Shinsengumi, treated Kondo.

• 足利 義勝（あしかが よしかつ）は、室町幕府の第7代征夷大将軍。
• Yoshikatsu ASHIKAGA was the seventh seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• その結果、成氏は、上杉氏を支持する京都の室町幕府の追討を受けた。
• As a result, Shigeuji was hunted down by the Muromachi bakufu in Kyoto, which supported the Uesugi clan.

• 初戦は手薄だった大島口への幕軍による奇襲攻撃によって開始された。
• The conquest began with a shogunal surprise attack on Oshima-guchi, which was scarcely guarded.

• 源頼朝に伊豆国での挙兵から仕え、鎌倉幕府で三カ国の守護を兼ねた。
• Tsunetaka served Yoritomo MINAMOTO since the rise to power of Yoritomo and worked as 'Shugo' (provincial constable) for three provinces.

• 江戸幕府では奏者番兼寺社奉行、京都所司代と昇進を重ね、更に老中。
• In Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he was promoted from an official in charge of the ceremonies and a magistrate of temples and shrines, to the Kyoto deputy, and finally to the member of shogun's council of elders.

• 1284年（弘安7）11月3日、幕府の六波羅探題南方として赴任。
• November 3, 1284: He started to serve as Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata of the bakufu.

• 1249年頃には幕府内職位として美濃国の守護職も与えられている。
• In 1249 he was given the position of provincial constable of Mino Province as a position within bakufu.

• 頼朝の幕府内での位置と、御家人からの高い評価を知ることが出来る。
• It reveals Yoritomo's position in the bakufu, and the high rating from gokenin.

• 幕末の動乱期では早くから朝廷に味方して、京都の警備などを勤めた。
• In unquiet days of the end of Edo period, he took the Imperial Court side early on, and served as a security guard and other posts.

• また幕臣の大岡雲峰や上條犀淵は雪斎の画業の弟子だったといわれる。
• It is also said that Unpo OOKA and Saien KAMIJO, shogun's retainers, were Sessai's disciples on painting profession.

• 三浦 光村（みうら みつむら）は鎌倉時代中期の鎌倉幕府の御家人。
• Mitsumura MIURA was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) during the mid Kamakura period.

• 駅の行き先案内や方向幕は、単に「国際会館」「竹田」と表示される。
• The platform guideboards in the stations and the destination signs on the trains say simply 'Kokusaikaikan' or 'Takeda.'

• 現在の塔は、足利義教（室町幕府第六代将軍）により再建されたもの。
• The currently standing pagoda was rebuilt by Yoshinori ASHIKAGA (the sixth Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu, Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 大名は武家諸法度や参勤交代の制度によって、幕府から統制を受けた。
• Daimyo were subject to control by the Shogunate through the Laws for the Military Houses and the sankin kotai (alternate attendance) system.

• 1336年、鎌倉幕府の組織に倣い政所、問注所とともに設置される。
• Following the organization of the Kamakura bakufu, it was established in 1336 together with Mandokoro (Administrative Board) and Monchujo (a court of justice).

• なお、鎌倉時代には院庁の政所別当も幕府に倣って執権と呼称された。
• During the Kamakura period, Mandokoro-betto in In-no-cho (department under the direct control of the retired emperor) was also called Shikken by following the way that the bakufu called it.

• だから、幕府より上位に位置する朝廷からの命令を拒否できなかった。
• Therefore, they could not refuse any command given by the Imperial Court which was superior to the bakufu in rank.

• 道中奉行（どうちゅうぶぎょう）は、江戸幕府における職名のひとつ。
• Dochu-bugyo was a governmental post in the Edo bakufu.

• これによって寺社伝奏は幕府役職としての要素を併せ持つことになる。
• As a result, jisha denso also had a function in the bakufu.

• 彼はまた幕屋の入口にとばりをかけ、 (出エジプト記 40:28)
• He put up the screen of the door to the tabernacle. (Exodus 40:28)

• また全会衆を会見の幕屋の入口に集めなさい」。 (レビ記 8:3)
• and assemble all the congregation at the door of the Tent of Meeting.' (Leviticus 8:3)

• 光を衣のようにまとい、天を幕のように張り、 (詩篇 104:2)
• He covers himself with light as with a garment. He stretches out the heavens like a curtain. (Psalms 104:2)

• これより先、二度と上がることのない幕の――神かけて、もう二度と。
• -- after that there'd be no going back, by God -- no going back!

• 江戸時代に入ると、江戸幕府は仏教界に対して新たな宗教統制を講じた。
• During the Edo period, the Edo bakufu carried out a new control measure over religions, against Buddhist sects.

• また、幕末期に活躍した玉松操もこの阿野家の末流に連なる人物である。
• Misao TAMAMATSU, who played an active role in the end of Edo period, was also a descendant of the Ano family.

• 直垂の素材は一定しないが、室町幕府将軍は白の無紋の絹を多く用いた。
• The texture used in hitatare was not consistent, but shogun of the Muromachi bakufu wore white silk with no family crest.

• 投壺も投扇興も身分に限らず、皆が熱中したので、幕府は度々禁止した。
• Since all people were fascinated by Toko and Tosenkyo without regard to social status, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) often forbade it.

• さらには幕府直轄領地である支配所に置かれた代官所を含む場合もある。
• Also, the magistrate's office at shihaijo which was directly governed by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) is considered a jinya in some cases.

• 幕末の志士も、その悲憤慷慨を表現するために好んで詩を吟じたという。
• The patriots during the end of Edo period is said to have liked to recite the poetry for the purpose of expressing the indignant lamentation over the evils of the times.

• 幕末は国学などにより復古主義が台頭し、王朝文化への志向が高まった。
• In the end of Edo period, the reversionism gained power supported by the study of Japanese classical literature and people were oriented to the culture of Imperial Court.

• 日本の銃器が伝来から幕末までの永きに渡り火縄銃から進歩しなかった。
• For a long time, from the introduction of the gun to Japan to the end of Edo period, the hinawaju did not advance.

• 幕末には法導寺善が反転で円を直線に写して簡略化する手法を導入した。
• At the end of the Edo period, Zen HODOJI introduced a simplifying technique in which inverted circles are reflected in straight lines.

• 幕末に伝承が絶えてしまったが、現在の大阪系と関係があると思われる。
• Although the school followers ceased to exist towards the end of the Edo period, it is considered that the school has some relationship with the present Osaka line.

• 幕末におきたジャポニズムによって、西洋では浮世絵がもてはやされた。
• In the end of the Edo period, ukiyoe was valued in the West due to Japonism.

• 盤双六は幕末に廃れ、現在では、双六と言えばほぼ確実に絵双六を指す。
• The board Sugoroku died out in the end of the Edo period, now the word Sugoroku almost certainly signifies the picture Sugoroku.

• しかし現在では本舞台で浅葱幕を切って落とすと一面の菜の花、春景色。
• However, in the present performance they start on the main stage where a light blue curtain ('asagimaku' in Japanese) is hung and it opens to reveal a spring landscape of oilseed rape blossoms covering the stage.

• 幕切れは　光秀が眉間を割った扇を恨めしげに見て顔を隠す（團十郎）。
• The ending of the scene in Danjuro's version has Mitsuhide reproachfully looking at the fan which injured his forehead and hides his face.

• 天文方（てんもんかた）は、江戸幕府によって設置された科学研究機関。
• Tenmonkata was a scientific research institution established by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 幕末には編暦以外にも天文や測量、地誌、洋書翻訳なども取り仕切った。
• In addition to the job of making a calendar, Tenmonkata was also in charge of astronomy, surveying, topography and the translation of western books during the last stage of Edo period.

• 」と言い放つなど、江戸幕府に対しても抵抗していたと伝えられている。
• It is said that he was against the Edo government.

• 幕府は、代わりに上皇の皇子・光厳天皇を立て、しばらく院政を行った。
• The government appointed the Retired Emperor's Prince, Emperor Kogon, to continue ruling the cloistered government.

• 倒幕・攘夷派の象徴として、また近代国家日本の指導者として活躍した。
• He acted as a symbol of the force to overthrow the Shogunate and antiforeign sentiment, and was also a leader of modern Japan.

• 承久の乱につながる鎌倉幕府打倒の謀議が行われたのも高陽院であった。
• The venue where the conspiracy to ruin the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that led to the Jokyu War occurred in this Kayain.

• 結果、日印は仏教全宗派を論破し、幕府は題目宗の布教を正式に認める。
• After all, Nichiin refuted all the sects of Buddhism, and the bakufu officially approved dissemination of Daimoku sect.

• この譲位は、幕府に対する天皇の抗議、という意味でとらえられている。
• This abdication is regarded as a protest from the emperor against the bakufu.

• 鷹司孝子(1602年－1674年)江戸幕府三代将軍徳川家光の正室。
• Takako TAKATSUKASA (1602 to 1674) was the legitimate wife of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third-generation shogun of the Edo shogunate.