差別: 517 Terms and Phrases
- 差別
- discrimination
- distinction
- differentiation
- 差別語
- discriminatory term
- discriminatory language
- 性差別
- sex discrimination
- sexism
- discrimination by sex
- sexiam
- sexist
- sexual discrimination
- sex bias
- gender bias
- 無差別
- indiscrimination
- without discrimination
- indiscriminate
- indiscriminately
- 逆差別
- Reverse discrimination
- 価格差別
- price discrimination
- 家柄差別
- discrimination by birth or rank
- 階級差別
- classism
- class discrimination
- 差別関税
- differential duties
- selective taxation
- 差別待遇
- discriminatory treatment
- discrimination
- differential treatment
- 差別発言
- discriminatory remark
- hate speech
- 差別表現
- word, phrase, or image that is perceived as showing or suggesting discrimination or prejudice against a person or group of people
- 差別用語
- discriminatory terms
- List of ethnic slurs
- 宗教差別
- religious discrimination
- 女性差別
- discrimination against women
- sexism
- Jane Crow
- 人種差別
- racial discrimination
- racism
- racialism
- segregation
- 男女差別
- sexual discrimination
- sexism
- 男性差別
- discrimination against men
- misandry
- Men's rights
- 年齢差別
- age discrimination
- agism
- Ageism
- 民族差別
- ethnic discrimination
- 無差別級
- open-weight (unclassified) division (category)
- Openweight
- 差別する
- discriminate
- segregate
- 差別侵食
- differencial erosion
- differential erosion
- 差別測定
- differential measurement
- 無差別の
- indiscriminate
- promiscuous
- 被差別側
- those discriminated against
- 無差別に
- in an indiscriminate manner
- 言語差別
- Linguistic discrimination
- 製品差別化
- product differentiation
- 無差別テロ
- indiscriminate terror
- indiscriminate terrorism
- 無差別殺人
- indiscriminant killing
- indiscriminate murder
- 無差別爆撃
- indiscriminate bombing
- 差別焼入れ
- differential hardening
- 無差別没収
- indiscriminate confiscation
- 差別しない
- indifferent
- not discriminating
- 無差別平等
- Nondiscrimination and Equality
- 無差別殺戮
- indiscriminate slaughter
- 差別的な税
- a discriminatory tax
- 差別的批難
- discriminative censure
- 差別化戦略
- Product differentiation
- 差別化要因
- differentiating factor
- 被差別部落民
- Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group)
- 差別的取扱い
- discriminatory treatment
- 口径別差別制
- differentiation system by meter size
- 差別撤廃措置
- affirmative action
- 仕事上の差別
- job discrimination
- 差別修正措置
- affirmative action
- ~を差別する
- discriminate against ~
- 民族差別用語
- Ethnic and religious slurs
- 学歴による差別
- discrimination on the basis of educational level (background)
- 差別的取り扱い
- discriminatory treatment
- 無差別大量殺人
- indiscriminate mass murder
- 差別化サービス
- differentiated services
- 被差別民の種類
- Types of discriminated people
- 差別のない学校
- integrated schools
- 人種差別の再発
- a recrudescence of racism
- 差別化フィーチャ
- distinguishing feature
- 標構無差別の原理
- principle of material frame indifference
- 人種差別撤廃運動
- Campaign Against Racial
- Campaign Against Racial Discrimination
- 人種差別的な言葉
- racially offensive term
- 被差別階級の人口
- Population of Eta and Hinin (Discriminated Outsider Castes)
- 黒人を指す差別語
- offensive term for Black people
- 恋に上下の差別無し
- Love makes men equal
- 無差別大量殺人行為
- act of indiscriminate mass murder
- 差別的取扱いの禁止
- Prohibition on Discriminatory Treatment
- Prohibition of Discriminatory Treatment
- (無差別の戦い方)
- (open-weight class)
- 目入れと障害者差別
- Filling in eyes of a daruma doll and discrimination against the disabled
- 中世日本の被差別民
- People Discriminated Against in the Medieval Japan
- 完全で無差別な性質
- the quality of being complete and indiscriminate
- 人種差別を排除する
- rid of segregation
- 無差別に親切にする
- commit a random act of kindness
- 差別価格オークション
- discriminatory auction
- クレジット差別撤去法
- Equal Credit Opportunity Act
- 被差別部落との関わり
- Involvement with discriminated communities called buraku
- 残忍で無差別な殺人者
- a brutal indiscriminate murderer
- 無差別に組立てられる
- put together indiscriminately
- ユダヤ人を指す差別語
- offensive term for a Jew
- 彼女は、無差別に読む
- she reads promiscuously
- 差別的態度と振る舞い
- discriminatory attitudes and practices
- これは、差別に触れる
- This borders on discrimination!
- 無差別な迫害の犠牲者
- the victim of whimsical persecutions
- 国際人種差別撤廃デー
- International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- 差別をなくすための措置
- affirmative action
- 彼は人種差別と戦った。
- He fought against racial discrimination.
- 黒人の子供を指す差別語
- offensive term for a Black child
- 貧しい白人を指す差別語
- an offensive term for White people who are impoverished
- 慎重な差別のない尺度で
- on a large scale without careful discrimination
- 恣意的若しくは不当な差別
- arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination
- 黄色人種として差別される
- be discriminated against as members of a yellow race
- 不当な差別的取扱いの禁止
- Prohibition of unfair discriminatory treatment
- 不当に差別的でないこと。
- That it is not unjustly discriminatory; and
- The contents of the agreement shall not unfairly discriminatory.
- ドイツ系の人を指す差別語
- offensive term for a person of German descent
- 太りすぎの人に対する差別
- discrimination against people who are overweight
- 無差別に多くの人々を殺す
- kill a large number of people indiscriminately
- 東洋人の女性を指す差別語
- offensive term for an Asian woman
- 差別撤廃に向けたバス通学
- Desegregation busing in the United States
- アメリカ合衆国の人種差別
- Racism in the United States
- 同性愛者に対する差別・偏見
- heterosexism
- 性別を理由とする差別の禁止
- Prohibition of Discrimination on the Basis of Sex
- メキシコ系の人を指す差別語
- offensive term for a person of Mexican descent
- アメリカ原住民を指す差別語
- offensive term for Native Americans
- アジア人の男性を指す差別語
- offensive term for an Asian man
- 日系人に対する差別的な言葉
- offensive term for a person of Japanese descent
- 人種差別に関する政策を行う
- practice a policy of racial segregation
- 例えば、人種差別発言をする
- e.g., make a racial slur
- 年齢による雇用関係差別禁止法
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act
- 同性愛者に対する差別・偏見の
- heterosexist
- 同性愛者に対する差別/偏見の
- heterosexist
- 社会的地位は低く差別された。
- As their social standing was low, they were discriminated.
- 性別を理由とする差別の禁止等
- Prohibition of Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Etc.
- イタリア人の子孫を指す差別語
- offensive term for a person of Italian descent
- 私たちはこの郡では差別しない
- We don't segregate in this county
- 学校内における無差別殺傷事件
- List of school-related attacks
- 部落差別問題にも影響している。
- This influenced the problem of Buraku (hamlet) discrimination.
- 五色の賤に準じられ差別された。
- They were ranked as Goshiki no sen (five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system) and discriminated correspondingly.
- 彼は階級差別の廃止を主張した。
- He advocated abolishing class distinctions.
- 彼女は女性差別撤廃を主張した。
- She advocated equal rights for women.
- 彼女は差別のために会社を訴えた
- She actioned the company for discrimination
- 差別に対する彼らの反対が率直な
- outspoken in their opposition to segregation
- 彼は人種差別を悪だと決めつけた。
- He condemned racial discrimination as evil.
- 群集は人種差別に対して抗議した。
- The crowd protested against racial discrimination.
- 中年のまた年配の人々に対する差別
- discrimination against middle-aged and elderly people
- 性差別主義は多くの仕事場に起こる
- sexism occurs in many workplaces
- 彼の人種差別に対する断固たる非難
- his uncompromising condemnation of racism
- XはYの差別する人ではありません
- X is no respecter of Y
- 国籍が違うために社会的差別を受ける
- be discriminated against because of his nationality
- その週間は差別とは関係がなかった。
- That week had nothing to do with discrimination.
- 頑健な身体を持つ人間を優先する差別
- discrimination in favor of the able-bodied
- 彼のスピーチは人種差別の気があった
- his speeches smacked of racism
- 協定の内容が不当に差別的でないこと。
- The contents of the agreement are not unfairly discriminatory;
- 人を人種で差別するのは間違っている。
- It is wrong of you to discriminate against people because of their race.
- 特に人種または宗教に基づいて差別的な
- discriminatory especially on the basis of race or religion
- 差別または不正直でない判断をする能力
- ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
- 私達は南アフリカの人種差別を非難する
- We condemn the racism in South Africa
- 人種差別は国家の中心にある害悪である
- racism is a pestilence at the heart of the nation
- 第二十七条の規定に違反して差別をした者
- Any person who has discriminated in violation of Article 27;
- また、異民族を差別する思想が見られる。
- Also, some descriptions reflecting the philosophy of ethnic discrimination are seen in this book.
- 大衆は差別問題に関して全く無知である。
- The masses are entirely ignorant of the segregation problem.
- アジア人の不熟練労働者を指す差別な名前
- an offensive name for an unskilled Asian laborer
- 不当に他の事業者を差別的に取り扱うこと。
- Unjustly treat other entrepreneurs in a discriminatory manner;
- 「性差別」という言葉が今、流行っている。
- Terms like 'sexism' are now in vogue.
- パレスチナの女性を差別してはいけません。
- Do not persecute the Palestinian woman.
- この学校は完全に人種差別を廃止されている
- This school is completely desegregated
- 鬼と呼ばれ差別されている者たちが登場する。
- Those who are called Oni and discriminated appear.
- 教育の場における性差別撤廃法案制定に尽力。
- She worked hard to ensure enactment of the Sex Discrimination in Education Act.
- 世論の流れは性差別反対の方に向かっている。
- The tide of public opinion is turning against sexism.
- 現在では差別語とされる、米国で黒人を指す語
- a United States term for Blacks that is now considered offensive
- 異性に対する差別的、または侮蔑的な振る舞い
- discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex
- 積極的差別是正措置の、論争を招くような決定
- a controversial decision on affirmative action
- しかし今日でも、女性たちは差別と戦っている。
- Even today, however, women struggle against discrimination.
- 白人の人口における差別、または偏見態度の存在
- the presence of discriminatory or prejudicial attitudes in the white population
- 柔道競技オリンピック金メダリスト男子無差別級
- Footer Olympic Champions Judo Open category Men
- あらゆる形態の人種差別の撤廃に関する国際条約
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
- 論争の多い話題:積極的差別是正措置とバス通学。
- Affirmative action and busing are debated topics.
- 階級差別のない社会の集産主義を主張する政治理論
- a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
- 人種差別で、白人用のトイレや水飲み場さえあった
- under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains
- しかし現実には社会的な差別は根強く残存していた。
- The reality, however, was that there existed a deep-rooted discrimination in the society.
- 性別を理由とする差別の禁止等 (第五条―第十条)
- Prohibition of Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Etc. (Art. 5-10)
- ほかの人種に対する差別的、または侮蔑的な振る舞い
- discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race
- 最近の連邦の施行は人種差別的スタンスを追いやった
- recent federal action undermined the segregationist position
- 女子に対するあらゆる形態の差別の撤廃に関する条約
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
- この種の差別を神道と直結する説には反対意見もある。
- However, there are objections towards the thought that this type of discrimination is directly connected with Shinto.
- 国籍や性別または職業などで人を差別してはいけない。
- Don't discriminate against people based on nationality, gender, or occupation.
- 我々は人種差別を完全に無くす努力を必ず続けて行く。
- We shall continue our efforts to eradicate racial discrimination.
- それが、この銭だけの、一つの差別になつてゐました。
- which was certainly a mark of distinction.
- 積極的差別是正措置について、最高裁判所が下した裁定
- a ruling by the Supreme Court on affirmative action
- 同性愛の人に対して、異性愛の人をひいきした差別主義
- discrimination in favor of heterosexual and against homosexual people
- リベラル派は、雇用差別を終わらせるべきであると言う。
- Liberals say we should end employment discrimination.
- 人種差別主義者は、そのような人々が劣っていると考える
- The racist conceives such people to be inferior
- 特定の者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないこと。
- The application does not provide specific persons with unjust discriminatory treatment.
- Certain persons are not treated in an unfair and discriminatory manner.
- The application does not treat a certain persons in an unjust discriminatory manner.
- 日本人を含む東洋系移民に対する差別的条項が撤廃される。
- The articles of legislation considered discriminatory against Asian immigrants including Japanese were rescinded.
- 調査の対象外であった武家や公家、被差別階級人口を除く。
- The figures exclude persons belonging to the samurai class, the aristocracy and the discriminated class who were excluded in the survey.
- 特定の者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをするものであるとき。
- when the fee unjustly discriminates against particular persons;
- 政治的、または人種的な人種差別を支持する、政治上の指向
- a political orientation favoring political or racial segregation
- マーチン・ルーサー・キングは人種差別を打ち破ろうとした
- Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination
- 特定の旅客に対し不当な差別的取扱いをするものであるとき。
- When they are unjustifiably discriminating against certain passengers
- 特定の者に対して不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないこと。
- Certain persons are not treated in an unfair and discriminatory manner.
- そのため多くのどぶろく特区ができ、あまり差別化が図れない
- For this reason, there are many special zones of Doburoku, which prevents product differentiation.
- 近隣のある地域の家を販売または借りることにおいて差別する
- discriminate in selling or renting housing in certain areas of a neighborhood
- 特定の商品取引員に対し差別的取扱いをしないものであること。
- The method of calculation shall not provide discriminatory treatment to a specific Futures Commission Merchant.
- 更に、差別的ニュアンスがある場合も差し替えの理由となった。
- In addition, a card that had overtones of discrimination was replaced.
- が、市場における差別通用の実態を追認せざるを得なくなった。
- However, they could not help admitting that, in reality, their rates could not be treated in the same way on the market.
- 『橋のない川』も『破戒』同様、部落差別を扱った作品である。
- Similar to 'Hakai', 'Hashi no nai kawa' is also a literary work dealing with the subject of discrimination against the buraku communities.
- 朝鮮半島で白丁が受けた身分差別は、以下のようなものである。
- The class discrimination which hakucho faced in Korean Peninsula was as follows.
- 特定の利用者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをするものであるとき。
- In the case of being construed as unfair and discriminatory to particular users
- 性差別を防ぐため一般的にはfirefighterが用いられる
- fireman
- 町方人口には調査の対象外であった武家と被差別階級人口を除く。
- The census of the population of townspeople excludes the samurai class and the discriminated class.
- 黒人の市民権向上に対する、白人の人種差別主義者による巻き返し
- backlash by white racists against black civil rights advances
- そのため百姓が差別的な用語であるという認識は薄まってきている。
- Thus, there is less recognition that the term 'hyakusho' is a discriminatory term.
- が、藤村はその際に一部差別語などを言い換えたり、削除している。
- However, Toson replaced or deleted some discriminatory language on this occasion.
- 19世紀に至っても賤民「倭種」は過酷な差別の下に置かれていた。
- Even in the 19th century, the humble or lowly people 'Washu' were under harsh discrimination.
- 通常の労働者と同視すべき短時間労働者に対する差別的取扱いの禁止
- Prohibition of Discriminatory Treatment of Part-Time Workers Equivalent to Ordinary Workers
- 社会は人種差別の原因となるような法律を廃止しなければならない。
- Society must do away with laws which cause racial discrimination.
- 法で定められてはいないが、事実上、起こる人種差別(特に学校で)
- segregation (especially in schools) that happens in fact although not required by law
- 特定の金融商品取引業者に対し差別的取扱いをしないものであること。
- discriminatory treatment is not provided for a particular Financial Instruments Business Operator.
- この時代、女性への差別がつよく、女性の漢字学習が禁止されていた。
- In this era, females were strongly differentiated from males, and it was prohibited for females to learn Chinese language.
- There was serious discrimination against women and they were forbidden to learn Kanji in those days.
- 洞部落(ほらぶらく)は、奈良県橿原市にかつて存在した被差別部落。
- Hora Buraku was a discriminated community which used to exist in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.
- また、触頭と称して全国の被差別民に号令を下す権限をも与えられた。
- He was also granted the authority to give command to the hisabetsumin all over the country as furegashira (the head administrative spokesman) for them.
- 米国でどんな短毛で青っぽい灰色の猫に対しても無差別に使用される語
- a term applied indiscriminately in the United States to any short-haired bluish-grey cat
- 特定の機能に分化した動物の完全に差別化された構造上、機能上の単位
- a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function
- 性の違いを基に差別をする(通常男性の女性に対する態度で言われる)
- discriminatory on the basis of sex (usually said of men's attitude toward women)
- 特定の旅客又は荷主に対し、不当な差別的取扱いをするものであるとき。
- Those which lead to any unfair and discriminatory treatment against specific passengers or consigners
- これは黒人が人種差別によって妨害されないで生きる機会を黒人に与える
- this would give black people the opportunity to live unhampered by racism
- 取り扱い商品を絞って競合各店との差別化を図った店舗構成となっている。
- It positions itself apart from competing stores by limiting lines of business.
- これを上杉聡や中村拡三らは賤民差別から部落問題の発生の移行期とみる。
- Satoshi UESUGI, Kozo NAKAMURA and others consider this period transition from discrimination of humble or lowly people to the outbreak of Buraku (hamlet) issue.
- 米国の作家で、人種差別に関する率直な批判者(1924年−1987年)
- United States author who was an outspoken critic of racism (1924-1987)
- 電子債権記録機関は、特定の者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- Electronic Monetary Claim Recording Institutions shall not unreasonably discriminate against specific persons.
- 保険料に関し、特定の者に対して不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないこと。
- No specific persons will be subject to unfair discriminatory treatment with regard to insurance premiums; and
- すべての差別を無くすために、私たちはあらゆる努力をしなければならない。
- We must make every effort to do away with all discrimination.
- 「しっぽまで餡が入っていることで、値打ち感のアップなどの差別化が図れる」
- If the tail is filled with bean paste it seems like good value.'
- チョボの語は現在では差別的なひびきのある語として使用を避ける傾向にある。
- Modern people tend to avoid the word Chobo because of its discriminatory connotation.
- 被差別部落出身の小学校教師がその出生に苦しみ、ついに告白するまでを描く。
- It describes the life of an elementary school teacher from a buraku (the outcaste communities), who struggles and suffers because of his origin, until he finally confesses his background.
- 最初に議論すべき点は、この地域に差別が存在したかどうかということである。
- The first point to be discussed is whether segregation existed in this district.
- 公共輸送機関とホテルとレストランと他の公的な場所で主に実施される人種差別
- racial segregation enforced primarily in public transportation and hotels and restaurants and other public places
- これは被差別部落民が米商の投機買いによる最大の被害者層であったからである。
- This is because people from discriminated communities called buraku were the heaviest sufferers by speculative buying of rice merchants.
- 弾左衛門(だんざえもん)は江戸時代の被差別民であった穢多・非人身分の頭領。
- Danzaemon was the chieftain of the eta (an outcaste class in feudal Japan, people whose occupation considered unclean in Buddhism, such as skinning of animals and the tanning of hides) and the hinin (literally, nonperson; actors, beggars and other categories of the population of feudal Japan regarded along with the eta caste as socially inferior), both of which were collectively called 'hisabetsumin' (literally, discriminated people) in the Edo period.
- 皆が平等に教育を受けることで、貧富によって差別されない社会を作ろうとした。
- He aimed to build a society free from the discrimination between the rich and the poor by providing equal opportunities of education.
- それは現在進行形で人種差別主義者や残酷な侵略にさらされている民であります。
- It is a people that are subjected to this ongoing racist and brutal aggression.
- アジア人を指す差別語(特に、ベトナム戦争で北ベトナムの兵士を指して用いた)
- a disparaging term for an Asian person (especially for North Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War)
- 彼女の読書の習慣において無差別の;彼女の選択は、完全にランダムなようだった
- unselective in her reading habits; her choices seemed completely random
- 事実上の人種差別は、法律によって課されれた差別と同じくらい真実のことである
- de facto segregation is as real as segregation imposed by law
- 人種、性別その他の事由による不当な差別又は偏見の防止及び根絶を目的とする事業
- Business to prevent and eliminate unreasonable discrimination and prejudice by reason of race, gender or others
- 指定紛争解決機関は、特定の加入銀行に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- A Designated Dispute Resolution Organization shall not treat any particular Member Bank in an unjust, discriminatory manner.
- これは当時の欧米(白人社会)に広まっていた人種差別の考えがあったと思われる。
- The racism that was spreading in Western countries (the white community) at that time seems to have underlain it.
- これを部落解放全国委員会が、呼び方を変えても差別は変わらないとして批判した。
- The Buraku Kaiho Zenkoku Iinkai (the National Committee for Buraku Liberation) criticized this behavior by Toson, stating that the alterlation of how to call the name of being discriminated would not help change the discrimination itself.
- 河原者という被差別身分の出身ながら、室町幕府の八代将軍足利義政に重用された。
- Although he was a Kawaramono (discriminated position), the 8th Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) treated him preferentially.
- 商品取引清算機関は、特定の清算参加者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- A Commodity Clearing Organization shall not provide unfair discriminatory treatment to any specific Clearing Participant.
- 保険契約の内容に関し、特定の者に対して不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないこと。
- No specific persons will be subject to unfair discriminatory treatment under the contents of the insurance contract;
- よりどころは『華厳経』の「心と仏と及び衆生との、是らの三は無差別なり」である。
- Their basis is the phrase contained in 'Kegon-kyo Sutra:' 'Heart, Buddha and people, all three of them have no difference.'
- 本項では中世日本の被差別民(ちゅうせいにほんのひさべつみん)について叙述する。
- In this section, people who were discriminated against in the medieval Japan are described.
- が、両者の差別に対する考え方あるいはスタンスは正反対と言ってよいほどに異なる。
- However, with respect to their views or stances on discrimination, they are different to the point of being almost opposite.
- 北海は言葉少なく、優しい人柄で知られ、身分によって人を差別することがなかった。
- Hokkai was known for being taciturn and having a gentle personality, and did not discriminate according to one's social standing.
- 人類は一つの種のままではなく、二種類のちがった動物へと差別化していったのです。
- that Man had not remained one species, but had differentiated into two distinct animals:
- 白人でない人々に対する政治的、経済的、そして法的な差別を含む社会政策か人種差別
- a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites
- 指定信用情報機関は、特定の加入貸金業者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- No Designated Credit Bureau shall treat any particular Member Money Lender in an unjust and discriminatory way.
- 豆の品種や製法に焦点をあてたイメージ戦略で清涼飲料系缶コーヒーとの差別化を図る。
- They aimed at differentiation from soft-drink-type canned coffee through an image marketing strategy focusing on kinds of coffee beans and manufacturing process.
- 五色の賤(ごしきのせん)とは、律令制の元で設置された古代日本の被差別身分である。
- Goshiki no sen a status of discrimination in ancient Japan which was constituted under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
- As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.
- 結果、長州藩内の被差別身分が差別から解放される事となり部落の生活水準は上昇した。
- As a result, people in buraku (hamlet) in Choshu Domain were liberated from discrimination raising the standard of living.
- それは富国強兵という目標を推進するとともに、差別の再生産を準備していたといえる。
- It can be said that this played the role of reproducing discrimination while moving toward the goals of fortifying the country.
- が、同じく被差別部落に生まれた解放運動家、猪子蓮太郎をひた隠しに慕うようになる。
- However, he secretly revered Rentaro INOKO, a liberation activist who was also born into a buraku community.
- やがて学校で丑松が被差別部落出身であるとの噂が流れ、更に猪子が壮絶な死を遂げる。
- After a while, a rumor spread out in school that Ushimatsu was from a buraku community, shortly followed by the brave death of Inoko.
- それはベルリンの壁にも喩えられる人種差別の壁の建設計画によって頂点に達しました。
- This reached its apex with the project of building the wall of racial discrimination, called also the Berlin Wall,
- そして個人の権利だとか所有権といった問題もなく、集団的にかつ無差別に消費される。
- and it is consumed collectively or indiscriminately, without question of individual right or ownership.
- 他方の性の利益のために、一方の性(通常女性)を排除する差別(通常、雇用において)
- discrimination (usually in employment) that excludes one sex (usually women) to the benefit of the other sex
- 河原者(かわらもの)は、河原人とも呼ばれ、中世日本の代表的な被差別民の一つである。
- Kawaramono is also referred to as Kawarabito, and they were a type of people which were discriminated against in medieval Japan.
- 辻斬(つじぎり)とは、主に江戸時代に武士が街中などで無差別に通行人を刀で斬ること。
- Tsujigiri stands for the action of a samurai who indiscriminately kills a passers-by with his blade on the street and was observed most frequently during the Edo period.
- そうじゃない。性差別やら女性蔑視やら、そういうものとは関係なく、男と女は違うんだ。
- That's not what I mean. Sex discrimination, female discrimination, whatever, men and women are just different.
- 第一種貨物利用運送事業者は、特定の荷主に対して不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- The first class consigned freight forwarding business operator shall not unjustly discriminate certain freight owners.
- 一般貨物自動車運送事業者は、特定の荷主に対し、不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- The general motor truck transportation business operator shall not take discriminating conduct to certain freight owners.
- 米国のバス歌手、人種差別の辛口の批評家で社会主義の提案者(1898年−1976年)
- United States bass singer and an outspoken critic of racism and proponent of socialism (1898-1976)
- ただし当時の非人は後世とは異なり、単に差別される対象ではなく畏怖される存在であった。
- However, hinin at that period were different from hinin of after ages, and they were not only the subject to be discriminated but also the awesome existence.
- 差別化を図るため、マンション(本来は邸宅の意味)という名称がよく使われるようになった。
- Some of the collective housings began to use 'mansion' (which originally meant 'residence') as their generic name in order to differentiate themselves from the so called 'apart.'
- したがって仮に撰銭がおこなわれて「洪武銭」のたぐいが差別されても大きな損失はなかった。
- Therefore, even if erizen acts were carried out and coins like 'Kobusen' (copper coins cast from 1368 to 1398) were discriminated, little loss would be inflicted.
- しかし沖縄や清国といった抗議する側が反差別主義的であったかというと、実はそうではない。
- However, those who opposed, such as in Okinawa and Qing, were not anti-discriminatory, as a matter of fact.
- 年齢による差別は法律違反であり、退職が強制されるのは、ほんの少数の職業においてである。
- Age discrimination is illegal and retirement is mandatory in only a few occupations.
- 人種差別問題に関する重要な点は、それぞれのグループの価値体系を明らかにすることである。
- The significant point as regards the segregation problem is to clarify the value system of each group.
- あんな人種差別の発言をするなんて、あの政治家も取り返しのつかないことを口にしたものだ。
- That politician put his foot in his mouth when he made those racist comments.
- 彼らのよく知られた戦いの掟は、年齢や性別や状態に関わらず無差別に殺すというものである。
- whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
- また、江戸時代までは、歌舞伎は被差別階級の仕事という考えが強く、差別も根強く残っていた。
- And until the Edo period, Kabuki was strongly believed to be a profession occupied by the people of the discriminated class, and the discrimination against them remained deep-rooted.
- 更に流動的な住民である非人・乞食などはそれよりも下位に位置しており、被差別身分にあった。
- There were also people without roots, such as hinin (outcasts) and kojiki (beggars), who belonged to the lowest of the class hierarchy and were discriminated against.
- これに対し、穢れ観流入後の被差別民に対する差別は、不浄視(穢れ視する見方)へと変化した。
- On the other side, after the arrival of the notion of Kegare, discrimination against discriminated people changed, in that they were seen as unclean (to see them Kegare.)
- 社員の議決権に関して、当該法人の目的に照らし、不当に差別的な取扱いをしないものであること。
- It does not treat voting rights of members in an unreasonably and discriminatory manner in the light of the purpose of the juridical person in question.
- しかし、士農工商の言葉は部落差別を連想させるとして、現在は放送禁止用語として扱われている。
- The term shi-no-ko-sho is currently a word which is prohibited on radio and television because the term has been associated with buraku-sabetsu (contemporary discrimination against burakumin (people who come from or live in special hamlets)).
- 中世の被差別民や近現代日本の被差別部落の直接的な起源であるとする説が存在するが議論がある。
- There is a theory that the origin of discrimination during the medieval period, as well as those living in special hamlets in modern Japan, lies in goshiki no sen; however, this fact is often debated.
- 台湾人の職員も多く採用されたが、徹底した差別により高位高官への昇進の機会は閉ざされていた。
- Although many Taiwanese staffs were employed, their opportunity of promotion to a high officer was thwarted by heavy discrimination.
- 事業主は、次に掲げる事項について、労働者の性別を理由として、差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- With regard to the following matters, employers shall not discriminate against workers on the basis of sex.
- 人種差別に抗議するために南部地域をバスに乗って通り抜ける人権活動家の異人種間グループの1つ
- one of an interracial group of civil rights activists who rode buses through parts of the South in order to protest racial segregation
- 金融商品取引所は、特定の会員等又は有価証券の発行者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- A Financial Instruments Exchange shall not provide unjust discriminatory treatment to a particular Member, etc. or a particular Issuer of Securities.
- 明治維新によって死牛馬取得権などの特権を失った反面、差別は依然残り、部落解放運動につながった
- While they lost the privilege to receive dead horses and cattle and so on after the Meiji Restoration, the discrimination still continued, which led to the Buraku (discriminated communities) Liberation Movement.
- しかし台湾人の登用はあくまで日本人の補助としての存在であり、多くの有形・無形の差別があった。
- However, the recruitment of Taiwanese was only for assisting Japanese, and they suffered from discrimination, tangible, and intangible, in many cases.
- 宝暦六年(1756年)以降被差別階級の穢多村の統計が残っており、参考までに両者の合計を示す。
- As statistical figures on the discriminated class living in such communities since 1756 are available, and the aggregated figures of the two categories are shown below for reference.
- しかし品位の異なる宝永銀三品を同価値で通用させるには無理があり市場では差別通用となっていた。
- However, it was impossible to distribute three types of hoei-gin of which karat was different at the same value,and it was discriminated in the market.
- また、学者の網野善彦などの研究により、被差別民と天皇との密接な結びつきが明らかとなっている。
- Close relations between discriminated people and the Emperor were clarified through research by scholars such as Yoshihiko AMINO, etc.
- この命令に従って山内氏は長宗我部氏の家臣達を郷士、自身の家臣達を上士と区別し、差別化を図った。
- In accordance with such orders, the Yamauchi clan tried to distinguish between the vassals of the Chosokabe clan, who were called Goshi (郷士), and its own vassals, who were called Joshi (上士).
- 米騒動での検事処分者は8185人におよび、被差別部落からはそのうちの1割を超える処分者が出た。
- The number of people who faced punishment by a prosecutor were 8,185 in rice riots and more than 10 percent of them were from the discriminated communities called buraku.
- 一部の人権団体が「六曜のような迷信を信じる事は差別につながる」として、積極的な廃止を求めている。
- Some of human-rights group aggressively ask for the abolishment of rokuyo, saying 'to believe superstitions like rokuyo leads to discrimination.'
- 「天は人の上に人を造らず人の下に人を造らずと言われている__人は生まれながら貴賎上下の差別ない。
- The heaven does not create one man above or under another man, which means there is no difference by nature between the noble and the common.
- 使用者は、労働者が女性であることを理由として、賃金について、男性と差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- An employer shall not engage in discriminatory treatment of a woman as compared with a man with respect to wages by reason of the worker being a woman.
- 高宗時代の甲午改革の後、白丁の身分から解消され国家官吏になる者も現れたが、差別は相変わらず残った。
- After Gabo Reform carried out during the reign of Gao Zong, some people were freed from the social status as hakucho and became government official, but the discrimination against them consistently remained.
- 異なった人種の両親を持つ子に対する差別的な言葉(特に、白人とインディアンの祖先との間の子に対して)
- an offensive term for an offspring of parents of different races (especially of Caucasian and American Indian ancestry)
- 積極的差別是正措置,は非常に物議をかもしていた、そして1978年のバッキ判決で異議を申し立てられた
- affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision
- そこには日本や西欧と同質の差別的視線を共有することで、同等の存在になりたいという願望が透けて見える。
- This also reveals their desire to be equal to Japan and Western European countries by sharing a discriminatory view point of the same nature.
- 1180年、鎌倉長吏頭藤原弾左衛門が源頼朝の朱印状を得て中世被差別民の頭領の地位を確立したとされる。
- In 1180 Kamakura Chorigashira (chief of the chori in Kamakura) Danzaemon FUJIWARA established the status as the chieftain of the medieval hisabetsumin by acquiring the Shuinjo (shogunal license literally meaning the 'vermilion seal') issued by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 過度に障害を与え又は無差別に効果を及ぼすことがあると認められる通常兵器の使用の禁止又は制限に関する条約
- Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
- これは追って説いたものを、また追ってその大小乗の教えや方便と真実という差別を泯(ほろぼ)すことをいう。
- Thus, according to this interpretation, it refers that the Buddha's teachings in the Nirvana Sutra were taught to eliminate the distinction between different views about his teachings and the distinction between temporary and eternal truths.
- これは妖怪研究家の京極夏彦や多田克己によれば、元の名が差別用語に受け取られる可能性があるためとされる。
- Natsuhiko KYOGOKU and Katsumi TADA, both of whom are ghost researchers, say this is because Katawa-guruma can be regarded as a discriminatory word.
- さらに、大坂の役にて長宗我部氏が断絶すると、上士達は200年以上に渡って郷士に激しい差別を与え続けた。
- Subsequently, when the Chosokabe clan was extinguished in the Siege of Osaka, the Joshi continued to exercise severe discrimination against the Goshi for more than 200 years.
- 更にこうした差別や、経済的・政治的格差に対する反発から、植民地統治に反抗する武力蜂起も数多く起こった。
- This discrimination as well as economic and political gaps caused many armed uprisings to occur against colonial rule by Japan.
- が、戦国時代から安土桃山時代、勧進聖は「がんにん坊主」などと呼ばれ、貶められ差別を受ける傾向にあった。
- However, from the Warring States period to the Azuchi Momoyama period, fund-raising priests were apt to be called 'gannin bozu' by using the discriminatory term for humiliation.
- 皮革産業は武具製造には欠かせない軍需産業であり、当時の為政者から差別を受けつつ保護される存在であった。
- As the leather industry was a munitions industry indispensable for the armor production, Danzaemon was protected by the authority although it was discriminated at the same time.
- 能無し官僚がウロウロする世界、 セクハラと差別の世界、部下を搾取し罪をきせるマヌケなボスの世界である。
- a world of bureaucratic blundering, of sexual harassment and discrimination, of bonehead bosses exploiting
- 中世の被差別民は一般的に非人と称されたが、河原者がその中に含まれるかどうかについて、論争が行われている。
- Although those discriminated in the Medieval Period were generally called Hinin, there is controversy as to whether Kawaramono were included in Hinin.
- 以上のような文明/野蛮言説は西欧や日本ばかりでなく、それらから差別された地域をも取り込んで語られていた。
- These discourse of civilization vs. barbarianism as stated above involved not only Western Europe and Japan, but those regions discriminated by them.
- 特に一軍以上の軍団からなり複数の大将がいる場合に最高位にある者を差別化する場合、総大将ということが多い。
- In particular, the term 'Sodaisho' was often used to differentiate the highest ranking official from other generals in an army composed of more than one corps.
- 米国の市民権指導者で、人種差別に反対する国家運動を先導し、大統領候補指名に立候補した(1941年生まれ)
- United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)
- しかし、民衆の間には、賎民に対する差別意識が根強く残り、平民の間から新平民との呼称が自然発生的に成立した。
- However, a sense of discrimination toward Senmin was prevalent among the people, and the name 'Shin-Heimin (new commoner)' was spontaneously established from Heimin (commoner).
- 忍性は非人救済のみでは、それが却って差別を助長しかねないと考えて非人を含めた全ての階層への救済に尽力した。
- Ninsho felt that relief of 'Hinin' would only promote the discrimination, so he gave his best effort in the relief of all hierarchy including the Hinin.
- 1923年に白丁差別解消のための朝鮮衡平社が作られ、日本の水平社と協力して身分差別解消の運動を行っていた。
- In 1923, Chosenkoheisya (Korean social organization) was established to eliminate the discrimination against hakucho and waged the movement to eliminate the class difference along with the Zenkoku Suiheisha (the National Levelers' Association) in Japan.
- 法則が不道徳である(抗議して差別に対してのように)と彼らが信じるので、法則に従うことに対するグループの拒否
- a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination)
- 蹴鞠は貴族だけに止まらず、天皇、公家、将軍、武士、神官はては一般民衆に至るまで老若男女の差別無く親しまれた。
- Not only aristocrats, but also the emperors, Court nobles, shogun, samurai, Shinto priests, and the general public, irrespective of age or gender, also liked kemari.
- 中世の被差別民は、一般的に非人と呼称されていたが、河原者、宿の者、散所民、声聞師(唱門師)などに分類できる。
- Generally called hinin (literally, not human beings), people discriminated against in the medieval can be classified into kawaramono (literally, people living in river side areas), shuku no mono (literally, people at shuku (inn-clustered towns along a big road)), sanjomin (literally, people at various places), or Shomonji (itinerant performers whose work encompassed both Noh performance and religious rituals) (Shomonji (lower-ranked diviners)).
- こうした「人間の展示」の背後には、当時席巻していた社会進化論と人種差別主義というイデオロギーが介在していた。
- Behind those 'human exhibition', there were ideologies such as evolutionism and racism which spread globally at that time.
- これは当時、全国水平社が部落解放運動を展開し、差別的な言動を廃絶しようとする動きがあったことを意識している。
- This indicates that he was conscious of a campaign led by Zenkoku Suiheisha (the National Levelers' Association) to develop Buraku Liberation Movement for abolishing discriminatory language and behavior.
- (ベツレヘムの)キリスト生誕教会とエルサレムの聖墳墓教会を結ぶ神聖な道は人種差別の壁によって封鎖されました。
- It closed the religious road that connects the Church of the Nativity (in Bethlehem) and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem with this wall of racism.
- 若い時は、肉親の死、学歴での差別(東京大学における選科への待遇)、妻との一度の離縁など、多くの苦難を味わった。
- When young, he underwent many difficulties such as the deaths of family members, discrimination against his academic background (treatment with regard to elective courses at Tokyo University) and divorce.
- 人種差別の壁の建設に対する抵抗を通して、我が民族は世界の支持と共感を得た勇敢な民族抵抗運動の模範となりました。
- In confronting the construction of the wall of racial discrimination, our people have made a model for the courageous people's resistance which gained the support and sympathy of the world.
- 近世初頭、豊臣秀吉、徳川政権によって固定的な被差別身分が編成された際に、河原者はその中に組み込まれたと言われる。
- It is said that the Kawaramono were included in a fixed discriminated position when the position was organized by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and the Tokugawa government in the early modern period.
- 明治後期、被差別部落に生まれた主人公・瀬川丑松は、その生い立ちと身分を隠して生きよ、と父より戒めを受けて育った。
- In the late Meiji period, the main character Ushimatsu SEGAWA, born into a buraku community, grew up under his father's commandment to keep his birth and social status concealed all his life.
- 防衛大臣は、第一項の指定に係る施設の使用の条件について、特定の使用者に対し、不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- The Minister of Defense shall not condone any unfair and discriminatory treatment of any users concerning use conditions of the facilities pertaining to the designation under paragraph (1).
- 特定の人種集団に属す人により運転される車両を止め、捜査を行う(嫌疑のかかっている)警官の方針からなる人種差別の形
- a form of racism consisting of the (alleged) policy of policemen who stop and search vehicles driven by persons belonging to particular racial groups
- また東洋人であることでいわれなき人種差別を受け傷心し、研究が進まない苛立ちも重なったのか、何度も下宿を転々とする。
- He changed his boarding house frequently because he was hurt by racial discrimination as an Oriental person for nothing, which might have been accompanied by frustration in his study.
- 1,300年来の伝統を守るべきだとする意見がある一方で、女人禁制は女性に対する差別であるとして反発する動きもある。
- Although there are those who see this as the upholding of 1,300 year old tradition, there is also opposition against what is seen as discrimination against women.
- 米国の心理学者(パナマ生まれ)で、その研究で人種別学校は差別だったと最高裁判所を説き伏せた(1914年−2005年)
- United States psychologist (born in Panama) whose research persuaded the Supreme Court that segregated schools were discriminatory (1914-2005)
- しかし、一方で障害者差別に繋がるという主張があるが、だるまに関する正確な知識が流布していないことによる思い違いである。
- On the other hand, however, there is a claim that the practice of making daruma without eyes is discriminatory against the blind, which could be said to be a misconception resulting from a lack of accurate knowledge about daruma dolls.
- あなたがたは、自分たちの間で差別立てをし、よからぬ考えで人をさばく者になったわけではないか。 (ヤコブの手紙 2:4)
- haven't you shown partiality among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts? (James 2:4)
- 米国の市民権リーダーで、彼の大学履修登録が伝統的に人種差別のあるミシシッピー州で暴動を引き起こした(1933年生まれ)
- United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)
- 彼らは城下に住み藩主から俸禄を貰っていた武士である藩士とは明確に区別され、また一段下の身分として差別されることもあった。
- Country samurai were clearly distinguished from the feudal retainers living in a castle town and recieving salary from the lord, and sometimes discriminated as a lower-rank samurai.
- その後彼等は奇兵隊に組み入れられる事となったが、これを機に長州藩は差別撤廃政策を敷くという抜本的政策を断行したのである。
- They were incorporated into the member of Kiheitai Army later on which was the cause of abolition of discrimination that was the drastic policy Choshu Domain put into force.
- しかし従来彼らを差別してきた他の民衆の中にはこれに反発するものがあり、一揆をなして被差別部落民を襲撃する事件を起こした。
- However some of those people who had discriminated them rebelled against this movement, and they caused incidents of raids on Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) through uprisings.
- 不正を行う者は、自分の行った不正に対して報いを受けるであろう。それには差別扱いはない。 (コロサイ人への手紙 3:25)
- But he who does wrong will receive again for the wrong that he has done, and there is no partiality. (Colossians 3:25)
- 黒人の人種差別に抗議する運動を行った米国のカリスマ的な市民権リーダーでありバプティスト派の牧師(1929年−1968年)
- United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)
- 女性と少数民族に対する過去の差別に対して、経済的そして教育的機会を改善するという手段によって賠償することを目的とする政策
- a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
- 特に身分差別に苦しんだ朝鮮民衆は緒戦の混乱に乗じて官庁や被差別身分を示す書類を焼き払った例が朝鮮側資料により知られている。
- It is known from materials in Korea that Korean common people who suffered from class discrimination set fire to governmental offices and documents on discriminated classes.
- また、キリスト教のように霊魂の不滅を信じたり、日本の神道のように祖霊を信ずる異教徒に対する差別が現在でも根深く存している。
- Furthermore, discrimination still deeply exists--even nowadays--toward the heretics who believe in the immortality of the spirit, such as in Christianity, and who believe in the spirits of ancestors, such as in Japanese Shinto.
- 特に新渡戸はキリスト教徒の多いアメリカの現実、拝金主義や人種差別に衝撃をうけ同時にキリスト者の倫理観の高さに感銘を受けた。
- Especially Nidobe was struck by the realty of America where many Christians lived, such as mammonism and racism and were also impressed by the ethics of the Christians.
- 1959年、人種差別批判をテーマにした『キクとイサム』は、黒人との混血の姉弟と、彼らを引き取って育てる老婆の交流を描いた。
- In 'Kiku to Isamu' (Kiku and Isamu), a film including condemnation of racism as a theme, he portrayed the close interaction between the half Black and half Japanese sister and brother and the old woman who took in and raised them.
- これ以前の日本にも、邪馬台国の奴婢制や奈良時代の五色の賤など、身分差別は存在したが、それは賤視(下へ見下す見方)であった。
- Before that time, there also was a caste system in Japan such as Nuhi system in Yamatai-Koku kingdom and Goshiki no sen (Ryoko, Kanko, Kenin, Kunuhi, Shinuhi) in the Nara period, and was a way of exhibiting disdain (a way of looking down.)
- まず、法相宗は解深密経などを根拠として五性各別を説き、そもそも衆生には差別があり誰でもがすぐに成仏できるものではないとした。
- First of all, the Hosso sect preached goshokakubetsu (five natures distinction) based on the Gejinmitsu-kyo Sutra, and established a theory that there are distinctions among the people and not everyone is soon able to become a Buddha.
- 事実、現在の差別問題に関する認識、見解、解放運動のベクトルは様々で、この問題のある一定以上の捉え方は非常に難しいものである。
- In fact, the perspectives regarding those recognition, opinion, liberation movements toward this particular discrimination issue varry so much that it is extremely difficult to go beyond the basic grasp of the matter.
- 保護施設は、要保護者の入所又は処遇に当たり、人種、信条、社会的身分又は門地により、差別的又は優先的な取扱いをしてはならない。
- A public assistance facility may not give discriminatory or preferential treatment depending on race, beliefs, social status or family status when admitting or treating a person requiring public assistance.
- 社会的に不利な条件下におかれている、または差別の対象とされる人々を排除する、過小評価する、あるいは侮辱するとされる行動の回避
- avoidance of expressions or actions that can be perceived to exclude or marginalize or insult people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against
- 使用者は、労働者の国籍、信条又は社会的身分を理由として、賃金、労働時間その他の労働条件について、差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- An employer shall not engage in discriminatory treatment with respect to wages, working hours or other working conditions by reason of the nationality, creed or social status of any worker.
- すべて国民は、この法律の定める要件を満たす限り、この法律による保護(以下「保護」という。)を、無差別平等に受けることができる。
- All citizens may receive public assistance under this Act (hereinafter referred to as "public assistance") in a nondiscriminatory and equal manner as long as they satisfy the requirements prescribed by this Act.
- 経済的身分と個人間の差別という概念は、所有の点であれ快適さの点であれ、全くというわけではないが、ほとんど中断したままであった。
- Notions of economic rank and discrimination between persons, whether in point of possessions or in point of comfort, are almost, if not altogether, in abeyance.
- 社員の資格の得喪に関して、当該法人の目的に照らし、不当に差別的な取扱いをする条件その他の不当な条件を付していないものであること。
- It does not attach any unreasonably discriminatory conditions for treatment, or any other unreasonable conditions, for the acquisition or loss of qualification of members in the light of the purpose of the juridical person in question.
- 食肉を採取した後の廃棄物を原料として作られるため、従来は屠畜業に携わる者の多い被差別部落民の間でのみ密かに生産・消費されてきた。
- Since aburakasu is prepared by using waste obtained after taking meat out of livestock animals, it was conventionally produced and consumed secretly only among burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast groups), many of whom were engaged in the butchery trade.
- 春章は、容貌を役者によって差別化しない鳥居派の役者絵とは異なる、写実的で、ブロマイド的な役者似顔絵を完成させ、大衆に支持された。
- Shunsho established realistic art of kabuki actor portraits different from those by artists of the Torii school, who applied the same drawing style to every actor's portrait, and Shunsho's prints were widely accepted by the public.
- 土佐藩では上士と郷士の間では厳然たる差別が徹底され、たとえば足袋や下駄、日傘の着用は上士にしか認められないなど多岐に渡っていた。
- In the Tosa Domain, a strict distinction between Joshi and Goshi was rigidly maintained; the spectrum of distinction ranged widely such that only Joshi was allowed to wear Tabi (split-toe socks), Geta (a Japanese wooden clog), and Higasa (a parasol).
- 社会的に不利な立場におかれているまたは差別の対象になっている集団を除外する、疎外するあるいは侮辱すると考えられる表現、行為の使用
- the use of expressions or actions that can be perceived to exclude or marginalize or insult groups who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against
- 「日本人と対等に扱う政策であった」との擁護論があるが、日本人化するという発想自体が日本人を優位と見るものであり、差別の証拠である。
- There is a theory that advocates it as a 'policy treating them equally to the Japanese' but the concept of Japanization itself considers Japanese being superior, presenting an evidence of discrimination.
- すべて国民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分又は門地により、政治的、経済的又は社会的関係において、差別されない。
- All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
- 陰性の梅雨を女梅雨(おんなづゆ)、陽性の梅雨を男梅雨(おとこづゆ)とも呼ぶが、性差別的な表現であるとされ、近年ではあまり使われない。
- Negative baiu is called also 'onnazuyu' (literally, 'female baiu'), and positive baiu 'otokozuyu' (literally, 'male baiu'), but they are seldom used in recent year as such expressions are deemed as discrimination by sex.
- 近年、中世の河原者の居住地と、近世の被差別民の居住地が重なる例が京都や奈良を中心に報告され、部落の起源論争の大きな焦点となっている。
- Cases have been reported mainly in Kyoto and Nara, in which the domicile of the Kawaramono in the Medieval Period coincided with those who were discriminated in modern times, while reported cases focused on the controversy of the origin of Buraku (discriminated hamlet).
- 神社本庁およびその配下の神社で用いられる大祓詞では、国つ罪に差別的な表現があるとして、天つ罪・国つ罪の罪名の部分はカットされている。
- In Oharae no kotoba used by Jinja Honcho (Association of Shinto Shrines) and its subordinate shrines, the names of crimes in Amatsu tsumi and Kunitsu tsumi have been omitted because Kunitsu tsumi include discriminatory expressions.
- すべて國民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信條、性別、社會的身分又は門地により、政治的、經濟的又は社會的關係において、差別されない。
- All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
- 当然、中には「白丁だって人間だ」と主張して、解放運動を行う者もいたが、その運動家までもが「新白丁」として差別を被る事となってしまった。
- Naturally, some people insisted that 'hakucho is also human' and waged the freedom movement, however, as a result, they also suffered from discrimination as 'new hakucho'.
- 高麗に帰化した中央アジア系民族のタタール人が政治の混乱に乗じて略奪を繰り返し、差別を受けるようになったのが白丁の起源であるとされている。
- It is believed that hakucho was originated from Tatar of Central Asia who naturalized in Goryeo and faced discrimination since they repeatedly pillaged in the political confusion.
- 暴力、圧迫、不正、人種主義、性差別、その他あまり芳しくない人間行動によって、我々が今送っているような生活が形成されてきたのかもしれない。
- Violence, oppression, injustice, racism, sexism and other unsavory patterns of human behavior may have allowed us to enjoy the lives we now live.
- 性差別の問題、一切において平等という教義の問題から女性に、「尼」の字をつけない場合がある(本願寺派では現在、得度式・帰敬式には用いない)。
- The character '尼' is sometimes not used for females in consideration of the doctrine which is supposed to be totally equal in terms of gender (now, it is not used in Tokudo-shiki and Okamisori in Hongan-ji school).
- 人口100万人とは、幕府による調査が行われていない武家や神官・僧侶などの寺社方、被差別階級などの統計で除外された人口を加えた推計値である。
- 'One million people' is an approximate figure based on the retroactive inclusion of several elements of society such as the samurai households, Jisha-gata (those working for shrines and temples including Shinto priests and Buddhist monks), and ostracized castes who were not included in the original population census.
- 明治日本の「文明」日本という自己表象に、西欧列強との同化願望があったことは否定できず、その点で差別主義的であったことは夙に指摘されている。
- It is not to be denied that Japan in Meiji period, which represented itself as being 'civilized', desired to assimilate into the powerful countries of Western Europe, and it has been pointed out that this attitude was discriminatory.
- だが、朝鮮半島においても、牛馬の解体・皮革産業に従事する被差別民「白丁」が存在し、中世ドイツでも焚書を牛馬の解体場で行うなどの例があった。
- There were discriminated people called 'Hakucho' (inferior servants) in Korean Peninsula who were engaged in slaughtering cows and horses and leather industry, and in medieval Germany, there were cases in which books were burnt in a slaughterhouse of cows and horses.
- 前三号に係る施策を実施するに当たっては、肝炎患者等の人権が尊重され、肝炎患者等であることを理由に差別されないように配慮するものとすること。
- to give sufficient consideration, in implementing the measures listed in items (i) to (iii), to respect for the human rights of hepatitis patients, etc. and to ensuring that such patients, etc. are not discriminated against;
- わたしの言う意味は、こうである。相続人が子供である間は、全財産の持ち主でありながら、僕となんの差別もなく、 (ガラテヤ人への手紙 4:1)
- But I say that so long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a bondservant, though he is lord of all; (Galatians 4:1)
- 1989年(平成元年)には森山真弓官房長官が総理大臣賜杯授与を行いたいと明言したが相撲協会が拒否しこの際には女性差別問題を含め議論を呼んだ。
- In 1989, although chief cabinet secretary Mayumi MORIYAMA expressed her intention to present the prime minister's cup on behalf of the prime minister on the dohyo, the Japan Sumo Association rejected her proposal, causing fierce debate on discrimination against women.
- 他の食品と同じように商品の多機能化と差別化が行われ、単に素材の違いだけでなく、出汁入りのものやカルシウムなどを添加したものが販売されている。
- Like other food products, miso came to be equipped with multifunction and differentiation from others; in addition to the difference of ingredients, soup stock, calcium and so on are added to miso for sale.
- ドイツ人と日本人の間に生まれた女児として、当時では稀なmixed(ミックス)であったので差別を受けながらも宇和島藩主伊達宗城から厚遇された。
- Although she suffered discrimination, as she was a female child born between a German and a Japanese and one of the very few mixed children at that time, she received a good treatment of the lord of Uwajima Domain, Munenari DATE.
- さいぼしと並ぶ被差別部落の伝統食であり幻の食材であったが、差別や偏見が解消されるにつれ、その独特の風味が一般にも広く知られるようになってきた。
- Although aburakasu, as well as saiboshi (smoked horse meat), was a traditional foodstuff for burakumin but rarely available to the general public, its distinct taste has come to be widely known to the general public as discrimination and prejudice against burakumin have faded away.
- 大戦後の1919年、パリ講和会議で利害が対立し、とりわけ、国際連盟規約起草における日本の人種的差別撤廃提案が否決されたことは禍根として残った。
- In 1919 after the world war, the interests of both parties clashed in the Paris Peace Conference, creating a problem for the future especially by the rejection of Japan's proposal for abolition of racial discrimination in the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
- 日系アメリカ人は当初から偏見と差別に苦しむことが多く、生活も苦しかったが、汗水流して働き、教育熱心で、よきアメリカ市民になろうと努力していた。
- From early on, Japanese Americans often suffered from prejudice and discrimination, leading difficult lives, but they have worked hard and educated themselves well in order to be good American citizens.
- 両議院の議員及びその選挙人の資格は、法律でこれを定める。但し、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地、教育、財産又は収入によつて差別してはならない。
- The qualifications of members of both Houses and their electors shall be fixed by law. However, there shall be no discrimination because of race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income.
- 李氏朝鮮は階級差別と搾取によって農民が春窮と呼ばれる毎年春に飢える状況が常態となっているほど生産性の低い統治を行っており、国土開発を怠っていた。
- Productivity of governance by Yi Dynasty Korea was so low that such situations called shunkyu (literally, poverty in springtime) in which farmers starved in the spring time because of class discrimination and exploitation and national land development was neglected.
- だが、たとえば清の兵士をブタになぞらえた論説など、差別主義的内容のものは、石河の論説であり、全集編纂時に、福澤のものと偽って収録したのだという。
- Discriminatory remarks such as the article, in which the Qing soldiers are called swans, were written by ISHIKAWA, who compiled the articles under the name of FUKUZAWA in 'Fukuzawa zenshu.'
- 小田原太郎左衛門は後北条氏より出された証文を根拠に引き続き被差別民の支配権を主張したが、徳川家康は証文を没収し、代わって弾左衛門に与えたという。
- It is said that Tarozaemon living in Odawara appealed the right to continuously controlling the hisabetsumin on the ground of a certificate issued by the Gohojo clan, but Ieyasu TOKUGAWA lift the certificate that Tarozaemon had, and instead, he issued a certificate of authorization to Danzaemon.
- 兩議院の議員及びその選擧人の資格は、法律でこれを定める。但し、人種、信條、性別、社會的身分、門地、敎育、財產又は收入によつて差別してはならない。
- The qualifications of members of both Houses and their electors shall be fixed by law. However, there shall be no discrimination because of race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income.
- 兩議院の議員及びその選擧人の資格は、法律でこれを定める。但し、人種、信條、性別、社會的身分、門地、教育、財産又は收入によつて差別してはならない。
- The qualifications of members of both Houses and their electors shall be fixed by law. However, there shall be no discrimination because of race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income.
- 後に、中国天台宗の湛然は、『法華経』提婆達多品での竜女成仏を論じる際に、『菩薩処胎経』諸仏行斉無差別品にある即身成仏と結びつけ、速疾頓成を説いた。
- Tannen of Chinese Tendai sect later preached Sokushitsutonjo, when he mentioned Ryunyo-Jobutsu (the legend of the Dragon King's daughter who transformed herself into a man in the process of becoming a Buddha, because women could not become a Buddha) in Daibadatta-bon (Chapter on 'Devadatta,' the 12th chapter of Hoke-kyo (the Lotus Sutra)) of 'Hoke-kyo Sutra,' by connecting it to Sokushin-Jobutsu (attaining Buddhahood while still in the flesh) in 諸仏行斉無差別品 of 'Bosatsu Shotaikyo (The Bodhisattva Womb Sutra)'.
- 土佐藩における郷士は武士とはいえ、他藩に比べると徹底した差別下にあったため土佐藩上士とは同じ藩士とはいえ潜在的には対立、敵対関係にあったとされる。
- Whilst it can be said the goshi from Tosa domain were samurai, they suffered from systematic discrimination compared to other domains resulting in a situation where although the upper samurai ranks of Tosa were domain samurai all the same, there was latent confrontation and antagonism.
- また現実の農業従事者は必ずしも百姓という呼称を差別的だととらえているとは限らず、むしろ一部の篤農家は自らを誇ってあえて百姓と自称する向きも見られる。
- It is not always true that actual agriculture workers considered the term 'hyakusho' as discriminatory, and some practical farmers who are proud of themselves, call themselves hyakusho.
- 特に、北米、及び南米へ移民した日系人の中には、第二次世界大戦中に日系人の強制収容をされたり、戦後暫くも激しい民族差別を受ける立場にあった者が多かった。
- Many of the Japanese who immigrated to North and South America were sent to concentration camps during World War II and many suffered severe discrimination for a short while even after the war.
- 戦国時代 (日本)は小田原近在の山王原の太郎左衛門が関東の被差別民の有力者であり、弾左衛門は鎌倉近在の由比ヶ浜界隈の有力者に過ぎなかったとされている。
- It is said that during the Sengoku period (the period of warring states), a person called Tarozaemon living in Sannobara in the vicinity of Odawara City exercised the power over the hisabetsumin in the Kanto region, while Danzaemon was no more than a influential figure in a limited area around Yuigahama near Kamakura City.
- 被差別部落の解消が幕末期から明治初期にかけて行われた上、本来なら天皇制と相容れないはずの解放政策が尊皇論と共存していたという極めて特殊な事例ではあった。
- It was an extremely special case that the buraku (hamlet)-elimination policy was put into effect from the end of Edo period through the early Meiji period and sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) coexisted with the buraku-liberation policy that was supposed be incompatible with Emperor system.
- 1988年 ロナルド・レーガン大統領が『市民自由法』に署名し、人種差別に基づく日系人強制収容の事実の謝罪と一人につき2万ドルの補償をおこなうことを決定。
- In 1988, Ronald REAGAN signed the 'Civil Liberties Act,' deciding to apologize for the Japanese American Internment based on racial discrimination and to grant the survivors 20,000 dollars per person in compensation.
- 身分的には被差別階層であったが、皮革加工や燈芯(行灯などの火を点す芯)・竹細工等の製造販売に対して独占的な支配を許され、多大な資金を擁して権勢を誇った。
- Although the family belonged to one of the discriminated classes as ever, it was allowed to monopolize the production and distribution of leather goods, toshin (wicks used for paper shade lanterns) and bamboo works, gripping a great reign of power with great funds.
- 幕末に活躍した第13代弾左衛門は、長州征伐や鳥羽伏見の戦いで幕府に協力した功労によって、1868年1月に配下65名とともに被差別民から平民に取立てられた。
- Danzaemon, the 13th, who played an active role at the end of bakufu was raised from the outcaste hisabetsumin to the common citizen along with his 65 subordinates in January 1868 for his distinguished cooperation for the bakufu in the Choshu Conquest and the Battle of Toba and Fushimi.
- ユダヤ人とギリシヤ人との差別はない。同一の主が万民の主であって、彼を呼び求めるすべての人を豊かに恵んで下さるからである。 (ローマ人への手紙 10:12)
- For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, and is rich to all who call on him. (Romans 10:12)
- それは、イエス・キリストを信じる信仰による神の義であって、すべて信じる人に与えられるものである。そこにはなんらの差別もない。 (ローマ人への手紙 3:22)
- even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction, (Romans 3:22)
- 本土の空手は大日本武徳会において柔道の分類下におかれていたこともあり、差別化のために取手(トゥイティー)と呼ばれた柔術的な技法を取り除き、打撃技法に特化した。
- Karate, in the Japanese mainland, concentrated on a striking art by getting rid of the techniques called 'toutee,' which had characteristics similar to jujutsu, so as to differentiate karate from judo, partly because karate was classified as a variety of judo by the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai.
- 昭和43年(1968年)被差別部落民かどうかを探り出すためにこの戸籍が用いられようとした事件が発覚し、閲覧が禁止され、同年、公開さえも禁じられ封印保管された。
- An incident happened in 1968 where this family register was to be used to find out whether or not a person was from Burakumin, which caused reading it prohibited and in the same year even the public viewing itself came to be prohibited, resulting in the sealed storage.
- 今井は共産党員ながらもイデオロギーを尖鋭に推したてることはせず、戦争や差別や貧困など社会的テーマを掘り下げ、それに翻弄される弱者の姿を同情を込めて美しく描いた。
- Although he was a member of the Japanese Communist Party, Imai did not press its ideology; instead, he delved into social issues such as war, discrimination and poverty, and beautifully filmed the weak at the mercy of these conditions with compassion.
- フェッジウィッグ夫妻は入口の両側に一人ずつ陣取って、誰彼の差別なく男が出て行けば男、女が出て行けば女と云うように、一人々々握手を交して、聖降誕祭の祝儀を述べた。
- Mr and Mrs Fezziwig took their stations, one on either side of the door, and shaking hands with every person individually as he or she went out, wished him or her a Merry Christmas.
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国は、「社会主義社会の下では、白丁問題は既に解決している」と回答しているが、実際には韓国の大統領を「人間白丁」と罵るように、差別意識は根強い。
- Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) says that 'Under the socialism, hakucho issue has already been solved' however, the sense of discrimination is persistent as they accused the president of Republic of Korea of being 'Human hakucho'.
- 「有色人種の小国が白人の大国に勝ったという前例のない事実が、アジアやアフリカの植民地になっていた地域の独立の気概に弾みをつけたり人種差別下にあった人々を勇気付けた」
- The unprecedented victory of a small country of yellow people over a large country of white people has galvanized the spirit of people seeking independence across the colonies throughout Asia and Africa.'
- 江戸時代以降、大坂市街地の南にかつて「渡辺村」と呼ばれた被差別部落民の集落があり皮革製造、太鼓製造などを行ってきたが、ここも本来の渡辺津の場所からはかなり離れている。
- After the Edo period, on the south of the urban area of Osaka City, there was a settlement of Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) called 'Watanabe-mura Village,' manufacturing leather, drums and such, and this place also was a good distance from the location where Watanabe no tsu used to be.
- それゆえ、主なる神はこう言われる、わざわいなるかな、流血の町、さびているかま。そのさびはこれを離れない。肉をひとつびとつ無差別に取り出せ。 (エゼキエル書 24:6)
- Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: Woe to the bloody city, to the caldron whose rust is therein, and whose rust is not gone out of it! take out of it piece after piece; No lot is fallen on it. (Ezekiel 24:6)
- 非人(ひにん)は、主に、(1)日本中世の特定職能民・芸能民の呼称であり、次第に被差別民の呼称となり、(2)江戸時代には、穢多(えた、長吏)とともに賎民身分の呼称である。
- The term Hinin is used to describe mainly (1) persons who worked in special occupations or as entertainers in feudal Japan; however they gradually became victims of discrimination, and (2) in the Edo Period, Hinin as well as Eta (Chori) were described as people of the lower classes.
- 一君万民論(いっくんばんみんろん)はただ一人の君主にのみ生来の権威・権限を認め、その他の臣下・人民の間には原則として一切の差別・身分差を認めないとする思想・主張である。
- Ikkunbanmin-ron is a theory in which constitutional authority is given to only one ruler, and under this sovereignty any discrimination and distinction from social status shold not be allowed among all other people.
- 悪役の髭の意休は、1709年に死去した弾左衛門集誓をモデルにしたと言われている(特に初期の公演では、意休が被差別部落の人間であることがはっきり分かる描写があったという)。
- Hige no Ikyu (literally, 'Mustache Ikyu'), a male villain in the play is said to have been modeled after Danzaemon Shusei (集誓) who died in 1709 (it is said that the first performance clearly portrayed Ikyu as a personality from the discriminated community called Buraku).
- 弾左衛門は支配地内の配下は勿論のこと、関東近国の天領の被差別民についても裁判権を持っており、罪を犯したものは屋敷内の白州で裁きを受け、屋敷内に設けられた牢屋に入れられた。
- Danzaemon had jurisdiction not only over the subordinates within the ruling area but the hisabetsumin living in the tenryo (shogunal demesnes) in the provinces around the Kanto region, and those who committed crimes were tried by a private court called 'shirasu' (literally the white sandbar) set up in the premise, and locked up in a prison also constructed within the premise.
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- 特徴としては古くからの仕来りを遵守する傾向があり、それに異を唱えるものや遵守しない者に対しては本人や肉親、更にその者に関わったものまで異端者扱いし、差別を行なうことがある。
- One of the major characteristics is that people tend to prioritize old rules, which results in discriminating those who object or breach such rules by regarding them as mavericks, including their relatives and even persons having close relationships with them.
- 幕府から関八州(水戸藩、喜連川藩、日光東照宮等を除く)・伊豆国全域、及び甲斐国郡内地方・駿河国駿東郡・陸奥国白川郡・三河国設楽郡の一部の被差別民を統轄する権限を与えられた。
- The person who succeeded to the hereditary name 'Danzaemon' was given the authority to supervise the hisabetsumin living in the discriminated communities located in the eight provinces of the Kanto region (excluding Mito Domain, Kitsuregawa Domain, Nikko Toshogu shrine, etc.), the entire area of Izu Province, a well as in a part of the Gunnai area of Kai Province, Sunto District of Suruga Province, Shirakawa District of Mutsu Province and Shirata District of Mikawa Province.
- 各地にくすぶりを残しこの課題(以前からの山内家家臣を上士、旧長宗我部氏の家臣を郷士とした差別的扱い)は次代から幕末になるまで引き継がれ坂本龍馬などの人物が生まれることになる。
- This left problems throughout the province, and this issue of former Yamauchi family vassals being in higher positions and former Chosokabe clan vassals being discriminated against as country samurai continued until the end of the Edo period, ultimately leading to the birth of people such as Ryoma SAKAMOTO.
- 何人も、損害の救済、公務員の罷免、法律、命令又は規則の制定、廃止又は改正その他の事項に関し、平穏に請願する権利を有し、何人も、かかる請願をしたためにいかなる差別待遇も受けない。
- Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition.
- この法律においては、労働者が性別により差別されることなく、また、女性労働者にあつては母性を尊重されつつ、充実した職業生活を営むことができるようにすることをその基本的理念とする。
- The basic principle of this Act is that workers be enabled to engage in full working lives, with respect for maternity in the case of women workers but without discrimination based on sex for all workers.
- 何人も、損害の救濟、公務員の罷免、法律、命令又は規則の制定、廢止又は改正その他の事項に關し、平穩に請願する權利を有し、何人も、かかる請願をしたためにいかなる差別待遇も受けない。
- Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition.
- この附属書12項の規定に従い、イーター機構は、事業資源管理規則の第Ⅲ.15条に沿って、イーター機構の加盟者の間で透明かつ無差別を基礎とした競争入札によって契約を結ぶものとする。
- Subject to the provisions of paragraph 12 of this Annex, the ITER Organization shall award contracts, in accordance with Article III.15 of the Project Resource Management Regulations, following competitive tenders on a basis of transparency and non-discrimination among the Members of the ITER Organization.
- 前の二教が空理のみを説くのに対し、空・仮・中の三諦を説くが、三諦は互いに融合せず、各々が隔たるので「隔歴の三諦」といい、一切の事物について差別のみが説かれて、融和を説いていない。
- While the above two teachings advocate only Kuri, it advocates the three axioms of Ku, Ke (or difference, a though that things exits temporally) and Chu (or totality) but as the three axioms are not united and separated, it is called 'Kakureki-no-sandai' (three separate axioms) and it advocates only discrimination, rather than harmonization, concerning all things.
- その為、不平両班や被差別階級、困窮した農民、盗賊による反乱、蜂起、及び朝鮮軍によるその鎮圧、また朝鮮王朝内部の政争による粛正や処刑などが行われ、混乱は戦災を更に悲惨なものとした。
- Therefore, revolts and uprising of discontented yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea), discriminated classes, impoverished farmers, and thieves occurred and got suppression by the Korean army during their cleanup and executions occurred out of struggles for power in the Korean court were conducted and the such turmoil created further misery in the midst of the war damage.
- 江戸時代に様々に差別されてきた穢多・非人などの身分及び呼称(とそれに伴う死牛馬取得権など)が1871年(明治4年)8月28日の太政官布告(解放令)で一挙に廃止されることになった。
- Such social status and naming as Eta and Hinin and the like (as well as acquisition rights of carcasses of beasts accompanying them) were to be abolished at once by Dajokan fukoku (proclamation of Kaiho Rei by Grand Council of State) on August 28, 1871.
- この法律(これに基づく命令を含む。)の規定により捕虜等に対して与えられる保護は、人種、国籍、宗教的又は政治的意見その他これに類する基準に基づく不当に差別的なものであってはならない。
- The protection to be given to prisoners of war and other detainees pursuant to the provision of this Act (including orders based on this Act) shall not be unjustly discriminative based on race, nationality, religious or political opinions or any other similar criteria.
- これら無差別のうえに種々の差別の事相があらわれるのは、『維摩経』に「心の浄きにしたがって仏土もまた浄し」とあり、心清浄ならば仏土も清浄、心が汚染なれば、国土も汚染 となるのである。
- In 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra), various differences appear with respect to the equality shown above, and it is said that 'if the heart is clean, the Buddha-land is clean also,' meaning that if a person's heart is clean, the Buddha-land is also clean, but if the person's heart is dirty, the land also is dirty.
- ユダヤ系のフランス人将校で、彼が1894年に反逆罪で不法監禁されたことが、1906年に釈放されるまでフランス政治を支配していたユダヤ人差別の問題を提起した(1859年−1935年)
- French army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-Semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)
- 罪の内容については、今日の「罪」の観念にあわないものが多く、差別的ととられかねないものもあることから、神社本庁の大祓詞では罪名の列挙を省略して単に「天津罪・国津罪」とだけ言っている。
- Because many of these sins don't fit today's concept of 'sin' and some may be considered as discriminatory, the Jinja-Honcho's words of purification only cites 'amatsu-tsumi and kunitsu-tsumi' without mentioning the names of sins.
- しかし最近は、上槽した年の秋を待たず6月より前に出荷する酒に「新酒」というラベルを貼って、ひやおろしから差別化して新鮮さをアピールする酒が増えたために、「新酒」の定義に混乱が生じつつある。
- Recently, however, there is some confusion about the definition of shinshu because of the increase of sake which is shipped before June without waiting for the autumn in the year of joso labeling it as 'shinshu' to discriminate with hiyaoroshi (refer to definition below).
- 奴隷としての賤民は早い時代に消滅したが、被差別階級としての賤民(いわゆる“穢多”“非人”)が中世の頃から顕著に見られ始め、近世を通じて存続し、明治4年(1871年)の解放令まで残っていた。
- Senmin as a slave disappeared in an early period, but Senmin as a discriminated class (so-called 'Eta' [one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system, people whose work usually involved handling human bodies or animal carcasses] and 'Hinin' [one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system, often ex-convicts or vagrants]) started appearing obviously in the medieval period, survived throughout the early-modern times, and existed until Kaiho Rei (Emancipation Edict) was promulgated in 1871.
- 死刑執行人は被差別民として扱われていた国が多く、就業や婚姻において強い差別を受けていたため、特定の一族以外が死刑執行人の職に就くことを妨げられていたことが世襲が常態化した理由だと言われている。
- In many countries an executioner was victimized by society and strongly discriminated against in terms of jobs or marriage; therefore the role of executioner was usually limited to a specific social group or clan, and it is said that this is a reason for normalizing heredity.
- 士農工商の下には、古くからあった穢多、非人と呼ばれる被差別階級があり、かれらは人の嫌がる仕事(刑死執行人・掃除など)を与えられ、その上、幕藩体制維持のために諸大名より差別政策の犠牲者となった。
- Under the hierarchy of samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants (shinokosho), there were discriminated classes called eta and hinin for a long time, and they were given duties which other people were unwilling to do (such as executioners, cleaning), and moreover, they became victims of discrimination policies enacted by feudal lords in order to maintain the shogunate system.
- 仮に、特別な訓令により無差別に首級を取る事が手柄とみなされる場合があったとしても、合戦の後に不正が発生しないように、皆の前で大将あるいは大将に任命された役人が敵の遺骸から公明に斬り分けたりした。
- For example, even if cutting heads indiscriminately was supposed to be achievement by a special order, in order to prevent dishonest incidence after the battle, the general or an officer appointed by the general openly cut the body of enemies in front of everyone.
- 外地での帝国大学設立は、外地での民族自決を抑え込む意味合いがあったものの、学部数や定員は限定され、また、教授陣は日本人、かつ、学生の多くも日本人であったため、民族差別を訴える民族系新聞もあった。
- Establishment of the Imperial Universities in the foreign parts had implications of suppressing nationalism there, but the numbers of departments and students were limited, professors and most students were Japanese and some national newspaper criticized racial discrimination.
- 上記のように、穢れは元々仏教により日本にもたらされた観念であるが、次第に天皇を神聖視する神道の考えと結びつき、被差別民は神聖な天皇の対極に位置する穢れた民と見なされるようになったという説がある。
- There is a theory that though Kegare was a notion which had been originally brought into Japan with Buddhism as mentioned above, it was gradually syncretized with the concept of Shinto in which the Emperor was seen as holy, and as a result, the discriminated were thought to be Kegare people who were at the opposite end of the Emperor.
- そこには、もはやギリシヤ人とユダヤ人、割礼と無割礼、未開の人、スクテヤ人、奴隷、自由人の差別はない。キリストがすべてであり、すべてのもののうちにいますのである。 (コロサイ人への手紙 3:11)
- where there can't be Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bondservant, freeman; but Christ is all, and in all. (Colossians 3:11)
- このとき被差別部落民は賎民解放令に基づき、平民として編入されたが、一部地域の戸籍には新平民や、穢多、非人等と記載されたり等、差別は色濃く残った(一部は明治19年式戸籍や身分登記簿にも登載された)。
- Although Burakumin (modern-day descendants of Japan's feudal outcast group) was then registered as commoners based on the Lowly People Liberation Law, they were registered as new commoners, Eta (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system (people whose work usually involved handling human bodies or animal carcasses)), Hinin (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system (often ex-convicts or vagrants)), etc., in the family register of certain areas, leaving a strong sense of discrimination (a part of which was also registered in the family register or the social status registration of 1886).
- ここで論壇に登場した女性解放思想家山川菊栄は、保護(平塚)か経済的自立(与謝野)かの対立に、婦人運動の歴史的文脈を明らかにし、差別のない社会でしか婦人の解放はありえないと社会主義の立場で整理した。
- Here a women's liberation activist Kikue YAMAKAWA participated in this dispute of protection (Hiratsuka) versus financial independence (Yosano) by clarifying the historical context of feminist movement and arguing logically from a socialist viewpoint that women's liberation could be achieved only in a society without discrimination.
- すべて国民は、この法律の適用について、平等に取り扱われ、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地又は第三十八条第五号に規定する場合を除くの外政治的意見若しくは政治的所属関係によつて、差別されてはならない。
- In the application of this Act, all citizens shall be accorded equal treatment and shall not be discriminated against by reason of race, religious faith, sex, social status, family origin, or political opinions or affiliation except as provided for in item 5 of Article 38.
- ただし、坂本や中岡にとっては、恨みの対象は徳川家ではなく、上士・郷士という差別を生み出した幕藩体制そのものにあり、彼らは怨恨を越えて後藤象二郎、板垣退助といった上士と手を組み、幕府に大政奉還を促した。
- However, for Sakamoto and Nakaoka the target of their hard feelings was not the Tokugawa family but the bakuhan system, which had given birth to the discrimination between the Joshi and Goshi; they conquered such feelings and cooperated with Joshi such as Shojiro GOTO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, etc., and urged Bakufu to restore imperial rule.
- 肉 - 明治以前は、被差別民やアイヌなどを除いて、一般に哺乳動物の肉を食べる習慣はなかったとされるが、猪肉などを薬として食べたり、山間部に住む人々が狩猟によって捕まえた動物を食べることはしばしばあった。
- Meat: It is said that, before the Meiji period, Japanese except for discriminated people and the Ainu tribe, had no custom of eating meat, but meat of wild boars was eaten as a drug and people living in mountainous areas often ate the animals they hunted.
- そして高等教育機関進学や官吏登用では制度的に差別された上、日本人の間には台湾人に対する差別意識も存在しており、それを解消すべく戦時中には皇民化政策により日本人との同化が義務化されるなどの政策が行われた。
- Systematic discrimination existed in the admission to higher educational institutions or for governmental employment and Japanese had a sense of discrimination against Taiwanese, so the government conducted the kominka policy to oblige them to assimilate to Japanese during the war.
- それは学校と大学におけるものでありますが、他の分野と同様に、我々の厳しい環境と我々の直面する挑戦、特にこの人種差別的な耐え難い占領に屈しないものであり、我々は地域全体において誇りと思えるものであります。
- in the schools and universities of which we can pride ourselves in the whole region, as well as in other fields despite our difficult circumstances and the challenges that we face, especially from this racist and oppressive occupation.
- だが、一定の年齢に達すれば上の階層に上がる事ができる制度などもあり、穢れなどを理由に武士、百姓、町人などと隔絶した一種の身分外身分と言える扱いを受けた江戸時代の被差別民の身分ほど固定されたものではなかった。
- However there was a system in place which allowed them to rise to a higher status once they reached a certain age; therefore, their status was not as tightly fixed as those who were discriminated in the Edo period who were treated as a kind of outcast segregated from samurai, farmers, and townsmen for their filth.
- 国民は、肝炎に関する正しい知識を持ち、肝炎患者等が肝炎患者等であることを理由に差別されないように配慮するとともに、肝炎の予防に必要な注意を払うよう努め、必要に応じ、肝炎検査を受けるよう努めなければならない。
- Citizens shall strive to possess correct information about hepatitis, give sufficient consideration to ensure that the hepatitis patients, etc. are not discriminated against on the grounds that they are the hepatitis patients, etc., and be vigilant as necessary to prevent hepatitis and endeavor to undergo a hepatitis examination as necessary.
- これによって部落問題が差別から解放されたわけではなく、むしろ江戸時代に有していた所有地の無税扱や死牛馬取得権などの独占権を喪失した事、大木の構想した生活改善事業も行われなかった事により、部落の生活水準は下降した。
- This did not emancipate Buraku problem (issue of discrimination against certain hamlets) from discrimination, in reverse the living standard of those Buraku (hamlets) declined because Buraku people lost the exclusive rights of non tax treatment of their demesne and acquisition of carcasses that they had enjoyed since Edo period and the service of life bettering was not carried out which was planned by OKI.
- 『天皇制と部落差別』と題して鈴木良により採り上げられたことをきっかけとして、天皇を主軸とした国家権力による横暴の好例であるとの論旨をもって、部落問題の原因を天皇制に求めるうえでの重要議題として認知されるに至った。
- Being focused on under 'Tennosei to Buraku sabetsu' (Emperor system and Buraku discrimination) by Ryo SUZUKI, this problem became recognized as an important issue to attribute the cause of Buraku problem to the Emperor system, with the theory that it was a good example of domineeringness by the state power having the emperor at its center.
- 故に頼朝はそうした東国武士に対する求心力と、朝廷から受けた寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、将軍宣下など朝廷から与えられた特権を背景に、他の源氏一門と差別化し、頼朝の系統を嫡流とすることに成功することができたといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that Yoritomo succeeded in distinguishing himself from the other Minamoto families and making his own family lineage the direct descendant by using, as a background, this unifying power over the warriors of the eastern provinces as well as the privileges granted by the Imperial Court, such as Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to Minamoto no Yoritomo), Bunji Imperial Sanction and appointment to shogun by the Imperial Court.
- 経宗は後白河上皇に対して「太上天皇与正帝無差別」(『兵範記』嘉応元年(1169年)12月15日条)と表明して恭順の姿勢を示し、平氏に対しても平重盛の妻・藤原経子と重盛の子・平宗実を猶子とするなど親密な関係を築いた。
- Tsunemune showed a signal of allegiance to the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa saying 'There should be no difference between the retired emperor and the emperor' (Article for December 15, 1169 in 'Heihanki'(diary of TAIRA no Nobuyori)) and, with the Taira clan, he established a close connection, for example, by adopting TAIRA no Munezane, who was the son of TAIRA no Shigemori and his wife, FUJIWARA no Keishi.
- 公共職業安定所は、すべての利用者に対し、その申込の受理、面接、指導、紹介等の業務について人種、国籍、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地、従前の職業、労働組合の組合員であること等を理由として、差別的な取扱をしてはならない。
- The Public Employment Security Offices shall not discriminate any user of their businesses by reason of race, nationality, creed, sex, social status, family origin, previous profession, membership in a labor union, etc. in the course of operating their businesses such as the offer acceptance, interview, guidance, and placement, etc.
- イーター機構は、核融合の研究開発の目的のため、平等、無差別、取消不能、非排他性及び無償の原則に基づいて当該知的財産の実施権を加盟者に許諾する。当該実施権は、当該加盟者が自己の領域内において再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。
- Such intellectual property shall be licensed by the ITER Organization to the Members on an equal, non-discriminatory, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free basis, with the right of the Members to sublicense within their territory for the purpose of fusion research and development.
- 最初は港湾や軍需工場を狙ったものだったが、京阪神緩行線の沿線でも3月14日の大阪、3月17日の神戸両市の大空襲を皮切りに、B29から空母艦載機に至るまで、継戦能力の破壊と戦意喪失の両面から無差別攻撃が行なわれるようになった。
- The target of air raid was initially harbors and military works, but air raids were made on the area along the Keihanshin Local Line, including an air raid on Osaka on March 14 and on Kobe on March 17, by B29s and other carrier planes with the aim of destroying the ability to continue the war and depriving people of the will to fight.
- 民族運動の要求を一部受容し、運動を分裂・弱体化させることで安定的支配を構築することを目指したが、政策の基本は内地延長主義、すなわち同化主義であり、朝鮮と日本内地の制度的差別を縮小し、現地の不満を減少させ同化をはかるものである。
- They aimed to establish stable governance by accepting part of the demands of the nationalist movement so as to disrupt and weaken the movement, but the basis of their policy was mainland expansionism, or assimilation, in order to achieve integration by narrowing the system gap between Korea and the Japanese mainland and reducing dissatisfaction in the area.
- 当該特許権又は当該特許を受ける権利に係る発明に関する民間事業者への情報の提供において特定の民間事業者に対して不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないことその他当該事業を適正に行うに必要な業務の実施の方法が定められているものであること。
- The operation shall not be one which treats certain private business operators in an unjust discriminatory manner, in providing information concerning the invention pertaining to said patent right or the right to receive said patent to private business operators; and the operation shall be one whose methods of implementing the work required to carry out said operation properly are well-established.
- 第二次世界大戦中における日系人の強制収容など人種差別をもとにしたいくつもの障害があったものの、このことがやがて世代が変わるごとに、ゆっくりとではあっても確実に、日系人がアメリカ社会での地位を向上させていくことにつながっていった。
- This led to the enhancement of the position of Japanese Americans in American society as generations went by, despite various obstacles due to racial discrimination including the Japanese American internment during the World War II.
- この村は、神武陵の南手、ちょうど同陵を見下ろす場所に位置する、嘉永7年(1854年)の時点でおよそ120戸、大正9年(1920年)の時点でおよそ200戸を数えた、同陵墓の守戸―いわゆる墓守の集落と伝わる村で、被差別部落であった。
- This village was located on the south side of the mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu, just around the area overlooking the mausoleum, and it was a discriminated community which was said to be a hamlet for Shuko, so-called grave keepers, of this mausoleum, with approximately 120 households as of 1854 and over 200 households as of 1920.
- 近代国際法は「理念」として万国平等を謳いながら、現実では非西欧諸国を差別する国際秩序を支えており、こうした「理念」と現実との落差に対し、やがて失望とシニカルな感想、そして理念よりも国力を重視する姿勢が出てくることは自然であった。
- Under modern international law, the equality of nations was referred to as 'principle' but the thought supported international order that discriminated non-western Europe countries, therefore it was natural that some people were disappointed about the difference between the 'principle' and reality, became cynical and put more value on national power than principle.
- 中世日本(平安時代後期から室町時代・戦国時代 (日本))において存在していた被差別民が、中世社会の中でいかなる存在であったかについては、1980年代以降、網野善彦らによって急速に研究が進展しており、いまだその評価は確定していない。
- Research about the state of discriminated people who existed during medieval Japan (in the era from the latter half of the Heian period to the Muromachi period and the Sengoku Period - period of warring states in Japan) has rapidly progressed since the 1980s through efforts by Yoshihiko AMINO and others, but an evaluation has not been established yet.
- 我々はPNA設立に関して、その妨害、障害、そしてその前提条件に屈することなく、荒廃、破壊、収奪といった占領政策や入植地の建設、そしてあらゆる種類の人種差別政策によって荒された祖国の包括的建設プロセスをゼロからスタートしたのです。
- Despite the hindrances, obstacles and pre-conditions, we started, upon the establishment of the PNA, from zero a comprehensive process of onstruction of a homeland ravaged by the occupation into waste, destruction, confiscation and building of colonial settlements and with all kinds of racism.
- 般若寺の位置する奈良市街北方地域は、中世には当時「非人」と呼ばれて差別された病者・貧者などの住む地域であり、般若寺の近くには「北山十八間戸」(きたやまじゅうはちけんと、国の史跡)というハンセン病などの不治の病の人を収容する施設もあった。
- The northern region of Nara City where Hannya-ji Temple is was the area where the sick and the poor lived who were called 'hinin' (one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system) and discriminated during the medieval period, and near Hannya-ji Temple, there was an institution called 'Kitayama Ju Hachi Kento' (national historic site) that accommodated patients of incurable illnesses such as the Hansen's disease.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降は、貢納品の独占販売権を取得し座と同様の活動を行ったが、その特権の源泉であった天皇家の権威喪失とともに聖性を失い、一部には大商人として成功する者が出た反面、被差別民の起源のひとつともなったとする部落の起源論争もある。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Kugonin had obtained the exclusive sales rights of the presents and conducted activities similar to those of Za, however, they lost their holiness with the loss of the dignity of the Imperial Family, which was the source of their privileges, some of them succeeded as large-scale merchants, and it is disputed that they were the origin of buraku one of the origins of the discriminated people.
- その後20年にわたり台湾総督は同化政策を推進し、具体的な政策としては地方自治を拡大するための総督府評議会の設置、日台共学制度及び共婚法の公布、笞刑の撤廃、日本語学習の整備などその同化を促進し、台湾人への差別を減少させるための政策を実現した。
- The Governor-General of Taiwan promoted the assimilation policy for the next twenty years, policy which included an establishment of an elected advisory committee to expand autonomy, the introduction of non-segregation to educational institutions, an issuance of the intermarriage act, a demolishment of flogging as criminal punishment, encouraging the study of the Japanese language in order to promote assimilation as well as to decrease discrimination of Taiwanese.
- 職員は、国民全体の奉仕者であり、国民の一部に対してのみの奉仕者ではないことを自覚し、職務上知り得た情報について国民の一部に対してのみ有利な取扱いをする等国民に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならず、常に公正な職務の執行に当たらなければならない。
- Officials shall be conscious that they are public servants of all citizens and not just some citizens, shall not give unjust and discriminatory treatment to citizens such as handling information that is available in the course of duties for the mere benefit of only some citizens, and shall always execute the duties fairly.
- 一方、奴婢は自らの公認された自立的な共同体を持たず、個人別に良民や朝廷の所有物とされるなど、穢多頭に統率されるなどの形で一定の権利保障の基盤になる共同体組織の保持を保証された江戸時代の被差別民と比べると、権利保障の基盤は脆弱であったとも言える。
- On the other hand, nuhi did not have any official independent community for themselves and were individually treated as property of the Ryomin or the Imperial court; therefore, their basis to secure their rights was probably more fragile when compared to others who were discriminated in the Edo period who found some security in their communities headed by Etagashira (head of eta (discriminated people) which secured their rights.
- 自衛隊員は、国民全体の奉仕者であり、国民の一部に対してのみの奉仕者ではないことを自覚し、職務上知り得た情報について国民の一部に対してのみ有利な取扱いをする等国民に対し不当な差別的取扱いをしてはならず、常に公正な職務の執行に当たらなければならない。
- Self-defense forces personnel shall be conscious that they are public servants of all citizens and not just some citizens, shall not give unjust and discriminatory treatment to citizens such as handling information that is available in the course of duties for the mere benefit of only some citizens, and shall always execute the duties fairly.
- 都市を洗練、田舎を野卑とする古くからの観念とあいまって、戦後社会では百姓を農業に従事する者に対する差別的な呼称であると捉える傾向が生じ、このため農業従事者が '百姓' と自称する場合を除き、マスコミなどでは '百姓' という表現を控える事が多い。
- Combined with the conventional concept that cities were sophisticated whereas the countryside was vulgar, there was a tendency in the postwar society to recognize that the term 'hyakusho' was a discriminatory term with respect to agriculture workers and, thus, except for cases in which an agriculture worker calls himself or herself 'hyakusho,' use of the expression 'hyakusho' is often refrained in mass media and the like.
- 独立とその後の朝鮮戦争勃発による社会的混乱、工業化・民主化の過程での都市部への人口の移動によって、大韓民国の被差別階級は姿を消すこととなったが、現在もなお罵倒語として「白丁」(ペクチョン)「白丁野郎(ペッチョンノム)」という言葉が使われることがある。
- The discriminated class in the Republic of Korea had disappeared due to the social disorder by the independence and later outbreak of the Korean War and the flow of population to urban areas in the process of industrialization and democratization, however, still now 'Pekuchon' or 'Petchonnomu' are sometimes used as a swear word.
- 調査会又は工業標準に実質的な利害関係を有する者は、工業標準がすべての実質的な利害関係を有する者の意向を反映し、又はその適用に当つて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不当に差別を附するものでないかどうかについて、主務大臣に公聴会の開催を請求することができる。
- The Committee or any persons having a substantial interest in an Industrial Standard may request the competent minister to hold a public hearing concerning whether or not such Industrial Standard reflects the intent of all persons having a substantial interest and does not unfairly discriminate in its application against any parties being under the similar conditions.
- ハーグの国際司法裁判所(ICJ)[29]における、人種差別の壁について係争した裁判の冷静な判決や、ICJ判決の支持を圧倒的な賛成多数で採択した国連総会の決議は、世界はイスラエルのキャンペーンには欺かれなかった、という事実を毅然とした態度で立証しました。
- Surly, the ruling of the International Court of Justice, at the Hague, on the issue of the wall of racial discrimination, as well as the sweeping vote at the UN General Assembly in support of the ruling of the ICJ have confirmed, in an unswerving manner, that the world was not deceived by the Israeli campaign.
- 日本農林規格に実質的な利害関係を有する者は、日本農林規格がすべての実質的な利害関係を有する者の意向を反映し、又はその適用に当つて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不公正に差別を附するものでないかどうかについて、農林水産大臣に公聴会の開催を請求することができる。
- Any persons having a substantial interest in a Japanese Agricultural Standard may request the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to hold a public hearing concerning whether or not such Japanese Agricultural Standard reflects the intent of all persons having a substantial interest and does not unfairly discriminate in its application against any parties being under similar conditions.
- 主務大臣は、調査会が制定すべきものと答申した工業標準の案がすべての実質的な利害関係を有する者の意向を反映し、且つ、その適用に当つて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不当に差別を附するものでなく、適当であると認めるときは、これを工業標準として制定しなければならない。
- If the competent minister deems that the proposed Industrial Standard that the Committee has reported should be enacted reflects the intents of all substantially interested persons and does not unfairly discriminate in its application against any persons being under similar conditions and is appropriate, the competent minister shall enact the same as an Industrial Standard.
- しかし、仏教学においては法華経無内容説という学説的な主張に加え、また法華経が「三乗を会して一乗に帰す」という目標を示してはいるものの、三乗の差別ある者たちがどうやって一乗の教えに平等に帰すことができるのか明らかに説かれておらず、その根拠に乏しいという指摘もある。
- However, in Buddhist Studies, it is pointed out that there is not much of a basis behind the esan kiitsu because although the Lotus Sutra set a goal of 'learning ichijo through understanding sanjo,' it is not clearly explained how these different people can be treated equally in accordance with the preaching of ichijo, in addition to the fact that there is an academic theory that the Lotus Sutra has no content.
- 十如是とは、相(形相)・性(本質)・体(形体)・力(能力)・作(作用)・因(直接的な原因)・縁(条件・間接的な関係)・果(因に対する結果)・報(報い・縁に対する間接的な結果)・本末究竟等相(相から報にいたるまでの9つの事柄が究極的に無差別平等であること)をいう。
- Junyoze refers to a form (appearance), nature (essence), embodiment (entity), potency (power), function (action), a primary cause (direct cause), a secondary cause (condition or indirect connection), effect (result of a primary cause), recompense (retribution or indirect result of a secondary cause), and complete fundamental whole (ultimate equality in nine factors from the form to the recompense).
- ただし「覚りを求める」だけでは声聞(しょうもん)、縁覚(えんがく)、辟支仏(びゃくしぶつ、Pratyekabuddha)と同じになってしまうので、これをさけるために初期大乗経典である般若経では菩薩摩訶薩と、摩訶薩(偉大な衆生)を付加して大乗の菩薩を差別化している。
- However, merely seeking enlightenment leads to the same as Shomon, Engaku and Bykakushibutsu, so that in order to avoid this, the Hannya-kyo sutra, a Mahayana sutra of the early stage, added Bodhisattva Mahasattva (菩薩摩訶薩) and Mahasattva (摩訶薩) (the great living thing) and differentiated Mahayana Bosatsu.
- すなわち上記のマルクス史観的に捉えれば、 '百姓' というのは本来差別的な意味を内包する用法にもかかわらず、自分達の階級に対する対自的な把握手法として認識された場合、それは転換されたスティグマとして、他者に対するアイデンティティの示威としての意味を持つことになる。
- Specifically, in view of the Marxist history described above, although the term 'hyakusho' originally had a discriminatory meaning, when the term is recognized as self identification of his or her rank, it comes to have a meaning of demonstrating his or her identity to other people as a converted stigma.
- イーター機構は、加盟者が5.2.2に規定する目的以外の目的のために背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を利用することができるように最善の努力を払う。イーター機構が当該加盟者に当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾する場合には、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて許諾される。
- The ITER Organization shall use its best efforts to make available to the Members any Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, for purposes other than those set out in article 5.2.2. Such Background Intellectual Property, if licensed by the ITER Organization to the Members, shall be licensed on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.
- たとえばこの事件に関して、金城馨は、沖縄県の人々の抗議により、沖縄県民の展覧中止が実現したものの、他の民族の展覧が最後まで続いた点に注目し、「沖縄人の中にも、沖縄人と他の民族を同列に展示するのは屈辱的だ、という意識があり、沖縄人も差別する側に立っていた」と主張している。
- For instance, Kaoru KINJO points out that while the display of the Okinawa people were successfully cancelled due to protest movement by residents in Okinawa, the exhibition of other ethnic groups continued to the last, and he insists 'Even some of the people in Okinawa felt humiliated to have people from Okinawa displayed with other ethnic groups and they were also in a position to discriminate'.
- 厚生労働大臣は、第一項の規定により届け出られた取扱職種の範囲等が、特定の者に対し不当な差別的取扱いをするものであると認めるときは、当該有料の職業紹介事業を行おうとする者又は有料職業紹介事業者に対し、期限を定めて、当該取扱職種の範囲等を変更すべきことを命ずることができる。
- When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare finds that the scope of employment handled, etc. that has been notified pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 unjustly discriminates against particular persons, he/she may order the person who intends to provide a fee-charging employment placement business or the fee-charging employment placement business provider to change the scope of employment handled, etc. within a set due date.
- 当該特許権若しくは当該特許を受ける権利に係る発明又は当該実用新案権若しくは当該実用新案登録を受ける権利に係る考案に関する民間事業者への情報の提供において特定の民間事業者に対して不当な差別的取扱いをするものでないことその他当該事業を適正に行うに必要な業務の実施の方法が定められているものであること。
- The operation shall not be one which treats certain private business operators in an unjust discriminatory manner, in providing information concerning the invention pertaining to said patent right or the right to receive said patent or the concept pertaining to the said utility model right or the right to receive the registration of said utility model to private business operators, and the operation shall be one whose methods of implementing the work required to carry out said operation properly are well-established.
- プロジェクト側の行動を賞賛する意見(男尊女卑を肯定する象徴であり、男女共同参画理念に反する悪習である)もある一方、女人禁制は堅持すべきとする意見(日本に根付いた宗教・伝統文化を継承するものであり、男尊女卑などの差別を推進する意図のものではなく、強行登山は日本文化を冒涜する軽率な愚行である)もある。
- While there is an opinion that 'praises' the activity of the project side (it is a gesture of agreement with male chauvinism and an evil custom that is opposed to the principle of gender equality), there is another opinion that nyonin kinsei should be maintained firmly (it succeeds the religious and traditional culture that is rooted in Japan and does not promote discrimination such as male chauvinism so that the enforcement of mounting climbing is a hasty and foolish action that violates Japanese culture).
- 前項の規格は、当該規格 に係る農林物資の品質、生産、取引、使用又は消費の現況及び将来の見通し並びに国際的な規格の動向を考慮するとともに、実質的に利害関係を有する者の意向 を反映するように、かつ、その適用に当たつて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不公正に差別を付することがないように制定しなければならない。
- Where a standard as set forth in the preceding paragraph is enacted, the current situation and outlook on the quality, production, transactions in, and use or consumption of the agricultural and forestry product to which the standard pertains as well as trends in international standardization shall be considered, the intent of persons having a substantial interest shall be reflected, and any parties being under similar conditions shall not be unfairly discriminated against in its application.
- 1985年のイラン・イラク戦争において、イラクのイラン上空の航空機に対する無差別攻撃宣言に対し、イラン国内に取り残された日本人が、自衛隊の海外派遣不可の原則のために自衛隊機による救援を受けられなかったうえ、日本航空の組合問題により日本航空インターナショナル機による救援もできないために危機的状況にあった。
- In 1985 during the Iran-Iraq War, when Iraq proclaimed indiscriminate attacks to any aircraft flew over Iran, the Japanese people in Iran were stuck in a crisis because the rescue by Self-Defense Force was not made according to the principle that the overseas dispatch of Self-Defense Force troops is prohibited, and Japan Airlines did not fly JAL international airplanes because of a union issue.
- イーター機構及び加盟者は、この協定及び情報及び知的財産に関する附属書に従って、この協定の実施により生み出される情報及び知的財産の最大限に広範な、かつ、適当な普及を支援する。この条の規定及び知的財産に関する附属書については、すべての加盟者及びイーター機構に対して平等に、かつ差別的でない態様により実施する。
- Subject to this Agreement and the Annex on Information and Intellectual Property, the ITER Organization and the Members shall support the widest appropriate dissemination of information and intellectual property they generate in the execution of this Agreement. The implementation of this Article and the Annex on Information and Intellectual Property shall be equal and non-discriminatory for all Members and the ITER Organization.
- 何人も、人種、国籍、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地、従前の職業、労働組合の組合員であること等を理由として、職業紹介、職業指導等について、差別的取扱を受けることがない。但し、労働組合法〔昭和二四年六月法律第一七四号〕の規定によつて、雇用主と労働組合との間に締結された労働協約に別段の定のある場合は、この限りでない。
- No one shall be discriminated against in employment placement, vocational guidance, or the like, by reason of race, nationality, creed, sex, social status, family origin, previous profession, membership of a labor union, etc.; provided, however, that this shall not apply in the case where the terms of a collective agreement entered into between an employer and a labor union in accordance with the Labor Union Act provide otherwise.
- 「第二次世界大戦後になって、「脱亜論」中の、「支那人が卑屈にして恥を知らざれば」(全⑩二百四十頁)とか、「朝鮮国に人を刑するの惨酷(ざんこく)あれば」とかいった記述がことさらに取り上げられることになったが、そうした表現は一般的な差別意識に根ざすものではなく、この甲申政変の過酷な事後処理に対する批判にすぎなかったのである。」
- 'Although, after World War II, some descriptions such as 'The Chinese are shameless people who do not understand humbleness and humility' (page 240, 全⑩) and 'Koreans are extremely atrocious when punishing their own people' were specifically picked out of the 'Datsu-A Ron,' these were not expressions rooted in the sense of discrimination, but just some criticism toward the harsh follow-ups of the Gapsin Coup.'
- 越中褌が究極の形状であることから、昔からデザインの変化がないことで、材質や色か柄でしか商品として差別化ができないこと、白色が定番の越中褌では色物や柄物では極端に需要が少なく採算に合わないこと、個人でも縫製できるものであるため、単価も安く利益率が低いこと、他の下着と比べて需要の伸びが大きく見込めず、設備投資に見合う大量販売が見込めないことなどである。
- The seasons are: (1) as Ecchu fundoshi has the ultimate shape in its kind, the design has not changed for a long time, manufacturers can only make a difference in material, color or pattern; (2) as the most typical color for the fundoshi is white, there is extremely limited demand for other colors or patterns, and thus making a difference cannot be paid off; (3) since this is not so difficult to make, as they were made at home in the previous period, the price and profit rate should be low accordingly; and (4) it's hard to expect a large sale that can pay off the capital investment, as it's hard to expect a growing demand in comparison to other undergarments.
- これは当時日本で一国ほどの価値があるとされた茶器や陶器を作り出す陶工を大名が藩の庇護の下、士分を与えるなど手厚い待遇をしていたのに比べ、李氏朝鮮では儒教思想による身分制において陶工は最下層の賤民に位置づけられ、奴隷的な労働を強いられるとともに、失策を犯した場合には体罰を課せられるという過酷な状況にあり、職人に対する根源的な差別があったことが原因である。
- The reason is considered as follows: In Japan at that time, potters who produced chaki (tea utensils) and earthenware, considered having a value equal to that of a province, were treated favorably, for example, given the samurai status, but in Yi Dynasty Korea, potters were designated as humble or lowly people with the lowest social status in the social status system based on the Confucian thought: They were forced to work like slaves and were placed in such harsh conditions that they were punished physically when committing an error, or in other words, there existed fundamental discrimination against craftsmen.
- 李氏朝鮮においては「」(ペクチョン/ ペッチョン)と呼び、七般公賤(官奴婢、妓生、官女、吏族、駅卒、獄卒、犯罪逃亡者)八般私賤(巫女、革履物の職人、使令:宮中音楽の演奏家、僧侶、才人:芸人、社堂:旅をしながら歌や踊りで生計をたてるグループ、挙史:女連れで歌・踊り・芸をする人、白丁)と言われた賤民(非自由民)のなかで最下位に位置する被差別民を指す言葉である。
- In Joseon Dynasty, hakucho was called Pekuchon or Petchon and the term for victim of discrimination placed in the lowest rank of the following people of the lower classes (unfree people): Shichihankosen (the following seven kinds of government-owned humble or lowly people: kannuhi [government-owned slave], kisaeng [female entertainers], court lady, Rizoku [lower ranked local government official], ekisotsu [guards], Gokusotsu ogre, criminal fugitive) and Hachihanshisen (the following eight kinds of privately-owned humble or lowly people: miko [a shrine maiden], a craftsman of leather footwear, shirei [musicians of court music], Buddhist monk, saijin [an entertainer], syado [a group which earned a living by singing or dancing, traveling around], kyoshi [people singing, dancing or performing with girls], hakucho).
- 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
- There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
- この条の適用上、差別的措置であつて、それを適用する当事国の通商条約に通常規定されている例外に基くもの、その当事国の対外的財政状態若しくは国際収支を保護する必要に基くもの(海運及び航海に関するものを除く。)又は重大な安全上の利益を維持する必要に基くものは、事態に相応しており、且つ、ほしいままな又は不合理な方法で適用されない限り、それぞれ内国民待遇又は最恵国待遇の許与を害するものと認めてはならない。
- In the application of this Article, a discriminatory measure shall not be considered to derogate from the grant of national or most-favored-nation treatment, as the case may be, if such measure is based on an exception customarily provided for in the commercial treaties of the party applying it, or on the need to safeguard that party's external financial position or balance of payments (except in respect to shiping and navigation), or on the need to maintain its essential security interests, and provided such measure is proportionate to the circumstances and not applied in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner.
- 刑法第百九十三条から第百九十六条まで又は破壊活動防止法(昭和二十七年法律第二百四十号)第四十五条若しくは無差別大量殺人行為を行った団体の規制に関する法律(平成十一年法律第百四十七号)第四十二条若しくは第四十三条の罪について告訴又は告発をした者は、検察官の公訴を提起しない処分に不服があるときは、その検察官所属の検察庁の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所に事件を裁判所の審判に付することを請求することができる。
- Where a person who has filed a complaint or accusation regarding an offense set forth in Articles 193 to 196 of the Penal Code, Article 45 of the Subversive Activities Prevention Act (Act No. 240 of 1952), or Article 42 or 43 of the Act on Regulation of Organizations Which Have Committed Indiscriminate Mass Murder (Act No.147 of 1999) is dissatisfied with the disposition not to institute prosecution made by a public prosecutor, the complainant or accuser may request the district court which has jurisdiction over the location of the public prosecutors office to which that public prosecutor belongs to commit the case to a court for trial.
- つまり、門閥、閨閥政治や中華思想また小中華思想など民族(人種)差別、日本蔑視思想で、「平等」の精神に真っ向から反する思想、親子(姑、嫁)が血みどろの権力闘争を繰り広げ、そのために事大主義に走り独立心がなく外交の一貫性がないこと、と福澤諭吉らから見れば、そう見える朝鮮王朝政府に対し、「天は人の上に人をつくらず...」(『学問のすゝめ』)とする思想を重んじる立場から「脱亜論」に至ったのだ、という解釈がある。
- For Fukuzawa, the government of the Korean Dynasties appeared to be totally against 'Equality' by discrimination by putting too much value on lineage and Keibatsu blood connection, Sinocentrism or petit Sinocentrism and disrespect for Japan as well as families repeating bloody strife over authority, no intention to be independent with their Sadaejuui policy and no consistency in their diplomacy; these things led him to write 'Datsu-A Ron' with his standpoint of 'ten wa hito no ue ni hito o tsukurazu...' (The heavens do not create Man above his station...) ('Gakumon no Susume' [An Encouragement of Learning]).
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生み出す場合には、公的な支援を得た核融合の研究開発に関する計画のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の取消し不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権を他の加盟者及びイーター機構に許諾する。当該実施権は、イーター機構及び他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利(他の加盟者については、それぞれの領域内に限り。)を伴う。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of execution of this Agreement shall grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to such Generated Intellectual Property to other Members and the ITER Organization, with the right of the ITER Organization to sub-license, and the right of the other Members to sub-license within their respective territory, for the purposes of publicly sponsored fusion research and development programmes.
- 東大阪線時代は、中央線との差別化を図るためか、近鉄のコーポレートカラーであるオレンジとスカイブルー(正確にはソーラーオレンジとアクアブルー、パールホワイトの3色を近鉄所有車両で使用している)を路線のイメージカラーに取り入れており、現在も近鉄所有車両や東大阪線時代からの既存駅設備にその名残が残っているが、けいはんな線への移行時に改めて路線イメージカラーを薄緑(ライムグリーン)に定めている(ただし近鉄車両の色は従来通り)。
- In the era of the Higashi-Osaka Line, perhaps in order to differentiate Kintetsu from the Chuo Line, Kintetsu's corporate colors of orange and sky-blue (more correctly, the three colors of solar-orange, aqua-blue and purple-white are used for train cars owned by Kintetsu) were used as the image of the line, and even today the vestiges remain in the train car bodies and facilities dating from that era; however, the use of lime-green as the color for imaging the line was decided when the Keihanna Line was inaugurated (but the colors of Kintetsu's train cars remain unchanged).
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、イーター機構に提供する物品に関して背景的な知的財産を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産が次のいずれかの要件を満たすときは、4.2.5に規定する目的以外の商業上の目的のため、当該背景的な知的財産を他の加盟者の利用に供することが奨励される。当該背景的な知的財産の所有者が当該他の加盟者に当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾する場合には、当該背景的な知的財産の実施権は、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて許諾される。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, is encouraged to make available for commercial purposes other than those set out in article 4.2.5 to the other Members, any Background Intellectual Property incorporated into the items provided to the ITER Organization which Background Intellectual Property was required :
- イーター機構は、次のいずれかの要件を満たす背景的な知的財産を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産に関連する権利を有するときは、核融合の研究開発の目的のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、取消し不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権により当該背景的な知的財産の再実施を加盟者に許諾するために必要な措置をとる。当該措置は、当該加盟者が自己の領域内において更に再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。イーター機構は、当該背景的な知的財産に関連する権利を取得するために最善の努力を払う。
- Provided that it has the pertinent rights, when the ITER Organization incorporates Background Intellectual Property which is required: the ITER Organization shall make the necessary arrangements in order to sub-license that Background Intellectual Property on an equal and non-discriminatory basis by an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to the Members, with the right of the Members to sub-license within their respective territory for the purpose of fusion research and development. The ITER Organization shall make its best efforts to acquire the pertinent rights.
- 事業主は、募集及び採用並びに前条各号に掲げる事項に関する措置であつて労働者の性別以外の事由を要件とするもののうち、措置の要件を満たす男性及び女性の比率その他の事情を勘案して実質的に性別を理由とする差別となるおそれがある措置として厚生労働省令で定めるものについては、当該措置の対象となる業務の性質に照らして当該措置の実施が当該業務の遂行上特に必要である場合、事業の運営の状況に照らして当該措置の実施が雇用管理上特に必要である場合その他の合理的な理由がある場合でなければ、これを講じてはならない。
- An employer shall not take measures which concern the recruitment and employment of workers, or any of the matters listed in the items of the preceding Article and apply a criterion concerning a person's condition other than the person's sex, and which is specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare as measures that may cause a virtual discrimination by reason of a person's sex, considering the proportion of men and women who satisfy the criterion and other matters, except in a case where there is a legitimate reason to take such measures, such as a case where such measures are specifically required for the purpose of performing the relevant job in the light of the nature of that job; or a case where such measures are specifically required for the purpose of employment management in the light of the circumstances of the conduct of the employer's business.
- 以蔵が晩年、武市らから冷遇されていた理由について諸書の記述によれば、他の同志より身分が低く教養が無いことによる差別的感情、彼が手がけた数々の暗殺が露見することにより他の同志に累が及ぶ危機感、彼が自刃してしまえばその露見が防げるにも拘らず彼自身がそれを行わなかったことに対する焦燥感や怒り、さらに“尊王攘夷・倒幕”を旨とする土佐勤王党に属しながら“開国派・幕臣”の勝海舟らの護衛を行うなどした(後述)ことにより“剣術こそ強いが確固たる思想・信念を持たぬ者”として軽蔑されたこと、などが原因ではないかと考えられている。
- According to some books, the reason why TAKECHI treated Izo coldly in his later years was, for example, from the discriminative feeling for Izo who had low social standing and no education compared with the other comrades, a sense of danger that exposure of many of the assassinations that Izo took part in may have unfavorable effects to his fellow comrades, and resentment and anxiety toward Izo for not taking his own life although those exposures could be prevented if he had committed suicide; furthermore, even if he had been a member of the Tosa kinnoto that aimed for 'Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and overthrowing the Shogunate', he became a bodyguard to Kaishu KATSU (to be explained later) who was 'a member of the open country wing and a vassal of the shogun'; Izo was disdained, for 'although skillful in swordplay, he was a man with no resolute ideas and beliefs.'
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、イーター機構に提供する物品に関して背景的な知的財産(技術的知識、営業上の秘密等の秘密の情報を除く。)を用いる場合において、当該背景的な知的財産が次のいずれかの要件を満たすときは、公的な支援を得た核融合の研究開発に関する計画のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、当該背景的な知的財産の取消不能な、非排他的な、かつ、無償の実施権を他の加盟者及びイーター機構に許諾する。当該実施権は、イーター機構が再実施を許諾する権利並びに他の加盟者がそれぞれの領域内において研究機関及び高等教育機関に再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has incorporated Background Intellectual Property, except confidential information such as know-how and trade secrets into the items provided to the ITER Organization which Background Intellectual Property is required: ... shall grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis an irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to such Background Intellectual Property to other Members and to the ITER Organization, with the right of the ITER Organization to sub-license and the right of Members to sub-license to their research institutes and institutes of higher education within their respective territory for the purposes of publicly sponsored fusion research and development programmes.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において生み出された知的財産を開発し、又は取得する場合には、商業上の利用のため、平等、無差別及び非排他性の原則に基づき、当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を加盟者に許諾する。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しなかい場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Generated Intellectual Property that has been developed or acquired by the ITER Organization in the course of execution of this Agreement shall be licensed to the Members on an equal, non-discriminatory, non-exclusive basis for commercial use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- イーター機構は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を加盟者の利用に供するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、イーター機構が当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を第三者に許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- For Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, incorporated by the ITER Organization in the course of the execution of this Agreement, the ITER Organization shall use its best efforts to make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which the ITER Organization licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 事業主は、業務の内容及び当該業務に伴う責任の程度(以下「職務の内容」という。)が当該事業所に雇用される通常の労働者と同一の短時間労働者(以下「職務内容同一短時間労働者」という。)であって、当該事業主と期間の定めのない労働契約を締結しているもののうち、当該事業所における慣行その他の事情からみて、当該事業主との雇用関係が終了するまでの全期間において、その職務の内容及び配置が当該通常の労働者の職務の内容及び配置の変更の範囲と同一の範囲で変更されると見込まれるもの(以下「通常の労働者と同視すべき短時間労働者」という。)については、短時間労働者であることを理由として、賃金の決定、教育訓練の実施、福利厚生施設の利用その他の待遇について、差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
- With regard to a Part-Time Worker for whom the description of his/her work and the level of responsibilities associated with said work (hereinafter referred to as "Job Description") are equal to those of ordinary workers employed at the referenced place of business (hereinafter referred to as "Part-Time Worker with Equal Job Description") and who has concluded a labor contract without a definite period with a business operator, and whose Job Description and assignment are likely to be changed within the same range as the Job Description and assignment of said ordinary workers, in light of the practices at said place of business and other circumstances, throughout the entire period until the termination of the employment relationship with said business operator (hereinafter referred to as "Part-Time Worker Equivalent to Ordinary Workers"), the business operator shall not engage in discriminatory treatment in terms of the decision of wages, the implementation of education and training, the utilization of welfare facilities and other treatments for workers by reason of being a Part-Time Worker.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において知的財産を生む出す場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、平等及び無差別の原則に基づき、生み出された知的財産の非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に利用可能にする。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該生み出された知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has generated Intellectual Property in the course of the execution of this Agreement shall make available on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to such Generated Intellectual Property to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Generated Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations.
- 国内機関又は団体を通じて行動する加盟者は、この協定の実施の過程において背景的な秘密の情報を含む背景的な知的財産を用いる場合には、核融合の商業上の利用のため、他の加盟者が背景的な知的財産を用いた部品を妥当な条件で利用することができることを確保し、又は平等及び無差別の原則に基づいて非排他的な実施権を他の加盟者に許諾するために最善の努力を払う。当該実施権は、当該他の加盟者の領域内にある第三者による核融合の商業上の利用のために当該他の加盟者が再実施を許諾する権利を伴う。当該実施権の許諾に係る条件は、当該加盟者が自己の領域の内外の第三者に対して当該背景的な知的財産の実施権を許諾するときの条件よりも不利でないものとする。当該実施権の許諾については、そのような条件が提示される限り、拒否してはならない。当該実施権は、当該実施権者が契約上の義務を履行しない場合にのみ取り消すことができる。
- Any Member, acting through a Domestic Agency or Entity, which has incorporated Background Intellectual Property, including background confidential information, in the execution of this Agreement shall use its best efforts to make sure that the component incorporating the Background Intellectual Property is available on reasonable terms and conditions, or use its best efforts to grant on an equal and non-discriminatory basis a non-exclusive license to the other Members for commercial fusion use, with the right to sub-license for such use by such Members’ own domestic third parties within such Members’ own territory, on terms no less favorable than the basis upon which such Member licenses such Background Intellectual Property to third parties within or outside such Member’s own territory. As long as such terms have been offered, such license shall not be denied. The above license may be revoked only in case the licensee does not fulfill its contractual obligations. Such Background Intellectual Property, if licensed by the owners to the Members, shall be licensed on an equal and non-discriminatory basis.
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