工業: 1900 Terms and Phrases

• 工業
• industry
• technical college
• ITV industrial television
• industries
• Industrial Use
• Manufacturing Industry

• 加工業
• processing industries

• 軽工業
• light industry

• 工業化
• industrialization
• industrialisation
• manufacturization
• industrialized

• 工業界
• the industrial world

• 工業港
• industrial port

• 工業国
• industrialized nation
• industrialised nation
• an industrial nation

• 工業用
• for industrial use

• 鉱工業
• mining and manufacturing industry

• 手工業
• handicraft industry
• Handicrafts

• 重工業
• heavy industry

• 商工業
• commerce and industry
• Commercial and industrial features of the period

• 工業の
• industrial
• technical

• 雑工業
• miscellaneous industry

• 化学工業
• chemical industry

• 化成工業
• chemical industry

• 家内工業
• household or cottage industry
• domestic industry
• household industry

• 機械工業
• the machine industry
• machinery industry

• 金属工業
• metalworking industry

• 軍需工業
• munitions industry

• 工業意匠
• industrial design

• 工業化学
• industrial chemistry

• 工業規格
• industrial standard
• engineering standard
• industrial standards
• Technical standard

• 工業技術
• industrial technology
• engineering

• 工業生産
• industrial production

• 工業製品
• industrial goods

• 工業大学
• technical college or institute

• 工業団地
• industrial park
• Kougyoudanchi
• industrial estate
• Industrial district
• Industrial parks
• industrial complex

• 工業地域
• industrial area
• industrial district
• industrial zone
• industrialized areas
• Industrial region

• 工業地区
• industrial zone

• 工業地帯
• industrial area

• 工業都市
• industrial (manufacturing, factory) town or city

• 工業用水
• industrial water
• industrial use of water
• industrial water supply
• water for industrial use

• 主要工業
• key industries

• 商工業者
• commercial and industrial men
• bourgeois
• Merchants and craftsmen

• 食品工業
• food industry

• 繊維工業
• textile industry

• 脱工業化
• post-industrialization

• 電子工業
• electronics industry

• 農村工業
• rural industry

• 配管工業
• plumbing

• 油脂工業
• the oil and fat industry

• 協三工業
• Kyousankougyou

• 戸田工業
• Toda Kogyo Corporation

• 小糸工業
• Koito Industries, Limited

• 大建工業
• Daiken Corporation

• 大倉工業
• Ookurakougyou

• 東工業前
• Higashikougyoumae

• 福島工業
• Fukushima Industries Corporation

• 工業教育
• industrial education
• Engineering education

• 工業廃液
• industrial waste water
• industrial water waste

• 工業廃水
• industrial wastes

• 工業排水
• industrial effluent
• industrial waste water
• industrial wastes

• 工業立地
• industrial location
• location of industry

• 工業計器
• industrial instrument

• 工業計測
• industrial measurement
• industrial instrumentation

• 印刷工業
• printing industry

• 工業暗化
• industrial melanism
• Peppered moth evolution

• 製造工業
• manufacturing industry

• 工業雷管
• detonator

• 工業芸術
• industrial art

• 重工業の
• smokestack

• 製薬工業
• the pharmaceutical industry

• 国連工業
• United Industries

• 工業気圧
• technical atmosphere

• 加工工業
• processing industry

• 金型工業
• tool and die industry

• 組立工業
• assembly-industry

• 工業学校
• technical school

• 工業分析
• technical analysis

• 合板工業
• plywood industry

• 製靴工業
• boot and shoe industry

• 製紙工業
• paper manufacturing industry

• 電話工業
• telephone industry

• 木材工業
• lumber industry

• 工業用油
• industrial oil

• ソーダ工業
• alkali industry

• 工業を興す
• to promote industry

• 工業試験場
• industrial experimental station
• industrial research institute
• industrial testing station
• Kougyoushikenjou
• Koujoushikenjou

• 工業所有権
• industrial property
• industrial property right

• 工業生産高
• industrial output
• industrial production

• 工業先進国
• industrialized countries
• industrialised countries
• industrialized country
• industrialized nation

• 食品加工業
• food industry
• processing industry

• 先進工業国
• advanced industrial nation
• advanced industrial country

• 旭電化工業
• ADEKA Corporation (formerly known as Asahi Denka Corporation)

• 関工業団地
• Seki Industrial Park

• 吉野工業所
• Yoshinokougyousho

• 原工業団地
• Hara Industrial Park

• 工業団地駅
• Kougyoudanchi Station (st)

• 工業用水池
• Kougyouyousuichi

• 工業用水道
• Kougyouyousuidou
• industrial water system
• industrial waterworks

• 高田工業所
• Takada Corporation

• 三菱重工業
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

• 柴工業団地
• Shiba Industrial Park

• 社工業団地
• Yashiro Industrial Park

• 森工業団地
• Mori Industrial Park

• 生化学工業
• Seikagaku Corporation

• 西工業団地
• Nishi Industrial Park

• 川崎重工業
• Kawasaki Heavy Industries

• 津田駒工業
• Tsudakoma Corporation

• 電子工業会
• Electronic Industries Association
• EIA
• Electronic Industries Alliance

• 東工業校前
• Higashikougyoukoumae

• 東工業前駅
• Higashikougyoumae Station (st)

• 東工業団地
• Higashi Industrial Park

• 南工業団地
• Minami Industrial Park

• 浜工業公園
• Hamakougyou Park

• 平工業団地
• Taira Industrial Park
• The Taira industrial complex

• 北工業団地
• Kita Industrial Park

• 工業用粘度
• commercial viscosity

• 工業用水法
• Industrial Water Law
• The Industrial Water Law

• 工業技術院
• National Research Institutes
• Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
• Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

• 工業気象学
• industrial meteorology

• 準工業地域
• quasi-industrial zone
• semi-industrial zone

• 新興工業国
• NICS
• newly industrializing countries

• 舶用工業課
• Ship Machinery Industries Division

• 重化学工業
• heavy and chemical industries
• heavy industry

• 工業統計表
• industry census

• 成熟工業国
• mature industrial country

• 工業の労務
• Industrial labor.

• 工業化学科
• Department of Industrial Chemistry

• 工業中心地
• manufacturing center
• industrial center

• 工業用絨毯
• industrial carpeting

• 現代重工業
• Hyundai Heavy Industries

• 沖電気工業
• Oki Electric Industry

• 富士重工業
• Fuji Heavy Industries

• 工業用塗料
• industrial coating

• 工業用石灰
• Industrial lime

• 自転車工業
• bicycle industry

• 自動車工業
• automotive industry

• 接着剤工業
• adhesives industry

• 原子力工業
• Nuclear Engineering

• ガス化学工業
• gas chemical industry

• 工業デザイン
• industrial design

• 工業高等学校
• technical high school

• 工業資本主義
• industrial capitalism

• 工業標準化法
• industrial standardization law
• Industrial Standardization Act

• 航空宇宙工業
• aerospace industry

• 高等工業学校
• higher technical school

• 合成化学工業
• synthetic chemical industry

• 精密機械工業
• precision machinery industry

• 日本工業規格
• Japan Industrial Standards
• JIS
• Nipponkougyoukikaku
• Nihonkougyoukikaku
• JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
• Japan Industry Standard
• Japanese lndustrial Standard
• Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS)
• JIS Japanese Industrial Standards

• ダイハツ工業
• Daihatsukougyou

• 愛三工業工場
• Aisankougyou Factory

• 愛知工業大学
• Aichi Institute of Technology
• Aichi Technical College
• AIT

• 旭山工業団地
• Asahiyama Industrial Park

• 旭川工業団地
• Asahikawa Industrial Park

• 綾部工業団地
• Ayabe Industrial Park

• 伊勢化学工業
• Ise Chemicals Corporation

• 医薬工業協会
• Ethical Manufacturers' Association

• 井口工業団地
• Iguchi Industrial Park

• 育英工業高専
• Ikueikougyoukousen

• 磯原工業団地
• Isohara Industrial Park

• 宇部工業高専
• Ubekougyoukousen

• 鵜飼工業団地
• Ukai Industrial Park

• 雲出工業団地
• Kumoide Industrial Park

• 横山工業団地
• Yokoyama Industrial Park

• 沖田工業団地
• Okita Industrial Park

• 下郡工業団地
• Shimogoori Industrial Park

• 化学工業協会
• Chemical Industries Association
• Chemical Manufacturers Association

• 加須工業団地
• Kazo Industrial Park

• 加西工業団地
• Kasai Industrial Park

• 加茂工業団地
• Kamo Industrial Park

• 河北工業大学
• Hebei University of Technology

• 花稲工業団地
• Hanaina Industrial Park

• 花園工業団地
• Hanazono Industrial Park

• 賀茂工業団地
• Kamo Industrial Park

• 賀陽工業団地
• Kayou Industrial Park

• 角前工業団地
• Kakumae Industrial Park

• 釜無工業団地
• Kamanashi Industrial Park

• 丸子工業団地
• Mariko Industrial Park

• 丸谷工業団地
• Marutani Industrial Park

• 岩間工業団地
• Iwama Industrial Park

• 岐阜工業高専
• Giffukougyoukousen

• 機械工業協会
• Machinery and Allied Products Institute

• 亀田工業団地
• Kameda Industrial Park

• 菊川工業団地
• Kikugawa Industrial Park

• 吉川工業団地
• Yoshikawa Industrial Park

• 吉野工業工場
• Yoshinokougyou Factory

• 丘里工業団地
• Okazato Industrial Park

• 久井工業団地
• Kui Industrial Park

• 久世工業団地
• Kuse Industrial Park

• 久米工業団地
• Kume Industrial Park

• 宮城工業高専
• Miyagikougyoukousen

• 宮内工業団地
• Miyauchi Industrial Park

• 牛田工業団地
• Ushita Industrial Park

• 狭山工業団地
• Sayama Industrial Park

• 郷原工業団地
• Goubara Industrial Park

• 玉戸工業団地
• Tamado Industrial Park

• 桐原工業団地
• Kirihara Industrial Park

• 金子架設工業
• Kanekokasetsukougyou

• 金属工業団地
• Kinzoku Industrial Park

• 金沢工業大学
• Kanazawa Institute of Technology
• Kanazawa Technical College

• 金沢工業団地
• Kanazawa Industrial Park

• 金矢工業団地
• Kaneya Industrial Park

• 九州工業大学
• Kyuushuu Technical College
• Kyushu Institute of Technology

• 九蟠工業団地
• Kuban Industrial Park

• 駒門工業団地
• Komakado Industrial Park

• 釧白工業団地
• Kushishiro Industrial Park

• 熊本工業大学
• Kumamoto Institute of Technology

• 栗山工業団地
• Kuriyama Industrial Park

• 栗沢工業団地
• Kurisawa Industrial Park

• 桑畑工業団地
• Kuwahata Industrial Park

• 群南工業団地
• Gunnan Industrial Park

• 群馬工業高専
• Gunmakougyoukousen

• 恵庭工業団地
• Eniwa Industrial Park

• 湖南工業団地
• Konan Industrial Park

• 五明工業団地
• Gomyou Industrial Park

• 御薗工業団地
• Misono Industrial Park

• 御厨工業団地
• Mikuriya Industrial Park

• 好間工業団地
• Yoshima Industrial Park

• 工業広告協会
• British Industrial Advertising Association

• 工業高校前駅
• Kougyoukoukoumae Station (st)

• 工業用浄水場
• Kougyouyou water purification plant

• 広川工業団地
• Hirokawa Industrial Park

• 広島工業大学
• Hiroshima Institute of Technology

• 広東工業大学
• Guangdong University of Technology
• GDUT

• 広野工業団地
• Hirono Industrial Park

• 江川工業団地
• Egawa Industrial Park

• 江津工業団地
• Edu Industrial Park

• 江島工業団地
• Ejima Industrial Park

• 甲西工業団地
• Kousai Industrial Park

• 航空工業高専
• Koukuukougyoukousen

• 高月工業団地
• Takatsuki Industrial Park

• 高砂工業工場
• Takasagokougiyou Factory

• 高砂香料工業
• Takasago International Corporation

• 高田工業団地
• Takata Industrial Park

• 高浜工業団地
• Takahama Industrial Park

• 合志工業団地
• Koushi Industrial Park

• 国母工業団地
• Kokubo Industrial Park

• 黒瀬工業団地
• Kurose Industrial Park

• 今切工業団地
• Imagire Industrial Park

• 佐伯工業団地
• Saiki Industrial Park

• 佐野工業団地
• Sano Industrial Park

• 砂川工業団地
• Sunagawa Industrial Park

• 坂口工業団地
• Sakaguchi Industrial Park

• 阪神工業地帯
• Hanshin Industrial Zone
• Hanshin Industrial Area
• Hanshin Industrial Region

• 埼玉工業大学
• Saitama Institute of Technology

• 三笠工業団地
• Mikasa Industrial Park

• 三国工業工場
• Mikunikougyou Factory

• 三次工業団地
• Miyoshi Industrial Park

• 三信建設工業
• Sanshin Corporation

• 三星金属工業
• Mitsuboshikinzokukougyou

• 三田工業団地
• Mita Industrial Park

• 山宮工業団地
• Yamamiya Industrial Park

• 四区工業団地
• Yonku Industrial Park

• 四国化成工業
• Shikoku Chemicals Corporation

• 市立工業短大
• Shiritsukougyoutandai

• 氏神工業団地
• Ujigami Industrial Park

• 糸満工業団地
• Itoman Industrial Park

• 児玉工業団地
• Kodama Industrial Park

• 鹿屋工業団地
• Kanoya Industrial Park

• 鹿沼工業団地
• Kanuma Industrial Park

• 室蘭工業大学
• Muroran Institute of Technology

• 漆器工業団地
• Shikki Industrial Park

• 芝浦工業大学
• Shibaura Institute of Technology

• 芝山工業団地
• Shibayama Industrial Park

• 車体工業工場
• Shataikougyou Factory

• 若草工業団地
• Wakakusa Industrial Park

• 手稲工業団地
• Teine Industrial Park

• 手綱工業団地
• Teduna Industrial Park

• 周防工業団地
• Suou Industrial Park

• 秋田工業団地
• Akita Industrial Park

• 小原工業団地
• Obara Industrial Park

• 小山工業高専
• Oyamakougyoukousen

• 小倉工業団地
• Ogura Industrial Park

• 小浜工業団地
• Obama Industrial Park

• 小野工業団地
• Ono Industrial Park

• 庄原工業団地
• Shoubara Industrial Park

• 昭和工業団地
• Shouwa Industrial Park

• 松下電子工業
• Matsushita Electronics Industry Corporation

• 松尾工業団地
• Matsuo Industrial Park

• 松茂工業団地
• Matsushige Industrial Park

• 沼津工業高専
• Numadukougyoukousen

• 沼津工業団地
• Numadu Industrial Park

• 沼南工業団地
• Shounan Industrial Park

• 城南工業団地
• Jounan Industrial Park

• 食品工業団地
• Shokuhin Industrial Park

• 信越化学工業
• Shin-Etsu Chemical

• 新原工業団地
• Shinbaru Industrial Park

• 新東工業工場
• Shintoukougyou Factory

• 新菱冷熱工業
• Shinryo Corporation

• 森間工業団地
• Morima Industrial Park

• 森曽工業団地
• Moriso Industrial Park

• 神崎工業団地
• Kouzaki Industrial Park

• 神辺工業団地
• Kannabe Industrial Park

• 身延工業団地
• Minobu Industrial Park

• 陣山工業団地
• Jinyama Industrial Park

• 水口工業団地
• Minakuchi Industrial Park

• 水沢工業団地
• Mizusawa Industrial Park

• 瀬田工業団地
• Seda Industrial Park

• 清久工業団地
• Kiyoku Industrial Park

• 清原工業団地
• Kiyohara Industrial Park

• 清池工業団地
• Shouge Industrial Park

• 盛岡工業団地
• Morioka Industrial Park

• 西神工業団地
• Seishin Industrial Park

• 西部工業団地
• Seibu Industrial Park

• 西北工業大学
• Northwestern Polytechnical University
• NPU

• 石川工業高専
• Ishikawakougyoukousen

• 積水工業工場
• Sekisui Industrial Factory

• 赤坂工業団地
• Akasaka Industrial Park

• 赤田工業団地
• Akada Industrial Park

• 千草工業団地
• Chikusa Industrial Park

• 千葉工業大学
• Chiba Institute of Technology

• 川越工業団地
• Kawagoe Industrial Park

• 川田工業団地
• Kawada Industrial Park

• 川辺工業団地
• Kawabe Industrial Park

• 川里工業団地
• Kawasato Industrial Park

• 染谷工業団地
• Someya Industrial Park

• 前田建設工業
• Maeda Corporation

• 双葉電子工業
• Futaba Corporation

• 早見工業団地
• Hayami Industrial Park

• 相模工業大学
• Sagami Institute of Technology

• 村松工業団地
• Muramatsu Industrial Park

• 多古工業団地
• Tako Industrial Park

• 大栄工業団地
• Taiei Industrial Park

• 大曲工業団地
• Oomagari Industrial Park

• 大向工業団地
• Oomukai Industrial Park

• 大阪工業大学
• Osaka Institute of Technology

• 大沼工業団地
• Oonuma Industrial Park

• 大同工業大学
• Daido Institute of Technology
• DIT

• 大和工業工場
• Daiwakougyou Factory

• 第一建設工業
• Daiichi Kensetsu Corporation

• 第一工業大学
• Daiichi Technical College

• 滝野工業団地
• Takino Industrial Park

• 瀧上工業工場
• Tatsugamikougyou Factory

• 辰巳工業団地
• Tatsumi Industrial Park

• 谷池工業団地
• Yachi Industrial Park

• 池内工業工場
• Ikeuchikougyou Factory

• 中央工業団地
• Chuuou Industrial Park

• 中核工業団地
• Chuukaku Industrial Park

• 中郷工業団地
• Nakagou Industrial Park

• 中部工業団地
• Chuubu Industrial Park

• 中里工業団地
• Nakazato Industrial Park

• 朝日工業工場
• Asahikougyou Factory

• 長泉工業団地
• Nagaizumi Industrial Park

• 長谷工業団地
• Nagayatsu Industrial Park

• 長南工業団地
• Chounan Industrial Park

• 鳥子工業団地
• Toriko Industrial Park

• 鎮岩工業団地
• Tokonabe Industrial Park

• 津田工業工場
• Tsudakougyou Factory

• 天道工業団地
• Tendou Industrial Park

• 田沼工業団地
• Tanuma Industrial Park

• 田尻工業団地
• Tajiri Industrial Park

• 電気工業連盟
• Associated Electrical Industries

• 都城工業高専
• Miyakonojoukougyoukousen

• 土成工業団地
• Donari Industrial Park

• 島田理化工業
• SPC Electronics Corporation

• 東亜建設工業
• Toa Corporation

• 東京工業高専
• Tokyo Industrial College

• 東京工業大学
• Tokyo Institute of Technology

• 東金工業団地
• Tougane Industrial Park

• 東山工業団地
• Higashiyama Industrial Park

• 東城工業団地
• Toujou Industrial Park

• 東部工業団地
• Toubu Industrial Park

• 東北工業大学
• Tohoku Institute of Technology

• 東明工業団地
• Toumei Industrial Park

• 藤原工業団地
• Fujiwara Industrial Park

• 徳山工業高専
• Tokuyamakougyoukousen

• 徳島工業短大
• Tokushimakougyoutandai

• 内牧工業団地
• Uchimaki Industrial Park

• 内陸工業団地
• Nairiku Industrial Park

• 南原工業団地
• Minamihara Industrial Park

• 南部工業団地
• Nanbu Industrial Park

• 二島工業団地
• Futajima Industrial Park

• 日亜化学工業
• Nichia Corporation (Japanese chemical manufacturer)

• 日本光電工業
• Nihon Kohden Corporation

• 日本工業大学
• Nihon Institute of Technology
• NIT
• Nippon Institute of Technology

• 日本冶金工業
• Nihonyakinkougyou

• 能取工業団地
• Notoro Industrial Park

• 波崎工業団地
• Hasai Industrial Park

• 柏原工業団地
• Kashiwabara Industrial Park

• 白鳥工業団地
• Shiratori Industrial Park

• 八戸工業大学
• Hachinohe Institute of Technology

• 八坂工業団地
• Yasaka Industrial Park

• 八幡工業団地
• Yahata Industrial Park

• 板倉工業団地
• Itakura Industrial Park

• 飯坂工業団地
• Iizakakogyoudanchi

• 飯塚工業団地
• Iiduka Industrial Park

• 晩翠工業団地
• Bansui Industrial Park

• 尾島工業団地
• Ojima Industrial Park

• 尾道工業団地
• Onomichi Industrial Park

• 姫路工業大学
• Himeji Institute of Technology

• 百石工業団地
• Momoishi Industrial Park

• 富里工業団地
• Tomisato Industrial Park

• 浮島工業団地
• Ukishima Industrial Park

• 武蔵工業大学
• Musashi Technical College

• 武蔵工業団地
• Musashi Industrial Park

• 武田薬品工業
• Takeda Pharmaceutical
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company

• 武雄工業団地
• Takeo Industrial Park

• 福井工業大学
• Fukui University of Technology

• 福岡工業大学
• Fukuoka Institute of Technology

• 福崎工業団地
• Fukusaki Industrial Park

• 福田工業団地
• Fukuda Industrial Park
• Fukude Industrial Park

• 福島工業高専
• Fukushimakougyoukousen

• 福島工業団地
• Fukushima Industrial Park

• 平出工業団地
• Hiraide Industrial Park

• 米沢工業団地
• Yonezawa Industrial Park

• 片倉工業工場
• Katakurakougyou Factory

• 片田工業団地
• Katada Industrial Park

• 芳賀工業団地
• Haga Industrial Park

• 蓬原工業団地
• Aihara Industrial Park

• 豊国工業工場
• Houkokukougyou Factory

• 豊住工業団地
• Toyosumi Industrial Park

• 豊田工業大学
• Toyota Technical College
• Toyota Technological Institute

• 豊和工業工場
• Houwakougyou Factory

• 北越工業工場
• Hokuetsukougyou Factory

• 北京工業大学
• Beijing University of Technology

• 北見工業大学
• Kitami Institute of Technology

• 北上工業団地
• Kitakami Industrial Park
• Kitakamikogyoudanchi

• 北部工業団地
• Hokubu Industrial Park

• 北方工業大学
• North China University of Technology

• 本山工業団地
• Motoyama Industrial Park

• 名和工業団地
• Nawa Industrial Park

• 明和工業団地
• Meiwa Industrial Park

• 茂原工業団地
• Mobara Industrial Park

• 木材工業団地
• Mokuzai Industrial Park

• 木次工業団地
• Kisuki Industrial Park

• 木津工業団地
• Kidu Industrial Park

• 木伏工業団地
• Kippushi Industrial Park

• 野崎工業団地
• Nozaki Industrial Park

• 野木工業団地
• Nogi Industrial Park

• 有明工業高専
• Ariakekougyoukousen

• 利根工業団地
• Tone Industrial Park

• 理想科学工業
• Riso Kagaku Corporation

• 流通工業団地
• Ryuutsuu Industrial Park

• 力丸工業団地
• Rikimaru Industrial Park

• 臨海工業団地
• Rinkai Industrial Park

• 臨空工業団地
• Rinkuu Industrial Park

• 鈴鹿工業高専
• Suzukakougyoukousen

• 工業専用地域
• industrial area
• exclusive industrial zone

• 工業製造規範
• industrial large scale practice

• 工業統計調査
• Census of Manufactures

• 高性能工業炉
• high efficiency industrial furnace

• 工業プロセス
• industrial process

• 工業用水1級
• industrial water class 1

• 脱工業化社会
• post-industrial society
• post industrialism

• 自動車工業会
• Automobile Manufacturers Association

• 英国工業規格
• British Standards

• 工業用テレビ
• industrial television

• 組立加工業者
• fabricator

• 脱工業化経済
• post-industrial economy

• 工業専門学校
• technical college

• 一澤帆布工業
• Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.

• 日本治金工業
• Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd.

• 喜多工業団地
• Kita Industrial Park

• 工業化学専攻
• Applied Chemistry

• 脱工業化の国
• postindustrial countries

• 浙江工業大学
• Zhejiang University of Technology

• 住友金属工業
• Sumitomo Metal Industries

• 住友ゴム工業
• Sumitomo Rubber Industries

• ブラザー工業
• Brother Industries

• タイ航空工業
• Thai Aviation Industry

• 開城工業地区
• Kaesong Industrial Region

• 泰日工業大学
• Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology

• タイ工業連盟
• Federation of Thai Industries

• 京葉工業地域
• Keiyō Industrial Zone

• ダイキン工業
• Daikin Industries

• 本田技研工業
• Honda

• 京浜工業地帯
• Keihin region

• 大連工業大学
• Dalian Polytechnic University

• 合肥工業大学
• Hefei University of Technology

• 住友電気工業
• Sumitomo Electric Industries

• 中京工業地帯
• Chūkyō Industrial Area

• 東洋ゴム工業
• Toyo Tire & Rubber Company

• 部材部品工業
• member and part industry

• 工業用織金網
• Industrial woven wire cloth

• 工業応用協会
• Industrial Applications Society

• 工業専用地区
• restricted industrial district

• 砥粒工業学会
• Abrasive Engineering Society

• 石油化学工業
• petrochemical industry

• 臨海工業地帯
• littoral industrial area
• littoral industrial zone

• 原子燃料工業
• Nuclear Fuel Industries, Ltd.

• 工業生物技術
• biotechnology

• 工業用殺菌剤
• industrial fungicide

• ドイツ工業規格
• Deutsche Institut fuer Normung
• DIN
• German Industrial Standards
• Deutsche Industrie-Norm
• Deutsches Institut für Normung
• Deutsche Industrie Normen(DIN)

• 工業主導型経済
• industrial-led economy

• 鉱工業生産指数
• industrial production index
• IPI
• index number of industrial production
• Indices of Industrial Production / Index of Industries Production (Mining and Manufacturing)

• 工業用吊り通路
• cat walk

• カヤバ工業工場
• Kayabakougyou Factory

• 旭化成工業工場
• Asahikaseikougyou Factory

• 一関東工業団地
• Ichikantou Industrial Park

• 一町畑工業団地
• Icchouhata Industrial Park

• 横根山工業団地
• Yokoneyama Industrial Park

• 下小橋工業団地
• Shimokobashi Industrial Park

• 下川淵工業団地
• Shimokawabuchi Industrial Park

• 喜連川工業団地
• Kitsuregawa Industrial Park

• 桔梗野工業団地
• Kikyouno Industrial Park

• 久留米工業大学
• Kurume Institute of Technology
• Kurume Technical College

• 京田西工業団地
• Kyoudennishi Industrial Park

• 境北部工業団地
• Sakahokubu Industrial Park

• 熊本南工業団地
• Kumamotominami Industrial Park

• 後藤野工業団地
• Gotouno Industrial Park

• 御勅使工業団地
• Midai Industrial Park

• 工業開発研究所
• Industrial Research Institute, Japan

• 工業開発試験所
• Kougyoukaihatsushikenjou

• 工業技術研究所
• Kougyougijutsukenkyuujo

• 工業技術試験所
• Kougyougijutsushikenjo

• 工業団地建設中
• Kougyoudanchikensetsuchuu

• 工業団地造成中
• Kougyoudanchizouseichuu

• 工業用水浄水場
• Kougyouyou water purification plant

• 工業用水送水管
• Kougyouyousuisousuikan
• Kougyouyousuisouzukan

• 工業用水輸送管
• Kougyouyousuiyusoukan

• 広島北工業団地
• Hiroshimakita Industrial Park

• 座禅山工業団地
• Zazenyama Industrial Park

• 三菱自動車工業
• Mitsubishi Motors Corporation

• 三菱重工業工場
• Mitsubishijuukougyou Factory

• 山野井工業団地
• Yamanoi Industrial Park

• 七ッ島工業団地
• Nanatsushima Industrial Park

• 室蘭工業用水池
• Murorankougyouyousuichi

• 秋田工業用水場
• Akitakougyouyousuijou

• 十余二工業団地
• Toyofuta Industrial Park

• 春日丘工業団地
• Kasugaoka Industrial Park

• 小見川工業団地
• Omigawa Industrial Park

• 小松台工業団地
• Komatsudai Industrial Park

• 小沼田工業団地
• Konumata Industrial Park

• 庄内南工業団地
• Shounaiminami Industrial Park

• 松久保工業団地
• Matsukubo Industrial Park

• 松飛台工業団地
• Matsuhidai Industrial Park

• 松尾台工業団地
• Matsuodai Industrial Park

• 上高野工業団地
• Kamikouya Industrial Park

• 上大島工業団地
• Kamiooshima Industrial Park

• 上土方工業団地
• Kamihijikata Industrial Park

• 新居浜工業高専
• Niihamakougyoukousen

• 新山野工業団地
• Shinyamano Industrial Park

• 新秋木工業工場
• Shin'akikikougyou Factory

• 新平山工業団地
• Shinhirayama Industrial Park

• 新明和工業工場
• Shinmeiwakougyou Factory

• 瀬戸原工業団地
• Setowara Industrial Park

• 栖葉南工業団地
• Narahaminami Industrial Park

• 精密工業試験場
• Seimitsukougyoushikenjou

• 西ノ平工業団地
• Nishinodairaougyoudanchi

• 西広瀬工業団地
• Nishihirose Industrial Park

• 西倉吉工業団地
• Nishikurayoshi Industrial Park

• 西日本工業大学
• Nishinihon Technical College

• 千代田工業団地
• Chiyoda Industrial Park

• 川崎重工業工場
• Kawasaki Heavy Industries factory

• 繊維工業指導所
• Sen'ikougyoushidousho

• 繊維工業試験場
• Sen'ikougyoushikenjou

• 太平洋工業工場
• Taiheiyoukougyou Factory

• 大光寺工業団地
• Daikouji Industrial Park

• 大生郷工業団地
• Oonogou Industrial Park

• 大八木工業団地
• Ooyagi Industrial Park

• 大野台工業団地
• Oonodai Industrial Park

• 大利根工業団地
• Ootone Industrial Park

• 竪川目工業団地
• Katagawame Industrial Park

• 地蔵平工業団地
• Jizoudaira Industrial Park

• 長者原工業団地
• Choujahara Industrial Park

• 長田野工業団地
• Osadano Industrial Park

• 東庄町工業団地
• Tounoshoumachi Industrial Park

• 東松山工業団地
• Higashimatsuyama Industrial Park

• 東平井工業団地
• Higashihirai Industrial Park

• 奈井江工業団地
• Naie Industrial Park

• 楢葉南工業団地
• Narahaminami Industrial Park

• 日本ゴム工業会
• Japan Rubber Manufacturers Association

• 日本工業倶楽部
• Industrial Club of Japan

• 日本重化学工業
• Nihonjuukagakukougyou

• 日本造船工業会
• Shipbuilders' Association of Japan

• 日本電機工業会
• Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association

• 八千代工業団地
• Yachiyo Industrial Park

• 八斗島工業団地
• Yattajima Industrial Park

• 八幡原工業団地
• Hachimanbara Industrial Park

• 斐川西工業団地
• Hikawanishi Industrial Park

• 菱喰内工業団地
• Shikuuchi Industrial Park

• 富士宮工業団地
• Fujinomiya Industrial Park

• 富士見工業団地
• Fujimi Industrial Park

• 富士重工業工場
• Fujijuukougyou Factory

• 北海浜工業団地
• Kitakaihin Industrial Park

• 北九州工業高専
• Kitakyuushuukougyoukousen

• 北松戸工業団地
• Kitamatsudo Industrial Park

• 北利根工業団地
• Kitatone Industrial Park

• 名古屋工業大学
• Nagoya Institute of Technology

• 名石浜工業団地
• Meishihama Industrial Park

• 明野北工業団地
• Akenokita Industrial Park

• 木屋川工業団地
• Koyagawa Industrial Park

• 木更津工業高専
• Kisaradukougyoukousen

• 門田町工業団地
• Mondenmachi Industrial Park

• 野毛平工業団地
• Nogedaira Industrial Park

• 野木東工業団地
• Nogihigashi Industrial Park

• 輸送機工業工場
• Yusoukikougyou Factory

• 立谷川工業団地
• Tachiyagawa Industrial Park

• 臨海重工業団地
• Rinkaijuu Industrial Park

• 鈴木自動車工業
• Suzukijidoushakougyou

• 工業用ロボット
• industrial robot

• 工業的土地利用
• industrial land use

• 工業用水道事業
• industrial water supply projects
• industrial water supply business

• 車両工業規格官
• Director for Rolling Stock Industries

• 新興工業経済群
• NIES
• NIES(newly industrialized economies)

• 米国電子工業会
• EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
• Electronic Industries Association
• Electronics Industries Association

• 製造工業の革命
• revolution in manufacturing

• 問屋制家内工業
• wholesale-system domestic industry
• Putting-out system

• 工業用化学物質
• chemical substance for industrial use

• 米国農業工業会
• American Society of Agricultural Engineering

• 欧州造船工業会
• Association of West European Shipbuilders

• 工業開発理事会
• Industrial Development Board

• 工業技術者協会
• Institute of Industrial Engineers

• 工作機械工業会
• Machine Tool Trades' Association

• 工業標準の制定
• Enactment of Industrial Standards

• 鉱工業承継業務
• Mining and Industry Successionary Functions

• 後背の工業団地
• Industrial parks behind the wharf

• 車両工業企画室
• Rolling Stock Industry Office

• 工業の中心地、
• industrial center

• 不快な工業都市
• an ungracious industrial city

• 住友重機械工業
• Sumitomo Heavy Industries

• サムスン重工業
• Samsung Heavy Industries

• 中国核工業集団
• China National Nuclear Corporation

• 工業用銀めっき
• Electroplated coatings of silver for engineering purposes

• 工業用γ線装置
• Industrialγ-ray apparatus for radiography

• 工業用Ｘ線装置
• Industrial X-ray apparatus for radiographic testing

• 工業用板ふるい
• Industrial plate screens

• 工業用水ポンプ
• industrial water pump

• 工業所有権保護
• protection of industrial property

• 光ファイバ工業
• optical fiber industry

• 住友原子力工業
• The Sumitomo Atomic Energy Industries, Inc. (SAEI)

• 三菱原子力工業
• Mitsubishi Atomic Power Industries, Inc. (MAPI)

• アセンブリー工業
• assembly industry

• 工業高等専門学校
• technical junior college
• Kougyoukoutousenmongakkou
• National College of Technology

• やながわ工業団地
• Yanagawa Industrial Park

• サンモク工業工場
• Sanmokukougyou Factory

• ダイキン工業工場
• Daikinkougyou Factory

• ダイハツ工業工場
• Daihatsukougyou Factory

• トクセン工業工場
• Tokusenkougyou Factory

• 綾羽工業高島工場
• Ayahakougyoutakashima Factory

• 衣浦食品工業団地
• Kinugaurashokuhin Industrial Park

• 宇治田原工業団地
• Ujitawara Industrial Park

• 英国工業規格協会
• British Engineering Standard Association

• 益田拠点工業団地
• Masudakyoten Industrial Park

• 会津若松工業団地
• Aiduwakamatsu Industrial Park

• 機械金属工業団地
• Kikaikinzoku Industrial Park

• 吉田工業九州工場
• Yoshidakougyoukyuushuu Factory

• 吉田工業四国工場
• Yoshidakougyoushikoku Factory

• 吉田工業東北工場
• Yoshidakougyoutouhoku Factory

• 久喜菖蒲工業団地
• Kukishoubu Industrial Park

• 宮崎工業専門学校
• Miyazakikougyousenmongakkou

• 峡南地域工業団地
• Kyounanchiiki Industrial Park

• 極東開発工業工場
• Kyokutoukaihatsukougyou Factory

• 空知中核工業団地
• Sorachichuukakukoujoudanchi

• 熊本総合工業団地
• Kumamotosougou Industrial Park

• 熊本中核工業団地
• Kumamotochuukaku Industrial Park

• 原町木材工業団地
• Haranomachimokuzai Industrial Park

• 好間中核工業団地
• Yoshimachuukaku Industrial Park

• 工業経営研究学会
• Association for the Study of Industrial Management (Japan)

• 工業用水浄配水場
• Kougyouyousuijouhaisuijo

• 工業用水道浄水場
• Kougyouyousuidou water purification plant

• 江刺中核工業団地
• Esashichuukaku Industrial Park

• 甲府南部工業団地
• Koufunanbu Industrial Park

• 高崎東部工業団地
• Takasakitoubu Industrial Park

• 合成樹脂工業協会
• Japan Thermosetting Plastics Industry Association

• 三島沢地工業団地
• Mishimasawaji Industrial Park

• 山形西部工業団地
• Yamagataseibu Industrial Park

• 山形臨空工業団地
• Yamagatarinkuu Industrial Park

• 住友化学工業工場
• Sumitomokagakukougyou Factory

• 勝央中核工業団地
• Shououchuukaku Industrial Park

• 松下電子工業工場
• Matsushitadenshikougyou Factory

• 上山鉾田工業団地
• Kamiyamahokota Industrial Park

• 常磐鹿島工業団地
• Joubankashima Industrial Park

• 常陸太田工業団地
• Hitachioota Industrial Park

• 食品加工業者協会
• National Food Processors Association
• NFPA

• 信越化学工業工場
• Shin'etsukagakukougyou Factory

• 新潟東港工業団地
• Niigatahigashikou Industrial Park

• 新庄中核工業団地
• Shinjouchuukaku Industrial Park

• 神島化学工業工場
• Kamishimakagakukougyou Factory

• 盛岡北部工業団地
• Moriokahokubu Industrial Park

• 西薩中核工業団地
• Seisatsuchuukaku Industrial Park

• 石油化学工業協会
• Japan Petrochemical Industry Association

• 千歳臨空工業団地
• Chitoserinkuu Industrial Park

• 川越狭山工業団地
• Kawagoesayama Industrial Park

• 双葉電子工業工場
• Futabadenshikougyou Factory

• 相馬中核工業団地
• Soumachuukaku Industrial Park

• 足利東部工業団地
• Ashikagadoubu Industrial Park

• 台山高森工業団地
• Daiyamatakamori Industrial Park

• 大建工業岡山工場
• Daikenkougyouokayama Factory

• 大川家具工業団地
• Ookawakagu Industrial Park

• 筑波西部工業団地
• Tsukubaseibu Industrial Park

• 筑波東部工業団地
• Tsukubatoubu Industrial Park

• 筑波南桂工業団地
• Tsukubaminamikatsura Industrial Park

• 中央電気工業工場
• Chuuoudenkikougyou Factory

• 中国化繊工業協会
• China Chemical Fibers Association
• CCFA

• 中小企業工業団地
• Chuushoukigyou Industrial Park

• 鳥栖西部工業団地
• Tosuseibu Industrial Park

• 津山中核工業団地
• Tsuyamachuukaku Industrial Park

• 田村西部工業団地
• Tamuraseibu Industrial Park

• 島原三会工業団地
• Shimabaramie Industrial Park

• 東海ゴム工業工場
• Toukaigomukougyou Factory

• 東海耐火工業工場
• Toukaitaikakougyou Factory

• 東海電子工業団地
• Toukaidenshi Industrial Park

• 東根大森工業団地
• Touneoomori Industrial Park
• Higashineoomori Industrial Park

• 二村化学工業工場
• Nimurakagakukougyou Factory
• Futamurakagakukougiyou Factory

• 日信化学工業工場
• Nisshinkagakukougyou Factory

• 日曹油化工業工場
• Nissouyukakougyou Factory

• 日本化学工業協会
• Japan Chemical Industry Association

• 日本光学工業協会
• Japan Optical Industry Association

• 日本航空電子工業
• Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited

• 日本自動車工業会
• Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
• JAMA Japan Automobile Manufacturers' Association
• Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association,Inc. (JAMA)

• 日本製薬工業協会
• Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
• Japan Pharmaceuticals Manufacturers Association

• 日本毛織工業協会
• Japan Worsted and Woollen Weavers' Association

• 能登中核工業団地
• Notochuukaku Industrial Park

• 八尾中核工業団地
• Yatsuochuukaku Industrial Park

• 浜松技術工業団地
• Hamamatsugijutsu Industrial Park

• 富士重工業製作所
• Fujijuukougyouseisakujo

• 富士小山工業団地
• Fujioyama Industrial Park

• 富士裾野工業団地
• Fujisusono Industrial Park

• 富士長泉工業団地
• Fujinagaizumi Industrial Park

• 武豊富貴工業団地
• Taketoyotomi Industrial Park

• 平原南部工業団地
• Hiraharananbu Industrial Park

• 米国化学工業協会
• American Chemistry Council
• ACC

• 米国工業衛生協会
• American Industrial Hygiene Association

• 米国製薬工業協会
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (pn)

• 芳賀西部工業団地
• Hagaseibu Industrial Park

• 芳賀東部工業団地
• Hagatoubu Industrial Park

• 豊栄北部工業団地
• Toyosakahokubu Industrial Park

• 豊岡中核工業団地
• Toyookachuukaku Industrial Park
• Toyooka Industrial Park

• 豊和工業稲沢工場
• Houwakougyouinazawa Factory

• 北伊勢工業用水道
• Kitaisekougyouyousuidou

• 北伊勢工業用水路
• Kitaisekougyouyousuiro

• 北海道工業研究所
• Hokkaido National Industrial Research Institute

• 北上南部工業団地
• Kitakaminanbu Industrial Park

• 北陸工業専門学校
• Hokurikukougyousenmongakkou

• 諫早中核工業団地
• Isahayachuukaku Industrial Park

• 鶯沢工業高校前駅
• Uguisuzawakougyoukoukoumae Station (st)

• 工業用水道事業法
• Industrial Water Supply Business Law
• The Industrial Water Supply Business Law

• 優良工業製造規範
• good industrial large scale practice
• GILSP

• 工業用キシロール
• technical xylol

• 工業用水試験方法
• Testing Methods for Industrial Water

• 日本工業用水協会
• Japan Industrial Water Association

• 工業用アルコール
• spirit

• 日本自動車工業界
• Japan Automotive Manufacturers Association

• 中国電器工業協会
• CEEIA China Electrical Equipment Industry

• 日本電設工業協会
• Japan Electrical Construction Association

• 工業再配置促進法
• Industrial Relocation Promotion Law

• 国連工業開発機関
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization

• 米国航空機工業会
• American Association of Aircraft Manufacturers

• 米国自動車工業会
• Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States

• 西安軽工業大学院
• Graduate School of Xi'an Institute of Light Industry

• 鉱工業動態統計室
• Office of Current Survey for Mining and Manufacturing

• 工業所有権審議会
• Industrial Property Council

• 日本は工業国だ。
• Japan is an industrial nation.

• 主要な工業中心地
• a major industrial center

• 衣類工業の中心地
• a center of the clothing industry

• 工業化された土地
• an industrialized land

• ハルビン工業大学
• Harbin Institute of Technology

• 工業省 (タイ)
• Ministry of Industry (Thailand)

• 徳島工業短期大学
• Tokushima College of Technology

• 東京工業品取引所
• Tokyo Commodity Exchange

• 西安飛機工業公司
• Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation

• 欧州自動車工業会
• European Automobile Manufacturers Association

• 新興工業経済地域
• Newly industrialized country

• 瀋陽飛機工業集団
• Shenyang Aircraft Corporation

• 化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies

• 昌河飛機工業公司
• Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation

• 金策工業総合大学
• Kim Chaek University of Technology

• タイ工業団地公社
• Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand

• クラクフ工業大学
• Cracow University of Technology

• 中国北方工業公司
• Norinco

• 輸出志向型工業化
• Export-oriented industrialization

• 成都飛機工業公司
• Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group

• 蛇の目ミシン工業
• Janome

• 中国南方工業集団
• China South Industries Group

• 工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies

• 韓国自動車工業会
• Korea Automobile Manufacturer Association

• 英国自動車工業会
• Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, UK

• 製造工業生産予測
• Index of Manufacturing Production Forecast

• 工業用ステープル
• Staples

• 工業用ナフタレン
• Naphthalene for industrial use

• 工業用グリセリン
• Glycerines for industrial use

• 工業用アミラーゼ
• Amylase for industrial use

• プラスチック工業
• plastics industry

• 工業用テレビジョン
• industrial television

• 日本電子機械工業会
• Electronic Industries Association of Japan
• EIAJ

• つくばの里工業団地
• Tsukubanosato Industrial Park

• つくば真壁工業団地
• Tsukubamakabe Industrial Park

• つくば明野工業団地
• Tsukubaakeno Industrial Park

• プレス工業藤沢工場
• Puresukougyoufujisawa Factory

• 愛知機械工業港工場
• Aichikikaikougyouminato Factory

• 綾部草加部工業団地
• Ayabekusakabe Industrial Park

• 宇部アンモニア工業
• Ubeanmoniakougyou

• 沖電気工業事業本部
• Okidenkikougyoujigyouhonbu

• 寒河江中央工業団地
• Sagaechuuou Industrial Park

• 九州工業技術研究所
• Kyushu National Industrial Research Institute

• 古河電気工業事業所
• Kogadenkikougyoujimusho

• 香川とかめ工業団地
• Kagawatokame Industrial Park

• 四国工業技術研究所
• Shikoku National Industrial Research Institute
• Shikokukougyougijutsukenkyuujo

• 七曲臨空港工業団地
• Nanamagaririnkuukou Industrial Park

• 小名浜臨海工業団地
• Onahamarinkai Industrial Park

• 昭和飛行機工業工場
• Shouwahikoukikougyou Factory

• 松下寿電子工業工場
• Matsushitakotobukidenshikougyou Factory

• 松本市臨空工業団地
• Matsumotoshirinkuu Industrial Park

• 諏訪南原村工業団地
• Suwaminamiharamura Industrial Park

• 全米医薬品工業協会
• National Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
• NAPM

• 大阪工業技術研究所
• Osaka National Institute, AIST
• Oosakakougyougijutsukenkyuujo

• 大和ハウス工業工場
• Daiwahausukougyou Factory

• 筑波南奥原工業団地
• Tsukubaminamiokuhara Industrial Park

• 中国工業技術研究所
• Chugoku National Industrial Research Institute

• 中津川中核工業団地
• Nakatsugawachuukakukoukyoudanchi

• 田窪工業所東予工場
• Takubokougyoutouyo Factory

• 土浦千代田工業団地
• Tsuchiurachiyoda Industrial Park

• 土気緑の森工業団地
• Tokemidorinomori Industrial Park

• 東広島中核工業団地
• Higashihiroshimachuukaku Industrial Park

• 東洋熱工業株式会社
• Toyo Netsu Kogyo Kaisha Limited

• 苫小牧東部工業基地
• Tomakomaitoubukougyoukichi

• 日本ロボット工業会
• Japan Robot Association

• 日本金属工業製造所
• Nihonkinzokukougyouseisakusho

• 日本産業機械工業会
• Japan Society of Industrial Machinery Manufacturers

• 日野自動車工業工場
• Hinojidoushakougyou Factory

• 芳賀高根沢工業団地
• Hagatakanezawa Industrial Park

• 立川ブラインド工業
• Tachikawa Corporation

• 工業分析（石炭の）
• proximate (technical) analysis

• 日本工業標準調査会
• Japanese industrial standards committee
• JISC (Japanese Industrial Standards Committee)
• Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)

• 工業廃棄物たい積場
• industrial waste dam

• 工業副産物ポゾラン
• industrial byproducts pozzolans

• 米国冷凍空調工業会
• ARI The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute

• 資源循環型工業団地
• industrial parks with environmentally sound resource cycle

• 国際化学工業協議会
• International Council of Chemical Association

• 日本冷凍空調工業会
• Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association

• 日本石鹸洗剤工業会
• Japan Soap and Detergent Association

• 米国レコード工業会
• Recording Industry Association of America

• 工業労務の先取特権
• Statutory Liens for Industrial Labor

• 日本工業規格の制定
• Enactment of the Japanese Industrial Standards

• 日本工業規格の尊重
• Respect for the Japanese Industrial Standards

• 工業教員養成所廃止
• The College of Technology was closed.

• 郡長工業専門大学校
• Guncho Technical University

• 英国中部の工業都市
• an industrial city in central England

• ルールの工業中心地
• industrial center of the Ruhr

• 工業中心地と保養地
• an industrial center and health resort

• 主要港で工業の中心
• a major seaport and industrial center

• 工業的に生産される
• industrially produced

• 内モンゴル工業大学
• Inner Mongolia University of Technology

• プリンス自動車工業
• Prince Motor Company

• 商工業的公施設法人
• Agencies of the government of France

• 鉱工業生者出向指数
• Indices of Producers Shipments in Mining and Manufacturing

• 工業用燃焼装置用語
• Glossary of Terms−Relating to Industrial Combustion Equipments

• 工業用電子カウンタ
• Electronic counter for industrial use

• 工業計器の目盛通則
• General Rules for Scale of Industrial Instruments

• 工業計器の指針通則
• General Rules for Pointers of Industrial Instruments

• 三菱重工業株式会社
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (MHI)

• 欧州電子計算機工業会
• European Computer Manufactures Association
• ECMA

• イズミ自動車工業工場
• Izumijidoushakougiyou Factory

• カメラ映像機器工業会
• Camera & Imaging Products Association

• 阿南工業高等専門学校
• Anan National College of Technology
• ACT

• 育英工業高等専門学校
• Salesian Polytechnic

• 塩化ビニール工業協会
• Japanese PVC Association

• 光学工業技術研究組合
• Japan Optical Engineering Research Association

• 高地西南中核工業団地
• Kouchiseinanchuukaku Industrial Park

• 佐賀東部中核工業団地
• Sagatoubuchuukaku Industrial Park

• 三菱自動車工業製作所
• Mitsubishijidoushakougyouseisakujo

• 三菱重工業長崎研究所
• Mitsubishijuukougyounagasakikenkyuujo

• 三菱重工業長崎造船所
• Mitsubishijuukougyounagasakizousenjo

• 住友化学工業愛媛工場
• Sumitomokagakukougyouehime Factory

• 住友金属工業製鉄工場
• Sumitomokinzokukougyouseitetsu Factory

• 水戸北部中核工業団地
• Mitohokubuchuukaku Industrial Park

• 水島機械金属工業団地
• Mizushimakikaikinzoku Industrial Park

• 石川島播磨重工業工場
• Ishikawajimaharimajuukougyou Factory
• Ishikawajimaharimajoukougyou Factory

• 仙台北部中核工業団地
• Sendaihokubuchuukaku Industrial Park

• 大韓民国製薬工業協会
• Korean Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

• 津山工業高等専門学校
• Tsuyamakougyousenmonkoukou

• 鶴岡工業高等専門学校
• Tsuruokakougyoukoutousenmongakkou

• 電波工業高等専門学校
• Denpakougyoukoutousenmongakkou

• 日本工業技術振興協会
• Japan Technology Transfer Association
• JTTAS

• 日本工作機械工業協会
• Japan Machine Tool Builders' Association

• 日本自動販売機工業会
• Japan Vending Machine Manufacturers Association

• 日本電子工業振興協会
• Japan Electronics Industry Development Association
• JEIDA
• Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA)

• 米国研究製薬工業協会
• Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
• PhRMA

• 米子工業高等専門学校
• Yonagokougyoukoutousenmongakkou

• 名古屋工業技術研究所
• National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya

• 立山アルミニウム工業
• Tateyama Aluminium Plant

• 日本自動車部品工業界
• Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA)

• 中国電子音響工業協会
• CAIA Chinese Audio Industry Association

• 工業オートメーション
• IA Industrial Automation

• 中核工業団地造成事業
• core industrial park development project

• (社)日本電機工業会
• Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association

• 2年制の工業短期大学
• technical college

• 扶桑化学工業株式会社
• Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd.

• 京都北部中核工業団地
• Northern Kyoto Industrial Park

• 平工業団地（舞鶴市）
• Taira Industrial Park (Maizuru City)

• 京都府長田野工業団地
• Osadano Industrial Park, Kyoto Prefecture

• 京都府立工業高等学校
• Kyoto Prefectural High School of Technology

• 新菱冷熱工業舞鶴工場
• Maizuru Plant, Shinryo Corporation

• 京都工業専門学校時代
• Period of the Kyoto Special School of Technology

• ウクライナの工業地域
• an industrial region in the Ukraine

• 軽工業が盛んな住宅地
• residential area with light industry

• ホーチミン市工業大学
• Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

• X10 (工業規格)
• X10 (industry standard)

• 国際連合工業開発機関
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization

• 国際自動車工業連合会
• Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles

• 東洋食品工業短期大学
• Toyo College of Food Technology

• 欧州自動車部品工業会
• European Association of Automotive Suppliers

• ドイツ自動車工業会
• German Automotive Industry Association

• 生産指数 (鉱工業)
• Index of Industries Production (Mining and Manufacturing) / Indices of Industrial Production

• 製造工業生産予測指数
• Survey of Production Forecast in Manufacturing (Now, Planned Production on a month-on-month basis)

• 工業技術総合センター
• Integrated Industrial Research Center

• 工業用硬化油・脂肪酸
• Hardened oils and fatty acids for industrial use

• 工業雷管及び電気雷管
• Blasting caps and electric blasting caps

• プラスチック加工工業
• plastics processing industry

• プラスチック製造工業
• plastics manufacturing industry

• 日本自動車部品工業会
• Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA)

• 武田薬品工業株式会社
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

• びわ湖東部中核工業団地
• Biwakotoubuchuukaku Industrial Park

• 関東自動車工業岩手工場
• Kantoujidoushakougyouiwate Factory

• 岩手中部金ヶ崎工業団地
• Iwatechuubukanegasaki Industrial Park

• 熊本県工業技術センター
• Kumamoto Industrial Research Center

• 広島自動車工業短期大学
• Hiroshimajidoushakougyou Junior College

• 三菱重工業相模原製作所
• Mitsubishijuukougyousagamiharaseisakujo

• 住友金属工業鹿島製鉄所
• Sumitomokinzokukougyoukashimaseitetsujo

• 松下寿電子工業大洲工場
• Matsushitakotobukidenshikougyouoozu Factory

• 新居浜工業高等専門学校
• Niihama National College of Technology

• 生命工学工業技術研究所
• National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology
• National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology
• NIBH

• 石川島播磨重工業呉工場
• Ishikawajimaharimajuukougyoukure Factory

• 長崎県工業技術センター
• Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki
• ITCN

• 電気化学工業大牟田工場
• Denkikagakukougyouoomuta Factory

• 日野自動車工業羽村工場
• Hinojidoushakougyouhamura Factory

• 福井県工業技術センター
• Industrial Technology Center of Fukui Prefecture

• 物質工学工業技術研究所
• National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research

• 日本工業規格（ＪＩＳ）
• Japanese Industrial Standards

• 社団法人日本電機工業会
• JEMA The Japan Electrical Manufactures' Association

• (社)日本自動車工業会
• Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

• (社)日本化学工業協会
• Japan Chemical Industry Association

• 欧州コンピュータ工業会
• European Computer Manufactures Association

• 英国最大の化学工業会社
• Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

• 工業所有権に関する条約
• Treaties on the industrial property rights; and

• 工業所有権に関する法令
• Laws and regulations relating to industrial property rights; and

• 鉱工業承継勘定の廃止等
• Elimination, etc. of the Account for Functions Related to Mining and Industry Succession

• 倉谷工業団地 (京都)
• Kuratani Industrial Park (Kyoto Prefecture)
• Kuratani industrial complex (Kyoto Prefecture)

• 喜多工業団地（舞鶴市）
• Kita Industrial Park (Maizuru City)

• 長浜工業団地（舞鶴市）
• Nagahama Industrial park (Maizuru City)

• 日之出化学工業舞鶴工場
• Maizuru Plant of Hinode Kagaku Kogyo Kaisha, Ltd.

• 三菱自動車工業京都工場
• Kyoto Powertrain Plant, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation

• 有機化学工業製品製造業
• Organic chemical product manufacturing

• 無機化学工業製品製造業
• Inorganic chemical product manufacturing

• 工業所有権情報・研修館
• National Center for Industrial Property Information and Training (INPIT)

• 農業から工業国への変換
• the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

• 東ポーランドの工業都市
• an industrial city of eastern Poland

• サンパウロの郊外工業地
• an industrial suburb of Sao Paulo

• リゾート地で工業中心地
• resort and industrial center

• 工業加工で広く使われる
• widely used in industrial processing

• 工業生産の戦前のレベル
• prewar levels of industrial production

• 大阪工業大学短期大学部
• Osaka Institute of Technology Junior College

• 韓国の化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of South Korea

• 日本の化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of Japan

• 本田技研工業の製品一覧
• List of Honda vehicles

• 日本の工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Japan

• 本田技研工業のエンジン
• Honda engines

• 中国の工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of the People's Republic of China

• 各国の工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies by country

• 東北部工業技術センター
• Northeastern Industrial Research Center

• 工業用燃焼炉の安全通則
• General Safety Code for Industrial Combustion Furnaces

• 工業用水腐食性試験方法
• Testing method for corrosivity of industrial water

• 日本電気工業会標準規格
• JEM

• 工業安全装置製造業者協会
• Industrial Safety Manufacturers Association

• 住友重機械工業愛媛製造所
• Sumitomojuukikaikougyouehimeseizousho

• 石川島播磨重工業株式会社
• Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
• IHI

• 千葉工業大学茜浜運動施設
• Chibakougyoudaigakuakanehamaundoushisetsu

• 繊維工業構造改善事業協会
• Textile Industry Restructuring Agency

• 大日本インキ化学工業工場
• Dainihon'inkikagakukougyou Factory

• 中華民国工業安全衛生協会
• Industrial Safety and Health Association of the Taiwan
• ISHA

• 東京都立杉並工業高等学校
• Tokyo Metropolitan Suginami Technical High School

• 日本プラスチック工業連盟
• Japan Plastics Industry Federation

• JIS (日本工業規格)
• JIS (Japanese Industrial Standars)

• コンピュータ支援工業生産
• CAM computer aided manufacturing

• 農村地域工業等導入促進法
• Law on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions

• 中村科学器械工業株式会社
• Nakamura Scientific Instruments Industry Co. Ltd.

• 1946年立山重工業製。
• Manufactured in 1946 by Tateyama Heavy Industries.

• 1948年三菱重工業製。
• Manufactured in 1948 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

• 1946年三菱重工業製。
• Manufactured in 1946 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

• 綾部市工業団地（綾部市）
• Ayabe City Industrial Park (Ayabe City)

• 京都市立洛陽工業高等学校
• Rakuyo Technical High School, Kyoto City
• Kyoto Municipal Rakuyo Technical High School

• 京都市立伏見工業高等学校
• Kyoto Municipal Fushimi Technical Senior High School

• 三菱自動車工業京都製作所
• Kyoto factory, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation

• U …日産ディーゼル工業
• U: UD Trucks (Nissan Diesel)

• 工業中心地、産業の中心地
• industrial center

• 工業プロセスに必要な原料
• the raw material that is required for some industrial process

• ドネツ盆地にある工業都市
• an industrial city in the Donets Basin

• 商工業の会社とその構成員
• a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

• 日本の本州南部の工業都市
• an industrial city of Japan in southern Honshu

• 長い間重要な都市工業地区
• long an important urban industrial area

• ロシアの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Russia

• ドイツの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Germany

• ドイツの化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of Germany

• 三菱自動車工業のエンジン
• Mitsubishi Motors engines

• スイスの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Switzerland

• 社団法人日本自動車工業会
• Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

• フランス自動車部品工業会
• French Vehicle Equipment Industries

• 工業用金及び金合金めっき
• Electroplated coatings of gold and gold alloy for engineering purposes

• 工業技術院機械技術研究所
• Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (MEL)

• 住友重機械工業新居浜製造所
• Sumitomojuukikaikougyouniihamaseizousho

• 水島機械金属工業団地西団地
• Mizushimakikaikinzokukougyoudanchinishidanchi

• EIA （米国電子工業会）
• EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance)

• DIN (ドイツ工業規格)
• DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen)

• 組換えDNA技術工業化指針
• Guideline for Industrialization of Recombinant DNA Technology

• 日本冷凍空調工業会標準規格
• Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association Standard

• 工業整備特別地域整備促進法
• Law for Promoting Development of Special Areas for Industrial Consolidation

• 国際工業デザイン団体協議会
• International Council of Societies of Industrial Design

• 工業団地造成事業の予定区域
• Scheduled areas for industrial park development projects;

• 日本工業規格への適合の表示
• Labeling of Compliance with the Japanese Industrial Standards

• 長田野工業団地（福知山市）
• Osadano Industrial Park (Fukuchiyama City)

• ７月の工業生産は急増した。
• Industrial production in July rose sharply.

• ジンバブエ南西部の工業都市
• industrial city in southwestern Zimbabwe

• 商工業に従事している資本家
• a capitalist who engages in industrial commercial enterprise

• 工業の労働を行うための建物
• buildings for carrying on industrial labor

• 中国の工業化された繊維生産
• The Chinese industrialized textile production

• イタリアの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Italy

• オランダの化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of the Netherlands

• フランスの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of France

• 大阪府立大学工業短期大学部
• Osaka Prefecture University College of Industrial
• Osaka Prefectural University Junior College of Technology

• イギリスの化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of the United Kingdom

• イギリスの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom

• 中華人民共和国工業情報化部
• Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China

• ブラジルの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Brazil

• オランダの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of the Netherlands

• 工業用水中の鉄細菌試験方法
• Testing method for detection of iron bacteria in industrial water

• 化学工業用耐酸磁器充てん物
• Tower packings of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry

• 三井アルミニウム工業三池工場
• Mitsui Aluminium Industries, Miike Mill

• 東京都立航空工業高等専門学校
• Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautical Engineering

• 工業標準の確認、改正及び廃止
• Confirmation, Amendment and Abolishment of an Industrial Standard

• 京都府綾部工業団地（綾部市）
• Kyoto Prefecture Ayabe Industrial Park (Ayabe City)

• 手工業部門に携わる者が多い。
• Most of them were engaged in handicraft manufacturing.

• 工業所有権情報・研修館分科会
• National Center for Industrial Property Information Subcommittee

• その国は急速に工業化された。
• The country was industrialized very quickly.

• ハリスバーグの東側の工業都市
• an industrial town to the east of Harrisburg

• ブエノスアイレスの郊外工業地
• an industrial suburb of Buenos Aires

• ホンジュラス北西部の工業都市
• industrial city in northwestern Honduras

• ロシアの欧州の部分の工業都市
• an industrial city in the European part of Russia

• 川崎重工業航空宇宙カンパニー
• Kawasaki Aerospace Company

• 国立科学工業園区実験高級中学
• National Experimental High School
• International Bilingual School at Hsinchu Science Park

• 工業用水中の硫黄細菌試験方法
• Testing method for detection of sulfur bacteria in industrial water

• 化学工業用耐酸磁器の一般通則
• General rules of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry

• 化学工業用耐酸磁器の試験方法
• Testing methods for acid proof porcelain of chemical industry

• 競合〔農業用水と工業用水との〕
• conflict
• crash

• エレクトロニクス産業 電子工業
• electronics industry

• 工業用ロボット 産業用ロボット
• industrial robot

• 地盤沈下防止対策工業用水道事業
• industrial water supply program for preventing ground subsidence

• 日本工業規格JISQ14001
• Japan Industrial Standard JISQ 14001

• 高度技術工業集積地域開発促進法
• Law for Accelerating Regional Development Based upon High-Technology Industrial Complexes

• 表示の付してある鉱工業品の輸入
• Importation of mineral or industrial products on which the label is affixed

• 1944年 工業専門学校開校。
• 1944: The Doshisha Engineering College was established.

• 工業的に製造されている、市販の
• commercially produced

• サンチアゴの南のチリの工業都市
• an industrial city in Chile to the south of Santiago

• 中央南部フィンランドの工業都市
• an industrial city in south central Finland

• 家内工業は大きな労働力を要する
• cottage industries are labor intensive

• 中国-シンガポール蘇州工業園区
• Suzhou Industrial Park

• かつて存在した工業製品メーカー
• Defunct manufacturing companies

• スウェーデンの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Sweden

• オーストリアの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Austria

• フィンランドの工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of Finland

• 工業用リパーゼの活性度測定方法
• Determination of lipolytic activity of lipase for industrial use

• 天然黒鉛の工業分析及び試験方法
• Methods for industrial analysis and testing of natural graphite

• セメント工業用窯炉の熱勘定方式
• Heat balancing of cement rotary kiln

• 倉谷工業団地 (京都)（舞鶴市）
• Kuratani Industrial Park (Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture)

• 丹後織物工業組合（丹後ちりめん）
• Tango Textile Industry Association (Tango chirimen (silk crepe))

• パリ市立工業物理化学高等専門学校
• City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution

• 重工業はいつも戦争で利益を得る。
• Heavy industry always benefits from war.

• 政府は工業の振興計画を開始した。
• The government started a program to promote industry.

• カナダ中部の工業化された富裕な州
• a prosperous and industrialized province in central Canada

• アメリカ合衆国の化学工業メーカー
• Chemical companies of the United States

• 工業所有権の保護に関するパリ条約
• Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

• アメリカ合衆国の工業製品メーカー
• Manufacturing companies of the United States

• 工業プロセス計測制御用語及び定義
• Industrial-process measurement and control−Terms and definitions

• 工業用水・工場排水の試料採取方法
• Sampling methods for industrial water and industrial wastewater

• 工業用水中の硫酸塩還元菌試験方法
• Testing method for detection and enumeration of sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial water

• 平成10年工業統計「用地・用水編」
• FY 1998 Industry Census: Site and Use of Water

• 藤沢商店（藤沢薬品工業）の創業者。
• He was the founder of Fujisawa Shoten (later became Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).

• 大鉄工業によって工事が行なわれる。
• The construction was performed by DAITETSU KOGYO CO., LTD.

• 府立工業高校への通学の利用が多い。
• Many passengers are students of the Prefectural High School of Technology.

• 22系統：（久我経由）南工業団地行
• Route 22: Bound for Minami Kogyodanchi (the south industrial park) (via Koga)

• 1961年5月　工業教員養成所設置
• In May, 1961, the College of Technology was established.

• 多くの人々が工業都市で働いている。
• Many people work in industrial towns.

• その国はさらに工業化が進んでいる。
• The country is well on the way to industrialization.

• 工業製品の品質の基準を維持すること
• maintenance of standards of quality of manufactured goods

• ロシアのヨーロッパの地域の工業都市
• an industrial city in the European part of Russia

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第5部：表示
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 5 : Marking

• 工業用プラグ，コンセント及びカプラ
• Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes

• 工業用水中のスフェロチルス試験方法
• Testing method for detection of Sphaerotilus in industrial water

• 工業用液化塩素−塩素含有量の求め方
• Liquid chlorine for industrial use−Determination of the chlorine content

• 工業地域を含む架空線・地中線混在系統
• Model III 66kV Suburban system model

• 鉱工業品の日本工業規格への適合の表示
• Labeling of Compliance with the Japanese Industrial Standards of Mineral or Industrial Products

• 加工技術の日本工業規格への適合の表示
• Labeling of Compliance of a Processing Technology with the Japanese Industrial Standards

• 水産加工業及び水産流通業の健全な発展
• Sound Development of Fishery Processing Industry and Fishery Marketing

• オハイオ北西部エリー湖沿岸の工業都市
• an industrial city in northwestern Ohio on Lake Erie

• ベルギー北西部の港湾都市で工業中心地
• port city in northwestern Belgium and industrial center

• 工業用塩酸−第４部：強熱残分の求め方
• Hydrochloric acid for industrial use−Part 4 : Determination of ignition residue method

• 工業用Ｘ線装置の実効焦点寸法測定方法
• Measurement of the effective focal spot size for industrial X-ray apparatus

• 日本工業標準調査会 （第三条―第十条）
• Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (Articles 3 to 10)

• ―　喜久夫（四男）が一澤帆布工業を退社
• - Kikuo (the fourth son) retired Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.

• 大和ハウス工業（株）「総合技術研究所」
• Daiwa House Industry Central Research Laboratory

• 日本は工業化の結果急激な変貌を遂げた。
• Japan has undergone a drastic change as a result of industrialization.

• 天然の物質を精製するための工業用の建物
• an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance

• 豊かな農業地域の中心に位置する工業都市
• industrial city at the center of a rich agricultural region

• ミンスクの東南部のベラルーシの工業都市
• industrial city of Belarus to the southeast of Minsk

• 工業プロセス計測制御機器の使用環境条件
• Operating conditions for industrial-process measurement and control equipment

• 工業規格の標準化に携わっている米政府機関
• National Institute of Standards and Technology

• 鉱工業品等の日本工業規格への適合性の認証
• Certification of Compliance of Mineral or Industrial Products, etc. with the Japanese Industrial Standards

• 住江工業（陸運/海運用車両座席メーカー）
• Suminoe Industries (Maker of seats for land and sea transport vehicles)

• 工業統計における生産高も一進一退である。
• Thus industrial output in the industrial statistics is ever-changing.

• 五男 五郎（実業家）東京瓦斯電気工業社長
• Fifth son : Goro (businessman) president of the Tokyo Gas Electric Engineering Co., Ltd.

• イングランド中部レスターシャーの工業都市
• an industrial city in Leicestershire in central England

• インド中南部（チェンナイの西）の工業都市
• an industrial city in south central India (west of Chennai)

• インド中部の、デリーの南東にある工業都市
• an industrial city of central India to the southeast of Delhi

• ロワール川に面したフランス西部の工業都市
• an industrial city in western France on the Loire River

• 工業地域に囲まれた、郊外の大きな地域社会
• a large suburban community...fringed by an industrial area

• 建築着工床面積 (商、鉱工業、サービス)
• Total Floor Area of Building Construction Started

• 工業プロセス用圧力・差圧伝送器の試験方法
• Methods of evaluating the performance of pressure and differential pressure transmitters for use in industrial-process control systems

• 工業プロセス計測制御機器の性能表示法通則
• General rules for defining expression of the performance of industrial-process measurement and control equipment

• 工業用電気ニッケルめっき及び電鋳ニッケル
• Electroplated coatings of nickel for engineering purposes and electroformings of nickel

• 工業用水・工場排水中のレジオネラ試験方法
• Testing method for detection and enumeration of Legionella in industrial water and wastewater

• 日本工業規格の制定 （第十一条―第十八条）
• Enactment of the Japanese Industrial Standards (Articles 11 to 18)

• 鉱工業技術に関する研究開発を助成すること。
• Providing assistance for R&D concerning mining and industrial technology;

• 一澤帆布工業（一澤帆布店）から独立した経緯
• Background of the independence from Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd (Ichizawa Hanpu Store)

• 高見工業団地・中之島・横野経由 分水駅 行
• Buses bound for Bunsui Station via Takami Kogyo Danchi/Nakanoshima/Yokono

• 工業・商業あるいは専門的な活動における経歴
• a career in industrial or commercial or professional activities

• 商工業に従事する人（特に経営者や幹部社員）
• a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)

• しばしば農業や工業で使われるカリウム化合物
• a potassium compound often used in agriculture and industry

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第４部：検査及び試験
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 4:Inspection and routine testing

• 京都の都市商工業者の間では日蓮宗が普及した。
• The Nichiren sect spread amongst the merchants and traders of Kyoto.

• 工業は主として国道1号線沿いに立地している。
• Industrial facilities are located along the National Route 1.

• （社）関西電子工業振興センター「生駒試験所」
• The Ikoma test institute of Kansai Electronic Industry Development Center

• - 農村部において商工業者が集まってできた町
• town formed with those engaged in commerce and industry in a farming village

• 車両製作：大阪車輌工業株式会社（1996年）
• Rolling stock manufacturer: Osaka Sharyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. (1996)

• 工化会（工学部工業化学科・工学研究科化学系）
• Kokakai (Department of Industrial Chemistry of the Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering of the Graduate School of Engineering, and the like)

• 多賀工業専門学校 (旧制)附設工業教員養成所
• Training School of Technical Teachers Attached to Taga Vocational Technical School (old-system)

• これは日本の工業の起点といってもよいだろう。
• This can be said to be the origin of Japanese industry.

• 自動車は工業製品であり、食料は農作物である。
• Cars are factory products, while foods are farm products.

• 工業よりも金融に関心のある学生のほうが多い。
• More students are interested in finance than in industry.

• 賃金のための特に単純労働か工業労働者について
• of those who work for wages especially manual or industrial laborers

• 工業、農業、商売などにおける、特定の職の訓練
• training for a specific vocation in industry or agriculture or trade

• 分譲マンションは、工業化した地区に建設された
• condominiums were built on the developed site

• 労働階級の職業は工業労働と同様に手工業を含む
• working-class occupations include manual as well as industrial labor

• 日本工業規格Ｃ〇九三〇号で定める防爆構造のもの
• Robots of explosion-proof construction as specified in Japanese Industrial Standard C0930

• 鯨肉は、食用以外の工業資源としても利用された。
• In addition to foods, whale meat has also been used for industrial materials.

• 製品の全ては長田野工業団地の工場で生産される。
• All products are produced in a plant in the Osadano Industrial Park.

• 嵐山花見台工業団地（凸版印刷などの工場がある）
• Ranzan Hanamidai Industrial Park (plants of Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. and other companies exist)

• 手工業原料となる胡麻や桑、楮なども栽培される。
• Plants that served as the raw materials in handicraft industries, including sesame, mulberry, and paper mulberry (kaji), also started to be cultivated.

• 1951年 京都工芸繊維大学工業短期大学部併設
• In 1951, Technical College of KIT was established within the premises.

• 1992年 京都工芸繊維大学工業短期大学部廃止
• In 1992, Technical College of KIT was closed.

• 1944年4月1日： 京都工業専門学校と改称。
• April 1, 1944: The name was changed to Kyoto Special School of Technology.

• 1951年3月： 旧制京都工業専門学校、廃止。
• March, 1951: Kyoto Special School of Technology under the old system ceased to exist.

• 東京工業大学（日本・東京都）（1人）：白川英樹
• Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo (Japan)) (1 person): Hideki SHIRAKAWA

• 工業化は日本の経済発展に多大な影響を及ぼした。
• Industrialization had a great influence on the development of the economy in Japan.

• arti は手工業者や商人の同業者組合である。
• 'Arti' were craft or trade guilds,

• ボンベイの一部を含むインド西部の工業化された州
• an industrialized state in western India that includes parts of Bombay

• 工業生産の副産物として放たれた過フッ化炭化水素
• a fluorocarbon emitted as a by-product of industrial manufacturing

• 川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー
• Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine

• 工業用水・工場排水中のダイオキシン類の測定方法
• Method for determination of tetra- through octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, tetra-through octachlorodibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinatedbiphenyls in industrial water and waste water

• 工業用水・工場排水中のビスフェノールA試験方法
• Testing method for bisphenol A in industrial water and waste water

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第１部：かさ密度の求め方
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 1 : Determination of bulk density

• 岩瀬徳郎の父徳三郎は、元東洋曹達工業社長である。
• Tokuro IWASE's father, Tokusaburo, was president of the former Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

• 1941年3月 京都帝国大学工学部工業化学科卒業
• March 1941 - Graduated from Kyoto Imperial University, School of Engineering Industrial Chemistry Department

• 東京芸術大学美術学部工芸科工業デザイン専攻卒業。
• Graduated from Department of Design of Faculty of Fine Arts of Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music (the present name: Tokyo University of the Arts), majored in industrial design.

• 22系統：（久我経由）南工業団地行/横大路車庫行
• Route 22: Bound for Minami Kogyo Danchi (the south industrial park) (via Koga)/for Yokooji-shako Depot

• 京都市営バス横大路営業所22号系統：南工業団地行
• Kyoto City Bus Yokooji Office Route No. 22: for Minami Kogyo-Danchi (Industrial Park)

• 堀川通から西は小規模な手工業者の混在した住宅街。
• The section west of Horikawa-dori Street passes through a residential area where small scale handicraft manufacturer factories operate amidst residences.

• イングランド南西部、エーボン川河口の工業都市で港
• an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon

• 鉱業権、工業所有権その他これらに類する権利の移転
• transfer of the mining right, industrial property right or other right similar thereto

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第7部：調節弁データシート
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 7 : Control valve data sheet

• 工業用水・工場排水中のフタル酸エステル類試験方法
• Testing method for phthalic acid esters in industrial water and wastewater

• 首都圏の既成市街地における工業等の制限に関する法律
• Law concerning Restriction on Factories in Existing Urbanized Areas of the Metropolitan Region

• クローズドループMHD発電実験装置(東京工業大学)
• closed loop MHD experimental facility

• また、西陣、西陣織は「西陣織工業組合」の登録商標。
• Nishijin and Nishijin ori are registered trade marks of 'Nishijin Textile Industrial Association.'

• 日本羊毛工業会会長、神戸商工会議所会頭をつとめた。
• He worked as the chairman for the Japan Wool Industry and the Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

• 市役所経由 南部工業団地・前川・免許センター前 行
• Buses bound for Nanbu Kogyo Danchi (industrial park)/Maekawa/Driving License Center via City Hall

• 78号系統：（八条口経由）京都駅行／久世工業団地行
• Route No. 78: for Kyoto Station (via Hachijoguchi)/Kuze Kogyo-Danchi (Industrial Park)

• 中国北東部の黄海に近い大運河にある主要な工業中心地
• a major industrial center in northeastern China on the Grand Canal near the Yellow Sea

• 工業用水・工場排水中のアルキルフェノール類試験方法
• Testing method for alkyl phenols in industrial water and wastewater

• 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構福井工業高等専門学校
• Fukui National College of Technology

• 日本工業規格への適合の表示 （第十九条―第二十四条）
• Labeling of Compliance with the Japanese Industrial Standards (Articles 19 to 24)

• 工業化された製法では、グラインダーで豆を微細に削る。
• In the industrial production process, soybeans are ground finely with a grinder.

• 市内北東部の住川町に工業団地テクノパークならがある。
• There is an industrial complex, Techno-park Nara in Sumikawa-cho in the northeastern part of the city.

• 13系統：久世工業団地行／（西大路通経由）四条烏丸行
• Route 13: Buses bound for Kuze Kogyodanchi (industrial park) /Shijo Karasuma (via Nishioji-dori Street)

• 鋼材不足にも関わらず、工業生産高は５％だけ増加した。
• Despite a shortage of steel, industrial output has increased by five percent.

• 工場その他工業用施設を設置させることを目的とする区域
• a zone designated for the establishment of factories and other industrial facilities

• 工業化するために必要な資本が不足している社会に関して
• relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

• 中学校と工業学校で教えられ、器具と機械の使い方の講座
• a course in the methods of using tools and machinery as taught in secondary schools and technical schools

• ドニエプル川のそばの中東ウクライナの港街及び工業都市
• port city and industrial center in east central Ukraine on the Dnieper River

• 工業用の素材を用いて非具象主義的なオブジェを構成した
• industrial materials were used to construct nonrepresentational objects

• 要点の標準化は、工業にとって何百万ドルの節約になった
• standardization of nuts and bolts had saved industry millions of dollars

• 貧困の原因の多くは、工業の未発達に帰することができる
• much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry

• 工業自動化システム−製造メッセージ仕様−サービス定義
• Industrial automation systems - Manufacturing Message Specification - Part1: Service definition

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第１部：比重又は密度の求め方
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 1 : Specific gravity or density

• 工業用塩酸−第２部：密度測定による塩酸含有量の求め方
• Hydrochloric acid for industrial use−Part 2 : Evaluation of hydrochloric acid concentration by measurement of density

• 就業者は工業高校や高等専門学校の卒業生が中心だという。
• It is said that the workers are mainly graduates of industrial high schools or technical colleges.

• 甲斐荘楠香　京都大学卒、高砂香料工業株式会社の創業者。
• Tadaka KAINOSHO, graduated from Kyoto University, founder of Takasago International Corporation

• 工業製品出荷高は舞鶴市が約2,200億円となっている。
• The total industrial products of the Maizuru City amount to approximately 220 billion yen.

• 光洋機械工業 五條工場（住川町、テクノパーク・なら内）
• Koyo Machine Industries Co., Ltd., Gojo Plant (in Techno-park Nara, Sumikawa-cho)

• 184系統：（太陽が丘ゲート前経由）宇治田原工業団地行
• Route 184: Ujitawara Kogyo-Danchi (industrial park) (via Taiyogaoka gate-mae)
• Route 184: Bound for Ujitawara Kogyodanchi (the Ujitawara industrial park) (via Taiyogaokageto-mae (in front of Taiyogaoka Gate))

• 我々はある程度、手工業に戻った方がいいのかもしれない。
• To some extent we may want to return to handicrafts,

• エレクトロニクス、自動車、工業、造船では世界的な牽引国
• a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building

• ドイツ北西部のルール川の谷間にある大工業地帯で炭坑地域
• a major industrial and coal mining region in the valley of the Ruhr river in northwestern Germany

• ベンガル湾の南東のバングラデシュの港湾都市と工業中心地
• a port city and industrial center in southeastern Bangladesh on the Bay of Bengal

• 工業自動化システム−製造メッセージ仕様−プロトコル仕様
• Industrial automation systems-Manufacturing Message Specification-Part2 : Protocol specification

• 適合性評価−日本工業規格への適合性の認証−一般認証指針
• Conformity assessment-Conformity assessment for Japanese Industrial Standards-General guidance on a third-party certification system for products

• 前三条の規定は、工業標準の確認、改正又は廃止に準用する。
• The provisions of the preceding three articles shall apply mutatis mutandis to the confirmation, amendment or abolishment of an Industrial Standard.

• 登録を受けた者が認証を行う鉱工業品又はその加工技術の区分
• Division of mineral or industrial product or its processing technology that the person accredited is to perform the Certification

• 工業技術資料（日本工業大学収集）178点（日本工業大学）
• Industrial and technological materials (collected by Nihon Institute of Technology): 178 items (Nihon Institute of Technology)

• このため江戸期を代表する商工業都市として町が形成された。
• This area consequently evolved into a city of commerce and industry representative of the Edo period.

• 1942年（昭和17年）頃に満州重工業開発の総裁を辞任。
• Around 1942, he resigned from the president of the Manchurian Industrial Development Company.

• 第一次世界大戦の重工業の発達で人口が増加し児童も増えた。
• The development of heavy industry due to the World War 1 helped to increase population as well as the number of children.

• 苦汁工業を興し、大正5年（1916年）ブルトーゼを発売。
• He also established the bittern industry and launched a tonic medicine 'Blutose' in 1916.

• 特南1系統：（川島六ノ坪町、中久世経由）久世工業団地前行
• Route Special South 1: Bound for Kuze Kogyodanchi-mae (Kuze Industrial Park) (via Kawashima Rokunotsubo-cho/Naka-kuze)

• 次の南四日市駅を過ぎ、工業地帯を抜けると河原田駅に着く。
• After passing Minami-yokkaichi station, the next stop, and the industrial area, trains arrive at Kawarada Station.

• 品官より官位が低く､また工業系官司に多く設置されている。
• Their court ranks were lower than those of Honkan, and most of their duties were related with manufacturing industries.

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第１０部：マンガン含有量の求め方
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 10：Determination of manganese content

• 工業用塩酸−第１部：全酸性度の求め方−第１節：中和滴定法
• Hydrochloric acid for industrial use−Part 1 : Determination of total acidity−Section 1 : Titrimetric method

• 工業用１−ブタノール（ブタン−１−オール）−第２部：品質
• Butan-1-ol for industrial use−Part 2 : Quality

• 工業専用地域は、工業の利便を増進するため定める地域とする。
• Exclusive industrial districts are districts designated to promote convenience for industries.

• 鉱工業品に関する試験、分析、鑑定、検査、検定又は測定の方法
• methods for testing, analyzing, appraising, inspecting, assaying or measuring with regard to mineral or industrial products

• 鉱工業の技術に関する用語、略語、記号、符号、標準数又は単位
• Terms, abbreviations, symbols, signs, standard figures or units related to mineral or industrial technologies

• 機械科・電気科・化学工業科は新制大学に引き継がれなかった。
• Departments of Machinery, Electricity, and Chemical Industry were not continued in the university under the new education system.

• 室蘭工業専門学校 (旧制)附設工業教員養成所（1945年）
• Training School of Technical Teachers Attached to Muroran Vocational Technical School (old-system)

• 日本の競争力は工業製品では非常に強いが、農業産品では弱い。
• Japan's competitiveness is very strong in industrial products, but weak in agricultural products.

• 東南アジアの国は、すばやく工業化して、西洋に追いつくだろう
• The nations of South East Asia will quickly industrialize and catch up with the West

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第１部：調節弁用語及び一般的必要条件
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 1:Control valve terminology and general considerations

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第2部：流れの容量−第3節：試験手順
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 2-3:Flow capacity-Test procedures

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第７部：アルミニウム含有量の求め方
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 7 : Determination of aluminum content

• 外国製造業者が製造する鉱工業品等の日本工業規格への適合の表示
• Labeling of compliance of mineral or industrial products, etc. manufactured by foreign manufacturer with the Japanese Industrial Standards

• ―　一澤帆布工業株式会社が商標出願 （10月8日に商標登録）
• - Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. filed a trademark application (registered on October 8).

• 日本バルカー工業 奈良事業所（住川町、テクノパーク・なら内）
• Nippon Valqua Industries, Ltd., Nara Office (in Techno-park Nara, Sumikawa-cho)

• 22系統　南工業団地/京阪中書島・伏見港公園、横大路車庫ゆき
• Route 22: Bound for Minami Kogyo-danchi (the south industrial park) / for Yokooji-shako Depot through Keihan Chushojima and Fushimi-ko-koen (the Fushimi port park)

• 京都市営バス横大路営業所78号系統：京都駅行、久世工業団地行
• Kyoto City Bus Yokooji Office Route No. 78: for Kyoto Station, Kuze Kogyo-Danchi (Industrial Park)

• 決勝トーナメントでは優勝した金沢工業大学に30対0で敗れた。
• But in the championship tournament, they were defeated with a score of 30-0 against Kanazawa Institute of Technology's team, the champion 2007.

• 衣服、室内装飾、工業製品、広告等の新たなデザインの考案の業務
• Work to develop new designs for apparel, interior decoration, industrial products, advertisements, etc.

• 町の中心から離れて、工業と工場の共同体のために設計された地域
• a tract of land at a distance from city center that is designed for a cluster of businesses and factories

• 工業用に穿孔や研磨に用いられる品質の劣った暗色のダイヤモンド
• an inferior dark diamond used in industry for drilling and polishing

• コークスと粘土の混合物を加熱することで石墨を生成する工業過程
• an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay

• ガスタービン−調達仕様−第５部：用途−石油及び天然ガス工業用
• Gas turbines−Procurement−Part 5 : Applications for petroleum and natural gas industries

• 工業用水・工場排水中のポリクロロビフェニル（ＰＣＢ）試験方法
• Testing methods for polychlorobiphenyl in industrial water and wastewater

• 工業用水・工場排水中の４−ノニルフェノールの異性体別試験方法
• Testing method for individual 4-nonylphenol isomers in industrial water and wastewater

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第４部：硫酸ナトリウム含有量の求め方
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use-Part 4 : Determination of sodium sulfate content

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第６部：５０℃における水不溶物の求め方
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 6 : Determination of matter insoluble in water at 50℃

• 工業用塩酸−第１部：全酸性度の求め方−第２節：電位差滴定方法
• Hydrochloric acid for industrial use−Part 1 : Determination of total acidity−Section 2 : Potentiometric method

• 工業用１−ブタノール（ブタン−１−オール）−第１部：試験方法
• Butan-1-ol for industrial use−Part 1 : Methods of test

• 工業地域は、主として工業の利便を増進するため定める地域とする。
• Industrial districts are districts designated primarily to promote convenience for industries.

• 第十一条の規定により制定された工業標準は、日本工業規格という。
• The Industrial Standards enacted pursuant to the provisions of Article 11 are referred to as the Japanese Industrial Standards.

• 特にダイハツ工業、日立製作所、日立マクセルなどの大工場がある。
• Among them are the large factories of Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd., Hitachi, Ltd. and Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.

• 筒中プラスチック工業 奈良工場（住川町、テクノパーク・なら内）
• Tsutsunaka Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., Nara Plant (in Techno-park Nara, Sumikawa-cho)

• 浜松工業学校（現静岡県立浜松工業高等学校）紡績科を卒業後上京。
• He headed for Tokyo after graduation from the Spinning Department, Hamamatsu Technical School (currently Shizuoka Prefectural Hamamatsu Technical High School).

• 朝廷や寺院が出入りの商工業者に名乗ることを許した非公式な官名。
• They were unofficial names for government posts which the Imperial Court and temples allowed merchants and traders, coming in and going out of the Court and temples, to use.

• 信長が楽市・楽座のような商工業を重視していたことは有名である。
• It is well known that Nobunaga put great emphasis on trade and craft such as rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds).

• 工業区と商業区が一体となった総合的な開発区を目指しております。
• We are aiming for an integrated development zone that combines business and industrial quarters.

• 孤児の少年のための工業学校を設立した（1857年−1945年）
• founded an industrial school for orphan boys (1857-1945)

• 自動車が先進工業国の人々の生活方法を変える前の時間に関するさま
• relating to the time before automobiles (and other inventions) changed the way people lived in industrialized nations

• 電磁両立性−第６−２部：共通規格−工業環境におけるイミュニティ
• Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 6-2: Generic standards- Immunity for industrial environments

• 経済産業省に日本工業標準調査会（以下「調査会」という。）を置く。
• The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (hereinafter referred to as the 'Committee') shall be enacted under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• それが復活できたのは、じつに昭和時代の工業技術によってであった。
• It was revived by an industrial technique in the Showa period.

• 目的は鉄板に付着した工業用の油脂分等を焦がし除去することにある。
• The purpose is to remove machinery oil or fat by burning out.

• 昭和11年に京大の物理学科を卒業、同21年に住友金属工業に入る。
• He graduated from the Kyoto University Department of Physics in 1936, and started working for Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., in 1946.

• 諸民学校には農業学校、通弁学校、商業学校、工業学校が定められた。
• It was provided that Shomin Gakko should include agricultural schools, interpretational schools, commercial schools and technical schools.

• 国立京都陶磁試験場伝習生を経て、京都市立工業研究所窯業部助手に。
• After working at the National Kyoto ceramic pilot plant as a trainee, Shimizu became an assistant in Ceramics Department at the Kyoto Municipal Technical Research Institute.

• 1929年： 本科に陶磁器科を増設 （旧・東京工業大学窯業科）。
• 1929: Department of Ceramics was added to the regular course (old Department of Ceramics Industry in Tokyo Institute of Technology).

• 別科として工業技術員養成科 （機械科、1年制夜間課程） を設置。
• A training course for engineers (Department of Machinery, one year night course) was instituted as another course.

• 手工業においても農業においても私たちは彼らを雇用できないからだ。
• For we can neither employ them in handicraft or agriculture;

• コネチカット川に面したマサチューセッツ南西部の都市で工業の中心地
• a city and manufacturing center in southwestern Massachusetts on the Connecticut River

• 動産の売買、種苗又は肥料の供給、農業の労務及び工業の労務の先取特権
• Statutory liens for the sale of movables, the supply of seed or fertilizer, agricultural labor and industrial labor.

• やがて、18世紀には農村工業として問屋制家内工業が各地に勃興した。
• Before long, in the 18 century domestic industries by wholesale and subcontract systems began to appear in rural area all over the country.

• なお、整備計画区域内の朱雀門南西側には積水化学工業奈良工場がある。
• Besides, to the southwest of the Suzaku-mon Gate within the maintenance project area, Sekisui Chemical Company Nara Plant is situated.

• 1918年（大正7年）名古屋高等工業学校（現・名古屋工業大学）校長
• 1918: He became a principal of Nagoya Higher Technical School (current Nagoya Institute of Technology).

• 京阪宇治交通時代には日産ディーゼル工業製の中型車が予備車であった。
• During the Keihan Uji Transport Co., Ltd. management period, those spare vehicles for substitute operations were the medium-sized vehicles made by the Nissan Diesel Motors Co., Ltd..

• 同志社工業専門学校を設置し、電気通信科、機械科、化学工業科を設置。
• Doshisha Industrial Technical School was established, and the Department of Electric Communication, Department of Mechanics and Department of Chemical Engineering were established.

• 第二次世界大戦中に京都工業専門学校（略称：京都工専）と改称された。
• During the Second World War, it was renamed to Kyoto Special School of Technology (abbreviated name: Kyoto Kosen).

• 第１部は旧制中学校卒業者対象、第２部は工業学校卒業者対象であった。
• The first section was for alumnus of the old education system junior high school, and the second section for alumnus of institute of technology.

• 浜松臨時教員養成所 浜松高等工業学校（1940年 - 1942年）
• Hamamatsu temporary teacher training school, Hamamatsu Higher School of Technology (1940-1942)

• 特殊技能を持った手工業者で図書寮の紙戸や大蔵省の狛戸などが代表的。
• Shinabe were handicraftsmen with special skills as represented by Kamiko of Zushiryo and Komahe of Okurasho.

• 製品仕様にかかわる一切の工業所有権はＡＢＣ社に帰属するものとする。
• Any industrial property rights relating to the Product Specification shall belong to ABC Inc.

• メキシコ国境近くのカリフォルニア南部（サンディエゴの南）の工業都市
• an industrial city in southern California (south of San Diego) near the Mexican border

• ―　信三郎（三男）が勤めていた朝日新聞社を退社し、一澤帆布工業に入社
• - Shinzaburo (the third son) retired the Asahi Shinbun Company for which he had worked and joined Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.

• 簡易印刷機の代表的なものとしては理想科学工業のプリントゴッコがある。
• A typical simplified printing machine is Print Gokko (the brand name of small, silk-screen printer) by Riso Kagaku Corporation.

• エコートピアみわ（三和工業団地）（福知山市、旧・三和町 (京都府)）
• Ecotopia Miwa (Miwa Industrial Park) (Fukuchiyama City (formerly Miwa town), Kyoto Prefecture)

• 1943年（昭和18年）：倉谷工業団地 (京都)に第二造兵部を設置。
• 1943: The second arms factory was set up in the Kuratani Industrial Park (Kyoto).

• 立教大学中退後、東京写真工業専門学校（現・東京工芸大学）に入学する。
• After dropping out of Rikkyo University, he entered the Tokyo Professional School of Photographic Industry (currently Tokyo Polytechnic University).

• 園福線（福知山駅～体育館前（長田野工業団地）～菟原～桧山～園部駅前）
• Enfuku Route (Fukuchiyama Station - Taiikukan-mae (Osadano Kogyo-danchi) (bus stop)) - Ubara (bus stop) - Hiyama (bus stop) - Sonobe-ekimae (bus stop))

• 第十一臨時教員養成所 浜松高等工業学校（1924年 - 1930年）
• Eleventh temporary teacher training school, Hamamatsu Higher School of Technology (1924-1930)

• 工業用Ｘ線写真フィルム−第１部：工業用Ｘ線写真フィルムシステムの分類
• Non-destructive testing−Industrial radiographic films−Part 1 : classification of film systems for industrial radiography

• 鉱工業技術に係る技術者の養成及び資質の向上を図るための研修を行うこと。
• Providing training for the purposes of fostering engineers in the field of mining and industrial technology and enhancing their qualifications;

• 東京職工学校（現・東京工業大学）で応用化学を学び、その後、墨汁を発明。
• He studied applied chemistry at Tokyo Vocational School (present-day Tokyo Institute of Technology), and he later invented bokuju.

• 日本ブレイク工業は、営業において、ふりかけ「ガラの素」を活用している。
• Nihon Break Kogyo uses a type of furikake called 'Gara no Moto' for its sales promotion.

• 近代的な管理が行き届き、工業製品として在庫状況などに柔軟に対応できる。
• The producer can control sake in a modern way and can maintain the stock as an industrial product.
• In this method, the modern management is able to be thoroughly conducted and the sake is able to flexibly cope with the inventory state as an industrial product.

• また組合として各企業に工業組合のそうめんを仕入れるように依頼している。
• Also as the association, it asks each somen companies to buy the association's somen.

• 1965年（昭和40年）　国立舞鶴工業高等専門学校（舞鶴高専）が開校。
• 1965: The Maizuru National College of Technology is founded.

• 濠や土塁で囲まれるなど防御的性格を持ち、信者、商工業者などが集住した。
• They were characterized by the defense functions such as the surrounding moats and earthen walls for fortification, within which Buddhist devotees as well as merchants and traders lived together.

• 手工業では綿織物が発達し、伝統的な絹織物では高級品の西陣織が作られた。
• In the handicraft industry, production of cotton fabrics was developed, while luxury Nishijin brocades were made in the traditional textile manufacture of silk products.

• 筑後国生葉郡高見村の豪農・石工業者である篠原元助の長男として生まれる。
• He was born as the first son of Gensuke SHINOHARA, a wealthy farmer and mason in Takami Village in Ikuha Domain, Chikugo Province.

• 1896年（明治29年）桑原政工業事務所に招かれ、山口半六の下で働く。
• 1896: He was invited to Kuwabara Sei Kogyo Jimusho (Sei KUWABARA Industrial Office) and worked under Hanroku YAMAGUCHI.

• 名古屋臨時教員養成所 名古屋高等工業学校（1911年 - 1942年）
• Nagoya temporary teacher training school, Nagoya Higher School of Technology (1941-1948)

• 穀物の神としてだけでなく、農耕の神、商工業の神としても信仰されている。
• It is also worshiped as a deity of harvest as well as a deity of agriculture or a deity of commerce and industry.

• その地域の工業化は環境破壊を避けるため慎重に進められなければならない。
• Industrialization of the region must be carried out very carefully to avoid environmental destruction.

• 正確な製図を支援するために芸術、建築、工学、工業で使われるソフトウェア
• software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing

• 道路、鉄道、港湾、空港、河川、公園、水道、下水道、工業用水道等の公共施設
• Public facility such as roads, railways, ports and harbors, airports, rivers, parks, water services, sewage systems, and industrial water supplies;

• 文字の符号化表現については、日本工業規格Ｘ〇二〇八附属書一で規定する方式
• for character coded representation, the method specified in Annex 1 to Japanese Industrial Standards X0208.

• 中島飛行機（財閥解体後、主要5社が合同し、富士産業・現富士重工業を設立）
• Nakajima airplane (after the dissolution of Zaibatsu, major five companies jointly established Fuji Sangyo (now Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.))

• 延長ほぼ1km、市街地中心部の住宅、商店、手工業などの並んだ通りである。
• Shin Karasuma-dori Street spans a length of about 1 km in the central commercial zone, and residences, stores, and handicraft facilities line the street.

• 手工業の仕事または労働者の、あるいは、手工業の仕事または労働者を意味する
• of or designating manual industrial work or workers

• ボリューム及びファイル構成については、日本工業規格Ｘ〇六〇五に規定する方式
• for a volume and file configuration, the method specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X0605; and

• 減速装置であって、アメリカ歯車工業会の規格で定めるＫ値が三〇〇を超えるもの
• Decelerators the K value of which is indicated in the standards of the American Gear Industry Association and exceeds 300

• 鉱工業品の包装の種類、型式、形状、寸法、構造、性能若しくは等級又は包装方法
• Types, models, figures, dimensions, structure, performance or grades of packages for mineral or industrial products or methods for packaging mineral or industrial products

• 鉱工業の科学技術に関する研究及び開発並びにこれらに関連する業務を行うこと。
• research and development concerning science and technology in mining and industry, and operations related to such research and development;

• 1992年、全国納豆工業協同組合連合会が改めて「納豆の日」として制定した。
• In 1992, Zenkoku Natto Kogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai (National Federation of Natto Processors Cooperative Associations) formally designated the 'Natto no Hi.'

• 製造加工業者は減少しているものの、古参の稽古生なら口伝に基いて自作できる。
• Even though the number of companies manufacturing fukuro shinai is decreasing, veteran trainees can make them themselves referring to instructions passed down orally.

• ところが生産の主流が三増酒という「工業製品」になると、この格差は広がった。
• However, this disparity grew larger after sanzoshu, that is, 'industrial production' became the mainstream method of production.

• 東舞鶴はかつての軍需都市で、旧軍港や造船などを中心とする重工業地区である。
• Higashi-Maizuru was a former munitions city, but today flourishes in heavy industries centered around ship building and an old military port.

• 戦乱が続く時代だったが内外の通商は盛んで、農業・工業ともに技術が向上した。
• Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry.

• 土地あるいは工業・商業につき多額の国税を納める30歳以上の者の中から互選。
• These councilors were internally selected and were 30 years of age, or older, taxpayers who paid a large amount of tax for their properties or their industrial or commercial businesses.

• 清滝トンネルは戦時下三菱重工業の分工場として航空機の部品工場となっていた。
• The Kiyotaki Tunnel was converted into an aircraft parts factory and was operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. during the war.

• 図案科は既設の東京美術学校 (旧制)・東京高等工業学校に次ぐものであった。
• The Department of Designs was instituted following the existing Tokyo Fine Arts School (the old education system), and Tokyo Higher Technical School.

• VMEバスはコンピュータ基板用の工業規格で、1980年代にはよく使われた。
• VMEbus is an industrial standard for computer boards, which was popular in the 1980s.

• 重工業には他の産業に使用される（鉄鋼のような）基礎製品の大量生産が含まれる
• heavy industry involves large-scale production of basic products (such as steel) used by other industries

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第８部：騒音−第４節：調節弁の液体流動騒音の予測方法
• Industrial-process control valves - Part8-4:Noise considerations - Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第２部：２５０℃における加熱減量及び不揮発物の求め方
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 2 : Determination of loss of mass and of non-volatile matter at 250℃

• 適合性評価−日本工業規格への適合性の認証−分野別認証指針（鉄鋼製品第１部）
• Conformity assessment-Conformity assessment for Japanese Industrial Standards-Guidance on a third-party certification system for steel products

• 口述試験は、筆記試験に合格した者につき、工業所有権に関する法令について行う。
• The oral examination shall be conducted on laws and regulations relating to the industrial property rights, for persons who have passed the written examinations.

• 醸造業の近代化とはすなわち、「酒を工業的に生産する」ことの始まりでもあった。
• The modernization of the brewing industry was the beginning of the 'industrial production of sake.'

• - 商工業者や下級武士などが多くすんでいる地区・町の通称で、庶民的な町のこと
• general term for districts and towns where many of those engaged in commerce and industry and lower class samurai live, and the districts and towns with a friendly atmosphere

• こうして獲得した富を商工業に投資し、近代的な資本家に転換していった者もいる。
• Some invested the earned money in trading and manufacturing and turned to a modern capitalist.

• ※工場駅 - 丹後山田駅間、加悦駅 - 鉱山駅間は日本冶金工業の貨物専用線。
• * The railway sections between Iwataki Factory Station and Tango Yamada Station and between Kaya Station and Oe-yama Mine Station were the industry tracks operated by Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd.

• 設定に際しては地元住民の他にも大阪工業大学教授の意見や提案なども取り入れた。
• For setting up this project, not only those ideas and proposals suggested by a professor of the Osaka Institute of Technology, but also the comments of the local residents were taken into consideration.

• １０年経って、世界に石油が不足すると仮定しよう。工業国に何が起こるだろうか。
• Suppose there was a worldwide oil shortage in ten years' time. What would happen to the industrialised countries?

• 企業組合は、商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他の事業を行うものとする。
• A joint enterprise cooperative shall engage in a commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or any other business.

• 一澤帆布加工所が、一澤帆布工業から店舗と工場を賃借する形で製造を継続していた。
• Ichizawa Hanpu kakosho Ltd. continued manufacturing by renting a store and factory from Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.

• 酒蔵の近代化とはすなわち、もっと工業的にコスト削減をめざすということであった。
• The modernization of sake breweries meant an attempt to decrease costs by industrialization.

• 市街地は旧城下町を中心とし、由良川沿いに長田野工業団地周辺の住宅地まで伸びる。
• The urban area extends around the old castle town, and to a residential land on the outside of Osadano Industrial Park along the Yura-gawa River.

• 国民工業学院理事長として、その創立、経営に努め、工業道徳の振興に力をそそいだ。
• As the administrative director of Kokumin Kogyo Gakuin (an institute for industrial education), he not only made efforts in establishing and managing the institute but also dedicated himself to promote industrial ethics.

• シアン化ナトリウム溶液で鉱石を処理することによって金と銀を抽出する工業プロセス
• an industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution

• デラウェア川沿岸のペンシルベニア南東部の都市（フィラデルフィア郊外の工業地域）
• a city of southeastern Pennsylvania on the Delaware river (an industrial suburb of Philadelphia)

• 塩化ナトリウムとアンモニア、二酸化炭素から炭酸ナトリウムを生み出す工業プロセス
• an industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide

• 電磁両立性−第６−１部：共通規格−住宅，商業及び軽工業環境におけるイミュニティ
• Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 6-1: Generic standards-Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

• 日本工業規格Ｘ六二二三に適合する九十ミリメートルフレキシブルディスクカートリッジ
• a 90-mm flexible disk cartridge that conforms to Japanese Industrial Standards X6223.

• 京都丹波国の中核工業団地である「エコートピア京都三和」に隣設して建設されている。
• It is located next to 'Ecotopia Kyoto Miwa' which is the core industrial park of Kyoto Tanba Province.

• 但し、一つの敷地内に複数の工場棟が存在する場合に工業団地とは呼ぶことは稀である。
• However, it is rare that sites containing multiple factory buildings are referred to as 'kogyo danchi.'

• 2006年、一澤帆布工業（一澤帆布店）から全ての職人と従業員が独立して創設した。
• In 2006, all the craftsmen and employees became independent from Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd (Ichizawa Hanpu Store) and established a new company.

• 青森県工業総合研究センター弘前地域技術研究所と日本醸造協会が共同で開発している。
• Aomori yeasts are developed jointly by Aomori Industrial Research Center, Technical Research Institute of Hirosaki area and Brewing Society of Japan.

• 長田野工業団地内最大の土地を所有し、京都府下で最も消費電力が大きい企業でもある。
• Owning the largest site in the Osadano Industrial Park, it consumes the largest amount of electric power in Kyoto Prefecture.

• そして、近代工業や鉄道などの建設を推進する政府は「商人」のようであると糾弾した。
• He further denounced the government as something like 'a merchant' since it promoted modern industries and the construction of railways.

• 工学博士（1948年）（学位論文「化学工業装置の温度分布に関する理論的研究」）。
• Doctor of Engineering (1948) – Thesis project was 'A Theoretical Study of Temperature Distribution in Chemical Industry Equipment'.

• 「数百万家庭並びに大小幾百数千の工業を供給誘起、名古屋を日本第三の都会となした」
• With the electric power, it became possible to provide millions of households with electricity and to invite and establish hundreds or thousands of corporations, which made Nagoya the third largest city in Japan.'

• 1954年に夜間の第二部ができ、電気工学科、機械工学科、工業化学科が設置される。
• An evening division of the college opened, which signaled the establishment of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Department of Industrial Chemical in 1954.

• その後、明治期に入ってからは政府の進めた工業化政策のため、多くの田守が廃業した。
• Later in the Meiji period, due to the industrialization policy of the government, many tamori gave up their businesses.

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第３部：全可溶性アルカリ含有量の求め方−第１節：中和滴定法
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 3 : Determination of total soluble alkalinity−Section 1 : Titrimetric method

• 博多織工業組合が取りまとめを行い、博多織の品質を証明する証紙の発行などをおこなう。
• Hakata-ori Textile Industrial Association coordinates such actions such as issuing a sticker to certify the quality of Hakata ori textile.

• 室町時代の頃から軽工業の発達により、都市部を中心に、消費社会の傾向が出始めていた。
• Around the Muromachi period, with development of light manufacturing, consumer society started to become a trend in and around major cities.

• 鯨由来物の工業資源としての利用としては鯨油が代表例ではあるが、鯨肉も例外ではない。
• Whale oil is a typical example of the industrial materials made from whales, and whale meat is no exception.

• また工業は久御山町の財政に大きく貢献し、地方交付税を受けない健全財政を支えている。
• As the industry greatly contributes to the finance of Kumiyama-cho, and supports its balanced budget, Kumiyama-cho does not need to receive any local allocation tax.

• 元々、国衙機構には多種多様な手工業者が所属し、国衙運営に必要な物資を生産していた。
• Originally,many handicraftsmen were affiliated with the Kokuga organization and produced the supplies required for Kokuga management.

• 運上も商工業者などに課された租税であるが、その違いについては以下のような説がある。
• Unjo was also imposed on merchants and traders, and there are following views on the differences between the two taxes.

• 近代化と工業化を急いだ結果1920年(大正9年)には帝国海軍は世界第三位になった。
• As a result of having hurried the modernization and industrialization of Japan, the Imperial Japanese Navy became the third largest navy in the world in 1920.

• 川崎重工業車両カンパニーを分離させる等、再建に努力したが在任中1932年死去した。
• He tried to rebuild the company by separating Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company; however, he passed away during his term in 1932.

• 京都市立洛陽高等学校（現・京都市立洛陽工業高等学校）卒業後、京都大学法学部に進む。
• After graduating from Kyoto City Rakuyo High School (present day Kyoto Municipal Rakuyo Technical High School), Oshima entered the faculty of law in Kyoto University.

• これは当時、日本の基礎工業力が低かったことを考慮すると決して不思議なことではない。
• This was not a surprising matter, considering that Japan had a weak basic industrial power at that time.

• 工業または政府プログラムによって必要に応じて測定を行い、標準を設定する技術局の機関
• an agency in the Technology Administration that makes measurements and sets standards as needed by industry or government programs

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第2部：流れの容量−第4節：固有流量特性及びレンジアビリティ
• Industrial-process control valves. Part 2: Flow capacity-Section 4: Inherent flow characteristics and rangeability

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第８部：騒音−第３節：調節弁の空気力学的流動騒音の予測方法
• Industrial-process control valves - Part8-3:Noise considerations - Control valve aerodynamic noise prediction method

• 低電圧ヒューズ−第２部：専門家用ヒューズの追加要求事項（主として工業用のヒューズ）
• Low-voltage fuses-Part 2 : Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons(fuses mainly for industrial application)

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第８部：カルシウム含有量の求め方−第１節：原子吸光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 8 : Determination of calcium content−Section 1 : Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

• 岩手県岩手県工業技術センターと財団法人岩手生物工学研究センターが共同で開発している。
• Iwate yeasts are developed jointly by Iwate Industrial Research Institute in Iwate Prefecture and Iwate Biotechnology Institute/Iwate Biotechnology Research Center.

• 京都証券取引所への単独上場企業は、互応化学工業と京都ホテルと三谷伸銅3社だけだった。
• Only three companies were listed solely on the Kyoto stock exchange: Goo chemical, Kyoto hotel, and Mitani Shindo.

• しかし朝鮮における経済開発は主として日本の工業化と食糧不足を補完する目的で行われた。
• However, the economic development in Korea was promoted mainly in order to support industrialization and food shortage in Japan.

• 10 工業/法/鉱山学校本科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：19～22歳　進路先：なし
• 10 Regular course of engineering, law and mining school term: 3 years, age: 19-22 years old, future course: none

• また、西陣織・京焼に代表される工芸品の生産地として商工業に大きな影響力を与えていた。
• It was also the production center for fine crafts, represented by Nishijin textile and Kyo-yaki ceramics, giving great influence in commercial and industrial activities in Japan.

• 東京高等工業学校では、陶芸家の板谷波山の指導を受けたほか、窯業の科学的研究を行った。
• He received instruction from the potter, Hazan ITAYA, and conducted scientific studies on ceramic engineering at Tokyo Higher Technical School.

• 商工業者に楽市・楽座の朱印状を与え、不必要な関所を撤廃して経済と流通を活性化させた。
• He gave Shuinjo (shogunate license to trade) of rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) to merchants and traders, and abolished unnecessary sekisho (checking station) to activate the economy and distribution.

• 1944年に同志社工業専門学校が設置され、電気通信科、機械科、化学工業科が置かれる。
• The Doshisha Engineering College was established in 1994, within which the Department of Electric Communication, Department of Mechanics, and the Department of Chemical Engineering were established.

• 広島高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1939年）→広島工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Hiroshima Higher Technical School (1939-)=> Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Hiroshima Vocational Technical School

• 仙台高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1943年）→仙台工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Sendai Higher Technical School (1943)=> Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Sendai Vocational Technical School

• 金沢高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1943年）→金沢工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Kanazawa Higher Technical School (1943) => Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Kanazawa Vocational Technical School

• 工業的な方法で用いられる、または得られる溶液（または乳剤、懸濁液）である液体状の物質
• a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第３部：寸法−第２節：バタフライ弁を除く回転形調節弁の面間寸法
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 3-2:Dimensions-Face-to-face dimensions for rotary control valves except butterfly valves

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第８部：騒音−第２節：調節弁の液体流動騒音の実験室における測定
• Industrial-process control valves Part8:Noise considerations Section2:Laboratory measurement of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow through control valves

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第９部：マグネシウム含有量の求め方−第１節：原子吸光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 9 : Determination of magnesium content−Section 1 : Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第３部：全可溶性アルカリ含有量の求め方−第２節：電位差滴定方法
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 3 : Determination of total soluble alkalinity−Section 2 : Potentiometric method

• また、公家や僧侶から商工業者まで各階層の消費者を多く抱えており、金融業も発展していた。
• Also, Kyoto had many of consumers in each social class, from the Court noble, the Buddhist monk to the commercial and industrial men, and was developed in the financial business.

• 一澤帆布工業の製造部門の職人65人全員が、長年社長であった信三郎を支持して同社へ転籍。
• All 65 craftsmen worked in the manufacturing department of Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. supported Shinzaburo, who was the president for years, to transfer to Ichizawa Hanpu kakosho Ltd.

• また日本工業規格では木綿判をSサイズ、銘仙判をMサイズ、八端判をLサイズと定めている。
• Furthermore, according to the Japan Industrial Standards (JIS), Momenban is designated S size, Meisenban is M size and Hattanban is L size.

• 福知山に所在する工場のほとんどが長田野工業団地に集中しており、数多くの企業が立地する。
• Most plants located in Fukuchiyama are concentrated in the Osadano Industrial Park, together with a large portion of companies.

• 工業用においての金属シールのシェアは首位で、シール業界全体で見ても4番目の規模を持つ。
• Holding the highest share of metal seals in the industry, it is ranked fourth overall in the seal industry.

• 一方、全人衆の中には商工業によって富を得るものも多く、殿原衆との共存関係を築いてきた。
• On the other hand, in Zenjin-shu, some gained wealth by trade and craft and built a coexistence relationship between Tonobara-shu.

• 国民的基盤に立った大学改革を唱えて東京工業大学教授を辞職し、朝日新聞論説委員になった。
• He resigned from his post, a professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, advocating the need for university reform based on people and became an editorial writer for Asahi Shimbun Company.

• 13 商業/農業/工業/通弁学校　修業年限：年限不定　修業年齢：16歳～　進路先：なし
• 13 Commercial, agricultural, engineering and interpretational school term: unfixed, age: 16 years and above, future course: none

• 彼らの消費生活を支えるために多くの物資が流れ込んでそれを扱う商工業者の人口も増加した。
• Consequently, influx of various materials to support the samurai class lead to the subsequent population growth in the commercial and industrial sectors.

• のち回虫駆除の新薬マクニンを製造、株式会社藤沢商店（藤沢薬品工業）社長として活躍した。
• As the president of Fujisawa Shoten (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical), Fujisawa did great jobs including the production of the new medicine Macnin, a lumbricide.

• 東京高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1899年-）→東京工業大学附属高等工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Tokyo Higher Technical School (1899-)=> Higher Technical Teacher Training School attached to Tokyo Institute of Technology.

• 大阪高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1920年-）→大阪工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Osaka Higher Technical School (1920-)=> Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Osaka Vocational Technical School

• 横浜高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1929年-）→横浜工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Yokohama Higher Technical School (1929-)=> Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Yokohama Vocational Technical School

• 三菱自動車工業のオフロード車「三菱・パジェロ」のイギリスにおける名称(SHOGUN)。
• Shogun is the name in the United Kingdom for Mitsubishi Pajero, an off-road utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors.

• レイ・マーフィーは、職業学校を卒業してすぐに、地元の自動車工業で機械工として雇われた。
• Soon after graduating from trade school, Ray Murphy was taken on as a machinist at the local automobile plant.

• 研究と教育の支援プログラムにより科学と工業技術の進歩の促進に関与する連邦政府の独立機関
• an independent agency of the federal government responsible for the promotion of progress in science and engineering by supporting programs in research and education

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第２部：流れの容量−第1節：取付け状態における流れのサイジング式
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 2-1:Flow capacity-Sizing equations for fluid flow under installed conditions

• 工業用水・工場排水中のペルフルオロオクタンスルホン酸及びペルフルオロオクタン酸試験方法
• Testing methods for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in industrial water and wastewater

• 工業所有権の出願又は登録を行うために、当該出願又は登録に必要な最小限の技術を提供する取引
• transactions, for the purpose of filing an application or a registration for industrial property rights, through which the minimum technology necessary for such application or registration is provided;

• 一般的には住宅の集合体を指し、工業団地のように製造業等の事業所の集合体を指す場合もある。
• The term generally refers to a cluster of residential buildings but may also refer to a collection of facilities for manufacturing and related activities exemplified by 'kogyo danchi・'

• 「博多織」の商標は博多織工業組合が有し、地域団体商標として2007年に再提出もしている。
• Hakata-ori Textile Industrial Association owns the trademark 'Hakata-ori,' and reintroduced it as a regional organization trademark in 2007.

• この対応に対し、工業協同組合は三輪で作られたものでしか「三輪そうめん」と呼べないとした。
• To their practice, the association claimed that only the somen produced in Miwa can be called 'Miwa Somen.'

• 工業では、国内有数の内陸工業団地、長田野工業団地があり、その総出荷額は年々増加している。
• In the field of manufacturing industry, there is the Osadano Industrial Park (one of the largest inland industrial parks) in the city and its total value of annual shipment has been increasing.

• これを口実に年貢を納めない商工業者に対して農民の年貢に相当する冥加を求めるようになった。
• With the above pretext, feudal lords imposed Myoga, which corresponded to nengu (land tax) imposed on farmers, on merchants and traders who were not required to pay nengu.

• 日本はこの時代、豊富な前工業時代的技術と高い文化を兼ね備えた洗練された封建社会であった。
• A refined feudal society was established in Japan with rich preindustrial arts and a developed culture.

• - 阿部外亀雄:福山藩主阿部家の分家に養子縁組,東京高等工業学校機械科卒業後国鉄に勤務。
• Tokio ABE: Adopted by the Abe family, a branch family of the Abe clan, the lord of the Fukuyama domain, graduated from the Mechanics Department of Tokyo Higher Technical School, and worked for the old Japan National Railways.

• 工業デザイナーの柳宗理（長男）、美術史家の柳宗玄（次男）、園芸家の柳宗民（三男）は息子。
• His sons were Sori YANAGI (eldest son), who was an industrial designer, Munemoto YANAGI (second son), and Munetami YANAGI (third son), who was a horticulturist.

• 京都市立伏見工業高等学校 -- ドラマ「スクール☆ウォーズ」の舞台となった事で知られる。
• Kyoto Municipal Fushimi Technical Senior High School is known for its having been the stage of the drama 'School Wars.'

• 熊本高等工業学校附設工業臨時教員養成所（1939年）→熊本工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Temporary Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Kumamoto Higher Technical School (1939-) => Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Kumamoto Vocational Technical School

• 適合性評価−日本工業規格への適合性の認証−分野別認証指針（レディーミクストコンクリート）
• Conformity assessment-Conformity assessment for Japanese Industrial Standards-Guidance on a third-party certification system for Ready-mixed concrete products

• 適合性評価−日本工業規格への適合性の認証−分野別認証指針（プレキャストコンクリート製品）
• Conformity assessment-Conformity assessment for Japanese Industrial Standards-Guidance on a third-party certification system for precast concrete products

• 精製 けい砂にコークスを加えて電気炉で還元すれば98%前後の工業用金属シリコンが得られる。
• purification

• 主務大臣は、工業標準を制定しようとするときは、あらかじめ調査会の議決を経なければならない。
• When the competent minister intends to enact an Industrial Standard, he/she shall, in advance, go through the Committee resolution process.

• 何人も、第十一条の規定により制定された工業標準でないものを日本工業規格と称してはならない。
• No person shall refer to anything that is not an Industrial Standard enacted pursuant to the provisions of Article 11 as a Japanese Industrial Standard.

• 近代に入り、味噌の工業的な大量生産方法が確立され、味噌を家庭で仕立てることは珍しくなった。
• The method for the industrial mass production of miso has been established in modern times so, now it is seldom that miso is made at home.

• 地方自治体の試験研究機関、すなわち工業技術センターや醸造試験所などで開発された酵母をいう。
• Yeasts developed by laboratories and research institutes under local municipalities, such as industrial technology centers and brewing laboratories.

• 一方、西舞鶴はかつての城下町で、国や京都府の行政機関や工業団地が集中する商工業地区である。
• Meanwhile, Nishi-Maizuru, a former castle town, comprises the commercial and industrial areas where the National and Kyoto Prefecture government administration offices as well as industrial complexes are centered.

• 2004年（平成16年）12月に喜多工業団地へ誘致成功した日本交通 (大阪)が挙げられる。
• This is in addition to Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd (Osaka) which was invited to the Kita Industrial Park in December 2004.

• 大正から昭和にかけては繊維・染色関係の工場が建つなど、京都の郊外住宅・工業地として栄えた。
• In and after the Taisho and Showa periods, it flourished as a residential suburb and industrial area after fibers and dyeing related plants were built.

• 久御山町内の工業事業所は黒煙を吐き続けるようなものがなく、環境負荷は比較的小さいといえる。
• Since Kumiyama-cho has no industrial establishment that emits black smoke, its environmental burden is comparatively small.

• このため、重工業中心で「芋づる」方式と呼ばれる、企業間において関連性の強い生産関係を持つ。
• Accordingly, the major sector of the zaibatsu is heavy industry; they have strong production relationships among companies, which is called the 'Imozuru' system (one-after-another system).

• その後糖業講習所た学務部付属工業講習所など就学期間を半年から2年とする教育機関を設立した。
• Later the Sotoku-fu established educational institutions with six months to two years schooling, such as schools for sugar production or industrial learning schools attached to the Sotoku-fu Education Bureau.

• 9 工業/法/鉱山学校予科　修業年限：3年制　修業年齢：16～19歳　進路先：高等教育10
• 9 Preparatory course for engineering, law and mining school term: 3 years, age: 16-19 years old, future course: higher education 10

• 名古屋高等工業学校附設工業教員養成所（1929年-）→名古屋工業専門学校附設工業教員養成所
• Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Nagoya Higher Technical School (1929-)=> Technical Teacher Training School Attached to Nagoya Vocational Technical School

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第8部：騒音−第1節：調節弁の空気力学的流動騒音の実験室における測定
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 8:Noise considerations-Section One:Laboratory measurement of noise generated by aerodynamic flow through control valves

• 日本冷凍空調工業会規格JRA4046(ルームエアコンディショナーの機関消費電力量算出基準)
• JRA4046 standard (standard for calculating air conditioner/heater's power consumption) set by the Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association

• ゴム製品製造業（自動車又は航空機用タイヤ及びチューブ製造業並びに工業用ベルト製造業を除く。）
• rubber products manufacturing industry (excluding automobile or aircraft tire and tube manufacturing industry and industrial belt manufacturing industry)

• 1960年（昭和35年）、ハウス食品工業株式会社（旧浦上商店）が「ハウス印度カレー」を発売。
• In 1960, House Foods Corp. (former Urakami Shoten) put 'House Indian Curry' on the market.

• 町内に久御山工業団地があり、主として金属加工・プラスチック加工、食品製造などの事業所が多い。
• The Kumiyama Industrial Park located in the town, has many business offices mainly related to metal processing, plastic processing and food manufacturing.

• この観点から、世界的には工業地帯に形成された人口密集地帯を1つの「都市」とする例が見られる。
• From this perspective, a densely-populated zone formed in an industrial area being specified as a 'city'is something that is seen world-over.

• 電気及び関連分野−工業用システム，設備及び装置，並びに工業製品−システムにおける接続端の識別
• Industrial,installations and equipment and industrial products-Identification of terminals within a system

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第２部：全アルカリ，水酸化ナトリウム及び炭酸ナトリウム含有量の求め方
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 2 : Determination of total alkalinity, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第５部：けい素含有量の求め方−高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 5 : Determination of silicon content−Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrochemical analysis

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第４部：塩化ナトリウム含有量の求め方−ホルハルト改良法，電位差滴定方法
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 4 :Determination of Sodium chloride content−Modified Volhard method, Potentiometric method

• 静岡油化工業株式会社は、2008年3月からおからを原料にしたバイオエタノールの製造を開始する。
• Sizuoka Yuka Kougyou Co.,Ltd. starts manufacturing bioethanol made with okara in March, 2008.

• 十代の長男として生まれ、京都市立第二工業高校（現在の京都市立伏見工業高等学校）金属工芸科卒業。
• Joeki XI was born the eldest son of Joeki X and is the graduate of the Metal Fabrication and Machining Program at Kyoto City Fushimi Second Technical High School (presently Kyoto City Fushimi Technical High School).

• この他、2006年には倉谷工業団地の資生堂跡にケンコーマヨネーズが進出することが決定している。
• Further, in 2006 it was decided that Kenko Mayonnaise Co., Ltd would move to the site within Kuraya Industrial Park formerly occupied by Shiseido co., Ltd.

• しかし、現在では舞鶴若狭自動車道の整備や、京都府が主導する工業団地の建設などが進められている。
• Now, however, the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway and Kyoto Prefecture-led industry parks are being built.

• 精密機械工業や半導体の工場では、黄砂の微小粒子の侵入により不良品ができるなどの被害も発生する。
• In factories for precision machinery or for semiconductors, the intrusion of minute particles included in kosa may cause damage that generates defective products.

• 武家屋敷が建ち並び、また陣屋に関わる武士等を相手に商売を営む商工業者が集まり発展した町である。
• Jinyamachi developed into a town as a number of bukeyashiki (samurai mansions) stand and those engaged in commerce and industry gathered there to trade with samurai and others who were working at the jinya.

• 父は歌人としても有名で、播磨造船（現・石川島播磨重工業）に勤めるかたわら、相生市歌を作詞した。
• His father was famous as a poet, and wrote the lyrics of the Aioi City Song while working for Harima Dock (current Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries).

• 京都市立日吉ヶ丘高等学校美術科卒業、京都府訓練校にて轆轤成形、京都市工業試験場にて釉薬を学ぶ。
• Graduated from the Department of Art, Kyoto Municipal Hiyoshigaoka High School, studied molding with potter's wheels in Kyoto prefectural training school and glaze in Industrial Research Institute of Kyoto.

• 「日本の道路は信じがたい程に悪い。工業国にして、これ程道路を無視してきた国は日本の他にない。」
• 'The roads of Japan are incredibly bad. No other industrial nation has so completely neglected its highway system.'

• 京阪宇治駅または近鉄新田辺駅より京阪宇治バス緑苑坂・工業団地方面行き維中前（いちゅうまえ）下車
• Take the Keihan Uji Bus for Rokuenzaka/Industrial complexes from Keihan Uji Station or Kintetsu Shintanabe Station, and get off at Ichu-mae.

• 1944年 京都高等工芸学校を京都工業専門学校と改称、京都高等蚕糸学校を京都繊維専門学校と改称
• In 1944, Kyoto College of Technology was renamed Kyoto Vocational College of Technology, and Kyoto Institute of Textile Thread was renamed Kyoto Vocational College of Textile.

• 準工業地域は、主として環境の悪化をもたらすおそれのない工業の利便を増進するため定める地域とする。
• Quasi-industrial districts are districts designated primarily to promote convenience for industries that are not likely to degrade the environment.

• 主務大臣は、工業標準を制定し、確認し、改正し、又は廃止したときは、これを公示しなければならない。
• Upon the enactment, confirmation, amendment or abolishment of an Industrial Standard, the competent minister shall publicly announce the same.

• 労働運動、民族主義、紛争解決の祈りなどの主張のため、工業地帯や紛争地などにも壁画が描かれている。
• People painted wall paintings in industrial or war areas in order to deliver state opinion or message based on labor movements and nationalism or in hopes for a resolution of wars or conflicts.

• 有名企業の工場が多くあり、新しい道路網が使えるようになり、さらに工業面での期待がふくらんでいる。
• The existence of many plants by famous companies and the availability of new road networks have raised expectations for the industry.

• また、近代都市はその成長過程で工業を富の基盤とし、労働者を引き寄せて人口集中を実現する例が多い。
• In addition, there are many cases where a modern city uses industry as a base of wealth in the course of its growth, attracting workers and thereby gaining in its concentration of population.

• 農業生産力の向上や手工業の独立は市場を成立させ、都市や交通の要地とされる場所では市場が発達した。
• Increased agricultural production and the growing independence of artisans caused markets to spring up and expand in places ideally situated for commerce between or within cities.

• 中国・韓国・日本などの工業地帯を通過した黄砂は硫黄酸化物や窒素酸化物を吸着すると考えられている。
• It is considered that sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide adhere to the kosa passing over industrial zones in China, Korea or Japan.

• この階層は現実には農業経営に従事する者のみならず、商業や手工業、漁業などの経営者も包括していた。
• This class included not only those who were engaged in agricultural management but also managers in commerce, handicraft, and fishery industries.

• まず領主による都市、特に城下町・宿場町などでの商工業振興のための町人誘致の目的が指摘されている。
• Firstly, it is pointed out that the feudal lord planned to attract merchants to the town - especially, to the castle town and to the post station town - for the promotion of commerce and industry.

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第３部：寸法−第３節：突合せ溶接形二方ストレート形グローブ調節弁の面間寸法
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 3-3:Dimensions-End-to-end dimensions for buttweld, two-way, globe-type, straight pattern control valves

• 寒天の供給を絶たれた諸外国は自力による寒天製造を試み、自然に頼らない工業的な寒天製造法を開発した。
• The countries that would otherwise have imported kanten from Japan could no longer do so; consequently, they were forced to try producing kanten and eventually developed industrial methods of producing kanten without relying on natural conditions.

• 舞鶴市は戦前・戦中は鎮守府も置かれ、軍都として軍需産業、また戦後は臨海型重厚長大工業都市とだった。
• Since Maizuru City was for a long time a munitions city that had a Chinju-fu with a military capital both before and during the war, it has been an oceanfront-type heavy industrial city since the end of war.

• さらに、2002年には住友金属工業が、2004年にはバイエル薬品とキヤノンが学研都市から撤退した。
• In addition, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. withdrew its activities from the city in 2002, and Bayer AG and Canon followed suite in 2004.

• 座（ざ）は、平安時代から戦国時代 (日本)まで存在した主に商工業者や芸能者による同業者組合のこと。
• The za, established mainly by merchants, manufacturers and entertainers, refers to the guilds that existed from the Heian period to the Sengoku period (period of warring states).

• この体制下では農業、漁業、手工業などの諸産業を田堵が隷属する人民を使役し、名田単位で経営を行った。
• In this system, the tato managed several industries such as agriculture, fishery, and handicraft manufacturing on a myoden basis, employing subordinate labors.

• 中世の給田は、荘官等へ給与する荘官給田、年貢輸送者や手工業者へ給与する職人給田に大きく分けられる。
• Kyuden in the middle ages were largely classified into Shokan kyuden given to shokan, and shokunin kyuden given to nengu couriers and handicraftsmen.

• しかし、火山地形による表層の鉱石の豊かさにより、大規模の鉱石発掘がされる前に工業の時代に突入した。
• But due to the abundant ores resources in the top layer of soil in the volcanic mountain terrain, Japan went into the age of industry before digging out of large scale ores.

• 会社設立時のニッケル鉱輸送の関連から、日本冶金工業のグループ会社である（社紋についても両社共通）。
• When the company was founded, it was involved in the transportation of nickel ore, so it is an affiliated company of Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd, and therefore these two have the same company crest.

• 事業者の所有する工業所有権又は著作権の取得及び保有（これらの権利に関して利用を許諾することを含む。）
• Acquisition and holding of industrial property or copyrights (including granting a license to use the rights relating thereto) owned by an Enterprise;

• 書面には日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。
• The Document shall use letters and numbers with a font size of 8 points or larger as provided for in the Japanese Industrial Standards Z 8305.

• 一澤帆布工業は事実上、製造部門を全て失った形となり、2006年3月6日に一澤帆布店は営業を休止した。
• Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. substantially lost the entire manufacturing department and Ichizawa Hanpu store stopped its business on March 6, 2006.

• 今日では食品工業的には醤油・塩・糖類などの調味料を入れた液体に漬け込む製法で造られていることが多い。
• Now in the food industry, it is often produced by immersing it in the liquid which includes seasonings such as soy sauce, salt, sugars and so on.

• 戦後はアメリカの近代文化が国民の憧れとなり、高度経済成長により日本は飛躍的な工業化と都市化を遂げる。
• The American modern culture was longed for by Japanese people after the war, and Japan has accomplished drastic industrialization and urbanization through a high economic growth.

• 工業生産されたアルコールに水を加えた甲類焼酎として、明治44年（1911年）日本酒精より発売された。
• In 1911, korui shochu, which was manufactured alcohol added with water, was sold by the Nihon Shusei company.

• 2006年3月21日には舞鶴市の喜多工業団地内に本社機能を持たせた事務所と車両整備工場が新設された。
• March 21, 2006: The head office and maintenance facility opened on the Kita industrial estate in Maizuru City.

• 令制以前の伴造の系統にあり､百済手部のようにほとんどは品部・雑戸を率いて現業特に工業部門を指揮した。
• Tomobe originated from Tomonomiyatsuko before the ritsuryo legal code system, and like Kudaratebito, most of them supervised especially the industrial branches at the work-site operations leading Shinabe and Zakko.

• ダウ・ジョーンズ平均工業株価は、最も広く引用される株式市場がどのように動いているのかという指標である
• the Dow Jones Industrial Average is the most widely cited indicator of how the stock market is doing

• 日本国臣民は、南満州及東部内蒙古に於て、自由に居住往来し各種の商工業及其他の業務に従事することを得。
• The Japanese subjects shall have liberty to enter, reside, and travel in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, and to carry on business of various kinds commercial, industrial, and otherwise.

• 現在最も工業的に量産されている製品で、公団住宅や賃貸住宅をはじめとして一般住宅に大量に使用されている。
• It is presently the largest mass-produced product made industrially, and used massively for conventional homes such as an apartment building constructed by the Housing Corporation and for rental apartments.

• 登録の対象となるものは、原則として近代以降に普及したもので、生活用品、工業製品などの生活文化財である。
• Livelihood cultural properties, such as living wares and industrial commodities, which became popular since modern times, may be candidates for registry.

• （2-c）非御家人・凡下（武士以外の庶民・農民や商工業者）の買得地は年限に関係なく元の領主が領有せよ。
• Article 2-c specified that a land purchased by higokenin (non-Gokenin) and bonge (common people, peasants, merchants, and traders other than samurai) should be possessed by the original feudal lord irrespective of length of term.

• ところが戦乱が相次いだことで経営は不安定であり、次第に京都の商工業から挙がる税収に依存するようになる。
• However, the Muromachi shogunate came to count more and more on tax revenues from the merchants in Kyoto rather than from goryosho, due to the poor and unsteady business performance of goryosho caused by a wave of wars.

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第３部：塩化物含有量の求め方−第１節：チオシアン酸水銀(II)吸光光度分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 3：Determination of chlorides content−Section 1：Mercury(II) thiocyanate photometry

• 主務大臣は、工業標準化のため必要があると認めるときは、公聴会を開いて利害関係人の意見をきくことができる。
• The competent minister may hold a public hearing to hear the opinions of interested persons whenever he/she deems it necessary for the Industrial Standardization.

• 契約書面には日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。
• The Contract Document shall use letters and numbers with a font size of 8 points or larger as provided for in the Japanese Industrial Standards Z 8305.

• こうした工業基盤の有無も、一地方に過ぎない鹿児島と中央政府の力関係を均衡させていた主要因のひとつだった。
• The presence of the industrial base was one of the main reasons that Kagoshima, a mere region, was comparable with the central government in power.

• また、一時期エース監督として屋台骨を支えた鈴木則文、関本郁夫はそれぞれ立命館大学中退、工業高校卒である。
• Indeed, two of Toei's most successful directors who strengthened the company, Noribumi SUZUKI and Ikuo SEKIMOTO, dropped out from studies at Ritsumeikan University and didn't attend higher education respectively.

• 自社保有車両はすべて気動車で富士重工業（2003年に新潟トランシスへ鉄道車両製造事業等を譲渡）製である。
• All rolling stock owned by KTR are diesel cars manufactured in Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd, whose rolling stock manufacturing business and others were transferred to Niigata Transys Co., Ltd. in 2003.

• 高圧で、鉄触媒が存在する場合にそれらを結合することにより窒素と水素からアンモニアを発生させる工業プロセス
• an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst

• 電気及び関連分野−工業用システム，設備及び装置，並びに工業製品−構造化原理及び参照指定−第1部：基本原則
• Industrial system,installations and equipment and industrial products - Structuring principles and reference designations - Part 1:Basic rule

• 家庭用及びこれに類する電気機器の安全性−第２−６７部：工業用及び業務用床処理並びに床磨き機の個別要求事項
• Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-67 : Particular requirements for floor treatment and floor cleaning machines, for industrial and commercial use

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第８部：カルシウム含有量の求め方−第２節：高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 8 : Determination of calcium content−Section 2 : Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

• 日本電子機械工業会 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
• Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ)

• 前項の書面には日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。
• The document referred to in the preceding paragraph shall use letters and numbers with a font size of 8 points or larger as provided for in the Japanese Industrial Standards Z 8305.

• 日本国内における法律上の意味としては、都市計画上工業地域・住宅地などを新たに計画して建設されたものを指す。
• According to the Japanese legal definition, the word refers to industrial and residential estates that are newly planned and constructed as an aspect of urban planning.

• つまり辛すぎる酒へ、デンプン酵素剤などで米を溶かした工業生産的な甘酒によって甘味を補おうとする手法である。
• In another words, it is a method to supply dry sake with sweet flavor by adding amazake made by dissolving rice industrially with starch enzymes.

• しかしながら、周辺海面を汚染するとして地元漁民の反発を受けたこともあって工業資源化され成功したものである。
• However, as such an act was complained by local fishermen as polluting the sea surface around the dumping site, the meat became used as an industrial material successfully.

• 農民の自立が進むと、それまで宮廷に属していた工人も解放されて自立し、手工業が一般的に行われ市場が成立する。
• As farmers made progress towards political independence, artisans also were freed from the control of the imperial court--which had dominated their livelihoods until this point--and achieved independence, leading to the general proliferation of handicrafts and the establishment of markets.

• 南北朝時代 (日本)以後に商工業者の自立とともに解体されるが、室町時代には職人の座の名称として用いられた。
• After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Saikudokoro was dissolved along with the independence of merchants and traders, but was used as a name of za (guild) of workmen in the Muromachi period.

• 1937年（昭和12年、57歳）、日産を満州国に移し、満州重工業開発株式会社として初代総裁・相談役に就任。
• In 1937 (at the age of 57), he moved Nissan to Manchuria and became the first president and consultant of the Manchurian Industrial Development Company.

• 旧幕府や諸侯家に遺された文献や商家などを回って日本の商工業及び産業政策の歴史に関する調査・研究事業を行う。
• He conducted investigation and research on histories of Japanese commerce and industry, as well as industrial policy, through literatures left in the former bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or houses of feudal lords, and visits to merchant houses, etc.

• 松江中学（現島根県立松江北高等学校）を経て、1910年、東京高等工業学校（現東京工業大学）窯業へ入学する。
• In 1910, he entered the department of ceramic engineering at Tokyo Higher Technical School (present-day Tokyo Institute of Technology) after graduating from Matsue Junior High School (present-day Matsue Kita Senior High School of Shimane Prefecture).

• また京都府北部の中核都市である舞鶴市の主な官庁街や倉谷工業団地 (京都)が近くにあり、ビジネス利用も多い。
• In addition, since the main administrative district of Maizuru City, which is a major city in northern Kyoto, and the Kuratani industrial complex are located nearby, the station is also used a lot for business purposes.

• 水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）の規定により設立された漁業協同組合又は水産加工業協同組合
• Fishery cooperative or processed marine products industry cooperative established pursuant to the provisions of the Fishing Industry Cooperative Act (Act No. 242 of 1948)

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第６部：鉄含有量の求め方−原子吸光分析方法，高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 6 : Determination of iron content−Atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第９部：マグネシウム含有量の求め方−第２節：高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 9 : Determination of magnesium content−Section 2 : Inductively Coupled Plasma atomic emission spectrometry

• 前項の書類には、日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。
• The document set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be prepared by using letters and numbers in eight point or in a larger size of font as prescribed in Japanese Industrial Standard Z8305.

• 第一項の書面には日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。
• The document referred to in Paragraph 1 shall use letters and numbers with a font size of 8 points or larger as provided for in the Japanese Industrial Standards Z 8305.

• ここは、その阪神工業地帯における代表的施設であるとともに、関西文化学術研究都市の中心となっている施設である。
• This is a leading facility in the Hanshin Industrial Area, and also at the center of Kansai Science City.

• 高度成長期以降、日本の社会が工業化するにつれ、農業や漁業を基盤とする地域は、過疎化などに苦しむようになった。
• As Japanese society became industrialized after a period of high economic growth, regional areas dependent on agriculture and fishing faced decline.

• こうしていったん途絶してしまった四季醸造の技術がふたたび復活するのは、じつに昭和の工業技術によってであった。
• Thus the reemergence of four-season brewing techniques which had ceased for a time was actually a result of industrial technology from the 1920s.

• 1972年7月20日より工業高校前（現・田辺高校）～東と草内口～草内が国道307号の新道に路線載替を行った。
• From July 20, 1972, routes operating from Kougyo High School (currently Tanabe High School) to Higashi, and Kusauchi-guchi to Kusauchi shifted their routes to the newly connected National Highway 307.

• 旧制京都工専は工芸学部 （機織工業学科・建築工芸学科・色染工芸学科・窯業工芸学科） の母体として包括された。
• Kyoto Special School of Technology under the old system was included as a parent organization of the Faculty of Crafts (Department of Weaving and Industry, Building Crafts, Dyeing Crafts, and Ceramics Industry).

• 工業用水酸化ナトリウム−第３部：塩化物含有量の求め方−第２節：ホルハルト改良法，イオンクロマトグラフ分析方法
• Sodium hydroxide for industrial use−Part 3 : Determination of chlorides−Section 2 : Modified Volhard method, Ion chromatographic analysis

• 特許、実用新案、意匠及び商標（以下この条並びに次条第四号及び第五号において「工業所有権」という。）に関する法令
• Laws and regulations relating to patents, utility models, designs, and trademarks (hereinafter referred to as 'Industrial Property Rights' in this Article and items (iv) and (v) of the following Article);

• 舞鶴若狭自動車道舞鶴東インターチェンジから国道27号に出て、鹿原信号を左折、舞鶴工業高等専門学校を過ぎてすぐ。
• From Maizuru-Higashi Interchange on the Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway, take National Route 27, and turn to the left at Shikahara Intersection; it is just beyond Maizuru National College of Technology.

• 日本刀の材料・製法を一部変更したものから、日本刀の形態を模した工業刀に至るまで、様々な刀身が試作・量産された。
• Various bodies of blades from the ones with partly changed materials or from production methods of Japanese swords to industrial swords representing the shape of Japanese swords were made as prototypes or in large quality.

• また、農業生産の向上は、手工業や広い範囲での流通を劇的に進展させ、さらに貨幣経済の普及をもたらすこととなった。
• An increase in agricultural production brought about not only dramatic progress in manual industry and commerce over a wide area but also the development of a monetary economy.

• また富士重工がバス車体製造を終了した2003年以降の日産ディーゼル車は西日本車体工業製の車体での導入となった。
• After Fuji Heavy Industries ceased the manufacture of bus bodies in 2003, buses of Nissan Diesel Motor using the bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo Co., Ltd., have been used.

• 1939年（昭和14年）7月28日：大江山ニッケル鉱業（1943年に親会社の日本冶金工業に合併）に経営を委ねる
• July 28, 1939: The management of the company was left to Oye-yama Nickel Mining Company, which was merged into its parent company Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1943.

• 1949年 京都工業専門学校・京都繊維専門学校を母体として新制大学京都工芸繊維大学発足、工芸学部・繊維学部設置
• In 1949, based on two vocational colleges above, KIT started as a college under the new system, and opened School of Engineering and Design, and School of Textile Science.

• 明治時代の工業近代化に伴い、東京工業大学・大阪工業大学 (旧制)に次いで 3番目に設立された官立高等工業学校。
• With the industrial modernization in the Meiji period, it was the third established national High School of Technology following the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Osaka Institute of Technology (the old education system).

• 川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー#ジェットスキー（水上オートバイ・パーソナルウォータークラフト）
• Jet Ski

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第6部：調節弁へのポジショナの取付けの詳細−第1節：直線運動駆動部へのポジショナの取付け
• Industrial-process control valves. Part 6: Mounting details for attachment of positioners to control valves Section 1: Positioner mounting on linear actuators

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第６部：調節弁へのポジショナの取付けの詳細−第２節：回転運動駆動部へのポジショナの取付け
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 6-2:Mounting details for attachment of positioners to control valves-Positioner mounting on rotary actuators

• 鉱工業品の生産方法、設計方法、製図方法、使用方法若しくは原単位又は鉱工業品の生産に関する作業方法若しくは安全条件
• Methods for producing, designing, drawing, using mineral or industrial products or basic units, or methods for performing or the safety conditions in connection with the production of mineral or industrial products

• 一澤帆布工業株式会社（いちざわはんぷこうぎょうかぶしきがいしゃ）とは、京都市東山区にある布製鞄のメーカーである。
• Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. is a cloth bag manufacturer located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 一澤帆布工業株式会社を継いだ長男・一澤信太郎は新たな職人と素材をもって2006年10月16日より営業を再開した。
• Shintaro ICHIZAWA, the eldest son who succeeded the Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd., employed new craftsmen and began the business again on October 16, 2006 with new materials.

• 以降、カーボンファイバー製、ケプラー製等現代的な素材を使用した弓が次々と開発、工業的に生産するメーカーが現れる。
• Bows made from various modern ingredients such as carbon fiber and Kevlar were created since then, and many businesses were established that created them industrialy.

• 近代の始期は一般に幕末期〜明治維新期とされるが、18世紀前半の家内制手工業の勃興を近代の始まりとする考えもある。
• It is generally said that modern times started around the end of the Edo period to Meiji Restoration, but there is another opinion that the modern times started in the first half of 18th century when the household-based handcraft industry started.

• 城下町などと違い、商工業者のほかに農民をが多く在住しているも特徴で、都市部と農村の性格を併せ持つのも特徴である。
• Unlike such towns as Jokamachi, Zaigomachi was characteristic of many farmers as its residents and those engaged in commerce and industry, and has both features of being an urban district and a farming village.

• しかし、農民でなく、定住もしていない芸能人や手工業者に対しては、自己と異なる特別の世界に住む者として認識された。
• However, they recognized the non-peasants, as well as the unsettled entertainers and handicraftsmen, as people who lived in a special world that was different from theirs.

• 細工所（さいくしょ/さいくどころ）とは、中世権門が恒常的あるいは臨時に設置した手工業のための機関及び工房のこと。
• Saikudokoro (or called Saikusho) refers to an institution or craft center for handicraft industry which was permanently or temporarily established by Kenmon (an influential family) in the medieval period.

• 利害関係人は、主務省令の定めるところにより、原案を具して工業標準を制定すべきことを主務大臣に申し出ることができる。
• An interested person may, in accordance with the provisions of an Ordinance of the competent ministry, propose to the competent minister an Industrial Standard should be enacted, accompanied by an original bill therefore.

• 調査会は、主務省令で定める公正な手続にしたがい、工業標準の案を審議し、その結果を主務大臣に答申しなければならない。
• The Committee shall deliberate any proposed Industrial Standard in accordance with the fair procedures as prescribed in an Ordinance of the competent ministry and report the results of the deliberation to the competent minister.

• 工業用のアイロンでスチーム式でなく温度調節が利かないタイプ、つまり蒸気を放出せず温度が上昇し続けるものを使用する。
• An iron for industrial use, the type of not utilizing steam and with no temperature control, or the type with which the temperature continues increasing without emitting steam, is used.

• 舞鶴市は戦中の一時期は人口20万人を数える日本海側での一大工業都市であったが、現在では相対的に地位が低下している。
• Although Maizuru City used to be the largest industrial city among the Japan Sea coastal cities, and temporarily held a population of about 200,000 during WWII, today its rank in this respect is lower.

• 1974年（昭和49年）に長田野工業団地の整備が始まるようになると、福知山の産業は工業化の兆しを見せるようになる。
• With the start of development of Osadano Industrial Park in 1974, signs of industrialization were seen in the industries of Fukuchiyama.

• 旧市街地でもある福知山の城下町は、明智光秀が地子銭と呼ばれる土地税を免除したことなどから、早くから商工業が栄えた。
• In the castle town in Fukuchiyama which is also the old urban area, commerce and industry managed to flourish early on due to Mitsuhide AKECHI, who did not impose the Jishisen tax.

• 2004年9月29日、日本冶金工業（東京都）が和解金として計2100万円を支払い、大阪高等裁判所で一部和解が成立。
• On September 29, 2004, Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. (headquartered in Tokyo) paid a settlement totaling twenty-one million yen, and a reconciliation was partly effected at the Osaka High Court.

• 鉱山の開発や鉄道の建設、衛生環境の改善や、農林水産業の近代化などで台湾の生活水準は向上し、農工業の生産も増大した。
• The development of mines, construction of railways and improvement of public health, modernization of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries contributed to a higher living standard of Taiwan as well as an increase of agricultural and industrial production.

• 翌年1月、「憲政擁護」を叫ぶ大会が各地でひらかれ、日露戦争後の重税に苦しむ商工業者や都市民衆が多数これに参加した。
• In January the next year, rallies calling for 'the defense of the constitutionalism' were held in various places, in which many people participated, including the people working in the commercial and industrial sectors and the urban residents who were suffering from heavy tax after the Russo-Japanese War.

• 「まさに瓦解に及ばんとする萌し」（五代）のあった大阪経済を立て直すために、商工業の組織化、信用秩序の再構築を図る。
• He sought to organize commerce and industry and to rebuild trust and order in order to revive the economy in Osaka, which was, GODAI said, 'just about to collapse.'

• 生産技術が狩猟採集から農業へ、さらに工業へと進むにつれて、労働は増加し、個人の技能と自律は退化していったのである。
• When productive technology went from hunting-gathering to agriculture and on to industry, work increased while skills and self-determination diminished.

• このため，工業界の専門家の多くは目的別の装置の利点のために汎用コンピュータは廃れてしまうであろうと予測していた。
• Because of this, many industry pundits have been forecasting that general-purpose computers will fall out of use in favor of special-purpose devices.

• そして要塞のある町バクサルや、商工業の盛んな町にして、インドにおける主要なアヘン市場が存在するパトナが見えてきた。
• the fortified town of Buxar, or Patna, a large manufacturing and trading-place, where is held the principal opium market of India;

• 工業上利用することができる意匠の創作をした者は、次に掲げる意匠を除き、その意匠について意匠登録を受けることができる。
• A creator of a design that is industrially applicable may be entitled to obtain a design registration for the said design, except for the following:

• 貧鉱ながらも鉱量は無尽蔵であり、同年中に子会社として大江山ニッケル工業（株）を設立し、鉱業権を取得、調査を継続した。
• Although its ore is poor, ore reserves are inexhaustible and in the same year, Nihon Kako established Oeyama Nickel Kogyo Co., Ltd., obtained a mining concession and continued the survey.

• 争乱の排除をめざして浄土真宗本願寺教団によって組織された武士、農民、商工業者などによって形成された宗教的自治である。
• In an effort to avoid disturbances, the leadership of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji organization organized its followers of warriors, farmers, and craftsmen/merchants, thereby instituting a religiously based autonomous government over them.

• 当時、河井寛次郎と濱田庄司が東京高等工業を卒業して技手として陶磁を研究しており、近藤は濱田から窯業科学などを学んだ。
• At the time, Kanjiro KAWAI and Shoji HAMADA graduated from Tokyo Higher Technical School and were researching ceramics, and Kondo learned ceramics engineering from Hamada.

• さらに、日産ディーゼルの指定メーカーになるまでは、西日本車体工業製の車体を継続的に購入する最東端の事業者でもあった。
• Additionally, until Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo Co., Ltd., became a maker designated by Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd., the City bus was the easternmost business operator that still purchased bus bodies from the company.

• 本科学科： 蚕糸科 （養蚕専攻・製糸専攻）・繊維化学科・繊維農業科 （新設）・紡織科 （福井高等工業学校から移管）。
• The faculties for the regular course: The faculty of Silk (specializing in sericulture/specializing in silk reeling)/the faculty of Textile and Chemistry/the faculty of Textile and Agriculture (newly established)/the faculty of Spinning and Weaving (transferred from Fukui Technical High School).

• 工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるものの使用料又はその譲渡による対価
• Royalty for an industrial property right or any other right concerning technology, a production method involving special technology or any other equivalent right or method, or consideration for the transfer thereof
• Royalty for an industrial property right or any other right concerning technology, a production method involving special technology or any other equivalent thereto, or consideration for the transfer thereof

• これを受けて、長男・信太郎と四男・喜久夫は、信太郎側の「第2の遺言書」の内容に従い、一澤帆布工業の株式約62%を取得。
• Accordingly, the eldest son Shintaro and the fourth son Kikuo acquired about 62% stock of Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. in accordance with the 'second will.'

• もともとは生利節を製造する際に大量に出る内臓を、漁師や加工業者が塩辛にして食べていたものが始まりであると言われている。
• It is believed that Shuto originally came from salted fish guts, made and eaten by fishermen and processors who made it from the large amount of guts removed when they made namaribushi (boiled and half-dried bonito).

• いっぽう、商工業の発展や郷村制の成立にともなって、都市の商工業者（町衆）や農民のあいだにも新しい文化がうまれていった。
• Meanwhile, with the development of commerce and industry and the establishment of Gosonsei system (the self-governing system of coalitions of villages), a new style of culture developed among commercial and industrial workers in urban areas (Machishu) as well as peasants.

• 三輪に本社を置く各企業が作るそうめんと、生産者の団体「大和三輪そうめん工業協同組合」が取り仕切るそうめんの2つがある。
• There are two brands of somen, which are the somen produced by companies based in Miwa, and the one controlled by Yamato Miwa Somen Industrial Cooperative Association.

• また、内モンゴル自治区などでは、過放牧や工業汚染によって乾燥化が進み、黄砂の新たな発生地になりつつあるといわれている。
• It is said that, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and some other areas, excessive pasturing and industrial pollution have expanded dry areas, becoming kosa generating areas.

• 荘園においても、荘園領主らは必要物資を得るために荘園内に手工業者・職人を確保し、職能に応じて彼らへ給田を与えていった。
• As for Shoen, shoen landholders kept handicraftsmen within their shoen to obtain necessary supplies and gave Kyuden according to their ability.

• また、国産4車種とも西日本車体工業製の車体を積極的に採用しており、1990年代までは約半数が西日本車体工業製であった。
• In all of the four domestic models, the bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo Co., Ltd., are used; however, until the 1990s about half the buses had bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo.

• 現在の苦境への道に至るより遥か昔、１８世紀には、我々の先祖も、少なくとも我々が忘れたもの、工業化の裏面に気付いていた。
• Our ancestors, even as late as the eighteenth century when they were far along the path to our present predicament, at least were aware of what we have forgotten, the underside of industrialization.

• 工業の労務の先取特権は、その労務に従事する者の最後の三箇月間の賃金に関し、その労務によって生じた製作物について存在する。
• Statutory liens for industrial labor shall exist, with respect to manufactured things derived from labor, in connection with the most recent three months' wages of the person who engages in that labor.

• 第十九条第一項又は第二十条第一項の表示を付してある鉱工業品がその表示に係る日本工業規格に適合しない場合の措置に関する事項
• Matters related to the measures to be taken in the case where any mineral or industrial products on which the label of Paragraph 1 of Article 19 or Paragraph 1 of Article 20 is affixed do not comply with the Japanese Industrial Standards related to such label

• 特許庁において審判又は審査の事務に従事した期間が通算して五年以上になる者　工業所有権に関する法令及び条約について行う試験
• A person who has engaged in the trial or examination affairs at the Japan Patent Office for a total of five or more years:　Any examination which is conducted on laws, regulations and treaties relating to industrial property rights.

• ちなみに、このように生産される工業アルコールはのちに、日本酒だけでなく、焼酎、ウィスキー、ワインにも使われることになる。
• In addition, industrial alcohol produced in such a way was later used for shochu, whisky, and wine as well as sake.

• 殿原衆（地侍）と全人衆（商工業者・周辺農民）からなる「堅田衆」による自治が行われており、「堅田湖族」とも呼ばれてもいた。
• In Katata, they governed themselves, by 'Katata-shu' (autonomous organization in Katata) composed of Tonobara-shu (a group of Jizamurai [local samurai]) and Zenjin-shu (a group of artisans, tradesmen and farmers) and they were also called 'Katata Kozoku' (autonomous organization in Katata).

• また、荘園と同様に商工業者・職能人の間でも荘園の寄人のように特定の権門の隷属下に入ってその庇護を受けた者も寄人と呼んだ。
• As with shoen, among merchants and craftsmen, people who belonged to a specific power structure and received protection were called yoriudo, similar to the yoriudo of shoen.

• そしてこれは、1968年7月に京都市左京区松ヶ崎 （工芸学部 旧京都工業専門学校 校地） に統合移転するまで使用された。
• This campus had been used until July 1968, when it was integrated and relocated to Matsugasaki, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City (where the campus of the faculty of Engineering and Design (its predecessor was Kyoto Technical Vocational School) was placed).

• サケの白子は主にDNAやプロタミンの抽出材料として利用され、核酸系調味料、強化剤、保存料、工業原料などにも利用されている。
• Salmon milt is mainly used for extracting DNA and protamine, and also used for nucleic acid seasoning, nutrient supplement, preservatives, and industrial material.

• 融米造りや焙炒造りと同じく、伝統的な工芸品というよりも、近代的工業製品として日本酒をとらえているところが大きな特徴である。
• It is a significant characteristic of this system that, like Yumai method (the brewing method wherein rice is reduced to a gruel-like consistency to enable saccharification to proceed apace) and Baisho method (the brewing method wherein rice is heated in hot air [about 200～400 degrees Celsius]), Japanese sake is considered as a modern industrial product rather than a traditional artifact.

• 町衆（まちしゅう/ちょうしゅう）とは、室町時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけての、特に土倉などの京都の裕福な商工業者である。
• Machi-shu (also known as Cho-shu) was a class consisting of wealthy commercial and industrial men, including doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), in Kyoto from the Muromachi period to the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in Japan.

• 政府直営はもちろんのこと、民間車両工業の勃興を画策して大阪に汽車製造、名古屋に日本車輌製造を設立させ積極的な展開を図った。
• In order to encourage not only government, but also private enterprise to promote the railroad industry, the government worked actively to establish a train manufacturing company in Osaka and Nippon Sharyo in Nagoya.

• 溶鉄を通して空気を噴射するためにベッセマー転炉を使用し、その結果、過剰炭素と不純物を燃やしながら鋼を作るための工業プロセス
• an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities

• これは1981年、関西での納豆消費拡大のため、関西納豆工業協同組合がなっ(7)とう(10)の語呂合わせで制定したものである。
• This was determined by Kansai Natto Kogyo Kyodokumiai (Kansai Natto Processors Cooperative Association) in 1981, which made a sound connection (nat (= 7) to (= 10)) in order to promote the consumption of natto in the Kansai region.

• （工業統計表・品目編）生産量で平成7年に10,859トン、生産額では9年の351億円をピークとして、その後は減少傾向である。
• (Industrial statistics • individual item section) Both production volume and production value peaked in 1995 at 10,859 tons and 35.1 billion yen in 1997 respectively and has been declining since then.

• 焙炒造りと同様に、伝統的な工芸品というよりも、時代に即した近代的工業製品として日本酒をとらえているところが大きな特徴である。
• It characteristically treats sake as a modern industrial product suited to today's needs rather than a traditional craft, as it is for Baisho-zukuri (the brewing method wherein rice is heated in hot air).

• また、6年9月（493年10月）に高句麗（こま）へ日鷹吉士（ひたかのきし）を遣わし、皮の工匠などの手工業者を招いたとされる。
• In September, 493, he dispatched HITAKA no Kishi to Koma (Goguryeo) and invited manufacturers of handicrafts, for example, master tanners.

• 付近を通る幹線道路のコースを、城下に通じるように付け替えることにより往来が城下を通り、商工業を活性化させる効果を狙っている。
• By realigning nearby main route roads to pass through the joka (castle town), they wished for the traffic to pass the joka and stimulate commerce and industry.

• 明治4年（1871年）には、士族の公務を解いて、農業・工業・商業の自由を与え、また、平民も均しく公務に就任できることとした。
• In 1871, the warrior class became able to engage in not only public services, but also farming, industrial jobs or commercial business, and commoners could engage in public services.

• 商品生産・流通を掌握し、物価を引き下げるため手工業者の仲間組織を株仲間として公認、奨励して、そこに運上・冥加などを課税した。
• In order to control the processes of production and distribution of commodities and lower prices, he authorized guilds of handicraftsmen as a trade guild (kabunakama) and encouraged its organization, while imposing business taxes called unjo, myoga on them.

• 勅使、院使は3月11日 (旧暦)（同年4月18日）に江戸に到着し、幕府の伝奏屋敷（現在の日本工業倶楽部がある辺り）に入った。
• The Imperial messengers and Inshi arrived in Edo on April 18 and entered the bakufu's residence for imperial messengers (current location of the Industry Club of Japan).

• さらに、工業的な製法として、豆乳を一旦冷やし、凝固剤といっしょにプラスチック容器に流し込んでから加熱して固める充填豆腐もある。
• Furthermore, as an industrial production process, juten dofu (filled tofu) is made through the processes of chilling soy milk, putting the chilled soy milk into a plastic container with a coagulant, and curding it by heating.

• このほかホンダ・アコード、ホンダ・レジェンド、本田技研工業のホンダ・インテグラなど運転したことがあるとされる車種は非常に多い。
• He has driven various cars such as the Honda Accord, the Honda Legend, and Honda INTEGRA, all of which were manufactured by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., in addition to the above-mentioned cars.

• ちなみに工業製品別では第1位が窯業（ガラス）で、約800億円規模であり、続いて飲料缶、輸送機器（造船）、木材産業となっている。
• Among manufacturing industry, the largest is the ceramic industry (glass), worth about \80 billion followed by drinking cans, transportation units (shipbuilding) and the logging industry.

• この頃、新興都市・神戸は国内屈指の重工業都市として飛躍的な発展を遂げたが、鹿島はさらに神戸を活性化させるべく様々な手を打った。
• At around this time, although a new city Kobe developed drastically as one of the leading heavy industry cities, Kashima took next steps to revitalize the city.

• このため滋賀県は独自に工業排水と家庭用排水を規制する、いわゆる琵琶湖条例(滋賀県琵琶湖の富栄養化の防止に関する条例)を制定した。
• Consequently, Shiga Prefecture independently enacted the so-called Lake Biwa Ordinance (Ordinance for Prevention of the Eutrophication of Lake Biwa) in order to regulate factory and household effluents.

• 小学校、中学校および高等学校の他、工業高等専門学校（高専）、大学の研究機関および海上保安庁の施設等機関である海上保安学校がある。
• Apart from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools, there is also the National College of Technology, research institutions of various universities and the Japan Coast Guard School, an institution of the Japan Coast Guard.

• 二酸化炭素はセメント製造など工業製品の加工段階から排出されるものがあるが、混合セメントの利用などにより削減する計画を立てている。
• Some carbon dioxide is emitted during a processing stage of an industrial product such as cement, and the reduction of such emissions is planned by using mixed cement and so on.

• 第一次世界大戦の好景気にわく日本は同時に工業力の大発展をとげ、帝国大学の増設や学生定員の増加が社会的にもとめられることとなった。
• While enjoying the economic growth because of World War I, Japan also experienced a great advancement in industrial power, and consequently, there was a societal demand to build more imperial universities and increase the student enrollment limit.

• 日本国臣民は、南満州及東部内蒙古に於て、各種商工業上の建物の建設又は耕作の為必要なる土地の賃借権又は其所有権を取得することを得。
• The Japanese subjects shall be permitted in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia to lease or own land required either for erecting buildings for various commercial and industrial uses or for farming.

• 低電圧ヒューズ−第２−１部：専門家用ヒューズの追加要求事項（主として工業用のヒューズ）−第Ⅰ章～第Ⅴ章：専門家用標準ヒューズの例
• Low-voltage fuses-Part 2-1 : Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) Sections I to V : Examples of types of standardized fuses for use by authorized persons

• 昭和12年（1937年）には、東京楽水紙工業組合が組織され、昭和15年（1940年）には組合員35名、年産450万枚に達していた。
• In 1937, the association of the rakusui-shi paper industry of Tokyo was organized, the number of the members reached thirty-five, and the annual production of the sheets of paper reached four-millions and five-hundred thousands in 1940.

• なお工業的に製造する場合は、赤系の着色料を混ぜた、梅酢を用いた調味液で、あらかじめ細切りにしておいたショウガを漬け込む製法が多い。
• When beni-shoga is produced industrially, however, ginger shredded in advance are often pickled in a condiment liquid of plum vinegar with red food coloring.

• なお、鯨肉が利用されなくなったにもかかわらず捕鯨が継続された理由は、鯨油やクジラヒゲなどに工業原料としての価値があったためである。
• The reason why whales were hunt even after their meat became less and less used as food was that whale oil and whalebone were useful as industrial materials.

• 歴史的に古く鳶職の職能の一部だったが、最近は高度に工業化されたコンピューター制御のジャッキアップシステムを駆使する専門業者も多い。
• Although hikiya worker had a long history and was engaged in a part of occupational competence required by tobishoku, many specialists nowadays use the jack up system controlled by highly-industrialized computers.

• しかし、当時の経済の実態は農村工業の発達と新興商人が都市でも地方でも台頭したことによって、株仲間の独占はむしろ形骸化しつつあった。
• But, in reality, the monopoly by kabunakama was losing substance due to the development of rural industry and the rise of emerging merchants both in urban and rural areas.

• 雑戸（ざっこ）とは、日本の律令制において特定の官司に隷属していた大化前代の職業部に由来する手工業を中心とした技術を持つ集団のこと。
• Zakko refers to groups of technical experts mainly from handicraft industry, coming from shokugyobe (professional Be [groups of people who belonged to the Yamato Dynasty]) subordinated to specific government offices under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) of Japan before the Taika Reforms.

• 具体的には、旧領の日野・松阪の商人の招聘、定期市の開設、楽市楽座の導入、手工業の奨励等により、江戸時代の会津藩の発展の礎を築いた。
• Merchants of the former domains of Hino and Matsuzaka were welcomed to the town, regular scheduled markets were organized, free markets and free guilds were introduced and handicrafts were encouraged etc, all of which laid the foundations for development in the Aizu domain in the Edo period.

• 1927年金融恐慌で川崎造船（現・川崎重工業）が破綻、松方幸次郎初代社長引退の後を受け1928年川崎造船所と川崎汽船の社長に就任。
• In 1928, he became the president of Kawasaki Shipbuilding (now known as Kawasaki Heavy Industries) and Kawasaki Kisen after the resignation of the first president Kojiro MATSUKATA due to the Great Depression which led to the bankruptcy of Kawasaki Dockyard in 1927.

• 道を開き、それを舗装し、上下水道網を建設すること、そして住宅計画、工業地帯といったような基幹設備の水準において成果があがりました。
• and on the level of infrastructure in terms of opening and asphalting roads, building networks of water and waste water, the housing projects, and the industrial zones

• 缶コーヒーはコーヒーを加工して作られる様々な二次産品（コーヒー風味の菓子やパンなど）の一つで、工業用コーヒー市場の製品に分類される。
• Canned coffee is one of the various secondary products made from by processing coffee (.coffee-flavored candies and bread) and is categorized as a product of industrial coffee market.

• 経済面では、地主や問屋商人の中には工場を設けて分業や協業によって工場制手工業生産をおこなうマニュファクチュアが天保期には現れている。
• In the Tenpo era, a new economic style, manufacture, emerged among landowners and wholesallers, who set up factories with the principle of division of labor or cooperation.

• 玉軸受又はころ軸受（円すいころ軸受を除く。）であって、日本工業規格Ｂ一五一四号で定める精度が二級以上のもの（イに該当するものを除く。）
• Ball bearings or bearings (excluding tapered roller bearings) with a precision grade 2 or higher as specified by Japanese Industrial Standards B 1514 (excluding those falling under (a))

• このため現在は和三盆の代わりとして、白下糖に成分の似た粗糖などを使って類似の砂糖を工業的に製造した、和菓子用の加工糖も販売されている。
• For this reason, nowadays industrially produced processed sugar made from crude sugar which has the constituents similar to those of Shiroshita-to is sold to be used for Japanese sweets as a substitute of Wasanbon.

• 既存の独占販売権、非課税権、不入権などの特権を持つ商工業者（市座、問屋など）を排除して自由取引市場をつくり、座を解散させるものである。
• Rakuichi-rakuza was the creation of free trade markets and the dissolution of guilds with the exclusion of preexisting merchants and tradesmen (market and trade guild system, wholesalers etc.) with special rights such as exclusive sales rights, non-taxation rights and the right to keep tax agents from entering one's property.

• そして百姓の生業も農業に限られるものではなく、百姓身分で「商」や「工」に属するはずの海運業や手工業などによって財を成した者も多くいた。
• Besides, peasants were not limited to living on farming and many of them actually built a fortune through marine transportation or handicrafts, which should have belonged to trades of 'sho' or 'ko'.

• 韓国の資本主義は日本の植民地化の中で生まれ、特に戦後の韓国の資本主義や工業化は日本の近代化政策を模したものという研究結果を出している。
• He published the results of his study determining South Korean capitalism was born during Japanese colonization, and particularly the capitalism and industrialization in South Korea after the war was modeled after Japanese modernization policies.

• 《1》ジャスコ久御山店→新タマキ→工業団地→佐古→垣内→久御山団地→栄中央公園→林→佐山→下津屋→工業団地→新タマキ→ジャスコ久御山店
• «1»JUSCO Kumiyama - Shin Tamaki -Kogyodanchi - Sako- Kakiuchi - Kumiyama Danchi - Sakae Chuokoen (Sakae Central Park) - Hayashi - Sayama - Shimotsuya - Kogyodanchi (Industrial Park) - Shin Tamaki - JUSCO kumiyama

• 機械工学科を機械システム工学科、機械工学第二学科をエネルギー機械工学科、工業化学科を機能分子工学科、化学工学科を物質化学工学科に改組。
• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of the Second Mechanical Engineering, Department of Industrial Chemical, and, Department of Chemical Engineering were respectively reorganized into Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Molecular Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Material.

• 受領名を有する商工業者が扱う商品は、ブランドとしての付加価値が認められ、同じ業種の職人がつくった商品の中でも、破格の値段で取引される。
• Merchandise dealt by merchants and traders with the Zuryomei was more valuable as a brand and traded at the most extraordinary price among the merchandise made by craftsmen in the same industry.

• 機構は、第一項の規定により鉱工業承継勘定を廃止したときは、その廃止の際鉱工業承継勘定に属する資本金の額により資本金を減少するものとする。
• When NEDO has eliminated the account for functions related to mining and industry succession pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), it shall reduce its stated capital by the amount of stated capital included in the account for functions related to mining and industry succession as of the time of account's elimination.

• 2002年5月、オリンパス光学工業株式会社（現在のオリンパス株式会社）が全国紙に「他力本願から抜け出そう」というコピーで広告を掲載した。
• In May 2002, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. (present-day Olympus Corporation) ran an advertisement using the phrase 'Let us get away from Tariki Hongan,' in a newspaper with nationwide circulation.

• 門前町（もんぜんまち）とは、有力な寺院・神社の周辺に、社寺関係者および参拝客を相手にする商工業者が集まることによって形成された町のこと。
• Monzen-machi means a town around an influential temple or shrine that was developed after merchants and manufacturers gathered there to conduct business, targeting workers and visitors of the shrine or temple.

• 又、倉谷工業団地 (京都)には資生堂やキリンビバレッジなどの企業も操業中であり、現在は喜多工業団地への企業誘致に積極的に取り組んでいる。
• In addition, there are enterprises in operation such as Shiseido Co., Ltd. and Kirin Beverage Company, Ltd. in Kuratani Industrial Park (Kyoto), and Kita Industrial Park is active in inviting companies.

• 工事は第1次世界大戦後の恐慌の影響を受けるなどあったが、1934年に日月潭第一発電所が完成、台湾の工業化の基礎となる電力供給が実現した。
• Though the construction was influenced by the economic depression after World War Ⅰ, the First Power Station in Sun Moon Lake was completed in 1934, enabling the power supply to support the foundation for industrialization in Taiwan.

• 三菱電機製制御装置と東芝製モーターの組み合わせが一貫して守られているが、台車は10系が住友金属工業、50系が日立製作所と分けられている。
• For these series the combination of a control device made by Mitsubishi Electric Corp. with a motor by Toshiba is consistently applied, but the Series 10 train uses a body made by Sumitomo Metal Industries and the Series 50 uses a body by Hitachi.

• 明治40年(1907年)に帝國教育會、東京府教育會、東京市教育会が連合主催で、全国教育家大集会が東京蔵前高等工業学校の講堂で開催された。
• In 1907, a large national meeting of educators was jointly held by the Imperial Educational Society, the Educational Society of Tokyo Prefecture and the Educational Society of Tokyo City at the auditorium of Tokyo Kuramae Higher Technical School.

• 加えて工業団地では物流関連の観点から原材料や製品を効率的に運般可能とするために高速道路や主要幹線道路に近い立地条件に開発される場合が多い。
• In addition, many industrial danchi are constructed near highways or major roads in order to make it possible to transport raw materials and products efficiently.

• 品質低下を防止するため1880年に博多織会社が設立、6年後に博多織同業組合となり、変遷を経て、出資組合である現在の博多織工業組合となった。
• In order to prevent a drop in quality, the Hakata-ori Company was established in 1880, which became Hakata-ori Trade Organization six years later, and after going through transitions, became the current Hakata-ori Textile Industrial Association as a capitalized association.

• 現在では、近代工業の発達により作業の機械化が進み、わずかの大豆から効率よく豆腐が生産されるようになり、より安価で提供されるようになった。。
• Currently, tofu is efficiently made from a small number of soybeans due to the mechanized process that has developed with modern industry, and tofu is sold at cheaper prices.

• なお工業に関しては倉谷工業団地にケンコーマヨネーズ西日本工場が進出するなど明るい話題がある一方、大和紡績舞鶴工場が生産を中止するなどある。
• As for manufacturing industry, the bright topic is that Kenko Mayonnaise Co., Ltd. branches out the western Japan factory in Kuratani Industrial Park, while DAIWABO CO.,LTD. discontinues its production at Maizuru factory.

• そうした鉱産物の一つがニッケルで、その国産化にもっとも興味をもった企業の一つが後の日本冶金工業となる当時の日本火薬工業（日本火工）だった。
• One of these mineral products was nickel, and one of the corporations most interested in its domestic production was then Nihon Kayaku Kogyo (Nihon Kako) which later became Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd.

• 醤油を除き、中国から伝わっていた要素で、室町時代の商工業発達によって普及した（醤油の普及はやや遅れ、関西では江戸時代初期、江戸では中期）。
• With the exception of soy sauce (which had not widely proliferated throughout western Japan until the early Edo period nor spread into Edo itself until the mid-Edo period), these were items that had been introduced from China and then disseminated thanks to the commercial and industrial growth seen during the Muromachi period.

• 大正2年（1913年）住友肥料製造所（現住友化学）を設立し、同8年大阪の臨海工業地帯建設のために大阪北港（後の、住友土地工務）を設立した。
• In 1913 he founded Sumitomo Hiryo Seizo-sho (current Sumitomo Chemical), and in 1919 built Osaka Hokko (the North Port of Osaka, the predecessor of Sumitomo Land and Construction) for the coastal industrial areas of Osaka.

• その中で「政・官・学・財」が一体となってバックアップし企業が京都に根付くような体制（府の融資条件の緩和や工業団地設立など）をつくっていく。
• Under the plan, he developed a mechanism to facilitate private companies' settlement in Kyoto with 'government, bureaucracy, academia, and business' backing each other up (which included easing of the terms and conditions for financing programs the prefecture provided and setting up of industrial parks.)

• 工業プロセス用調節弁−第３部：寸法−第１節：フランジ形二方ストレート形グローブ調節弁の面間寸法及びアングル形グローブ調節弁の中心−面間寸法
• Industrial-process control valves-Part 3-1:Dimensions-Face-to-face dimensions for flanged, two-way, globe-type, straight pattern and centre-to-face dimensions for flanged, two-way, globe-type, angle pattern control valves

• 電気及び関連分野−工業用システム，設備及び装置，並びに工業製品−構造化原理及び参照指定−第２部：オブジェクトの分類（クラス）及び分類コード
• Industrial system,installations and equipment and industrial products-Structuring principles and reference designations-Part2:Classification of objects and codes for classes

• 他方、工業団地では工場から発生する音や振動等を周辺地域に及ぼしたり周辺環境を乱さないように住環境と離れた位置に集中して建設されることが多い。
• On the other hand, industrial danchi are often constructed distant from residential areas so that the noise and vibrations generated by factories do not disturb inhabitants or disrupt the environment.

• この法律において「工業標準化」とは、左に掲げる事項を全国的に統一し、又は単純化することをいい、「工業標準」とは、工業標準化のための基準をいう。
• For the purpose of this Act, the term 'Industrial Standardization' means to integrate or simplify, on a nationwide scale, the matters listed in the following items, and the term 'Industrial Standards' means the standards for the Industrial Standardization:

• 昭和24年（1949年）10月フランスの蒸留機メーカーであるメル社のアロスパス式加水蒸留が日本蒸留工業にもたらされて問題点を解決するに至った。
• Then, the hydrolytic distilling technique in arosupasu (アロスパス) style of Meru (メル) company, a manufacturer of distilling machines in France, was introduced to Nihon Joryu Kogyo Co. Ltd., on October 1949, which brought solutions.

• 融米造り（ゆうまいづくり）と同じく、伝統的な工芸品というよりも、時代に即した近代的工業製品として日本酒をとらえているところが大きな特徴である。
• The remarkable feature of this method is that this method is developed from a viewpoint for Japanese sake to be a modern industrial product which fits the current time rather than a traditional handicraft product similarly to Yumai-zukuri method.

• 農業生産の高まりと宋銭の流入によって商工業が全国的に発展した鎌倉時代中期以後から見られるようになり、南北朝時代_(日本)には全国的に普及した。
• This system started in the mid-Kamakura period when commerce and industries developed nationwide thanks to boosting agricultural production and the circulation of Sung currency and spread throughout the nation in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

• そして堺灯台の建造など港湾改修・紡績所・レンガ工場・堺博覧会など商工業振興のほか浜寺公園と大浜公園 (堺市)の開設など先進的に県政がすすんだ。
• In addition, seen in the construction of the Sakai Light House and so on, apart from the promotion of trade and craft such as the restoration of seaports, the creation of spinning mills, brick factories, and hosting of the Sakai Exposition, Hamadera Park and Ohama Park (Sakai City) were built, helping prefectural legislations move forward.

• その個人が国内又は国外において行なう事業に属する金銭、工業所有権その他の資産をそれぞれその個人が国外又は国内において行なう事業の用に供する行為
• Act of using money, industrial property rights or any other assets which belong to the business conducted by the individual in or outside Japan, for the business conducted by the individual outside or in Japan, respectively

• その法人が国内又は国外において行なう事業に属する金銭、工業所有権その他の資産をそれぞれその法人が国外又は国内において行なう事業の用に供する行為
• Act of using money, industrial property rights or any other assets which belong to the business conducted by the corporation in or outside Japan, for the business conducted by the corporation outside or in Japan, respectively.

• 特定中小企業等又は第三号の株式会社若しくは有限会社の所有する工業所有権又は著作権の取得及び保有（これらの権利に関して利用を許諾することを含む。）
• Acquiring and holding of industrial property rights or copyrights held by a Specified SME, Etc. or a business corporation or a limited liability company as prescribed in clause (iii) (including granting a license to use the rights relating thereto);

• 類似の施設として京浜工業地帯においては、横浜市金沢区に財団法人横浜産業振興公社と住友生命相互保険会社が運営する横浜金沢ハイテクセンター等がある。
• A similar facility in Keihin Industrial Area is Yokohama Kanazawa High-Tec Center in Kanazawa Ward, Yokohama City, jointly operated by Yokohama Industrial Development Corporation and Sumitomo Life Insurance Company.

• 産業的には、日本の漁港一覧であり、気仙沼漁港、石巻漁港、塩釜漁港のような大規模な特定第3種漁港の存在と、関連する水産加工業の発達が影響している。
• From an industrial viewpoint, as in the list of fishing ports in Japan, there is the influence of the large-scale Tokutei Daisansyu Gyoko such as the fishing ports of Kesennuma, Ishinomaki and Shiogama, as well as the development of related marine-product processing industries.

• 室町時代に軽工業の発達から生活道具が大量に出回り、臼や釜や鍋などから、桶や壷が、安易に消費されるようになり、これらも九十九神として描かれている。
• As household utensils, such as mortars, pots, pans, tubs and jars, became popular in the Muromachi period thanks to the development of light industry, they were also painted as Tsukumogami.

• 工業の力が商業に大きく勝っている関係で、工業系事業所の経済団体として久御山町工業会が長く運営されてきたが、2003年に工業会が商工会と統合した。
• Because its industrial power is much stronger than its commercial power, the Kumiyama-cho Industry Association operated as an economic organization of industrial establishments for a long time, but, was integrated with the commercial association in 2003.

• 京は富裕層向けを初めとした高付加価値商品生産地、すなわち工業都市として発展し、製品・職人が日本各地へと流れ、付随して京文化の影響を各地に与えた。
• Kyoto had been developed as a high-value-added commodity production area, or industrial city, such as those for the wealthy class, and its products and craftsmen circulated around various areas in Japan, which brought the accompanying influence of Kyoto culture to those regions thereon.

• 台湾での工業化を推進するために整備が進められた台湾での本格的な発電事業は、1903年2月12日に土倉龍次郎により台北電気株式会社の設立に始まる。
• The development of power plants in Taiwan started with the establishment of Taipei Electric Company by Ryujiro DOKURA on February 12, 1903.

• 第二種住居地域、準住居地域若しくは工業地域が定められている土地の区域又は用途地域が定められていない土地の区域（市街化調整区域を除く。）であること。
• Areas with land designated as category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, or industrial districts or areas with land with no designated use districts (excluding urbanization control areas).

• 京都における官衙を含めた領主権力が強化され、座の権威を無視して営業税をかけたり、地方の商工業者が地元の領主と結びついて座の権威打破を図ろうとした。
• The power of feudal lords including government offices in Kyoto was increased, which made it possible for them to impose business taxes without the consent of za; further, local merchants and manufacturers tried to destroy the authority of za in cooperation with local lords.

• 本当は数学が好きであったが、父の叔父に当たる喜多源逸教授の「数学が好きなら化学をやれ」という一言に触発されて、京都大学工学部工業化学科に進学した。
• He really liked mathematics, but his father's uncle, Professor Genitsu KITA, swayed him to study chemistry by saying, 'If you like math, then do chemistry'. So he decided to enter into the Faculty of Engineering Undergraduate School of Industrial Chemistry program at Kyoto University.

• 選ばれた実例は、特に、製造工業会社の技師や管理者を対象に訴えかけられ、また、それらの工場で働くすべての人に相当するものであろうというものであった。
• The illustrations chosen are such as, it is believed, will especially appeal to engineers and to managers of industrial and manufacturing establishments, and also quite as much to all of the men who are working in these establishments.

• 国内に所在する不動産に関する権利又は工業所有権等の得喪又は変更を目的とする法律事件のうち、前項第六号の法律事件以外のものについての代理及び文書の作成
• representation or the preparation of documents regarding a legal case other than a legal case mentioned in item (vi) of the preceding paragraph, the purpose of which is the acquisition or relinquishment or amendment of rights concerning real property located in Japan or Industrial Property Rights, etc.

• 産業面では舞鶴港があり、舞鶴の総工業出荷額の約20％を占めるといわれるユニバーサル造船、舞鶴・平工業団地には日本板硝子などの企業も多く立地している。
• As for industry, Higashi-Maizuru's Maizuru Port offers an industrial site to Universal Shipbuilding Corporation, which is said to make up bout twenty percent of the total shipment value of Maizuru's manufacturing industry, and has many enterprises such as Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. in Taira Industrial Park in Maizuru City.

• 1983年に開園した東京ディズニーランドのアトラクション「ウエスタンリバー鉄道」用に、協三工業が1Bテンダー機関車3両を製造した（のち1両を追加）。
• Kyosan Kogyo Co. Ltd. produced three IB tender locomotives (one more added later) for the attraction, 'Western River Railroad' in Tokyo Disneyland, which opened in 1983.

• 工業用炭酸ナトリウム−第５部：鉄含有量の求め方−１，１０−フェナントロリン吸光光度分析方法，原子吸光分析方法，高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Sodium carbonate for industrial use−Part 5 : Determination of iron content−1, 10-Phenanthroline molecular absorption spectrometry, Atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

• 第三条のフレキシブルディスクには、日本工業規格Ｘ六二二一又はＸ六二二三に規定するラベル領域に、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面をはり付けなければならない。
• A document stating the following matters shall be pasted onto the labeling area specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X6221 or X6223 of a flexible disk as prescribed in Article 3:

• 日本において日本の便器はTOTO、INAXの2社による製造（伝統的な焼き物産業）が大半を占め、ジャニス工業、アサヒ衛陶、ネポンなどがこれに続いている。
• In Japan production (the traditional pottery industry) by the two companies TOTO LTD. and INAX Corporation dominates the market of Japanese toilet basins, and Janis Ltd., ASAHI EITO Corporation, NEPON Inc., and so on follow this.

• 勅使の品川宿（現東京都品川区）到着の報告を受けて長矩も3月10日 (旧暦)（4月17日）に伝奏屋敷（現千代田区丸の内1-4日本工業倶楽部）へと入った。
• Naganori entered residence for Imperial envoys in Edo (current Marunouchi Chiyoda Ward 1-4 Japan Industrial Club) on April 17 as he was informed that Imperial envoys had reached Shinagawa-shuku Station.

• 京都周辺の公家領からの収入は室町殿の家領安堵によって座や商工業者への課役や関所・率分所などからの収入とともに室町時代においても辛うじて維持されてきた。
• The income from the kuge-ryo in Kyoto and the surrounding area, along with the revenue of the tax levied on the trade guilds ('za') and the merchants and tradesmen, as well as the income from the barriers ('sekisho') and tax storehouses ('ritsubunsho'), managed to be sustained to the Muromachi period by the shogunal guarantee on the family estate ('keryo ando').

• 工業用塩酸−第３部：鉄含有量の求め方−１，１０-フェナントロリン吸光光度分析方法，電気加熱方式原子吸光分析方法，高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析方法
• Hydrochloric acid for industrial use−Part 3 : Determination of iron content−1, 10−Phenanthroline molecular absorption spectrometry, Electrothermal type atomic absorption spectrometry, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

• 第四章からこの章までにおける主務大臣は、厚生労働大臣、農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣又は国土交通大臣であつて、当該鉱工業品の生産の事業を所管する大臣とする。
• The competent minister from Chapter IV to this Chapter shall be the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, or Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism who holds jurisdiction over the business of the production of said mineral or industrial product.

• 最近の大規模な企業進出例として、1990年（平成2年）倉谷地区に市が造成した倉谷工業団地 (京都)に進出した大手清涼飲料メーカーと大手化粧品メーカーや、
• As an example of recent large scale business advances, a top soft drink manufacturer and leading cosmetics manufacturer moved in to Kuraya Industrial Park (Kyoto) in the Kuraya district which was developed by the municipal government in 1990.

• 多くの有力寺社は京都など政治の中枢から遠くない場所にありながら、政治的中立、軍事的不可侵に守られて商工業や金融の拠点として強い経済力を持つようになった。
• Many influential temples and shrines came to have a strong economic power as the base of merchants, traders and finance, because they were guarded by political neutrality and nonaggression although they were located in not so far places from the center of politics such as Kyoto.

• 1949年には同志社大学に工学部（電気学科、機械学科、工業化学科）が設置され、同志社工業専門学校は吸収され、1952年に同志社工業専門学校は廃止される。
• The Faculty of Engineering (Department of Electricity, Department of Mechanics, and Department of Chemical Engineering) were established in Doshisha University in 1949, therefore Doshisha Engineering College was integrated into the faculty, and abolished in 1952.

• そして、近世城下町発展の最大の功労者は織田信長で、本格的な兵農分離を意図し武士を城下に集住させるとともに、市街に楽市楽座を設けて商工業の発達を活発にした。
• The most important person in relation to the development of jokamachi in the early-modern times was Nobunaga ODA, and with the idea of serious heinobunri in mind, he gathered bushi (warriors) near his castle and established Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in the city areas to stimulate the development of commerce and trade.

• 3年の留学の後、知識と技術を得た彼らのうち数人は後に現東京工業大学の第1期卒業生となり、ある者は美術家となるが、彼らの多くは日本国内の建築分野で活躍した。
• A good deal of knowledge was gained from the three-year mission and, after returning to Japan, many of the delegates played an important part in architectural circles, some became artists, while others became the first graduates of what is now known as the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

• 本科学科を改称： 窯業科・化学工業科 （旧人造繊維科）・建築科 （旧図案科）・紡織科 （旧色染科 + 旧機織科）・機械科 （旧精密機械科 + 旧機械科）。
• Departments in the regular course were renamed: Department of Ceramics Industry and Department of Chemical Industry (old Department of Synthetic Fiber), Department of Building (old Department of Design), Department of Spinning (old Departments of Dyes plus old Department of Weaving), and Department of Machinery (old Department of Precision Instruments plus old Department of Machinery).

• このような武装集団だけでなく、神社に隷属した芸能者・手工業者・商人なども神人に加えられ、やがて、神人が組織する商工・芸能の座が多く結成されるようになった。
• Not only armed groups, but also performers, craftsmen, and merchants joined jinin, and over time, many commerce, industry, and entertainment guilds were organized by jinin.

• この法律において「ものづくり基盤技術」とは、工業製品の設計、製造又は修理に係る技術のうち汎用性を有し、製造業の発展を支えるものとして政令で定めるものをいう。
• The term 'core manufacturing technology' as used in this Act means such technology pertaining to the design, manufacture or repair of industrial products that is specified by a Cabinet Order as versatile technology that supports the development of the manufacturing industry.

• 何人も、第一項に規定する場合を除くほか、その取り扱う鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に同項の表示を付し、又はこれと紛らわしい表示を付してはならない。
• Except for the cases as provided for in Paragraph 1, no person shall affix the label of Paragraph 1 or a confusingly similar label to any mineral or industrial product it handles, or its package, container or invoice.

• 四季醸造は昭和になって工業技術と空調設備によって復活したが、日本酒醪などいくつかの工程において、酵母に効果的な活動をうながすために低温であることが望ましい。
• Shikijozo was revived in Showa period with the use of industrial techniques and ventilation systems, but unrefined sake and other processes require low temperatures to encourage effective yeast activity.

• 当時は現代のような醸造アルコールを工業的に作ることができなかったので、せめて当時に存在するアルコール度数の高い飲料である焼酎を用いたのだという考え方である。
• In other words, it is now viewed that the brewers at that time resorted to shochu spirit that was then high-proof beverage, because they could not produce industrially fermented beverage like today.

• 戦後、阪神工業地帯などでの工場・事業所の新設や拡張などで、製造業生産高が増大していくが、東京一極集中による東京への本社や事業所の移転はその後も継続している。
• After the war, manufacturing output was increased by new construction or expansion projects of factories and business establishments in the Hanshin Industrial Zone; however, because of unipolar concentration of Tokyo, headquarters and business establishments have continued to move to Tokyo thereafter.

• その後、江戸時代に入り、商工業の発展や社会に浸透していた文書主義などにより、実務教育の需要が一層高まり、先ず江戸や京都などの都市部に寺子屋が普及して行った。
• Later, in the Edo period, with the development of commerce and trade, and with the rise in importance of documents, the demand for practical education grew, which led to the spread of Terakoya initially in city areas such as Edo and Kyoto.

• その報酬は国衙から給与されていたが、平安後期以降、律令制に基づく国衙機構が大きく変質し再編成が行なわれると、手工業者への報酬に代えて給田が設定されていった。
• The payment was paid by the Kokuga, but in the late Heian period, the Kokuga organization based on the Ritsuryo system was dramatically reorganized and Kyuden were given to handicraftsmen as payment instead.

• 経済産業分野では、富国強兵・殖産興業のスローガンの下、富岡製糸場を初めとする官営工場が作られるなど、政府主導の産業育成が始まり、西洋式工業技術が導入された。
• In economic and industrial areas, the government began leading industrial development, and Western industrial technology was adopted, such as the establishment of government-owned factories including Tomioka Silk Mill under the slogans 'Fukoku Kyohei' (enriching the country and strengthing the military) and 'Shokusan Kogyo' (encouraging building of new industries).

• これは地方で工業を営む家の子が学校を卒業した後、現場実践を通じて事業承継に耐えうる技術を身につけさせるために久御山町の事業所に数年間送り込むというものである。
• This system allow families operating industries in another region to dispatch their children to the business offices in Kumiyama-cho for several years after graduating school, in order to allow them to master technologies, and bring success to their parents' business through on-site practice.

• 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
• During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.

• この伝統的な見方に沿う場合、大阪市・神戸市を中心とした阪神工業地帯を1つの都市（都市圏）とし、近代重化学工業を基盤としない京都市を中心とした都市圏は別に扱う。
• In accordance with this traditional point of view, the Hanshin Industrial Zone centered in Osaka City and Kobe City is specified as a city (urban area), and the urban area centered in Kyoto City which is not based on modern heavy chemical industries is treated separately.

• みつ夫人（進十六の娘）との間に2男3女をもうけ、長男・箕作秋吉は理学博士号を持つ化学者であると同時に作曲家としても活躍し、次男・洋輔は工業技術家として知られた。
• Mitsukuri and his wife Mitsu (a daughter of 進十六) had two sons and three daughters: the first son, Shukichi MITSUKURI, was a chemist with a Doctorate of Science, and also was a composer; the second son, Yosuke, was known as an industrial technician.

• なお、新幹線車両の製作を行っているメーカーは現在、日本車輌製造・川崎重工業・日立製作所・近畿車輛（JR西日本のみ）・東急車輛製造（JR東日本のみ）の5社である。
• Shinkansen train-cars are currently manufactured by the five companies of Nippon Sharyo, Ltd., Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Kinki Sharyo Co., Ltd (only for JR West) and Tokyu Car Corporation (only for JR East).

• 西洋画は当初日本では、芸術文化の類というよりは建築などの図面を描く工業技術として、京都府画学校創立に先立つ1876年工部美術学校などで導入されていたからである。
• Western Painting was introduced as the Technology Art School in 1876 prior to the establishment of Kyoto Prefectural School of Painting and was studied as an industrial technology for drawing construction plans rather than as art and culture, etc.

• この法律は、弁理士の制度を定め、その業務の適正を図ることにより、工業所有権の適正な保護及び利用の促進等に寄与し、もって経済及び産業の発展に資することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to provide for a system of patent attorneys and make their business proper, thereby contributing to such matters as the proper protection and the promotion of utilization of industrial property rights, and consequently contributing to the development of economy and industry.

• 都市圏の中心となるべき舞鶴市は高等学校等の教育機関が国立1校（舞鶴工業高等専門学校）、公立2校、私立1校と少ないため、統計上、昼間人口の吸収率は必ずしも高くない。
• Maizuru City, the center of the urban area, has a few educational institutes including high schools, that is only one national high school (Maizuru National College of Technology), two public schools, and one private school, and consequently the daytime population is not necessarily large in statistics.

• この会社は以来、数々の機関車や客貨車を製造してきたが、1912年、汽車製造株式会社（通称　汽車会社）に名を変え、1972年、川崎重工業に吸収合併されて幕を閉じた。
• This company had produced various locomotives and passenger and freight carss since the establishment, but in 1912 its name was changed to Kisha Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha (commonly called Kisha Kaisha), and in 1972, it was merged into Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. to end its history.

• 孫の平田佐矩は、平田紡績社長から四日市市長に就任して四日市コンビナートを建設して、経済発展と工業都市四日市を建設した反面・四日市喘息公害問題の負の遺産をつくった。
• A grandchild, Sukenori HIRATA assumed the position of the mayor of Yokkaichi City after being the president of Hirata Boseki, and constructed Yokkaichi Industrial Complex and succeeded in achieving economic development and making Yokkaichi be an industrialized city, whereas he created the negative legacy of Yokkaichi asthma pollution issue.

• 上記に対して岩田経由の75C号経路は途中区間に上津屋工業団地及び岩田工業団地と後者に隣接する京田辺市大住地区の工場地帯を走行するので朝夕ラッシュ時の乗客数が多い。
• Constrasting the above, Route No. 75C operating via Iwata passes through industrial zones, such as the Kozuya industrial housing complex, Iwata industrial housing complex, and the adjacent Kyotanabe City Osumi area; therefore there are many passengers during the morning and evening rush hours.

• その後、1905年（明治38年）に長崎高等商業学校が、1906年（明治39年）に仙台高等工業学校、および、第五高等学校工学部をもとに熊本高等工業学校が設置された。
• After that, Nagasaki Koto Shogyo Gakko (Nagasaki Higher Commercial School) was established in 1905, Sendai Higher Technical School and Kumamoto Higher Technical School were established based on Faculty of Engineering, the Former Fifth High School, in 1906.

• 工業標準化法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十五号）に基づく日本工業規格（以下「日本工業規格」という。）Ｘ六二二一に適合する九十ミリメートルフレキシブルディスクカートリッジ
• a 90-mm flexible disk cartridge that conforms to the Japanese Industrial Standards under Industrial Standardization Act (Act No. 185 of 1949) (hereinafter referred to as 'Japanese Industrial Standards') X6221; or

• 武田薬品工業100％出資の子会社で、武田薬品工業が販売するビタミン剤のアリナミンや風邪薬で知られるベンザブロックなどの市販薬の大半はここで生産され全国へ出荷される。
• Company wholly owned by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, which produces and ships over-the-counter medicines to all of Japan including the vitamin mixture Alinamin, and the cold medicine known as Benza Block, etc. which are sold by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

• 近年では、旧丹波国にも工業団地が造成され、畿内（大阪市）から丹後（舞鶴市）を経て北陸（敦賀市）を結ぶ舞鶴若狭自動車道が建設されるなど、南北格差の是正が図られている。
• In recent years, the disparity between the northen and southern areas has been corrected gradually, for examples, through the construction of industrial parks in the former Tanba Province area and that of Maizuru Wakasa Expressway, which connects the Hokuriku region (Tsuruga City) to the Kinai region (Osaka) via Tango (Maizuru City).

• 京都においては、朝廷や御所や寺院の用をはたす商工業者や芸能者に限り、家格や家業に箔をつけさせるため、金品次第により守、介、掾などの受領名を授け、特権的立場を与えた。
• In Kyoto, only merchants, traders and performers, who had businesses with the Imperial Court, Gosho (Imperial Palace) and temples, were granted the Zuryomei such as Kami (Governor), Suke (Vice Governor) and Jo (Provincial Governor), and a privileged position to increase their prestige for the social standing and family business.

• 事業として貯金又は定期積金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合、農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会
• Agricultural cooperatives, federations of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperatives, federations of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperatives and federations of fishery processing cooperatives, which may accept savings or thrift savings in the course of trade

• 居住者が技術導入契約の対価として工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利の譲渡、これらに関する使用権の設定又は事業の経営に関する技術の指導を行おうとする技術導入契約の締結等
• The conclusion of a technology introduction contract, etc. in which a resident intends to transfer industrial property and other rights relating to the technology, establish the right of use relating thereto or give guidance on the technology relating to business operation as the consideration of the technology introduction contract;

• 国内登録認証機関は、主務省令で定めるところにより、認証をした製造業者等又は加工業者の氏名又は名称、住所その他の主務省令で定める事項を主務大臣に報告しなければならない。
• A Domestic Accredited Certification Body shall report to the competent minister the names, addresses and other data required by the Ordinance of the competent ministry of the manufacturers, etc. or processors that it has granted the Certification, pursuant to the provisions of the Ordinance of the competent ministry.

• これらの組み紐は熟練の職人による一点ものの手工芸品だったが、1882年ドイツのバーメンから、工業用の組み紐製造機が輸入され、組み紐業が産業として成立するようになった。
• These braided cord products had been one-of-a-kind handicrafts created by master craftsmen, but a braided cord machine for industrial use was imported from Barmen, Germany in 1882, making braided cord manufacturing an industry.

• 農業生産の向上や商工業及び交通の発達によって貨幣流通が盛んになるにつれて広く行われるようになり、室町時代には最初から銭納を想定した公事に対してもこの名称が用いられた。
• It was widespread, as money became circulating more rapidly due to agricultural production increase, and development of commerce, industry, and transportation; and in the Muromachi period, this name was also applied to kuji which was decided to be paid by money from the beginning.

• 大化の改新以後、一部は廃止されるが残りは再編されて官司に付属され、貢納の一環として宮廷で用いる奢侈品や特殊な技術を必要とする工業製品の生産を義務付けられるようになる。
• Some shinabe were dissolved after the Taika Reforms, while the rest were reorganized to be affiliated with government offices where they were obliged to produce luxury goods used in the Imperial Court and industrial products requiring special techniques as part of tribute.

• また、以前の経緯より現存営業用車両の全てが、かつて存在した、阪神系の武庫川車両工業製造となっているが、部品などでは京阪電気鉄道から譲渡され、再利用しているものも多い。
• With the previous circumstances, all the existing cars for passenger service were produced by the previous Mukogawa-Sharyo (Hanshin group), while many of the components have been transferred from the Keihan Electric Railway and are reused.

• これらは学制改革でそれぞれ東京工業大学・熊本大学・広島大学・室蘭工業大学・茨城大学・金沢大学・東北大学の一部となって、商業教員養成課程・工業教員養成課程が設置された。
• With educational system reform, these schools became a part of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kumamoto University, Hiroshima University, Muroran Institute of Technology, Ibaraki University, Kanazawa University, and Tohoku University, respectively, and commercial teacher training and industrial teacher training programs were set up.

• 「第三次産業」すなわちサービス産業が成長している一方、「第二次産業」（工業）が低迷し、そして「第一次産業」（農業）はほとんど姿を消そうとしているのは偶然ではないのだ。
• It is no accident that the 'tertiary sector,' the service sector, is growing while the 'secondary sector' (industry) stagnates and the 'primary sector' (agriculture) nearly disappears.

• 前条の入力は、日本工業規格Ｘ〇二〇一及びＸ〇二〇八に規定する図形文字並びに日本工業規格Ｘ〇二一一に規定する制御文字のうち「復帰」及び「改行」を用いてしなければならない。
• The inputting under the preceding Article shall use 'carriage return' and 'line feed' among the graphic characters prescribed in the Japanese Industrial Standards X0201 and X0208 and control characters prescribed under the Japanese Industrial Standard X0211.

• 調査会は、この法律によりその権限に属させられた事項を調査審議するほか、工業標準化の促進に関し、関係各大臣の諮問に応じて答申し、又は関係各大臣に対し建議することができる。
• The Committee may investigate and deliberate on the matters that come under its authority pursuant to this Act, and in connection with the promotion of Industrial Standardization, may report in response to consultations from relevant ministers or make proposals to relevant ministers.

• 主務大臣は、公聴会において明らかにされた事実を検討し、工業標準の改正を必要と認めるときは、工業標準を調査会に附議し、その改正について適切な審議を行わせなければならない。
• The competent minister shall investigate facts made clear at such public hearings and if he/she deems it necessary to amend the relevant Industrial Standard, he/she shall submit the matter to the Committee to have the amendment appropriately deliberated thereof.

• 何人も、第一項又は第二項に規定する場合を除くほか、その取り扱う鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に第一項の表示を付し、又はこれと紛らわしい表示を付してはならない。
• Except for the cases as prescribed in Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2, no person shall affix the label of Paragraph 1 or a confusingly similar label to any mineral or industrial product it handles or its package, container or invoice.

• 但し、「平均被引用数」では上位3位を振興機構・理研・自然科学研究機構で占める上に、東京工業大学や東京医科歯科大学など非帝大系が健闘するなど帝大優位とは必ずしも言い難い。
• The top three regarding the 'average number of quotations' are Japan Science and Technology Agency, RIKEN, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, followed by universities, such as Tokyo Institute of Technology and Tokyo Medical and Dental University, other than Imperial Universities, thus Imperial Universities did not have precedence.

• 前条の入力は、工業標準化法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十五号）に基づく日本工業規格（以下「日本工業規格」という。）Ｘ〇二〇八附属書一で規定する方式に従つてしなければならない。
• The inputting under the preceding Article shall follow the form prescribed in the Japanese Industrial Standards (hereinafter referred to as 'Japanese Industrial Standards') Annex 1 X0208 based on the Industrial Standardization Act (Act No. 185 of 1949).

• 流れを汲む大学弓道部は、早稲田大学、法政大学、筑波大学、東京工業大学、お茶の水女子大学、関西大学、岡山大学、京都大学、大阪市立大学、大阪産業大学、東北学院大学工学部など。
• University archery clubs related to archery schools include Waseda University, Hosei University, Tsukuba University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ochanomizu University, Kansai University, Okayama University, Kyoto University, Osaka City University, Osaka Sangyo University, Department of Engineering at Tohoku Gakuin University, etc.

• 東京高等工業学校卒業後は、京都市立陶芸試験場に入所し、東京高等工業学校の後輩でもある濱田庄司とともに1万種以上の釉薬の研究や、中国陶磁など過去の陶磁の模倣や研究も行った。
• Kanjiro joined the Kyoto Ceramic Research Center (京都市立陶芸試験場) after graduating from Tokyo Higher Technical School, and along with Shoji HAMADA, his junior at the school, he studied more than 10,000 types of glazes, reproduced and studied ceramics from the past, such as Chinese ceramics.

• 事業者は、鋼管足場に使用する附属金具については、日本工業規格Ａ八九五一（鋼管足場）に定める附属金具の規格又は次に定めるところに適合するものでなければ、使用してはならない。
• The employer shall, as regards the fittings used for steel pipe scaffoldings, not use unless they conform to the standards of fittings of the Japanese Industrial Standard A 8951 (Steel Pipe Scaffoldings) or conform to the following provisions:

• 墨汁には天然由来の煤ではなく工業的に作られたカーボンブラック（炭素）を使っているものがある（このカーボンは、複写機などで使われるトナーとほとんど同じ成分である場合もある）。
• There are some bokuju that use industrially produced carbon black (carbon) (in some cases, this carbon has almost the same constituents as toners used in copy machines) when compared to naturally derived soot.

• 市内北西部には、旧大和団地（現大和ハウス工業）が開発したニュータウンである「南大和ネオポリス」（町名は田園）、「なつみ台ヴェルデステージ」（町名はなつみ台）が広がっている。
• South Daiwa Neo-police' (a town name is Denen) and 'Natsumi-dai Velde Stage' (a town name is Natsumi-dai), new towns developed by the former Daiwa Danchi Co., Ltd. (currently Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd.) spread in the northwestern part of the city.

• この他、呉国（宋 (南朝)）から手工業者・漢織（あやはとり）・呉織（くれはとり）らを招き、また、分散していた秦民（秦氏の民）の統率を強化して、養蚕業を奨励したことも知られる。
• Emperor Yuryaku is also known for having promoted the sericultural industry by inviting handicraftsmen such as Ayahatori and Kurehartori from Wu (Sung (Southern Dynasty)) and by gathering and controlling scattered people of the Hata clan.

• 住友元夫の長男住友芳夫（住友金属工業）も、阪大大学院基礎工学研究科博士課程卒業の工学博士であるが、伯父の当主住友吉左衛門に嫡男がいないため、当主吉左衛門の養嗣子となっている。
• Moto SUMITOMO's eldest son, Yoshio SUMITOMO, is also a doctor of engineering, having graduated from the Osaka University graduate school's doctoral course in basic engineering; however, since his uncle, family head Kichizaemon SUMITOMO, had no legitimate son to be an heir, Yoshio was adopted by the family head Kichizaemon.

• 機構は、第一項の規定により鉱工業承継勘定を廃止した場合において同勘定に残余財産があるときは、政令で定めるところにより、当該残余財産の額に相当する金額を国庫に納付するものとする。
• When NEDO has eliminated the account for functions related to mining and industry succession pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) and any residual assets still remain in said account, it shall pay the amount equivalent to those residual assets to the national treasury, as specified by Cabinet Order.

• 現代では農家や手工業者のように、伝統的に土間で行われていた作業を家内産業として営む者は、庭など屋外の別空間を簡易的な屋根で覆うことにより、その役割を代替する事が多くなっている。
• Today, people who traditionally did their work in the doma of their own house, such as farmers and craftsmen, have increasingly come to replace the role of doma with a separate outdoor space, such as the yard, covered with a simple roof.

• 1896年7月、開化派の流れを汲む人たちが朝鮮の自主独立、法治主義の確立、新教育の振興、農業の改良、工業の育成、愛国心、君主への忠誠心の培養を訴え李完用らが独立協会を設立した。
• In July 1896, the people following Kaika group called for the independence of Korea, establishment of legalism, promotion of new education, improvement of agriculture, encouragement of industry and raising of patriotism and loyalty to monarch, and Lee, Wan-yong and others founded the Independence Club.

• 1933年（昭和8年、53歳）、自動車工業株式会社（現在のいすゞ自動車）よりダットサンの製造権を無償で譲り受け、同年12月ダットサンの製造のために自動車製造株式会社を設立する。
• In 1933 (at the age of 53), he took over the production rights for the Datsun from Automobile Industries Company (present Isuzu Mortors) for free, and in December, 1933, he founded Jidosha Seizo Company for the production of Datsun.

• 認証をした鉱工業品又はその加工技術及び当該認証に係る製造業者、輸入業者、販売業者若しくは加工業者又は外国においてその事業を行う製造業者、輸出業者若しくは加工業者の公表に関する事項
• Matters related to the public announcement of the mineral or industrial products or their processing technologies which have been certified and matters related to the manufacturers, importers, distributors or processors pertaining to such certification, or manufacturers, exporters or processors carrying on its business in foreign countries that relate to the Certification

• 信太郎のものとなった一澤帆布工業は、2006年3月6日以降は営業を休止していたが、新たに本社近くに職人を10人、四国にある別法人の工場で18人（外注）の計28人の職人を確保した。
• Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. owned by Shintaro had suspended its business since March 6, 2006, but it newly employed 10 craftsmen for the factory near the head office and 18 for the factory of a separate entity in Shikoku region (contracting out) to secure 28 craftsmen in total.

• いっぽう、庶民の社会的地位が高まり、商工業の発展にともなって町衆や農民が文化の担い手として登場したことから、文化の面でも幅広い交流がすすみ、庶民性や地方的特色がいっそう強まった。
• Meanwhile, as the social status of the common people rose with the development of commerce and industry, the merchant class and peasants emerged as supporters of culture; the broad cultural interaction was encouraged, and local or plebeian characteristics of culture were enhanced.

• 平安時代以降、平安京の都市生活者向けの商工業が発達し、特に国内流通が活発化した江戸時代には、全国に製品を出荷する工業都市となる一方、数々の技術者を各地の藩の要請に従って派遣した。
• Beginning in the Heian period, commerce and industry for urban dwellers in Heian-kyo developed; particularly in the Edo period when domestic distribution became prevalent, Kyoto City became an industrial city, shipping goods nationwide and providing technicians to local clans upon request.

• 前各号の規定により組合がその株式、持分、新株予約権、新株予約権付社債等、金銭債権、工業所有権、著作権又は信託の受益権を保有している特定中小企業等に対して経営又は技術の指導を行う事業
• Provision of management-related advice or technical guidance to a Specified SME, Etc. in which the Partnership owns shares, equity interest, share options, Bond with Share Options, Etc., monetary claims, industrial property, copyrights or trust beneficial rights pursuant to any of the preceding clauses;

• 大江山鉱山から採掘されたニッケル鉱石はトラックと貨車輸送で石川県七尾市にあった七尾セメント（株）へ送られ、そこでセメント製造用のロータリーキルンで製錬のための工業試験を繰り返した。
• Nickel ore taken from Oeyama Mine was transported by truck or freight car to Nanao Cement in Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture where the industrial test for smelting was carried out repeatedly with the rotary kiln for manufacture of cement.

• また江戸時代には、鎌倉時代から続く商工業が飛躍的に発達し、犬上・愛知・神崎・蒲生・高島の各郡、特に八幡 (近江八幡市)・日野町 (滋賀県)・五個荘町などから近江商人を多く輩出した。
• In the Edo period, trade and manufacture, which started in the Kamakura period, markedly developed and such counties as Inukami, Echi, Kanzaki, Gamo, and Takashima, especially Hachiman (Omihachiman City), Hino-cho (Shiga Prefecture) and Gokasho-cho produced a lot of Omi merchants.

• また、左記はあくまで単年の排出量で比較した話であり、累積排出量で比べればその差は歴然としているため、その事にも配慮してEUなどの工業先進国は率先して京都議定書を締結したものである。
• And the above descriptions comes from the comparison in a single year emission amount and if compared in accumulated emission amounts, the difference will be obviously bigger; therefore, industrially developed countries such as EU and the like took the lead in ratification of the Kyoto Protocol.

• 芸娼妓解放令は直接的に機能したとは言い難い状態であったが、同令がきっかけとなり、貧農の娘の身売りを防ぐために、女性に対して教育や軽工業に対応する技能習得の場が設けられた地方もある。
• The Geishogi Kaiho Rei wasn't very effective in changing the situation directly; however, as its by-product, in some regions, opportunities for women to study and to achieve vocational skills for light industry were created with the intent of preventing poor peasants from selling their daughters into prostitution.

• 機構は、前三項に規定する業務（以下「鉱工業承継業務」という。）に係る経理については、その他の経理と区分し、特別の勘定（以下「鉱工業承継勘定」という。）を設けて整理しなければならない。
• NEDO shall separate its accounting for the functions prescribed in the preceding three paragraphs (hereinafter referred to as ' functions related to mining and industry succession') from its other accounting, and prepare a special account (hereinafter referred to as the 'account for functions related to mining and industry succession') for orderly disposition.

• また様々な竹と木材を張り合わせた積層弓は、日本の軽工業に欠かせない、ゼラチン（にかわ）の発展にも寄与し「にべ」（「にべもない」という語源になっている）と言う特殊な接着剤も生み出した。
• In addition, a laminated bow made by bonding various types of bamboo and wood together, has contributed the development of gelatin (glue) which is important for light industry in Japan, and has created a special bond called 'nibe' (drumfish, the origin of the word 'nibemonai' (flat refusal)).

• 1997年には、物見を中心にして数本の面金（横金）を省略し、その部分を透明なポリカーボネート樹脂板で覆った構造の面（商品名：武楯面（むじゅんめん））が長谷川化学工業から商品化された。
• In 1997, a new-type of Men of which several mengame (yokogane) nearby monomi are removed and the part is covered with a transparent polycarbonate resin board (product name: Mujumen) was commercially manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

• 給田（きゅうでん）・給畠（きゅうはく）・給田畠（きゅうでんぱく）は、日本の中世において、荘園領主や国衙が、荘官、地頭、年貢運輸者・手工業者などに対して給与した田地または田畠地をいう。
• Kyuden, Kyuhaku and Kyudenpaku were rice paddies and fields that were granted to shokan (an officer governing shoen manor), jito (estate steward), nengu (land tax) couriers and handicraftsmen by shoen holders and the Kokuga (provincial government offices) during the middle ages in Japan.

• 大正時代に入り、名古屋高等工業専門学校や京都帝国大学出身の所員が入所するようになって以降、ルネッサンススタイルなど古典系の堅実な造形が多くなる（例 内田汽船本社、旧三十八銀行本店）。
• In the Taisho era, since the graduates from Nagoya Advanced Technical College and Kyoto Imperial University began to enter his company, he began to produce more works of classical and stable designs like the Renaissance style(for example, the headquarters of Uchida Kisen and the head office of the former Thirty-Eighth Bank).

• 75C号経路の沿線の工場には日本ルナ（上津屋）や恩地食品（岩田南）、大日本印刷（池嶋）、明治乳業京都工場/住江工業（バス部品メーカー。以上中島橋）等と言った著名なものも立地している。
• The surrounding area of the Route No. 75C has some of major construction such as 'Nihon Luna,' (Kozuya) 'Onchi Foods,' (Iwata Minami) 'Dai-Nippon Printing,' (Ikejima) 'Meiji Dairy Foods Kyoto Factory,' 'Sumie Industrial' (a vehicle parts manufacture of buses. There is a bus stop named 'Nakajimabashi')

• 2006年(平成18年)3月21日：市場車庫と市場車庫内にあった舞鶴営業所、京田事務所、愛宕車両整備工場を廃止し、本社機能と舞鶴営業所、車両整備工場、車庫を喜多工業団地内に移転竣工。
• March 21, 2006: It closed the Ichiba bus shed, the Kyoda office and the Atago maintenance plant, moved the Maizuru office (the practical head office) from the Ichiba bus shed to Kita Industrial Estate, and opened a new maintenance plant and a bus shed on Kita Industrial Estate.

• 彼がより猛烈に働いて、出来高を増やした結果として、工業単価が2,3回下げられると、以後は決して雇い主側に立って考えられなくなり、単価の切下げを防ぐには怠業によるほかはないと決心する。
• after a workman has had the price per piece of the work he is doing lowered two or three times as a result of his having worked harder and increased his output, he is likely entirely to lose sight of his employer's side of the case and become imbued with a grim determination to have no more cuts if soldiering can prevent it.

• 工業標準化法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十五号）に基づく日本工業規格（以下単に「日本工業規格」という。）Ｃ〇九三〇号（電気機器の防爆構造総則）で定める防爆構造のもの（塗装用のものを除く。）
• Explosion-proof robots or end effectors as specified by Japan Industrial Standard C0930 (general provisions of explosion-proof structure of electrical apparatus) based on the Industrial Standardization Act (Act No. 185 of 1949) (hereinafter referred to as 'Japan Industrial Standard') (excluding those used for painting)

• フランスの物理学者Lydéric Bocquetらや、永弘進一郎（現・宮城工業高等専門学校）らの研究によると、石が最も良く跳ねるには、石と水面との角度は20ºが最適であるとされている。
• According to the research by French physicist Lydéric Bocquet, Shinichiro NAGAHIRO (presently at Sendai National College of Technology) and so on, for the best bounce of the stone, the optimum angle between the stone and the water surface is 20 degrees.

• 産業革命を迎えた西ヨーロッパ各国は、大量生産された工業品の輸出拡大の必要性から、インドを中心に東南アジアと中国大陸の清への市場拡大に急いでいたが、後にそれは熾烈な植民地獲得競争となる。
• With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, countries in Western Europe sought the expansion of their markets to Southeast Asia, mainly India and Qing Dynasty China, for the export of mass-produced goods--later, these activities evolved into a fierce competition for acquiring colonies.

• 1951年4月： 旧京都工専 機械科・第二部機械科・電気科・化学工業科を母体に、京都工芸繊維大学工業短期大学部が設置された （創立時の学科： 機械電気科・化学工業科。3年制夜間課程）。
• April, 1951: Kyoto Institute of Technology, Industry Junior College Department was instituted from a parent organization of the Departments of Machinery, Second Machinery, Electricity, Chemical Industry in the Kyoto Special School of Technology under the old system as a parent organization (Departments at the time of establishment: Machinery Electric, and Chemical Industry department, three year night course).

• 中世以降、工業・商業が盛んになってくると、稲荷神は農業神から工業神・商業神・屋敷神など福徳開運の万能の神ともされるようになり、農村だけでなく町家や武家にも盛んに勧請されるようになった。
• During the middle ages, when commerce and industry became more prosperous, the god Inari, who had initially been the agriculture god, became the god of all the mighty, merging the gods of commerce, industry, and residence, and was believed to bring happiness and fortunes to people; new Inari-jinja Shrines were built one after another by transferring the god Inari from a Inari-jinja Shrine not only in farming villages but also in the communities of traders and samurai.

• 前各号の規定により組合がその株式、持分、新株予約権、新株予約権付社債等、指定有価証券、金銭債権、工業所有権、著作権又は信託の受益権を保有している事業者に対して経営又は技術の指導を行う事業
• Provision of management-related advice or technical guidance to an Enterprise of which the Partnership owns shares, equity interest, Share Options, Bond with Share Options, Etc., Designated Securities, monetary claims, industrial property, copyrights or trust beneficial rights pursuant to any of the preceding items;

• 現在では、工業化され塩化マグネシウムの純度の高いものや、海外の岩塩採掘場で採取されたもの、あるいは国内外の工業的な製塩の過程で抽出されたものが多く、実際に塩田から取っているものは少ない。
• Currently, the bittern--which contains fine magnesium chloride due to the industrial process, is obtained at rock-salt mining places overseas or is abstracted in the process of industrial salt production in and outside Japan--is used in most cases, and it's rare to use bittern that's actually abstracted from a salt field.

• 2005年度も例年通りブルーリボンシティ・ワンステップとエルガLVがそれぞれ1台と2台導入されたほか、2003年度に引き続きUAワンステップが西日本車体工業製のボディにて3台導入された。
• In fiscal year 2005, a Blue Ribbon City one-step and two ERGA LV vehicles were introduced as usual, and additionally three UA one-step models using bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo were introduced at one-year intervals since fiscal 2003.

• 「人種のるつぼ」オハイオ州クリーブランドの郷土料理は、そこで暮らすさまざまな民族グループを反映しています。この工業都市は東ヨーロッパの影響を強く受けており、幅広いスラブ料理を楽しめます。
• Cleveland, Ohio is considered a melting pot industrial city, and its local cuisine reflects the various ethnic groups residing there. There is a strong Eastern European presence in Cleveland that has led to a wide selection of Slavic cuisine in the city.

• 学校教育法に基づく短期大学又は高等専門学校において工業化学若しくは生物学の課程又はこれらに相当する課程を修めて卒業した後、三年以上分子生物学的検査の業務に従事した経験を有する者であること。
• Persons who have graduated from a junior college or vocational high school based on the School Education Act by completing a course in industrial chemistry or biology, or a course equivalent to these, and have experience of engaging in the work of molecular biological testing for three years or more.

• 倉谷工業団地に進出したケンコーマヨネーズ西日本工場への補助金など企業誘致に2億7,750万円、病院事業会計に30億4,606万円、次期埋立処理場整備事業に4億6,243万円などを計上した。
• \277,500,000 was allocated to aid enterprise invitation activities including those for the West Japan plant of Kenko Mayonnaise Co., Ltd constructed in Kuratani Industrial Park, while \3,046,060,000 was allocated for the municipal hospital operations account, as well as \462,430,000 for the new landfill project.

• その後台湾各地に中学校が設立されるようになると、総督府は技術人材の育成を目的とした職業教育の充実を目標とし、1922年の台湾教育令改正の差異に、職業学校として農業、工業、商業学校を定めた。
• After elementary schools were established at various places in Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu set the target to make more fulfilling vocational education to produce technical experts, and the amended Act of Taiwanese Education in 1922 stipulated agricultural, industrial, and commercial schools as vocational schools.

• 推進薬の制御装置に使用できるポンプ用に設計されたラジアル玉軸受であって、日本工業規格Ｂ一五一四号（転がり軸受の精度）で定める精度が二級以上のもののうち、次のイからハまでのすべてに該当するもの
• through (c)

• また、理研コンツェルンは理化学研究所の活動資金調達のために成立したユニークなコンツェルンであり、同族支配が行なわれず、「農村工業化」などを打ち出して新潟県柏崎市などで地方の工業化につとめた。
• The RIKEN conglomerate, however, was a unique Konzern established in order to procure capital for the activities of RIKEN (a major natural-science research institute in Japan); it was not managed by members of a single family but instead worked out a policy of 'industrialization of rural areas' and strived for that purpose in rural areas such as that of Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture.

• 事業者は、鋼管足場に使用する鋼管については、日本工業規格Ａ八九五一（鋼管足場）に定める鋼管の規格（以下「鋼管規格」という。）又は次に定めるところに適合するものでなければ、使用してはならない。
• The employer shall, as regards the steel pipes used for steel pipe scaffolding, not use unless they conform to the standards of steel pipes of the Japanese Industrial Standard A 895l, (Steel Pipe Scaffoldings) (hereinafter referred to as the "steel pipe standards"), or conform to the following provisions:

• 職員は、商業、工業又は金融業その他営利を目的とする私企業（以下営利企業という。）を営むことを目的とする会社その他の団体の役員、顧問若しくは評議員の職を兼ね、又は自ら営利企業を営んではならない。
• No official shall concurrently hold the position of an officer, advisor or councillor in a company or any other organization established for the purpose of operating a commercial, industrial, financial or other for-profit private enterprise (hereinafter referred to as 'profit-making enterprise'), nor shall he/she operate, on his/her own account, any profit-making enterprise.

• 鉱工業品の輸入業者又は販売業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その輸入し、若しくは販売する当該認証に係る鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に、前項の表示を付することができる。
• An importer or distributor of mineral or industrial product may, having obtained the certification of a person accredited by the competent minister, affix to the mineral or industrial product imported or sold pertaining to said certification or its package, container or invoice, the label of the preceding paragraph.

• 西南戦争以後の財政難と地租改正に対する農民の抵抗に悩まされた明治政府は、当時の日本の工業で最も生産額が多く、かつほとんどが国内消費に回されていて関税の問題も薄い日本酒に対する増税を度々行った。
• The Meiji Government, suffering from economic difficulties that had lingered since the Seinan War as well as peasants' resistance against the land-tax reform, raised tax on sake repeatedly because the sake brewing industry generated higher production value than any other industries in Japan at that time and sake is almost free from problems concerning customs duty as most of it was consumed within the country.

• 留学の経験から欧米と日本の技術力差を感じた東久邇宮は、遅れをとっていたアジアの技術力の向上を目指して興亜工業大学（1942年（昭和17年）設置、のち千葉工業大学）等の教育機関の創設に携わった。
• HIGASHIKUNINOMIYA who knew of the technological gap between Western countries and Japan from his experience of studying abroad participated in establishment of educational institutions such as the Koa Kogyo Daigaku (Established in 1942 and which later became the Chiba Institute of Technology) which aimed at improving technology in Asia.

• 前項第四号に該当することにより食品衛生管理者たる資格を有する者は、衛生管理の業務に三年以上従事した製造業又は加工業と同種の製造業又は加工業の施設においてのみ、食品衛生管理者となることができる。
• A person who possesses the qualifications of a food sanitation supervisor due to falling under item (iv) of the preceding paragraph may become a food sanitation supervisor only at a facility of the same type of production or processing business as the one where he/she has been engaged in food management work for three years or more.

• 第三条のフレキシブルディスクへの記録は、日本工業規格Ｘ〇二〇一及びＸ〇二〇八に規定する図形文字並びに日本工業規格Ｘ〇二一一に規定する制御文字のうち「復帰」及び「改行」を用いてしなければならない。
• Recording onto a flexible disk as prescribed in Article 3 shall be carried out by using those graphic characters specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X0201 and X0208 and the 'carriage return (CR)' and the 'line feed (LF)' from among those control characters specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X0211.

• 1898年に第2次松方内閣がこの構想を打ち出すと、政府と民党、あるいは地主・農村と商工業者の間で激しい議論を巻き起こすようになり、政党と藩閥の連携などの政界の構図を激変させる原因の1つとなった。
• When the Second Matsukata's cabinet proposed this policy in 1898, heated arguments erupted between the government and Minto or landowners and peasants against commercial and industrial men, which caused a radical change in the composition of the political world such as the cooperative relationships between political parties and domain cliques.

• 工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）又は著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供
• The provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use such rights) or copyrights (including publication rights, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights)

• 2003年度は昨年度に引き続きUAワンステップが導入されたが、上記にもある通り、富士重工がバス車体製造を終了したため、1974年3月廃車分から実に30年ぶりの西日本車体工業製のボディが導入された。
• In fiscal year 2003, UA one-step buses were introduced for two consecutive years, using bodies manufactured by Nishinippon Shatai Kogyo for the first time in 30 years since the last bus was discarded in March 1974 because, as mentioned above, Fuji Heavy Industries had ceased the manufacture of bus bodies.

• 外国においてその事業を行う鉱工業品の製造業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その製造する当該認証に係る鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に第十九条第一項の表示を付することができる。
• Subject to a certification by a person accredited by the competent minister, a manufacturer of a mineral or industrial product carrying on business in a foreign country may affix the label in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 19 on the mineral or industrial product it manufactures pertaining to said certification, or its package, container or invoice.

• 外国においてその事業を行う鉱工業品の輸出業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その輸出する当該認証に係る鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に第十九条第一項の表示を付することができる。
• Subject to a certification by a person accredited by the competent minister, an exporter of a mineral or industrial product carrying on business in a foreign country may affix the label in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 19 on the mineral or industrial product it exports pertaining to said certification, or its package, container or invoice.

• 中世の経済的利益は座・問丸・株仲間によって独占され既得権化していたが、戦国大名はこれを排除して絶対的な領主権の確立を目指すとともに、税の減免を通して新興商工業者を育成し経済の活性化を図ったのである。
• Economic benefits in Japan during the middle ages were monopolized by za (guilds), toimaru (specialized wholesale merchants) and kabunakama (trade associations) but Sengoku daimyo abolished these and, as well as attempting to establish absolute feudal rights, aimed to stimulate the economy by fostering emerging merchants and tradesmen via the reduction and exemption of taxes.

• 信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会並びに業として預金又は貯金の受入れをすることができる農業協同組合、農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会
• a credit cooperative or federation of credit cooperatives, an agricultural cooperative or federation of agricultural cooperatives, a fishermen's cooperative or federation of fishermen's cooperatives, a marine products and processing cooperative or a federation of marine products and processing cooperatives, which is able to accept deposits or savings as a part of business.

• 民間の能力を活用することによりその効果的な実施を図ることができる鉱工業の技術（原子力に係るものを除く。以下この条において「鉱工業技術」という。）に関する研究開発を行うこと（前号に掲げるものを除く。）。
• Conducting R&D concerning technology in mining and industry (excluding technology related to nuclear power; hereinafter referred to as 'mining and industrial technology' in this Article) that can be carried out effectively using skills from the private sector (excluding the duties listed in the preceding item);

• もっとも、検地における土地の評価は担当者の判断に依拠するところが大きく、街道沿いなどの商工業が盛んな地域の田畠では高く見積もられ、政治的・軍事的要地や僻地では民心掌握のために低く見積もられ事があった。
• Evaluations of land in land surveys depended largely on the judgment of the person in charge, and this sometimes resulted in rice paddies and fields in commercial and industrial business areas being given high estimates and those in important political and military areas as well as remote areas being given low estimates in order to attract support from the public.

• 更に都市部を中心とした商工業者は地租よりも営業税 (日本)などの方が収益に対する税負担の割合が高いにも関わらず、民党が地租軽減ばかりを唱えることに不満を抱き、財政革新会などを通して独自の運動を起こした。
• Furthermore, business and industrial men around urban areas were frustrated by assertions of Minto calling only for the reduction in the land tax despite the fact that the fraction of business tax (Japan) on profits was higher than that for land tax, and established their own movement through Zaiseikakushin kai (conference on reform of financial affairs) and others.

• フレキシブルディスクカートリッジ（日本工業規格Ｘ六二二三に適合する幅九十ミリメートルのものに限る。次条において同じ。）に複写したものの交付　一枚につき八十円に〇・五メガバイトまでごとに二百六十円を加えた額
• Delivery by way of copying information onto a floppy disk (limited to a floppy disk with a width of 90 millimeters, conforming to JIS X6223; the same shall apply in the following Article):　80 yen per disk plus 260 yen each for every 0.5 MB

• 第二条各号に掲げる鉱工業品、鉱工業の技術又は建築物その他の構築物に係る工業標準に関する事項のうち、鉱工業品の安全度その他の労働災害の防止に関するものであつて政令で定めるものについては、厚生労働大臣とする。
• The competent minister shall be the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, with regard to the matters that relate to degree of safety and matters related to prevention of industrial accident and specified in a Cabinet Order among matters pertaining to the mineral or industrial products, industrial technologies or buildings and other structures listed in each of the items of Article 2.

• こうした考え方は商工業が盛んになって民事的な訴訟が増加した幕藩体制になっても基本的には変わらず、その司法制度は専ら刑事裁判の遂行のためのものであり、民衆が自己の権利として裁判を請求することは出来なかった。
• Such an idea did not change basically even in the shogunate system when civil suits increased due to activated trade and craft, and the judiciary system was entirely for performances of criminal trials, so that the people could not ask for trials as their own rights.

• 明治11年（1878年）築地造船所、明治13年（1880年）兵庫川崎造船所を開業、明治19年（1886年）には官営兵庫造船所の払い下げを受けて、明治20年（1887年）川崎造船所（現・川崎重工業）を設立。
• He established Tsukiji Shipyard in 1878, Hyogo Kawasaki Dockyard in 1880, and Kawasaki Dockyard (now known as Kawasaki Heavy Industries) in 1887, after the disposal of the government-operated Hyogo Dockyard 1886.

• その間も研究を重ねて、明治31年（1898年）には、代表作となる『日本商業史』・『日本工業史』を相次いで刊行、明治35年（1902年）には、両書によって文学博士を授与されて、歴史学者としての地位を築いた。
• In the meantime, he continued his studies and published his best-known works—first 'Nihon Shogyoshi' (History of Japanese commerce) and then 'Nihon Kogyoshi' (History of Japanese industry)—in 1898; in recognition of these works, he was awarded the title of Doctor of Literature in 1902, which helped establish his position as a historian.

• トラックフォーマットについては、前条第一号のフレキシブルディスクに記録する場合にあっては日本工業規格Ｘ六二二二に、同条第二号のフレキシブルディスクに記録する場合にあっては日本工業規格Ｘ六二二五に規定する方式
• for a track format, the method specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X6222 when recording onto a flexible disk as prescribed in item (i) of the preceding Article, or the method specified in Japanese Industrial Standards X6225 when recording onto a flexible disk as prescribed in item (ii) of the same Article;

• この法律において「事業者」とは、商業、工業、金融業その他の事業を行う者をいう。事業者の利益のためにする行為を行う役員、従業員、代理人その他の者は、次項又は第三章の規定の適用については、これを事業者とみなす。
• The term 'entrepreneur' as used in this Act means a person, who operates a commercial, industrial, financial or any other business. Any officer, employee, agent, or any other person who acts for the benefit of any entrepreneur shall be deemed to be an entrepreneur with regard to the application of the provisions of the following paragraph and of Chapter III.

• 事業協同組合の組合員たる資格を有する者は、組合の地区内において商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他の事業を行う前条第一項若しくは第二項に規定する小規模の事業者又は事業協同小組合で定款で定めるものとする。
• A person who is qualified to be a member of a business cooperative shall be a small-scale entrepreneur or a minor business cooperative provided in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article who is engaged in a commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or any other business within the district of the cooperative and who is provided by the articles of association.

• 外国においてその事業を行う加工業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その者が当該認証に係る加工技術による加工をした鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に第二十条第一項の表示を付することができる。
• Subject to a certification by a person accredited by the competent minister, a processor carrying on business in a foreign country may affix the label in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Article 20 on the mineral or industrial product it processes using its processing technology pertaining to said certification, or its package, container or invoice.

• 後に日産自動車と企業合併したプリンス自動車工業が開発・製造した名車として知られ、イギリスのエリザベス2世を始め各国の要人を乗せ、昭和天皇の大喪の礼・今上天皇の即位式などで使用され、戦後の重要な役割を果たした。
• It is known as a great car which was developed and manufactured by Prince Motor Corporation merged with Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. later, it played a significant postwar role, for example, it was used for transportation of foreign dignitaries like Elizabeth Ⅱ of England, the Rites of an Imperial Funeral for Emperor Showa and the enthronement ceremony of the present Emperor.

• 後装式(元込め)のスナイドル銃をいち早く導入し、集成館事業の蓄積で近代工業基盤を有していた薩摩藩は、イギリスから設備を輸入して明治5年の陸軍省創設以前からスナイドル弾薬の国産化に成功していた唯一の地域だった。
• The Satsuma Domain was armed with breech-loading Snider rifles before others; based on the modern industrial base that had been built up through the industries at Shuseikan, the domain was the only region in Japan to succeed in domestic production of ammunition for Snider rifles by importing facilities from England before the Army Ministry was established in 1872.

• 市場に送り出す工業製品として酒を生産する大手メーカーでは、杜氏を良くも悪くも製造技師としかとらえていないので、じっさいそのように呼んだり、製造部長もしくはチーフ・ブレンダーという肩書きを与えているところもある。
• Since major sake manufacturers who produce sake as industrial goods for the consumer market regard a toji person as just a production engineer in a good way or a bad way, they actually call him or her a toji production engineer, or some companies give other titles such as the general manager or the chief blender to toji people.

• 第一次世界大戦の影響による好景気（大戦景気）は都市部の人口増加、工業労働者の増加をもたらしたほか、養蚕業などによる収入の増加があった農家は、これまでのムギやヒエといった食生活から米を食べる生活に変化していった。
• The booming economy affected by the First World War (War economy) caused not only population growth of urban areas and an increase of industrial laborers but also a change of a diet that farmers whose income was increased by sericultural industry and so on started to eat rice, not barley or barnyard millet that they had used to have.

• 文化および工業都市･京は平安京以来の都であり、応仁の乱によって大打撃を受けたものの、依然として朝廷や仏教の有力宗派のうちのいくつかの本山などが設置され、学術・芸術・宗教の面では当時の日本を代表する都市であった。
• Kyoto, currently known as the cultural and industrial center, had been the national capital since the period of Heian-kyo with the Imperial Court and the headquarters of a numerous leading Buddhist sects, despite the serious setbacks suffered in the Onin War, and it was the city representing Japan as the center of the academic activities, arts and religion at that time,

• 接受機構はイーター建設地の最大人口1000人に対応できる衛生排出物処理施設を提供する。また接受機構は一日平均200 m3の工業廃水処理施設を提供する。3000人の建設作業員に対する排水設備は接受機構が提供する。
• The Host Organization shall provide sanitary waste capacity for a peak ITER site population of 1000. The Host Organization shall also provide industrial sewage capacity for an average of 200 m3/day. Effluent provisions for a construction workforce of up to 3000 people will be provided by the Host Organization.

• 玉軸受又はころ軸受（円すいころ軸受を除く。）であって、日本工業規格Ｂ一五一四号（転がり軸受の精度）で定める精度が四級以上のもののうち、内外輪及び国際規格ＩＳＯ五五九三で定める転動体がモネル製又はベリリウム製のもの
• Among ball bearings or bearings (excluding tapered roller bearings) with a precision grade 4 or more as specified by Japanese Industrial Standards B 1514 (precision of roller bearings), those with inner and outer rings and rolling elements specified by International Standard ISO 5593 that are made of monel or beryllium

• 越後製菓株式会社、佐藤食品工業 (新潟県)株式会社、株式会社きむら食品、東京もち株式会社、伊達本舗、株式会社赤福餅、御福餅、株式会社ハタダ、伸光製菓株式会社、城北麺工株式会社 などの会社により製造出荷されている。
• Mochi is manufactured and shipped from companies such as Echigo Seika Co., Ltd., Sato Food Industry (Niigata Prefecture) Co., Ltd., Kimura Food Co., Ltd, Tokyo Mochi Co., Ltd., Date Hompo Co., Ltd., Akafuku-mochi Co., Ltd., Gofuku-mochi, Hatada Co., Ltd., Nobumitsu Seika Co., Ltd., and Johoku Noodle Co., Ltd.

• 理由として、食品衛生法で定められた高温・高圧での殺菌を行う（ただし、特性上完全な殺滅は困難。詳細は缶コーヒーの成分の節参照）ため、スチール缶が強度的な面から多用される状況、と全国清涼飲料工業会は見解を示している。
• As the Japan Soft Drink Association explains, sterilization should be conducted under the high temperature and humidity conditions required by the Food Sanitation Act (perfect sterilization is difficult, however; for details, refer to the section on ingredients for canned coffee) so, due to their strength, steel cans are used in large quantities.

• 大隈の政策は廃藩置県・地租改正・秩禄処分を通じて明治政府の財政基盤を安定させ、近代的な商工業育成（殖産興業）のために官営工場を建設するとともに、国立銀行_(明治)を通じて政府資金を導入して民間事業者の育成に努めた。
• Okuma's policies were to stabilize the Meiji Government's financial base by Haihan-chiken, land-tax reform and Chitsuroku-shobun (Abolition Measure of Hereditary Stipend), to promote a modern trade and craft industry (encouragement of new industry) by building government-owned factories, and to develop private entrepreneurs by injecting government funds through National Bank (Meiji).

• 国は、ものづくり基盤技術の水準の向上を図るため、ものづくり基盤技術に関する研究開発の実施及びその成果の普及、技術の指導、技術者の研修、特許権その他の工業所有権に関する指導及び情報の提供等必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• In order to improve the level of core manufacturing technology, the State shall take any necessary measures such as the implementation of research and development concerning core manufacturing technology and dissemination of the results thereof, guidance on technology, training for engineers, and guidance and provision of information on patent rights and other industrial property rights.

• 第二条第一号から第五号までに掲げる鉱工業品又は鉱工業の技術に係る工業標準（第三号に掲げるものを除く。）に関する事項については、政令で定めるところにより、厚生労働大臣、農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣又は国土交通大臣とする。
• The competent minister shall be the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, or Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, with regard to the matters related to the Industrial Standards for the mineral or industrial products or industrial technologies listed in Item 1 through Item 5 of Article 2 (except for those specified in Item 3).

• 国は、水産加工業及び水産流通業の健全な発展を図るため、事業活動に伴う環境への負荷の低減及び資源の有効利用の確保に配慮しつつ、事業基盤の強化、漁業との連携の推進、水産物の流通の合理化その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as enhancement of business base, promotion of coordination with fisheries and rationalization of marine products marketing for the sound development of fishery processing industry and fishery marketing with consideration to the reduction of adverse effects to environment caused by the business operation and maintenance of effective utilization of resources.

• 本田技研工業が開発した可変バルブ機構「VTEC」は、焼き鳥を焼いているのを見ていた技術者が、串に打たれた具材が回ったり回らなかったりする（ネギは回るのに肉は回らない、など）のを見てその機構を思いついたと言われている。
• A rumor has it that the idea of 'VTEC,' a variable valve mechanism developed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd., hit the engineer when the engineer was looking at yakitori being grilled and observed that some skewered ingredients rotated and others did not (e.g., green onion pieces turned but meat did not).

• これは時代が下るにつれて消費者の嗜好が変化し、より低塩分な漬物を求めるようになったことの帰結でもあるのだが、そのため、近年の食品工業的なたくあんに対しては、主に高齢層から、甘い、食感が悪いなどという意見が見受けられる。
• This is in part as a consequence of changes in consumers taste to prefer low sodium pickles over the years, but on the other hand, there have been some feedback mainly from the older consumers on the takuan-zuke in recent years, which seems to be a product of a food engineering process, that it is sweet and has unpleasant texture.

• 先の襲津彦伝承に見たような対朝鮮外交を通して、葛城地方に定住することになった多くの渡来系集団が、葛城氏の配下で鍛冶生産（武器・武具などの金属器）を始めとする様々な手工業に従事し、葛城氏の経済力の強化に貢献したとみられる。
• Through the diplomacy that Sotsuhiko had with Korea as described above, it is likely that number of immigrant groups that have been settled in the Katsuraki region contributed in stregthening Katsuraki clan's economic power by being engaged in handycrafts such as smithery (arms and weapons) under the control of the Katsuraki clan.

• しかし明治27年に勃発した日清戦争を契機に大阪は「東洋のマンチェスター」と呼ばれる日本最大の商工業都市に発展し、神戸は東洋最大の港湾都市へ飛躍するなど、再び日本における文化・経済の中心地となった（阪神間モダニズムも参照）。
• However, through the Sino-Japanese War which broke out in 1894, Osaka developed into the largest industrial and commercial city in Japan, called the 'Manchester of the East,' while Kobe had rapidly progressed to become the largest port city in the East, causing the cities to once more be the center of culture and economy in Japan (also refer to the Hanshin-kan Modernism).

• 基盤技術研究円滑化法の一部を改正する法律（平成十三年法律第六十号。以下「基盤法改正法」という。）附則第十三条において読み替えて準用する基盤法改正法附則第九条に規定する鉱工業承継勘定（以下「旧鉱工業承継勘定」という。）
• The account for functions related to mining and industry succession as prescribed in Article 9 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for the Partial Revision of the Act on Facilitating Research and Development in Basic Technology (Act No. 60 of 2001; hereinafter referred to as the 'Revision of the Basic Technology Act') as applied mutatis mutandis by replacing certain terms pursuant to Article 13 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Revision of the Basic Technology Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'succeeded former account for mining and industry').

• 製鋼所技術部研究課長、技術部長、同所長友成代理兼研究部長、中央技術研究所副所長を経て、昭和37年11月取締役中央技術研究所長となり、常務を経て、昭和45年11月専務に就任、同47年11月に相談役、住友精密工業会長となった。
• He became the research chief of the Technical Department of Seikosho, the technical manager of Seikousho, the deputy head of Seikousho for Tomonari and a research manager at the same time; subsequently, he was the vice head of Chuo Gijutsu Kenkyusho, Chuo Technical, and then became the Torishimariyaku head of Chuo Gijutsu Kenkyusho, Chuo Technical Laboratory, in November 1962, became Jomu, and then took the position of Senmu in November 1970, Sodanyaku and chairman of Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. in November 1972.

• 設立経緯により東京府を中心とした都市部で活動し、地租軽減は訴えても営業税などの商工業者への課税の軽減には積極的とは言えなかった民党に代わる受け皿としての期待から、同年の第4回衆議院議員総選挙では須藤・田口ら4名が当選した。
• Teikokuzaiseikakushin kai operated in urban areas around Tokyo Prefecture due to its reason for establishment, and its four candidates including SUDO and TAGUCHI were elected in the fourth general election of members of the House of Representatives in 1894 in the hopes of changing from Minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) that was reluctant to reduce business taxes of commercial and industrial men while asserting a reduction in land taxes.

• 営業者が、前項の規定により食品衛生管理者を置かなければならない製造業又は加工業を二以上の施設で行う場合において、その施設が隣接しているときは、食品衛生管理者は、同項の規定にかかわらず、その二以上の施設を通じて一人で足りる。
• In the case where a business person conducts production or processing businesses for which full-time food sanitation supervisors are required under the preceding paragraph at two or more facilities, when those facilities lie next to each other, one food sanitation supervisor shall be sufficient for those two or more facilities, notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• 首都圏の近郊整備地帯及び都市開発区域の整備に関する法律（昭和三十三年法律第九十八号）による工業団地造成事業又は近畿圏の近郊整備区域及び都市開発区域の整備及び開発に関する法律（昭和三十九年法律第百四十五号）による工業団地造成事業
• Industrial park development projects provided for in the Act Concerning the Development of the Suburban Consolidation Zone and Urban Development Zones of the National Capital Region (Act No. 98 of 1958) and industrial park development projects provided for in the Act Concerning the Development of the Suburban Consolidation Zone and Urban Development Zones of the Kinki Region (Act No. 145 of 1964);

• これらは重点産業こそ異なれ、経済発展の目標は農産物或いは工業製品の生産工場に拠り日本国内の需要を満たすことにあったが、日本からの大量資本投下は台湾経済の発展と社会インフラ整備を支援し、戦後の台湾経済にも大きな影響を与えている。
• Though the primary industry differed in each period, the primary goal throughout the entire time was to meet the domestic demand in Japan by increasing the production of agricultural and industrial products, while Japan's massive investment, which supported the development of Taiwan's economy and social infrastructure, influenced the post-war economy of Taiwan.

• また、大名貸に伴う大坂から江戸への貨幣の流出は、江戸商人による大坂からの物資買付とともに、武士とその生活を支える商工業者による消費都市江戸と「天下の台所」と呼ばれた大坂との間に高度な為替の仕組を生み出す間接的な要因にもなった。
• Also, money outflow from Osaka to Edo due to daimyogashi and Edo merchants buying goods from Osaka became remote causes of creating a sophisticated system of currency exchange between Edo, a consumer city of samurai and people in trade and manufacture who supported lives of samurai, and Osaka, a city called 'the kitchen of Japan.'

• 農林畜水産業、鉱業、建設業、製造業（物の加工業を含む。）、電気業、ガス業、水道業、熱供給業、運送業、自動車整備業、機械修理業、医療業及び清掃業　第一種衛生管理者免許若しくは衛生工学衛生管理者免許を有する者又は第十条各号に掲げる者
• In the industries of agriculture, forestry, livestock raising, fisheries, mining, construction, manufacturing (including processing), electric power, gas supply, water supply, heating supply, transport, automobile servicing, machine servicing, medical repairing services, and cleaning:　those having the class-1 health officer's license, the health officer's license on industrial hygiene or those listed in each item of Article 10.

• 市街地周辺のガスは、由良川とその支流である土師川より西は市の公営企業（福知山市ガス水道部）、以東の長田野工業団地周辺は株式会社長田野ガスセンターが供給する天然ガス（一部区域は公営企業によるプロパンガス）による都市ガスとなっている。
• Gas supplied to urban areas is natural gas supplied to areas west of the Yura-gawa River and its tributary, Haze-gawa River, by the public company of the city (Fukuchiyama City & Gas Department Business Division), and to areas around the Osadano Industrial Park to the east of such rivers by Osadano Gas Center (or by propane gas which is supplied to some district in this area by a public company).

• 雇用の期間が五年を超え、又は雇用が当事者の一方若しくは第三者の終身の間継続すべきときは、当事者の一方は、五年を経過した後、いつでも契約の解除をすることができる。ただし、この期間は、商工業の見習を目的とする雇用については、十年とする。
• If the term of employment exceeds five years, or employment is to continue during the life of either party or any third party, either party may cancel the contract at any time after the expiration of five years; provided, however, that said five years shall be ten years with respect to employment for the purpose of apprenticeship in commerce and industry.

• 第一種中高層住居専用地域、第二種中高層住居専用地域、第一種住居地域、第二種住居地域、準住居地域、近隣商業地域、準工業地域、工業地域又は工業専用地域　建築基準法第五十三条第一項第一号から第三号まで又は第五号に規定する建築物の建ぺい率
• Category 1 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential districts, category 2 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential districts, category 1 residential districts, category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, neighborhood commercial districts, commercial districts, quasi-industrial districts, industrial districts, or exclusive industrial districts:　Building coverage ratio provided for in items (i) through (iii) and (v), paragraph (1), Article 53 of the Building Standards Act;

• 第二条第六号に掲げる建築物その他の構築物に係る工業標準（次号に掲げるものを除く。）に関する事項については、政令で定めるところにより、総務大臣、文部科学大臣、厚生労働大臣、農林水産大臣、経済産業大臣、国土交通大臣又は環境大臣とする。
• The competent minister shall be the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or Minister of the Environment, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, with regard to the matters related to the Industrial Standards for buildings and other structures listed in Item 6 of Article 2 (except for those specified in next Item).

• 今は阪神工業地帯を持つ近畿地方が中心となり、日本のみならず世界全体の若年者問題と、労働意欲低下問題解決のための機能を持つことで人々の士気向上をめざし、特に日本においては、ものづくりを中心とする経済発展に貢献することが期待されている。
• Today, the Kinki region, which contains Hanshin Industrial Zone, hopes to lift the human spirit by working towards building solutions to youth problems and tackling issues of declining motivation relating to working not only in Japan but in the world as well, with a particular focus on contributing to economic development based on manufacturing in Japan.

• 後に、同じく近世日本絵画や浮世絵などからなる由良哲次のコレクション、奈良県出身の工芸家・富本憲吉の作品コレクション、具体美術協会ほか日本の戦後現代美術のコレクターであった大橋化学工業株式会社社長・大橋嘉一氏のコレクションを収集した。
• Likewise, later, it collected Tetsuji YURA's collection such as modern Japanese-style paintings or Ukiyoe and so on, the collection of Kenkichi TOMIMOTO's works, who was an industrial artist and from Nara prefecture, the collection of Kaichi OHASHI, who was the president of OHASHI Chemical Industries Ltd. and the collector of Gutai (non abstract) Art Association and Japanese post-war modern arts.

• 江戸における嘉永年間（1850年頃）の就学率は70～86%といわれており、イギリスの主な工業都市で20～25%（1837年）、フランス1.4%（1793年）、ソビエト連邦20%（1920年、モスクワ）と、外国に比べ就学率が高かった。
• The percentage of children attending school was about 70 to 86 % in the Edo period around 1850s, and was higher compared to foreign countries such as 20 to 25% for major industrial cities in Britain (1837), 1.4% for France (1793) and 20% for the Soviet Union (1920, Moscow).

• このほか、天津同文書院（のちの天津中日学院）・漢口同文書院（のちの江漢中学校）・東亜工業学院（「敵性資産」を引き継いだ、中国人学生のための高等教育機関）・華北高等工業学校（1943年設立）・北京興亜学院（1943年引継）を運営した。
• It also administrated Tenshin Dobun Shoin (later a Sino-Japanese School in Tianjin), Kanko Dobun Shoin (later Kokan Junior High School), Toa Engineering School (a higher education institution for Chinese students that succeeded to 'Enemy Property'), Kahoku Engineering High School (founded in 1943), and Beijin Koa School (succeeded in 1943).

• 鉱工業品（医薬品、農薬、化学肥料、蚕糸及び農林物資の規格化及び品質表示の適正化に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百七十五号）による農林物資を除く。以下同じ。）の種類、型式、形状、寸法、構造、装備、品質、等級、成分、性能、耐久度又は安全度
• Types, models, figures, dimensions, structures, accoutrements, quality, grades, components, performance, durability or safeness of mineral or industrial products (excluding agricultural and forestry products as defined in the Act Concerning Standardization and Proper Labeling of Medicinal Supplies, Agrochemicals, Chemical Fertilizers, Silk Yarn, and Agricultural and Forestry Products (Act No. 175 of 1950); the same shall apply hereinafter)

• 村がひとつの工業団地的性格を持ち、銃身等主要部分を作る鍛冶のほかに、銃床を作る「台師」、「からくり」と呼ばれる機関部や各種の金属部品それに銃身や地板（機関部基板）等に施す装飾の象嵌等にそれぞれの専門職人が居り、分業体制がとられていた。
• The entire village operated in a manner similar to an industrial estate, with craftsmen all specializing in a particular facet of firearm production such as those who manufactured important components such as the barrels, others known as 'taishi' who crafted the stocks, and those called 'karakuri' who made the mechanical parts and various metal components as well as the decoration and inlaying that was applied to the barrel and base plate.

• また日本ではインフラ確立など、植民地統治のプラス面が評価されがちだが、それに対し結局は台湾人でなく日本人の利益を第一義に考えての投資、優遇された日本人商人による搾取、日本の食糧庫・南進基地に位置づけられ、工業化が遅れたなどの批判もある。
• The Japanese tended to mention the positive side of the colonial ruling such as establishing the infrastructure, on the other hand, some mentioned the investment that was allegedly done for the benefit of Japanese, not Taiwanese, the exploitation by the privileged Japanese merchants, delayed industrialization as a result of Taiwan being positioned as a source of food or a base for southward advancement.

• またその前に大阪貯蓄銀行副頭取、明治25年に衆議院議員、明治31年、浪速銀行頭取、大阪舎密工業社長、明治32年に阪神電気鉄道社長に就任したのをはじめ数多くの関西の会社設立に尽力し、大阪銀行集会所委員長として関西財界の指導者として活躍した。
• He was dedicated to establishing many companies in Kansai region by assuming the vice-president of Osaka Chochiku Bank before that, the member of House of Representatives in 1892, the president of Naniwa Bank and the president of Osaka Seimikogyo in 1898, the president of Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd. in 1899 and more, and was active in leading the financial world in Kansai region as the chairman of the committee of Osaka Bank.

• 第一種低層住居専用地域、第二種低層住居専用地域、第一種中高層住居専用地域、第二種中高層住居専用地域、第一種住居地域、第二種住居地域、準住居地域、近隣商業地域、商業地域、準工業地域、工業地域又は工業専用地域（以下「用途地域」と総称する。）
• Category 1 low rise-rise exclusive residential districts, category 2 low-rise exclusive residential districts, category 1 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential districts, category 2 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential districts, category 1 residential districts, category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, neighborhood commercial districts, commercial districts, quasi-industrial districts, industrial districts, and exclusive industrial districts (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'use districts');

• 主務大臣は、前項の規定による申出を受けた場合において、その申出に係る工業標準を制定すべきものと認めるときは、工業標準の案を調査会に付議するものとし、その制定の必要がないと認めるときは、理由を付してその旨を申出人に通知しなければならない。
• In the case where the competent minister receives such a proposal pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and finds that the Industrial Standard set forth in such proposal should be enacted, the competent minister shall submit the draft of such Industrial Standard to the Committee for deliberation, but if he/she determines that enactment of the proposed Industrial Standard is not necessary, then he/she shall notify the proposing party of such determination, together with the reason therefore.

• 一般消費者が通常生活の用に供する繊維製品、合成樹脂加工品、電気機械器具及び雑貨工業品のうち、一般消費者がその購入に際し品質を識別することが著しく困難であり、かつ、その品質を識別することが特に必要であると認められるものであつて政令で定めるもの
• Among textile products, plastic goods, electrical appliances and apparatuses, and miscellaneous manufactured goods used by general consumers in their daily lives, those which are extremely difficult for general consumers to discern the quality of at the time of purchase, and with respect to which it is determined that there is a particular necessity to identify their quality, and are specified by Cabinet Order

• 国及び地方公共団体は、鉱工業に関する技術上の基準を定めるとき、その買い入れる鉱工業品に関する仕様を定めるときその他その事務を処理するに当たつて第二条各号に掲げる事項に関し一定の基準を定めるときは、日本工業規格を尊重してこれをしなければならない。
• The State and local government shall respect the Japanese Industrial Standards when specifying the technical standards with regard to industry, when specifying the specifications relating to purchased mineral or industrial products and when specifying the fixed standards relating to matters listed in the items of Article 2 when otherwise performing administrative work.

• この法律は、適正且つ合理的な工業標準の制定及び普及により工業標準化を促進することによつて、鉱工業品の品質の改善、生産能率の増進その他生産の合理化、取引の単純公正化及び使用又は消費の合理化を図り、あわせて公共の福祉の増進に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to promote Industrial Standardization by enacting and disseminating appropriate and rational Industrial Standards and thereby improve the quality of mineral or industrial products, increase productivity and otherwise rationalize production, simplify and make transactions fair, and rationalize the use or consumption of mineral or industrial products and also contribute to the enhancement of public welfare.

• 鉱工業品の製造業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その製造する当該認証に係る鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に、当該鉱工業品が日本工業規格に適合するものであることを示す主務省令で定める方式による特別な表示を付することができる。
• A manufacturer of a mineral or industrial product may, having obtained the certification of a person accredited by the competent minister, affix to the mineral or industrial product manufactured pertaining to said certification or its package, container or invoice, a special label in accordance with the method specified in an Ordinance of the competent minister indicating said product's conformity with the Japanese Industrial Standards.

• 事業者は、アーク溶接等（自動溶接を除く。）の作業に使用する溶接棒等のホルダーについては、日本工業規格Ｃ九三〇二（溶接棒ホルダー）に定めるホルダーの規格に適合するもの又はこれと同等以上の絶縁効力及び耐熱性を有するものでなければ、使用してはならない。
• The employer shall, as regards holders for welding rod, etc., used in work such as arc welding, etc. (excluding automatic welding), not use them unless those which conform to the standards described in the Japanese Industrial Standard C 9302 (Welding rod Holders), or those which have same insulating effect or heat resistance as this Standard or better.

• 銀行、農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、信用金庫、信用金庫連合会、信用協同組合又は農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合連合会若しくは協同組合連合会で業として預金若しくは貯金の受入れをすることができるものへの預金、貯金又は金銭信託
• Deposits, savings or monetary trusts in a bank, the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, a Shinkin bank, a federation of Shinkin banks, a credit cooperative, a federation of agricultural cooperatives, a federation of fisheries cooperatives, a federation of fishery processing cooperatives, or a federation of cooperatives that is able to accept deposits or savings on a regular basis

• 「アルコール添加」または略して「アル添（アルてん）」という語感から、工業的に何か不純な添加物を加えるかのようなイメージをもたれることが多い（参照：当記事内『美味しんぼ』）が、古くは江戸時代の柱焼酎という技法にさかのぼる、伝統的な工程のひとつである。
• From the impression of the term 'adding alcohol' or 'aruten' in short form, it gives often an impression that certain impurity is added industrially (Refer to 'Oishinbo' in this article.), but it is a traditional process that goes back to hashira-shochu during the Edo period.

• こうした中、儒教では利益の追求は欲望を生み出して人間を堕落の方向に向かわせると考えられ、商工業に携わること自体が本来の人間があるべき姿に反する行為として否定的に捉えられていたが、実際には貨幣経済や産業の発達により商人が経済の主導権を握るようになった。
• In Confucianism, it was thought that profit pursuing would lead to desires that would ultimately cause a human being to deteriorate and that activities of involved in commerce and industry themselves would be contrary to what a human being should be; nevertheless, under the above-mentioned circumstances, merchants took the initiative in an economy based on the development of a monetary economy and industry.

• 国は、生物資源の有用性にかんがみ、農林水産業、工業その他の分野においてその適正な利用を図るため、生物の多様性に配慮しつつ、生物資源を有効に活用するための研究及び技術開発並びに生物資源の収集及び体系的な保存の推進その他の必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
• The government shall, taking into consideration the usefulness of biological resources, promote research and technology development for effective utilization of biological resources, and collection and systematic preservation of biological resources, and take other necessary measures, for the purpose of promoting rational use of biological resources in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, industries or other fields, giving consideration to biodiversity.

• 独立とその後の朝鮮戦争勃発による社会的混乱、工業化・民主化の過程での都市部への人口の移動によって、大韓民国の被差別階級は姿を消すこととなったが、現在もなお罵倒語として「白丁」（ペクチョン）「白丁野郎（ペッチョンノム）」という言葉が使われることがある。
• The discriminated class in the Republic of Korea had disappeared due to the social disorder by the independence and later outbreak of the Korean War and the flow of population to urban areas in the process of industrialization and democratization, however, still now 'Pekuchon' or 'Petchonnomu' are sometimes used as a swear word.

• 調査会又は工業標準に実質的な利害関係を有する者は、工業標準がすべての実質的な利害関係を有する者の意向を反映し、又はその適用に当つて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不当に差別を附するものでないかどうかについて、主務大臣に公聴会の開催を請求することができる。
• The Committee or any persons having a substantial interest in an Industrial Standard may request the competent minister to hold a public hearing concerning whether or not such Industrial Standard reflects the intent of all persons having a substantial interest and does not unfairly discriminate in its application against any parties being under the similar conditions.

• 現在の税率は印紙税・物品税などの商工業などからの収入が一定の軌道にのるまでの暫定的な税率で、将来はそこからの歳入と財政支出の抑制によって地租依存度を減少させて最終的には1％にまで引き下げると説明しているからである（地租改正条例第6条、地租条例で廃止）。
• The government explained in writing that the current tax rate is a tentative one until the revenue from trade and manufacture such as documentary stamp tax and commodity tax gets on track and that in the future the tax rate will be lowered as the revenue from trade and manufacture increase and as the financial expenditure is restrained and that ultimately the government is planning to lower the tax rate to 1% (in the article 6 of the Regulation of land-tax reform [1873]; this article was abolished in the Regulation of land-tax, which was established later [1884]).

• その計画では、大正8年から6年計画で、官立旧制高等学校10校、官立高等工業学校6校、官立高等農林学校4校、官立高等商業学校7校、外国語学校 (旧制)1校、旧制薬学専門学校1校の新設、帝国大学4学部の設置、医科大学5校の昇格、商科大学1校の昇格であった。
• This six-year plan starting from 1918 would newly build 10 national higher schools under the old system, six national higher technical schools, four national higher schools of agriculture and forestry, seven national higher schools of commerce, one school of foreign languages (under the former system) and one specialized school of pharmaceutical sciences under the old system as well install four faculties at imperial universities and upgrade five medical universities and one college of commerce.

• 高地の所有者は、その高地が浸水した場合にこれを乾かすため、又は自家用若しくは農工業用の余水を排出するため、公の水流又は下水道に至るまで、低地に水を通過させることができる。この場合においては、低地のために損害が最も少ない場所及び方法を選ばなければならない。
• An owner of a higher ground may run water through lower grounds to dry out his/her higher ground in cases where that land is flooded, or to discharge surplus water for household or agricultural or industrial use until the water meets a public stream or sewage system. In such cases, the location and method that cause the least damage to the lower ground must be selected.

• 登録申請者が、その申請に係る鉱工業品又はその加工技術の区分に係る鉱工業品を製造し、輸入し、販売し、加工し、又は輸出する事業者（以下この号及び第三十五条第二項において「被認証事業者」という。）に支配されているものとして次のいずれかに該当するものでないこと。
• The Accreditation Applicant does not fall under any of the following as an entity controlled by a business operator who manufactures, imports, sells, processes or exports the mineral or industrial product pertaining to the application or the mineral or industrial product pertaining to the division of its processing technology (hereinafter in this item and Paragraph 2 of Article 35 referred to as the 'Certified Business Operator'):

• 前述のように海外の魚や動物の骨や皮から抽出したコラーゲンを使ったり、化学的に合成した接着剤成分などをニカワの代わりに用い、腐らせないように防腐剤が入り、工業製の香料を使っている可能性が高いため、口に入れることは不衛生であり健康被害・アレルギーなどに注意する。
• Since it is highly possible that collagen derived from the bones and skins of overseas fish and animals are used as mentioned above, or that chemical ingredients may be used as a bonding agent instead of glue with an added preservative, not to mention industrial grade fragrance, it is unsanitary and can cause health and allergy problems to place a brush in one's mouth.

• 主務大臣は、調査会が制定すべきものと答申した工業標準の案がすべての実質的な利害関係を有する者の意向を反映し、且つ、その適用に当つて同様な条件の下にある者に対して不当に差別を附するものでなく、適当であると認めるときは、これを工業標準として制定しなければならない。
• If the competent minister deems that the proposed Industrial Standard that the Committee has reported should be enacted reflects the intents of all substantially interested persons and does not unfairly discriminate in its application against any persons being under similar conditions and is appropriate, the competent minister shall enact the same as an Industrial Standard.

• 市内に所在する日本有数の内陸型工業団地の長田野工業団地や、アネックス京都三和（愛称：エコートピア京都三和）工業団地には東京証券取引所ならびに大証や、ジャスダックなどに株式上場している多数の企業またはその子会社が拠点を置いており、それが与える地元の雇用の影響は大きい。
• Many companies listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Osaka Securities Exchange or Jasdaq Securities Exchange, Inc. or their subsidiaries, have their bases located in the Osadano Industrial Park which is one of the largest inland industrial parks, and the Annex Kyoto Miwa Industrial Park (nicknamed Ecotopia Kyoto Miwa) located in the city, and have a large influence on local employment.

• 旧協同組合法、旧輸出入法、旧輸出水産業法、旧団体法、旧鉱工業組合法又は旧商店街組合法の規定によってした処分、手続その他の行為は、それぞれ新協同組合法、新輸出入法、新輸出水産業法、新団体法、新鉱工業組合法又は新商店街組合法の相当規定によってしたものとみなす。
• A disposition, procedure, or any other act issued or carried out pursuant to the provisions of the Old Cooperatives Act, the Old Export and Import Act, the Old Export Fisheries Processing Act, the Old Association Act, the Old Mining and Manufacturing Cooperative Act, or the Old Shopping District Cooperatives Act shall be deemed to have been issued or carried out pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the New Cooperatives Act, the New Export and Import Act, the New Export Fisheries Processing Act, the New Association Act, the New Mining and Manufacturing Cooperative Act, or the New Shopping District Cooperatives Act.

• 工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律（平成二年法律第三十号）第四十条第三項の規定は、第四項に規定する特許権又は第五項に規定する特許を受ける権利について同条第一項の規定により手数料（政令で定めるものに限る。）を納付すべき者が当該認定事業者である場合に準用する。
• The provisions of Article 40, paragraph 3 of the Act on Special Provisions of Procedures, etc. concerning Industrial Property Rights (Act No. 30 of 1990) shall apply mutatis mutandis where the party who must pay fees (limited to those stipulated by Cabinet Order) pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of the same Article for patent rights stipulated in paragraph 4 or the right to receive a patent stipulated in paragraph 5 is said Certified Business Operator.

• 通常は、各種の武芸である日本武術、江戸期の公家家職に由来する有職故実・礼式、そのほか能楽、歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃などの芸能、邦楽、茶道、華道、香道、書道、盆庭などをはじめとして、伝統工芸的な手工業、古典園芸など、ひろく技術を伝承する分野においてこうした観念が見られる。
• This concept can normally be seen in the various Nihon bujutsu (Japanese martial arts) and the Yusoku kojitsu (traditional protocol of the imperial court and samurai families) or reishiki (etiquette) that are derived from the practices and manners observed by court nobles in the Edo period; it can also be seen in fields where skills are passed down from one generation to the next, ranging from performing arts such as Nohgaku, Kabuki, and Ningyo Joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater), Hogaku (traditional Japanese music), Sado (tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), Kodo (traditional incense-smelling ceremony), Shodo (calligraphy), Bontei (tray garden) to traditional handicrafts and classic gardening.

• 法第二百十七条第一項の書面には、日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いなければならない。ただし、次に掲げる事項にあっては、枠の中に日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する十四ポイント以上の大きさの文字及び数字を用いて記載しなければならない。
• Letters or numbers used in documents under Article 217, paragraph (1) of the Act shall be 8 point or in a larger size of font as prescribed in Japanese Industrial Standard Z8305; provided, however, that with regard to the following matters, such matters shall be stated in the frame of said documents using letters and numbers in 14 point or in a larger size of font as prescribed in Japanese Industrial Standard Z8305:

• 輸入業者は、第五十八条第一項の標章又はこれと紛らわしい標章の付してある製品試験に係る証明書を用いて、その輸入に係る鉱工業品を販売してはならない。ただし、当該標章が同項（第六十五条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により付されたものである場合は、この限りでない。
• An importer shall not sell any mineral or industrial product pertaining to its importation by using a certificate pertaining to product testing on which the Accreditation symbol specified in Paragraph 1 of Article 58 or a confusingly similar symbol is affixed, however, this shall not apply to the case where such symbol is affixed in accordance with the provisions of the same paragraph (including the case where it applies mutatis mutandis in Paragraph 2 of Article 65).

• 1958年（昭和33年）よりダムの具体的な型式や貯水容量等を検討する実施計画調査に入ったが、翌1959年（昭和34年）に伊勢湾台風が台風13号の洪水流量を超える水害を惹き起こした為洪水調節計画を再検討、更に関西圏の急激な人口増加と阪神工業地帯の拡充により水需要が逼迫。
• Although, in 1958, they began the study of the implementation of the plan to roughly design specific types of dams and their capacities of water, they had to review the original flood control plan because the Ise Bay Typhoon in the following year (1959) brought about considerable flooding, surpassing that of Typhoon 13, and furthermore, water demand grew tremendously due to the rapid growth of the population in the Kansai area and the expanding Hanshin Industrial Zone.

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。）の規定により大蔵大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、内閣総理大臣その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Minister of Finance or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on Promoting the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions on the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters before their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act to Promote the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions on the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters after its revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').
• The licensing, permission, authorization, approval, designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Minister of Finance or other organs of the State pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Securities Investment Trust Act, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Foreign Exchange Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Deposit Insurance Act, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, or Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed as licensing, permission, authorization, approval, designation and other dispositions, or notices and other acts carried out by the Prime Minister or other corresponding organs of the State pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Securities Investment Trust Act, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Foreign Exchange Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Deposit Insurance Act, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, or Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company revised by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.').
• Dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Minister of Finance or other national government organs pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Prime Minister or other relevant national government organs pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.').
• A license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Minister of Finance or any other national organ pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Old Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Prime Minister or any other corresponding national organ based on the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, or the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無 尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、 証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証 券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業 信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、 銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規 制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神 薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同 組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会 との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。） の規定により大蔵大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託 法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確 保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関 する法律、船主相互保険組合法、証券投資信託法、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、外国為替銀 行法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、預金保険法、農村地域工業等導入促進 法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法 律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為 等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための 関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農 林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法又は銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律（以下 「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、内閣総理大臣その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知 その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Minister of Finance or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters before the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Securities Investment Trust Act, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Foreign Exchange Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Deposit Insurance Act, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act or the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.')

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」という。）の規定により内閣総理大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、金融再生委員会その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, rendered, given or engaged in by the Prime Minister or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trusts and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act Promoting the Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions under the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on the Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System before their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, rendered, given or engaged in by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for the Simplification of Bank Administration, etc., the Act on Engagement in Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibiting Private Monopolies and Ensuring Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Services by Cooperatives, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trusts and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium-Scale Fishing Operations, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Mergers and Conversions in Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishing Cooperatives Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Securities Investment Advisory Services, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Regulation of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions under the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Activities Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperatively Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Services Act, the Act on Special Measures on Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings by Financial Institutions, the Act on Mergers between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Mergers Involving Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on the Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System after their revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').
• The licensing, permission, authorization, approval, Designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Prime Minister or other organs of the State pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Local Tax Act, Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Juridical Persons, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Earthquake Insurance, Registration and License Tax Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Juridical Persons, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment, etc. of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company, Act on the Liquidation of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Financial System Reform prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed as licensing, permission, authorization, approval, Designation and other dispositions, or notice and other acts carried out by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding organs of the State pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bond Trust Act, Trust Business Act, Norinchukin Bank Act, Mutual Loan Business Act, Act on Simplification of Banking Business Procedures, etc., Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, Agricultural Cooperative Association Act, Securities and Exchange Act, Act on Casualty Insurance Rating Organizations, Fisheries Cooperative Association Act, Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, etc., Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, Shipowners Mutual Insurance Association Act, Local Tax Act, Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Juridical Persons, Shinkin Bank Act, Long-Term Credit Bank Act, Loan Trust Act, Medium and Small Fishery Loan Guarantee Act, Credit Guarantee Companies Act, Labor Bank Act, Automobile Liability Security Act, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, Act on Earthquake Insurance, Registration and License Tax Act, Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Business, etc. into Agricultural Regions, Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, Banking Act, Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Juridical Persons, Financial Futures Trading Act, Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, Act on Regulations of Business Pertaining to Commodities Investment, Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, Act on the Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Reform of Financial System and Securities Exchange System, Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, Real Property Specified Joint Enterprise Act, Insurance Business Act, Act on Special Treatment of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institution, Act on the Merger of the Norinchukin Bank and the Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, etc., Bank of Japan Act, Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures Pertaining to Banks, etc. for the Creation of Bank Holding Company, Act on the Liquidation of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or Act on Revision, etc. of Related Acts for the Financial System Reform revised by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Secured Bond Trust Act, etc.').
• Dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Prime Minister or other national government organs pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies, the Act on Liquidation of Special Assets by Special Purpose Companies, the Act on Prepara.ion of Relevant Acts for Financial System Reform prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be dispositions including licensing, permission, authorization, approval, and designation, or notice or other acts conducted by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other relevant national government organs pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Secured Debenture Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Association Act, the Act on Simplifying Business Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Additional Operation of Trust Business by a Financial Institution, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Body Calculating Premium Rate of Damage Insurance, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Act on the Cooperative Associations of Small and Medium Enterprises, the Act on Finance Business Conducted by Cooperative Associations, the Shipowner Mutual Insurance Association Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Credit Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium-sized Fishery Finance Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Association Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Damages Guarantee Act, the Agriculture Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Security Business Entities, the Agricultural District Industry Introduction Promotion Act, the Agricultural and Fishery Business Cooperative Association Deposit Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Regulation of Loan Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Security Advisory Business, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Security Business, the Financial Future Transaction Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Voucher of Prepayment Type, the Act on Regulation of Business of Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of the Narcotic and Stimulation Spirit Medicine Regulation Act for Prevention of Conduct Encouraging Illegal Conduct Relating to Regulated Medicine under International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business of Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Prepara.ion, etc. of Related Acts for Reform of Finance System and Security Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Contribution of Cooperative Structure Financial Institution, the Specified Real Estate Cooperative Business Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. of Reorganization Procedure of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger, etc. of Central Bank for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery and Federation for Credit Agriculture Cooperative Association, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures, etc. for Merger Procedures for Banks, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies, the Act on Liquidation of Special Assets by Special Purpose Companies, the Act on Prepara.ion of Relevant Acts for Financial System Reform after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Debenture Trust Act, etc.').
• A license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Prime Minister or any other national organ pursuant to the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Juridical Person Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company, the Act on Securities of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System prior to the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'Old Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed be a license, permission, approval, recognition, designation, or any other disposition or notice granted or issued or any other act conducted by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or any other corresponding national organ based on the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplifying the Affairs of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperative Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on the Casualty Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperatives, the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Small and Medium Fisheries Loan Guarantee Act, the Credit Guarantee Juridical Person Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Merger and Conversion of Financial Institutions, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. of Advanced Payment Certificates, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act Concerning Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conducts and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Business Pertaining to Specified Claims, etc., the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System and the Securities and Exchange System, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institutions, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on Financial Institution Reorganization Proceedings, the Act on Mergers, etc. between the Norinchukin Bank and a Federation of Credit Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Provisions, etc. on the Merger Procedure for Banks, etc. for the Establishment of a Bank Holding Company, the Act on Securities of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act on Coordination, etc. of Relevant Acts for the Reform of the Financial System after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.').

• この法律による改正前の担保附社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無 尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、 証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地 方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車 損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工 業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等 に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助 長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改 革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関 する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のための銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する 法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律（以下「旧担保附社債信託法等」とい う。）の規定により内閣総理大臣その他の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の処分又は通知その他の行為は、この法律による改正後の担保附 社債信託法、信託業法、農林中央金庫法、無尽業法、銀行等の事務の簡素化に関する法律、金融機関の信託業務の兼営等に関する法律、私的独占の禁止及び公正 取引の確保に関する法律、農業協同組合法、証券取引法、損害保険料率算出団体に関する法律、水産業協同組合法、中小企業等協同組合法、協同組合による金融 事業に関する法律、船主相互保険組合法、地方税法、証券投資信託及び証券投資法人に関する法律、信用金庫法、長期信用銀行法、貸付信託法、中小漁業融資保 証法、信用保証協会法、労働金庫法、自動車損害賠償保障法、農業信用保証保険法、地震保険に関する法律、登録免許税法、金融機関の合併及び転換に関する法 律、外国証券業者に関する法律、農村地域工業等導入促進法、農水産業協同組合貯金保険法、銀行法、貸金業の規制等に関する法律、有価証券に係る投資顧問業 の規制等に関する法律、抵当証券業の規制等に関する法律、金融先物取引法、前払式証票の規制等に関する法律、商品投資に係る事業の規制に関する法律、国際 的な協力の下に規制薬物に係る不正行為を助長する行為等の防止を図るための麻薬及び向精神薬取締法等の特例等に関する法律、特定債権等に係る事業の規制に 関する法律、金融制度及び証券取引制度の改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する法律、協同組織金融機関の優先出資に関する法律、不動産特定共同事業法、保 険業法、金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律、農林中央金庫と信用農業協同組合連合会との合併等に関する法律、日本銀行法、銀行持株会社の創設のた めの銀行等に係る合併手続の特例等に関する法律、特定目的会社による特定資産の流動化に関する法律又は金融システム改革のための関係法律の整備等に関する 法律（以下「新担保附社債信託法等」という。）の相当規定に基づいて、金融再生委員会その他の相当の国の機関がした免許、許可、認可、承認、指定その他の 処分又は通知その他の行為とみなす。
• A license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Prime Minister or other national organ under the provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System before the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.') shall be deemed to be a license, permission, authorization, approval, designation or other disposition, or a notice or other act granted, made, given or performed by the Financial Reconstruction Commission or other corresponding national organ pursuant to the corresponding provisions of the Secured Bonds Trust Act, the Trust Business Act, the Norinchukin Bank Act, the Mutual Loan Business Act, the Act for Simplification of Works of Banks, etc., the Act on Provision, etc. of Trust Business by Financial Institutions, the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, the Agricultural Cooperatives Act, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Act on Non-Life Insurance Rating Organization of Japan, the Fisheries Cooperatives Act, the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act, the Act on Financial Businesses by Cooperative, the Ship Owner's Mutual Insurance Union Act, the Local Tax Act, the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations, the Shinkin Bank Act, the Long-Term Credit Bank Act, the Loan Trust Act, the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry, the Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, the Labor Bank Act, the Automobile Liability Security Act, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act, the Act on Earthquake Insurance, the Registration and License Tax Act, the Act on Financial Institutions' Merger and Conversion, the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers, the Act on the Promotion of Introduction of Industry into Agricultural Regions, the Agricultural and Fishery Cooperation Savings Insurance Act, the Banking Act, the Act on Controls, etc. on Money Lending, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Investment Advisory Business Pertaining to Securities, the Act on Regulation, etc. for Mortgage Corporations, the Financial Futures Trading Act, the Act on Regulation, etc. on Advanced Payment Certificate, the Act on Control for Business Pertaining to Commodity Investment, the Act on Special Provisions for the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, etc. and Other Matters for the Prevention of Activities Encouraging Illicit Conduct and Other Activities Involving Controlled Substances through International Cooperation, the Act on Regulation of Businesses Concerning Specified Credits, etc., the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial and Securities Exchange Systems, the Act on Preferred Equity Investment by Cooperative Structured Financial Institution, the Real Estate Specified Joint Enterprise Act, the Insurance Business Act, the Act on Special Measures of Corporate Reorganization Proceedings and Other Insolvency Proceedings of Financial Institutions, the Act on Merger between the Norinchukin Bank and Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, the Bank of Japan Act, the Act on Special Measures Concerning Procedures for Merger Involving Bank, etc. for Establishing Bank Holding Companies and Other Matters, the Act on Securitization of Specified Assets by Special Purpose Companies, or the Act Revising Acts Related to the Reform of the Financial System after the revision by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Secured Bonds Trust Act, etc.')

• 更に鎌倉時代以後の貨幣経済の発達に乗って官司の供御人の系譜を引く座や商工業者（官司の代わりに生産物を生産・調達して官司に納める義務を有するとされていた）に対する課役権を行使（京都における営業権の意味合いもある）や関所・率分所の設置による収入なども公私の経済の資を支えた。
• Furthermore, as the monetary economy had developed in and after the Kamakura period, the kaeki-ken right (the right to levy duty, which was alternatively considered as the trade rights in Kyoto) was exercised against the 'za' (trade guilds) which had been descended from kugonin (purveyors to the imperial household) as well as merchants and traders (who had to provide guji on his behalf with the produce and products by means of production and acquisition), and an income which was resulted from the set-up of sekisho (barriers) and ritsubunsho (tax storehouses) supported both public and private economy.

• 国内に所在する不動産に関する権利又は工業所有権、鉱業権その他の国内の行政庁への登録により成立する権利若しくはこれらの権利に関する権利（以下「工業所有権等」という。）の得喪又は変更を主な目的とする法律事件についての代理又は文書（鑑定書を除く。以下この条において同じ。）の作成
• representation or the preparation of documents (excluding written expert opinions; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) regarding a legal case whose primary purpose is the acquisition or relinquishment or amendment of rights concerning real property located in Japan or of industrial property rights, mining rights or other rights established by registration thereof with an administrative agency in Japan or rights related to such rights (hereinafter referred to as 'Industrial Property Rights, etc.')

• 市街化調整区域内において現に工業の用に供されている工場施設における事業と密接な関連を有する事業の用に供する建築物又は第一種特定工作物で、これらの事業活動の効率化を図るため市街化調整区域内において建築し、又は建設することが必要なものの建築又は建設の用に供する目的で行う開発行為
• Development activities carried out with the purpose of building or constructing buildings or Category 1 special structures used for projects that are closely linked to projects in industrial factories currently used for industrial purposes in urbanization control areas in cases where it is necessary to build or construct such buildings and structures in urbanization control areas in order to secure greater efficiency of these projects;

• 人の営み「勤しみ（いそしみ）」にも神が宿ると考え農業・林業・漁業などにおいて、例えば稲作信仰の米作りは神事であり、これらの自然と密着した一次産業だけでなく、二次産業においても建築・土木・鉱業や鍛冶・たたら（日本の古式製鉄）の工業や醸造・酒造といった食品加工業にも神が宿ると考えた。
• In the faith that deities reside in a human activity, for example, rice production was a divine service in folk religion for rice cultivation in the agriculture and fishery, and, not only in the primary industry tightly connected to the nature but also in the secondary industry, it was believed that deities reside in construction, civil engineering, mining, industries of blacksmith and tatara (ancient iron-making in Japan), and food processing industry such as brewing.

• 国は、ものづくり基盤産業における事業活動の効率化、高度化等を図るため、自然的経済的社会的条件からみて一体である地域における工業団地等の施設の整備、ものづくり事業者の交流又は連携の推進等ものづくり事業者の新たな集積の促進又は既存の集積の有する機能の強化に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• In order to ensure the increased efficiency and sophistication of, and any other improvements in, business activities in the core manufacturing industry, the State shall take necessary measures for promoting a new agglomeration of manufacturing business operators and strengthening the functions of the existing agglomeration, such as the establishment of such facilities as industrial parks and the promotion of exchange and cooperation among manufacturing business operators in an area that is regarded as a single domain in light of natural, economic and social conditions.

• 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所（以下「研究所」という。）は、鉱工業の 科学技術に関する研究及び開発等の業務を総合的に行うことにより、産業技術の向上及びその成果の普及を図り、もって経済及び産業の発展並びに鉱物資源及び エネルギーの安定的かつ効率的な供給の確保に資することを目的とする。
• The purpose of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the 'Institute') shall be to contribute to the development of the economy and industry and to securing a stable and efficient supply of mineral resources and energy, based on improvements in industrial technology and dissemination of the results thereof, by comprehensively conducting research, development, etc. related to science and technology in mining and industry.

• これは古い部民制の残滓である品部そのものが律令制と相容れなかったこと、律令制の衰退によって品部の維持が困難になってきたこと、社会経済水準の向上によって民間からの調達・雇役が可能になったこと（この場合の民間には旧品部の商工業者からの調達を含む）が複雑に絡み合っていたと考えられている。
• This situation was caused by intricately intertwined reasons, i.e., the fact that shinabe, which was the remnant of the bemin system, itself was incompatible with the ritsuryo system, that it became difficult to preserve shinabe as the ritsuryo system was weakened, and that improved social economy standard enabled procurement from and koeki (forced labor under the ritsuryo system) by ordinary citizens (procurement from ordinary citizens here includes procurement from commercial and industrial men in former shinabe).

• 鉱工業品の加工業者は、主務大臣の登録を受けた者の認証を受けて、その者が当該認証に係る加工技術による加工をした鉱工業品又はその包装、容器若しくは送り状に、その鉱工業品に係る当該加工技術が日本工業規格に適合するものであることを示す主務省令で定める方式による特別な表示を付することができる。
• A processor of an mineral or industrial product may, having obtained the certification of a person accredited by the competent minister, affix to the mineral or industrial product in accordance with the processing technology pertaining to said certification or its package, container or invoice, a special label in accordance with the method specified in the Ordinance of the competent ministry indicating said product's conformity with the Japanese Industrial Standards.

• 学校教育法（昭和二十二年法律第二十六号）に基づく大学院の課程を修了した者であって、当該大学院において経済産業省令で定める工業所有権に関する科目の単位を修得したもの　当該課程を修了した日から起算して二年を経過する日までに前条第一項第一号及び第二号に掲げる科目について行う短答式による試験
• A person who has completed the course of a graduate school under the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947) and has mastered required credits of such subjects relating to industrial property rights as prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry:　Any short answer examination on the subjects listed in paragraph (1) (i) and (ii) of the preceding Article which is conducted by the day on which two years have elapsed from the date of completion of such course.

• また、橋本道路の橋本東IC～橋本ICも2006年内に開通の予定であったが、2002（平成14）年に完成した垂井高架橋にひび割れが多数発見され、国土交通省は橋桁（7径間連続）の取り壊しと再築を決定したが、施工業者の補修と効果監視の新提案が承認され、同区間は2007年8月2日に開通した。
• Although the section of Hashimoto Road between the Hashimoto-higashi Interchange and the Hashimoto Interchange had also been scheduled to open in 2006, many cracks were discovered in the Tarui elevated bridge, which had been completed in 2002; therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism decided to demolish it and rebuild its beams (seven continuous spans) but later accepted the contractor's new plan for repairs and follow-up examinations of the effect, and this section was finally opened on August 2, 2007.

• 株式若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利若しくは特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものでないこと。
• A corporation's principal businesses do not fall under any of the categories of the holding of shares or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use such rights) or copyrights (including publication rights, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights), or the lending of vessels or aircraft

• 第四項に規定する特許権又は第五項に規定する特許を受ける権利が認定事業者と認定事業者以外の者との共有に係る場合における工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律第四十条第一項の規定による手数料（前項の政令で定めるものに限る。）の納付については、認定事業者を国とみなして同条第四項の規定を適用する。
• Concerning the payment of fees (limited to those stipulated by Cabinet Order of the preceding paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of Article 40, paragraph 1 of the Act on Special Provisions of Procedures, etc. concerning Industrial Property Rights, if the patent rights stipulated in paragraph 4 or the right to receive a patent stipulated in paragraph 5 are jointly owned by a Certified Business Operator and a party other than said Certified Business Operator, the Certified Business Operator shall be deemed to be the State and the provisions of paragraph 4 of the same Article shall apply.

• 事業協同小組合の組合員たる資格を有する者は、組合の地区内において主として自己の勤労によつて商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他の事業を行う事業者であつて、おおむね常時使用する従業員の数が五人（商業又はサービス業を主たる事業とする事業者については二人）を超えないもので定款で定めるものとする。
• A person who is qualified to be a member of a minor business cooperative shall be an entrepreneur who is engaged in a commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or any other business within the district of the cooperative mainly through his/her own work and whose number of regular employees is not more than about five (in the case of an entrepreneur whose principal business is a commercial business or service business, two), and who is specified by the articles of association.

• 火災共済協同組合の組合員たる資格を有する者は、組合の地区内において商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他主務省令で定める事業を行う前条第一項又は第二項に規定するすべての小規模の事業者（その地区が全国にわたる組合にあつては、これらの事業者のうち、定款で定める一の業種に属する事業を行うもの）とする。
• A person who is qualified to be a member of a fire mutual aid cooperative shall be any small-scale entrepreneur provided in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article who is engaged in a commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or other business provided by an ordinance of the competent ministry within the district of the cooperative (in the case of a cooperative whose district is nationwide, any such entrepreneur who is engaged in a business that belongs to one of the business types provided by the articles of association).

• この台湾経済をその内容により分類するとすれば、1920年までの糖業を主軸とする期間、1920年から1930年代にかけての蓬莱米の生産を主軸とする期間、そして1930年代以降にそれまでの工業を内地、農業を台湾としていた分業論を改め、軍需に対応すべく台湾の工業化が展開された3時期に区分することができる。
• The Taiwanese economy was classified by its features into three periods: before 1920 when sugar industry was main, from the 1920s to the 1930s during which time Horai rice cultivation was spotlighted and after the 1930s when an international division of labor between mainland Japan focusing on industry and Taiwan on agriculture discontinued and Taiwan's industrialization was promoted to meet military demand.

• 当時の百姓身分は農業や手工業の比較的規模の大きい経営者階層であり、この層に出自する者が地侍などの形で武士身分に食い込みを図るときには、勢力地盤となっている村の名前などを苗字とするのが普通であるし、そもそもこの階層は惣村共同体の足軽中で通用する程度に権威のある私称の苗字を保持しているのが通例であった。
• A farmer class of this age was a comparatively huge hierarchy, composed by businesspersons of agriculture and manufacture; when a person who was from this class tried to become warriors' class such as local samurai, he usually used a place name like home village's name as a surname, and people of this class usually had authorized surnames which they could use among 'Ashigaru' in the community of village.

• こ の法律は、中小規模の商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他の事業を行う者、勤労者その他の者が相互扶助の精神に基づき協同して事業を行うために必 要な組織について定め、これらの者の公正な経済活動の機会を確保し、もつてその自主的な経済活動を促進し、且つ、その経済的地位の向上を図ることを目的と する。
• The purpose of this Act is to provide for the organizations necessary for persons engaged in a small and medium-sized commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or any other business and other persons, such as workers, to engage in business in a cooperative manner based on the spirit of mutual support, and to secure the opportunity for these people to conduct fair economic activities, thereby promoting their voluntary economic activities and achieving an improvement in their economic status.

• 特許出願人は、その特許出願を意匠登録出願に変更することができる。ただし、その特許出願について拒絶をすべき旨の最初の査定の謄本の送達（工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律（平成二年法律第三十号）の規定により当該謄本の送達とみなされるものを含む。）があつた日から三十日を経過した後は、この限りでない。
• An applicant of a patent may convert the patent application into an application for design registration; provided, however, that this shall not apply after the expiration of 30 days from the date the certified copy of the examiner's initial decision to the effect that the patent application is to be refused has been served (including the case where it is deemed that service of such a certified copy is made under the provision of the Act on Special Provisions to the Procedure, etc. Relating to an Industrial Property Right (Act No.30 of 1990)).

• 輸入業者は、その加工技術につき第二十条第一項の表示又はこれと紛らわしい表示の付してある鉱工業品（その包装、容器又は送り状に当該表示の付してある場合における当該鉱工業品を含む。）でその輸入に係るものを販売してはならない。ただし、当該表示が同項又は前条第三項の規定により付されたものである場合は、この限りでない。
• An importer in regards to the processing technology shall not sell any mineral or industrial products on which the label of Paragraph 1 of Article 20 or a confusingly similar label is affixed (including said mineral or industrial products in the case where said label is affixed to its package, container or invoice) pertaining to such importation. However, this shall not apply in cases where such label is affixed pursuant to provisions of the same Paragraph or Paragraph 3 of the preceding Article.

• そのために遅くても11世紀中期には公田を賃租・請作した場合の地子に基づいて、1段＝3斗（段別三斗）を「見米」と称して租に替わる基本的な賦課とし、それに庸・調・出挙・雑搖などに替わる地税賦課を「准米」と呼ばれる代物納（一部は絹・布・油などの手工業品を含む）の形で上乗せすることという基本が確立されることになった。
• Therefore, in the middle of the eleventh century at the latest, a basic foundation was established based on Jishi (land rent) of Koden that was leased and determined 'Genmai' of 3 to per dan (Dan betsu san to) as the basic tax instead of So, and on top of that, a property tax instead of Yo, Cho, Suiko, or Zoyo called 'Junmai' that was collected in kind (some included manufactured items such as silk, cloth, oil).

• 路面電車を模った東京都の「都電もなか」、神奈川県湘南地域の「江ノ電もなか」、大阪府堺市の「ちんちん電車もなか」、また富士重工業の自動車を模った、群馬県太田市の「スバル最中」、千葉県成田市の「ぴーなっつ最中」、二輪レースで有名なモリワキのモリワキ最中(モナカ管を模したもの…受注生産)のなど、形状もさまざまである。
• There are various shapes of monaka, for example, those modeling a streetcar such as 'Toden Monaka' in Tokyo, 'Enoden Monaka' in Shonan area of Kanagawa Prefecture, 'Chinchin-densha Monaka' in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, 'Subaru Monaka' modeling an automobile of Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. in Ota City, Gunma Prefecture, 'Peanut Monaka' in Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, and Moriwaki Monaka (modeling a monaka muffler... produced by order) by Moriwaki Engineering Co., Ltd. known for motorcycle races.

• 主務大臣は、第十一条又は前条において準用する第十一条の規定により制定し、又は確認し、若しくは改正した工業標準がなお適正であるかどうかを、その制定又は確認若しくは改正の日から少なくとも五年を経過する日までに調査会の審議に付し、速やかに、これを確認し、又は必要があると認めるときは改正し、若しくは廃止しなければならない。
• By no later than the day which is five (5) years from the date of the enactment, confirmation, or amendment of an Industrial Standard that was enacted, confirmed or amended pursuant to the provisions of Article 11 (or the provisions of Article 11 as applied mutatis mutandis in the preceding article), the competent minister shall have such Industrial Standard deliberated by the Committee as to whether or not it still remains appropriate, and shall promptly confirm that it is or, if it determined necessary, amend or abolish the same.

• 戦後の歴史学において、悪党は封建領主のなかで位置づけられていたが、網野善彦、佐藤進一らが社会的基盤を農業以外に置く手工業民や芸能民などに着目した中世史像を提示すると、悪党の存在もそれらと関連付けて論じられるようになり、20世紀末からは海津一朗らによって元寇や徳政令等の社会変動における悪党の位置づけが試みられている。
• In historical science after the war, akuto was positioned among feudal lords, but when Yoshihiko AMINO, Shinichi SATO, etc. introduced a picture of medieval history focused on craftsmen and entertainers whose social foundations were not agricultural, akuto was discussed in connection with them, and from the end of the 20th century, Ichiro KAIZU and others were attempting to position akuto in the context of social change such as genko and Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts).

• 信用協同組合の組合員たる資格を有する者は、組合の地区内において商業、工業、鉱業、運送業、サービス業その他の事業を行う前条第一項若しくは第二項に規定する小規模の事業者、組合の地区内に住所若しくは居所を有する者又は組合の地区内において勤労に従事する者その他これらに準ずる者として内閣府令で定める者で定款で定めるものとする。
• A person who is qualified to be a member of a credit cooperative shall be a small-scale entrepreneur provided in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article who is engaged in a commercial business, industrial business, mining business, transport business, service business or any other business within the district of the cooperative, a person who has his/her domicile or residence within the district of the cooperative, a person who is engaged in work within the district of the cooperative, or a person who is provided by a Cabinet Office Ordinance as a person equivalent thereto, and who is provided by the articles of association.

• 輸入業者は、第十九条第一項の表示又はこれと紛らわしい表示の付してある鉱工業品（その包装、容器又は送り状に当該表示の付してある場合における当該鉱工業品を含む。）でその輸入に係るものを販売してはならない。ただし、当該表示が同項若しくは同条第二項又は前条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により付されたものである場合は、この限りでない。
• An importer shall not sell any mineral or industrial product on which the label of Paragraph 1 of Article 19 or a confusingly similar label is affixed (including said mineral or industrial products in the case where said label is affixed to its package, container or invoice) pertaining to such importation. However, this shall not apply in cases where such label is affixed pursuant to provisions of the same Paragraph or Paragraph 2 of the same Article or Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 of the preceding Article.

• 機構は、鉱工業承継業務を終えたときは、鉱工業承継勘定を廃止するものと し、その廃止の際鉱工業承継勘定についてその債務を弁済してなお残余財産があるときは、当該残余財産の額を基盤法改正法附則第三条第一項の政府及び政府以 外の者（附則第三条第二項の規定による払戻しを受けた者を除く。）に対し、その出資額に応じて分配するものとする。
• When NEDO's functions related to mining and industry succession have been completed, NEDO shall eliminate the account for functions related to mining and industry succession, and if, after repaying all debts, there are any residual assets in the account for functions related to mining and industry succession upon the elimination thereof, it shall distribute the residual assets to the government and to persons other than the government as set forth in Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Revised Basic Technology Act (excluding those who have received the return under Article 3, paragraph (2) of the Supplementary Provisions), in accordance with the amount of each contributor's capital contribution.

• 現状としては内陸型工業団地としては比較的大規模な長田野工業団地が高度経済成長を経た1974年（昭和49年）に整備着手がなされたことによる、工業や商業が主な福知山の産業になっているが、それらのかつての伝統と歴史を復活させようと総合的な学習の時間で学ばせる教育機関や、そういった活動の趣旨の民間団体が結成されるなどの動きも見られる。
• Currently heavy industries and commerce are the main industries of Fukuchiyama due to the development of Osadano Industrial Park (comparatively large inland industrial parks), which started in 1974 after the rapid economic growth; the development of this park has spawned some movements by educational institutions to implement a comprehensive curriculum to teach former traditions and history, together with the formation of private organizations which aim to carry out such activities.

• 前号に掲げる業務の実施に必要な場合において、地球温暖化（地球温暖化対策の推進に 関する法律（平成十年法律第百十七号）第二条第一項に規定する地球温暖化をいう。）の防止に寄与する事業を行う者に対して、非化石エネルギー、可燃性天然 ガス及び石炭に関する技術並びにエネルギー使用合理化のための技術並びに鉱工業の技術に関する指導を行うこと。
• Where it is necessary for performing the functions listed in the preceding item, providing guidance concerning technology for non-fossil energy, combustible natural gas, and coal; technology required for the rational use of energy; and mining and industrial technology to persons who conduct business activities that contribute to the prevention of global warming (meaning global warming as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (Act No. 117 of 1998)); and

• 直後の1944年4月1日には明石電車区の南側にあった川崎航空機明石工場（現在の川崎重工業明石工場、現在はオートバイの工場だが、当時は陸軍の戦闘機三式戦闘機などを製造していた）への通勤客の輸送手段を確保するため、明石電車区の構内に西明石駅を設置、明石電車区所持者のみの客扱いを開始した（1946年2月1日から一般客の取扱いも開始）。
• On April 1, 1944, the Nishi-Akashi Station was established inside the site of the Akashi Train Depot and started passenger service for season-ticket holders (it started passenger service for people other than season-ticket holders from February 1, 1946) in order to secure the transport of commuters going to Akashi Works of Kawasaki Airplane Manufacturing Company, Ltd. located on the south side of the Akashi Train Depot (current Akashi Works of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. while it is manufacturing motorcycles at present, it was manufacturing Army Type 3 Fighters at the time).

• 何人も、防炎対象物品又はその材料に、前項の規定により表示を附する場合及び工業標準化法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十五号）その他政令で定める法律の規定により防炎対象物品又はその材料の防炎性能に関する表示で総務省令で定めるもの（以下この条において「指定表示」という。）を附する場合を除くほか、同項の表示又はこれと紛らわしい表示を附してはならない。
• Except in cases when affixing a label pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph and when affixing a label relating to the flame retardancy of goods under the flame retardancy requirement or materials thereof, which is specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, pursuant to the provisions of the Industrial Standardization Act (Act No. 185 of 1949) or other Acts specified by Cabinet Order (such label shall hereinafter be referred to as a 'designated label'), no person shall affix a label set forth in said paragraph or any confusingly similar label to goods under the flame retardancy requirement or materials thereof.

• なお、近年まで「幻の都」とされていたが、1954年(昭和29年)より、高校教員であった中山修一を中心として発掘が開始され、翌1955年(昭和30年)、大内裏朝堂院の門跡が発見されたのを皮切りとして、今日までにかなり発掘調査が進み（当該地域で急速な宅地化、工業地化が進み、緊急調査を強いられ続けた側面もあるのだが）、1964年に国の史跡に指定された。
• Nagaoka-kyo had been called the 'phantom capital' until recently, but members led by Shuichi NAKAYAMA, a high school teacher, began to excavate the area in 1954, and the following year, they found the site of the gate of the Daidairi Chodoin (a large hall at the front in the palace); more excavation and research have been done to date (partly because research on the land has been required to meet the increased demand of land for industrial use and housing), and the site has been designated as a National Historical Site since 1964.

• 浅野内匠頭の弟であり、兄の養子に入っていた浅野長広は刃傷発生を知ると即刻伝奏屋敷（現在の東京都千代田区丸の内1-4日本工業倶楽部）から鉄砲州の上屋敷（現在の東京都中央区 (東京都)明石町 (東京都中央区)聖路加国際病院）に駆けつけたが、浅野内匠頭の正室の阿久里（後の瑤泉院）から上野介の生死について問われても答えられないほど狼狽していたといわれる。
• It is said that when Nagahiro ASANO, who was a brother of Asano Takumi no Kami and his adopted son, rushed from the residence for imperial envoys (current location of Japan Industrial Club at 1-4 Marunouchi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo) to the Tepposhu Kamiyashiki (one of the residences granted to the feudal lord) (current location of St. Luke's International Hospital in Akashi-cho, Chuo Ward, Tokyo) as soon as he received the news about the attack, he was in such panic and unable to answer any question from Asano Takumi no Kami's wife Aguri (later known as Yozenin) about Kozuke no suke's survival.

• 都道府県は、前項の規定によるもののほか、首都圏整備法（昭和三十一年法律第八十三号）による都市開発区域、近畿圏整備法（昭和三十八年法律第百二十九号）による都市開発区域、中部圏開発整備法（昭和四十一年法律第百二号）による都市開発区域その他新たに住居都市、工業都市その他の都市として開発し、及び保全する必要がある区域を都市計画区域として指定するものとする。
• In addition to the areas designated in accordance with the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Prefectures shall designated as city planning areas any urban development areas defined under the National Capital Region Development Act (Act No. 83 of 1956), urban development areas defined under the Kinki Region Development Act (Act No. 129 of 1963), urban development areas defined under the Chubu Region Development Act (Act No. 102 of 1966),and any other areas that require new development and preservation as residential cities, industrial cities or as other types of cities.

• 株式（出資を含む。第九項から第十一項までにおいて「株式等」という。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものでないこと。
• Its principal business does not fall under any of the categories of the holding of shares (including capital contributions; referred to as 'shares, etc.' in paragraphs (9) to (11)) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology, or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use such rights) or copyrights (including publication rights, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights), or the lending of vessels or aircraft.

• 1947年の学校教育法制定と1949年の国立学校設置法により、東京高師は文理大と合併し東京教育大学に、広島高等師範学校は広島女子高等師範学校とともに広島文理科大学 (旧制)、広島高等学校 (旧制)、広島工業専門学校 (旧制)等と合併し広島大学に、東京・奈良両女高師は大学に昇格しそれぞれお茶の水女子大学と奈良女子大学に、金沢高等師範学校は金沢大学教育学部になった。
• By the Enactment of School Education Law in 1947 and National School Establishment Law in 1949, Tokyo Higher Normal School and University of Arts and Sciences amalgamated into Tokyo University of Education, Hiroshima Higher Normal School was amalgamated with various institutions including Hiroshima Women's Higher Normal School, Hiroshima University of Arts and Science (old-system), Hiroshima High School (old-system), Hiroshima Technical College (old-system) and promoted to Hiroshima University, further both Tokyo and Nara Women's Higher Normal Schools were promoted to universities, Ochanomizu University and Nara Women's University, respectively and Kanazawa Higher Normal School became Kanazawa University of Education.

• 農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会、船主相互保険組合、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会並びに労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会についての、附則第一条ただし書に掲げる改正規定の施行前に開始した事業年度終了の日における金銭債権等の評価
• Valuation of Monetary Claims, etc. of the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives, ship owner's mutual insurance union, Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, and labor bank and federation of labor banks at the end of the business year starting before the revising provisions listed in the proviso to Article 1 of these Supplementary Provisions come into effect;

• 主務大臣は、この法律を施行するため必要があると認めるときは、第十九条第一項又は第二項の認証を受けた製造業者等（以下「認証製造業者等」という。）に対し、これらの規定により認証を受けた鉱工業品に係る業務に関し報告をさせ、又はその職員に認証製造業者等の工場、事業場その他必要な場所に立ち入り、当該鉱工業品若しくはその原材料若しくはその製造品質管理体制を検査させることができる。
• Whenever the competent minister deems it necessary to enforce this Act, he/she may order the Manufacturer, etc. that obtained the certification as specified in Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 of Article 19 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Manufacturer, etc.') to submit reports on the operations pertaining to the mineral or industrial products certified pursuant to such provisions, or may have the officials thereof enter said plant, workplace or other necessary location of the Certified Manufacturer, etc., and inspect said mineral or industrial product, its raw materials or its manufacturing quality management system.

• 農林中央金庫、商工組合中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組 合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会、船主相互保険組合、信用金庫及び信用金 庫連合会並びに労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会についての、附則第一条ただし書に掲げる改正規定の施行前に開始した事業年度終了の日における金銭債権等の評価
• Valuation of Monetary Claims, etc. of the Norinchukin Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives, ship owner's mutual insurance union, Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, and labor bank and federation of labor banks at the end of the Business Year starting before the revising provisions listed in the proviso to Article 1 of these Supplementary Provisions come into effect;

• 主務大臣は、この法律を施行するため必要があると認めるときは、前条第一項の認証を受けた加工業者（以下「認証加工業者」という。）に対し、同項の規定により認証を受けた加工技術に係る業務に関し報告をさせ、又はその職員に認証加工業者の工場、事業場その他必要な場所に立ち入り、当該加工技術による加工をした鉱工業品若しくはその原材料若しくはその加工品質管理体制を検査させることができる。
• Whenever the competent minister deems it necessary to enforce this Act, he/she may order the processor which obtained the certification of Paragraph 1 of the preceding article (hereinafter referred to as the 'Certified Processor') to submit reports on the operations pertaining to the processing technology certified pursuant to the provisions of the same Paragraph, or may have the officials thereof enter said plant, workplace or other necessary location of the Certified Processor and inspect the mineral or industrial product processed with such processing technology, its raw materials or its processing quality management system.

• 旧機構は、前項の規定によ る請求があったときは、旧石油代替エネルギー法第十六条第一項の規定にかかわらず、当該請求をした者に対し、政令で定める日における旧鉱工業承継勘定に属 する資産の価額から負債の金額を差し引いた額に対する当該請求をした者の持分に相当する金額により払戻しをしなければならない。この場合において、旧機構 は、当該持分に係る出資額により資本金を減少するものとする。
• The former Organization shall, when it has received a demand under the preceding paragraph, redeem to persons who have made said demand, with the amount equivalent to their equity interests against the amount obtained by subtracting the amount of liabilities from the value of assets included in the succeeded former account for mining and industry as of the date specified by Cabinet Order, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 16, paragraph (1) of the Old Act on the Promotion of Development and Introduction of Alternative Energy. In this case, the former Organization shall reduce its stated capital by the amount of capital contributions pertaining to said equity interests.

• 鉱業権、工業所有権その他これらに類する権利の移転又はこれらの権利の使用権の設定（以下この条において「鉱業権等の移転等」という。）に係る契約の当事者たる居住者が当該鉱業権等の移転等のため当該契約に基づいて当該契約の相手方との間で行う金銭の貸付契約又は借入契約のうち、当該貸付契約又は借入契約による債権又は債務の全額と鉱業権等の移転等の対価の全部又は一部との相殺をすることを内容とするもの
• Money loan contracts or debt contracts which a resident who is a party to a contract pertaining to the transfer of the mining right, industrial property right or other right similar thereto or establishment of the right of use of these rights (hereinafter referred to as the 'transfer, etc. of the mining right, etc.' in this Article) with another party to the contract based on the contract for the purpose of the transfer, etc. of the mining right, etc., which are related to the offsetting of the total amount of claims or debts based thereon and the whole or part of considerations for the transfer, etc. of the mining right, etc.

• 水産業については、国民に対して水産物を供給する使命を有するものであることにかんがみ、水産資源を持続的に利用しつつ、高度化し、かつ、多様化する国民の需要に即した漁業生産並びに水産物の加工及び流通が行われるよう、効率的かつ安定的な漁業経営が育成され、漁業、水産加工業及び水産流通業の連携が確保され、並びに漁港、漁場その他の基盤が整備されることにより、その健全な発展が図られなければならない。
• Sound development of fisheries shall, in view of its mission to supply marine products to the citizens, be promoted, while maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resources, by fostering efficient and stable fishery management for the fishery production, processing of marine products and distribution that meet the sophisticated and diversified demands of the citizens, keeping coordination among fishery, fishery processing industry and fishery products marketing, and developing fishing ports, fishing grounds and other infrastructure.

• この法律において「事業 者団体」とは、事業者としての共通の利益を増進することを主たる目的とする二以上の事業者の結合体又はその連合体をいい、次に掲げる形態のものを含む。た だし、二以上の事業者の結合体又はその連合体であつて、資本又は構成事業者の出資を有し、営利を目的として商業、工業、金融業その他の事業を営むことを主 たる目的とし、かつ、現にその事業を営んでいるものを含まないものとする。
• The term 'trade association' as used in this Act means any combination or federation of combinations of two or more entrepreneurs having as its principal purpose the furtherance of their common interest as entrepreneurs and shall include the following; provided, however, that a combination or federation of combinations of two or more entrepreneurs, which has capital, or contribution made by the constituent entrepreneurs, and whose principal purpose is to operate and which is actually operating a commercial, industrial, financial or any other business for profit shall not be included:

• 特例容積率適用地区は、第一種中高層住居専用地域、第二種中高層住居専用地域、第一種住居地域、第二種住居地域、準住居地域、近隣商業地域、商業地域、準工業地域又は工業地域内の適正な配置及び規模の公共施設を備えた土地の区域において、建築基準法第五十二条第一項から第九項までの規定による建築物の容積率の限度からみて未利用となつている建築物の容積の活用を促進して土地の高度利用を図るため定める地区とする。
• Exceptional floor area ratio districts -- adequately situated and located in category 1 medium-rise exclusive residential districts, category 2 medium-rise exclusive residential districts, category 1 residential districts, category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, neighborhood commercial districts, commercial districts, quasi-industrial districts, industrial districts, or exclusive industrial districts that contain land on which public facilities stand -- are districts designated to promote high-level land use by utilizing building floor area deemed unused pursuant floor-area ratio limits provided for in paragraphs (1) through (9), Article 52 of the Building Standards Act.

• そのため現在の台湾の教育・民生・軍事・経済の基盤は当時の日本によって建設されたものが基礎となっていると主張する意見（李登輝など）と、近代化の中の日本の役割を過大評価することは植民地統治の正当化と反発する意見、台湾は日本への農作物供給地として農業を中心に発展させられたため工業発展に遅れたと主張する意見、日本商人の搾取によって富が奪われたとする意見（図解台湾史、台湾歴史図説）も提示されている。
• Therefore, there are different opinions about the ruling by Japan as follows; one opinion is that the infrastructure of Taiwan, such as education, people's livelihood, military and economy, was based upon one built by Japan at that time (Teng-hui LEE and others) and other opposing opinions are that overestimating the role of Japan in modernization leads to a justification for colonial rule, Japan imposed an agriculture-centered policy to make Taiwan a supply source of agricultural products to Japan and it resulted in delaying industrial development and the wealth of Taiwan was deprived by Japanese merchants Taiwan (Illustrated History of Taiwan, Illustration of Taiwanese History).

• この法律において「ものづくり基盤産業」とは、ものづくり基盤技術を主として利用して行う事業が属する業種であって、製造業又は機械修理業、ソフトウェア業、デザイン業、機械設計業その他の工業製品の設計、製造若しくは修理と密接に関連する事業活動を行う業種（次条第一項において「製造業等」という。）に属するものとして政令で定めるものをいい、「ものづくり事業者」とは、ものづくり基盤産業に属する事業を行う者をいう。
• The term 'core manufacturing industry' as used in this Act means the type of business that mainly utilizes core manufacturing technology and that is specified by a Cabinet Order as a type of business that engages in business activities closely related to the design, manufacture or repair of industrial products, such as the manufacturing industry or machine repair industry, software industry, design industry, or machine design industry, (referred to as the 'manufacturing industry, etc.' in paragraph (1) of the following Article) and the term 'manufacturing business operator' as used in this Act means a person who carries out the business of the core manufacturing industry.

• 前項の認証は、鉱工業品の加工業者の申請に係る加工技術による加工をした鉱工業品のうち試験用のものについて製品試験を行うことにより日本工業規格に適合するかどうかを審査するとともに、その加工業者の申請に係る加工技術の加工品質管理体制（加工設備、検査設備、検査方法、品質管理方法その他品質保持に必要な技術的生産条件をいう。以下同じ。）が主務省令で定める基準に適合するかどうかを審査することにより行うものとする。
• The certification of the preceding paragraph shall be granted by evaluating whether or not the processing technology complies with the relevant Japanese Industrial Standards by testing a sample/samples of the mineral or industrial product processed with the processing technology pertaining to the application by the processor of the mineral or industrial product and also by evaluating whether or not the processing quality management system (i.e. the technical conditions for processing required for maintaining quality of the process including processing facilities, inspection facilities, inspection methods, quality management methods, etc.; the same shall apply hereinafter) complies with the criteria specified in the applicable ordinance of competent minister.

• 学校教育法に基づく高等学校若しくは中等教育学校若しくは旧中等学校令（昭和十八年勅令第三十六号）に基づく中等学校を卒業した者又は厚生労働省令で定めるところによりこれらの者と同等以上の学力があると認められる者で、第一項の規定により食品衛生管理者を置かなければならない製造業又は加工業において食品又は添加物の製造又は加工の衛生管理の業務に三年以上従事し、かつ、厚生労働大臣の登録を受けた講習会の課程を修了した者
• A person who has graduated from a high school or secondary education school under the School Education Act or a secondary school under the old Secondary School Ordinance (Imperial Ordinance No. 36 of 1943) or a person who is deemed to have equal or greater academic ability than the above-mentioned persons pursuant to an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and who has been engaged in sanitation management of the production or processing of food or additives for three years or more at production or processing businesses for which full-time food sanitation supervisors are required under paragraph (1), and who has completed courses of training sessions registered by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

• 戦争中に侵害された工業所有権については、日本国は、千九百四十九年九月一日施行の政令第三百九号、千九百五十年一月二十八日施行の政令第十二号及び千九百五十年二月一日施行の政令第九号（いずれも改正された現行のものとする。）によりこれまで与えられたところよりも不利でない利益を引き続いて連合国及びその国民に与えるものとする。但し、前記の国民がこれらの政令に定められた期限までにこの利益の許与を申請した場合に限る。
• With respect to industrial property rights impaired during the war, Japan will continue to accord to the Allied Powers and their nationals benefits no less than those heretofore accorded by Cabinet Orders No. 309 effective September 1, 1949, No. 12 effective January 28, 1950, and No. 9 effective February 1, 1950, all as now amended, provided such nationals have applied for such benefits within the time limits prescribed therein.

• 第十九条第一項及び第二項、第二十条第一項並びに第二十三条第一項から第三項までの登録（以下この章において単に「登録」という。）は、主務省令で定める鉱工業品又はその加工技術の区分（以下この章において単に「鉱工業品又はその加工技術の区分」という。）ごとに、主務省令で定めるところにより、これらの規定による認証（以下この章（第二十七条第一項第一号を除く。）において単に「認証」という。）を行おうとする者の申請により行う。
• The accreditation in Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of Article 19, Paragraph 1 of Article 20 and Paragraph 1 through Paragraph 3 of Article 23 (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to simply as the 'Accreditation') shall be undertaken in response to applications by bodies who are to perform the certification as provided for in the Ordinance of the competent ministry in accordance with such provisions (hereinafter in this Chapter (excluding Item 1 of Paragraph 1 of Article 27) referred to simply as the 'Certification') for each division of mineral or industrial product or its processing technology as specified in the Ordinance of the competent ministry (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to simply as the 'Division of Mineral or Industrial Product or its Processing Technology').

• 光ディスク（日本工業規格Ｘ〇六〇六及びＸ六二八一に適合する直径百二十ミリメートルの光ディスクの再生装置で再生することが可能なものに限る。次条において同じ。）に複写したものの交付　一枚につき二百円に〇・五メガバイトまでごとに二百六十円（法第十条第二項に規定する開示請求（以下「開示請求」という。）に係る年度のファイル記録事項のすべてを複写したものの交付をする場合にあっては、二百メガバイトまでごとに九百円）を加えた額
• Delivery by way of copying information onto an optical disk (limited to an optical disk with a width of 120 millimeters, conforming to JIS X0606 or X6281, which can be read by an optical disk drive; the same shall apply in the following Article):　200 yen per disk plus 260 yen each for every 0.5 MB (in the case of delivery by way of copying all information recorded in the file for the fiscal year for which a request for disclosure has been made as prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'request for disclosure'), 200 yen per disk plus 900 yen each for every 200 MB)

• 毎年高卒者を多く採用する産業で、駐屯地で寄宿生活を行う自衛官や全寮制の訓練機関（海上保安大学校、防衛大学校など）、祝祭日が書き入れ時となる百貨店、スーパーマーケット、外食産業などの小売業や鉄道、観光バスなどの運輸事業、及び業務の性格上交代勤務が多い製鉄、化学工業、繊維、紙、自動車工業などの製造業、電力・都市ガス・電話局などでは、成人の日も勤務となる従業員が多く、市町村が行う成人式に参加できない人も当然多くいる。
• In the case of workers in industries that hire many high school graduates every year, such as retail industries including department stores, supermarkets and restaurants, and the transport industry including railways, sightseeing buses, etc. that make profits on holidays, manufacturing industries including iron manufacturing, chemical industry, textile industry, paper industry and automobile industry in which employees work different shifts due to business characteristics, workers in public services such as electricity, city gas and telephone, Self-Defense Officials who live in a dormitory at a Camp, and trainees at residential training institutions (Japan Coast Guard Academy, National Defense Academy, etc.), many of them have to work even on the Coming-of-Age Day, and obviously cannot participate in the Seijin-shiki ceremony held by municipalities.

• 光ディスク（日本工業規格Ｘ〇六〇六及びＸ六二八一に適合する直径百二十ミリメート ルの光ディスクの再生装置で再生することが可能なものに限る。次条において同じ。）に複写したものの交付　一枚につき二百円に〇・五メガバイトまでごとに 二百六十円（法第十条第二項に規定する開示請求（以下「開示請求」という。）に係る年度のファイル記録事項のすべてを複写したものの交付をする場合にあっ ては、二百メガバイトまでごとに九百円）を加えた額
• Delivery by way of copying information onto an optical disk (limited to an optical disk with a width of 120 millimeters, conforming to JIS X0606 or X6281, which can be read by an optical disk drive; the same shall apply in the following Article):　200 yen per disk plus 260 yen each for every 0.5 MB (in the case of delivery by way of copying all information recorded in the file for the fiscal year for which a request for disclosure has been made as prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'request for disclosure'), 200 yen per disk plus 900 yen each for every 200 MB)

• 高層住居誘導地区は、住居と住居以外の用途とを適正に配分し、利便性の高い高層住宅の建設を誘導するため、第一種住居地域、第二種住居地域、準住居地域、近隣商業地域又は準工業地域でこれらの地域に関する都市計画において建築基準法第五十二条第一項第二号に規定する建築物の容積率が十分の四十又は十分の五十と定められたものの内において、建築物の容積率の最高限度、建築物の建ぺい率の最高限度及び建築物の敷地面積の最低限度を定める地区とする。
• High-rise residential attraction districts are districts in which maximum floor area, maximum building coverage ratio and minimum site area of buildings are established within the floor area ratio of 400% or 500% in city plans concerning category 1 residential districts, category 2 residential districts, quasi-residential districts, neighborhood commercial districts, or quasi-industrial districts as provided for in item (ii), paragraph (1), Article 52 of the Building Standards Act in order to make appropriate divisions between residential and non-residential uses and to attract highly-convenient high-rise residential buildings.

• 地域地区は、土地の自然的条件及び土地利用の動向を勘案して、住居、商業、工業その他の用途を適正に配分することにより、都市機能を維持増進し、かつ、住居の環境を保護し、商業、工業等の利便を増進し、良好な景観を形成し、風致を維持し、公害を防止する等適正な都市環境を保持するように定めること。この場合において、市街化区域については、少なくとも用途地域を定めるものとし、市街化調整区域については、原則として用途地域を定めないものとする。
• Districts and zones shall be stipulated by the adequate allocation of land to residential, commercial, industrial and other uses, giving consideration to the natural conditions of the land and land use trends, so as to maintain and enhance urban functions, while protect the residential environment, increase convenience for commerce, industry etc., developed a favorable landscape, maintain scenic beauty, prevent pollution etc., allowing for maintenance of the urban environment. In these cases, at least use districts shall be stipulated for urbanization promotion areas, and as a rule, use districts shall not be stipulated for urbanization control areas;

• 第一項から第三項までの 規定により機構が鉱工業承継業務を行う場合には、第十九条第一項中「それぞれの勘定」とあるのは「それぞれの勘定並びに附則第九条第四項に規定する鉱工業 承継勘定」と、「第十五条に規定する業務」とあるのは「第十五条に規定する業務及び附則第九条第四項に規定する鉱工業承継業務」と、第二十七条第一号中 「第十五条に規定する業務」とあるのは「第十五条に規定する業務並びに附則第九条第四項に規定する鉱工業承継業務」とする。
• In the case where NEDO performs functions related to mining and industry succession pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) to paragraph (3), the phrase 'each account for the functions listed in Article 17, item (i), item (ii), and item (iv)' in Article 19, paragraph (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'each account for the functions listed in Article 17, item (i), item (ii), and item (iv), and the account for functions related to mining and industry succession as prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions'; the phrase 'the functions prescribed in Article 15' in said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the functions prescribed in Article 15 and functions related to mining and industry succession as prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions'; and the phrase 'those prescribed in Article 15' in Article 27, item (i) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'those prescribed in Article 15 and functions related to mining and industry succession as prescribed in Article 9, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions.'

• 日本工業規格Ｚ二二四五号（ロックウェル硬さ試験方法）で定める測定方法によりＣスケールで測定したロックウェル硬さが四〇以上である歯車を仕上げ加工するよう設計した工作機械であって、ピッチ円直径が一、二五〇ミリメートルを超え、かつ、歯幅がピッチ円直径の一五パーセント以上の平歯車、はすば歯車若しくはやまば歯車のうち国際規格ＩＳＯ一三二八（円筒歯車―ＩＳＯ方式による精度）で定める精度が三級以上のものを仕上げ加工することができるもの又はその部分品、制御装置若しくは附属品
• Machine tools designed for finish processing of gears with a Rockwell hardness of 40 or greater as measured by the C scale according to the measurement methods specified in Japanese Industrial Standard Z2245 (Rockwell hardness testing method), with pitch diameter exceeding 1,250 millimeters and face width with pitch diameter exceeding 15% of spur gears, helical gears, or double-helical gears, that are capable of finish processing with a precision grade of 3 or higher as specified by International Standard ISO 1328 (ISO system of precision for cylindrical gears) or the components, controllers, or accessories thereof.

• 事業者は、作業構台に使用する支柱、作業床、はり、大引き等の主要な部分の鋼材については、日本工業規格Ｇ三一〇一（一般構造用圧延鋼材）、日本工業規格Ｇ三一〇六（溶接構造用圧延鋼材）、日本工業規格Ｇ三一九一（熱間圧延棒鋼）、日本工業規格Ｇ三一九二（熱間圧延形鋼）、日本工業規格Ｇ三四四四（一般構造用炭素鋼鋼管）若しくは日本工業規格Ｇ三四六六（一般構造用角形鋼管）に定める規格に適合するもの又はこれと同等以上の引張強さ及びこれに応じた伸びを有するものでなければ、使用してはならない。
• The employer shall, as regards steel materials for main parts of supports, working floors, girders, sleepers, etc. to be used for working platforms, not use unless they conform to the Japanese Industrial Standard G 3101 (Rolled Steel for General Structure), Japanese Industrial Standard G 3106 (Rolled Steel for Welded Structure) Japanese Industrial Standard G 3191 (Hot Rolled Steel Bar), Japanese Industrial Standard G 3192 (Hot Rolled Steel Sections), Japanese Industrial Standard G 3444 (Carbon Steel Tubes for General Structural Purposes) or Japanese Industrial Standard G 3466 (Carbon Steel Square Pipes for General Structural Purposes), or have the strength and elongation equal to or superior to that prescribed in the said Standards.

• 主務大臣は、前条第二項の規定による検査の結果、第二十条第一項の認証を受けて同項の表示（これと紛らわしい表示を含む。）の付してある鉱工業品（その包装、容器又は送り状に当該表示の付してある場合における当該鉱工業品を含む。以下この項において同じ。）の加工技術がその表示に係る日本工業規格に適合せず、又は当該認証に係る加工技術の加工品質管理体制が適正でないと認めるときは、認証加工業者に対し、当該表示の除去若しくは抹消又は当該表示の付してある鉱工業品の販売の停止を命ずることができる。
• In the case where the competent minister determines, as a result of the inspections conducted pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 2 of the preceding Article, that the processing technology of the mineral or industrial product on which is affixed the label as specified in Paragraph 1 of Article 20 (including a label that may be confusingly similar) is affixed (including mineral or industrial products in the case where such label is affixed on its package, container or invoice; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph) based on the certification granted pursuant to Paragraph 1 of Article 20, does not comply with the Japanese Industrial Standards pertaining to such label or determines that the manufacturing quality management system for the mineral or industrial product pertaining to such certification is not appropriate, the competent minister may order the certified processor to remove or delete said label, or to discontinue the sale of the mineral or industrial product on which is affixed such label.

• 主務大臣は、前条第一項の規定による検査の結果、第十九条第一項若しくは第二項の認証を受けて同条第一項の表示（これと紛らわしい表示を含む。）の付してある鉱工業品（その包装、容器又は送り状に当該表示の付してある場合における当該鉱工業品を含む。以下この項において同じ。）がその表示に係る日本工業規格に適合せず、又は当該認証に係る鉱工業品の製造品質管理体制が適正でないと認めるときは、認証製造業者等に対し、当該表示の除去若しくは抹消又は当該表示の付してある鉱工業品の販売の停止を命ずることができる。
• In the case where the competent minister determines, as a result of the inspections conducted pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 1 of the preceding Article, that a mineral or industrial product on which is affixed the label as specified in Paragraph 1 of Article 19 (including a label that may be confusingly similar) is affixed (including mineral or industrial products in the case where such label is affixed on its package, container or invoice; the same shall apply hereinafter in this paragraph) based on the certification granted pursuant to Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2 of Article 19, does not comply with the Japanese Industrial Standards pertaining to such label or determines that the manufacturing quality management system for the mineral or industrial product pertaining to such certification is not appropriate, the competent minister may order the Certified Manufacturer, etc. to remove or delete said label, or to discontinue the sale of the mineral or industrial product on which is affixed such label.

• 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
• (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.

• 独立行政法人新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構（以下「機構」とい う。）は、非化石エネルギー、可燃性天然ガス及び石炭に関する技術並びにエネルギー使用合理化のための技術並びに鉱工業の技術に関し、民間の能力を活用し て行う研究開発（研究及び開発をいう。以下同じ。）、民間において行われる研究開発の促進、これらの技術の利用の促進等の業務を国際的に協調しつつ総合的 に行うことにより、産業技術の向上及びその企業化の促進を図り、もって内外の経済的社会的環境に応じたエネルギーの安定的かつ効率的な供給の確保並びに経 済及び産業の発展に資することを目的とする。
• The purpose of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Incorporated Administrative Agency (hereinafter referred to as 'NEDO') is to enhance industrial technology and to promote the commercialization thereof by comprehensively performing functions such as promoting R&D (meaning research and development; the same shall apply hereinafter) carried out using skills from the private sector; promoting R&D done by the private sector with regard to technology for non-fossil energies, combustible natural gas, and coal; promoting the technology required for the rational use of energy and technology in mining and industry; and promoting the utilization of such technology in cooperation with the international community; to thereby contribute to ensuring a stable and efficient energy supply in accordance with the changes in the domestic and foreign economic and social environments and to the development of the economy and industry.

• パリ条約（千九百年十二月十四日にブラッセルで、千九百十一年六月二日にワシントンで、千九百二十五年十一月六日にヘーグで、千九百三十四年六月二日にロンドンで、千九百五十八年十月三十一日にリスボンで及び千九百六十七年七月十四日にストックホルムで改正された工業所有権の保護に関する千八百八十三年三月二十日のパリ条約［昭和五〇年三月条約第二号］をいう。以下同じ。）の同盟国、世界貿易機関の加盟国又は商標法条約の締約国の国の紋章その他の記章（パリ条約の同盟国、世界貿易機関の加盟国又は商標法条約の締約国の国旗を除く。）であつて、経済産業大臣が指定するものと同一又は類似の商標
• is identical with, or similar to, the coats of arms or any other State emblems (except national flags of any country of the Union to the Paris Convention, member of the World Trade Organization or Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty) of a country of the Union to the Paris Convention (refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of March 20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 1911, at the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958 and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967; the same shall apply hereinafter), a member of the World Trade Organization or a Contracting Party to the Trademark Law Treaty designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry;

• 事業者は、型わく支保工に使用する支柱、はり又ははりの支持物の主要な部分の鋼材については、日本工業規格Ｇ三一〇一（一般構造用圧延鋼材）、日本工業規格Ｇ三一〇六（溶接構造用圧延鋼材）、日本工業規格Ｇ三四四四（一般構造用炭素鋼鋼管）若しくは日本工業規格Ｇ三三五〇（建築構造用冷間成形軽量形鋼）に定める規格に適合するもの又は日本工業規格Ｚ二二四一（金属材料引張試験方法）に定める方法による試験において、引張強さの値が三百三十ニュートン毎平方ミリメートル以上で、かつ、伸びが次の表の上欄に掲げる鋼材の種類及び同表の中欄に掲げる引張強さの値に応じ、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる値となるものでなければ、使用してはならない。
• The employer shall, as regards steel materials for main parts of supports, girders or supporting members for girders to be used for concrete form shoring, not use those materials unless otherwise conform to the Japanese Industrial Standard, G 3101 (Rolled Steel for General Structure), the Japanese Industrial Standard, G 3106 (Rolled Steel for Welded Structure), the Japanese Industrial Standard, G 3444 (Carbon Steel Tubes for General Structural Purposes), or the Japanese Industrial Standard, G 3350 (Cold-formed Light Gauge Steels for Construction Structure), or those materials of which the value of tensile strength is 330 N/mm2 or more in a test conducted by the method prescribed by the Japanese Industrial Standard, Z2241 (Method of Tensile Test for Metallic Materials), and which have elongation listed in the right column of the following table corresponding to the type of material and value of the tensile strength listed in the left column and the middle column of the same table respectively:

• 居住者は、非居住者（非居住者の本邦にある支店等を含む。以下この条において同じ。）との間で当該非居住者の行う工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利の譲渡、これらに関する使用権の設定又は事業の経営に関する技術の指導に係る契約の締結又は更新その他当該契約の条項の変更（以下この条、第五十五条の六及び第七十条において「技術導入契約の締結等」という。）のうち第三項の規定による審査が必要となる技術導入契約の締結等に該当するおそれがあるものとして政令で定めるものをしようとするときは、政令で定めるところにより、あらかじめ、当該技術導入契約の締結等について、その契約の条項その他の政令で定める事項を財務大臣及び事業所管大臣に届け出なければならない。
• When a resident intends to commit acts of concluding or renewing, with a non-resident (including the Branch Offices, etc. in Japan of non-residents; hereinafter the same shall apply in this article), a contract pertaining to the transfer of industrial property rights or other rights related to technology, establishment of the right to use these rights or guidance on technology related to business management conducted by the non-resident, or acts of making changes in the provision of such a contract (hereinafter referred to as 'Conclusion of a Technology Introduction Contract, etc.' in this article and Articles 55-6 and 70), which are specified by Cabinet Order as being likely to fall under the Conclusion of a Technology Introduction Contract, etc. that requires examination pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3, he/she shall notify in advance, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, the Minister of Finance and the minister having jurisdiction over the business of the provisions of the contract and other matters specified by Cabinet Order in regard to the Conclusion of a Technology Introduction Contract, etc.

• 第一条中特許法第百七条、第百九十五条並びに別表第一号から第四号まで及び第六号の改正規定、第二条中実用新案法第三十一条及び第五十四条の改正規定、第三条中意匠法第四十二条及び第六十七条の改正規定、第四条中商標法第四十条、第四十一条の二、第六十五条の七及び第七十六条の改正規定、第五条中特許協力条約に基づく国際出願等に関する法律第十八条の改正規定、第六条中工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律第四十条の改正規定（同条第一項に係る部分を除く。）並びに第七条及び第八条の規定並びに附則第二条第二項から第六項まで、第三条第二項及び第三項、第四条第一項、第五条第一項、第七条から第十一条まで、第十六条並びに第十九条の規定　平成十六年四月一日
• Revised provisions of Article 107 and Article 195 of the Patent Act and item 1 through item 4 and item 6 of the Appended Table in Article 1; revised provisions of Article 31 and Article 54 of the Utility Model Act in Article 2; revised provisions of Article 42 and Article 67 of the Design Act in Article 3; revised provisions of Article 40, Article 41-2, Article 65-7 and Article 76 of the Trademark Act in Article 4; revised provisions of Article 18 of the Act on International Applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty in Article 5; revised provisions of Article 40 of the Act on Special Provisions of Procedures, etc. concerning Industrial Property Rights in Article 6 (excluding the part pertaining to paragraph 1 in the same Article) and the provisions of Article 7 and Article 8; provisions of paragraph 2 through paragraph 6 of the Article 2 of the Supplementary Provisions, paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 of Article 3, paragraph 1 of Article 4, paragraph 1 of Article 5, Article 7 through Article 11, and Article 16 and Article 19;　April 1 of 2004
• The revised provisions of Article 107, Article 195 and the Appended Table Item 1 through Item 4 and Item 6 of the Patent Act set forth in Article 1; the revised provisions Article 31 and Article 54 of the Utility Model Act set forth in Article 2; the revised provisions of Article 42 and Article 67 of the Design Act set forth in Article 3; the revised provisions of Article 40, Article 41-2, Article 65-7 and Article 76 of the Trademark Act set forth in Article 4; the revised provisions of Article 18 of the Act on International Applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty set forth in Article 5; the revised provisions of Article 40 of the Act on Special Provisions for Procedures related to Industrial Property Rights set forth in Article 6 (excluding the parts pertaining to paragraph 1 of same Article) and the provisions of Article 7 and Article 8 and the Supplementary Provisions Article 2, paragraph 2 through Paragraph 6, Article 3, paragraph 2 and paragraph 3, Article 4, paragraph 1, Article 5, paragraph 1, Article 7 through Article 11, Article 16 and Article 19:　April 1, 2004

• この法律の施行前に終了した営業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しては、なお従前の例による。農林中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会（中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行う協同組合連合会をいう。次条において同じ。）、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会、労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会並びに相互会社（保険業法第二条第五項に規定する相互会社をいう。次条において同じ。）についての、この法律の施行前に終了した事業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しても、同様とする。
• With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared for the fiscal year ending before this Act comes in force, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared by the Norinchukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives (meaning a Federation of Credit Cooperatives that conducts business set forth in Article 9-9, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949); the same shall apply in the following Article), Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, labor bank and federation of labor banks, and Mutual Company (meaning a Mutual Company as defined in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Insurance Services Act; the same shall apply in the following Article) for the business year ending before this Act comes in force.

• 訪問販売に係る売買契約又は役務提供契約を締結するに際し、次に掲げる書面であつ て、購入者又は役務の提供を受ける者（以下この号において「購入者等」という。）が生命保険に関する契約又は生命共済に関する契約（以下「生命保険契約 等」という。）の被保険者又は被共済者（以下「被保険者等」という。）となることに同意する旨記載されているもの（当該生命保険契約等についての同意に関 する事項が赤枠の中に日本工業規格Ｚ八三〇五に規定する八ポイント以上の大きさの赤字で記載されており、かつ当該売買契約又は役務提供契約に関する署名又 は押印とは別に当該生命保険契約等に関する署名及び押印をする欄が設けられているものを除く。）に、当該購入者等の署名又は押印をさせること。
• an act of having a purchaser or a service recipient sign or seal the following documents which contain the entry to be the insured of a life insurance in concluding a sales contract or a service contract pertaining to Door-to-Door Sales (except where matters concerning the consent to the said life insurance are indicated in red letters with a font size of 8 points or larger as provided for in the Japanese Industrial Standard Z 8305 within a red frame and also a space for sign and seal concerning the said life insurance is prepared beside spaces for signs or seals for the a sales contract or a service contract pertaining to Door-to-Door Sales),;

• この法律の施行前に終了した営業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載 事項に関しては、なお従前の例による。農林中央金庫、農業協同組合及び農業協同組合連合会、漁業協同組合、漁業協同組合連合会、水産加工業協同組合及び水 産加工業協同組合連合会、信用協同組合及び信用協同組合連合会（中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行 う協同組合連合会をいう。次条において同じ。）、信用金庫及び信用金庫連合会、労働金庫及び労働金庫連合会並びに相互会社（保険業法第二条第五項に規定す る相互会社をいう。次条において同じ。）についての、この法律の施行前に終了した事業年度について作成すべき監査報告書の記載事項に関しても、同様とす る。
• With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. With regard to matters to be stated in the audit report to be prepared by the Norinchukin Bank, agricultural cooperative, federation of agricultural cooperatives, fisheries cooperative, federation of fisheries cooperatives, fishery processing cooperative and federation of fishery processing cooperatives, credit cooperative and Federation of Credit Cooperatives (meaning a Federation of Credit Cooperatives that conducts business set forth in Article 9-9(1)(i) of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, etc., Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949); the same shall apply in the following Article), Shinkin Bank and federation of Shinkin Banks, labor bank and federation of labor banks, and Mutual Company (meaning a Mutual Company as defined by Article 2(5) of the Insurance Business Act; the same shall apply in the following Article) for the Business Year ending before this Act comes in force.

• 前二項の認証は、鉱工業品の製造業者、輸入業者又は販売業者（以下「製造業者等」という。）の申請に係る鉱工業品のうち試験用のものについて製品試験（日本工業規格に定めるところにより行う鉱工業品に係る試験、分析又は測定をいう。以下同じ。）を行うことにより日本工業規格に適合するかどうかを審査するとともに、その製造業者等の申請に係る鉱工業品の製造品質管理体制（製造設備、検査設備、検査方法、品質管理方法その他品質保持に必要な技術的生産条件をいう。以下同じ。）が主務省令で定める基準に適合するかどうかを審査することにより行うものとする。ただし、当該申請に係る鉱工業品のすべてについて製品試験を行うことにより日本工業規格に適合するかどうかを審査するときは、製造品質管理体制の審査を省略することができる。
• The certification of the preceding two paragraphs shall be granted by evaluating whether or not the mineral or industrial product complies with the relevant Japanese Industrial Standards by conducting product testing (i.e. the test, analysis, or measurement as conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Japanese Industrial Standards; the same shall apply hereinafter) of a sample/samples of such mineral or industrial product that relates to the application by the manufacturer, importer or distributor of the mineral or industrial product (hereinafter referred to as the 'Manufacturer, etc.') and also by evaluating whether or not the manufacturing quality management system (i.e. the technical production conditions required for maintaining quality of products including manufacturing facilities, inspection facilities, inspection methods, quality management methods, etc.; the same shall apply hereinafter) that relates to the application, by the Manufacturer, etc. complies with the criteria specified in the applicable Ordinance of the competent ministry. However, if the evaluation is conducted concerning whether or not the mineral or industrial product complies with the relevant Japanese Industrial Standards by conducting product testing for all of the mineral or industrial products related to said application, the evaluation of the manufacturing quality management system may be omitted.

• 2007年から主要都市間の在来線高速化 (200 - 250km/h) 用にスウェーデンのRegina (鉄道車両)（カナダ・ボンバルディア製）をベースにした中国高速鉄道CRH1型電車（CRHは“China Railway High-Speed”の略）、イタリアのペンドリーノETR600電車（フランス・アルストム製）をベースにした中国高速鉄道CRH5型電車と共にJR東日本の新幹線E2系電車（川崎重工業車両カンパニー製）をベースにした中国高速鉄道CRH2型電車「子弾頭」が、2008年の北京オリンピックに合わせ開業した北京 - 天津市間の北京・天津高速鉄道 (350km/h) にはCRH2型の旅客専用線仕様とドイツのICE（シーメンス製）をベースにした中国高速鉄道CRH3型電車が導入された。
• From 2007, for the high-speed train-cars (200 km/h to 250 km/h) on existing railway lines, CRH1-type train-cars (CRH is the abbreviation of 'China Railway High-Speed'), based on Regina in Sweden (from Bombardier in Canada), CRH5-type train-cars, based on Pendolino ETR600 train cars in Italy (from Alsthom in France), and CRH2-type train-cars, 'kodanto' (bullet), based on E2 Shinkansen train-cars (from Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company), have been introduced, and then for Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway that started operation between Beijing and Tianjin City for the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, CRH3-type train-cars, based on the CRH2-type passenger train-car specifications and on ICE in Germany (from Siemens), have been introduced.

• 次に掲げる特許権又は特許を受ける権利について特許法第百七条第一項の規定により納付すべき特許料、同法第百九十五条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により納付すべき手数料又は工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律（平成二年法律第三十号）第四十条第一項の規定により納付すべき手数料に関する特許法第百七条第二項の規定、同法第百九十五条第四項及び第五項の規定（これらの規定を特許協力条約に基づく国際出願等に関する法律（昭和五十三年法律第三十号）第十八条第四項において準用する場合を含む。）又は工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律第四十条第三項及び第四項の規定の適用については、国立大学法人（国立大学法人法第二条第一項に規定する国立大学法人をいう。）、大学共同利用機関法人又は独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構（以下この条において「国立大学法人等」という。）は、国とみなす。
• In application of paragraph 2 of Article 107 concerning the patent fees that should be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 107 of the Patent Act, the fees that should be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of Article 195 of the same Act, or fees that should be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 40 of the Act on Special Measures for Procedures, etc. Regarding Industrial Property Rights, (Act No. 30 of 1990), paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 (including cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis to the Act on International Applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (Act No. 30 of 1978), Article 18, paragraph 4), and the provisions of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of Article 40 of the Act on Special Measures for Procedures, etc. Regarding Industrial Property Rights, ,incorporated national university (meaning the incorporated national university prescribed in the Incorporated National University Act, Article 2, paragraph 1), Inter-University Research Institute, or Institute of National Colleges of Technology [Incorporated Administrative Agencies] (hereinafter referred to in this Articles as 'Incorporated National University, etc.') shall be deemed as the national government.

• 特殊関係株主等である居住者に係る特定外国法人（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国法人の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign corporation related to a resident who is a specially-related shareholder, etc. (excluding a corporation engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to as the 'case where a specified foreign corporation has a fixed facility' in the next paragraph), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign corporation.'

• 特殊関係株主等である内国法人に係る特定外国法人（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国法人の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign corporation related to a domestic corporation that is a specially-related shareholder, etc. (excluding a corporation engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to as the 'case where a specified foreign corporation has a fixed facility' in the next paragraph), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign corporation.'

• 特殊関係株主等である連結法人に係る特定外国法人（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国法人の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign corporation related to a consolidated corporation that is a specially-related shareholder, etc. (excluding a corporation engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to in the next paragraph as the 'case where a specified foreign corporation has a fixed facility'), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign corporation.'

• 第一項各号に掲げる居住者に係る特定外国子会社等（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国子会社等の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. related to a resident listed in each item of paragraph (1) (excluding a company engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to in the next paragraph as the 'case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. has a fixed facility'), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign subsidiary, etc.'

• 第一項各号に掲げる内国法人に係る特定外国子会社等（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国子会社等の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. related to a domestic corporation listed in each item of paragraph (1) (excluding a company engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to as the 'case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. has a fixed facility' in the next paragraph), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign subsidiary, etc.'

• 第一項各号に掲げる連結法人に係る特定外国子会社等（株式（出資を含む。）若しくは債券の保有、工業所有権その他の技術に関する権利、特別の技術による生産方式若しくはこれらに準ずるもの（これらの権利に関する使用権を含む。）若しくは著作権（出版権及び著作隣接権その他これに準ずるものを含む。）の提供又は船舶若しくは航空機の貸付けを主たる事業とするものを除く。）がその本店又は主たる事務所の所在する国又は地域においてその主たる事業を行うに必要と認められる事務所、店舗、工場その他の固定施設を有し、かつ、その事業の管理、支配及び運営を自ら行つているものである場合（次項において「固定施設を有するものである場合」という。）における第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「調整を加えた金額」とあるのは、「調整を加えた金額から当該特定外国子会社等の事業に従事する者の人件費として政令で定める費用の額の百分の十に相当する金額を控除した金額」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of paragraph (1) in the case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. related to a consolidated corporation listed in each item of paragraph (1) (excluding a company engaged in, as its principal business, the holding of shares (including capital contributions) or bonds, the provision of industrial property rights or any other rights concerning technology, production methods involving special technology or any other equivalent rights or methods (including the right to use these rights) or copyrights (including rights of publication, neighboring rights and any other equivalent rights) or the lending of vessels or aircrafts) has an office, store, factory or any other fixed facility that is considered to be necessary for conducting its principal business in the state or territory where its head office or principal office is located, and takes charge of managing, controlling and operating the business by itself (referred to as the 'case where a specified foreign subsidiary company, etc. has a fixed facility' in the next paragraph), the phrase 'amount that is adjusted' in the said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'amount that is adjusted,..., after deducting therefrom the amount equivalent to ten percent of the amount of expense specified by a Cabinet Order as a personnel expense for people engaged in the business at the said specified foreign subsidiary, etc.'

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びにこれらに類する者として政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• A person who, at the time of the enforcement of this Act, has been an official (excluding a chairperson and a member of councils, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act [Act No. 120 of 1948], a member of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, a chairperson and a member of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified as similar persons by a Cabinet Order) of the prior and existing Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as a 'Prior and Existing Ministry or Agency' in this Article) shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a relevant official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'New Ministry or Agency' in this Article), or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which said official belongs at the time of the enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.
• Any employee (excluding presidents, chairpersons and members of councils, etc. in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), committee members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and committee members of Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and persons prescribed by a Cabinet Order as being similar to these persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of the effective date of this Act shall become the corresponding employee of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or Ministry of Environment (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Office or Ministry' in this Article), or a bureau or institution established under the Current Office or Ministry prescribed by a Cabinet Order as corresponding to the Former Office or Ministry, or a bureau or institution established after the enforcement of this Act under the Former Office or Ministry to which said employee belongs at the time of the effective date of this Act, with the same working conditions, provided that a separate letter of appointment has not been issued.
• Any person who is actually the official of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office/Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act (excluding the president or chairperson and members of a council, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Administrative Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by Cabinet Order as similar thereto) shall be the corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office/Ministry' in this article) or a department or organization thereunder, which is specified by Cabinet Order as the New Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder to which the official actually belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, unless a letter of appointment is otherwise issued.

• この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、 厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省（以下この条において「従前の府省」という。）の職員（国家行政組織法（昭和 二十三年法律第百二十号）第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びに　これらに類する者と して政令で定めるものを除く。）である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、 財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省（以下この条において「新府省」という。）又はこれに置かれる部局若 しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは 機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
• Persons who were actually the officials of the former Prime Minister's Office and former Ministries of Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Health and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, International Trade and Industry, Transport, Posts and Telecommunications, Labor, Construction, or Home Affairs (herein after referred in this Article as 'Former Office and Ministries') before the enforcement of this Act (except for presidents, chairpersons and members of the councils, etc. specified by Article 8 of National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and other similar persons specified by the Cabinet Order) shall be reasonable officials of the organs that are prescribed by the Cabinet Order and are equivalent to Former Office and Ministries they formerly served among the Cabinet Office and Ministries of Internal Affairs and Communications, Justice, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Health, Labour and Welfare, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Economy, Trade and Industry, Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Environment (herein after referred in this Article as 'New Office and Ministries') after the enforcement of this Act or departments and bureaus formed in New Office and Ministries on the same working conditions unless other appointments are announced.
• A person who is an official (excluding, however, the chairperson and members of the Council, etc. under Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948)), the members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, the chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by a Cabinet Order as similar persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office or Ministry' in this Article) or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which the said official belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.

• 経済産業大臣は、居住者による特定資本取引（第二十条第二号に掲げる資本取引（同条第十二号の規定により同条第二号に準ずる取引として政令で定めるものを含む。）のうち、貨物を輸出し、又は輸入する者が貨物の輸出又は輸入に直接伴つてする取引又は行為として政令で定めるもの及び鉱業権、工業所有権その他これらに類する権利の移転又はこれらの権利の使用権の設定に係る取引又は行為として政令で定めるもの（短期の国際商業取引の決済のための資本取引として政令で定めるものを除く。）をいう。以下同じ。）が何らの制限なしに行われた場合には、我が国が締結した条約その他の国際約束を誠実に履行することを妨げ、若しくは国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与することを妨げることとなる事態を生じ、この法律の目的を達成することが困難になると認めるとき又は第十条第一項の閣議決定が行われたときは、政令で定めるところにより、当該特定資本取引を行おうとする居住者に対し、当該特定資本取引を行うことについて、許可を受ける義務を課することができる。
• When the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds that if specified capital transactions by a resident (meaning capital transactions listed in Article 20, item 2 (including those specified by Cabinet Order as transactions equivalent to item 2 of the said article pursuant to the provision of item 12 of the said article), which are specified by Cabinet Order as transactions or acts committed by a person who imports or exports goods directly accompanying the import or export of the goods, or which are specified by Cabinet Order as transactions or acts pertaining to the transfer of the mining right, industrial property right or other right equivalent thereto or establishment of the right to use these rights (excluding those specified by Cabinet Order as capital transactions to settle short-term international commercial transactions)), are conducted without any restrictions, it will cause a situation that prevents Japan from sincerely fulfilling obligations under the treaties and other international agreements it has signed or from making its contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace, which will make it difficult to achieve the purpose of this Act, or when a cabinet decision set forth in Article 10, paragraph 1 has been made, he/she may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a person who intends to commit the specified capital transactions, the obligation to obtain permission for the implementation of the specified capital transactions.

• 承認事業者が国立大学法人（国立大学法人法第二条第一項に規定する国立大学法人をいう。）、大学共同利用機関法人（同条第三項に規定する大学共同利用機関法人をいう。）又は独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構から譲渡を受けた特許権若しくは特許を受ける権利（産業技術力強化法（平成十二年法律第四十四号）附則第三条第一項各号に掲げるものに限る。）又は当該特許を受ける権利に基づいて取得した特許権（平成十九年三月三十一日までにされた特許出願（同年四月一日以後にする特許出願であって、特許法第四十四条第二項（同法第四十六条第五項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により同年三月三十一日までにしたものとみなされるものを除く。）に係るものに限る。）であって承認事業者に属するものについて特許法第百七条第一項の規定により納付すべき特許料、同法第百九十五条第一項若しくは第二項の規定により納付すべき手数料又は工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律第四十条第一項の規定により納付すべき手数料の納付については、承認事業者を国とみなして特許法第百七条第二項、第百九十五条第四項及び第五項並びに工業所有権に関する手続等の特例に関する法律第四十条第三項及び第四項の規定を適用する。
• Concerning the payment of patent fees to be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 107 of the Patent Act, the fees to be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of Article 195 of the same Act, or the fees to be paid pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 40 of the Act on Special Provisions of Procedures, etc. concerning Industrial Property Rights, with respect to patent rights or the right to receive a patent (limited to those listed in the items of paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Supplementary Provisions of Industrial Technology Enhancement Act (Act No. 44 of 2000)) or to patent rights obtained based on the right to receive said patent (limited to those pertaining to patent application filed on or before March 31, 2007 (excluding those filed on or after April 1 of the same year, but deemed, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 44 of the Patent Act (including those cases that paragraph 5 of Article 46 of the same Act apply mutatis mutandis thereto), to have been filed on or before March 31 of the same year)), the assignment of which rights having been received by an Accredited TLO from a National University Corporation (referring to a National University Corporation provided in paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the National University Corporation Act), an Inter-University Research Institute Corporation (referring to an Inter-University Research Institute Corporation provided in paragraph 3 of the same Article), or from a Institute of National Colleges of Technology [Incorporated Administrative Agency], and said rights belonging to the Accredited TLO, under these conditions the Accredited TLO shall be deemed to be the State and the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 107, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 of Article 195 of the Patent Act as well as paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of Article 40 of the Act on Special Provisions for Procedures, etc. concerning Industrial Property Rights shall be applied.

• 意匠登録出願人は、自己の意匠登録出願に係る意匠又は自己の登録意匠のうちから選択した一の意匠（以下「本意匠」という。）に類似する意匠（以下「関連意匠」という。）については、当該関連意匠の意匠登録出願の日（第十五条において準用する特許法（昭和三十四年法律第百二十一号）第四十三条第一項又は第四十三条の二第一項若しくは第二項の規定による優先権の主張を伴う意匠登録出願にあつては、最初の出願若しくは千九百年十二月十四日にブラッセルで、千九百十一年六月二日にワシントンで、千九百二十五年十一月六日にヘーグで、千九百三十四年六月二日にロンドンで、千九百五十八年十月三十一日にリスボンで及び千九百六十七年七月十四日にストックホルムで改正された工業所有権の保護に関する千八百八十三年三月二十日のパリ条約第四条Ｃ（４）の規定により最初の出願とみなされた出願又は同条Ａ（２）の規定により最初の出願と認められた出願の日。以下この項において同じ。）がその本意匠の意匠登録出願の日以後であつて、第二十条第三項の規定によりその本意匠の意匠登録出願が掲載された意匠公報（同条第四項の規定により同条第三項第四号に掲げる事項が掲載されたものを除く。）の発行の日前である場合に限り、第九条第一項又は第二項の規定にかかわらず、意匠登録を受けることができる。
• Notwithstanding Article 9(1) or (2), an applicant for design registration may obtain design registration of a design that is similar to another design selected from the applicant's own designs either for which an application for design registration has been filed or for which design registration has been granted (hereinafter the selected design is referred to as the 'Principal Design' and a design similar to it is referred to as a 'Related Design'), if the filing date of the application for design registration of the Related Design (or when the application for design registration of the Related Design contains a priority claim under Article 43(1), 43-2(1) or 43-2(2) of the Patent Act (Act No. 121 of 1959) as applied mutatis mutandis under Article 15 of this Act, the filing date of the earliest application, the filing date of an application that is deemed to be the earliest application under Article 4.C(4) of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of March 20, 1883, as revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 1911, at Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958, and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, or the filing date of an application that is recognized as the earliest application under Article 4.(A)2 of the Paris Convention, hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) is on or after the filing date of the application for design registration of the Principal Design and before the date when the design bulletin in which the application for design registration of the Principal Design is published under Article 20(3) (except for a design bulletin in which the matters listed in Article 20(3)(iv) were published under Article 20(4)) is issued.

• ものづくり基盤技術は、我が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を支えることにより、生産の拡 大、貿易の振興、新産業の創出、雇用の増大等国民経済のあらゆる領域にわたりその発展に寄与するとともに、国民生活の向上に貢献してきた。また、ものづく り基盤技術に係る業務に従事する労働者は、このようなものづくり基盤技術の担い手として、その水準の維持及び向上のために重要な役割を果たしてきた。我ら は、このようなものづくり基盤技術及びこれに係る業務に従事する労働者の果たす経済的社会的役割が、国の存立基盤を形成する重要な要素として、今後におい ても変わることのないことを確信する。しかるに、近時、就業構造の変化、海外の地域における工業化の進展等による競争条件の変化その他の経済の多様かつ構 造的な変化による影響を受け、国内総生産に占める製造業の割合が低下し、その衰退が懸念されるとともに、ものづくり基盤技術の継承が困難になりつつある。 このような事態に対処して、我が国の国民経済が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を通じて今後とも健全に発展していくためには、ものづくり基盤技術に関 する能力を尊重する社会的気運を醸成しつつ、ものづくり基盤技術の積極的な振興を図ることが不可欠である。ここに、ものづくり基盤技術の振興に関する施策 を総合的かつ計画的に推進するため、この法律を制定する。
• By way of supporting the development of the manufacturing industry, which is Japan's fundamental industry, core manufacturing technology has contributed to the development of all areas of the national economy such as expansion of production, promotion of trade, creation of new industries, and increase in employment, and has contributed to improving the lives of the citizenry. In addition, workers engaged in operations pertaining to core manufacturing technology have played an important role in maintaining and improving the level of the technology in their capacity as supporters of such core manufacturing technology. We believe that the economic and social role of such core manufacturing technology and workers who engage in operations pertaining thereto will continue to be an important element in the foundation of the existence of the State in the future. Recently, however, due to changes in the employment structure, changes in competitive conditions resulting from factors like the progress of industrialization overseas, and other diverse and structural changes in the economy, the share of the manufacturing industry in Japan's gross domestic product has fallen, and concerns about a decline in the industry have grown, and the smooth succession of core manufacturing technology is becoming difficult. In order to deal with such a situation and to maintain the sound development of Japan's national economy through the development of the manufacturing industry, which is a fundamental to the State, that the active promotion of core manufacturing technology is indispensable, while a social tendency to respect abilities related to core manufacturing technology is enhanced. We hereby establish this Act so as to drive forward measures for the promotion of core manufacturing technology in a comprehensive and organized manner.

• この節の規定若しくは農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第九十二条第五項、公認会計士法第三十四条の二十第六項、水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）第百二十一条第五項、中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第三十三条第七項（輸出水産業の振興に関する法律（昭和二十九年法律第百五十四号）第二十条並びに中小企業団体の組織に関する法律（昭和三十二年法律第百八十五号）第五条の二十三第三項及び第四十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、弁護士法（昭和二十四年法律第二百五号）第三十条の二十八第六項（同法第四十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、船主相互保険組合法（昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号）第五十五条第三項、司法書士法（昭和二十五年法律第百九十七号）第四十五条の二第六項、土地家屋調査士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号）第四十条の二第六項、商品取引所法（昭和二十五年法律第二百三十九号）第十一条第九項、行政書士法（昭和二十六年法律第四号）第十三条の二十の二第六項、投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律（昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号）第四十八条の二第三項（同法第四十九条の十三第二項及び第三項並びに第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。）及び第百八十六条の二第四項、税理士法第四十八条の十九の二第六項（同法第四十九条の十二第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、信用金庫法（昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号）第八十七条の四第四項、輸出入取引法（昭和二十七年法律第二百九十九号）第十五条第六項（同法第十九条の六において準用する場合を含む。）、中小漁業融資保証法（昭和二十七年法律第三百四十六号）第五十五条第五項、労働金庫法（昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号）第九十一条の四第四項、鉱工業技術研究組合法（昭和三十六年法律第八十一号）第九条第七項、農業信用保証保険法（昭和三十六年法律第二百四号）第四十八条の三第五項（同法第四十八条の九第七項において準用する場合を含む。）、社会保険労務士法（昭和四十三年法律第八十九号）第二十五条の二十三の二第六項、外国証券業者に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第五号）第二十三条第六項、森林組合法（昭和五十三年法律第三十六号）第八条の二第五項、銀行法第四十九条の二第二項、金融先物取引法（昭和六十三年法律第七十七号）第八十四条第七項、保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第六十七条の二及び第二百十七条第三項、資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百九十四条第四項及び第二百八十八条第三項、弁理士法（平成十二年法律第四十九号）第五十三条の二第六項、農林中央金庫法（平成十三年法律第九十三号）第九十六条の二第四項並びに信託業法第五十七条第六項（以下この節において「電子公告関係規定」と総称する。）において準用する第九百五十五条第一項の規定又はこの節の規定に基づく命令に違反し、罰金以上の刑に処せられ、その執行を終わり、又は執行を受けることがなくなった日から二年を経過しない者
• a person who has been sentenced to a fine or a severer punishment for the violation of the provisions of this Section or the provisions of Article 955(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 92(5) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), Article 34-20(6) of the Certified Public Accountants Act, Article 121(5) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), Article 33(7) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 of the Export Fisheries Promotion Act (Act No. 154 of 1954) and Article 5-23(3) and Article 47(2) of the Act on Organizations of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (Act No. 185 of 1957)), Article30-28(6) of the Attorneys Act (Act No. 205 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43(3) of that Act), Article 55(3) of the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), Article 45-2(6) of the Judicial Scrivener Act (Act No. 197 of 1950), Article 40-2(6) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No. 228 of 1950), Article 11(9) of the Commodity Exchange Act (Act No. 239 of 1950), Article 13-20-2(6) of the Administrative Scrivener Act (Act No. 4 of 1951), Article 48-2(3) of the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-13(2) and (3) and Article 59 of that Act) and Article 186-2(4) of that Act, Article 48-19-2(6) of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-12(3) of that Act), Article 87-4(4) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), Article 15(6) of the Export and Import Transaction Act (Act No. 299 of 1952) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 19-6 of that Act), Article 55(5) of the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry (Act No. 346 of 1952), Article 91-4(4) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), Article 9(7) of the Act on Research and Development Partnership concerning Mining and Manufacturing Technology (Act No. 81 of 1961), Article 48-3(5) of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act (Act No. 204 of 1961) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 48-9(7) of that Act), Article 25-23-2(6) of the Act on Public Consultants on Social and Labor Insurance (Act No. 89 of 1968), Article 23(6) of the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers (Act No. 5 of 1971), Article 8-2(5) of the Forestry Partnership Act (Act No. 36 of 1978), Article 49-2(2) of the Banking Act, Article 84(7) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 77 of 1988), Article 67-2 and Article 217(3) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), Article 194(4) and Article 288(3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998), Article 53-2(6) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No. 49 of 2000), Article 96-2(4) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 93 of 2001) and Article 57(6) of the Trust Business Act (hereinafter collectively referred to as the 'Electronic Public Notice Related Provisions' in this Section) or the violation of an order based on the provisions this Section and where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the execution of the sentence has been completed or the sentence has become no longer applicable;