展: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 展開期
- Development period
- Development Stage
- 乱の展開
- Evolution of the war
- Development of the War
- 発生と発展
- Origin and development
- 今後の展望
- Prospects for the future
- 歴史的展開
- Historical Development
- 成立と展開
- Establishment and development
- 隈取の発展
- Development of Kumadori
- 発展期の古筆
- Ancient Japanese calligraphy in the developing period
- 将軍塚展望台
- Shogunzuka viewing platform
- 後世への展開
- Expand to posterity
- Development and usage
- 京ものの大発展
- Great Progress in Kyomono
- いろは丸展示館
- Irohamaru Tenjikan (literally, The Iroha-maru Sailboat Exhibition Hall)
- 加工紙技術の発展
- The Development of the Technique for Processed Paper
- 中国における展開
- Development in China
- 埋蔵文化財展示室
- Exhibition Room of Archaeological Cultural Asset
- 神仏習合の新展開
- Development of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
- 歴史・成立から展開
- History - From establishment to development
- - 東京都で展開。
- The chain opens in Tokyo.
- 唐物の展示場として
- As the exhibition hall of karamono
- アジア各地への展開
- Expansion into Asia
- 発展期(明治・大正)
- The developing period (Meiji and Taisho period)
- 王朝国家の成立・発展
- Establishment and development of dynastic polity
- 10月、第8回日展。
- October: The eighth Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第9回日展。
- October: The ninth Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第7回日展。
- October: The seventh Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第6回日展。
- October: The sixth the Nitten exhibition was held
- 日本美術展覧会(日展)
- The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition (Nitten)
- 多店舗展開・グループ化
- Opening restaurants, and forming the Group
- 11月、第13回日展。
- November: The thirteenth Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第12回日展。
- October: The twelfth Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第11回日展。
- October: The eleventh Nitten exhibition was held
- 10月、第10回日展。
- October: The tenth Nitten exhibition was held
- 和算の発展に関わった人物
- People who Contributed to the Development of Wasan
- 360度の展望が開ける。
- The mountain provides a 360-degree view.
- 趣味:京の街を展望すること
- Hobby: Looking out over the city of Kyoto
- 「田舎の舞方」からの発展説
- Developed from country mekata' theory
- 1998年に初の個展を開く。
- In 1998, he held an one-person exhibition for the first time.
- 4.現代いけばな展(円山公園)
- 4. Contemporary Ikebana exhibits (Maruyama Park)
- -寺宝を展示する宝物館である。
- It is a treasure house in which temple's treasures are exhibited.
- 7月、「謙慎書道会」第1回展。
- July: The first exhibition of Kenshin Shodo-kai was held.
- 丸木、伏竹からくる発展的な作り。
- It was the structure developed from the maruki and fuseta bows.
- 茶の資料や 製茶道具を展示する。
- Information of tea and tea processing tools are displayed.
- 「六書展覧会」開催(渡辺沙鴎)。
- 'Rikusho Exhibition' was held (by Sao WATANABE).
- 中林梧竹遺墨展(東京府美術館)。
- The exhibition of calligraphic works Gochiku NAKABAYASHI left was held (at Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum).
- 11月、「日満親善書道展」開催。
- November: 'Calligraphic exhibition for rapprochement between Japan and Manchuria) was held.
- 醤油は日本で発展した調味料である。
- Soy-sauce is a seasoning which has been developed in Japan.
- また復元楽器が、首里城公園で展示。
- Also, reproduction instruments are on display at Shuri-jo Castle park.
- - 川崎市と沖縄県にのみ展開する。
- The chain opens only in Kawasaki city and Okinawa Prefecture.
- 変奏曲のような展開をとるものが多い。
- Many of them take a form like a variation.
- 収集展示施設(博物館法による博物館)
- Facility for exhibition of collections (museums under the Museum Law)
- 現在は東京の美術館で展示されている。
- Today, it is on display in a museum in Tokyo.
- 「旧劇」と呼ばれるものから発展した。
- Jidaigeki evolved from what was known as 'Kyugeki'(old drama).
- 発展系の中には金色に輝くものもある。
- Among the advanced types, there is one that sparkles in gold.
- 10月、第5回日展(東京都美術館)。
- October: The fifth Nitten exhibition (Japan Fine Arts Exhibition) was held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum.
- 市街地は東西で分かれて発展している。
- Development within the city is split between the east and west.
- のちに野袴、山袴、裁付などに発展した。
- It later evolved into nobakama (literally, hakama for fields), yamabakama (literally, hakama for mountains), tattsuke (hakama for work) and so on.
- 江戸時代に日本の数学は大いに発展した。
- During the Edo period mathematics greatly developed in Japan.
- 江戸時代に歌舞伎の伴奏音楽として発展。
- Nagauta developed as a form of music performed in conjunction with Kabuki (a type of drama).
- ソウルの繁華街の10000倍の発展だ。
- The size of the downtown area is 10000 times that of Seoul.
- 10月、第1回「日本美術展覧会」開催。
- October: The first 'Japan Fine Arts Exhibition' was held.
- 6月、渡辺沙鴎遺作展(東京・鳩居堂)。
- June: The exhibition of works Sao WATANABE left was held (at Kyukyodo in Tokyo).
- 日本では篆刻作品は書展に出品されている。
- In Japan the works of tenkoku are presented at calligraphy exhibitions.
- 妻戸を軽量化した発展的形態と考えられる。
- It is apparently a lightweight form developed from tsumado.
- 2000年頃、築地銀だこが全国展開した。
- Around 2000, Tsukiji Gindaco began to expand its business throughout Japan.
- 鍋から取り出して平たく展ばして冷却する。
- Then take it out of the pot and make it flat, expand it and let it cool.
- 京都写真家協会展(京都府立文化芸術会館)
- The Kyoto Photographers' Society Exhibition (Kyoto Prefectural Center for Arts and Culture)
- 「戊辰書道会」第1回展(日本美術協会)。
- The first exhibition of the Boshin (戊辰) Shodo-kai association was held (at the Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai).
- 戦乱の続く京を尻目に平泉は発展を続けた。
- Hiraizumi continued to develop in contrary to Kyoto, where battles incessantly went on.
- これは建部とならんで日本初の無限級数展開。
- Alongside with that of Katahiro TAKEBE, this was the first time infinite series expansion was defined in Japan.
- 明治から大正時代には食品店なども展開した。
- From the Taisho era to the Meiji era, it developed into a food shop.
- 地歌と箏曲は同時に発展していくことになる。
- Consequently, jiuta and sokyoku began to develop together.
- この時期は摂関家による摂関政治が展開した。
- At that time, regency performed by Sekkan-ke developed.
- 市場の成立や交通の整備は都市の発展を促す。
- The founding of and subsequent commerce at markets spurred cities to grow and develop.
- 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
- The Kyoto Student Festival and ART UNIV. started.
- 上記の王府からの発展で「使府」ともいった。
- It then evolved from the above Wang Fu, also called 'Shi Fu (Official Posts).'
- 続きもの(作品が数話に渡って展開されるもの)
- Serial comic (A work is developed with several episodes.)
- 5.大学のまち京都・伝統の灯り展(円山公園)
- 5. Academic city Kyoto, Traditional light exhibits (Maruyama Park)
- 東龍そばは、こってり系の発展系と考えられる。
- Toryu noodle is considered to be evolved from the thick soup type.
- 通し矢の発展とともに道具も改良されていった。
- As Toshiya progressed, so too did its tools evolve.
- 平安時代に入ってからその状況は一層進展した。
- This tendency was exacerbated further during the Heian period.
- 三開重差…級数展開などの高等数学に関する書。
- Sankaijusa: A document related to advanced mathematics such as series expansion.
- また、70余点におよぶ鳴鶴遺墨展を併催した。
- In addition, an exhibition to show seventy plus calligraphic works that Meikaku left was held as well in the same location.
- 1月、「関西書道会」第1回展(大阪・三越)。
- January: The first exhibition of 'Kansai Shodo-kai' was held (at Mitsukoshi in Osaka).
- そのために、発展が遅れているとの指摘もある。
- It has been pointed out that such a situation has hampered development in the city.
- 下駄の新たなデザイン展開として提示されている。
- This is presented as evolution of new design of Geta.
- 割高台 - 祭器から発展したもので高台に特徴。
- Warikodai: tea bowls that developed from items used in religious rituals and have a distinctive kodai.
- 一コマ漫画(1コマの中で話題が展開されるもの)
- Single frame comic (A topic develops within one frame.)
- 古武道と同じく、江戸時代に発展したものが多い。
- Same as the kobudo (classical material arts), many of them were developed in the Edo period.
- また劇場とは関係なく純音楽として発展して来た。
- Moreover, they have developed as pure music independent of theater.
- 鉄道網整備の進展とともに、湖上運送が衰退する。
- Along with progress of development of railway network, transportation by lake declined.
- 惣追捕使はその後、守護制度へと発展していった。
- After this, the system of using Sotsuibushi developed into the Shugo (provincial constable) system.
- これはマスメディアの発展と無関係とはいえまい。
- This was linked with the development of a mass media.
- それと同時に表具の技術技巧が著しく発展を遂げた。
- At the same time, the technique of mounting developed significantly.
- また、高級料亭としては珍しく多店舗展開している。
- It was rare for a high-class Japanese-restaurant to open so many branches.
- 桂離宮は、回遊式の庭園が池を中心に展開している。
- The Katsura Imperial Villa is formed in the center of a circuit style garden.
- こうして箏曲が再び独自に発展を始めることになる。
- Thus sokyoku again began to develop on its own.
- 現在では都市イベントにまで発展している例も多い。
- Up to now, many of them have developed into city events.
- 白河に続く鳥羽天皇も、白河以上の専制を展開した。
- Emperor Toba, the successor of Shirakawa, dominated more strongly than Shirakawa.
- 発展期には全国に255校、ほぼ全藩につくられた。
- During the developing period, 255 schools were established all over Japan, in nearly every domain.
- 展覧会「日本いけばな芸術展」を主催(2年に1回)
- Sponsors 'Nihon Ikebana Geijutsu Exhibition' (twice a year).
- 5月、「健筆会」第1回展(上野・日本美術協会)。
- May: The first exhibition of 'the Kenpitsu-kai association' was held (at Ueno/Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai)
- 11月、「泰東書道院」第1回展(東京都美術館)。
- November: The first exhibition of 'Taito Shodo-in' was held (at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum).
- 7月、「大日本書道院」第1回展(東京府美術館)。
- July: The first exhibition of 'Dainihon Shodo-in' was held (at Tokyo Prefectural Art Museum).
- 5月、「日本美術協会」第100回記念総合美術展。
- May: The 100th anniversary, comprehensive art exhibition of art was held by the Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai (Japan Art Association).
- 9月、「興亜書道連盟」第1回展(中国・北京等)。
- September: The first exhibition of 'Koa Shodo Renmei' was held (in Beijing, China and in other places).
- 近年、独自な発展を遂げつつあり注目される杜氏集団。
- They have been attracting more attention because of their unique development.
- 冊封使歓待を目的として発展した明清系の音楽である。
- It is a style of music with roots in the Ming and Qing dynasties that was developed with the aim of fostering warm diplomatic relations.
- 京都、大阪、東京、神戸などで多店舗展開をすすめた。
- Many restaurants were opened in other cities including Kyoto, Osaka, Tokyo and Kobe.
- この伝統的な「なます」が発展したものが刺身である。
- Sashimi developed from that traditional 'namasu' dishes.
- 砧もの(箏曲「砧」より移入しそれから発展した曲群)
- Kinutamono (a group of musical pieces that came from and then developed from the sokyoku entitled 'Kinuta')
- 同年5月末には契約解除となり、訴訟にまで発展した。
- The agreement was terminated at the end of May of the same year and the disputes went all the way to litigation.
- この時代も禅は公家や武家の帰依を受け発展を続けた。
- During this period as well, Zen, believed by kuge and samurai, became increasingly more prosperous.
- 1月、「現代書道二十人展」開催(朝日新聞社主催)。
- January: 'The exhibition of twenty great modern calligraphers' was held (sponsored by The Asahi Newspapers).
- 1月31日(土)・2月1日(日) さげもん展示即売会
- January 31 (Saturday) and February 1 (Sunday): Sagemon Exhibition and Spot Sale Fair
- 水平線を見渡せる海岸や、山の山頂、展望台などである。
- They are the beaches where we can look over the horizon, summits of mountains, observatories and so on.
- 禅宗の一派、臨済宗が幕府の保護によりさらに発展した。
- The Rinzai sect, one school of Zen sect, developed more and patronized by the shogunate.
- 入間市博物館:狭山茶の主産地として茶をメインに展示。
- Iruma City Museum: displaying 'tea' mainly as a major place of production for Sayama Tea.
- このような環境の中で地歌は、三弦音楽として発展した。
- In such an environment, jiuta developed as sangen music.
- 中世には寺内町である今井町が自治都市として発展した。
- In medieval times, Imai-cho as Jinai-cho (temple villages) was developed as an autonomous city.
- 15世紀、日本では「字引」形式の書物が発展してきた。
- In the 15th century, a book in the form of 'Jibiki' developed in Japan.
- これが「口宣」もしくは「宣旨」へと発展する事になる。
- That was shaped up into 'kuzen' or 'senji.'
- 既存の財閥では貧弱な化学産業を中心に発展していった。
- The development of the existing zaibatsu was promoted as revolving around the limited chemical industry.
- 11月、「日本書道作振会」第1回展(日本美術協会)。
- November: The first exhibition of 'Nihon Shodo Sakushin-kai' was held (at Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai - Japan Art Association).
- 11月、「書道芸術社」第1回同人展(東京・鳩居堂)。
- November: The first members' exhibition of 'Shodo Geijutsu-sha' (an organization for calligraphic art) was held (at Kyukyodo in Tokyo).
- 10月、第4回日本美術展覧会(書道が第5科に参加)。
- October: The fourth Japan Fine Arts Exhibition was held (calligraphy participated in the fifth category).
- 1990年より美術展に切り絵を出品する機会が多くなる。
- From 1990, he has often put his kamikiri works on display at art exhibitions.
- 奈良時代に日本で考案された蒔絵の技法が大きく発展した。
- Makie was created in the Nara period and its techniques were remarkably developed.
- 8世紀前半は、律令制強化への動きが積極的に展開された。
- In the first half of the eight century, the move to strengthen the Ritsuryo system became active.
- 後に、東の吉身、西の今宿が加宿となり、さらに発展した。
- It later merged with Yoshimi to its east and with Imajuku to its west and developed further.
- 戦後は交通アクセスの良さで関西の奥座敷として発展した。
- Ogoto developed as a area where one can enjoy adult entertainment of Kansai region due to its good traffic accessibility, after the war.
- 箱根方面では義貞軍が直義軍を押し気味に戦局が展開する。
- In the Hakone area, Tadayoshi's army was losing ground to Yoshisada's army.
- 事態の展開に兼実は「天魔の所為なり」と唖然としている。
- FUJIWARA no Kanezane was stunned by an unexpected turn of events and said, 'it is an act of the evil spirit.'
- 観光人力車や博物館展示用の人力車製造が続けられている。
- Jinrikisha are still produced for sightseeing and museum display.
- 今度、どのような展開をたどるかが楽しみな商品種である。
- This is the type of product with good future potential.
- それから10年程は変遷もなく、しばらく唐様が発展した。
- During around ten years after that, no new movement appeared, and the Chinese styles developed for a while.
- 6月、「中部日本書道連盟」第1回展(名古屋市美術館)。
- June: The first exhibition of 'Chubu Nihon Shodo Renmei' was held (at the Nagoya City Art Museum).
- 8月、「全国書道展」(毎日新聞社主催、東京都美術館)。
- August: 'Zenkoku Shodoten' (National Calligraphic Exhibition) was held (sponsored by The Mainichi Newspapers, at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum).
- 7月、「日本書道美術院再建書展」開催(東京都美術館)。
- July:' The exhibition to reconstruct Nihon Shodo Bijutsu-in (Calligraphic art institute in Japan)' was held (at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum).
- 現在は発展途上国で児童労働の代表的な職業として知られる。
- It is known today as a leading occupation for child labor in developing countries.
- つまり、円山派の発展形のひとつが四条派と言うことになる。
- In other words, the Shijo school is one of the developed styles of the Maruyama school.
- 花柳界で発展したため、手振りが多く、品のある舞踊である。
- Since it developed in the pleasure quarters, it is a graceful form of buyo with intricate hand and arm movements.
- 「手事もの」の発展に伴い、多音的で複雑な合奏が発達した。
- With the development of 'tegotomono' there emerged ensembles that were complex and polyphonic.
- 八橋検校の弟子たちによって八橋流は継承、発展していった。
- The music of the Yatsuhashi school was passed down to later generations by the pupils of Kengyo YATSUHASHI and continued to develop.
- 各種展示のほか、約6,000冊の関係資料の閲覧もできる。
- In addition to various exhibitions, around 6,000 relevant materials can be seen.
- 2007年8月には千亜紀名義で切り絵個展「刀雅」を開催。
- In August 2007, she held a one-person kamikiri exhibition titled 'Toga' (Cutting Works' Elegance) under the name of Chiaki (in Chinese characters, written as '千亜紀').
- それ以後、保津川は丹波と京を結ぶ産業水路として発展した。
- Since then, the Hozu-gawa River has developed as an industrial waterway connecting Tanba with Kyoto.
- 6月、「日本書道会」第1回展(渡辺沙鴎、両国・回向院)。
- June: The first exhibition of 'Nihon Shodo-kai' was held (by Sao WATANABE at Ecoin Temple in Ryogoku).
- 京菓子處 鼓月として全国の直営店や百貨店に展開している。
- They deploy their directly-managed stores named Kyogashi-dokoro Kogetsu and also have a number of stores with the same name at department stores throughout the country.
- 4コマ漫画(4コマが1セットとなって話題が展開されるもの)
- Four-frame comic (A topic develops with a set of four frames.)
- 漫画作品自体の発展に比べ、評論は比較的未発達の分野である。
- Compared to the development of comic work itself, criticism remains relatively undeveloped.
- これら20面の一部は寺内の大宝蔵殿で展示されることがある。
- Part of those 20 murals would sometimes be exhibited in Daihozoden (Treasure House) in Horyu-ji Temple.
- 天台声明は最澄が伝えたものが基礎となり、独自の展開をした。
- Tendai Shomyo developed independently, in accordance with what Saicho had introduced.
- 猿楽・田楽・延年は、互いに影響を及ぼし合い発展していった。
- Circus performance (Sarugaku), ritual field music (Dengaku) and celebrating longevity (Einen) influenced one each other and developed further.
- Sarugaku, dengaku and ennen developed while being mutually influenced.
- 地歌の隆盛とともに複雑な合奏を楽しめる箏曲として発展した。
- As a result, it was developed as sokyoku which could be enjoyed as sophisticated concert music along with jiuta's populatiry.
- 牛丼をファストフードとして展開した最初のチェーン店である。
- It is the first chain to have expanded the gyudon as a first food.
- また、天下一品(こってり)はこの系統の発展系と考えられる。
- The 'thick type' of Tenka-ippin is believed to have been developed from this type.
- 同年末、日活に提携絶縁状を提出したがそれが訴訟に発展する。
- At the end of the year, Chiezo Productions sent a letter to break off its relationship with Nikkatsu, but this turned into a dispute and went into litigation.
- また国内では分国法を定めて、今川氏を戦国大名に発展させた。
- He established bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) and the Imagawa clan became daimyo (Japanese territorial lord).
- 更に、当時箏が江戸中期以来、三味線の後続として発展していた。
- Furthermore in those days, the koto had developed as a sequel to the shamisen since the middle of the Edo period and still had room for development.
- 天保頃までの箏の発展も、主にそこに便乗し合奏する形で進んだ。
- Moreover, Sokyoku developed until around Tenpo era, mainly by jumping on the shamisen bandwagon or, in other words, by participating in Jiuta.
- おかし味だけでなく感銘を受けるストーリーの展開になっている。
- The development of the story is not only humorous but also moving.
- 平安時代には、中国の影響を受けながら料理はいっそう発展した。
- In the Heian period, the cooking level advanced with the influence of China.
- また、オーストラリアではスシトレインがチェーン展開している。
- In Australia there is a restaurant chain Sushi Train.
- 本来が劇場とは関係なく発展してきたので、劇的な表現は少ない。
- It originally developed independent of the theater, and therefore dramatic expressions are rare.
- 21世紀に入ってからは新たな視点からの議論が展開しつつある。
- After the 21st century began, an argument from a new point of view has been developed.
- この過程で軍事貴族と呼ぶべき実態は発展的に解消されていった。
- During the course of these events, the status called military aristocrat rapidly disappeared.
- 貨幣経済の進展によって出現したのは利銭出挙だけではなかった。
- The development of the monetary economy produced not only the Risen-Suiko.
- 昭和23年(1948年)日本美術展覧会(第五科)に書道が参加
- In 1948, calligraphy participated in (the fifth department of) The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition.
- 京都市は、明治維新以降は発展と保全をバランスよく保っていた。
- Since the Meiji Restoration, Kyoto City has maintained a proper balance between development and conservation.
- それ以後の吟醸酒の展開については「吟醸酒の普及」を参照のこと。
- As to the development of ginjoshu after that, see the section of 'the spread of ginjoshu.'
- 花鳥図屏風(大和文華館)重要文化財 1981年に展覧会を開催。
- Flowers and Birds (The Museum Yamatobunkakan) Important Cultural Property: An exhibition was organized in 1981.
- 学園モノや特撮などのパロディを展開するために使われる事もある。
- It is sometimes used to make parodies of gakuen mono (a story of school life) and tokusatsu (a program using a lot of special effects photography).
- もっぱら棚のように茶道具を展示する家具としての使用が主である。
- Its main use is solely as a piece of furniture, such as a set of shelves, for displaying tea utensils.
- 中国の唐代に始まって宋 (王朝)代に発展したと考えられている。
- It is believed that tocha originated in theTang dynasty period in China, which was developed in the Sung dynast period.
- 複雑な関数の積分は、冪級数展開と級数の和の公式を巧みに用いた。
- For calculating the integration of a complicated function, they skillfully used power series expansion and the formulae for the sum of series.
- この形式を発展させたのが、俵屋宗達と尾形光琳だといわれている。
- People who contributed to developing this style of painting were believed to be Sotatsu TAWARAYA and Korin OGATA.
- 以後吉沢検校らに受け継がれて、次第にこの傾向が発展していった。
- It was then passed on to Kengyo Yoshizawa, and the development gradually took on this trend.
- しかし、江戸時代後期に大発展し、地歌を代表する楽曲形式となる。
- However, great progress was made during the latter part of the Edo period, and they became the representative form of jiuta composition.
- これは日英間の国際問題にまで発展し、偽造グループが逮捕された。
- This issue developed into an international issue between Japan and Britain, which resulted in the capture of a group of counterfeiters.
- 47都道府県すべてに展開しているのは吉野家とすき家のみである。
- Only Yoshinoya Co., Ltd, and Sukiya have deployed outlets throughout the 47 prefectures.
- 現代の美術展等のように額に入れて遠目に眺めるものではなかった。
- They were not framed and looked at from a distance as we know it today at art exhibitions, etc.
- 文化面では運慶と快慶の金剛力士像など、写実的な美術が展開した。
- In culture, naturalistic art, as seen in Kongo Rikishi zo (statues of Kongo Rikishi) by Unkei and by Kaikei, developed.
- 1962年、アマチュアの普及発展を目的に、伯国相撲連盟が結成。
- Brazilian Sumo Federation was established in 1962 to develop and spread amateur sumo.
- ただし、まったく別の展開として作られている段を持つ曲の方が多い。
- However, many pieces have stages that were created completely as a separate development.
- また、この本館の各国室には、大谷探検隊の収集品も展示されていた。
- Also the collections of Otani Expedition were displayed in each country's room of the main building
- 庶民文芸の発展や鎌倉新仏教の地方への広まりなどはその現れである。
- Typical examples were the development of the popular literature and the spread of Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period) to local regions.
- 分類については、まだ発展・整理の途上であり、正式なものではない。
- Categories are in the process of development and organization, and are not formalized yet.
- 狂言(きょうげん)は、能と同様に猿楽から発展した伝統芸能である。
- Kyogen is a traditional form of public entertainment developed from Sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance in the Heian period), similar to Noh.
- 室町時代に確立された武家の礼法から始まり江戸時代に発展した形式。
- It began with the manners of the samurai community established in the Muromachi period and developed during the Edo period.
- 大太刀の柄を延長して取り回し易くした「中巻き」から発展したもの。
- It was evolved from 'Nakamaki (literally 'medium roll')' that became easier to handle by extending the Tsuka of Odachi.
- 2000年以降、近畿地方以外に展開するチェーン店が増加している。
- Since 2000, an increasing number of takoyaki restaurant chains have begun to expand into regions other than Kinki.
- 現在京都三十三間堂の本堂内に通し矢で使われた弓が展示されている。
- At present, the bow used in Toshiya is on display within the main building of Kyoto Sanjusangen-do Hall.
- 不平士族の中には清国へ逃れ(脱清)、独立運動を展開する者もいた。
- Certain discontented warriors fled to China of the Qing Dynasty (diasporas to Qing), and some of them led independence campaigns there.
- 1941年国民学校令の施行で唱歌は芸能科音楽へと発展的解消した。
- In 1941 with the enforcement of the National School Order, shoka developed into the geinoka (entertainment course) music.
- 南側からの眺め(及びその展望台)である「飛龍観」(ひりゅうかん。
- The view from the south side (and that from vantage point), called 'flying dragon' (Hiryukan.
- これは武田の仲介があって関係を改善、甲相駿三国同盟に発展させた。
- The relationship was improved through the intermediation of Takeda and this evolved into the three-party alliance of Ko, So and Sun.
- - 発展途上国の公園や路上で良く見られ、屋外で営業する床屋がある。
- These are commonly seen in parks or on streets in developing countries, and some barbers do business outdoors.
- 緩やかな衰退の中で分化し、演歌の中に新ジャンルが発展しつつあった。
- In the course of gradual decline, enka music was being subdivided to give rise to new genres within it.
- 大陸の騎馬民族の鎧の影響が伺え、挂甲から発展したと考えられている。
- It was influenced by the armor of mounted clans from the Asian continent.
- 1997年にはパリのルーヴル美術館で百済観音の特別展示が行われた。
- In 1997, a special exhibition on Kudara Kannon was held at the Louvre Museum in Paris.
- ただし組織として大きく発展することだけが茶道としての発展ではない。
- Progress of the tea ceremony, however, is not defined by the growth, just to be a big organization alone.
- ゆがけ…通し矢の発展にともない堅帽子、四つがけが発明されたという。
- A yugake (glove on the hand) - As Toshiya made progress, a kataboshi (glove with a hard cover on the thumb) & a yotsugake (four-finger glove) were invented, they say.
- 大阪府北部の最高峰でもあり、標高の高さの割に良い展望を有している。
- It is also the highest in north Osaka and offers a nice view despite its height.
- 現在は大津市北部の拠点であり、近年住宅地としての発展が目覚ましい。
- In these days, Katata is a central point of the northern part of Otsu City, and has developed remarkably as a residential area.
- 古くは興福寺の荘園で、中世の環濠集落を母体として発展した町である。
- Being a private estate of the Kofuku-ji Temple in olden times, the town developed from a medieval village surrounded by a moat.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の戦国大名は、より一層の一円知行化を進展させた。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), sengoku daimyo (daimyo - Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period) further developed ichien chigyo.
- 日本の場合は神仏習合の結果、日本独自に発展した仏教が多く見られる。
- In Japan, as a result of the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, many strands of Buddhism unique to Japan developed.
- 能の『安宅』は後世、さまざまな演劇作品、講談などに展開していった。
- 'Ataka,' the Noh play, later expanded to various theater works and kodan storytelling.
- また、一般にはそれを展望する傘松公園も含めた総称とする場合もある。
- The name can also refer to the area including Kasamatsu Park, which has a view of Amanohashidate.
- 1961年に日本水石協会が設立され、第1回展覧会が三越で開催された。
- In 1961, the Nippon Suiseki Association was established and its first exhibition was held at the Mitsukoshi department store.
- 魚崎地方を中心に発展し、江戸時代には上方の代表産地として名を馳せた。
- Developed around the Uozaki district, Nada gained a reputation as a leading production area in Kamigata during the Edo period.
- 平安時代から江戸時代にかけて日本独自の酢飯文化として発展・定着した。
- From the Heian to the Edo period, the sushi-eating habit was developed and established as vinegared rice-eating culture specific to Japan.
- 紙に紋様をつける試みは中国の南北朝時代に始まり随・唐時代に発展した。
- Efforts to put patterns on paper began in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China and developed further during the age of the Sui and the Tang.
- 全日本煎茶道連盟は、煎茶道の普及発展を目的として結成された社団法人。
- Zen Nihon Senchado Renmei (National Japanese Sencha Association) is an incorporated association founded for the promotion and development of Sencha-do (the way of sencha).
- 1999年に特別展「北限への旅路―茶の自然と歴史を訪ねて―」を開催。
- A special exhibition was held 'Journey to the northern limit - visiting nature and the history of tea' in 1999.
- 地歌・箏曲の合奏曲として発展し、地歌としても最盛期を迎えたといえる。
- These pieces developed as jiuta and sokyoku ensembles, and the golden age of jiuta arrived.
- しかし、それ以前も、古代から歴史認識および歴史叙述の展開が見られた。
- However, even before that, history was considered and descriptions of history had been made.
- 後の納銭方・公方御倉などに発展していく契機となったと考えられている。
- It is considered to have developed into Nosenkata (an institution to collect tax from moneylenders and sake breweries) and Kubo-okura (finance branch).
- 鼓月の和菓子を提供する甘味処として、現在下記の3店舗を展開している。
- They currently have the following three tea shops where they provide their Japanese-style sweets.
- その他にも展望台があり、東側からの眺めを「雪舟観」(せっしゅうかん。
- There are other vantage points: the view from the east side is called Sesshukan (
- 古来、夏祭りは歌垣が発展したとの解釈もある、民俗学的に研究されている。
- According to folklore research, a natsumatsuri festival is also interpreted to be a result of development of ancient utagaki (a poetry reading party).
- 江戸時代になると、布教活動としての色彩が薄れ、大衆娯楽として発展した。
- During the Edo period the role of the Nenbutsu Kyogen as a vehicle for spreading Buddhist teachings gradually became diluted, with the Kyogen taking on more of a form of entertainment for the masses.
- During the Edo period, the performance became less important as a method of preaching and developed as a form of entertainment.
- 1878年のパリ万博では、数多くの日本の工芸品が展示され人気を博した。
- A lot of Japanese crafts were exhibited at the 1879 Paris Universal Exposition and enjoyed great popularity.
- 欧州の影響外で独自に様々な高度な数学、代数学、積分法、幾何が発展した。
- Various and advanced mathematics, algebra, integration method, and geometry were developed independently of European influence.
- 政府の外郭団体として再出発したことにより、武道は飛躍的に発展普及する。
- Martial arts grew and spread significantly with this new start as an extra-departmental organization of the government.
- その入れ物が松花堂弁当に発展したのは、それから数百年たってからである。
- The development of this container from the origin into the Shokado meal box took several hundred years.
- やや後れて阮元を始めとする揚州学派が起こり、乾嘉漢学を発展させている。
- Yangzhou school of Gen Gen was born a little after this, and developed the Ken-Ka Sinology.
- 七夕伝説の発展により、より説話に相応しい位置に遷されたものと思われる。
- It seems that the star was moved, with the development of the tanabata legend, to a position more suitable for the above anecdote.
- セビリア万国博覧会に出展された安土城の復元天守(5・6階部分)を移築。
- This is the restored tenshu (the fifth and sixth storeys) of the Azuchi-jo Castle, which was exhibited at the Seville World Expo.
- 丘の北側に展望台があり、大和三山、藤原京などの風景を望むことができる。
- An observation deck at the north side of the hill offers a view of Three Mountains of Yamato, Fujiwara-kyo (the imperial capital of Japan for 16 years between 694 and 710), etc.
- 追捕を命じられた追捕使は国内の武士を動員し、実際の追捕活動を展開した。
- The Tsuibushi who was ordered to search for and capture gangsters carried out necessary activities by mobilizing samurai in the province.
- 六章…詳細は不明であるが、『九章算術』を応用発展させたと言われている。
- Rokusho: Details are unknown, but it is said to have applied and expanded the 'Kyushosanjutsu.'
- 新興コンツェルン以外で、昭和初期~第二次世界大戦中に発展した中堅財閥。
- There were some medium-size zaibatsu, other than the emerging zaibatsu, that grew from the early Showa era through the middle of World War II.
- 近代書道教育の発展に貢献したのは小中学校の習字教科書の筆者ともいえる。
- It can be said that the persons who contributed to the development of modern calligraphy in education were the authors of school textbooks of calligraphy.
- その第1回展は翌14年(1925年)11月、龍池会列品館で開催された。
- Its first exhibition was held in November of 1925 at the Reppinkan hall of the Ryuchi kai.
- 大阪では、早くから職業的に発展し、天保年間には職業的俄師がいたとされる。
- Niwaka is said to have developed as an occupation in Osaka from early on, where there were a number of professional niwakashi (niwaka performer) in the Tenpo era.
- 2005年には「青森おでんの会」が発足し「B-1グランプリ」へ出展した。
- In 2005, 'Aomori Oden no Kai' (Aomori Oden Association) was established, and this Oden was entered in 'B-1 Grand Prix' (B-grade local food contest).
- 実施する地域の分布図や形態については、川崎市民ミュージアムに展示がある。
- Kawasaki City Museum exhibits the distribution maps of the regions and models of Sagicho.
- そして、その選択と方向性や発展は、日本と日本以外では大きく違っていった。
- And the selection, direction and development were greatly differentiated between Japan and other countries.
- 尊円流の名の由来は、尊円法親王が世尊寺流から分化発展させ、創始されたため
- It is known as Sonen School because it was separated from Sesonji School, developed, and founded as a new school by Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonen.
- 喫茶の風習は元々中国の唐代から宋 (王朝)代にかけて発展したものである。
- The tea drinking custom was originally developed in China from the Tang dynasty through the Song dynasty.
- 江戸時代には、近江商人(八幡商人)による町の発展に大きな役割を果たした。
- In the Edo Period, it contributed to the development of the city by Omi shonin (Omi merchants), i.e. Hachiman shonin (Hachiman merchant).
- なお、このため会津塗器は日野塗の技術導入により発展したと考えられている。
- The introduction of the Hino lacquering technique helped develop Aizu lacquerware.
- 後世、浄瑠璃、歌舞伎などに展開してゆく義経物(判官物とも)の代表的作品。
- It is a classic of Yoshitsunemono (plays about MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) which later expanded to joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and so forth.
- 平家物語の巻十、海道下(かいどうくだり)の場面から発展させたと思われる。
- The story seemingly expands on the scenes from 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) Vol.10 'Kaidokudari.'
- ドラマチックな展開を可能とする素材を扱いながら、対立的な描写を行わない。
- Although it deals with material that could have dramatic developments, it does not become confrontational.
- 特に聖武天皇の天平年間は奈良文化の最盛期であり、書道の発展が著しかった。
- In particular, in the Tenpyo era of Emperor Shomu, the Nara culture became most prosperous and calligraphy developed considerably.
- 足利家の内紛から発展した観応の擾乱では尊氏方に就いた氏綱が武功を上げた。
- In the Kanno Disturbance developed from the internal conflict of the Ashikaga family, Ujitsuna on the Takauji side rendered distinguished military service.
- 一教:相手の腕を取り肘関節を可動限界まで伸展させ相手を腹這いにさせ抑える。
- Ikkyo (aikido's first basic technique): Take the opponent's arm and extend the elbow joint as far as it will go, then place the opponent on his/her stomach and hold him/her down.
- しかし稲作技術の発展による品種改良でより収量が多く作りやすい米が出てきた。
- However, the breed improvement achieved through the development of rice-growing techniques brought about a new kind of rice that could easily be produced in larger quantities.
- レンガを用いたアート展示会、旧軍港4市近代化遺産写真展などが行われている。
- There are also exhibitions of art that uses bricks, and Kyu-gunko yonshi Kindaika Isan Shashin-ten (photographic exhibition of the site of modernization of four cities of former military ports).
- 宵山、宵々山には旧家や老舗での宝物の展示も行われるため屏風祭の異名がある。
- During Yoiyama and Yoiyoiyama (event in two days before the main festival), old family houses and established business houses show their family heirlooms; the festival is also known as the Byobu Matsuri Festival, or Folding Screen Festival.
- 特に大阪には真改、助広が現れ、大阪新刀と呼ばれる絢爛華麗な作風を展開した。
- Especially in Osaka, Shinkai and Sukehiro appeared, who developed a magnificent style called Osaka Shinto (Osaka New Swords).
- 戦国時代 (日本)には能の芸の内容に大きな発展は無かったと考えられている。
- It is thought that there was no large developments in the contents of Noh as an art form during the Warring States Period (Japan).
- It is believed that the arts of Noh didn't make any particular progress during the Sengoku period (Japan).
- また上方舞のうち、京都で発展した井上流、篠塚流を京舞(きょうまい)と呼ぶ。
- In kamigatamai, the Inoue and Shinozuka Schools, developed in Kyoto, are specifically called Kyomai (Kyoto dance).
- さらに江戸時代後期には、光崎検校、吉沢検校らによって箏曲は一段と発展する。
- Sokyoku was further developed by Kengyo MITSUZAKI and Kengyo YOSHIZAWA at the end of the Edo period.
- 他にも、シマ(沖縄相撲)からの発展説、本土から柔術が伝来した説などがある。
- Others include a belief that karate was developed from 'Shima' (Okinawan sumo) and a belief that 'jujutsu' (a classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) of the Japanese mainland was introduced.
- 退位して上皇となった後は天皇家の長という立場で独自の政策を展開していった。
- After the abdication, the retired Emperor Shirakawa developed his own policies from the viewpoint of the head of the Emperor's family.
- 一円知行された領国は地域国家へと発展し、日本各地に地域国家が多数並立した。
- The area over which a daimyo was allowed to control completely by himself developed into a regional nation, with many regional nations established in parallel throughout Japan.
- 江戸幕府を開いた家康が隠居すると、再び駿府城に居住して大御所が展開された。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who established the Edo bakufu, lived in Sunpu after his retirement and operated ogosho (bakufu ruled by the retired Shogun).
- 結果、立命館をはじめ京大以外の関西圏大学法学部の発展を促すことにもなった。
- In the end, it led to the development of law faculties within the Kansai area other than Kyoto University such as Ritsumeikan.
- 当時先進地域だった畿内において、惣掟の事例数・その内容が最も発展していた。
- In the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), which was an advanced region at that time, so-okite was most developed quantitatively as well as qualitatively.
- 元禄時代(1688年―1704年)には上方の経済がめざましい発展をとげた。
- In the Genroku era (1688 – 1704) the economy of Kamigata developed remarkably.
- 日下部鳴鶴を継ぐ主な人々の中で、最も壮大な展開をしたのは比田井天来である。
- Amongst the followers of Meikaku KUSAKABE, it was Tenrai HIDAI who acted in the grandest way.
- ただ、仮名を小さく書く宣命小書体に進展したのは、我が国における成果である。
- However, the development into Senmyo Shoshotai where kana is written in a small size is an achievement in our country.
- これらの例から、仏教美術の隆盛と共に截金は飛躍的な発展を遂げたことが窺える。
- From these examples, it is known that the kirikane technique had developed dramatically corresponding to the prosperity of Buddhist art.
- そして散楽の芸は、他の芸能と融合していき、それぞれ独自の発展を遂げていった。
- Subsequently, various arts of Sangaku merged with other arts and began to evolve on their own.
- - 福山市にある日本ゲタ飛ばし協会が、上記の占いを発展させて競技化している。
- The Japan Geta-Tobashi Association (JGTA) in Fukuyama City developed the above method of forecast to the competition.
- ここでは日本国内において発展を遂げた西洋風の料理を「洋食」として取り上げる。
- In this article, the term 'Yoshoku' refers to western style dishes which were developed in Japan.
- それに伴いそれ以降は機械製麺が発展し、それにこだわりを持つ職人も少なくない。
- The machine-production of noodles developed accordingly, and quite a few workmen stick to it.
- 対して、江戸指物は江戸で発展したため、武家や町人・商人が用いる事が多かった。
- On the other hand, Edo-sashimono was developed in Edo, and its products were mainly used by samurai, townspeople, and merchants.
- 特に米朝は放送タレントとしての知名度のフォローもあって独演会や一門会を展開。
- Widely known as a media personality, Beicho held a number of his solo and family shows.
- 貨幣経済の進展に伴い米・雑穀よりも銭貨が増え、しかもそのまま神前に置かれた。
- But with the development of the money economy, more coins than rice and millet are placed on the altars of shrines or temples.
- 第二次世界大戦後は茶道の発展というよりも、茶道組織として発展した時代である。
- After World War II were the times when Omote-senke grew as a tea ceremony organization rather than its tea ceremony developing further.
- 骨には大抵和紙が貼られており、展開すると紙を貼られた部分が段々の扇面となる。
- They are made out of accordion folded Washi (Japanese paper) pasted to movable strips of wood, and when a Sensu or Ogi is unfolded, it shows the accordion folded paper attached to the movable wooden strips.
- 大抵の扇子の骨は細長く、折り畳んだ和紙を張って開くと段になるように展開する。
- Most ribs of Sensu products are thin and long, and the accordion like folded Washi is glued to the ribs that show the accordion like folds of a Sensu when unfolded.
- 明治時代になると、箏曲が独自に発展してゆき、地歌の作曲は少なくなっていった。
- During the Meiji period sokyoku developed on its own, and fewer jiuta compositions were created.
- 京都のラーメン店では、唯一、全国展開に成功している(ハワイにも支店を持つ)。
- The only one ramen store in Kyoto which successfully expanded in Japan (There is also a branch in Hawaii).
- 展望台からは、大阪府側は関西国際空港や、その向こうの淡路島も見える事がある。
- At the viewing platform, Kansai International Airport, followed by Awaji-shima Island on the Osaka Prefecture side could be clearly viewed.
- また大化前代の土地私有制の発展段階の相違が考慮されていることも明らかである。
- Additionally, it is clear that differences during the stage of development in the system for private ownership of land in the pre-Taika era were taken into account.
- 盛んな論争が行われ、展示会が街頭に進出して一般の人に話題を提供するなどした。
- Lots of matters were disputed there, and calligraphic exhibitions were held publicly, offering topics of conversation for common people.
- その後、1970年(昭和45年)に新丸太町通が開通して以来、急速に発展した。
- Following this, with the opening of the Shin-marutamachi-dori in 1970, the region underwent rapid growth.
- 菊岡の開拓した芸術は後輩にあたる光崎検校らに更に受け継がれ発展することとなる。
- The art pioneered by KIKUOKA was passed down to his junior fellow kengyo MITSUZAKI and he developed furthermore.
- 現在は宵山に限って残された御神体と懸装品を同山の町内で展示(居祭・いまつり)。
- At present, the remaining object of worship and objects used for decoration are exhibited in the town only in Yoiyama (Imatsuri - to display the textiles, goldworks, carvings for a decorative float during Gion Matsuri Festival).
- 表千家としてどう発展していくのかが、茶道史の上で今後問い直されるところである。
- The question is how Omote-senke will further develop in the context of the history of the tea ceremony in the future.
- 扇子のアイデアがヨーロッパに輸出された時は、絹やレースを貼った洋扇に発展した。
- After the concept of Sensu spread to Europe, it developed into silk- or lace-glued Yo-sen.
- 三弦音楽として地歌は成立し、ほぼ同時かその後に箏曲が発展してきたと考えられる。
- It is considered that jiuta was established as a sangen music, while sokyoku developed at about the same time or thereafter.
- これらの楽器によるそれぞれの音楽である地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽が成立、発展して来た。
- Music for these instruments, known respectively as jiuta, sokyoku and kokyugaku, was established and developed.
- 大正時代、学校に弁当を持って来る慣例を廃止する動きがあり、社会問題に発展した。
- In the Taisho period, there were moves to discard the custom of bringing bento to school, and it developed into a social problem.
- 社会の安定と経済の成長は、都市の発展を支え、17世紀後半の元禄文化に結実した。
- The stabilization of society and economical growth supported the development of urban areas, producing Genroku Culture in the latter half of 17th century.
- 中国などの経済発展と密接に関連しており、政治的な対策が鍵を握るとの見方もある。
- Kosa is closely related to economical progress in China and there is a view of considering that political measures to be taken are the key to solving the problem.
- 朝倉氏(あさくらし)は、越前国を拠点とした豪族で、後に発展して戦国大名となる。
- Asakura clan was a local ruling family whose home base was Echizen Province, and the clan later ascended to be a sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku Period).
- ただし、こうした鑑賞行事は祭会の際の走馬(はしりうま)として別個の発展を遂げた。
- However, this appreciation event developed differently as hashiriuma (horse racing) at festivals.
- 今後は日本において截金の技術をどのように継承発展させていくかが大きな課題である。
- Hereafter, how to inherit and develop the kirikane technique in Japan is a big problem.
- さて、このような豊後節系浄瑠璃の展開は江戸中期以降にいたって新たな局面を見せる。
- The development of Bungo-bushi-origin Joruri entered a new phase in the mid-Edo period.
- 鶴田錦史の流れを汲む一派を「鶴田流」あるいは「鶴田派」と呼び、近年発展している。
- The school that followed Kinshi TSURUTA is called the Tsuruta-ryu or Tsuruta-school and is expanding its activities.
- 文字ははじめ実用として生まれたが、文化の進展につれ美的に表現する方法が生まれた。
- Characters were initially created for actual use, but the method to express aesthetically was created with the advancement in culture.
- 波乱に満ちたストーリー展開を見せるが、「それは夢だった」という結末で終わること。
- This is a punch line in which a story develops full of events, only to end with the conclusion that 'it was a dream.'
- また、アンティーク着物を展示している美術館として、日本昔きもの美術館などがある。
- Nihon mukashi kimono museum' (Japanese Antique Kimono Museum) is one of the museums which exhibit antique kimono.
- 経済発展目覚しいロシアでも寿司ブームが起こり、富裕層を中心に愛好家が増えている。
- Even in Russia achieving a remarkable economic growth, the sushi boom rises, and fanciers of sushi increase mainly in the wealthier categories.
- 近年は冷凍技術や養殖技術が発展し、年間を通じてふぐ料理を味わうことが可能である。
- In recent years, freezing and aquaculture technologies have developed, making it possible to eat fugu dishes all year around.
- このころから、箏曲は三弦音楽から独立して新たに独自の発展を遂げていくことになる。
- From this point onwards, sokyoku developed independently from shamisen music.
- 近代、松涛館流の空手に他武術を取り入れ合理的に発展してきたのがテコンドーである。
- A style that had combined Shotokan-ryu karate with another martial art rationally developed into taekwondo decades ago.
- 「天下一品」の全国制覇には及ばないが、かなり広域にチェーン展開し、成功している。
- Although less prevalent than 'Tenka-ippin' in terms of its coverage across Japan, Yokozuna is quite successful and has numerous chain stores spread across a wide area.
- 7世紀中ごろの大化の改新も権力集中化の動きの一つであり、一定の進展を見せている。
- The Taika Reforms in around the middle of the seventh century was such a move to strengthen powers, achieving a certain level of advancement.
- 朝護孫子寺が所蔵(原本は奈良国立博物館に寄託されており、霊宝館では複製を展示)。
- It is possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple (but the original is housed at the Nara National Museum and its replica is displayed in the treasure hall of the temple).
- 寺社はこの時期に荘園領主として発展しており、各地で国司と紛争を引き起こしていた。
- In this period, temples and shrines had prospered as a lord of a manor and had caused disputes with kokushi (provincial governors).
- 『平家物語』の巻十「海道下」(かいどうくだり)の場面から発展させたと考えられる。
- It seemingly expands on the scenes from 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike) Vol.10 'Kaidokudari.'
- 第1回展は早くも昭和5年(1930年)11月、東京府美術館で華々しく開催された。
- Its first exhibition was spectacularly held early in November of 1930 at the Tokyo Prefectural Museum.
- 特に上方の三味線音楽である地歌は、盲人音楽家たちによって高度な音楽的発展を見せた。
- The blind musicians highly developed especially jiuta, which was shamisen music in Kamigata.
- 同じく「麻鞋」から発展したものに、下級武官用の藁製の靴「草鞋(わらうず)」がある。
- The straw-made shoes called 'Warauzu' worn by low-ranking military officials were also developed out of 'Makai.'
- 中世(飛鳥、奈良、平安、鎌倉時代)、公家、役人、僧侶の間では威儀具として発展した。
- Uchiwa fan developed into a tool for showing person's dignity among kuge (court noble), government officers and Buddhist monks in the Medieval period (Asuka, Nara, Heian, and Kamakura periods).
- 概要で述べた旧藩による地域ごとの生活習慣によって各地で独特の食文化が発展してきた。
- As mentioned above, unique culinary cultures developed in accordance with the customs of people in each former regional clan.
- これにより、吸収・取捨選択を繰り返し、様々な手が加えられて独特な展開を遂げている。
- As a result, the Japanese culture developed in a unique way through processes of repeated absorption and refusal, and various arrangements.
- また、中国各地に書法協会が存在し、公教育から離れた立場で書道の発展に貢献している。
- Furthermore, calligraphy associations exist in various places of China and contribute to the development of Shodo outside of public education.
- 特に、貴金属のような高価な品物は、客寄せのためにショーケースに展示して販売される。
- Especially expensive bags containing jewelry or other expensive goods are displayed in showcases to draw the attention of customers.
- また、久留島義太は極値問題を級数展開の視点で考察し、微分法の一歩手前まで来ている。
- Yoshihiro KURUSHIMA studied the extreme value problem from the point of view of series expansion, and came within an inch of understanding complex differentiation.
- さらにはわび茶から発展し、小堀政一、片桐貞昌、織田長益ら流派をなす大名も現われた。
- In addition, daimyos appeared, such as Masaichi KOBORI, Sadamasa KATAGIRI, and Nagamasu ODA, who created their own schools developed from wabicha.
- ヨーロッパで発展したものには、羽根扇やレース (手芸)を編みこんだ洋扇などがある。
- Among folding fans developed in Europe, there were some called Hane-ogi (feathered folding fan) and Yo-sen made of lace (for handicraft) knitted onto the strips.
- また長歌は江戸で歌舞伎舞踊の伴奏としても使われるようになり、長唄へと発展して行く。
- Furthermore, nagauta became an accompaniment to Kabuki dance in Edo, and it developed into nagauta.
- 武射系は戦場での実利を重視して発展してきた射の系統を言い、事実上日置流系統をさす。
- The Busha group refers to the shooting lineage that developed with focus on practical benefits on the battlefield, and it refers to the Heki-ryu school lineage.
- またこのような天観の変化によって『易経』を中心として新しい宇宙生成論が展開された。
- Additionally, such change in the view towards the sky led to the development of a new forming theory of the universe centered around 'I Ching.'
- 一方、日本では貨幣経済が急速に発展しており、中国銭貨への需要が非常に高まっていた。
- In the meantime, the money economy in Japan rapidly developed and the demands for Chinese coins greatly increased.
- これも元々中国的な建築様式が日本独自の発展をとげて生まれた日本風の建築様式である。
- This is also a Japanese architectural style, which was developed uniquely in Japan separate from Chinese architectural style.
- 農耕社会の発展とともに地域集団は大型化していき、その中心部には環濠集落が営まれた。
- Corresponding to the advancement of an agriculture-based society, the sizes of the local communities had become larger, being surrounded-by-moat type settlements at their centers
- 園内には、お化け屋敷、展望台、ミニ観覧車、高山植物園、比叡山人工スキー場があった。
- The amusement part included a haunted house, a viewing platform, a small-sized Ferris wheel, an alpine botanical garden and Mt. Hiei artificial ski slopes.
- さらに今日の歴史学では西欧中心の単線的な発展段階史観が強く批判されるようになった。
- In today's historical science, the unilinear evolution phase concept of history focused mainly on Western Europe is sharply criticized.
- 日本では、鎌倉時代後期ごろから商品経済が急速に進展していき、貨幣の流通が普及した。
- In Japan, commodity economy progressed from around the latter half of the Kamakura period, and coins became circulated widely.
- 若海方舟が提唱者で昭和9年(1934年)5月に誕生し、第1回展が同月、開催された。
- Advocated by Hoshu WAKAUMI, this association was established in May of 1934, and its first exhibition was held in the same month.
- また、京街道・山陰街道および国道423号の分岐点が城下の追分に設けられて発展した。
- The junction of the Kyo-Kaido Road, the Sanin-Kaido Road and the National Route 423 was built in Oiwake in the castle town, allowing for the Kameoka to be developed thereafter.
- 近世邦楽は声楽中心の音楽であったが、三曲の音楽においては大きな器楽的展開が見られた。
- The traditional Japanese music of the early-modern times centered around vocal music; however, instrumental music developed significantly in the instrumental trio.
- 散楽のうちの物真似芸を起源とする猿楽は、後に観阿弥、世阿弥らによって能へと発展した。
- Sarugaku whose origin was mimicry, one of various arts of Sangaku, later developed into noh play thanks to Kanami and Zeami.
- この文化的流行が歌舞伎役者に一般化するにつれて俳名に変化した(現代の俳優名に発展)。
- As this cultural fashion was generalized to Kabuki actors, the item branched into Haimyo (a pen name of the haiku poet), which later developed into a name used by current actors.
- 実際は武家が昔ながらの寸胴、庶民がそこから発展させた派手なそぎを好んだのが基らしい。
- In reality, the two forms seem to have originated from the fact that samurai families favored the old-fashioned zundo while ordinary people preferred the showy sogi that they had developed from the zundo.
- また、同年に大阪の鎌田俊清もarcsin(x), sin(x)の冪級数展開を求めた。
- In the same year, Toshikiyo KAMATA of Osaka also obtained the power series expansion of arcsin(x) and sin(x).
- 特定の機能や目的を備えた小空間への分離独立への展開は、「室」という概念をもたらした。
- The development to the separation and independence of a small space with a specific function or purpose created the idea of 'shitsu' (room).
- やがて、この神籬が発展して本格的な建築物をなすようになり、社殿になったと考えられる。
- Later, himorogi is considered to have developed into a substantial structure and subsequently became shaden, a shrine pavillion.
- 公務執行妨害罪を理由とした事件を中心に逮捕者が出るほどの騒ぎに発展した市町村もある。
- In some municipalities, such rampage developed to the extent of arresting rampaging youths for obstructing officers from performing their duty.
- 日本では古くから弁当の習慣が起こり、他の諸国では例を見ないほどの発展を遂げていった。
- Japan has a long history of bento, and its development has been unparalleled in the world's history of bento.
- しかし中にはその地域独自の演目を備えるなど、個性的な発展をみせている公演も存在する。
- But there also exist some originally developed performances, including those having their own original programs.
- また荘園公領制の進展に伴って各地の荘園を集積するなど、経済的な支配力も強めていった。
- He also put shoen in many places under his control with the development of shoen koryo sei.
- 王朝国家では、大幅に統治権限を委譲された受領とその国衙機構による地方支配が展開した。
- In the dynastic nation-state, Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors), to whom a considerable amount of the authority to control the province was transferred, and its kokuga (provincial government offices) controlled local areas.
- 9世紀末から10世紀初頭にかけての寛平・延喜期になると、抜本的な国政改革が展開した。
- In the Kanpyo to Engi eras, that is to say, from around the end of the 9th century to the early 10th century, the national administration was reformed drastically.
- 兵農分離による家臣の城下への集住は、楽市楽座とともに、城下町発展の大きな要因となる。
- Having their vassals move and live around the castles became a big factor for the castles to develop besides rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds).
- ロンドンのヴィクトリアアルバート美術館には、この根付コレクションの展示室も存在する。
- The Victoria and Albert Museum in London has an exhibition room for the netsuke collection.
- ただし、かなり早い段階で(賭博の道具でもあった)盤双六とは別箇の発展を遂げていった。
- However, in the early stage, it was developed separately from the board Sugoroku (which was occasionally a gambling tool).
- この作品はその表徴を早い時期にだしてきたもので、後年、箏曲「砧」などに発展してゆく。
- The symbols first used in the piece were later developed in the sokyoku (koto music) Kinuta amongst other works.
- この散楽が含む雑芸のうち、物真似などの滑稽芸を中心に発展していったのが猿楽と言われる。
- It is said that the comical arts of Sangaku, especially mimicry, evolved into Sarugaku.
- 日本における洋画と日本画はその後、互いに影響を与えながらも対抗的に併存、発展してきた。
- Since then Yo-ga and Nihon-ga have continued to their symbiotic relationship, coexisting and developing as rival forces in Japan.
- いくつのコマをセットとして話題を展開するかによって、多くの漫画は次のように分類される。
- Many comics are classified according to the number of frames in a set for developing a topic as follows.
- コミック(1ページが数個のコマで分割され、そのようなページ数枚で話題が展開されるもの)
- Comic (One page is divided by several frames and the topic develops with such several pages.)
- この矢尻は社宝とされ、普段は写真のみ展示されており、毎年9月の祭礼で実物が公開される。
- This arrowhead was kept as a treasure of the shrine, and its photograph is always exhibited, with the real one exhibited to the public at the annual feast of the shrine in September.
- さらに、arcsin, sin などの無限級数展開を『宅間流円理』(1722)で発表。
- In his 'Takuma-ryu Enri' (1722), he presented the infinite series expansion such as arcsin and sin.
- 総合的に評価して、西洋数学との差は論じるまでもないが、その発展の速さは驚異的であった。
- Although there was a world of difference in the level of European mathematics and that of Japanese at that time, if we were to give a comprehensive evaluation, the speed in which wasan was developed was unprecedented.
- 華道は、仏教の伝来と発展に伴い、仏前に花を手向ける供花に由来するという説が有力である。
- A widely-accepted theory is that Kado originated from floral offerings being presented at a Buddhist alter, together with the introduction and development of Buddhism.
- 210.9cm(『特別展百済観音』図録等による。「209.4cm」とする資料もある)。
- 210.9 cm (according to the pictorial records of 'Special Exhibition of Kudara Kannon', etc. and '209.4 cm' according to another material.)
- 都市化の進展で、郡部の成人式出席該当者が減少し、一方で都市部の該当者が顕著に増加した。
- Due to the advancement of urbanization, people subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony have decreased in rural areas, while they have increased significantly in urban areas.
- 例えば俘囚が使用していた蕨手刀は、武士が使用することとなる毛抜形太刀へと発展している。
- For example, Fushu's warabite-to (curved swords) were developed into a kind of sword, Kenukigata Tachi (Tachi with a shape of tweezer), that would be used by samurai.
- 明治の開国を通じ神戸が国際貿易港として発展し、大阪・京都も都市の近代化が進んでいった。
- After the opening of Japan to the world in the Meiji era, Kobe had been developed as an international trade port and modernization of the cities in Osaka and Kyoto had also advanced.
- 視界は開け、展望も良いが足場は急峻な馬の背状になった箇所も多く、鎖場もあり危険も伴う。
- It has a broad visual field and a great view, but also has many steep horseback-like paths as well as spots with a chain handrail which are dangerous to go.
- 陶氏を滅ぼした毛利氏友族が両国に存在したため毛利氏と大友氏は北筑前にて戦いを展開する。
- As affiliated families of the Mori clan that ruined the Sue clan exited in both countries, the Mori clan and the Otomo clan started battles in North Chikuzen.
- 日本の貨幣経済の実態や、店舗商業の発展等にも及んだが、その中で技術にまで言及していた。
- The survey also covered the state of the monetary economy and the progress of shop-based goods-selling business in Japan, and in particular, included descriptions related to technology.
- 尾形光琳らによる琳派、土佐派などが活躍、野々村仁清、本阿弥光悦等による陶芸が発展した。
- In fine art, Rinpa school by Korin OGATA and others, and Tosa school played active roles, and Ninsei NONOMURA, Koetsu HONAMI and others developed ceramic art.
- ただし、音楽における京流手事物や陶芸の京焼のように、上方で著しく発展を見たものもある。
- However, like Kyoto style music or Kyo-yaki as Kyoto style ceramic arts, some were highly developed in Kamigata.
- そして第3回展が開催された翌年、8人の書家による新書道会創立という宣言書が発せられた。
- Then in the year following the year when the third exhibition was held, a declaration establishing a new calligraphic association was issued by eight calligraphers.
- また、一般家屋内や商店の内部にて地元伝統工芸品や手芸品、絵画などの展示即売も行われる。
- There is an on-site sale of local traditional crafts, handicraft items and paintings inside general residential houses and stores.
- 現在は宵山に限って残された御神体と懸装品が同山の町内で展示(居祭・いまつり)されている。
- At present, the Goshintai and ornaments that survived the fire are on display in Koromotana-cho just in 'Yoiyama' (the pre-parade event), and the display is called 'Imatsuri.'
- 余興として行われていた曲芸は舞台芸としての太神楽に発展、江戸太神楽や水戸大神楽となった。
- Kyokugei played as a form of entertainment have developed to become a part of dai-kagura played on stage, namely Edo dai-kagura and Mito dai-kagura.
- 美濃書院紙という名は、書院造とともに発展し、明かり障子に最もふさわしい紙として定着した。
- Mino Shoinshi was developed along with the shoin style (a residential architecture study-room style) and holds an established position as paper most suitable for akari shoji.
- 「神籬」と呼ばれる上古の仮設の祭壇が発展して、常設の社殿となったのではないかといわれる。
- It has been suggested that a temporary alter in ancient times called himorogi was developed into a permanent pavillion structure.
- 応仁の乱を期に大きく発展したが、応仁の乱より昔の、5世紀末からこの伝統が伝えられている。
- Although its technique was refined around the period of the Onin War, the tradition was passed down before the war, since the late fifth century.
- 壁画の科学的保存処置については、一部の壁で試験が行われたのみで具体的には進展しなかった。
- The scientific techniques for the preservation of the murals were examined in a part of the walls, however, weren't practically applied.
- また、この頃から、薩摩を経由して伝来した日本武術も、唐手の発展に影響を及ぼしたとされる。
- Around the same time, traditional Japanese martial arts, which were introduced to Okinawa via Satsuma Province, allegedly influenced the development of toudee.
- しかし、火山帯が少ないため湯量が少なく、また泉温が低かったため、温泉地は発展しなかった。
- However, hot spring resorts didn't develop there because of the small quantity of hot spring water as well as its low temperature resulting from the lack of a volcanic belt.
- また、国際的な温泉地の固定名称にもなったベルギーのスパは療養向けに発展した温泉地である。
- Spas in Belgium, which have became the common name for international hot spring resorts, have developed as hot springs for recuperation.
- 当時の欧米史学では、中世は欧米特有なもので、近代へ発展するために必須な時代とされていた。
- In the history study of Europe and America in those days, the medieval times were peculiar to Europe and America and indispensable in developing into the modern age.
- 明治35年(1902年)には六書協会が展覧会を開き、現代の書道団体の形態に近づいてきた。
- In 1902, Rikusho Kyokai (Rikusyo Association) held an exhibition, resembling the forms of present organizations for calligraphy.
- これらの酒郷は、のちに摂泉十二郷と呼ばれる上方の一大酒造地として発展していく母体となった。
- These brewing districts led to the background of the development of a major brewing district in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) which was later called Sessen junigo (the 12 sake brewing districts in Settsu Province and Izumi Province shipping for Edo).
- 漫画表現として鎖帷子を簡略に描いているうちに網シャツを着たキャラクターデザインに発展した。
- While kusari-katabira was drawn simply in the comic expression, it developed a design of character who wear a mesh shirt.
- 期間中は百数十箇所の商店や美術館、博物館にお雛様が展示され、ピンクののぼり旗が目印となる。
- Over the festival period, hina dolls are displayed in a hundred and several tens of shops, and in galleries and museums, and pink, vertically long banners serve as a landmark.
- 地歌・箏曲とともに発展し、当道座の盲人音楽家によって伝承されてきた胡弓音楽を胡弓楽と呼ぶ。
- The Kokyu music that has evolved together with Jiuta songs and So music and has been handed down to subsequent generations by blind musicians at Todo-za is called Kokyu-gaku.
- その後、胡弓音楽は三味線 (三弦) の音楽である地歌、箏の音楽である箏曲と同時に発展した。
- After that, Kokyu music developed consequently with Jiuta songs using Shamisen (with three strings) and with So music (played with So - thirteen-stringed Koto).
- 京都は寺院料理の影響をうけ、また海産物に乏しいことから野菜や乾物を使った料理に発展をみた。
- Because dishes in Kyoto were affected by dishes at temples and marine products were unavailable, dishes using vegetables and dried foodstuffs developed.
- 珠光の弟子の宗珠、武野紹鴎らがわび茶を発展させ、千利休がこれを完成させたと考えられている。
- It is believed that Soju, one of Juko's disciples, and Joo Takeno contributed to the development of wabicha and that SEN no Rikyu completed the style of wabicha.
- 1896年~ 水車精米業、運送業など主に大日本帝国陸軍第16師団司令部の御用商として発展。
- From 1896: He developed his business mainly as a purveyor to the headquarters of Dai Juroku Shidan (the 16th division) of the Imperial Japanese Army, including rice milling with water wheels, transportation and others.
- 戦場、祭礼行事、朝廷での故実・年中行事などに於いて弓術流派はそれぞれに活躍、発展していく。
- In the battlefields, festival events and Kojitsu (ancient practices of customs) or annual events at the Imperial Court, each school of Kyujutsu had flourished and developed.
- しかし、禁武政策と空手発展の因果関係については、近年、これを疑問視する研究者が少なくない。
- Recently, however, many researchers have questioned the correlation between the kinmu seisaku and the development of karate.
- 同朋衆の能力は、会所においては、飾りつけの分野で発揮された(唐物の展示場として、で詳述)。
- The power of Doboshu was carried out in the field of decoration in karamono concerning Kaisho (as the place of exhibition of Karamono (Chinese items) and will be explained in detail).
- この時期には百済から仏教が伝来し、後の飛鳥文化・白鳳文化などの仏教文化へと発展していった。
- In this era, Buddhism was brought to Japan from Kudara (Baekje, Paekche), and Buddhist culture, such as Asuka culture and Hakuho culture in the later era, developed.
- このような後醍醐の感情は、政務を掌握してからのきわめて精力的な政策展開にも表現されている。
- Such feelings of Godaigo are expressed on how extensively he developed his policies after starting to take up governmental affairs.
- 特に菅原道真の怨霊が天神信仰へと発展するに際し、仏教の論理により天部として位置づけられた。
- Especially, when the vindictive spirit of SUGAWARA no Michizane turned to Tenjin belief, he was regarded as Tenbu (deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another) according to Buddhistic logic.
- これに対して朝鮮側は強硬に退去を要求し、日朝間の外交問題に発展、日本では征韓論が台頭した。
- In response, the Korean government adamantly demanded Japanese withdrawal, which subsequently escalated into a diplomatic problem between Japan and Korea, leading to the rise of Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) in Japan.
- 『文明論之概略』の「西洋の文明を目的とす」の一節にて、福沢諭吉は以下の持論を展開している。
- He advances his thesis in a paragraph in the Chapter on 'Western Civilization as our Goal' of 'An Outline of a Theory of Civilization.'
- この鳴鶴から天来への展開は、天来の門弟たちに引き継がれ、この時代に「現代書」として現れる。
- This development from Meikaku to Tenrai was inherited by Tenrai's followers, appearing as 'modern calligraphy' during this period.
- 大正15年(1926年)の第2回展は新築の東京府美術館(現在の東京都美術館)で開催された。
- In 1926, the second exhibition was held at the Tokyo Prefectural Museum (present Tokyo Metropolitan Museum).
- 又、城下町として栄えた西舞鶴と違い、1901年に舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、軍港として発展した。
- Unlike Nishi-Maizuru, which thrived as a castle town, Higashi-Maizuru developed with a naval and army base since the establishment of Maizuru Chinju-fu, Maizuru army and navy bases in 1901.
- そして地歌に合奏することで、多くの地歌曲、ことに手事物をレパートリーとして、大いに発展した。
- Later, Soh music added many jiuta, especially tegotomono, to its repertoire through ensemble and further developed.
- 猿楽の持っていた物まね・道化的な要素を発展させたものであり、せりふも含め写実的表現が目立つ。
- In addition, Kyogen performances including lines contain lots of realistic expressions, because Kyogen was derived from Sarugaku by sophisticating its comical and mimic elements.
- 礼射系は儀礼・儀式的な要素が加味されつつ発展した射の系統を言うが、事実上小笠原流系統をさす。
- The Reisha group refers to a shooting lineage that developed with elements of courtesy and ceremony, but in reality it refers to the Ogasawara school lineage.
- 古くから弓術として戦術、武芸として発展し、現在ではスポーツ、健康体育の面も持ち合わせている。
- It developed long ago as Kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery) for tactics and military art, and today it's also considered a sport or a healthful exercise.
- この禅僧による書は日本の書流唐様と呼ばれ、江戸時代から日本の書流唐様として継承され発展した。
- This calligraphic style by Zen priests was called the Chinese calligraphic style in Japan, and was handed down and developed during the Edo period and later as the Chinese calligraphic style in Japan.
- 11世紀にはかな書道の古典とされる高野切が制作され、12世紀まで多様なかなの書風が展開した。
- In the 11th century, Koya-gire, a classic of kana calligraphy, was produced and this allowed a variety of kana calligraphy styles to be developed by the 12th century.
- 堀は、八幡城の防衛と湖上交通による物流の役割を兼ね備え、城下町の発展・繁栄に大きく寄与した。
- The canal served both as defense for Hachiman Castle and also as a route for transportation in Lake Biwa, contributing hugely to the growth and prosperity of the town.
- 院政期は、治天の君による仏教保護政策などによって寺社の世俗化のおおいに進展した時期であった。
- The Insei period was the period when temples and shrines were becoming secular through Buddhism protection measures by Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power).
- 大正時代末期、当時のほとんどの書家を結集させた書道団体が誕生し、年1回、大展覧会を開催した。
- Towards the end of the Taisho period, a calligraphy-related body where almost all the calligraphers at that time participated in was organized, and they held a big calligraphic exhibition annually.
- 脛指からの誕生や小動物の誕生から策略による結婚への展開は古く御伽草子の一寸法師形よりは新しい。
- The story that evolves from being born from a shin or a finger, and the birth of a small animal to marriage by trickery is old, but is newer than the figure of Issunboshi in Otogi Zoshi.
- - 荷台や本棚のようなものに綺麗に商品を並べ、引き売りしている姿が発展途上国を中心にみられる。
- They are seen mainly in developing countries pulling a luggage rack with something akin to a bookcase with products neatly displayed for sale.
- - チューインガムや飴、味付けしたピーナッツなど様々であるが、発展途上国でよく見る事が出来る。
- This is often seen in developing countries, and chewing gum, candy, and flavored peanuts are some examples of what is sold.
- こうして、平安時代以降、各地の自衛農民団、もしくは自衛海運業者団としての武士団の発展を促した。
- Thus, many bushidan (samurai group) were organized in the Heian period as self-defense groups for farmers and shipping agents.
- この軽量化された衝立てを改良発展して、張り付け壁(副障子)や屏風にも応用していったと思われる。
- It seems that these improved points of the screen were applied to haritsuke kabe (a fixed and unmoving fusuma used as a wall) (also known as fukushoji (set-in translucent screens)) and folding screens.
- 親芋の茎葉を除去し、親芋の葉の先端が湾曲し、十分展開しないことは、子芋の肥大に好影響を及ぼす。
- Removing the stems and leaves of the parent potatoes, makes the tips of their leaves curved, preventing them from spreading too much will have a beneficial effect on the growth of smaller potatoes.
- 食品メーカーの永谷園は1990年代末より、お茶漬けを豪快に食べるコマーシャルメッセージを展開。
- Nagatanien, a food company, rolled out a series of commercial messages on eating chazuke in the late 1990s.
- 887年に即位した宇多天皇は、その数年後に基経が死去すると天皇主導の政治を展開するようになる。
- Emperor Uda, who ascended the throne in 887, began to develop emperor-centric policies when Mototsune passed away a few years later.
- これが発展し鎌倉を本拠とした地方政権を樹立し、東国を中心に守護と地頭の設置を朝廷に認めさせる。
- Due to development of this system, he established a Kamakura-based local government and convinced the Imperial Court to allow him to deploy provincial constables and lords of manors mainly in eastern countries.
- 一方で、産業育成と軍事力強化(富国強兵)を国策として推し進め、近代国家の建設は急速に進展した。
- In addition, the government promoted the fostering of industries and the strengthening of military power (so-called Fukoku-kyohei) as a national policy, forwarding the move to convert Japan into a modern state rapidly.
- 室町幕府の特徴としては、荘園公領制の崩壊=守護領国制への移行や貨幣経済の進展などがあげられる。
- The collapse of the public ownership system of manors = transfer to the system of ownership by Shugo daimyos and the development of a monetary economy are part of the characteristics of Muromachi Bakufu.
- しかし、室町時代には守護領国制の進展にともなって、名田はゆるやかに守護の支配下へ組み込まれた。
- As the shugo-ryogoku system (the system of domination by a governor) grew in the Muromachi period, however, the myoden fields were gradually integrated into the government of shugo (a provincial governor).
- 明治以降には西川産業など企業として発展し、今日の大企業の中にも近江商人の系譜を引くものは多い。
- Many of the large-scale companies today, such as Nishikawa Sangyo which developed as a business enterprise after the Meiji period, have their origin as Omi shonin.
- (犯人を推理する展開を描写の中心とする『捕物帳』ものに付いては小説の執筆や映画公開が許された)
- (Detective novels and films were allowed, as their main theme was solving a mystery.)
- 山背国においては桂川中流域、鴨川 (淀川水系)下流域を支配下におき、その発展に大きく寄与した。
- In Yamashiro Province, the family that ruled the middle reach of the Katsura-gawa River and the lower reach of the Kamo-gawa River (the Yodo-gawa River system) greatly contributed to the improvement of these regions.
- 戦国時代が終わってこれらの技術が発展し、禅の思想や中国の思想や医学などの影響も受けるようになる。
- After the Sengoku period (the Warring States period), the above-mentioned techniques developed, and they began to be influenced by the philosophy of 'Zen' (a sect of Buddhism, which emphasizes focusing one's mind), and by the Chinese philosophy and medical science.
- 芸術系の書道団体と教育系の書道団体があり、芸術系では日本美術展覧会が全国的な公募展を行っている。
- There are Shodo societies consisting of art groups and educational organizations, and the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition of the former is holding exhibitions for publicly chosen pieces nationwide.
- 北澤楽天は1905年に『東京パック』を創刊するなど、日本における風刺漫画の発展に大きく貢献した。
- Rakuten KITAZAWA showed great dedication to the development of Japanese cartoons by launching 'Tokyo Puck' in 1905 and so on.
- 梅の蕾をかたどった「未開紅」、紅葉にしたてた「竜田川」をはじめ、くず菓子の餡など多彩に展開する。
- It has developed into variously including 'Mikaiko' (literally, red ume plum to be flowered) formed plum buds and 'Tatsuta-gawa River' made into autumn leaves, and filling of kuzu-gashi (Japanese sweets made from arrowroot).
- 時代と共に技術、道具共に研鑽が重ねられ、また同時に諸流派それぞれに独自、或は相互に発展を遂げた。
- Over time, its technique and equipment had been improved and each school developed individually at the same time.
- 引き幕によって時間を区切るという演出は物語に時の流れを自然に導入し、複雑な劇の展開を可能にした。
- Through the staging of separating time using a draw curtain, the time flow was naturally introduced into the story, and this enabled a complicated play to be developed.
- 大正11年(1922年)5月、文部省主催の第一回体育展覧会において、富名腰は唐手の演武を行った。
- At the First Gymnastics Exhibition in May 1922, which was hosted by the Ministry of Education, Funakoshi gave a karate demonstration.
- 頂上からは360度の展望を楽しむことができ、晴れた日には遠く、御嶽山や白山をも望むことができる。
- Landscape for 360 degrees can be enjoyed on the mountaintop and additionally, on fine days, view of Mt. Ontake and Mt. Hakusan can be enjoyed.
- 王朝国家体制論に大きな進展をもたらしたのは、坂本賞三(『日本王朝国家体制論』1972年)である。
- Shozo SAKAMOTO made a distinguished contribution to the progress of the Dynastic polity theory with his book 'The Theory of Japanese Dynastic Polity' (1972).
- 藤原氏の氏神である春日大社は、神仏習合の進展により、氏寺である興福寺と一体のものとなっていった。
- Kasuga Taisha Shrine, the private deity of the Fujiwara clan was united with Kofuku-ji Temple, which is an uji-dera temple (temple built for praying for the clan's glory) of the Fujiwara clan, due to the development of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
- これを機に朝廷でも新制が出され、「弘安徳政」と呼ばれる幕府・朝廷共同の政治改革の動きに発展した。
- It galvanized the Imperial court to enact its shinsei and led to the movement of political reform, which is called koan-tokusei (political reforms in the Koan era), carried out by the cooperation between the bakufu and the Imperial court.
- 江戸時代に入ると、大坂を中心とした金融網の形成によって全国的な為替制度へと発展することとなった。
- In the Edo period, a financial network was formed with Osaka at its center, which developed into a national currency exchange system.
- 都市部では、最近の経済発展によるスモッグ(煙霧)との相乗効果で、視程がかなり悪くなることがある。
- When falling in city areas, kosa and smog, generated due to recent economic progress, produce a synergistic effect, sometimes limiting the visibility considerably.
- そこで、弓兵が矢を槍の代わりにして戦う発想から発展していったのが、打根術(うちねじゅつ)である。
- Therefore, Uchine-jutsu (the art of Uchine) developed from the idea that archers use arrows instead of spears in battles.
- その根本原因として、コンビニエンスストアやスーパーマーケットなど小売業の発展や情報化の発展がある。
- The say this is mainly due to the development of retailers, such as convenience stores and supermarkets, and the progress of information technology.
- 一方、狂言は室町時代から江戸時代初期にかけて発展してきた芸能であり、当時の価値観が反映されている。
- On the other hand, kyogen was developed from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period, and it reflected the values at that time.
- また、中国からは仏教を通しても特殊な料理や茶が伝えられ、これはおもに寺院において独自の発展をみた。
- In addition, special dishes as well as tea were also brought to Japan through the introduction of Buddhism form China, and these dishes have been uniquely developed mostly in temples.
- この頃から、宮中に出入りする一方で、京都の町衆の支持も受け、四条派は大きく発展していくことになる。
- From that period, they started to visit the Imperial Court and on the other hand they had the support of people in Kyoto, which developed the Shijo school further.
- もう一方に、駅弁業者を発端として発展し、それぞれの地域で最大級の食品企業となっている調製元がある。
- Another group consists of producers that started and developed their businesses as a Ekiben delicatessen, and then have become one of the largest food companies in their own region.
- 全国制覇とまでは行かないが、かなり広域にチェーン展開をしており成功している(海外にも店舗を持つ)。
- Although it may not be expanding nation-wide, it is nevertheless a successful chain that covers a wide area (there are also branches overseas).
- また、経済の発展により下絵師、彫師、刷師と複雑な工程の分業体制を整えることができた点も重要である。
- Also, the economic development took an important role, as the division of labor was established for the complicated processes among Shitaeshi, Horishi and Surishi.
- より茶の湯に適した建物である茶湯座敷が発展し、連歌を張行する文芸の場としては、数寄座敷が生まれた。
- As a result, Chanoyu zashiki that suited cha no yu developed, and suki zashiki was born as the cultural place to carry out renga (linked poems).
- 11世紀中後期から12世紀初期にかけて成立し、院政期を通じて発展し、鎌倉時代前後に最盛期を迎えた。
- The Shoen-Koryo system was established in the mid to late 11th century and continued through until the early 12th century, so it was developed through the period of the Cloister government, and peaked around the Kamakura period.
- これによって武力衝突に発展して死者も出した上、北野社一帯が炎上したが幕府側が付近の制圧に成功した。
- This lead to an armed conflict leaving some dead, and the area around Kitano-sha Shrine burnt, but the bakufu successfully conquered the surrounding area.
- 王家の分裂が公家社会全体の分裂へと発展してゆくことになった一方、貴族たちの治天への従属は深まった。
- While the division of the Imperial family led to the division of Imperial Court society in general, the subordination of the aristocrats to the Chiten side also progressed.
- 美濃の土岐氏は内部争いが展開され、その隙を突いて主君を追放して美濃国主となったのが斎藤道三である。
- With respect to the Toki clan in Mino, internal conflict was developed and Dosan SAITO took advantage of the situation and exiled his master and became the lord of the Mino Province.
- 同財団は1977年水戸市の徳川光圀の茶室跡に彰考館徳川博物館を開き、その保存・展示につとめている。
- In 1977, this foundation opened the Shoko-Kan Tokugawa Museum at the site of Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA's tea room in Mito City for the purpose to preserve and exhibit the legacy of the Mito family.
- 祭囃子は祭に付随する音楽を総称したもので、各地域にあるそれぞれの祭に密着して発展してきたものである。
- Matsuribayashi is a general term that refers to music associated with festivals and as such, its development is closely linked with festivals of various regions in Japan.
- 美人画という用語は、1940年代から1950年代の頃に日本美術展覧会で醸成され形作られた言葉である。
- The term 'bijinga' was created and shaped in The Japan Fine Arts Exhibition in the 1940's and 1950's.
- 後に宮城四隅疫神祭と平安京の道饗祭が統合され、平安京の四堺における「四境四堺祭」へと発展していった。
- Kyujo Yosumi Ekijin-sai Festival was later united with Dokyo-sai Festival in Heiankyo to be developed into 'Shikyo Shisakai Matsuri ' (Festival of Four Borders and Four-corner Points) at four corner points in Heiankyo.
- また余興、騎射の腕を競う勝負事として、儀礼的な側面が強く敷居の高い流鏑馬とは別に独自の発展を遂げた。
- Also, as a form of entertainment, wagers were made on the skills of the horseback archery competitors which led to the 'Kasakake' form developing separately and independently from the more formalized and somewhat awkward 'Yabusame' form of horseback archery.
- 実際は地方では戦前まで盛んに行われており、大正前後にはまだ多くの流派で多数の門人を抱え発展していた。
- Actually, jujutsu was actively practiced in local areas until the time of World War Ⅱ, and around the Taisho period, many schools were still prosperous having their own pupils.
- 「かんかんのう(看々踊り)」や、「法界節(ほうかいぶし)」や「演歌」も、清楽から発展したものである。
- Kankan no' (Kankan dance), 'Hokaibushi' and 'Enka' (Japanese ballad) all derived from Shingaku.
- 中国伝来の行事と日本古来の風習が習合した上巳の祓は、3月3日の桃の節句(雛祭り)に発展したとされる。
- The purification ceremony held on joshi, which is a syncretic fusion of events of Chinese origin and ancient Japanese customs, is said to have developed into the Doll Festival on March 3.
- 主として大阪・京都を中心に発展してきた歌舞伎の型、技法、演出、演技法、演目、劇壇などを総称して言う。
- Kamigata Kabuki is the collective name for forms, technique, direction, performing method, program, theatrical world and other aspects of Kabuki that have been developed centered on Osaka and Kyoto.
- また江西学派の陸九淵は心の構造論において朱熹と考えを異にし、心即理説にもとづく独自の理論を展開した。
- Additionally, Riku Kyuen (Lu Jiuyuan) of the Kosei school had a different idea from Chu His regarding the theory of structure of the mind, and developed his original theory based on the theory that mind itself is the law.
- 令旨によって熊野の勢力が二つに割れて争乱に発展したため、湛増が平氏に以仁王の謀反を注進したのである。
- Because the military forces of Kumano, upon receiving the command, split into two opposing camps and began rioting, Tanzo sent the Taira clan word of prince Mochihito's plot.
- 朝廷では徳川時代以前の古例を持ち出し、朱子学を正当とする定信と対抗し、朝幕間の学問的論争に発展する。
- The Imperial Court brought up an old case from before the Tokugawa Period to counter Sadanobu, who justified his opposition with Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on the teachings of Zhu Xi and his followers), and so this developed into a scholarly dispute between the Imperial Court and the Bakufu.
- 今井まちなみ交流センター「華甍(はないらか)」 (県指定文化財) - 今井町に関する資料を展示する。
- Imai Machinami Exchange Center 'Hanairaka' (prefectural cultural property): Materials on Imai town are exhibited.
- 続く江戸時代は、農業技術の進歩と新田開発の進展、幕府や藩の財政悪化などによりたびたび検地が行われた。
- In the Edo period, which followed on the heels of Hideyoshi's time, land surveys were occasionally conducted, either to take advantage of advances in agricultural techniques or the opening of new rice paddies, or because the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or the domain conducting the survey had fallen into difficult financial straits.
- いずれにせよこの制度改定は、後述の正徳 (日本)度来日の際のような深刻な外交問題には発展しなかった。
- Anyway, this system change did not develop into a serious diplomatic problem as when Tsushinshi came to Japan in the Shotoku era (1711 - 1716), as described later.
- 律令制を整え発展した唐と連合し,その律令制を受容することで強大化した新羅が,百済・高句麗を滅ぼした。
- The Silla Kingdom, which was strengthened by adopting the Ritsuryo system following its ally, the Tang Dynasty, that had already attained the development by perfecting the Ritsuryo system, overthrew Paekche and Goguryeo.
- 欧米から学んだ会社制度が発達し、制度上は個人商店であった私企業が発展、世界に向けて大規模化していく。
- The company system learned from the western countries was growing, and private companies, which were only privately-run stores in a system, developed on a large scale and carried out overseas expansion.
- 市内東部にある軍港のほか、造船や硝子といった重厚長大産業都市として発展し、舞鶴都市圏を形成している。
- In addition to the military port in the east of Maizuru, the city has undergone development in the areas of heavy industries, shipbuilding and glass industries which form the urban areas of Maizuru.
- また僧坊酒の発展から、奈良酒や天野酒などの、のちの摂泉十二郷の各流派の原型にあたる技法の違いも現れた。
- In addition, the developing Soboshu led to different techniques such as narazake (sake of Nara) and Amanosake (sake of Kongo-ji Temple on Mt. Amano), the original forms of each school of the later Sessen juni go (the 12 sake brewing districts in Settsu Province and Izumi Province shipping for Edo).
- その中で最も威力があり武士に好まれたのが大弓で、大弓を用いた射術も発展し現在に至り、弓道として残った。
- The one that had the most strength and favored by bushi was Daikyu long bow, and the archery evolved and remains today as kyudo.
- まず京都の生田検校が元禄頃、箏の楽器法(調弦および奏法や爪の改良)や楽曲を大きく発展させたといわれる。
- It is said that Ikuta Kengyo in Kyoto developed the way of playing Soh (tuning, playing method, improvement of a pick) as well as Soh music in the era of Genroku.
- その流れは16世紀の戦国時代に広く地方へと普及していき、やがて国民文化として発展していくこととなった。
- This trend spread widely to local regions in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the sixteenth century, resulting in the creation of a national culture.
- 1974年に東京国立博物館で展覧会が催された、様々な画集に入ることで、日本美術史上での価値が確立した。
- In 1974 his works were included in various collections of paintings which were organized in Tokyo National Museum; thus the value of his works according to Japanese art history became confirmed.
- 万作を始め6世野村万蔵の五男・野村万之介や長男・野村萬斎、弟子の石田幸雄を中心に幅広い活動を展開する。
- This group includes Mansaku, his first son Mansai NOMURA, Mannosuke NOMURA who is the fifth son of Manzo NOMURA the sixth, and their follower Yukio ISHIDA, and with all of them leading the group, it has been active in a variety of fields.
- 開国したことで欧米の諷刺雑誌を入手できるようになり、これらを模倣することで日本の漫画は発展していった。
- Western satire magazines became available afterJapan marked the end of a long period of isolation and Japanese comics developed by imitating them.
- 狭義には大いに発展した江戸時代の関孝和以降のそれを指すが、西洋数学導入以前の数学全体を指すこともある。
- In a strict sense, wasan refers to mathematics developed by Takakazu SEKI that flourished during the Edo period, but in a wider sense, it refers to mathematics in general practiced and studied in Japan before the introduction of mathematics from Europe.
- 岩石唐紙をさらに改良したものが泰平紙で、これをさらに明治時代に入って改良発展させたものが楽水紙である。
- The taihei-shi (literary, peace-paper) was a modification of ganseki-toshi and its further modification was the rakusui-shi (literary, happy water paper) produced in the Meiji period.
- 京都・大覚寺宸殿の障壁画『牡丹図』『紅白梅図』が代表作で、金地に色彩豊かで装飾的な画面を展開している。
- His best works are 'Peonies' and 'Red and White Plum Trees' in the main house of Kyoto Daikaku-ji Temple, and they have colorful and decorative pictures on a golden base.
- 平安時代の末期、皇族・貴族内部の権力闘争が、保元の乱・平治の乱といった軍事衝突に発展するようになった。
- The power struggle amongst Imperial family members and the aristocracy during the later Heian period led to military conflicts such as Hogen Rebellion and Heiji Rebellion.
- 東海道と中山道と北国街道が交差する交通の要衝である近江国の地の利を生かして商業地として発展、繁栄した。
- It was developed and flourished as a commercial district making use of geographical advantage of Omi Province which was an important point for traffic in which Tokaido Road, Nakasendo Road and Hokkoku Kaido Road crossed with each other.
- 後醍醐天皇も延喜・天暦期を天皇親政が行われた理想の時代と認識し、武家政治を排して建武の新政を展開した。
- Emperor Godaigo also acknowledged the Engi and Tenryaku eras as the ideal reigns when the direct rule by emperors was carried out and he rejected a samurai government and conducted the Kenmu Restoration.
- ロシアはなお陸軍は維持していたが、海軍力の大半を失い、国内でも革命運動が発展していたため講和に傾いた。
- Russia still sustained the army but, due to the fact that much of the sea power had been lost and a revolutionary movement was developing within the country, it leaned towards making peace with Japan.
- 第2回展を終えた翌年、昭和14年(1939年)1月4日、天来が急逝したが会は遺業を受け継いで存続した。
- On January 4, 1939, in the year following when its second exhibition was held, Tenrai died suddenly, but the association remained, inheriting his great achievements.
- これに伴い写経が盛んになり、また高麗の僧、曇徴が紙や墨の製法を伝えたことにより、書道は急速に発展する。
- Then Buddhist scriptures were copied widely, and additionally because Damjing, a priest in Goryeo, brought to Japan the methods of manufacturing paper and ink sticks, calligraphy developed rapidly.
- その後、土岐持益 (守護)の頃に富島氏と斎藤氏の争いが、美濃全土を巻き込む内乱に発展した(美濃錯乱)。
- Subsequently, at the time when Mochimasu TOKI served as Shugo, a conflict between the Tomishima clan and the Saito clan escalated into a civil war, involving the whole Mino Province (Mino Civil War).
- 松浦の完成した「京流手事物」は、後輩にあたる石川勾当や菊岡検校、光崎検校らに受け継がれ更に発展してゆく。
- Kyoto-style tegotomono' which MATSUURA completed was handed down to his junior fellows such as koto (the title of the official ranks within the Todo-za) ISHIKAWA, kengyo KIKUOKA and kengyo MITSUZAKI and developed further.
- また、羽子板市では株式会社久月が、その年に話題となった人物を素材にした変わり羽子板を作成、出展している。
- Also, at the Hagoita Racquet Festival, Kyugetsu Co. Ltd. produces and displays unusual Hagoita racquets that are adorned with images based on talked-about individuals of that given year.
- これらがやがて、「猿樂の能」となり、公家や武家の庇護をも得つつ、能や狂言に発展していったと言われている。
- It is believed that these performances became known as 'Noh of Sarugaku' and eventually evolved into Noh and Kyogen under the protection of court nobles and warrior families.
- 極端なものでは日本で96本足のあるタコが捕獲されたことがあり、志摩マリンランドに標本として展示してある。
- As an extreme example, an octopus with 96 legs has been captured in Japan and it is currently being displayed as a specimen in Shima Marine Land aquarium.
- 一方で、大手スーパーマーケットで展開している安価な自社プライベートブランド商品の売れ行きが大きく躍進した
- On the other hand, inexpensive own-brand products deployed in major super markets have made a big leap.
- 彼はさらに進んで、数値計算の結果を手がかりに (arcsin x)2の冪級数展開を世界で初めて計算した。
- Using the result of the calculation, Takabe further calculated the power series expansion of (arcsin x)2 for the first time in the world.
- 若衆歌舞伎が禁止される際に、幕府より「物真似狂言づくし」を義務付けられたことも演劇的発展の一因になった。
- Before banning Wakashu Kabuki, the Tokugawa shogunate ordered them to play 'impersonation & 'Kyogen' (Noh comedies),' and this also encouraged the development of Kabuki as a drama.
- 田舎の武術的要素をもった琉球舞踊から、沖縄固有の武術「手(ティー)」が生まれ、空手へと発展したとする説。
- This theory asserts that a country-style Ryukyu dance having an element of a martial art developed into 'tee,' a martial art peculiar to Okinawa, which in turn developed into karate.
- それゆえ、禁武政策による空手発展説を「全く根拠のない巷間の浮説」(藤原稜三)と一刀両断する研究者もいる。
- The theory that karate developed due to the kinmu seisaku is therefore refuted by some researchers as 'completely groundless fiction invented in the streets' (Ryozo FUJIWARA).
- アジア・アフリカはいまだ(当時)古代社会であり、欧米のような近代社会に発展することは不可能とされていた。
- Asia and Africa were still in the ancient societies (in those days) and were not able to develop into modern societies like Europe and America.
- ただし、戦後の雄琴温泉は歓楽温泉として発展したことで、雄琴の集客において一役買っていたことも事実である。
- However, in fact, the red-light area played a part in attracting guests for Ogoto Onsen, which developed as a hot springs resort with red-light areas, after the war.
- 当時はちょうど荘園公領制の発展過程の時期にあたり、荘園・国衙領(公領)の運営体制が確立しようとしていた。
- This was the time when the Shoen koryo (public lands) system was developed and the management system for shoen, kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) was being established.
- 荘園公領制の展開に伴って荘園領主への貢納のうち、国衙領でいう官物にあたるものが年貢と呼ばれるようになる。
- Following the development of the shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates), a part of the tribute paid to the lord of shoen (manor in medieval Japan), which was equivalent to the Kanmotsu for kokuga-ryo (territories governed by provincial government office), was called Nengu (land tax).
- しかしながら、これは従来の饗応、待遇を全面的に変更するものであり、結果として日朝間の外交摩擦に発展する。
- However, the former ways of treating and entertaining the envoy were totally changed in the new system, resultantly leading to diplomatic conflicts between Japan and Korea.
- 室町時代に入って結崎座の観阿弥・世阿弥父子が将軍家に重んじられて猿楽を能(猿楽能)として発展させている。
- In Muromachi period, Kannami and Zeami (father and his son), the Sarugaku performers of Yuzaki Group, were highly regarded by the Muromachi Shogunate family, and they developed the Sarugaku into the form of Noh (Sarugaku Noh) under the patronage of Muromachi Shogunate family.
- 現代では東海自然歩道が山中を通過しており、また山頂からの展望も良いことから、一年を通じてハイカーが多い。
- Today, since the Tokai-shizen-hodo (Tokai walking path full of nature) runs through the mountain and the view from the mountain top is beautiful, many hikers visit this mountain all year round.
- 肉筆で絵を描き添えていたが、後に木版刷りで量産されるようになり、江戸時代には小間紙、千代紙などに発展した。
- The pictures on the E-hoshoshi, which were originally drawn by hand, were starting to be mass-printed by wood-block printing techniques later, and the E-hoshoshi was developed into Komagami, Chiyogami, etc. in the Edo period.
- 鎌倉時代の猿楽が発展し、観阿弥や世阿弥らの登場によって現在の能楽とほぼ同等の芸能としての猿楽が形作られる。
- During these periods, the Sarugaku of the Kamakura period further evolved thanks to Kanami and Zeami, as well as the establishment of Sarugaku, which was nearly equivalent to the present-day Nogaku.
- さらにこのような模刻に対する批判は、それを用いて伝承されて来た法帖自体に対する疑惑と碑への傾倒に発展した。
- The criticism against mokoku then raised doubts about the hojo which had been handed down using the method and promoted respect for monuments.
- 京指物は平安時代の貴族文化の中で発展し、朝廷や公家が主に用いていたことから優雅かつ精緻な細工を特徴とする。
- Since Kyo-sashimono was developed in the noble culture of the Heian period and its products were mainly used at the Imperial Court and by court nobles, graceful and fine workmanship constitutes a characteristic feature of this.
- 蕪村から学んだ文人画(南画)を基礎とし、応挙の写生画風を取り入れ、独自の形で発展させ、四条派を作り上げる。
- He rather took the realism of Okyo in his own style and developed it uniquely on the basis of literati painting (Nanga) learned from Buson and built up the Shijo school.
- つづいて仏教が伝来し飛鳥時代の聖徳太子、奈良時代の聖武天皇によって写経が盛行し、日本の書は急速に発展する。
- Then Buddhism was brought to Japan, and promoted by Prince Shotoku during the Asuka period and by Emperor Shomu during the Nara period, sutras were copied widely, making calligraphy in Japan develop rapidly.
- 俵屋宗達や緒方光琳などが、狩野派の絵画技法を継承発展させて、金碧障壁画は日本美術に実に大きな影響を与えた。
- Sotatsu TAWARAYA, Korin OGATA and other painters succeeded and further developed the technique of paintings of the Kano School, so that kinpeki-shohekiga had a large impact on the art in Japan.
- この扇面に絵を描く必要から、湾曲した形状(いわゆる扇形)の紙に描く、扇絵と呼ばれる日本画の形式が発展した。
- From the need for painting on a curved area, fan painting progressed in drawing pictures on a curved shape (ogigata- or senkei-shaped place) was developed and is known as a Japanese painting style.
- その弟子、許慎は『説文解字』を著して今文による文字解釈の妥当性を否定し、古文学の発展に大きく寄与している。
- His disciple, Kyoshin (Xu Shen), wrote 'Setsumon-kaiji' (Shuowen Jiezi) to deny the legitimacy of character interpretation based on Kinbun, and made a significant contribution to the development of Kobun learning.
- 琉球の沖縄本島で空手が発展した理由として、従来言及されてきたのが、二度にわたって実施された禁武政策である。
- Traditionally, the kinmu seisaku (a ban on weapons), which was implemented twice, has been cited as the reason that karate prospered in Okinawa's main island during the Ryukyu Kingdom era.
- 荘園公領制の変質が、社会各層における対立を顕在化させ、南北朝の争いを大義名分とする全国的な抗争が展開した。
- Changes in the nature of shoen koryo sei made confrontations in each social class of the nation apparent, developing into nation-wide confrontations with the confrontation between the Northern Court and the Southern Court used as a legitimate reason.
- 大名と家臣の関係も必要に応じ登城し務めを果たす関係から常に登城し務めを果たす専従の関係へと発展していった。
- This caused a change in the relationship between vassals and daimyo; whereas vassals formerly went to the castle to work when necessary, under the new policy they were required to work in the castle every day.
- 平安時代中期の貴族社会において、官職や職能が特定の家系に固定化していく「家業の継承」が急速に進展していた。
- In the society of the nobility of the middle Heian period, the trend of the 'succession of family business' rapidly became popular, and only specific families began to occupy certain government official posts or occupations.
- しかし、交易の発展にともない豆毛浦倭館は手狭になり、交通も不便であったので、朝鮮側に再三移転要求を行った。
- However, since its space became insufficient as the commerce had been thriving, combined with its poor transportation conditions, the Japanese-side repeatedly asked the Korean government for its relocation.
- 会話が少なく、主にいわゆる「地の文」で展開される話を「地噺(じばなし)」と呼ぶ(『紀州 (落語)』など)。
- Stories made up of so-called descriptive parts and few dialogues are called 'ji-banashi,' exemplified by 'Kishu Rakugo.'
- 聖武天皇が奈良時代の天平文化の中心者であったと同様に、この時代の弘仁文化は嵯峨天皇を中心に大きく発展した。
- As Emperor Shomu was the central person of the Tenpyo culture, the Konin culture in this period developed greatly centered on Emperor Saga.
- しかし国内で生産されるワインには輸入果汁やバルクワインの混入も多く、まだまだ発展途上といわれ評価は低かった。
- However, imported juices and bulk wine were added to most of the wine produced in Japan and Japanese wine was said to be still developing and it received a low score.
- 物事の展開が観客にとっての謎を生むことで心理が不安定に傾き、その後に謎が解決して安定することで笑いが起きる。
- A riddle comes up in the development of the story, which gives the audience a sense of instability, but later, when the solution comes, people regain their sense of stability and laugh.
- プロジェクトが停滞する要所でたびたび登場し、資金援助や暗号キーの解読などによりその後の物語を急展開へと導く。
- He appears from time to time in key points when the project is set back and leads the story to rapid development through his funding and decipherment of an encryption key.
- 引退後は芝居茶屋・紀伊國屋を立ち上げてその経営にあたり、明治初年にはこれを芝居小屋・澤村座に発展させている。
- After retiring, he set up and ran a tea room called Kinokuniya and in the Meiji Period this grew to become the Sawamura-za Theater.
- ベニハナチェーンを展開している青木廣彰が出演していたテレビ番組における演出的な鉄板焼き料理がその原点である。
- The teppan-yaki dishes that Hiroaki AOKI, having developed the Benihana restaurant chain, cooked in a TV show emphasizing cooking performance is its origin.
- このように、「絵」の部分が長大に続き、巻物を繰り広げるにつれて画面が展開していく構図を「連続式構図」という。
- This kind of composition of long successive series of 'e' to show development of scenes by unrolling a scroll is called 'progression style composition.'
- 上記の展望台などにある「股のぞき台」の上に乗って、反対方向を向いて、股の間から天橋立をみるという方法である。
- People get on a platform for Mata-nozoki at the observatories in the places above, turn their back to Amanohashidate, and bend down and look from between their legs.
- 本項では主に「焼肉店」と称される店舗において展開され、肉を焼網などに乗せあぶって食べる料理について解説する。
- This article describes yakiniku as meat cooked on a grill and eaten at 'yakiniku restaurants' in Japan.
- 今日温泉町として知られるバースやカルルスバードなどは保養地としても発展し、温泉病院や老後施設なども完備する。
- Bath and Carlsbad, well-known as the town of hot spring currently, have developed as health resorts and there are hot spring hospitals and nursing homes at present.
- 日本の温泉が入浴本位で発展したのに対し、欧州の温泉は飲用を主に、日光浴や空気浴を加えた保養地として発達した。
- While hot springs have been used basically for bathing in Japan, they have been mainly used in Europe for drinking as well as for resorts where people enjoy sun-bathing and air-bathing.
- 彼ら同士の対立や受領に対する不平が叛乱へ発展したのが、忠平執政期の940年前後に発生した承平天慶の乱である。
- However, conflicts among warriors and disaffectedness toward zuryo turned into a rebellion, the Johei-Tengyo War, during Tadahira's administration around 940.
- 明治末期には、ドイツ歴史学派の影響による発展段階史観が唱えられ、またマルクス主義による唯物史観が紹介された。
- Towards the end of the Meiji period, evolution phase-based views of history was advocated affected by the German historical school, and materialistic views of history based on Marxism was introduced to Japan as well.
- このような相違は、国家権力の強さ、土地私有性および交換経済の発展の状態などの相違を反映させたものとみられる。
- Such differences may have been a reflection of the strength in government power and the state of development of a system for private ownership of land and an exchange economy.
- 現地経営・支配の本拠として、武士・在地領主は交通の要衝となる道や港津の近隣や展望のきく高台などに館を置いた。
- As a base for managing and ruling the area, samurai and landlord established their own town in the vicinity of the roads or ports which worked as a linchpin of traffic, or on the elevated ground which provided them with an extensive view.
- 10世紀から11世紀にかけて、貴族社会において特定の家系が一つの官司を世襲する「官司の家業化」が急速に進展。
- From the 10th to the 11th century 'the hereditary governmental offices' which were transmitted among certain families in the aristocratic society developed rapidly.
- 墾田永年私財法が制定されると中央の寺社・貴族は、律令国家・国衙の積極的な援助のもとに大規模な開墾を展開する。
- After the Konden Einen Shizai Law (a law allowing farmers to permanently own reclaimed fields) was enacted, temples and shrines, as well as nobles in the capital began reclaiming fields on a large scale with active support from the Kokuga (provincial government offices) under the ritsuryo code.
- もしくは、それらが何らかの主張のもと既成の支配体制に対して武力行使を含む抵抗運動を展開している状態を指した。
- Ikki also referred to a state in which the uncertified military forces would carry out a resistance movement, including the use of armed forces, against the existing regime based on a claim.
- だが、昭和48年に小倉藩主家である小笠原総領家第32代当主小笠原忠統を古流総裁に迎え、流儀の発展をはかった。
- But in 1973, Tadamune OGASAWARA, who was the 32nd head of the main Ogasawara family, which is the family of lord of Kokura Domain, assumed the position of the president of the Ko school to promote development of the school.
- 第1回展は北京中南海公園懐仁堂・大連三越・上海中部日本学校・南京朝天宮・大阪市立美術館の5会場で公開された。
- Its first exhibition was held publicly at the five sites of the Huairentang hall in the Zhong Nan Hai park of Beijing, Mitsukoshi in Dalian City, the Japanese school in the center of Shanghai, Chaotiangong in Nanjing, and Osaka Municipal Museum of Art.
- また、日下部鳴鶴門下の比田井天来は鳴鶴の古典研究をさらに発展させて、書の近代化と芸術的独立のために努力した。
- In addition, Tenrai HIDAI, a follower of Meikaku KUSAKABE, further progressed the study of classic calligraphy, and made an effort to modernize calligraphy and to make calligraphy independent of other art.
- しかし近年の軍事貴族研究の進展とともに、安倍氏を王朝国家特有の「兵(つわもの)」と見る考え方が登場している。
- However, in accordance with the progress of the studies in recent years on the military aristocracy, a view to regard the Abe clan as 'Tsuwamono' (soldiers) characteristic of the Imperial Court State have emerged.
- 義弥の孫義央が、儀典の指導に関して浅野長矩との間に確執を生じ、元禄赤穂事件に発展したことはよく知られている。
- It is well known that, Yoshinaka, a grandson of Yoshimitsu, caused a discord with Naganori ASANO regarding the guidance of the protocol, and it developed into the Genroku Ako Incident.
- さらに大正2年(1913年)には正木直彦が選択委員に加わり、竹内栖鳳ら官展系の人気作家が任命されるようになる。
- On top of that, after Naohiko MASAKI joined the judges in 1913, Seiho TAKEUCHI and other craftspeople, who were popular in exhibitions sponsored by Ministry of Education, came to be appointed.
- 最大のものは直径200cmの傘の中に999個の細工をつるした高さ270cmの傘福が山王クラブに展示されている。
- The biggest one is 270cm high with and umbrella of 200 cm in diameter and 999 hanging ornaments, which is exhibited in Sanno Club (a tourist facility of Sakata City).
- また、上方と江戸で別々に発展したため、以下のように東西によって落語の題名が違ったり、片方にしかない演目がある。
- As rakugo developed separately in Kamigata and Edo, some programs have different names or are found only in either area.
- 江戸時代に大きく発展したため、戦闘で着用する甲冑は前提とされず、平時の服装での斬り合いを想定している型が多い。
- As Kenjutsu developed considerably during the Edo period, most of kata (forms of Kenjutsu) were created under the assumption that the fight would be in a peaceful time between people wearing ordinary clothes, not a fight on a battlefield in which people would wear kacchu (armor).
- 間仕切り建具としての発展的形態から見ると、「障子」は、衝立の原型といえる台脚の上に立てる衝立障子が原型である。
- Judging from the development of styles as partition fittings, the original 'shoji' was tsuitate-shoji on a stand which could be said to be an original form of screen.
- 千利休はわび茶をさらに発展させ、国産の道具を用いるだけでなく自身で器具を積極的にデザインし、職人につくらせた。
- SEN no Rikyu endeavored to develop wabicha further, and had professionals produce utensils based upon the designs he drew to use for his tea ceremonies in addition to his ordinary Japanese utensils.
- 日本では観光用などを除いてあまり見かけられなくなったが、アジアをはじめとする発展途上国ではごく普通に見られる。
- Although it is no longer seen in Japan apart from sightseeing, in some developing countries in Asia and elsewhere it is still a very common sight.
- メインの「とんこつラーメン」は大量の豚骨を高温で煮込んだ極めて濃厚なスープで、こってり系の発展系と考えられる。
- Features a 'pork bone broth ramen' which uses a very thick soup made out of boiling a huge amount of pork bones at high temperature, and is considered to be an evolved form of thick type of soup.
- これ以降、「七夕祭り」が集客力のある商店街イベントとして認知され、現在では都市イベントとなるまで発展している。
- Since then, 'Tanabata Matsuri' was acknowledged as an event of a shopping avenue which has the ability to attract more customers and has developed as one of city events at present.
- 知行国制は、荘園公領制の進展と軌を一にしたものであり、経済的利得権が権門勢家へ集中していったことを表している。
- Chigyo kokusei developed together with shoen koryosei, which means only the influential could derive economic profits.
- 侍(さむらい)は、古代から中世にかけての日本における官人の身分呼称、あるいはそこから発展的に生じた武士の別名。
- 'Samurai' is the positional title for officials in Japan from the ancient to middle ages, and an alternative name for 'bushi' (warrior) that was derived from the first meaning.
- また、農業生産の向上は、手工業や広い範囲での流通を劇的に進展させ、さらに貨幣経済の普及をもたらすこととなった。
- An increase in agricultural production brought about not only dramatic progress in manual industry and commerce over a wide area but also the development of a monetary economy.
- 展示用の作品には、見栄えの関係で選定した洋紙や和紙を正方形(あるいは作品に応じた形)に裁断して使うことが多い。
- In many cases, Western or Japanese paper selected for appearance is cut into a square (or an appropriate shape for them) for models destined for exhibition.
- こうして光崎検校の多面的な試みの内に、実に一世紀半ぶりに、箏曲は次第に地歌三味線から離れ、独自の再発展が始まる。
- With Mitsuzaki Kengyo's multifaceted experiments, koto music gradually left jiuta shamisen to start its unique development after one and a half centuries.
- また、カステラのように、ヨーロッパから伝わった製法が独自に発展した例や、卓袱料理の様に中国から伝わった例もある。
- The cooking methods of some foods from Europe, such as castella sponge cakes, were modified when they were introduced to Japan, while other foods came from China, like Shippoku ryori (special Chinese cuisine in Nagasaki Prefecture, to which Japanese cooking methods were introduced).
- 鉄砲の伝来と共に戦場では使われなくなった武術の薙刀術のうち女薙刀が、明治末から大正にかけて女子の武道として発展。
- With a harquebus introduced in Japan, naginata wielding techniques became rarely used on the battlefield, but from the last days of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, they were partially revived as a martial art for women, and this was called 'onna naginata' (women's naginata).
- 商業的に売り上げの落ちる1月後半~2月初旬の販売イベントとして、主にコンビニエンスストアを中心として各地で展開。
- As a sales event from late January until early February, which is commercially a period of depressed sales, sale of ehomaki expanded with a central focus on mostly convenience stores.
- また、技術面でも印刷術の発展によって模刻という手法自体が時代遅れとなり、自然消滅せざるを得なくなったのであった。
- Moreover, the method of mokoku itself also became technologically outdated by the development of the printing technology, and had no choice but to disappear on its own.
- 10世紀半ばは、かなが日本の書道史草仮名から日本の書道史女手へ発展する頃で、『継色紙』では草仮名が使われている。
- Around the middle of the 10th century, kana arose as 'sogana' (a cursive style of writing Chinese characters used for their phonetic value) developed into 'onnade' (hiragana syllabary) and the 'Tsugi-shikishi' is written in sogana.
- 日本の竈も社会の高度化に伴って多様化し、七輪のような移動の簡便な焜炉が発展する以前より、長く広く利用されていた。
- Japanese-style kamado increased in variation with the advancement of society, and they had been used widely for a long time before the portable cooking charcoal stove developed.
- また日置流誕生以降、歩射技術が様々に発展したが、その中でも江戸時代に隆盛した通し矢(堂射)は独自の発展を遂げた。
- Moreover, various Busha techniques had developed after the establishment of the Heki school, among which Toshiya (Dosha) (通し矢), which was at it's peak during the Edo Period, developed independently.
- - もとは摂泉十二郷の銘柄であった『男山』340年の歴史と江戸時代の資料、文献、酒器などが展示、公開されている。
- The history for 340 years of 'Otokoyama' which was one of brands for Sessen Junigo and materials, literatures, sake drinking sets and so on during the Edo Period are exhibited to the public.
- 多くが人形浄瑠璃や歌舞伎といった舞台芸能と結びついて発展してきた近世邦楽の中で、舞台芸能とは比較的独立している。
- Among the many pieces of modern traditional Japanese music that developed in association with stage entertainment, such as ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) and kabuki, jiuta is relatively independent from stage entertainment.
- 以後、院政を展開しようとする霊元上皇とこれを阻もうとする近衛基熙や江戸幕府との長い確執が始まる事になるのである。
- There ensued a prolonged feud between the Retired Emperor Reigen, attempting to exercising virtual ruling authority as retired emperor, on one hand and Motohiro KONOE and the Bakufu in Edo trying to obstruct the retired Emperor's intention on the other.
- 1975年(昭和50年)、「よみがえる近江八幡の会」が設立され、堀の保存修景運動は、市民全体の運動へと展開した。
- In 1975, the 'Yomigaeru Omihachiman no kai (Association for Restoring Omihachiman)' was formed, and the canal preservation and restoration movement grow in scale to involve the citizens at large.
- しかし、守護領国制の展開と政治・財政基盤の京都及びその周辺への依存が高まるにつれて徳政令などの経済法が増加する。
- However, economic statutes, such as Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts), increased as deployment of Shugo-ryogoku system (the system whereby a Shugo dominates a manor), and as politics and corporate finances depended more on Kyoto and vicinity.
- さらにそれを発展させたのが豊臣秀吉で、豊臣政権の政治経済の中心となった大坂城下は富の集積地となって殷賑を極めた。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI developed this further and the castle town of Osaka-jo Castle, which became the center of politics and economy under the Toyotomi government, became a center for riches and was very prosperous.
- 2007年には「静岡おでんの会」という団体が「B-1グランプリ」という食の祭典に静岡おでんを出展し、3位となった。
- In 2007, an organization called 'Shizuoka Oden no Kai' entered Shizoka Oden at a food festival known as the 'B-1 Grand Prix,' and it came third in the competition.
- しかし、江戸中期に糊で防染する友禅の技法が出現・発展すると、自由度・手間の両面で劣る辻ヶ花は、急速に廃れ消滅した。
- However, when the technique 'yuzen,' which uses starch for preventing a dye from soaking into cloth, was devised and developed in the middle of the Edo period, tsujigahana rapidly went into decline and disappeared, because tsujigahana was inferior to yuzen in leeway and labor.
- 次の世代の安島直円は、三斜三円術(マルファッティの定理)などを発見し、これらの問題の系統的な解法の発展に寄与した。
- Naonobu Ajima, who belonged to the next generation, founded sansha sanen-jutsu (the method of three diagonals and three circles; Malfatti's Problem) and contributed to further solving these mathematical problems in a systematic manner.
- 日本刀(にほんとう、英:Japanese sword)は、日本に於いて独自に発展した方法で鍛えられた刀剣類の総称。
- Japanese swords (日本刀) are a generic term for swords forged in the originally developed way in Japan.
- しかし、辛亥革命が起こると、康有為は上海市に孔教会を設立して布教に努め、孔教を中華民国の国教にする運動を展開した。
- However, when the Xinhai Revolution occurred, Ko Yui (Kang Youwei) established a Ko-kyo association in Shanghai City as a propagation effort, and rolled out a movement to make Ko-kyo the state religion of the Republic of China.
- またアメリカ合衆国のフロリダに苗木が送られたのを皮切りに北米や朝鮮にも輸出される様になり、海外への展開も始まった。
- Starting with the seedling exports to Florida, USA, it began to export unshu mikan to North America and Korea and oversea deployment started in full swing.
- 政党政治に代って日本軍が力を持ち、満州を占領して満州国を樹立し、やがて中華民国との日中戦争(支那事変)に発展した。
- The Japanese army came to have power replacing party politics, and occupied Manchuria and established Manchukuo, developing, before long, into the Sino-Japanese war (Shina-jihen) with the Republic of China.
- 草加宿が日光街道の宿場町として発展したことに伴い、この塩味の煎餅が旅人向けの商品として売り出され、各地に広まった。
- As Soka-juku developed as a relay station on the Nikko-kaido Road, this salty senbei was sold more to travelers and became widely known everywhere.
- 現存する中国の石刻文字資料としては最古のもので、出土した当時から珍重され、現在は北京市故宮博物院に展示されている。
- Sekkobun is the oldest stone-inscribed character material in those that exits in China, has been treasured since sekkobun was excavated, and is exhibited in the Palace Museum in Beijing City.
- そして和三盆は貴重な特産品として諸国へ売りに出されたが、これは全国の和菓子や郷土菓子の発展に大いなる貢献を果たした。
- Wasanbon was put on the market of other domains as a precious local specialty and greatly contributed for development of Japanese sweets and local sweets across the nation.
- この時代の印刷・出版技術の発展とともに、出版文化が発達していき、黄表紙などによって盛んに題材として妖怪が用いられた。
- With the development of printing and publishing technology during this period, yokai was frequently used as a theme of picture books.
- 以後百三十年間御神体と懸装品を宵山に限って同鉾町内で展示する「居祭」を行ってきたが、平成7年(1995年)から中止。
- After that, the 'Imatsuri' had been held whereby the object of worship and the objects used for decoration were exhibited in the Yamahokocho only in Yoiyama for 130 years; but was discontinued in 1995.
- 昭和42年煎茶道文化黄檗遺墨展開催、昭和45年日本万国博覧会に参加、昭和48年-昭和52年、5年連続ハワイ茶会開催。
- The association held an exhibition of Senchado culture and calligraphy left by departed Obaku monks in 1967, participated in the Japan World Exposition in 1970, and held a tea ceremony in Hawaii for five years consecutively from 1973 to 1977.
- そのため、積極的な政策展開よりも行事や儀式の先例通りの遂行や人事決定が政治の中で大きなウェイトを占めることとなった。
- From this reason, performing court events and ceremonies according to precedent or personnel decisions were given a greater importance in politics rather than actively carrying out policies.
- 財閥形成の過程として、片倉財閥の様に製糸業に注力するなど、一つの事業に集中して投資し、芋づる式に発展する場合が多い。
- The typical process of forming a zaibatsu shows, as seen in an example of Katakura Zaibatsu, that entrepreneurs concentrate on a single business, such as the silk-reeling industry, and then expand the business through the imozuru system.
- 鎌倉時代、地頭は、荘園公領支配への進出を積極的に展開したが、特に下地の支配権(下地進止権という)の獲得に力を注いだ。
- During the Kamakura period, jito made an aggressive attempt to control soen and koryo, and in particular, they focused on acquisition of the right to control shitaji (shitaji-shinshi ken - the right to appropriate land).
- 一方、西国では国衙領に権利を有する皇室・公家・寺社の影響が依然として強く、守護の国衙介入はさほど進展していなかった。
- On the other hand, in Saigoku (the western part of Japan, particularly Kyushu region, but ranging as far east as Kinki), the Imperial household, kuge (court nobles), and temples and shrines that had a title to the territories of kokuga had invariably maintained a strong influence, which restrained shugo from interfering in kokuga too much.
- 甲斐荘敬司 株式会社ジャパンエナジー精製技術センター主任研究員、共著「白色LED照明システム技術の応用と将来展望」。
- Keiji KAINOSHO, a senior researcher of Japan Energy Co. and a co-author of the book 'Hakushoku LED Shome system Gijutsu no Oyo to Shorai Tenbo (The Application of the White LED Lighting System Technology and its Future Prospects).'
- こうした大地主が始めた酒蔵のなかには、そのまま発展して今日の日本酒業界でいわゆる「大メーカー」となっている会社も多い。
- Among such sake breweries which were started by large landowners, many sake breweries continuously developed into 'large breweries' in today's sake brewing industry.
- 彼の創始した京友禅の技法を本人が加賀藩(現在の石川県)の城下町金沢に持ち込んで独自の発展を遂げたものを加賀友禅という。
- He brought the technique of Kyo-Yuzen that he started into Kanazawa, the castle town of Kaga Domain (present Ishikawa Prefecture), and the technique was developed into a unique style, which is called Kaga-Yuzen.
- 中国料理で言えば、元来中国料理にはラーメンという調理品目はなく、あくまでラーメンは日本で独自の発展を遂げた料理である。
- For example, in Chinese cuisine, there was originally no such dish as 'ramen'; it is a dish that was developed uniquely in Japan.
- いっぽう、商工業の発展や郷村制の成立にともなって、都市の商工業者(町衆)や農民のあいだにも新しい文化がうまれていった。
- Meanwhile, with the development of commerce and industry and the establishment of Gosonsei system (the self-governing system of coalitions of villages), a new style of culture developed among commercial and industrial workers in urban areas (Machishu) as well as peasants.
- そのためにひとつの演目で、時代物と世話物が幕間をはさんで混在するような、複雑なストーリー展開をみせるものも少なくない。
- And so, many had a complicated story that alternately showed, for example, Jidaimono & Sewamono in a single program, with an intermission in between.
- 後漢になると、古文経が学官に立てられることはなかったものの、民間において経伝の訓詁解釈学を発展させて力をつけていった。
- In the later Han, Kobun-kei was never assigned as gakkan, but they gained influence by advancing the study on interpretation of the meaning of old characters, words and phrases of the sacred texts among ordinary citizens.
- しかし、日本ほど湿潤な気候でないことと、入植した白人には入浴という習慣が根付いていなかったため、さほど進展しなかった。
- Such development, however, didn't progress very much because its climate was not as humid as that of Japan and the practice of bathing was not prevalent among the white people who settled there.
- ヤマト王権の時代になれば、刑法を中心とした法が、中国古代法の影響をうけながら不文法の形で発展していたことが推測される。
- During the royal Yamato era, it is believed that laws centered around criminal law developed as the form of common law while being influenced by ancient Chinese law.
- 政局がもっぱら一条を中心として展開してゆくなかで、皇太子居貞は孤立しており、皇統としての冷泉流の劣勢はあきらかだった。
- While the political scene was centered with Ichijo, Crown Prince Okisada was isolated and it was clear that Reizei line was the inferior Imperial line.
- 『大鏡』は物語が190歳の大宅世継と180歳の夏山繁樹の2人の翁の対話で展開することから『世継物語』とも呼ばれている。
- 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) is called 'Yotsugi Monogatari' (The Tales of Yotsugi) in that the story is progressed through the conversation between a 190 year-old okina (old man) named OYAKE no Yotsugi and a 180 year-old okina named NATSUYAMA no Shigeki.
- こうした中で蓄積された日本人の不満は、1510年に三浦の乱という形で爆発するが朝鮮王朝に鎮圧される(乱の展開節参照)。
- Under those circumstances, the dissatisfaction had gradually accumulated among the Japanese residents, and eventually the Sanpo War occurred in 1510 as a result of the outburst of their dissatisfaction, but this was suppressed by the Korean Dynasty (see the section of Evolution of the war).
- 9世紀~10世紀ごろに律令制の解体が進展していくと、百姓の中に他から田地を借りて耕作し、富を蓄積する富豪層が出現した。
- When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on ritsuryo code) began to dissolve around the ninth-tenth century, some farmers amassed wealth by cultivating rice fields which they rented from others.
- 千總資料館には、衣装関連の美術品や資料が収蔵され、その一部は千總ギャラリー(本社2階)や貸出先の美術館で展示されている。
- At the Chiso Museum, various costutme-related art works and materials are preserved, parts of which are exhibited at Chiso Kimono Gallery (at the second floor of head office building) and also loaned out to other museums.
- 2004年から県補助事業の地場産品展示・普及等支援事業を活用し、県内の酒蔵が島根県統一ブランド「佐香錦」として製造販売。
- Since 2004, making good use of supported enterprises such as the exhibition and popularization of local products by the prefecture, sake breweries have been produced and sold as a unified brand 'Saka nishiki' for Shimane Prefecture.
- 11世紀後半以降、天皇家の家督者は上皇・院という立場で天皇家を支配し、治天の君と呼ばれ政治の実権を握って院政を展開した。
- After the late eleventh century, the predecessors of the Emperor clan took control of the Emperor clan as a Retired Emperor or a Cloistered Emperor, and were called Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power), and held the cloister government by seizing political power.
- そのため“木の町”と有名で、木材製品の展示会や木材の工作室を子供たちや市民に対して開かれるなど、木材の振興も盛んである。
- Therefore, Sakurai is famous as 'a wood town'and the city actively promotes its wood such as holding fairs of wood products and opening workshop using wood for children and the local people.
- 今井町は称念寺を中心に発展した寺内町であったが、織田信長に武装解除されてから後は、堺と共に自治都市として幕末まで栄えた。
- Imai Town had developed as a jinai-cho around the Shonen-ji Temple, but after Nobunaga ODA disarmed the town, it enjoyed prosperity as an autonomous city, along with Sakai, until the end of the Edo period.
- 例えば石井進の国衙軍制論を発展させるとして、「国衙軍制」を中心に武士を論ずる下向井龍彦は「武士職能論」を激しく批判する。
- For example, Tatsuhiko SHIMOMUKAI who argued that bushi centered around 'the kokuga forces system' to develop 'the theory of the kokuga forces system' and greatly opposed 'the theory of samurai function' of Susumu ISHII.
- 村山1981では正応6年の誤記ではないかとの説を展開しながらも、尊経閣文庫蔵本が執筆された年は最終的には不明としている。
- Murakami 1981, which asserted on one hand that the author mistook 貞応6年 for 正応6年 (the sixth year of Shoo era (1293)), eventually concluded that the year in which the transcript possessed by Sonkeikaku-bunko was written is unknown.
- 鎌倉時代になると、商品経済が発展していき、貨幣流通が増加し、中には銭貨で年貢を納入する代銭納が行われるケースも出てきた。
- As the commercial economy developed during the Kamakura period, the circulation of money increased, and in some cases, the nengu was paid by coins.
- 戦国時代当初、少弐、大友、島津の三氏は権益を守るべく、また地頭出自の諸国の国人豪族は自立するべく、戦いが展開していった。
- At the beginning of the Sengoku Period, battles were repeated by three clans since the Heian Period, the Shoni clan, the Otomo clan, and the Shimazu clan to protect their interests and by kokujin gozoku in each country who were formerly jito to become independent.
- 荘園公領制の進展の中で、国司・荘園領主から認められた名田に対する諸権利は、名主職(みょうしゅしき)として確立していった。
- As the manorial public territory system developed, various rights over myoden land were officially acknowledged by territorial governors and manorial lords as myoshushiki (myoshu rights).
- その後、寂厳・池大雅らが継承し、江戸時代末期には幕末の三筆と呼ばれる市河米庵・巻菱湖・貫名菘翁の3人へと展開していった。
- After that, Jakugon and IKE no Taiga succeeded the style, and towards the end of the Edo period, it was handed down to Beian ICHIKAWA, Ryoko MAKI, and Suo NUKINA who were called the san-pitsu of bakumatsu (the three great calligraphers towards the end of the Edo period).
- 由来は、上棟式(建前)などで災いを払うために行われた神事である散餅の儀(もしくは散餅銭の儀)が発展的に広まったものである。
- It originated from sanpei no gi or sanpeisen no gi (both meaning the ceremony of scattering rice cakes or coins), which was a Shinto ritual held during jotoshiki (also called tatemae) and other ceremonies for praying there would be no problem with the building, and this ritual developed into - and became popular as - mochimaki.
- これらの中には、日本のチェーン店が出展している例もあれば、日本で働いて焼き方やたれの作り方を覚えた中国人が開いた店もある。
- These restaurants include those that were opened by Japanese chain stores, and those that were opened by Chinese who learned how to grill yakitori and make sauces by working in Japan.
- 2000~2002年に大学コンソーシアム京都が主催して実施された京都・学生フェスティバルが発展して、京都学生祭典となった。
- From 2000 through 2002, the Student Festival in Kyoto was held under the auspices of The Consortium of Universities in Kyoto, later developing into the Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa.
- やがて民衆の間に広まり、それまでにあった古来の芸能と結びつき、物まねなどを中心とした滑稽な笑いの芸・寸劇に発展していった。
- However, they soon spread among the people, merging with the old public entertainment existing at that time, and developed into comic dramas or short plays that centered on mimicry etc.
- Later, it became popular among ordinary people and developed into a comical performance/short play centered on mimics after it combined with a previously-existing ancient art.
- 鎌倉仏教の登場などの刺激により、全国の武士や庶民階層への普及が定着していき、以後は日本独自の仏教が発展していくことになる。
- The appearance of Kamakura Bukkyo (new Buddhist movements of the Kamakura Period) triggered the prevalence of Buddhism among samurai and common people all over the country, and Japan's own Buddhism was developed after that.
- 明治時代に入ると外国への配慮から混浴は禁止されるが、銭湯そのものは都市化の進展や近代の衛生観念の向上とともに隆盛を極めた。
- Even though mixed bathing was banned out of consideration for foreigners in the Meiji period, the sento reached new heights of prosperity along with the advanced urbanization and improved awareness of hygiene.
- 以前は寛平6年(894年)の遣唐使停止により中国の直接的影響を抜け出し、日本独自の文化が発展したと一般的に解釈されてきた。
- In general, people used to think that the stop of Japanese missions to Tang China in 894 allowed Japan to get out of direct influence of the China and to develop its own cultures.
- それまでの日本に存在しなかった個人主義に基づく小説という文学が登場するなど、江戸時代以前とは大きく異なった文化が展開した。
- Culture largely different from that during the Edo period or before developed: For example, the literature called novels based on individualism, had not existed until then in Japan, were introduced.
- 奈良・京都・大坂への物資や人材の供給源や中継地、あるいは都と東国・北国とを結ぶ要衝として発展し、日本の歴史に関わって来た。
- Shiga has been greatly related with Japanese history by developing as a supply source or a stopping point of materials and/or workforce to Nara, Kyoto and Osaka and as a strategic stop connecting the capital and eastern and northern areas.
- たねや本店2階喫茶室に旧ヴォーリズ邸在りし時代の洋館街の陶器製模型が展示されており、当時の街の雰囲気にふれることができる。
- Taneya main shop has in the tea room on the second floor a ceramic scale model of the Yokangai during the times when the Vories residence was still standing, offering a glimpse of the past.
- 茲ニ新タナル書道会ヲ創立シ書道ノ健全ナル向上発展ヲ図ルト同時ニ実力本位ニヨリ新進ノ大成ヲ期シ兼テ後進ヲ誘掖センコトヨ欲ス。
- Therefore, we will establish a new calligraphic association to make calligraphy develop soundly, to make new calligraphers grow into experts based upon their own abilities and to help our followers.
- その一方で、三味線はその音楽がますます発展し、次々と新しい形式が生み出され、後期にかけて日本音楽の主導権を握る楽器となった。
- Meanwhile, shamisen music continued to develop and new styles were introduced one after another, so it took the lead among Japanese musical instruments until the later Edo period.
- 観光産業をさらに発展させていくために、新たな観光事業の展開を図る事業者への支援を行ったり、観光関連産業の連携強化を支援する。
- The Ministry is to support entrepreneurs who plan to start tourism-related businesses, and assist the tourism industry to enhance cooperation amongst its members to further develop the industry.
- 現在、京都府京都市下京区に、風俗博物館があり、そこでは平安時代の日本の衣服を中心に、考証により復元された服が展示されている。
- Today, restored clothing based on historical investigation, mostly the Heian-style costumes, are exhibited at the Costume Museum in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 中国において紀元1世紀頃に伝えられた仏教は、原始仏教の忠実な継承にこだわることなく、戒律や教義解釈などで独自の発展を遂げた。
- The Buddhism which was introduced to China around the first century A.D. developed independently in the aspects of religious precept and interpretation of dharma without regard to a literal succession of original Buddhism.
- 鉄砲伝来まで弓矢は最有力の武器であったことから重んじられ、的中と矢の威力を高めるため、技術の発展と道具の改良がなされてきた。
- The bow and arrow was highly valued as the most prevailing weapon in Japan before the introduction of firearms, so technique had been developed and their equipment and strength of the arrow improved to improve the hitting ratio.
- またその役割分担も必ずしも固定的ではなく、達者とされるコンビほど、流れによって自然にボケとツッコミが入れ替わる展開を用いる。
- Roles of boke and tsukkomi can be switched around; versatile entertainers can switch their roles naturally depending on the situation.
- 義満の「道有」、「天山」、義教の「雑華室」であり、これらの印がついた宝物は義政のコレクションである「東山御物」へと発展した。
- There were 'Doyu' and 'Tenzan' of Yoshimitsu, 'Zakkeshitsu' of Yoshinori, and these treasures developed into 'Higashiyama gomotsu' (Imperial treasures owned by the Ashikaga family) of the collection of Yoshimasa.
- さらに、戦後大きく後退していた日本の歴史の独自性を強調する立場が、平成初年頃から自由主義史観と称してその主張を展開している。
- In addition, the power of strongly insisting on the uniqueness of Japanese history, which has become considerably weaker after the war, has insisted its views as liberalism-based views of history.
- 渡辺綱の子孫は渡辺党と呼ばれる武士団に発展し、港に立地することから水軍として日本全国に散らばり、瀬戸内海の水軍の棟梁となる。
- The descendants of WATANABE no Tsuna grew into a bushidan (warrior bands) called Watanabe-to Party, and since they located at seaports, scattered everywhere in Japan as Suigun (warriors battle in the sea) and became the toryo (leader) of the Suigun in the Seto Inland Sea.
- 京都府北部の中核都市である舞鶴市は古より城下町があり商都として栄えた西舞鶴と、軍港として栄えた東舞鶴にわかれて発展してきた。
- Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, has been developed as Nishi Maizuru (western Maizuru) with an ancient castle town flourishing as a commercial city and Higashi Maizuru (eastern Maizuru) prospering as a naval port, separately.
- 管領畠山基国の軍勢2000余騎が北側の一の木戸、二の木戸を打ち破り、三の木戸まで攻め寄せ700人余が死傷する激戦を展開する。
- On the north, kanrei Motokuni HATAKEYAMA's force of 2000 men broke through Ichinoki and Ninoki gates, pushing their assault as far as Sannoki gate in what developed into a bitterly fought battle that left more than 700 dead or wounded.
- 海外での市場を狙い、日産コンツェルンは満州で、日窒コンツェルンは朝鮮で鉱山などの事業を展開し、現地社会にも強い影響を残した。
- Aiming for overseas markets, Nissan Konzern Company Group and Nicchitsu Konzern Group developed their businesses such as mining ventures in Manchuria and Korea respectively, which left a strong mark on modern society.
- 室町時代に入ると、貨幣経済が一層進展し、年貢の銭納または代銭納(銭貨による年貢納入)が畿内を中心に広く普及するようになった。
- In the Muromachi period, the monetary economy developed further, and the payment of the nengu by coins became widely spread mainly in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
- これらのことに、地方の酒蔵はおおいに驚くとともに鼓舞され、各地で自分たちの水と米に適合した酒造りが研究・発展されることになる。
- The sake breweries in local districts were very surprised at these and inspired, and began to research and develop their sake brewing methods which were suitable for their own water and rice in various places.
- このように三曲合奏が多音的な展開を見せたのも、地歌の手事もの、箏曲の段もの、胡弓本曲など器楽的な発展が著しかったからであろう。
- Sankyoku gasso developed in such a polyphonic way probably because there was much development in instrumental works, such as Jiuta's 'tegotomono' (pieces with long instrumental interludes called 'tegoto'), koto music's 'danmono' (leveled pieces) and kokyu music's 'honkyoku' (pieces composed in the early days).
- 後者は伝承が廃絶し使われなくなったが、前者は後に中国及び日本においていくつもの種類が生じて発展し、多くは現代も演奏されている。
- The latter is not used any more because its tradition has not been carried on, but the former developed later and had increased the number of its variety in China and Japan and many are still played even today.
- その成果は当時竹内が勤めていた五島美術館の展覧会「山上宗二記 天正十四年の眼」(1995年)などを通じて一般に公開されている。
- The product of the research has been open to the public on many occasions, including the exhibition titled 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki, the eye in the 14th year of the Tensho era' (1995) held at The Gotoh Museum, where Takeuchi was working at the time.
- 近世以後、家と道の関係・理念は近世以後はこれを享受する層と分野が更に拡大され、家元制度と芸道理念へと発展・継承することとなる。
- Since the early-modern times, people and fields blessed with the relationship and philosophy of Family and Michi were expanded more and it was developed to the Iemoto system (a system of licensing inherited by specific families) and philosophies of arts and inherited.
- 武術(古武道)の様々な流派は、戦国時代 (日本)において形成されたものは少なく、多くがむしろ戦乱の収まった江戸時代に発展した。
- Looking over at the various schools of bujutsu (kobudo), a few of them were formed in the Sengoku Period (Japan), and many were developed during the Edo period rather than the previous one, when the chaos of wars had already been over.
- 一方、商業都市として発展をみた大阪は海に近く、魚介も豊かで地方の産物も集まるところから、「天下の台所」と謳われるほどであった。
- On the other hand, because Osaka, having developed as a commercial city, was placed near to sea, fishes and seashells were available abundantly there and foodstuffs from other areas gathered there as well, being called the kitchen of Japan.
- 以後上方歌舞伎は歌舞伎界の中心から外れてゆくが、丁度上方から江戸への文化伝播にともない、江戸歌舞伎が発展していくのと符合する。
- After this period, Kamigata Kabuki drifted from the center of the Kabuki world, coinciding with the development of Edo Kabuki in conjunction with the dissemination of culture from Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) to Edo.
- 1958年5月に法人として有限会社イノダコーヒを設立し、1964年の二条通支店の出店を皮切りに京都市内へ店舗を展開していった。
- In May 1958, Yugen Kaisha Inoda Coffee was established as a corporation and started by opening Nijodori branch in 1964, while shops were deployed in Kyoto City.
- 王朝政権の接収・大々的な外交の展開といった清盛の構想が実現したのは、平氏が滅亡してからおよそ200年後、足利義満の時代だった。
- Kiyomori's plan to create the court government and develop major trade and diplomacy was finally realized about 200 years after the Taira clan died out, during the period of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 肥料や農具などの改善や米の品種改良の進展などを背景として、畿内や山陽などで二毛作が拡がるなど、農業生産が著しく向上していった。
- With the development of new fertilizers and agricultural tools, along with the improvement of rice varieties through selective breeding, agricultural production increased remarkably as a result of various circumstances, such as the spread of double-cropping in Kinai and Sanyo regions.
- このように破損を繰り返してきたため、故宮に展示された石鼓の刻字は不完全で、失われた字は宋時代に採られた拓本で見ることができる。
- Because sekko was repeatedly damaged as above, the inscribed characters of sekko exhibited in Gu-gong are incomplete and the characters lost are able to be seen on the copies taken in the Song period.
- 国人間の重層的な姻戚関係により奥州国人すべて親族血縁の誼を通じていたため、領土紛争も互いの存亡をかける争いには発展しなかった.
- Because all the local lords in the Oshu region had a close relationship each other through either blood or marriage, a territorial dispute hardly developed into a dead or alive conflict.
- ただ、胡弓楽から「巣籠」や「獅子」といった器楽的要素が地歌に取り入れられ、地歌の器楽的発展のひとつの要素となった点は重要である。
- However, it was important that Jiuta should acquire the instrumental facet of kokyu pieces, such as 'Tsuru no sugomori' (The Cranes Nesting) and 'Yachiyojishi' (Lion of Eight Thousand Generations, from the 16th century), because this became a basic factor in Jiuta's instrumental development.
- 田楽その他の芸能が発展して室町時代にその形を整えた能においても、世阿弥の頃までには能囃子の中に笛が取り入れられていたようである.
- Noh, which derived from dengaku and other folk entertainments, developed its style in the Muromachi period, and fue seem to have been introduced into Noh-hayashi (Noh musical accompaniment) around the time of Zeami.
- 1989年には広島県のセブン-イレブンも販売を開始し、その後販売エリアを拡大し、1998年に全国展開をしたことで急速に普及した。
- In 1989, 7-Eleven, Inc. in Hiroshima Prefecture started selling ehomaki, and later expanded its sales area; as the result of sales expansion to throughout Japan, ehomaki rapidly became popular.
- 20世紀前半に小紋を作る手法を発展させて、布を裁断すると模様の上下方向が統一されるようなデザインを反物の布に描く技術が発達した。
- In the early twentieth century, based on the technique of drawing komon (small patterns drawn on the whole cloth) craftsmen introduced new technique of drawing a little bigger pattern on materials so that patterns don't lose the direction.
- こうして独奏楽器として、また三味線・胡弓合奏、箏・胡弓合奏、三曲合奏の1パートとして胡弓楽のジャンルが広がり発展することになる。
- In this way, Kokyu was not only used for playing music specialized for Kokyu alone, but also played together with Shamisen or So or as a part of Sangyoku-gasso, which expanded music genres where Kokyu was played and made Kokyu used more widely.
- 寿司店にやってくる人々は、寿司ばかりでなく、そのほかの日本食にも興味を示すようになり、寿司ブームは日本食全般のブームに発展した。
- People visiting the sushi restaurant came to show their interests not only in sushi but also in other Japanese foods, with the result that the sushi boom developed into the boom of all Japanese foods.
- 日本食ブームの進展は、日本の食材の現地生産を促し、醤油、味噌、豆腐、日本酒、ビールなどが米国や豪州などで生産されるようになった。
- The expansion of the Japanese foods boom enhanced the local production of the ingredients used for cooking or tasting Japanese foods, realizing the production of soy sauce, miso (bean paste), tofu (bean curd), sake (Japanese liquor), beer, etc. in the United States, Australia and other countries.
- さらには屏風や衝立障子、衝立障子の発展的形態として、木格子の表裏に絹や布地、後に和紙を張り黒塗りの縁をつけた衾障子などを用いた。
- In addition, there were folding screens, tsuitate-shoji (shoji or fusuma with a stand, which is easy to carry) and fusuma-shoji made with a wooden lattice pasted silk and cloth, later Japanese paper and black-lacquered hem as a developed form of tsuitate-shoji.
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあったことは注目に値する。
- It is notable that akari shoji with lacquered framework was used in a house built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture and in the historical development of akari shoji, it was considered to be a kind of shitsurai equivalent to fusuma.
- 伝平重盛像はヨーロッパで高評価を受けており、ミロのヴィーナスやモナ・リザと引き換えに渡仏しルーブル美術館で展示されたこともある。
- The portrait of TAIRA no Shigemori is highly valued in Europe, and it had been to France and exhibited at Louvre Museum in exchange for Venus de Milo and Mona Lisa.
- しかし江戸時代後期には器楽部分を重要視する地歌の形式である「手事もの」が非常に発展したので、それに合わせて器楽的展開が見られた。
- However, the late Edo period saw great developments in 'Tegotomono,' a style of jiuta in which instrumental parts of music were regarded important, and this led to innovations of the instruments.
- 1973年から吉野家がファーストフードのひとつとしてフランチャイズチェーンストアを展開したことで一般にしたしまれるようになった。
- Since Yoshinoya Co., Ltd. built up a franchise chain store of gyudon as a fast food in 1973, it has become popular.
- やがて武家社会でも行われるようになり、江戸時代には庶民の人形遊びと節句が結び付けられ、行事となり「雛祭り」として発展して行った。
- Later, Hina-asobi also became popular within the buke shakai (the society of samurai families) and then during the Edo period, commoners playing with dolls was associated with seasonal festivals to form an event of season which developed into the Hina Festival or 'Hina-matsuri.'
- 最近では、失伝した技を他の武術から取り入れて補う形で、総合的な体術への回帰、あるいは新たな総合武道へ発展を目指す流派も存在する。
- Recently, karate has also seen the rise of circles that aspire to a return to comprehensive 'taijutsu' (a method of using the body for self-defense) by incorporating skills adopted by other martial arts to compensate for lost karate techniques, as well as circles that promote karate's development into a new, comprehensive martial art (a mixed martial art).
- 武芸・武力を家業とする兵の家が軍事貴族へと発展し、地方官(受領)として赴任した際に現地の富豪百姓らとゆるやかな主従関係を結んだ。
- The Army clan which worked for military arts and force as a family business, developed into military nobles, and they established a gradual relation of master and servant with the local rich farmers when they transferred as a local official (Zuryo).
- 絵画では、物語や説話を題材に、詞書(ことばがき)を織り交ぜながら場面を展開していく絵巻物という独自の手法があみだされて隆盛した。
- A new method of painting, emakimono that develops a story with Kotobagaki (captions) based on a story or setsuwa (anecdotes) was created and prospered.
- 1542年には伊達稙宗父子が家督の位置付けを巡って争いを起こし、血縁関係にある奥羽諸大名を巻き込んだ大乱(天文の乱)へ発展した。
- In 1542, Tanemune DATE and his son began conflicts with respect to the reigns of the family and it developed into a great uprising involving many daimyo in the Ou Region that had blood relationships (Tenbun Turbulence).
- しかし、日本においても城下町が発展すると、経済的および政治的価値が上昇し、それにともない城下町を戦乱から防護する必要性が生じた。
- However, as jokamachi developed in Japan, they increased in economic and political value and the necessity for their safeguard against war arose.
- 「ちゃんこの味がしみてない」は、入門後間もなく発展途上であったり、相撲界のしきたりになじみきれていない力士を指してよく言われる。
- 'Chanko has not been flavored' refers to sumo wrestlers who are in development or have difficulty in getting accustomed to rules of the sumo world just after joining sumo.
- 安土桃山時代に入って明智光秀が丹波統治のため古世地区に丹波亀山城を築き城下町を形成したことによって、亀岡は近代的な発展を遂げる。
- During the Azuchi Momoyama period, Mitsuhide AKECHI built Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle to rule Tanba and developed the castle town in the Kose area, which made way for modern development of Kameoka in recent times.
- 斯波満種の子斯波持種は越前守護代の甲斐氏と対立を重ね、やがて武衛家の後嗣として斯波持種の子斯波義敏が入ると長禄合戦へと発展した。
- Mochitane SHIBA, a child of Mitsutane SHIBA, had repeated confrontations with the Kai clan, Echizen Shugodai, and after a while Yoshitoshi SHIBA, a child of Mochitane SHIBA, came in as Koshi (an inheritor) of the Buei family, which developed into the Battle of Choroku.
- 久御山町の農業の発展に道路網は大きく貢献しており、2000年代になって相次いで開通した新しい道路網により、今後の見通しは明るい。
- The road network greatly contributes to the development of agriculture in Kumiyama-cho, and new road networks which opened in the 2000s are brightening its prospects.
- 醤油は日本の料理には欠かせない調味料であるが、江戸時代における濃口醤油の発明はその後の日本料理の発展において重要な役割を果たした。
- Soy-sauce is an essential seasoning for Japanese cooking, and the invention of koikuchi soy-sauce in the Edo period played a critical role for subsequent development of Japanese cooking.
- また2004年には飲食店情報を扱うポータルサイトの草分け的存在である株式会社ぐるなびが、「ぐるなびデリバリー」サービス事業を展開。
- Also in 2004, Gourmet Navigator Inc., a pioneering restaurant information portal site, started the 'Gournavi Delivery' service.
- 炉端焼き(ろばたやき)は、宮城県仙台市で発祥し、北海道釧路市で発展した飲食店の店舗や給仕の形態、および、そこで出される料理のこと。
- Robatayaki refers to the style of premises and serving at restaurants, which originated in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture and developed in Kushiro City, Hokkaido, as well as the dishes served there.
- 妖怪探訪家・村上健司は、室町時代の『百鬼夜行絵巻』にも御幣を持つ赤鬼のような妖怪があり、これがモデルである、との説を展開している。
- Kenji MURAKAMI, a yokai investigator, has insisted that the Heiroku should be modeled on a red ogre-like yokai that holds the gohei which is depicted in 'Hyakki yagyo emaki' (a Night Parade of One Hundred Demons' picture scroll) of the Muromachi period.
- 江戸では、しばしば大火に見舞われ版木を消失することが多く、応急にからかみのを作る必要に迫られて、型紙の捺染を用いたものが発展した。
- In Edo, printing blocks were often destroyed by big fires, so printing with model papers developed from the necessity to urgently making karakami.
- その考えが定着し始めたのは、大紋から発展した「素襖」や「肩衣」といった衣服が出始めた室町時代に入った中期の東山時代頃だと言われる。
- The idea is said to have begun around the Higashiyama period, the middle of Muromachi period, when clothes like 'Suo' and 'Kataginu,' developed from Daimon, were becoming fashionable.
- その後、養老乃瀧、松屋フーズ、ゼンショー、神戸らんぷ亭などが牛丼(牛めし)をチェーン展開した(「養老乃瀧」は後に牛丼からは撤退)。
- Yoronotaki Co., Ltd., Matsuya Foods Company, Limited, Zensho Co., Ltd., Kobelamptei and other food industries followed Yoshinoya Co., Ltd. to build up a chain store of the gyudon (gyumeshi).
- ドイツのバーデンバーデンは温泉としてより、むしろ付随するカジノやブティック、宝石店や高級ホテルなどによるリゾート地として発展した。
- Baden-Baden in Germany has developed as a resort town where casinos, boutiques, jewel shops and high-grade hotels are located, rather than as a hot spring resort.
- それ以前の藤原良房の時から藤原北家が摂政・関白に就いて執政してきたが、発展段階の摂関政治だったとして初期摂関政治と区別されている。
- Although the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan had conducted policy as a regent or chief adviser to the Emperor since the time of FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, their regency is considered to have still been in the developmental stage and was distinguished from the early regency.
- 倍増した耕地面積は食糧増産と人口増加をもたらし、村請を通じて幕府財政や藩財政を支えるとともに、全国的な流通経済を大きく発展させた。
- Doubling the arable land increased the population as well as the amount of food produced, supporting the finance of the bakufu and that of each domain through the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) and greatly advancing nation-wide distribution-related economy.
- 都市圏の中心地となる舞鶴市は長らく軍事・行政の中心都市としての位置づけられてきたが、近年においては商業都市としても発展しつつある。
- Maizuru City which is the center of the urban area has long been positioned as the central city for military and administration, and recently has been developing as a commercial city.
- それまでは、受領の権限のもとで地方行政が展開しており、郡司・富豪層らが開発してきた荘園も国衙の承認によって存立していた(国免荘)。
- Until then, local administration functioned under zuryo's authority, and the manors that had been developed by gunji or rich and powerful persons could exist by obtaining approval from the kokuga (kokumensho [the manor whose obligations were exempted by kokushi]).
- 本体は大別して、棕櫚をかぶせたもの(これが原始系とされる)と、黒・赤などの布をかぶせたもの(発展系とされる)の二つのタイプがある。
- The main bodies are broadly classified into two types: a palm leaves-covered type (allegedly the original type) and a red or black cloth-covered type (allegedly the advanced type).
- 化政文化(かせい ぶんか)とは、文化 (元号)・文政期(1804年~1829年)を中心とする江戸時代後期に発展した町人文化である。
- Kasei Culture was townsman culture that developed in the late Edo period, mainly between 1804 and 1829.
- しかしながら、昭和29年(1954年)の毎日書道展で、「墨象芸術」の名が与えられ、美術評論界などでは「抽象書道」などとも呼ばれた。
- However, in the Mainichi shodo-ten (a calligraphic exhibition named Mainichi (literally, everyday), the name of 'bokusho-geijutsu' (literally, ink-based art) held in 1954 was given to such calligraphy, and in the art-reviewing society, it is also called 'chusho-shodo' (abstract calligraphy).
- 昭和12年(1937年)7月24日から8日間、東京府美術館で第1回展を開催し、2950点の出品作品を天来が単独審査し話題を呼んだ。
- Its first exhibition was held for eight days from July 24, 1937 at the Tokyo Prefectural Museum, and aroused interest because Tenrai HIDAI personally screened each of 2950 calligraphic works presented for the exhibition.
- 歴史的経緯や国際化の進展によって、標識や看板などで英語や朝鮮語(韓国語)、中国語、ロシア語などの併記も行われるようになってきている。
- Due to this historical background and advanced globalization, signs and signboards came to also contain descriptions in English, Korean, Chinese and/or Russian along with Japanese ones.
- 博物館に展示されている仏の一覧、神像の前にも賽銭が置かれていることもあり、「賽銭をあげないでください」と注意書きしてある場合もある。
- Because some worshipers also place Saisen in front of lists of Buddhist images or sculptures of deities exhibited in museums, there may be written instructions 'Don't place Saisen.'
- さらに青色の泥間似合紙は、隠蔽性の良さと日焼けしにくい特性から、襖用の間似合鳥の子紙として使用され、上方市場に近いことから発展した。
- In addition, the blue doromaniai-shi had been used as maniai torinoko paper for fusuma because of its good concealing and age resisting qualities, and it spread widely because it was close to the Kamigata market.
- 南部杜氏伝承館、南部杜氏会館、南部杜氏歴史民族資料館、石鳥谷農業伝承館など多くの南部杜氏に関する歴史や文物の展示施設が点在している。
- Many exhibition facilities for history and documents and materials concerning Nanbu toji such as Nanbu Toji Denshokan (museum of tradition of Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Kaikan (clubhouse for Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan (museum of historical and cultural materials concerning Nanbu toji), and Ishidoriya Nogyo Denshokan (Ishidoriya museum of agricultural tradition) are scattered.
- そしてソースを作る際に出来る沈殿液を使うようになり、さらに甘く味付けしたり、とろみを付けたりした事で、現在のお好みソースに発展した。
- And the sedimentary liquid produced from the sauce making came to be used and furthermore sweetened, flavored or thickened and developed into the present okonomiyaki sauce.
- このため、全国展開している大手のコンビニエンスストアでも、北海道内の店舗では、鶏肉のから揚げ商品にザンギの名称を用いて販売している。
- Due to this, even national chain supermarkets in Hokkaido are selling fried chicken under the name of zangi.
- 21世紀を迎え、グローバル化やインターネット社会の拡大なども相まって、戦後一貫して進んできた文化・生活の多様化が、一層進展している。
- The culture and lives have been diversified consistently since the end of the war, but entering the 21st century, they have further diversified together with globalization and the trend of society where the Internet has been used more and more widely.
- 「恐るべき戦慄的な情景が展開され、上京は深更から翌日まですべての寺院が焼失し、都周辺の50村が焼け、最後の審判の日さながらであった。
- It was a bloodcurdling, horrible scene; every temple in Kamigyo was burning from midnight till the next day; 50 villages around Kyoto city were burned down; it was as if we were facing Judgment Day.
- その一方で歓楽温泉としても発展し、なかでも風俗街(特殊浴場群。いわゆるソープランド街。)は行楽、観光客誘致の大きな障碍となっていた。
- On the other hand, the area also developed as a hot spring resort with a nightlife district, and especially the red-light area (area of brothels where one can bathe with the prostitutes) had been a major obstacle, which came in the way of the holidaymakers and tourists coming to the resort area.
- 剣道は、重い防具や当たれば痛い竹刀を使うこと、武道として厳しい稽古を必要とすることなどから国際的なスポーツに発展し難い部分があった。
- In Kendo, heavy protective gears and bamboo swords which hurt players if they are hit are used and strict training is necessary, therefore it was difficult to be developed as an international sport.
- 文章上はよい展開に見える曲も実際の演技にそぐうものでなくては意味がない、言葉の余韻を大切にし、文章は簡潔かつ意味を明快にせよ……など。
- It does not make any sense if the piece which seems to have a good plot on sentences does not match the actual performance, and much weight must be placed on resonance of words and sentences and their meanings must be concise…etc.
- 久留米市では「久留米やきとり日本一の会」という団体が「B-1グランプリ」という食の祭典に久留米やきとりを出展する等の活動を行っている。
- In Kurume City, an organization called 'Japan's best yakitori association in Kurume' conducts activities such as exhibiting Kurume yakitori at a food festival called 'B-1 Grand Prix.'
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあった事は、興味深いことである。
- It is interesting to note that in the historical process of development of Akari-shoji, the edge of lacquered Nuriko (thing to be coated with) was used in Shinden-zukuri house and considered as Shitsurai the same as Fusuma Shoji.
- 上菓子は、お供え菓子や、茶道の菓子として洗練した発展をとげ、ふだんの菓子も年中行事ごとに様々なものが食べられた経緯から多彩に展開した。
- Jogashi has been finely developed as osonae-gashi (wagashi for offerings) and confectionaries for the tea ceremony, and also various kinds of confectionaries for everyday consumption have been made since people have many types of wagashi which is suited for every annual event.
- 平安時代末期、院政の進展に伴って内裏における陣定に代わって、上皇や法皇が自分の御所内において議定を行って重要な決定を行うようになった。
- At the end of the Heian period, with the development of government by a retired emperor, the abdicated emperor and cloistered emperor came to make important decisions after formulating agreements at their own residence, replacing the reign of the emperor at the Imperial Palace.
- 有事の際にはこうした「武家の棟梁」が追討使に補任され、主従関係を結んでいる「一国棟梁」以下の武士を動員し、軍事活動を展開したのである。
- In an emergency, such a 'Buke no toryo' was appointed tsuitoshi, and the leader mobilized samurai under 'Ikkoku toryo' with whom he had a master-servant relationship, to carry out necessary military activities.
- また、平成18年(2006年)には懸装品と伝わる織物が地元企業に保管されているのが確認され宵山に実物大の模造品が同山の町内で展示された。
- Further in 2006, it was confirmed that a textile handed down as an object for decoration was maintained by the local company; and in Yoiyama, a life-size model of the textile was exhibited in the town.
- 織模様(紋)や染色技術の進展によって色彩に多様性が生まれ、朝廷における儀式行事に用いられることによって貴族の衣服は文化的な向上を見せた。
- Due to the development of woven pattern (design) and dye techniques, colorful clothing came to be used in ceremonial rituals in the Imperial court, showing the cultural improvement in clothing of the court nobles.
- 本来大鼓は小鼓の連調から発展してきた楽器であるといわれ、初期には鼓方の若手が大鼓にまわって小鼓の伴奏をしたのではないかと考えられている。
- It is said that a big drum was originally a musical instrument that evolved from a small hand drum and in early days it is thought that younger drummers accompanied the small hand drums by playing the big drums.
- 近年、ウナギの人口当たり消費量上位に位置する長野県岡谷市を中心として寒の土用の丑の日にも鰻を食べようというキャンペーンが展開されている。
- Recently, a campaign to eat eel on doyo in winter has been run in mainly Okaya City, Nagano Prefecture, which ranks high in per-capita eel consumption.
- 10世紀中葉から後期にかけて、ある官職に伴う権限義務を特定の家系へ請け負わせる官司請負制が中央政界でも地方政治でも著しく進展していった。
- From the middle to the end of the 10th century, the government official contract system developed in the national political arena as well as in regional politics: specific family lines were given contracts to have authority and duties associated with certain government posts.
- 尊氏の参陣で志気が上がる尊氏軍が押し気味に戦局が展開し、翌日これを見た大友貞載、塩谷高貞は尊氏軍に寝返り、義助軍は総崩れとなり敗走する。
- Takauji's army whose morale was boosted by Takauji's participation in the war took the lead and on the following day, Sadatoshi (Sadanori) OTOMO and Takasada ENYA sold out to Takauji's army, thus Yoshisuke's army suffered a debacle and took flight.
- 日本も長期戦には耐えうる経済発展を達成していなかったので、外相小村寿太郎は米大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトに仲介を頼み、講和に持ち込んだ。
- As Japan was not yet economically developed enough to adequately sustain a long drawn-out war, Foreign Minister Jutaro KOBAYASHI began negotiations for the peace treaty under the mediation of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.
- 江戸の荒事の中で隈取が発展する際に参考とされたのが、仁王像などに代表される仏像の誇張された筋肉表現と能面の洗練された表情の表現であった。
- Aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) of Edo referred to Buddhist statue such as Nio Zo (statue of Deva Kings) that expressed muscles and refined facial expression of the noh mask.
- この対立は文安1年(1444年)、文安の麹騒動という武力衝突にまで発展し、その結果、京都における麹屋という専門職は滅亡し、麹座も解散した。
- This conflict developed into the military conflict called the koji riot in the Bunan era in 1444, and as a result, the profession of supplying malt in Kyoto was extinguished and the koji-za (rice malt guild) was dismissed.
- このことから、咒禁道の影響を受けた儀式を芸能と融合させたものがこの時期に存在しており、それらが翁猿楽へと発展したのではないかとの説もある。
- Based on the above, some people have asserted that something that combined the rituals Jugondo (way of vanquishing monsters, spirits, etc., through the use of charms) and art existed at that time and eventually evolved into Okina Sarugaku.
- これらの技法の習得には、色々な教育機関を通じて書家に師事し、古典を中心に学習し、書道展などに出品しながら技量を高めていくのが一般的である。
- These techniques are generally acquired by learning from Shoka (calligrapher) through various educational institutions, studying focusing on the classics, and entering products in Shodo exhibitions to heighten one's own skills.
- 平成8年(1996年)、岩戸山の指導により囃子を復活させ、平成18年(2006年)には御神体を除く懸装品を展示する「飾り席」を復活させた。
- In 1996, the festive music was restored with the leadership of Iwato yama, and in 2006, 'kazari seki' (place where kensohin, things used to decorate a float, such as textiles, carvings, goldworks are displayed) was restored in which the objects used for decoration except for the object of worship were exhibited.
- その後、生田流系の箏曲は箏曲独自の作曲が次第に下火になり、幕末に至るまで、厖大な数の地歌曲にパートとして合奏、参加することで発展していく。
- While the original style of sokyoku went into gradual decline towards the end of the Edo period, sokyoku of the Ikuta school style prospered as a result of its contributing the koto parts for an enormous number of jiuta songs.
- - 秩父市矢尾酒造が開設している資料館で、江戸時代の酒造関係の文書や機具、また全国に散在する江州蔵の成り立ちについての資料を展示している。
- This is a museum established by Yao Shuzo, Chichibu City and documents and tools and equipment for sake brewing during the Edo Period and materials for formation of Goshugura scattered in Japan.
- したがって、あくまでシャワー、サウナやマッサージとして使用されるにとどまっており、付随するカジノなどのリゾート施設が発展を後押ししている。
- Therefore, hot spring water is only used for showers, saunas and massage and the development of the town is supported by casinos and resort facilities.
- しかし、戦国大名による一円支配が伸展するにつれて、惣村の自治権も剥奪されていき、惣掟も消滅するか、自治色を薄めた内容へと変質していった。
- However, as Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) started to rule the entire region, the autonomy of the soson was divested, and the autonomy of the so-okite thinned out or disappeared.
- 平安時代の律令制の形骸化にともなって次第に本来の領域にとらわれない、鴨川と大内裏・京都御所を中心とする都市になり、経済的に発展していった。
- As the Ritsuryo System (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo Code) declined during the Heian period, the city gradually expanded beyond its original area to become centered around the Kamo-gawa River and the Kyoto Imperial Palace of the Daidairi (Greater Imperial Palace), and developed economically.
- 本心でない「愛想尽かし」が「逆恨み殺し」に発展するというのは歌舞伎ではよく使われるあらすじだが、本作では二重の「愛想尽かし」を用いている。
- The story that a seeming 'act of abandoning someone in disgust' develops into 'an act of killing in resentment instead' is often used in kabuki plays, but this play uses 'act of abandoning someone in disgust' on the double.
- 基本的に「年蘢り」形式を踏まず、単に寺社に「元日詣」を行うだけの初詣は明治以降広まった新しい風習であり、それも鉄道網の発展による賜物という。
- Fundamentally, hatsumode, in which no 'toshigomori' formalities are taken but only 'ganjitsumode' to shrines and temples is conducted, is a new custom which became widespread after the Meiji period; this is considered as being the product resulting from development of the railway network.
- 目的に合わせて、馬上の射「騎射」、徒歩(かち)の射「歩射」、通し矢の射「堂射」と、流派の中でそれぞれで独自に進化、発展した経緯が背景にある。
- There is a history of development behind it, where the evolution and development occurred separately among the schools depending on the purpose, such as for horseback shooting 'Kisha' (to shoot an arrow while riding a horse), shooting on foot 'Busha' (to shoot an arrow while walking) and Toshiya shooting, 'Dosha,' (long-range archery).
- これまでリードを続けてきた地歌は、すでにこれ以上進みようがないほど音楽的に頂点に達し、音楽家たちは新たな展開を箏や胡弓に求めることとなった。
- Jiuta had represented the cutting edge, but were now seen to have reached a level which could not be surpassed, and this led musicians look for new ways to develop koto and kokyu music.
- 京都市中京区の堺町通三条通の本店など市の中心部に数店を展開するほか、近年は札幌駅、東京駅、広島駅の各駅前などにも大丸内を中心に出店している。
- In addition to several shops deployed in the central part of the city including the main shop on the corner of Sakaimachi-dori and Sanjo-dori Streets in Nakagyo Ward in Kyoto City, it recently setup branches in the immediate vicinity of Sapporo Station, Tokyo Station, Hiroshima Station, etc. mainly in the Daimaru department stores.
- 上記のような時代区分論は、発展段階史観の影響を少なからず受けており、歴史の重層性・連続性にあまり目を向けていないという限界が指摘されている。
- The theories concerning the classification of historical periods, described above, are significantly affected by the evolution phase concept of history, and it is pointed out that they have a limitation in not taking into account that history is layered and is continuous.
- 『富士野往来』に始まる歴史物語を織り込んだものは「武家往来」とも呼ばれ、十返舎一九が伝記型の往来物を確立し、更に史詩型の往来物へと発展した。
- Oraimono with historical episodes which started with 'Fujino Orai' are called 'buke orai' (literally, samurai orai) and later developed into the historical poetry style oraimono, after Ikku JUPPENSHA established the biography style oraimono.
- 古代のカースト制氏族社会においては自由な土地の売買や譲渡は許されていなかったが、紀元前5世紀前後には社会の発展とともに緩やかになっていった。
- In the ancient caste system clan society, free purchase and sale or transfer of lands were not allowed, but around the fifth century B.C., they were loosely allowed with the development of society.
- このため、深刻な外交摩擦に発展し、将軍の名分をめぐって林信篤や対馬藩藩儒雨森芳洲も巻き込んで日朝双方を果てしない議論にまき起む結果となった。
- Therefore, this problem developed into a serious diplomatic conflict, plunging both Japan and Korea sides into endless arguments concerning the positioning of shogun, including Nobuatsu HAYASHI and Hoshu AMENOMORI, Hanju of the Tsushima Domain (a Confucian scholar who worked for the Tsushima Domain).
- 日本では昭和からの大規模な書道展の開催により、書道が近代芸術としての地位を確立したことから、その芸術作品としての創作方法も書の技法に加わった。
- In Japan, large-scale Shodo exhibitions were held since the Showa period which established Shodo's status as modern art, consequently a creative method as art work is added to Shodo technique.
- また語り物である浄瑠璃にも取り入れられ、三味線音楽は「歌いもの」「語り物」の二つの流れに大きく分かれ、更に分化を繰り返して大きく発展していく。
- Since shamisen was also adopted into a narrative called Joruri, shamisen music had been roughly divided in two: 'utai mono' (lyrical song) and 'katari mono' (narrative), and then they have repeated subdivisions that developed much further.
- 中国茶はその種類が非常に多く、茶葉によって淹れ方が異なるため、「最も美味しく茶を淹れる方法」や一種のパフォーマンスとして、中国茶芸は発展した。
- There are great types of Chinese tea and different ways of pouring tea depending on the tea leaves, that Chinese tea developed as 'the most beautiful way of pouring tea' and one form of performance.
- 2000年 京都駅前に大学のまち交流センター(通称キャンパスプラザ京都)完成、財団事務局を移転する 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
- 2000: College-Town Exchange Center (Campus Plaza Kyoto) was built in front of Kyoto Station, and the head office of the foundation was moved there.
- 農業生産の高まりと宋銭の流入によって商工業が全国的に発展した鎌倉時代中期以後から見られるようになり、南北朝時代_(日本)には全国的に普及した。
- This system started in the mid-Kamakura period when commerce and industries developed nationwide thanks to boosting agricultural production and the circulation of Sung currency and spread throughout the nation in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 坂本の議論は広範な支持を得るところとなり、その後の10世紀・11世紀史研究は坂本論を中心に展開し、坂本論の深化・批判という形で行われていった。
- Sakamoto's theory received support from many researchers and since then, the study of the 10th and 11th centuries has been conducted in the form of deepening/criticizing it with Sakamoto's theory as a starting point.
- 特に伊勢参りに向かう人々が津市や松阪市を経由していく事から、彼から諸国の情報を手に入れられた事が伊勢商人の発展につながっていると見られている。
- Particularly, it is believed that the information on various areas all around Japan, which was brought by people making a pilgrimage to Ise (Shrine) because they went to Ise Shrine via Tsu City and Matsuzaka City, helped the Ise shonin develop.
- 西川春洞門の豊道春海による大正時代末期の「日本書道作振会」の創立を皮切りに、大規模な書道団体の結成が相次ぎ、その団体による書道展が開催された。
- Starting with that, Shunkai BUNDO, a follower of Shundo NISHIKAWA, established 'Nihon Shodo Sakushin-Kai' (an association for promoting calligraphy in Japan) newly towards the end of Taisho period, many calligraphic bodies were established one after another, holding calligraphic exhibitions.
- しかし、発展過程がそれぞれ異なる、日置流(武射系)や小笠原流(礼射系)の文化的・歴史的な背景に敬意を払い、よく理解して弓道を学ぶことが望ましい。
- However, because the development processes are respectively different, it is hoped that students of archery will pay respect to and understand well the cultural and historical backgrounds of the Heki school (busha group) and the Ogasawara school (reisha group).
- 日本式居酒屋のメニューにはあったが、2001年にやはり台湾の日の船「章魚小丸子」が中国大陸で法人を設立し、各大都市でのチェーン展開を進めている。
- Some Japanese-style izakaya bars had served takoyaki since early times, and in 2001 the Taiwanese enterprise Ship of the Sun 'Octopus small meatball' established corporation in the mainland China and started opening a far-reaching chain in big cities.
- 登場人物やその関係などは初めて見物する観客にとってもよく知っているなかで、観客は戯作者がどのようにストーリーを展開させるかを楽しむようになった。
- Even a first-time spectator knew well about the characters of the story, their mutual relations and other details, so spectators found pleasure in how the writer of the popular story developed the drama.
- 京は富裕層向けを初めとした高付加価値商品生産地、すなわち工業都市として発展し、製品・職人が日本各地へと流れ、付随して京文化の影響を各地に与えた。
- Kyoto had been developed as a high-value-added commodity production area, or industrial city, such as those for the wealthy class, and its products and craftsmen circulated around various areas in Japan, which brought the accompanying influence of Kyoto culture to those regions thereon.
- ただしその指摘はまだ一部に限られており、この宣長の着想をさらに発展させたのが彼の門弟・石塚龍麿による『仮名遣奥山路』(1798年頃発表)である。
- However, it was only a limited comment, and this idea of Motoori was further developed by his disciple Tatsumaro ISHIZUKA who wrote 'Kanazukai Oku no Yamamichi' (The Mountain Road into the Secrets of Kana Usage) (published around 1798).
- もっとも、明治以前においても、江戸時代の経済発展に伴い、水運路の整備のため東北地方から九州まで河川改修が進み、物資の流通は飛躍的に伸びてはいた。
- It seems that, even before the Meiji period, rivers were improved in the areas from Tohoku to Kyushu to provide better water transportation routes, corresponding to economic development in the Edo period, and the amount of goods distributed throughout the nation increased greatly.
- 京極高三は宮津城の築城にともない廃城(一国一城令)となっていた舞鶴城(田辺城)の再構築や、城下町の整備などを行い、その後の舞鶴発展の礎を築いた。
- Takamitsu KYOGOKU rebuilt Maizuru-jo Castle (Tanabe-jo Castle) which was abandoned due to the 'One Clan, One Castle' policy of the Tokugawa shogunate, and maintained the castle town, laying the foundation for the future development of Maizuru.
- 特に内蔵寮など自己に属していた官人の多くを失った壬生家の反発は強く、寛永11年(1634年)に出納平田職忠と官務壬生孝亮との間の相論に発展した。
- Especially, the Mibu family reacted sharply because their former subordinate officials, including those of the Palace Storehouse Bureau, were taken over by the Hirata family, which culminated in the dispute between 'suino' Mototada HIRATA and 'kanmu' Takasuke MIBU in 1634.
- この時代には禅宗僧の往来がしきりで、禅宗とともに持ち込まれた文化(精進料理、水墨画、喫茶の習慣など)はその後の日本文化の発展に大きな影響を与えた。
- In this period, coming and going by Zen (Buddhism) monks were implemented actively, and cultures (a vegetarian dish, ink-wash painting, custom of tea drinking) brought along with the Zen sect had a big influence on subsequent developments of Japanese culture.
- 会日が縁日に変化し、庶民の生活習慣に深く根ざすようになった事や、各地域での経済の発展と市(定期市)の発生が、的屋を中心とする露天商の発展を促した。
- The transformation of 'kaijitsu' (gatherings) into fairs, becoming an integral part of people's lifestyle, together with the growth of local economies and the emergence of markets, prompted the growth of stalls centered around tekiya.
- 滋賀県の県庁所在地ではあるが、県の南西端に位置し、また京都市に隣接し京都の衛星都市として発展してきたことから、滋賀県の中核都市としての性格は弱い。
- Although it is the prefectural capital, the feature as a core city of Shiga Prefecture is weak since it is located at the southwest end of the prefecture and adjacent to Kyoto City, and it has been developed as a satellite city of Kyoto.
- その後の1980年代以降では、義江彰夫、関幸彦、元木泰雄その他の方が、それら両論の成果を発展させるべくそれぞれの視点から積極的に論を展開している。
- Since the 1980s, Akio YOSHIE, Yukihiko SEKI, Yasuo MOTOKI, and others have passionately debated those two arguments from their respective points of view to develop each other's theory.
- 例えば、展開図を二次元の作品へと平らに折りたためるかどうかの問題 (flat-foldability) はそういった数学的課題のうちの一つである。
- For example, flat-foldability, an issue as to whether or not a crease pattern can be folded into a two-dimensional model, is an example of a mathematical challenge.
- 世話物では、物語の一部としてだんまりがでて、そこで手紙や宝刀などの小道具が登場人物の一人の手に入り、次の幕で新たな展開になるといった筋書きが多い。
- In sewamono, many of the scenarios include a danmari scene, where an actor acquires a prop, such as a letter or a treasure sword, and a new development starts on the next scene.
- その後、三代目南陵の弟子間で訴訟にまで発展する内紛があり、四代目南陵(前名小南陵・元参議院議員)一門は上方講談協会を除名され大阪講談協会を結成した。
- Subsequently, an internecine feud broke out between those apprenticed to Nanryo the third, which developed into a lawsuit, and the family of Nanryo the fourth (former Konanryo and former member of the House of Councilors) was expelled from Kamigata Kodan Kyokai (Kamigata Kodan Association), after which they formed Osaka Kodan Kyokai (Osaka Kodan Association).
- 大陸文化と日本文化、公家文化と武家文化など諸文化の融合がおおいに進展するなど活気に満ちてはいるが一方では粗野な側面をもつ足利義満の時期の文化である。
- It was a culture that was established during the time of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA; it was full of vitality in that the mixture of various cultures dramatically developed such that the culture of the continent mixed with the Japanese culture, or the culture of court nobles mixed with the culture of the warrior class; however, Kitayama culture had a vulgar aspect as well.
- しかしながら文様の延長線上としての色彩的な意味合いが強く、鎌倉時代にかけて徐々に、その後の帰属の証明や家紋の意味合いや役割に、発展・変貌していった。
- There was a strong sense of color in the design, but by the Kamakura period the Kamon had gradually developed and evolved to take on the more traditional role and connotations of Kamon and served as proof of ownership.
- 具体的には、(2) 紀伊山地の文化的景観を形成する記念碑と遺跡は神道と仏教のたぐいまれな融合であり、東アジアにおける宗教文化の交流と発展を例証する。
- Specifically, (2) monuments and sites, which form cultural scenery in Kii Mountain Range, are unusual syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, while it illustrates the interaction and development of religious culture in the east Asia.
- なお、旅亭 紅葉に隣接して、ホテル紅葉と丸玉観光の創業者の木下彌三郎が収集したギリシャ・ローマ彫刻、日本画、洋画などを展示している木下美術館がある。
- Pieces such as sculpture from Greece and Rome, Japanese-style paintings and western paintings collected by Yasaburo KINOSHITA, the founder of Hotel Koyo and Marutama Kanko, were on display at Kinoshita Museum of Art adjacent to Ryotei Koyo.
- しかしながら、1960年代に戸田芳実や石井進 (歴史学者)らによる国衙機構に関する研究が進展すると、武士の起源武装農民説はもはや成立し得なくなった。
- However, as research about the kokuga system was advanced by Yoshimi TODA and Susumu ISHII (each of them a historian) in the 1960s, it became impossible to consider that samurai originated in armed farmers.
- 当時は摂関家が政治の上層を独占する摂関政治が展開し、中流・下流貴族は特定の官職を世襲してそれ以上の昇進が望めない、といった家職の固定化が進んでいた。
- At that time, the regency government that Sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) monopolized the highest level of political power was developed and the forming social standing and fixing family business and trade were undergoing so the nobility in the middle lower class only inherited a specific government post and could not ask any more promotion.
- ただ沖縄諸島、または沖縄の文化を伝えている地域では、八橋流の流れをくむ独自の琉球箏曲が発展・継承されていて、そちらは現在でも生田流式の箏を使っている。
- However, as the unique Ryukyu Sohkyoku (Okinawa Soh music) which originated from the Yatsuhashi school has been handed down in Okinawa as well as in other regions where Okinawa culture remains, Soh of the Ikuta school style is being used in these regions even today.
- 家の存続・発展と道の存続・発展は密接につながり合っており、家は道を追求するために存在し、道が家によって保持されるという補完関係にあると考えられてきた。
- People had been thinking that keeping up and developing a family and the Michi were connected closely; a family existed to pursue the Michi and the Michi was maintained by the family in a complementary relationship.
- 弓射の分類は伝統的に騎射と歩射の二分類であるが、江戸時代に堂射が隆盛し独自の発展を遂げたので、射法の系統としては堂射を加えた3分類とされることが多い。
- Yumiire has been traditionally classified into Kisha and Busha, but Dosha is often added as another style of shooting, because it was in it's prime and developed independently during Edo Period.
- 生酛系や純米酒など、昔からある製法で造っている酒では、冷やで飲んでもさほど印象的でなかった酒が、燗にすると本領を発揮し、奥深い味を展開することが多い。
- With sake produced with traditional methods such as kimotokei and junmaishu, in many cases, sake that is not so impressive when taken cold shows itself at its best.
- これには朝廷内部でも不満を持つものが多く、嘉応2年(1170年)には摂政・松殿基房と平重盛との間で暴力沙汰に発展した紛争が起きている(殿下乗合事件)。
- This state of affairs had aroused resentment among many within the imperial court, until in 1170, the conflict between the Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO and TAIRA no Shigemori escalated into violence (the 'Riding together in His Highness's Carriage' incident).
- 整備計画は、明日香村の歴史的風土の維持・保存と同時に、生活環境を整え村を発展させていくため、道路・下水道・公園・教育施設・農業環境などの整備をはかる。
- The development plan aims to preserve and maitain the historical landscape of Asuka-mura and, at the same time, to develop and adjust streets, sewers, parks, educational facilities and agricultural environment.
- (3) 紀伊山地の神社と仏教寺院は、それらに関連する宗教儀式とともに、1000年以上にわたる日本の宗教文化の発展に関するひときわ優れた証拠性を有する。
- (3) The shrines and Buddhist temples in Kii Mountain Range, together with their associated religious rites, are regarded as particularly excellent evidence on the development of Japanese religious culture over 1000 years.
- 後半は「千鳥の部」と呼ばれることもあり、まず箏、胡弓共に千鳥の鳴き声の暗示で始まり、次第にテンポを速くし、描写から離れて純音楽的展開を見せ、盛り上がる。
- The latter half is also referred to as 'chidori no bu' (chidori section), in which both koto and kyokyu start an indication of a chirp of a chidori, gradually pick up the tempo, and show a pure musical progress to the climax departing from a depiction of a scene.
- 日本は開国したため国外との貿易が発展し、絹糸(生糸)と絹製品の輸出額は全輸出額のうち大きな割合をしめ、世界的に日本は絹の生産地とみなされるようになった。
- As Japan opened the country and trade with countries abroad grew, the export of silk yarn and silk products accounted for a major part of the total amount of export; Japan began to be regarded as the world's silk supplier.
- 日隆 (法華宗本門流)の八品主義に反対して、日要の奉じた文底寿量説を発展させて富士門流の発展に尽力して京都要法寺の日辰とともに「東我西辰」と並称された。
- Nichiga was opposed to the Happon policy by Nichiryu of Honmon school of Hokkeshu sect, and developed the Montei-juryo theory embraced by Nichiyo, in his effort to reinforce the development of Fujimon school, after which he came to share the title 'Toga Saishin' (Nichiga of East and Nisshin of West) along with Nisshin of Kyoto Yobo-ji Temple.
- 近世邦楽としての箏曲は本来「組歌」という歌のみの楽曲形式による曲を最も正式なジャンルとし、またその後も地歌とともに発展したため、歌のついている曲が多い。
- A lot of sokyoku music pieces have lyrics since the most formal style of sokyoku as early-modern traditional Japanese music is 'kumiuta,' which is composition style of songs with vocals only, and sokyoku have been developed along with jiuta.
- 今日、ニュージーランドの温泉はスポーツやエクササイズといった健康面で結びつき、あくまでスポーツやアウトドア後に汗を流すための保養施設として発展している。
- At present, the use of hot springs in New Zealand is linked with healthcare activities, such as sports and exercise, and hot springs have developed as health resorts where people shed sweat after participating in sports and/or outdoor activities.
- 安土桃山時代に入ると織田信長や豊臣秀吉が当地に拠点を築いて経済改革を行い、また、大規模な手伝普請と城下町形成を行うことで人口の集住と経済発展が見られた。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI built their bases here and carried out economic reforms, and in addition, a concentration of population and economic development were seen by conducting a large-scale engineering works for the shogun (tetsudai bushin) and by forming castle towns.
- 中世の中期(鎌倉時代中期・後期)ごろから、商品流通の活発化とそれに伴う貨幣経済の進展が次第に顕著となっていくと、地子を貨幣で納入する事例が増えていった。
- From around the middle of the medieval period (the mid or late Kamakura period), as commercial distribution became more active and the money economy accompanied with it gradually became pronounced, more and more jishi was paid in money.
- 室町時代に入ると商業取引上の決済手段としても用いられ、京都・奈良・堺・兵庫津などとの主要商業都市には割符屋・替銭屋と呼ばれる専門業者が発展するに至った。
- In the early Muromachi period, tally was used as a means of settlement in commercial transactions, and in the major commercial towns such as Kyoto, Nara, Sakai and Hyogonotsu, specialized dealers called 'saifuya' and 'kaesenya' flourished.
- 経済状況の変化にともなって荘園経済は相当な発展を見せたが、それでも中世後期に至るまで、荘園が全く存在しないか、不完全でしか存在しない地域が残存し続けた。
- With the change of economical situations, the shoen's economy dramatically developed, but until the late medieval period, some regions had continued to remain where shoens had not existed at all or only partially.
- こうした動きは室町時代に入ると一層加速していき、守護大名による守護領国制が形成され、さらに戦国時代 (日本)の戦国大名による大名領国制へ発展していった。
- During the Muromachi period, such a trend was accelerated, the shugo-ryogoku system (in which shugo, or provincial constable, controlled the province) was formed by shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), and then entering into the Sengoku Period (period of warring states) (in Japan), the daimyo-ryogoku system (a system whereby a daimyo controlled a feudal domain) was developed by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period.
- 武道の諸団体と相協力して維持発展に努力を期し、役員も全国から選ばれた評議員の会で純民間人を推薦してこれをあて、取扱う種目も剣道・柔道・弓道などに限定した。
- Efforts were made on behalf of conservation and development through mutual cooperation with various martial arts organizations, the board members were appointed from among the private citizens, being recommended through a council elected from around the country, and the items they handled were limited to Kendo, Judo and Kyudo.
- これを庭園に再現する努力から筑山・池・島・白砂・水流・滝など自然要素で構成する日本の伝統様式に発展し、すでにこの時代に位置付けられていたことを示している。
- Japanese people tried to reproduce them in gardens and effort was developed to compose a traditional form of Japanese garden with a small mountain, a pond, an island, white sand, a stream, and a water fall, and this was already positioned as a form during the period.
- そして、近世城下町発展の最大の功労者は織田信長で、本格的な兵農分離を意図し武士を城下に集住させるとともに、市街に楽市楽座を設けて商工業の発達を活発にした。
- The most important person in relation to the development of jokamachi in the early-modern times was Nobunaga ODA, and with the idea of serious heinobunri in mind, he gathered bushi (warriors) near his castle and established Rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds) in the city areas to stimulate the development of commerce and trade.
- しかし天保を迎える頃には、もはや三味線の技巧開拓も行き着く所まで行き着き、「手事」も追求され尽くして、盲人音楽家たちは新たな作曲の展開を様々に模索していた。
- However, by the beginning of Tempo era (1830), the development of shamisen technique had been accomplished and 'tegoto' had also been thoroughly sought, where the blind musicians sought a new development of composition in various ways.
- 明治36年頃、北海道で不振であったマダラにかわってスケトウダラの漁が発展したことから卵の加工が始まり、その影響でたらこが普及するようになったと言われている。
- It is said that, the development of Walleye pollack fishing which replaced the Pacific cod fishing that stagnated around 1903 in Hokkaido, led the production of cod roes to begin, and by that, the tarako has become widespread.
- 敷居と鴨居を設けて樋(みぞ)を彫った、可動式の板壁の発明が契機となり、建具技術の革新と応用発展が一気に開花し、引き違い戸の襖障子や遣戸を工夫発明していった。
- The invention of movable wooden wall set in the tracks carved in the threshold and kamoi led to the flowering in innovations of techniques of doors and applications and the devices for sliding Fusuma Shoji and yarido.
- 江戸時代初期池坊専好が、色彩本位の豪華な法式をはじめて発展し、華道の家元として江戸時代中期に興った遠州流や古流などの本流となるものとして現在にいたっている。
- In the early Edo period, Senko IKENOBO launched a fancy flower arrangement style particularly emphasizing colors, thought to be main school for the Enshu School and the Old School in the mid Edo period.
- 日本の弓術は独自の発展を遂げ、ヨーロッパでの短弓を用いる技術体系を元に成立した現代スポーツのアーチェリー等とは全く異なり、日本独特の技法・文化・歴史を持つ。
- Japanese Kyujutsu developed independently and has its own technique, culture, and history, and is totally different from modern sports like archery, based upon Tankyu (short bow) from Europe.
- 南朝が衰微して、室町時代になると京には室町幕府が置かれたために政治都市として復活する一方で経済発展を遂げ、町衆と呼ばれる有力市民による自治の伝統が生まれた。
- While the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu in Kyo during the Muromachi period following the decline of the Southern Court led to the revival of Kyoto as a political city, it also achieved economic development and a tradition of self-governance by influential citizens called machishu (merchant class) arose.
- 奈良県立橿原考古学研究所には、川底改修の際に出土した木製の樋が保存展示されており、「益田池の堤 附樋管」として奈良県の指定文化財として史跡に指定されている。
- Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture preserves and exhibits wooden gutters which were excavated during renovation of the river bed and are designated as cultural property 'Gutter Pipes for the Bank of Masuda-ike Pond'by Nara Prefecture.
- 通説的には惣領制が崩壊し、庶子家が独自の動きを取り始めると一族一揆を結ぶことで庶子家との繋がりを維持したが、やがて地縁による国人一揆へと発展したと言われる。
- It is commonly accepted that when the Soryo system (a system in which the eldest son would succeed as head of the family) collapsed, the branch families began to act independently from the main line of the house, which led to them maintaining relationships with other branch families by forming ichizoku ikki (family ikki) with them, and this is said to have developed into the forming of kokujin ikki based on territorial connections.
- その後、江戸時代に入り、商工業の発展や社会に浸透していた文書主義などにより、実務教育の需要が一層高まり、先ず江戸や京都などの都市部に寺子屋が普及して行った。
- Later, in the Edo period, with the development of commerce and trade, and with the rise in importance of documents, the demand for practical education grew, which led to the spread of Terakoya initially in city areas such as Edo and Kyoto.
- 更なる発展形として、移動販売車の欠点[衛生面での業態の制限][道路交通法の問題][電気や給排水設備の不足][車内作業効率の悪さ]を解決した車両も現し始めた。
- Subsequently, Mobile Food Vendor Vehicles were developed into different forms to facilitate and resolve certain negative aspects: 'Limits on the business dependent on hygiene conditions,' 'problems in compliance to the Road Traffic Act,' 'the lack of equipment electricity, water supply, draining systems,' and 'the inefficiency of working inside a vehicle.'
- 自由民権運動の発展に対し、、開拓使官有物払下げ事件に端を発した明治十四年の政変で、伊藤博文は即時国会開設を唱えていた急進派の大隈重信一派を政府から追放する。
- To address the growing Movement for Liberty and People's Right, during the political coup of 1881 triggered by the incident in which the Hokkaido Development Commissioner disposed of state-owned articles, Hirobumi ITO drove out the left-wing faction under the leadership of Shigenobu OKUMA that was calling for immediate establishment of the Diet.
- しかし、阪妻プロと松竹キネマとの契約上、ユニヴァーサル社が望む「阪東妻三郎主演作品」が1作もなかったため、同年5月末には契約解除となり、訴訟にまで発展した。
- However, since Universal Pictures, Inc. desired a film starring Bantsuma and such a film was never created due to a contract between Bantsuma Productions and Shochiku Kinema, the contract with Universal Pictures, Inc. was cancelled at the end of May of the same year and even turned into a lawsuit.
- 実際、手事物は地歌において組歌や長歌から派生 (短い合の手が発展) したものと、もともと器楽曲であったものに歌の部分を付加したものの二通りがあると考えられる。
- In fact, tegotomono is thought to be divided into two kinds: the one which originated from kumiuta or choka in jiuta (short intermezzo developed) and the one which added the song parts to the works that were originally pieces of instrumental music.
- またこのジャンルの発展に決定的な役割を果たした古賀政男は、少年時代を過ごした朝鮮をはじめロマなど世界各地の民族音楽や西洋音楽からの影響も作品に盛り込んでいる。
- Masao KOGA who played a critical role in the development of this genre produced works reflecting the influence of ethnic music around the world, including music in Korea where he spent his boyhood, Roma music and western music.
- 2000年代以降は同人誌や2次創作、アンソロジー、ウェブコミック(ウェブ漫画、インターネット上で公開する漫画)の文化も更に発展し、更に漫画誌の数も増え続けた。
- Since the 2000s, the culture of dojinshi (publication aimed at a particular hobby group), derivative work, anthology and web comic (a comic published on the Internet) developed further and the number of comic magazines continued to increase.
- また<池なき所の遣水は、事外にひろくながして>とあるように見せ方を種々述べているが、その見せ方の記述に、後に展開される日本作庭手法の先駆的表現が示されている。
- In this book, there are many techniques and ways to show the garden like 'streams in the garden where there is no pond, should be exceptionally wide and long' and the description to show the garden is an expression leading to the techniques to produce a Japanese garden developed in later years.
- 現在、飛ぶ鳥を落とすほどの勢いで、チェーン展開を拡大しており、天下一品にはまだ及ばないが、すでに店舗数は100店を超えており、その勢いは留まる気配を見せない。
- Mirai-tei is now rapidly expanding, with more than 100 stores; while still less than Tenka-ippin, its growth knows no limits.
- 二度の禁武政策を通じて、武器を取り上げられた人々が、薩摩藩に対抗するために空手を発展させたとする説が、従来、歴史的事実であるかのように繰り返し言及されてきた。
- Traditionally, the belief that Okinawan people, who were deprived of weapons after two kinmu seisaku, tried to refine karate to confront the Satsuma Domain was repeatedly insisted as if it were a historical fact.
- また、近代に入ると、荘園に関する学術的な研究の進展も見られ、1933年には『荘園志料』が編纂されたほか、石母田正らによる伊賀国黒田荘の研究は良く知られている。
- And in the modern era, the academic studies on shoens also progressed and 'Shoenshiryo' (Dictionary of manors in Japan edited by Masatake SHIMIZU) was edited in 1933 and the study on Kuroda no sho of Iga Province by Tadashi ISHIMODA and so on is well-known.
- 舞鶴港は近畿地方の日本海側における玄関港として発展した港湾で、1970年(昭和45年)より北海道小樽市の小樽港とを直結する長距離フェリー航路が開設されている。
- Maizuru Port was developed as the main port for the Kinki region on the Japan Sea side, and a long-distance direct ferry route has operated since 1970 between this port and Otaru Port in Otaru City, Hokkaido Prefecture.
- ただし都市化の進展と共に、遊廓の存在が問題になり、郊外などへ移転させられる事例もあった(例:東京大学の近くにあった根津遊郭が深川の洲崎パラダイスに移転、など)
- With the progress of urbanization, however, the existence of Yukaku was acknowledged as a problem and some red-light districts were forced to move to the suburbs, etc. (e.g. Nezu Yukaku near the University of Tokyo was transferred to Susaki Paradise, Fukagawa)
- 北海道函館市近郊に店舗展開するファストフード店の「ラッキーピエロ」では、ハンバーガーのレギュラーメニューの一つとして「くじら味噌カツバーガー」を提供している。
- In 'Lucky Pierrot,' a chain of fast food shops located in the suburb of Hakodate City, Hokkaido, kujira misokatsu burger (burger with whale cutlet with miso) is offered as a regular burger menu item.
- ただし、これらもリアルに描写するというよりは象徴的であり、またあくまでもモティーフとして音楽的に発展させられており、単なる描写音楽として片付けることはできない。
- However, the depiction in these pieces is symbolic rather than realistic, and its musical development was clearly as motifs; thus these pieces cannot be regarded simply as depictive music.
- 明治維新後、特に戦後は交通や通信の発展と多くの流派が衰退し同流多派が少なくなった事により、古武道の世界でも宗家制度が広まり、全国的な組織が作られる例も見られる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, especially after World War II, because traffic and communications developed, and a lot of schools declined and doryutaha (multi styles in the same school) decreased, Soke Seido (system of the head family or house) pervades also in the world of kobudo, and we can see cases where a nationwide organization has been established.
- 駅構内で販売される実用的な食事という枠を飛び越え地域の特産品などを盛り込んだ郷土色溢れる弁当としての発展を目指す、という方向性が駅弁のひとつの流れとなっている。
- Ekiben business has changed its strategy aimed at the development as a box lunch enriched with the local color by adding local specialties, with eliminating the concept that Ekiben is a practical meal sold within station precincts.
- もともとはフランス料理のCôteletteまでルーツを辿ることができるが、日本の「カツレツ」という料理方法は独自に発展したもので、和食と考えるのが一般的である。
- Its roots originally go back to the Côtelette of French cuisine, but Japan's 'tonkatsu' recipe has developed separately and is therefore considered a Japanese dish.
- こうした浄土教の普及に力があったのは、むしろ既成の教団や寺院から離れ、山林に入り、あるいは遍歴して独自の活動を展開した聖、あるいは上人とよばれた求道者であった。
- In fact, the seekers, so-called hijiri or shonin who had left their religious community or temples, and went into the mountain forest or wandered from place to place resumed their own activities; they spread the Jodo sect the most.
- 1958年「東京フォトスクール」を創立、1960年東京綜合写真専門学校と名称を変えて発展させ、自らの写真美学や批評精神を展開しつつ、写真家の育成に情熱を注いだ。
- Having established 'Tokyo Photo School' in 1958 and renamed it Tokyo College of Photography in 1960 for further development, he devoted himself to training photographers while he developed his own photographic aesthetics and critical spirit.
- 昭和になり、伊達興宗亡き後夫人が伊達家の所有する山林を勝手に売却するなど横暴な振る舞いをして親族と争いごとに発展したとされ、世間で新伊達騒動と言われ注目された。
- In the early Showa Period, after Okimune DATE died, his widow started to behave in an autocratic manner and sold mountain forests owned by the Date clan without consulting other family members, which led to an internal conflict of the Date family (a 'new Date Sodo') and attracted people's attention.
- 現在の町並みは愛宕神社 (京都市)の門前町として発展したもので、化野念仏寺を境に瓦屋根の町家風民家が並ぶ下地区と茅葺きの農家が多い上地区と二つの風景が共存する。
- The area, which developed as a Monzen-machi or a temple town of Atago-jinja Shrine, has two different townscapes with Adashino Nenbutsu-ji Temple as the boundary: Shimo-chiku characterized by Machiya (tradesmen's houses) with tiled roof and Kami-chiku characterized by farmhouses with thatched roof.
- それを師の浦崎検校が受けて発展させたが、更に八重崎がより工夫、洗練させ、松浦検校や菊岡検校が完成させた京流手事物を、合奏音楽として更に音楽的価値の高いものとした。
- His master Kengyo URASAKI took over and developed it, but YAEZAKI himself devised and refined it further and made Kyoto-style tegotomono (a form of Japanese chamber music) which kengyo MATSUURA or kengyo KIKUOKA had completed an ensemble music which had a higher musical value.
- 室町時代は戦乱の世であったが、東山文化の時代を中心にして、猿楽(能)、茶道、書院(書院造)などが発展し、今日「日本的」といわれる文化の多くがこの時代につくられた。
- Although the Muromachi period was the age of wars, sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) (Noh), tea ceremony and Shoin (reception room) (Shoin-zukuri style (a traditional Japanese style of residential architecture that included a tokonoma) developed, and many cultures considered to be a 'Japanese-style' culture at present were created in this period.
- 原則としてメジャーブランドやプライベートブランドの製品製造に携わったパッカーの社名が表に出る事は殆ど無いが、一部のパッカーは自社ブランド製品なども展開させている。
- While company names of producers that manufacture major and private brands hardly appear on the labels in principle, some producers develop their own brand name products.
- また料亭は、日本料理を堪能したり、接待や会食の場に利用したり、芸妓衆の舞の鑑賞やお座敷遊びなどの通常の用途の他に、しばしば展示会や各種の催し物の会場にも使われる。
- Besides the usual enjoyment of Japanese cuisine, and as a place of receptions, feasts, appreciation of dance by geishas, and table games, ryotei are also used frequently as a hall for exhibitions or various events.
- 元々、地子は生産物地代の性格を持ち、その土地の生産物が地子として納入されていたが、中世後期ごろから貨幣経済が進展していくと、貨幣による地子の納入が増加していった。
- Originally, jishi had the characteristics of a tax payment in the form of products and the local products were brought in as jishi but jishi payment in money increased as the money economy gradually advanced from the late mid-period.
- 王朝国家体制期における中央政治機構や軍制・荘園政策・負名体制に関する研究は著しい進展を見せ、さらには王朝国家に代わる新たな古代-中世移行論が唱えられ始めてはいる。
- The study of central government organization, military systems, shoen policy, and local tax management systems during the Dynastic polity period has marked significant progress and another theory concerning the transition from the ancient times to the medieval age was proposed in lieu of the theory of Dynastic polity.
- しかし総じて、このような盲人への保護政策により三味線音楽や近世箏曲、胡弓楽の成立発展、管鍼法の確立など、江戸時代の音楽や鍼灸医学の発展が促進されたことは重要である。
- In general, however, it should be noted that by the welfare system for the blind, the development of music and the medicine of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Edo period was advanced, including the formation and development of shamisen music, modern koto music and Chinese fiddle as well as the establishment of the acupuncture needle tube method.
- おでんに関しても基本的には同様であるが、上記のような複雑な発展の経緯があったために、関東で関西風のだしが本格的とされたり、関西でも濃口醤油を用いたりすることがある。
- Although this holds true for Oden, due to the complex history of development mentioned above, Kansai-style soup stock may be considered as authentic in Kanto, and dark-colored soy sauce may be used in Kansai as well.
- 和食と比較して歴史が短いことから地域差が小さく、全国的に見ても類似したメニューとなることが多いためファミリーレストランなどによる全国展開が比較的容易な分野でもある。
- Since such dishes have a relatively short history when compared to Japanese food, there are few regional differences, and similar menus can be found all over Japan, which makes it easier for family restaurants to spread those menus throughout all of Japan.
- 以降、米国内における缶コーヒー『Starbucks DoubleShot』の発売(2002)や、加温可能な自社ブランドの自動販売機導入など積極的な市場展開を進める。
- After that, it actively developed the market by putting on the US market canned coffee, 'Starbucks Double Shot' (2002) and by introducing heating vending machines for its own brand products.
- また本社では大正琴の製造工程が見学できる他、歴代(森田伍郎発明当時の品から現代に至るまで)の大正琴及び古い楽譜やレコードが展示され、大正琴の歴史を知ることができる。
- At the head office, in addition to an observation tour of the manufacturing processes of taishogoto, taishogoto of each generation (which ranges from the original taishogoto invented by Goro MORITA to the present one), old sheets of music and record albums are displayed allowing people to learn the history of taishogoto.
- 「天一」の「こってり」はラーメンと言うより独自の食べ物という人もいるが、歴史的な流れや、味の形成過程を見る限り、旧来の京都ラーメンのこってり系の発展系と考えられる。
- Some people say the 'thick type' for 'Ten-ichi' is more a unique dish rather than ramen, but it can be considered to be have evolved from the thick type of conventional Kyoto ramen considering the historical background and the way in which the taste was formed.
- 京都府外ではチェーン展開している店も多くあり、京都発祥のラーメンであるとの誤解を招いているが、京都市内では一部の観光客向けの店で見られるだけで、ほとんど存在しない。
- There are many stores which have opened a chain in areas except Kyoto, leading to a misunderstanding that the ramen came from Kyoto, when in reality they are seldom seen in Kyoto City except for a few stores located in tourist traps.
- 更に検非違使が徴税に関する業務を行うことがあったことから、検非違使の不入を求める動きも現れ、結果的には検非違使本来の業務である警察権の排除にも発展するようになった。
- In addition, because kebiishi sometimes worked to collect taxes, a movement to keep kebiishi from entering shoen also arose and this led to the elimination of their policing rights, which was the actual task of kebiishi.
- 次に呉王、金剛、迦楼羅(かるら)、呉女、崑崙(くろん)、力士、波羅門(ばらもん)、大孤(たいこ)、酔胡(すいこ)という登場人物によって劇的展開をもつ演技がはじまる。
- Then, a theatrical performance with a dramatic twist begins with the characters including the king of Wu, Kongo (Vajra), Karura (Garuda), Kuron (Konron), Rikishi (wrestler), Baramon (Brahman), Taiko (an old Buddhist) and Suiko (Drunken Persian King).
- 松井家の城下町であった熊本県八代市の八代市立博物館や松井文庫には松井歴代史料が展示されており、近くには八代城跡や松井家の御茶屋だった松浜軒(しょうひんけん)もある。
- In Yatsushiro City of Kumamoto Prefecture which had been the castle town of the Matsui clan, historical materials of the Matsui clan are displayed at the Yatsushiro Municipal Museum and Matsui Bunko Library, and in its vicinity, there remain sites of Yatsushiro-jo Castle and Shohinken which used to be Matsui clan's ochaya (rest house).
- 同時に合奏法が発達して、独奏だけでなく段合わせ、地合わせ、打ち合わせ、本手替手合奏、三曲合奏など、様々な合奏法が編み出され、手事は次第にその中心的部分として発展した。
- At the same time, ensemble methods developed, and not only solos but also various types of ensemble methods such as danawase, jiawase, uchiawase, honte kaede gasso, and sankyoku gasso were created; gradually tegoto developed as a core part of these methods.
- 便器は重く嵩張るため、製造コストが安い中国などの発展途上国からの輸送では引き合わず日本市場はほぼ国内メーカーで占められ、将来的にもこの傾向は変わらないとみられている。
- As the toilet basin is heavy and bulky, the transportation from the developing countries such as China and so on whose production costs are cheap is out of proportion to the benefit and thus the Japanese market is mostly dominated by home manufacturers and this tendency is expected to continue in the future.
- これを「真理を見つめる眼が仏を産む」更に「人に真理を見せて仏として生まれ変わらせる宇宙の神性」という様に擬人化して考え、仏母即ち「仏の母」としての仏眼信仰に発展した。
- This is personified as 'eyes looking at the truth will give birth to Buddha', and further as 'divinity of the universe to make a person look at the truth to reborn as a Buddha', which were further developed into worship of Buddha's eyes that symbolize the mother of Buddha.
- (駅弁業者が出自であっても、その後大規模な食品会社に発展したところでは、その地域のコンビニ弁当やお惣菜商品の調理を一手に引き受けるているところも少なからず存在する)。
- (Not a few companies that have developed into large-scaled food companies, even if their origin was in the Ekiben delicatessen, undertake the cooking of the convenience store box lunches or side dishes sold in the areas.)
- この延喜期の既得権剥奪によって経済基盤を失おうとしている瀬戸内沿岸の衛府舎人らは、自らの権益を主張し続けていたが、承平期に至ってついに海賊行為を展開することとなった。
- Facing the loss of their economic basis due to the deprivation of the vested rights in the Engi era, the Efutoneri along the Seto Inland Sea continued claiming their rights, and entering the Johei era, took the action of piracy.
- 少林寺拳法は宗道臣(みちおみ・後のどうしん)が香川県を拠点に、日本拳法は澤山宗海(さわやまむねおみ・本名 澤山勝)が大阪府を中心に活動を始め発展した全く別の拳法である。
- Shorinji kenpo, which was started by Michiomi (the future Doshin) SO and has developed based in Kagawa Prefecture, and Nihon Kenpo, which was started by Nuneomi SAWAYAMA (born Masaru SAWAYAMA) and has developed centered in Osaka Prefecture, are totally different Kenpo.
- 落語 - 町人庶民、女性、ダメな人の物語、ホンネ、演者と客との一体感、下からの目線、世の矛盾を肯定、反社会性の肯定、心情描写、会話により展開される、しゃべりに緩急が必要
- Rakugo features: townspeople/common people, women, stories on poor people, true feelings, a sense of unity between performers and audience, standpoints from underneath, affirmation of inconsistency in the world, affirmation of antisocial nature, descriptions of sentiment, development by conversation, and required pacing of narrative.
- 江戸中期頃、松村呉春を祖とし、岡本豊彦や松村景文らが発展させ、京都画壇で一大勢力となり、その後塩川文麟、幸野楳嶺、竹内栖鳳、西山翠嶂、堂本印象などと現代まで続いている。
- Around the Mid-Edo period, Goshun MATSUMURA founded it and Toyohiko OKAMOTO, Keibun MATSUMURA and others developed it to a force of the Kyoto painting circles, then Bunrin SHIOKAWA, Bairei KONO, Seiho TAKEUCHI, Suisho NISHIYAMA, Insho DOMOTO and others took over and it continues to this day.
- 武射系と言えば日置流系統の射を指し(この場合は歩射・堂射が含まれている)、礼射系と言えば、小笠原流騎射・歩射から儀礼・儀式的なものを加味されつつ発展した射の系統を指す。
- When it comes to the busha group, it refers to the Heki school system (in this case, it includes walking archery and long-range archery), and when it comes to the reisha group, it refers to the shooting system developed from Ogasawara school's riding archery and walking archery, but gradually implemented with ceremonial elements.
- 国風文化の時代の和歌の隆盛は歌学の発展を促し、『古今和歌集』の紀貫之「仮名序」がその先駆けをなすといわれ、藤原公任の『新撰髄脳』などの自覚的な著作もあらわれるに至った。
- The prosperity of waka in the period of Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) facilitated the development in the study of poetry; beginning with 'Kanajo' (a preface written in kana) by KI no Tsurayuki of 'Kokin Wakashu,' subjective pieces such as 'Shinsen Zuino' (The Essentials of Poetry, Newly Compiled) of FUJIWARA no Kinto appeared.
- 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
- It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.
- 密教などの影響を受け仏教や神道の枠に収まりがたい発展を遂げた宗教には修験道、陰陽道などがあり、真言陀羅尼や功徳を積んだ法力への期待から御霊会など怨霊の鎮魂を担っていた。
- Shugendo (mountaineering asceticism), the Way of Yin and Yang and others have developed to go beyond Buddhism and Shinto under the influence of Esoteric Buddhism, and these religions were used to to pray for repose of vengeful spirits in sacred spirit service (goryoe) and other occasions from the expectation for the manifestation of mantra dharani (commandment of true words) or the power of Buddhism attained by accumulated virtues.
- 近代詩文書については、昭和8年(1933年)金子鴎亭(鷗亭)が『書之研究』に「新調和体」論を展開し、島崎藤村の「秋風の歌」や北原白秋の「けやき」・「かやに」を発表した。
- Concerning calligraphy of modern poems, Otei KANEKO (Otei) wrote in 1933 a 'shin-chowa-tai' (new harmonious style) theory on 'Sho no Kenkyu' (Study of calligraphy), and made public the calligraphy of 'Akikaze-no-uta' (song of autumn wind) by Toson SHIMAZAKI, and 'Keyaki' (zelkova trees) and 'Kayani' by Hakushu KITAHARA.
- 西洋近代を告げるルネサンスにおいては自然回帰運動が起き、芸術の世界では具象をありのままに捉えようとする近代的パースペクティヴが発展し、写実性を求める動きが次第に強まった。
- A movement pursuing photorealism was gradually intensified with the back-to-nature movement launched during the Renaissance which brought the modernization of Western culture, as well as with the modern perspective developed in the world of art which attempted to depict figures as they were.
- 原料に砂糖を用いるようになったのは近世以降であり、特に和三盆は、容易には白砂糖が手に入らない江戸時代、その独特の風味と程よい甘さによって、和菓子の発展に貢献したとされる。
- White sugar has been used as an ingredient only since recently as it was not easy to obtain during the Edo period and wasanbon (refined sugar) sugar is said to have been contributed to the development of wagashi with its unique flavor and the right degree of sweetness.
- また、ホテルやレストランも建てられているが、中に入浴用の温泉は存在しない(ヨーロッパ、特に西欧や東欧は日本ほど湿潤でないことも入浴文化が発展しなかった大きな理由である)。
- Although hotels and restaurants also exist, they don't have the facilities for hot spring bathing inside the building (the fact that the climate in Europe, especially in west and east Europe, is not so humid as Japan is a big reason why the culture of bathing has not developed).
- 江戸時代には、全国各地でその地名を冠した尾張萬歳、三河萬歳、その後、大和万歳などが興り、歌舞のみでなく言葉の掛け合い噺や謎かけ問答を芸に加えて滑稽味を増し発展していった。
- In the Edo period, manzai named after its originating location including Owari Manzai, Mikawa Manzai and Yamato Manzai became popular in many places throughout the country, which developed into something much funnier by adding more wisecracks and riddle dialogues to utamai (a performance of singing and dancing).
- 主に、近江国・伊勢国・河内の教団発展に努力し、実如の死の際には共通の孫にあたる証如を託され、幼少の法主の後見人として本願寺内部で大きな発言権を持ち、指導的な役割を果した。
- Renjun worked hard for the development of the religious community in Omi, Ise, and Kawachi Provinces, and when Jitsunyo died, Renjun was entrusted with the care of Shonyo, the grandson of both these brothers, and exerted leadership with his powerful voice within Hongan-ji Temple as the guardian of the future head of the sect in his childhood.
- 多量の唐物で飾り付けられているところ、のちに同朋衆にもなっていく遁世者がふたりおかれたところは、最盛期、室町時代のそれをおもわせ、会所の発展の経過を示す好例となっている。
- The fact that many karamono were decorated and the presence of two monks, who would eventually become the Doboshu (monks who performed art, tea, and various duties for shogun or daimyo) were viewed as fine examples indicating the progress of Kaisho development and the most flourishing period of Muromachi period,
- 元禄文化(げんろくぶんか)とは、17世紀終わり頃から18世紀初頭にかけて、元禄時代(1688~1707)を中心として、主に京都・大阪などの上方を中心に発展した文化である。
- Genroku culture was a culture that flourished from the end of 17th century to the early 18th century, especially in the Genroku Period (1688-1707), and was centered in mainly Kamigata (Osaka and Kyoto area).
- 成之は孫である澄元を、政元の養子に送りこむことに成功するものの、それは畿内の争乱をさらに激化させることになり、政元暗殺とその後の「永正の錯乱」へと事態は進展するのである。
- Although Shigeyuki succeeded to give Sumimoto, his grand son to Masamoto as an adopted child, it intensified the conflict in the Kinai region and the situation led the assassination of Masamoto and the 'Eisho Disturbance' afterwards.
- 江戸時代以後、古典研究の発展に伴って民間でも有職故実の研究をする者が現れ、世襲化されて学問としては停滞が見られた公家や武家の有職故実の伝統に囚われない独自の研究が見られた。
- During and after the Edo period, researchers of yusoku kojitsu emerged among ordinary citizens along with the development of the study of classical literature, and made original studies free from the traditions of kuge and buke yusoku kojitsu, which showed stagnation as academics because they were transferred by heredity.
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- 「京都市平安京創生館」では,平安京復元模型(1/1000:京域・鴨東・北山部分),豊楽殿復元模型(1/20),豊楽殿鴟尾実物大模型の他,平安時代の出土品を多数展示している。
- The Kyoto City Heiankyo Sosei-Kan Museum exhibits the reconstructed model of Heian-kyo (1/1000, Kyoiki/Oto/Kitayama areas), the reconstructed model of Buraku-den Hall (1/20), the reconstructed model of the Shibi at Buraku-den Hall (life size) and many other excavated articles from the Heian period.
- その主な活動はフェノロサによる古美術の鑑定や同時代作品の展覧会であったが、特に従来の画派の制約に縛られない制作を奨励し、その中で評価を高めたのが狩野芳崖と橋本雅邦であった。
- Its main activities were antique artwork appraisal by FENOLLOSA, holding exhibitions of contemporary works, and particularly encouraging artists to produce works free of restrictions of conventional schools of painting, and among the painters Hogai KANO and Gaho HASHIMOTO were highly evaluated.
- 宣命書は、「漢字万葉仮名交じり文」と言えるが、その万葉仮名を平仮名に変えると、「漢字仮名交じり文」とほぼ同じになり、これは日本語表記の展開史の上で注目すべき出来事であった。
- Senmyogaki can be called 'a composition written in kanji and manyogana,' but if the manyogana is changed to hiragana, it becomes almost the same as 'a composition written in kanji and kana,' which is a remarkable thing in the history of development of the Japanese orthography.
- 財団法人小倉百人一首文化財団(おぐらひゃくにんいっしゅぶんかざいだん)は、百人一首をテーマとして、京都文化や京都観光の発展に貢献するために京都商工会議所が設立した財団である。
- The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu Cultural Foundation was established by the Kyoto Chamber of Commerce and Industry under the theme of 'Hyakunin Isshu' (One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets) to contribute to the development of Kyoto Culture and Kyoto tourism.
- 武道(ぶどう)とは、伝統的な日本武術(古武道)から発展したもので、人を殺傷・制圧する技術に、その技を磨く稽古を通じて人格の完成をめざす、といった芸道の面が加わったものである。
- Budo has developed from a traditional Japanese martial art ('kobudo,' old budo), to which has been added the aspect of 'geido' (the way of artistic self-discipline), which aims for the perfection of character through practices to hone the skills, to the techniques to kill or conquer others.
- 博多織の発展と次世代職人の育成を目的とした特定非営利活動法人「博多織技能開発養成学校(博多織デベロップメントカレッジ)」が2006年4月に設立され、後身の育成が図られている。
- A specified nonprofit organization, 'Hakata-ori Development College' for development of Hakata-ori textile and training of next-generation craftsmen was established in April, 2006, which has fostered the younger generation.
- かつて韓国では、空手道を「コンスドー」(空手道)「タンスドー」(唐手道)と呼んでいたが、韓国流に変化・発展させ、新たな格闘技とし、蹴り技に特化をし、名称もテコンドーとなった。
- In South Korea, karatedo was once called konsudo or tansudo, but it developed into a new martial art called taekwondo, which, being arranged and improved in the Korean style, focuses on a kicking art.
- 江戸時代も中期に差し掛かると、世の中は平和になる一方で社会が発展するにつれて新たな社会問題も生じ、古い戦国期以来の法体系を継承した従来の幕藩法体系では対応出来なくなってきた。
- By mid-Edo period, while the world became peaceful and as society developed, new social issues emerged that could not be dealt with by the traditional shogunate system of law that succeeded the ancient system after the warring states period.
- 戦後、日本史研究の進展に伴い、律令支配を原則としていた奈良期-平安前期と、律令を必ずしも支配原則としなくなった平安中期・後期とを別個の時代ととらえる考えが主流を占めていった。
- With the study of Japanese history progressed after the War, the view which regards Nara/early Heian period, during which the Ritsuryo system was the basis of governance, and mid-Heian/late Heian period, during which the Ritsuryo system was not necessarily the basis of governance, as separate periods became dominant.
- この時期を同じくした新しい論に対しては多数の反論が展開され、1970年(?)12月から翌年1月にかけては毎日新聞紙上においてこの説を巡って4回にわたって議論が繰り広げられた。
- Many criticisms developed against these new theories published in the same period, and from December 1970 (?) to November of the following year, the discussions about the theories were held four times in Mainichi Newspapers.
- 19世紀を中心にヨーロッパで展開した精神運動である「ロマン主義」の影響を受け、大正時代の個人の解放や新しい時代への理想に満ちた風潮にかぶせて、このように呼ばれるようになった。
- The idealistic trend in hoping for a new era and the liberation of an individual, which were affected by the 'romanticism' of Europe around the 19th century, began to be referred to as 'Taisho Roman.'
- 遊牧民族の彼らは牧草を求め常に移動しならが生活、また屢々馬に跨がり他民族と闘っていたが、彼らのこういった生活文化の中で自然的必要性から騎射は開発・発展して来たものと考えられる。
- Since they were nomadic tribes, they moved around to live to look for good vegetation and also fought against other tribes on horseback, and it is presumed that Kisha was developed and improved through the manner of their lifestyle, as it was naturally necessary for them.
- したがって、これは鳩摩羅什が大智度論の「体・法(作)・力・因・縁・果(果・報)・性・限礙(相)・開通方便(本末究竟等)」などの九種法を変形展開し、十如是としたと推定されている。
- Therefore, it is assumed that Kumaraju converted the nine factors of the universe such as 'the embodiment, the dharma (function), the potency, the primary cause, the secondary cause, the effect (result and recompense), the nature, the hindrance (form) and expedient means to open a way through (complete fundamental whole)' into the junyoze.
- こうした歴史学の発展の一方で、歴史学と国家主義的な歴史観との衝突も発生していた(「神道は祭天の古俗」事件、南北朝時代 (日本)南北朝正閏論と後世への影響、天皇機関説事件など)。
- While history advanced in this way, collisions between history and nationalistic views of history occurred (for example, the incident of 'Shinto is a remnant of the ancient custom of worshiping heaven,' Nanbokucho-Seijunron (an argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), and the incident of the emperor-as-organ theory).
- 足利政権では将軍尊氏や足利家執事の高師直と実質的政務を任された尊氏実弟の足利直義が対立し、やがて全国的な争乱に発展する観応の擾乱が起こり、これを契機に南朝は再び勢力を回復する。
- The Shogun Takauji and the Ashikaga family chamberlain KO no Moronao became antagonized by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who was in charge of the actual governance, leading to the Kanno Disturbance where a nation-wide battle broke out and due to this incident, the Southern Court regained its power.
- 鎌倉時代末期には一族で争いが起こり、正中 (元号)2年(1325年)に北条高時が蝦夷管領を安藤季長から従兄弟である安藤季久に代えると、争乱は幕府への反乱に発展する(蝦夷大乱)。
- In the late Kamakura period, the clan had an internal conflict, and after Takatoki HOJO replaced Suenaga ANDO by Suenaga's cousin Suehisa ANDO as Ezo kanrei in 1325, the conflict resulted in a rebellion against the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun, in this case the Kamakura bakufu) (Ezo War).
- いっぽう、庶民の社会的地位が高まり、商工業の発展にともなって町衆や農民が文化の担い手として登場したことから、文化の面でも幅広い交流がすすみ、庶民性や地方的特色がいっそう強まった。
- Meanwhile, as the social status of the common people rose with the development of commerce and industry, the merchant class and peasants emerged as supporters of culture; the broad cultural interaction was encouraged, and local or plebeian characteristics of culture were enhanced.
- また、近年では、過疎化などの進展で地域だけで葬儀が遂行できないこと、逆に都市化やライフスタイルの変化、葬儀のあり方の多様化などにより、「葬式仏教すら成り立たない」寺院も存在する。
- In addition, recently there are some temples 'cannot keep even Soshiki-Bukkyo' due to various problems; some under-populated areas are not able to hold funerals on their own; on the contrary, some areas suffers from the urbanization; there are also the problems that temples cannot react to the changes of styles of living nor to the diversification of funeral.
- 貪欲な受領とされることの多い藤原元命だが、当時、花山天皇が即位直後に地方税制の改革など積極的な政策展開を行っており、元命はこの花山新制の方針を遵守したに過ぎないとする見方もある。
- Although FUJIWARA no Motonaga had been often regarded as a greedy Zuryo, some suggest that Motonaga only observed strictly the policy of Kazan shinsei (new laws issued by Emperor Kazan) under the new local tax system Emperor Kazan actively introduced immediately after his enthronement.
- 当初は、荒廃田を再開させた開発者には、期限つきで耕作権が認められるに過ぎなかったが、平安時代初期には終身の権利に発展したため、富豪農民(田堵)・郡司級土豪は積極的に開発を行った。
- An award given to developers who resumed ruined fields was at first nothing but the right to cultivate the land on a temporary basis, but eventually evolved into permanent rights in the early Heian period, which greatly motivated Tato (wealthy cultivators) and powerful local clans at Gunji (magistrates) level to cultivate fields.
- 江戸時代末に農閑期を利用して大和国へ出稼ぎに行った農民が帰りに奈良県で筆や墨を仕入れ、行商するとともに自ら製造し販売したことが始まりと言われ、広島藩の生産奨励も手伝って発展した。
- The origin of the Kumano-fude is said to be that, at the end of the Edo period, farmers who worked as seasonal migrant workers in Yamato Province during the agricultural off-season purchased writing brushes and ink in Nara Prefecture on the way back home and then peddled them, as well as produced them on their own to sell, and later its manufacturing developed with the help of incentives for industry from Hiroshima Domain.
- これを受けてワイナリーと称する専業生産者も本腰をいれるようになり、欧州本場に倣った垣根式の栽培法を取り入れ、害虫に強いヨーロッパ系新種のワイン用に特化したブドウ栽培を展開し始めた。
- As a result, specialist manufacturers called wineries became serious about winemaking, and introduced cultivation method emulating European hedging styles, and began to develop specially cultivated insect resistant grape varieties from European strains.
- 美男の広告代理店社員や公募された一般の消費者等による「フーフー、ジュルジュル、ハフハフ、モシャモシャ」と音を強調したシリーズをテレビ放送放映、ラジオ放送でも音のみの広告を展開した。
- In TV commercials, good-looking male employees of an advertisement agency or some consumers selected from applicants among ordinary people played roles eating chazuke with the emphasized sounds like 'hu-hu, jul-jul, haf-haf, mosha-mosha,' and the commercials were also aired on the radio.
- ボストン美術館のスポルディングコレクション(約6500点)も、「展示の厳禁」を条件に寄贈したスポルディング兄弟の意思を汲み、原則的には非公開である(デジタル画像による閲覧は可能)。
- The Spaulding Collection (approximately 6,500 items) of Boston's Museum of Fine Arts remains private in principle, respecting the intent of the Spaulding brothers, who donated their collection on the condition of 'no exhibition permitted' (viewing digital images is possible).
- この事もあり、上述されている通り両国界隈および相撲開催のある土地がちゃんこ料理屋の中心地とも言える場所となっているが、昭和後期以降には広範囲にチェーン展開を行う企業も見られている。
- For that reason, as described above, places around Ryogoku and cities where sumo tournaments are held can be centers of chanko restaurants, and some companies have operated their chanko restaurant chains widely since the late Showa period.
- 1997年(平成9年)に東京駅近くにある大丸百貨店が父の日を前に「東京褌祭り」と称して派手な柄物の越中褌の大量展示販売を行ったことがあったが、定着することなく終わった過去があった。
- In 1997, the Daimaru department store which is near to Tokyo Station once carried out the large-scale exhibition and sale of showy patterned Ecchu fundoshi called 'Tokyo Fundoshi Matsuri' (Tokyo fundoshi festival) before Father's Day, but it ended as a past event without taking root.
- 軍都として順調に発展を遂げた舞鶴であったが、1923年(大正12年)2月のワシントン海軍軍縮条約締結に伴い、舞鶴鎮守府は海軍要港部に格下げされ、同時に海軍工廠も工作部に縮小された。
- Although Maizuru saw successful development as a military capital, according to the Washington Naval Treaty in February 1923, Maizuru Chinju-fu was scaled down to a Critical Naval Department with the Naval Arsenal also being reduced to a Naval Factory Department.
- またこれらの曲に八重崎検校らが箏のパートを付け、あるいは三味線の替手が付けられたり、段合わせや地合わせ、三曲合奏など、さまざまな合奏形態で演奏され、合奏音楽としての発展も著しかった。
- And kengyo YAEZAKI put the so (or koto) parts to these works or made kaede (accompanying melody) for shamisen and they were played in various ensembles such as danawase (type of ensemble method), jiawase (type of ensemble method), instrumental trio (shamisen (three-stringed Japanese guitar), so (thirteen-stringed Japanese zither), and shakuhachi (bamboo flute)) ensemble and so on and dramatically developed as ensemble music.
- また様々な竹と木材を張り合わせた積層弓は、日本の軽工業に欠かせない、ゼラチン(にかわ)の発展にも寄与し「にべ」(「にべもない」という語源になっている)と言う特殊な接着剤も生み出した。
- In addition, a laminated bow made by bonding various types of bamboo and wood together, has contributed the development of gelatin (glue) which is important for light industry in Japan, and has created a special bond called 'nibe' (drumfish, the origin of the word 'nibemonai' (flat refusal)).
- 戦国後期に「弓」が戦場の主戦力から後退するが、依然「弓射」は武士の表芸とされ武士の間での人気も高く、心身鍛練の道として泰平の江戸の世においても弓は引かれ弓術流派、射術は発展していく。
- The 'Bow and arrow' retired from the status of major weapon in battlefields in the latter part of the Sengoku Period, but 'Yumiire' remained popular as a profession among Samurai so, that drawing a bow was considered to be a discipline of mind and body even during the peaceful Edo Period and various schools of Kyujutsu and ways of shooting developed.
- 新潟市では芸妓と料理がセットになったプランを提供する料理屋もあるが、これもマンネリ化により定員数の集客が出来なかったり、料理屋側が花代を一部負担するなどという事態にまで発展している。
- There are some traditional Japanese restaurants that offer inclusive plans covering geigi and food in Niigata City but as users have grown bored with it, it developed into a situation where they cannot collect enough customers or the restaurant has to absorb part of Hana-dai.
- 平安貴族という明確な実態があったわけではないが、平安中期-後期にかけて貴族層による政治的・社会経済的・文化的支配が展開したため、同時期の貴族を表すための用語として使われることが多い。
- Although there was no clear and actual condition of the Heian nobles, since the political, socioeconomic, cultural domination by the nobility was achieved from the mid to late Heian Period, this term is often used to refer to the nobles in this period.
- 髙橋昌明は、1975年の『伊勢平氏の成立と展開』において、彼らが公的には諸衛府の官人、私的には高貴な貴族の「侍」、世間的には一種の傭兵隊長であったことを、資料に基づき詳細に明にした。
- 'The Establishment and Development of the Ise Taira Clan' (Taira Clan at Ise Province) published in 1975 by Masaaki TAKAHASHI who wrote in detail that they were low to middle class officials of hoefu (a collective name of soldiers in the Imperial Guard) in public, and were private 'samurai' of high class aristocrats and were a type of captain of mercenaries.
- この事件と同じ1951年、同学会を中心に京大生が企画・開催した「綜合原爆展 (京大)」は盛況を呼び、京都市民から好意的に迎えられていた(「質問状」でも天皇の原爆展参観を要望している)。
- In 1951, the same year as this incident, students of Kyoto university with the Dogakukai in the center held 'The synthetic exhibition of the A-bomb (Kyoto University),' and it attracted many people and was favorably received by the citizens of Kyoto (in the open letter, they asked the Emperor to visit the A-bomb exhibition).
- この屯倉がある程度発達・広域展開した段階で、屯倉を拠点として、直接的に地方を把握・管轄した単位が県(コホリ)であり、のちに律令制における郡(コホリ)へと発展していったと考えられている。
- When these miyake developed and expanded to a certain size, they became the bases of kohori (written as 県 in Chinese characters), which was a unit that the central government directly administered and controlled in local areas, and it is believed that they later developed into the kohori (written as 郡) of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 柔道や合気道は、時代が進んでその名が広まるにつれ、これらの名称に「柔術」の語が含まれていない事から、これらが柔術のひとつであるという認識は希薄になり、また、武道としての発展の道へ進んだ。
- Judo (the traditional Japanese martial art mainly used for self-defense) and aikido (the traditional Japanese martial art exclusively used for self-defense) both originated from jujutsu, but as times went by and these arts became famous, people's recognition of the origin began to fade away partly because they do not have 'jujutsu' in their names, and they developed as the independent martial art.
- また、ウィリアム・ギルバート (劇作家)とアーサー・サリヴァンによる有名なオペレッタ『ミカド (オペレッタ)』は、ロンドンのナイツブリッジで行われた日本の展示会から着想を得たものである。
- Moreover, the famous operetta 'The Mikado' by playwright William Gilbert and a composer Arthur Sullivan was inspired by an exhibition of Japanese art held at Knightsbridge in London.
- 受領は、大きな権限を背景として富豪層からの徴税によって巨富を蓄え、また恣意的な地方政治を展開したとされ、その現れが10世紀後期~11世紀中期に頻発した国司苛政上訴だったと考えられてきた。
- It is thought that Zuryo saved a large amount of money by collecting taxes from millionaires, due to their authority and developed arbitrary regional politics, leading to Kokushi kasei joso (appeals or armed struggles against Kokushi) which often happened from the end of the 10th century to the middle of the 11th century.
- 遠州流は武家茶道の代表とも言える流儀で、武野紹鴎・千利休と発展した質素で内省的な「わび」「さび」の茶道に、古田重然を経て小堀政一独特の美意識を加えた「綺麗さび」と呼ばれる茶風を特徴とする。
- Enshu school is a school of tea ceremony that can be said to represent the samurai tea ceremony; it features a style called 'kirei-sabi' (pure elegance), which is a synthesis of the austere and introspective way of tea incorporating 'wabi' (simplicity) and 'sabi' (elegance) developed by Joo TAKENO and SEN no Rikyu, and Masakazu KOBORI's original aesthetic sense, as influenced by Shigenari FURUTA.
- 一方遣戸は、外回りの隔て建具として使用され、妻戸を軽量化した発展的形態と考えられるが、開閉自在の遣戸の誕生は、湿度の高い日本の風土にとって不向きな塗り込めの土壁に代わる革新的建具であった。
- On the other hand, yarido were used as an external partition and seems to be the lightweight form developed from tsumado, and the openable and closable yarido was an innovative fitting as an alternative to the clay wall of plaster which was not adequate for the humid climate of Japan.
- 現在、東京・浅草寺門前「やげん堀」、京都・清水寺門前「七味家」、長野・善光寺門前「八幡屋礒五郎」などのオーソドックスなもののほか、新潟・上越のかんずりなど七味から発展した調味料も存在する。
- Standard types of shichimi togarashi brands include 'Yagen-bori' in front of the gate of Senso-ji Temple, 'Shichimi-ya' in front of the gate of Kiyomizu-dera Temple, and 'Yawataya Isogoro' in front of the gate of Zenko-ji Temple; there are also flavoring products developed from shichimi togarashi, such as Kanzuri of Joetsu City in Niigata Prefecture.
- 東北地方の「鷹使い」は生業鷹匠として発展したが、第二次世界大戦後の経済状況の変化で急速に衰亡し、現在では沓澤朝治(1896-1983)の下で1年間学んだ松原英俊1人が残っているにすぎない。
- The 'hawker' in the Tohoku Region developed as Takajo of a regular vocation, but declined rapidly because of the change in the economy after the World War II, so only Hidetoshi MATSUBARA, who learned from Asaji KUTSUZAWA (1896-1983) for a year, remains as a present day hawker.
- この期間の政治体制は、中央政権たる室町幕府が上位に立ち、地域権力たる守護大名が幕府の監督下にありつつも、両者が相互補完的に政治的経済的支配を展開する室町幕府-守護体制として理解されている。
- The Muromachi bakufu, as the central administrative authority, enjoyed a preeminent position above everyone else, but the political system during the period was characterized more by the shugo daimyo, somewhat analogous to feudal barons in their control over their respective provincial areas, and though they were nominally under the direction of the bakufu, in practice the bakufu and the system of daimyo can be understood to have ruled jointly, with each mutually complementing the other in exercising and developing political and economic control.
- しかし、翌6月11日 (旧暦)に麻田が「士道不覚悟」として藩により切腹させられたことにより、若い土佐藩士たちが「片手落ち」だと激昂し、会津・土佐の関係に亀裂が入りかねない事態へと発展した。
- On June 11 (old calendar), however, ASADA was forced to commit seppuku by the Tosa clan for Shido-fukakugo (disobeying Bushido (the code of the samurai)), which infuriated young retainers of Tosa clan who clamored that the punishment was 'unfair,' their dissent was serious enough to harm the relationship between the Aizu clan and the Tosa clan.
- 元来は務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味しており、『続日本紀』に事例を見出せるが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理とこれに付随する権利・義務を表すようになった。
- It originally meant job and duty as the Chinese character 所務 literally means (where a person works), an example of which was shown in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued); and in the Heian period, as shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) developed, it came to mean the management of private estates and public lands and rights and obligations involved.
- 小堀遠州流を伝える分家は遠州が家督を継ぐ時に弟小堀正行に分知したのが始まりで、6代政郷までは遠州傍系であったが、7代政報・8代政展は本家から迎えた養子であり、以来血脈としては遠州直系となる。
- The branch of the family that passed on the Kobori Enshu school of tea ceremony originated with Enshu's younger brother Masayuki KOBORI when Masayuki succeeded to the family estate, and while the generations up to the sixth master, Masasato KOBORI, were a collateral line of descent, the seventh master, Masatsugu KOBORI, and the eighth master, Masayasu KOBORI, were adopted from the original family; thereafter, the line of descent has continued directly from Enshu.
- 軍港の街として発展した舞鶴市が、旧日本海軍が利用していた舞鶴赤レンガ倉庫群を活用したイベントで、舞鶴が発祥といわれる肉じゃがや海軍料理などのグルメコーナーや日本海でとれた魚介類などの物産展。
- Maizuru City developed as a naval port town and this festival is an event that uses the Maizuru Aka-renga Soko-gun (red-brick warehouses of Maizuru) that the Imperial Japanese Navy was using: the gourmet corner displays Nikujaga (simmered meat and potatoes) and naval dishes; the local product exhibition introduces seafood taken from the Japan Sea and other local production.
- このような画面形式では、天地の高さには限界があるが、画面の水平方向の長さには制約がなく、物語の展開などを長大な画面に劇的に表現することが可能であり、そこに時間的な推移を盛り込むこともできる。
- With this style of emakimono pictures, the vertical length of a picture is limited but its horizontal length is not, which makes it possible to depict a drastic development of any long story on a long space of paper and also to show there the passage of time.
- 司馬懿の提言で、長期にわたる抗争を繰り広げていた呉 (三国)・蜀それぞれの国境付近(淮河流域、関中)でも軍屯が展開され、これにより安定した食糧供給を維持した魏は、両国との争いを有利に進めた。
- With the suggestion of Sima Yi, Gunton were developed near the borders with the Go (Three States Period) (area along the Huai River) and Shu (Guanzhong), countries that they had long been in battle with, and Wei was able to have a stable supply of provisions, which was advantageous in fighting these two countries.
- 荘園内での開発が進展するにともない、不輸の範囲や対象をめぐる開発領主と国司の対立がはげしくなると、荘園領主の権威を利用して国司の使者の立ち入りを認めない不入の権 (日本)を得る荘園が増えた。
- With the progress of developments in shoen, conflict between kaihatsu-ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) and kokushi intensified over the scope and the target of Fuyu (tax exemption), and more and more shoen acquired Funyu no ken (the right to keep the tax agents from entering their property) so they could take advantage of refusing the entry by kokushi's envoy.
- 話は大きく分けて、伊豆大島に流罪になった為朝の活躍をほぼ史実に添って書いた前篇、琉球に渡った為朝による琉球王国再建を書いた後篇があり、特に後篇のスケールの大きさと破天荒な展開が好評を博した。
- The story was divided into the prequel that depicted the deeds of Tametomo exiled to Izu-oshima Island almost according to the truth and the reconstruction of Ryukyu Kingdom by Tametomo that travelled there in sequel that vastness and unexpected development especially in later volumes brought popularity to the later edition.
- これによって、それまで一部のごく限られた愛飲家だけに楽しまれていた吟醸酒が、市販流通に耐えうる量を生産できる展望が開かれたが、昭和12年(1937年)日中戦争の勃発によって頓挫した形となった。
- This made it possible to produce ginjoshu, which had been enjoyed only by limited drinkers, enough for market distribution, but it was interrupted by the outbreak of the China-Japan War in 1937.
- 結果的に延喜の治は律令制復活の最後の試みとなり、次代の朱雀天皇および藤原忠平の治世から、律令制支配は完全に放棄されることとなり、新たな支配体制王朝国家体制の構築・充実が進展していったのである。
- As the result, Engi no chi was the last trial conducted to bring back the Ritsuryo system, and this ruling system was completely abandoned during the reign of the next emperor, Emperor Suzaku, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira and the establishment and reinforcement of a new system, i.e. the Imperial Court, state was starting to develop.
- 弓矢の構造や効果(飛翔性)は、力学や放物線(微分・積分)という概念がない頃から世界各地おいて、それらについて試行錯誤されてきた道具であり、初期の機械工学の発展の要因(機械弓、カタパルト)である。
- The structure and effect (flying capability) of Yumiya has been developed by trial and error in various parts of the world since the period when the idea of dynamics and parabola (differential and integral calculus) were not created, which led to the development of early machine engineering by producing the machine bow and the catapult.
- 1993年、東京国立博物館は大和絵の代表作を集めた特別展を開催したが、同館は展覧会の名称を「やまと絵 雅(みやび)の系譜」とし、「やまと絵」とは「王朝美術の流れを引くもの」であると規定していた。
- In 1993 the Tokyo National Museum held a special exhibition of representative Yamato-e works titled 'Yamato-e, Miyabi no keifu (Japanese style paintings, genealogy of refinement),' and it defined the term 'Yamato-e' as the 'paintings originated from dynastic arts.'
- 植治とともに扇湖山荘を手がけた大江新太郎は1924年『アルス建築大講座』に掲載された「作庭意匠」と題する論考でほかの建築家の視点、庭園鑑賞に関してではない、庭園設計にいたる方法論を展開している。
- Shintaro Oe who landscaped Senko villa with ueji, presented the idea that methodology leads to the design of gardens, which is not a view point of other gardeners nor a way to appreciate gardens, a discussion titled 'The Designs of Landscape Gardening' in Ars Complete Lectures of Architecture published in 1924.
- 弟子の王畿はこれを発展させて心・意・知・物すべて無善無悪だとする四無説を主張したが、同門の銭徳洪は意・知・物については「善を為し悪を去る」自己修養が必要とした四有説を主張してこれに反対している。
- His disciple, O Ki, evolved this to preach shimu-setsu (four containing no-evil theory), which viewed the mind, wish, wisdom, and things as all being no good, no evil, but his colleague, Sen Tokuko, opposed this, advocating shiyu-setsu (four containing evil theory), which viewed that wish, wisdom, and things required self-training to 'be good and fight off evil.'
- しかし、今日のボードゲームやテレビゲームの中にさいころ(あるいは代用品としてルーレット)を用いてゲームを進行させる作品が多く存在しており、これらを双六の進化・発展した姿であると考える事も出来る。
- Still nowadays, there are many games, such as board games and video games that use dices (or a roulette, in place of dices) and they can be regarded as improved and evolved forms of the Sugoroku game.
- しかし、相撲の司家としての五条家の名声は、熊本藩主・細川氏の家臣である13代吉田司家当主吉田追風が積極的な相撲興行を展開し、江戸相撲において横綱免許を発給するようになってから失墜することとなる。
- However, the Gojo family's prestige as Sumai no Tsukasa family became tarnished when a vassal of the Lord of the Kumamoto Domain Hosokawa Clan, Oikaze YOSHIDA, the thirteenth head of the Yoshida Tsukasa family, actively organized professional sumo performances and issued yokozuna licenses in Edo zumo (Edo sumo wrestling).
- しかし地歌や浄瑠璃などの三味線音楽や箏曲の発展と共に次第に下火となり、波多野流は断絶、前田流は江戸時代中期に名古屋の荻野検校によって中興し、この流派のみがこんにちまで名古屋と仙台に伝えられている。
- However, they had gradually cooled down as Shamisen music and sokyoku (koto music) such as Jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) and Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) developed, and the Hatano-ryu was put to an end while the Maeda-ryu was restored by Kengyo OGINO in Nagoya in the middle of the Edo period, and only this school has been handed down to the present in Nagoya and Sendai.
- 米国テコンドー発展に大きな貢献をしたATAの故イ・ヘンウン会長も、自身がはじめて米国に行ったとき「コリアン カラテ」として自身の武術を紹介して教え、実際テコンドーとカラテの差はなかったと証言した。
- The late Haeng Ung Lee of the ATA (American Taekwondo Association), who greatly contributed to the development of taekwondo in the U.S., also stated that when he visited the U.S. for the first time he taught his martial art as 'Korean karate,' but there was no actual difference between karate and taekwondo.
- この一文は、武士論を正面から展開する中でのものではなく、南北朝時代に武士の家が敵味方に分裂したことに関連してサラッと書かれた一文なのだが、しかしその後の武士・武士団研究に大きなインパクトを与えた。
- This was not included within the main part of the developed samurai theory, but a lightly stated sentence related to how the bushi families split into enemies and allies during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) that left a great impact in later bushi and bushidan studies since that time.
- 会所(かいしょ)とは、文字通り解釈すれば、なんらかの会、催し物、寄合・会合が行われるところであるが、日本の中世期に発展して、ある特定の区画、さらには独立した建物が「会所」と名づけられることもあった。
- Kaisho, interpreted literally, was some sort of place where a meeting, exhibition, Yoriai (debate), or association was held, but developed in the medieval era in Japan where certain divisions, or even independent buildings were named 'kaisho.'
- フランク王国(カロリング朝)の時代から奢侈禁止令が見られるが、本格的に奢侈禁止令が出されるようになるのは、十字軍以後の商業の急激な発展と都市生活の高度化に対する教会及び国家の警戒によるものであった。
- Sumptuary laws existed from the time of the Frankish kingdom (the Carolingians), and after the Crusades full-scale laws started to be issued because the church and states were alerted to the rapid development of trade and advancement of urban life.
- メジャーな酒屋と違って、マイナーではあるが独自の投資経営技術で関東から東北にかけて幅広く小さな酒蔵や造り酒屋をたくさん展開した、近江商人の江州蔵(ごうしゅうぐら)という酒屋の形態も忘れてはならない。
- The sakaya style called Goshugura described in the following should be also remembered: Being minor unlike the sakaya that was major, Omi shonin (merchants in the Omi Province) deployed many small-sized sake-factories and tsukuri-zakaya throughout the Kanto to Tohoku regions using their own business management technology.
- 前時代までの刀剣が、中国や朝鮮半島からの伝来品か、それらを模して国内で作られたものが多かったのに比べ、平安時代に入ると国風文化の進展に伴い、伝来品を下敷きとしつつも我国独自の様式が形作られていった。
- Whereas most of the swords before the Heian period were either imported from China or the Korean Peninsula, or modeled after them and domestically produced, swords in the Heian period and after saw development of styles original to Japan deriving from those imports.
- 20世紀後半以降の研究の進展により、狩野家は下野国足利(栃木県足利市)の長尾氏と何らかの関係があったものと推定されており、足利市の長林寺に残る墨画の『観瀑図』は正信の比較的初期の作品と考えられている。
- Due to the progress of study after the late twentieth century, it is speculated that the Kano family was somehow related to the Nagao clan in Ashikaga, Shimotsuke Province (Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture); and 'Waterfall,' an ink painting that remains at Chorin-ji Temple in Ashikaga City, is considered a relatively early work by Masanobu.
- 少なくとも数億枚は発行が確認されている銭が、いくら経済発展があるとはいえなかなか回収できず、品位を下げざるをえなかったのは、破銭(銭を溶かして銅地金として利用する行為)が広く行われたためと理解される。
- It is now understood that, no matter how the economy had developed at that time, people then carried out extensively the hasen (to melt coins to use as a raw material) so that at least a few thousand million pieces of issued coins could hardly be retrieved and the remaining coins were compelled to degraded values.
- 慶安ごろまでは比較的広い範囲で活字印刷がおこなわれたが、再版の際に活字を組みなおす手間が出版費を高騰させるなど、発展しつつあった出版産業のなかでしだいにその地位を失い、通常の整版本に座を譲っていった。
- Until around the Keian era, type printing had been rather widespread, but because the cost of publication increased due to the labor of setting up type for reprinting, typography gradually lost its position in the developing publishing industry and gave place to ordinary wood-block printing.
- 摂関政治や院政などの新しい政治形態の出現、班田制の衰退と荘園の発展、律令法的身分秩序の解体などにみられる各種の歴史上の変化によって、律令法に基づく新しい慣習法が律令法の各分野で形成されてきた結果である。
- This is a result of new common laws being formed in various areas of ritsuryo law, due to a variety of historical changes such as the emergence of new political formats like sekkan seiji (politics of regents and advisers) and insei (rule by a retired Emperor), decline of ancient farmland allotment and accepting system and development of manors, and dismantling of the class system under ritsuryo law.
- 今日の多く個人主義の日に発達し、ニヒリストさへ輩出する時代に於ては特に緊要重大にして欠くべからず」という論が出され、これを機に南北朝のどちらの皇統が正統であるかを巡り帝国議会での政治論争にまで発展した。
- In these days of individualism, where even nihilists are appearing, this is a matter of great urgency and importance,' which led to a political debate in the Imperial Diet about whether the Southern or the Northern Court was legitimate.
- 大和絵の手法によって描かれた絵と詞書とを交互につらね、異時同図法によってあたかも映画を見るようにつぎつぎに展開する画面の連続は、世界の絵画史においても他にほとんど類例をみないきわめて日本的な形態である。
- Illustrations drawn in the method of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura periods dealing with Japanese themes) and Kotobagaki are alternately placed and each frame is advanced as if it was a movie, using the compositional method; a method to show successive events within a unified background, which is a typical Japanese style with hardly no real precedent in international painting history.
- 香道は、香木が推古天皇3年(595年)に淡路島に漂着してから、宗教的(主として仏教)に利用されてきた香木を、炷き、香りを聞いて鑑賞するものとして利用するようになり、結果として日本独自の芸道として発展した。
- Koboku originally used in religion (mainly Buddhism) was introduced to Awaji Island in 595 and was used to appreciate incense by listening to as it burns, and as a result, incense burning developed as unique Japanese Geido.
- 国衙の目代と現地の寺社が、寺領荘園の所務を巡り紛争を起こすことは各地で頻発していたが、この事件では白山が山門の末寺で、国司が院近臣・西光の子であることから、中央に波及して山門と院勢力の全面衝突に発展した。
- It was common for the Mokudai of the governor's office and temples/shrines at the province to fight over various aspects regarding shoen (private estates) owned by temples, but this incident sent ripples into the central government and caused a full confrontation between the Sanmon and the cloistered government group because Hakusan was a branch temple of the Sanmon and the governor was a child of Saiko, a close aide of the cloistered government.
- 実際には、延喜・天暦期は律令制体制から王朝国家体制へ移行する過渡期に当たっており、様々な改革が展開した時期であり、それらの改革は天皇親政というよりも、徐々に形成しつつあった摂関政治によって支えられていた。
- Actually, the eras of Engi and Tenryaku fell upon the transitional period to the dynasty state from the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and the period when various reforms were carried out and these reforms were supported by not the direct rule by emperors but Sekkan governments which had been gradually formed.
- 古代の壁画は、遺跡や墳墓の発掘調査の進展と共に多く見つかるようになっているが、長年外気や湿気に触れなかった繊細な壁画はカビや光で痛む可能性があるため、どのように保護し、また観覧に供するかは今後の課題である。
- More ancient wall paintings have been discovered as methods or techniques available to unearth ruins and tombs have become advanced, but it is a future issue as to how to protect the delicate wall paintings not exposed to outside air or humidity for a long time, from deterioration caused by molds and light and how to present them for public view.
- 沖縄では、大正13年(1924年)、「唐手研究倶楽部」が設立され、大正15年(1926年)には「沖縄唐手倶楽部」へと発展しながら、在沖縄の唐手の大家が一堂に会して、唐手の技術交流と共同研究の試みが行われた。
- In Okinawa, the Karate Study Club was set up in 1924 and developed into the Okinawa Karate Club in 1926, whereby karate grand masters in Okinawa gathered together to promote the exchange of karate techniques and carry out collaborative research on karate on a trial basis.
- 昭和になるまで和太鼓はそれを主体とする音楽に発展することはなかったが、太鼓奏者の小口大八は、胴の長さや直径等の違いで音が違ってくることを利用し、これを組み合わせることによって太鼓をひとつの音楽に仕立て上げた。
- Although the Japanese drum did not develop into music with itself being the main constituent until the start of Showa Period, drum player Daihachi OGUCHI made use of the fact that the sound differs in accordance with the length of the trunk, the diameter of the skin surface and the combination of both, to tailor the Japanese drum in order to perform a piece of music.
- それらが大阪にも伝わり、コンニャクや豆の具を入れしょう油味で食べる「ベタ焼」「チョボ焼」が誕生し、それが各種鉄板料理へと派生、関西地方や広島県において現在「お好み焼き」と呼ばれるスタイルに発展したといわれる。
- They were introduced to Osaka and 'beta-yaki' (Japanese pancake) or 'chobo-yaki' (Japanese pancake) was born, that used konjac or beans as ingredients and were eaten in soy sauce, and they developed into various kinds of foods grilled on an iron plate, and in the Kansai region and Hiroshima prefecture the current 'okonomiyaki' style is said to have been established.
- だが中国の銅の生産能力は決して高いとは言えない上に、経済の急速な発展から銅銭の需要が銅銭発行量を上回るペースで高まったために、結果的には市中に流通する銅銭が慢性的に不足すると言う銭荒現象が生じるようになった。
- However, since Chinese copper production capacity was not high enough and a demand for copper coins increased at a pace surpassing the amount of copper coins issued due to rapid economic development, a phenomenon called senko that the quantity of circulating copper coins was chronically short occurred.
- こうした状況下で、朝廷は実情に適合した国政改革を進めていき(改革が最も進展したのは900年前後の寛平・延喜期)、地方行政の分野では、国司筆頭官(受領)に対して租税収取権・軍事権などの大幅な権限委譲が行われた。
- Under such a situation, the imperial court practically advanced national administration reform (the reform culminated during the Kanpyo and the Engi period around 900) and authority such as the right of tax collection, military affairs and so on were widely transferred to the leaders of kokushi (zuryo) in the local administration.
- 室町時代には朝倉敏景(英林孝景)が守護代甲斐常治とともに主である斯波義敏と対立し、足利将軍家の家督争いなどから発展した応仁の乱では山名持豊(宗全)率いる西軍から細川勝元率いる東軍に属し、越前から甲斐氏を追う。
- During the Muromachi period, Toshikage ASAKURA (Eirin Takakage) came to oppose his lord Yoshitoshi SHIBA with Tsuneharu KAI, and in the Onin War, which broke out from the internal squabble of the Ashikaga Shogun family over the family reign, he switched from the West army lead by Mochitoyo YAMANA (Sozen) to the East army lead by Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and he expelled the Kai clan from Echizen Province.
- インドからイギリスを経由して日本で広く定着したカレーライスであるが、最近ではカレーライスに様々なフライ (料理)等の別の料理を載せて供するという、他国ではあまり見られない日本独自の食文化としての発展が見られる。
- Although the curry and rice has become widely established in Japan since its arrival from India via the United Kingdom, recently a new food culture has developed, in which the curry and rice is served with other dishes such as various fried food; this culture is uncommon in other countries and is unique to Japan.
- 現在、直営店は、南インター店、亀岡店の2店のみで、本店、城陽寺田店は直営ブランドの独立採算店、それ以外はFC店である(その他、「第一旭」とは別に、「たかばし」というブランドも有しており、直営で別展開している)。
- At this moment, only the South-Interchange store and Kameoka store are directly-managed stores, the main store and Joyo-terada store are financially independent stores of a directly-managed brand, while others are franchise stores (besides 'Daiichi-Asahi,' another brand called 'Takabashi' is also owned, and directly managed separately).
- 近代になり西洋近代歴史学が導入されるとマルクス主義史観に代表される発展段階史観の概念に基づいた過去の日本の歴史の分析が行われるようになり、歴史的百姓身分を封建制段階における農奴身分と規定することが通説となった。
- In the modern times when western modern history was introduced, analysis of Japanese history based on the idea of the evolution phase concept of history, exemplified by Marxist history, was carried out, and it became a common theory that the historical hyakusho rank was defined as a serfdom in the feudalism phase.
- 7世紀~8世紀ころには山陰道各国府を結ぶ山陰道が設けられ、また現在の京都市右京区の京北地域にあたる弓削郷・山国郷などの木材が桂川に乗って京都へ運ばれるようになると、亀岡周辺は保津峡直前の船待ち場として発展した。
- The area around Kameoka prospered as a port right before Hozu-kyo Gorge when the Sanin-do Road to connect provincial capitals in Sanin-do was built in around the seventh to eighth century, and wood in Yuge-go and Yamaguni-go (the present Keihoku area in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City) was sent to Kyoto via the Katsura-gawa River.
- この平安朝古筆を同筆・同系統で分類すると、「発展期の古筆」(男性的書風)、「完成期の古筆」(古典主義的書風)、「爛熟期の古筆」(ロマン主義的書風)、「移行期の古筆」(個性的書風と直截的書風)に分けることができる。
- Heian court ancient calligraphy is divided, based on style on lineage, into the 'developmental period' (masculine style calligraphy), the 'complete period'' (classic style calligraphy), the 'mature period' (romantic style calligraphy), and the 'transitional period' (individual style and straightforward style calligraphy).
- 堂射は高さ・幅に制限のある長い軒下(三十三間堂は高さ約5.5m、幅約2.5m、距離約120m)を射通す競技で、低い弾道で長距離矢を飛ばし、さらに決められた時間内で射通した矢数を競うため、独自の技術的発展を遂げた。
- Dosha is the game of shooting at Nokishita (a space under the eaves) with limited height and width (at Sanjusangendo, it is about 5.5m high, 2.5m wide and 120m long), and the technique has been developed independently because of the need for an arrow to fly a long distance over a low path, and also for a number of arrows to hit a target within a certain time limit, is contested,
- ブームのピーク時には芋焼酎の原料となるサツマイモが市場に不足する深刻な問題が起きたほか、一部銘柄ではプレミアがつき、一本数万円などという値段が付けられるようになり、森伊蔵については偽物が出回る事件にまで発展した。
- At the peak of the boom, it caused a serious lack of sweet potatoes from which sweet potato shochu was made, in the market and also because some brands labeled premium and priced at tens of thousands of yen per bottle, counterfeit Moriizo appeared on the market.
- 一方で、古来から続く弓道、弓術流派は自身の発展の土台(「騎射」「歩射」「堂射」の内のどれか)を重要視、または流祖の教え、古流の保存など、それぞれの目的に合わせ一貫した技術・教えにより古来からの伝統を受け継いでいる。
- Meanwhile, the Kyudo and Kyujutsu schools continuing from ancient times either value the foundation (either Kisha, Busha or Dosha) of their development or assume the ancient tradition through consistent techniques and teachings that meet the different purposes by preserving the teachings of the ryuso (a founder of a school, an originator), traditional schools, etc.
- 2004年に東京国立近代美術館で開催された「琳派 RIMPA」展では、明治以降の日本画の作品(菱田春草、横山大観など)のほか、グスタフ・クリムトやアンディー・ウォーホルの作品にも「琳派的なもの」が見られるとされた。
- At the 'RIMPA' Exhibit held at the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo in 2004, it was said that the 'Rinpa influence' was detected in the works of Gustav Klimt and Andy Warhol in addition to some Japanese-style paintings (by various artists including Shunso HISHIDA and Taikan YOKOYAMA) after the Meiji period.
- つくば科学万博においてポルトガル館で展示された「スリランカの火縄銃」は、日本製の銃に現地好みの木象嵌を銃床に施した「輸出仕様の堺筒」であるとの見方が日本の古銃研究家の間から出されており、この説を裏付ける資料とされる。
- Japanese old gun researchers say that 'matchlock guns in Sri Lanka' exhibited in the Portugal Pavilion of Tsukuba EXPO was 'Sakai tsutsu (hinawaju made in Sakai) for export' which was a Japanese gun that had a gunstock decorated with marquetry, the locals' favorite, which is considered as historical material supporting the theory.
- 1867年のパリ万国博覧会 (1867年)は日本(江戸幕府・薩摩藩・佐賀藩)が初参加した国際博覧会であったが、このときに日本庭園が制作されて以来、欧米で開催された万博において日本庭園は日本の出展物の目玉の一つであった。
- The Paris World Exposition held in 1867 was the first international exposition where Japanese delegations were dispatched (Tokugawa shogunate, Satsuma clan, and Saga clan), and since a Nihon teien was produced for the first time outside Japan in this expo, Nihon teien has been one of the eye-catchers among the exhibits.
- 武士は当初、「侍」に象徴されるように天皇・貴族の警護や紛争の鎮圧を任とする階層であったが、平清盛の平氏政権を経て鎌倉幕府の成立に至り、旧来の支配権力である朝廷・国司・荘園に対して全国の軍事・警察を担う公権力に発展した。
- Bushi were firstly in the class which guarded the Emperor and aristocrats and suppressed the conflicts as symbolized in 'samurai,' but when the Kamakura bakufu was established through the Taira clan government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, bushi developed into the official authority which were in charge of military affairs and police activities against the Imperial Court, kokushi (provincial governors) and shoen which were traditionally ruling powers.
- 応保2年(1162年)、後白河が日宋貿易の発展を目論んで摂津の大輪田泊を修築した際、清盛は隣接地の福原に日宋貿易の拠点として山荘を築いているが、このことは、後白河と清盛が共同して日宋貿易に取り組んでいたことを示している。
- In 1162, Goshirakawa renovated Owada no tomari in Settsu with an eye on developing trade between Japan and Song, and Kiyomori built a mountain residence in the neighboring Fukuhara as a base for Japan-Song trade, showing that Goshirakwa and Kiyomori worked together to develop Japan-Song trade.
- 五代には貴族層が没落し、宋 (王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。
- During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families.
- 所務とは、元来、務めるところという字義どおり仕事・職務を意味する言葉だったが、平安時代の荘園公領制の展開に伴い、荘園や公領の管理職務に付随する権利・義務を表すようになり、鎌倉時代頃には転じて所領等の不動産管理を意味した。
- Originally, the word 'shomu' meant jobs and duties, as suggested by the characters which mean 'work that is related to the place'; however, with the development of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) during the Heian period, the word came to express the concept for the rights and obligations pertaining to the managerial work in shoen (manors) and koryo (the imperial teritories), and further during the Kamakura period, the word was extended to mean the property management of domains such as shoryo.
- さらに8月号では大野晋が「上代日本語の母音体系」で両論を紹介し、持論を展開した他、11月号では松本が「万葉仮名のオ列甲乙について」で、12月には服部が「上代日本語の母音音素は六つであって八つではない」で互いに再反論した。
- Further, in the August issue Susumu ONO introduced both theories and presented his own view in 'Old Japanese Vowel System,' which was, in turn, countered by Matsumoto, in 'Concerning A-type and B-type Manyo-gana Characters with the Vowel of オ (o)' in the November issue, and by Hattori, saying 'Old Japanese Vowel Phonemes were Six, not Eight' in the December issue.
- しかし、昭和に入り、近親相姦のタブーが拡がったことや、第二次世界大戦後は、洋装化が進み、核家族化の進展と共に褌が廃れたことで、褌祝の祭事を行う地区は殆どなくなり、その内容も形式的に赤飯等を配るなどの内容となっているようだ。
- However, since the 1920's incest has increasingly been taboo and with WWII Westernization spread and loincloths largely died out as nuclear families gained ground and, as such, holding loincloth ceremonies largely died out in most regions whereby the sentiment is conveyed in form alone by serving rice with red beans it appears.
- 2日目は射法について審議されるが、「打起し(後述射法八節)」の審議に入るとそれぞれ自己の流派射法から「正面打起し」と「斜面打起し」を主張し合い、互いに譲らず喧々囂々白熱した議論へと発展、その日は議論の決着を見ずに終了した。
- The second day, shooting forms were discussed, but when 'Uchiokoshi (anchoring) (mentioned later in Shaho hassetsu)' was discussed they each advocated their own school's shooting forms, 'Shomen-uchiokoshi' or 'Shamen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in slanting position)' and would not give in, leading to a hot debate and ending the day without a conclusion.
- しかし明治27年に勃発した日清戦争を契機に大阪は「東洋のマンチェスター」と呼ばれる日本最大の商工業都市に発展し、神戸は東洋最大の港湾都市へ飛躍するなど、再び日本における文化・経済の中心地となった(阪神間モダニズムも参照)。
- However, through the Sino-Japanese War which broke out in 1894, Osaka developed into the largest industrial and commercial city in Japan, called the 'Manchester of the East,' while Kobe had rapidly progressed to become the largest port city in the East, causing the cities to once more be the center of culture and economy in Japan (also refer to the Hanshin-kan Modernism).
- 元々は南米に連れてこられた奴隷たちが、主人の目を盗んで、ばれないように陰に隠れて盗んだ魚介類をそのままライムや塩などをかけてガブついて腹に収めていた奴隷料理が起源と言われており、それが発展して現在の一般的な家庭料理になった。
- It is said that this dish originated with slaves that had been taken to South America--they would hide in the shadows so as not to be discovered and quickly eat their stolen fish with lime and salt--and their preparation method became common in households throughout the region.
- もともと豆漿は華北を中心に飲まれていたが、1955年に台湾台北県永和市で開店した豆漿店、「世界豆漿大王」(現、新世界豆漿大王)が人気を集め、各地でチェーン展開した事によって、中華文化圏を代表する軽食として知られるようになった。
- Originally, people in northern China used to drink Tochan, but when a tochan shop called 'World Tochan King' (presently New World Tochan King), opened in Eiwa City, Taipei Prefecture, Taiwan, in 1955, the shop became popular and opened chain stores in various locations, so it became known as a snack representing the Chinese cultural area.
- だが、欧米の研究家の間では、欧州の瞬発式火縄銃が日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、逆にオランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったものとする説が有力である。
- However, among European and US researchers one theory is dominant, which says that instantaneous discharge matchlocks in Europe were introduced into Japan and improved, Holland bought them from Japan and exported them to Southeast Asia and the Japanese model spread across Southeast Asia as an example.
- 加賀守・藤原師高の目代が白山の末寺を焼いたことが発端で、当初は目代と現地の寺社によるありふれた紛争にすぎなかったが、白山の本寺が延暦寺であり、師高の父が院近臣の西光だったため、中央に波及して延暦寺と院勢力との全面衝突に発展した。
- The beginning was an incident where Kaga no kami (the governer of Kaga Province) FUJIWARA no Morotaka burned a branch temple of Hakusan, and initially this was simply an ordinary conflict between the Mokudai (personal deputy of an absentee provincial governor) and the local temple, but the main temple of Hakusan was Enryaku-ji Temple and because Morotaka's father was the cloistered government aide Saiko, this led to a direct confrontation at the central government between the Enryaku-ji Temple and the cloistered government.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降、戦陣において歩射が一般化すると、戦国時代初期には歩射弓術を基礎とする日置流が発生し、矢を遠くへ飛ばす繰矢・尋矢(くりや、遠矢とも)、速射をする指矢(さしや、数矢とも)など様々な技法が発展した(五射参照)。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) when Busha was generalized in battle, the Heki school based on the Kyujutsu of Busha, was founded in early Sengoku Period and various techniques such as Kuriya (繰矢・尋矢, 遠矢) to release arrow from far away and Sashiya (指矢, 数矢) of Sokusha (quick shooting) were developed (see Gosha).
- いずれの説によっても朝廷財政の最大の負担者となった信長が朝廷の意思決定に介入しうる立場にあり、両者に軋轢があったことを認めている点にほぼ争いはなく、信長の行為と介入のどの要素を選択してどう評価するかにより、説の展開が異なっている。
- Regardless of difference between those views, there is hardly any dispute on the fact that Nobunaga who became the largest bearer of the finance of the Imperial Court was in a position to intervene the decision making of the Imperial Court and therefore there was a conflict between Nobunaga and the Imperial Courts and the difference between the views depends on which element of Nobunaga's act and intervention and how they evaluate it.
- 中世日本(平安時代後期から室町時代・戦国時代 (日本))において存在していた被差別民が、中世社会の中でいかなる存在であったかについては、1980年代以降、網野善彦らによって急速に研究が進展しており、いまだその評価は確定していない。
- Research about the state of discriminated people who existed during medieval Japan (in the era from the latter half of the Heian period to the Muromachi period and the Sengoku Period - period of warring states in Japan) has rapidly progressed since the 1980s through efforts by Yoshihiko AMINO and others, but an evaluation has not been established yet.
- ユガケは和弓の登場時から親指に弦を掛け弓を引く「蒙古式(右図Fig.3)」の取り掛けをする日本の射法に合わせて独自に発展した道具であり、時代毎の流派や射術、弓射のあり方の変遷に伴いユガケもその時代毎に改良が重ねられ、現在の形に至る。
- Yugake is the gear which uniquely developed with Japanese way of shooting that had applied the way of setting of 'Menggu' (Mongol) style (right figure. 3) where a bow was drawn with a thumb since Japanese bow appeared and improved repeatedly with the changes of schools in successive periods, shajutsu (technique to shoot a bow) or yumiire(or kyusha, ceremonial shooting) and have become a present form.
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- 歴史家アンリ・ピレンヌは、イスラム圏への征服活動が、ヨーロッパ中世経済の著しい農村化をもたらし、また多様な農奴階級が支える地域権力ヒエラルキーという伝統的な封建様式を引き起こしたとする説を展開している(ただし異論も少なからずある)。
- The historian Henri Pirenne presented the argument that the conquest activities of the Islamic world caused the significant villagization of the economy in medieval Europe and the traditional feudal system which was the local power hierarchy supported by the class of serfs (however, many people have different opinions).
- また、具材でも薩摩揚げのことを「はんぺん」と呼ぶことが一般的だったが、最近ではテレビメディアや全国展開するコンビニエンスストアなどの影響で、関東煮(かんとに)をおでんと言い換え、わずかながらも薩摩揚げとはんぺんを区別するようになった。
- Although Satsuma-age as an ingredient was generally called 'hanpen,' recent influences from TV and nation-wide convenience stores have caused differentiation between Satsuma-age and hanpen, though to a small extent, and the name 'Kanto ni' has been replaced with 'Oden.'
- 実際に国会質疑等でも取り上げられてはいるが、答弁はその場しのぎのごまかしを繰り返すばかりであり、大きな進展はない(こうしたことは林野庁の予算が少ないためであり、国が第一次産業を軽視しているのが根本的な原因との見方もないわけではない)。
- Diet discussions take place but lead only to repeated ad hoc piecemeal measures with no major progress made (there are those who consider the fundamental reasons of this to be the small budget allocated to the Forestry Agency and neglect of the nation's primary industry).
- これは他の分野でも同様の現象が起きており、やがて特定の博士家が博士の職を世襲するために、家説を秘伝化・神秘化しながらこれに権威性と絶対性を与えていくことによって、学術そのものを氏族内部のみで世襲化する「家学」へと発展させることとなる。
- The same phenomena took place in other fields, and in order to take up the position of hakase by heredityparticular hakase families developed the learning itself into 'kagaku' inherited within the clan by making their family's theory esoteric and mystified, and by giving it authority and unequivocalness.
- 学問の神として広く崇敬を受けていた天神様の菅原道真としての姿を見せたこと、また三つ子を貴族に仕える舎人として配置し庶民にも政治の混乱が及ぶ様を描いたこと、そして劇的な展開を備えた本作は大きな評判を呼び、義太夫狂言の人気を大いに高めた。
- This work and Gidayu Kyogen (Kabuki adaptations of puppet plays) received great popularity by showing the greatly worshipped academic god Tenjin in the form of SUGAWARA no Michizane, and having the story told from the point of view of a servant of a nobles with triplets to show the influence of political turmoil to the public, and having the theatrical like turn of events.
- 約800年前に中国原産の小ミカンが肥後国八代(現熊本県八代市)に伝わったのが元であり、それが紀州有田(現和歌山県有田郡)に移植され一大産業に発展したことから「紀州」の名が付けられたとの説の他、元々紀州有田に自生していたという説等がある。
- There are many assumptions about the origin that small citrus unshu of China was imported to Yatushiro, Higo Province (today's Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture) about 800 years ago and planted in Arida, Kishu (today's Arida District, Wakayama Prefecture) and thus named as 'Kishu' because it grew to be a big industry there, and other assumptions say that citrus unshu (mikan) grew wild in Kishu and so on.
- だが、新将軍・義尚は若くして病死し、引退した父・義政も銀閣をはじめとする慈照寺の造営に余生を費やして、芸術の世界にのみ生きた(とはいえ、義政の芸術保護が後の東山文化発展の基礎となり、後々の日本文化に大きな影響を与えた事は否定できない)。
- But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture.)
- だが、江戸時代後期彦根藩などの保護を受けた他の琵琶湖湖畔の諸港の台頭、船主・漁民と農民・商人との利害対立による内紛(堀田氏の佐野移封と前後として農民と漁民の対立が大規模暴動に発展している)などがあり、徐々にその影響力を低下させていった。
- However, Katata gradually lost its power, owing to the rise of other domains surrounding Lake Biwa that were protected by some authorities such as the Hikone Domain in the late Edo period and internal conflicts between shipowners and fishermen and farmers and merchants (around the transfer of Hotta clan to Sano, the conflict between farmers and fishermen developed into a large-scale riot).
- 朝倉氏に奪われた越前国吉崎御坊を取り戻すため何十回となく大規模な戦を起こしたり(九頭竜川の戦い)、一揆の拡大によって武家政権の基盤を脅かされることを恐れた織田信長や細川晴元ら権力者との争いを展開するなど戦国大名化して覇権を争ってもいる。
- The Ikko ikki initiated dozens of large-scale assaults (including the Battle of Kuzuryu-gawa River) in an attempt to restore their control over Yoshizaki-gobo Temple in Echizen Province, which had been usurped by the Asakura clan, and later, they fought with such powerful men as Nobunaga ODA and Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who had begun to fear that the sheer size of the Ikko riots (ikki) threatened to shake the very foundations of warrior rule; in the end, the Ikko ikki itself became somewhat analogous to Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), and fought for hegemony over Japan.
- また後継者不足の問題も表面化してきており、その対策としてそば打ちの技術や作法を習得することを目的とした「豊平流そば打ち段位認定制度」を発足させ道の駅豊平どんぐり村で実施したり、新品種「とよむすめ」の栽培を展開するなど各種活動を行っている。
- At the same time, however, securing the future generation of soba makers has become a challenge and, as a measure to address the situation, the region has been taking various actions such as; implementing the 'Grade Certification System for Toyohira Soba Makers,' designed to teach the soba-making skills and manners, at Toyohira Donguri-mura Road Station and cultivating the new variety of buckwheat 'Toyomusume.'
- 一般に、江戸時代後期の狩野派絵師に対する評価はあまり高くないが、20世紀後半以降の研究の進展により、晴川院は古典絵画から幕末の新しい絵画の動きまで熱心に研究した、高い技術をもった絵師であったことが認識されるようになり、再評価の動きがある。
- Although the painters of the Kanoha group in the late Edo period are not well appreciated generally, there is a move to reappraise SEISENIN as the progress of the study after the late twentieth century recognizes that he was a painter with good technique who eagerly studied art from ancient paintings and on to the new painting movement at the end of the Edo period.
- その結果、大覚寺統傍流出身の後醍醐天皇子孫への皇位継承を認めないという結論に達したとき、これに反発した後醍醐天皇がこれを支持する公家と幕府に不満を抱く武士達の連携の動きが現われるのを見てクーデターを起こし、討幕運動へと発展する事になった。
- As a result, when the policy eventually reached the point of refusing to consider descendants of Emperor Godaigo, himself a scion of the Daikakuji lineage, as candidates for the throne, Emperor Godaigo was able to harness the long-festering resentment among warriors towards those who supported this policy--the nobility and the bakufu--and cooperate with them to launch a coup d'etat, which then developed into a full-scale rebellion against the bakufu.
- なお、マッコリを日本のどぶろくや日本酒のルーツとする記載がネット上で散見されるが、そもそも使用する麹が異なっている(マッコリは麦麹、どぶろくは米麹)ので、両者は醸造学的に異なる歴史を歩み発展した別系統の酒であるとする見解がほとんどである。
- Although there are descriptions on the Internet that Japanese Doburoku and sake were derived from makgeolli, as they use different malts (makgeolli uses malt and Doburoku uses malted rice), a prevailing view is that they are different lines of sake, which went through different histories and developments in zymurgy.
- 国または政府によって基本方針を策定し、その地域の関係者との協議を行い地方自治体である市町村や都道府県による観光圏の整備計画の作成とそれらの整備事業の実施に必要な事を関係する観光などの事業者とともに行い、その圏の発展を促すことを目指すもの。
- The aim is that the nation or government formulates the basic policy, has talks with the people involved in the area, works with relevant companies (including tourism operators) on the things necessary for preparation of the plan for the development of sightseeing area by the local government such as the municipalities or prefectures and the implementation of its development project, and promotes the development of that area.
- 絵巻物は、博物館・美術館等においては、ガラスケースの中に、数メートルにわたって広げた状態で展示されるが、本来の鑑賞方法は、作品を机などの上に置き、左手で新しい場面を繰り広げながら、右手ですでに見終わった画面を巻き込んでいくというものである。
- Although emakimono is exhibited at a museum or any other place by showing a few meters of unfolded part of it is in a glass case, the standard way of appreciation of emakimono is to put it on a desk and scroll with the left hand its left side to see new screens while with right hand is rolling up already viewed scenes on the right side.
- 後三条天皇以前の天皇の多くも即位した直後に、王権の確立と律令の復興を企図して「新政」と称した一連の政策を企画実行していたが、後三条天皇は外戚に摂関家を持たない強みも背景として、延久の荘園整理令(1069年)などより積極的な政策展開を行った。
- Many emperors prior to Emperor Gosanjo also planned and implemented a series of policies called 'new policies,' being intended for establishment of sovereignty and the revival of ritsuryo legal codes, which they enacted immediately after succeeding to the throne; but Emperor Gosanjo conducted active policies, including Enkyu-no Shoen Seiri-rei (an order given in the Enkyu era to consolidate manors) (in 1069), supported by his advantage of not having Sekkan-ke as his cognates.
- 合方は地歌で言う手事とほぼ同じであり、「佃」「滝流し」など独自の合方もあり長唄の魅力の一つとなっているが、どちらかといえば描写に徹しており、また大方が劇場音楽であるだけに、はるかに多様な音楽的展開を見せた地歌の手事とは性格を異にする部分もある。
- Aikatas are almost the same as tegoto in jiuta and the unique aikata such as 'Tsukuda' or 'Taki nagashi' (Falling down a waterfall) is one enchantment of choka, but they are rather devoted to description and in some points they characteristically differ from the tegoto of jiuta which musically developed far more variously as most of them are for theater music.
- 『摂州名所記』承応4年(1655年)篇には「名塩、鳥の子紙、昔よりすき出す所也、越前にもおとらさる程にすく、或いは色々 紙有り」とあり、同書が書かれた承応年間(1652~54年)より以前の十七世紀前半には、名塩で紙業が発展していたことが分かる。
- In the section 1655 of the 'Sesshu meisho ki' (a guide to noted places of Settsu province) there is a description of 'Najio being a place where torinoko-gami was made in the past. They make paper as skillfully as people in Echizen province and there are various types of paper.,' which shows that the paper manufacturing in Najio had already been developed in the early part of the 17th centuries during 1652 and 54 when it was written.
- 鎌倉幕府がそれ以前の武家政権である平氏政権と最も異なる点は「問注所」(後に評定所)と呼ばれる訴訟受付機関を設置したことで、これまでは地所の支配権をめぐる争いは当事者同士の武力闘争に容易に発展していたものをこれにより実質的に禁止することになった。
- The most striking difference between the Kamakura bakufu and the prior warrior government run by the Taira clan was the bakufu's creation of what was called the Monjusho (hereafter referred to as the Hyojosho or 'Office of Arbitration'), an organization devoted to hearing and ruling on legal disputes over land ownership; until this office was founded, final authority to own land rested with the side whose military might was greatest and disputes were resolved in a simple way--through force--but the new office substantially reduced such bloody conflicts.
- 歌舞伎作品の中でも、当時(大まかな時代として江戸時代)の出来事を扱う世話物であるこの作品は、『東海道四谷怪談』の後日譚、並木五瓶の『五大力恋緘(ごだいりきこいのふうじめ)』の書き換え、『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の外伝としての性格を持つ物語が展開される。
- Among the kabuki programs, this 'sewamono' deals with the then current affairs (of roughly the Edo period) and contains various characteristic stories including a sequel to 'Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan' (a sewamono dealing with a ghost story in Yotsuya), a rewrite of 'Godairiki Koi no Fujime' (a sewamono based on a real-life serial murderer) originally written by Gohei NAMIKI and a side story of 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (a famous story of loyal retainers).
- 清洲織田氏の三家老の一人であった弾正忠家の織田信定とその子の織田信秀はその才智と経済力を背景に主家を凌ぐ力をつけ、信秀の代には活発に軍事行動を展開し尾張統一を進めるとともに、美濃国の斎藤氏や三河国の松平氏、駿河国の今川氏と抗争し、武威を示した。
- Nobusada ODA of the Oda Danjo no jo family, which was one of three Karo (chief retainers) of the Kiyosu Oda clan and his son Nobuhide ODA got stronger than the main family due to their wisdom and economic power, Nobuhide stepped up his military operations and struggled for unification of Owari Province, and contended with the Saito clan in Mino Province, the Matsudaira clan in Mikawa Province and the Imagawa clan in Suruga Province to raise military prestige.
- 江戸時代には歌舞伎狂言の公演は公許制度の下にあり、多くの時代において日の出から日没までにすべてを公演するという幕府によって定められた規則の下で公演された(理由は、日没後に大衆が集まることで不穏な政治行動に発展することを幕府が恐れたためとされる)。
- During the Edo period, the performances of Kabuki Kyogen were under control of the authorities, so they obeyed the rules set down by the Tokugawa shogunate that all of the performances should be finished within the daytime; the shogunate was afraid that a gathering of a mob after sunset could develop into disorderly political activities, they say.
- 日本で発明された扇子は、コンパクトに折り畳めるという利点が高く評価され、大航海時代には中国を経由して西洋にまで輸出されて独自の発展を遂げ、17世紀のパリには扇を扱う店が150軒を数えるほど、上流階級の女性のコミュニケーションの道具として大流行した。
- Sensu invented in Japan were exported through China to the West in the age of discovery, and because of its convenient folding into a compact size it developed in a unique way, becoming very popular among high-class women of the times, as a communication tool when there were about 150 shops handling Sensu in Paris during the 17th century.
- いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。
- On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development.
- その後、気子島地区では海老芋栽培によって高収入をあげていることが旧竜洋町豊岡(旧掛塚町)に伝わり、昭和13~14年にかけて、当時の旧竜洋町農業協同組合長、伊藤弘氏がこれを栽培し、良好な成績を得たのをきっかけに、この地域における海老芋栽培は大きく発展した。
- After that, people in Toyooka (the former Kaketsuka-cho) in the former Ryuyo-cho learned that raising ebi-imo was bringing substantial income to the Kegojima area, and Hiroshi ITO, the head of the farmers' cooperative of the former Ryuyo-cho, grew it from in 1938 to 39 and produced good potatoes, after the start the cultivation of ebi-imo in this area greatly developed.
- 『源氏物語』の「絵合(えあわせ)」の巻などを参照すると、日本では平安時代前期~中期にも多くの物語絵が制作されたことが推測されるが、9世紀~11世紀までの絵巻物作品の現存するものは皆無であり、この間、絵巻物の画風がどのような発展過程を経たのかは定かでない。
- According to such descriptions written in a volume captioned 'Eawase' (picture contest) in 'Genji Monogatari,' many scrolls of illustrated tales may be assumed to have been produced during the beginning and middle Heian period in Japan, but since none of such scrolls are now existing that were produced between the 9th and 11th centuries, we are unable to trace clearly how the styles of illustrated scrolls, of that period, had developed.
- 飛鳥時代、『日本書紀』に「朝嬬に幸す。因りて大山位より以下の馬を長柄神社に看す。乃ち馬的射させたまふ」、他にも「騁射」「馳射」との記述があるなど神事としての騎射の原型も読み取れ、また飛鳥時代末期には文武天皇により『大射禄法』が定められ、展覧されたとの記述もある。
- 'The Chronicles of Japan' says that the 'Emperor went to Asazuma. He saw horses owned by someone below the Daiseni rank at Nagara-jinja shrine. At that time, he made them practice archery on horseback,' as well as 'Umayumi (騁射)' and 'Haseyumi (馳射),' so, original Kisha seemed to have been performed as a shrine ritual, and it also describes that 'Taisha-rokuho' was defined by Emperor Monmu and put on exhibition at the end of the Asuka Period.
- 現在、ロンドン市内のハーベイ・ニコルズやセルフリッジなどの高級デパート内、さらにヒースロー国際空港内など20ヶ所以上の店舗を展開し、さらにフランスや中東のドバイにも進出したほか、2006年にも新店舗を開くと発表、アメリカ合衆国進出を狙っているとする指摘も少なくない。
- Now there are more than twenty shops including those in luxury department stores in London such as Selfridges and Harvey Nichols and at Heathrow Airport and also developed in France and Dubai in the Middle East and announced that it will open new restaurants in 2006 and also it is assumed to open in the US.
- 大広間形式の寝殿造りの、内部空間を間仕切る建具の発明は、マルチパーパスの大きな内部空間から、特定の機能目的を備えた少空間への分離独立へ展開していく、大きな契機であり、寝殿造りの住宅の公と私の明確な分離に基づく、住まい方の変化をもたらした重大な建築様式の革新であった。
- The invention of fittings which separate room of Shinden-zukuri in the style of a large hall was a big momentum of the development from a large space with multipurpose to small spaces with specific purposes and a significant innovation of architecture style which changed the style of living based on the separation between public and private in Shinden-zukuri residence.
- これらのことから転じて、慣用句として用いられる「どんでん返し」は、瞬間的な逆転を指す表現として用いられ、観客の側からは意外性のある「どんでん返しで幕になる」ストーリ展開の状態や、小説では「どんでん返しの結末」、「どんでん返しの逆転スリーラン」等々の用いられ方をする。
- Being derived from these, 'donden gaeshi' has become a kind of idiom and is used as an expression for instantaneous reversal, and is applied as 'donden gaeshi de maku-ni-naru' (to finish with a surprise ending) which is a peripeteia coming as a surprise to the audience, as 'donden gaeshi no ketsumatsu' (surprise ending) in novels, as 'donden gaeshi no gyakuten-three-run' (turning defeat into victory with a come-from-behind three-run homer) in a baseball game, and as others.
- 昭和5年(1930年)の縦型精米機の登場によって、一時は飛躍的な発展の可能性がかいまみえた日本酒吟醸酒の技術に関しても、昭和13酒造年度(1938年-1939年)から精米歩合が65%以下に規制されて出鼻をくじかれ、本格的な発展にはなお三十年近い歳月を待つことになった。
- Although the technique of ginjoshu seemed to be able to develop rapidly by the invention of vertical-type rice-milling machines in 1930, it could not be fully developed for almost 30 years, damaged by the regulation of the rice-polishing ratio which was under 65 percent in the Showa 13 brewing year (1938 to 1939).
- その後女性の衣装としてのみ発展し、関所を通る際は未婚女性は振袖を着用しないと通過が出来ない(年齢や身分をごまかしているのではと因縁をつけられたため)など、未婚女性といえば振袖を着用するものという認識が広まった(余談だが関所の近くにはたいてい貸し振袖屋があったという)。
- Thereafter, the furisode began to be developed exclusively as a kind of clothing for women, leading to such steps as the creation of a rule that unmarried women passing barrier checkpoints were not allowed to pass unless they were wearing furisode (because a woman was suspected at the barrier checkpoint that she tried to disguise her age or social status, unless she were wearing furisode), thus expanding recognition that 'as for unmarried women, they wear furisode' (incidentally, it is said that there were furisode rental shops near almost all the checkpoints).
- 小沢は単なる庭園史の研究家でなく自らも日本庭園を作庭し、天王寺公園や伊勢皇大神宮・豊受大神宮の外苑、栗林公園の修景のほか、ロンドンで開催された日英博覧会に出展された日本庭園、また自身の故郷三重県桑名市では1928年に松平定信百年祭にともない造られた九華公園などの作品がある。
- He was not a mere historical researcher of gardens but also produced gardens himself such as Tennoji-koen (Tennoji Park), outer park of the Ise Kotai-jingu Shrine and the Toyouke-daijingu Shrine and he restored scenery in Ritsurin-koen park and even produced a Nihon teien exhibited in The Japan-British Exhibition held in London, and Kyuka-koen Park for centennial festival of Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA at his own birth place, Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture built in 1928.
- 「条」とは、郡・郷よりさらに小さい規模の領域を示す単位であり、郡規模あるいはそれ以上の範囲に領域支配を展開する他の東国有力武士団である三浦氏・千葉氏・小山氏・秩父氏などは、どれも何代か前から多くの有力な一族を各地に分派させているが、北条氏にはそうした一族が少しもみられない。
- A 'jo' is a unit of area smaller than a 'gun' (county) or 'go' (village), and unlike other major armed groups in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) who ruled territories of 'gun' or larger area (e.g. the Miura, Chiba, Koyama and Chichibu clans) and had been scattering their powerful branch families across Togoku since generations before, the Hojo clan did not have any such branch families.
- 例えば1428年(正長元年)派遣の使節に同行した書記官の申叔舟が著した『海東諸国紀』によると、倭寇禁圧要請と併せて倭寇の根拠地の特定、倭寇と守護大名、有力国人、土豪との関係、都市部の発展状況や通貨政策など国力状況の観察、日本での仏教の展開状況をはじめ15項目の調査内容があったという。
- For example, according to 'Kaitoshokokuki' (literally, descriptions of various countries across the sea) written by Sukchu SIN, a secretary of the envoy dispatched in 1428, the survey included 15 items including the following: identifying base-places of wako together with a request of prohibiting wako (Japanese pirates) actions, observing Japan's power, such as relationships among wako, shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords), dominant Kokujin (local samurai) and local clans, states of progress in urban areas, and monetary policies, and checking the states of progress of Buddhism in Japan.
- 大学寮が設置された当初、一般官人を育てる本科(明経道)と技術官人を育てる算道しか事実上存在していなかったが、神亀年間に律令を教える律学博士(後の明法博士)と歴史を教える文章博士が明経道から分離する形で成立し、やがて天平年間に独立した学科となり、後の明法道・紀伝道へと発展することとなる。
- In the early days of the Daigaku-ryo, the regular course (Myogyodo) for the education of general government officials and Sando, for the education of technical government officials, were virtually the only ones in existence, but somewhere between 724 and 729, Ritsugaku hakase (later Myoho hakase) (professor of law, for the teaching of the Ritsuryo Code) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature. for the teaching of history) were established by separating from Myogyodo, subsequently becoming independent departments between 729 and 748; they would later evolve into Myobodo (study of Code) and Kidendo (study of the histories).
- 祇園甲部歌舞練場、京都府立芸術会館などで、「京舞篠塚流の会」を開催したり、 重要文化財・芦花浅水荘、京都市指定有形文化財・野口邸、同じく杉本邸などで「座敷で見る京舞」を開催するなど、流派の発展に尽力するかたわら、重文・京都島原角屋で『島原三番艘』を披露するなど文化面での活動にも余念がない。
- While school members hold events such as 'The gathering of Kyomai Shinozuka school' at Gion Kobu Kaburenjo Theater and Kyoto Prefectural Art Center, etc., and 'The gathering to appreciate Kyo dance in a tatami room' at Rokasensui-sho Manor (Important Cultural Property) and at Noguchi-tei Estate and Sugimoto-tei Estate (Tangible Cultural Asset Designated by Kyoto City) to develop their own school, they also devoted themselves in playing an active role in the cultural field by presenting classical 'Shimabara san banso' (Shimabara third boat) at Kyoto Shimabara Sumiya (Important Cultural Property).
- しかし、文献史学の情報、考古学による発掘の進展などは擦文文化の広がりや実態、続縄文時代から擦文文化への、又擦文文化からアイヌ文化への移行過程がかなり複雑な様相を呈しており、前述の説ほど単純に割り切れるものではない事を浮かび上がらせつつあるため、単純にそのままの形では定説とみなされてはいない。
- However, information in the document-based research and development of archaeological excavations show complexities in the expansion and actual condition of the Satsumon culture and the transition processes from the post-Jomon period to the Satsumon period or from the Satsumon period to the Ainu culture, resulting in more complex factual relationships than the above-mentioned theories, which should not so readily be regarded as the accepted concepts.
- 武士の起源については、従来は新興地方領主層が自衛の必要から武装した面を重視する説が主流であったが、近年は清和源氏や桓武平氏のような軍事貴族や下級官人層から構成される戦士身分が起源であり、彼らが平安後期の荘園公領制成立期から荘園領主や国衙と結びついて所領経営者として発展していったとみる説が提唱されている。
- As for the origin of bushi, the theory that the class of emerging local lords were armed because of a need for self-defense was traditionally mainstream, but recently a theory proposed that its origin is the warrior status which consisted of the military aristocrats such as Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) or lower-ranking government officials and they were linked with the owners of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) or kokuga from the formation period of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) and developed into the managers of the shoryo (territory).
- 元請制作作品は『空を見上げる少女の瞳に映る世界』を除き、アドベンチャーゲーム(Key作品)・ライトノベル・コミックなどを原作としているが、それらの作品はいずれも基本は原作に忠実であり、その上でサプライズ的な要素を付加させるといったストーリー展開を貫いている(『涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱』では原作小説の地の文まで再現している)。
- All of Kyoto Animation's own prime productions (except for 'Sora wo Miageru Shojo no Hitomi ni Utsuru Sekai' (The World Reflected in the Eyes of a Girl Looking Up at the Heavens)) are based on adventure games (produced by Key), light novels and comics, and they were basically true to the original storylines with some surprise elements added (in 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' even the text of the original novel was reproduced).
- 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
- While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.
- 平安時代後期より公家などの文筆に携わる人々が往復書簡(往来)の形式を採った文例集(消息集)に由来している(同じ様な形式のものは、中国伝来とされる『杜家立成』が東大寺正倉院に収められているが、当時の中国の書式を元により整理された形式となっており、往来物が中国のものの影響を受けながらも日本独自に発展していったことが分かる)。
- They derived from boilerplates (shosoku-shu) which were a collection of correspondence from the late Heian period written by those who were engaged in literary work, such as nobles (A similar item called 'Tokarissei,' reportedly from China, is preserved in Todai-ji Temple Shoso-in Treasure Repository, but even this had been arranged from the Chinese original, showing that oraimono developed independently with an influence from China).
- 1930年代前半に誕生し、一時期は発展の可能性がかいまみられながらも、戦中戦後の窮乏のなかでそれが棚上げのかたちとなっていた吟醸酒も、1970年代には、醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、また協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの吟醸香を出す新しい酵母が実用化され、ようやく少量ずつ市場へ出荷されるようになった。
- The ginjoshu which appeared in the early 1930s but was interrupted because of the shortage of materials although it could have been more developed, gradually came to be sold in markets in small amounts in the 1970s, since the technique of temperature control in the process of making moromi was rapidly developed and the new yeasts with aroma of ginjo, such as the seventh and the ninth yeasts of the Brewing Society were put into practical use.
- カキフライが初めて作られた時期・発祥は諸説あるが、洋食メニュー発展期・文明開化の明治時代(1868年 – 1912年)後期に東京銀座の洋食屋「煉瓦亭」(創業明治28年)でカツレツを考案したと伝えられる木田元次郎が、あらゆる食材を油で揚げて試していた食材の一品がカキ (貝)であったという煉瓦亭の記録文献が、最古の資料として現在は有力と考えられている。
- Although there are various theories as to when and how kaki furai was made for the first time, one of the major views, based on the written record known as the oldest material suggests that in the late Meiji era (1868 to 1912), the time of civilization and enlightenment and the developing period of yoshoku (Western-style meal), Motojiro KIDA, who is believed to have invented cutlet, was experimentally frying all kinds of ingredients, one of which happened to be oyster at 'Rengatei,' a yoshoku restaurant in Ginza, Tokyo, which was founded in 1895.
- その目的や意義は、豊作の「五穀豊穣」を始め、「大漁追福」、「商売繁盛」、「疫病退散」、「無病息災」、「家内安全」、「安寧長寿」、「夫婦円満」、「子孫繁栄」、「祖先崇拝」、「豊楽万民」、「天下泰平」などを招福祈願、厄除祈念として行われるもの、またはそれらの成就に感謝して行われるもの、節句などの年中行事が発展して行われているもの、偉人の霊を慰めるために行われるものなど様々である。
- The purpose and meaning are diversified because some feasts are held for 'the productiveness of grain' for good harvests, and a prayer for good luck charm and prayer for warding off evil such as 'good catch and memorial service,' 'prosperous trade,' 'an attempt to secure protection from a plague,' 'state of perfect health,' 'safety of one's family,' 'peace and longevity,' 'harmonious marriage,' 'fertility and family prosperity,' 'ancestor worship,' 'abundance and joy to all people,' 'universal peace' and so on, some are held in appreciation for accomplishments of such prayers, some are held as a result of development of annual events such as Sekku and so on, or some are held to console spirits of great people.
- 「なみだの操」「夫婦鏡」「女のみち」「女のねがい」「おやじの海」「よこはま・たそがれ」「傷だらけの人生」「くちなしの花」「ふるさと (五木ひろし)」「喝采 (ちあきなおみ)」「せんせい」「心のこり」「与作」「舟唄」「昔の名前で出ています」「北の宿から」「津軽海峡・冬景色」「おもいで酒」「北国の春」「夢追い酒」など多くのヒット曲が生まれ、フォーク、ニューミュージック、アイドル歌謡などと競い合いながら安定した発展を見せていた。
- With many hits, including 'Namida no Misao' (Tearful Fidelity), 'Meoto Kagami' (Couple Mirrors), 'Onna no Michi' (Woman's Way), 'Onna no Negai' (Woman's Wish), 'Oyaji no Umi' (Father's Ocean), 'Yokohama Tasogare' (Yokohama Twilight Time), 'Kizudarake no Jinsei' (Life with Bruises), 'Kuchinashi no Hana' (Flower of Gardenia), 'Furusato (Hiroshi ITSUKI)' (Hometown), 'Kassai (Naomi CHIAKI)' (Applause), 'Sensei' (Teacher), 'Kokoro Nokori' (Regret), 'Yosaku' (Yosaku [a popular Japanese name for woodcutters]), 'Funauta' (Sailor's Song), 'Mukashi no Namae de Deteimasu' (Coming out in the Name of Old Days), 'Kita no Yado kara' (From an Inn in the North Country), 'Tsugaru Kaikyo Fuyu-geshiki' (Winterscape of the Tsugaru Straits), 'Omoide Zake' (Sake of Memories), 'Kitaguni no Haru' (Spring in the North Country), and 'Yume Oi Zake' (Dream-chasing Sake), enka music developed steadily, competing with folk, new music, and idol songs.
- 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
- (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.