少: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 深草少将
- FUKAKUSA no Shosho (Major General)
- 右少将。
- He was a Minor Captain of the Right.
- 少納言。
- He is a Shonagon (lesser councilor of state).
- さぶる少女
- prostitute and entertainer
- 式部少輔。
- He was a vice director of Ministry of Ceremonial.
- His duty was Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assitant of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- 藻壁門院少将
- Sohekimonin no Shosho
- 右近衛権少将
- Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 右少弁如元。
- He remained as Ushoben.
- 少納言如元。
- He retained the position of Shonagon.
- Retained his position as Shonagon.
- 筋肉減少性肥満
- sarcopenic obesity
- 後少将と号す。
- He called himself Nochi no Shosho (New Minor Captain).
- 少納言を去る。
- He departed for Shonagon.
- He resigned Shonagon.
- 多武峯少将物語
- Tonomine Shosho Monogatari (story)
- d少女 - 日影
- d Shojo - Hikage
- 少内記元の如し。
- His position as Shonaiki remained unchanged.
- He retained his position as Shonaiki.
- 少外記元の如し。
- His position as shogaiki remained unchanged.
- 下野権少掾如元。
- Retained his position as the Gonnoshojo of Shimotsuke Province.
- 右近衛少将如元。
- Ukon e no Shosho retained unchanged.
- 左近衛少将如元。
- He retained his position as Sakone no shosho.
- 官位は中務少輔。
- Hirofusa's official court rank was nakatsukasa no shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs).
- 4月16日左少将
- April 16: Sashosho (minor captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards)
- 清少納言枕草紙抄
- Sei Shonagon Makura no Soshi Sho
- 正月 右近衛少将
- February (New Year in the old lunar calendar): Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards)
- 7月22日中務少輔
- July 22: Nakatsukasa no shoyu
- 小笠原秀清(少斎)
- Hidekiyo OGASAWARA (Shosai)
- 少女 (源氏物語)
- Otome (The Tale of Genji)
- 左:少弐命婦(勝)
- Left: Shoni no Myobu (winner)
- 『多武峰少将物語』
- 'Tale of the Lesser Captain of Tonomine'
- 豪族的領主と少領主
- The gozoku type lords and small lords
- 時に正六位上少内記。
- At the time, he was a Shonaiki of Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade).
- 少納言・武蔵介如元。
- Shonagon and Musashi-no-suke retained unchanged
- 松平保男(海軍少将)
- Morio MATSUDAIRA (Rear Admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy)
- 父は治部少輔藤原清孝。
- His father was FUJIWARA no Kiyotaka, a sho (official) of the Jibu (the Office of Ceremonies).
- のち大允と少允に分ける
- Jo was later divided into Daijo and Shojo.
- 坊令(無位→少初位下)
- Borei (No rank to Shohatsuinoge [Lesser Initial Rank, Lower Grade])
- 少工 新設・工事の指揮
- Shoku (Deputy of Master Carpenter) was newly established to give directions about construction work.
- 令史(少初位下) 一名
- Reishi (Shohatsuinoge [Lesser Initial Rank, Lower Grade]): One
- 4月11日皇后宮権少進
- May 30: Appointed Kogo no miya gon no shoshin (Junior Office Secretary of the Empress's Household).
- 時に神祇少副正六位上。
- At that time, he was Jingisho shofuku Shorokuinojo (Junior Assistant Head of Ministry of Divinities, Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade).
- 多武峰少将入道と号す。
- He called himself Tonomine shosho nyudo.
- 幼少時から将軍就任まで
- From Childhood Until Becoming Shogun
- 蔵人の少将:三ノ君の婿。
- Kurodo no Shosho: Husband of San no Kimi
- 左大将:右近の少将の父。
- Sadaisho: Father of Ukon no Shosho
- 「花桜折る少将(中将)」
- Hanazakura oru shosho (Chusho)
- 清原致信、清少納言の父。
- He was the father of KIYOHARA no Munenobu and Sei Shonagon.
- 令史(少初位上相当)一名
- Reishi (corresponding to Shohatsuinojo [Lesser Initial Rank, Upper Grade]) one member.
- 令史(少初位下相当)一名
- Reishi (corresponding to Shohatsuinoge [Lesser Initial Rank, Lower Grade]) one member.
- 少属(大初位上相当)一名
- Shosakan (junior clerk) (corresponding to Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade]): one person
- One shosakan (equivalent to Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade])
- 12月30日右近衛権少将
- February 13, 1171 (December 30, 1170 in old lunar calendar): He was appointed Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 2月2日 少内記に遷任。
- February 28 He was reassigned as Shonaiki.
- 式部少輔・文章博士如元。
- Retained his positions as the Shikibu-shoyu and Monjo Hakase.
- 幼少から尼子氏に仕えた。
- Yukimori was in the service of the Amago clan from his youth.
- 1月、左兵衛少尉に遷任。
- February: He became Sahyoe no shojo (Third-ranked Assistant Officer of Sahyoe-fu, the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards).
- 父は右近衛少将藤原季縄。
- Her father was FUJIWARA no Suetada, Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of the Inner Palace Guards).
- - 最年少で文化勲章受章
- He won the Order of Culture to be the youngest winner.
- 『晴明蔵人少将封ずる事』
- 'Seimei Sealed a Major General and Keeper of Imperial Archives'
- 盗みはなく、訴訟も少ない。
- People didn't commit theft and there were few 'lawsuits.'
- 8月16日、右少弁に転任。
- On the 16th day of the eighth month, he was transferred to the post of ushoben, or Second Assistant Controller of the Right.
- 左近衛権少将具親(源具親)
- Sakone Gonnoshosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) Tomochika (MINAMOTO no Tomochika)
- 少進(正七位上相当) 1名
- Shojo (corresponding to Shoshichiinoge [Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade]) one member.
- 少属(従八位上相当) 1名
- Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade]) one member.
- 3月9日 式部少輔を兼任。
- April 25: He was additionally appointed Shikibu-shoyu.
- 官位:従五位下、弾正少弼。
- Official Rank: Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and Danjo-Shohitsu (Junior Assistant President of the Board of Censors).
- 3月16日、少納言を兼任。
- March 16, he also assumed the Shonagon.
- 官位は従五位下、中務少輔。
- Takato's official court rank was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), Nakatsukasa no Shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs).
- 12月24日右近衛権少将。
- December 24: Assumed the position of Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- ・蔵人・少納言・侍従如元。
- He remained in the positions of Kurodo, Shonagon and Jiju.
- 3月1日、刑部少輔に遷任。
- Transferred to Gyobushoyu (deputy minister of Justice department) on April 2nd.
- 幼少時から将軍権力確立まで
- From his Infancy to the Establishment of Shogunate Authority.
- 官位は正五位下、弾正少弼。
- Morikuni held the court rank of: Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)/ Danjo Shohitsu (Junior Assistant President of the Board of Censors).
- 帯刀の母:右近の少将の乳母。
- Tatewaki's mother: Foster mother of Ukon no Shosho
- 「思はぬ方にとまりする少将」
- Omowanu kata ni tomari suru shosho
- 十月十五日 大崎少将殿 家康
- To Osaki Shosho (manor captain) from Ieyasu on October 15.
- 1月15日 兵部少輔に任官。
- February 10: He was appointed Hyobu-shoyu.
- 2月29日 民部少輔に遷任。
- February 29: He was reassigned as Minbu-shoyu.
- 1月15日 式部少輔に遷任。
- February 5: He was reassigned as Shikibu-shoyu.
- 9月1日、左兵衛少尉に任官。
- On September 1, he was appointed as Sahyoe no shojo (Third-ranked Assistant Officer of Sahyoe-fu, the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards).
- 月日不詳、右近衛少将に転任。
- He was reassigned as Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) (date not recorded).
- 俗には紫の上の幼少期をさす。
- Commonly, Wakamurasaki refers to Murasaki no ue in her infancy.
- 承保2年、正五位下、左少弁。
- 1075: Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), Sashoben (third-ranked officer of the department overseeing some major ministries)
- 弟 ます樹 (幼少時に死去)
- His other younger brother Masuki OGAWA died in his infancy.
- 少属(従八位下相当)左右各一名
- Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (equivalent to Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]): One each for Samaryo and Umaryo
- 少允(従七位上相当)左右各一名
- Shojo (equivalent to Jushichiinojo [Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade]): One each for Samaryo and Umaryo
- 十月廿四日 大崎少将殿 家康」
- To Osaki Shosho (minor captain) from Ieyasu on October 24.'
- ついで式部少輔と左中弁を兼務。
- He was then concurrently appointed Shikibu-shoyu (Junior Assisitant Minister, Ministry of Ceremonies) and Sachuben (Assisitant Controller of the Left).
- 蔵人頭・式部少輔・左中弁如元。
- Retained his positions as the Kurodonoto, Shikibu-shoyu, and Sachuben.
- 2月19日、右近衛少将に転任。
- February 19, promoted to Ukon e no Shosho (lowest general of Ukon-e-fu).
- 4月19日、左近衛少将に遷任。
- April 19, appointed Sakon-e-no-Shosho (lowest general of Sakon-e-fu.)
- 1月30日、左近衛少将に任官。
- On January 30, he was assigned as Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 延久4年(1072年) 右少将
- 1072 - Ushosho (Right Lower General)
- 10月12日右近衛権少将を辞任
- October 12: Resigned from the position of Ukone no Gon no shosho.
- 9月14日、左近衛少将に転任。
- On October 28, he was transferred to the post of Sakone no shosho.
- 左近の少将 : 浮舟の婚約者。
- Sakon, a certain guards lieutenant: Ukifune's fiancé.
- そして1149年に左衛門少尉。
- And he was promoted to Saemon no jo in 1149.
- 室は少納言信西(信西)女など。
- His wives and mistresses included a daughter of Shonagon Shinzei (Shinzei).
- 『清少納言記』などとともいった。
- It was also called 'Sei Shonagon ki.'
- 万葉歌人の作も多少含まれている。
- A few poems written by Manyo Poets were also included.
- また、女流の入選は極めて少ない。
- Also, only a tiny number of poems written the female poets were selected.
- そのため幼少期は非常に苦労した。
- As a result, he endured great hardship during his young days.
- 9月17日、右近衛権少将に転任。
- October 27: He was transferred to the office of Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 3月13日、左近衛権少将に任官。
- On March 13, he was assigned as Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 12月24日、右近衛少将に任官。
- On December 24, he was assigned as Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 6月22日、右近衛権少将に転任。
- On June 22, he was reassigned as Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 同5年(1073年)、兵部少輔。
- 1073: Hyobu shoyu (Deputy Minister of the Military Arm)
- 少年時はおねしょタレで、泣き虫。
- He was a bed-wetter and crybaby, in his boyhood.
- 現在は突棒術を教える流派は少ない。
- At present there are only a few schools that teach an art of using Tsukubo as a weapon.
- 片刃がやや多いが両刃も少なくない。
- Although single-edged axes were slightly more found, double-edged ones were not a few.
- 大属(正八位下) 少属(従八位上)
- Daisakan (Senior Clerk) (Shohachiinoge [Senior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]), and Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade])
- 大属(従八位上) 少属(従八位下)
- Daisakan (Senior Clerk) (Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade]), and Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade])
- 大允(正七位下) 少允(従七位上)
- Daijo (Senior Secretary) (Shoshichiinoge [Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade]), and Shojo (Junior Secretary) (Jushichiinojo [Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade])
- 訓儒麻呂も従五位下式部少輔に昇る。
- Kusumaro was also promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- 右近の少将の策略で四の君と結婚する。
- He was tricked by Ukon no Shosho into marrying Yon no Kimi.
- 式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- His appointments as Shikibu shosuke, monjo hakase, and Sanuki no suke remained unchanged.
- 中宮少属(しょうさかん)は定員2名。
- Chugu shosakan (junior clerk of the Consort's Household office): two persons.
- ただ文学に関してだけは論説が少ない。
- However, only few articles on literature were published.
- 幼少のため、細川政国の補佐を受けた。
- As he was only a child at that time, he was advised by Masakuni HOSOKAWA.
- 幼少時から宇喜多氏に預けられていた。
- He had been entrusted to the Ukita clan since his childhood.
- 整った字体や文章で誤字や訂正も少ない。
- The Chinese characters are well-formed and the composition as a whole well-ordered, with few errors or corrections.
- その翌年には左近衛少将と累進を重ねた。
- And in the year after that, he added to his titles by being promoted to Sakone no Shosho (Major-General o the Imperial Left Guard).
- 幼少の頃から小姓として織田家に仕えた。
- He served the Oda family as a pageboy from an early age.
- 『清少納言旁註』『枕草紙拾穂抄』とも。
- The book is also called 'Sei Shonagon Bochu' (Marginal Notes on Sei Shonagon) or 'Makura no Soshi Shuhosho' (The Commentary on The Pillow Book).
- 人体への害は少ないものが主に使われる。
- Pigments of plant origin are mainly made from materials that are harmless to human bodies.
- 910年(延喜10)2月、少内記に遷任。
- February 910: He was appointed Shonaiki.
- 源義光…源義家の三弟(従五位下刑部少輔)
- MINAMOTO no Yohimitsu: the third son of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie; ranked Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and served as Gyobu no sho (Deputy Assistant to the Minister of Justice).
- その後、少名毘古那は常世に渡って行った。
- After that, Sukunabikona passed to Tokoyo no kuni (the 'eternal land').
- 906年(延喜6)2月、越前権少掾に任官。
- February 906: He was appointed Echizen Gonnoshojo.
- 大滝平付近で鈴木少尉の遺体を発見している。
- The body of Junior Lieutenant Suzuki was found near Otakidaira.
- 大属(従八位上相当) 少属(従八位下相当)
- Daisakan (Senior Clerk) (Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade]), and Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade])
- 9月2日、正三位に昇叙し、右近衛少将如元。
- On September 2, he was promoted to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), and retained his position as Ukone no shosho.
- 11月25日 (旧暦):右近衛権少将に転任
- November 25 (lunar calendar): He was appointed to the post of Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 孤立した年少の天皇に、抗する術はなかった。
- The isolated young emperor did not have the capacity to resist.
- 少納言(しょうなごん) : 紫の上の乳母。
- Shonagon: Lady Murasaki's wet nurse.
- 雪中の逃避行で年少の頼朝が脱落してしまう。
- The youngest Yoritomo was left out during the escape journey in the snow.
- のちに興福寺で権少僧都にまで栄進している。
- Later he was promoted to Gon no Shozozu of Kofuku-ji Temple.
- 詳細な記事が多いが、欠失部分も少なくない。
- It contains a large number of detailed entries, but quite a few parts have been lost.
- 大允(従六位正七位) 少允(従六位従七位)
- Taijo (Jurokui [Junior Sixth Rank] and Shoshichii [Senior Seventh Rank]), Shojo (Jurokui and Jushichii [Junior Seventh Rank])
- 大属(従六位従八位) 少属(従六位従八位)
- Daisakan (Jurokui and Juhachii [Junior Eighth Rank]), Shosakan (Jurokui and Juhachii)
- 伝写本が少なくなく、さまざまな異本がある。
- Because quite a few copies of the 'Koshibagaki Zoshi' were transcribed by hand, various versions of the picture scrolls exist.
- ただし重複があるので実際の数はもう少し減る。
- However, there are some duplicates, so the actual number of songs is lesser than that.
- 886年(仁和2)1月16日、少外記に遷任。
- January 16, 886: He was appointed shogaiki (lesser officer of official documents).
- 少なくとも栄禄ら戦争消極派はそう考えていた。
- At least, Ronglu and others who had a negative attitude toward war were thinking so.
- 倉石大尉は山口少佐にこちらに来るよう勧めた。
- Captain Kuraishi tried to persuade Major Yamaguchi to move to his place.
- 元慶元年(877年)、式部少輔に任ぜられた。
- In 877, he was appointed to Shikibu-shoyu (Junior Assisitant Minister, Ministry of Ceremonies).
- 幼少の頃、父・谷三治郎より剣術を学んでいた。
- He learned swordsmanship from his father, Sanjiro TANI, during his childhood.
- 1301年(正安3年)7月15日、式部少丞。
- July 15, 1301: Shikibu shojo (Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Ceremonial)
- 12月に従五位下・中務少輔に叙位・任官する。
- He was honored and appointed as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and Nakatsukasa no Shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) in January 1748.
- 頼通は僅か26歳であり、最年少の摂政だった。
- Yorimichi was a mere 26 years old and the youngest Sessho ever.
- 当初は数も少なく弓足軽と同じ組に属していた。
- At the beginning, they were few in number and they belonged to the same infantry as yumi ashigaru (foot soldiers who are archers).
- また全国各地に清女伝説(清少納言伝説)がある。
- Also, throughout Japan there are stories of Sei Jo Densetsu (despairing Sei Shonagon).
- 少なくとも室町時代の写本には『吾妻鏡』とある。
- The work was known as 'Azuma Kagami,' at least in the manuscripts transcribed in the Muromachi period.
- 893年(寛平5)2月21日、式部少輔に遷任。
- February 21, 893: He was selected for the post of Shiiubu shofu (First Associate Judge of the Ministry of Civil Services).
- 時の大蔵少輔・伊藤博文のもとで制度が創られた。
- The system was established under Hirobumi ITO who was Okura no shofu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of the Treasury) at that time.
- これにより部隊は少なからずも平静を取り戻した。
- Thanks to this, the troop regained its calm a little.
- 2月29日 正六位下に叙し、下野権少掾に任官。
- April 11: He was appointed to the Shorokuinoge rank and became the Gonnoshojo (Deputy Junior Secretary) of Shimotsuke Province.
- 1446年(文安3)12月7日、右少弁に任官。
- January 2, 1447: He was promoted to Ushoben (Minor Controller of the Right).
- 少なくとも3種類から4種類程度確認されている。
- At least three or four types of portraits have been identified as depicting Mitsunari.
- 世阿弥は幼少のころから父の一座に出演していた。
- Zeami began his appearance on stage with his father's troupe from his early childhood.
- 幼少時に出家して浄土真宗の永安寺の僧となった。
- When he was a child, he renounced the world and became a Buddhist priest in the Jodo Shinshu sect (an offshoot of the Jodoshu sect), attached to Yoan-ji Temple.
- これには幼少期から青年期の様子も記されている。
- This includes his childhood and adolescence.
- 文章生から宮内少丞・蔵人・式部大丞を歴任した。
- He successively held monjosho (a student of literary studies in the Imperial University) and then served as Kunai shojo (Junior Secretary of the Sovereign's Household), Kurodo (Chamberlain), and Shikibu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Ceremonial).
- 955年(天暦9年)10月、左近衛少将に遷任。
- October, 955: He was transferred to Sakone no shosho.
- 鞍馬天狗を小父さんと慕う少年(実は、女の子)。
- a boy (actually a girl) who loved Kurama Tengu calling him pop.
- 決して内戦の流血自体が少なく済んだわけではない。
- This, the Civil War was never a war of minimal bloodshed.
- 右近の少将(道頼):帯刀の乳兄弟、落窪の姫の夫。
- Ukon no Shosho (Michiyori): A foster brother of Tatewaki; husband of Ochikubo no Hime
- 明るく利発な性格で、幼少の頃から美声で知られる。
- He is cheerful and clever, having been known for his beautiful voice since he was a child.
- 貞観12年(870年)2月14日、少内記に転任。
- February 14, 870: He was transferred to the post of Shonaiki (Assistant Editor).
- 特に清少納言への評では徹底的に扱き下ろしている。
- She could be severely critical, particularly of Seisho Nagon.
- 十月廿四日 大崎少将様 貴報 井伊兵部少輔直政」
- A report to Osaki Shosho (minor captain) from Hyobushoyu (deputy minister of military arm) Naomasa II on October 24.'
- 両者は危機感を持ったが幕府内では少数派であった。
- Although both men sensed the emergency of the situation, they were a minority within the Shogunate.
- 正一位から少初位下までの30段階に分かれていた。
- From Shoichii (Senior First Rank) to Shosoige (the lowest court rank), there were 30 ranks.
- 後藤伍長には少佐はこの時死んだものと判断された。
- Corporal Goto assumed that the Major died then.
- 『兵範記』には中務少輔・重盛の名が記されている。
- Shigemori's name was mentioned in the 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) as a nakatsukasa no shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs).
- 1306年(徳治元)12月22日、左少弁に遷任。
- On December 22, 1306, he was appointed as Sashoben (third-ranked officer of Sabenkan-kyoku, Daijokan).
- 12月17日、正四位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。
- On December 17, he was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) with his status as Sakon-e-no-Chujo remaining unchanged.
- 蕭白の生涯については資料が少なく不明な点が多い。
- Very few documents about the life of Shohaku are available and much remains unknown.
- 摂津の守(「少女」時点)、のちに参議にまで昇る。
- He served as the governor of Settsu Province (at the time of 'Otome') and later rose in rank to Councilor.
- 901年(延喜元年)3月15日、中務少丞に遷任。
- On April 6, 901, he was transferred to be Nakatsukasa shojo.
- 902年(延喜2年)2月23日、兵部少丞に遷任。
- On April 4, 902, he was transferred to be Hyobu shojo.
- 同6年(1074年)、少納言、五位の蔵人となる。
- 1074: Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) Goi no Kurodo (deputy minister of the office of Kurodo and secretary to the Emperor)
- 8月15日 (旧暦)(9月21日):少納言を兼任
- September 21: He was assigned to an additional post of Shonagon.
- - 少年や女性向けで、芝居の筋書きを書いたもの。
- Synopses of a play written for boys and women.
- 近世になって多少、復活し、近世末まで用いられた。
- It was revived a little in the early modern period, and used until the end of the early-modern times.
- 一方、北山の尼君はその後少女と共に都に戻っていた。
- Meanwhile, Kitayama no Amagimi (a nun in Kitayama) returned to the capital after that, taking the girl with her.
- これを知った少将は落胆のあまり母雲居の雁に訴える。
- When Shosho knew this, he was so disappointed that he appealed to his mother, Kumoi no Kari,
- 式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し(三職兼帯の例)
- His other court appointments remained unchanged (his career being an example of the phenomenon of one person simultaneously holding three different positions).
- その結果、縄文人の人口も停滞あるいは減少に転じる。
- As a result, the population of the Jomon people turned to stagnate or decline.
- これにより貨幣発行量が減少し、景気を冷え込ませた。
- This reduced the amount of currency emitted, cooling the economy.
- 大属(従八位上相当)一名 少属(従八位下相当)一名
- Daisakan (senior clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade]), Shosakan (junior clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]) one member.
- 大属(正八位下相当)一名 少属(従八位上相当)二名
- Daisakan (Senior Clerk) (corresponding to Shohachiinoge [Senior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]) one member and Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinojo [Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade]) two members.
- 大允(正七位下相当)一名 少允(従七位下相当)一名
- Daijo (senior secretary) (corresponding to Shoshichiinoge [Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade]) one member, shojo (junior secretary) (corresponding to Jushichiinoge [Junior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade]) one member.
- 大属(従八位下相当)一名 少属(大初位上相当)一名
- Daisakan (senior clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]) one member, Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (corresponding to Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade]) one member.
- Daisakan (senior clerk) (corresponding to Juhachiinoge [Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade]), Shosakan (Junior Clerk) (corresponding to Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade]) one member.
- が、山口少佐は「吾は此処に死せん」として拒否した。
- However, Major Yamaguchi rejected it saying, 'I'm dying here.'
- 12月22日、正四位下に昇叙し、右近衛権少将如元。
- January 29, 1856 (December 22, 1855 in old lunar calendar): He received a higher rank, Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) while retaining his position as Ukone no Gon no shosho.
- 清少納言(せいしょうなごん:御簾を掲げる)1892
- Sei Shonagon (lifting up a bamboo blind), 1892
- しかし天皇が幼少のため、政局は著しく不安定だった。
- The political condition however was extremely unstable as the emperor was still quite young.
- 貞観6年(864年)3月8日、左近衛権少将に転任。
- April 21, 864: He was reassigned as Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- にわのまことが週刊少年ジャンプで連載していた漫画。
- A manga created by Makoto NIWANO serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump
- 1305年(嘉元3)11月18日、権左少弁に遷任。
- On November 18, 1305, he was appointed as Gon-Sashoben (supernumerary third-ranked officer of Sabenkan-kyoku, Daijokan).
- 『枕草子』の作者清少納言が仕えた后として知られる。
- She is known for being the empress served by 'The Pillow Book (Makura no Soshi)' author, Sei Shonagon.
- 大同 (日本)元年(806年) 中衛権少将 春宮亮
- 806 - Shueigon Shosho (Lower Provincial Guard), Togu no suke (Administrator to the Crown Prince)
- 天安 (日本)元年(857年)3月、少納言を兼任。
- April 857: He was appointed to the post of Shonagon, held concurrently with his other posts.
- 前述の惟光同様、本名の判る数少ない登場人物の一人。
- As well as the aforementioned Koremitsu, he is one of the few characters whose real name is clear.
- このとき彼は、いまだ少年の髪形を結う年頃であった。
- At that time, he was still so young that his hair was done up in the style for boys.
- 少なくない写本が様々な理由により研究を制約された。
- There were a number of manuscripts that he was restricted from studying for various reasons.
- 『源氏物語』は、海外にも少なからず影響を与えている。
- 'The Tale of Genji' has had significant influence in foreign countries.
- その他、小野小町供養塔と並んで深草少将供養塔がある。
- In addition, there is a stone tower for the consolation of FUKAKUSA no Shosho, along with one for ONO no Komachi.
- 弁少将、右大弁を経て、宇治十帖では按察大納言に昇進。
- He was Ben no Shosho (Minor Captain), Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right), and then promoted to Azechi no Dainagon in the Uji jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji).
- 今少残多様ニ候得共、時分柄之事ニ條條、 能候ト存候。
- I still have some regrets about it, but it is OK if I consider the timing.
- 3月6日、従五位上に昇叙し、蔵人頭・左近衛少将如元。
- On March 6, he was promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Upper Court Rank), while retaining his position as Kurodo no to and Sakone no shosho.
- 20歳を過ぎた浮舟は、そのうちの左近少将と婚約した。
- Soon after reaching the age of 20, Ukifune got engaged to Sakon no shosho (deputy minister of the institution for guarding the Emperor).
- 923年(延長 (元号)元年)6月、神祇少祐に任官。
- June, 923: Appointed to Jingishojo (junior judge of the institution dedicated to religious ceremony).
- 光秀の長女・次女の系統まで含めれば末裔は少なくない。
- Descendants are many, if families of the 1st and 2nd daughters are included
- ホデリはしぶったが、少しの間だけ交換することにした。
- Hoderi was unwilling, but he decided to swap the tools just for a short period.
- - 訓点は図書寮本と同系統であるが、多少古態を存する。
- Kunten is in the same style as the Zushoryo version, but includes the old version to some extent.
- 大令史(大初位上相当)一名 少令史(大初位下相当)一名
- Daireishi (corresponding to Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade]) one member, Shoreishi (corresponding to Daihatsuinoge [Greater Initial Rank, Lower Grade]) one member.
- Daireishi (ranked Daihatsuinojo [Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade]): one person, and, Shoreishi (ranked Daihatsuinoge [Greater Initial Rank, Lower Grade]): one person
- 大進(従六位下→従六位上) 少進(正七位上→従六位下)
- Taijo (Senior Secretary) (Jurokuinoge [Junior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade] to Jurokuinojo [Junior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade]), and Shojo (Junior Secretary) (Shoshichiinojo [Senior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade] to Jurokuinoge [Junior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade])
- 8月14日、正五位下に昇叙し、蔵人頭・左近衛少将如元。
- On August 14, he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Lower Court Rank), while retaining his position as Kurodo no to and Sakone no shosho.
- 同14年(872年)には改めて太宰権少弐に任ぜられる。
- In 872 he was reappointed the junior assistant governor-general of Dazaifu.
- 少女(おとめ)は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名のひとつ。
- Otome (The Maidens) is the one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 草稿本と清書本が存在するが、伝本は少ないとされている。
- Although some draft-manuscripts and fair copies exist, it is believed that few original manuscripts and prints have survived.
- 933年(承平 (日本)3年)1月、神祇権少副に転任。
- January, 933: Transferred to serve as Jingi gon no shofu (Provisional Junior Assistant Director of Divinities).
- 20歳を過ぎたころに中流貴族の左近少将との縁談が出た。
- When she was over 20, she received an offer of marriage from middle-ranking nobility Sakon no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 1月7日(2月7日):従四位上に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元
- February 7: He was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) while retaining the post of Sakonoe-shosho.
- しかし、近代的な国語辞典が小型化すると出版が減少した。
- However, as the modern Japanese-language dictionaries became miniaturized, the number of copies of the setsuyoshu dwindled.
- 民間では更に少ない枚数での短陌レートが設けられていた。
- For civilians, the rate of tanhaku with fewer coins was established.
- 荘園の拡大はすなわち、国家財政の収入の減少を意味した。
- The expansion of shoen meant the decline of revenue in the national finance.
- この島津軍は少数ながら頑強に抵抗し、連合軍を挑発した。
- Shimazu Army stubbornly resisted despite having a few soldiers and taunted the allied army.
- 政治関係が少なく、下級貴族の人物伝が多いのが特徴という。
- It is unique in containing little political material, but a large number of biographies of lower-ranking nobles.
- (ちなみに年代の錯簡は後者の方が少ないと考えられている)
- (The latter is thought to have less pages chronologically out of order due to binding errors than the former.)
- 父は宮内権少輔紀有友(有朋)で、紀貫之の従兄弟にあたる。
- His father was KI no Aritomo, Kunai Gon no sho (Provisional Junior Assistant of Imperial Household Ministry) and the cousin of KI no Tsurayuki.
- 後白河法皇は少年のときより、今様と呼ばれる歌謡を好んだ。
- Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa favored songs called imayo since he was a boy.
- その結果、縄文後期・晩期には文化圏の数は四つに減少する。
- As a result, the number of cultural regions decreased to four during the end and the last Jomon periods.
- この際田村少佐は陸軍省に「生存者12名」と誤電報を送る。
- Major Murata sent the wrong telegraph to the Ministry of War saying '12 survivors.'
- 但し、大隊長で少佐の山口鋠が指揮に関与したとされている。
- However, it is said Shin YAMAGUCHI, a Battalion Commander and Major was involved in giving directions.
- 夜12時頃に、倉石大尉の一隊は山口少佐の一行と合流した。
- Around 0 a.m. the troop of Captain Kuraishi joined the party of Major Yamaguchi.
- ただ、これは同じく地理的要素を占う陰陽道とは少し異なる。
- However, this is slightly different from Onmyodo, which also tells fortune based geographical elements.
- 撃剣師範に就いていたが、表立った斬り合いの記録は少ない。
- Although he assumed the position of the grand master of Gekken martial art, there are few records of his actual fighting with swords.
- 幼少時には聡明さを見せ、また従兄弟の清氏と力比べをした。
- As a child Yoriyuki was bright, and he is also said to have taken part in a test of strength with his cousin Kiyouji.
- 晩になって管弦が催され、美声の弁少将が「梅枝」を歌った。
- At night, Kangen (gagaku piece without dance) was held, and Ben no shosho, whose voice was beautiful, sang 'Umegae.'
- 養賢は、少年期より父から金閣寺の話を繰り返し聞いていた。
- Yoken's father had repeatedly told him about the Kinkaku-ji Temple since he was a young boy.
- そして、正五位下大宰少弐に至り任地に赴きその地で没した。
- Finally he was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Dazai no shoni (Junior Assistant Governor-General of Dazai-fu offices), and he died there.
- 一方で彼の実際の行動について記録されている史料は少ない。
- However, there is only a few historical records on his actual conducts.
- 大国主と少名毘古那は協力して葦原中国の国づくりを行った。
- Okuninushi and Sukunabikona cooperated toward the development of Ashihara no nakatsukuni.
- 逍遥はかねて『遊学八少年』という戯作の構想を抱いていた。
- Shoyo had had the idea of writing a gesaku (literary work of a playful, mocking, joking, silly or frivolous nature) called 'Yugaku hasshonen' (literally, eight young men studying away from their home).
- 浅羽民部少輔は持氏の側近・浅羽下総守の一族と推定される。
- It is assumed that Asaba Minbu shoyu belonged to the same family as Mochiuji's close advisors, Asaba Shimosa no kami (the governor of Shimosa Province).
- 単に「朱印」と呼ぶことは少なく、通常は「御朱印」と言う。
- It is usually called 'goshuin' instead of 'shuin' without a prefix.
- 少なくとも銘文にある徐州を呉の領域であるなどとはいえない。
- Xuzhou, at least, which is inscribed on one of the mirrors, cannot be said to have been one of the territories of Wu.
- 「清少納言と言うのはとても偉そうに威張っている人である。」
- Sei Shonagon is a woman who assumes an air of importance.'
- 大進(従六位従六位相当)一名 少進(従六位従六位相当)二名
- Taijo (Senior Secretary) (corresponding to Jurokui [Junior Sixth Rank]) one member and Shojo (Junior Secretary) (corresponding to Jurokui [Junior Sixth Rank]) two members.
- 朝鮮半島においては、歴史的に「天下」の用例は極めて少ない。
- On the Korean Peninsula, the term 'Tenka' was seldom used historically.
- 雑分はほとんどが銅であるが、少量の鉛、ビスマスなどを含む。
- Most of the miscellaneous part was bronze, but small amount of lead and bismuth was included as well.
- Most part of the miscellaneous was bronze, but also included a small amount of lead, bismuth, and so on.
- 縄文時代の縄文土器と比べて装飾が少ないとしばしばいわれる。
- Yayoi earthenware is often described as less decorative compared to Jomon earthenware.
- 近畿地方は札遣いの中心地であり、旗本の知行地も少なくない。
- The Kinki region was at the center of the location where the Satsu-tsukai (Han-satsu) was used, and not a few chigyo-chi territories of Hatamoto existed there as well.
- 少年は美しい声と姿をもつが、それは「時分の花」に過ぎない。
- Boys have a melodious voice and beautiful figure, but they are merely 'Jibun no Hana' (the Flower of the moment).
- さらに北九州の少弐資元らとも戦い、有利に戦況を進めている。
- He also gained favorable results in his battle with Sukemoto SHONI of northern Kyushu.
- 匡衡は紀伝道を学び、天延元年に少試に合格して文章生となる。
- After learning Kidendo (subject of history (Chinese history)), he passed the Shoshi test and became Monjosho (a student of poem and history) in 974.
- しかし、楠木正成の配下になり河内に残った一族も少なくない。
- However, there were also a quite a few members who remained in Kawachi under the control of Masashige KUSUNOKI.
- 卒都婆小町 自然居士 (能) 四位の少将 以上、観阿弥作。
- Sotoba Komachi, Jinen Koji and Shii no Shosho by Kanami.
- しかし、そこに現われた貴公子、近衛府の少将道頼に見出された。
- However, she was found by a young noble, Michiyori, who was Konoe no shosho (Minor Captain of the Palace Guards).
- 滝口武者から馬寮、右衛門少尉となり、その後、検非違使を兼任。
- From Takiguchi no musha (samurai guards of the Imperial Residence), he was promoted to Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses), Uemon no shojo, and then he served concurrently as kebiishi (a police and judicial chief).
- 水野祐の学説は当時の学界で注目はされたが賛同者は少なかった。
- In those days there were not many scholars who agreed with the theory of Yu MIZUNO although it drew attention among the academic community.
- 山口少佐の死因については、公式発表では心臓麻痺となっている。
- His cause of death was cardiac failure in the official announcement.
- このとき、景勝は正親町天皇に拝謁して右近衛少将に任じられた。
- Concurrently, Kagekatsu had an audience with the Emperor Ogimachi and was appointed to the post of Ukone no Shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 1303年(乾元_(日本)2)1月20日、左近衛少将に遷任。
- On January 20, 1303, he was appointed as Sakon-e-no-Chujo (lowest general of Sakon-e-fu).
- 833年(天長10年)2月、左近衛少将に転任し、加賀守如元。
- In February 833, he was assigned as Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), while remaining as Kaga no kami.
- 将来は槍術で身を立てようと少年時代から槍の稽古に励んでいた。
- Intending to make a career in the art of the spearmanship, he began training in the skills when he was a boy.
- 他に少数意見として、細川幽斎や織田信忠が黒幕という説もある。
- One of other minor opinions is a theory that Yusai HOSOKAWA and Nobutada ODA were brains.
- 父は蔵人右少弁・贈内大臣の日野重政、母は従三位の北小路禅尼。
- Her father was Shigemasa HINO, who was given the titles of Kurodo-Ushoben and, after his death, Naidaijin from the Imperial court, and her mother was Kitanokoji-Zenni, who was given the title of Jusanmi from the Imperial court.
- しかし、画題の簡略化に伴って減少し、現在では百余種とされる。
- However, with the simplification of the subjects, there has been a decline, and now it is said that there are over 100 kinds of subjects.
- 多武峯少将物語(とうのみねしょうしょうものがたり)は、物語。
- Tonomine Shosho Monogatari (The Tale of the Lesser Captain of Tonomine) is a story.
- そんな「私」が過去を思い出しながらまずは幼少期から書き出す。
- Thinking back on the past, I started with reminiscing about my childhood.
- 本陣はそこから少し後方の六条に将軍足利義晴自らが陣をしいた。
- Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA established headquarters in Rokujo, which was at a small distance from the river.
- 分家も少なくないが、江戸幕府の幕臣川勝氏がよく知られている。
- Among their many branches, the Kawakatsu clan vassals who served the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) are well known.
- 金蒔絵の箱に入っており箱には金象嵌で『清少納言枕草子』とある。
- It is preserved in a box of gold-lacquered craft, and on its surface are the characters '清少納言枕草子 (Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book)' in gold incrustation.
- だが、院政期に入ると摂関家が弱体化して受領家司は減少していく。
- However, in the Insei period (period of the government by the retired Emperor), the Sekkan-ke weakened, which made the number of Zuryo Keishi decrease.
- 深養父・元輔・清少納言はともに小倉百人一首に歌を採られている。
- The Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets includes poems of Fukayabu, Motosuke, and Sei Shonagon.
- そのため残存数が少なく比較的高価なプレミアで取引をされている。
- The remaining currency is small in number, and these notes are treated at relatively high prices with premium,
- 水戸藩には大友即位説に反対する史官もいたが、少数だったらしい。
- Few chroniclers opposed to the Otomo enthronement theory in the Mito Province.
- 村上一等軍医、三神少尉、下士卒60名の救援隊は屯営を出発した。
- The rescue team consisted of First army surgeon Murakami, Junior Lieutenant Mikami and 60 noncommissioned officers, started off the barrack.
- このようにして、少ない正貨の準備金を運用してこれを増加させた。
- In this way, the proceeds were increased by utilizing the small amount of the reserves in the form of specie.
- 中宮少進(しょうじょう、「しょうしん」とも言う。)は定員2名。
- Chugu shojo (or 'shoshin') (junior secretary of the Consort's Household office): two persons.
- 955年(天暦9)1月7日、従四位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。
- On January 7, 955, he was promoted to Jushiinoge and retained his position as Sakone no shosho.
- 1229年(寛喜4年)1月30日 (旧暦)、右近衛少将に任官。
- On January 30, 1229, he was appointed as Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 熊野古道を現海南市に少し入ったそばのクモ池周辺が戦場になった。
- The area around Kumo-ike Pond off Kumanokodo Road a little into the present Kainan City turned into a battlefield.
- しかし幼少のため、しばらくは縁戚である松平乗保の後見を受けた。
- However, he was very young at that time and a relative of his, Noriyasu MATSUDAIRA, acted as his guardian for a while.
- そうなったら、あなたは少しくらいは不憫に思ってくれるだろうか。
- If such should be my fate, would you pity me a little in your thoughts?
- 三原王の孫に清原夏野、また、子孫に清原深養父・清少納言がいる。
- A grandson of Prince Mihara was KIYOHARA no Natsuno, and his descendants include KIYOHARA no Fukayabu and Sei Shonagon.
- 12月16日(1853年1月25日)、左近衛権少将に転任する。
- December 16 (January 25, 1853): Transferred to Sakonoe-gon-shosho.
- 山田風太郎『室町少年倶楽部』(文藝春秋/文春文庫、1995年)
- Muromachi-Shonen-Kurabu, Futaro YAMADA (Bungeishunju Ltd./Bunshun Bunko, 1995)
- 'Muromachi Boys Club' by Futaro YAMADA, Bungei Shunju/Bunshun Bunko, 1995.
- 9月4日 (旧暦)(9月29日):京職を兼任し、左近衛少将如元
- September 29: He was also assigned as Kyoshiki (police chief of Kyoto) and retained the position of Sakonoe-shosho.
- 財産の多少と欲望の関係、および安楽死の是非をテーマとしている。
- The theme of the story is a relation between the amount of property and desire, as well as the rights and wrongs of euthanasia.
- しかし、守護請が荘園・公領の減少をもたらしたことは間違いない。
- However, without a doubt the number of shoen and koryo decreased due to Shugouke.
- 中でも最も有名なのが枕草子作者の清少納言に対する、(以下、意訳)
- Above all, a comment about Sei Shonagon, the author of The Pillow Book, is the most famous (the following is a free translation):
- 剝片から製作する磨製石器はごく少数だが、玉類などがそれにあたる。
- There is very few ground stoneware that were made from flakes, and beads are one of them.
- この時点では、比較的動けた山本徳次郎が山口少佐に水を与えていた。
- Tokujiro YAMAMOTO, who was relatively able to move, served water to Major Yamaguchi at that point.
- 1人で青森に向かう途中、神成大尉、鈴木少尉、及川伍長らと出会う。
- He joined Captain Kannari, Junior Lieutenant Suzuki and Corporal Oikawa while going toward Aomori alone.
- この進言に基づき山口少佐が独断により佐藤特務曹長の言を採用した。
- On receiving this news, Major Yamaguchi adopted Sergeant Major Sato's offer on his own authority.
- 作品は、山水画は少なく、濃彩の花鳥画、とくに鶏の絵を得意とした。
- There are not many landscape paintings, but he painted vivid pictures of flowers and birds; his paintings of fowls show particularly outstanding work.
- 1448年(文安5)1月5日、正五位下に昇叙し、蔵人右少弁如元。
- February 18, 1448: He was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), while remaining as Kuraudo and Ushoben.
- 1307年(徳治2)11月1日、左少弁を辞任し、弾正大弼に転任。
- On November 1, 1307, he resigned as Sashoben and he was appointed as Danjo-Daihitsu (vice general of Danjodai).
- 幼少時から吉田光由の『塵劫記』を独学し、さらに高度な数学を学ぶ。
- Starting in his childhood, he taught himself mathematics by studying Mitsuyoshi YOSHIDA's 'Jinkoki,' continuing his studies into even more advanced mathematics.
- 従って、外記局を管轄する少納言が持つ太政官の官印は押印されない。
- Therefore, kansenji was not sealed with the official stamp of daijokan that a shonagon, who administered the gekikyoku, had in his hand.
- 清少納言の『枕草子』とあわせて日本三大一覧歴史・風刺とも呼ばれる。
- Together with 'The Pillow Book' written by Sei Shonagon, these works are called the three Japanese major lists, histories and satires.
- それは、母音および撥音が音の一単位としては少々短いためと思われる。
- This is probably due to the fact that vowels and hatsuon were considered a bit too short to be counted as a separate syllable.
- 881年(元慶5)2月15日、文章得業生となり、讃岐権少目に任官。
- February 15, 881: He was chosen as a monjo tokugosho (distinguished student of literature), and appointed a deputy lesser sakan (officer) of Sanuki Province.
- また、古代朝鮮語および漢字に起源を求める論者も少数ながら存在した。
- Besides, there are a few advocates who try to seek the origin in the ancient Korean and Chinese characters.
- 後期になると東北から中央高地の遺跡は、少数で小規模になり分散する。
- In the end period, the remains found in Tohoku and the central highlands region are few, smaller, and scattered.
- (『上宮聖徳法王帝説』によれば、少治田天皇御世乙丑年(605年)。
- (According to 'Jogu Shotoku Hoteisetsu' [Biography of Shotoku Taishi], it was established in 605.)
- なお、中期後半以降は受傷人骨や切先が棺内から出土する例は減少する。
- Excavation of human bones with trauma and tips of weapons in the coffin decreased on and after the latter half of middle period.
- この際に救出された山口少佐も病院に収容されたが2月2日に死亡した。
- Major Yamaguchi, who was also rescued then, was taken to a hospital and died on February 2.
- が、少なくても平安時代以前にこうした事件があったとする記録はない。
- However, before the Heian period no record of such a matter was found.
- 万延元年(1860年)12月29日 (旧暦)、右近衛権少将に転任。
- February 8, 1861: He was reassigned as Ukone no Gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 娼妓が大多数を占め、芸妓が少数いたが昭和初期には既に消滅している。
- The largest number of women working in Shichijo-shinchi were prostitutes and a small number of geisha girls were there, but in the early Showa period, there were no geisha girls.
- 少なくても室町幕府創設期の40年間以上は存続したと考えられている。
- It is thought that it lasted for at least forty years or more at the early stage of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 実際、御朱印帳を普段は神棚や仏壇に上げているという人も少なくない。
- In fact, quite a lot of people keep their goshuin-cho at a household Shinto alter or a Buddhist alter.
- ただし、未発見の作者付に拠ったらしい少数の曲については参考になる。
- It has, however, become a reference for the small number of songs that appear to have been written by lost and unknown sakushazuke.
- それだけに写本は江戸時代のものが多く、室町時代のものは非常に少ない。
- Therefore most of the manuscripts were created during the Edo period, and the ones transcribed during the Muromachi period were few.
- 近年、その死因について多くの説が立てられている山口鋠少佐(大隊長)。
- There have been many theories about the cause of death of Major Shin YAMAGUCHI in recent years.
- 兵部の少輔:右近の少将の母方の親戚である治部卿(じぶきょう)の息子。
- Hyobu no Shoyu: A son of Jibukyo, who was a maternal relative of Ukon no Shosho
- 蔵人少将はその姿を垣間見て、ますます大君への思いを募らせるのだった。
- Kurodo no Shosho saw this and felt his feelings for Oigimi deepen.
- 麻紙は経典の書写に多く用いられ、和歌集の料紙として用いた例は少ない。
- Hemp paper was often used to transcribe Buddhist sutras, but cases where it was used for waka anthologies are few and far between.
- しかし、以前と比べると少数ではあるが、現在も存在するのは事実である。
- Although the number of poorly-fed children is fewer than before, it is true that they still remain today.
- 少しもそむけ候えば、たちまち身のさわりをなす仁にて候」と夫々評した。
- If he turns his face away even a little, the government will go wrong in a whisk.'
- 952年(天暦6)1月7日、正五位下に昇叙し、蔵人・左近衛少将如元。
- On January 7, 952, he was promoted to Shogoinoge and retained his positions as Kurodo and Sakone no shosho.
- 1413年(応永20)、1月5日、従四位上に昇叙し、右近衛少将如元。
- On January 5, 1413, he was promoted to Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and retained his position as Ukone no shosho.
- 幼少より踊りに専念し、父志賀次の芸風を確立して、坂東流の一派とした。
- She devoted herself to a dance from her childhood, and established the style of performance of her father, Shigaji, to make it a sect of Bando school.
- 幼少の頃より、長宗我部元親の子で叔父の長宗我部右近大夫に養育された。
- From his childhood, he was nurtured by Ukon daibu CHOSOKABE who is a child of Motochika CHOSOKABE and his uncle.
- 一般には小笠原少斎の名で、細川ガラシャを介錯した人物として知られる。
- Hidekiyo was generally known by the name Shosai OGASAWARA and as a person who assisted Hosokawa Garasha in dying.
- まだ9歳と幼少であったため、良房の先例に従い基経は摂政に任じられた。
- As the Emperor was only 9 years old at the time, Mototsune was named Sessho (regent), following the precedent set by Yoshifusa.
- 孝謙上皇は直ちに授刀衛の少尉坂上苅田麻呂と将曹牡鹿嶋足を出動させる。
- The Retired Emperor Koken immediately sent Jr. Lieutenant SAKANOUE no Karitamaro and Shoso OSHIKA no Shimatari of Jyutoei (Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 九州に入った小碓命は、熊襲建の新室の宴に美少女に変装して忍び込んだ。
- Coming to Kyushu, Ousu no Mikoto disguised himself as a beautiful girl and slipped into the banquet celebrating Kumaso Takeru's newly-built dwelling.
- 9月20日 (旧暦)(10月15日):従三位に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元
- October 15: He was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), retaining the position of Sakonoe-shosho.
- その後、少なくとも1902年までは祥雲寺にあったことがわかっている。
- The picture was kept in the temple at least until 1902.
- 幼少の頃、源氏に見出されて養育され、葵の上亡き後、事実上の正妻となる。
- When she was a child she was discovered and brought up by Genji, but after the death of Aoi no Ue she becomes a virtual wife of Genji.
- 2歳年上の従姉である内大臣の娘雲居雁と幼少の頃恋をし、のち夫人とする。
- He grows to love his two-year-older cousin Kumoi no Kari, a daughter of Naidaijin, and eventually he marries her.
- 落窪を虐待し、四の君を右近の少将に嫁がせようとするが、すべて失敗する。
- She ill-treated Ochikubo and tried in vain to make Yon no Kimi (fourth daughter) marry Ukon no Shosho.
- あらすじ:姉妹の姫君にそれぞれ通って相婿となっている二人の少将がいた。
- Story line: Two major generals are brothers in law, married to sisters, and are commuting husbands.
- 歌合を少なくとも3回開催し、また「古今和歌集」の撰者らと交流があった。
- He organized and held at least three poetry contests, and enjoyed friendly relations with the compilers of the 'Kokinshu' (Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times).
- 風流才子としての説話が残り、清少納言と交際関係があったとも伝えられる。
- The surviving accounts of his life describe him as a talented man of great refinement, and he is thought to have had a love affair with Sei Shonagon (author of The Pillow Book).
- なお、便奏が裁可されない場合には奏官である少納言が「勅処分」と記した。
- When a Binso document was not approved by the Emperor, Shonagon (the Minor Councilor of State) who drafted the document would write on it 'the Emperor ordered disposal of this document.'
- 小判師の験極印一個のみで吹所の験極印が打たれていないものも少なくない。
- Many kobans have only one test hallmark of Kobanshi without that of Fukisho.
- 中務少輔の時代に京都・伏見の淀川支流の島のような場所に下屋敷を構えた。
- In his Nakatsukasa Shoyu days, he had a second villa in Fushimi, on something similar to an island in a tributary of Kyoto's Yodo-gawa River.
- 上野国権大掾、上総国権大掾と地方官を歴任し、正六位上・治部少丞に至る。
- He successively filled various local government posts such as Kozuke no kuni Gon no Daijo (Acting Senior Secretary of Kozuke Province) and Kazusa no kuni Gon no Daijo (Acting Senior Secretary of Kazusa Province), and ended as Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade), Jibu shojo (Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Civil Administration).
- ただし、人麻呂の恋歌的表現は共寝をはじめ非常に性的な表現が少なくない。
- However, extremely sexual expressions are not uncommon in Hitomaro's love poems, starting with sleeping with someone.
- 992年(正暦3年)文章生(もんじょしょう)となり、弾正少忠となった。
- In 992, he became monjosho (a student of literary studies in the Imperial University) and then Danshoshochu (judge of inspection and police ministry).
- 10月15日 (旧暦)(11月19日):左近衛少将に転任し、少納言如元
- November 19: He was transferred to Sakonoe-shosho and retained the position of Shonagon.
- 義仲は平氏との戦いを切り上げて、閏10月15日に少数の軍勢で帰京する。
- Yoshinaka brought the war with the Taira clan to an end and returned to Kyoto with a small number of troops on December 8.
- 特に平安期から鎌倉期にかけては女子の名を系図等に記すことが少なかった。
- From the Heian period to the Kamakura period, women's names were rarely listed in genealogy, etc.
- であり、少数の上兵(騎馬武者)を除けば、ほとんど烏合の衆と変わらない。
- As a result, they were similar to rabble except for a few johei (upper class soldiers) (cavalry busha).
- 関ヶ原の戦いでは上田城などと共に、数少ない激しい城の攻防戦が行われた。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara, a few of the fierce battles were fought over Otsu-jo Castle as well as Ueda-jo Castle or other castles.
- こうした兵農分離政策は江戸時代に一層強化され身分の移動は少なくなった。
- These policies which separated warriors and peasants were further enforced in the Edo period, and social mobility was reduced as a result.
- そのため、卑弥呼の親族で13歳の少女だった壹与(台与)が王に立てられた。
- As a result, Iyo (壹与 [台与]), a 13-year-old girl who was a relative of Himiko, was appointed as queen.
- 妻の自覚が無い三の君に愛想を尽かし、後に右近の少将の妹(中の君)と結婚。
- He was disgusted with San no Kimi, who was not prepared to be a wife, and married a younger sister (Naka no Kimi) of Ukon no Shosho later.
- 特に遺跡密度が高いのは北海道と九州で、近畿地方では遺跡数が極端に少ない。
- The density of the remains is especially high in Hokkaido and Kyushu regions, while their number is extremely low in the Kinki region.
- この少し前、孝高は高山右近らの勧めによってキリスト教の洗礼を受けていた。
- Not long before that time, Yoshitaka was baptized as a Christian at the suggestion of Ukon TAKAYAMA.
- 貞観3年(861年)1月8日、従四位下に昇叙し、蔵人頭・左近衛少将如元。
- On February 25, 861, he was promoted to the court rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and retained the positions of Kurodo no to and Sakone no shosho.
- 両者の間には「帚木」巻から「少女」巻までの間に1年の「ずれ」が存在する。
- Between these chronologies, there is a one-year 'gap' between the 'Hahakigi' and 'Otome' chapters.
- このため少庵の興した分家である京千家の系統(三千家)のみが現在に伝わる。
- Therefore only the branch families of Kyo-Senke called the three SEN families survive today.
- 9月26日 (旧暦)(10月21日):左近衛少将を止むが、帯剣を許される
- October 21: His position as Sakonoe-shosho ended, but he was permitted to wear a sword on his belt.
- イスラームの預言者ムハンマドも9歳の少女アーイシャと性行為を行っている。
- The prophet Muhammad of Muslim had intercourse with 9-years-old girl, Aisha.
- ストーリーの展開の通俗性が強調され、真剣に検討されることは少なくなった。
- Because the mediocrity of the plot development of this novel became the point of focus, this novel has been no longer treated seriously since then.
- 平頼綱は、時宗を継いだ年少の北条貞時を補佐し、得宗専制の強化に尽力した。
- TAIRA no Yoritsuna supported the young Sadatoki HOJO, who succeeded Tokimune, and tried hard to strengthen the Tokuso autocracy.
- あらすじ:蔵人少将は、偶然ある姫君とその腹違いの姉が貝合をすることを知る。
- Story line: Kurodo no Shosho (major general) finds out by chance that a princess and her half sister play kaiawase.
- そして乳母の夫太宰少弐が死去した後上京できぬまま、既に20歳になっていた。
- Subsequently, her wet nurse's husband, Dazai no Shoni (junior assistant governor of Dazaifu, local government office in Kyushu region), passes away, and she has been stuck there, not being able to return to Kyoto, while turning twenty.
- それから少し経ち、奈良盆地に大王陵クラスの大型前方後円墳の建設が集中した。
- Later, large keyhole-shaped mounds, which were about same size as an okimi ryo (great king's or Emperor's tomb), were constructed in the concentrated regions of the Nara Basin.
- 政府内外から反対意見が提出されたが、政府はその説を少数とみて採らなかった。
- People inside and outside government presented dissenting opinions, but the government did not accept them because they were a minority.
- 山口少佐がいる川岸の場所と、倉石大尉らのいる場所の二つに別れて兵士がいた。
- There were two places where divided soldiers stayed; the one place was on the riverside, where Major Yamaguchi stayed and the other was where Captain Kuraishi stayed.
- 少し軽薄な性格であったようで、小式部内侍にやり込められた逸話が残っている。
- There is an anecdote about him in which he was ridiculed by KOSHIKIBU no Naishi for being a little frivolous.
- 仁和2年(886年)、讃岐守を拝任、式部少輔兼文章博士を辞し、任国へ下向。
- In 886, he was appointed Governor of Sanuki Province, and therefore resigned from his positions of Shikibu-shoyu and Monjo Hakase, and moved to Sanuki.
- 1328年(嘉暦3)、1月5日、正四位下に昇叙し、右近衛少将・武蔵介如元。
- January 5, 1328, promoted to the Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) with Ukon e no Shosho and Musashi no suke unchanged.
- 天応2年(782年) 甲斐守、左衛門佐、中衛少将、越前守、内蔵頭、刑部卿。
- 782: Kai no Kami (Governor of Kai), Saemon no suke (Assistant Captain of the Left Gate Guards), Chue no shosho (Minor Captain of the Inner Palace Guards), Echizen no Kami (Governor of Echizen), Kura no Kami (Governor of Kura) and Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice).
- 加賀掾・修理少進を歴任したのち、961年(応和元年)に従五位下に叙された。
- He served as Kaga no jo (the third officer of regional administration in Kaga) and Shurishikishojo (officer of department for building and maintenance of facilities), then in 961, he was conferred Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.)
- 11月18日 (旧暦)(12月21日):従四位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。
- December 21: He was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained the position of Sakonoe-shosho.
- 偽籍が横行したため、女性と偽った口分田所有者が増え租の収入は減少していた。
- False registering was rampant, and with the increase of owners of kubunden (rice fields given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system) who falsely registered themselves as women, revenue from rice tax dropped.
- この勝利に勢いづいた少弐氏は逆に大宰府に侵攻するなど一時勢力を回復させた。
- The Shoni clan increased its momentum after this victory and recovered its strength by invading Dazaifu.
- このため、幼少の秀行に代わって蒲生家の政務を執行する補佐役が必要となった。
- Thus there was a need for a guardian who would carry out the political duties of the Gamo family in place of the young Hideyuki.
- 紫の上の少女時代を「若紫」と呼ぶことがあるが、作中でこう記されることはない。
- Sometimes Murasaki no Ue in her girlhood is called 'Wakamurasaki,' but it is not mentioned in the tale this way.
- 朝鮮側の姿勢を少しでも和らげようと花房が持ち出したのが『万国公法』であった。
- Hanabusa was trying to persuade the Korean side and introduced 'Bankoku Koho.'
- 嘉禄元年(1226年)1月27日 (旧暦)、正五位下に叙し、近衛少将に任官。
- January 27, 1226, admitted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and made Konoe no shosho (Minor Captain of the Palace Guards).
- 明治元年(1868年)に参与・内国事務局権判事に任命され、同2年少弁となる。
- In 1868 Takanaka was appointed Councilor (which is called 'sanyo' in Japanese) and Assistant Judicial Officer (which is called 'gonhanji' in Japanese) of the Department of Home Affairs (which is called the 'naikoku jimu kyoku), and became a Minor Controller (which is called 'shoben' in Japanese based on the ritsuryo system) in 1869.
- 軍記物としては文学的な潤色も少なく全体に公平な立場から実録的に書かれている。
- It is considered a true record of war which was written fairly without much embellishment.
- なお、後述の源良清と並んで数多の登場人物の中で本名の判る数少ない人物の一人。
- He is one of the few characters whose real name is clear, in addition to MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo, who is mentioned later.
- 孫(子とする説もある)に清原元輔、曾孫(孫とする説もある)に清少納言がいる。
- KIYOHARA no Motosuke was his grandson (there is another theory that regards him as a son), and Sei Shonagon was his great-granddaughter (another theory considers her to have been his granddaughter).
- 大和権少掾・少内記・大内記をへて、924年(延長2年)従五位下加賀介に至る。
- After filling the posts of Yamato no Gonnoshojo (Provisional Junior Secretary of Yamato Province), Shonaiki (Junior Secretary of Ministry of the Central Affairs) and Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), he ended his career as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), Kaga no suke (Assistant governor of Kaga Province) in 924.
- ただし道安と少庵は利休死罪とともに蟄居し、千家は一時取り潰しの状態であった。
- However, Doan and Shoan were forced to seclude themselves at the death of Rikyu, and the SEN family went into decline for a while.
- 幼少時には風呂から上がると、よく裸のまま家の柱で相撲の稽古をしていたと言う。
- It is said that when he was a child, he often remained naked after taking a bath, and practiced Sumo with a pillar in his house.
- 久延毘古に尋ねると、「その神は神産巣日神の御子の少名毘古那である」と答えた。
- Kuebiko was called and answered, 'His name is Sukunabikona, a child of Kamimusubi no kami.'
- 中宮権少進(ごんのしょうじょう、「ごんのしょうしん」とも言う。)は定員1名。
- Chugu Gon no shojo (or 'Gon no shoshin') (provisional junior secretary of the Consort's Household office): one person.
- 身寄りのなくなった少女を、源氏は父兵部卿宮に先んじて自らの邸二条院に連れ帰る。
- Ahead of her father, Hyobukyo no Miya, Genji took the girl, who had lost her relatives to depend on, to his residence, Nijoin.
- 一方西日本では遺跡数が少なく定住生活が前期には已に交替している可能性すらある。
- On the other hand, there are few remains in western Japan and there is a possibility that the people abandoned sedentary life by the early period.
- また、徳川家康は少年たちによる石合戦を見に行き、少人数の側が勝つと言い当てた。
- Moreover, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA went to see ishi-gassen fought by boys and correctly predicted that the smaller team would defeat the larger team.
- 承応3年(1654年)12月に元服して正五位下に叙せられ、左近衛権少将となる。
- Motohiro participated in the Genpuku (Coming of Age) ceremony in January 1655 (December 1654, in old lunar calendar) at which time he was granted the rank of Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade Rank), and became Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- かくて、少年の日の高麗人の予言は実現を見、光源氏は栄華の絶頂に立ったのである。
- And thus, the prophecy that Hikaru Genji was told by someone from Goryeo when he was a boy came true, and he was in the height of his prosperity.
- また採用された写本に異文がある箇所でも校異が記載されていないことも少なくない。
- In addition, it was not unusual that the differences in the texts were not written down even in areas where the adopted manuscript had the differences.
- 年少より学問を好み、和歌にも秀で、「八雲御抄」他、歌集・歌学集を編纂している。
- From a young age Emperor Juntoku enjoyed learning; he also excelled in waka poetry and compiled various waka anthologies and research documents on waka, such as 'Yakumomisho.'
- 関東においては、「武家の棟梁」は、少なくとも頼朝の以前には居なかったと言える。
- It could be said that 'leader of samurai family' did not exist, at least before Yoritomo in Kanto region.
- 織田方も少なからずの被害を受け、岩倉家出身の織田信家が戦死しているほどである。
- The Oda army also suffered considerable damage, and Nobuie ODA of the Iwakura family was killed in the battle.
- あらすじ:主人公の少将は美しい姫君に恋をし、彼女が入内する前に盗み出そうとする。
- Story line: The main character, Shosho, falls for a beautiful princess and tries to snatch her before she enters the court as an Imperial Consort bride.
- これは少人数ゆえに仲間が協力し合っている点を瞬時に見抜いたからだと言われている。
- This is because Ieyasu is said to have seen through the fact that boys in the smaller team cooperated with each other well since they were outnumbered.
- 万延2年(1861年)1月5日 (旧暦)、正四位下昇叙し、右近衛権少将元の如し。
- February 14, 1861: He was promoted to the Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) while being concurrently appointed to Ukonoegonshosho.
- この研究が評価され、1940年学士院恩賜賞受賞、1943年最年少で文化勲章受章。
- This research was appreciated, with the result that he was awarded the Gakushi-in Onshi-sho (the Imperial prize of the Imperial Academy (later Japan Academy)) in 1940 and the Order of Culture in 1943, while becoming the youngest winner of the Order of Culture.
- またこの刈田行為には、敵側の収穫物を減少させる(奪う)という目的も含まれていた。
- Karita (illegal harvesting) also deprived enemies of crops.
- そのため、平家は人口が少ないところや山間部や谷間など人がよりがたい所に里を築く。
- The Taira family constructed villages in inaccessible areas such as sparsely populated areas, mountain areas or ravines.
- 2世紀のものは量も少ない上、畿内でもかなり出土しており、北九州の優位性は伺えない。
- As the mirrors from the 2nd century are small in number and a good number have been excavated in the Kinai region too, this can't be seen to indicate the predominance of northern Kyushu.
- 源順、源相方などが候補に挙がっており、巻四は清少納言が書き加えたとする説まである。
- MINAMOTO no Shitago, MINAMOTO no Sukekata, etc. have been named for candidates and there is a view that the volume four was added by Seishonagon.
- 894年(寛平6)1月7日、従五位上に昇叙し、式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- January 7, 894: He was promoted to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), while his appointments as Shikubu shosuke, monjo hakase, and Sanuki no suke were unchanged.
- これにより官印は少府の属官・符節令が管理することになり、統一した規定が設けられた。
- Because of this situation, kanin came to be managed by Fusetsurei, the subordinate officials of Shofu (a governmental title, one of nine Ministers), and the unified rules were established.
- 幼少の頃から輝くばかりの美貌と才能に恵まれ、「光る君(ひかるきみ)」と綽名される。
- Being blessed with shining beauty and talent as a child, he was given the nickname 'Hikaru Kimi' (literally, shining prince).
- 「少女 (源氏物語)」帖で落成、光源氏はここに主だった夫人たちと子女を住まわせた。
- The completion of the building and Hikaru Genji bringing his main wives and children to live there are described in the 'Otome' (Maidens) chapter.
- 巻名は宴の席で弁少将(頭中将の次男、後の紅梅 (源氏物語))が歌った催馬楽に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from saibara (a genre of Heian-period Japanese court music primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies) which Ben no shosho (the second son of To no Chujo, the first secretary's captain, later known as Kobai) sang.
- 山田風太郎『室町の大予言』(文藝春秋/文春文庫『室町少年倶楽部』収録、1995年)
- 'Great Prophecy in Muromachi' by Futaro YAMADA (published by Bungeishunju/included in Bunshun Bunko 'Muromachi Boys Club,' 1995)
- 'Muromachi no Daiyogen (The Omen of Muromachi)' by Futaro YAMADA (in 'Muromachi boys club' published by Bunshun Bunko, Bungeishunju, 1995)
- 晴明が幼少の頃、賀茂忠行の夜行に供をしている時、夜道に鬼の姿を見て忠行に知らせた。
- In his childhood, when Seimei was accompanying KAMO no Tadayuki during his night duty, he saw an image of a demon and he notified Tadayuki about it.
- 元暦2年(1185年)2月、新たな軍を編成した義経は、暴風雨の中を少数の船で出撃。
- In February 1185, Yoshitsune finished the formation of a new army, and made a sortie with a few ships in a rainstorm.
- しかし、実子秀勝は、幼少で病死(その後、秀吉は、2人の養子を秀勝と名付けている)。
- However, his son Hidekatsu died of disease in his childhood (later Hideyoshi named two adopted sons as Hidekatsu).
- たとえば九州のスギは花粉が少ないことなどが知られている(上記の県別有症率を参照)。
- For example, it is known that the Japanese cedar trees on Kyushu produce little pollen (refer to the above prevalence rates by prefecture).
- 大内氏と少弐氏とは、室町時代を通じて北九州(大宰府)の覇権を争う宿敵同士であった。
- The Ouchi clan and Shoni clan were old enemies with each other who fought over hegemony of Kitakyushu (Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region)) all through the Muromachi period.
- 病院という形式は取っていたものの、コレラは未知の病であり治療を施す余地は少なかった。
- Hibyoin was a hospital nominally, and could do little treatment for Cholera which was an unknown disease.
- 責任者は神成大尉ではあるが、階級と本来の職務の関係から行くと山口少佐は上司にあたる。
- Major Yamaguchi was Captain Kannari's boss in terms of rank and their relationship in ordinary duty.
- 年輪年代学では原理的に遺跡の年代の上限しか決定できない上に、まだ専門家の数が少ない。
- This is because not only is dendrochronology limited to determining the maximum possible age of remains in principle, but also the number of experts is still small.
- 残り4人の中から鈴木少尉が高地を見に行くと言い、出発したがそのまま帰ってこなかった。
- Junior Lieutenant Suzuki, out of the four people remaining, left the group saying he was going to reconnoiter a highland, and was never to return.
- 現在でもそのイメージで高齢者の再チャレンジの見本のように早雲を語る作家が少なくない。
- Today, this image still prevails, and many writers use Soun as an example to encourage people to take on new challenges late in life.
- 戦国時代三大美少年のひとり名古屋山三郎を小姓として寵愛したことも、よく知られている。
- He was know to have been very fond of Sanzaburo NAGOYA, one of a trio of handsome youths in the Sengoku perod (Warring States period).
- 入内計画にも失敗した内大臣は、雲居の雁と夕霧の結婚を許した(「少女」~「藤裏葉」)。
- After he failed to enter her into court, naidaijin allowed Kumoi no kari to marry Yugiri ('Shojo' (girl) to 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves)).
- そして深夜2時、暴風雨の中を少数の船で出撃し、通常3日かかる距離を4時間で到着した。
- Yoshitsune made a sortie with a few ships and arrived at the destination in four hours, traveling the distance that normally requires three days' travel.
- 明軍に優先的に食料供給が行われたことから、朝鮮軍の戦意低下は少なからぬものがあった。
- As food was preferentially supplied to the Ming troops, Korean troops ability to wage battle was quite degraded.
- (対馬藩の場合は農業適地があまりにも少なかったため、李氏朝鮮から米を輸入していた。)
- (In the case of the Tsushima Domain, lands appropriate for cropping were so scarce that they had to import rice from Yi Dynasty Korea.)
- 清少納言の名が今日まで普く知られているのは、彼女の主要な作品『枕草子』によってである。
- It is her major work 'The Pillow Book' that has made the name Sei Shonagon famous into the present day.
- 清少納言の出身階級を忘れひたすら上流に同化しようとした浅薄な様の現れである(秋山虔)。
- It is a representation of her shallowness trying to forget her original social rank and assimilate herself to the upper class. (Ken AKIYAMA)
- 享保大判の現存数は万延大判についで多いが、初期の十二代寿乗による墨書は大変稀少である。
- There are many existing Kyoho-oban, surpassed only by the Manen-Oban, although Kyoho-Obans with ink writings by the twelfth clan head, Jujo, are rare.
- 1940年(昭和15年)山岸徳平により紹介されるまでは、その存在を知る人も少なかった。
- Until found in 1940 by Tokuhei YAMAGISHI, its existence had been known to very few people.
- 母の居ない姫君の境遇に同情した少将は、こっそりと素晴らしい貝を用立てて、味方してやる。
- He sympathizes with the princess, who had lost her mother, and takes her side by secretly bringing wonderful shells.
- また、薫や蔵人少将(夕霧 (源氏物語)の五男)も大君に思いを寄せる求婚者の一人だった。
- Kaoru and Kurodo no Shosho (Chamberlain Lieutenant) who was Yugiri (Evening Mist)'s fifth son were also Oigimi's suitors.
- 登場する回数こそ少ないものの、佳人薄命を絵に描いたような悲劇的な最後が印象に残る女性。
- She did not appear so often in the tale, but her life ended in tragedy, which reminds the readers of the saying 'beauties die young,' and makes a deep impression on us.
- 絶対多数の縄文人と少数の大陸系渡来人との協同のうちに農耕社会へと移行したと考えられる。
- It is believed that history moved to an agrarian society in cooperation between Jomon man of an absolute majority and few continental immigrants to ancient Japan.
- この豆板銀は少量の量目調整用および、小額の取引用に使用され丁銀の補助的役割を果たした。
- This mameitagin was used for adjusting small amount and small trading, and played a supplementary role of chogin.
- 1882年(明治15年)には妾という存在は少なくとも法的には認められないものとなった。
- In 1882 concubines were forbidden at least legally.
- 道真は幼少より詩歌に才を見せ、貞観 (日本)4年(862年)、18歳で文章生となった。
- Michizane started to show his talent in poem reading when he was small, and became a monjo-sho (student of literature) at the age of 18 in 862.
- 貞観_(日本)2年(860年)11月16日、正五位下に昇叙し、蔵人頭・左近衛少将如元。
- On January 5, 861, he was promoted to the court rank of Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained the positions of Kurodo no to and Sakone no shosho.
- また出家から多武峰に草庵を営むまでを描いた作品に『多武峯少将物語』(作者不詳)がある。
- There is also 'Tonomine shosho monogatari' (author unknown), which describes his life from his becoming a Buddhist priest up to his building himself a hermitage in Tonomine.
- 右少将にまで昇ったものの、961年(応和元年)若くして比叡山延暦寺の延暦寺横川で出家。
- Although he rose to Ushosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), he became a Buddhist priest at the Yokawa precinct of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei in 961, although he was still young.
- 最高位は従五位上であったが、官は蔵人頭・斎院長官・左近衛少将などを経て、紀伊守に到る。
- His highest court rank was Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), while his final government post was Kii no kami (Governor of Kii Province) after he experienced Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), Saiin no kami (Secretary of the Office of the High Priestess of Kamo), Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), and so on.
- 滑稽な内容のものは歓迎されなくなり、一時期プロの作家は仮名垣魯文ら5人にまで減少した。
- The comical readings were not welcomed any more, and for a while the number of the professional writers decreased to five included Robun KANAGAKI.
- 出雲神話において大国主命と少彦名命が国造りの際に石窟を仮住まいとしたという伝承がある。
- Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) includes a folklore that Okuninushi no Mikoto and Sukunahikona no Mikoto used a stone cave as their temporary house during the development of the land.
- これらの現存部分は、筆者の平知信が兵部少輔から兵部権大輔を経て少納言に任命された時期。
- These existing sections were written when TAIRA no Tomonobu was assigned as a lesser councilor of state after served as Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War) and Hyobu no Gon no Taifu (provisional senior assistant minister of Hyobusho Ministry of Military).
- この平信兼追討の最中の8月6日、義経は後白河天皇より左衛門少尉、検非違使に任じられた。
- Yoshitsune was appointed as Saemon no shojo (Junior Lieutenant of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), Kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa on September 19, while he was in the midst of putting down TAIRA no Nobukane.
- まず結政所に弁官全員とその下の史 (律令制)、更に立会いとして少納言・外記が着座する。
- First, all of the Benkan and Shi (lower ranking official) (Ritsuryo system [a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code]) and as witnesses, Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) and Geki, sit in the Katanashi-dokoro.
- 天文 (元号)4年(1535年)には、資元は自刃して果てたため、少弐氏は一時滅亡した。
- After Sukemoto was killed himself in 1535, the clan temporarily collapsed.
- 清少納言と、同時代の『源氏物語』の作者・紫式部とのライバル関係は、後世盛んに喧伝された。
- The rivalry between Sei Shonagon and her contemporary writer Murasaki Shikibu, who wrote 'The Tale of Genji,' has been widely discussed in later generations.
- 長保2年(1000年)に中宮定子が出産時に亡くなってまもなく、清少納言は宮仕えを辞めた。
- In 1000, soon after Empress Teishi passed away in childbirth, Sei Shonagon abandoned her service at the Imperial Court.
- 晩年は摂政になった夫に省みられる事も少なく寂しい生活を送ったと言われているが詳細は不明。
- Her husband, who became Sessho (regent), did not pay attention to her, so she was said to be lonely in her later years, but details are unknown.
- また、アメリカ合衆国は米比戦争を戦っていたため、イギリスと同様に派兵は少数にとどまった。
- In addition, the United States was in the middle of Philippine-American War so, like Great Britain, they only dispatched a small number of soldiers.
- 高野山の木食応其上人は「治少(治部少輔。三成の官位)、御奉行のその随一なる顔にて候つる。
- Mokujiki Ogo Jonin (St. Ogo MOKUJIKI) said, 'As to Jisho (Jibu-Sho title, Mitsunari's title), Gobugyo can be seen as the foremost of them.'
- 紫の上も今は姫君の可愛らしさに魅了されて、明石の御方のことも少しは許す気になるのだった。
- Now Lady Murasaki is captivated by the sweet young lady, and feels like forgetting her bitterness toward Lady Akashi a little.
- 源氏の強い後押しもあり中宮に立后(「少女」)、以後の源氏のさらなる栄華へ大きく貢献する。
- Partly because of strong support Genji, she was elected to chugu (emperor's second consort) ('Otome') and greatly contributed to Genji's further prosperity.
- 『六代勝事記』の後を継ぐ形式で執筆されているが、実際には最初の2代の天皇の記事が少ない。
- It followed the style of 'Rokudai Shojiki' (war tales concerning six Emperors), but in fact, it does not have many articles about the first two Emperors.
- 「花宴」で帥宮として登場、「少女」で藤壺の兄宮が式部卿宮となった後を襲い兵部卿宮となる。
- He appeared as Sochi no Miya in the chapter 'Hana no En' (The Festival of the Cherry Blossoms) and then was appointed to Hyobukyo no Miya after Fujitsubo's brother was appointed to Shikibukyo no Miya in the chapter 'Otome' (The Maidens).
- 続いて律令制の衰退に伴う地方政治の紊乱によって算道に対する需要が減少していくことになる。
- Then, the demand for Sando decreased due to the corruption of local politics posed by the decline of the Ritsuryo system.
- しかし、武士の間では平氏からの恩賞給与に対する不満が多かれ少なかれ存在していたとされる。
- However, many samurai were more or less discontent with reward grants given by the Taira clan.
- 官戸中技能をそなえ少府・太常寺に上番するものを工戸・楽戸(工楽)と呼んで特別扱いとした。
- Those guanhu who developed their skills and were promoted to Minister Steward (Shaofu) of the Court of Sacrificial Worship were called 'gonghu' or 'lehu' (gongle) and received special treatment.
- また、随心院(京都市山科区)には、深草少将等が書いた手紙を埋めたとされる「文塚」等がある。
- Zuishin-in Temple (Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City) has a Fumizuka (burial mound of drafts for commemoration) in which the letters written by FUKAKUSA no Shosho were buried.
- それから数年の月日が流れ、薫は中納言に、蔵人少将も宰相中将に、それぞれ順調に昇進していた。
- A few years later, Kaoru and Kurodo no Shosho were steadily promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Saisho no Chujo (Consultant Captain) respectively.
- ただ、オリジナルの説話は少なく、『今昔物語集』など先行する様々な説話集と共通する話が多い。
- However, few original setsuwa tales were included, and many of the tales appear in earlier collections like the 'Konjaku monogatari shu.'
- 戒壇院、浄土堂、中門堂、唐禅院、それに大仏殿などが焼け、残った堂宇の方が少ないほどだった。
- Kaidan-in, the Jodo-do Hall, the Chumon Hall, Tozen-in, the Great Buddha Hall and many other facilities burned down, and the number of lost temple buildings exceeded that of remaining ones.
- 便奏式(少納言から提出された日常の政務及び宮中の雑務に対して、天皇に裁可を求める際の書式)
- This Article 'Binso-shiki' was put here to specify some documentary forms to seek imperial approval for daily governmental affairs and miscellaneous business in the imperial court, submitted by Shonagon (lesser councilor of state).
- 耳が少し不自由であったが、幼少の頃から勉学に励み、はじめ富岡家の家学である石門心学を学ぶ。
- He was slightly hard of hearing yet he studied hard from a young age, learning Sekimon Shingaku, which is the course of study followed by the Tomioka family.
- 義教は赤松氏との和平も兼ねて少数の側近を伴って赤松邸に出かけたが、祝宴の最中に暗殺された。
- Seeing this as an opportunity to make peace with the Akamatsu Clan, Yoshinori went to the Akamatsu residence with a few guards, but was assassinated during the feast.
- 乱後に安堵された周防・長門に加え安芸・石見の一部を安堵され、少弐氏と争い豊前・筑前を得る。
- In addition to the Provinces of Suo and Nagato, which were gained after the war, he added a part of Aki and Iwami Provinces, and gained Buzen and Chikuzen Provinces following the conflict with the Shoni clan.
- とはいえ、民間主体の社倉の存在も決して少なくなく、昭和時代まで存在が確認できるものもある。
- Nonetheless, there were more than a few shaso warehouses under the initiative of the private sector, and it was confirmed that some shaso warehouses survived until the Showa Era.
- 絵本太閤記では、泗川城(泗川古城)を守備していたのは伊勢兵部少輔定正(貞昌)となっている。
- According to Ehon Taikoki, the one that defended Sacheon Waeseong (Old Sacheon Waeseong) was Sadamasa (his name was written as 定正 or 貞昌 with same pronunciation), who had the title of Ise Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War in Ise Province).
- 主人公の官位が伝本によって「少将」「中将」「大将」と異なり、題名もそれに従って異なっている。
- Depending on the manuscript, the official rank of the main character may be shosho (major general), chusho (lieutenant general), or taisho (general), and the title differs accordingly.
- 定信の厳しい改革より、その前の田沼意次の多少裏のあった政治の方が良かったことを風刺している。
- It satirizes people who thought that old days of corrupt politics of Okitsugu TANUMA were better than the harsh reforms of Sadanobu.
- 895年(寛平7)8月13日、正五位下に昇叙し、右少弁・式部少輔・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- August 13, 895: He was promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), while all his official appointments remained unchanged.
- さらに、大勢の変化といっても少数の支配層や個人の動向に視点が集中している(福沢諭吉の批判)。
- Furthermore, although he talks about changes in the general trends, his point of view focuses on the actions of the governing classes and a few individuals (the criticism of Yukichi FUKUZAWA).
- このため貨幣鋳造量は減少し、デフレーションにより物価は次第に下落して不況に陥ることになった。
- Fot this reason, the amount of minted coin was reduced and commodity price gradually went down as a result of deflation, which resulted in recession.
- 加藤は少年・凶人〔ママ〕・犯罪者・極貧者と並んで婦人に選挙権を与えないことを「正理」とした。
- Kato considered it 'logical' not to give a right to vote to women as well as boys, berserk, criminals and the poor.
- このため、東京・大阪・名古屋などを除く大部分の都市は人口が少なく、定数1の小選挙区となった。
- This led to a situation where the majority of cities other than major ones such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya became single-member constituencies due to their small populations.
- 島津義弘は「江州佐和山の城主・石田治部少輔、太閤公の股肱の臣として、その勢威、比肩の人なし」
- Yoshihiro SHIMAZU said of him, 'As Hideyoshi's right-hand man, the power of Jibu-sho Ishida, the castellan of Goshu-Sawayama, is without parallel.'
- 実子に陸軍少将・子爵・貴族院 (日本)議員を務め、火薬の研究者としても有名な朽木綱貞がいる。
- His real son was Tsunasada KUTSUKI, who served as Army Major General, viscount and a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) and was also famous for his research of gunpowder.
- 群右衛門については資料が少なく、史実の元禄赤穂事件上ではあまり目立たない人物であるといえる。
- Since there are few documents on Gunemon, it can be said that he was in shade in the real Genroku Ako Incident.
- 12月20日、頼盛は権大納言を辞任、光盛を近衛少将に任じることを奏請した(『玉葉』同日条)。
- On January 30, 1185 Yorimori resigned as Gon Dainagon, and petitioned the Emperor for the appointment of Mitumori to the post of Konoe no shosho (Minor Captain of the Palace Guards) (see the entry for the same day in the 'Gyokuyo').
- その最も大きな原因は「少女」巻と「玉鬘」巻の接続関係をどう理解するかの違いによるものである。
- The main reason comes from differences between interpretations of the connection between the 'Otome' and 'Tamakazura' (The Jeweled Chaplet) chapters.
- 少なくても一条天皇と道長の間に敦康・敦成両親王の将来を巡る対立があったのは事実のようである。
- At the very least, it seems that there was a confrontation between Emperor Ichijo and Michinaga regarding the future of Prince Atsuyasu and Prince Atsuhira.
- これ以後は幕藩体制が確立して改易、転封は減少して大名は固定化されるようになり、幕末に至った。
- The shogunate system was established afterwards and accordingly, the application of kaieki and transfers decreased, and the allocation of Daimyo was fixed until the end of the bakufu.
- 和歌は私的に交わされる贈答歌が主となり、宮廷で詠まれることは奈良時代と比較すると少なくなった。
- Zotoka (poems exchanged between a man and a woman) became the leading style of Waka, and the number of Waka composed in the Imperial Court decreased compared with that of the Nara period.
- 倒幕派は朝命で諸藩へ上京を命じるが、政局の激変を様子見している藩が多く、応じる藩は少なかった。
- Tobakuha issued the order of Imperial court to domains to come up to the capital, Kyoto, but few responded as most of them remained watching the drastically changing political situation.
- 越後国守藤原為時の娘で、母は摂津国守藤原為信女であるが、紫式部の幼少期に母を亡くしたとされる。
- She was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tametoki, governor of Echigo Province, and her mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tamenobu from Settsu Province, but she lost her mother when she was little.
- 896年(寛平8)12月16日、従四位下に昇叙し、式部少輔・大学頭・文章博士・讃岐介元の如し。
- December 16, 896: He was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), while his four court appointments remained unchanged.
- 少なくとも延慶本の本奥書、延慶 (日本)2年(1309年)以前には成立していたものと思われる。
- It seems to have been completed at least before 1309, when the original okugaki (postscript) of the Engyo-bon manuscript was made.
- そこで同じく男爵議員の離脱による議員数の減少によって危機的状況に陥った土曜会との合併を図った。
- Then, the Independents tried to unite with the Doyo-kai (Saturday Society) that fell into critical situations due to decreasing of the number of baronial members who left the Doyo-kai.
- 貞観12年(870年)、方略試に合格し正六位上に叙せられ、翌年には玄蕃助、さらに少内記に遷任。
- In 870, he passed the government official examination and was appointed to the Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade), became the Genbanosuke (Assistant Director of the Bureau of Buddhism and Diplomacy) the following year, and later was transferred to be the Shonaiki (a position at the Ministry of Central Affairs that required excellent writing skills).
- 70歳を越えた老僧が老眼鏡も無い時代に苦労して書写した写本であり、解読に困難な文字が少なくない。
- As a monk more than 70 years-old labored to make this manuscript in an age without reading glasses, there are quite a few letters that are hard to decipher.
- 清少納言の『枕草子』、鴨長明の『方丈記』と合わせて日本三大一覧歴史・風刺の一つと評価されている。
- It is valued as one of the Japan Three Majors Lists, Histories and Satires, along with 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) by Sei Shonagon and 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) by KAMO no Chomei.
- 幼少の頃より、当時の女性に求められる以上の才能で漢文を読みこなしたなど、才女としての逸話が多い。
- There are many anecdotes stating that, since her childhood, she had had more talent for reading Chinese classics than women were required to have in those days.
- 実際に収入は年を追うごとに減少しており、三条西家の経済が崩壊していく動きを見て取ることができる。
- In fact, his income had decreased year by year, and you can see the process of the Sanjonishi family's economical collapse in the diary.
- 後村上天皇の女御であり、長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の双方あるいは少なくとも一方の生母と推定されている。
- She was the nyogo (a court title given to a consort of the Emperor) of Emperor Gomurakami, and seems to have given birth to both Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama, or at least one of them.
- これまでむしろ積極的に関与していた裁判についても自粛するようになり、次第に教案は減少していった。
- They abstained from court trials that they were actively involved in, and their teaching plan gradually lessened.
- だが、緊縮財政によるデフレーションは租税収入の減少を招くという悪循環に悩まされる(松方デフレ)。
- However, the deflation caused by the budget austerity led to a decrease in tax revenue, and he was at a loss over how to cope with such a vicious circle (the Matsukata deflation).
- 清和天皇は幼少期に良房の邸宅で育てられたので、良房を終始深く信任し、同年、再び摂政宣下を受ける。
- Since Emperor Seiwa spent his childhood at Yoshifusa's residence, he always confided in Yoshifusa and gave an edict to him to serve as Sessho again in the same year.
- 管領への就任で幕政を指導し、また幼少の足利義満を補佐して、半済令の施行や南朝との和睦などを行う。
- After being assigned as Kanrei, he led the shogunate government implementing Hanzeirei (order allowing military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) and making peace with the Southern Court while assisting the youthful Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- しかし、財産目当ての少将は浮舟が常陸介の実子でないと知るや、実の娘である妹に乗りかえて結婚した。
- But Sakon no shosho was a fortune hunter, and as soon as he knew Ukifune was not Hitachi no suke's biological daughter, he turned to her younger sister who was Hitachi no suke's biological daughter and married her.
- 藤村は巻末に「可精しく訂正」したとしているが、実際には多少の語句の入れ替えを行ったのみであった。
- Although Toson wrote at the end of the book that he had 'quite intensively revised for details', all he did was actually to change a few expressions.
- これは命中精度に劣るが、暴発の危険が少なく火縄を付けたまま持ち歩ける利点から、狩猟に向いている。
- Although the accuracy is lower, this type of gun is suitable for hunting because it has small risk of accidental discharge and can be carried with burning match.
- 『枕草子』(まくら の そうし)は、平安時代中期の女流作家、清少納言により執筆されたと伝わる随筆。
- 'The Pillow Book' is a zuihitsu essay (literally, 'random jottings'), which is said to have been written by Sei Shonagon, a female writer who lived in the mid-Heian period.
- 「賢木」と「榊」、「朝顔」と「槿」、「乙女」と「少女」、「匂兵部卿」と「匂宮」、「寄生」と「宿木」
- Sakaki '賢木' and '榊,' Asagao '朝顔' and '槿,' Otome '乙女' and '少女,' Nioumiya '匂兵部卿' and '匂宮,' Yadorigi '寄生' and '宿木'
- 幼少のころに禿(かむろ、遊女の世話をする少女)として林家に抱えられ、禿名は林弥(りんや)といった。
- As a child, she was taken in by the Hayashi family as Kamuro (a girl who takes care of prostitutes), and her Kamuro name was Rinya.
- 受容される場合には、中国側の心理的抵抗が少ないように受容対象の発生起源の偽装が施されることが多い。
- In the case where such concept was accepted, it was often disguised with respect to its origin of the object of acceptance so that mental resistance could be reduced on Chinese side.
- 倉石大尉は目の前の道が二手に分かれる場所で神成大尉、今泉見習士官、中野中尉、鈴木少尉らと合流した。
- Captain Kuraishi joined Captain Kannari, Officers Designate Imaizumi, Lieutenant Nakano and Junior Lieutenant Suzuki where the road ahead split in two.
- 自ら投げ網で魚をとるのは薩摩の下級武士の生活を支える手段の一つであるので、少年時代からやっていた。
- Fishing with a throwing net was one of the ways to support samurai in the lower grade's life in Satsuma, so had done that since he was young boy.
- 「先生と話していると清水を浴びたような心に少しも曇りない心になってしまい帰る道さえ忘れてしまった。
- When I talked with my Sensei, it felt like taking clear water into my mind, which lost all cloudiness, then forgetting the way I go home.'
- 尾形光琳の描いた松島図屏風は、宗達が描いたものを模したものであり、光琳は少なくとも4回描いている。
- Korin OGATA painted Waves at Matsushima by imitating Sotatsu's work of the same title, and he made at least four pictures with the same motif.
- 修明門を平経正・源重定、待賢門を平経盛、建春門を源頼政が警護していたものの、その兵力は少なかった。
- Although Shumei-mon gate was guarded by TAIRA no Tsunemasa and MINAMOTO no Shigesada, Taiken-mon Gate was guarded by TAIRA no Tsunemori, and Kenshun-mon Gate was guarded by MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, they were under strength.
- 源氏物語を読みふけり、物語世界への憧憬に過ごした少女時代、度重なる身内の死去によって見た厳しい現実。
- She describes her young girlhood when she had been absorbed in reading the Tale of Genji and her yearning for the world of that story, and the grim reality that she faced by the repeated deaths of her family and people close to her.
- このうち、少なくとも水上・山本小出氏、倉見小出氏、大藪小出氏が旗本札を発行したことが確認されている。
- It has been confirmed that, of them, at least the Minokami and Yamamoto-Koide clans, the Kurami-Koide clan, and the Oyabu-Koide clan issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- そのため、旗本領でも領外の藩札などが流入し、自領の経済が悪化するという悪影響が少なからず生じていた。
- Consequently, the economy in Hatamoto's territories was quite negatively affected by the inflow of Han-satsu and the like from other territories.
- 当時のファッションの先端であった呉服商に生まれた光琳は、少年時代から能楽、茶道、書道などに親しんだ。
- Korin was born into a family that dealt with kimono fabric, a business on the cutting edge of fashion, and he favored Noh, the Tea Ceremony and Calligraphy.
- 慶長年間から明暦年間までの鋳造のものには以下のものがあり、それぞれ多少の金品位の違いがあるといわれる。
- Types of oban minted from the Keicho era to the Meireki era are as follows and it is said that each coin is more or less different in its karat.
- 畿内説に立てば、3世紀の日本に少なくとも大和から大陸に至る交通路を確保できた勢力が存在したことになる。
- If you go by the Kinai region theory, you could at least say that a power which could ensure traffic routes from Yamato to the continent may have existed in Japan in the 3rd century.
- 現存数は慶長通寳よりもさらに少なく、広く流通したとは考えられず試鋳貨幣にとどまった可能性も考えられる。
- As the number of the coins in existence are much smaller than that of Keicho Tsuho, it seems unlikely that these coins were widely distributed, and it is possible that they were minted just as trial coins.
- 少年の日、高麗の人相見が彼に告げた「その身は帝王にあらず、臣下にあらず」という予言はみごとに的中する。
- When he was a boy, a Goryeo physiognomist prophesied that he would become neither Emperor nor subject, which comes true.
- その後は相模国権介、備前国守などの地方官を歴任し、昌泰4年(901年)には従五位上左近衛少将となった。
- Thereafter he held successive positions as provincial officials, including the posts of surrogate governor of Sagami Province and Governor of Bizen Province, and in 901, he was raised to Sakone no Shosho, a position of Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade).
- しかし、すでにこの頃、北条家は庶流が多く分立しており、経時の継承に対して不満を持つ者も少なくなかった。
- However, there were a number of branch families established in the Hojo clan, and many were dissatisfied at Tsunetoki's succession.
- この六角征伐により、確かに将軍権力は多少は回復され、六角氏に横領された将軍領地なども大半が回復された。
- It is true that the ROKKAKU subjugation made it possible for the shogunate power to be restored to some extent, whereby most of the shogunate territory, which had been grabbed by the ROKKAKU family, was regained.
- 性格は豪奢を好み、大饗の日に寝殿の壁が少し黒かったので、非常に高価な陸奥紙で張り替えさせたことがある。
- He had the personality of someone who liked luxury; when he noticed that his bedroom wall became slightly black on the day of a party, he had it replaced with very expensive Michinokugami (Japanese paper originally made from the fibers of mayumi (the spindle tree), and produced in Michinoku area, part of modern day Tohoku) wallpaper.
- 従四位下に上り中務少輔・安芸国守・肥後国守・陸奥国守などを歴任する一方、藤原頼通家の侍所別当も務めた。
- He was raised to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and while he held the important positions such as Nakatsukasa no Shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affaires), Governor of Aki Province, Governor of Higo Province, and Governor of Mutsu Province, he also took charge of Samurai-dokoro betto (the administrator of the Board of Retainers) of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's family.
- 『清少納言枕草紙抄』(せいしょうなごんまくらのそうししょう)は、江戸時代に書かれた『枕草子』の注釈書。
- 'Sei Shonagon Makura no Soshi Sho' is a book written in the Edo Period, commentaries on 'Makura no Soshi'(the Pillow Book) written by Sei Shonagon.
- その発端は延暦21年(802年)に明法生を増やすために算生の定数を30から20に減少させたことである。
- It began with the 802 decrease of regular Sansho students from thirty to twenty in order to increase the number of Myobosho (students of law studies).
- このため十巻本の写本には、しばしば下総本系の本を参照し、朱でその校異を書き入れているものも少なくない。
- Therefore, in not a few 10-volume book manuscripts, Shimosa book-related manuscripts are often referred to and corrections are written in red ink.
- だが、応仁の乱以後は朝廷財政の崩壊とともに朝儀は廃絶し、断絶したまま再興されない公家も少なくなかった。
- However, with the collapse of court finances after the Onin War, Chogi was terminated and many aristocratic families were not reestablished once they had no successors.
- 備中高松城は当時数少なかった低湿地を利用した平城(沼城、ぬまじろ)であり、鉄砲・騎馬戦法にも強かった。
- Bitchu Takamatsu-jo Castle was then one of the few hirajiro or numajiro (castles built on the level ground) which were based on swamps, and was suitable for firearms and cavalry operations.
- まず、官僚や軍、枢密院などの勢力と結んで倒閣をめざし、それを果たした野党が議会の少数派のままで組閣する。
- First, non-ruling parties tried to topple the Cabinet by cooperating with powers such as the bureaucracy, the military, or the Sumitsu-in (Privy Counsil), and then the party which succeeded in overthrowing the government formed a new cabinet while it still remained a minority in the parliament.
- 便奏(びんそう)とは、宮中における雑事など日常の細かな事項に関して、少納言から天皇に奏上することである。
- Binso meant for Shonagon (the Minor Councilor of State) to submit his report to the Emperor on daily affairs including miscellaneous duties in the imperial court.
- また初期においては少納言がその職掌として監理するものであったが、蔵人所の設置以降は、蔵人の職掌となった。
- At the beginning, Shonagon controlled Shoin as their official duties but after Kurododokoro (board of archivists) was founded, it became the official duties of Kurodo (Imperial archives keeper).
- 島津軍の兵力は、義弘の5千余、忠常の1千余、伊勢兵部少輔定正(貞昌)の3百余、併せて、6千3百余である。
- The military force of the Shimazu army consisted of six thousand and three hundred soldiers that included around five thousand Yoshihiro soldiers, one thousand soldiers of Tadatsune, three hundred soldiers of Sadamasa, who had the title of Ise Hyobu shoyu.
- 崩壊の最も大きな原因は、均田制および府兵制を支える主戸(戸籍に登録された戸)が急速に減少したことにある。
- The main reason for the collapse was the rapid decrease in the number of shuko (families registered in the family registry) that sustained the equal-field system and the divisional militia system.
- 剛勇で知られた義親がそれまでさしたる武名もなかった正盛に簡単に誅されたことに疑問を持つ者は少なくなかった。
- Not a few people doubted that Yoshichika who was famed for his bravery was killed so easily by Masamori who did not have such military fame.
- 貞観9年(867年)には文章生のうち二名が選ばれる文章得業生となり、正六位下に叙せられ、下野権少掾となる。
- In 867, Michizane was selected to be one of the two Monjo Tokugosho (honor student among the monjo-sho), was appointed to the Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade), and became the Gonnoshojo (Deputy Junior Secretary) of Shimotsuke Province.
- このときの家督相続には吉良親実をはじめとして反対する者が少なくなかったが、元親はそれらを全て処断している。
- Starting with Chikazane KIRA, many people were against this succession to the position of the family head, but Motochika punished all of them.
- また清少納言の手による、随想的章段を含む『枕草子』などが書かれ、随筆的文学が栄えていくことにもつながった。
- In addition, Sei Shonagon wrote 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book), which included sections of essays, helping to establish essays as literary works.
- 源氏は女君たちに薫物の調合を依頼し、雨の少し降った2月10日、蛍兵部卿宮を迎えて薫物合わせの判者をさせる。
- Genji asked his women to mix incense, and on a rainy day of February 10, he invited Hotaru Hyobukyonomiya to judge an incense competition.
- しかし、神は人を哀れみ、少しでも若返りできるよう、その時から毎年、節祭の祭日に「若水」を送ることとなった。
- However, gods pitied humans, and every year since then, they send 'wakamizu' on the day of the setsusai so that the humans can regain a little bit of their youth.
- 大量飛散の翌年は、たとえ飛散量がある程度少なくとも、症状が軽くてすむ患者ばかりではないことが知られている。
- It is known that in years following the dispersal of large amounts of pollen, patients do not merely exhibit mild symptoms even in the event that the airborne pollen level in that year itself is relatively low.
- この時期、室町幕府は幼少の将軍を擁して南朝 (日本)側と対峙している状況にあり、危機的状況に置かれていた。
- During this period, the Muromachi bakufu was facing a critical situation in its conflict with the Southern Court (Japan) even though the shogun was still an infant.
- 『三国志』(三国志)の卷四 魏書四 三少帝紀第四には、正始四年に「冬十二月倭國女王俾彌呼遣使奉獻」とある。
- According to the fourth volume of Sanshoteiki, the Wei-shu four of the fourth volume of Sanguo Zhi (the History of the Three Kingdoms), 'In December [of 243], Himiko, a queen of Wa, sent an envoy.'
- 仁賢天皇から推古天皇までは欠史十代ともいわれ、欠史八代と同じく系譜などの記述にとどまり具体的な著述が少ない。
- The generations from Emperor Ninken to Emperor Suiko is called the Kesshi-Judai (Ten Undocumented Sovereigns), and Shimotsumaki contains only issues such as a genealogy and few specific issues, as well as Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- しかし、当時は少数で院内交渉会派としては成立せず、もっぱら考え方の近い茶話会と行動をともにする事が多かった。
- However, at that time the group could not come into effect as a faction within the Diet due to the small number of members, and it was usually with the Sawa-kai (one of factions within the Diet) that had the similar points of view.
- さらに近年の放射性炭素年代測定により弥生時代の始まりが少なくとも紀元前10世紀まで遡る可能性が出てきている。
- Moreover, there is a possibility of the start of the Yayoi period going back to at least the 10th century B.C. by recent radiocarbon dating.
- なかでもヴォルガ川支流のオカ川、カマ川流域の艀で働く12~13歳の少年や退役軍人が全体の62%を占めていた。
- 62 percent of the crew was accounted for by 12 or 13-year-old boys who worked for a lighter in the basin of the Oka River and the Kama River: tributaries of the Volga River, and former servicemen.
- 三好氏は元長の嫡男・三好長慶が継ぐことは許されたが、長慶は10歳という幼少のために三好氏は一時的に後退した。
- The Miyoshi clan was allowed to have Motonaga as their heir, Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, to take over the family head; however, since Nagayoshi was as young as 10 years old at that time, the Miyoshi clan temporarily retreated.
- 京都生まれで幼少期を京都で過ごすが、少年期に東国(関東地方)に下向し、上総介氏等の庇護を受け同地で成長した。
- He was born in Kyoto and spent his childhood there, then moved to Togoku (Kanto region) in his boyhood and grew up under the aegis of Kazusa clan.
- 実父である足利尊氏に認知されず、幼少時は相模国鎌倉の東勝寺 (鎌倉市)(神奈川県鎌倉市)において喝食となる。
- He was not acknowledged by his natural father, Takauji ASHIKAGA, and when he was a child, he entered the Buddhist priesthood, becoming an ascetic monk at the Tosho-ji Temple (Kamakura City) (Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture) in Sagami Province.
- 9月11日、孝謙上皇は先手を打って少納言山村王を中宮院に派遣して、皇権の発動に必要な玉璽と駅鈴を回収させた。
- On October 14, the Retired Empress Koken quickly moved to send Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) Yamamura-O to the Chuguin Palace to collect the Imperial Seal and ekirei (bell) that were needed to exercise imperial power.
- 幼少時には、住まいが御所に近く、年齢も近かったことから、祐宮(のちの明治天皇)の遊び相手として度々召された。
- During his youth, he was often sent to play with Sachinomiya (later Emperor Meiji) because he lived near Gosho (the Imperial Palace) and because they were close in age.
- 嘉永6年(1853年)2月、家督相続を許可されたが、役は郡方書役助と変わらず、禄は減少して41石余であった。
- In February 1853, he got an order of permission of succession to a family, but the position was not different from Korikata-kakiyakusuke (government cleric of rice customs), and his salary decreased to about forty one seki.
- 作者の生石村主真人は続日本紀によれば天平10年に美濃少目となり、天平勝宝2年に外従五位下に叙されたとされる。
- According to 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), the author Oishi no Suguri no Mahito was appointed to Mino Shosakan (officer of Mino Province) in 738 and Ge-jugoinoge (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) given to persons outside Kyoto) in 750.
- 少女時代から、名のみ聞く『源氏物語』に限りない憧れを抱いて成人した菅原孝標女の日記『更級日記』が有名である。
- 'Sarashina Nikki' is a famous example of daily literature; it is the diary of the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue who grew up full of aspiration for 'Genji Monogatari' which she just heard of by name.
- 欣浄寺の池の横には「少将の通い道」とよばれるものがあり、訴訟を持っている者がここを通るとかなわないと言われる。
- By the pond in the Gonjo-ji Temple there is a 'path Shosho walked,' and tradition has it that if those who are in litigation walk the path, they will lose their cases.
- 八代国治はそれを評して「叙事は平凡にして、文章も流暢ならず、日記を読むが如く無味乾燥にして興味少なし」という。
- Kuniji YASHIRO commented, 'the description is mediocre, and the writing lacks fluency, so it is as monotonous as reading a mere diary.'
- 落窪が実家で虐待されていたことを理由に右近の少将を別の女性と縁談させようとするが、帯刀の説得によって断念する。
- Because Ochikubo was ill-treated at home, she tried to make Ukon no Shosho marry another lady, but was persuaded by Tatewaki to give up.
- 檀家少ない寺院については、10軒以下、50軒以下、100軒以下のいずれかをもって、他の寺院と合併したらどうか。
- Should the temples with few Buddhist parishioners, under conditions that are less than 10 Buddhist parishioners, less than 50, or less than 100, be merged with the other temples?
- そのうえ夜行列車の一等や二等客車は乗客が少ないことから、犯罪被害を受けても他人の助けを得ることが出来なかった。
- Also, since there were only a few passengers on the 1st or 2nd grade compartments of a night train, it would not have been possible to ask for help when a crime was committed.
- 泰時は義時の遺領配分を政子と相談し、泰時は弟たちのために自らの配分が格段に少ない案を提示し、政子を感心させた。
- Yasutoki consulted Masako about the distribution of property left by Yoshitoki, presenting a proposal that he take a far smaller amount than his younger brothers, which impressed Masako.
- 試衛館以来の近藤の同志で、近藤と一緒に上洛したという説もあるが、少なくとも、斎藤の上洛は近藤とは別行動だった。
- Another legend states that he had been a cenacle along with KONDO since the years at the Shieikan training hall, and that he had gone to Kyoto with KONDO, but in any case SAITO's journey to Kyoto was separate from that of KONDO.
- 貞観 (日本)4年(862年)に右兵衛権佐に、同8年(866年)には従五位上右近衛少将兼阿波国介に任ぜられる。
- In 862 he was appointed the Uhyoe gon no suke (provisional assistant Captain of the Right Division of the Middle Palace Guards), while in 866 he was raised to junior fifth rank, upper grade and appointed the Ukone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of the Inner Palace Guards) and simultaneously made the assistant governor of Awa Province.
- 寛平8年(896年)文章生となり、延喜元年(901年)式部少丞平篤行を問者として方略試(対策)に応じ合格した。
- He became a monjosho (student of literary studies in the Imperial University) in 896, and took Horyakushi (a test for recruitment of government clerk) (Taisaku) from a questioner, Shikibu shojo (Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Ceremonial) TAIRA no Atsuyuki to pass.
- 義経・範頼はいずれも少人数の軍勢を率いて鎌倉を出立し、途中で現地の武士を組織化することで義仲との対決を図った。
- Yoshitsune and Noriyori, both started with a few soldiers and in order to confront with Yoshinaka, they intended to recruit and organize the local warriors on their way to Kyoto.
- 上記の歌を見てもわかるように、『万葉集』に記録された東国方言には、現代の東日本方言と相通じるものが少なくない。
- As can be seen from the above poems, quite a few of the dialects of the Togoku region recorded in the 'Manyoshu' have correlations with the modern dialects found in eastern Japan.
- 更に浮浪・逃亡により持ち主不在になった土地は寺社や有力貴族の荘園、公領と化し、中央財源減少に拍車をかけていた。
- In addition, lands of absentee owners due to vagrancy and getaway transformed into shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and koryo (an Imperial demesne) that belonged to temples, shrines and the influential nobility, and thus accelerated the decrease of the central government's financial resources.
- このことがきっかけとなり、現在に至り断続的に発掘調査が行われ、城の縄張りなどが少しずつ明らかになってきている。
- The survey set off an intermittent excavation and research that's still ongoing, and the nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) of the castle and other things have come to be known little by little.
- (少なくとも現代日本語で解釈するのは学術的に無意味であり、古代日本語の音韻論を基本に考察しなければならない。)
- (It is, however, academically unsound to interpret the name according modern Japanese standards, as opposed to ancient Japanese phonology.)
- 中古三十六歌仙の一人に数えられ、42首の小柄な家集『清少納言集』(歌数は異本による。流布本では31首)が伝わる。
- She was one of the medieval 36 Immortal Poets, and her 42 poems were collected in 'Collection of Sei Shonagon' (the number of collected poems depends on the ihon (alternative version) (for example, the rufubon (type of manuscript) contains 31 poems).
- 少年期比叡山で修学したが離山、後に仁和寺に入寺し、「袖中抄(しゅうちゅうしょう)」など多くの歌学書を著している。
- As a boy, he studied in Mt. Hiei but left there, and later he entered Ninna-ji Temple, writing many books on waka poetry such as 'Shochusho.'
- 明治時代の歴史学者星野恒と原勝郎は、範囲にだいぶ隔たりはあるのだが『吾妻鏡』の少なくとも後半は日記だろうとした。
- Hisashi HOSHINO and Katsuro HARA, historians in the Meiji period, thought that at least the latter half of 'Azuma Kagami' was a diary, although the way the two defined the term was very different.
- 対策(律令制における官吏採用試験の一種)に合格した後、少内記・掌渤海客使を経て従五位下文章博士兼大内記に至った。
- After passing the Taisaku (a type of employment examination for officials under Japan's Ritsuryo system), following his posts as Shonaiki (assistant editor) and assistant to the envoy from the Korean kingdom of Bohai, he reached the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) of Monjo hakase (chief calligrapher of the court) and Dainaiki (chief editor).
- また和歌および書道の上での定家への異常な尊崇から広く分散し、掛け軸などとして諸家に分散しているものも少なくない。
- Furthermore, in terms of Teika's waka poems and calligraphy, there is a strangely strong reverence for his work, so they have spread widely, so it is not uncommon to see examples of his work mounted as hanging scrolls (kakejiku) and so forth and distributed to a wide range of different families.
- 槍先形尖頭器は、細石器が多用された時期には一時的に減少傾向をみせるが、縄文土器が出現する前後に最盛期をむかえる。
- The use of lanceolate-shaped point decreased temporarily during the period in which the microlith was widely used, but it reached its peaked around the time when the Jomon were began to be developed.
- 集治監に少なからず思想犯が収容されたことから、次第に世間の注目を浴びるようになり、強制労働的な使役は廃止された。
- Since many ideological offenders were locked up in Shujikan, it gradually attracted public attention, which resulted in the abolition of forced labor.
- 以上から、日本では権力者の強制売買による弊害は少なく、むしろ天皇の娯楽的な臨時公開市場的な性格が強いと思われる。
- Judging from the above, it is considered that adverse effects due to forced sales by the power were less, and the market was more entertaining for the Emperor as a temporary open market in Japan.
- この時点で生存者は30名で倉石大尉と山口少佐を中心とするグループと、神成大尉を中心とするグループに分かれていた。
- The number of survivors was 30 at that point and they were divided into two groups; the one was led by Captain Kuraishi and Major Yamaguchi and the other by Captain Kannari.
- ところが、天永3年(1112年)に父が蔵人所で急死したため、幼少であった通憲は縁戚であった高階経敏の養子となる。
- In 1112, his father died suddenly in the Kurodo dokoro (the Chamberlain's Office); being a young boy, he was adopted by TAKASHINA no Tsunetoshi, one of his relatives.
- 後に剃髪して少斎と号したが、その時期は藤孝と同時の天正10年(1582年)とも、慶長元年(1596年)ともいう。
- After that, he took tonsure and assumed a Buddhist name Shosai, presumably in 1582 or 1596, about the same time as Yusai's tonsure.
- (始め帥の宮、「少女 (源氏物語)」以降兵部卿宮。「蛍 (源氏物語)」の主要人物であることからこの名で呼ばれる)
- (His rank is Sochi no Miya (the Viceroy Prince) at the beginning and Hyobukyo no MIYA (His Highness of War) after 'Otome' (The Maidens), and he is called by this name because he is a main character in 'Hotaru' (The Fireflies)).
- 唯一の慰めは北山から引き取ってきた藤壺の姪に当たる少女若紫(後の紫の上)の無邪気に人形遊びなどをする姿であった。
- The sole consolation was to see a little girl, Wakamurasaki (later known as Murasaki no ue), Fujitsubo's niece whom Genji took in from Kitayama, playing innocently with a doll.
- 少し長道をして帰られて、掾(えん)などに上るときは、パァ々々云つて這(は)つて上られる態が、今でも見える様ぢや。
- Indeed, one can imagine the look he must have had on his face when he came home from a long trip, crawled to get on the En (governor general of Kakibe) and said 'ahhh'.
- 清少納言の「清」は清原氏の出自であることを示し、紫式部の「紫」は彼女の著作源氏物語の紫の上にちなむ(他説あり)。
- Sei (清) in Sei Shonagon indicated she was from the Kiyohara (清原) clan, and Murasaki (紫) in Murasaki Shikibu came from Murasaki no ue (紫の上), a character of her novel 'Tale of Genji,' according to one view.
- 天正3年(1575年)頃の寺内には少なくとも450以上の坊院があり、僧侶など五千人以上が居住していたとみられる。
- It seems that there were more than 450 priest's houses in the temple and more than 5,000 people such as priests lived there around 1575.
- 兄弟姉妹に、雅楽頭為成・太宰少監致信・花山院殿上法師戒秀、および藤原理能(藤原道綱母の兄弟)室となった女性がいる。
- She had brothers called Utanokami Tamenari, Dazai no Shokan (Dazaifu's post) Munenobu, and Kazanin Denjohoshi (palace priest of Kazanin) Kaishu, and she also had a sister who was to be a wife of FUJIWARA no Masato (the brother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna's mother).
- 少女の大伯父の僧都によると彼女は藤壺の兄兵部卿宮の娘で、父の正妻による圧力を気に病んだ母が早くに亡くなったそうだ。
- According to a priest, who was a grand-uncle of the girl, she was a daughter of Hyobukyo no Miya, an elder brother of Fujitsubo, and her mother passed away because she worried about pressure from the legitimate wife of her husband.
- 逸話としては、一説に寄れば、織田信長も、幼少時代にこの石合戦を好み、近隣の子供らを集めて良く行ったと言われている。
- As an anecdote, one theory holds that Nobunaga ODA also liked ishi-gassen in his childhood and often gathered children in the neighborhood to do ishi-gassen.
- 永徳が力を振るったこれらの代表的な事績は建物とともに滅びてしまったものが多く、真筆とされる現存作品は比較的少ない。
- Many of the representative achievements through which Eitoku displayed his talents perished together with the buildings that housed them, and the existing works considered to be genuine are relatively few in number.
- 美濃国青野原の戦い(現、岐阜県大垣市)で足利方に勝利したものの、兵力の減少や疲弊により京攻略を諦め伊勢に後退した。
- While, he won a victory from the Ashikaga side in the Battle of Aonogahara in Mino Province (Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture), he abandoned his Kyo campaign due to dwindling force numbers and sheer exhaustion, and departed for Ise.
- 作品も制作時期のわかるものはきわめて少ないが、29歳ごろと35歳ごろの2回、伊勢地方に滞在したことがわかっている。
- Only few of Shohaku's works can be dated but it is known that he was stayed in Ise region on two occasions; around when he was 29 and 35 years of age.
- このとき長慶は、河内国守護代であった木沢長政の仲介や、幼少であるという理由から許されて、細川晴元に従うことになる。
- At that time, Nagayoshi was pardoned as a result of his young age and an intervention by Nagamasa KIZAWA serving Kawachi no kuni Shugodai, he followed Harumoto HOSOKAWA.
- そのため、身分は水呑百姓であっても、例えば交易業や養蚕業を経営し、富豪と呼ぶべき実態の者も少なくなかったのである。
- Therefore, among the people whose positions were Mizunomi Byakusho, there were many rich men who engaged in, for example, trade and sericulture.
- もともと中国銭は少額貨幣だったために多ければ10万貫(一億枚)単位で輸入され、多くは貫銭として束ねたまま流通した。
- Because each Chinese coin was of small-value, these coins were valued in a unit of 100 thousand kans (a unit of bundling coins; 1000 coins/kan) (or 100 million coins) in some instances, and most of them were circulated as kansen coins or in their original, bundled, state.
- 最後に名田として成立しなかった散田であり、収穫が少なくて耕作民が雑役の負担能力に欠けていたことによるものであった。
- The last type was land called sanden (deteriorated rice fields), not qualified for myoden because farmers lacked the ability to bear zatsueki due to poor harvests.
- また金春禅竹、宮増の作として多くの曲を挙げているが、この2人については資料が少ないため、慎重に検討する必要がある。
- In addition, the book includes many works by Zenchiku KONPARU and Miyamasu but there is very little information regarding these two individuals, so it is important to exercise caution when using this resource.
- 清少納言(せい しょうなごん、康保三年頃(966年?) - 万寿二年頃(1025年?))は平安時代の女流作家、歌人。
- Sei Shonagon (966? - 1025?) was a female writer and poet in the Heian period.
- ただし、このような復興の動きがある反面、連歌を行う人口や結社の数は、俳句に比べれば僅少といえる状態にとどまっている。
- Although there is a revival movement, the number of associations and people who make renga is still small by comparison to that of haiku.
- これらは広く流通し特に銀札は江戸時代後期に流通高が減少した丁銀などの秤量銀貨の代役を務め、銀目取引の主導権を握った。
- These currencies were widely circulated, and in particular, Ginsatsu took an initiative for silver transaction by weight by acting as a substitute of silver coins whose value was determined by weight such as Chogin, which were decreased in circulation in the later Edo period.
- また、当時は医療従事者が少なかったこともあり、現代の医療水準からすれば感染者を隔離するだけの施設という状況にあった。
- From the standpoint of today's medical standard, shortage of healthcare professionals at that time also caused Hibyoin to be a facility that only quarantined infected patients.
- その結果、建設に際しての援助は日本鉄道に比べて大幅に少なく、建設費1マイル当たり2000円の補助金交付にとどまった。
- As a result, the government subsidy was very small as compared to that which was given to Nippon Railway and it was limited to 2,000 yen per mile for the construction cost.
- 一方、少額貨幣を高額貨幣に両替する場合の手数料が高額貨幣からの手数料より高くなる場合は逆打(ぎゃくうち)と呼ばれた。
- If, however, a commission for changing smaller currencies for a larger one is higher than one for exchanging a large currency for small ones, it was called 'gyakuuchi' (reverse commission).
- 官政・外記政いずれの場合も、会議開始前に少納言・弁官・外記が先に集合して結政(かたなし、文書の整理分類)を予め行う。
- Whether it was kansei or gekisei, a shonagon (lesser councilor of state), a benkan (a controller of the Oversight Department) and a geki gathered a little before the conference and conducted a katanashi (ritual for reading out bound documents on the government affairs before the actual work of the government affairs started) in advance.
- 天正3年(1575年)、名を長尾顕景から上杉景勝(一説では長尾景勝)に改めると共に、謙信から弾正少弼の位を譲られた。
- In 1575, he changed his name from Akikage NAGAO to Kagekatsu UESUGI (or Kagekatsu NAGAO, according to another view) and inherited the rank of Danjo-Shohitsu (junior assistant President of the Board of Censors) from Kenshin.
- 光琳の作品には、制作年代のはっきりわかる作品は少なく、画風や、画面に捺されている印章などから制作年が推定されている。
- Most of Korin's works do not show a definite date and the dates of most of his works are inferred from the signatures and seals on the works.
- 源氏物語においては70年余りの帝王4代にわたる出来事が描かれているが、作中で登場人物の年齢が明記されることは少ない。
- The Tale of Genji describes events during the reigns of four emperors, covering a period of over seventy years, but the author seldom specifies the ages of the characters in the story.
- 醍醐天皇朝のもとで備前権掾・民部丞・刑部少輔・勘解由次官・大学頭・東宮学士を歴任し、従五位上信濃国国司権守に至った。
- Under the Emperor Godaigo Court, he successively held Bizen gon no jo (the third officer of regional administration in Bizen), Minbu no jo (the third officer of tax and urban improvement department), Gyobu no sho (Junior Assistant Minister of Justice), vice minister of Kageyushicho, Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), and Togu gakushi (Teacher of the Classics of the Crown Prince, and got to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) Kokushi (the officer), and Gon no kami (Provisional Governor) in Shinano Province.
- 九州への西下途上、長門国赤間関(山口県下関市)で少弐頼尚に迎えられ、筑前国宗像の宗像大社宮司宗像氏範の支援を受ける。
- On his way down to Kyushu, Yoshinao (Yorihisa) SHONI came to meet him at Akamagaseki, Nagato Province (present Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture), and he was supported by Ujinori MUNAKATA, the chief priest of Munakata Taisha Shrine in Munakata, Chikuzen Province.
- 更に明の海禁政策や銀と貨幣による通貨体系の確立(銅銭の除外)は銅銭鋳造の必要性を減らし、当然日本への流入も減少した。
- Furthermore, Kaikin Policy (the policy to forbid private people to trade with foreign countries) and the establishment of a currency system based on silver and coins (excluding copper coins) by the Ming Dynasty reduced the necessity of minting copper coins, naturally decreasing the amount of copper coins that were brought into Japan as well.
- 一条方はただでさえ少ない兵力をさらに分散させてしまったため、正面から迫る倍以上の敵軍を迎え撃つだけの余力はなかった。
- The Ichijo army, which scattered their small army, did not have capacity to counter the head-on attack of the enemy force of more than double in number.
- 内検帳(ないけんちょう)は、風水害などの災害にあって収穫の減少が見込まれる地域においてその状況を調査した帳簿である。
- Naikencho was a document which reported the situation in the areas where, due to severe damage caused by natural disasters such as floods and typhoons, a decrease of the harvest was to be expected.
- 直接の政争以外はつい警戒心を解いてしまうが、もう少し注意せねばというのが有名な1200年(正治2年)4月8日条である。
- It is the famous entry dated April 8, 1200 that says people tend to relax their wariness when they are not involved in a political dispute directly, but they should be more careful.
- 公事宿の主人・下代が公事師としても活動していていたり、公事宿に雇用されている公事師(「雇下代」)の例も少なくなかった。
- There were many cases where managers and assistant managers of kujiyado were acting as kujishi, or kujishi were employed by kujiyado (雇下代).
- 江戸城という精神的支柱を失った幕臣たちの中にも、榎本の艦隊とともに北上し、戊辰戦争を戦い続ける者たちも少なくなかった。
- Among the shogunate vassals who lost their psychological 'backbone,' at Edo-jo Castle, many joined the fleet of Enomoto and went north; this allowed them to participate in the future battles of the Boshin Civil War.
- 雪中行軍隊の総指揮者は行軍隊隊長の神成大尉であるが、これに山口少佐と若干名の大尉が行軍隊付きとして同行する形になった。
- The officer in total command of the marching troop was Captain Kannari, captain of the troop, and Major Yamaguchi and several Captains came along to attend the troop.
- また、大同 (日本)3年7月26日 (旧暦)(808年8月21日)の格式によって少進・少属の定員が1名増加されている。
- And by Kyakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations [of the ritsuryo]) on August 25, 808, the fixed number of Shojo (Junior Secretary) and Shosakan (Junior Clerk) was increased by one member.
- それを防ぐための自衛策として、小藩や関東諸藩の飛び地領などと同様に独自の紙幣を発行せざるを得ない場合も少なくなかった。
- In order to prevent this situation from occurring, not a few Hatamoto territories were forced to issue their own paper money as small clans and the tobichi territories of the clans in the Kanto region were.
- 一般的に新選組幹部で一番若いと思われているのは沖田総司であろうが、最年少は斎藤である(沖田の生年については異説あり)。
- While Soji OKITA may generally be considered the youngest man among the cadre of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party, the youngest was SAITO (there are several different opinions about OKITA's date of birth).
- 奇癖として有功の家臣に蒲生姓を乱発し、家中に稀少なるべき同名衆を大量生産することがあり、前田利家にたしなめられている。
- He also had the habit of assigning the Gamo surname to meritorious vassals; it was best to have fewer family members with the same name, but he mass produced them, earning the rebuke of Toshiie MAEDA.
- その後の消息はあまり伝わらず、「竹河」で息子の蔵人少将の恋を成就させようと世話を焼く様子が描かれているのが最後である。
- Little information on her activities after that are given and the last scene with her is a description of her efforts to receive the love of her son, Kurodo shosho in the volume 'Takekawa' (literally, bamboo river).
- 1367年(正平22年/貞治6年)に、側室の紀良子との間に生まれた幼少の嫡男義満を細川頼之に託して、病により死去する。
- In 1367 (Shohei 22/Joji 6) he entrusted his heir, Yoshimitsu, who was born to him by his concubine, KI no Yoshiko, to Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, then succumbed to illness and died.
- 在庁官人には、在庁官人としての側面を持ちつつも、荘園の開発領主・荘官としての側面も併せ持つ者が少なくなかったのである。
- Many zaichokanjin took on the role of developer-landlords or shoen managers as well as that of proper zaichokanjin.
- さらに味方の援軍を断って島津家の兵だけで戦ったことにより、少数ながらも軍としてのまとまりが非常にあったものと思われる。
- In addition, since they were cut off from the supporting army of their comrades and only the soldiers of Shimazu family fought, there was an extremely strong morale as the army in spite of being small in size.
- しかし、平安時代中期になって、唐の衰退やそれに伴う遣唐使の廃止により中国の文化的影響力は減少し、国風文化の時代となった。
- However, in the middle of the Heian period the decline of Tang and abolishment of Kentoshi (the embassy to the Tang dynasty) lessened the influence of Chinese culture, and Kokufu bunka was developed.
- 「枕草紙」「枕冊子」「枕双紙」「春曙抄」とも表記され、最古の鎌倉時代の写本前田本の蒔絵の箱には『清少納言枕草子』とある。
- The title was also written using Chinese characters such as '枕草紙' (Makurazoshi Notebook), '枕冊子' (Makura Sasshi), '枕双紙' (Makura soshi), and '春曙抄' (Shunsho-sho Commentary), and the oldest manuscript (called 'maedabon' in Japanese), a copy of which was made in the Kamakura period, has a gold-lacquered casket with the Chinese characters '清少納言枕草子' (Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book) written on it.
- 事件そのものはすぐ鎮圧されたが、これ以後日本の影響力は減少し朝鮮の近代化は清朝の指導を仰ぎながら推進されることとなった。
- The incidents were suppressed soon but the influence of Japan decreased as the result, and the modernization of Korean was promoted under the instructions by the Qing dynasty.
- このほかに鋤先などの農具やヤリガンナなどの工具、鏃などの小型武器などもみられるが、大型の青銅器に比べて非常に少量である。
- There are very few, but some smaller bronze ware were also excavated, such as the tip of a spade used as farming equipment, a Japanese-style plane with long handle as a tool, and an arrowhead as smaller weapon.
- 一方、青森では帰営予定日時になっても帰営しない行軍隊を迎えに行くため、川和田少尉以下40名が田茂木野まで出迎えに行った。
- At the same time, from the Aomori side, 40 people including Junior Lieutenant Kawawada went to Tamogino to meet the marching troop, which had not returned by the scheduled date and time.
- ただし中国と違ってこのように印の現物が残るものは稀少で、多くは戸籍など公文書に押された印顆を見ることくらいしか出来ない。
- However, unlike Chinese cases, it is very rare that an actual seal still remains like this and, most of the cases, we can only see the stamp marks on the official documents such as family registration forms.
- ところが、直後に第3回衆議院議員総選挙が行われて両会派とも減少したために、民党としての地位確保のために合同したのである。
- However, in the 3rd general election of the members of the House of Representatives held shortly after that, the factions both lost seats, and as a result, they united to secure their position as the Minto.
- (その少し前、1750年(寛延3年)に三浦梅園が随筆『梅園叢書』に書いているが、刊行されたのは1855年(嘉永7年)。)
- (This anecdote was included in a series of essays by Baien MIURA entitled 'Baien-sosho' (Baien Volumes) which had been written slightly before that, in 1750, but was not published until 1855.)
- 奥書によると、浅羽民部少輔なる人物が宝徳3年(1451年)8月に鎌倉公方足利持氏の最後の日記として書き留めたものである。
- According to the okugaki (postscript), a person called Asaba Minbu shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs) scribed the book as the last diary of Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) Mochiuji ASHIKAGA in September 1451.
- 一方では独自性を保つために、在地の農業経営に専念する名主層や百姓らと連携して、国人一揆を結成する国人層も少なくなかった。
- However, not a few kokujin organized the Kokujin-ikki (union) in cooperation with the myoshu (owner of rice fields) stratum immersed in farm management, peasants and others, in an attempt to keep individuality.
- 現存する記事は長治2年(1105年)から大治 (日本)4年(1129年)年までの25年間に及ぶが、欠落部分も少なくない。
- The existing article spans 25 years from 1105 to 1129, but many segments are missing.
- 数少ない史料から総合すると、布施屋の施設は3軒から5軒の建物から構成され、救護・宿泊施設と物資庫・食料庫に分かれていた。
- Judging from an integration of scarce historical materials, Fuseya facilities consisted of three to five structures and categorized as relief stations, lodging facilities, depositories and food storehouses.
- これでも戦死者を過少報告している可能性もあるが、日本側の死者3万余との記録とも大きく食い違うため実体は今なお不明である。
- It is likely that a smaller number of casualties were reported, but in reality this remains uncertain due to the great difference in numbers for which the Japanese army proclaimed over thirty thousand casualties.
- それらの多くは政所や問注所に關係ある諸家の筆録、その他の記録であろうし、それらに政治的曲筆が入り込む可能性は少ないだろう。
- He says that most of them were written records of the various families related to Mandokoro and Monchujo, so it is unlikely to be politically misrepresented.
- これらの極印銀は『諸国灰吹銀寄』などの文献に記載されており稀少なものが多いが、その内いくつかは造幣博物館に展示されている。
- These gokuin-gins are described in such literature as 'Shokoku (various districts) Haifuki-gin Yose (collection)', and many of them are rarely found, but some of them are exhibited in the Mint Musium.
- 父の死後、頭中将(当時は少将)の第二夫人となって一女(後の玉鬘 (源氏物語))をもうけるが、本妻の嫉妬を恐れて姿を消した。
- After the death of her father, she became the second wife of Tono Chujo (Shosho - Major General - in that time), and bore him a daughter (later known as Tamakazura), but she disappeared out of fear of the lawful wife's jealousy.
- 北海道に多くの集治監が作られた背景は、出所後も現地に留まらせ、当時少なかった人口の増加につなげる思いもあったと伝えられる。
- As for the reason why many Shujikan were built in Hokkaido, it has been said that there was an intention to keep prisoners to stay in Hokkaido after their release in order to increase Hokkaido's population which was fewer at that time.
- 中期には北部九州各地で少しずつその形態を変えながらも基本的には同じ形質的特徴を共有する成人用大型甕棺が北部九州に定着する。
- In the middle period, the earthenware slightly changed its shape, but a large kamekan (earthenware jar-coffin) for adult, which had the same basic characters as previous earthware, was established in northern Kyushu.
- この点につき『学問のすすめ』や『文明論之概略』の執筆時期と重なるとはいえ、少なすぎると指摘する研究もある(戸沢1991)。
- Some researches pointed out that this number of his articles were too small even though they were written in the same period when he was writing 'Gakumon no susume' and 'Bunmeiron no gairyaku' (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization).
- これに対して天皇は改めて元田に対して幼少の児童に仁義忠孝の道徳を明らかにするための教訓書を編纂すべしとする命令が下された。
- As a result, the Emperor ordered MOTODA to compile a teaching manual for young children to promote a sense of morality in humanity, justice, loyalty to one's master and filial piety.
- 龍野藩の第9代藩主・脇坂安宅の実子・寿之助(のちの脇坂安煕)が幼少のため、安政5年(1858年)6月に安宅の養子となった。
- Since Toshinosuke (later Yasuhiro WAKISAKA), the real son of Yasuori WAKISAKA who was the ninth lord of the Tatsuno Domain, was young, Yasuaya became the adopted son of Yasuori in July 1858.
- 少外記、大外記などを経て、975年(天延3年)梨壺の五人の一人に選ばれ、『万葉集』の訓読、『後撰和歌集』の撰集にあたった。
- After filling the posts of Shogeki (Junior Secretary) and Daigeki (Senior Secretary), he was chosen as one of the Nashitsubo no Gonin (Five Gentlemen of the Pear Chamber) in 975, edited the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and selected waka for the 'Gosen Wakashu' (Later selected collection of Japanese poetry).
- そのため、ある表現で記されている人物が誰のことを指しているのかをさまざまな状況から判断しなければならない場合も少なくない。
- Therefore, there are many cases where readers have to guess which name refers to which character in light of various situations.
- (奥入に第一次奥入と第二次奥入の二つがあることなどから、現在では定家自筆本は少なくとも2種類あるとする考えが有力である。)
- (Today the dominant opinion is that at least two manuscripts by Teika's own hand existed, considering that there are two kinds of Okuiri, the first and the second.)
- 思いを寄せた僧・安珍に裏切られた少女・清姫が激怒のあまりヘビ身に変化し、道成寺で鐘ごと安珍を焼き殺すことを内容としている。
- The contents is that Kiyohime, a girl who loved Anchin, a priest, was betrayed, and she got so angry that she changed into a snake, burning Anchin to death together with a bell at Dojo-ji Temple.
- こうした事態の放置は公領の減少のみならず、荘園間の境相論を引き起こす一因となったため、荘園整理令などで度々寄人を規制した。
- This situation led to not only the reduction of koryo but also became a factor for boundary disputes between shoen, therefore yoriudo were regulated again and again by Manor Regulation Acts.
- 「その外適々不慮の前途を遂ぐる所の庄上の運上物、多少を論ぜず、貴賤を嫌わず、皆以て奪ひ取り了んぬ」(『玉葉』9月3日条)。
- People from every social standing were robbed of whatever amount of Unjomono (goods and money that are delivered to the capital) that had luckily reached Kyoto ('Gyokuyo,' entry of September 28).
- 翌3月2日、織田軍30000余は総攻撃を開始し、仁科盛信や小山田昌行らは少数ながらも勇戦奮闘し、織田軍と激闘を繰り広げた。
- On March 2, 1582, the Oda army of about 30,000 soldiers launched an all-out attack, and Morinobu NISHINA and Masayuki OYAMADA bravely fought against the Oda army, fighting fierce battles despite their small numbers.
- 紫の上の憂慮はひとかたならず、源氏自身もほんの少女にすぎない彼女に対して愛情を感じられないが、兄帝の願いを無下には断れない。
- Lady Murasaki is deeply concerned with this, and while Genji himself can't feel affection for the third princess because she is a mere child, he also can't turn down his older brother and the Emperor's offer.
- 人口が少ないことや、小笠原諸島には欧米系住民の居住などもあり、東京府による直接の行政運営がなされ、町村の設置は大幅に遅れた。
- These islands were directly administered by Tokyo Prefecture because they had a small population and because people from Europe and America lived in Ogasawara Islands, and towns and villages were not set until much later.
- 大隈や伊藤は当初、贋金貨100両に対する実際の価値を20両前後と見て、それに多少上乗せをして25両で引き換えることを考えた。
- In the beginning, OKUMA and ITO evaluated that 100 counterfeit ryo had around 20 ryo worth actually, so added a little more to this to exchange it for 25 ryo.
- 4月29日に事務局総裁に内務卿大久保利通、御用掛(次席)に大蔵卿大隈重信が就任し、大蔵少輔兼租税頭松方正義が局長に就任した。
- On April 29th, Toshimichi OKUBO, the Secretary of Interior, took office as the Secretariat Director General, Shigenobu OKUMA, the Minister of the Treasury, took office as Goyogakari (the person in charge of the command from Imperial Household Ministry) (the second highest position), and Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who was a Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of the Treasury and concurrently the Head of Land Tax, took office as Chief of Secretariat.
- 道風は中務省に属する少内記という役職にあり、宮中で用いる屏風に文字を書いたり、公文書の清書をしたりするのがその職務であった。
- Michikaze was attached to the Ministry of Central Affairs, carrying out the duties of shonaiki (chronicler), in which he produced calligraphy for folding screens used by the Imperial Court, and also reproduced clean copies of official documents.
- 幼少の頃については確かな記録がないが、陰陽師賀茂忠行・賀茂保憲父子に陰陽道を学び、天文道を伝授されたということになっている。
- There are no reliable records of his childhood, but it is said that he learned Ommyodo and was initiated into the ancient astrology from the Ommyoji father-and-son pair, KAMO no Tadayuki and KAMO no Yasunori.
- 認可の最初の年には多額の冥加を納付(初年金/初年銀)して、以後は少額の冥加を毎年納付(年々金/年々銀)することとなっていた。
- While the amount of Myoga was big for the first year of permission (shonenkin/shonengin (down payment)), a small amount of Myoga was imposed annually (nennenkin/nennengin (annual payment)).
- 室町期守護は刈田狼藉を検断する立場だったが、戦国大名は自軍勢の兵粮とする目的で敵領田畠を刈田・刈畠することが少なくなかった。
- While shugo in the Muromachi period were in a position to hold kendan for karita-rozeki, daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku period, in order to secure provisions for their armies, carried out many karita and karihata on enemy rice fields and other territories.
- 沙沙貴山君一族は、平安時代までその勢力を保っており、いわゆる宇多源氏の佐々木氏の、少なくとも一部を構成したと考えられている。
- It is thought that the family Sasakiyama gimi, which maintained power until the Heian period, was at least a part of the Sasaki clan from the Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 元寇では過重な軍役に比して所領の加増が少なかったことが鎌倉得宗への不満として蓄積し、鎌倉幕府滅亡の遠因になったと考えられる。
- Since the territory was not increased as much as excessive military services imposed during the Mongolian Expeditions against Japan, dissatisfaction built up among the samurai retainers with the the head of the Hojo clan regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which supposedly formed a remote cause of the fall of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 深草少将(ふかくさのしょうしょう)は、室町時代に世阿弥ら能作者が創作した、小野小町にまつわる「百夜通い」の伝説に登場する人物。
- FUKAKUSA no Shosho is a character who appears in a legend about ONO no Komachi, 'Coming-and-going in a Hundred Nights,' which was created by Noh authors such as Zeami during the Muromachi period.
- 姫君に仕える女房あこきが、夫の帯刀を介して姫君と右近の少将の仲を取り持つなど、当時の貴族の縁談の一端が生き生きと描かれている。
- An aspect of arrangements for marriage at that time is described vividly as Akoki, who was a nyobo (court lady) serving the himegimi, acted as a romantic go-between through her husband, Tatewaki.
- 別の言い方をすると、文人(士人)は「経世済民すべきものである」という一面的な儒教的規範を少しだけ逸脱することができたのである。
- In other words, the word Bunjin (Shijin) was able to cut itself off from the one-sided interpretation based on the Confucian model that 'Bunjin is a person who should govern a nation and provide relief to people.'
- 銭匁札自体は丹後国・播磨国・伊予国などの地域にそれぞれ独自に(少なくとも地理上の連続性がなく)発行されていたことが確認できる。
- It can be confirmed that senme-satsu itself was issued in Tango, Harima, and Iyo Provinces independently (at least they had no common boundaries geographically).
- このため、翌年にはわずか11名にまで減少してしまい、路線対立から第4議会終了と同時に残った全議員が離脱したために自然消滅した。
- Because of this, the number of members of the committee decreased to only 11 next year, and all the remaining councilors after the conflict seceded from it at the same time as when the fourth parliament was shut, and the committee disappeared naturally.
- 古くは『日本書紀』神代巻上で「少彦名命、行きて熊野の御碕に至りて、遂に常世国に適(いでま)しぬ」という他界との繋がりがみえる。
- In ancient times a sentence 'Sukunahikona no Mikoto went over to Misaki in Kumano and at last reached Tokoyo no kuni (parallel universe beyond the sea)' in the volumes of divine age of 'Chronicles of Japan' shows that there is a bridge between this and the next world.
- この説話及び『日本書紀』のスクナビコナ(少彦名)と共に病気の治療法を定めたとする記述などから、大国主は医療の神ともされている。
- Okuninushi is considered as a god of medicine and healing based on the mention of him establishing treatment methods for illnesses in this story, along with the story of Sukunabikona of the 'Nihonshoki.'
- マキノ入社直後、嵐はマキノ省三から「このなかからやりたい役を選べ」と雑誌『少年倶楽部』昭和2年(1927年)3月号を渡される。
- Soon after having joined the company of Makino, Arashi was handed the 1927 March issue of the Shonen Club (Boys' Club) magazine by Shozo MAKINO who said, 'Choose a role that you want to play from the stories here.'
- 1940年、紀元2600年記念行事の一環として、日本海軍協会、大日本海洋少年団、大阪毎日新聞社の主催で、おきよ丸が建造された。
- In 1940 a ship called 'Okiyomaru' was built by the Navy Association of Japan, Dainippon Kaiyo Shonendan (National Association of Naval Youth) and Osaka Mainichi Shinbun as a part of the commemoration of the 2600th anniversary of Japan.
- 後白河と義仲の間には緊迫した空気が流れ、義仲は義経の手勢が少数であれば入京を認めると妥協案を示した(『玉葉』11月16日条)。
- There was an intense atmosphere around Goshirakawa and Yoshinaka, and Yoshinaka suggested a compromise solution that if Yoshitsune's forces were small, he would allow them to enter the capital ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 7, 1184).
- しかし、少弐方の諸将(龍造寺家兼や馬場頼周など)が奮戦し、鍋島清久率いる赤熊軍団の活躍もあって、遠征してきた興連を敗走させた。
- However the warlords of the Shoni clan side (such as Iekane RYUZOJI and Yorichika BABA) fought bravely and Red bear force led by Kiyohisa NABESHIMA played an important role in making invading Okitsura run away.
- 南北朝時代には少なくとも旧勢力からは「悪党」と呼ばれる者の増加と参戦があり、例えば赤松円心や、楠木正成は代表的な悪党とされる。
- There was an increase of people called 'akuto' and their participation in wars during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) at least from former powers, and Enshin AKAMATSU and Masashige KUSUNOKI were their representatives.
- 当時の秋田郡周辺の人々は、越後、加賀など祖先を北陸地方に持つ人が特に多く、東国に起源をもつウジも少なくなったかったとみられる。
- Many of the people around then Akita County had ancestors coming from the Hokuriku region, such as Echigo Province, Kaga Province, and so on, and not a few of them had Uji originating from Togoku.
- 54帖より成り、写本・版本により多少の違いはあるもののおおむね100万文字に及ぶ長篇で、800首弱の和歌を含む典型的な王朝物語。
- It is a typical dynastic story that includes approximately 800 waka poems, and consists of 54 chapters with roughly a million words, although such figures are slightly different between the versions of the manuscript and the text.
- また、氷室冴子の小説『ざ・ちぇんじ!』は、とりかへばや物語を少女小説にアレンジしたものであり、山内直実によって漫画化されている。
- 'The Change!,' a novel written by Saeko HIMURO, is an adaptation of Torikaebaya Monogatari for young girls; it was also adapted as a comic book by Naomi YAMAUCHI.
- 左方に小野小町から相模までの中古歌人を、右方に式子内親王から藻壁門院少将までの中世初頭の歌人を配し、一人三首ずつ対戦させる形式。
- In this contest, the poets of the Heian period (from ONO no Komachi through Sagami) were deployed on the left-hand side and the poets of the beginning of the medieval period (from Imperial Princess Shokushi through Sohekimon-in no Shosho) were deployed on the right-hand side, and then three poems were selected per poet to have them compete against each other.
- 晩年には堺の富商である武野新五郎と知己となり、実隆が武野に歌学や和歌を指導する一方、武野からは少なからず経済的援助を受けていた。
- In his later years he got acquainted with Shingoro TAKENO, a rich merchant in Sakai, and while Sanetaka taught TAKENO the study of poetry and waka poems, TAKENO gave him a lot of financial support.
- 政権が望まない事実を削除したことは後続の『続日本紀』に例があり、まったくの嘘を創作することと比べれば抵抗が少なかったと思われる。
- It is known that the government erased undesirable facts from 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), and they seemed to consider that it was better than making up lies.
- 冷泉天皇は狂気の病があり、長い在位は望まれず、東宮には同母弟の為平親王、守平親王が有力だったが、年少の守平親王が東宮に選ばれた。
- Emperor Reizei had a mental illness which made him go mad and he was not granted a long reign; his younger maternal brothers, Imperial Princes Tamehira and Morihira, were seen as likely candidates for the Togu, and in the end the younger of the brothers, Imperial Prince Morihira, was chosen.
- また、少年であるヤマトタケルが女装する点に関し、様々な文化圏のシャーマニズムにおいて散見される異性装と相通じるものと指摘される。
- In addition, about Yamato Takeru's dressing himself in female clothing despite being a boy, it has been pointed out that this has something in common with the wearing of the opposite sex's clothes seen in the shamanism of various culture areas.
- 6日、徳川慶喜は松平容保・松平定敬以下、老中・大目付・外国奉行ら少数を伴い、大坂城を脱出して、軍艦開陽に搭乗して江戸へ退去した。
- On the 6th, Yosninobu TOKUGAWA escaped from Osaka castle with councilor Katamori MATSUDAIRA, and Gaikoku-bugyo Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, and a few others, and got on the Kaiyo warship and left for Edo.
- 義満が幼少の頃の室町幕府は吉野朝廷との抗争が続き、さらに足利氏の内紛である観応の擾乱以来、幕政をめぐる争いが深刻さを増していた。
- When Yoshimitsu was young, there were constant struggles between the Muromachi Shogunate and the Yoshino Imperial Court, and moreover, since the Kanno Disturbance, an internal conflict of the ASHIKAGA family, had occurred, the strife between the Shogunate and the Court intensified.
- ただし、改易の処分を受けても後に許され、大名本人または子孫や一族の者が小大名や旗本に取り立てられ家名が存続することも少なくない。
- Note, however, many Daimyo were forgiven after receiving the kaieki decision and continued their family line as they or some of their descendents were appointed as feudal lords or direct vassals of the shogun.
- 少しさかのぼって22日、有田郡の国人白樫氏に誘われて上方勢に寝返った雑賀荘の岡衆が同じ雑賀の湊衆を銃撃し、雑賀は大混乱に陥った。
- A little before that, on the 21st, the Oka shu (岡衆) of Saigaso who defected to the Kamigata army asked by the Shirakashi clan of Arida County, shot Minato shu (湊衆) of Saiga with a gun, which caused confusion in Saiga.
- 極めて独特な体裁をとり、先行する晩唐の詩人李商隠(字は義山)の編んだ『義山雑纂』に多少の類似が指摘されるほか、類書は見当たらない。
- Its writing style is extremely individualistic: there is no similar book except 'Gizan-zassan (Gizan Collection),' compiled by Shangyin LI (courtesy name Yishan), a poet of the late Tang dynasty.
- 12, 3歳でありながら、絶世の美少年であったため、多くの女性に恋されたが全て断り、彼に言い寄った女性は恋煩いで皆死んでしまった。
- By the age of 12 or 13 his beauty was beyond comparison, causing many women to fall in love with him but he rejected all of them and they all died of lovesickness.
- 紀貫之の『土佐日記』が書かれたのに続き、清少納言の随筆『枕草子』、紫式部の『源氏物語』など古典文学の代表作と言える作品が著された。
- During this period, works that can be said to be representative of Japanese classical literature were written, starting with the 'Tosa Nikki' (The Tosa Diary) written by KI no Tsurayuki, then the miscellaneous compositions of 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) by Sei Shonagon, as well as 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) by Murasaki Shikibu.
- これは正規の年官であった目 (国司)や史生などへの応募者が減少したことにより、そこから上がる任料収入の不足に対応したものであった。
- This was because, since the applicants for sakan (kokushi) and shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties concerning documents) of the regular nenkan decreased, rinjikyu was devised to cope with the shortage of ninryo (fee for getting an official rank) income.
- 平家の落人伝承にある誤解としてよくあるのが、平家の落人の末裔が即ち平家一門の末裔であることと混同されることが少なくないことである。
- A common misunderstanding regarding the Heike no Ochudo legend is the confusion of the descendants of Heike no Ochudo with those of the Taira family.
- 確かに平家の一門が落ち延びたという伝承も少なくはないが、平家の落人という概念が形容するものは「平家方に与して落ち延びた人」である。
- Although there exist quite a lot of oral traditions saying that members of the Taira family escaped to the place concerned, the notion of Heike no Ochudo stands for 'people who sided with the Taira family and thereafter escaped to a certain place.'
- 京都市東山区 - 百人一首にも採られて有名な「夜をこめて鳥のそら音ははかるともよに逢坂の関はゆるさじ」の歌が刻まれた清少納言の歌碑。
- Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City - A monument inscribed with Sei Shonagon's famous poem collected in Hyakunin Isshu: 'Even if you are going to cheat by emulating a crow fowl late at night, you wouldn't be allowed to pass Ose's checkpoint (you wouldn't be allowed to see me).'
- こうして代々の陸奥守には清和源氏や桓武平氏などの軍事貴族が任ぜられることが多く、また陸奥守が鎮守府将軍を兼ねる場合も少なくなかった。
- Thus, military aristocrats from Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) were often assigned as Mutsu no kami successively and they often doubled as Mutsu no kami and Chinju-fu shogun.
- 8尺、6尺はそれぞれ約2.4m、約1.8mで歩幅にしては少し長いが、これは尺が現在よりも短かった時代に尺と関連づけられたためである。
- Six shaku (about 1.8 m) and eight shaku (about 2.4 m) are actually longer than the length of two steps, however, because bu was related to shaku at a time when a shaku was shorter than it is now.
- 幼少の頃は大人しい性格だったこと、そして三人の弟がいずれも勇猛で優秀だったことから「愚兄賢弟の生きた見本」という陰口を叩かれていた。
- He was shy and reserved as a child, whereas his three younger brothers were all outgoing and bright; it is said that some people called them, 'a living showcase of a foolish older brother and a smart younger brothers' behind their backs.
- それまでの華美な役者絵・美人画は発行を厳しく制限され、風景画や風刺画、あるいは色数の少ない作品への転換を余儀なくされていたのである。
- Publishing ornate yakusha-e (prints of kabuki actors) and bijinga (type of ukiyo-e portraying beautiful women) were strictly restricted and painters were obliged to shift to landscape drawings, satirical drawings or works with a lesser number of colors.
- そんな中、競合商人が少しでも有利な条件で参入するために「寺社造営」という看板を掲げることで、日本の政治権力(武家、寺家)と提携した。
- In these situations, competing merchants joined hands with the political force of Japan (samurai families or families that own and resided in temples) with a pretext of building temples and shrines to compete with more profitable conditions.
- なお2008年段階で、国や都道府県及び独立行政法人などの研究機関により、少花粉スギは121品種、無花粉スギは1品種が開発されている。
- National, prefectural and incorporated administrative agency research institutions had developed 121low-pollen Japanese cedar cultivars and 1 pollen-free Japanese cedar cultivar as of 2008.
- その意味で信憑性の程度や事実の如何はともかくとしても、歴史学的に客観的な検証能力を有するものは著しく少ないのが実情であるといえよう。
- In this sense, setting aside the question of the degree of credibility or the existence of facts, there are few legends that can be verified objectively from the historical viewpoint.
- しかし、これは少なくとも丹波家の末裔である多紀家(半井家と並ぶ江戸幕府の最高医官)においては、幕末までに多くが失われていたとされる。
- Yet at least in the Taki family, whose line descended from the Tanba family (and who held the position of supreme physician in the Edo bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun] alongside the Nakarai family), most of it was presumably lost by the end of the Edo period.
- 院宮王臣家(いんぐうおうしんけ)とは、平安時代初期(8世紀末~9世紀ごろ)、天皇権力と結びついて勢力を強めた少数の皇族・貴族の総称。
- Engu oshinke is a collective term referring to a limited number of imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by taking advantage of their relationship with the Emperor in the early Heian Period (8th to 9th century).
- これらの表記は近年に至るまで様々な憶測や、ある種野次馬的な興味(紫式部が清少納言の才能に嫉妬していたのだ、など)を持って語られている。
- These descriptions have been brought into conversation with various conjectures and curiosity (Murasaki Shikibu was jealous of the talent of Sei Shonagon, etc.) up until recently.
- 創始者と言える西鶴の業績が最も著名であり、江島其磧の『世間子息気質』『世間娘容姿』など一部を除き、後に続いた作品に有名なものは少ない。
- The works of Saikaku, who is considered the founder, are the most famous and, excepting some works such as 'Seken musuko katagi' (Characters of worldly young men), and 'Seken musume yoshi' (Looks of worldly young women) by Kiseki EJIMA, there were few famous works published after that.
- 正妻の時子の子として生まれた重衡は幼少にして叙位し、平氏の公達として順調に昇進を重ね、治承3年(1179年)には左近衛権中将に進んだ。
- Born as a son of Tokiko, the legal wife of Kiyomori, Shigehira was conferred with a Court rank from his infancy, promoted smoothly as a Kindachi (children of nobles) of the Taira clan and appointed to the position of Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 同16年(874年)には大宰府警固の任を解かれ、左近衛権少将に任ぜられ、同18年(876年)には正五位下に昇進し、近江国介を兼任する。
- In 874 he was relieved of his duty to guard Dazaifu, and was appointed the provisional minor Captain of the Left Division of the Inner Palace Guards, while in 876 he was promoted to senior fifth rank, lower grade, and simultaneously appointed the assistant governor of Omi Province.
- 長慶の死後は幼少の当主・三好義継を他の三人衆や松永久秀らと共に補佐し、永禄8年(1565年)にはついに足利義輝を暗殺した(永禄の変)。
- After Nagayoshi died, he supported the young head of the family, Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI allied with other Miyoshi sanninshu and Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and ultimately assassinated Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA in 1565 (the Eiroku no Hen) (Conspiracy of Eiroku).
- しかし政資の三男・少弐資元が文亀元年(1501年)に挙兵し、永正3年(1506年)には大友親治と連合して大内領に侵攻する気配を示した。
- However, Masasuke's third son, Sukemoto SHONI, raised an army in 1501, which allied with Chikaharu OTOMO in 1506, and showed signs of attacking the Ouchi estate.
- 謎の多いこの二人について、哲学者の梅原猛が『水底の歌-柿本人麻呂論』において同一人物との論を発表して以来、少なからず同調する者もいる。
- Since Takeshi UMEHARA, a philosopher, expressed his view concerning these two mysterious persons in his book, 'Mizusoko no uta - a View on KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro,' that they were the same person, a considerable number of researchers have supported this view.
- 『無名草子』には「又定家少将の作りたるとてあまた侍るめるはましてただけしきばかりにてむげにまことなきものに侍るなる」という記述がある。
- There is a description in 'Mumyozoshi' that means 'Many that are told, as written by Sadaie shosho, cannot be true.'
- また、長井長弘の署名を持つ禁制文書が享禄3年3月付けで発給されており、少なくとも享禄3年正月の長弘殺害は誤伝であることがわかっている。
- Also, a ban that was signed by Nagahiro NAGAI was issued in March, 1530, and therefore, at least the death of Nagahiro could not have happened on New Year's Day of 1530.
- 「少女」で源氏と冷泉帝の見舞いを受け、かつての仕打ちを後悔しつつも、その後もたびたび我がままを言って朱雀院を困らせたと述べられている。
- In chapter 'Otome' (Maidens) it is described that when Genji and the Emperor Reizei visited her, she regretted her cruel treatment of them but still she acted willfully again and again that bothered the Suzakuin (the name of Emperor Suzaku after retirement).
- 家格に基づいて、1家もしくは少数の家の家督継承者の相対的に安定した家職及び官職昇進次第が保証された制度が公家社会各層において確立した。
- A system of relatively stable Kasho and position promotion path for the head of one or several families depending upon the family class became established as a system for every layer of the aristocracy.
- しかし、室町時代後半になると管領などが発給する御教書が減少するかわりに御内書が増大し、将軍の意思を直接通達する書状として公文書化する。
- During the late Muromachi period, however, Gonaisho were increasingly issued in place of Migyosho issued by kanrei (shogunal deputy), and its nature became more of a quasi-official document used by the shogun to directly inform people of his intentions.
- ただでさえ少なかった秀吉の縁者である豊臣秀長・豊臣鶴松・大政所・朝日姫らが、天正末期に次々と死去したことは、豊臣政権に大打撃を与えた。
- Hideyoshi originally had few relatives, and as Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI, Omandokoro, Asahihime (Hideyoshi's younger sister and Ieyasu's lawful wife) and others passed away one after another, it caused heavy damage to the Toyotomi government.
- しかしその後、勤務校の紀要を除けば、学術雑誌や学会発表などの手段によって主張する過程を踏むことが少なくなり、学界からの反応がなくなった。
- Afterwards, aside from the annals of the school in which he was working, he publicized his opinions by means of learning journals or conference presentation less often than before, receiving no feedback from academic society.
- 現在手に入るとりかへばや物語の現代語訳としては、中村真一郎によるちくま文庫版、田辺聖子による講談社少年少女古典文学館版などが挙げられる。
- The modern translations of Torikaebaya Monogatari that are available today are Chikuma Library edition translated by Shinichiro NAKAMURA, and the Kodansha Japanese Classics for Boys and Girls edition translated by Seiko TANABE.
- しかし、明暦の大火による江戸の消失と再建、佐渡島佐渡金山からの金採掘の減少、諸物価に対する米価の下落は、幕府財政を逼迫することとなった。
- However, the bakufu began having serious financial problems starting from the reconstruction of Edo city, which was burnt down due to the Great Fire in the Meireki era, to the decline of gold produced from Sado Gold Mine in the Sadoga-shima Island, and the comparative fall of the rice price against the prices of other commodities.
- これらの人々の信仰の対象として、生駒山周辺には60程度の朝鮮寺が存在すると報告されていたが、現在ではその数は20程度にまで減少している。
- It used to be reported that 60 Korean Temples were located around the foot of Mt. Ikoma as the object of worship of these people, but these days, the number has decreased to about 20.
- 「夫越中、左近と共に戦死し、わらわ今寡婦となりたれば、請う、君少しく哀憐を垂れ、願わくは書をもって家に致し、もって老母の情を慰めしめよ」
- 'My husband Ecchu was killed in battle together with Sakon (literally, the Palace Guards of the Left, but the word probably specifies a person here), and that made me a widow now. Please, do have mercy on me. I beseech you to send this letter to my old mother awaiting at home for consolation.'
- 幼少の頃、水練(水泳)に出かける途中、友人に「こんな雨で泳ぐのか」と問われたが、「濡れるのに雨も関係あるか」とそのまま川に行ったという。
- In his childhood, on his way to swimming training he was questioned by a friend, 'Do you swim in this heavy rain?'. He replied, 'Rain doesn't matter, anyway I will get wet.' and proceeded to the river.
- 鋳造枚数は31,795枚あるいは30,240枚と江戸時代の大判としては多いが、今日、真正品とされるものの現存数は非常に少なく稀少性が高い。
- Although as many as 31,795 or 30,240 of the Oban were minted, which was a large amount for Obans minted during the Edo Period, authentic ones are now a rare item.
- すなわち日本人や欧米人、中国人が団結し、大きな軋轢がなかったことこそが籠城を支えた、少なくとも内からの瓦解を防いだと言っても過言ではない。
- In other words, they were sustained during the siege because Japanese, Europeans, Americans, and Chinese united without big conflict, preventing an internal debacle.
- 大国の圧力に直接さらされるようになったボグド・ハーン政権は、少しでも外交交渉を有利に進めるために『万国公法』をモンゴル語訳したと思われる。
- Bogd Khaan regime, which was forced to deal with pressure from powerful countries conducted the translation into Mongolian language of 'Bankoku Koho' because they wished to move diplomatic negotiations forward with advantages.
- 実際に装飾が少ないのは前期段階の土器と中期以降の西日本、特に北部九州の土器で、そのほかの地域・時代の土器にはしばしば多様な装飾が施される。
- In actual fact, only earthenware in the early period and earthenware from during and after the middle period in western Japan, especially in northern Kyushu, is less decorative, but earthenware from other regions and periods often have various decorations.
- 少年時代のことはあまり詳しくわかっていないが、遅くとも十代の後半には京へ出て、狩野探幽の流れを引く鶴沢派の画家、石田幽汀の門に入っている。
- Although his boyhood is not known well, he went to Kyoto from his late teens and became a disciple of Yutei ISHIDA, a painter of the Tsurusawa school belonging to Tanyu KANO.
- 正暦四年頃から定子の死去まで彼女に仕えた女房・清少納言が著した随筆『枕草子』は、生き生きとした筆致で、彼女の人格的魅力を今日に伝えている。
- Teishi's attractive personality can be felt even today through the lively description in the 'The Pillow Book,' written by her lady-in-waiting (993-Teishi's death), Sei Shonagon.
- 鳥羽上皇はこれを宥めようとして康治2年(1143年)に正五位下を与え、翌天養元年(1144年)には藤原姓への復姓を許して少納言に任命した。
- In an attempt to persuade him to reconsider, Emperor Toba awarded him the rank of Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 1143, and in 1144, approved his return to the Fujiwara family and appointed him Shonagon (lesser councilor of state).
- 同11年(869年)12月、北九州を荒す新羅の海賊対策の為、太宰権少弐(兼右近衛少将)に任ぜられ、近衛府の兵を率いて大宰府警固の任に就く。
- In the twelfth month of 869, Takimori was appointed the Shoni (junior assistant governor-general) of Dazaifu (he was simultaneously appointed Minor Captain of the Right Division of the Inner Palace Guards) as part of the governments countermeasures against the pirates from Shiragi (in Korea) who were wreaking havoc in Kitakyushu (northern Kyushu); he led the troops of the Inner Palace Guards to Dazaifu, where he took up guard duty.
- アイザック・ニュートン・ゴットフリート・ライプニッツより少し前に、微分・積分の「一歩手前」までたどり着いたことは世界的にも評価されている。
- It is widely recognized that he came very close to discovering differential and integral calculus, just before it was introduced by Issac NEWTON and Gottfried LEIBNIZ.
- 頼之は幼少に禅僧である夢窓疎石から影響を受けたとされ、禅宗を信仰して京都に景徳寺、地蔵院 (京都市西京区)、阿波の光勝寺などの建立を行う。
- Yoriyuki is said to have been inspired by a Zen monk Muso Soseki in his youth and later practiced Zen Buddhism and built a number of temples including Keitoku-ji Temple and Jizo-in Temple (Nishikyo Ward) in Kyoto and Kosho-ji Temple in Awa.
- 斉衡年間(854年 - 857年)から天安 (日本)年間(857年 - 859年)に左兵衛尉、少納言、左近衛少将を経て蔵人頭に補せられる。
- During 854-857 and 857-859, he held the positions of Sahyoe no jo (third-ranked officer of Sahyoe-fu, the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards), Shonagon (Lesser counselor), and Sakone no shosho (Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), eventually becoming Kurodo no To (Head Chamberlain).
- 「内は柔らかいが外は固い」「世を横に歩く」など、おのれの頑固・狷介をこの別号に諷したとしても、知友は少なくなく、師を遇する礼にも厚かった。
- Although he had many friends and treated his teachers with due honor, he insinuated his stubbornness and obstinacy in the name, saying 'the inside is tender, but the outside is tough' and 'walks sideways in the world.'
- 実際には青表紙本であるという確証もなく河内本であるという確証も無いというだけでどのような性格を持った写本なのか不明な「別本」も少なくない。
- In fact, there are many 'Beppon' with characteristics that are unclear and which simply do not have any evidence to prove that they belong to Aobyoshi-bon or Kawachi-bon.
- しかしながら羽柴軍が山崎の要衝天王山を占拠して大勢を定めるや、主君信長を殺した光秀に付く信長旧臣は少なく、兵数差を覆す事ができずに敗れた。
- When the Hashiba army occupied the key point of Mt. Tennozan to decide the tide of the battle, however, there were only a few of Nobunaga's former vassals on the side of Mitsuhide, who had killed the monarch, and they were unable to overcome the other side's superior numbers.
- しかしこの事件に関して京大生や同学会に対する好意的反応は少数派であり、「京大を廃校にせよ」「貴方たちは狂人ですか」といった非難が集中した。
- However, the number of people who were in favor of the students of Kyoto University and the Dogakukai concerning this incident were relatively small, and many people condemned them by saying 'Abolish Kyoto University' or 'Are you madmen?'
- 下巻の奥に「永暦元年四月二日、右筆黷之、司農少卿伊行」とあるところから、永暦元年(1160年)に世尊寺伊行によって書写されたことがわかる。
- It can be recognized as the one copied by Koreyuki SESONJI in 1160, given that the note; 'May 16, 1160, Yuhitsu (amanuensis) 黷之 Koreyuki, 司農少卿伊行' was written at the end of the second scroll.
- 一説によれば、義朝が幼少期に河内源氏の本拠地河内国のある畿内を離れ東国に下ったのは、父の為義から廃嫡同然に勘当されたためではないかとされる。
- One theory holds that the reason Yoshitomo moved to Togoku from Kinai (area near Kyoto that includes Kawachi Province as the base of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan)) is that relations were cut by his father Tameyoshi and he was disinherited.
- 盛見は戦死したが跡を継いだ甥の大内持世が山名氏の手を借りて渋川氏や少弐氏・大友氏を撃破、腹心となった持世を九州探題とし九州を支配下に置いた。
- Morimi was killed in the battle but his nephew, Mochiyo OUCHI, took over the leadership and, with the help of the Yamana family, defeated the Shibukawa Clan and the Shoni and Otomo Clans, with Mochiyo, who was trusted by Yoshinori, being made Commissioner of Kyushu.
- 江戸期の逸話集『雑々拾遺』に拠れば幼くして聡明さを見せ、また『細川三将略伝』に拠れば従兄弟の細川清氏と力比べをしたなどの幼少時の逸話がある。
- 'Zatsu Zatsu Shui,' a collection of Edo period anecdotesm mentions Yoriyuki as a bright child, and 'Hosokawa Sansho Rykuden' includes a story of a competition in strength between Yoriyuki and his cousin Kiyouji HOSOKAWA.
- 彼らは後白河法皇に再び奏上して頼朝追討の院宣を得たが、頼朝が父、義朝供養の法要を24日営み、家臣を集めたこともあり賛同する勢力は少なかった。
- They paid a courtesy visit to the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa once again to acquire Inzen (a decree from the Cloistered Emperor) to expel Yoritomo, however, since Yoritomo celebrated the Buddhist memorial service for his father, Yoshitomo, on 24th, inviting his subordinate commanders and warriors, there were few parties who were willing to join Yoshitsune's side.
- この他、『ルパン三世』のアニメ版諸作品でも、泥棒である主人公一味が結果的に一国や地球的な規模の巨悪までをも粉砕する展開が少なからず見られる。
- Besides these, in various works of 'Lupin III' of the animated cartoon version, lead characters of thieves often unintentionally defeat huge, nationwide or earth-scale evils.
- 元隣の解説の中には珍説、あるいは怪説とも指摘されている解説も少なくないが、刊行以降から長い間にわたって、怪談の理論的根拠として流通していた。
- Although quite a few of his explications have been pointed out as strange or even far-fetched, his work was long used as a theoretical framework for kaidan tales.
- 地方豪族や有力農民のなかには自らの勢力を維持・拡大するため、また、農民の反抗を防止して土地・人民を確保するために武装する者が少なくなかった。
- Quite a few powerful local clans and influential peasants armed themselves to maintain and enlarge their power, and to secure the land and people by preventing defiance by the peasants.
- 王となってから後は、彼女を見た者は少なく(自爲王以來 少有見者)、ただ一人の男子だけが飲食を給仕するとともに、彼女のもとに出入りをしていた。
- After she became queen, there were few people who saw her, and only one boy went in and out of her room to serve her food and drink.
- 平安時代から鎌倉時代初期の古筆類は、伝称筆者は多いものの確実なものが少ない中で、この2つの書跡はともに署名があり、筆者の確実な自筆詠草である。
- Among the many legendary writers of the ancient Japanese writings which were made from the Heian to the early Kamakura period ---most of them are not reliable, though---, these two calligraphies have signs, so they are reliable drafts for poems.
- しかしアロー戦争の結果締結された天津条約や北京条約によって、清朝は少なくとも外交制度上は西欧諸国を自国と対等な存在として認めざるを得なくなる。
- Because of the Treaty of Tianjin and the Treaty of Beijing resulted from the Arrow War, the Qing dynastic was obliged at least from diplomatic point of view to recognize western countries as equal existence to own country.
- 工場経営や外国貿易を手がけていた父の元、3人兄弟の長男として奈良県生駒郡平城村大字押熊(現奈良市押熊町)に生まれ、少年時代は大阪府で過ごした。
- Born in Ouaza-Oshiguma, Heijou Town, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture (present day Oshiguma Town, Nara City), the oldest of three sons to a father who was involved in factory management and foreign trade, he spent his youth in Osaka.
- 利休死後数年を経て(文禄4年頃)徳川家康や前田利家の取りなしにより道安と少庵は赦免され、道安が堺の本家堺千家の家督を継いだが、早くに断絶した。
- A few years after Rikyu's death, Doan and Shoan were pardoned with the help of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Toshiie MAEDA, and Doan succeeded as head of the Sakai-Senke family, but the family died out soon.
- 前者とすると院らの収入が少なすぎる上に任命された受領にとってのメリットも無くなるために後者であろうと考える説が有力であるが、詳細は不明である。
- According the to first theory, income to the recipients would have been too small and zuryo would not benefit from the system, so the second theory is more plausible, however the details are unknown.
- また、建長年間(貞応と正嘉の間の時期)に押小路烏丸殿の施設が存在したかも不明であり、少なくても二条良実が押小路烏丸殿の主であった可能性は低い。
- Furthermore, there is a question as to whether the buildings of Oshikoji Karasumadono residence actually existed during the Kencho era (the period between the Joo era and Shoka era), and as such, the possibility that Yoshizane NIJO was the lord of Oshikoji Karasumadono is small.
- そのため戦場での功績は少なかったものの、五奉行の一人で文吏として政権中枢で権力を振るっていた石田三成らに対し、不満を持つようになったのである。
- Because of this, they had complaints about people like Mitsunari ISHIDA who did not make many contributions in the battle fields but became one of the Gobugyo (five major magistrates) and seized power as a civil servant.
- これらは和歌の名手として小野小町を讃えるもの、深草少将の百夜通いをモチーフにするもの、年老いて乞食となった小野小町に題材をとるものに大別される。
- These are classified into the following three groups: the one which praises ONO no Komachi for her excellent waka poem; the one which deals with FUKAKUSA no SHOSHO's come-and-go in a hundred nights; the one which deals with ONO no Komachi who has become a beggar in her later years.
- 延長8年(930年)に朱雀天皇(姉の藤原穏子の子)が即位すると、基経の没後は長く摂政関白が置かれなかったが新帝が幼少であるため摂政に任じられた。
- No one had been appointed as either a regent or a chancellor for a long time after Mototsune's death, but considering the Emperor's youth, Tadahira was appointed as a regent when Emperor Suzaku (the son of his sister, FUJIWARA no Onshi) succeeded to the throne in 930.
- 『ドゥーフ・ハルマ』の複製は印刷手法を用いず写本のみで行われたため出版数は33部前後と少なく、総頁数が3,000を越えたこともあって貴重だった。
- Because reproducing 'Doeff Halma' was based only on the manuscript, not on the printing technique, the number of copies was small as nearly 33, and it contained more than 3,000 pages in total, so the dictionary was very valuable.
- 単なる権力争いであった場合や、あるいは改革をなそうとする君主が、既得権を維持せんとする重臣から「悪政」を咎められ押込められる例も少なくなかった。
- Some were just struggles for power, and in some cases, reform-minded lords were confined by their vassals who blamed the lord for his misgovernment to protect their vested interests
- すると、惣右衛門が突然里右衛門に後ろから組み付き、髪を取って引き倒そうとしたので、里右衛門は惣右衛門を前に引き寄せ、脇差を抜いて少々傷をつけた。
- Then Soemon suddenly grappled the back of Riuemon and tried to pull him down by grasping his hair, so Riuemon pulled him forward and injured him slightly with his short sword.
- 士官学校で少壮の士官に日本語や日本のことを教え、日本政府の高官のイスタンブル訪問を手引きするなど、日土国交が樹立されない中で官民の交流に尽力した。
- He taught the Japanese language and told of Japan to young officers at the military academy, and helped to arrange visits to Istanbul for high officials in the Japanese government; thus, he dedicated himself to cultivate international civilian and governmental exchanges when there were no established diplomatic relations between Japan and Turkey.
- 漆紙文書は廃棄文書の断片ではあるが、残存している一次史料の少ない古代にあっては、木簡や墨書土器、正倉院文書などとともに貴重な文字資料となっている。
- Urushigami Monjo is the segment of the disposal documents, but it is valuable material among the primary archives of the ancient times remained, together with mokkan (a narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written), ink writing earthenware, and Shoso-in monjo (documents of Shoso-in).
- 現在の我々の感覚からすると、存外少ない観があるが、雑誌というものが初めて登場した明治初期にあってこれは驚異的な売れ行きであったと言わねばならない。
- Although it seems to be small from our sense today, it can be said that this was a tremendous large sales in the beginning of the Meiji period when a bulletin was published for the first time.
- そのさなか、1470年(文明 (日本)元年)に少弐氏、細川氏らに使嗾された叔父大内教幸が下関で謀反を起こし、政弘は討伐のために陶弘護を帰国させる。
- In the midst of this campaign, his uncle Noriyuki OUCHI, at the instigation of the Shoni and Hosokawa clans, raised a rebellion in Shimonoseki and Masahiro sent Hiromori SUE back to put it down.
- 「清少納言枕草子者、中古文学之遺風、日本語之俊烈也。并義於紫式部源氏物語、尤当閲翫之者也」で始まる「延宝二年七月十七日甲寅北村季吟書」の跋を持つ。
- The book has an epilogue written by Kigin KITAMURA on August 18, 1674 which begins 'Sei Shonagon, the author of Makura no Soshi, was a genius of Heian literature and the Japanese language. She was greatly admired by Murasaki Shikibu, author of Genji Monogatari.'
- 契約が満了すれば、契約書なども不要となって廃棄されるため遺存している物が少ないが、契約期間は10年もしくは20年が多く、30年・50年の例もある。
- Since the actual documents of such contrasts became useless after their expiration, most of them were destroyed and consequently the surviving examples are very few, but it seems 10- or 20-year contracts were the most common, with a few examples of 30- or even 50-year contracts.
- 諸経を学習後、医生40人のうち24人が体療(内科)、6人が創腫(外科)、6人が少小(小児科)、4人が耳目口歯の専門科目に分かれ、他もこれに準じた。
- After studying these textbooks, students advanced to the professional course, and for example, in the case of 40 students of medicine, 24 students advanced to the course of 'tairyo' (internal medicine), 6 to the course of 'soshu' (surgery), 6 to the course of 'shosho' (pediatrics), and 4 to the course of ear, eye, mouth, and tooth.
- 分類は軍記物語ではあるが、『平家物語』のように華々しい合戦の時期に重点が置かれているのではなく、義経の幼少期・出世・没落の時期に重点が置かれている。
- Although classified as a war chronicle, the Gikeiki, unlike the 'Heike monogatari,' is not actually focused on the period of Yoshitsune's magnificent battles, but rather on his childhood, his early successes, and his ruin.
- これによって長岡藩の兵力が減少したのみならず、人夫動員も困難となり河井継之助の長岡城奪還計画は大幅に遅れて、結果的に新政府軍に有利に働くことになる。
- However, the reduced military power of the domain due to this operation made it difficult for the domain to mobilize even its labor force and the plan to recover Nagaoka-jo Castle lead by Tsugunosuke KAWAI was largely delayed, which consequently worked favorably to the new government.
- いっぽう、幼少時に鎌倉へ下向し、執権北条家の傀儡となっていた4代将軍・藤原頼経も成年に達し、自ら政権を握る意志を持ち、反執権勢力の糾合を図っていた。
- Meanwhile, the 4th shogun, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, who had left the capital for Kamakura in his early years, and worked as a puppet of the regent HOJO family, came of age, and wanted to hold the reigns of government, trying to organize the anti-regent power.
- そうした中で伊藤は天皇と内閣の関係を位置づけるために提案したのが「機務六条」であり、天皇も多少の条件を付けたのみで内容そのものは受け入れたのである。
- Kimu rokujo' was proposed by Ito in such surroundings to stipulate the relationship between the Emperor and the cabinet, whose contents the Emperor accepted with only a few conditions.
- また、多少内容を変えたような異本が多数出版されたことでも知られており、明治時代に至るまで、実に3~400種類の「塵劫記」が出版されたといわれている。
- It is also known that numerous books with slightly altered contents were published: Up to the Meiji period, 300 to 400 books named after 'Jinkoki' were published.
- 現在でも納経をしないと御朱印がもらえない寺院が存在するが、多くの寺社では少額の金銭(初穂料・御布施)を納めることで御朱印がもらえるようになっている。
- There are still some temples that will not give goshuin unless sutra copies are submitted, but at many temples, goshuin will be given by donating a small amount of money (hatsuho-ryo (ceremony fee) or offerings).
- '荒木家老の者共さし寄りて村重を諫めて云く、つらつら城中の形勢を見るに、毛利家の援兵も今は頼み少なく、徒らに月日を送り給う故、兵糧甚だ乏しく成り候。
- 'Araki's senior retainers gathered together and tried to convince Murashige that, judging from the situations in the castle, hope for obtaining reinforcement troops from the Mori clan became unbelievable and, since Murashige had wasted time in vain, provisions ran low.
- ただし、文永八年(1271年)成立の『風葉和歌集』に同編および「花桜折る少将(中将)」「はいずみ」「ほどほどの懸想」「貝合はせ」から歌が入集している。
- However, 'Fuyo Wakashu' (collection of Japanese poems based on fictional stories), edited in 1271, contains poetry from the same, 'Hanazakura Oru Shosho (Chusho),' 'Haizumi,' 'Hodohodo no Keso,' and 'Kaiawase.'
- 温帯ジャポニカによる水稲農耕の始まりも近年の稲DNAに基づく研究では、DNAの多様性が朝鮮半島の方が少ないことから南方経由の可能性が高いとされている。
- In research based upon rice plant DNA in recent years, it is assumed that the introduction of temperate Japonica cultivation by wet-rice agriculture was most likely introduced by the southern route since the variations in rice plant DNA were fewer on the Korean peninsula.
- また、知行は石高単位に応じて与えられたために実際の行政単位と合致しないことも少なくなく、1村を複数の地頭で分割する相給が行われることも珍しくなかった。
- Each one's stipend was called kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period), and it often happened that kokudaka did not correspond to actual administrative unit, and accordingly, aikyu was a commonly practiced to divide one village among several jitos.
- この日、大久保が岩倉具視に対して送った書簡に「町人という者は浅墓なものなので、少しお上がハキハキと申し付ければ、如何様にも従うものである (要旨)。」
- On a letter OKUBO sent to Tomomi IWAKURA on this day, it said 'townspeople are foolish people, so if the Okami (political authorities) instructs them a little clearly, they will follow even if it was a hoax. (the gist)'
- 現存する古札類の中には、札面に記された文面から明らかに旗本札に分類されるものが散見され、少なくとも数十の旗本が旗本札を発行していたことが判明している。
- Of the existing old paper money and the like, ones that contain the Hatamoto-satsu written on the surface of the paper money are sometimes found, which can be classified as Hatamoto-satsu, it has been revealed that at least several tens of Hatamoto issued Hatamoto-satsu.
- 神職を育成する数少ない大学、皇學館大学の創始者としても知られるほか、親王が書き残した日記は『朝彦親王日記』と呼ばれ、幕末維新史料として重視されている。
- He is also known as the founder of Kogakkan University, one of a few educational institutes that train Shinto priests, and his 'Diaries of Imperial Prince Asahiko' are valuable historical materials on the closing days of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.
- 一方で光秀の心情を斟酌する人間も少なくなく、変の背景が未だあいまいなことと相まって、後に良くも悪くも光秀に焦点をあてた作品が数多く作られることとなる。
- On the other hand there are many who consider Mitsuhide's true intention, and the background of the incident was not clear, which allowed literary works to be published that portray Mitsuhide as a good or a bad person.
- ただし、陶部が属していた伴部は明らかではなく、律令制(少なくても養老律令)の下で特定の官司に所属した伴部・品部・雑戸になったことを示す記録も存在しない。
- However, it is unknown which official supervised Suebe and there is no record that shows Suebe became Tomobe (administrative officials), Shinabe and Zakko (groups of technicians), who belonged to a specific government official, under the Ritsuryo system (especially, Yoro Ritsuryo Code).
- 安元2年(1176年)3月4日、19歳の時に後白河法皇50歳の祝賀で、烏帽子に桜の枝、梅の枝を挿して「青海波」を舞い、その美しさから桜梅少将と呼ばれる。
- In the ceremony celebrating the Cloister Emperor Goshirakawa's 50th birthday held in April 21, 1176, Koremori, who was aged 19, performed a dance titled 'Seigaiha play,' wearing the twigs of cherry and plum trees in his Eboshi (black-lacquered headgear), which won him the name of Obai-shosho (general of flowers) as he was so handsome.
- 運慶の作と称されている仏像は日本各地にきわめて多い(特に仁王像に多い)が、銘記、像内納入品、信頼できる史料等から運慶の真作と確認されている作品は少ない。
- Although an extremely large number of Buddhist statues (Nio sculptures in particular) across Japan are claimed to be the Unkei's work, only a few of them have been confirmed to be his real works based on inscriptions, items stored in statues, and reliable historical data.
- 清盛にとって一門の足並みを乱す頼盛の行動は問題だったが、九州に平氏の勢力を広げること自体は悪い話ではなかったので、多少の黙認はしていたものと考えられる。
- Yorimori's actions are considered to have caused disarray in the clan that became a problem for Kiyomori; however, as it is was not disadvantageous to increase the presence of the Taira clan in Kyushu, it is assumed that Kiyomori remained silent, implicitly consenting to Yorimori's undertakings to a certain extent.
- 文久2年(1862年)10月、右近衛権少将となり、幕府への攘夷督促の副使として、正使三条実美とともに江戸に向かい、勝海舟と共に江戸湾岸の視察などを行う。
- In October 1862, he became Ukon no Gon no Shosho (Provincial Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), and as a vice commander to promote Joi (expulsion of the foreigners), he headed toward Edo with commander Sanetomi SANJO, and carried out inspections of the Edo bay area with Kaishu KATSU and others.
- 田手畷の戦い (たてなわてのたたかい)は、享禄3年(1530年)、北九州の覇権をめぐり周防国の戦国大名大内氏と肥前国の戦国大名少弐氏との間で起きた戦い。
- The Battle of Tatenawate was a war that took place in 1530 over hegemony of Kitakyushu between two daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States): the Ouchi clan of Suo Province and Shoni clan of Hizen Province.
- その際、少しでも収量を増やすため、棚田の畔(あぜ)や土手(どて)の部分(土坡、どは)は、極限まで収量を上げるために急な傾斜に耐えられる石垣でつくられた。
- At that time, dikes and mounds of Tanada were made of stone walls which could bear steepness of the slope, for the purpose of increasing yield to the maximum.
- 自作『源氏物語』に対しての世人の評判や、宮中の同僚であった和泉式部・赤染衛門、ライバル清少納言らの人物評や自らの人生観について述べた消息文などもみられる。
- It contains gossips about 'The Tale of Genji,' private letters in which she described her view of life, and comments about her colleagues at the Imperial Court such as Izumi Shikibu, Akazome Emon and her rival, Seisho Nagon.
- 原則として月5日の休日(毎月6・12・18・24・晦日)を除いて毎日開催されることになっていたが、平安時代中期には月数回にまで減少し、陣定などに代わった。
- As a principle the conference was held every day excluding five holidays a month (days 6, 12, 18, and the last day of each month), however, it was reduced to several times a month in the middle Heian period, and was replaced by Jin no sadame (ancient cabinet council).
- もっともこの時には既に大日本帝国憲法が制定されており、見かけだけの「欧化」に依存しなくても日本の国際社会における地位は少しずつ上昇に向かっていたのである。
- Having said that, however, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan had already been established then and Japan's international status was gradually getting high without depending on a shell of 'Europeanization.'
- 1958年の売春防止法施行まで存在していた五番町 (京都市)遊廓を舞台に家族を養うために丹後からきた少女とその幼馴染である学生僧の悲恋を描いた小説である。
- Set in Goban-cho (Kyoto City), a red-light district existed until the Anti-Prostitution Law was enforced in 1958, this is a blighted love story between a girl who came from Tango to feed her family and a young priest who was her childhood friend.
- そのため、幕府の支配権の及ぶ範囲は主として頼朝傘下の武士に限られ、少なくとも承久の乱までは朝廷側勢力(権門勢家)の支配権を侵害しないことを原則としていた。
- Thus, the extent of the bakufu's control was limited mainly to the samurai under Yoritomo and, in principle, at least until Jokyu War, it did not infringe on the control of Imperial Court forces (the great and powerful).
- 従来、従四位以下にあった上下を廃止し、位階を正一位から少初位まで全18階とする(同年8月20日(1869年9月25日)、正九位を新設し、全20階とする。)。
- Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) and lower ranks had been divided into two ('higher' and 'lower') but such division was abolished, and court ranks were reorganized into eighteen stages from Shoichii (Senior First Rank) to Shosoi (Later Shokui (Senior Ninth Rank) was newly created and the number of court ranks increased to twenty on September 25, 1869).
- この時、伊尹は従四位上蔵人頭兼春宮権亮兼左近衛権中将に過ぎず、弟の兼通・兼家もともに従四位下中宮権大夫、正五位下少納言に過ぎず、九条流は存亡の危機を迎えた。
- At the time, Koretada had just the titles of Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), Togu gon no suke (Provisional Assistant Master of the Crown Prince's Quarters), and Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards), and his younger brothers Kanemichi and Kaneie just had ranks of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), Chugu Gon no daibu (provisional master of the Consort's Household), and Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), Shonagon (lesser councilor of state), respectively, and the families of Kujo line was at the brink of collapse.
- 寛平3年(891年)、少僧都法眼和尚位で寂した延暦寺第5世座主円珍が、36年後の延長5年(927)、法印大和尚位を賜り、智証大師と諡されたときの勅書である。
- In 891, Enchin, then the fifth head priest of Enryaku-ji Temple, passed away with the rank of 'Shozozu Hogenwajo'; after 36 years later, in 927, an imperial rescript was issued in his honour, bestowing upon him the rank of 'Hoindaiwajo,' and the posthumous Buddhist name of Chisho Daishi; this imperial rescript was written by the hand of Michikaze.
- しかし夕霧は元服後源氏の教育方針で三条殿を出、また雲居の雁も夕霧との恋仲を内大臣に知られて強引に引き取られたため、ひどく悲しんだ(「少女 (源氏物語)」)。
- However, after Yugiri celebrated his coming of age, he had to leave the Sanjo-dono Palace due to Genji's educational policy, while Naidaijin, who noticed that Yugiri and Kumoi no Kari loved each other, forced her to move into his residence, so she felt terribly sad. ('Otome' (The Maidens))
- 後継者としては先妻宝心妙樹の子である嫡男千道安と、後妻千宗恩の連れ子で娘婿でもある千少庵が有名であるが、この他に娘婿の万代屋宗安、千紹二の名前が挙げられる。
- The well known successors to Rikyu were SEN no Doan and SEN no Shoan; the former was a son of Rikyu's first wife Myoju HOSHIN, and the latter was a son between Rikyu's second wife SEN no Soon and her previous husband, and Shoan was also known as a husband of Rikyu's daughter. In addition to them, these two people were also Rikyu's successors: Soan MOZUYA, husband of Rikyu's daughter, and SEN no Shoji.
- 『大日本国法華験記』巻下第百二十九「紀伊国牟婁郡悪女」、『今昔物語集』巻第十四第三「紀伊ノ国道成寺ノ僧写法華救蛇語」では、少女の代わりに若い寡婦が登場する。
- A young widow appears instead of a girl in 'The Bad Woman in Muro-gun County, Kii Province,' the 129th section of the second volume of 'Dainihonkoku Hokke Genki' and 'A Tale of Saving a Snake by the Lotus Sutra Chanted by the Priest in Dojo-ji Temple in Kii Province,' the third section of the 14th volume of 'Konjaku Monogatari shu.'
- さらに啓蒙主義者であった森有礼が文部大臣に就任したことで下賜・下付希望が減少し、1887年に版権が宮内省から吉川弘文館に移されて翌年に下賜・下付が停止された。
- With the number of requests of the grant decreasing after Arinori MORI, an Illuminati, took office as the Minister of Education, and the copyright's transfer from the Imperial Household Department to Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. in 1887, the grants were suspended in the following year.
- また、少なくとも寛永7年(1630年)には町の絵師としては異例の法橋の位が与えられていたことがわかっており、当時から一流の絵師とみなされていたことは疑いない。
- There is no doubt that he was considered one of the top painters of the period--from that fact he was given the rank of Hokyo (rank or title originally given to men and women in the Buddhist order, which was later also granted to artists) in 1630, which, at the time, was extremely rare.
- 新選組に対する酷評で知られる西村兼文でさえ「少しく時理の弁(わきま)えある者」(「ちょっとは物事の筋道が解かる人」の意味。『壬生浪士始末記』)と評価している。
- Even Kanefumi NISHIMURA, who was known for his sever criticism of Shinsengumi, called him 'a person who understands method of matters in some degree' in 'Mibu Roshi Shimatsuki'
- 藤原の宮の時、正三位大納言兼中衛大将橘冬明と明日香の皇女との間に生まれた氏忠は、容貌才覚共にすぐれ、16歳で、式部少輔右少弁中務少将を兼任、従五位上にあった。
- Ujitada was born to TACHIBANA no Fuyuaki, who was Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) dainagon (a chief councilor of state) and Chue no daisho (Major Captain of the Imperial Guard) and the imperial princess of Asuka in the era of Fujiwara no Miya and was known for his excellent looks and wit, and he assumed the position of shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonies), ushoben (Minor Controller of the Right) and Nakatsukasa no Shosho (Minor Captain of the Ministry of Central Affairs) concurrently and his rank was Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade)at the age of sixteen.
- なお、緊急時には政が開かれず、会議が開かれる陣座に待機していた上卿がこれを確認した後で参議・少納言が結政所にいる弁官に請印を求める結政請印という手続もあった。
- In times of emergencies, Sei were not held but an upper courtier who was waiting at the meeting would confirm this, and the Sangi (councilor) or Shonagon would ask the Benkan at the Katanashi-dokoro to attach the seal to the document and this procedure was called Katanashi shoin.
- 日本では歴史的な記録としてこの漢字を見ることは少なく、使用頻度的にはカタカナ表記の「カルカ」、ひらがなの「かるか」、漢字で「㮶」(木偏に朔)の順で用いられる。
- The Chinese characters used for the word are seen very rarely in Japanese historical documents, and the word is most often written in katakana characters, then hiragana characters, then Chinese characters.
- 2月28日には駿河に残された武田側の数少ない拠点の一つである戸倉城・三枚橋城を落とし、続いて3月に入ると沼津市や富士市にあった武田側の諸城を陥落させていった。
- On February 28, 1582, Ujimasa captured Tokura-jo Castle and Sanmaibashi-jo Castle which were part of the few remaining footholds of Takeda in Suruga, and subsequently in March, he took control of castles on the Takeda side in Numazu City and Fuji City.
- それ以外に「桐壺」に対する「壺前栽」、「賢木」に対する「松が浦島」、「明石」に対する「浦伝」、「少女」に対する「日影」といった大きく異なる異名を持つものもある。
- Moreover, some have very different names, such as 'Kiritsubo' in contrast to 'Tsubosenzai,' 'Sakaki' to 'Matsugaura Island,' 'Akashi' to 'Taking Passage by Boat Coastline,' and 'Otome' to 'Hikage.'
- 元輔が歌人として高名だったことは、『枕草子』にみえる、女房勤めした折に清少納言が「父の名を辱めたくないので歌は詠まない」といって許されたという挿話からも伺える。
- One story in 'Makuranososhi' (The Pillow Book) has it that Sei Shonagon was allowed not to make poems when she started to work at the Imperial Court, as she said she did not want to make any poems because her poems might bring shame on her father, and this story tells that Motosuke was such a great poet.
- このことからかつて「縄文農耕」が唱えられたこともあったが、少なくとも根茎類採集が生活において重要な位置を占めるに至ったことを示すものであることは確かとみられる。
- Although once some people spoke on 'farming in the Jomon period' on the basis of this, we can at least safely say from this that gathering root and stalk held the important position in lives of people in the Jomon period.
- 高木は別所氏が拠った三木城の城下町で、豊臣秀吉が免税地としたために金物の町として発展した三木町の近隣に位置し、少し北には加古川の支流である美嚢川が西行している。
- Takagi was the Miki-jo Castle town where the Bessho clan lived, near Miki Town which was flourished as a hardware town by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI giving the town a tax-free privilege, and slightly in the north, the Mino-gawa river, a tributary of the Kako-gawa River, flowed to the west.
- 中国においては、漢から南北朝時代_(中国)には「休沐」と称して5日に1日、唐では10日に1日が休日となる旬假が一般的であったが、日本においてはもう少し多かった。
- While in China, from the Han period to the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, they had one holiday in every five days, which was called 'kyumoku', and in the Tang period, they had one holiday in every ten days, which was called 'shunka', there were slightly more holidays in Japan.
- 中務少輔を中国風に「中書」と呼んだことから、脇坂には「中書(ちゅうじょう)さま」という別名がつき、下屋敷のあった一帯を「中書島駅」と呼ぶようになったといわれる。
- Since people called Nakatsukasa Shou by its Chinese-style name 'Chujo', WAKISAKA received the nickname 'Chujo sama (Lord Chujo)' and the area where his villa had been located came to be called 'Chushojima Station.'
- 北九州で大友氏や少弐氏らと合戦を繰り広げながら、父の代の領土であった周防、長門、豊前、筑前に加え、安芸、石見の守護職を兼ねるほかに肥前国の一部にも勢力を広げた。
- While engaging in battles with the Otomo and Shoni clans in northern Kyushu, he added title of Shugoshiki (military governor) of Aki and Iwami to his father's estate of Suo, Nagato, Buzen and Chikuzen, and expanded his power to a part of Higo Province as well.
- 大内義隆(義興の子)は宿敵の少弐資元(政資の子)に止めを刺すべく筑前国守護代杉興連に命じて大内方の北九州の諸将を率いさせ、資元の居城肥前国勢福寺城を攻撃させた。
- Yoshitaka OUCHI (a son of Yoshioki) ordered Okitsura SUGI, Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) of Chikuzen Province, to lead the warlords of Kitakyushu in the Ouchi side to attack Seifukuji-jo Castle in Hizen Province, the castle of Sukemoto SHONI (a son of Sukemoto SHONI) in Hizen Province.
- それまで都城を領していた北郷氏は北郷忠能が幼少であったことと、朝鮮出兵で軍役の不足があったこともあり、祁答院へ移され石高も6万9千石から3万7千石へ減らされた。
- The Hokugo clan originally held Miyakonojo, but since Tadayoshi HOKUGO was underage and there weren't enough soldiers for the invasion of Korea, the clan was transferred to Kedoin and the size of its territory was reduced to 37,000 from 69,000 koku.
- 鎌倉時代中期頃に成立したと見られる『松島日記』と題する紀行文が清少納言の著書であると信じられた時代もあったが、江戸時代には本居宣長らによって偽書と判断されている。
- 'Matsushima Diary,' a travelogue that seems to have been completed in the middle of the Kamakura period, was once believed to have been written by Sei Shonagon, but it was concluded to be a forged book by Norinaga MOTOORI and others of the Edo period.
- さらに、膽澤開珎、加越能通用、阿州通宝および土佐官券の類は試鋳貨幣にとどまり現存も数品を数える様な稀少なものがほとんどであり、流通した形跡は全く確認されていない。
- Furthermore, currencies such as Isawa Kaichin, Kaetsuno Tuyo, Ashu Tuho, and Tosa Kanken stayed in the trial phase of currency minting, and there are few actual coins left without any evidence of actual use.
- このため、江戸幕府では幼少の場合を例外として、征夷大将軍就任あるいは大御所の死亡による徳川将軍家当主就任時に、「御代始」の新政策を打ち出すことが慣例化していった。
- As a result, it became customary to develop the new policy of Miyohajime at the time of the assumption of the new Tokugawa Shogunate family taken place due to the assumption of Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) or the death of Ogosho.
- 『源氏物語』の古写本の場合、冊子の標題には「源氏物語」ないしはそれに相当する物語全体の標題が記されている場合よりも、それぞれの帖名が記されていることが少なくない。
- Each volume of the old manuscript of 'The Tale of Genji' usually has a chapter name on its cover rather than a title of the overall work such as 'The Tale of Genji' or something similar.
- なお、『古今和歌集』以降では意味よりも形式をととのえること、語の転換の面白さに主眼が置かれるようになり、基本的には新しい枕詞の創作も暫時、減少していく傾向にある。
- Moreover, after 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), because the chief aim shifted to the arrangement of the format rather than the meaning and the interesting transition of words, the creation of new makurakotoba basically tended to decrease for a while.
- イギリスや日本が北京の公使館を少しでも早く解放すべきと主張する一方で、北京進攻はかえって公使館に対する清朝・義和団の風当たりを強くするという意見もあったのである。
- While Great Britain and Japan stressed that embassies should be freed before arrival, there was a view that progressing toward Beijing would strengthen the resentment of the Qing dynasty and the Boxers towards embassies instead.
- 渡海船についての史料は少ないが、補陀洛山寺で復元された渡海船の場合は、和船の上に入母屋造りの箱を設置して、その四方に四つの鳥居が付加されるという設計となっている。
- Historical materials on tokai-bune being scarce, tokai-bune rebuilt at Fudarakusan-ji Temple is a Japanese-style fishing boat with a hip-and-gable-roofed box on it and four Torii (shrine gate) put up around the box.
- 残された嫡男龍王丸は幼少であり(異説あり)、このため今川氏の家臣三浦氏、朝比奈氏などが一族の小鹿範満(義忠の従兄弟)を擁立して、家中が二分される家督争いとなった。
- When Yoshitada died, his son, Tatsuomaru, was still young (other theories exist), so retainers such as the Miura and Asahina clans backed Norimitsu OSHIKA (Yoshitada's cousin), dividing the Imagawa clan in two.
- 天文15年(1546年)、義晴は晴元と対立して敗れ(江口の戦い)、近江坂本に避難したが、このときに嫡男・足利義輝に将軍職を譲り、以後は幼少の義輝の後見人となった。
- In 1546, Yoshiharu fought Harumoto (in the Battle of Eguchi), lost and escaped to Omi Sakamoto, during which time he gave the shogunship to his son and heir to the throne, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and helped the still juvenile shogun as his guardian.
- その翌日、三成が実力行使に出て兵に屋敷を囲ませると、ガラシャは家老の小笠原秀清(少斎)に槍で部屋の外から胸を貫かせて死んだ(キリスト教では自殺は大罪であるため)。
- The next day, when Mitsunari resorted to force by having soldiers surround the residence, Garasha got the chief retainer, Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA, to pierce her chest with lance from outside the room (this is because in Christianity, committing suicide is a mortal sin).
- すなわち、前半で少将の両親の心情を細やかに描きながら、後半では忘れられ、また、唐国内の戦乱描写も異常なまでに詳細であり、一説には、現存本は後人の加筆もあるという。
- The feelings of Shosho's parents are described in detail in the first half, but are forgotten in the latter half, and the description of the war in Tang is unusually detailed and there is a view that the existing text includes later additions by another person.
- フランス行きの船内では、地球が球体であることを得心したり、白人少年に別れのキスを求められてとまどうといったエピソードがあったことが本人の手紙にしたためられている。
- Episodes that took place aboard the ship to France were noted in his letters, such as his becoming convinced that the Earth was spherical, or the time when he was bewildered because he was asked for a kiss by a young Caucasian boy upon parting from each other.
- 『玉葉』によると、寿永3年(1184年)2月9日一ノ谷の合戦後、義経は討ち取った平家一門の首を都大路に引き渡し獄門にかける事を奏聞する為、少数の兵で都に駆け戻る。
- According to 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO), after the Battle of Ichinotani on February 9, 1184, he ran back to Kyoto with a few retainers to ask for the Imperial court's instruction of what to do with the heads of the Taira family, because he wanted permission to display them publicly on Miyako-oji Avenue.
- だが、応仁・文明の乱により散逸した物や諸大名に下賜されたり、幕府財政難のために土倉に売却されるなどして、地方に移ったものやそのまま行方不明になった物も少なくない。
- However, quite a few works were moved to various provinces or gone missing, because they were scattered and ultimately lost during the Onin-Bunmei Wars, given away to territorial lords, or sold to doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders) due to the economic difficulties of the bakufu.
- 「飛散開始日」とは、その日の1平方センチメートルあたりの花粉観測数が連続して1個以上になった最初の日をさし、実際には飛散開始日よりも前に少量の飛散は始まっている。
- First day of pollen dispersal' is the first day on which the observed pollen count per square meter exceeds a value of 1, but low-level pollen dispersal begins actually before the first day of pollen dispersal.
- 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
- Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
- 一方、田畠の少ない山地河海周辺や都市部では、住屋や宅地に対する地子(賃借料)を名目とした在家地子(ざいけじし)が賦課されて鮎・薪・炭などの非農業生産物が課された。
- Meanwhile, in areas that were scarce in paddies and fields - such as mountainous districts, riverside areas, coastal areas, and merchant districts - 'jishi' (a kind of rent, called 'zaike-jishi') was imposed on a house and its premises, and people were also obliged to provide non-agricultural products, such as sweetfish, firewood, and charcoal.
- 結果的にほとんどの藩が蔵屋敷を設置し、江戸よりも幕府による制約が少ない大坂に資金調達先が求められ、大坂の蔵元・掛屋・両替商などが大名貸の有力な担い手となっていった。
- As a result, domains sought for financial sources in Osaka, where most domains held their kurayashiki (warehouse-residence) and there were fewer restrictions from the bakufu than Edo, and therefore, kuramoto, kakeya, and ryogaeshou (merchants in banking business) in Osaka became powerful in the Daimyogashi business.
- 菅原是善に学び、陽成天皇、光孝天皇、宇多天皇の3代に仕え、近江国守、東宮学士、民部少輔、文章博士、式部大輔、勘解由長官、左大弁を歴任したのち、正四位下、参議となる。
- He learned under SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, and served three generations of emperors, Emperors Yozei, Koko, and Uda; became Shoshiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and Sangi (consultant) after serving as Omi no kuni no kami (Governor of Omi Province), Togu gakushi (Teacher of the Classics of the Crown Prince), Minbu shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs), Monjo hakase (professor of literature), Shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of Ministry of Ceremonial), Kageyu no kami (chief investigator of the records of outgoing officials), and Sadaiben (major controller of the left).
- 弘治 (日本)3年(1557年)、兄家清が三好家の松永長頼との戦いでの傷がもとで死去したため、直正は黒井城に居住したまま幼少の甥赤井忠家を後見して赤井一族を率いた。
- In 1557, his elder brother, Iekiyo died because of a wound from a battle with Nagayori MATSUNAGA, and Naomasa led the Akai family by acting as guardian for his young nephew, Tadaie AKAI while Naomasa himself lived in Kuroi Castle.
- 当時、算術が普及せずにその知識を有する者が少なかったために官位こそは低いものの、及第して官人となった算生の持つ数的処理能力に諸官司から期待されるところは大きかった。
- At that time, arithmetic was not widespread and few people had such knowledge; therefore, although the official court rank of the Sansho was low, once they passed the examination and became government officials, various government officials held great expectations for their mathematical processing abilities.
- 直冬と少弐氏との同調を受けて、幕府では尊氏自ら直冬のいる九州に出兵しようとするが、その最中に直義が京を脱出し、支持勢力を集めて南朝に帰順して挙兵したために中止される。
- Reacting to the alliance between Tadafuyu and the Shoni clan, Takauji, who was on the side of the bakufu, had decided to march on Tadafuyu in Kyushu, himself at the head of the troops; however, in the midst of the preparations, Tadayoshi absconded from the capital (Kyoto), gathered supporters and joined forces with the Southern Court to raise an army, whereupon Takauji cancelled the planned attack.
- 紫式部の酷評に加え、女の才はかえって不幸を招くという中世的な思想が影響し、鎌倉時代に書かれた『無名草子』『古事談』『古今著聞集』などには清少納言の落魄説話が満載された。
- In addition to the severe criticism made by Murasaki Shikibu, the influence of medieval thought that the talented woman became unhappy was such that many anecdotes of Sei Shonagon's reduced circumstances were written in 'Mumyozoshi' (Story Without a Name), 'Kojidan' (Collection of Folk Literature), 'Kokon Chomonju' (Collection of Folk Literature), etc., during the Kamakura period.
- 嘗てここに清原元輔の山荘があり、晩年の清少納言が隠棲したと思われる所としては、昭和49年(1974年)、当時の平安博物館館長・角田文衞氏の発案によって歌碑が建立された。
- Once there was a mountain villa of KIYOHARA no Motosuke here, and Sei Shonagon in her later years seems to have lived in seclusion, so in 1974 Bunei TSUNODA, who was then a director of the Heian Museum of Ancient History, suggested that a monument be erected.
- 本書の対象とした仁明朝は、嵯峨・淳和両朝の後を受けた太平の世であり、「承和の変」以外大きな事件は無かったために、宮中行事などは詳しいが、政治関係の記事は少ないとされる。
- As the reign of Emperor Ninmyo was in a time of peace after the reigns of Emperor Saga and Emperor Junna, and as nothing big occurred except the Jowa Incident, this book is said to have more detailed descriptions of court ceremonies, etc., but less material related to politics.
- 一揆は本願寺にとってもゆかりがある大乗院(蓮如幼少時修行の場所)を始めとして興福寺の全ての塔頭を焼き払い、猿沢池のコイや春日社のシカも悉く食い尽くされたと言われている。
- The Ikki army burned down all the sub-temples of Kofuku-ji Temple including Daijo-in Temple (the practice spot of Rennyo in his childhood) which had some connection with Hongan-ji Temple, and it is said that all the carp in Sarusawa-ike Pond and all the deer in Kasuga-sha Shrine were eaten up by them.
- 一方、邪馬台国九州説では、弥生時代後期中葉以降に至っても瀬戸内地域では鉄器の出土量は北部九州と比べて明らかに少なく、また、鉄器製作技術は北部九州と比べて格段に低かった。
- For the Yamatai-Koku kingdom in Kyushu theory, on the other hand, the amount of ironware excavated from the Setouchi region even after the middle of the end of the Yayoi period was very limited when compared to northern Kyushu, and the level of ironware manufacturing technique was very low compared to northern Kyushu.
- しかし、刀狩や検地・兵農分離なども元々は織田政権化で進められていたものであり、このことから秀吉は少なくとも政策・戦略面では信長を模倣したからこそ天下を取れたともいえる。
- However, such policies as 'Katanagari', 'Kenchi' and the hierarchization to warrior and farmer were implemented under ODA administration originally, so that it might be said that Hideyoshi could unify Japan because he imitated Nobunaga at least in the aspect of policies and strategies.
- 結果として、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米(蔵米)や特産品(蔵物)搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。
- Finally domains started to borrow money constantly, and sometimes their debt could not be paid back when enough sales money was not earned from annual rice tax and local products because of poor harvest in the domain.
- 瘧(おこり、マラリア)を病んで加持(かじ)のために北山を訪れた源氏は、通りかかった家で密かに恋焦がれる藤壺(23歳)の面影を持つ少女(後の紫の上。10歳ほど)を垣間見た。
- Genji, who had been suffering from ague (malaria) and was visiting Kitayama for incantation, caught a glimpse of a girl (later known as Murasaki no Ue, around 10 years old) who had an appearance similar to Fujitsubo (23 years old), whom Genji yearned for in secret, when he happened to pass by the house.
- 柴五郎らもその辺の温度差を敏感に感じ取っており、柴は董福祥の甘軍は真剣に包囲殲滅を目指しているが、栄禄直轄の部隊は銃撃するものの突撃などは少なかったと解放後に述べている。
- Goro SHIBA also felt those differences in opinion in the surrounding area, and stated after the release that 甘軍 of Gansu Province seriously considered terminating the siege, and the division under the direct control of Ronglu shot but made very few attacks.
- しかし、少数勢力である事には変わらず、研究会_(貴族院)との対抗上、更なる結集を目指して1901年に庚子会(内紛後の月曜会が改称)と合併して、新会派「土曜会」を結成した。
- However, as it was still a minority power, the members formed a new group, 'Doyo-kai,' by merging with Koshi-kai (renamed from Getsuyo-kai after its internal conflict) in 1901 in order to counter Kenkyu-kai (the House of Peers), targeting more strong solidarity.
- しかし、当時まだ年少だった長皇子・舎人親王等を除けば、血統的に草壁と互角だった大津の政治参加は一応は明確になっていた草壁への皇位継承が半ば白紙化してしまった事を意味した。
- However, Otsu was equal with Kusakabe in line of descent, excluding Naga no miko and Imperial Prince Toneri, and his political participation meant that Kusakabe's right of succession to the Imperial Throne, which had been tentatively certain, was almost lost.
- 絵入源氏物語は長年にわたり少しずつ内容を変えて何度も刊行されているが、最も広く普及したのは1653年に刊行されたものであり、一般には「慶安本・承応三年版」と呼ばれている。
- Eiri Genji monogatari had been published many times over a long period of time, the contents being changed little by little, and the book published in 1653 circulated most widely, which is generally called 'Keian-bon, the third year of Joo era version.'
- なお、一旦改易された者が恩赦などを受ける場合もあったが、この場合の効果は改易される前の主君への再仕官が認められるという程度であり、改易前の禄高で復帰できた例は少なかった。
- There were some cases where those who were once subject to kaieki received amnesty, but it would only allow them to serve the lord that they had served before kaieki, and there were only a few cases in which they returned to their services and received the same amount of stipend as they had received before kaieki.
- だが口数が少なく無愛想で、村人が診てもらうと身体のしくみ等を何やら小難しい言葉でくどくどと説明したので「大阪で何の勉強したのやら」とあまり評判のよい医者ではなかったという。
- As he was a brusque man of few words and tended to give tedious and difficult to understand diagnoses, he was not popular with local people, who criticized him by asking, 'What did he study in Osaka?'
- だが、国家財政の逼迫と地方政治の衰微によって収入が減少すると、臨時給や合爵(官職への推挙権を返上する代わりに、より実入りのある年爵を1名分増加させる)などの措置も取られた。
- When the revenue dropped due to the nation's hard-pressed economy and decline of local governments, however, such measures were taken to add a portion for one person to nenshaku.
- 文章得業生は定員が少なく、しかも給料学生が優先的に選ばれる慣例であったため、長く文章生であった学生は中途で教官の推挙を受けて学業を終える以前に官職に任じられることもあった。
- As the number of monjo tokugosho was very limited and there was a tradition of choosing kyuryo gakusei primarily from them, those students who remained monjosho for a long time were sometimes appointed to government posts with their teacher's recommendation before finishing their study.
- しかし、明治以降の日本とスペインは、スペイン内戦~第二次世界大戦にかけての一時期を除き、政治・外交上の懸案も少ない代わりに関係や関心も希薄という状況が続き、現在に至っている。
- Since then, there have been few political or diplomatic concerns between Japan and Spain and the two countries have had little interest in each other (except during the period of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War) to date.
- 写本による流通が主であった時代には大部の書物は全体の中から自分が残したい、あるいは人に読ませたいと考えた部分だけを書き写すといった形で流通することも少なくなかったと考えられる。
- In the time when the manuscripts were made by people, it was not unusual that people copied only a part of the whole book which they wanted to keep, or have somebody read.
- 景勝が弾正少弼を謙信から譲り受けた際の2通の書状が、景勝自身の筆跡と同じであるとし、景勝が自己を正当化する為、偽作したとの説(「新潟県史」「上越市史 通史編2 中世」)がある。
- When Kagekatsu inherited the rank of Danjo-Shohitsu from Kenshin, some say that the two relevant letters were written in Kagekatsu's handwriting; that is to say Kagekatsu forged those letters in order to justify himself (The History of Niigata Prefecture, The History of Joetsu City: Complete History I: The Medieval Period).
- シーズン前には平年に比較して飛散量が多いか少ないかの予測も出されるが、平年とは過去10年平均であり、その平均値そのものが増加し続けているため、予測値の解釈には注意が必要である。
- Airborne pollen levels are forecast as high or low in comparison to an average year, but average year values consist of an average of levels from the previous 10 years and, as average values continue to rise, it is necessary to exercise caution when interpreting forecast values.
- 源平の争乱を生き抜き、少なくともその時期に武士となり、鎌倉時代に御家人、源平の争乱となった者、一部の荘園の下司について以外に、後世に記録が残っていないことを考慮する必要がある。
- It is necessary to take into consideration that there should be no records of previous generations, except for records of those that survived the Genpei War and became bushi during that period, gokenin during Kamakura period, those who participated in the Genpei War, and followers of a lower ranked officer in some shoen.
- そのため、名目だけの官職があてがわれたり、散位(品階のみで官職を持たないこと)となる者も少なくなく、実質を持つ官職を得ることでようやく官僚序列の中に参加することができたのである。
- Therefore, some officials received nominal government post, and many officials became Sani (official only with Hinkai and without a government post), so the official was able to join the bureaucrats hierarchy system eventually by having the real government post.
- つまり、最初に渡来人が来たと考えられている北部九州や大陸系渡来人が移住した可能性のある瀬戸内・近畿地方でさえ、弥生時代初期の遺跡からは渡来系の人と判定される人骨の出土数は少ない。
- In other words, the number of excavated human bones confirmed as immigrants to ancient Japan are very rare in sites from the early Yayoi period, even in northern Kyushu where it is said immigrants to ancient Japan first entered, and in the Setouchi and Kinki region where it is believed continental immigrants to ancient Japan migrated.
- だが、酒造業者の経営不振はやがて税収減少に跳ね返ることとなり、政府はどぶろくなどの自家醸造禁止などの酒造業者保護策を打ち出して酒造業者との妥協策を探る方向に転換することになった。
- Breweries' financial difficulties, however, eventually brought declining tax revenues back to the government and thus the government turned in another direction to seek compromise with the breweries by developing breweries protection measures such as the ban on home-brewing of doburoku (unrefined sake).
- 母は早くに離縁し按察大納言の北の方となっており、祖母に当たる大宮 (源氏物語)のもとで、同じく大宮を祖母に持つ光源氏の子、夕霧 (源氏物語)とともに養育され、幼少から恋し合った。
- Her mother divorced early on and became the wife of Azechi Dainagon, so she was brought up by her grandmother Omiya together with Yugiri, who was a child of Hikaru genji and also had Omiya as his grandmother, and due to this they grew to love each other since childhood.
- 三千家は利休の養子となった宗恩の連れ子千少庵の系譜であり、大徳寺の渇食であったその息子 千宗旦が還俗して家を再興し、現在の表千家・裏千家の地所である京都の本法寺前に屋敷を構えた。
- The three SEN families are the lineage of Shoan, adopted son of Rikyu, and Shoan's son SEN no Sotan, who had served the Daitoku-ji Temple as Kasshiki but returned to secular life and reestablished the SEN family, setting up his residence in front of Honpo-ji Temple in Kyoto, which belongs to the Omotesenke and Urasenke now.
- 1つの会戦における戦死者が8万人というのは戦争一覧でもかなり多い数字であり、当時敗軍の将は責任をとって処刑される場合もあるため、戦果は過大に損害は過少に申告するのが普通であった。
- Since eighty thousand war casualties was large even when compared to past wars, the general on the losing side normally reported smaller numbers of casualties since there was a possibility of being executed.
- 今まで農業協同組合(金融部門)は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
- Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.
- 魏志の魏書三少帝紀によれば、同じ年に東夷が朝貢して禅譲革命の準備がなされたという記事があるので、この女王は壹与で、魏に代って成立した西晋の皇帝(司馬炎)に朝貢したと考えられている。
- Because there is an account that the Eastern barbarians brought a tribute to the Chinese court in the same year and made preparations for Zenjo (one of the forms of the emperor replacement whereby the emperor was not decided by succession but instead the throne moved to the most virtuous person) according to 三少帝紀 in Wei chih, this queen must have been Iyo and her envoys apparently brought a tribute to the emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty (Sima Yan) which was established after Wei.
- 会津出身の軍人である柴五郎は、当時は少年であったが、大久保の非業の死を聞いて、西郷隆盛の非業の死とあわせて「両雄非業の最期を遂げたるを当然の帰結でなりと断じて喜べり」と書いている。
- When Goro SHIBA, a military man from Aizu and then a young boy heard of Okubo's unnatural death, he combined it with that of Takamori SAIGO and wrote, 'I am absolutely pleased that the two great men ended their lives in unnatural death, which was a natural consequence.'
- 大村の軍制構想は山田顕義、船越衛、曽我祐準、原田一道等大村派によってまとめられ、同年11月18日には兵部少輔久我通久と山田の連署で『兵部省軍務ノ大綱』として太政官に提出されている。
- Omura's ideas for the military were completed by the Omura faction including Akiyoshi YAMADA, Mamoru FUNAKOSHI, Sukenori SOGA and Ichido HARADA, who submitted the 'Outline of the Responsibilities of the Ministry of the Military,' cosigned by Hyobu Shoyu Michitsune KOGA and Yamada, to the Council of State on November 18.
- この声を聴いたアマテラスは、何事だろうと天岩戸の扉を少し開け、「自分が岩戸に篭って闇になっているというのに、なぜアメノウズメは楽しそうに舞い、八百万の神は笑っているのか」と問うた。
- Hearing that laughter, Amaterasu wondered what all the racket could be, opened the door of her cave a little, and asked why Amenouzume merrily danced and the yaoyorozu no kami were laughing notwithstanding the deep darkness in which her retirement resulted.
- 全日本学生自治会総連合では少数派(非主流派)であった所感派の思想的・政治的影響下にあった当時の同学会(京都大学の全学学生自治会)は、1950年度のレッド・パージ粉砕闘争を主導した。
- Dogakukai (students' self-governing association of Kyoto University) which was under the philosophical/political influence of the Shokan sect, a minority group (a non-mainstream faction) of the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-governing Associations, played a leading role in the anti Red Purge struggle in 1950.
- だが、同書は注釈部分が全部で約2,800字であり、鄭玄注釈の約2,000字よりは多いものの、孔安国注釈の約8,800字よりは遥かに少なく注釈書として決して十分なものといえなかった。
- Although the commentary of this edition had 2,800 characters in total, and had more than Teigen's 2,000 characters, it was much fewer than Ko Ankoku's, which was about 8,800 characters, and was far from being an adequate commentary.
- 反面、優れた曲で作者不明のものについてはほとんど全てを世阿弥の作とする一方、観阿弥・元雅といった重要な作者が掲載されていないなど、同時代以外の曲については不正確な記述も少なくない。
- On the other hand, although outstanding songs whose playwrights are unknown are almost all attributed to Zeami, the major writers Kanami and Motomasa are not included; as such, there are many incorrect descriptions relating to the songs other than those from the same period.
- 一方、城内では水攻めという奇想天外な戦法に動揺し、物資の補給路を断たれて兵糧米が少なくなったことと、小早川隆景、吉川元春ら毛利氏の援軍が来ないことも相まって兵の士気は低下していた。
- At the same time, as the unpredictable inundation tactics stirred the castle, the declining provisions of rice for the army by losing their supply lines, and the fact of not having support troops from the Mori clan including Takakage KOBAYAKAWA and Motoharu KIKKAWA combined to wear down the morale of the troops.
- この点が、当時書かれた数量に対して現存作品の少ないジャンルであるにも関らず、人々へ強い印象を残し、当時、数多く作られた物語の中で本作品を現在まで命脈を保たせる原因となったのであろう。
- At this point, the work has left a strong impression on people, and therefore survived among the many stories that had been written in those days, even though the story belongs to a genre that hasn't survived well.
- また勅命の成功によってそれまで政治的発言を封じられていた少壮公卿もまた発言力を増大させ、中川宮朝彦親王・二条斉敬ら公武合体派と三条実美・姉小路公知はじめとする尊攘派公家が激しく対立。
- The success of the imperial orders caused the young and vigorous court nobles, who had been prohibited from voicing their political opinions, to increase their influence and the group of Kobu gattai led by Imperial prince Nakagawa no miya Asahiko and the group of sonno joi court nobles led by Sanetomi SANJO and Kintomo ANEGAKOJI fiercely confronted.
- 一方春を好む紫の上は隣の東南の春の町に住まい、紫の上と秋好は六条院の春の主と秋の主として、春秋の優劣を競う風流な挑み合いを繰り広げた(「少女 (源氏物語)」「胡蝶 (源氏物語)」)。
- On the other hand, Murasaki no Ue, who liked spring, lived in the spring section and Murasaki no Ue and Akikonomu as the master of the spring and autumn of Rokujoin, respectively, conducted an elegant competition betweenspring and autumn ('Otome' (Genji Monogatari), 'Kocho' (Genji Monogatari).
- さらには「一の宮」(これは単に天皇の長男というだけの意味であり、全ての天皇にそれぞれの「一の宮」が存在しうる。)や「女三宮」といった普通名詞でしか記されていない登場人物も少なくない。
- Moreover, there are many characters who are only mentioned by common nouns such as 'Ichinomiya' (this simply means the eldest son of the Emperor, therefore all Emperors can have their own 'Ichinomiya') and 'Onna Sannomiya' (the third princess).
- そして、『今昔物語集』巻19第4話「摂津守満仲出家せる語」で源満仲は出家した我が子に「我が心に違う者有れば、虫などを殺すように殺しつ、少し宜しと思う罪には手足を切る」と嘆かれている。
- Furthermore, MINAMOTO no Mitsutaka was grieved by his own child that went through shukke (to become a Buddhist monk) 'if there is someone who defies your will, you kill him as though he was an insect, and cut off his arms and legs for a minor crime' in the 'Story of Mitsunaka, who was the Settsu no kami (governor of Settsu Province) and underwent shukke (become Buddhist Priest)' in Volume 19 Story 4 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past).
- また国衙の側も経営の不安定な小規模経営の多数の百姓から収取するより、多くの動産資本と隷属民を蓄積し、安定した経営が見込める大規模経営者たる少数の田堵から収取することに効率性を見出した。
- In addition, the kokuga side found it more efficient to collect the tax through a small number of tato farmers, who owned a great amount of movable assets as well as many subordinate people and managed a large-sized farm which was expected to bring stable management, than to collect the tax from many peasants who only had small-sized unstable farm management.
- 平野の圃場大型化整備の際に行われた田圃の所有権の整理が棚田ではされていないため、外部の者が一体的な風景に見える棚田の所有権はかなり複雑に入り組んでおり、1世帯あたりの耕作面積も少ない。
- Ownership of each agricultural area was organized at the time of enlargement and improvement of agricultural areas in plains, but there was no such organization in the case of Tanada, so the ownership relationships of Tanada, which look uninterrupted to outsiders, are quite complex and the area cultivated by each household is small.
- 一方では、この『愚管抄』の「少々アル」を論拠に、物語の成立は1220年以降とみる野村八良のような見解もあり、この曖昧な記載から『保元物語』の成立をうかがい知るのは困難であろうと思われる。
- While Hachiro NOMURA advocated a view that the tale would have been completed after 1220 based on the words in 'Gukansho,' 'I have heard there may be a little something of the sort,' so it seems difficult to know the process of writing 'Hogen Monogatari' with this ambiguous record as a clue.
- 「法曹至要抄」には、三位以下の者が路上で親王に会えば下馬するのをはじめとして、位階に応じてそれぞれ下馬の令制を載せ、有位者でない場合も賤者、少者は貴人、老人に対して同様にすべきであった。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho' (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of the Heian period and the early Kamakura period), which described rules and regulations on dismounting a horse depending on his court rank based on the Ritsuryo Law system (an ancient administrative law system in Japan), a person of the third court rank or the lower had to dismount his horse when he met any imperial prince on the road, and even any lower-ranked or younger person without Ikai (a court rank) had to follow the same manner toward the nobilities and the elderly.
- この他、新県設置による利点として3~4万円の地方税負担の減少(当時の鳥取県は島根県と比較して、地租と一戸あたりの負担が地租で8銭、一戸あたりで48銭の差が存在していた)が挙げられていた。
- As a benefit of creating a new prefecture, reduction of local tax by 30,000 to 40,000 yen was expected (at that time, the amount of land tax and load per household in Shimane Prefecture were cheaper than those in Tottori Prefecture, for example, the difference was 8 sen for land tax, and 48 sen for load per household).
- いずれにしても、「武士団」の時代は平安時代後期から室町時代までであり、その境はあいまいながらも、少なくとも近世、江戸時代については「武士」ではあっても「武士団」として語られることはない。
- Despite this, the period of 'bushidan' was from the late Heian to the Muromachi period, and there was reference to 'bushi' during the modern Edo period, but not 'bushidan.'
- その後の彼女の人生の詳細は不明だが、家集など断片的な資料から、一旦再婚相手・藤原棟世の任国摂津に下ったと思われ、『異本清少納言集』には内裏の使いとして蔵人信隆が摂津に来たという記録がある。
- The details of her subsequent life are unknown, but according to fragmentary materials (such as collections of poetry) she seems to have married FUJIWARA no Muneyo and gone to his place of assignment at Settsu Province, and there is a record in the book of 'Ihon Sei Shonagon Shu' that Nobutsune, Kurodo (staff of Kurodo Dokoro), visited Settsu as a messenger of the Dairi (Imperial Palace).
- しかしながら、前代に比べて武器の発達が見られず、特に近接武器が副葬品以外ではほとんど認められないこと、受傷人骨の少なさなどから、具体的な戦闘が頻発していたと主張する研究者はあまり多くない。
- However, not many researchers insist on the occurrence of actual battles as there was little development in weapons compared to the previous generation, especially very few weapons for close combat are found apart from burial goods and few human bones with trauma were excavated.
- 家臣を大切にし、また茶湯にも興味を示して利休七哲の一人(筆頭)にまで数えられており(千利休の死後、その子息千少庵は氏郷の許で蟄居している)、諸大名からの人望が厚く、風流の利発人と評される。
- He took great care of his vassals and was interested in the tea ceremony, numbering among the Rikyu shichitetsu (Rikyu's seven sages) (after SEN no Rikyu's death, he let Rikyu's son (SEN no Shoan) stay in his home), and he was very popular with a number of daimyo (feudal lords) and considered to be refined and intelligent.
- 少弐頼尚は当初、一色氏と協調して直冬と戦っていたが、直冬の勢力が拡大すると一色氏への対抗心から正平5年/観応元年(1350年)9月に直冬を自陣営に迎える(一説によれば婿にしたと言われる)。
- At first Yorinao SHONI was fighting against Tadafuyu, cooperating with the Isshiki clan, but once Tadafuyu made gains and grew in strength, he welcomed Tadafuyu into his camp out of a sense of rivalry against the Isshiki clan, in October 1350, during the Shohei and Kano era (one account maintains that he made Tadafuyu his son-in-law).
- その後自身の怠惰によりそのような状態が長く続いてきたが、あるときしかるべきところから写本を借りてきて家の少女らに命じて写本を作らせ、その後もいろいろなところにある写本と照合した。」とある。
- Due to his laziness, the manuscript had not existed for a long time, but one day he borrowed a manuscript from a reliable place, ordering the little girls in his house to transcribe the manuscript, and after that comparing with various manuscripts in different places.'
- 明智氏やその家臣、従者に関わる口伝などはいくつか伝わっており、資料の少ない考証については、従来日の目をみる事のなかった、こうした信憑性について確定できない資料の分析を行っていく必要がある。
- Although there are few documents about the Akechi clan, their vassals and their followers, oral traditions spread by word of mouth; since there is so little direct evidence in the form of documents, it is necessary to analyze the authenticity of which cannot be verified.
- 防人歌は東国から徴集された防人の詠んだ歌の意で、巻13や巻14にも少量見えるが、最も著名なのは巻20に「天平勝宝七歳乙未二月、相替遣筑紫諸国防人等歌」として84首収録されているものである。
- A small number of sakimoriuta, poems composed by coast guards conscripted from Togoku, can be found in volumes 13 and 14 but the majority (84 poems in total) appear in volume 20 under the title of 'In August, 749, the poems of Sakimori and others dispatched in turns to the provinces in Chikushi' (天平勝宝七歳乙未二月、相替遣筑紫諸国防人等歌).
- だが、応仁の乱以後には将軍の臨席は減少し、11代将軍足利義澄の頃には将軍主宰とされながら実際には将軍が臨席する事は無く、側近である内談衆が決定事項を将軍に取り次いで裁可を得る仕組みとなった。
- After the Onin War, the shogun's presence at gozen-sata became less, and in the tenure of the eleventh shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the shogun namely chaired, but did not attend gozen-sata, which resulted in a procedure whereby naidan shu (judges), shogun's entourages, brought the decisions to the shogun for the approval.
- あらすじ:中宮(または女御)の無聊と徒然を慰めようと薫き物を試みたことをきっかけに、中宮の弟である宰相の中将と、中納言の君・少将の君といった女房らが今まで見聞きしたしみじみとする話を語り合う。
- Story line: When incense is burned to beguile the tedium and boredom of the Empress (or court lady), Saisho no Chujo (Consultant Captain), who is a younger brother of the Empress, and nyobo (court ladies) Chunagon no kimi and Shosho no kimi, talk together about touching episodes they have heard before.
- 主君に対する忠誠を絶対とする武家倫理が徐々に確立した江戸時代においては、少なくとも徳川将軍家では見られなくなったものの、非常の措置として行跡の悪い藩主を強制的に監禁する行為は慣行として残った。
- In the Edo period when samurai ethics of seeing loyalty to lord as all-important were gradually established, the phenomenon was not seen with Tokugawa Shogunate Family at least, but the practice remained to be seen as an extraordinary step to forcibly confine lords who misconducted themselves.
- 従って、弥生時代前期前半より以前に(夜臼式土器に代表されるような刻目突帯文土器と総称される一群の土器形式に示された)水稲農耕技術を伴う社会が(少なくとも北部九州地域には)成立していたとされる。
- Therefore, a society with rice-paddy cultivation techniques (at least in northern Kyushu) existed before the first half of the early Yayoi period (Shown in a form of earthenware called Kizamimetottaimon earthenware such as Yusu earthenware.)
- しかし明応8年(1500年)には前将軍で、明応の政変で京都を追われた足利義稙を山口に保護していたため、義興は永正4年(1507年)に義稙の仲介により少弐資元と和睦し、北九州の勢力を保っている。
- However, Yoshioki was in Yamaguchi in 1500 protecting former Shogun Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, who had fled Kyoto after the Meio no seihen (Meio Coup), so Yoshioki, with the help of Yoshitane, reconciled with Sukemoto SHONI in 1507, enabling him to maintain power in northern Kyushu.
- 芥川は、物質的な幸福だけを真の幸福と考える若侍と、精神の内部における幸福を最大視する翁と、この相対する二つの型の人間の会話を最後において、種類の異なった幸福感を示し、原作に多少の綾を付与した。
- Akutagawa added a conversation of two types of people, a young samurai who takes only the physical comforts as happiness and an old man who regards psychological satisfaction as most important, at end of the plot of its original to show two different kinds of feeling of happiness and his own color.
- 寛弘二年(1005年)12月29日 (旧暦)より、一条天皇の中宮・藤原彰子(藤原道長の長女、のち院号宣下して上東門院)に女房兼家庭教師役として仕え、少なくとも同八年頃まで奉仕し続けたようである。
- In December 29 (according to the lunar calendar) of 1005, she began serving the Empress of Emperor Ichijo FUJIWARA no Shoshi/Akiko (the oldest daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and later given the name of the Retired Emperor Jotomonin) as a court lady-cum-tutor, and she served the Empress at least until 1011.
- 始めは源氏の通い所の一人であったが、後新造の二条東院の西の対に迎えられ(「松風 (源氏物語)」)、六条院造営後は夏の町の主となって「夏の御方」「東の御方」とも呼ばれる(「少女 (源氏物語)」)。
- At first, she was one of Genji's lovers, but was later received into the west annex of the newly built Nijohigashi no in ('Matsukaze,' Genji Monogatari), and after Rokujo in was built, became the lady of Natsu no machi (the rooms called 'summer town') and also was called 'Natsu no onkata' (lady of summer town) or 'Higashi no onkata' (lady of eastern Rokujo in, or 'Otome' in Genji Monogatari).
- 19時40分、三上少尉が連隊長官舎に駆け込み大滝平で後藤伍長を発見したことと雪中行軍が「全滅の模様」であること、2時間の捜索で「救助隊60余名中、約半数が凍傷で行動不可」となったことを知らせた。
- At 19:40, Junior Lieutenant Mikami ran into the official residence of regiment officers and informed them that they had found Corporal Goto near Otakidaira, all of the marching troop seem to be dead, and that about the half of 60 people of the rescue team had become incapacitated due to frostbite.
- 1970年代以降には洛東江流域の旧伽耶地域の発掘調査が飛躍的に進み、文献史料の少ない伽耶史を研究するための材料が豊富になってくるとともに、政治的欲求に基づく解釈から解放された議論が盛んとなった。
- After the 1970s, the excavation and research of the former Gaya region in the Nakdong River basin made a remarkable progress, and discussions free from politically-biased interpretations came to prosper at the same time as more materials were discovered for the study of Gaya history, which was little documented.
- さらに元親が幼少である千熊丸を世子に指名した理由は、親和と親忠は他の家系をすでに継いでいたことと、なによりも溺愛していた信親の娘を娶わせるには、上の2人では年齢差がありすぎたためともされている。
- The reason why Motochika appointed Chikumamaru, who was an infant, to the heir was that Chikakazu and Chikatada had already succeeded other family lines and that, above all, age differences between two elder sons and Nobuchika's daughter whom Motochika doted were too great to get married.
- その後、8世紀後期から9世紀を通じて律令制を維持または再構築しようとする試みが繰り返されたが、大多数の貧困百姓層とごく少数の富裕百姓層(富豪層)という百姓層内の階層分離はますます加速していった。
- Although measures aiming to maintain or restructure the Ritsuryo system were repeatedly implemented during the period from late 8th century to 9th century, peasants were increasingly split into a large majority of peasants in poverty and a small minority of wealthy peasants (wealthy peasants class).
- 日本の合戦では戦闘時、上級武士の指揮下に少人数ずつの銃手(鉄砲足軽)が組織化されて、この戦闘単位ごとに勲功を競うといった運用形態をとっていたこともあり、個々の銃手の命中率が重要視されたのである。
- At the time of a battle in Japan, gunners (teppo-ashigaru, foot soldiers fighting with firearms) were organized in small groups under the command of high-ranking warriors, and these units vied for exploits of war, therefore accuracy rate of individual gunners was of high concern.
- 鬼門の方角(東北)のスミに少し寄せた位置に、納屋や物置を配置することは、夏の強烈な朝日を避けることができるとしており太陽光線と四季の関係からこのような配置に差し支えなしと断定したと伝えられている。
- He is said to have asserted that the barn or storeroom is to be positioned in the corner of Kimon (northeast) to avoid the strong summer light entering the house in the morning, and in this particular position is approved upon the condition of the solar rays and four seasons.
- 終盤は明応6年9月16日(1497年10月11日)条に「これ以後は書き記さず、たびたび勅問の事などこれあらば、少々注す」と書かれており、同年および翌年の記事は簡潔に散発的に書かれているのみである。
- Near the end of the diary, in the entry for October 11, 1497, is written, 'I will not write down anymore from now on, except a little about inquiries from the emperor and the like from time to time, if there are any,' and there are only brief entries sporadically found for the rest of the year and the next year.
- 欧米各国では新聞がこぞってこの悪辣な暴挙を非難し世論も硬化していたため、当時の駐米少弁務使森有礼は『日本宗教自由論』をあらわして禁教政策の継続の難しさを訴え、西本願寺僧侶島地黙雷らもこれにならった。
- In the U.S. and European countries the newspapers all criticized the villainous outrage and public opinion also grew stronger, so the then Japanese charge d'affaires to the U.S., Arinori MORI, wrote 'Religious Freedom in Japan' stating that it was difficult to hold on to the anti-Christian policy, which was followed by some people including Mokurai SHIMAJI, a Buddhist monk of West Hongan-ji Temple.
- そうした国際法を肯定的に捉える受容は、 洋務運動時期にはまだ少数であったが、それは中国を唯我独尊的な存在と自認する中華思想とそれに基づく華夷秩序が動揺し、変化させられていく契機の一つだったといえる。
- This positive acceptance of international law was not shared by large numbers of people at the time of yomu undo but it was a chance that Kaichitsujo based on Sinocentrism, in which China maintained self-centered attitude was unsettled and changed.
- 佃島の人足寄場とおなじく、囚徒に一種の職をあたえたから、改悟すれば些少の貯蓄を得て年を経て郷里にかえることをゆるされた)が、水替は過酷な重労働であり、3年以上は生存できないといわれるほど酷使された。
- Convicts on Sadoshima Island, much like those at the work-houses of Tsukudajima Island, were given one type of labor to perform, and so if they showed contrition they would receive a tiny sum as savings and, after many years, would be allowed to return to their hometowns), but drainage work was extremely heavy labor, and drainage laborers were so cruelly exploited that it was said they could not survive for more than three years.
- 「奥羽永慶軍記」には、景勝は大変な女嫌いで身辺に女を一切近づけず、また正室の菊姫 (大儀院)と非常に不仲であると共に、極めて衆道を好み、身辺にはもっぱら美貌の少年達のみを侍らせていたという話がある。
- A war chronicle entitled Ouu Eikei Gunki contains a tale of Kagekatsu having extraordinary hatred for women, that he actively kept women away from him, and that he did not get along with his wife, Kikuhime (Daigiin); instead it has been told that he had an affinity for men, and often kept good-looking boys close to him.
- 899年(正泰2年)近江国権少掾に任命され、以後三河国守・丹後国守・山城国守などの地方官を歴任し、さらに左中弁・右大弁を経て、947年(天暦元年)参議に至り、951年(天暦5年)正四位下に叙された。
- In 899, he was appointed to Omi no Gon no shojo (Provisional Junior Secretary of Omi Province) and, after that, successively held positions of various chihokan (a local official) including the lord of Mikawa Province, the lord of Tango Province and the lord of Yamashiro and, after working as Sachuben and Uchuben, he reached Sangi in 947 and, in 951, he was ranked at Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 最後の「女性論」では、清少納言・紫式部・和泉式部・小式部内侍・大和宣旨・小侍従ら宮廷の花を語るが、中でも作者が賛美したかったのは、伊勢 (歌人)・選子内親王・藤原定子・藤原歓子の四人であったらしい。
- In the last chapter on women, stars in the Imperial court such as Sei Shonagon, Murasaki Shikibu, Izumi Shikibu, Koshikibu no Naishi, Yamato no Senji, and Kojiju are the topics of discussion, but the author seems to give the highest praise to Ise, who was a poet, Imperial Princess Senshi, FUJIWARA no Teishi, and FUJIWARA no Kanshi.
- また、当初中原氏の養子に入り明法道を学んだ大江広元が鎌倉幕府創設に深く関与し、また『裁判至要抄』の『御成敗式目』への影響が指摘されるなど、明法道と武家法の成立にも少なからず関係があったとされている。
- Also OE no Hiromoto who became an adopted son of Nakahara clan to study Myohodo, was likely to have something to do with the establishment of Myohodo and Bukeho (the low system of samurai society) because he participated deeply in the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu and influenced 'Goseibaishikimoku (the law of samurai regime)' of the legal book 'Saiban Shiyosho. '
- 1998年の憲政党による第1次大隈内閣の成立した事に危機感を抱いた高橋新吉_(英学者)・坊城俊章・有地品之允ら少数の純無所属議員が政党内閣に反対して超然主義を擁護するために結成した集団が原点であった。
- It was based on a group which was formed against party cabinet and for protecting the nonparty principle by a small number of the Pure Independents such as Shinkichi TAKAHASHI (scholar), Toshiaya BOJO and Shinanojo ARICHI who had felt a crisis of the establishment of the first Okuma Cabinet by the Kenseito (Constitutional Party) in 1898.
- 小判を一分金に、あるいは豆板銀を銭に換えるなど、より使い勝手の良い小額の貨幣に両替する場合は切賃(きりちん)と呼ばれる手数料が発生し、少額貨幣から高額貨幣への両替手数料より割増されるのが普通であった。
- If a customer wants to break a koban into ichibunkin (a quarter of a koban) or tobangin into copper coins, that is, if he wants to change a large currency for smaller ones which are more usable, he had to pay a commission called 'kirichin' which was usually more expensive than one for which small change was converted into a large currency.
- その上で、「これを肖像権と称するかどうかは別として、少なくとも、警察官が、正当な理由もないのに、個人の容ぼう等を撮影することは、「憲法13条の趣旨に反し、許されないものと言わなければならない」とした。
- Moreover it stated 'Apart from whether or not such right can be referred to as right of portrait, it must be said at least that if a police officer, without a good reason, has photographed the appearance, etc. of a citizen, such an act should be regarded as being in violation of the purport of Article 13 of the Constitution and therefore it is unallowable.'
- 信濃国では、小県郡矢沢(現・長野県上田市殿城)の仙石氏が文久2年(1862年)12月、幕末の混乱による正銭の流通量減少による商取引上の困難を緩和するために十六文及び二十四文という小額面の銭札を発行した。
- In the Shinano Province, the Sengoku clan in Yazawa, Chiisagata County (present Tonoshiro, Ueda City, Nagano Prefecture) issued small amount of zeni-satsu (a kind of Han-satsu) such as 16 mon (a unit of currency) paper money and 24 mon paper money in January 1863, to mitigate the difficult situation in trade that had been caused by the shortage of government-issued money due to the confusion that occurred during the end of the Edo period.
- しかしながら、早雲が歴史上に登場するのが50歳近く、本格的に活動するのが60歳を過ぎてから、最晩年の80歳をすぎても自ら兵を率いて戦っており、いかに矍鑠としていても少々異様であり、疑問に感じる者もいた。
- However, the appearance of Soun in history near the age of 50, coming into full bloom after 60 and still leading a battle after 80 would be quite odd, which brings this theory into question..
- 織田信長に仕えた頃からの陪臣として浅野長政、堀尾吉晴、山内一豊、中村一氏、竹中重治、樋口直房、脇坂安治、片桐且元、石田三成、黒田孝高、増田長盛などがおり、福島正則、加藤清正は幼少の頃から自身で養育する。
- Subordinate warriors since Hideyoshi served Nobunaga ODA were Nagamasa ASAI, Yoshiharu HORIO, Kazutoyo YAMANOUCHI, Kazuuji NAKAMURA, Shigeharu TAKENAKA, Naofusa Higuchi, Yasuharu WAKISAKA, Katsumoto KATAGIRI, Mitsunari ISHIDA, Takataka KURODA, Nagamori MASUDA and so on, and he raised Masanori FUKUSHIMA and Kiyomasa KATO from their childhood.
- 大宮邸には内大臣(頭中将)の娘の雲居の雁もひきとられており、二人は筒井筒の恋を育んでいた(もっとも「少女 (源氏物語)」では既に「いかなる御仲らひにかありけむ」と二人の深い関係を暗示するような文もある)。
- At the residence of Omiya, Kumoi no Kari, a daughter of the Minister of the Center (To no Chujo), is also taken in, so they are childhood friends and at the same time they nurture the love between them (however, the chapter of 'Otome' (The Maidens) states that 'they seem to be in an intimate relationship,' suggesting that they are already in a serious relationship.)
- 院政期仏画の特色としては、描写が繊細で豊かな色彩をもつ傾向があり、截金(切金)はじめ様々な工芸手法を用いたり、貴金属を散りばめたものが多く、きわめて装飾的な表現で描かれたものが少なくないことが挙げられる。
- The features of the Buddhist paintings in the Insei period have a tendency of delicate description with rich colors, common use of various craft methods including saikin (cut gold leaf), and sprinkled precious metals; it is characterized by evident decorative painting touch that was often used.
- 商人や職人に自由に利潤追求を許せば、その経済力によって支配階級が脅かされ、農民が重労働である農業を嫌って商工に転身する事により穀物の生産が減少して飢饉が発生し、ひいては社会秩序が崩壊すると考えたのである。
- The thought was that if merchants and artisans were allowed to freely pursuit profits, their wealth would threaten the ruling class and farmers would give up the hard labor of agriculture start new careers as sho or ko, decreasing agricultural output, leading to famine, and resulting in the collapse of the social order.
- 山口(旧姓成澤、養子のため改姓)は安政3年に幕臣の子として生まれ、義兄の英学者・翻訳家の渡部温(『イソップ寓話』の翻訳等で名高い)が沼津兵学校教授を務めていたため、幼時を沼津で過ごす(年少のため入学はせず)。
- Yamaguchi (original family name was Narisawa, changed as he was adopted) was born to a vassal of the shogun in 1856, growing up in Numadu because his brother-in-law On WATANABE, English scholar and translator, was a professor at Numadu Hei School (Numazu officer academy) (Yamaguchi was too young to enter).
- だが、朝倉氏との戦いは九頭竜川の戦いで敗れて逆に朝倉氏によって吉崎御坊は破壊された上に本願寺門徒への禁宗令が出され、蓮如以前からある数少ない末寺である超勝寺・本覚寺 (小松市)などは信者を連れて加賀に逃れた。
- However, Jitsunyo lost against the Asakura clan in the Battle of Kuzuryugawa, and the Asakura clan destroyed Yoshizaki Gobo in return and prohibited believing in the Ikko sect, so some of the few branch temples that had existed before Rennyo such as Chosho-ji Temple, Hongaku-ji Temple (in Komatsu City) escaped to Kaga with their followers.
- 少属の下に「史生」(しせい)→「職掌」(しきしょう)→「使部」(しぶ)→「直丁」(じきちょう)の下級職員と「侍長」(さむらいのおさ)→「侍」(さむらい)の警備職員、および「女孺」(にょじゅ)の女官が存在する。
- Under shosakan, there were lower class employees called Shisho, Shikisho, Shibu and Jikicho, security officers called Samurai no osa and Samurai, and female employees called 'Nyoju' (a court lady in a lower rank).
- だが、前述の外国人に対する等価引換が34万両、太政官布告による引換が判明分だけで157万両であり、現在判明している政府発行の悪質な金貨(事実上の贋貨)が381万両であるから、それよりも遥かに少ないことになる。
- However, the amount by the exchange in equal value for foreigners was 340 thousand ryo as mentioned above, and the amount by the exchange following the edict of Daijokan, which had become clear was 1.57 million ryo, while the amount of the bad quality gold coins (actually counterfeit coins) issued by the government, which is recognized today is 3.81 million ryo, so the former ones are much smaller than the latter.
- 近世における枕草子注釈の最高峰として、同じ年に刊印された加藤盤斎(1625-1674)の『清少納言枕草紙抄』を圧倒したばかりでなく、明治まで版を重ねて広く流布した(元禄の頃にはすでに海賊版が横行したという)。
- As the pinnacle of commentary on 'Makura no Soshi' in the early modern period, it not only overwhelmed Bansai KATO's (1625 - 1674) 'Seishonagon Makura no Soshi Sho,' another commentary on 'The Pillow Book' which was published the same year, but it was also widely circulated in multiple editions until the Meiji period (it is said that pirated editions were already commonplace circa the Genroku era (1688 - 1703).
- 一般に日本に火縄銃を伝えたのはポルトガル人とされており、欧州の銃がそのまま持ち込まれたと思われがちであるが、当時日本で南蛮人と呼ばれたポルトガル人達の多くは、実はポルトガル本国から直接渡来した者は少なかった。
- Although it is generally believed that the Portuguese introduced matchlocks to Japan and that the European-style ones were brought in as they were, most Portuguese called Nanban-jin (literally, southern barbarians) in Japan at that time were actually not directly from Portugal.
- 幼少期、近所に使いで水瓶(豆腐と言う説もある)を持って歩いている時に、物陰に隠れていた悪童に驚かされた時、西郷は水瓶を地面に置いた上で、心底、驚いた表現をして、その後何事も無かったかのように水瓶を運んで行った。
- There was one time, when he was little, that he was walking with a water bottle (another theory has it that it was a soybean curd) and a mischevious boy surprised him from a hiding place, and Saigo, terrified and dropped the water bottle on the ground, but then thereafter he picked up the water bottle as if nothing had happened.
- 勝家はこれに反対したが、池田恒興や丹羽長秀らが秀吉を支持し、さらに秀吉が幼少の三法師を信孝が後見人とすべきであるという妥協案を提示したため、勝家も秀吉の意見に従わざるを得なくなり、三法師が信長の後継者となった。
- Katsuie disagreed with Hideyoshi but had to follow him because Tuneoki IKEDA and Nagahide NIWA supported Hideyoshi and Hideyoshi showed a compromise to put Nobutaka as young Sanposhi's guardian, so Sanposhi became Nobunaga's heir.
- もっとも、『枕草子』には紫式部の亡夫・藤原宣孝が派手な衣装で御嵩詣を行った逸話や従兄弟・藤原信経を清少納言がやり込めた話が記されており、こうした記述は紫式部の才能を脅威に感じて記したものであるという説も存在する。
- However, some suppositions exist that, feeling threatened by her, she wrote the following anecdote in 'The Pillow Book': FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, Murasaki Shikibu's late husband, went to Mitake dressing gaudily; or Sei Shonagon talked down about her cousin, FUJIWARA no Nobutsune.
- 能筆家であった実隆は、将棋の駒 (将棋)の文字を書いたとする記述も多く、文明 (日本)13年(1481年)に鞍馬寺(実隆が幼少を過ごした疎開先でもあった)の杉本寂慶が所望したため駒書きを行っているのが最初である。
- According to the diary, Sanetaka, who was a good calligrapher, wrote characters on shogi pieces, and he first wrote them at the behest of Jakkei SUGIMOTO of the Kurama-dera Temple (where Sanetaka stayed to evacuate in his childhood) in 1481.
- しかし、肉料理が出ないのは未開だから、という偏見や、総じて生ものや薄味の料理が多かったのと、一品当たりの量がアメリカ人にとっては少なかったようで、ペリーは「日本はもっといいものを隠しているはずだ」と述懐している。
- However, the lack of the meat dish made the Americans have prejudice toward Japan as the country inhabited by uncivilized people; also in general, it seems that there were many raw food dishes and that there were great many dishes with light seasoning and that the volume for each dish was not enough for the Americans; according to Perry, 'Japan should have something better and that Japanese people should have hidden that which something better.'
- ただ、高田敬輔とその門人たちに特徴的な技法を用いていることなどから、少なくとも高田敬輔の画風を学んだことは間違いないだろうと、高田敬輔研究の第一人者である國賀由美子氏(滋賀県立近代美術館主任学芸員)は述べている。
- According to the leading expert on Keiho TAKADA, Ms. Yumiko KUNIGA (Chief Curator of The Museum of Modern Art, Shiga), however, Shohaku was using a technique characteristic of TAKADA Keiho and his students and thus must at least have studied the painting style of Keiho TAKADA.
- 「けいき様」と「けいきさん」の2つの呼び方が確認でき、現代においても少なくなりつつあると思われるが「けいきさん」の呼び方が静岡に限らず各地で確認でき、どちらの場合でも“かなりの親しみ”を込めて使われる場合が多い。
- The use of the two names 'Keiki-sama' and 'Keiki-san' has been confirmed, and even though it seems to have become uncommon in the modern days, the use of 'Keiki-san' is not limited to Shizuoka but is confirmed in various regions; in both cases the name is often used with much affection.
- これは『陸奥話記』の巻末に「少生、但千里之外タルヲ以テ」<わたくしは、(陸奥からは)遠く離れた場所のものなので>とあり、作者が東国とかかわった武士ではなく、都の貴族であることを示唆しているのともかかわると思われる。
- It is thought that the words 'I am far away (from Mutsu)' at the end of 'Mutsuwa-ki' indicate that its author was not a samurai linked to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) but was instead a noble in the capital.
- 光琳の作品には制作年代を確定できるものは少ないが、多くの作品に「法橋光琳」の落款(サイン)が見られることから、彼が本格的な絵画を制作したのは法橋位を得た44歳以後、59歳で没するまでの十数年間であると推定されている。
- There are very few works by Korin that can be dated; however, many of his works are signed and sealed as Hokyo Korin, suggesting that his works were mostly created ove a period of a little more than 10 years, between the time he bacame a Hokyo at the age of 44 and his passing at the age of 59.
- だが、江戸時代に入ると、主君である征夷大将軍あるいは大名への土地支配権力の集中や藩中央と家臣の年貢米売却の競合による米価下落に伴う換金収入減少など財政上の都合から、地方知行を止めて蔵米知行に切り替える場合が増加した。
- During the early Edo period, however, more and more lords gave up Jigatachigyo in favor of Kuramaichigyo; this was due to land ruling power being concentrated in the hands of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'); it was also due to financial reasons, such as a decrease in income as a consequence of rice falling in price caused by competition between domains and vassals in annual rice tax sales.
- (2005年には岡山県灘崎町の縄文時代前期(約6000年前)の地層から大量のプラントオパールが見つかり、少なくとも約3500年前からすでに陸稲(熱帯ジャポニカ米)による稲作が行われていたとする学説が数多く発表された。)
- (In 2005, large amounts of plant opals were found from a stratum of the early Jomon period [approximately 6,000 years ago], in Nadasaki-cho, Okayama Prefecture, and many theories stating that rice cultivation with a rice plant grown in a dry field [tropical Japonica rice] was practiced at least from 3,500 years ago, were proposed.)
- ただし、苗木供給体制の整備が進行中(少花粉スギの苗木供給を平成29年までに約1,100万本へ増強する計画)であること、森林所有者がスギ材価の低迷で伐採・植え替えに応じにくい環境にあることから、実行性はなお不透明である。
- However, its effectiveness is unclear as maintenance of the seedling supply system is ongoing (the plan is to increase the supply of low-pollen Japanese cedar seedlings to approximately 11 million by the year 2017) and forest owners find it difficult to consider felling or transplantation due to the low price of cedar wood.
- 本文中(手習の巻)に現れる「夕霧」(より正確には「夕霧の御息所」)という表記が「夕霧」という巻名に基づくと見られるとする理由により少なくとも夕霧を初めとするいくつかの巻名は作者自身が名付けたものであろうとする見解もある。
- Some people think that at least a few of the titles, such as 'Yugiri,' were applied by the author because the word 'Yugiri' (more precisely, 'Yugiri, concubine of the Emperor') which appears in the text (Tenarai), is based on the chapter's name.
- 中国の正史・『隋書』「」には、「」(その俗(中略)自餘は軽重をもって(中略)あるいは杖す)とあり俀國(倭国)において7世紀初頭には既に杖罪が存在していた事が記されており、その起源は少なくとも6世紀にまで遡れるようである。
- The beginning of flogging can at least be traced back to the sixth century, because there is a record in China's official history book Suisho (The Book of the Sui Dynasty) which says 'in this world (…) otherwise depending on the severity (…) they get flogged', which shows that this kind of punishment existed in Yamato (Japan) at the beginning of the seventh century.
- 関東での源為義派の父義賢と、伯父の義朝の対立の過程で、父の義賢が甥の源義平に討たれた後、幼少の義仲は 畠山重能、斎藤実盛らの援助で信濃国(長野県)に逃れ、木曾谷の豪族、中原兼遠の庇護下に育ち、通称を「木曾次郎」と名乗る。
- During the conflict between his uncle Yoshitomo and his father Yoshikata in Kanto who sided with MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, Yoshitaka was defeated by his nephew Yoshihira; with the help of Shigeyoshi HATAKEYAMA and Sanemori SAITO young Yoshinaka evacuated to Shinano Province (Nagano Prefecture) after his father's defeat, grew up under the wing of Kaneto NAKAHARA, the powerful clan in Kisodani, and went by his popular name of 'Jiro KISO.'
- ただ、『愚管抄』に保元の乱についての話が「少々アルトカヤウケタマハレドモ、イマダ見侍ラズ」とあること、また永仁5年(1297年)成立の『普通唱導集』に「平治・保元・平家の物語」が琵琶法師によって語られたことが記されている。
- 'Gukansho' mentions the Hogen Disturbance, saying, 'Although I have heard there may be a little something of the sort, I have not been able to see it,' and 'Futsu-shodo shu (A Selection of Ordinary Advocates),' completed in 1297, says that 'Tales of Heiji, Hogen and Heike' were told by Biwa-hoshi (a blind minstrel who played the biwa (lute)).
- 平安時代後期以後は、実質上の最高職である左右馬頭に河内源氏の著名な武者が相次いで任じられた事から馬寮の職は武士の憧れの官職の一つとされた(平安時代末期格式など規定されていた実際の大允・少允の定員は計二十名であったと言う)。
- After the late Heian period, by reason that prominent samurai of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) was successively assigned to Sama no kami and Uma no kami which were substantially the highest post, the post of Meryo was regarded as one of the government posts longed for by samurai (it is said that the full number of Daijo (Senior Secretary) and Shojo (Junior Secretary) was 20 in total as regulated in the Kakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)) at the end of Heian period).
- その内容は、竹の中から生まれた少女が、領主の息子たちから求婚を受けたが難題をつけて退け、かねてより想いを寄せていた男性と結ばれるという話だが、中でも求婚の部分は宝物の数、内容、男性側のやりとりや結末などが非常に酷似している。
- The story is that a girl being born from a bamboo shoot comes to be asked to marry by sons of a feudal lord, but she refuses them giving difficult tasks, and she is wedded to a man whom she has loved for a long time in the end; especially the number of treasures in the scene of courtship, the treasures themselves, conversation with the men, and the ending are quite similar to Taketori Monogatari.
- 九卿に入る職として礼儀祭祀を担う太常、宮中警備を担う光禄勲、宮門警備を担う衛尉、車馬の管理を担う太僕、司法を担う廷尉、来朝者の応対・接遇を担う大鴻臚、皇族の処遇を担う宗正、国家財政を担う大司農、宮中財政を担う少府などがある。
- As posts included in Kyukei, Taijo in charge of courtesy and religious service, Korokukun in charge of security of the Imperial Court, Eii in charge of security of the Imperial Palace's gates, Taiboku in charge of vehicles and horses, Teii in charge of justice, Daikoro in charge of serving and treating visitors to the Dynasty, Sosei in charge of treatment of the Imperial family, Daishino in charge of state finance, and Shofu in charge of the Imperial Court's finance existed.
- しかし、平地式住居の場合、生活面が削平されて(けずられて)しまうと生活の痕跡の大半が失われてしまうことから、住居として把握することがきわめて困難になってしまうため、これまでに把握された平地式住居の具体的な例はきわめて少ない。
- However flat-land dwellings loses most of the evidence of living when living surface is scraped and it is very difficult to recognize it as a dwelling therefore very few clear examples of flat-land dwellings have been discovered.
- 『源氏物語』がどのような経過で成立したのかを根拠付ける外部資料は少なくとも今のところ存在せず、また『更級日記』などの記述を見ても成立してほど無い時期から『源氏物語』は今のような五十四帖全てが完成した形で読まれてきたと考えられる。
- At present, there is no outside material that allows us to discern how 'The Tale of Genji' was composed, but descriptions such as 'Sarashina Nikki' suggest that 'The Tale of Genji' was read in the form of 54 chapters.
- 『養老令』によると「凡縁東辺北辺西辺諸郡人居、皆於城堡内安置。其営田之所、唯置庄舎。至農時堪営作者、出就庄田 謂、強壮者出就田舎、老少者留在堡内也。収歛訖勒還 謂、要勒而還於城堡也。」との記述があり、考古学の成果とほぼ一致する。
- For the most part, the descriptions '凡縁東辺北辺西辺諸郡人居、皆於城堡内安置。其営田之所、唯置庄舎。至農時堪営作者、出就庄田 謂、強壮者出就田舎、老少者留在堡内也。収歛訖勒還 謂、要勒而還於城堡也。' in Yoro-ryo (Yoro Code) correspond to what has been found in archaeology.
- 石原は「神武会」に政財界や軍部の大物を参加させることで会を発展させようとし、中川のほか菊池武夫陸軍中将・男爵、南郷次郎海軍少将、千坂智次郎海軍中将、田中国重陸軍大将、原道太海軍大佐、外交官の本田熊多郎らにも参加を持ちかけていた。
- ISHIHARA intended to expand the society by incorporating prominent figures in the political and economic circles as well as the military, and besides NAKAGAWA, he also invited the lieutenant general (army) and baron Takeo KIKUCHI, major general (navy) Jiro NANGO, lieutenant general (navy) Tomojiro Chisaka, general (army) Kunishige TANAKA, general (navy) Michita HARA, and the diplomat Kumataro HONDA among others, to participate in the society.
- 石見銀山を領内に抱える毛利元就は石州丁銀などを発行し、黒川金山など多くの金山を抱える武田信玄による甲州金は、徳川幕府の小判の通貨体系(両、分、朱)に引き継がれ、上杉謙信も天正越座金を発行したとされるが、いずれも現存数は稀少である。
- It is said that Motonari MORI, who had the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in his territory, issued Sekishu chogin, etc., that Koshu Kin (gold coins) were minted by Shingen TAKEDA, who had many gold mines such as the Kurokawa Gold Mine, etc., and were succeeded by the koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) currency system (ryo, bu, shu) of the Tokugawa shogunate, and that Kenshin UESUGI issued Tensho Etsuza Kin; however in each case very few actual examples of them currently exist.
- 雲居の雁という名前は本文中には現れず、夕霧と引き離された心情を「雲居の雁もわがごとや(晴れない霧の中を飛ぶ雁は今の私と同じような気持ちなのだろうか)」と口ずさんだ「少女 (源氏物語)」巻のエピソードに因み、後世の人が名づけたもの。
- The name 'Kumoi no kari' does not appear in the text, and she was named so by posterity after the episode in the volume 'Shojo (girl)' (Genji Monogatari) in which she hummed 'Kumoi no kari mo wagagotoya (if a goose flying in the fog feels as I do now)' expressing her sentiment after having been forced to part with Yugiri.
- 太政官符・太政官牒の発給には直接の担当者ではない少納言や外記が関与したり、天皇の御璽の請印などが必要とされたために、手続が煩雑でしかも間に儀礼的な文書授受や請印を求めるための儀礼が加わるなど、緊急時には対応が出来ないものであった。
- The daijokanpu or dajokancho was not fit for emergencies because shonagon and geki, who were not directly in charge of their issuance, were implicated, because the imperial stamp was needed for their issuance and because the procedures were complicated and often necessitated ceremonious events: exchange of documents, stamping etc.
- 複数回評議した記録や少数意見に関する記載についても載せられており、また公事方御定書の法解釈について触れていることから、御定書とともに極秘の扱いを受け、評定所・町奉行・勘定奉行・寺社奉行・京都所司代・大坂城代のみが保管を許されていた。
- It annotated records of cases which were deliberated several times and minority opinions, and since it touched on the legal interpretations of Kujigata Osadamegaki (the law of the Edo bakufu), it was treated, together with the Osadamegaki, as highly confidential information which only the machi-bugyo (town magistrate), kanjo bugyo (the commissioner of finance), jisha bugyo (the magistrate of temples and shrines), Kyoto shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy), and Keeper of Osaka Castle were allowed to store.
- 表面上部に桐紋を囲む扇枠、中央上部に長方形枠の「貮分」、下部に「光次(花押)」、裏面は中央に花押、左下に小判師のものと思われる極印が打たれ、現存極めて稀少であり一枚は造幣博物館が所蔵しているが、試鋳貨幣的な存在であったと考えられる。
- There is fan shape frame around Kiri-mon (paulownia patterns) on the upper part of its head, 'Nibu' with rectangular frame on the upper center, 'Mitsutsugu (Kao[written seal mark]) 'on the lower part, Kao on the center of tail, imprinted hallmark which likely to be Kobanshi's on the lower left, and it is thought to be like a proof coin because it scarcely exists now, one of which Mint Museum owners.
- 第1条では、太政官時代には(実際の事例は少ないものの)原則として天皇はいつでも閣議に臨御して自由に意見を述べることが出来たが、今後は総理大臣の要請がない限りは閣議には加わらないことになり、総理大臣が閣議の主宰者であることを確認した。
- In Dajokan days, (although there were only few actual cases,) the Emperor could attend cabinet meetings basically anytime he wished and was free to say his opinion, but the Article 1 confirmed that the Emperor would not attend the cabinet meeting unless requested by the Prime Minister and recognized the Prime Minister as the host of the cabinet meeting.
- 実際に国会質疑等でも取り上げられてはいるが、答弁はその場しのぎのごまかしを繰り返すばかりであり、大きな進展はない(こうしたことは林野庁の予算が少ないためであり、国が第一次産業を軽視しているのが根本的な原因との見方もないわけではない)。
- Diet discussions take place but lead only to repeated ad hoc piecemeal measures with no major progress made (there are those who consider the fundamental reasons of this to be the small budget allocated to the Forestry Agency and neglect of the nation's primary industry).
- なお、検地による石盛の修正があった場合、石盛の増加分を石盛出目(こくもりでめ)、減少分を石盛違引(こくもりちがいびき)と称し、土地の名目が上昇(畠→田)を石間出石(こくましゅっこく)、反対に下落(田→畠)を石間引(こくまびき)と称した。
- Furthermore, when Kokumori was to be revised in a land survey, an increase in Kokumori was called 'Kokumori-deme' and a decrease was called 'Kokumori-chigaibiki'; the term used when upgrading a piece of land (e.g.: from a field to a rice paddy) became called 'Kokuma-shukkoku' and downgrading (e.g.: from a rice paddy to a field) became called 'Kokuma-biki.'
- 更に今日かつての平安京からは当時の唐物の代表的商品である中国製陶器が多数発掘されており、遣唐使の減少にも関わらず平安遷都以後においても中国から大量の陶器が流入しており、それらの多くは民間の商人の手によってもたらされていたと考えられている。
- Today, many potteries, the flagship product of karamono (things imported from China) that time have been excavated from the remains of Heiankyo, and many think that although the number of the Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China declined, and even after the transfer of national capital to the city of Heiankyo, many potteries were brought from China into Japan and many of those were brought by private merchants.
- 静之窟が万葉集(巻3-355)に収められている生石村主真人(おいしのすぐりのまひと)の「大汝少彦名乃将座志都乃石室者幾代将経(おほなむち すくなひこのいましけむ しつのいわやは いくよへにけむ)」の「志都乃石室」ではないかとする説がある。
- There is a theory that Shizu no iwaya could be the one that was depicted in a Oishi no Suguri no Mahito's poem in Manyoshu (Volume 3-355) 'Onamuchi and Sukunahikona lived in Shizu no iwaya; how many generations that have been passed by?'
- 田安家徳川宗武の七男・松平定信(後の松平定信)が幼少の頃から英明を謳われ、後継と目されたが、時の権力者・老中田沼意次や、子の徳川家斉(後の家斉)を推す徳川治済(一橋家当主)らの画策で、陸奥国白河藩主・松平定邦の養子にさせられたとも言われる。
- The seventh son of Munetake TOKUGAWA of the Tayasu family, Masamaru (later Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA), was famous for his intelligence since childhood and considered to be a successor, but roju Okitsugu TANUMA, an influential person in those times, and Harusada TOKUGAWA (the head of Hitotsubashi family) who backed up his son Ienari TOKUGAWA made him being adopted as a son of Sadakuni MATSUDAIRA, the lord of Shirakawa Domain in Mutsu Province.
- だが、戦場にあっては長谷堂の戦いの様な逸話を残し、一方で古今典籍に通じ文人との交流を好んだ文武両道の人物というイメージは、その戦歴や『前田慶次道中日記』などの数少ない資料から得られる人物像と照らし合わせて見る限りでは、極端に外れてはいない。
- However, based on his war history and the little historic information currently available, such as the 'Maeda Keiji Dochu Nikki (Diary of the Travels of Keiji Maeda)', the stories of his actions at the Battle of Hasedo and the image of him as both a good warrior and a respected scholar of old and new literature who enjoyed the company of writers, is probably not be too far from the truth.
- 「得意げに真名(漢字)を書き散らしているが、よく見ると間違いも多いし大した事はない」(「清少納言こそ したり顔にいみじうはべりける人 さばかりさかしだち 真名書き散らしてはべるほども よく見れば まだいと足らぬこと多かり」『紫日記』黒川本)、
- Sei Shonagon is a jerk who acts proudly. Chinese characters, she blots in a wise, have full of mistakes.'('Murasaki Diary' Kurokawabon (type of manuscript))
- 巻末の跋文によれば、執筆の動機および命名の由来は、内大臣藤原伊周が妹中宮藤原定子と一条天皇に当時まだ高価だった料紙を献上した時、「帝の方は『史記』を書写なさったが、こちらは如何に」という宮の下問を受けた清少納言が、「枕にこそは侍らめ」と即答した。
- According to an afterword to the book, her motive for writing the book and the origin of the title came from the episode in which, when Naidaijin (minister of the center) FUJIWARA no Korechika presented to his younger sister FUJIWARA no Empress Teishi and Emperor Ichijo a bundle of paper, which was still expensive in those days, the Empress inquired, 'Emperor used the paper to copy 'Shiki (Records of the Grand Historian),' what do you think we could write on this?' to which Sei Shonagon answered, 'it (the book) would be good to use as a pillow.'
- また、現在のように調査・研究の対象となる価値のある写本が公的な施設や大学等の研究機関よりも大名や公家の流れを汲む名家や個人の資産家に多く所蔵されていた時代であり、写本の調査を拒否されたり、許されてもさまざまな制約を付けられる場合も少なくなかった。
- Also, unlike today, it was the time when manuscripts that were valuable enough to be used for investigation and study were owned by distinguished families who were descended from daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) or court nobles, and wealthy persons, so he often met with refusals to investigate manuscripts and even if he was allowed to do it, there were various restrictions.
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- 享保豆板銀/正徳豆板銀(きょうほうまめいたぎん/しょうとくまめいたぎん)は享保丁銀(正徳丁銀)と同品位の豆板銀で、「(大黒像)、常是」または「常是、寳」の極印が打たれ、慶長丁銀慶長豆板銀と同形式であるが、平たい円形のものが多く変形したものは少ない。
- The karat of kyohomameita-gin and shotokumameita-gin was the same as that of kyoho-chogin (shotoku-chogin) where hallmark of '(daikokuzo), joze' or 'joze, ho'was inscribed and its style was the same as that of keicho-chogin keichomameita-gin, and many were flat and round with few numbers of deformed one.
- だが、実際に添簡が発給されることは少なく、このため訴訟を起こすことすら抑圧された人々は結果的に駕籠訴・駆込訴・捨訴・張訴などの直訴を用いて越訴を行う他無く、場合によっては門訴・一揆・強訴・打ちこわしなどの徒党を組んだ強硬手段を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, actual tenkan were rarely issued, therefore, people whose suits were restricted had no other way of making osso by means of jikiso such as kagoso (jikiso to Daikan or Daimyo in a palanquin), kakekomi uttae (direct petition to the supreme court, magistrate's office, influential person of the bakufu and so on), suteso (leaving a petition in front of the gate of the supreme court and so on), hariso (pasting a petition in front of the gate of a roju's [senior councilor] residence or a government office) and so on, and in some cases they had to take hard-line measures by forming a faction for monso (petition by people gathering before the gate of the residence of a feudal lord or Daikan), ikki (uprising), goso (direct petition with the abuse of religious authority by armed priests or jinin [associates of Shinto shrines] to the Imperial Court or the bakufu), uchikowasi (destructive urban riots) and so on.
- 『小右記』永延2年12月4日 (旧暦)(989年1月14日)及び翌日条によれば、権中納言藤原道長が自らが推挙した甘南備永資が省試に落ちた腹いせに式部少輔橘淑信を強引に捕えて自邸まで引き回したために父親の摂政藤原兼家より一時勘当された事件が記されている。
- Articles in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated January 14, 989 and the next day states that Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) FUJIWARA no Michinaga got disowned by his father, Sessho (regent) FUJIWARA no Kaneie: it was because Michinaga ordered the capture of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial) TACHIBANA no Yoshinobu and brought him forcibly to his house when he got upset knowing that Nagasuke KANNABI, whom Michinaga recommended, failed the shoshi exam.
- 捜索は、生存者の証言と行軍計画を参照して行軍ルートを割出し、そのルートを重点として、横幅30m(およそ30人一列)になって、其々が所持する長さ10m程の竹棒を雪中に突き刺しながら前進し、少しでも違和感がある手応えを感知するとその下を掘削する方法が採られた。
- The method of searching was like this; determining the marching route according to the stoies of the survivors and the marching plans, making people walk forward along that route in a 30 meters wide line (about 30 people in one line) stabbing a 10 meter long stick into the snow, and digging up the places where something strange was felt.
- しかし、実際の教育現場では「天皇陛下から賜ったものを授業で汚すなど畏れ多い」という理由で少数部が桐箱に納められて厳重に保管されて校長などわずかな人物しか見ることが許されないという極めて厳重な取り扱い方を受けた(もちろん、そのような趣旨で頒布された訳ではない)。
- At school, however, some of the books, being treated courteously, were kept and stored safe in a box made of paulownia wood, because 'The book was granted by the Emperor and we fear soiling it in a classroom' thus allowing only a few important figures such as a principal to see: it is, without question, not the aim of the distribution, though.
- 九州には、征西将軍宮懐良親王を擁する南朝方の菊池氏や、足利方の九州探題で博多を本拠とした一色範氏(道猷)、大宰府の少弐頼尚らの勢力が鼎立していたところ、直冬は、将軍尊氏より直冬の討伐命令を受けた一色氏らと戦い、懐良親王の征西府と協調路線を取り大宰府攻略を目指す。
- In Kyushu, where the Kikuchi clan of the Southern Court faction, which was protecting Prince Kaneyoshi, who was a both a member of the imperial family and the seisai taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians'), Noriuji ISSHIKI (Doken), who was the Kyushu tandai (regional commissioner in Kyushu) under the ASHIKAGA clan and was based in the Hakata district, and Yorinao SHONI, who was an official of Dazaifu (governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki and Tsushima under the ritsuryo system), had been in contention with each other, Tadafuyu fought against the Isshiki clan, who had received the order from Shogun Takauji to subjugate Tadafuyu, and cooperated with the Seisaifu government of Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, with the aim of capturing Dazaifu.
- なお、神火の発生は蝦夷征討期の東国に特に集中しており、森田悌は蝦夷征討によって東国において軍事的・経済的負担が強まり、政治的不満がこうした事件を引き起こす一因としてあったこと、国司の受領化によって国司と郡司の関係が変化したことが、神火事件減少の原因と推定している。
- And jinka happened especially centering on Togoku during the period of the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in eastern Japan, and for Tei MORITA, military and economical burdens became heavy in Togoku because of the subjection of indigenous inhabitants in eastern Japan and the political dissatisfaction made such incidents happen as one factor, and kokushi became zuryo (provincial governor) and thus the relation between kokushi and gunji changed, which is assumed to have been the cause of decrease of jinka incidents.
- 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
- When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
- 大江匡房が康和2年(1100年)に、安楽寺(大宰府にあった菅原道真を弔う寺)に「安楽寺に参ず」(『本朝続文粋』所収)という詩を作り、その中で「累葉廊下の末葉たり」とあることから、少なくても平安時代後期までは菅原氏代々の文章博士によって継続されていたと考えられている。
- As a couplet in a poem titled 'Anraku-ji ni sanzu' (Visited Anraku-ji Temple) (contained in 'Honcho zoku monzui' (Further Anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese) composed by OE no Masafusa in 1100 to Anraku-ji Temple (SUGAWARA no Michizane's mortuary temple located in Dazaifu) had it 'Ruiyo roka no matsuyo tari' (I was the last leaf in a heap of leaves in the hallway), it could be estimated that the school had been kept by generations of the Monjo hakase of the Sugawara clan and at least until the late Heian period.
- 『日本後紀』にある広世の父・和気清麻呂の薨条(延暦18年2月乙未(21日)条)に、広世が式部少輔と大学別当(大学頭)を兼務し、父・清麻呂の遺志を継いで大学寮の南側にあった私邸を弘文院として内外の経書数千巻を集め、また墾田40町を寄付して学問料を支給したと記されている。
- The entry for the date when Hiroyo's father WAKE no Kiyomaro died (April 4, 799) in 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) contains the description that -- Hiroyo concurrently assumed the offices of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonies) and Daigaku Betto (Chancellor of the University) (Daigaku no kami; Director of the Bureau of Education), and, as his father Kiyomaro had wished, located his private residence south of the daigaku-ryo the Kobunin where he collected thousands of Chinese classics from inside and outside Japan, and donated 0.4 square kilometers of new rice fields for awarding scholarship funds.
- 茣蓙目の細かいものは前期、粗目で均質な製作となった元禄小判に類似するものは明暦の大火以降に鋳造されたと推定され後期鋳とされるが、約95年に亘る発行とはいえ初期に多量に鋳造され、その後産金の減少に伴い鋳造が衰退したと推定されることもあり、現実に後期のほうが現存数は少ない。
- Keicho Kobans with fine straw matt mark were casted in the early period and the ones made coarsely and uniformly resembling Genroku Koban (oval coin) were thought to be cast in the late period, after the Great Fire of Meireki, and during about 95 years of issuance of Keicho Koban, it was presumed that it was cast in large number in the eary period, but became less in the late period according to the declining volume of gold production, and actually now more Keicho Koban in the late period remain.
- 慶長期は銀座 (歴史)へ年間16,000貫程度の寄銀があったのに対し、日本国内の産銀が減少した後の元禄7年(1694年)には銀座に納入された灰吹銀が1,973貫、買灰吹銀3,297の計5,090貫程度となっており、形式が規格化された後期のほうが産銀量に伴い現存数が少ない。
- In Keicho era (1596-1615), 16,000 kan (unit of weight) of silver was contributed to ginza (history)(organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during Edo period), but in 1694 when silver production in Japan was reduced, total cupellated silver contributed to ginza was 5,090 kan in total including 1,973 kan of kogi (shogunate) cupellated silver and 3,297 kan of kai (buying) cupellated silver from feudal lords, and in the latter period when the form was regulated,.the remaining amount of silver declined in accordance with the production amount.
- 一方、中央の朝廷(律令政府)もこれを抑止するどころか、8世紀末期の平安京造営と蝦夷討伐の費用の捻出のために不動穀の一部を中央に上供させたり、不動穀の財源である田租の中から国税にあたる年料租舂米・年料別納租穀を抽出したため、結果的に貯蔵に回す稲穀の量は減少することになった。
- On the other hand, the Imperial Court in the capital, which was the government based on ritsuryo system, did not suppress this use of fudokoku; the government itself needed funds to build Heiankyo (ancient capital in curent Kyoto) at the end of the eighth century and to send an expedition to subjugate Ezo (northerners), so that it ordered a part of fudokoku to be delivered to the capital; also the government extracted the national taxes of nenryo soshomai (milled rice to be provided to officials) and nenryo betsuno sokoku (rice in the husk to be provided to officials) from the rice field tax that should have been stored as fudokoku; it resulted in a decrease in the amount of rice in the husk to be stored.
- 第二に、長崎貿易は大幅な輸入超過であることを鑑み(つまり、金銀が海外に流出することを意味した。金銀の海外流出は貨幣の裏づけが金銀である以上、国内の貨幣流通量を減少させることとなり、景気を冷え込ませることを意味した)、1715年海舶互市新例(長崎新令)を発布し、長崎貿易を制限した。
- The second action taken in considering Japan's import surplus through the trade in Nagasaki, was restricting the international trade through Nagasaki by issuing a new law in 1715 to limit the amount of international trade called 'Kaihakugoshi shinrei' or 'Nagasaki shinrei' (which meant that gold and silver were drained out of Japan; and the outflow of gold and silver meant the decrease of the domestic circulation of money and eventually indicated the risk of cooling economy because the currency was backed by the amount of gold and silver at that time).
- 毛屋主水曰く「敵は多く我は少なし。我若し一歩を退かば彼必ず追撃し我兵殲きん死は一成り寧ろ進んで死するに若かず且つ我兵一致団結して奮進すれば必ず敵の一部を突破せん。我その機に乗じて退却すれば或は軍を全うするを得ん。是れ武田勝頼が長篠の敗後に攻勢に出て敵の追撃を遅緩ならしめたる故智なり」と。
- Shusui KEYA said, 'The enemy are many and we are few. If we retreat one step backwards, the enemy will definitely give chase and our troops will be cut down, but if we try to advance and face death with all of our troops act together, we will definitely break through our enemy. If we use the chance to retreat, our troops might make it. This was the trick that Katsuyori TAKEDA used after the loss at the Battle of Nagashino, where he attacked in order to discourage the pursuit of his enemies.'
- しかし、「いずれの御時にか」で始まる『源氏物語』と違い、「少年の春は惜しめども留まらぬものなりければ、弥生の二十日余になりぬ」(有朋堂文庫)と始まる書き出しは、白居易の漢詩や『古今和歌集』の名歌を踏まえ、従妹源氏の宮への遂げられぬ恋に起因する狭衣の煩悶を描き、現実を意識したものとなっている。
- However, unlike 'Genji Monogatari' which begins 'in a certain era,' 'Sagoromo Monogatari' begins with 'The springtime of youth does not stop, for it is already around the 20th day of the third month' (Yuhodo Bunko), which is based on a Chinese poem and a famous poem from 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and depicts Sagoromo's anguish caused by his unrequited love for his younger female cousin Genji no Miya while being true to reality.
- しかし、清盛は少年の頃より親王にも等しい待遇を受け、11歳で元服と同時に叙爵されて従五位下、17歳にして既に従四位下にまで官位を上げ、保元の乱の10年も前に正四位下となり公卿の地位の一歩手前にまで達しており、対して義朝は保元の乱の直前に叙爵されて従五位下・下野守となりようやく受領レベルとなった。
- However, Kiyomori had been treated as an imperial prince since his childhood, and his rank was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) when he was 11 years old at the ceremony of his coming of age, Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) at age 17, and Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) at 10 years before the Hogen Rebellion, and he was almost Kugyo (the top court official), while Yoshitomo was rewarded by being named Jugoinoge and kokushu of Shimotsuke Province as Zuryo (the highest official of province) just before the Hogen Rebellion.
- 明治以後多くの現代語訳の試みがなされ、与謝野晶子や谷崎潤一郎の訳本が何度か出版されたが、昭和初期から「皇室を著しく侮辱する内容がある」との理由で、光源氏と藤壺女御の逢瀬などを二次創作物に書き留めたり上演することなどを政府から厳しく禁じられたこともあり、訳本の執筆にも少なからず制限がかけられていた。
- After the Meiji period, many people tried to make modern translations, and translations by Akiko YOSANO and Junichiro TANIZAKI were published several times; however, beginning in the early Showa period the government prohibited the production or performance of stories adapted from the scene of a secret meeting of Hikaru Genji and Fujitsubo due to the reason that 'it includes a scene insulting to the Imperial Family,' so even the translation was restricted more than a little.
- 青海波の様子は『玉葉』や『安元御賀日記』などにも詳細に記されており、臨席した藤原隆房はその様子を「維盛少将出でて落蹲(らくそん)入綾をまふ、青色のうえのきぬ、すほうのうへの袴にはへたる顔の色、おももち、けしき、あたり匂いみち、みる人ただならず、心にくくなつかしきさまは、かざしの桜にぞことならぬ」と書いている。
- The way he danced the Seigaiha play was described in detail in diaries including 'Gyokuyo' (Kanezane KUJO's diary) and 'Angen Onga no Nikki' (the record of the ceremony celebrating Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's 50th birthday), where FUJIWARA no Takafusa, who attended the ceremony, describes the scene as 'Koremori comes out and dances a Rakuson dragon dance in the Iriaya style, wearing a blue Uenokinu coat and an Uenohakama kilt that matched his complexion, his expression, and his aura, which filled the atmosphere and fascinated the audience; the beauty and magnificence of his dance was no less than those of the cherry blossoms he was wearing.'
- その背景について、幼少の清和天皇が外祖父藤原良房の政治権力によって、異母兄惟喬親王を推す世論に反して擁立されたことに由来する政治基盤の不安定さを克服するために、幼い天皇の君徳の涵養を図るとともに、天皇への忠誠を官人教育を通じて強く認識させる目的によって、藤原良房と大春日雄継が導入を図ったものと考えられている。
- It is believed that FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and OKASUGA no Otsugu adopted this edition with the purpose of giving government officials an official education to foster allegiance to the Emperor, as well as to foster 'Kuntoku no Kanyo' in the young Emperor Seiwa, thereby tried to overcome the instability of political foundation, which was caused by the enthroning of the infant Emperor Seiwa, with the help of the political power of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, against public opinion that pushed for his paternal older half-brother, Imperial Prince Koretaka.
- また俳人の中には『連句をやると俳句が下手になる』と考えている人も少なからずいるのも原因の一つとも考えられる(一句の中に小宇宙を込める俳句に対して、連句は複数の句のつらなりであるが故に、次の句へのつなぎの余地を作るために、あえて一句の中に全てをこめない作り方をする、という特性から、そのように言われるものと推測される)。
- Moreover, quite a few haiku poets believe that 'composing renku will make my haiku worse,' which is also thought to contribute to renku's relative unpopularity (in a haiku, the poet can express his or her own little complete world, whereas in renku--which are sequences of linked verses, after all--each poet must leave conceptual space for additional thoughts to be added on, and thus cannot express any notion of completeness in any one verse; this is thought to be why many haiku poets look down on renku).
- 明治6年(1873年)の対朝鮮問題をめぐる政府首脳の軋轢は、6月に外務少記森山茂が釜山から帰って、李朝政府が日本の国書を拒絶したうえ、使節を侮辱し、居留民の安全が脅かされているので、朝鮮から撤退するか、武力で修好条約を締結させるかの裁決が必要であると報告し、それを外務少輔上野景範が内閣に議案として提出したことに始まる。
- Discord in the government and amongst the executives regarding the problem in Korea in 1873 began after Shigeru MORIYAMA, who held the rank of Gaimu-shoki, returned from Busan, and the Yi Dynasty Korea insulted the ambassador after refusing the Japanese sovereign's message, so he reported that it would be necessary to either decide to evacuate from Korea, or to conclude the conclusion problem of treaty of amity by force, and Kagenori UENO with Gaimu-sho title submitted these reports to the ministry as a bill.
- 世界には五色人(いついろひと。黄人(きびと、日本人を含むアジア人)、赤人(あかびと、ネイティブアメリカンやユダヤ人等に少し見られる)、青人(あおびと、肌が青白い。現在は純血種ほとんどなし)、黒人(くろびと、インドの原住民族やアフリカ人等)、白人(しろびと、白い肌やプラチナ、ブロンドを髪をしたヨーロッパ人))が存在していた。
- There existed itsuirohito (five-color people) (kibito (yellow people, Asian including Japanese), akabito (red people, some native Americans and Jews); aobito (blue people, pale skin, very few pure-blooded at present), kurobito (black people, natives in India and Africans, etc.) and shirobito (white people, Europeans with white skin and platinum blonde hair) in the world.
- 『続日本後紀』嘉祥元年7月丙戌(29日)条(848年8月31日)に平安京内で落雷があり破損した建物の中に弘文院が含まれていること、仁和元年(885年)に菅原道真が弘文院を訪問した時に詠んだとされる漢詩(「秋夜宿弘文院」)が『菅家文章』に残されていることから、少なくても弘文院設置から80年間は存在していたものと考えられている。
- Since the entry for August 31, 848 in 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued) contains the description that lightning struck in Heiankyo and damaged some buildings, which included the Kobunin, and since a Chinese poem ('秋夜宿弘文院') supposedly composed by SUGAWARA no Michizane when he visited the Kobunin in 885 was contained in 'Kanke bunso' (an anthology of Chinese-style poetry by SUGAWARA no Michizane) in 885, it was estimated that the Kobunin had existed at least for 80 years after it was founded.
- 「右の子細〔貨幣流通の弊害を指す〕どもをつねづねよく心得居て、総体正物にて取引すべき事は少々不便利はありとも、やはり正物にて取引をして金銀の取引のすぢをばなるべきだけはこれを省き、なほまたさまざまの金銀のやりくりなどをも、なるべきだけは随分これを止め、またなすべきことを金銀にて仕切るやうのすぢはなほ更無用にあらまほしきことなり」
- You should always keep in mind the above details (the negative effect of money circulation) and deal in real things though it is a little inconvenient to deal in real things all the time, and avoid the transaction by gold and silver as much as possible, and stop to handle gold and silver as much as possible, and also, it is desirable that gold and silver would not limit what you have to do.'
- 豊臣政権の三奉行・三中老が家康の上杉征伐を諌めた連書状に「今度直江所行相届かざる儀、御立腹もっともに存じ候」とあることや、上杉景勝が重臣にあてた書状の内容が直江状に酷似している点などから、「多数の伝本があり、少なからず異同も見られるが、全体としては信用できる史料」とし、「(家康を挑発した)追而書だけは後世の偽作の可能性がある」との見方を示した。
- He expressed his view that 'only the postscript (that provoked Ieyasu) may be a forgery from a later period' considering that 'there are many manuscripts with only a few differences, but they are generally reliable historical materials' because in the letter remonstrated with Ieyasu's conquest of Uesugi by three magistrates and arbitration office in the Toyotomi regime, it is written that 'your anger is quite reasonable since Naoe's conduct did not reach you this time', the content of the letter from Kagekatsu UESUGI to senior vassals was remarkably similar to that of Naoejo, among other things.
- 数少ない例外として、14代大夫の観世清親とともに世阿弥伝書の収集に尽力した15代大夫の観世元章が、1772年に『習道書』に注釈を加えて出版し、座衆の一部に配布したこと、元章の後援者であった田安宗武が観世大夫が所蔵する本の一部を書写したこと、そして1818年に柳亭種彦が家康の蔵書であった『申楽談儀』を手に入れ、周囲の文人数名が写本を作ったことが挙げられる。
- As only a few exceptions, together with the 14th Tayu, Kiyochika KANZE, the 15th Tayu, Motoakira KANZE, who endeavored to collect Zeami Densho, published 'Shudosho' (Learning the Way) in 1772 adding annotation and distributed to a part of Za-shu; and Munetake TAYASU, Motoaki's sponsor, transcribed a part of books owned by Kanze Tayu; and in 1818, Tanehiko RYUTEI obtained 'Sarugaku Dangi' (Talks about Sarugaku), which was included in Ieyasu's collection and several men of letters around his transcribed it.
- だが、江戸時代中期に入ると形状的・臨時的(例勅使・朝鮮通信使の接待や征夷大将軍の日光社参参詣の供奉など)の両面における財政支出の拡大に加えて享保3年(1718年)以後の米価の低落傾向によって財政難に拍車がかかり、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米(蔵米)や特産品(蔵物)搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。
- However, in the middle of the Edo period, financial spending of domains expanded because there were more formal and special expenses required (for example, receptions of imperial messengers and envoys from Korea, or attendance on the shogun's visit to Nikko to recognize their great ancestor), and their financial difficulty was accelerated because of the declining of rice price in and after 1718.
- 近藤守重のおよび草間直方の『三貨図彙』には戦国時代から江戸時代に掛けての多くの金貨および銀貨が収録されているが、その中でも領国貨幣には後世の創作によると思われるものまで含まれ、またそれが後世に図録を元に作成され、今日、玩賞品(がんしょうひん)として扱われているものも少なくないが、確固たる記録に欠けるものが多く、本来の通貨であるか玩賞品であるか判明していないものも存在する。
- 'Sankazue' (Picture Collection of Three Coins: History of Coinage in Japan), authored by Morishige KONDO and Naokata KUSAMA, includes many gold and silver coins issued from the Sengoku period to the Edo period, among which there were even those created later on and not a few of which were made using the old diagrams and are now treated as ganshohin (ornamental items), but many of them lack accurate records, and it is unknown whether some of them were originally circulated coins or ganshohin.
- ドラマなどでは人を殺すことを嫌う人物のように描写されることの多い秀吉であるが、実際には元亀二年に湖北一向一揆を殲滅したり(松下文書や信長公記より)、天正五年に備前・美作・播磨の国境付近で毛利氏への見せしめのために、女・子供二百人以上を子供は串刺しに、女は磔にして処刑する(十二月五日の羽柴秀吉書状より)等、晩年だけでなく信長の家臣時代でも、少なくとも他の武将並みの残酷な一面があったようである。
- Hideyoshi is often described as a person who did not like to kill people, but he seemed to have a cruel aspect at least as hard as other warlords not only in his last years but also when he was a vassal of Nobunaga; shown by such facts as he annihilated Kohoku Ikko Ikki (a riot by people who believe Ikko-shu) in 1571 (according to Matsushita Record and Nobunaga Kouki (Nobunaga's biography) and that he executed more than 200 women and children by impalement for children and crucifixion for women in 1577 (from Hideyoshi's letter as of December 5).
- 更に『兵範記』には久寿元年(1154年)の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分(合格)者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである(大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分(天皇)2・院御分(上皇・法皇)1・殿下分(摂政・関白)1・省官分(式部大輔・少輔)3・両博士分(文章博士2名)2・判儒分(試験官)3の入分枠が定められていたという)。
- Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).
- その後の裁判例においては、第二の見解に立つものが続いたが、最高裁平成20年4月15日第二小法廷決定(事件番号平成19(あ)839)は、本判決について、「警察官による人の容ぼう等の撮影が、現に犯罪が行われ又は行われた後間がないと認められる場合のほかは許されないという趣旨まで判示したものではない」と述べた上で、公道上及びパチンコ店内において被告人の容ぼう等をビデオ撮影した捜査活動を適法と判断しており、少なくとも裁判例においては、第二の見解が支配的になったといえる。
- In subsequent cases, judgments proceeded from the second opinion, but Decision of the Second Petty Bench of the Supreme Court dated on April 15, 2008 (case number 2007 (A) No. 839) stated 'it does not go so far as to mean, as argued by the accused, that photographing of a person's appearance, etc. by police officials should not be permitted except in cases where it is found that the crime is currently being committed or has just been committed' and 'videotaping operations such as videotaping the defendant's appearance, etc. on the public road and in the pachinko parlor can be recognized as legal Investigation activities', which means that the second opinion has been dominant, at least in precedents.