導: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 制度の導入
- Introduction of the system
- 新機軸の導入
- Introduction of new technology
- 善導寺なつめ型
- Zendo-ji Natsume type (one variety of ishi-doro having an extraordinary shape and having natsume (a tea caddy for powdered tea)-like carvings around hibukuro, which derives from one of the two ishi-doro existing in Zendo-ji Temple in Nijo, Kiyamachi, Kyoto City)
- 義満死後を主導
- Leadership after the death of Iemitsu
- 試合・組手の導入
- Introduction to the game or competition
- 試合・競技の導入
- The introduction of the game and competition
- 車種別の導入時期
- Introduction years for each car model
- 関西地方での導入
- Introduction to the Kansai region
- アモルファス半導体
- amorphous semiconductor
- 久米三十六姓導入説
- Introduced by the 36 Families of Kume' theory
- 導入 - 衰退の経緯
- The history of the introduction and decline of kubunden
- 誘導性T細胞共刺激分子
- inducible T-cell co-stimulator
- inducible T-cell costimulator
- ICOS
- 内務省主導政治の始まり
- Beginning of Politics led by Ministry of Interior
- 挙母藩などで指導した。
- He taught in the domain of Koromo, etc.
- キリスト教指導も行う。
- He taught Christianity as well.
- 学校教育への相撲の導入。
- Introduction of sumo into education at schools.
- 客を指導する立場にある。
- He is in a position to lead them.
- 車坂道場で後進を指導した。
- He taught younger people at his dojo in Kurumazaka.
- 藩論を尊皇攘夷へと導いた。
- He led the opinion of a domain people into Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- 形(型)競技・演武競技の導入
- The introduction of 'kata' (form) competition and demonstration competition
- その後、狩野派の指導をえた。
- Afterward, he received training from the Kano School.
- バッジエンジニアリングを導入。
- Badge engineering system was introduced.
- 晩年は後進の指導に当っていた。
- He coached younger actors in his later years.
- 運慶の指導のもと源慶らが制作。
- Carved by Genkei and other sculptors under the lead of Unkei.
- 帯はまず黒帯、白帯が導入された。
- As for belts, black and white belts were introduced first.
- 幕政を主導する中枢の一人となる。
- He thus became one of the core members of the bakufu government.
- 足利将軍家の儀式なども指導した。
- He gave instructions on the ceremonies held by Ashikaga Shogun Family.
- 「新興俳句運動」の指導者的な存在。
- He was a leader of 'Shinko Haiku Undo' (Movement of Emerging Haiku Poem).
- いずれも幕府の指導者に影響を与えた。
- Each such visitor was to have a significant influence on the leaders of the bakufu.
- 幕府側の主導で戦後処理が進められた。
- The misdeeds of the conflict were atoned for under the leadership of the bakufu faction.
- 各流派の最高指導者は宗家と呼ばれる。
- The supreme leader of each school is called Soke (the head family or house).
- 素材は、熱伝導性が高い銅を使用する。
- The unit is made of copper which conducts heat well.
- 箱館戦争では弁天台場第2分隊嚮導役。
- During the Hakodate War, he took the charge of the leader for the second squad of Benten Daiba.
- 運慶の指導のもと運助、運賀らが制作。
- Carved by Unsuke, Unga, and other sculptors under the lead of Unkei.
- 唐の時代にその名称が日本に導入された。
- The name was introduced into Japan during the Tang Dynasty.
- 相撲の指導者および後継者の更なる育成。
- Further training of sumo instructors and successors.
- 皇太子に道徳を説いて輔導する常設官である。
- Togu-no-fu was a standing official that taught the Crown Prince morality and gave him guidance.
- 日本の国情に合わせて導入されたものである。
- However, considering the domestic conditions of Japan in those days, some arrangements were applied when it was introduced.
- というのが一般的な初心者指導の過程である。
- This is a usual practice procedure for beginners.
- 1880年頃、人力車はインドに導入される。
- Around 1880, jinrikisha were introduced to India.
- 戸籍編成の主導権を巡り大蔵省の大隈と対立。
- He had a conflict with Okuma over taking the initiative in organizing family register.
- 新技術の導入により、業績を拡大して行った。
- By the introduction of new technology, their business improved and expanded.
- 外出時に長袖の衣服を着て清潔を保つよう指導。
- It is guided so that people should wear long-sleeved clothes in going outdoors and should keep clean.
- (それまでは典薬寮の医博士が指導していた。)
- (Ihakase [Doctor of Medicine] of Tenyakuryo taught until then.)
- 華族制度導入後、晴栄は子爵に叙せられている。
- After the introduction of peerage system, Harenaga was given the title of viscount.
- 本部は翌年から関西方面で唐手の指導を始めた。
- The following year, Motobu began to teach karate in the Kansai area.
- 周遊割引券の導入に係る運送関係法令の手続緩和
- Easing of procedures in the relevant laws and regulations for transportation pertaining to the introduction of discount tickets for tours
- 610年、新羅の使節を迎える導者の任に当る。
- He was appointed to a guide to welcome an envoy from Shilla (ancient Korean kingdom) in 610.
- (この時槍術指導は弟・万太郎の役職とされる)
- (On this occasion, the job as grand master of the art of the spearmanship was made a job for his younger brother, Mantaro.
- 善導は日本の法然・親鸞に大きな影響を与えた。
- Zendo had a great influence on Honen and Shinran in Japan.
- この制度改定は新井白石の主導によるものだった。
- This system change was led by Hakuseki ARAI.
- そこで、天照大御神は八咫烏を送り教導となした。
- Then, Amaterasu Oomikami dispatched yatagarasu as an instructor.
- 町衆主導で行われてきた祇園祭は翌年中止された。
- The Gion-matsuri Festival, which was led by townspeople, was suspended the next year.
- 数え年の計算例(新暦導入以前に亡くなった人物)
- The example of the calculation method of the age based on the traditional Japanese system (people who died before the new calendar was introduced)
- 俗に人を魔道に導く魔物とされ、外法様ともいう。
- The Tengu are commonly said to be devils that lead people to the path of evil, and are also called Geho-sama.
- そのために指導者・後継者の育成が必須であった。
- Therefore, the development of instructors and successors was a must.
- そして、東京で自ら茶道の指導を行うようになる。
- He then began to give instructions in tea ceremony himself in Tokyo.
- また同時に金箔を施す位置に誘導する役割もある。
- In addition, it is also used for pointing the place where gold leaf is to be gilded.
- 大導寺家は京都千本釈迦堂へ移住したとされている。
- The Daidoji family was believed to have moved to Senbon Shaka-do Temple of Kyoto.
- その結果、慈敬寺が指導的地位に立つことになった。
- As a result, Jikei-ji Temple took the leadership position.
- 古代朝鮮の吏読が宣命体を導いたと推測されている。
- It has been presumed that Rito (an expression of Korean in Chinese characters) of ancient Korea led to Senmyotai.
- それを防ぎ、完全なる勝利へと導くのが残心である。
- Zan-shin avoids this and leads to a complete victory.
- それを筆頭とした奉行らによる集団指導体制の構築。
- He then established a collective leadership system utilizing bugyo (magistrates) led by the Mori-Ryosen system.
- 澄元もまた京兆家の主導権を取り戻せぬまま夭折する。
- Sumimoto also died young before taking back initiative of the Keicho family.
- 南朝は北畠親房ら指導的人物を失って弱体化していた。
- The Southern Court was losing its power with the loss of leaders such as Chikafusa KITABATAKE.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると鎌倉幕府によって地頭が導入された。
- In the Kamakura period, jito (manager and lord of manor) was adopted by the Kamakura bakufu.
- 最近では、誘導加熱式など火力の強いものも出現した。
- Recently, rice cookers with stronger heating power by induction-heating system, etc. have been introduced.
- 最初、表千家の指導を受けていたことは確かなようだ。
- It seems to be sure that he firstly took a lesson of Omotesenke school (the main branch of the Senke school of tea ceremony).
- 2代目は、1921年に導入されたロールス・ロイス。
- Rolls-Royce was introduced as the second goryosha in 1921.
- 日本では、大宝律令制定とともに本貫制が導入された。
- In Japan, the Hongan system was introduced with the establishment of the Taiho Ritsuryo.
- このため、幕政は老中・阿部正弘によって主導された。
- Therefore, a roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate), Masahiro ABE, took on the leadership of the shogunate government.
- 以降、幕府内部にも西洋医学が導入されることになる。
- It was since this time that the inner Bakufu government introduced Western medicine.
- 大村は事実上、日本陸軍の建軍を指導することになる。
- Omura was effectively tasked with the creation of the Japanese army.
- また、一揆内での主導権を巡る派閥抗争も絶えなかった。
- Additionally, there was ceaseless factional infighting for leadership within ikki.
- また、江戸幕府も寛政の改革で「七分積金」を導入した。
- Also, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) implemented 'shichibu tsumikin (70 percent reserve fund)' for the Kansei Reform.
- 2000年5月18日に「福岡市屋台指導要綱」を告示。
- Fukuoka City, defined its position in a notification entitled 'Fukuoka City street stall guidelines' on May 18, 2000.
- 徴兵検査受験者に褌の着用を指導していたことがわかる。
- This shows that examinees of the test were directed to wear fundoshi.
- 3代目は、1932年に導入されたメルセデス・ベンツ。
- Mercedes-Benz was introduced as the third goryosha in 1932.
- また食 (天文)計算に食の地域的時間差が導入された。
- Also a concept of regional time difference was brought into the eclipse calculation (astronomy).
- 主君の無礼を詫びたうえ、指導引き回しを懇願して帰邸。
- He apologized for his lord's impoliteness, begged him earnestly to forgive his lord, and went home.
- 善導出生の16年前、天台宗の開祖智ギ(ちぎ)が死去。
- 16 years before the birth of Zendo the founder of Tendai-shu, Chigi (Zhi-yi), passed away.
- 現在の京都府綴喜郡宇治田原町の大導寺が発祥と思われる。
- Its origin is considered to be Daido-ji Temple of present Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki County, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 京阪京都交通〔*(2008年3月頃から順次導入予定)〕
- Keihan Kyoto Kotsu[2] (scheduled to be introduced in stages after around March 2008)
- 特に各地の農村の指導者層には地租の重圧は負担であった。
- The increased land-tax was a pain especially for leading members in rural villages.
- 嘉永三年(1850年)に堺の技術を導入し製造が始まる。
- Production commenced in 1850 introducing the Sakai technique.
- 空手の段級位制や色帯制は、柔道を参考にして導入された。
- Karate's kyu and dan rank certification system and colored-belt system are modeled on judo's systems.
- 6代目は、1989年に導入されたトヨタ・センチュリー。
- A TOYOTA Century was introduced as the sixth goryosha in 1989.
- ところが日本ではこれとは異なるモデルが導入されている。
- In Japan, however, a different style has been introduced.
- これは宗氏主導で計画的に起こされたものと考えられている。
- This is considered to have been systematically carried out under the leadership of the So clan.
- 日本では律令制の導入以降この称号が使われるようになった。
- In Japan, this title came into use after the introduction of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- このため天保通寳は金座主導で鋳造が行われることとなった。
- For this reason, the minting of the Tenpo-tsuho coin came to be led by the kin-za.
- 徳川家康は戦後処理や論功行賞を主導するなど実権を握った。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, by playing an important role in postwar processing, deciding postwar grants of honors and so on, seized real powers.
- 遣唐使を度々送り、唐をはじめとする大陸の文物を導入した。
- Kentoshi (Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China) were frequently dispatched and introduced the culture from the mainland (such as Tang China) to Japan.
- 如成は後に清洲藩主松平忠吉に仕え藩士らを指導したという。
- It is said that Josei later served Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Kiyosu Domain) and taught the feudal soldiers.
- 1968年には郵便番号導入により郵便番号枠が追加された。
- In 1968, cells for the zip code were added due to the introduction of that system.
- 5代目は、1967年に導入された日産・プリンスロイヤル。
- Nissan Prince Royal was introduced as the fifth goryosha in 1967.
- しかし、「ホトトギス」への投句は続け虚子の指導は続いた。
- Although he quit his job, he continued submitting haiku to 'Hototogisu' and being directed by Kyoshi.
- 自陣の歌を褒め、敵陣の歌の欠点を指摘して議論を有利に導く。
- An omoibito praises poems submitted by his/her own team and points out defects in the opponent's works, in order to keep the edge in debates.
- 盛平の高弟・(財)合気会の指導部長であった藤平光一が設立。
- It was established by Koichi TOHEI, who was a high-caliber disciple of Morihei and the head instructor of the Aikikai Foundation.
- 用意周到な策略で自軍を勝利へ導く稀代の策略家として名高い。
- He is renowned as an outstanding strategist who brought victory to his army using deliberate tactics.
- 現金掛値無し、反物の切り売りなどの新商法導入して繁盛する。
- The shop prospered from new business methods such as payment in cash with no overcharges and selling roll of cloth by pieces.
- また、納銭方に請負制を導入して倉役収入の安定化も図っている。
- In addition, the bakufu attempted to stabilize kurayaku tax revenue by introducing a contract system in Nosenkata.
- この時点では倒幕派公家は朝廷内の主導権を掌握していなかった。
- At that point, the court nobles of tobakuha had not held initiative in the Imperial Court.
- 官軍の攻撃を成功に導いたのは別働の吉次峠部隊の活躍が大きい。
- The government army succeeded in the attack largely because the detached force at Kichiji Pass fought actively.
- 武家の棟梁(ぶけのとうりょう)とは、武士集団の指導者のこと。
- The term 'Buke no toryo' means the leader of groups of samurai.
- これは征夷大将軍宗尊親王の主導によって出されたものであった。
- It was issued by main leadership of Imperial Prince Munetaka, who was a seii taishogun (the great general who subdues the barbarians).
- この勅諭を発することにより、政府は政局の主導権を取り戻した。
- The government retrieved its political initiative with this rescript.
- 手古舞(てこまい)は、祭りに於いて、山車や御輿を先導する舞。
- Tekomai is a dance performed to lead floats or omikoshi (portable shrine) in a festival.
- 当時は交換手に頼っていた時代にいち早く電話を商売に導入した。
- The company was among the first to take advantage of the telephone for commercial purposes when telephone users still required operator assistance to be connected.
- 氏政は父・氏康主導のもとで籠城戦で対抗し、上杉軍を撃退した。
- Ujimasa followed Ujiyasu's lead to beat back the attack from the Uesugi army and defeated them by holding the castle.
- 永禄11年(1568年)には北九州での主導権を巡って争った。
- In 1568, he fought with Motonari over the dominion of Kitakyushu.
- しかし宗全は、幕府の主導権をめぐって管領・細川勝元と対立する。
- However, Sozen confronted Shogunal Deputy Katsumoto HOSOKAWA over the leadership of the bakufu.
- 以後雑賀は旧反織田派の土橋氏らによって主導されることとなった。
- After that, Saiga was lead by the former anti-Oda groups such as the Dobashi clan.
- 上田は、五線譜、7孔尺八などを導入し、尺八の近代化につとめた。
- The Ueda school adopted the staff notation system, seven-hole shakuhachi and the like, and worked to modernize the shakuhachi.
- 開眼導師はインド出身の僧・菩提僊那(ぼだいせんな)が担当した。
- Bodai Senna, a Buddhist priest from India, was in charge of the Kaigen doshi (an officiating priest to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue or image by inserting the eyes).
- 富名腰はそのまま東京に留まり、唐手の指導に当たることになった。
- Funakoshi then settled in Tokyo and taught karate there.
- 1961年に柳家一兆に入門、兄弟子の花房蝶二から指導を受ける。
- In 1961, he became a pupil of Itcho YANAGIYA, and began to be guided by a senior pupil Choji HANABUSA.
- 7代目は、2006年に導入されたトヨタ・センチュリーロイヤル。
- A TOYOTA Century Royal was introduced as the seventh goryosha in 2006.
- (が、現在は完全な年功序列制導入に伴いそれはできなくなった。)
- (However, this cannot be done now due to the introduction of the perfect seniority system.)
- 師家(しけ)は禅宗で修行僧を指導する力量を具えた者をさす尊称。
- Shike is an honorific title in Zen sect for the one who possesses the ability to guide ascetic monks.
- 1972年にサンデンによって開発され、ポッカが初めて導入した。
- It was developed by Sanden in 1972 and first introduced by Pokka.
- また、私塾東丘社の主催者として、画壇の指導者としても活躍した。
- He also played an active role as the organizer of his private art school, Tokyusha, as well as being the leader of an art circle.
- リットルへの換算は、度量衡法での尺の定義より導かれたものである。
- Based on the definition of the shaku in The Weights and Measures Act, the sho is converted to the liter.
- いずれも指導者だけが罪とされ、率いられて叛いた者は罪とされない。
- In either case, only the leader was executed and followers were not executed.
- 前総統の李登輝は国民党の独裁政治を廃し台湾内での民主化を導いた。
- Teng-hui LEE, the former President of the Republic of China, stopped the dictatorship of the Kuomintang Party and promoted democratic reforms in Taiwan.
- 何度かの法令改正で、兵員の将来と権利を保障する制度が導入された。
- After several act amendments an institution that would guarantee the future and rights of the soldiers was introduced.
- 律令制導入の動きが本格化したのは、660年代に入ってからである。
- The movement toward the introduction of the Ritsuryo system accelerated in the 660s.
- それに対して11世紀に導入された賦課基準が公田官物率法であった。
- Under such situation, a new standard called Koden kanmotsu rippo (the law fixing the tax rate for koden) was introduced in the eleventh century.
- そのため、新暦導入前の人物の数え年の計算には、注意が必要である。
- Therefore, when calculating a person's age who lived before the new calendar was introduced based on the traditional Japanese system requires attention.
- 剣精の戻った髭切は源頼朝に伝えられ、源氏を勝利に導くこととなる。
- Higekiri, having regained its power, was handed down to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who led the Minamoto clan to victory.
- 段級位制や色帯制が導入されると同時に、練習体系の合理化も進んだ。
- Also, the kyu and dan rank systems and colored belts systems were introduced, and the exercise system was steadily optimized.
- 魏 (三国)の曹操は、韓浩・棗祗らの提言に従って屯田制を導入した。
- Cao Cao of the Wei dynasty (Three States Period) introduced the Tonden system following the advice of his advisors, Han Hao and Zao Zhi.
- 惣村の指導者には、乙名(おとな)・沙汰人(さたにん)などがあった。
- Titles of the leaders of soson were Otona, satanin (an officer collecting that which was rendered, conveying the order of the lord of the manor, etc.), etc.
- 685年(天武14)諸王以上十二階、諸臣四十八階が導入されている。
- In 685, twelve ranks for Princes and above, and forty-eight ranks for high-ranking officials were introduced.
- 倒幕・攘夷派の象徴として、また近代国家日本の指導者として活躍した。
- He acted as a symbol of the force to overthrow the Shogunate and antiforeign sentiment, and was also a leader of modern Japan.
- 幕末には法導寺善が反転で円を直線に写して簡略化する手法を導入した。
- At the end of the Edo period, Zen HODOJI introduced a simplifying technique in which inverted circles are reflected in straight lines.
- それは元就が理想とした国人領主による集団指導体制の延長線上である。
- This also extended to the collective leadership by which his kokujin lords lived within his ideal.
- 織田信長との石山戦争で十年にわたって各地に転戦して門徒を指導した。
- He moved from place to place to fight in the Ishiyama War with Nobunaga ODA for ten years and led followers of the Ikkoshu sect.
- むしろ村落の指導的な立場に立つ裕福な本百姓らによって指導されていた。
- In fact, 'hyakusho ikki' was led by affluent free-hold farmers who had leading roles in their villages.
- このような文脈において,唐からの律令摂取に伴い租庸調制は導入された。
- In this context, So-Yo-Cho was introduced from the Tang Dynasty to Japan along with the Ritsuryo system.
- 平方メートルへの換算は、度量衡法での尺の定義より導かれたものである。
- Based on the definition of the shaku in The Weights and Measures Act, each unit is converted to the square meter.
- 前者には更に、楽器が主導的で歌が補助的なものと、その逆のものがある。
- The former type can further be divided into one in which instruments play a leading role and words play an auxiliary role, and a type in which the roles are reverse.
- 案内役の誘導に従って、座布団の置かれた位置に座るのが望ましいだろう。
- It is preferable to sit in the position the zabuton has been placed in accordance with the invititation of the host.
- 4代目は、1951年に導入されたゼネラルモーターズ・キャディラック。
- A General Motors Cadillac was introduced as the fourth goryosha in 1951.
- 花園院の指導のもと『風雅和歌集』を親撰し、『光厳院御集』も伝存する。
- The Emperor edited 'Fuga Waka shu' (the collection of Waka poems during early Muromachi period) under the supervision of Hanazono-in, and 'Collection of Japanese Poetry by Kogonin' was given to history.
- 師範代(しはんだい)とは芸道分野の指導者であり、師範の次席にある者。
- Shihandai (assistant instructor) is an instructor in an art field and an assistant of Shihan (grand master).
- 中国では書法(Shūfǎ しょほう)と呼ばれ、初等教育で指導される。
- It is called 'Shoho (Shūfǎ)' in China and is instructed in elementary education.
- これは徴兵の質及び、指導士官や施設の不足等の根本的な問題の為だった。
- Which was due to poor quality of conscription and fundamental problems such as lack of training officers or facilities.
- ちなみに廃藩置県導入の際に西郷を最終的に同意させたのも山縣であった。
- Incidentally, when introducing the abolition of clans and establishment of prefectures, the person who finally agreed with Saigo was Yamagata.
- 同年には、栗原信近に招かれワイン醸造技術指導のため甲府を訪れている。
- In the same year, he was invited by Nobuchika KURIHARA to teach wine making in Kofu.
- 皮肉にも摂関政治を終焉に導いた院政が「摂関家」という概念を生み出した。
- Ironically, it was the cloistered government that ended the regency that produced the concept of the 'regent's house.'
- 一揆勢は地侍の指導の下、組織的な行動をとり、勝手な略奪を取り締まった。
- Under the direction of the jizamurai, order was brought to the uprising forces, while robberies were monitored.
- 信西一門の政治主導に対する反発が、平治の乱勃発の最大の原因と思われる。
- The backlash generated by the political initiatives Shinzei and his family were launching is considered to be the biggest cause of the outbreak of the Heiji Rebellion.
- 近江朝の軍は美濃にも向かったが、指導部の足並みの乱れから前進が滞った。
- The Omi Court army headed for Mino but the advancement was stopped due to bad leadership.
- 秀吉は太田開城時に指導層の地侍を処断する一方、一般農民は退城を許した。
- While Hideyoshi executed jizamurai of the leading position at the time of the surrender of Ota-jo Castle, he allowed common farmers to leave the castle.
- 江戸中期頃、芸者が山車を先導する為、男性風の扮装で登場したのが始まり。
- The Tekomai started in the middle Edo period when geisha dressed as men turned up to lead a float.
- この戦いでは後見の藤原信西が主導権を握り、後白河は形式的な存在だった。
- During this War, the guardian, FUJIWARA no Shinzei took the initiative and the Emperor remained in the formal role.
- 1級を取得すると、指導者として公的に認められる資格を持つと認定される。
- The First Kyu certifies one to have obtained publicly recognized qualifications as an instructor.
- 時宗に追随して出家した泰盛は法名覚真と称し、幕政を主導する立場となる。
- Entering the priesthood after Tokimune's death, Yasumori called himself Kakushin, which was his Buddhist name, and became a leading figure in the bakufu government.
- 師の名僧日印の問答対決を「鎌倉殿中問答」にまとめ、宗門の興隆を導いた。
- He edited 'Kamakura Denchu Mondo,' a collection of his accomplished master, Nichiin's debates and was implemental in the prospering of this school.
- 善導(ぜんどう、ピンイン:sh`an-d~ao)は中国浄土教の大成者。
- Zendo (Shan-dao) was an eminent monk in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism.
- 国立大学協会会長・岡本道雄京大総長とともに共通一次試験導入に取り組んだ。
- He strived to introduce the preliminary standard university entrance examination along with Michio OKAMOTO, the president of Kyoto University as well as the president of the Japan Association of National Universities.
- 持統天皇の時に火葬が導入されて以後は簡略化されて30日間が通例とされた。
- After the cremation was introduced when Emperor Jito passed away, the procedure was simplified and the ordinary enshrinement period became 30 days.
- 明治の国政は、良くも悪くも、この薩長土肥主導による政治であったと言える。
- For better or worse, it can be said that the affairs of state in the Meiji period were under the leadership of Satchodohi.
- まず府兵制が機能しなくなり、募兵を中心とする募兵制・節度使が導入された。
- First, the fubing system stopped functioning, and the mubing mercenary system and Jiedushi military governors were adopted.
- 太田城の開城に伴い死を与えられた者たちは、一揆の主導層である地侍である。
- Those who were killed at the time of surrender of Ota-jo Castle were jizamurai who led ikki.
- 全日本弓道連盟では、射の基本動作を8つの節に分けて説明・指導をしている。
- The All Nippon Kyudo Federation explains and instructs the basic movements of shooting in eight separate parts.
- 試合・競技を導入している武道もあるが、本来は、武道の一面に過ぎなかった。
- Although the game and competition are introduced into some of the budo, they were originally just parts of the budo.
- 平成元年(1989年)の新学習指導要領で格技から武道に名称がもどされた。
- The name 'kakugi' was changed back to 'budo' under the new guidelines by the Ministry of Education in 1989.
- 左右両陣の念人による一種のディベートによって判者の判定を導くものである。
- Omoibitos in the right and the left sides engage in a kind of debate, on which is based Hanja's judgment.
- なお、このため会津塗器は日野塗の技術導入により発展したと考えられている。
- The introduction of the Hino lacquering technique helped develop Aizu lacquerware.
- 最近では茨城県の業者による技術指導の下、中華人民共和国産も出回っている。
- Under the technical instruction of manufacturers in Ibaraki Prefecture, hoshi-imo is also produced in the People's Republic of China, which is coming onto the market in Japan.
- 後には巡査に対して必修となり、各警察署で指導のために剣術家が採用された。
- Thereafter, Kenjutsu became a compulsory subject for policemen and all police stations recruited swordsmen as instructors.
- 引退後に本因坊の名跡を日本棋院に譲渡し、選手権制の本因坊戦創設に導いた。
- After retirement, he transferred the title of Honinbo to the Nihon Ki-in (literally, the Japanese Go Association), which led to the foundation of Honinbo title match.
- 8代将軍徳川吉宗は、技術導入を目的に、オランダからの本の輸入を解禁した。
- In order to introduce the techniques, the eighth generation General Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, canceled the ban of import of books from the Netherlands.
- 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の指導などをふまえ、新たな制度を確立されていく。
- The new school system was established under the guidance of the GHQ (General Headquarters of the Allied Forces) and so forth.
- 桓武天皇は新王朝の創始を強く意識し、自らの主導による諸改革を進めていった。
- Emperor Kanmu was strongly aware of the start of the new dynasty and promoted various reformations.
- この墾田開発は、半ば、仏教興隆を目的とする律令政府が主導したものであった。
- Such development of arable land was promoted by the Ritsuryo code-based government to make Buddhism more prosperous.
- よって、このような制度を当時の日本が導入する事自体に無理があったと言える。
- Therefore, it must have been difficult for Japan at that time to introduce such a system.
- 4月21日、攻城側は一気に決着をつけるべく、小西行長の水軍を堤防内に導く。
- On June 1, the besiegers made the navy of Yukinaga KONISHI enter the inside of the bank.
- 植芝盛平は剣術の研究のために、自らの道場「皇武館」で剣道の指導を行わせた。
- Morihei UESHIBA allowed kendo training in his dojo 'Kobukan' for the study of swordplay.
- 流派により宗家自ら師範となる場合、弟子に門下生の指導を委ねる場合とがある。
- In some schools, Soke herself or himself teaches disciples directly, and in other schools, Soke leaves the educational activities to high ranking disciples.
- また、京都のラーメン店で、最初にセントラルキッチン制を導入した店でもある。
- It is also the first ramen store in Kyoto to have introduced the central kitchen system.
- 1885年にはジャカード機やドビー機が導入され、本格的な機械織生産を開始。
- In 1885, Jacquard machines and Dobby machines were introduced, and full-scale machine production started.
- (近世中期ごろまで、小鼓方が大鼓方を指導するのはごく一般的なことであった)
- (Until the middle of early-modern times, it had been not unusual that kotsuzumi players taught otsuzumi players how to play drums.)
- したがって、口に含むような指導は外国人に対しては特に気をつけるべきである。
- Therefore, one should especially be careful when instructing foreigners to put the brush in the mouth.
- ガラスの製造や地震予知器の開発に成功し、更には牛痘種の導入も企図していた。
- He succeeded in making glass, inventing an earthquake prediction device, and furthermore, he planned to introduce vaccination for Cowpox virus.
- また、第一国立銀行だけでなく、七十七銀行など多くの地方銀行設立を指導した。
- In addition to First National Bank, he led the establishment of many local banks such as Shichijushichi Bank.
- 終南山の山麓に、弟子の懷惲らにより、崇霊塔(善導塔)と香積寺が建立された。
- A monument honoring his spirit (Zendo Monument) and Xiangjisi Temple were built by his disciples including Eun at the foot of Mt. Shunan-san.
- その直後再交渉を求める学生が総長を監禁したため警官隊が導入されたものである。
- The students kept the President hostage demanding renegotiation and the police were introduced.
- が、特に平安時代前期(9世紀)に大宰府管内で導入された公営の田地制度を指す。
- Kueiden especially meant the public land system introduced in Dazaifu in the former Heian period (the 9th century).
- そうした中の同年閏2月に、平清盛が熱病で没して平氏政権は強力な指導者を失う。
- In February of the same year (a leap year), TAIRA no Kiyomori died from a fever and the Taira clan government lost its strong leader.
- 雑役(ぞうやく/ざつえき)とは、平安時代中期以後に導入された租税体系のこと。
- Zoyaku (Zoeki) is the term for the taxation system introduced after the middle of the Heian period.
- 棚田は1つの田当たりの耕作面積が小さく、「大型」農業機械の導入が困難である。
- Tanada has so small a cultivated area that it is difficult to introduce 'large' agricultural machines.
- 「実戦合気道」を標榜、警視庁機動隊の必修科目として現在も指導が行われている。
- Their motto is 'aikido for actual battle,' and it's taught today as a requisite subject for the riot police of the Keishi-cho (the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department).
- 第3回京都学生祭典から創作オリジナルおどり「京炎 そでふれ!」が導入された。
- Commencing with the third Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa, an original dance, 'Kyoen Sodefure! (literally, waving sleeves in hot Kyoto),' was introduced.
- 当初、養蚕の後退とともに、桑に変わる転勤作物として、関西地方から導入された。
- At first it was introduced from the Kansai region to replace mulberry following the retreat of sericulture.
- 1102年(康和4年)尊勝寺落慶法要供養の導師をつとめ、尊勝寺長吏となった。
- He worked as a Doshi (a sort of high priest) at a ceremony to celebrate the completion of the Sonsho-ji Temple in 1102 and became the chori (the head priest) of the Sonsho-ji Temple.
- 日野商人が全国に点在する木地師や塗師に技術指導をした上で製造委託をしていた。
- The Hino merchants contracted out wood masters and lacquerers, whom they had provided technical instructions, to produce Hinowan in various places.
- 皇統の傍流への移行以後も、後桜町院は上皇として幼主をよく輔導したといわれる。
- It is said Gosakuramachi in looked after the young Emperor well as an retired empress after the Imperial succession moved to another branch.
- 一条朝には幼帝を指導して強い発言権を持ち、院政の意図があったともいうが不詳。
- It is said that during Emperor Ichijo's reign, Emperor Enyu seized strong leadership over the young Emperor Ichijo, and intended to rule a cloister government; however, this isn't certain.
- 1901年に導入されていらい百年余り、日本酒は一升瓶で買うのが主流であった。
- Sake had usually been purchased in 1.8 liter bottles for more than 100 years since it was introduced in 1901.
- 日本では昔から「読み書きソロバン」として、寺子屋などで習字が指導されてきた。
- Shuji (calligraphy) has been traditionally taught in Terakoya (a private elementary school during the Edo period) and in others in Japan as 'reading, writing, and abacus.'
- 米国のスターバックス社が導入した自販機はこの機構を取り入れているとみられる。
- The particular type of vending machine which Starbucks Corporation in U.S. introduced is understood to be one adopting this system.
- これは毛利氏当主とこれを支える両川の指導力によるところが大きかったのである。
- This owed much to the strong leadership of Lord Mori and the assistance of the Ryosen rulers.
- 一説には脳性麻痺だったとも言われ、将軍として指導力を示すことが出来なかった。
- Some historians and other experts supported a theory that Iesada may have suffered from cerebral palsy, so he was not capable of demonstrating his leadership abilities in the role of Shogun.
- 日本におけるドイツ通の第一人者としてドイツの政治体制、文化の導入をはかった。
- He promoted introducing the German political system and culture as the most well-versed expert on Germany in Japan.
- 親房の死後は南朝には指導的人物がいなくなり、南朝は北朝との和睦に傾いていく。
- After his death, no one appeared to take a leadership role in the Southern Court, and this leaned the Southern Court toward reconciling with the Northern Court.
- 複数の国家間で、観測機器や資金の援助、植林や農業指導などの協力も行われている。
- Among these nations, cooperation has been made concerning aid for observation instruments and funds concerned, and cooperation has been also made about planting trees and providing guidance for farming.
- 在学中は全学自治会同学会の委員長として竹本処分闘争以降の京大学生運動を導いた。
- When he was a student, he spearheaded the student movement at Kyoto University after 'Takemoto shobun' struggle as the chairman of the national student association.
- 日本における近代的な歴史思想の導入は、19世紀後半の明治維新以降のことである。
- Modern historical concepts were introduced in Japan during the Meiji Restoration or later, or during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
- 神武東征において、八咫烏の先導により久米氏を率いて菟田(宇陀)への道を開いた。
- During the Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of the Emperor Jinmu), he opened the way to Uda guided by Yatagarasu (Japanese mythological big crow), leading the troops of the Kume clan.
- 戦乱により公家や朝廷の政治力が衰え、政治の主導は完全に武家へ移ることになった。
- The political authority of the aristocracy (Court nobles) and the Imperial Court was sapped away through wars and rebellions, and true leadership over the country's government passed completely over to the warrior class.
- 江戸時代後半の邦楽は、上方でも江戸においても、三味線がその主導権を握っていた。
- Shamisen had the initiative of the traditional Japanese music in both Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) and Edo.
- 日本の哲学・文化においてはいくつもの微妙に異なる意味を持つ指導的概念であった。
- In terms of Japanese philosophy and culture, it has been a leading concept that has many slightly different meanings.
- また同じく(1)の新たな指導方法としては、七事式が制定されたことが挙げられる。
- With respect to the new method of teaching as described in item (1), the shichiji-shiki (the method consisting of seven types of lessons) should be cited.
- 『観無量寿経疏』(かんむりょうじゅきょうしょ)は、中国の善導が撰述した注釈書。
- 'Kanmuryojukyosho' is a commentary written by Shandao of China.
- のちに、善導は九品皆凡といい、一切衆生は本質的にみな迷える存在であると捉えた。
- Later, Zendo described it as Kuhonkaibon and suggested that all living things were essentially straying beings.
- それまでの馬車に代わり、初めて自動車の御料車が導入されたのは1912年である。
- It was 1912 that the first automobile goryosha was installed instead of carriage which has been used until then.
- 上方落語ならではの自由な気風を損ねるというのが、真打制度非導入の理由であった。
- The reason for not introducing the shinuchi system was it would reduce the typical free atmosphere in the Kamigata rakugo.
- 日本国内では1993年に富士電機ホールディングスが開発し、ダイドーが導入した。
- In Japan, it was developed by Fuji Electric Holdings Co., Ltd in 1993 and introduced by Dydo.
- 当時は水質の維持のため、水着の着用は禁止され、全裸で泳ぐように指導されていた。
- In those days it was prohibited to bathe with swimwear on and people were instructed to swim naked for the purpose of maintaining water quality.
- また、蒙古襲来以降、内政・外交の両面で京都の朝廷から主導権を握ることとなった。
- Meanwhile, he assumed control of both internal and external affairs from the Imperial Court in Kyoto following the Mongolian invasions.
- 明治11年(1878年)から始まった旧尾張藩士による北海道八雲町の開拓も指導。
- He also directed the exploitation of Yakumo-cho in Hokkaido started by the old feudal retainers of the Owari Domain in 1878.
- なお、善導は寺前の柳の樹木に登り自ら身を投じて死したともいわれるが異論もある。
- It is said that Zendo died by climbing up a willow tree in front of the temple and jumping off from it, however, there is also a divergent view.
- 植林や農業指導については、非政府組織などの民間団体が関わったプロジェクトもある。
- Concerning planting trees and providing guidance for farming, there also exist projects participated in by private bodies, such as non-government organizations.
- これら土倉・酒屋は資金力にものを言わせ、有力な町衆として自治都市の主導権を握る。
- As important local businessmen with financial strength, these doso-sakaya took the leadership of autonomous cities.
- 古代・中世の日本では無官の者を救済する施策として正式な制度として導入されていた。
- In ancient and medieval Japan, the baikan system was introduced as an official system to rescue courtiers without posts.
- これら華族制度の整備を主導したのは、自らも公家華族である右大臣岩倉具視であった。
- The person who led these arrangements of the kazoku system was Udaijin (minister of the right) Tomomi IWAKURA who was a member of Kuge kazoku.
- 大学当局は大学から出ていく天皇のために進路を確保するべく警官隊を学内に導入した。
- The authority of the university asked for the dispatch of police force to the campus in order to secure the path for the Emperor's departure.
- 更に弘安7年(1284年)には、安達泰盛主導の武家新制である弘安新制が出された。
- Furthermore, Koan shinsei (new law issued in the Koan period), which was the Buke shinsei led by Yasumori ADACHI, was promulgated in 1284.
- 戦時中は軍部からの要請で陸軍中野学校や海軍大学校などで盛平が武術指導を行なった。
- During the war, Morihei taught martial arts at Rikugun Nakano Gakko (Military Army Nakano School), Naval War College, etc., upon request by the military.
- 5月8日:潅仏会@光泉寺(草津町)(小学生くらいの6名の手古舞が稚児行列を先導)
- May 8: Kanbutsue (Buddha's-birthday celebration) at Kosen-ji Temple (Kusatsu-machi) (Tekomai consisting of six elementary school children leads a chigogyoretsu (kids parade)).
- アヘン戦争の敗北により西洋の科学技術「西学」を導入しようという洋務運動が興った。
- With the defeat in the First Opium War, a Western Affairs Movement occurred, introducing science and technology of the West, or 'Western culture,'
- 第2条は、いかに風趣、風情を感じさせるかについて、具体的な曲を挙げながらの指導。
- In Section 2, instructions are written on how to have the audience feel the taste and elegance with examples of the particular music pieces.
- しかし、その後長州藩は再び勤王派が主導権を握ったため、第二次長州征伐が決定する。
- But the people loyal to the Emperor had the initiative again afterwards, so that it was decided to make the Second Choshu Conquest.
- 1889年(明治22年)に市町村制が導入されると加佐郡舞鶴町(西舞鶴)が誕生した。
- Kasa-gun Maizuru-cho (Nishi-Maizuru) was then established in 1889, during the introduction of organization of municipalities.
- 浴場には2つの泉源から導入された浴槽が隣接しており、片足ずつまたがることができる。
- Two bath tubs of water from different sources are laid out so close to each other that you can put the right foot in one and the left foot in the other.
- 主導国はロシアであったが、ドイツの参加がなければ干渉が実現しなかったとも言われる。
- The effort was lead by Russia, but it is said that without Germany, the intervention could not be realized.
- 義政は日朝貿易も同様に財源化することを意図し、朝鮮王朝に牙符制の導入を申し入れる。
- Yoshimasa also sought to make the Japan-Yi dynasty trade as a source of revenue and made a proposal to the Yi-Dynasty to introduce Gafusei.
- 政変後の朝廷は関白に就任した二条斉敬と久邇宮朝彦親王によって主導されることになる。
- After the Coup, Nariyuki NIJO was appointed to Kanpaku (Chief adviser to the Emperor), and he and Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko led the Imperial Court.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- 後に律令制を導入すると官製を中心に本格的に身分・階級の違いを表すようになっていく。
- When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was introduced later, clothing accessories came to officially show a difference of social status and class mainly in the government-regulated organization, facility, etc.
- その後、松岡寺の運営を息子蓮慶に、加賀門徒の指導を弟の蓮悟に任せて引退生活に入る。
- After that, Renko left the management of Shoko-ji Temple and the teaching of Kaga followers up to his son Renkei and his brother Rengo, respectively, and lived in retirement.
- 本格的な西洋数学導入までの間、和算(又は和算家)は応用面においても近代化を支えた。
- But until the fully-fledged introduction of western mathematics was under way, wasan (as well as wasan mathematicians) also played a part in the modernization of the country on the practical side.
- 斐三郎はやがて明治政府に呼ばれ、日本軍の鉄砲製造などを含め科学方面の指導者となる。
- Ayasaburo was later called by the Meiji government and became a leader in the science field including manufacturing guns for Japanese army.
- しかし公家である岩倉の主導による統制に武家華族達は不満を持ち、部長局の廃止を求めた。
- However, Buke kazoku that originated in samurai got frustrated with the control by Kuge kazoku Iwakura, and demanded the abolishment of the office of President.
- 宇治橋下流で巨椋池に直接流れ込んでいた宇治川を、槇島堤によって伏見に向かって導いた。
- The Uji-gawa River which used to directly flow into Ogura-ike Pond at the downstream from Uji-bashi Bridge was channeled towards the direction of Fushimi by installation of Makishima-zutsumi Dike.
- しかし、西郷の新政府への不満はその富国政策とその指導にあたる大隈ら大蔵官僚にあった。
- Saigo, however, was dissatisfied with the government's policy of national enrichment and the bureaucrats of Okurasho (Ministry of Treasury), including Okuma, who led this policy.
- 律令制を導入したのは、日本・新羅・渤海 (国)・吐谷渾・吐蕃王朝などが知られている。
- It is known that Japan, Silla, Balhae, Tuyuhun, and the Tibetan Tubo Kingdom adopted the Ritsuryo system.
- 特定の利益誘導からともとれる、ごく狭い範囲の人々の考え(思想にすらならない)である。
- They are concepts (not particularly regarded as being part of an ideology) of a small group of people whose motivation may be connected to financial profit.
- 改暦にともなう混乱の詳細は、「グレゴリオ暦日本におけるグレゴリオ暦導入」の節を参照。
- For the details of the confusion due to the change of the calendar, refer to the section 'introducing the Gregorian calendar to Japan.'
- For details of confusion caused by the reform, see the section on 'Gregorian Calendar: the Implementation of the Gregorian Calendar in Japan'.
- 伊藤・山縣有朋らの死後は元老を主導する立場となり加藤友三郎内閣の成立などに貢献した。
- After ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA died, he entered the position leading Genro, and contributed to establishing the Tomosaburo KATO cabinet.
- 1883年朴泳孝ら開化派が発行した「漢城旬報」に井上は翻訳、編集指導として関わった。
- Inoue was engaged in translation and editorial supervision of a Korean newspaper, 'Hanseong Sunbo (Kanjo Junpo)' (Hanseong Ten-day Reports) issued by the Kaika group (advocate for civilization) including Yonghyo PAK (박영효) in 1883.
- 第四議会では、院内総理として自由党を指導し、予算をめぐり、第2次伊藤内閣と対立した。
- In the Forth Diet, he led Liberal Party as a director of the House, and disputed with the Second ITO Cabinet over the budget.
- プティジャンは見学の振りをしながら訪れる日本人信者に対し、秘密裏にミサや指導を行う。
- Pretending to be giving the group a tour of the church, father Petitjean would conduct a mass for the visitors in secret.
- 村落には指導的な立場として村役人・庄屋がおかれ、旧名主層がその役に就くことも多かった。
- Villages were given administrative leaders during the Edo period, called murayakunin (village officers) or shoya (the village head), and these positions were often assumed by former myoshu.
- しかし、大多数の地侍は、侍身分でありながら村落に在住し、村落の指導者としてあり続けた。
- However, the majority of Ji-zamurai stayed in their villages being leaders there despite their position as samurai.
- 学習指導要領には大和朝廷の表記が見られるが、歴史教科書の表記は前述のように様々である。
- While government course guidelines employ the term Yamato Imperial Court, Japanese history textbook publishers use various different terms such as those mentioned above.
- 警察官が費用負担した場合は利益誘導として裁判の際に供述の任意性が否定される場合がある。
- If it is paid by a policeman, this may be taken as the dispensation of favors and the voluntary nature of the suspect's confession may be refuted during the trial.
- 具体的には、栽培技術の指導が施されたり、地方自治体から助成金・補助金などが給付される。
- More specifically, guidance for cultivation technique is given, or grants, subsidies and so on are provided by the municipality.
- また継承者が「危険な古流の技術はもう必要ない世の中になった」とし指導を辞める例もある。
- And some successors stop teaching the koryu jujutsu, saying the world does not need its dangerous techniques any more.
- さらに、茶帯の下に、当初子供用に緑・黄・青等の色帯が導入され、今日では一般化している。
- Additionally, below the brown belt, colored belts such as green, yellow and blue were originally introduced for children, but such colored belts have become common in the present day.
- ただし、両者とも役者としては優秀であったが、業界を牽引するという指導力には欠けていた。
- However, although both were very good actors, they lacked the skills to lead the industry.
- 4代将軍徳川家綱の三十三回忌の法会、徳川家康の百回忌の法会では、その導師を務めている。
- He also served as a doshi (officiating monk) in the thirty-three memorial service of the 4th shogun, Ietsuna TOKUGAWA, and the ninety-ninth memorial service of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- セントラルキッチンや寿司握りロボットを導入するなどして人件費を削減している場合が多い。
- Many restaurants introduce a central kitchen system or a robot shaping sushi and so on to lower labor costs.
- 電磁誘導電磁誘導加熱装置(Induction Heating)が搭載されている自販機。
- This is a type of vending machine equipped with Induction Heating.
- 印刷機の導入が決定された頃と比べて、キリシタンへの政治的弾圧は大きなものとなっていた。
- Compared to the time when the introduction of a printing machine was decided, a political crackdown on Christians was stepped up.
- これを簡単化するため、算変法を導入し、円の一つを直線に変換することで計算を簡略化した。
- In order to simplify the problem, he introduced Sanpenho, that simplified the calculation by converting a circle into a straight line.
- また現代武道で多く見られる号令による集団指導はおこなわれず、もっぱら個人指導であった。
- Besides, although gendai budo is often seen giving group-class lessons with loud orders, kobudo was taught exclusively with individual tutoring, and not in group-class lessons.
- 明治7年には指導責任者であるイギリス人のお雇い外国人キンドルと衝突し、造幣局を去った。
- In 1874, he conflicted with Kindle, the leader of foreigners hired to teach new techniques to the Mint Bureau and Endo lef the Mint Bureau.
- 盛政の急襲作戦は見事に成功し、盛政は清秀を討ち取り、賤ヶ岳の戦いの緒戦を勝利に導いた。
- The raid by Morimasa ended in success by beating Kiyohide, which led the first battle of the Shizugatake Battle to victory.
- 幕政をほとんど主導せず、松平定信や松平信明らの幕閣に任せて自らは大奥に入り浸っていた。
- Ienari spent most of his time in O-oku and played virtually no part in the administration of the bakufu, instead leaving such duties to his cabinet members, including Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA and Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA.
- しかし実際の幕政は家斉の側近である林忠英らが主導し、家斉による側近政治はなおも続いた。
- The shogunate government, however, continued to be led by Ienari's inner circle, which included Tadafusa HAYASHI.
- 1909年(明治42年)にピエール=オーギュスト・ルノワールの指導を受ける機会を得た。
- 1909, he acquired the opportunity to receive guidance from Pierre-Auguste RENOIR.
- 鎮魂祭はかつては旧暦11月の2度目の寅の日に行われていた(太陽暦導入後は11月22日)。
- Chinkon-sai Festival used to be performed on the second Day of the Tiger of November in the old calendar (on November 22 after the solar calendar was introduced).
- 天孫降臨の時にニニギを先導した天忍日命(あめのおしひのみこと)を祖とし、神別氏族である。
- It had been believed that the Saeki clan was descendents of a god, Ame no Oshihi no Mikoto who had guided the way for Ninigi no Mikoto (the Prince of fertile rice-ears) when a god Ninigi no Mikoto had come down to the earth (the occasion has been called 'Tenson Korin').
- 文物だけでなく、知識を身につけた留学生や留学僧も日本に戻って指導的な役割を果たしている。
- It was not only products of culture that were brought back; scholars and monks who obtained knowledge in Tang returned to Japan and played leading roles.
- 1869年(明治2年)、4藩同時に率先して版籍奉還を上奏し、全国諸藩の版籍奉還を導いた。
- In 1869, these Four Domains simultaneously took the role of national leadership in submitting a plan of Hanseki-hokan (return of lands and people to the emperor), and led the returning of lands and people of the various domains of the entire nation to the emperor.
- こうした累代の国追捕使は国内武士の指導者、つまり「一国棟梁」として国内武士を組織化した。
- Such successive koku-tsuibushi in a province organized samurai in the province as the leader of the samurai in the province, or as 'Ikkoku-toryo' (the provincial leader).
- 牙符制は導入当初こそ通交統制に効果を発揮したが、明応の政変を期に牙符が流出し効力を失う。
- Although Gafusei was effective in controlling dispatch of envoys at the beginning, Gafu flew after the Meio no ran and lost its effect.
- 元文2年(1737年)に光圀死後の事業を主導してきた安積澹泊が死去すると事業は休止する。
- The enterprise became inactive when ASAKA Tanpaku who had lead it since Mitsukuni, died in 1737
- 中国式の太陰太陽暦が導入される以前、望の日を月初としていたことの名残りと考えられている。
- It is considered that the term is a relic of the time when the mochi no hi was regarded as the first day of a month, before the Chinese-style lunar calendar was introduced.
- 政府主導で積極的な西洋文化の導入が図られ、鹿鳴館時代には皮相的に急激な西洋化が図られた。
- The government took the initiative in actively introducing western culture, and the rapid westernization was enhanced superficially in the period of Rokumeikan (Deer-cry-Hall).
- ヨーロッパの空手は、1960年代以降、日本から空手指導員が派遣されるという形で広まった。
- In Europe, karate spread after the 1960's through karate instructors dispatched from Japan to Europe.
- このパレードは「治道(ちどう)」とよばれる鼻の高い天狗のような仮面をつけた者が先導する。
- This parade is led by chido (road keeper) with a mask like a Tengu (long-nosed goblin).
- この登録制度は、有形文化財のうち建造物について、登録有形文化財制度として先に導入された。
- Among tangible cultural properties, the registration system was introduced to architecture in advance as a tangible cultural property registry system.
- 上記の意味から転じて、日本武術の指導者のこと(必ずしも家元にあたる者を指すとは限らない)
- From above meaning, Shike also implies leader of Japanese martial art (not necessary the head family).
- 北畠親房の「神皇正統記」や今川了俊の「難太平記」でも鎌倉幕府を主導した政子の評価は高い。
- Masako was also highly evaluated for her leadership of the Kamakura government in the 'Jinno Shotoki' (Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors) by Chikafusa KITABATAKE and the 'Nan Taihei ki' by Ryoshun IMAGAWA.
- 文久元年(1861年)には長崎に遊学し、長崎南画派の祖門鉄翁、木下逸雲らの指導を受けた。
- In 1861, he went to Nagasaki to receive training at the Nagasaki Nanga school of art from Tetsuo SOMON and Itsuun KINOSHITA.
- 畜舎・家畜の保護措置、農産物・飼料の覆い、電子・精密機械に侵入する微粒子の遮蔽措置を指導。
- It is guided how to protect livestock barns and livestock, how to cover farm products and fodder, and how to prevent fine particles from intruding in electronic or precision machines.
- 併せて、天皇支配を具現化するために律令制の導入を進め、8世紀初頭の大宝律令制定に結実した。
- In addition, the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based upon the ritsuryo code) was introduced to realize control by the Emperor, producing Taiho Ritsuryo (the Taiho Code) in the early eighth century.
- 日本の雑徭(ぞうよう)は、中国の制度を元としているが、日本の国情に合わせて導入されている。
- The zoyo in Japan was based on the Chinese system, but it was introduced after being modified to meet the conditions of Japan.
- それが日本に導入され、大宝 (日本)元年(701年)の大宝律令で大尺・小尺を制定している。
- These units were introduced in Japan, and o-shaku (a large shaku) and sho-shaku (a small shaku) were enacted in the Taiho Ritsuryo (the Code of Taiho) established in 701.
- だが、研究会_(貴族院)の指導者三島弥太郎の工作によって3月25日に修正付きで可決された。
- But by the maneuvering of Yataro MISHIMA, the leader of a study group (in the House of Peers), the bill was approved with amendments on March 25.
- 日本における奴婢制度は、隋・唐の律令制を取り入れる時に日本式に改良して導入したものである。
- The slavery system in Japan was introduced upon amending the ritsuryo systems of Sui and Tang to a Japanese style when introducing them.
- 浄土三部経の経文を引用し、それに対する善導の解釈を引き、さらに法然自身の考えを述べている。
- It includes sutras quoted from the Jodo Sanbu-kyo, their explanation by Shandao, and Honen's opinion on them.
- 三増酒の生産が昭和24酒造年度(1949年-1950年)に本格的に導入されることになった。
- The production of sanzoshu was officially introduced in the Showa 24 brewing year (1949 to 1950).
- 文化 (日本)2年(1805年) 「葛飾北斎」の号を用いる(正字については導入部を参照)。
- In 1805, he began using the go 'Hokusai KATSUSHIKA' (as to the orthographic style, refer to the introduction).
- 義満の将軍権威が確立して主導的な執政が行われはじめると義将の政治的立場は危うい状態になる。
- When Yoshimitsu established the shogunal authority and started vigorous administration, Yoshimasa's political position fell shaky.
- その後、彰子は指導力に乏しい弟たちに代えて一門を統率し、頼通らと協力して摂関政治を支えた。
- Over the next few years, by replacing younger brothers lacking leadership skills, Shoshi assumed leadership of the family and, with the support of Yorimichi and others, helped sustain the system of regents.
- このため、直義を支持する一派と、師直を中心とする一派が、幕府の主導権をめぐって対立を深める。
- Therefore, a conflict over the supremacy of the bakufu arose between the group supporting Tadayoshi and the group supporting Moronao.
- 両者の接点に久御山町役場があるので、役場には075と0774双方の電話回線が導入されている。
- Since the Kumiyama-cho town office is located at the connecting point of both districts, both the area codes of 075 and 0774 are applied to the town office.
- 1871年(明治4年)、再び4藩同時に率先して廃藩置県を上奏し、全国諸藩の廃藩置県を導いた。
- In 1871, again, the Four Domains simultaneously took the role of national leadership in reporting a plan of the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) to the emperor, and led the abolition of the various domains of the entire nation.
- そのため、農業機械の導入には経済的負担が大きく、兼業化しないと農業を続けられないことも多い。
- As a result, it costs farmers too much to introduce agricultural machines and they are often forced into having another job in order to continue farming.
- また京流手事物では手事の冒頭に導入部として「序」あるいは「マクラ」という部分のある曲も多い。
- Also in Kyoto-style tegotomono, many have a part of 'jo' or 'makura' (prelude) as an introduction of tegoto.
- しかし、本格的な指導は、富名腰義珍(後の船越義珍)や本部朝基らが本土へ渡った大正以降である。
- However, full-fledged karate education developed after the Taisho period, when Gichin FUNAKOSHI and Choki MOTOBU migrated to the Japanese mainland.
- またはその流派や道場から門下生を指導教授する者に対して与えられる職位または免許・称号のこと。
- Or, it is a job grade, license, and title granted to teachers who instruct students from school or Dojo (training hall).
- たとえば、関孝和は一次連立不定方程式の一般解を与え、久留島義太はオイラー関数を導入している。
- Takakazu SEKI, for example, gave a general solution of simultaneous linear diophantine equation, and Yoshihiro KURUSHIMA adopted Euler's function.
- さらに永禄9年(1566年)に入ると、畿内の主導権をめぐって三好三人衆と対立するようになる。
- In 1566 he became antagonistic to the Miyoshi Sanninshu in the struggle for leadership in Kinai.
- 精密機械工業や半導体の工場では、黄砂の微小粒子の侵入により不良品ができるなどの被害も発生する。
- In factories for precision machinery or for semiconductors, the intrusion of minute particles included in kosa may cause damage that generates defective products.
- 887年に即位した宇多天皇は、その数年後に基経が死去すると天皇主導の政治を展開するようになる。
- Emperor Uda, who ascended the throne in 887, began to develop emperor-centric policies when Mototsune passed away a few years later.
- 順峯は天台宗系の聖護院(本山派)が、逆峯は真言宗系の醍醐寺三宝院(当山派)がそれぞれ主導する。
- Junbu is led by Shogoin (Honzan school) of a branch of the Tendai sect and Gyakufu is led by Sanbo-in of Daigo-ji Temple (Tozan school) of the Shingon Sect line respectively.
- しかし、現在では舞鶴若狭自動車道の整備や、京都府が主導する工業団地の建設などが進められている。
- Now, however, the Maizuru Wakasa Expressway and Kyoto Prefecture-led industry parks are being built.
- このような朝廷の下では、大政奉還後の新政権も徳川慶喜が主導するものになることが当然予想された。
- Under such Imperial Court, it was naturally expected that the new government after Taisei Hokan would be led by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
- 前者の有用な部分は後者によって承継され、吉宗主導の改革と共に後世に残ったとみるのが至当である。
- It is reasonable to understand that useful policies implemented in the former were succeeded by the latter and carried out under the reforms conducted by Yoshimune in succeeding years.
- また専売制などの導入など一部の内容は日本政府との事前協議及び国会の承認を必要とした内容もある。
- Some of the policies such as the introduction of monopoly required a conference with the Japanese government in advance and authorization by the Diet.
- 11月17日には本部棟(時計台)で抗議の座り込みを行った学生に対し、警官隊を導入して排除した。
- On November 17, the authorities called the police to remove protesting students who had been sitting in the headquarters (the clock tower on campus).
- 西洋音楽の要素を導入した新日本音楽の中心的存在に立ち、箏のみならず邦楽全般の活性化につとめた。
- He was a pivotal figure of new Japanese music in which the elements of western music was introduced, and he strived to activate not only Soh, but also whole of traditional Japanese music.
- 焙乾法で作られた鰹節は熊野節として人気を呼び、土佐藩は藩を上げて熊野節の製法を導入したという。
- The katsuobushi thus produced with the roast seasoning method was called Kumano-bushi (katsuobushi produced in Kumano), and this was so popular that the entire Tosa clan introduced the method into their own katsuobushi production.
- 山卸廃止酛は、明治政府の先導でつくられた国立醸造試験所で明治42年(1909年)に開発された。
- The yamaoroshi-haishi-moto was developed in 1909 in the National Research Institute of Brewing established through the initiation of the Meiji government.
- また活版印刷の導入によって絵に対して文章の比重が高まったほか発行部数の増大などの変化があった。
- Furthermore, with the introduction of letterpress printing, the written word became more important than the graphics and besides this, there were changes such as massive growth of circulation etc.
- 明治時代以降、海外の影響を受けて野球、テニス、ボート、陸上などの競技が学校を中心に導入された。
- After the Meiji period, games such as baseball, tennis, boat, field athletics etc. were mainly introduced in schools due to influences from foreign countries.
- 平家によって焼かれた、東大寺の再建は、僧重源がもたらした大陸の様式・技術を導入して建築された。
- The Todai-ji Temple destroyed in a fire by the Taira family, was reconstructed in the style and technique of China introduced by a priest, Chogen.
- 昭和に入ると、摩文仁賢和、宮城長順、遠山寛賢らも本土へ渡って、唐手の指導に当たるようになった。
- In the early Showa period, Kenwa MABUNI, Chojun MIYAGI and Kanken TOYAMA migrated to the Japanese mainland and taught karate there.
- 昭和に入ると、技に名称をつけたり、伝書の作成、組手の研究、さらには試合の導入などが試みられた。
- In the Showa period, various attempts were made, such as the naming of techniques, the creation of textbooks, research on kumite, and the introduction of matches and tournaments.
- しかし、空手の近代化が進むにつれて、西洋の身体動作や運動理論の導入に対する反省も起こっている。
- However, as the modernization of karate has progressed there have also emerged critics that voice concern over the introduction of Western body motions and exercise theories.
- その指導内容はまさに日系人の食生活そのものだったことから、日本食が広く注目されるようになった。
- As the dietary habits exhorted in the guideline completely agreed with those of the Japanese descents, Japanese foods came to attract considerable attention.
- この徴兵検査の際に白い越中褌の着用が指導されることで、擬似的な「褌祝」に相当するようになった。
- This examination for conscription became a pseudo 'fundoshi iwai,' because the government instructed the people to wear a white Etchu fundoshi loincloth at all examinations for conscription.
- また、暦学に詳しく、建部とともに吉宗に西洋暦法の導入、漢訳西洋天文学書の輸入の必要性を訴えた。
- He was also well-versed with the study of the calendar, and together with Takebe, he appealed to Shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA the need to import western books on astronomy translated into Chinese.
- 耳川の戦いは、宗麟主導のもとでキリスト教王国建設を夢見て行なった無謀な戦争とされることが多い。
- The Battle of Mimi-kawa was often considered to be the reckless war with the dreaming of building the 'Christian Kingdom' mainly led by Sorin.
- その鬱憤が、在地勢力をこぞって南朝方に誘導し、守護島津氏との対決姿勢を顕わにすることとなった。
- The animosity between them led the whole local rulers en masse to join the Southern Court, and a showdown with the Provincial Governor Shimazu became imminent.
- 823年(弘仁14)2月、参議兼大宰大弐の小野岑守(おののみねもり)は、公営田の導入を建議した。
- In February 823, ONO no Minemori, who was Sangi (councillor) and Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) proposed the introduction of Kueiden.
- 通信使は柳川事件の翌年に、それまで柳川家主導で応対されていたものが対馬宗氏の手によって招かれた。
- In the year next to the year when the Yanagawa Incident occurred, the So clan in Tsushima invited Tsushinshi, instead of the Yanagawa family that had mainly handled such events until then.
- 為兼は伏見の信任を背景に二条派と並ぶ歌壇の一方の指導者となっただけでなく、政務にも深く関与した。
- Tamekane was trusted by Fushimi and was the leader of the leading tanka (short poem) circle other than the Nijo school, and was also heavily involved in government affairs.
- 1907年には山縣の主導によって平時25師団体制を確保するとした「帝国国防方針」案が纏められる。
- In 1907, under the leadership of Yamagata, the 'Imperial Defense Policy' proposal was prepared to secure a 25 division formation during times of peace.
- 太平洋戦争による敗戦を経ても現代でも続く、長州藩閥の影響による内務省族主導の政治体制が始まった。
- Politics led by the lawmakers representing the interests of the Ministry of Interior, which has been dominated by the faction from the Choshu domain even after the defeat in the Pacific War, started.
- 焙烙玉の導火線に火を点けて、火縄銃の30匁筒など大筒に詰めて放ち、敵兵の殺傷を主目的とした兵器。
- A Horokudama was a weapon designed to wound and kill enemies by lighting its fuse, putting it into a large gun, such as the 112-gram matchlock, and firing it off.
- 旋律にとんだ「曲舞(くせまい)」(白拍子の芸)などを導入して従来の猿楽に大きな革新をもたらした。
- It introduced surprising plays such as 'kusemai (literally 'Music Dance')' (Shirabyoshi-no-gei), etc to the melody and this brought about a big reformation to traditional Sarugaku.
- かつては型の修行に最も価値がおかれていたが、近年では試合制の導入などにより組手重視の傾向にある。
- Previously, the practice of kata was valued most, but recently there has been a growing trend toward kumite due to the introduction of tournaments.
- 7月15日:夏の大祭@稲毛浅間神社(千葉市稲毛区)(小学生くらいの6名の手古舞が稚児行列を先導)
- July 15: Summer Grand Festival at Inage Sengen-jinja Shrine (Inage Ward, Chiba City) (six elementary school children perform the tekomai while leading a children's parade)
- 引き幕によって時間を区切るという演出は物語に時の流れを自然に導入し、複雑な劇の展開を可能にした。
- Through the staging of separating time using a draw curtain, the time flow was naturally introduced into the story, and this enabled a complicated play to be developed.
- そこで、遠州の指導を受けた膳所焼は評判を上げ、茶入や水指などは諸大名らの贈答品として重宝された。
- With guidance from Enshu, Zeze-yaki Pottery earned a reputation and its chaire (tea container), mizusashi (water jug), and so on were appreciated as gifts for feudal lords.
- 日本が初めて直面した近代戦争である日清戦争と日露戦争では、天皇は大本営で直接戦争指導に当たった。
- In the first War Japan was involved in, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, the Emperor directly trained the soldiers at the Imperial headquarters.
- デイムラーはイギリス王室で初めて御料車に採用された名車であり、その実績を評価されての導入だった。
- Daimler was introduced because of the fact that it was adopted by the British Royal Family as their first goryosha.
- 熾仁親王同様明治天皇の信任が篤く、皇太子(後の大正天皇)の教育係である東宮輔導に任命されている。
- He had a complete trust of Emperor Meiji, just like Imperial Prince Taruhito, and was appointed as an educator of the Crown Prince (later Emperor Taisho).
- 即位直後におきた「阿衡事件」は、天皇を自らの傀儡にしたい基経と、若き天皇との主導権争いでもある。
- A power struggle occurred after the young Emperor Uda was enthroned, when he and Yoshitsune, who wanted control over the Emperor, fought against each other in the 'Ako Affair.'
- また、中国や西洋の流れに反して不定時法を暦法において公式に導入したことに関しても強い批判がある。
- Also there is a strong criticism for officially introducing the Japanese classical Timetable Method in the calendar, going against the influence of China and Europe.
- ややこしい問題(真打)を無理に導入するよりも、現状を維持するほうがいいというのは十分理解できる。
- It is fully understandable that maintaining the status quo is better than forcibly introducing a confusing issue (shinuchi).
- ただし村普請方という役職もあり御上(おかみ)主導で集落や自治単位の負担で行われる村普請もあった。
- However, some mura fushin were executed through a managerial position called mura fushin kata by the okami in each community or municipality.
- 元就が構築した政治体制は領内の国人領主や地方勢力との共生を念頭とした典型的な集団指導体制である。
- The political system Motonari built was a typical collective leadership system that attempted to balance the coexistence of the kokujin lords and local powers within the territory.
- 自由党幹部として、中央政界の傍ら福島県会議員、県会議長として県議会においても指導的立場にあった。
- He played the leading role not only in the national political arena as a Liberal Party executive, but also in a prefectural assembly as an assembly member of Fukushima Prefecture and a chairman of the assembly.
- 長寿だったため、縁者である若者鮎川義介(実姉常子の孫)や鮎川の義弟久原房之助への指導もしている。
- Having a long life, teaching his young relative Yoshisuke AYUKAWA (a grandson of his real sister Tsuneko) and AYUKAWA's brother-in-law Fusanosuke KUHARA.
- 高杉らは西洋式兵制を採用した奇兵隊の創設をはじめとする軍制改革に着手、大村にその指導を要請する。
- Takasugi undertook military reforms such as the creation of the Kiheitai (irregular militia) and adopting a Western-style military, asking Omura to train them.
- 管領への就任で幕政を指導し、また幼少の足利義満を補佐して、半済令の施行や南朝との和睦などを行う。
- After being assigned as Kanrei, he led the shogunate government implementing Hanzeirei (order allowing military governors, or Shugo, to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund) and making peace with the Southern Court while assisting the youthful Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 明治15年(1882年)には日刊新聞『時事新報』を創刊し、不偏不党の理念のもと、世論を先導した。
- In 1882, Yukichi launched the daily newspaper 'Jiji Shinpo' and led public opinion based on the idea of being impartial and independent of any political party.
- 明治政府は、農業収入に課税する年貢制ではなく、全土地に課税する地租を導入し、検地は行わなくなった。
- The Meiji government eliminated the old tax system, which taxed the overall agricultural production, and introduced a new nationwide land tax (based on the total amount--not the productivity--of land owned), and with this, kenchi, with their focus on yield, were no longer conducted.
- 従前の大区小区制が地方の実情に合わず不評であったことから、これを見直すために導入されたものである。
- It was introduced to review the previous Daiku-shoku Sei (a centralized district system that abolished all pre-existing towns, villages and their offices and institutions), which had been unpopular as the system did not meet local circumstances.
- 更に岡山市のように都市の範囲と土地権利の確定が行われて地子が近世を通じて導入されている地域もある。
- And in some areas, including the area which is now called Okayama City, the city boundary and the rights on land were determined, so jishi was imposed on the residents throughout the early modern ages.
- 惣追捕使は、国内武士を統率する役割を担っており、これは国衙軍制の枠組みを導入したものと評価できる。
- Sotsuibushi had the role of controlling samurai in the province, and this system can be evaluated as introducing the framework of the kokuga force system.
- しかし、棚田まで、あるいは棚田間に舗装された道路を通すことで、「小型」農業機械の導入は可能である。
- However, it is possible to introduce 'small' agricultural machines by building roads to or between rice terraces.
- 通常、流内の政治的な把握と、芸事に関する指導とをともに行い、流儀の正統性の由来とされることが多い。
- Iemoto usually takes control of politics within the school, conducts training, and is often considered the legitimate origin of the school's style.
- さらに東大寺大仏の建立、鑑真招来による律宗の導入などが行われたが、いまだ本格的な普及には遠かった。
- In addition, the Great Buddha of the Todai-ji Temple was constructed and the Ritsu sect was introduced by inviting Jianzhen from China, but Buddhism was not spread very widely.
- 彼は朱子学にも誤りがあるとして理気論や太極論の修正を行い、陸九淵の学の成果を積極的に導入している。
- He claimed that there was fallacy in Neo-Confucianism, correcting the Li and Qi theory and Taiji theory, and actively adopted the achievements of Riku Kyuen's (Lu Jiuyuan) learning.
- ブームを加速させたのは、1977年に連邦政府が発表した食生活改善指導(食生活指針アメリカ)である。
- The boom was accelerated following the announcement of 'Dietary guidelines in the U.S.' (a guidance aimed at improving the dietary habits) by the federal government in 1977.
- - 館山自動車道・市原インターチェンジ-国道297号-国道128号-守谷海岸駐車場(誘導看板あり)
- Tateyama Expressway, Ichihara Interchange - National Route 297 - National Route 128 - Moriya Beach Parking Area (there is a guidance sign)
- :サン・シール陸軍士官学校に留学した久松定謨の補導役としてフランスへ渡り、騎兵戦術の習得に努める。
- He traveled to France as an assistant for Sadakoto HISAMATSU who studied at École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr and tried to master cavarly tactics.
- 平治元年(1159年)12月の平治の乱では、内裏占拠後の藤原信頼主導の除目で左兵衛尉に任じられる。
- During the Heiji War in December 1159, he was appointed as Sahyoe no jo (third-ranked officer of Sahyoe-fu, the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards) in the appointment ceremony led by FUJIWARA no Nobuyori who occupied the Imperial Palace.
- 近代以前からの伝統的な仏教研究の上に、西洋近代の実証的・客観的な学問体系と方法論を初めて導入した。
- He introduced modern Western empirical and objective learning system and methodology to premodern traditional Buddhist studies for the first time.
- 一方で収賄などの噂も絶えず、日本の政党政治と利益誘導の構造すなわち金権型政党政治を築いたとされる。
- On the other hand, HOSHI was always rumored to take bribes, and thus he is said to have established the Japan's party politics combined with pork barrel politics, in other words, the money-driven political system.
- 星は、積極財政をすすめて地域への利益誘導をはかり、支持獲得を目指す積極主義という政治手法をとった。
- HOSHI took a positive political approach in which he promoted an expansionary fiscal policy to develop pork barrel politics, trying to obtain appropriations for his own district, with an aim to gain support.
- 享保の改革で徳川吉宗を補佐した和泉守忠之や天保の改革を主導した水野忠邦等、著名な老中も輩出している。
- This family produced renowned roju, such as the Izumi no kami (Governor of Izumi Province) Tadayuki, who assisted Yoshimune TOKUGAWA during the Kyoho Reforms and Tadakuni MIZUNO, who led the Tenpo Reforms.
- 計画では琵琶湖疏水分線から賀茂川をサイフォンでくぐり、紫明通、堀川通の地下に導水路を設けて水を引く。
- In the plan, water from a branch of the lake Biwa canal is siphoned under the Kamo-gawa River, and is supplied to the area through a channel provided under Shimei-dori Street and Horikawa-dori Street.
- やがて鉄砲鍛冶が成立し、戦場における新兵器として火器が導入され、日本の天下統一を左右することになる。
- The gunsmith industry was then established and guns started to be used in the battlefield as a new weapon, even affecting the unification of Japan.
- 彼らから確実に収取するためにも、在家制度が導入されたのである(反対に荘園側でも同様の賦課を行った)。
- One of the purposes of introducing the zaike system was to make sure of those farmers' tax payment, and similar tax imposition was begun in the shoen.
- プリント基板に半導体メモリなどの電子部品を差し込むためのソケット部品を、その形状から「ゲタ」と呼ぶ。
- A socket component used to put electronic components such as semiconductor memory into the printed-circuit board is called 'Geta' from its shape.
- 法興王の時代に公認された後は、南朝梁との交流もあり、国家主導の仏教振興策がとられるようになっていた。
- After it was officially admitted in the era of King Hoko, Buddhism promotion policy was implemented by the nation combined with exchange with the Liang of the Southern Dynasty.
- 例えば、一字金輪仏頂がその輪宝で悪神を折伏するとすれば、仏眼仏母は悪神を摂受によって教え導くという。
- For example, Ichijikinrinbuccho wins over evil deities with its weapon known as Rinpo, while Butsugenbutsumo enlightens and leads evil deities by teaching without pointing out mistaken beliefs.
- しかし日本においては、浄土宗の開祖法然は、「偏依善導」(偏に善導に依る)と師事し、この書を重用した。
- However, in Japan, it was highly regarded by Honen, who was the founder of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect, and was supported because 'he relied solely on Shandao.'
- 日本においては山陽鉄道で1899年に導入されたものが初めてであり、駅弁の発祥よりも後のことであった。
- Dining cars were first introduced in Japan by Sanyo Railway Company in 1899, which was later than the birth of Ekiben.
- 説経は、仏教の経文や教義を説いて衆生を導く唱導から、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて発生した芸能である。
- Sekkyo is a public entertainment which appeared between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period based on shodo, which is the guidance leading all living things by explaining the Buddhist sutras and doctrines.
- さらにその後には陸軍大将・近衛都督を兼務し、大久保、木戸ら岩倉使節団の外遊中には留守政府を主導した。
- And after that, he held the posts of full general and Konoe-totoku (regulator of Konoefu), and he took charge of the Rusu-seifu (a temporary government while the permanent officials are away) when Okubo and Kido went to the official travel of Iwakura Mission.
- この風潮は守護大名から荘園領主、惣村指導者、土倉などの有力商人、果ては一般民衆まで社会全体に定着した。
- This trend was established in the whole society among Shugo daimyo, lords of the manor, leaders of the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing associations), prominent merchants such as the doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), and even commoners.
- 貴族が着用する衣服は元々中国から導入されたものだったが、そのうち束帯という日本独特な正装へと変化した。
- The clothes the nobles wore were originally introduced from China, but changed to sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), Japan's unique formal wear.
- 長慶やその弟たちの相次ぐ死と、久秀や三人衆が主導権をめぐって争った結果、三好氏は著しく衰退してしまう。
- With the successive deaths of Nagayoshi and his younger brothers and as the result of Hisahide and sanninshu bickering over the leadership, Miyoshi clan extremely declined in strength.
- 1894年10月9日全琫準を指導者とする東学農民軍が侵入した日本軍を秀吉軍の再来と受け止め再蜂起した。
- On October 9, 1894, armed peasants in Tonghak led by Jeon Bong Jun regarded the invading Japanese troops as the second army of Hideyoshi and rose against it.
- 「大映スコープ」の導入によりクレジット表記が雲の果てから太陽の光が差し込むというお馴染みのものになる。
- With the introduction of 'Daiei Scope' the opening credits were changed back to the familiar footage of sunlight shining through the clouds.
- 五大老の筆頭となった家康は秀吉死後の和平交渉でも主導権を握り、実質的な政権運営者へとのし上がってゆく。
- Ieyasu, who became the top of Gotairo, gained the control of the peace talks after Hideyoshi's death and pushed his way up to the virtual operator of the government.
- 池上米など日本に近い品種の米が導入されたことも、台湾での弁当の普及に大きく関係しているものと思われる。
- It is thought that the spread of Bento in Taiwan is partly because the rice variety such as Chi Shang rice, similar to Japanese rice, was introduced.
- 議論をふっかけた者勝ち、気の強い者勝ちという風潮が強く、試合の議論で正しい結論が導かれるとは限らない。
- There are some tendencies that a player fastens a quarrel first always carries his point or that a tougher one's claim is admitted, therefore, not all the arguments during the games end with right outcomes.
- 7世正房は維新の後に姓を古田に復して、以後門下の指導に当たっていたが、現在、古田家は指導を離れている。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Masafusa, the seventh head of the school, restored the family name to the original Furuta, and taught students of the school, but now the Furuta family doesn't teach the school.
- 狭義には大いに発展した江戸時代の関孝和以降のそれを指すが、西洋数学導入以前の数学全体を指すこともある。
- In a strict sense, wasan refers to mathematics developed by Takakazu SEKI that flourished during the Edo period, but in a wider sense, it refers to mathematics in general practiced and studied in Japan before the introduction of mathematics from Europe.
- 杜氏の統率の下に部門別に工程を分担し、蔵人の直接指導をする責任者であり、中間管理職のような役割も負う。
- These people take partial charge of the brewing process by section and directly instruct kurabito under the command of the toji, and they also play a role of middle level executives.
- 一方では高校生を対象とする歌舞伎教室を開催、「若鮎の会」を主宰して若手俳優の指導など人材育成に努めた。
- However, he made efforts to develop human resources including holding kabuki classes for high-school students and instructing young actors and actresses by leading 'wakaayu-no-kai (group of young sweetfish).'
- 森村組にいたのを、伝三郎に呼ばれ、小坂鉱山に赴任、新技術を導入して、藤田組の経営立て直しに功があった。
- When he was working for Morimura Gumi, he was invited by Denzaburo to go to a new post at the Kosaka Mine, where he introduced new technology and contributed to the reconstruction of Fujita Gumi.
- 元老拝辞はならなかったものの、内閣総理大臣奏薦は内大臣主導で行い、西園寺がそれを追認する形式となった。
- Even though he did not receive permission to resign from his position as a Genro, advising of the appointment of the Prime Minister was led by the Minister of the Imperial Household followed by Saionji, who confirmed it.
- また、砂漠緑化や農業指導などは、日本など発生国以外の国も協力可能であり、実際に各地で活動が行われている。
- The nations where no kosa is produced, such as Japan, can also aid the activities to plant trees in deserts and to guide farming methods, and such activities have actually been done in various places.
- それに対して信長は元亀元年(1570年)に全人衆主導の自治に不満を抱く殿原衆を切り崩して支配下に置いた。
- Nobunaga separated Tonobara-shu from Zenjin-shu and put the former under his control: the former had been discontented with Zenjin-shu-led autonomy.
- このうち、不平士族を中心にした段階の運動を士族民権、農村指導者層を中心にした段階の運動を豪農民権という。
- The movement dominated by dissatisfied shizoku was termed the 'Shizoku Minken' (Popular rights movement among shizoku), whereas one dominated by leading members in rural villages was called the 'Gono Minken' (Popular rights movement among wealthy farmers).
- 当時、立命館大学法学部の学生であった被告人は、デモ隊先頭集団の列外に立って行進し、デモ隊を誘導していた。
- The defendant was a student of Ritsumeikan University's Faculty of Law at that time and marched off the leading group of the demonstration to lead the demonstration march.
- 810年代のうちは右大臣藤原園人主導のもと、有力貴族・寺社を抑制し貧民救済を重視する政策がとられていた。
- During 810's, Udaijin (minister of the right), FUJIWARA no Sonohito took the initiative in policies that controlled powerful peerage and temples, shrines, and focused on relief of the poor.
- 海軍大臣時代は山本権兵衛を海軍省官房主事に抜擢して大いに腕を振るわせ、日本海軍を日清日露の戦勝に導いた。
- While he was serving as the Minister of the Navy, he selected Gonbei YAMAMOTO as the Kanboshuji (director of the secretariat) of the Ministry of the Navy and allowed him to exercise his abilities, leading to the victories of the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War.
- そのためには、技術開発を進め、専門家が指導を行って、砂漠化防止活動を長期間持続できるようにする必要がある。
- Therefore, it is necessary to develop the technologies needed for these measures and to guide people by specialists concerned, to make the activities for preventing desertification continue for a long period of time.
- 李氏朝鮮成立の過程で土地制度の改革が行われ、科田制及び職田制が導入され、多くの既存荘園が没収されていった。
- During the formation process of the Yi Dynasty Korea, the land system was reformed, the rank-land system (kwajonbop) and the 'office land' (chikchon) system were introduced and lots of existing manors were confiscated.
- 公営田の導入は、人別課税を基本とした律令制支配から土地課税を重視した支配への転換を示す最初期の例であった。
- The introduction of Kueiden was one example of the early changes in which the Ritsuryo system, the individual-based ruling system, turned into a land-based ruling system.
- 突然独裁者である義教を失った幕府は、管領の細川持之の指導力が欠如していたことから機能停止に陥ってしまった。
- The bakufu that lost Yoshinori, an absolute ruler, came to a standstill as the kanrei, Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, lacked leadership.
- しかし1927年、左派が協会の主導権を握ると右派の離脱を惹起し、台湾における社会運動は分裂することになる。
- In 1927, however, the left wing took control of the association and the right wing withdrew from the association, which incident resulted in a split of the social movement in Taiwan.
- 信西入道(藤原通憲)が主導した保元年間の大内裏復興、朝儀再興の気運の下に製作が開始されたともいわれている。
- It is said that 'Nenchu-gyoji Emaki' started to be created during the Hogen era (1156-1158) led by Shinzei Nyudo (FUJIWARA no Michinori) under the mood of Dai-dairi (place of the Imperial Palace and government offices) revival and chogi (ceremony at Imperial Court) restoration.
- 平安時代の塔建築では、最初に宝塔や大塔といった新形式の導入がみられたが、現存する遺構は層塔形式のみである。
- Regarding pagoda architecture during the Heian period, new types of pagodas including hoto (treasure pagoda) or daito pagoda were introduced, however the structural remnants that exist today were in soto (multi-leveled tower) architecture only.
- 焙烙玉とは、料理器具である焙烙、ないしはそれに似た陶器に火薬を入れ、導火線に火を点けて敵方に投げ込む兵器。
- Horokudama is a weapon created by putting gun powder in a piece of kitchenware called a Horoku or similar earthenware, lighting its fuse and throwing it at enemies.
- ここでデモ隊は、上記許可条件を熟知していなかった被告人の誘導により、交差点の中央付近まで進行してしまった。
- But the defendant, who did not know fully about the condition of permission, led the demonstration march around the center of the intersection.
- 築き堤奉行には蜂須賀正勝が任命され、宇喜多忠家が黒田官兵衛の指導のもと難所の門前村から下出田村までを担当。
- Masakatsu HACHISUKA was put in charge of the embankment while Tadaie UKITA, under the direction of Kanbei KURODA, was in charge of the difficult area from Monzen Village to Shimoideta Village.
- 日本の豊臣秀吉が主導する遠征軍と李氏朝鮮および明の軍との間で交渉を交えながら朝鮮半島を戦場にして戦われた。
- An expeditionary force from Japan headed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and military forces of the Yi Dynasty Korea and Ming fought each other on the Korean Peninsula carrying out intermittent negotiations in parallel.
- なお、秀吉は開戦後も李氏朝鮮が降参するならこれを許し、明遠征への先導役を果たさせる考えを捨てていなかった。
- Hideyoshi still maintained the intention that, if Yi Dynasty Korea would surrender, he would accept it and make it a stepping stone for an expedition to Ming.
- 相手に呼吸を合わせて接触点が離れないよう保ちつつ、接触点を通して相手の重心・体勢を崩れる方向に導いて行く。
- By breathing in sync with the opponent to maintain the contact point, one leads the opponent's center of gravity and posture in the direction needed for it to collapse via the contact point.
- また、カラオケというビジネスモデルが成功した理由のひとつとして、このときリースを導入したことが挙げられる。
- One of the reasons why the business model of karaoke was successful may be an introduction of a lease system.
- - 神戸らんぷ亭、豪州産にくわえメキシコ産牛肉を導入にともない、牛どん(並)を350円→380円に値上げ。
- Kobelamptei raised the price of (the regular size) gyudon from 350 yen to 380 yen with the introduction of Mexian beef as well as Australian beef.
- 京流手事物曲の手事では、手事の最初に前唄からの導入部的な部分である「序」または「マクラ」を持つものが多い。
- In tegoto of Kyoto-style tegotomono, many have preludes called 'jo' or 'makura' in the beginning, which serve as introductory parts in relation to maeuta (the former song).
- 利実は、斜面打起しであった竹林派に正面打起しを導入するなど射法に改良を加え、現代の射法に強い影響を与えた。
- By introducing various modifications such as Shamen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in a slanting position) into Chikurin school, which is Shomen-uchiokoshi (anchoring in front facing posture), Toshizane improved the shooting method and brought about a major impact to modern archery.
- 明治初期に来日し、工部美術学校で彫刻を指導したイタリア人ヴィンチェンツォ・ラグーザの作品も指定されている。
- The 'modern masterpiece' designation was given to a work by Vincenzo Ragusa, an Italian who came to Japan and taught sculpture at a school of craft and art.
- こうした指導により「浄土真宗」又は「真宗」と呼ばれるようになり、浄土真宗内部では正式には使われなくなった。
- Under Rennyo's instructions, the Jodo Shinshu sect became to be called 'the Jodo Shinshu sect' or 'the Shinshu,' and the name 'Ikkoshu' was no longer formally used inside the Jodo Shinshu sect.
- 関八州の各地で生まれた彼らは、それぞれに辛酸を嘗めながら、因縁に導かれて互いを知り、里見家の下に結集する。
- Born in different places within Kanhasshu (the Eight Provinces of Kanto region), they get to know each other guided by the fate while experiencing hardships, and gather together under the Satomi family.
- しかし戦後1955年に17代預師範加計静堂の没するを以て預師範制度を廃止し、以後は家元が直接指導している。
- However, when the 17th entrusted instructor, Seido KAKEI died in 1955 after the war, the system was abolished, and the head family has been directly teaching the desciples since then.
- その後、明治18年(1885年)には太政官制を廃止し、内閣制を導入し、初代総理大臣には伊藤博文が就任した。
- With the subsequent abolishment of the Dajokan (Great Council of State) system in 1885, the cabinet system was implemented and Hirobumi ITO was installed as the founding Prime Minister of Japan.
- また記念物(史跡・名勝・天然記念物関係)についても従来の指定制度を補完するものとして登録制度が導入された。
- Moreover, the registration system was introduced to monuments (historic sites, scenic spots and natural monuments) in order to complement the conventional designation system.
- 即位の年に清盛の主導で遷都が計画され、福原京福原行幸(現在の神戸市)が行なわれるが、半年ほどで京都に還幸。
- On the year of the enthronement, the capital city was moved to Fukuhara-Kyo (the ancient capital of Fukuhara-kyo) and the Emperor visited the city (currently Kobe City); however, within half a year the capital was transferred back to Kyoto City.
- 10代・威仁親王(1862年-1914年)は元帥・海軍大将となったほか、東宮時代の大正天皇をよく輔導した。
- The tenth successor, Prince Takehito (1862-1914), became a marshal and a full admiral; moreover, he assisted Emperor Taisho when he was still a prince.
- 流派や道場にもよるが、師範代の免許を有することではじめて門下生・後進の指導に参画することができるとされる。
- The license of shihandai enables one to instruct students or younger members; it depends on the school or Dojo.
- この間、幕政は幼少の家継に代わって生母・月光院や側用人の間部詮房、顧問格であった新井白石らが主導している。
- During this period, the shogunate government was led by Ietsugu's real mother Gekkoin, sobayonin (lord chamberlain) Akifusa MANABE, and advisor Hakuseki ARAI, instead of young Ietsugu.
- 幕府の影響力を寺社・朝廷にまで広げて幕府主導による政治運営の強化、国政改革を行おうとしたと考えられている。
- It seems that in reforming national politics he wanted to reinforce the bakufu's controlling power in politics by extending its influence over the religious institutions as well as the court.
- 法然の著書『選択集』では、各章ごとに善導や善導の師である道綽のことばを引用してから自らの見解を述べている。
- In 'Senchaku Shu' authored by Honen, he quoted words by Zendo and Zendo's master, Doshaku (Tao-cho) in each chapter before commenting his own views.
- 諸戦国大名は産出する金銀の品位改善のために灰吹法や砂鉄による鑪生産などといった新技術の導入を積極的に行った。
- In order to improve the quality of produced gold and silver, sengoku daimyo introduced actively new technologies such as cupellation, and production from iron sand using bellows.
- これらの地域では従前の軍制を維持する必要があったため、軍制の軽量化といえる健児制は導入されなかったのである。
- Since these regions required the maintenance of the conventional military system, they didn't introduce the kondei system, which would have meant a scaled down military force to them.
- 諸藩の中にもこれを推奨するところが多く、早くも承応3年(1654年)に保科正之の会津藩がこれを導入している。
- This idea was supported by many domains, and as early as 1654, Masayuki HOSHINA of the Aizu domain introduced this practice.
- なお、1884年の華族令で華族に爵位が導入された際、岩倉具視らを中心に士族の爵位を創設することも検討された。
- In 1884 when a title was introduced to the peerage, Tomomi IWAKURA and others considered establishing a title for the warrior class.
- 荘園公領制の弱体化と惣村の発達に伴い、沙汰人は惣村とのつながりを強めていき、惣村の指導者となることもあった。
- Along with the weakening of shoen koryo sei and the development of the soson, the satanin strengthened the relationship with the soson and sometimes became a leader of the soson.
- 義弥の孫義央が、儀典の指導に関して浅野長矩との間に確執を生じ、元禄赤穂事件に発展したことはよく知られている。
- It is well known that, Yoshinaka, a grandson of Yoshimitsu, caused a discord with Naganori ASANO regarding the guidance of the protocol, and it developed into the Genroku Ako Incident.
- 親幕派で後鳥羽上皇に拘束されていた西園寺公経が内大臣に任じられ、幕府の意向を受けて朝廷を主導することになる。
- Kintsune SAIONJI, who belonged to the faction friendly to the shogunate and whose movements were restricted due to his opposition to the retired Emperor Gotoba's plan, was raised to the position of Minister of the Interior, and as someone who would accept the will of the shogunate, he became the de facto leader of the court.
- ただし、過去の日食を算定した従来の天文学的計算が正しい答えを導いていたかについては近年異論も提出されている。
- However, some people have recently questioned these astronomical calculations.
- 棚田の景観を維持、または、観光地としてのリピーター醸成のためにオーナー制度を導入している地域が多数存在する。
- In many regions, an owner system has been introduced for the purpose of conserving the landscape or fostering repeaters from the standpoint of tourist spots.
- その陣容は、山手に根来衆と雑賀三組を先導役として佐久間信盛・羽柴秀吉・堀秀政・荒木村重・別所長治・別所重宗。
- The army of the mountain side consisted of Nobumori SAKUMA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA, Hidemasa HORI, Murashige ARAKI, Nagaharu BESSHO, Shigemune BESSHO with the spearhead army of Negoro shu and the Saiga three groups.
- いわば「改良たかね錦」であるが、1980年代に同県への美山錦の導入が考えられたときに主たる比較対照となった。
- It might be called an improved 'Takane nishiki,' and it was used as the standard for comparison when Miyama nishiki was introduced into Akita Prefecture in the 1980s.
- また各流派には宗家以外にも江戸期に各地の大名家に仕えて能楽の技術指導を行ってきた由緒ある家柄が存在している。
- Besides Soke, there are families that traditionally provided technical instructions of Nohgaku to Daimyo families (feudal lord families) in each school during the Edo period.
- 乱取り稽古を行わない会派では、養神館合気道や岩間神信合氣修練会が積極的に護身術としての合気道を指導している。
- Among factions that don't practice randori, Yoshinkan aikido and Iwama-shinshin-aikishurenkai (Iwama school) actively teach aikido as an art of self-defense.
- 運搬には丸太を樋の形に組んだスラと呼ばれる誘導路や、木馬(きんま)と呼ばれるソリが使われたと考えられている。
- It is thought that they used a sleigh called Kinma and a guidepath called Sura; logs were placed like a drain in Sura.
- 本土の流派が主導する全空連が指定形から沖縄の形を排除したことに反発して、沖縄は本土と距離を置くようになった。
- Protesting the decision of the JKF, which is led by organizations on the Japanese mainland, to remove Okinawan kata from the authorized kata, Okinawa karate has stayed away from hondo karate.
- プロジェクトが停滞する要所でたびたび登場し、資金援助や暗号キーの解読などによりその後の物語を急展開へと導く。
- He appears from time to time in key points when the project is set back and leads the story to rapid development through his funding and decipherment of an encryption key.
- 史実ではないが、伝説によると、達磨がインドから伝え、嵩山少林寺で指導した心身の修行法が少林拳の起源とされる。
- It is not a historical fact, but according to a legend, the origin of Shaolin kung fu is the mental and physical training method that Dharma brought from India and taught in the Songshan Shaolin Monastery.
- 合戦を勝利に導いたにもかかわらず失脚させられた義経は、西国武士を結集して鎌倉政権に対抗しようとしたのである。
- Yoshitsune, who was forced to lose his position even though he had won the victory in various battles, tried to mobilize the warriors in western Japan to confront the Kamakura Administration.
- 円勢は法勝寺・尊勝寺の仏像群の造立を主導しており、白河法皇への奉仕に対する論功行賞ともいえる強引な人事だった。
- Ensei led the construction of Buddhist statues at the Hossho-ji Temple and the Sonsho-ji Temple, and because of this, the aggressive appointment was processed as if it had been a reward for his service to the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
- 特に東日本では村落の指導的立場を名主と称する習わしが残り、多くの地域で村役人の筆頭が名主(なぬし)と呼ばれた。
- In many eastern regions, the custom of calling village heads myoshu persisted and the chief village officer was called nanushi in many of these regions.
- いっぽう、長州藩の長井雅楽が主導する「航海遠略策」が朝廷・幕府の賛同を得て、公武一和の具体策として急浮上する。
- Meanwhile, a policy that recommended improving Japan's navigational skills to communicate with foreign nations, advocated by Uta NAGAI of Choshu clan, was approved by both the imperial court and the bakufu, and emerged as a tool to unite the court and the shogunate.
- 信長の後ろ盾を得た孫一主導の下、雑賀衆は織田信孝の四国攻めに船百艘を提供するなど、織田氏との関係を強めていく。
- The Saiga shu led by Magoichi who was supported by Nobunaga had strengthened the relationship with the Oda clan, for example, it provided 100 ships for the attack against the Shikoku region by Nobutaka ODA.
- 従って高段位である指導者層の変遷に伴い、時代による射技・射型の流行・廃れが現代弓道の1つの特徴として見られる。
- Thus, with the change taking place in the high dan-i instructor class, the rising and fading popularity of shooting techniques and shooting forms over time is viewed as one of the characteristics of today's Kyudo.
- さらに下って宮城道雄の作品においては、各パートは完全に固定され、西洋音楽のポリフォニーの概念も導入されている。
- As the modern age approached, Michio MIYAGI completely fixed all the parts in his tunes, and into them he introduced the Western concept of polyphony.
- 天正年間(1573~92年)に、堺の薬種商人が渡韓し線香の製法を導入製造したのが、日本最古の線香とされている。
- It is believed that Japanese Senko production was originated by a medicine merchant of Sakai who visited Korea during the Tensho era (1573 - 1592), and introduced the production technique and started production.
- また、会場内での誘導がないため、大きい会場では空席を探して歩き回ったり、暗い会場内で空席を見つけられなかった。
- In the case of large hall, some participants walked around trying to find a vacant seat or could not find a vacant seat within a dark hall because there was no ushers to assist them within the hall.
- 近代科学が日本に導入されるはるか以前から用いられていた、麹と酵母を知りつくした昔の蔵人たちの知恵の賜物である。
- It was the blessing of a skilled worker at a sake brewery from long ago who knew everything about malt and yeast even before modern science entered Japan.
- 一方、大阪・名古屋・福岡の各会場でも観客の要望に応えるかたちで「二人枡」や「三人枡」を新たに導入し初めている。
- On the other hand, following requests from customers, each facility in Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka have begun to introduce 'masuseki for two' and 'masuseki for three.'
- なお、生命科学の分野では、アポトーシスを誘導する遺伝子のひとつに、「Harakiri」の名前が採用されている。
- In the field of life sciences, one of the genes that induce apoptosis is called 'Harakiri'.
- 多くの地方自治体では落ち葉やせん定した枝葉は燃やせるゴミとして排出するか、堆肥化して処分するよう指導している。
- Many local governments instruct people to remove fallen leaves and branches and use them as burnable garbage or to dispose with in composting.
- 後に二代目陶作の頃、小堀遠江守政一(小堀遠州)が朝日焼を庇護、そして指導したため、名を一躍高めることとなった。
- Subsequently, the second generation Tosaku has boosted the reputation of Asahi yaki under the protection and guidance of Totoumi no kami (the Governor of Totoumi Province), Masaichi KOBORI (also known as Enshu KOBORI).
- 飲用は慢性消化器病に効く(飲泉は、医師の指導を受け、飲用の許可がおりている場所で、注意事項を守って行うこと)。
- Drinking of chloride spring water is effective for chronic digestive diseases (drinking should be done according to instructions from a doctor, at the place where drinking is permitted as well as in compliance with the necessary precautions).
- 日中戦争が激化すると食糧増産の要請から鯨肉の持ち帰り制限が緩和され、日本最初の大型冷凍船も導入されるなどした。
- When the Sino-Japanese war became intensified, the amount of whale meat to be brought back to Japan was increased due to the request of increasing the amount of food available, and a large-scaled refrigerator ship was introduced for the first time in Japan.
- 串は魚の形を整える(魚体がうねるように打って「踊り串」などと称する)と共に、伝導熱で中まで火を通す役割がある。
- The roles of skewers include conducting heat inside the fish as well as forming the shape of fish, which is called 'odorigushi' ('odori' is dancing, 'gushi' is a skewer, i.e., literally means 'dancing and a skewer') because the fish looks like waving and dancing.
- そのため、820年頃に太政官首班となった藤原冬嗣は、開発奨励政策を導入することで社会の変化に対応しようとした。
- For that reason, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu who became the leader of the Grand Council of State in around 820 years attempted to respond to a changing society by implementing the incentives for development.
- 京八流は、平安時代末期に源義経を指導したといわれる陰陽師・鬼一法眼の8人の弟子に発すると伝わる(真偽は不明)。
- It is said that Kyo-Hachiryu was founded by eight disciples of Hogen KIICHI, onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) who was said to have instructed MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune during the late Heian period (the truth of this remains to be confirmed).
- その後主導権争いで殿内は暗殺、根岸友山も脱退し、孤立し出奔した家里は、大阪にいたところを芹沢に切腹させられた。
- Afterwards, Tonouchi was assassinated and Yuzan NEGISHI withdrew the group in the internal leadership struggle, and Iesato who left in isolation ran away from the group, but he was forced to commit Seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment) by Serizawa when he was hiding in Osaka.
- 唯一、美濃の侠客水野弥太郎の元を訪れて博徒中心の、民兵300名を軍隊風に指揮指導していたらしいとの記録がある。
- The only existing record is that he visited Yataro MIZUNO, a kyokaku in Mino and commanded 300 militiamen who were mainly bakuto (itinerant gamblers).
- 李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。
- During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders.
- 台湾総督府も糖業の発展のために高い含糖量の蔗種導入を図るとともに、製糖方法の改善を推奨するなどの政策を推進した。
- The Sotoku-fu promoted the development of the sugar industry in Taiwan by introducing sugarcane with high sugar content as well as improving the method of producing sugar.
- 指導的仏師としては、東大寺大仏の責任者:国中連麻呂、興福寺の十大弟子八部衆制作の将軍万福などが記録に残っている。
- Names of leading sculptors of Buddhist statues recorded in history include KUNINAKA no Murajimaro, who was responsible for the construction of the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple, and Manpuku SHOGUN, who produced Judaideshi and Hachibushu (Ten Great Disciples and Eight Guardian Devas) at Manpuku-ji Temple.
- 明治以後、醸造技術及び企業形態の近代化が進む一方で、醤油が生活必需品である事に目をつけた政府が「醤油税」を導入。
- After the Meiji period, the government introduced 'soy-sauce tax' taking advantage of soy-sauce as a necessity of life, whereas modernization of brewing technology and formation of business organizations proceeded.
- 西洋音楽は、その発達の段階で旋法から調性音楽に基づくようになり、純正律に代えて転調に有利な平均律を導入してきた。
- As Western music advanced from the stage at which it was based on musical modes to the stage at which it was based more on tonality, the theory of equal temperament, which was suitable for modulation, was introduced and superceded pure temperament.
- 昭和2年頃、旧磐田郡豊田町(旧井通村)役場の農事監督官、熊谷一郎氏が、昭和の不況対策のため新作物として導入した。
- Around 1926, Ichiro Kumagai, who was an inspector of farming at the town office of Toyoda-cho (the former Idoori Village), in the previous Iwata district, introduced ebi-imo into the area as a new crop to deal with the Showa recession.
- このような状況が、政府主導によって全国規模で酒造りに関する情報を交換し、酒蔵相互の技術の向上を図る必要を生んだ。
- Therefore, the government needed to lead the information exchanging on sake brewing all over the country and to improve the techniques of sake breweries with each other.
- さらに慶応3年12月9日(1868年1月3日)には(討幕派の主導において)王政復古を発し、「新政府樹立」を宣言。
- Furthermore, on January 3, 1868, (it was supported by the opposition force who tried to overthrow the Shogunate) the Restoration of Imperial Rule was issued, and 'the establishment of the new government' was announced.
- 日本の旧暦は、広義にはグレゴリオ暦導入以前の和暦日本で使用された暦・紀元一覧をさすが、狭義にはこの天保暦をさす。
- In a wide sense, Japanese old calendar means all the calendars and eras adopted in Japan before the Gregorian calendar was introduced, but in a narrow sense, it means Tenpo-reki.
- とくに杜氏は人的需要が間に合わず、出張というかたちで各地の酒蔵を転々とし、現地の人材を指導して回ったりしていた。
- In particular, the supply of toji personnel could not catch up with its demand, so toji people had business trips to visit one brewer after another in many locations and gave instruction to local people.
- リースは厳密な実証史学を指導し、いわゆる官学アカデミズムが形成されたが、史料考証を重んじすぎるという憾みがあった。
- Riess taught strict positivism-based history, formed so-called government-led academism, but had the tendency to place too much emphasis on checking historical evidences.
- なお、その後の政権である豊臣政権や江戸幕府が石高制を導入した背景にはこうした経済情勢を背景にしたとも言われている。
- It is also said that, with such an economic situation as a background, the system of Kokudaka (assessed yield; tax system based upon rice, measured by reference to the rated annual yield of the domain) was introduced by the succeeding Toyotomi and Edo bakufu governments.
- この時点の冠は聖徳太子の妃の指導で製作されたといわれる「天寿国繍帳」などを見るに、絹製の帽子のようなものであった。
- According to the 'Tenjukoku Shucho' (embroidery representing Tenjukoku paradise), which is said to have been made under the direction of the wife of Prince Shotoku, Court caps used in those days were something like a silk cap.
- また金融制度でも旧幕府時代の貨幣制度を改めて、通貨単位として「円 (通貨)」を導入(1871年。新貨条例を参照)。
- The financial system was also revised, changing the currency system of the Shogunate period and adopting the 'yen'as the currency unit in 1871 (refer to the article of the 'New Currency Regulation').
- しかし覇者の性格については定説がなく、あらたに台頭した後進地域の指導者あるいは異民族支配者であるとする見方もある。
- However, there is no established view on the nature of Hasha, and according to one theory, Hasha means a local leader or an ethnic ruler.
- これが、オープンリールテープなどの録音機材が導入され、音響効果等が事前に録音したものでまかなえるようになってきた。
- As recording equipment such as open-reel tape were introduced, it became possible to supply sound effects using previously recorded sources.
- この常設の國技舘にも枡席が導入され、しかもその後の相次ぐ失火や関東大震災による焼失と再建の際にもそれを存続させた。
- The Kokugikan not only adopted masuseki but also maintained them through its turbulent history, the stadium being burnt down due to repeated accidental fires, and rebuilt following the Great Kanto Earthquake.
- 隠居しても、当代の法主が出張で不在の場合や体調不良等で代理で法要の導師を務めたり、本尊を書写したりする場合もある。
- The hossu in inkyo may play the role of the incumbent archbishop and work as the head priest at the time of a Buddhist sermon or make a copy of the principal image of the temple when the incumbent is absent because of a trip or illness.
- ハッピーマンデー制度導入前は、1日のみの休みでは交通事情等の理由から故郷での成人式への出席が困難な成人も多かった。
- Before the Happy Monday System was introduced many people had difficulty participating in the one-day ceremony in their hometown due to the traffic.
- 指導者は高齢化の傾向にあったが近年、若手の男性書家がテレビ番組や若者向き雑誌に登場するなど、やや様変わりしてきた。
- The instructors are aging, but they have undergone a great change recently as a young male Shoka appear on TV programs and in magazines for young people.
- 永常はまず田原で稲作の技術改良を行い、特に鯨油によるイネの害虫駆除法の導入は大きな成果につながったといわれている。
- Nagatsune first conducted the technical improvement of rice cultivation in Tahara, and among the measures taken by him the introduction to remove pests from rice fields with whale oil is believed to have brought great success.
- 退官後間もなく、官僚時代に設立を指導していた第一国立銀行(現:みずほ銀行)の頭取に就任し、以後は実業界に身を置く。
- Soon after his retirement, he became the head of the First National Bank (current Mizuho Bank) for which he led the establishment when he was a bureaucrat and then he placed himself in the business world.
- 子規は日本に野球が導入された最初の頃の熱心な選手でもあり、明治22年(1889年)に喀血してやめるまでやっていた。
- Shiki was also an avid baseball player since the game was first introduced in Japan and continued to play until his lung hemorrhage forced him to quit.
- 古代末に発生した武士はその武力で古代を終焉させ、中世社会で主導的役割を果たし、近世で完成された社会体制を築き上げた。
- The bushi who emerged during the late ancient times finished the ancient times by force, played a leading role in medieval society and established the social system in the early-modern times.
- 倭国でも7世紀前半にかけて聖徳太子と蘇我氏により遣隋使派遣・冠位十二階制定・十七条憲法導入などの国政改革が行われた。
- In Wa as well, Prince Shotoku and the Soga clan reformed national politics by sending Japanese envoys to Sui Dynasty China, establishing Kani junikai (twelve grades of cap rank) and introducing a Seventeen-Article Constitution.
- その対策に苦慮して、後に分一銭を導入して債権額の1/10(後に1/5)を幕府に納入することを徳政令適用の条件とした。
- The bakufu struggled with the situation, later introduced the buichi-sen tax system, and made it a condition of Tokuseirei that one-tenth (later, one-fifth) of the debt amount should be paid to the bakufu.
- 一方、政務決裁には事実上のトップである執権、その補佐である連署、合議機関である評定衆を置く集団指導体制を成立させる。
- At the same time, a collective leadership system for making policy decisions was established that was made up of the regent (who was effectively the leader), rensho (who acted as assistants to the regent), and the Hyojoshu (which acted as a consultative body).
- 武士は発生当初から血縁的要素よりも地縁的要素の強い集団であったが、この乱は日本を一層の地縁社会へと導くことになった。
- Since their start, bushi had stronger ties with their regions than blood relatives, and this rebellion led to the strengthening of regional ties within society in Japan.
- キリスト教の指導者の総数140人は、萩市(66人)、津和野市(28人)、福山市(20人)に分けて強制的に移住させた。
- 140 Christian leaders were forced to move to Hagi-city (66 people), Tsuwano-city (28 people), and Fukuyama-city (20 people).
- また一部都市では、錯綜する土地権利ゆえ賦課者が確定できず、地子に代わる新しい都市税制を導入したとみられる場所もある。
- In some cities, the rights on land were so complicated that it was impossible to determine who should bear the burden, and instead, a new tax system of the city seems to have been introduced.
- 通常弟子が師匠から免許や指南免許等を得た時点で、独自に門弟を指導し、免許を発行する権利も与えられるのが普通であった。
- At that time, when a disciple received from his or her master a license to teach, the disciple automatically received a privilege to issue his or her own license.
- このため、苦肉の策として大豆の加水分解液を醤油に利用する方法が導入され、戦後しばらくの間はこうした醤油造りが続いた。
- For this reason, the method to use a hydrolyzed solution of soybeans for soy-sauce was introduced as a desperate measure, and production of soy-sauce using this method continued for a while after World War II.
- 彼は、数値的に微小な差分をとった時の主要項と、関の定義による導多項式が一致していることには気がついていたようである。
- He was probably aware of the fact that the principal term derived from the numerically miniscule difference and the derivative of polynomial equation defined by Seki was a same thing.
- 昭和に入ると、外資系レコード会社が日本に製造会社を作り、電気吹込みという新録音システムも導入され新しい時代を迎えた。
- A new age dawned in the Showa period when foreign record companies established production companies in Japan and a new recording system called electric recording was introduced.
- 保元の乱が終結すると藤原信西は国政改革に取り組み、保元2年(1157年)10月、信西の主導により大内裏が再建された。
- After the Hogen no ran War (turmoil of the Hogen war) was concluded, FUJIWARA no Shinzei worked on national administrative reform and the Dai-dairi (place of the Imperial Palace and government offices) was reconstructed under Shinzei's leadership in October of 1157.
- 日本では、飛鳥時代に令(または律令)を制定する際、唐の制度を参考としたため、唐と同様に口分田が導入されたと考えられる。
- It is considered that, in Japan, kubunden was introduced as it was in Tang, because the system in Tang was used as a reference in establishing the ryo (or ritsuryo) code in the Asuka period.
- 更に晴雄は西洋のグレゴリオ暦の導入の動きを察して、太陽暦を排して従来の太陰太陽暦の維持を図るために明治改暦を提唱した。
- Furthermore, Haruo smelled a trend to implement the Western Gregorian calendar, and suggested Meiji kaireki (changing of calendar in the Meiji period) in order to maintain the lunar-solar calendar instead of introducing the solar calendar.
- つまりこの時期の朝廷は、二条摂政や久邇宮朝彦親王(中川宮、維新後久邇宮)ら親徳川派上級公家によってなお主導されていた。
- That is, the Imperial Court at that time was still led by pro-Tokugawa upper-graded court nobles such as regent Nijo and the Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko (also called Nakagawa no Miya; after Meiji Restoration, he was known as Kuni no Miya).
- さらに、富木謙治が合気道に起倒流の要素を加え、乱取りを導入した独自の合気道(日本合気道協会とも呼ばれる)を編み出した。
- In addition, Kenji TOMIKI added a factor of Kito-ryu jujutsu to aikido, and devised the unique aikido in which randori was introduced; he was the founder of the Japan Aikido Association.
- そして浄土真宗の開祖とされる親鸞は、「善導独明仏正意」(善導、独り仏の正意を明かす)と、『正信念仏偈』の中で讃歎した。
- And Shinran, who is believed to be the founder of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), praised the book by stating that 'Zendodokumyobutsushoi (Shandao was the only one who clarified the message of Buddha)' in 'Shoshin Nembutsuge'.
- また張之洞は康有為の学説に反対して『勧学篇』を著し、西学を導入しつつ体制教学としての儒教の形を守ることを主張している。
- Additionally, Cho Shido opposed the theory of Ko Yui (Kang Youwei) and wrote 'Kangakuhen,' preaching to maintain the form of Ju-kyo as the system teaching and learning while adopting Western culture.
- 明治時代には岡倉天心の指導を受けた日本美術院系統の画家によって多くの古い仏画の模写が行われ、また新しい仏画が描かれた。
- In the Meiji period many old Buddha paintings were reproduced by painters of the Nihon Bijitsuin (The Japan Art Institute) under the direction of Tenshin OKAKURA and also new Buddhist paintings were made.
- 禅僧が修行を終えた弟子に自分の肖像画(頂相)に画讃をいれて、弟子に与える習慣が、鎌倉時代以降、禅宗とともに導入された。
- The practice of a Zen monk giving his portrait (or called Chinzo) with gasan to his disciple after he had completed ascetic training was introduced together with the Zen sect after the Kamakura period.
- また、特定の教会には属さず、自宅で聖書とのみ対峙する、「無教会運動」(指導者として内村鑑三や南原繁などが有名)がある。
- There is also a 'Non-church movement' to advocate facing the Bible alone at home without belonging to any specific church (famous leaders include Kanzo UCHIMURA and Shigeru NANBARA).
- 例外として、熱伝導性の低いガラス繊維等を利用したものではこの心配はなく、着火部位が蚊遣器本体に接触しても消火されない。
- As an exception, kayariki using glass fiber with low heat conductivity would not cause such trouble to a repellent stick even if the ignited part is in contact with the main unit of the kayariki.
- 日本の義務教育では、国語科の書写として小学3年生以上の授業では毛筆により指導されることが学習指導要領で定められている。
- Compulsory education in Japan defined by the Education Ministry guidelines is to instruct Shodo by brush in lessons for the third grade or more of elementary school as Shosha (copy of calligraphy) of the Japanese language subject.
- この事態を受けて、慶喜との政治的妥協の可能性を最終的に断念した久光の決断により、薩摩藩指導部は武力倒幕路線を確定する。
- As a result, Hisamitsu finally gave up having a chance to compromise with Yoshinobu politically, and the leading group in the Satsuma domain decided to overthrow the Shogunate with military power.
- 17世紀に松方和泉守が15歳で主命を受けて長崎に鉄砲製造の術を研究に行って以来、鉄砲製造を監督指導して禄を食んできた。
- Since after Izuminokami MATSUKATA at the age of 15 went to Nagasaki to learn the manufacturing of guns at the behest of the lord in the 17th century, the family had gotten salaries by supervising the gun manufacturing.
- そして、安政4年6月17日(旧暦)(1857年8月6日)に正弘が死去すると、その後は老中・堀田正睦によって主導された。
- After Masahiro died on August 6th, 1857, Masayoshi HOTTA, a roju, took the leadership.
- また1907年、日本初の外資(イギリス資本)導入といわれる日本製鋼所を設立、北海道の炭礦鉄道事業に多大な業績を残した。
- Moreover, in 1907 he established the Japan Steel Corporation--said to be the first Japanese company to accept foreign (British) capital--and contributed greatly to the colliery and railway industries in Hokkaido.
- 一億総懺悔論に見られる東久邇宮の考え方は、過去の政治指導者こそが責任を負うべきとの重光外相の考え方とは対照的であった。
- The logic of Higashikuninomiya shown in 'A national confession of Japanese war guilt' was in contrast to that of Foreign Minister Shigemitsu who insisted that past political leaders were exactly the persons who should take responsibility.
- この使船は実際は宗氏が運用していたものであり、こうした事などから三浦の乱は宗氏主導で計画的に起こされたと考えられている。
- This envoy ship was operated by the So clan in fact, and considering these facts, it is thought that the Sanpo War was intentionally provoked by the So clan.
- 解由状の制度の導入時期は明確でないが、天平5年(733年)4月5日、解由制を奨励する詔が発令されている(『続日本紀』)。
- Although it was not clear when the geyujo system was introduced, a mikotonori (imperial edict) for promoting the geyujo system was issued on May 26, 733 (according to 'Shoku Nihongi' - Chronicle of Japan continued).
- 翌1354年、4月には主導的人物であった北畠親房が死去、10月に後村上天皇は賀名生から河内金剛寺 (河内長野市)へ移る。
- The next year in April 1354, Chikahusa KITABATAKE, who was a core person, died and Emperor Gomurakami transferred from Ano to Kongo-ji Temple in Kawachi Province (Kawachinagano City) in October.
- また、一国平均役の導入や荘園整理令の対象地の確定を巡って不輸と認定された田地においても国衙の介入が行われるようになった。
- In addition, in odder to introduce Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and provincial land in a province) as well as to decide on target lands for Manor Regulation Acts, the kokuga began to intervene into rice fields that were recognized to have fuyu no ken.
- 昭和28年(1958年)の中学学習指導要領で、相撲、剣道、柔道剣道、柔道などの武道が格技という名称で正課授業が行われた。
- Under the Education Ministry guidelines for junior high schools in 1958, budo such as sumo, kendo, judo-kendo, judo and so on, which were called 'kakugi' (combat sports), were taught as formal lessons.
- しかし飛鳥時代以降、律令制の導入により、衣料も大陸伝来の物が正統とされるようになっていき、束帯に位置を取って代わられた。
- However, clothing introduced from the continent became formal with the introduction of the political system based on the ritsuryo codes after the Asuka period, and were replaced by sokutai (formal male court clothing).
- 千利休の弟子であった大名茶人、古田織部の指導で創始され、織部好みの奇抜で斬新な形や文様の茶器などを多く産したことによる。
- It was named after Oribe FURUTA, who was a daimyo (feudal lord) and master of the tea ceremony and had been a disciple of SEN no Rikyu, because Oribe ware was born under his direction and many chaki (tea utensils) of eccentric, novel shapes and patterns according to Oribe's taste (Oribe-Gonomi) were produced.
- ただ実際は現代と違い全国的な組織を作ることが困難であり、江戸で学んだ者が特に指導許可を得ずに故郷で指導した例も見られた。
- However, in fact unlike today it was difficult to build a nationwide organization, and several cases could be found in which someone that learned in Edo instructed in his hometown without getting permission to instruct.
- 優秀な藩士の登用と士気向上のため、B16を導入し、家格よりも役職を反映した俸禄形式とし、合わせて支出の引き締めを図った。
- He introduced the merit system, in which the stipend was determined based on the rank of one's role instead of the status of family, in order to promote the employment of excellent people and improve the retainers' morale; he also took measures to reduce the expenditures of the domain.
- 馬子はこれを師として、司馬達等の娘の嶋を得度させて尼とし善信尼となし、更に善信尼を導師として禅蔵尼、恵善尼を得度させた。
- Umako asked this Buddhist monk to teach Buddhism to Datto SHIBA's daughter, Shima, so as to make her a Buddhist nun and to give her a Buddhist name Zenshin-ni, and Umako then asked Zenshin-ni to teach two other women and give them the Buddhist names of Zenzo-ni and Ezen-ni.
- その後、後冷泉のみならず、父が全盛を築いた摂関政治を終焉に導く事となった後三条天皇と、二人の孫にまで先立たれてしまった。
- She outlived two of her grandchildren, Goreizei and Emperor Gosanjo, who contributed to the demise of the Regent system built up by her father.
- オランダ人農学者のダニエル・ホイブレイクの指導を受け、帰国後の74年5月に口述記録をまとめて『農業三事』として出版した。
- He was taught by a Dutch agriculturist Daniel HOOIBRENK, and on May of 1874, following his return to Japan, he published a compilation of HOOIBRENK's dictations in 'Nogyo Sanji' (three farming methods).
- そうなると名主の地位は相対的に低下することとなったが、名主は惣村・郷村の中で指導的な立場(乙名など)を務めるようになった。
- As a result, the relative status of myoshu declined, causing myoshu farmers to assume roles as leaders (with such titles as otona) in these village communities.
- 『山城国風土記』逸文では、賀茂県主の祖の賀茂建角身命は神武天皇の先導をした後、大和の葛城を通って山城国へ至ったとしている。
- A surviving fragment of 'Yamashirokoku-fudoki' (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) states that KAMO taketsunumi no mikoto, the ancestor of KAMO no agatanushi, passed through Katsuragi in Yamato on his way to Yamashiro Province after guiding the Emperor Jinmu.
- 上記が大まかであるのに対して、もっと生活に密着した地域単位として、明治時代に導入された小学校区による地域名もよく使われる。
- Listed above are the general classifications of the area names, but at the same time the area names from the elementary-school districts established in the Meiji period are also widely used.
- その後の清洲会議で羽柴秀吉が織田氏の主導権を握ると、亀山城は信長の四男で秀吉の養子となっていた羽柴秀勝(於次)が入城する。
- In the subsequent Kiyosu Meeting, Hideyoshi HASHIBA seized power from the Oda clan, and Hidekatsu HASHIBA (Otsugi), Nobunaga's fourth son who had been adopted by Hideyoshi, then entered the Kameyama-jo Castle.
- その結果、人口の多数を占める全人衆の多数が組織していた堅田門徒の発言力が高まり、堅田衆の指導的地位を獲得するようになった。
- As a result, Katata-monto, organized by many Zenjin-shu, majority in Katata, enhanced their power and took the leadership position in Katata-shu.
- また、豊臣政権末期の五大老制は有力大名による集団指導体制であり、外様大名である徳川家康の政権簒奪を防ぐことができなかった。
- The Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) system at the end of the Toyotomi government was a collective leadership system by powerful daimyo, however they were unable to prevent Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, a tozama daimyo, from usurping power.
- 低アレルゲン化卵が実用化されれば、アレルギーの寛解を導く食品として卵かけご飯を利用するようになる可能性はあるかもしれない。
- If hypoallergenic eggs are turned into practical use, tamago kake gohan might be used as a food that remits the allergy.
- 酒蔵は、使用する水を事前にそれぞれの都道府県の醸造試験所、食品試験所、酒造指導機関などに送って監査を受けなくてはならない。
- Sake breweries are required to submit water used for brewing to the brewing laboratory, food laboratory, brewing guidance institute, etc., in the prefecture for examination in advance.
- 明治になると微生物学の導入によって有用な種菌の分離と養育が行われ、それが配布されることによって品質の安定と向上が図られた。
- During the Meiji period, through the introduction of microbiology, selection and breeding of useful seed bacteria and thanks to distribution of such seed bacteria, the stabilization of and improvement in quality could be realized.
- なお、蔵元のなかには西洋のワインにおけるヴィンテージという考え方を導入し、ラベルに酒の製造年度を明記しているところもある。
- Some sake breweries have introduced the concept of vintage for wine in the West to sake, and display the year of production of sake on the label.
- 礼服(らいふく)とは、唐の律令を参考に日本の朝廷に導入された、五位以上の貴族が正月の朝賀や代始の即位式に用いた正装のこと。
- Raifuku refers to formal clothes which were used by nobles of the Fifth Rank and higher, and worn at the New Year's court ceremony and new emperor's enthronement ceremony; it was introduced into the Japanese court and modeled after Chinese law.
- 明治政府が徴兵制度を導入したのは、義務教育と並び、国民の生活様式や言語を標準化させて富国強兵策を遂行する目的を担っていた。
- The conscription system that was introduced by the Meiji government involved an aim, along with the compulsory education, to standardizethe lifestyle and the language of the nation to make the country rich and strong.
- その後、陸軍省内の主導権が山田等大村派から山県有朋らに引き継がれた後、明治6年(1873年)に徴兵令として続くこととなる。
- After leadership of the Military Ministry passed from Yamada's group to Aritomo YAMAGATA's group, conscription was reintroduced in 1873.
- 黒田内閣は、大隈重信が主導した不平等条約改正交渉の失敗によって大隈が襲撃され、翌明治22年 (1889年)10月に倒れた。
- The Kuroda Cabinet collapsed in October 1889, after the negotiations to revise unequal treaty initiated by Shigenobu OKUMA resulted in failure and Okuma was assaulted.
- 嵯峨治世初期は、太政官筆頭だった藤原園人の主導のもと、百姓撫民(貧民救済)そして権門(有力貴族・寺社)抑制の政策がとられた。
- At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Saga, FUJIWARA no Sonohito, the head council of state, lead a policy to rescue farmers (relief of the poor) and control power (influential aristocracy, temples and shrines).
- 江戸時代は代々徳川将軍家の衣装調達や衣文道の指導にも当たり、江戸滞在の折には各大名家で有職故実や衣文道の知識を広めていった。
- During the Edo period, the family supplied costumes and instructed the Tokugawa shogunate in Emondo for generations, and, when staying in Edo, worked to spread the knowledge of Emondo and other court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette among the feudal lords.
- 律令法の基本思想は、母法と同じく、儒家と法家の思想であったが、ことに儒家の思想は、日本の律令法でも指導的な意義をもっていた。
- Similarly to its mother law, the basic thought of ritsuryo law was Confucianist and legalist, and Confucianism in particular was significant as a leading strand of thought in Japanese ritsuryo law as well.
- 上賀茂神社の祭神である賀茂別雷命の祖父にあたる賀茂武角身命が、神武天皇の東征のときにヤタガラスとなって導いたことに由来する。
- It originates that Kamotaketsunomi no mikoto, who was a grandfather of Kamowakeikazuchi no mikoto enshrined in Kamigamo-jinja Shrine, transformed into a sacred crow to lead Emperor Jinmu on a campaign of his great Eastern Expedition.
- 例えば、『政事要略』の年中行事篇は、本書をそのまま導入し、新たに増補した部分の国史の引用については『類聚国史』を用いている。
- For example, this document was used, as it was, in the annual event part of 'Seiji Yoryaku' and citations about national history in the augmented portion was made from 'Ruiju Kokushi' (a national history compiled by SUGAWARA no Michizane).
- その一方で、三味線はその音楽がますます発展し、次々と新しい形式が生み出され、後期にかけて日本音楽の主導権を握る楽器となった。
- Meanwhile, shamisen music continued to develop and new styles were introduced one after another, so it took the lead among Japanese musical instruments until the later Edo period.
- まず明暦3年(1657年)、初めて酒株(酒造株)制度を導入し、酒株を持っていなければ酒が造れないように醸造業を免許制にした。
- At first, it introduced the system of sakekabu (an official certificate of sake brewing) for the first time in 1657, which was a licensing system for the sake brewing industry as anyone who did not have sakekabu could not brew sake.
- これに対して蓮悟や蓮慶は蓮如・実如が定めた一門衆の指導への服従を定めた規則に反するとして超勝寺の討伐のための一揆を起こした。
- In response, Rengo and Renkei staged a revolt to put down the Chosho-ji Temple, insisting that this was against the rules on the clansmen's conformity to the teachings established by Rennyo and Jitsunyo.
- 自ら証拠の密書の断片を手に入れていた勝元は、署名に施した小細工をきっかけにさわやかな弁舌で弾正を追及し、外記方を勝利に導く。
- Katsumoto himself has obtained a part of evidence of secret letter that contains a cheap trick made to signatures, and using it as a trigger, he grills Danjo briskly and leads the Gekizaemon's side to victory.
- その中でも世代を越えて連綿と継承されていく伝承性とその分野における指導的な地位・存在を保持し続ける権威性は特に重んじられた。
- Especially, the tradition inherited from generation to generation and the authority to keep the status and presence as the leader in the field were considered very important.
- 天安 (日本)2年(858年)からの4年間は改暦の準備として五紀暦と併用されたが、貞観4年(862年)に宣明暦が導入された。
- During the four years from 858, Taienreki was concurrently used with the Gokireki calendar for the preparation for a calendar reform, and the Senmyoreki calendar was introduced in 862.
- この講和交渉の主導者だった行長は秀吉の強い怒りを買い死を命じられるが、承兌や前田利家、淀殿らのとりなしにより一命を救われる。
- Yukinaga who led this peace negotiation provoked the outrage of Hideyoshi and was ordered to die, but escaped death through the mediation of Jotai, Toshiie MAEDA and Yodo-dono.
- 秋田師範学校卒業後、1885年綴子(つづれこ)小学校の主席訓導(実質的には校長)を勤めた後、1887年(明治20年)に上京。
- After graduating from Akita Normal School, Konan started working as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) of Tsuzureko Elementary School in 1885, and came up to the capital, Tokyo in 1887.
- 幕府としても酒株運上金の導入(うんじょうきん)、冥加金(みょうがきん)など、何かと口実をつけて酒屋からの献金に財源を期待した。
- The bakufu expected contribution from sakaya using the names, for example, of business tax on sakekabu (an official certificate of sake brewing) or myogakin (tax for certifying business right).
- 一方、日本では隋の制度を基にして大化の改新の際に導入され、大宝律令賦役令にて定められ親王を除く全人民がその貧富に応じて納めた。
- In Japan, this system was implemented in the Taika Reforms based on the system in the Sui Dynasty and set forth in Fuyaku ryo (tax structure) of Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), and all people excluding Imperial princes made contributions according to their levels of wealth.
- 更に今日では、鎌倉幕府末期の後醍醐天皇が主導した鎌倉幕府倒幕の動き(正中の変・元弘の変)のことも「倒幕運動」と呼ぶこともある。
- Nowadays, the movements led by Emperor Godaigo at the end of the Kamakura period, as intended to overthrow Kamakura Bakufu (the Shochu Incident or the Genko Incident), are also sometimes referred to as the Tobaku movement.
- このように日本では本来の設置意義と違って朱子学を奉じた支配階層主導による設置も多く行われ、支配階層による義倉との混同が進んだ。
- Unlikely to the initial purpose of the establishment of Shaso, many Shaso warehouses were constructed at the initiative of the dominant class of people who were embracing the doctrines of Zhu Xi (Neo-Confucianism) in Japan and therefore, the mixture with giso warehouses constructed by the dominant class of people was spread.
- この時代には各国が諸子百家と呼ばれる思想家たちから人材を登用し、騎馬戦術やチャリオットなどの新兵器を導入して軍事改革を行った。
- In this period each country appointed thinkers called Shoshi-hyakka (general term of scholars and schools in China), and they introduced new weapons, such as Cavalry Operations and chariots, and conducted military reforms.
- 連合国軍最高司令官総司令部が醤油の重要性を理解せず、大豆を酸で加水分解した方が効率良く製造できるとの指導を行ったとも言われる。
- It is said that the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers did not understand the importance of soy-sauce, and instructed soybeans to be hydrolyzed for efficient production of soy-sauce.
- 明治時代以降は、美術界を主導するアーネスト・フェノロサや岡倉天心から低く評価され、富岡鉄斎以外めぼしい画家が生まれず衰退した。
- From the Meiji period, Bunjinga declined as Ernest FENOLLOSA and Tenshin OKAKURA who were leading the world of fine art had low opinions, and no remarkable painters besides Tessai TOMIOKA grew out.
- この年、政治的に対立関係にあった実力者・九条道家が失脚した事もあって、以後上皇の主導によって朝廷内の政務が行われる事になった。
- After his opposition, who was a powerful politician, Michiie KUJO lost his position, the retired Emperor took control of the politics inside the Imperial Palace.
- 現在では古来のままの伝授形式を墨守している流派は少なくなり、現代武道的な段位制度や集団指導方法を取り入れている流派も存在する。
- Nowadays, very few schools adhere to the time-honored initiation form, and there exist some schools that have adopted the dan grading system or the group-class lesson method like gendai budo.
- 導師の雲居禅師も、愛姫について「家庭をよく治め、慈愛深く聡明な奥方であられました」と、愛姫の人柄について語る言葉を残している。
- Ungo Zenji, a doshi (ceremony leader), left the word about Aihime which tells her character, saying 'she managed a household very well and was a merciful wise wife.'
- 佐々木高行と下田歌子主導の皇女教育の方針に異議のあった明治天皇・昭憲皇太后夫妻の意思で、敬三がその牽制役を担ったこともあった。
- Emperor Meiji and his wife the Empress Shoken were opposed to the educational policies championed by Takayuki SASAKI and Utako SHIMODA over how to educate imperial princes and princesses, and in accordance with their wishes, Keizo worked to obstruct Sasaki and Shimoda's policies.
- 『吾妻鏡』によると、この時、景時は頼朝の山中の在所を知るも情をもってこの山には人跡なしと報じて、景親らを別の山へ導いたという。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), although Kagetoki knew where Yoritomo was on the mountain, taking pity on Yoritomo he led Kagechika and others to a different mountain reporting that there was no human tracks there.
- 蜂子皇子はこの後、海岸から三本足の烏(ヤタガラスか?)に導かれて、羽黒山に登り羽黒権現を獲得し、出羽三山を開いたと言われている。
- After this, Prince Hachiko is said to have climbed the Hagurosan Mountain and acquired the Haguro Gongen deity guided from the seaside by a three legged bird (perhaps a sacred crow), and founded the Dewa Sanzan (three mountains of Dewa).
- さらに西欧の近代鉱山技術を導入した結果、足尾銅山は日本最大の鉱山となり、年間生産量数千トンをかぞえる東アジア一の銅の産地となる。
- As a result of the introduction of Western modern mining technology, Ashio copper mine became Japan's largest copper producer and became the largest in East Asia which produced thousands of tons annually.
- 度を過ぎた花火の使用をした場合、各船の花火取扱者(事前に精霊流しの花火についての講習を受けた者)に警察から指導が行く場合がある。
- If any members of a shorobune group went overboard in using fireworks, the police may call on a person (who has been trained on how to use fireworks at Shoronagashi beforehand) in charge of fireworks of the group to warn him or her.
- ただし、居合道などの武道によっては、正座の状態から膝を立てる際に遅延が生じるといった理由で、親指は重ねないように指導をしている。
- Some martial arts, such as iaido, prescribe not overlapping the toes because it will delay the movement of raising a knee from sitting in seiza style.
- 日本酒の歴史江戸時代前期の刊行にかかわらず、同書は江戸時代全般を通じて質・量ともに最高の内容を誇ると定評のある酒造指導書である。
- In the history of Japanese sake, this book had been an established directory containing the best contents concerning the brew of sake, from the view point of both quantity and quality throughout the Edo Period, despite it was published in the early Edo Period.
- これは、権力が分散した状態では直ちに旗幟を明確にしにくい(立ち回りが遅い)という集団指導体制の弱点をさらけ出した結果でもあった。
- This was one of the consequences of the weakness of a collective leadership that had difficulty in taking decisive action (or was too slow to respond) due to its decentralized power structure.
- また、当時知られ始めた能楽についても高い関心を示し、1483年(文明15年)に猿楽座宝生が大内館で興行・指導を行った記録がある。
- Moreover, he was highly interested in Noh, which in those days was just becoming known, and there are written records that Hosei of the Sarugaku Troupe gave performances and taught at the Ouchi manor.
- 明治天皇は、陰険な山縣よりも、明朗快活で冷静であった伊藤博文や日露戦争を指導した桂太郎、幼馴染であった西園寺公望を信頼していた。
- Emperor Meiji trusted Hiroumi ITO, who was bright, cheerful and calm; Taro KATSURA, who led the Russo-Japanese War; and Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was his childhood friend more than Yamagata, who was disingenuous.
- 1493年(明応3)には細川政元らにより10代将軍足利義稙を廃立する明応の政変で11代将軍足利義澄を擁立し、自身が幕政を主導する。
- In 1493, the tenth Ashikaga Shogun, Yoshitane, was deposed by Masamoto HOSOKAWA and allies and replaced by the eleventh Ashikaga Shogun, Yoshizumi, while Masamoto himself assumed de facto leadership of the shogunate.
- 当時、欧米列強の支配下にあり、後に独立した国々の指導者達の回顧録に下記のような、植民地時代における感慨の記録が数多く見受けられる。
- Many of the memoirs written by the leaders of countries formerly colonized by western countries refer to the Russo-Japanese War with great excitement.
- この時期、偽の王城大臣使が朝鮮に通交しており、義政の申し入れは偽使抑制を願う朝鮮王朝の思惑と一致し、牙符制が導入されることになる。
- Since the pseudo Ojo-daijin envoy had interaction with Korea during this period, the Yoshimasa's proposal matched the intention of the Yi Dynasty that wanted to subdue the pseudo envoys, Gafusei was to be introduced.
- 更に中世に入ると、名田の成立や国衙や荘園領主による環境整備を伴った「浪人」導入よって荒田に対する積極的な開墾が見られるようになる。
- Furthermore, in the middle ages, the establishment of Myoden (rice field lots with a nominal holder) and the introduction of 'ronin' accompanying environmental improvement by kokuga (provincial government offices) and shoen landholders led to active development of Koden.
- 1875年(明治8年)、木戸孝允の主導により出された立憲政体の詔書で「誓文の意を拡充して...漸次に国家立憲の政体を立て」と宣言。
- In 1875, it was declared in Rikkenseitai no Shosho (An imperial edict for the establishment of the constitutional system of government) issued on the initiative of Takayoshi KIDO, 'expand the main idea of Charter Oath…gradually establish constitutional state.'
- 藩内改革派と保守派が藩政の主導権を争っていた長州藩では、5月、馬関海峡を航行中の外国船を自藩製の大砲で攻撃して「攘夷」を決行した。
- Choshu Domain, where reformists and conservatives were in a power struggle, carried out the exclusionist policy, bombarding a foreign vessel sailing through the Bakan Straits with home-manufactured cannons in May 1863.
- 7世紀後半に日本に導入された律令制は、中国のそれに倣って、国民を良民と賤民とに大別する良賤制を採用した(良賤の法、645年制定)。
- The Ritsuryo system, brought in Japan during the latter half of the seventh century, adopted the Ryosen system which largely divided the people into the Ryomin (lit. good people) and the Senmin (the lowly persons) after a model from China (the Law of Ryosen, enacted in 645).
- 戦後になって14代淡々斎碩叟が茶道の学校教育への導入を働きかけた結果、学校のクラブ活動で教えられる茶道の大半は裏千家となっている。
- After World War II, Sekiso TANTANSAI, the fourteenth head of the Urasenke school worked on introducing a tea ceremony course into school education curriculums, which led to making Urasenke's method dominant at all school club activities concerning tea ceremony.
- 小笠原流礼法は幕府公式礼法の「お止め流」とされ将軍家にしか指導されず、流儀も次期宗家一人にしかその奥義を伝えられることはなかった。
- The Ogasawara school of manners was declared 'Otome-ryu' and was only allowed to teach the shogun's family, and the secrets of the style were passed down to one person only.
- 直義の饗応役に塩冶判官と桃井若狭介が任ぜられ、その指導を高家高師直が受持つ関係上、三人も直義に従って八幡に詣で、御前に控えている。
- As Enya Hangan and Wakasanosuke MOMONOI are appointed to kyooyaku (person in charge of entertainment) and Moronao KO is in charge of instructing them, these three men also visit Hachiman-gu shrine together with Naoyoshi, and the three men wait behind him.
- 1278年(弘安元年)以降の熱原法難に際しては、日興の指導の下で鎌倉幕府の宗教弾圧に抵抗し、信徒の保護と支援のために尽力奔走した。
- At the Atsuhara Persecution of Nichiren in 1278, he followed Nikko who resisted the religious persecution by the Kamakura bakufu, making great efforts to protect and support the believers.
- だが、1881年(明治14年)の刑法導入によって、古代以来の中国法系の刑事法制は幕を閉じ、西洋法系の刑事法制に転換される事になった。
- However, with the introduction of criminal law in 1881, the criminal legal system under the Chinese system of law since ancient times ended and shifted over to the criminal legal system under the Western system of law.
- 山城国葛野を本拠とし代々賀茂神社に奉斎した賀茂県主(かものあがたぬし)は、八咫烏に化身して神武天皇を導いた賀茂建角身命を始祖とする。
- KAMO no agatanushi, the territorial rulers of Kamo, who were based in Kadono in Yamashiro Province and dedicated themselves to Kamo-jinja Shrine for generations are reputed to be descended from KAMO taketsunumi no mikoto (a Japanese mythological god) who transformed into Yatagarasu (a mythological giant crow) and guided the Emperor Jinmu.
- 文久2年4月23日_(旧暦)(1862年5月29日)に薩摩藩尊皇派が薩摩藩藩主の父で事実上の指導者・島津久光によって粛清された事件。
- In this incident the royalist faction in the Satsuma domain was purged by Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the father of the lord in the Satsuma domain, and the de facto ruler, on May 29, 1862.
- しかし1938年(昭和13)年になり、ドイツのクルップ社から貧鉱処理に適した技術として「クルップ・レン法」が導入されることになった。
- In 1938, 'the Krupp-Renn process' was introduced from Krupp, a German company, as a suitable technology for the treatment of poor ore.
- なお、当日、日本軍連合艦隊には、4名のイギリス観戦武官が同船しており、元来イギリスの戦法であるT字戦法に関しての補佐・指導を行った。
- Four British military officers were on board ships in the Combined Fleet of the Japanese Navy, and assisted and instructed on the Crossing the T tactics which was originally a British tactic.
- また、地方では新政府の方針に従い県庁主導で従来の生活文化や民俗風習の排除が行われ、文明開化政策の影響で縮小や途絶した民俗風習も多い。
- Yet still, the Prefectural offices in local regions led the exclusion of a traditional culture and customs upon the policy of the new Meiji government, therefore there are many traditions and customs curtailed and vanished under the civilization process.
- 江戸時代には宝生座の座付とされたらしいが、江戸初期の家元威徳五左衛門は父が早く亡くなったため、同座の小鼓方幸五郎久能に指導を仰いだ。
- Although it is said they played exclusively for the Hosho school during the Edo period, Gozaemon ITOKU, who was the head of this school of the early Edo period, lost his father when he was still young and he learned drum play from a kotsuzumi (small hand drum) player of the Hosho school named Gorohisayoshi KO.
- また、金属の特徴の一つでもある熱伝導率が高いことが、いわゆる「熱しやすく冷めやすい」という鉄の特徴を、捉えた比喩としても用いられた。
- It was also used as a metaphor that captured a characteristic of iron, 'easily heated but cools down just as easily,' because high thermal conductivity is one of the characteristics of metals.
- 紀元前45年、ユリウス・カエサルがユリウス暦(閏年が無い)を導入、1 January がグレゴリオ暦同様、正月(新年初日)になった。
- In B.C. 45, Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar (which had no intercalary year) and, similar to the Gregorian calendar, January 1st became New Year's Day (the first day of the new year).
- だが、以後幕末まで五軒家と禁裏能楽御用の片山九郎右衛門家が京都の観世流を主導し、いわゆる「京観世」と呼ばれる一派を成すことになった。
- However, later on until the end of the Edo Period the Gokenya and the family of Kuroemon KATAYAMA who served as the Noh players in the Imperial Palace led Kanze school in Kyoto, and formed a school called 'Kyokanze' (the Kanze school in Kyoto).
- 明治時代に入ると、西洋数学が本格的に導入される(「和算」という語は西洋数学を表す「洋算」に対する日本数学の名で、この頃生まれた。)。
- During the Meiji period, western mathematics were introduced on a full scale (The word 'wasan,' meaning Japanese mathematics, was coined around this time as a term that counters 'yosan,' or western mathematics).
- 1911年に菱田が36歳で夭折すると大観は大いに嘆き、菱田春草追悼展の開催を主導し自らも『五柳先生』(東京国立博物館蔵)を出品した。
- When Taikan's friend died young in 1911 at the age of 36, he deeply lamented it and took the initiative in holding an exhibition in memory of Shunso HISHIDA, sending his own work, 'Goryu Sensei' (now in the possession of the Tokyo National Museum) to the exhibition.
- また朝倉氏に援軍を求めた様子もないことから朝倉親交派である久政や家臣達ではなく、長政本人が戦の主導権をとっていたという見方もできる。
- In addition, as the Asakura clan were not requested to provide reinforcements it is suggested that Nagamasa himself had the initiative for the battle, rather than either Hisamasa or the vassals who had close relations with Asakura.
- 会合衆(えごうしゅう、かいごうしゅう)とは、室町時代から安土桃山時代の都市で自治の指導的役割を果たした評定組織またはその組織の構成員。
- Egoshu (or Kaigoshu) (wealthy merchants who led self-governing organizations in cities from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period) are consultation organizations, or is a term that refers to the members of this organization which possessed a leading role in the self-government of cities from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- ただし、1968年に導入された郵便番号では下京区と区別するため「601」となり、1998年の7桁化時には「601-8XXX」となった。
- When the ZIP code system was introduced 1968, however, Minami Ward was assigned the ZIP code '601' to distinguish the ward from Shimogyo Ward; when the seven digit ZIP code system was introduced in 1998, the ward's ZIP code changed to '601-xxxx.'
- 1862年(文久2年)に率兵上京した島津久光は、勅使大原重徳を擁して幕政の刷新を要求し、幕府は松平慶永の主導で井伊政権の清算を図った。
- In 1862, Hisamitsu SHIMIZU gathered an army and headed for Edo, where he sent the Imperial envoy, Shigetomi OHARA to demand the reform of the Shogunate government, but with Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA leading the Shogunate, the Ii government was cleared off.
- 昭和42年(1967年)3月29日、文部省発体120号の通達により、弓道が高校正課体育種目として体育の時間に指導することが可能となる。
- On March 29, 1967, the Ministry of Education's Physical Development Issue 120 was announced, thereby allowing Kyudo to be taught in physical education classes as a regular curriculum for high school physical education.
- 延享元年(1744年)、天城湯ヶ島(現伊豆市)で山守を務めていた板垣勘四郎は三島代官の命によりシイタケ栽培の技術指導で有東木を訪れた。
- In 1744, Kanshiro ITAGAKI, who served as the guardian of the mountains at Amagiyugashima (Izu City), visited Utogi at the behest of Mishima's local governor for the purpose of teaching the technique of shiitake mushroom cultivation.
- 明治時代に日本に導入された油絵を「洋画」と呼ぶのに対して、油彩に依らず、それまでの日本の伝統的な技法や様式の上に育てられた絵画を指す。
- While oil painting, which was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, is called Yo-ga (foreign style painting), Nihon-ga refers to paintings which utilize traditional Japanese techniques and styles and rather than being reliant on oil paint.
- アイスクリームをカステラなど空気を多く含む素材で包み素早く揚げると、空気により内部への熱伝導が妨げられるためアイスクリームは溶けない。
- When ice cream is wrapped with castella sponge cake or other food absorbing a lot of air is quickly deep-fried, the ice cream does not melt because the air prevents the heat from transferring to the inside.
- だが、5年後に再び松岡寺に復帰すると隣国越中国一向一揆を指導していた弟蓮悟や吉崎に残っていた同じく弟の蓮誓と連携して富樫氏と対抗した。
- But when he returned to Shoko-ji Temple five years later, he opposed the Togashi clan in cooperation with his young brothers Rengo, who had led Ikko sect's revolt in neighboring Etchu Province, and Rensei, who had stayed in Yoshizaki.
- - 新潟市中央区西堀の善導寺と宗現寺にあり、松尾芭蕉がこの土地に立ち寄ったことを記念して後世に建立された古くなった蓑の道具塚でもある。
- - Located at the grounds of Zendo-ji Temple and Sogen-ji Temple in Nishibori, Chuo Ward, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, they are also dogu zuka for old worn straw raincoats erected to commemorate the occasion of Basho Matsuo's visit to this area.
- ほおずきは漢字で「鬼灯」と書き、先祖の霊(「鬼」の字義のひとつ)が迷わず帰ってこられるように導く灯りの象徴として、精霊棚に供えられる。
- As hozuki is written '鬼灯' (ogre's light) in kanji characters, it is offered on the Shoryodana (shelf placed ancestral tablet and altarage in the Obon festival) as a symbol of lights leading ancestors' souls (one of the meaning of '鬼' [ogre]) safely back to their home.
- 当初は単なる指導碁程度の趣であったが、読売新聞の大宣伝により次第に日本対中国、旧権威対新勢力の大勝負へと事態はヒートアップしていった。
- At the beginning the game looked like a mere go lesson, but The Yomiuri Shimbun's advertising campaign gradually turned the game to being viewed with political overtone such as Japan versus China or old authority versus new force, making the competition heating up.
- 日露戦争の開戦に当たっては、消極派の伊藤・井上馨らに反論し、積極的に開戦を主張、財政上の懸念は解決できると豪語し、元老会議を主導した。
- At the time of the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, opposing negative group including ITO and Kaoru INOUE, he insisted on start of the war, saying that he could resolve financial concerns, and led the Council of Genro.
- 5月5日には、支那事変のためとして、国家総動員法や電力国家管理法を成立させ、経済の戦時体制を導入し、日本の国家社会主義化が開始された。
- On May 5, with the enactment of the National Mobilization Act and the Government Control of Power Act and the introduction of wartime economics, Japan entered a period of national socialization.
- 平成8年(1996年)頃から、教育現場において、当時の文部省の指導で、日章旗(日の丸)の掲揚と同時に『君が代』の斉唱の通達が強化される。
- Since around 1996, in the field of education, under guidance by the Ministry of Education at that time, the instruction for the chorus reading of 'Kimigayo' together with raising of the Japanese (rising sun) flag (hinomaru) were strengthened.
- ただ、中世の熊野詣を主導した天台宗系による順峯は、那智山青岸渡寺によって復興され、今日でも行われているので、完全に途絶したわけではない。
- However, junbu by a branch of the Tendai sect which led pilgrimages to Kumano Sanzan in the medieval period was revived by Seigando-ji Temple in Nachi-san Mountain; since this style is still performed today, junbu is not completely stopped.
- 当初は有力守護大名による衆議によって政治を行っていた義教だが、長老格の三宝院満済、山名時煕の死後から次第に指導力を発揮するようになった。
- Yoshinori, at first, handled the affairs of state by public discussion of dominant shugo guardian feudal lords but he gradually started to show leadership after the death of Mansai SAMPOIN and Tokihiro YAMANA who were regarded as patriarchs.
- 最終的には貿易の主導権を巡り細川氏と大内氏は争い、大永3年(1523年)には寧波で衝突(寧波の乱)し、大内氏は貿易を独占することになる。
- The Hosokawa clan and Ouchi clan competed to seize the initiative of trade, clashed at Neiha in 1523 and finally the Ouchi clan monopolized the trade.
- 以後、孝明天皇・二条斉敬・中川宮朝彦親王の朝廷と「一会桑政権」とが協調して王政復古に至るまでの京都における政治を主導していくことになる。
- The Ichikaiso Government' was practically formed, and afterwards the three lords and the members of the Imperial Court, Emperor Komei, Nariyuki NIJO, and Imperial Prince Nakagawanomiya (Kuninomiya) Asahiko led politics in Kyoto until the Restoration of Imperial Rule.
- 元は先祖と同じく武具を製作するが、千利休の依頼・指導により薬鑵(やかん)を作ったのを契機に、現在の家業である茶道具作りを始めたとされる。
- Shoeki originally made armor as did his ancestors, but it is said that his turning point came when SEN no Rikyu commissioned and instructed him to make a tea kettle whereby Shoeki started tea utensil making which has become the Nakagawa family's business.
- 1934年(昭和9年)には文部省に法隆寺国宝保存事業部が設置され、法隆寺伽藍のいわゆる「昭和大修理」が国の主導で進められることとなった。
- In 1934, Horyuji kokuho hozonjigyobu (National treasure in Horyu-ji Temple Preservation Division) was established in the Ministry of Education and Japanese government led 'Showa Daishuri' (major repair in the Showa period) project of the buildings of the Horyu-ji Temple.
- 今日の空手衣は、1922年、嘉納治五郎のプロデュースで船越義珍が講道館で演武、指導した時に、義珍が柔道衣を借用したことがその起源である。
- The prototype of today's karate uniform is a judo uniform, which Gichin FUNAKOSHI borrowed when he gave a karate demonstration and lectures in 1922 at the Kodokan Judo Institute, under the management of Jigoro KANO.
- 三倍増醸清酒(さんばいぞうじょうせいしゅ、三増酒)とは、第二次世界大戦後の米不足の際に導入された日本酒の一種、増醸酒の通称のことである。
- Sanbai zojo seishu (sanzoshu for short, sake swelled by adding distilled alcohol, sugars, acidulants, monosodium glutamate, etc.) is a common name of zojoshu, a kind of sake which was introduced at the time of rice shortage after World War II.
- 明治以降、日本での馬術は、伝統の馬術を廃して西洋馬術を主に、大日本帝国陸軍(陸軍騎兵学校を参照)において導入し発達したという経緯がある。
- In the Meiji era, the Japanese Imperial Army (refer to 'the Military Equestrian School of Japan') discarded the Japanese traditional equestrianism, adopted mainly the European equestrianism, and developed it.
- 1953年には、当時ヨーロッパで隆盛を極めたファッションデザイナーのクリスチャン・ディオールが来日し、海外ファッションの導入が始まった。
- In 1953, Christian Dior, who was a fashion designer and very successful in Europe at the time, visited Japan, and started to introduce fashion trends abroad.
- 2002年7月に大手の販売業者3社が長崎県産の素麺を『三輪そうめん』として販売していたとして、農水省の立入検査と改善の指導を受けている。
- In July, 2002 the ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries operated an on-the-spot inspection to the three major somen manufacturers on charge that they had sold the somen produced in Nagasaki Prefecture as 'Miwa Somen' and instructed them to improve the situation.
- クリスマス様式の暦では、12月25日が正月で、ドイツとイングランドで13世紀迄使われており、スペインでは14世紀~16世紀に導入された。
- The Christmas-style calendar had its new year on its December 25th, was used until the 13th Century in Germany and England, and was introduced into Spain in the 14th to 16th Centuries.
- - 東京湾アクアライン-館山自動車道・木更津北インターチェンジ-国道409号-国道297号-国道128号-守谷海岸駐車場(誘導看板あり)
- Tokyo Bay Aqua Line - Tateyama Expressway, Kisarazu-Kita Interchange - National Route 409 - National Route 297 - National Route 128 - Moriya Beach Parking Area (there is a guidance sign)
- それをもとに関西医科大学の石田哲郎の指導のもと、昭和55年(1980年)3月、日本画家前田幹雄の手によって石膏の復顔肖像画が制作された。
- In March, 1980, the Japanese-style painter Mikio MAEDA drew a portrait of Mitsunari from the plaster-reconstructed face under the direction of Tetsuro ISHIDA, of Kansai Medical University.
- これは、渡航前に世宗 (朝鮮王)から「倭の紙、堅籾、造作の法また宜しく伝習すべし」と、日本の技術を導入するように命じられていたからである。
- This is because, prior to starting the mission, he was instructed by Sejong (a Korean king) that 'You should learn how to make paper, how to make hard blades and how to build houses and should bring back the technologies concerned,' or he was instructed to introduce technologies in Japan.
- 更に平安時代末期には、官司請負制の導入や官吏(官僚)が門閥で占められるようになって(貴族による蔭位の制の濫用)その機能を果たさなくなった。
- Furthermore, in the late Heian period, Daigaku-ryo became unable to function because the Kanshi Ukeoi system (the system that allows the succession of governmental posts by heredity) was introduced, and government positions were monopolized by people from distinguished families (because the nobility abused the Oni system, through which descendents of higher rank officials were given preference when assuming a post).
- 時宗の死後、御家人層の支持を持つ泰盛が幕政を主導して弘安徳政を開始するが、御内人の代表である内管領の平頼綱と対立し、霜月騒動で滅ぼされる。
- After Tokimune's death, Yasumori, who had the support of the gokenin, led the shogunate administration and initiated the Koan-tokusei (political reforms instituted in the Koan era); however, a dispute with Yoritsuna TAIRA (a head of the Tokuso family who was a representative of the miuchibito) led to him being overthrown in the Shimotsuki incident.
- さきの討幕の密勅は、慶喜の大政奉還を想定した上で、主導権を持たない岩倉具視ら倒幕派の中下級公家と薩長側の非常手段として画策したものである。
- The said secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate was planned as emergency measures by middle- and lower-graded court nobles without initiative including Tomomi IWAKURA, and Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu), under the supposition that Yoshinobu would carry out Taisei Hokan.
- 字句の修正などが主であり、根本は大宝律令を基本としていたが、その施行は遅れ、757年(天平宝字9年)、藤原仲麻呂主導の下においてであった。
- It was mainly revision of words and clauses and its basis was Taiho Ritsuryo, however its enforcement was delayed until 757, under the leadership of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro.
- この判決は慣習法に則した「姦夫姦婦殺害」の容認という発想は、家庭内にまで領主権力を及ぼしたい戦国大名に歓迎され、分国法に次々と導入された。
- This ruling backed by the concept of approving 'murder of adulterer and adulteress' based on common law was welcomed by Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and was introduced in one bunkokuho (the law individual Sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) after another.
- しかし、賀茂氏の嫡流である勘解由小路家の断絶により、土御門家 (安倍氏)が暦道の主導権を握り、賀茂氏の庶流幸徳井家を圧迫して傘下に加えた。
- However, after the extinction of the Kadenokoji family line, the direct descendant of the Kamo clan, the Tsuchimikado family (the main branch of the Abe clan), became the leading figure in rekido and forced the Kotokui family, a branch family of the Kamo clan, to come under their control.
- 1987年3月24日、京都地方検察庁は市長が古都税の和解について交渉した過程において利益誘導にあたる事実はないとして不起訴の決定を下した。
- March 24, 1987: The Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the mayor because of no evidence of handing out benefits to his electoral district during his negotiation for the settlement of the Old Capital Tax.
- 清和天皇の頃に五紀暦・宣明暦の導入を主唱した大春日真野麻呂や大衍暦を日本に持ち帰った吉備真備の6代目の子孫とされる賀茂忠行が良く知られた。
- The following two figures are well-known as Reki Hakase: OKASUGA no Manomaro, who in the reign of the Emperor Seiwa advocated the introduction of Goki reki (Wuji calendar, a lunar-solar calendar developed in the Tang by Guo Xianzhi and used in China during the years 762 to 821) and Senmyo reki (a variation of the lunar calendar that was created in ancient China); and KAMO no Tadayuki, believed to be the sixth generation descendant of KIBI no Makibi, who brought the Taien calendar to Japan.
- 後には、映像記録が可能なビデオが導入されるが、その中間期、映像は生放送だったが音響は録音でまかなえるようになった時代にカラオケは誕生する。
- Videos capable of recording moving images were introduced later, but in the interim period when the image was live, but sounds were supplied by recorded sources, karaoke was invented.
- しかし中国でも近年は日本からの養殖技術の導入により、日本向けの輸出用に養殖されたものが中国国内の市場に出回り、食べられるようになっている。
- However, with the introduction of aquaculture technology from Japan, cultured seaweed for export to Japan appeared on the market in China, so people started to eat it.
- 明治五年にはフランスのリヨンに職人の井上伊兵衛と佐倉常七を派遣してジャカード織機を導入、3年後には荒木小平が国産のジャカードを誕生させた。
- In 1872, artisans Ihei INOUE and Tsuneshichi SAKURA were sent to Lyons, France, and introduced Jacquard weaving machines to Japan, and three years later a Japan-made Jacquard weaving machine was produced by Kohei ARAKI.
- 官営紙漉き場であった紙屋(かんや)院は、平安時代の製紙技術のセンターであり、当時の最高の技術で紙を漉き、地方での紙漉きの技術指導も行った。
- The kanyain, which was a paper mill under the direct control of government, was the center for the techniques of paper making during the Heian period to make a paper using the best techniques available at the time and provide technical instructions for making paper in the provinces.
- 平成8年(1996年)、岩戸山の指導により囃子を復活させ、平成18年(2006年)には御神体を除く懸装品を展示する「飾り席」を復活させた。
- In 1996, the festive music was restored with the leadership of Iwato yama, and in 2006, 'kazari seki' (place where kensohin, things used to decorate a float, such as textiles, carvings, goldworks are displayed) was restored in which the objects used for decoration except for the object of worship were exhibited.
- この背景には、当時の梅若一門が実力拮抗する三人(五十四世梅若六郎、梅若万三郎、六世観世鐵之丞)によって指導されていた(という事情がある)。
- There was a context in which the Umewaka group at that time was led by three masters, namely, the 54th Rokuro UMEWAKA, Manzaburo UMEWAKA, and the sixth Tetsunojo KANZE, who competed in Noh play with each other.
- だが、徴税体制の中に依然として従来の名体制・職の体系を継承した部分も残されたものの、次第に大名主導による年貢などの負担の平均化が進められた。
- Although a part of myo taisei (local tax management system based on rice land) and the shiki system (system of occupation) was left in the taxation system, averaging of burdens such as tax progressed gradually led by daimyo.
- それまでの年貢徴収法は、年毎に収穫量を見てその量を決める検見法がとられていたが、これでは収入が安定しないので、享保の改革の一環で導入された。
- Until then, kemi ho (annual crop inspections), in which the amount of tax is determined based on the amount of crop that was produced each year, was adopted as the method of land tax collection, but the income was unstable with this method and jomen ho was adopted as part of the Kyoho reforms.
- 11世紀ごろに武家の棟梁と呼ぶべき指導的な武士(例えば源頼信など)が登場すると、多数の武士が棟梁と主従関係を結んで、棟梁の郎党となっている。
- Around the eleventh century, as leading samurai like MINAMOTO no Yorinobu who should be called toryo (a leader) appeared, many samurai connected master to servant relationships with toryo and become roto for the toryo.
- だが、江戸幕府天文方が主導した改暦(貞享暦)に成功すると、改暦の権限を巡って幕府(天文方)と朝廷(土御門家)の間で対立が生じるようになった。
- However, when the tenmonkata (astronomer appointed by bakufu) of Edo bakufu led and succeeded in changing the calendar to Jokyo reki (Jokyo calendar), the bakufu (tenmongata) and the Imperial Court (the Tsuchimikado family) came to oppose to each other over the power for kaireki (changing of calendar).
- 仮託説に対しては、多分に推測を重ねることによって導かれる直系・嫡系皇位継承説に、明文の史料を否定する力を与えるべきではないとする批判がある。
- Against the pretext theory, some historians criticize that this theory should not give a detrimental rational forte to the direct line succession theories and the legitimate child succession theories, both of which are developed largely based on successive suppositions, to negate the explicitly written historical materials.
- 5月には摂政二条斉敬以下多くの公卿を集めた徹夜の朝議により長年の懸案であった兵庫開港の勅許も得るなど、慶喜による主導権が確立されつつあった。
- In May, the long-awaited imperial approval to open Hyogo port was given after an all-night meeting of many noble figures, including Nariyuki NIJO, Sessho (regent), allowing Yoshinobu to seize the initiative.
- この背景として、脱走軍は榎本武揚が指導者になっているとは言え、元藩主や元幕府老中といった大名クラスも参加しており、君臣の関係が複雑であった。
- 表現を変更しました。
- ところが、年が明けて後光厳上皇の7回忌を巡って興福寺側が帰座の約束を破棄すると、義満は積極的に朝廷に参与して自らが主導する態度を見せ始めた。
- In the next year, however, Kofuku-ji Temple argued over the sixth anniversary of the Retired Emperor Gokogen and broke its promise of shinboku kiza, so Yoshimitsu actively participated in the court administration and began to suggest that he would take the lead in the negotiations.
- 戦後は稲作の大規模化・機械化が推し進められ、傾斜に合わせて様々な形をしていた圃場は、農業機械が導入し易い大型の長方形に統一されて整備された。
- As rice cultivation has become more massive and mechanized since the end of the World War II, agricultural fields, each of which used to be shaped differently according to the slope, were improved and unified into large rectangles in which it is easier to introduce farm machines.
- また、モンゴル族はチベット仏教を信仰していたため、元 (王朝)時代にチベット様式の仏教絵画が導入され、以後、明、清時代にも盛んに制作された。
- In addition, as Mongolians worshipped Tibetan Buddhism, Buddhist paintings in the Tibetan style were introduced in Yuan Dynasty, and since then many of them were created in the Ming and Qing periods.
- また、二人の大切な友人を得ており、一人は鴎外の指導者ザクセン軍医監のウィルヘルム・ロートで、もう一人は外国語が堪能な同僚軍医のキルケである。
- He also established two valued friendships with Wilhelm Roth, Surgeon Major General of Saxony, who was a master of his, and Keirke, an army surgeon and one of his co-workers, who excelled at foreign languages.
- 織田政権内での主導権をもくろむ秀吉は、さらに清洲会議にて信忠の子・三法師(織田秀信)の後見となり、事実上の信長の後継者としての地位を確立する。
- Hideyoshi, who aimed to take the initiative in the Oda government, became the guardian for Sanposhi (Hidenobu ODA), who was a son of Nobutada, as a result of the Meeting in Kiyosu-jo Castle and established his position as the successor of Nobunaga.
- そして、門徒の指導権も所領・財産も悉く蓮淳傘下の称徳寺(後の慈敬寺)に奪われてしまう事になった(享禄・天文の乱堅田本福寺破門事件参照のこと)。
- Honpuku-ji Temple was robbed of the leadership of believers, territory and fortune by Shotoku-ji Temple (later Jikei-ji Temple), which was under the control of Shonyo (refer to the Kyoroku-Tenbun War and Katata Honpuku-ji Temple Excommunication Incident).
- 大化の改新以降、中国(唐)の法令体系である律令を導入することにより、天皇を中心とした政府・国家体制を構築しようとする動きが活発となっていった。
- After the Reformation of Taika, the movement to construct the government and system of the country with the Emperor in the center was activated by introducing Ritsuryo, which is the system of rules and regulations in China (Tang).
- 征韓論派の下野の後政府は内務卿大久保利通の主導のもと1874年台湾蕃地事務長官に大隈重信、同都督に陸軍中将西郷従道を任命して出兵準備をさせた。
- After resignation of supporters of Seikanron, the government led by Toshimichi OKUBO, Secretary of Interior, appointed Shigenobu OKUMA as chief secretary of Taiwan Banchi and Tsugumichi SAIGO, lieutenant general (army), as Totoku governor general of Taiwan in 1874 to prepare for the dispatch of troops.
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- しかしながら、収入を増やすために米の生産量を増やすと米価が下がると言う様になかなか思うようにはいかず、商人たちが経済の主導権を握るようになる。
- However, the policy did not work well as the increase of rice production for the purpose of the revenue increase resulted in the decrease of rice price, and merchants came to take control of the economy.
- 配下に京都守護職の松平容保、京都所司代の松平定敬らを従え、江戸の幕閣達から独立した動きをみせ、 在京幕府勢力の指導的役割を果たす存在となった。
- He gained vassals such as Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), and he worked independently from the cabinet officials of the Shogunate in Edo and took the leadership role in the bakufu forces stationed in Kyoto.
- 明治時代になると、西洋化近代化が国家目標になり、美術分野でもお雇い外国人による指導が行われ、芸術の本場と考えられたフランスへ留学する者もいた。
- In the Meiji period, the Japanese government set a national goal of westernization and modernization, and therefore, also in the art field, hired foreigners taught Japanese, and since France was deemed the home of art, some Japanese went there for study.
- 天平勝宝4年(752年)に、大仏の鋳造が終了し、天竺(現在のインド)出身の僧・菩提僊那を導師として大仏開眼会(かいげんえ)が盛大に挙行された。
- In 752, the casting of the Great Buddha was completed and the Kaigen-e ceremony of the Great Buddha was held in grand style by the priest, Bodai Senna, from Tenjiku (present, India), as a doshi (ceremony leader).
- ハッピーマンデー制度導入に伴い、2000年から1月第2月曜日、つまり、その年の1月8日から1月14日までのうち月曜日に該当する日に変更された。
- Along with introduction of the 'happy Monday' system, from 2000 this holiday was set to be on the second Monday of January, in effect a Monday between 8 and 14 January.
- この頃、政治の主導権を巡って後白河と二条天皇は激しく対立していたため、その出生には「世上嗷々の説(不満・批判)」があったという(『百錬抄』)。
- During this period, Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo were severely opposed to each other taking control of political power, it was said there was a lot of criticism and complaining against the birth of Prince ('Hyakurensho' (History book from the Kamakura period)).
- これは頼朝の同母弟の源希義を殺害した蓮池家綱・平田俊遠ら平家方勢力の掃討を目的としており、土佐出身の御家人・夜須行宗を先導に立てたものだった。
- The aim of this campaign was to mop-up the power of Taira forces including Ietsune HASUIKE, Shunto HIRATA and the like, who had killed Yoritomo's younger maternal half-brother, MINAMOTO no Mareyoshi; Yukimune YASU, a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) from Tosa Province took the head of the charge.
- 新政府は天皇大権のもと欧米の諸制度を積極的に導入し、廃藩置県、身分解放、法制整備、国家インフラの整備など明治維新と呼ばれる一連の改革を遂行した。
- Under the Emperor's power, the new government introduced various systems from European countries and the United States, and made a set of reformations called Maiji Restoration, such as Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), abolition of the class system, establishment of the system of law and construction of national infrastructures.
- 高倉永季の子の高倉永行(位階・参議)(生年不詳 - 1416年)以降は足利将軍家の衣文道の指導にも当たり、朝廷での有職故実を山科家にも伝授した。
- From the time of Nagasue TAKAKURA's son, Nagayuki TAKAKURA (Court Rank, Councillor, date of birth unknown - 1416) onwards, the family taught Emondo to the Ashikaga shogunate, and gave instruction in the court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette to the Yamashina family.
- 明治維新により天皇が国家の最高指導者に位置付けられてからは皇室典範並びに登極令の制定により天皇の践祚・即位に関わる一連の儀式の様式が定められた。
- Since the Emperor was regarded as the national supreme leader by the Meiji Restoration, the form of a series of ceremonies in regard of the accession and enthronement of the Emperor was defined by the newly established Imperial House Act and Tokyoku-rei.
- 藩主の毛利敬親と子の毛利定広は国許へ謹慎を命じられて政治主導権を失っており、京や大坂に密かに潜伏した数名の長州尊攘派はにわかに行動を続けていた。
- The daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) of Choshu, Tadachika MORI, and his son Sadahiro MORI were ordered into house arrest in their hometown and lost their authority to lead politically, but in the capital and in Osaka, several Imperial loyalists from Choshu continued to work secretly to restore the Emperor to power.
- 朝廷はそれまでの氏姓制度を改め、公地公民制や統一的税制(租庸調制など)を施行し、地方行政機構を改組して中央集権化するなど、律令制の導入を図った。
- The Imperial Court made efforts to introduce a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes by reforming the system of clans and hereditary titles, enforcing the ownership of all lands and serfs by the emperor, and introducing a uniform tax system (taxes in kind or service).
- 1894年5月に朝鮮で、東学教団構成員の全琫準を指導者として民生改善と日・欧の侵出阻止を求める農民反乱である甲午農民戦争(東学党の乱)が起きた。
- In May 1894, the Tonghak Peasant Revolution led by Jeon Bong Jun --a member of the Tonghak religious community-- occurred in Korea, calling for improvement of the people's livelihood and prevention of invasions from Japan and Western countries.
- 宮城道雄と提携し、宮城作曲の尺八譜の公刊を独占したこと、評議員制の導入など中央集権的な組織作りを行ったことなど都山流は尺八界最大の組織となった。
- By collaborating with Michio MIYAGI and coming to hold the exclusive rights to publishing shakuhachi notation for MIYAGI's compositions, introducing a council system and the like, Tozan NAKANO established a centralized organization that grew to become the largest organization in the shakuhachi world.
- 1917年宗教団体大本に入信、京都府の綾部市や亀岡市で独自の修行を続け、甥の井上鑑昭(親英体道の創始者)と共に同地で「合気武道」の指導を行った。
- In 1917, he joined the religious group Oomoto, and continued his own training in Ayabe City and Kameoka City in Kyoto while teaching 'Aikibudo' with his nephew Noriaki INOUE (founder of the martial art called Shinei Taido) in the area.
- 正座は脚の血流を妨げることから、脚の発育に悪影響を及ぼし短足やO脚の原因になるとされることもあり、子供に正座をしないよう指導する人も一部にある。
- Since sitting in the seiza style hinders blood flow, it could have an adverse effect on the growth of legs, causing short legs or bow-legs, and some people tell their children not to sit in seiza style.
- これはもし線香の燃焼部位が比熱容量の高い陶器や熱伝導性の高い金属と接触してしまうと、燃焼に必要な熱がそちらに移動して火が消えてしまうからである。
- If the burning part of a repellent stick is in contact with ceramic with high specific heat capacity or metal with high heat conductivity, the heat required for burning would transfer to the contacted part, resulting in burning out.
- 特に南北朝時代 (日本)以後には、都市には町衆、農村には乙名などの有力な指導層が現れて、彼らが主導する祭礼や芸能の中で「風流」が取り入れられた。
- After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) in particular, powerful leaders like Machishu (rich merchants) in the urban areas and Otona (leaders of farmer's organizations) in the rural areas appeared, and 'Furyu' was included in the festivals and performing arts that they hosted.
- しかし、明治の初めの西洋数学導入は、技術を支える道具の輸入という面が強く、初期の「洋算家」には技術者など数学の専門家とは言えないものも多かった。
- However, the introduction of western mathematics at the beginning of the Meiji period emphasized the importation of technical tools from the west, and as such, the early 'yosan mathematicians' were technicians, rather than experts of mathematics.
- 法然においては、道綽と善導の考えを受けて、浄土に往生するための行を称名念仏を指す「正」とそれ以外の行の「雑」に分けて正行を行うように説いている。
- Being influenced by the teaching of Doshaku and Zendo, Honen distinguished the Right Practices, in which one recites Buddha's name in order to be born in the Pure Land, from Miscellaneous Practices, which include all the rest, and he encouraged the exercising of Right Practices.
- 福原京(ふくはらきょう)は、平安時代末期の治承4年(1180年)、計画のみに終った和田京に続いて、平清盛の主導で造営が進められた日本の首都の通称。
- Fukuhara-kyo is the name of a capital city which TAIRA no Kiyomori wanted to establish and promoted after a plan to build Wada-kyo had ended in failure 1180 (towards the end of Heian period).
- 明治から太平洋戦争敗戦までは、研究の場では江戸時代より様々な論考があったにもかかわらず、学校教育において実在の人物として教えるよう指導されていた。
- Although there had been various discussions on Empress Jingu in the research setting since the Edo period, teachers were directed to teach that Empress Jingu was a real, existing person from the Meiji period until the defeat in the Pacific War.
- 裁判所時代から現地の行政は岡本監輔(けんすけ)が執り、明治元年(1868年)と2年(1869年)から移住した日本人入植者約500人を指導していた。
- Kensuke OKAMOTO performed public administration from the time of the Hakodate District Court and managed about 500 Japanese settlers who immigrated from 1868 and 1869.
- それでも不足したために院宮分国制の導入や年爵で推挙できる位階の引き上げ(院政期には公卿である従三位まで推挙可能となる)なども行われるようになった。
- Still, due to the insufficient revenue, Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system) was introduced and ikai (Court rank) was raised (up to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) for Court nobles during insei period (period of the government by the retired Emperor)).
- 実は、さだも歌詞の中で「精霊流しが華やかに」と書いており、グレープのデビューアルバム『わすれもの』では『精霊流し』の導入部に爆竹の音が入っている。
- Actually, Sada's lyrics includes 'Shoronagashi ga hanayakani' (spectacular Shoronagashi), and also his group's first album 'Wasuremono' contains 'Shoronagashi' which includes the sounds of firecrackers during its lead-in.
- 逆に便器のトップシェア2社は、エレクトロニクス制御技術や陶器以外の新素材導入では家電品メーカーに水を空けられており、温水洗浄便座では苦戦している。
- In contrast, the two top share companies of the toilet basin fall behind the household appliance manufacturers in the introduction of new materials except for the technology of electronics control or pottery and the two have a tough time in the market of onsui senjo benza.
- 2002年からは、山梨県が主導して「国産のぶどうを100パーセント使用して造った日本産ワイン」を対象とするコンペティションも行われるようになった。
- From 2002 onward, leading with Yamanashi Prefecture, a competition focused on 'Japanese wine using only 100% Japanese grapes' began.
- 斯波家被官で執事の甲斐常治(越前・遠江守護代)は、義敏の父の持種とともに、長年にわたって家中を指揮していたが、常治と持種は主導権を巡って対立する。
- Jochi KAI (the shugodai, deputy military governor, of Echizen and Totomi Provinces) was the vassal and steward of the Shiba clan and he was in charge of the family for years, along with Mochitane, Yoshitoshi's father, but they conflicted over the leadership of the family.
- 掾官はその名の通り掾や目といった下級国司の子孫が土着したものと見られ、衛門府の尉官などの官位を得ていることが多く、国衙で指導的立場にいたと思われる。
- Jokan is, as the name suggests, were regarded as localized lower-ranking kokushi descendants such as jo or sakan, and jokan often attained official ranks such as ikan and so on in emonfu (bureaucracy in the ritsuryo system of governance) and seemed to have been in a position of leadership within the kokuga.
- 明治時代に通貨単位として円 (通貨)(円)が導入されたが、切り替え時に「1圓は1両と等価」とされ、しばらくの間は「圓」のことを「両」とも呼んでいた。
- In the Meiji period, yen was introduced as the currency unit, however, '1 yen was equivalent to 1 ryo' in changeover phase, so 'yen' was called 'ryo' for a while.
- また非血縁関係の家臣・国人領主たちに「一家」・「一門」などの称号を与えて自己の一族扱いをしてゆく事によって組織における指導的地位を確保しようとした。
- They treated the vassals and Kokujin ryoshu, who had no blood relations, as equals to family members by conferring them the title of 'ikka' or 'ichimon' in an attempt to maintain their leading position in the organization.
- また、京都における主導権争いから薩摩藩らと衝突、8月、三条実美らの七卿落ち、翌の池田屋事件を契機に薩摩藩・会津藩・桑名藩と武力衝突した(禁門の変)。
- Leadership struggle in Kyoto developed into conflicts with Satsuma Domain and others, and caused the seven court nobles to escape from Kyoto in August1863 as well as the Ikedaya Incident the next year, which led to armed conflicts with Satsuma Domain, Aizu Domain and Kuwana Domain (the Kinmon Incident).
- 大日本帝国海軍が発祥で、栄養価が高く、栄養バランスもよく、また海軍カレーと同じ素材を使うために補給の都合がよく、水兵の食事として全国的に導入された。
- It originated in the Imperial Japanese Navy and was introduced as a dish for sailors because it was high in nutrition and well-balanced, and also because it was easy to supply the ingredients as they were the same as Navy curry.
- また相手の側背面などの死角から相手に正対し、かつ自分の中心線上に相手を補足することにより、最小の力で相手の重心・体勢を容易にコントロールし導き崩す。
- Additionally, by facing the opponent from a blind spot such as the side or the back, and capturing the opponent along the line extending from one's center, the opponent's center of gravity and posture can be controlled and led to collapse with minimal force.
- 国技館では昨今の観客数の減少に歯止めをかける改革の一環として、特別限定チケット「二人枡」を試験的に導入したが、その数はまだ極めて少数に止まっている。
- As part of an initiative aiming to put the brakes on declining audience figures, the Japan Sumo Association introduced 'masuseki for two' as an experiment by selling special limited tickets for the tournament at Ryogoku Kokugikan, however, this has not proved popular.
- 『甲陽軍鑑(こうようぐんかん)』によれば、北条氏康の臣、大導寺が敵の本間近江守を討ち取って、その指物の金の提灯を小纏にしたのが初めであるとしている。
- According to the 'Koyo Gunkan' (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family), the first umajirushi was a gold lantern used as a second matoi (military flag) by a vassal of Ujiyasu HOJYO named Daidoji, and he obtained this lantern by defeating his enemy named Ominokami HONMA and taking his sashimono (standard for identification used on a battlefield).
- なお、技法にはシンクロナイズドスイミングと共通する技があり、日本にシンクロナイズドスイミングを導入したのもその共通性に注目した日本泳法の団体である。
- There are some techniques as in common with synchronized swimming, and it was a group of Nihon eiho who introduced the synchronized swimming to Japan since they noticed the commonality between the two.
- しかし、吉宗の急死と幕府の天文方に政治力がなかったため、朝廷の陰陽頭・土御門泰邦(阿倍氏土御門家(室町~明治時代)参照)に主導権を奪われてしまった。
- However, because of the untimely sudden death of Yoshimune and the lack of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Tenmongata's influence on the politicians inside the government, Yasukuni TSUCHIMIKADO, Onmyo no kami in Imperial Court (Onmyoryo or bureau of Divination) (see the Tsuchimikado family of the Abe clan (from the Muromachi period to the Meiji period)) took initiative in reforming a new calendar.
- そのため大化の改新・建武の新政・明治維新が最も重要な改革に位置づけられ、こうした国家主義的な歴史観はとりわけ歴史教育の現場へ積極的に導入されていった。
- Therefore, the Taika Reforms, Kenmu Restoration and Meiji Restoration were positioned as the most important reformations, and these nationalistic views of history had been actively introduced, in particular, into actual education of history.
- 幕府が諸藩を指導して給人という呼称を用いさせたり定着させようとした事実はないにも関わらず、多くの諸藩には、給人または給人席という身分・家格が存在した。
- The fact was that the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) did not intend to use or settle this designation of kyujin, however, there existed a status or Kakaku called kyujin or kyujin-seki in many domains.
- 以上のような名田を中心とする収取体制(これを名体制または名田制という)は、11世紀~12世紀以降、一円化して領域制を高めつつあった荘園にも導入された。
- The taxation system centered on the myoden (known as the myotai or myoden system) was also introduced to shoen (manors in medieval Japan) that were expanding their areas of control since the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
- 頼朝の死後は頼朝室の北条政子や北条義時が幕政を主導し、和田氏などの有力御家人を排斥し、また承久の乱においても御家人を統率して朝廷や反北条勢力を抑えた。
- After Yoritomo's death, Masako HOJO, Yoritomo's wife, and Yoshitoki HOJO led the shogunate administration, and excluded powerful gokenin including the Wada clan, and then suppressed the Imperial Court and anti-Hojo force by keeping a rein on gokenin at the Jokyu War.
- 井伊死後、老中の久世広周(関宿藩主)・安藤信正(磐城平藩主)らが幕政を主導し、失墜した幕府の権力を復活させるため、朝廷との提携(公武合体)を模索する。
- After the death of Ii, Hirokane KUZE (the lord of the Sekiyado clan) and Nobumasa ANDO (the lord of the Iwakitaira clan), both senior councilors, led the government, trying to unite the Imperial Court and the Shogunate (kobu-gattai [integration of the imperial court and the shogunate]), in order to restore the power of the bakufu government.
- 実際の指導は、親交のあった中山博道(神道無念流)の3人の高弟で「有信館の三羽烏」と呼ばれた中倉清(当時は盛平の婿養子)、羽賀準一、中島五郎蔵が行った。
- Actual training was conducted by Kiyoshi NAKAKURA (who was at the time Morihei's adopted son-in-law), Junichi HAGA and Gorozo NAKAJIMA: These comprised the so-called 'trio of Yushinkan,' who were the three high-caliber disciples of a close friend, Hiromichi NAKAYAMA (of the Shindo-Munen school of swordsmanship).
- 紙屋(かんや)院の技術指導によって、各地で紙漉きが盛んになり、律令制度の統制力の弱体化とも相まって、紙屋(かんや)院は原料の調達が思わしくなくなった。
- With technical instruction from kanyain, paper making became popular in various places and kanyain began to experience the lack of materials together with the weakening of the administration's controlling power.
- また、近年では各種生活習慣病を予防する観点などから、栄養士の指導の元、野菜類などを多めに入れ、栄養バランスに配慮したものを作っている部屋も珍しくない。
- In recent years, from the viewpoint of the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases, many sumo stables use more vegetables to cook nutritiously-balanced chankonabe under the dietician's instructions.
- 渡邊海旭(かいぎょく)上人(1872年 - 1933年)の指導に基づいて当世乱れがちになっていた茶の湯の道の改革を計り、原点に帰った茶風を打ち立てた。
- He reformed the things in disorder of those days and established the style which is based on the fundamental spirit of tea ceremony under the guidance of the Holy Priest Kaigyoku WATANABE (1872-1933).
- 承安3年(1173年)4月12日、滋子の就寝していた法住寺・萱御所が火災に遭い、滋子は女房の健寿女(『たまきはる』の作者)や親宗の先導により避難した。
- On June 1, 1173, there was a fire at the Kaya Palace of the Hoju-ji Temple where Shigeko used to live, Shigeko was guided by her lady in waiting, Kenju jo (the author of 'Tamakiharu') and Chikamune to safely escaped from there.
- 外資導入などを積極的に行い“実業界議員”として名を馳せると、これを良しとしない壮士(政治活動家)の、いの一番の標的となり、たびたび狙われ暴行を浴びた。
- As he gained a reputation as a 'lawmaker well-connected with the business world,' for his policy of proactively introducing foreign capital, he became an immediate target of the political activist who were critical about his policy and he was frequently assaulted by those activists.
- また「婦選制度」の導入については時期尚早とした上で,「女子教育が不在であり一般女子に公民としての自覚が乏しい」とし、まずは女子教育の充実が先決と主張。
- He said that the introduction of 'the women's suffrage system' was too early, saying that '[s]till there is no women's education, and women in general lack consciousness as citizens,' and insisted that the enhancement of women's education was a top priority.
- すなわち、導掌・舎音と呼ばれる専任の管理者によって経営され、堵租と呼ばれる定額小作料制度が広まるようになり、その納付も金納や代金納が主流となっていった。
- That is, professional managers called dosho and shaon managed the manors and the flat-rate pricing farm rent system began to spread and payment came to be mainly by gold or money.
- これにより織田政権内での主導権を掌握した秀吉は清洲会議や賤ヶ岳の戦いを経て信長の後継者として地位を固め、天正11年1583年には大坂城の築城を開始する。
- Consequently, Hideyoshi seized leadership within the Oda government and strengthened his position as Nobunaga's successor through the Kiyosu Meeting and the Battle of Shizugatake; then, in 1583, he started the construction of Osaka-jo Castle.
- また、日露の持つ利権に対しては、アメリカ資本を導入して相互の勢力を牽制させることで対抗を図ったが、袁世凱の失脚や日本側の工作もあり、うまくいかなかった。
- The Qing Dynasty also sought to introduce American capital and play them off against Japanese and Russian rights, but this failed due to the downfall of Yuan Shikai and maneuvering by Japan.
- 古くは仏教の祈祷と混同されて用いられた例もある(『日本書紀』敏達天皇6年条)が、本格的な導入の初出は『日本書紀』にある持統天皇5年(691年)条である。
- There are examples from ancient times of a sort of proto-jugonshi, who used spells containing elements of Buddhist prayers mixed in (see for instance the section on the year 577 in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan)), but full-blown jugonshi do not appear in the written record until the section of the 'Nihonshoki' describing the year 691).
- 後に江戸幕府が「文治政治」の導入に伴って、再び帯刀規制に乗り出す事になった(1668年(寛文8年)、後1683年(天和 (日本)3年)に全国的に拡大)。
- Later, upon introducing 'bunchi seiji' (civilian government), the Edo bakufu resumed control over the custom of sword bearing (in 1688, which was expanded throughout the nation in 1683).
- 日本では、明治5年12月2日(1872年12月31日)まで天保暦が用いられていたため、新暦導入以前の和暦とグレゴリオ暦の日付には差異があり元日が異なる。
- Tempo-reki was used in Japan until December 2, Meiji 5 (December 31, 1872), and the resultant difference in dates means that New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar will differ from that under the traditional Japanese calendar.
- 元日を基準とするのでグレゴリオ暦の導入以前は、暦法により元日が新暦に対し異なるため、数え年の計算には注意が必要である(単純に西暦で計算してはいけない)。
- As the New Year's Day is the base date in the traditional Japanese age system, care is should be taken when calculating someone's age with this method because the New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar is different from that under the traditional Japanese calendar that had been used until the Gregorian calendar was introduced.
- 大名家における茶道の常として上田家においても家元自ら門下を指導することはなく、野村家と中村家より茶道預師範として禄100石を与えて茶道の役を務めさせた。
- The Ueda family did not directly instruct tea ceremony to the disciples as is the case with daimyo (Japanese territorial lord), and had the Nomura family and tne Nakamura family work as the entrusted instructors giving a stipend of 100 koku.
- しかし、そんな中でも舞台の監修(監督)を積極的に行い、後進の中村雀右衛門 (4代目)、坂東玉三郎 (5代目)、中村福助 (9代目)らに指導を行っている。
- However, he actively supervised (directed) plays in the meantime and instructed the younger Jakuemon NAKAMURA IV, Tamasaburo BANDO V, and Fukusuke NAKAMURA IX.
- なお、明治4年(1871年)11月の岩倉使節出発から明治6年(1873年)9月の岩倉帰国までの間に西郷主導留守内閣が施行した主な政策は以下の通りである。
- However, after departure for the Iwakura Mission in November 1871, to Iwakura returned to Japan in September 1873, and Saigo organized the Rusu-naikaku and the policies below were enacted.
- 「妃」とは元々は「つま(妻)」と同義であったが、中国では後に天子の配偶者への貴称として用いられ、唐の律令制を導入した日本でもこれを採用したと見られている。
- Hi' originally had same meaning as 'Tsuma' (wife), but later Hi was used as a title of emperor's spouse in China and this was adopted in Japan since the ritsuryo system was introduced from Tang.
- 殿原衆は堅田の水上交通に従事して堅田船と呼ばれる船団を保有して、時には海賊行為を行って他の琵琶湖沿岸都市を牽制しつつ、堅田衆の指導的な地位を確保していた。
- Tonobara-shu were engaged in water transportation: they owned their fleet called Katata-sen (a group of ships in Katata) and maintained Katata-shu's leading position by checking other areas surrounding the lake and sometimes even by pirating.
- また製糖業者保護のために「原料採集区域制度」を導入、甘蔗農家は付近の製糖工場への作物納入が義務付けられ、またその価格は工場側が決定するというものであった。
- It also introduced the 'raw material collection area system' to protect the sugar manufacturers, system in which the sugarcane farmers were required to supply their products to the sugar manufacturing factories in their neighborhood at a price determined by them.
- 8代将軍となった徳川吉宗は、紀州徳川家の出身であり、それまで幕政を主導してきた譜代大名に対して遠慮することなく、大胆に政治改革をおこなった(享保の改革)。
- Yoshimune TOKUGAWA from the Kishu Tokugawa family assumed the position of the eighth shogun, and implemented dynamic political reforms with no regard for the feelings of the hereditary vassal daimyo who had taken the initiative in the shogunate government until then (Kyoho Reforms).
- 欽明以後、中国の制度・文化の摂取が積極的に行われるようになっていき、7世紀初頭には冠位制度の導入など、天皇家を中心とした政府が形成され始めることとなった。
- After Emperor Kinmei, the systems and cultures of China had begun to be assimilated actively, and in the beginning of 7th century, like the assimilation of kani system (system indicating court ranks by headgear colors), the government with the Imperial Family in the center had begun to be formed.
- 音は響かせない小さな音(押さえる撥・ツクツク)と響かせる大きな音(小の撥、中の撥、大の撥、肩の撥・テンテン)の2種で、四拍子のリズムを主導する役割を担う。
- There are two types of sounds which initiates a four-beat-rhythm; the weaker sound that doesn't ring out (the plectrum is held and it sounds like tsukutsuku), and the louder sound that rings out (small plectrum, medium plectrum, big plectrum, or shoulder plectrum is used, and it sounds like 'tenten').
- 天正年間(16世紀後半)、瓦職人だった長次郎が千利休の指導により聚楽第を建造する際に使用された土を使って焼いた「聚楽焼」(じゅらくやき)が始まりとされる。
- It is said that Rakuyaki began in the late 16th century when a roof tile artisan Chojiro baked 'Jurakuyaki' by firing the soil used in the construction of Jurakudai villa under the teaching of SEN no Rikyu.
- やがて、長慶の死去に伴い、三好氏では三好三人衆による指導体制に移行されたが、幕政からの三好氏排除を目論む13代将軍・足利義輝への対応に苦慮するようになる。
- Before long, due to the death of Nagayoshi, the Miyoshi clan shifted their system to the leaderships by Miyoshi Sanninshu (Miyoshi Triumvirate), but they started to suffer through the correspondence to the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA who proposed exclusion of the Miyoshi clan from bakufu.
- 経済産業分野では、富国強兵・殖産興業のスローガンの下、富岡製糸場を初めとする官営工場が作られるなど、政府主導の産業育成が始まり、西洋式工業技術が導入された。
- In economic and industrial areas, the government began leading industrial development, and Western industrial technology was adopted, such as the establishment of government-owned factories including Tomioka Silk Mill under the slogans 'Fukoku Kyohei' (enriching the country and strengthing the military) and 'Shokusan Kogyo' (encouraging building of new industries).
- しかし、泰時が確立した集団指導体制・明確な法令による司法体制は、個人的な資質などの不安定な要素に左右されることはなく、安定した政治結果を生み出すものだった。
- However, the judicial system by collective leadership system and clear codes established by Yasutoki was not determined by unstable factors such as a personal character, and gave rise to stable political results.
- 西洋諸国のように大形の大砲を製造できるほどにまだ鋳造技術が優れていなかった当時の東アジアでは、こうしたロケット型の兵器が攻城戦や海戦で比較的多く導入された。
- At the time, East Asia had not yet created superior metal casting technology similar to Western countries, which meant that large cannons were unable to be produced and relatively numerous rocket-shaped weapons were introduced in siege warfare and naval battles.
- 一揆の際には農村側に立って先導するような百姓側の代表としての意識の強いものと、支配機構の末端をになう下級官吏の面が強く一揆などの際に標的となる場合もあった。
- Some headmen (nanushi or shoya) had a strong sense of being a representative of the peasants, who led riots on farmers' side, while others became a target in uprisings because of their being the rank and file of the government in direct contact with the public.
- 大仏と大仏殿の再建担当者に任じられたのは渡宋経験のある俊乗坊重源(しゅんじょうぼうちょうげん)であり、彼によって宋から伝来の新建築様式の大仏様が導入された。
- It was the priest Chogen who was appointed chief of the reconstruction of the Great Buddha and its hall, and Chogen (also called Shunjo-bo) once had been to Sung-dynasty China, so he newly applied Daibutsu-yo (the Buddhist architecture), which originated from Sung-dynasty China, to the hall.
- 太鼓が入るのは基本的に死者の霊や鬼畜の登場する怪異的な内容の曲のみで、そのほかの場合には笛と大小の鼓のみで演じる(この場合には大鼓がリズムの主導役を担う)。
- Basically, the side drum is played only during a grotesque scene when a departed spirit or a devil appears and apart from that, only flutes and big and small hand drums are used (with the big drum initiating the rhythm).
- 大隈・河野敏鎌らが脱党したが、慶應義塾系と嚶鳴社系を中心とする事務委員7名による集団指導体制によって辛うじて解党は防がれたが、活動はほとんど不可能となった。
- Losing Okuma and Kono, the party narrowly survived by a collective leadership of seven secretariats consisting of Keiogijuku and Omeisha groups, but was nearly impossible to function as a political party.
- 入鹿の暗殺とそれに続く蘇我本宗家の滅亡に関して、近年では、改革の主導権争いを巡る蘇我氏と皇族や反蘇我氏勢力との確執が暗殺のきっかけになったとする見方がある。
- Concerning the assassination of Iruka and the ruin of head family of the Soga family that followed the incident, there was in recent years a viewpoint that the fights over the reform leadership between the Soga clan and the imperial families and the anti-Soga power had become the start of the assassination.
- こうした地侍たちは、安土桃山期の兵農分離(刀狩など)によって郷士や再度、百姓身分に戻り、庄屋・名主・肝煎・番頭など村の指導者としての地位に就くことが多かった。
- In most cases, these Ji-zamurai returned to the position of farmers due to the separation policy of samurai and farmers such as the sword hunt during the Azuchi Momoyama period and took the leaders' position of the villages such as Shoya, Nanushi, Kimoiri, and Banto.
- 自天王(じてんのう、永享12年(1440年) - 長禄元年12月2日 (旧暦)(1457年12月18日)は、南朝 (日本)の再建を図った後南朝の最後の指導者。
- Jitenno (1440 - December 18, 1457) was the last leader of the Gonancho (the Second Southern Court) who attempted to rebuild the Southern Court (Japan).
- さらに、助かった船員らは救命ボートで避難していたため、船長が適切な避難誘導をせずに、乗客である日本人を取り残したのではないかとの疑念から当時の世論が沸騰した。
- Furthermore, the surviving crew members had fled from the ship on lifeboats, which then created a sensation triggering speculation that the captain might have left the Japanese passengers without giving them proper evacuation guidance.
- 巡回指導や移動審査の実施など活発に行動する反面、太平洋戦争の戦局が切迫するにつれ、政府は国民生活の全てを戦争遂行に結集すべく国民への武道の修練を強く奨励した。
- While they were active, for instance performing guidance tours and traveling reviews, when the Pacific War situation became imminent the government strongly recommended martial arts training to the citizens in order to focus the lives of the citizens entirely on the pursuance of the war.
- 千利休・織部の茶風に桃山時代の気風を取り入れた「綺麗さび」と呼ばれる茶風に達し、3代将軍徳川家光の茶道師範を務めた他、諸大名、公卿、僧侶などに茶道を指導した。
- He created the style of tea called 'kirei-sabi' (pure elegance), which fused the spirit of the Momoyama period with SEN no Rikyu and Oribe styles of tea ceremony; he became the tea master for the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, and instructed many daimyo (feudal lords), nobles and Buddhist monks in the tea ceremony.
- 平氏は、清盛が天台座主・明雲を導師として出家するなど延暦寺と友好的であり、重盛は積極的に動こうとしなかったため、後白河は延暦寺の圧力に屈して成親流罪を認める。
- Goshirakawa accepted the banishment of Narichika because of political pressure from the Enryaku-ji Temple, since the Taira clan was friendly with Enryaku-ji Temple, Kiyomori became a priest under the supervision of the head priest of the Tendai sect, Myoun, or Shigemori did not act spontaneously on this matter.
- これらは地方によって氏神の化身とみなされる場合や、または神輿を先導する露払いの役目を持って町内を練り歩き、それをもてなす意味で沿道では賑やかな催しが行われる。
- These are sometimes regarded as an incarnation of ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) in some provinces, or parade with a role of outrider leading mikoshi, and joyous events are held along the street for the purpose of entertaining mikoshi.
- 簡体字が視覚的に美しくないということで繁体字での書道教育も模索された時期があるものの、政策としての簡体字推進に矛盾することから現在は簡体字の指導で統一される。
- There was a time when Shodo education by traditional Chinese was sought due to lack of visual beauty in simplified Chinese, but now the standard is to instruct the simplified characters because the traditional is not consistent with the political measures for promoting simplified Chinese.
- 大久保の死後は岩倉具視に重用され、安定政権を作れる政府党が出来る環境にない現在の日本で議院内閣制を導入することの不可を説いて、ドイツ式の国家体制樹立を説いた。
- After Okubo's death, he was appointed to a responsible position by Tomomi IWAKURA, and he emphasized that it was impossible to introduce a parliamentary cabinet system to Japan at the time, where had not been ready for having parties to build a stable administration, and also told about the importance of the establishment of a German-style state system instead.
- 北関東での主導的地位にあり頼朝を格下に見ていたことや、新田荘が平家方の荘園であったこと、また源義仲とは親子2代に渡る宿敵関係でありこれを牽制する必要があった。
- He took the leadership in Northern Kanto region and looked down on the status of Yoritomo, Nitta no sho was the manor of the Taira family side, and he needed to restrain MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka who was an old enemy through the parent-child generations.
- 慶長3年(1598年)秀吉が死去すると、五大老の筆頭である徳川家康が頭角を現し朝鮮遠征軍撤退の和平交渉でも主導権を握り実質的な政権運営者へとのし上がっていった。
- When Hideyoshi died in 1598, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was the leader of the Council of Five Elders (五大老), started to distinguish himself and took the lead in negotiations for peace through the withdrawal of the army, which had advanced into Korea; subsequently, he became the person who virtually controlled the government.
- この中では、上に挙げた富国強兵の一環で西洋軍事技術の導入も盛んに行われ、軍隊では兵隊の腕力や体力を強化する目的で、提供される食事(軍隊食)までもが西洋化された。
- As the principal part of the wealth and the military strength policy, the introduction and adaptation of Western-style military technologies and skills was strongly promoted; even the food service provided in the military (military ration) was Westernized in order to strengthen the physical power and stamina of soldiers.
- 泰時は、世代交代期の混乱を防ぐため、叔父の北条時房を執権の補佐役といえる連署に当てるとともに、政治意思決定の合議機関である評定衆を設置し、集団指導体制を布いた。
- In order to prevent confusion during the transition of power to the next generation, Yasutoki appointed his uncle, Tokifusa HOJO, as rensho (assistant to the shikken), established the hyojoshu - a consulting institution for making political decisions - and founded the collective leadership system.
- なお無闇に謙って迎える側の誘導を無視して下座に陣取ると出口が近い事もあり「おまえの所は不快なのですぐ帰る」という意思表示に取られかねないため、注意が必要である。
- Indiscreetly ignoring the invitation of the host and sitting in a seat nearer the door may be interpreted as a sign that you do not appreciate the host's locale and wish to leave soon so care needs to be taken.
- しかし博士は、唱えるための参考であり、声明を習得しようとすれば、口伝(ロイとも言う)(指導者による面授)が必要であり、師から弟子への流派の維持・継承は出来ない。
- However, Hakase was a reference to chant, and in order to learn Shomyo, kuden (also called roi, or direct initiation by an instructor) was necessary; therefore, conservation and inheritance were impossible from the perspective of a master to a disciple.
- 甲申政変によって一時停止されていた「漢城旬報」(10日に一回発行)は、1886年「漢城周報」(週に一回発行)として発行され、井上も再び編集指導として採用された。
- 'Hanseong Sunbo' (issued once every 10 days), which ceased its publication for a while due to the Gapsin Coup, restarted to be issued as the 'Hanseong Chubo' (Hanseong Weekly Bulletins) (issued weekly) in 1886 and Inoue was employed again as the editorial supervisor.
- 鈴木氏は紀ノ川対岸の雑賀荘(現在の和歌山市街周辺)を中心に周辺の荘園の土豪たちが結集してつくっていた雑賀衆の有力な家系のひとつで、十ヶ郷の指導者的な立場にあった。
- The Suzuki clan was one of the powerful family lines of Saigashu, formed centering the Saiga-so estate (present periphery of the urban area of Wakayama City) by the local clans of the shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the vicinity of, and it was in the position of the leader of the Jikkago area.
- のちには大名庭園においても一部用いられたが戦前には西洋から導入された抽象美学・芸術が日本の土着の抽象芸術を模索する姿勢をつくりだし、その視点から注目されていった。
- Later, this was partially used in gardens of feudal lords (daimyos), however, abstraction aesthetics and art introduced from the West during the prewar days produced a posture that gropes for the abstract native art of Japan, and attention was focused from this perspective.
- 新天皇は宮内庁長官らに先導され皇族を従え松の間に臨場し、参列者に向合う形で正面の席に着き、剣・璽及び国璽・御璽を侍従が新天皇の前にある机に置く短い儀式が行われた。
- The new Emperor went to the Main Hall of Matsu of the Imperial Palace accompanying other Imperial Family members, guided by the Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency, he then sat down in the front seat facing the audience who attended the ceremony, there was a short ceremony with the chamberlain placing a sword and Ju and the seal of state and the Imperial Seal on the desk in front of the new Emperor.
- 天皇の黄櫨染御袍が中国の赭黄袍を起源として平安時代初期に導入された(それ以前の天皇の袍は白色であったと推定されている)のに対し、黄丹色の日本での起源は、より古い。
- While korozen no goho (a costume which an emperor puts on when he performs an important ritual), whose origin was shakoho (apricot-yellow robe made for the exclusive use of an emperor) of China, was imported in the early Heian period, the origin of oni no ho is earlier than that.
- 以後も猿楽界の第一人者として重きをなす一方、後継者の元雅、甥の元重(音阿弥)、女婿の金春禅竹、そして『談儀』の著者である元能など次世代の能楽師たちの指導に励んだ。
- And later on, while he was taking the important position in the world of sarugaku, he was actively engaged in instructing Noh actors in the next generation including Motomasa (his successor), his nephew Motoshige (Onami), Zenchiku KONPARU (his son-in-law) and Motoyoshi(the writer of 'Sarugaku dangi').
- 1986年(昭和61年)農林水産省の山村振興対策事業を導入し「三瓶製めん類加工生産組合」に組織改編して拠点となる加工場を建設、蕎麦産業の中心的役割を果たしている。
- In 1986, with implementation of a rural development project designed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kuichi Soba no Kai was reorganized as the Sanbe Noodle Manufacturing Association with the newly constructed processing plant as it business base and, thus, that association is playing a key role in the buckwheat industry of the area.
- しかし近年、道真主導による王朝国家体制への転換準備期であったが、時平により道真の政治の記録が抹殺されたため詳細が不明となっていたにすぎないとする意見が出されている。
- Recently, however, there is an opinion that it was a preliminary period to convert it into the system of the dynasty state lead by Michizane, and that details were not known because Tokihira destroyed the political records by Michizane.
- 1764年(宝暦14年)には大阪の客館で、対馬藩の通詞・鈴木伝蔵が杖で打ち据えられ、通信使一行の都訓導・崔天崇を夜中に槍を使って刺殺するという事件まで起こっている。
- In 1764, even the following incident occurred in a guest hall in Osaka: Denzo SUZUKI, an interpreter at the Tsushima Domain, was hit by a stick seriously, and for this, a Tushinshi interpreter (都訓導) Cheon-Jong CHOI was stabbed to death with a spear in at night.
- 乙名は元々、村落の祭祀を執り行う宮座(みやざ)の代表者をさしていたが、惣村の結合が宮座での儀式を中心として行われていたことから、惣村の指導者を意味するようになった。
- The Otona originally meant a representative of miyaza (organization of shrine parishioners in a hamlet), which executed religious services in a village; however, as the soson was connected mainly through a ceremony held at miyaza, Otona came to mean the leader of the soson.
- このため、後世紀伝道において主導的な立場に立った菅原氏が大学寮における自家の功績を顕彰するために、平安時代中期以後の学問料支給とこの史実を結び付けたと言われている。
- Therefore, it is said that the Sugawara clan, which later got the leading position in Kidendo, associated this historical fact with Gakumonryo of the mid-Heian period aiming to demonstrate the family's achievement at Daigaku-ryo.
- 段位は「剣道の技術的力量(精神的要素を含む)」、称号は「これに加え指導力や、識見などを備えた剣道人としての完成度」を示すものとして、審査(選考会)を経て授与される。
- Dan-i (qualification of rank) and titles are granted after an examination (selection match) in which 'technical skill of Kendo (including mental factors)' for Dan-i,' as well as titles pertaining to one's 'level of achievement as a Kendo person with leadership and discretion.'
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- 安喰善知の門人には、松江藩の支藩である母里藩10代藩主松平直哉の子で子爵となった松平直敬があり、学習院や皇室で茶の湯の指導にあたるなどして関東地方に雲州流を広めた。
- A disciple of Zenchi AJIKI, Naoyoshi MATSUDAIRA, who was a son of Naotoshi MATSUDAIRA of the 10th lord of the Mori Domain, a branch domain of Matsue Domain, and received the rank of viscount, spread Unshu-ryu school in the Kanto region by giving instructions on tea ceremony at the Gakushuin School Corporation and to the Imperial family.
- 以降、米国内における缶コーヒー『Starbucks DoubleShot』の発売(2002)や、加温可能な自社ブランドの自動販売機導入など積極的な市場展開を進める。
- After that, it actively developed the market by putting on the US market canned coffee, 'Starbucks Double Shot' (2002) and by introducing heating vending machines for its own brand products.
- 義元が隠居したため、家督を譲られて当主になったという説があるが、その後も義元は政治・軍事の主導権を掌握していたため、恐らくは形式的な家督相続であったものと思われる。
- One view states that because Yoshimoto retired he was made into the head of the family, but because Yoshimoto continued to hold administrative and military leadership the passing down of the family leadership was presumably only in form.
- また、これに関連して義材派の山城守護・伊勢貞陸(貞宗の子)が、山城国一揆を主導してきた国人層を懐柔して政元への抵抗を試み、また、政元も対抗策として同様の措置を採った。
- Also, in connection to this, the military governor of Yamashiro, Sadamichi ISE (the son of Sadamune), who was close to Yoshiki, won over the local samurai class who had led an uprising in Yamashiro Province and tried to resist Masamoto, and Masamoto used the same technique as a countermeasure.
- この年(和銅元年)、遷都を主導した藤原不比等は正二位、右大臣に進み、不比等の後妻、県犬養三千代は女帝の大嘗祭において杯に浮かぶタチバナとともに「橘宿禰」の姓を賜った。
- In this year (708), FUJIWARA no Fuhito, who led the transfer of the capital, was promoted to Shonii Udaijin (Senior Second Rank, Chief of the Imperial Japanese Council of State) and his second wife, Agata no INUKAI no Michiyo, was given the family name of 'Tachibana no Sukune' together with a tachibana (mandarin orange) floating in a cup on the occasion of Daijosai (first ceremonial offering of rice by newly enthroned Empress).
- 加えて明和5年(1768年)から寛永通寳真鍮當四文 (通貨単位)銭の鋳造を請負い、これ以降、文久永宝に至るまで四文銭の鋳造は銀座の指導監督のもと行われることとなった。
- The ginza later became responsible for minting the Kan'ei Tsuho shinchu-yonmon (currency unit) coin from 1768, marking the start of yonmon coin minting under the supervision of the ginza until the Bunkyu and Eiho periods
- そのため西洋画の技法研究も、蘭学者である平賀源内が外国人からの直接の指導を受けることなく、書物の挿画の模写などを通して独学で行っており、余技の域を出ないものであった。
- The techniques of Western paintings were studied by Gennai HIRAGA, a scholar of Dutch studies, by copying the illustrations in books, and since he painted in his own way without any direct guidance from Westerners, his study of the art was no better than painting as a hobby.
- 使用する笛に関しては神楽笛を用いることが厳重に指導されており、龍笛、篠笛等の笛は用いてはならないとされる(そもそも神楽笛以外の笛は音域が合わず、吹奏に適切ではない)。
- The flute used should be a kagura flute; other types of flutes, such as the ryuteki and shinobue, are not suitable as their pitch does not match the music in any way.
- 中世日本語には上代までに一旦消えた[p]が再び現れたが、[ɸ]と並立することから[ɸ] (音素/h/としておく)とは異なる、新しく導入された音素/p/として扱われる。
- In Middle Japanese the [p] sound, which had once disappeared before Old Japanese, appeared again but as it paralleled [ɸ], it was treated as a newly-introduced phoneme/p/, independent from [ɸ] (which is referred to as a phoneme/h/).
- 日常の計算を電卓の普及まで担い続けたそろばんは、いつ導入されたかは不明であるが、毛利重能の『割算書』(1622年、元和8年)ではそろばんを用いた計算が解説されている。
- Although it is not known when the abacus, used for everyday calculations until the time the electronic calculator became widely used, was introduced to Japan, there is an explanation of the method of calculating using an abacus in 'Warizan sho' (the Book of Division) written by Shigeyoshi MORI in 1622.
- その後、宮中や元老院 (日本)を舞台に谷干城・元田永孚らともに「天皇親政運動」を主導して、明治天皇を擁して伊藤博文ら政府要人の排除に動いたために「中正党」と称された。
- Following this, SASAKI, along with Tateki TANI and Nagazane MOTODA, spearheaded the 'Direct Imperial Rule Movement' in and around the Imperial Court and Chamber of Elders, called the 'Chusei Party' (sitting politically midway between the those advocating the Meiji oligarchy and those pushing for freedom and peoples' rights) for taking action to remove the authority of important government men such as Hirobumi ITO and embracing Emperor Meiji.
- そのほか、阪堺鉄道(南海電気鉄道の前身)、山陽鉄道(日本国有鉄道に吸収)、宇治川水力電気(関西電力の前身)、北浜銀行(後に三和銀行)などの創設に指導的役割を果たした。
- In addition, he took a leading role in the founding of Hankai Railway (predecessor of Nankai Electric Railway), Sanyo Railway (acquired by Japanese National Railways), Uji River Hydroelectric (predecessor of Kansai Electric Power Company), and Kitahama Bank (latter-day Sanwa Bank).
- 佐賀の乱、神風連の乱、秋月の乱、萩の乱など士族の反乱が続く中で、明治10年(1877年)に私学校生徒の暴動から起こった西南戦争の指導者となるが、敗れて城山で自刃した。
- While the Shizoku-no-Hanran (rebellion of warrior class), Saga-no-ran War (turmoil of Saga), Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group), Akizuki-no-ran War (turmoil of Akizuki), and Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) were going on, he became a leader in the Seinan War, which started due to students of Shigakko in 1877, but he lost at Shiroyama and committed suicide.
- このため、彼らに代わって寛文6年(1666年)には酒井忠清が大老に就任し、治世後半の寛文・延宝期には忠清の主導のもと老中合議制と家綱自身の上意により幕政が運営された。
- As a result, in the last half of Ietsuna's reign (the Kanbun and the Enpo eras), Tadakiyo SAKAI assumed the position of Tairo in 1666 to replace the Iro retainers and the bakufu came to be administered by the orders of Ietsuna himself with a Roju council system under the leadership of Tadakiyo.
- 西暦600~700年にかけて律令制の導入に成功した藤原氏、特に藤原北家が東国においてもその基盤を確立した(宇都宮氏、小田氏、那須氏、小山氏、結城氏、佐野氏、比企氏等)。
- The Fujiwara clan successfully introduced the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) between the years 600 and 700; specifically, one of the Fujiwara clan lines, the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, established its foundations in Togoku (the Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the Nasu clan, the Koyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan, the Hiki clan, etc.).
- 日本では古墳時代に古墳の副葬品として馬具が見られることからこの頃に乗馬文化が導入され、軍事的利用される馬の育成は日本列島の各地へ広まり、特に東国において分布が拡大する。
- From seeing the harness as burial goods of the old tomb it proved that a cavalry horse culture started at the tumulus period in Japan, and then raising horses for military use spreaded to various places in the Japanese Islands, especially the distribution expanded in the eastern country.
- 一般的なカレンダーなどにはこれまで広く用いられてきたが、行政をはじめとする公共機関が作成するカレンダーでは使用せず、掲載を取り止めるよう行政指導を行っている機関もある。
- It has been widely used in ordinary calendars, but has not been used in calendars made by public institutions like government and some public institutions provide administrative guidance to order not to list it.
- 役所で取り扱う文書には元号を使うこと、印鑑を押すこと、定められた形式に従って作成された文書以外は受理しないこと等々の、文書と手続きの形式を重視した文書主義が導入された。
- A document-based principle, attaching importance to the format of documents and procedures was introduced, which gave regulations such as using only the era name in the documents handled by government offices, affixing seals, accepting only the documents created in accordance with the predetermined format, and so on.
- 名塩でも弥右衛門を名乗り、優れた越前の鳥の子の製紙技術を指導し、さらに改良や普及に尽力して、その業績を高く評価されて名塩鳥の子の始祖と讃えられるようになったと思われる。
- It seems he also used the name Yaemon in Najio, taught the superior technique of torinoko manufacturing in Echizen, and made efforts in improving and disseminating it, so his achievements were highly esteemed and he was admired as the originator of Najio torinoko.
- 平安時代には最澄による天台宗、空海による真言宗の導入による密教の流行、末法思想・浄土信仰の隆盛などの契機を経験し、貴族層や都周辺の人々による仏教信仰は拡大しつつあった。
- In the Heian period, Esoteric Buddhism became popular in accordance with the introductions of the Tendai sect by Saicho and the Shingon sect by Kukai, and Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) and Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) were in full flourish, and as a result, more and more nobles and people around the capital came to believe in Buddhism.
- 下鴨神社の祭神賀茂建角身命は八咫烏の化身であり、神武東征に際し太陽神天照大神とタカミムスビの令をうけ、金鵄(金色のトビ。八咫烏とも)に化身して神武天皇を先導したという。
- The enshrined deity, Kamo Taketsunumi no mikoto in Shimogamo-jinja Shrine is an incarnation of yatagarasu, and he guided the Emperor Jinmu by turning himself into a golden kite (also called yatagarasu) under the ordinance of Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) and Takamimusubi at the time of Jimmu tosei (the first generation of the Imperial family).
- こうした経緯から戦後の日本国憲法では政治の場から神国思想を排除するために、政教分離原則の厳格化と信教の自由の導入が行われ、日本社会の表舞台から神国思想は退く事になった。
- Considering the above, the strict principle of separation of government and religion, and the freedom of religion in the Constitution of Japan were later introduced to rid Shinkoku belief from politics, and it appeared that belief in Shinkoku was wiped from the surface of Japanese society.
- 当初は瀬戸焼を中心にして唐物を模倣して作られていたが(特に「古瀬戸」(ふるせと)と呼ぶ)、江戸時代になると小堀遠州などの指導で日本独自の形式が生み出されるようになった。
- At first most pieces of Kuniyaki chaire were Seto-yaki (Seto ware), made in imitation of karamono (such pieces are specially called 'huru-seto' (old Seto ware)) but during the Edo period Japan's original type of chaire was created under the coaching of Enshu KOBORI.
- 明治10年(1877年)、2月6日、火薬庫襲撃事件・中原尚雄の西郷刺殺計画を聞いて開かれた私学校本校での大評議は、桐野主導で議論され、大軍を率いて北上することに決した。
- On February 6 in 1877, when a conference was held in the Shigakko main campus to consider taking countermeasures in the attack on the explosives warehouse and the assassination plan of Saigo intrigued by Hisao NAKAHARA, discussions were led by Kirino and it was decided to make the large troops go to the north with them.
- 二行章では、善導の『観無量寿経疏』(就行立信釈)などをうけて、五正行のなか、称名念仏こそ、仏願にかなった往生の正定業であることを説明し、雑行は捨てるべきであることを示す。
- Nigyosho explains that, based on 'Kammuryojukyosho' (Jugyo Risshin Jaku) by Shandao, invocation of the Buddha's Name is the very Shojo no go (a Rightly Established Practice) for birth in the Pure Land that meets the way of Buddha among the five shogyo (right practices), and encourages people to do away with zogyo (miscellaneous practices).
- 株式会社京都アニメーション(きょうとアニメーション、英語表記:)はアニメーションの企画・製作およびアニメーション制作に関する技術指導を主な事業内容とする日本の企業である。
- Kyoto Animation Co., Ltd. is a Japanese corporation engaged in the design and production of animation as well as technical guidance related to animation production.
- 後進の指導にもあたり、市村羽左衛門 (15代目)、中村鴈治郎 (初代)、松本幸四郎 (7代目)、尾上菊五郎 (6代目)、中村歌右衛門 (5代目)などの有望な若手を育てた。
- He taught and trained promising young actors including Uzaemon ICHIMURA (the 15th), Ganjiro NAKAMURA (the first), Koshiro MATSUMOTO (the seventh), Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth), Utaemon NAKAMURA (the fifth) and others.
- 1997年 醍醐寺境内に父・真乗・母・友司の功績を顕彰する「真如三昧耶堂」が建立され、醍醐寺金堂において、同寺一千年の歴史の中で、有髪の尼僧としては初めての導師を務めた。
- In the ceremony held at the Kondo hall of Daigo-ji Temple in 1997 for commemorating the establishment of the Shinnyo Sanmayado Hall aiming to praise her father Shinjo and her mother Tomoji publicly for their distinguished service, she managed the ceremony as a doshi (officiating monk), who became the first not-tonsured priestess to serve as the doshi in the temple's 1,000 years history.
- しかし、家老小松清廉(帯刀)や大久保の後押しで復帰し、元治元年(1864年)の禁門の変以降に活躍し、薩長同盟の成立や王政復古 (日本)に成功し、戊辰戦争を巧みに主導した。
- But again he returned, supported by Kiyokado KOMATSU, who was the chief retainer (to belt on a sward) and after Kimmon no Hen (Conspiracy of Kimmon) in 1864, he was very active, and succeeded forming the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and the Restoration of the Monarchy (Japan), and took initiative in the Boshin War.
- 尊氏が一時形勢不利で九州へ西下している間は新田義貞の勢力を赤穂郡の白旗城で釘付けにして、延元元/建武 (日本)3年(1336年)の湊川の戦いが尊氏を勝利に導く遠因を作った。
- While Takauji withdrew westward to Kyushu on the backfoot, the clan blocked the force of Yoshisada NITTA at Shirahata-jo Castle in Ako County, and in the Battle of Minato-gawa River in 1336, its performance became an underlying cause to Takauji's victory.
- また清でも1860年代から漢人官僚曽国藩、李鴻章らによる近代化の試みとして洋務運動が展開され中国の伝統的な文化、制度を土台としながら軍事を中心として西洋技術の導入を進めた。
- Qing had also been introducing western technologies centering on military ones based on Chinese traditional culture; bureaucrats of the Han race including Zeng Guofan and Li Hung Chang promoted the Western Affairs Movement in an attempt to modernize China.
- 長らく二刀流が否定されていたため、また上記の通り竹刀の長さ、および二刀流の相手に対しては胸突きが認められるというハンディがあるため、指導者、使用者とも少ないのが現状である。
- The present situation is that both coaches and contenders of Nito-ryu are small in number, due to the facts that Nito-ryu has been denied for a long time, that Shinai of different lengths are used as above, and that a contender of Nito-ryu is allowed to make Mune-tsuki to the other contender, which is a handicap for the latter.
- 各卸売市場への配分は過去の消費実績などを基に水産庁や有識者による検討で決定され、その後も公的性格を有する産品として農林水産省総合食料局流通課による指導の下で取引されている。
- The allotment to each wholesale market is determined through investigations by the Fisheries Agency and experts concerned, based on past consumption data, and even actual transactions, after the allotment, are made under guidance of Commerce and Marketing Division Ministry of Agriculture, General Food Policy Bureau, Forestry and Fisheries.
- ハイデルベルク大学・テュービンゲン大学などでハインリヒ・フォン・トライチュケやレオポルト・フォン・ランケの指導を受け1891年(明治24年)テュービンゲン大学で博士号取得。
- Supervised by Heinrich von Treitschke and Leopold von Ranke at the University of Heidelberg, University of Tubingen, and the like, Mitsukuri received his doctorate from the University of Tubingen in 1891.
- 明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
- Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.
- 同じころ幕府でも安達泰盛が主導する徳政が行われており、亀山と泰盛とのあいだには文化交流など個人的なつながりもあることから、公武両徳政には密接な連関があるものと考えられている。
- At the same time, the bakufu had political reforms led by Yasumori ADACHI, it is thought that there was a close relationship between virtuous governments in both Imperial and Military courts due to the fact that there were cultural exchanges at the individual level between Kameyama and Yasumori.
- 養老律令以後、日本では律令の編纂は行われなくなり、遣唐使の廃止によって中国律令の導入もなくなったが、当然のことながら中国ではその後も歴代王朝で律令の編纂や改訂が行われてきた。
- Since the Yoro code, there has been no compilation of ritsuryo in Japan, and with the abolition of the Japanese envoy to China in the Tang dynasty, Chinese ritsuryo was no longer being introduced, but naturally, compilation and revision of ritsuryo continued in successive dynasties in China.
- 一方、安政条約に明記されながらいまだに朝廷の許可が無いため開港されていなかった兵庫(神戸港)問題を巡って、英国公使ハリー・パークスが主導する英仏蘭米連合艦隊が兵庫沖に迫った。
- Meanwhile, a combined fleet led by Harry PARKES, a British diplomat, arrived offshore of Hyogo (current Kobe Port), which was designated as a port by the Ansei treaty, but was not opened because the imperial court refused to give permission.
- そのような状況のなか、大和猿楽の一座である結崎座より 観阿弥(觀阿彌)が現れ、旋律にとんだ「曲舞(くせまい)」(白拍子の芸)などを導入して従来の猿楽に大きな革新をもたらした。
- Under such circumstances, Kanami of Yusakiza, a troupe of Yamato sarugaku, introduced melodious 'kusemai' (music and dance with a fan along with a tsuzumi, a Japanese traditional hand drum) (the art of shirabyoshi - a woman who performs Japanese traditional dance called shirabyoshi) and innovated traditional sarugaku.
- 「聖道門」を廃し、浄土宗の独立を宣言し、そのよりどころを三経一論(「浄土三部経」と『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈』)と定め、それが、曇鸞・道綽・善導などの師資相承によることを示す。
- It abolishes the 'Shodo-mon,' declares the independence of the Jodo Sect, designates three sutras and a thesis ('Jodo Sanbu-kyo' [The Three Pure Land Sutras] and 'Muryoju-kyo ubataisha ganshoge') as their basis, and demonstrates that these concepts were instructed generation-to-generation from master to disciple by Donran, Tao-cho, Shandao and other masters.
- 吉政は浄土系宗派の仏教徒で、菩提寺である真教寺、金戒光明寺、善導寺など浄土系仏教寺院を含む、多くの仏教寺院の再興(改修・寺町の造営など)にも力を尽くし、仏教の保護にも努めた。
- He was also a Jodo (Pure Land) sect Buddhist, so he concentrated his energy on restoration (repair and construction of temple districts) of many Buddhist temples including his family temple: Shinkyo-ji Temple, Konkai Komyo-ji Temple, Zendo-ji Temple and other Jodo sect temples, and endeavored to protect Buddhism.
- これらの諸勢力を抑えて国政の主導権を確保するため、白河は自らの手足である院近臣や親衛隊ともいえる北面武士を、受領・太政官・兵衛府・衛門府などの公的機関に強引に送り込んでいった。
- To suppress such opposition and maintain initiative in the national government, Shirakawa forcibly sent members of the Hokumen no bushi (northern guards), who were his close aids and royal guard, into official positions such as Zuryo (career provincial officials), Daijokan (council of state), Hyoefu (military guards), and Emonfu (outer palace guards).
- 義詮の死後は、足利幕府は幼い将軍足利義満を補佐した管領細川頼之の指導により、南朝方の中心的武将であった楠木正儀(正成の子)を帰順させるなど対南朝工作を行い、幕府体制を確立する。
- After Yoshiakira died, governance over the shogunate fell to the Kanrei Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, acting as advisor to the young Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA; under Yoriyuki's direction, the shogunal system was firmly established, and the Northern Court launched various maneuvers against the Southern Court, including forcing Masanori KUSUNOKI (son of Masashige), the Southern Court's chief military commander, to switch allegiance to the Northern Court.
- 明治になると、図書館が設置されるようになり、図書館に置いてある資料のリストである図書目録を作成するための図書館学の技術として資料組織論や図書分類法などが導入されるようになった。
- When libraries were established in the Meiji Period, the principle of library material organization and the method of book classification were introduced as techniques of library science to make tosho mokuroku (library catalogue).
- このように相手との接触点を通じ技を掛ける機微と一連のプロセスを「結び」「導き」「崩し」と言い、合気道の技の大切な要素として、また精神理念に通じるものとしても強調することがある。
- Such subtlety and series of processes for applying techniques to the opponent through the contact point are called 'musubi' (a link between the attacker and the defender), 'lead' and 'kuzushi,' and are emphasized as important elements of aikido techniques and in connection with the spiritual principle.
- 外国語で意味が近いものに「coquetterie」「esprit」などを挙げたが、形式を抽象化することによって導き出される類似・共通点をもって文化の理解としてはならないとした。
- While he mentioned that foreign words such as 'coquetterie' and 'esprit' have a similar meaning, he argued that common or similar points derived through the abstraction of forms should not be used to understand a culture.
- また、原料となる酒米を調達する場合においても、大型機械を導入し大規模栽培が行えるような地理的条件に恵まれた地域(国)では、極めて有利な条件で日本酒の醸造を行うことが可能となる。
- In procuring sakamai as raw material, sake can be brewed with very favorable conditions in areas (countries) with favorable geographical conditions that allow large-scale cultivation using large machines.
- 地域住民を主体とする伝統的祭礼と異なり行政主導である事が多く、宗教的側面が薄く伝統的制約が少ないため集客を目的としたさまざまな趣向が凝らされて華やかなイベントとなる傾向にある。
- Unlike a traditional festival managed directly by local residents, urban festivals are often initiated by local governments and, since they have few religious characteristics or traditional restrictions, tend to be flamboyant with lots of events in order to attract crowds.
- 一方で鳥取藩の支藩鳥取東館の池田仲雅が志野流の茶道を好み、流祖像を作り大谷平奉弘を茶頭として志野流茶道を指導させたことから、志野流の元来の茶道が因幡地方に伝来することになった。
- On the other hand, the original tea ceremony style of the Shino school was passed on in the Inaba region because Nakamasa IKEDA, the lord of the Tottori Higashi Yakata, which was the branch domain of Tottori, preferred the style of the Shino school of the tea ceremony, built the statue of its founder, and let 大谷平奉弘 teach that style as sado (a person in charge of the tea ceremony).
- 昭和57年(1982年)、清涼飲料水業界に表面をプラスティック・フィルムで保護した軽量ワンウェイ壜が導入され、これを利用して昭和58年(1983年)炭酸飲料サワーが発売された。
- In 1982, the light one way bottle, whose surface was coated with plastic film, was introduced in the soft drink industry, and in 1983, carbonated drink sours were sold using it.
- 今まで農業協同組合(金融部門)は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
- Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.
- ただし西洋式の絵画などを導入した動機の最大のものは建築や都市計画などの設計のためというもので、工部美術学校などがその舞台となり、芸術という概念は政府にもなじみの薄いものであった。
- The Japanese government introduced the Western-style paintings and other culture mainly because it wanted to learn architecture and city planning from the West, and the Technical Fine Arts School and others played a central role in learning, but the government itself was not familiar with the concept of geijutsu.
- 政府は早急に西洋式の「ファイン・アート」(純粋美術)を導入してヨーロッパ諸国に恥じない芸術の体裁を整えようとし、一方日本の諸派の絵画などは旧弊なものとみなされ存続の危機に陥った。
- The Japanese government hurried to build a façade of geijutsu (art and other artistic skills) that could match the European countries' geijutsu through the introduction of the Western-style fine arts, while the traditional Japanese paintings of various schools faced a crisis of existence because they were deemed old-fashioned.
- 材料である帆布を倉敷帆布の納入先の一つである岡山県の業者からの仕入れに切り替え、一澤喜久夫(四男)の技術指導の下、従前の帆布かばんを再現し、2006年10月16日より営業を再開。
- Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. changed to get in materials (sailcloth) from a company in Okayama Prefecture, one of the companies to which Kurashiki Hanpu (Kurashiki sailcloth) was delivered, and began its business again on October 16, 2006 under technical assistance of Kikuo ICHIZAWA (the fourth son) to reproduce the conventional hanpu kaban (sailcloth bag).
- 久寿2年(1155年)に近衛天皇が死去すると、皇位継承者を決定する王者議定は、鳥羽、美福門院、藤原忠通、信西らの主導の下、重仁親王と守仁親王を候補者として審議されることとなった。
- In 1155, after Emperor Konoe died, it was discussed by Emperor Toba, Bifuku mon in, FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and Shinzei, in the Emperor's agreement to decide upon the imperial successor, the two candidates being Imperial Prince Shigehito and Imperial Prince Morihito.
- しかし、西郷の行動は、その大半が大義名分にもとづく行動であるという面から見れば、その積極的な行動は朱子学から導き出されたものであるとも言え、どのくらい影響を受けたは判然としない。
- But, viewing it from the perspective that Saigo's activity was mostly based on the theory of legitimate reasons, his aggressive activity might have been inspired by Chu His, but it's not clear how much he was influenced by it.
- その後、政治を主導する藤原信西と後白河院政派(藤原信頼・藤原成親・源師仲)・二条親政派(藤原経宗・藤原惟方)の対立が激しくなり、3年後の平治元年(1159年)に平治の乱が起こった。
- Later, the conflict between FUJIWARA no Shinzei, who led the government and the Goshirakawa cloister government group (FUJIWARA no Nobuyori, FUJIWARA no Narichika, MINAMOTO no Moronaka), and Nijo Shinsei (direct Imperial rule) group (FUJIWARA no Tsunemune, FUJIWARA no Korekata) intensified, and the Heijo no ran (Heiji Rebellion) occurred three years later in 1159.
- これ以降、力を失った本願寺に代わって織田氏に服属しようとする鈴木氏と、それに反対する反織田派との間で争いが起こり、鈴木孫一は1582年に土橋氏の当主を殺害、雑賀衆の主導権を握った。
- Then, within Saigato, a confrontation arose between the group that insisted the submission to the Oda clan, instead of supporting Hongan-ji Temple which had lost its influence, and the anti-Oda group who was opposed to it, then Magoichi SUZUKI killed the head of the Tsuchihashi clan in 1582, the Suzuki clan gripped the leadership of Saigashu.
- 大村は5月1日、旧幕府による江戸府中取締の任を解き、東北地方、越後で仙台藩主導による北部政府(奥羽越列藩同盟)が誕生した直後の5月15日 (旧暦)(同7月4日)、彰義隊を攻撃した。
- On June 20, OMURA dismissed the former Shogunate from the task of patrolling the Edo-futyu, and attacked the Shogitai on July 4 right after the Sendai Domain-led Northern government (Ouetsu-reppan alliance) was established in the Tohoku Region and Echigo.
- 六月の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が殺されると政治的混乱の中「代初めの徳政」を求めて(天下一同の徳政令)京都近江坂本の馬借を中心に農民が蜂起、地侍が指導し、数万人の一揆にふくれあがった。
- In the political turmoil after the assassination of Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in the Kakitsu War, the farming population lead by bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in Omi Sakamoto in Kyoto rose up in rebellion to demand 'daihajime-no-tokusei (acts of virtuous government requested at shogun replacement)' (Tenkaichido no Tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order for all throughout the country)), which was directed by jizamurai (local samurai) and lead to an uprising by tens of thousands of people.
- 全日本学生自治会総連合では少数派(非主流派)であった所感派の思想的・政治的影響下にあった当時の同学会(京都大学の全学学生自治会)は、1950年度のレッド・パージ粉砕闘争を主導した。
- Dogakukai (students' self-governing association of Kyoto University) which was under the philosophical/political influence of the Shokan sect, a minority group (a non-mainstream faction) of the All-Japan Federation of Students' Self-governing Associations, played a leading role in the anti Red Purge struggle in 1950.
- 日本では、大胆な敵前回頭戦法(丁字戦法)により日本を勝利に導いた世界的な名提督として、『陸の乃木 海の東郷』と乃木希典陸軍大将と並び称され、日露戦争の英雄として国民の尊敬を集めた。
- With the saying 'Nogi of the land, Togo of the sea' he was classed with General Maresuku NOGI as the world-famous admiral who led Japan to victory by the daring Crossing the T tactic, and was much revered by the people as a hero of the Russo-Japanese War.
- この他に、明治8年(1875年)4月には西郷と大山県令との交渉で確保した荒蕪地に、桐野利秋が指導し、永山休二・平野正介らが監督する吉野開墾社(旧陸軍教導団生徒を収容)もつくられた。
- And the other is the Yoshino-Kaikonsha school (Kyu-Rikugun Kyododan Seito (students of former Imperial Army's school)), which Toshiaki KIRINO lead and Kyuji NAGAYAMA and Shosuke HIRANO supervised, and it was established in the wasteland that was secured by negotiation between Saigo and Kenrei OYAMA on April 1875.
- この逸話は家綱自身が幕政指導者としての指導力を発揮できず酒井忠清の専制を示すものとしても引用されているが、辻達也や福田千鶴らは幕政の意思決定における将軍上意の重要性を指摘している。
- While this anecdote indicate the Tadakiyo SAKAI's autocracy and Ietsuna's inability to display leadership as head of the bakufu, Tatsuya TUJI and Chizuru FUKUDA point out the importance of the Shogun's wishes in decision making in the bakufu administration.
- 刑法にあたる6巻の「律(りつ)」はほぼ唐律をそのまま導入しているが、現代の行政法および民法などにあたる11巻の「令(りょう)」は唐令に倣いつつも日本社会の実情に則して改変されている。
- Ritsu' consisting of 6 volumes which was equivalent to a criminal law followed Toritsu (codes in the Tang era) almost as it was, but 'Ryo' consisting of 11 volumes which was equivalent to a present-day administrative law and the Civil Code was compiled by amending Torei (codes in the Tang era) so as to conform to actual conditions of Japanese society while following it.
- 律令制の導入により社会構造が変化し、豪族らが単なる共同体の首長から私的所有地を持つ領主的な性格を持つようになるに伴い、共同体による祭祀に支えられた従来の神祇信仰は行き詰まりを見せた。
- As the social structure changed by introducing the system of the ritsuryo legal codes, local ruling families, who were simply the head of a community, became like feudal-lords with private property, and the conventional Jingi belief supported the religious service by a community was in a deadlock.
- 研究所は、会館の建設は研究所の事業として行われ、行政当局からの補助金も研究所が受給したことなど、会館完成までの一連の事業を研究所が主導した事実を挙げて研究所が管理権を持つと主張した。
- The Institute of Buraku Problem showed the facts that a series of operations were led by the Institute until the Hall was complete, the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall construction was performed as the Institute's project, and the Institute received a subsidy from the government and so on, claiming a custodial right for the Institute of Buraku Problem.
- この7代如心斎らが行った組織改革は後世に千家流茶道を伝える基盤整備である一方で、単なる指導方法の変更のみならず、小規模空間で小人数をもてなすわび茶の世界を大きく変えていくことになる。
- The organizational reform carried out by the key Senke persons including Joshinsai (the 7th) developed the foundation to hand down the Senke school of tea ceremony to future generations and, on the other hand, it not only changed the method of teaching but also the world of wabicha (tea ceremony of austere refinement), which was designed to entertain a small group of people in a minuscule space.
- 1894年(明治27年)から1895年にかけての日清戦争に勝利した明治政府は、安全醸造の行なえる醸造業の近代化も国家戦略の一部としてとらえ、西洋の微生物学を導入して積極的に支援した。
- The Meiji government, which won the Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895, regarded the modernization of brewery industry which enabled safe brewing as part of national strategy and aggressively supported it by introducing microbiology of Western countries.
- 特に、戦国時代初期にあっては、勘合貿易および一種の密貿易である私貿易といった日明間の貿易によって、明から舶来品だけでなく大量の銅銭の導入を図り、貨幣経済の確立をなしとげる段階にあった。
- In particular, the beginning of the Sengoku Period was a stage in which money economy was established, through trade between Japan and Ming such as the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty) and private trade, which was a kind of smuggling, by introducing from the Ming, not only import articles but also a large quantity of copper coins.
- 一方三条実美ら長州過激派の公家は文久3年8月18日の政変以来、京から追放されたままであり、岩倉ら少数の倒幕派公家は家柄が低かったため影響力はあっても朝廷内の主導権を握れてはいなかった。
- Meanwhile, court nobles belonging to the radical party for Choshu including Sanetomi SANJO had been expelled from Kyoto after a coup on September 30, 1863, and few court nobles of tobakuha such as Iwakura had not been able to hold initiative in the Imperial Court due to their humble family lineage, although they were influential.
- 井伊大老が試みていた、幕政を雄藩との協調体制から幕閣主導型に回帰させ、朝廷の政治化を阻止する、という路線が破綻したばかりか、幕府の権威も失墜し、幕末の尊王攘夷運動が激化する端緒となる。
- The Ii Tairo's policy to prevent the Imperial Court from taking initiatives in politics by removing the coalition of dominant clans from government in favor of the Shogunate government failed, and, not only that, but the authority of the Shogunate had begun to fade, leading to the escalation of the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement that supported the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- もっとも、寄進系荘園の一般的形態は、自分の私領だけの寄進ではなく、その周辺の国衙領も切り取る(加納)形で行われるし、必ずしも在地領主の主導で行われた訳ではないことにも注意は必要である。
- The common form of donated manors did not just involve a private manor, but (Kano) a style that carved out Kokugaryo and was not under control of the local lord.
- 平成元年(1989年)、高等学校学習指導要領改訂にともない、「格技」は「武道」に改められ、これまで「格技」ではなく「個人種目」に含まれていた弓道は、「武道」の領域に含まれる事になった。
- In 1989, with the revision of the government course guidelines for high school, 'combative sports' was changed to 'martial arts,' and Kyudo, which was placed under 'individual events' instead of 'combative sports,' was included in the 'martial arts' domain.
- しかしながら、まだ科学的再現性というものが導入されていなかったこのころの醸造業界では、今日に比べると技術が拙なく、いかに良い酒米を用いても醸造しているうちに腐ってしまうことも多かった。
- However, the brewing industry during this period when scientific reproducibility was not introduced, the technique was poorer than that of today and sake often putrefied during brewing in spite of using good rice for sake brewing.
- ※注:1872年(明治5年)に太陽暦を導入し、明治5年12月2日(1872年12月31日)の次の日(1873年1月1日)を「明治6年1月1日」と定めた(明治5年太政官布告第337号)。
- *In 1872 the solar calendar was introduced, and the day following December 31, 1872, (January 1, 1873) was decided as January 1, Meiji 6. (The No. 337 proclamation of the Grand Council of State in Meiji 5)
- 沢村一之は『古今算法記』で中国の天元術、すなわち一変数の代数方程式とその数値的解法を導入し、また、同書の遺題で天元術では扱えない複数の変数をもった代数方程式を必要とする問題を提出した。
- Kazuyuki SAWAMURA introduced Tengen-jutsu (an algebra developed during 13th century China), which was an algebra equation for a variable number and its numerical method of solution, in his book 'Kokon Sanpo-ki' (Old and New Mathematics), and he further presented a problem that required an algebra equation containing various numbers that could not be solved using only Tengen-jutsu as an idai to the book.
- 8月、利家が越中への先導の役を果たし豊臣秀吉が10万の大軍を率いて攻め込むと成政は降伏し、嫡子前田利長に越中国のうち砺波・射水・婦負の3郡を加増され、父子で三ヶ国を領する大大名となる。
- In September, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI invaded Ecchu Province taking a large force of 100,000 men with Toshiie working as a leading guide there, Narimasa surrendered, so that Toshiie's legitimate child Toshinaga MAEDA had three counties of Tonami, Imizu and Nei added in Ecchu Province, with the result that they became a great daimyo who owned three provinces governed by a father and a son.
- さらに敗北後の事態収拾に当主だった義統ではなく隠居していた宗麟が家臣団の要請を受けて出馬していることから、耳川の戦いは宗麟ではなく義統主導によるものだったのではないかとも言われている。
- Judging from the fact that Sorin was retiring and not the family head, Yoshishige took part in dealing with the state after the defeat at the requests from vassals, it is said that the Battle of Mimi-kawa was mainly led by Yoshishige, not Sorin.
- 1761年(宝暦11年)に制定された「刑法草書」は「徒刑」(懲役刑)制度や保護観察制度、除墨制度を導入した進歩的な法体系であるが、その編纂は明律を参考にしたところが大きいと言われている。
- The 'Keiho sosho,' established in 1761, was a progressive legal system introducing the 'penal servitude' (imprisonment) system, probation system, and tattoo removal system, and is known to have largely consulted the Ming code compilation.
- 沙河では両軍の対陣が続いていたが、ロシア軍は新たに前線に着任したオスカル・フェルディナント・グリッペンベルク大将の主導のもと、1月25日に日本軍の最左翼に位置する黒溝台方面で攻勢に出た。
- While the confrontation across the Saka river continued, the Russian Army took the offensive on January 25 under the command of General Oskar-Ferdinand Grippenberg newly assigned to the front line in the Kokkodai area located on the extreme left wing of the Japanese Army.
- しかし陶器は重量があり破損しやすいため、昭和30年代からそれらに代わって、半透明の厚いビニールの本体部分に黄緑色のプラスチックのスクリューキャップ(ネジ式の蓋)の付いた小瓶が導入された。
- However, as earthenware was heavy and fragile, a small bottle with a translucent, thick vinyl made body and a yellowish green-colored plastic made cap (a screw type lid) were introduced instead of a ceramic bottle in the late 1950s to the early 1960s.
- 8代・幟仁親王(1812年-1886年)は、國學院大学の前身である皇典講究所や神道教導職の総裁に任ぜられ、明治天皇、和宮親子内親王の学問師範を務めた功績を以って大勲位菊花大綬章を賜った。
- The eighth successor, Prince Takahito (1812-1886), was ordered to become the president of Koten Kokyu sho (the former Kokugakuin University) and Shinto Kyodo shoku; after teaching Emperor Meiji and Princess Kazuno miya Chikako in various studies, he was given the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum in recognition of his achievements as a teacher.
- 特に保科正之を主導者にして外様大名などに一定の配慮を行ない、末期養子の禁を緩和し、さらに殉死禁止令が出されるなど、これまでの武力に頼った武断政治から、文治政治への政策切り替えが行われた。
- In particular, under the leadership of Masayuki HOSHINA, the bakufu changed its existing policy of military backing to a civilian government by relaxing the Matsugo yoshi no kin (ban on adoption of an heir on one's deathbed) and issuing orders to forbid following one's master to the grave, partly to combat the influence of the many daimyo who were not hereditary retainers of the Tokugawa family.
- 明治に入り、近代歴史学が導入されると、歴史は、同時代史料や、同時代史料に基づくと推定される良質の編纂史料に根拠を持つものによってのみ叙述されるべきだという原則が広く承認されるようになった。
- After the introduction of the study of modern history in the Meiji period, the principle that history should be described on the basis of historical documents at the same period or compiled historical documents in good quality, being considered to have been based on documents at the same period, was widely approved.
- 特に日本画に関心が深く、学習院初等科を卒業した時の作文には正倉院、唐招提寺、京都御所において美術を鑑賞し、奈良鳥類研究所において鳥を描く際の心得についての指導を受けた出来事が記されている。
- She is especially interested in Japanese style painting and on the occasion of her graduation from Gakushuin Primary School she wrote an essay to the effect that she had enjoyed looking at art work in the Shosoin Treasure Repository, Toshodai-ji Temple, and the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and in the essay she also wrote about her experience of being instructed on hints about drawing birds at the Nara Institute for Ornithology.
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争を要因とした財政難や国際関係の問題などを理由に拒否した為、上原は軍部大臣現役武官制を利用して西園寺内閣を内閣総辞職へ追い込み、陸軍主導の内閣を成立させようと画策した。
- However, SAIONJI's refusal on grounds of fiscal problems stemming from the Russo-Japanese War and of issues of international relations led to UEHARA driving the Saionji administration to mass resignation by taking advantage of the law requiring that the military-related ministers to be named from among active-duty military officers in order to form an army-led administration.
- 明の冊封国であった李氏朝鮮に征明嚮導の意思はなく、秀吉は明への遠征のため先ず朝鮮の制圧を決め、文禄元年(1592年)4月(和暦。漢数字表記の月は以下同じ)、16万人の大軍を送ることとなる。
- The Yi Dynasty Korea, which had been Sakuho-koku (countries to confer a peerage with a Saku paper) of Ming, did not have the intention of leading troops to conquer Ming and Hideyoshi decided to conquer Korea at first in order to make a successful expedition to Ming and a large army of 160,000 were sent in May 1592 (according to the traditional Japanese calendar).
- しかし承久の乱(1221年)以降の天皇の権威の失墜は著しく、元寇に当たっての外交的処理や唐船派遣などの外国貿易など、いずれも鎌倉幕府の主導の下に行われており、武家一元化の動向を示していた。
- However, the loss of the Emperor's authority after the Jokyu War (1221) was remarkable, and like diplomatic efforts against Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and foreign trade, sending ships to Tang, they were both lead by the Kamakura Bakufu, and showed the unity of power amongst Buke.
- 神輿が神社の所有物であるのに対して、太鼓台は山車と同様に氏子地域からの出し物であることが多く、太鼓台の祭礼における役割は神幸祭のお供や先導(露払い)、および神前での練りによる奉納等である。
- While a mikoshi (a portable shrine) belongs to a shrine, a taikodai as well as a dashi usually belongs to the area of ujiko (shrine parishioners) who donate and maintain it, and the role of taikodai in rites and festivals is to accompany the Shinko-sai Festival (a kind of Shinto ritual; carrying the deity in a mikoshi from a shrine through the community), to lead its parades (tsuyuharai; a forerunner), and to dedicate them before the gods.
- 最大の戦いは胆沢とその周辺の蝦夷との戦いで、780年に多賀城を一時陥落させた宝亀の乱の伊治呰麻呂、789年に巣伏の戦いで遠征軍を壊滅させた阿弖流為(アテルイ)らの名がその指導者として伝わる。
- The biggest battle took place in Isawa, between Japan and the Emishi who lived nearby; some of the names of leaders of the battle include KOREHARI no Azamaro, who is known from Hoki no Ran, in which he once took control of Taga-jo Castle in 780, and Aterui, who wiped out the expeditionary force in the Battle of Subushi in 789.
- これは日本側の主導によるもので、変更の骨子は、第一に、朝鮮側の国書で徳川将軍の呼称を日本国王から日本国大君に変更すること(この「大君」呼称の考案者は京都五山の高僧・玉峰光璘である)であった。
- The Japan side led this change, and the main point of the change was to alter the terms for expressing the Tokugawa shogun in the sovereign's message on the Korean side from King of Japan to Tycoon of Japan (the term of tycoon was devised by Gyokuho Korin, a high priest at Five Great Zen Temples of Kyoto).
- 以降、この事件を口実に全ての社会主義者、アナキスト(無政府主義者)に対して取り調べや家宅捜索が行なわれ、根絶やしにする弾圧を、政府が主導、フレームアップ(政治的でっちあげ)したとされる事件。
- The Incident triggered the Japanese government to step up crackdowns on all the socialists and anarchists through investigations and house search and the government even faked treason cases in an effort to eradicate them.
- このような改革には積極的に西洋文明の先進制度が取り入れられ、その過程で、「お雇い外国人」と呼ばれる外国人が、技術指導、教育分野、官制・軍制整備など様々な分野で雇用され、近代国家建設を助けた。
- The developed systems of western civilization were positively adopted in this reform, and in this process foreigners called 'Employed Foreigner' were hired in various areas including technical assistance, education, consolidation of the organization of the central government, and military systems, to help Japan build a modern state.
- 受胎告知(3月25日)を新年とする暦は、ルーマニア, Dobruja 生まれの僧侶、ディオニュシウス・エクシグウス により西暦525年に導入され、中世ヨーロッパの多くの地域で用いられていた。
- A calendar which had its new year on the Annunciation (March 25th) was introduced in 525 by a monk Dionusius Exigus who was born in Dobruja in Rumania, and this calendar was used in many areas in medieval Europe.
- 岩手大学、新潟大学、筑波大学、東京学芸大学、静岡大学、福岡教育大学などの国公立大学では、書道に関する学科・専攻・学群・コース・領域が置かれ、大学院も併設し、有為な指導者の育成を目指している。
- National and public universities such as Iwate University, Niigata University, Tsukuba University, Tokyo Gakugei University, Shizuoka University, and Fukuoka University of Education have Shodo related department, major, faculty, course, field, and also a graduate school to educate capable instructors.
- 天平宝字4年(760年)仲麻呂は太師(太政大臣)となり、陸奥守兼鎮守将軍であった朝狩も陸奥国での功績(荒蝦夷を導いて天皇に順化させ、無血で雄勝城を完成させた)が認められ、従四位下に叙される。
- In 760, Nakamaro became Taishi (Grand Minister) and also Asakari, who was the Mutsu Chinju Shogun, was praised for his performance in Mutsu Province (He had constructed Okachinoki Castle without a blow by converting the Araemishi people to the Imperial system) and was given the position of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 一方でGHQは、指導命令・新聞発行停止命令などを使い「一億総懺悔論」の伸張を抑え、日本の戦争犯罪を当時の政府・軍のトップに負わせることを明確にすべく極東国際軍事裁判の準備にとりかかっている。
- On the other hand, GHQ tried to curb the spread of 'a national confession of Japanese war guilt' using guidance orders such as the order for prohibition of newspaper publication and so on, then started to prepare for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in an attempt to make it clear that government and military leaders must take the responsibility for the Japanese war crimes.
- こうした成果をうけて幕府は残虐刑を減らして「過料」「敲(たたき)」「入墨」などの新しい刑罰を導入したが、「享保の改革」自体が保守的な要素をもっていたため、幕府法の全面的な改訂には至らなかった。
- Such achievements led the bakufu to reduce cruel punishments and to introduce new punishments such as 'correctional fines,' 'beating,' and 'tattooing,' but due to the conservative factors of 'Kyoho-no-kaikaku (Kyoho reform)' itself, it did not lead to an overall revision of the bakufu law.
- なお明治維新の際、陰陽寮・土御門晴雄が太陽暦導入に反対して、太陰太陽暦に基づく改暦を企図したが、明治2年に晴雄の急逝により計画が中止されたために、天保暦が日本における最後の太陰太陽暦となった。
- Haruo TSUCHIMIKADO of the Bureau of Divination was against introducing the solar calendar and suggested a plan to change the calendar of the lunar solar calendar during the period of the Meiji Restoration, however after he died suddenly, this plan was cancelled and the Tenpo-reki became the last lunar solar calendar in Japan.
- 忠邦はまた、阿片戦争における清の敗北により、従来の外国船に対する異国船打払令を改めて薪水給与令を発令して柔軟路線に転換する一方、江川英龍や高島秋帆に西洋流砲術を導入させて、近代軍備を整えさせた。
- In response to the defeat of Qing Dynasty in the Opium Wars, Tadakuni shifted his foreign policy to more flexible one by amending the conventional edict to repel foreign vessels to the law to provide water and fuel for foreign ships, while he ordered Hidetatsu EGAWA and Shuhan TAKASHIMA to introduce the western style gunnery and the modern military buildup.
- 旧皇族との関連で言えば、準則は、伏見宮系の皇族を皇位継承者として確保することよりも、むしろ邦家親王の子孫からこれ以上宮家・皇族が増加することを抑制し、将来的には自然消滅に導くことを志向していた。
- Regarding the former Imperial Family, the purpose of the regulation was to prevent increasing the numbers of Miyake and prevent Imperial Family members spreading from among the Imperial Prince's descendants and to let it die out in the future accordingly, not to keep the Imperial succession from the Fushiminomiya line.
- これは、カリスマ的指導者である西郷に対抗して権威のある貴種を旗印として用いるためと、どちらか一方を総司令官にせずに、同じ中将の2人を副官に据えることで、陸軍と海軍の勢力争いを回避するためであった。
- This is because the government needed a person of noble birth with authority as their symbol to oppose the charismatic leader SAIGO and also had to avoid causing a power struggle between the Army and the Navy by appointing Lieutenant General and Vice Admiral to the seconds-in-command instead of appointing one of them to the supreme commander.
- しかし、これを機に主導権を握ろうとする薩摩藩と幕府・一橋慶喜の思惑の違いが絡んで横浜鎖港をめぐって対立、1864年(元治元年)2月に山内が帰国、3月には残る全員が辞表を提出してあっけなく瓦解した。
- However, conflict arose over the agenda of Yokohama-ko Port against the background of different purposes between Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI who aimed to protect the Shogunate and the Satsuma clan who aimed to take advantage of the Council to gain leadership, therefore, in February 1864 (according to the old lunar calendar) Yamauchi went back to his domain, and in the following March other members also resigned, consequently the Sanyo-kaigi was broken up.
- 明治初期に多くの柔術師範が藩指南役等の立場を失ったため、柔術は指導されなくなったように言われているが、実際には全国的に地方の村落などで逆に柔術が流行し、娯楽の一種のように受け入れられ大変広まった。
- After many jujutsu teachers lost their positions of an instructor at a clan in the early Meiji period, jujutsu is said to have got rare to be taught, but in fact, jujutsu became popular in local villages and other places nationwide, and it was loved like a kind of entertainment.
- 若年で即位して以来、大政奉還、王政復古と戊辰戦争、明治維新、日清戦争、日露戦争など、激動の幕末から明治時代を経験し、明治新政府、近代国家日本の指導者、象徴として、絶対君主として国民から畏敬された。
- He succeeded to the throne when he was young, then he experienced Taiseihokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Oseifukko (the restoration of Imperial rule), the Boshin War, the Meiji Restoration, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, difficult times from the last days of the bakufu era through to the Meiji period, and he was respected by the nation as the leader of the modern Japanese nation and a symbol, as a sovereign.
- 6月、父の織田信長が本能寺の変で死去してからは「信長の四男」としての名分を秀吉に政治的に利用され、山崎の戦いでは実兄信孝と共に弔い合戦の旗印とされ、秀吉が主導して行った信長の葬儀では喪主を務めた。
- After his biological father, Nobunaga ODA, died in the Honnoji Incident in June, Hidekatsu, 'the fourth son of Nobunaga', was often used by Hideyoshi politically; in the Battle of Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and his biological older brother, Nobutaka, were used as a banner of a battle of revenge, and also in the funeral ceremony of Nobunaga initiated by Hideyoshi, Hidekatsu took the role of the chief mourner.
- 聖武天皇朝になると、神亀6年(729年)長屋王の変により政権を掌握し、藤原四兄弟藤原四子政権でも中心人物として政権を主導したが、天平9年(737年)の天然痘蔓延により他の兄弟とともに病没してしまう。
- During the era of Emperor Shomu, Fusasaki gained political power after the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) in 729 and controlled the political power as a pivotal figure, particularly among the political power by the four Fujiwara brothers, but he died in 737 together with other brothers due to the spread of smallpox.
- 反対運動が最も盛んになったのは、1896年の洪水以降で、田中正造の主導の元、10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村 (群馬県)(現在の館林市下早川田町)にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県の鉱毒事務所が作られた。
- The movement against the pollution gathered pace after the floods in 1896, and October 4, under the leadership of Shozo TANAKA, the mining pollution office of Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture was estavlished in Unryu-ji Temple in Watarase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (present Shimohayakawada-cho, Tatebayashi City).
- 古参ともいうべき譜代の家臣と新参の家臣や出頭人との対立、藩政改革にともなう守旧派と改革派の対立、幕末期における信条の対立など、家臣間には主導権や藩政の方向性をめぐってあらゆる派閥抗争の動機があった。
- There were all conceivable motives for factional strife, such as rivalry between a veteran elder of established lineage and a newcomer retainer or group leader, clash between conservative and progressive groups over domain government reform, conflict over credo in the last years of the Edo Period, and disagreements over domain policy and race for power between vassals.
- 若い頃(とりわけ明治10年代)には、侍補で親政論者である漢学者元田永孚や佐々木高行の影響を強く受けて、西洋の文物に対しては懐疑的であり、また自身が政局の主導権を掌握しようと積極的であった時期がある。
- During his younger days (especially between 1876 to 1885), he was greatly influenced by Nagazane MOTODA and Takayuki SASAKI, scholars of the Chinese classics who acted as his jiho (aides) and were supporters of direct imperial rule, and there was a period when he was skeptical about western literature and tried to actively gain control of the government.
- 昭和45年(1970年)、古米や古々米などの在庫が増加の一途をたどったため、政府は、新規の開田禁止、政府米買入限度の設定と自主流通米制度の導入、一定の転作面積の配分を柱とした米の生産調整を開始した。
- Since the stock of such as old rice harvested one or two years before had continuously increased, the government introduced adjustment of production of rice in 1970 which mainly included a ban for developing new rice fields, setting up a limitation of purchase by the government, introduction of the voluntary marketed rice system and allocation of a certain area of crop diversification.
- 1239年に叡尊が主導していた西大寺 (奈良市)の再建に勧進聖として加わった忍性は叡尊に惹かれて同寺において再度叡尊の下で授戒してその弟子となり、翌1240年3月に改めて出家の儀式をやり直している。
- Ninsho participated as Kanjin Hijiri (fund-raising priests) in the reconstruction of Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) which was lead by Eison in 1239, where he came to admire Eison, and received Jukai once again from Eison to become his disciple, and in the following year, March 1240, he conducted the ceremony to enter into priesthood once again.
- 頼家は危篤から回復し、比企氏の滅亡と一幡の死を知って激怒し、時政討伐を命じるが、既に主導権は北条氏に完全に握られており、頼家は政子の命で出家させられて将軍職を奪われ、伊豆の修善寺に幽閉されてしまう。
- Upon recovering from his critical illness, Yoriie was enraged to learn that the Hiki clan had been overthrown and killed and that Ichiman was dead, and he ordered Tokimasa subdued but by then, full power was in the hands of the Hojo clan and, on Masako's orders, Yoriie was removed from the position of Shogun, forced to join the priesthood and confined to Shuzen-ji Temple in Izu.
- 万延二朱判(まんえんにしゅばん)は万延元年(1860年)4月10日より発行された二分金万延二分判と同品位で1/4の量目につくられており万延二分判と伴に事実上本位貨幣的地位の主導権を握っていたといえる。
- Manen nishuban had the same karat as nibukin Manen nibuban issued on May 30, 1860 and the ryome was 1/4 and was positioned as standard coin taking initiative with Manen nibuban in effect.
- このような公家や寺社と武家との対立を避けようとした足利直義と、武家の勢力伸張を第一と考えた高師直が、幕政の主導権をめぐって対立し始める(→「観応の擾乱」を参照のこと)と、師直派の中心人物と見なされる。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, who tried to prevent confrontation between buke (military authority) and court nobles, temples and shrines, and KO no Moronao, who put priority on expansion of the power of shogunate government, started to conflict with each other over the initiative of the government (please refer to 'Kanno Disturbance') and Moroyasu was regarded as a key figure of the latter group.
- そこで、これを指導し、統御しなければ、壮年・若者の方向を誤るとの考えから、有志者が西郷にはかり、県令2日本の県令大山綱良の協力を得て、明治7年6月頃に旧厩跡に私学校がつくられた(『大山県令と私学校』。
- And because the young men and other men who were in their prime might go astray, Saigo was asked to volunteer to lead them, then got help from Tsunayoshi OYAMA with Kenrei in Japan, Kenrei 2, and the private school was established at the former remains of a stable around in June 1784 ('Oyama, Kenrei (government general) and Shigakko').
- 天皇や時平は「延喜の治」と呼ばれる自らが主導するの政治改革を目指すものの、変からわずか8年後に時平が急死、続いて醍醐天皇も病気がちとなり、政治権力の中心は再度宇多法皇と藤原忠平の手中に帰する事になった。
- The Emperor and Tokihira planned political reforms to put themselves in direct leadership roles for the new administration, which was called 'Engi no chi' (the (glorious) government during the Engi era), but only eight years after the coup, Tokihira died suddenly, and moreover Emperor Daigo became more and more prone to illness, which allowed de facto political power to shift back again under the control of Cloistered Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Tadahira.
- 渋沢らが関わる東京経済学協会が1891年に発表した「鉄道調査報告書」に掲載された佐分利一嗣の論文では、鉄道国有化論に対する反証を一々あげて論じ、「将来の鉄道は、私設民営たるべし」という結論を導いている。
- In their thesis run in the 'The investigative report on railways' published by the Tokyo Economic Association in 1891, Kazuchika SABURI refuted every point of the theory of railway nationalization by indicating the proof of it, and concluded 'The railways in the future should be built and administered by private sectors'.
- 文化的には上方の文化を積極的に導入し、技師・大工らの招聘を行い、桃山文化に特徴的な荘厳華麗さに北国の特性が加わった様式を生み出し、国宝の大崎八幡宮、瑞巌寺、また塩竈神社、陸奥国分寺などの建造物を残した。
- In terms of the cultural development, Masamune actively introduced the Kyoto and its vicinity cultures by inviting technical experts, artisans and carpenters, and created a style based on the solemn and splendid Momoyama style with the mixture of those qualities found in northern regions; Masamune left various buildings such as Osaki Hachiman-gu Shrine and Zuigan-ji Temple that are designated as the national treasures today, and Shiogama-jinja Shrine and Mutsu Kokubun-ji Temple.
- しかし、ほどなくして、行政の不徹底を防止・監督するため、官人交替のときに前任者と後任者が事務引継ぎを行い、前任の実績に問題がなければ、後任から前任へ事務引継ぎ完了を証明する文書を発給する制度が導入された。
- However, shortly after that, the following system was introduced to supervise administration more thoroughly: When an officer was replaced with another person, the former officer made a document describing matters necessary for continuing office duties and handed it over to the new officer, and the new officer issued a certificate showing that he or she accepted the proper document.
- 一方において任官制度にも変化が生じ、「道挙」と呼ばれる在学中の学生が教官の推薦によって無試験で判官・主典級官職に任官される制度(紀伝道では9世紀中期、紀伝道・明法道・算道では9世紀末期以後)が導入された。
- Meanwhile, there was a change in the government official appointment system; the system called 'Dokyo' was introduced (in the mid-ninth century for the Kidendo department and after the late ninth century for the Kidendo, Myobodo [study of Codes], and Sando [study of mathematics] departments), whereby Daigaku-ryo students, by the recommendation of professors, were appointed as government officials of the jo (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period]) and sakan (secretary) ranks without examination.
- ところが、戦国時代_(日本)に入ると、堅田門徒の指導的地位を得ていた本福寺は大津の門徒を率いていた本願寺10世証如の後見人蓮淳(蓮如の6男で証如の外祖父でもある)の讒言によって、3度にわたる破門を受けた。
- However, in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), Honpuku-ji Temple, which was in a commanding position in Katata-shu, was excommunicated three times by a slander of Renjun (Rennyo's sixth son and Shonyo's maternal grandfather), the guardian of Shonyo, 10th chief priest, who led believers in Otsu.
- 牛の肥育履歴偽装事件を受け、2005年12月、近江牛の定義は、優秀な子牛を導入もしくは生産し、滋賀県内で最も長く肥育した黒毛和種でかつ、JAS法に定める原産地表示が「滋賀県産」と表示できるもの、とされた。
- After the beef breed record camouflage incident, in December 2005, Omigyu was defined not only as a Japanese black beef brand raised from an excellent calf, brought to or produced in Shiga Prefecture, for the longest period in the prefecture but also as the one whose place of origin can be indicated as 'Shiga Prefecture' under JAS law (Act for Standardization and Proper Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products).
- 昭和7年(1932年)10月 日午前3時30分ごろ、大谷光瑞が全精力を注ぎ込み、英才教育の推進や建築、園芸、西域探検などの調査、研究を通じて、教団を近代化に導く舞台とした二楽荘は、不審火によって焼失した。
- Around 3:30 in October 1932, Nirakuso was burned down by suspicious file where Kozui Otani put their full energy and the temple was led to modernization through the implementation of special education, architecture, horticulture and research and studies like western area expedition.
- その時に監督を務めていたのはフリューゲルス最後の監督であり、フリューゲルスにとって最後の公式戦だった1999年元日の天皇杯決勝でチームを勝利に導き、天皇杯優勝という有終の美を飾ったゲルト・エンゲルスだった。
- It was Gert ENGELS who served as manager of Sanga at that time, who had been the last manager of Flugels, and who had led the team to victory in the last official game for Flugels, the Emperor's Cup final on New Year's Day in 1999, and made the team round off its career by winning the Emperor's Cup.
- 同社では「一切の妥協を排した酒造りのできる次代のスペシャリスト養成」のため、すでに昭和61年(1986年)から酒マイスターを導入し、伝承技術と企業ノウハウの両方を身につけた新しい世代の杜氏を育成しはじめた。
- In order to 'foster a specialist for the next generation who can brew sake without any compromise,' the company has introduced the Sake Meister system since 1986 and began to foster a new generation of toji who had learned both traditional techniques and know-how as a company.
- ところが、乱の最中に政長が山城国の守護に任じられると、本来山城国は幕府や朝廷の直轄領や有力貴族・寺社の荘園として統治され、名目上の役割に過ぎなかった筈の守護職に実権を得るために、守護領国制の導入を強行した。
- However, when Masanaga was appointed as shugo of Yamashiro Province during the war, he forced through an implementation of Shugo-ryogoku system in order to obtain the real power of shugo, which was just a nominal role before because originally Yamashiro Province was governed as direct control territory of the bakufu or Imperial Court, or as shoen (manor) of dominant nobility or temples and shrines.
- また文久の改革では島津久光および朝廷の公武合体派公卿らの主導で出された勅命を受け松平慶永(越前松平家)、徳川慶喜(一橋徳川家)が、将軍の命令(台命・たいめい)を受け松平容保(会津松平家)が幕政に参加している。
- And during the Bunkyu Reform, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA (the Echizen Matsudaira family) and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family) participated in the shogunate government by an Imperial order released under the leadership of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU and the court nobles in the Imperial Court who supported the idea of uniting the court and the shogunate, as did Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the Aizu-Matsudaira family) by an order from Shogun (taimei).
- すなわち、オットー・フォン・ビスマルク時代以後のドイツ君権強化に対する抵抗の理論として国家法人説を再生させたイェリネックの学説を導入し、国民の代表機関である議会は、内閣を通して天皇の意思を拘束しうると唱えた。
- In short, he proclaimed that the diet, a representative of nation's people, can restrain the emperor's will via the Cabinet by introducing a theory of Jellinek who reproduced the state authority theory as a theory against strengthening of monarchy in Germany in and after the period of Otto von Bismarck.
- 後装式(元込め)のスナイドル銃をいち早く導入し、集成館事業の蓄積で近代工業基盤を有していた薩摩藩は、イギリスから設備を輸入して明治5年の陸軍省創設以前からスナイドル弾薬の国産化に成功していた唯一の地域だった。
- The Satsuma Domain was armed with breech-loading Snider rifles before others; based on the modern industrial base that had been built up through the industries at Shuseikan, the domain was the only region in Japan to succeed in domestic production of ammunition for Snider rifles by importing facilities from England before the Army Ministry was established in 1872.
- 十代の少年が入校する陸軍幼年学校(13歳)や海軍兵学校 (17歳)でさえ、入校したら、「娑婆っ気」を排斥する目的で、下着を含めて一切の私物は自宅に送り返すように指導し、入校者に下着として白い越中褌を支給した。
- Even in the case of the Army Cadet School or the Naval Academy which teenage boys entered (the former at thirteen years old, and the latter at seventeen years old), once a boy entered them, the staff directed him to send back all his personal belongings including undergarments to his home in order to exclude 'yearning for the outside world', and provided the new student with white Ecchu fundoshi as undergarments.
- 日本にこれら近代醸造学が導入されたのは、明治になってからであるが、初めは日本酒のためではなくビールの醸造技術を学ぶ過程で、「発酵をうながす微生物」として英語yeastやドイツ語Hefeが語彙として入ってきた。
- Modern brewing techniques were introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, on which occasion an English word yeast and a German word Hefe were imported to refer to 'microorganisms that promote fermentation' in the course of studying beer brewing techniques instead of sake brewing techniques.
- 天保年間に高島秋帆によって西欧の火器用兵術が紹介され、殊に武州徳丸原(ぶしゅうとくまるがはら=現、東京都板橋区高島平)での公開演練の後は、江戸幕府や西南雄藩において「高島流砲術」として導入され急速に普及した。
- During the Tenpo era, Western firearm strategy was brought by Shuhan TAKASHIMA; after its demonstration conducted in the open military drill held in Bushu Tokumarugahara (present-day Takashimadaira, Itabashi Ward, Tokyo), it was adopted as 'gunnery of Takashima school' by the Edo shogunate and the southwest strong domains, and spread quickly.
- 義教の時代には正長の土一揆や後南朝勢力の反乱など、室町幕府を巡る政治・社会情勢が不穏であり、強力な指導力を持つ将軍の存在が望まれていた武家社会や民衆の要請に沿う形で、義教は幕府権力の強化に一定の成果をあげた。
- Both the political and social conditions associated with the Muromachi shogunate government during Yoshinori's time were unsettled, as seen in events such as the Shocho peasant uprising and the rebellion by forces of the Latter Southern Court, and by reinforcing the shogunate's authority, Yoshinori was meeting the needs of the warrior class and the general public for the presence of a shogun with strong leadership.
- なお土地課税基調体制への移行の時期について、宇多天皇及び菅原道真の主導による寛平の治を王朝国家体制への転換準備期とし、延喜の治を時平による王朝国家体制への移行期であるとする意見(平田耿二,2000など)がある。
- Concerning the time when the old system shifted to the system based on tax on land, there is a view asserting that the era of Kanpyo no chi (Glorious rule in the Kanpyo era), led by the Emperor Uda and SUGAWARA no Michizane, was the preparatory period for the transition to the Dynastic polity regime and Engi no chi (Reign of Emperor Daigo), led by Tokihira, was the transitional period to the Dynastic polity regime (Koji HIRATA, 2000).
- また、町衆主導によって行われたと評価されてきた明応9年(1500年)の祇園祭の再興も本来祇園祭が疫病平癒の祭りであったことを考えると、逆に当時の社会不安の反映が祇園祭再興を促したという側面も考えられるのである。
- Also, the resumption in 1500 of the Gion Festival, which had been acclaimed for the townsmen's initiative behind it, may be considered to have been motivated in part by the social unrest prevailing then, given the history that the Gion Festival had originally been an event of prayer for recovery from epidemics.
- 近代になり西洋近代歴史学が導入されるとマルクス主義史観に代表される発展段階史観の概念に基づいた過去の日本の歴史の分析が行われるようになり、歴史的百姓身分を封建制段階における農奴身分と規定することが通説となった。
- In the modern times when western modern history was introduced, analysis of Japanese history based on the idea of the evolution phase concept of history, exemplified by Marxist history, was carried out, and it became a common theory that the historical hyakusho rank was defined as a serfdom in the feudalism phase.
- 第3回京都学生祭典のコンセプト「イベントからまつりへ」のもと、まつりを象徴するおどりの導入が検討されるようになり、京都学生祭典実行委員会と京都学生祭典事務局、有識者などで構成されるプロジェクトチームが発足した。
- Since the concept of the third Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa was 'From Event To Festival', the idea of introducing a dance to symbolize the festival was discussed and a project team was formed with people from the Executive Committee of Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa and Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa Administration Office, and other key figures.
- 戦前までは徴兵検査を受けることで「成人男子に達した証」と社会的に認知されるようになっており、徴兵検査(陸軍身体検査規則)で褌の着用を指導していたことも、疑似「褌祝」として成人男子に越中褌が普及した背景があった。
- Until the end of the war, taking an examination to be drafted was regarded as a proof of becoming an adult man in the society, and people were encouraged to wear fundoshi at the examination (the regulations for physical examination of the army); and thus this helped Ecchu fundoshi to spread across the country, reminding people a 'fundoshi iwai', a rite to wear fundoshi as an adult man.
- 落語専門定席の不在が上方落語の滅亡につながる事を懸念した上方落語協会は、会長・笑福亭松鶴の主導の下、中央区 (大阪市)千年町の島之内教会を借りて、1972年(昭和47年)2月より、月5日の「島之内寄席」を開催。
- Concerned that the absence of a theater dedicated to rakugo might lead to the loss of Kamigata rakugo, the Kamigata Rakugo Association under the initiative of the Chairman Shokaku SHOFUKUTEI held 'Shimanouchi Yose Theater' five days a month, beginning in February 1972 at the Shimanouchi Church in Sennen-cho, Chuo Ward (Osaka Prefecture).
- 20世紀中後期頃までは、大化の改新が日本の律令制導入の画期だったと理解されていたが、20世紀後期頃から、大化の改新の諸政策は後世の潤色であることが判明しており、必ずしも律令制史上の画期とは見なされなくなってきた。
- Until the second half of the 20th century, it was understood that the Taika Reforms were an epoch in the introduction of the Ritsuryo system into Japan, but since the latter part of the 20th century, they have not necessarily been considered an important epoch in the history of the Ritsuryo system as it has proven that the measures of the Taika Reform were later embellishments.
- 且元は駿府の家康への銘文の選定や大仏開眼供養の導師や日時の報告などを逐次行い上棟は間近であったが、7月29日 (旧暦)、家康は家臣の本多正純を通じて、梵鐘銘文の文中に不吉な語句があるとして、大仏供養を延期させた。
- Katsumoto successively reported the selection of the inscription, the doshi (master priest) of the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha, the date and time of the ceremony and so on, however, on July 29 (the old calendar) when the framework was nearly completed, Ieyasu postponed the ceremony, saying through Masazumi HONDA that there were ill-omend phrases in the bonsho inscription.
- 特に藤原時平を「若いが政理に通じているので顧問にして輔導に従うべき」とし、菅原道真「鴻儒で深く政事を知るもので“新君之功臣”として信任すべき」と説き、醍醐天皇の立太子も譲位も道真だけに相談して決めたと記している。
- Particularly, FUJIWARA no Tokihira was described as 'young, but familiar with political theory, therefore suitable for an advisor whose guidance should be followed,' and SUGAWARA no Michizane as 'a great Confusion scholar with a deep knowledge of politics that should be confided in as the 'meritorious retainer for the new emperor,'' and it is recorded that Emperor Uda consulted only Michizane to decide on the investiture of the Crown Prince and the abdication of throne.
- ただし、全日本弓道連盟の「統一見解による射法」は非常に曖昧なもので、指導者によって技術論に差異が認められるなど全日本剣道連盟による「剣道」(「大日本帝国剣道形」の名称変更)の様ないわゆる「統一射法」は存在しない。
- However, the 'shooting form based on a unified view' of the All Nippon Kyudo Federation is vague, with differences in regard to technical theory being apparent among instructors, and consequently there is no so-called 'united shooting form' such as the 'Kendo form of Japan' (the name of which was changed from 'the Kendo form of the Empire of Japan') by the All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF).
- この酒米を主軸として山形県は「出羽燦々100%使用、山形酵母使用、山形県開発の麹菌オリーゼ山形使用、純米吟醸酒、精米歩合55%以下」の5条件を満たす県産酒に「DEWA33」というブランドを公認する制度を導入した。
- Taking this sakamai as a linchpin, Yamagata Prefecture introduced a new system in which a brand 'DEWA 33' is licensed for the sake produced in Yamagata Prefecture satisfying five conditions, namely, 'Dewa sansan is used 100%, Yamagata yeast is used, Olize Yamagata, which is a koji mold developed by Yamagata Prefecture, ginjo sake with no added alcohol, and a polishing ratio of 55% or more.'
- こうした重税化の動きに対し酒蔵側は、明治14年(1881年)に高知県の酒造業者が、同県出身の自由民権運動の指導者植木枝盛の助力を得て、酒造税引き下げの嘆願書を政府に提出したのを皮切りに、各地で抵抗に立ち上がった。
- Against this tendency for heavier taxes, the sake breweries protested in various places, triggered by the submission of petitions for a reduction of liquor tax by a sake brewery in the Kochi Prefecture in 1881 supported by Emori UEKI, a leader of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement from Kochi Prefecture.
- この頃から子規は約3年間ほぼ寝たきりで、寝返りも打てないほどの苦痛を麻痺剤で和らげながら、俳句・短歌・随筆を書き続け(一部は口述)、また病床を訪れた高浜虚子、河東碧梧桐、伊藤左千夫、長塚節ら後進の指導をし続けた。
- For the next three years from this time, Shiki continued to compose haiku, tanka and essays from his sickbed, overcoming severe pain with the use of anesthetics that made him unable to turn from his side, and he also continued to advise his followers Kyoshi TAKAHAMA, Hekigodo KAWAHIGASHI, Sachio ITO, Takashi NAGATSUKA and others.
- 主に旧薩摩藩・長州藩および一部の公家による専制政治として実行されたため「藩閥政府」と揶揄されることもあるが、中級官僚以上でも旧親藩・旧幕臣などから採用された者も少なくなく、一概に一部雄藩のみが主導したともいえない。
- Since the Meiji Restoration was implemented arbitrarily by the Satsuma clan, the Choshu clan, and some court nobles, it was sometimes derisively called 'a clan dominated government,' but it cannot be said that a couple of powerful clans led this restoration because a considerable number of Tokugawas and former retainers of the Shogun were hired as the middle or upper levels of the bureaucracy.
- 『切支丹お蝶』は、山上紀夫監督をはじめとして、東邦映画製作所の解散によって流れてきた撮影技師高城泰策らスタッフ、女優五月信子、男優高橋義信らキャストと、ハロルド・スミス、アル・ボックマンの指導による撮影が行われた。
- Involved in the production of 'Kirishitan Ocho' was director Norio YAMAGAMI, filming engineer Yasusaku TAKAJO and other staff from Toho Eiga Seisakusho, the actress Nobuko SATSUKI and actor YOSHINOBU TAKAHASHI, and its filming was done under the guidance of Harold Smith and Al Bockman.
- 9世紀末~10世紀初年に醍醐天皇及び藤原時平が主導した律令制復活の最後の試みである延喜の治が失敗に終わると、次代の朱雀天皇及び藤原忠平は、個別人身支配を基調とする体制から土地課税基調の体制へと大きな政策転回を行った。
- When the Engi no chi (Reign of the Emperor Daigo), the last attempt for reviving the Ritsuryo system led by the Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira during the period from the end of the 9th century to the early 10th century, ended in failure, the emperor Suzaku, his successor, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira made a bold policy change from the principle of people-based governance to that of tax on land.
- 以後の蓮悟の実悟への仕打ちは続き、永正16年(1519年)に本願寺に「一門一家制」を導入した際に実悟は蓮如の子という事で最上級の「連枝」になる可能性もあったにも関わらず、蓮悟の意見で最下級の「一家」に編入されている。
- Thereafter, the unjust treatment of Jitsugo by Rengo continued, and in 1519 when 'Ichimon-Ikke System' (system divided the Hongan-ji families into Ichimonshu [clansman, for legitimate son] and Ikkeshu [the same lineage people as the Hongan-ji Temple, for second son and younger]) was introduced in Hongan-ji Temple, Jitsugo was placed in the lowest grade 'Ikke' due to Rengo's opinion, although there was a possibility that Jitsugo would be placed in the highest grade 'Renshi' because Jitsugo was a biological child of Rennyo.
- 後には石灯籠が夜の茶会の照明として据えられるようになるほか庭に使われる手水鉢や灯籠は、新しくつくるよりは既存のものが好まれ、また廃絶や改修で不要となる橋脚や墓石などが茶人に見立てられ、庭の重要な景として導入されていく。
- Later Ishi-doro (stone lantern) was installed as a light for evening tea parties, the existing Chozubachi and Toro (a garden lantern) used for gardens were preferred to the new creation, and bridge piers, gravestones, and others that no longer needed due to abolition or improvement were reused by the masters of tea ceremony, which were introduced as an important view in the garden.
- また、斯波家長は奥州総大将として南朝方の北畠顕家らと対抗し、自身は若くして戦死するも、その子孫は室町将軍家と同族という貴種性により奥羽一帯で指導的役割を果たすこととなった(奥羽における斯波氏については奥州斯波氏を参照)。
- Furthermore, Ienaga SHIBA, as a supreme commander of Oshu, confronted Akiie KITABATAKE and others of the Southern Court and he himself died young in battle; however, his descendants, who were of noble birth and in the same family as the Muromachi shogunate family, ended up playing a leadership role in all over the Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) region (for the Shiba clan in Ou region, refer to the Oshu Shiba clan).
- 王政に「復古」するといいながらも伝統的な摂政・関白以下の朝廷の秩序を一新することで上級公家を排除し、徳川が新政府の主体となる芽をつみ、天皇親政の名の下、岩倉ら一部の公家と薩長が主導する新政府を成立・宣言する内容であった。
- Although the decree asserted 'restoration' of Imperial rule, it intended to completely change the traditional organization of the Imperial Court including Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (chief adviser), expel senior court nobles, nip the possibility of the Tokugawa dominating the new government in the bud, and establish a new government to be lead by some of the court nobles including Iwakura and the major members of Satsuma and Choshu Domains under the name of the direct rule by the Emperor.
- 豊臣方も同じく兵糧に加え弾薬の欠乏や徳川方が仕掛けた心理戦、大砲で櫓・陣屋などに被害を受けて将兵は疲労し、また豊臣家で主導的立場にあった淀殿も本丸への砲撃で身近に被害が及び、態度を軟化させて和議に応じたという(16日)。
- With lack of army provisions and ammunition, psychological warfare that the Tokugawa side conducted, and damages of the towers and camps by cannons, the Toyotomi officers and soldiers had been exhausted, and also Yodo-dono, who was in a leading position in the Toyotomi Family, having seeing damage around her brought by bombardments to Honmaru, Toyotomi side decided to take a softer line, and agreed to have peace negotiations (16th) (the old calendar).
- 貞観年間までに文章博士2名、文章生20名(うち文章得業生2名)、擬文章生20名(文章生の予備生)という構成となり、それでも学問が成就して文章博士になれば貴族に達するために志願者数が絶えず、そのために試験制度が導入された。
- Until the end of the Jogan era, the establishment was settled in two monjo hakase, 20 monjosho (including 2 monjo tokugosho) and 20 gimonjosho (the monjosho reserve); however, as people would be ranked as nobles when becoming monjo hakase with distinguished achievements in the study, the position was endlessly sought after, resulting in the introduction of an examination system.
- 1871年8月29日(7月14日 (旧暦))に、薩摩・長州藩出身の指導者により廃藩置県が実施され、都道府県制度が設置され(当初は3府302県、直後に整理され3府72県)、中央政府から都道府県知事を派遣する制度が実施された。
- Therefore, on August 29, 1871, the leaders from Satsuma domain and Choshu domain abolished feudal domains and established prefectures instead (Haihan-chiken), and the modern prefecture system of Japan was established (at first, there were 3-fu and 302-ken, and soon after the system was organized to 3-fu and 72-ken), and then the system of dispatching the prefectural governors from central government was implemented.
- 誓詞の内容は多くの流派で共通しており、免許を得るまで親兄弟と言えども流儀の内容を教えない、許可を得ずに指導しない、他流批判をおこなわない、天下の御政道を守る等であり、最後に以上の誓いを破った者には神罰が下ると書かれていた。
- The contents of the oath were common to most schools: for example, not to tell the contents of the style to even one's parents or brothers and sisters till they are given a license, not to instruct others without permission, not to criticize the other schools, to observe the laws and politics of the government, and the like: and the end of the document stated that the one who violated the before-mentioned vows would surely receive divine punishment.
- 日露戦争では参謀総長として日本を勝利に導いたこと(ただし明治天皇は、山縣より桂を信頼しており、山縣の頭越しに桂へ諮詢することもあった)、伊藤博文が暗殺されたことにより、明治末期から大正初期にかけては山縣の発言力は増大した。
- From the end of the Meiji period to the beginning of the Taisho period, he increasingly became influential since he, as the chief of the General Staff, had led Japan to victory in the Russo-Japanese War (note, however, that Emperor Meiji trusted Katsura more than Yamagata, and he sometimes asked Katsura for advice in disregard of Yamagata) and because Hirofumi ITO had been assassinated.
- なお、餅粥の由来については不明な点が多いが、『小野宮年中行事』には弘仁式主水司に既に記載されていたと記され、宇多天皇は自らが寛平年間に民間の風習を取り入れて宮中に導入したと記している(『宇多天皇宸記』寛平2年2月30日条)。
- There are many questions regarding the origin of Mochi-gayu, but 'Ononomiyanenjugyoji' (the precedents for annual events of Ononomiya) says that Mochi-gayu was already mentioned at Shusuishi (water office in charge of acquiring water and cooking porridge) in the Konin-shiki Code; moreover, Emperor Uda wrote that he introduced the folk custom into the imperial court during the Kanbyo era ('Udotennoshinki (the diary of Emperor Uda),' February 30, 890).
- 譜代家臣団の大量離反や、朝倉当主の急激な指導力・求心力低下、朝倉景鏡と義景の軋轢などが「朝倉氏の血脈である一門(筆頭・朝倉景鏡)、家来衆」と「六角氏からの養子である本家当主」という構図が解りやすく研究解明が待たれる説である。
- Studying and understanding the situation between 'Asakura blood relations of the family (Kageakira ASAKURA as the head) and retainers' and 'the head of a head family who has been adopted out from the Rokkaku clan' has been expected based on stories such as the massive estrangement of Fudai kashin dan (a group of hereditary vassals), sudden decrease of leading ability/centripetal force of the Asakura family head, and conflicts between Kageakira and Yoshikage ASAKURA.
- なお、同詔では漢詩などの文学材料としても用いられていた孔安国の注釈に関しては、天皇及び皇族の教育以外の場では引き続き使用が認められており、この導入が大学寮全体の支持すら得られていなかった政治的なものであったことを裏付けている。
- However, in the Mikotonori, the commentaries by Ko Ankoku that were used as a literary reference, such as in Chinese poetry, were permitted to be continually used in education other than that of Emperors and the Imperial Family, which supports the fact that this adoption was only to seek political advantage and did not even gain support of the whole Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- なお、一部のジェンダーフリー論者からは、鯉のぼりが封建的な家制度の象徴だとして批判されるケースもあり、男女共同参画社会づくりの一環として鯉のぼりを家庭内の身分を想起させないよう縦ではなく横につるすように指導した自治体もあった。
- Also, there has been a case in which certain gender-free debaters criticized koi-nobori as a symbol of the feudalistic family system, so some autonomous bodies have instructed that koi-nobori should be hung up horizontally instead of vertically so as not to recall rank within the family, thus encouraging a society of gender equality.
- 牙符制が導入されるまで日本国王使・王城大臣使に対する査証の手段は存在せず、1450年代から貿易利権を目当てに王城大臣使を名乗る偽使が出現し、1470年代には偽使により「朝鮮遣使ブーム」と呼ばれる偽王城大臣使の大量通交が発生する。
- No endorsement for the King of Japan envoy nor the Ojo-daijin envoy existed until Gafusei was introduced, and from the 1450s, pseudo envoys representing the Ojo-daijin envoy appeared with the intention of acquiring the rights and interests of trading, and in the 1470s, diplomatic boom by pseudo envoys called 'sending of diplomatic missions to Korea boom' occurred.
- 批判が高まってきたのを受けて、政府は日本酒級別制度に替わりうる品質本位の分類体系を模索し始め、平成2年(1990年)から「普通酒」「特定名称酒」など9種類の名称からなる日本酒分類を導入し、当初は旧来の級別制度と暫定的に併用した。
- In response to growing criticism, the government began to seek other quality-focused classification system to replace the Classification of Sake in the Liquor Tax Act, and in 1990, introduced a new sake classification composed of nine different class names such as 'Futsushu (standard sake)' and 'Tokutei meishoshu (special designation sake),' which was tentatively utilized in combination with the traditional classification system in the earliest years.
- 1996年の文化財保護法改正により、従来の文化財指定制度を補完するものとして、近代の文化財等を保護するため、届出制と指導・助言・勧告を基本とする緩やかな保護措置を講じて、所有者の自主的な保護に期待する文化財登録制度が創設された。
- Based on the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1996, the cultural property registration system was established to complement the previous system; in order to protect a modern cultural property etc., a property owner's autonomous protection is expected through the liberal protection measures based on reporting, instruction, suggestion and recommendation.
- この時彫られた「天勾践を空しうすること莫れ、時に范蠡の無きにしも非ず」の言葉通り、翌年に名和長年ら名和氏の導きにより天皇が隠岐を脱出、伯耆国船上山において挙兵した際には、高徳も養父とともに赴いて幕府軍と戦い戦功を挙げたとされる。
- The Emperor escaped from Oki Province with help from the Nawa clan such as Nagatoshi NAWA as the message of 'as gods saved King Goujian of Yue, so they will never give up on you, and some faithful retainers like Fan Li shall come to save you' suggested, and when he raised an army at Mt. Senjo of Hoki Province, Takanori and his foster father joined the army and rendered distinguished military service in the war.
- 法然が専修念仏を唱道したのは、善導の『観経疏』(観無量寿経疏)「散善義」の中の、「一心に弥陀の名号を専念して、行住坐臥に、時節の久近を問はず、念々に捨てざる者は、是を正定の業と名づく、彼の仏願に順ずるが故に」という文からである。
- Honen advocated Senju-nenbutsu based on a verse in 'Sanzengi' from Zendo's 'Kangyosho (Kanmuryoju-kyosho)' that says, 'Repeat the name of the Amida Buddha with all of your heart, never forget the Buddha when you are walking, staying still, sitting or sleeping, at any time, then you will have the correct actions, in compliance with the wish of the Buddha for the salvation of all living things.'
- さらに、藤原不比等が養老4年(720年)に没すると、その子である藤原四兄弟(藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合、藤原麻呂)はまだ若く、議政官は当時参議の地位にあった房前のみであったため、長屋王は皇親の代表として政界の主導者となった。
- When FUJIWARA no Fuhito died in 720, his sons Fujiwara four brothers (FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, FUJIWARA no Umakai, FUJIWARA no Maro) were still young and only FUJIWARA no Maro had the position of Sangi (councilor) as Giseikan (Legislature), so Prince Nagaya became a leader of the political world as a representative of Koshin.
- この条約において、日本は、満州南部の鉄道及び領地の租借権、大韓帝国に対する排他的指導権などを獲得したものの、戦争中に軍事費として投じてきた国家予算の約4倍にあたる20億円を埋め合わせるはずの戦争賠償金は取得することができなかった。
- Although it acquired the railway and lease for the territory in South Manchuria and exclusive authority over the Korean Empire, Japan failed to obtain the war reparation it had counted on to cover its war-time military expenditures of 2 billion yen, equivalent of four times its national budget.
- この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝 (日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
- The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
- 上中町内では生活・経済の面でもつながりが強い小浜市と合併すべきという声もあったが、小浜市と合併した場合に上中町は小浜市の一地域に過ぎず、「上中が主導権を握れない」と考える町民が多く、住民投票でも小浜市との合併は反対派が多数を占めた。
- Some said that Kaminaka-cho should merge with Obama City, which has close ties in terms of daily life and economic activities; however, many were against the merger saying Kaminaka would not capture the initiative; the majority of voters opposed the merger with Obama City in a referendum.
- 墓所は東京駒込の吉祥寺 (東京都文京区)(曹洞宗)、京都黒谷の浄土宗大本山金戒光明寺塔頭龍光院 (京都市左京区)(浄土宗)墓地、柳川市の真勝寺 (柳川市)(浄土真宗菩提寺)、久留米市の善導寺 (久留米市)(浄土宗大本山)などにある。
- The Tanaka family's graves were in Kichijo-ji Temple (Soto sect) in Komagome, Tokyo (Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo); a head temple of Jodo sect, Kokai Komyo-ji Temple's sub-temple, Ryuko-in Temple (Jodo sect) in Kurodani, Kyoto (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City); Shinsho-ji Temple (Jodoshin sect) in Yanagawa City; Zendo-ji Temple (a head temple of Jodo sect) in Kurume City.
- その一方で、摂関政治や検非違使、名田制など現行の律令制度から乖離した政治システムが形成されながら、新規の法体系を形成するだけの政治力を喪失しつつあったこの時代において、明法家がそれを律令的に合法に導く法的解釈を行う事も期待されていた。
- While government systems were created away from the existing ritsuryo system such as regency, Kebiishi and Myoden land control system, Myoho experts were expected to interpret those as legal systems in ritsuryo because the government was losing its power to create a new law system at that time.
- 神幸祭・還幸祭では1名ずつ登場、衣装は同じだが稚児天冠を被り、胸に国中神社の御神体である木彫りの馬の首(駒形)を胸に掛け、馬に乗って素戔嗚尊(すさのおのみこと)の和御魂(にぎみたま)が鎮まる中御座神輿(なかござみこし)の先導を務める。
- One chigo appears in each Shinkosai and Kankosai; both chigo wear the same costume, and chigo tenkan (crown for child of festivity) with a woodcrafted pendant of a horse's head, or an object of worship housed in the Kuninaka-jinja Shrine, rides on a horse to lead the Nakagoza mikoshi which enshrines nigimitama (spirits of peace) of Susanoo no Mikoto (a deity of Japanese Mythology).
- 明治7年(1874年)、辞職軍人有志の発議で鹿児島の青少年の教養のために私学校がつくられたとき、篠原国幹が銃隊学校、村田新八が砲隊学校・賞典学校(幼年学校)を監督し、桐野は翌年つくられた吉野開墾社を指導して、率先して開墾事業に励んだ。
- In 1874, when Shigakko (literally, private school) was established for the education of youths in Kagoshima on the initiative of interested retired soldiers, Kunimoto SHINOHARA supervised a school for the shooting squad, Shinpachi MURATA, a school for battery and a school for little boys, and Kirino, the Yoshino reclaimation company, which was established the next year, and he took the initiative of reclaimation activity.
- 康安元年/正平16年(1361年)に、それまで執事(後の管領)であった細川清氏が失脚して南朝へ下ると斯波家の力が強まり、高経は康安2年/正平17年(1362年)に子の斯波義将を執事(管領)職に就かせ、実権は自身が握って幕政を主導した。
- The fact that Kiyouji HOSOKAWA fell from the position of shitsuji (the later kanrei [shognal deputy]) and ran away to the Southern Court let the Shiba family get more power, and Takatsune placed his son Yoshimasa SHIBA in the post of shitsuji in 1362 and he himself got the real power to take the initiative in bakufu.
- この事変で西郷らがとった中立の方針は、長州や幕府が朝廷を独占するのを防ぎ、朝廷をも中立の立場に導いたのであるが、長州勢からは来島又兵衛・久坂玄瑞・真木和泉ら多く犠牲者が出て、長州の薩摩嫌いを助長し、「薩奸会賊」と呼ばれるようになった。
- The neutral stance that Saigo and others took during this incident was only to defend the Imperial Court from exclusive possession by the Choshu, and gave guidance to Imperial Court to the neutral position, but it caused many casualties in the Choshu force, and among them were Matabe KIJIMA, Genzui KUSAKA and Izumi MAKI, and this aggravated the Choshu dislike of the Satsuma, and caused the events known as the 'Satsukan-kaizoku (retaliation against the Satsuma and Aizu Domains)'.
- 更に足利義満以後、将軍の親裁が強まり、管領や評定衆の発言力の強い評定よりも自らの主導権が発揮できる御前沙汰に審議の場を移し、形式的な評定始を行った後に改めて御前沙汰始を開いて年始最初の政務とするようになり、応仁の乱以後は全く形骸化した。
- Also, since Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's rein, the shogun decided on most state affairs by having discussions in gozensata (the formal consultation) where he could take the initiative, rather than in hyojo where kanrei and hyojoshu held too much influence against him, so gozensata-hajime (the first gozensata in the New Year) was held as the first work of State in the New Year after having a ritual hyojohajime, which only existed in name after the Onin war.
- 絵巻の内容は、大江匡房の『江談抄』に記される物語と一致しており、遣唐使の吉備真備が在唐中に幽閉され、鬼(幽霊)となった安倍仲麻呂に導かれて、皇帝による『文選 (書物)』や囲碁による無理難題を解いて、遂に帰国を達成する、というものである。
- The contents of the picture scroll match the story marked down in 'Godansho,' written by OE no Masafusa, and the story is about KIBI no Makibi, a Japanese envoy sent to Tang Dynasty China, who succeeds in returning to Japan after being imprisoned during his visit to Tang by solving arduous tasks: 'Monzen' (Wen-hsuan, ancient Chinese poems) Igo (board game of capturing territory) and more set by the Emperor of Tang, with the guidance of his companion ABE no Nakamaro who passed away and became a ghost.
- 「射法八節」の中で流派技術であったり、日本弓術の伝統的技術体系である歩射・騎射・堂射の技術が入り乱れるなど、射手や指導者によって技術の取捨選択が成され、現在では多くの射手はそれぞれの技術が入り交じった「射法」を行っているのが現状である。
- The techniques of the schools and techniques from traditional technical systems in Japanese Kyudo, such as Busha, Kisha and Dosha, became intermixed in the 'Shaho hassetsu,' and techniques were sorted out by archers and instructors, so that today many archers follow the 'shooting form' that is a mixture of those techniques.
- 余禄とはなるが、北欧神話におけるワルキューレも、主神オーディンの命を受け、戦って死んだ勇者を天界(ヴァルハラ)に導く存在であり、ある意味では他の文化圏における天女に近しいイメージがあるが、北欧神話の観点ではあまり関連付けては扱われない。
- Additionally, valkyries in Norse mythology are beings who, under orders of the god Odin, lead men of valor who died in battle to heaven (Valhalla); in a sense, they have a similar image with tennyo in other cultural regions, but from the Norse mythology point of view are not considered to be related.
- 御親兵導入の経緯などからすれば、士族兵制論者と見るのが妥当であるが、山縣有朋の失脚後も西郷は山縣の徴兵制構想をそのまま継続させたことから、親兵・近衛を通じて形成された山縣に対する西郷の個人的信頼から徴兵令実施を受け入れたと考えられている。
- As a supporter of the military system of a warrior class, it is proper that, due to the situation involving the introduction of the Goshimpei (army to form a convoy to the Emperor) Saigo continued Yamagata's plan of the conscription system after Aritomo YAMAGATA lost his position, so it is of concern that Saigo himself trusted Yamagata, who formed the Goshimpei (army to convoy the Emperor) and Konoe, then accepted the effects of the Conscription Ordinance.
- 戊辰戦争は、新政府下での薩長と幕府の主導権争いに起因する「鳥羽・伏見の戦い」の段階、会津藩・庄内藩の処分問題に起因する「東北戦争(北越戦争と会津戦争を含む)」の段階、旧幕府勢力の最後の抵抗となった「箱館戦争」の段階の3段階に大きく区分される。
- The Boshin War was roughly divided into three phases: the Battle of Toba and Fushimi phase which arose from the power struggle between the Sat-Cho and the Shogunate under the new government; the Tohoku War phase, including the Hokuetsu War and the Aizu War, which arose from the issue of punishment meted out to Aizu and Shonai Domains; and the Hakodate War phase in which the members of the former Shogunate staged a final revolt.
- その由来については淡路国に流された淡路廃帝大炊親王(淳仁天皇)のために同国の官物・庸調が廃帝の生活に充てられ、平城京に籠った平城上皇のために大和国の田租・地子イネが生活に充てられたもの、更にその後導入された親王任国を制度の嚆矢とする説もある。
- The theoris on the origin of the ingubunkokusei system describes: One that it started when kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and choyo (taxes in tribute and labor under the ritsuryo system) collected within Awaji Province were used to feed Imperial Prince Oi who had been deported to the province and called Awaji Haitei (deposed Emperor of Awaji); another theory argues that the system began when denso (a rice field tax) and rice collected within Yamato Province was used to feed Retired Emperor Heizei who had confined himself in Heijo-Kyo; a third theory states that the system was established along with shinno nintoku (provinces whose governing posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes) system that was introduced later on.
- 1933年(昭和8年)3月、大沢商会グループ(J.Osawa Co., Ltd.)が京都・太秦蚕ノ社駅に貸しスタジオ「J.Oスタヂオ」を建設・開所、同社社長・大沢徳太郎の長男・大沢善夫が輸入したトーキーシステムを導入した先進的なものであった。
- J. Osawa Co., Ltd. built and opened the 'J. O. Studio' for rent at Uzumasa Kaiko no Yashiro Station in Kyoto that used a pioneering talkie system imported by Yoshio OSAWA, who was the eldest son of the CEO of the same company, Tokutaro OSAWA.
- この期間、国内税率を一律固定化する公田官物率法が導入されたり、小規模な名田に並行して広く領域的な別名が公認されるようになったり、大規模事業の財源として一国単位で一律に課税する一国平均役が成立するなど、社会構造に変革を及ぼすような政策がとられた。
- During this period, some policies, which affected the social structure, were developed: the Koden kanmotsu rippo, which fixed the domestic tax rate, was introduced; bechimyo (large territories including mountains and forests) was authorized alongside small-sized Myoden; Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on every private estate in one province) in order to get financial resources for large-scale projects.
- 発酵を伴うタイプの漬物は、材料に自然に付着している乳酸菌と材料に含まれる糖類によって発酵し、保存性と風味の向上が起こるが、麹などを添加して発酵の基質となる糖類を増やしたり、そこに含まれる酵素によって風味を向上させる酵素反応を誘導することもある。
- Tsukemono with fermentation is fermented by the lactic bacterium naturally attached to the ingredients and the sugars included in the ingredients, which enhance the quality of preservation, taste and flavor; moreover, sugars as ground substances for fermentation can be increased by adding rice malt, and the oxygen reaction needed to improve taste and flavor can be induced by the enzyme contained in rice malt.
- なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
- There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of 'Modern Japanese History,' by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
- 米国は国内世論の高まりなどを受けて協議に復帰したが、現在の枠組みに反発し条約改正を視野に交渉に臨む日本・米国・ロシア・オーストラリアなどと、既存の枠組みを進め先進国主導の削減を訴える EU などとの間の対立構造が形成されつつあると指摘されている。
- America has come back to the conference because of the upsurge of domestic public opinion, however, the following issue of conflict between America and other developed countries is pointed out: America, while objecting to the present framework, opposes to Japan, Russia, Australia and so on, which negotiate for the treaty revision, and also opposes to EU, which aims to promote the present framework and to reduce the emissions led by developed countries.
- こうした中、儒教では利益の追求は欲望を生み出して人間を堕落の方向に向かわせると考えられ、商工業に携わること自体が本来の人間があるべき姿に反する行為として否定的に捉えられていたが、実際には貨幣経済や産業の発達により商人が経済の主導権を握るようになった。
- In Confucianism, it was thought that profit pursuing would lead to desires that would ultimately cause a human being to deteriorate and that activities of involved in commerce and industry themselves would be contrary to what a human being should be; nevertheless, under the above-mentioned circumstances, merchants took the initiative in an economy based on the development of a monetary economy and industry.
- 麦焼酎は1960年代まで焼酎の中ではメジャーな存在ではなかったが、東京農業大学の柳田藤治によってイオン交換を麦焼酎へ応用する手法が開発され、宮崎県の柳田酒造によって実際の使用方法が確立すると多くの麦焼酎メーカーがイオン交換濾過法を導入することとなった。
- Until 1960's barley shochu was not major among various kinds of shochu, but Fujiharu YANAGIDA at Tokyo University of Agriculture developed a technique to apply ion exchange to barley shochu and after Yanagita Shuzo in Miyazaki Prefecture established the actual use of the technique, a lot of barley shochu makers introduced the ion exchange filtration.
- 奈良時代から平安時代初頭にかけての天皇陵は、土葬される例(聖武天皇)や、墳丘を作ったと思われる事例(桓武天皇)を経て、仏教思想の影響により、火葬の導入(持統天皇)や火葬後に散骨して大規模な造営を行わない事例(嵯峨天皇、淳和天皇)などが見られるようになる。
- Mausoleums built from the Nara to the early Heian periods include graves of emperors (e.g. Emperor Shomu) whose bodies were buried, graves with burial mounds (Emperor Kanmu), graves of emperors in later periods (Empress Jito) whose bodies were cremated due to the influence of Buddhism and graves of cremated emperors that were built without large-scale construction work (Emperors Saga and Junna).
- 近年のこのイベントの全国への広まり方はバレンタインデー・ホワイトデー・オレンジデーの菓子贈答と同じく、海苔業界やコンビニ業界など関係業界の主導のもと販売促進を目的とした傾向があり、本来の太巻きではなく「海鮮巻き版」「ロールケーキ版」なども販売されている。
- The spread of this event nationwide in recent years has the tendency of aiming at sales promotion under the leadership of relevant industries such as nori industry and convenience store industry, as in the case of giving sweets on Valentine's Day, White Day, and Orange Day; as such, 'seafood sushi roll version' and 'Swiss roll version,' which are not the traditional thick sushi roll, are also being sold.
- 久光は明治維新後も薩摩藩(鹿児島藩)における権力を握り続けたが、政府に出仕していた西郷隆盛や大久保利通らの主導で、明治4年(1871年)7月14日に太政官より廃藩置県が布告されると、鹿児島の久光はこれに激怒、抗議の意を込めて一日中花火を打ち上げさせたという。
- Hisamitsu continued to keep power in the Satsuma domain (Kagoshima Prefecture), however, it is said that when Haihan-chiken (abolition of domains and establishment of prefectures) was declared by the Grand Council of State under the leadership of Takamori SAIGO and Toshimichi OKUBO participating in the central government on August 29, 1871, he got very angry and ordered to set off fireworks the whole day in Kagoshima as a message protest.
- なお、寛平の治は菅原道真の主導による王朝国家体制への転換準備期であり、延喜の治は道真の着想を引き継いだ時平による王朝国家体制への移行を意図したものであったが、時平により道真の政治の記録が抹殺されたため詳細が不明となっていたにすぎないとする平田耿二等の説がある。
- There is a theory by Koji HIRATA and others that Kanpyo no chi was a transition and preparatory period for the dynasty state system led by SUGAWARA no Michizane and Engi no chi was intended to transit to the national system ruled by imperial families by Tokihira who took over the idea of Michizane, but the details were unknown because the political records of Michizane were destroyed by Tokihira.
- 帰京した後醍醐は富小路坂の里内裏に入り、光厳天皇の皇位を否定し親政を開始(自らの重祚<復位>は否定し、文保2年から継続しての在位を主張)するが、京都では護良親王とともに六波羅攻撃を主導した足利高氏が諸国へ軍勢を催促し、上洛した武士を収めて京都支配を指揮していた。
- After returning to the capital, Godaigo entered the throne room on Tomikoji hill and repudiated Kogon's imperial rank, ushering in a new era of direct Imperial rule (and of his own second ascension, he insisted that he was not 'returning to the throne' but rather had continuously been ruling since 1318); in Kyoto, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who with Imperial Prince Morinaga had directed the attack on Rokuhara, requested more troops from all the various provinces, and by paying and supplying the samurai that came to the capital, Takauji assumed military command over the government of Kyoto.
- やがて、宇多法皇が道真の娘婿でもある斉世親王を皇太弟に立てようとしているという風説が流れると、宇多上皇や道真の政治手法に密かに不満を抱いていた醍醐天皇と藤原時平、藤原菅根(折りしも病死した平季長の後任の蔵人頭に就任していた)らが政治の主導権を奪還せんとしたのである。
- Eventually, when rumors began to fly that Cloistered Emperor Uda was going to raise Michizane's son-in-law, the Imperial Prince Tokiyo, to the rank of Kotaitei (one rank below the heir apparent), those who were nursing secret resentment against Uda and Michizane for their political maneuvers, including Emperor Daigo, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, and FUJIWARA no Sugane (the new Majordomo of the palace following TAIRA no Hidenaga's recent death by illness), began to plan how to recover control over the government.
- (ペルーの先住民またはインカの末裔とされる人々が喧嘩祭りや、放牧畜産で家畜(リャマやヒツジ)を誘導する為の、紐を使ったスリングと呼ばれる投石器や、いわゆるパチンコとも呼称されるスリングショットと呼ばれる投石器は、弓矢を起源としない為、この項目の趣旨の投石器ではない)
- (Since it did not originate from Yumiya, the catapult of this section does not include the rock-throwing machine with a rope called a sling, which is used for fight festivals or leading livestock (llama or sheep) of depasturage by the aborigines in Peru or the people who are considered to be descendants of the Inca, and also not include the one which is called a slingshot or a pachinko)
- まず、広範囲の蝦夷をまとめて、自分たちの要求を朝廷側に文書にして提出するなど、反乱を指導した人物がいるはずであるが、この人物が朝廷側の多数の犠牲者(焼山での戦いだけで500人以上が死亡あるいは捕虜になったという)にもかかわらず彼らの名前が明確に記録されていないなかった。
- First, although there must have been rebellion ringleaders who had united the widely dispersed Emishi and presented a written petition to the Imperial Court, their names weren't clearly recorded on the long list of casualties (more than 500 people were killed or captured in the battle of Mt. Yake-yama alone).
- 翌慶応3年(1867年)薩摩藩の西郷・大久保利通らは政局の主導権を握るため雄藩連合を模索し、島津久光・松平春嶽・伊達宗徳・山内容堂(前土佐藩主)の上京を促して、兵庫開港および長州処分問題について徳川慶喜と協議させたが、慶喜の政治力が上回り、団結を欠いた四侯会議は無力化した。
- In 1867, Takamori SAIGO and Toshimichi OKUBO of Satsuma, who groped for the union of major domains to take the initiative in the political situation, urged Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA, Munee DATE and Yodo YAMANOUCH (the former lord of the Tosa domain) to come to Kyoto to discuss the port of Hyogo and the treatment of Choshu with Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, but the four great members, lacking solidarity, were overwhelmed by Yoshinobu's political smartness, and could not make a respectable showing.
- 祖の武智麻呂は藤原北家の藤原房前とともに、元正天皇朝~聖武天皇朝にかけて長屋王と政権を争ったが、神亀6年(729年)長屋王の変により政権を掌握し、藤原四兄弟たちと共に聖武朝で政権を主導した(藤原四子政権)が、天平9年(737年)の天然痘蔓延により他の兄弟とともに病没してしまう。
- Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of Nanke was maintained.Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan was maintained.
- 古代のローマ暦の 1 March を正月とする暦は、ヴェネツィア共和国で1797年まで、ロシアで988年~15世紀の終わりまで用いられていた、ロシアでは15世紀の終わりから1700年の西暦導入まで、9月1日が正月だった(ロシアではそれ以前、神話的世界の創造から年を数えていた)。
- A calendar which had its new year's day on March 1st of the ancient Roman calendar was used until 1797 in the Republic of Venezia and from 988 to the end of the 15th Century in Russia and, in Russia, September 1st was new year's day from the end of the 15th Century to the introduction of the western calendar in 1700 (in Russia, before this introduction, the years had been counted from the mythic creation of the world).
- 宇多上皇(程なく宇多法皇になる)は醍醐天皇に譲位した後も、『寛平御遺誡』という君主の心構えを新帝に説くばかりでなく、道真を始め源善・中納言源希・蔵人頭平季長・侍従藤原忠平といったいわゆる「寛平の治」の推進役だった一種の側近集団を新帝の周囲に配置して新帝の政策を主導しようと図った。
- Even after Retired Emperor Uda (who soon after became Cloistered Emperor Uta) abdicated the throne to Emperor Daigo, he went far beyond merely his written injunction, the Kanpyo goyuikai--which advised the new emperor on how to prepare himself to rule--and actively planned to continue his leadership role in the new emperor's government by surrounding Emperor Daigo with the group of his closest aides and ministers who had been the driving force behind the administration of the Kanpyo era, notably Michizane but also including MINAMOTO no Yoshi, the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) MINAMOTO no Mare, the Kuroudo no kami (Majordomo of the palace) TAIRA no Suenaga, and the Jiju (Chamberlain) FUJIWARA no Tadahira.
- これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。
- This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.
- しかも、世襲化されている旧来の姓(カバネ)ではなく、全く新たな姓(カバネ)である真人(まひと)・朝臣(あそん)・宿禰(すくね)・忌寸(いみき)を導入し、それらを賦与ないし継承させる氏上(うじのかみ)を直系親族に限定し、その許認可権すら当初は天武天皇自ら握っていたという事実は動かない。
- Furthermore, the fact remains that Emperor Tenmu introduced new kabane such as mahito, ason, sukune and imiki rather than using the ones that had already been passed on, that he allowed only the members of an immediate Imperial Family to be in the position of Ujinokami which had the right to give kabane, and that he even had the authority to give permission in the beginning.
- 昭和天皇は幣原喜重郎首相が連合国軍最高司令官総司令部に主導されて作成した草案を初めて見た際に、「これで結構だが、これまでも皇室が決して独裁的なものでなかったことを示すために、明治天皇の五箇条の御誓文を加えることはできないだろうか」と述べ、急遽GHQの許可を得て加えられることになった。
- When the Emperor Showa saw the draft of prime minister Kijuro SHIDEHARA led by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) for the first time, the Emperor said 'it is fine, but to show that the Imperial Family has never been dictatorial, it that possible to add Charter Oath of Five Articles of the Emperor Meiji?' and it was added in haste under permission from GHQ.
- しかし、山上憶良の「貧窮問答歌」などにも見られるように、親が子を思い、そのために何かをしてやりたいという気持ちは時代が違っていても変わることはなかったようで、資料の残っている以前から、親や大人たちが子どもや若者が1人前になっていく上で、何かの手助けや指導をしていたことは想像に難くない。
- However, as seen in 'Hinkyu mondo ka (Dialogue on poverty)', made by YAMANOUE no Okura, it seems that at any period the parents cherished their children and wanted to do something for them; it is easy to imagine that even long ago, before any document was made, parents or grown-ups have given help or guidance when their children or younger people were growing up.
- 明治22年(1889年)の町村制導入以後は、それぞれ京都府の上鳥羽村・下鳥羽村として別個の歩みを遂げ、大正7年(1918年)には上鳥羽村の一部が京都市下京区(当時)に編入され、昭和6年(1931年)に上鳥羽村の残部は下京区に、下鳥羽村は伏見市などとともに新設の伏見区に編入される事になる。
- After the introduction of Municipal Government Act in 1889, the two villages took its course individually as Kamitoba Village and Shimotoba Village of Kyoto Prefecture; Kamitoba Village was incorporated into Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City (at the time) partially in 1978, then the rest in 1931, while Shimotoba Village, along with Fushimi City, was incorporated into the newly established Fushimi Ward in 1931.
- 明治六年政変で征韓論派を一掃して主導権を握った大久保利通ではあったが、この時の明治天皇の勅裁はロシアとの国境を巡る紛争を理由とした「延期」(「中止」ではない)とされたため、ロシアとの国境が確定(1875年5月7日に樺太・千島交換条約締結)した際には征韓論派の要求が再燃する可能性が高かった。
- Although Toshimichi OKUBO gained the initiative, rooting out pro-Seikanron members during Meiji roku-nen no Seihen (Coups of 1873), Emperor Meiji's pronouncement of that time was that Japan postponed (not abandoned) dispatching troops to Korea due to a border dispute with Russia, which left a strong possibility for reigniting demand from pro-Seikanron once the border with Russia was determined (The Treaty of Saint Petersburg was signed on May 7, 1875.)
- また、秀吉は当初は征夷大将軍への就任に意欲を示したとも言われているが実現せず、代わって偶発的事情から得た関白の地位を武家である豊臣氏による世襲制度(公家である藤原氏の五摂家を排除)に変更して、幕府制度に代わる武家関白制(ぶけかんぱくせい)とも言うべき体制を導入しようとしたと考えられている。
- It is said that after Hideyoshi's failure to accomplish his desire to become 'Seii Taishogun', he introduced a new system, 'the Kanpaku system by the samurai family' instead of the 'Bakufu' system; the status of 'Kanpaku' was given to him through accidental events, and he tried to change the status to the Toyotomi-clan hereditary system (by excluding five Fujiwara Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku)).
- 754年(天平勝宝6年)1月に6度目の航海のすえに平城京に到着して、戒律や多数の経典を伝えた唐出身の鑑真和尚、大仏開眼供養の導師となったインド出身の菩提僊那、菩提僊那と同時に来日したチャンパ王国(林邑)出身の僧仏哲、唐僧道セン、また、多くの新羅僧ら外国出身の僧侶の活動に負うところも大きかった。
- It also owed to activities of foreign monks such as Ganjin (Jianzhen) wajo from Tang who arrived in January 754 in Heijokyo on his sixth attempted voyage to Japan and introduced the precepts of Buddhism, bringing a large number of Buddhist scriptures, Bodai Senna from India who acted as Kaigan doshi (an officiating priest to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue or image by inserting the eyes) for the daibutsu, Buttetsu, a monk from the kingdom of Champa (Lin Yi, a former name for Vietnam) who came to Japan at the same time as Tang monk Bodai Senna (Dosen) and a large number of monks from Silla.
- 律令制確立後に大学寮の下に音博士が位置づけられたが、本科(後の明経道)の学生が儒教の教育を受けるために行う最初の課程であった経典の音読を指導するのが役割であった事から、算道・書道_(大学寮)のような独自の学生を保持することは学令などにも記載されていないなど、最初から補助的地位に止められていた。
- After the Ritsuryo Legal Codes were established, the Professors of Ondo were positioned within the Daigaku-ryo system, but because their role was to teach the reading aloud of the scriptures during the first course of Confucianism to the students of the main course (later known as Myogyodo, the Confucian department of Daigaku-ryo), their position was only deemed to be supplementary and it was not mentioned within the regulations that they may have their own students like Sando (Mathematics) and Shodo (Calligraphy) Departments.
- ところが、1793年にインドの植民地化を進めるイギリスは北インドにおいてザミンダーリー制を導入して領主・地主を土地の近代的な土地所有権者と認める一方で、従来現地住民が持っていた土地所有権・耕作権を強制的に剥奪して領主・地主の小作人として所属させ、領主・地主を通じて恒久的に現金を徴税する制度であった。
- However in 1793, the United Kingdom, which tried to colonize India, introduced the Zamindari system in the north of India, admitted the lords and landowners as those who had a modern landownership, but forcibly deprived the traditional local people of landownership and the right to cultivate and made them tenant farmers who belonged to the lords and landowners and systematically collected tax as cash money through the lords and landowners permanently.
- 学校教育において明治期には武術は教育に教育困難でかつ有害であるとされていたが、講道館や大日本武徳会による柔道(柔術)、剣術の統一の基本技制定や集団教育法など教授法改良により明治44年(1898年)に旧制中学校の課外授業に撃剣(剣術)と柔術が導入され、名称は武道、剣道、柔道とされ、必修の正課になった。
- During the Meiji period, Bujutsu was considered to be difficult and harmful in school education, but in 1898 'gekiken' (kenjutsu, swordplay) and jujutsu were introduced as an extra lesson in the junior high schools of the old education system through the improvement of pedagogical methods such as the method of mass education or the unification of the basic skills of judo (jujutsu) and kenjutsu by the Kodokan Judo Institute and Dainippon Butoku-kai (Great Japan Federation of Martial Arts), and the lessons were called 'budo,' 'kendo' and 'judo' as compulsory, formal subjects.
- 江戸時代になると儒学の影響で人倫道徳観に重きを置かれるようになり、『大日本史』や新井白石、頼山陽などが政子を評しているが、頼朝亡き後に鎌倉幕府を主導したことは評価しつつも、子(頼家、実朝)が変死して婚家(源氏)が滅びて、実家(北条氏)がこれにとって代ったことが婦人としての人倫に欠くと批判を加えている。
- During the Edo Period, the Confucian ideals of humanity and morality were important, and Masako is given high praise in the 'Dai Nihon Shi' and by scholars such as Hakuseki ARAI and Sanyo RAI for her leadership of the Kamakura government after the death of her husband Yoritomo, yet added the criticism that she lacked morality, which led to the violent death of her sons (Yoriie, Sanetomo), the decline of the family she married into (the Minamoto clan) and the rise to power of her birth family, the Hojo clan.
- その背景について、幼少の清和天皇が外祖父藤原良房の政治権力によって、異母兄惟喬親王を推す世論に反して擁立されたことに由来する政治基盤の不安定さを克服するために、幼い天皇の君徳の涵養を図るとともに、天皇への忠誠を官人教育を通じて強く認識させる目的によって、藤原良房と大春日雄継が導入を図ったものと考えられている。
- It is believed that FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa and OKASUGA no Otsugu adopted this edition with the purpose of giving government officials an official education to foster allegiance to the Emperor, as well as to foster 'Kuntoku no Kanyo' in the young Emperor Seiwa, thereby tried to overcome the instability of political foundation, which was caused by the enthroning of the infant Emperor Seiwa, with the help of the political power of his maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa, against public opinion that pushed for his paternal older half-brother, Imperial Prince Koretaka.
- 1997年から1999年にかけて「フランスにおける日本年」および「日本におけるフランス年」という趣旨で、両国において多くの記念行事が行われたが、その際、両国の国宝級美術品1点ずつを相手国で公開することとなり、日本からは百済観音が、フランスからはウジェーヌ・ドラクロワの代表作『民衆を導く自由の女神』が選ばれた。
- From 1997 until 1999, under the concepts of 'Japanese years in France' and 'French years in Japan', many commemorative ceremonies took place in both countries; it was decided that one work of art, of the level of a national treasure, of each country be exhibited, and Kudara Kannon from Japan and a representative work by Eugene de La Croix titled 'La Liberte guidant le people' were selected.
- これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。
- In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India.
- 万延二分判(まんえんにぶばん)は万延元年(1860年)4月10日より発行され、2枚の量目では同時に発行された万延小判を上回るが、含有金量では劣る名目貨幣で一両あたりの含有金量では江戸時代を通じて最低のものであり、発行高は万延小判をはるかに凌ぎ、金貨流通の主導権を握り、小判に代わり事実上の本位貨幣的地位を制した。
- Manen nibuban was issued from May 30, 1860 and the ryome of two coins was more than Manen nibuban that was issued at the same time, however it was nominal money having the least content of gold through the Edo period and the issued amount was much more than Manen koban taking initialtive of gold coin distribution and it was positioned as standard coin in effect in place of koban.
- そのために試験も次第に形式的なものとなり、天元 (日本)2年(979年)に方略試を受けた大江匡衡は、事前に出題博士であった菅原文時から問題の出題箇所の通告を受けた(『江談抄』)とされ、更には11世紀に入ると十上制(一定回数試験を受けても合格できなかった者に対して特別に合格を認める制度)さえ導入されるようになっていった。
- Following this, the examination gradually became superficial: it is said ('Godansho' (an ancient journal)) that OE no Masahira, who took the horyakushi exam in 979, had been informed what would be on the exam from his examiner, SUGAWARA no Fumitoki, while in the 11th century, even the jujo system (a system in which those who could not pass the exam after taking it a certain number of times would be granted special acceptance) was introduced.
- 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
- While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.
- 時代劇等では、大名行列が往来を通り過ぎるときには必ず先導の旗持ちの「下にー、下にー」との声にあわせ百姓、商人などは脇により平伏しているシーンが登場するが、実際にはこの掛け声を使えるのは徳川御三家(なお水戸藩は例外で参勤交代はなかった)だけで、ほかの大名家は「よけろ~、よけろ~」という掛け声を用い、脇に避けるだけでよかった。
- In jidaigeki (historical play), there sometimes is a scene that a standard-bearer calls out 'Shitani, Shitani (Down on your knees, down on your knees) ' when daimyo-gyoretsu goes through a street, letting peasants and merchants prostrate at the side of the street, but actually this call-out could have been used by only Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family) (Mito domain was exceptionally having no Sankinkotai), and other daimyo families instead used 'Yokero, Yokero (Step aside, step aside) ', just letting people step aside.
- 北京の火鍋料理に「羊肉(シュワンヤンロウ, ピンイン:shuàn yáng ròu)」という羊肉でしゃぶしゃぶする料理があり、鳥取市出身で民芸運動の指導者であった吉田璋也が、戦後 京都 十二段家で戦時中に軍医として赴任していた北京の料理を我が国に伝え、羊肉を牛肉に替え、柳宗悦や河井寛次郎等の助言を得て今日の形となったという。
- Beijing has a mutton hot pot dish known as 'shuan yang rou,' and this is said to have developed into modern shabu-shabu after being introduced to Japan following the World War II by Tottori City native Shoya YOSHIDA, leader of the mingei (folk art) movement, who was stationed in Beijing as an army medic during the war and introduced it at his Nijudanya restaurant in Kyoto, changing the main ingredient from mutton to beef, and receiving the input of individuals such as; Sosetsu YANAGI and Kanjiro KAWAI.
- この浄土宗側の主張も全く根拠の無い事ではなく、浄土真宗を開いた親鸞が著した『高僧和讃』において「智慧光のちからより、本師源空(法然)あらはれて、浄土真宗ひらきつゝ、選択本願のべたまふ」と著し、親鸞が師である法然を真の浄土宗の指導者としてその教えを「浄土真宗」と評し、自らもその継承者として「真実之教浄土真宗」(『顕浄土真実教行証文類』)と述べている。
- The opinion of the Jodoshu sect was not groundless: Shinran, the founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect, wrote in his book 'Koso Wasan' that 'his master Honen appeared from the light of enlightenment and founded the Jodo Shinshu sect, and stated his vow,' describing his master Honen as a leader of the real '真' Jodo sect '浄土宗,' expressing the master's teachings as the Jodo Shinshu '浄土真宗' and himself as the successor to Honen, and called the teachings 'the real teachings of the Jodo Shinshu sect.'
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- 1339年(延元4年/暦応2年)に後醍醐天皇が死去すると親房が南朝の指導的人物となるが、親房が1354年(正平9年/文和3年)に死去すると南朝はまた衰微し、幕府内での抗争で失脚した細川清氏が楠木正儀らと南朝に帰順して一時は京都を占拠するものの1367年(正平22年/貞治6年)に敗れ、以降は大規模な南朝の攻勢もなくなり、足利義詮時代には大内弘世や山名時氏なども帰服する。
- When Emperor Godaigo passed away in 1339, Chikafusa became the de facto leader of the Southern Court, but when Chikafusa himself died in 1354, the Southern Court again fell into decline; having lost the internal power struggle within the Ashikaga shogunate, Kiyouji HOSOKAWA switched allegiance to Masanori KUSUNOKI and the Southern Court and together managed to briefly occupy Kyoto, but in 1367 they were defeated, and thereafter the Southern Court lost its large-scale military might, and even suffered the loss of Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA, who submitted to the shogunate during the rule of Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- 江戸時代までは統一名称は無く地方により呼び方が異なり、「乱破(らっぱ)」「素破(すっぱ、“スッパ抜き”という俗語の語源)」「水破(すっぱ)」「出抜(すっぱ)」「突破(とっぱ)」「透破(とっぱ)」「伺見(うかがみ)」「奪口(だっこう)」「草」「軒猿」「郷導(きょうどう)」「郷談(きょうだん)」「物見」「間士(かんし)」「聞者役(ききものやく)」「歩き巫女」「かまり」「早道の者」などがある。
- Until the Edo period, there was no standardized name for ninja and it varied in each region, for example, there were name such as 'Rappa', 'Suppa (素破) (the origin of a slang word 'Suppanuki' meaning divulgation)', 'Suppa (水破)', 'Suppa (出抜)', 'Toppa (突破)', 'Toppa (透破)', 'Ukagami', 'Dakko', 'Kusa', 'Nokizaru', 'Kyodo', 'Kyodan', 'Monomi', 'Kanshi', 'Kikimonoyaku', 'Arukimiko', 'Kamari' and 'Hayamichi no mono'.
- 会場となった3大学は京都大学・同志社大学・立命館大学(当時の校地は鴨川 (淀川水系)西岸の広小路通 (京都市)に所在していた)各大学であったが、このうち京都大学では会場に予定されていた法経一番教室の使用を大学当局(服部峻治郎学長)が認めようとせず、警官隊導入により抗議する学生を排除するなどしていたため当局と学生自治会である同学会(1951年の京大天皇事件の結果解散をよぎなくされ、この年の初夏、学生による全学投票を経て再建されたばかりであった)との間には険悪な雰囲気が漂っていた。
- The chosen universities as places for the meetings were Kyoto University, Doshisha University and Ritsumeikan University (the then campus was located at Hirokoji-dori Street, the west shore of the Kamo-gawa River of Yodogawa River system in Kyoto City), however, Kyoto University authorities (President Shunjiro HATTORI) didn't permit the use of classroom number one of the faculty of law and economics, and called the police to remove protesting students, as a result, an explosive atmosphere remained between the authorities and the students, especially the students' association 'Dogakukai' of Kyoto University (although the Dogakukai had been forced to dissolve after the Kyodai Tenno Incident of 1951, in the early summer of 1953 it had just been reorganized by a vote in which all the students had been involved).
- なお、「大友宗麟の名代として選ばれた」と一般に知られているが、ローマ教皇などに宛てられた宗麟の書状の花押が、古い時代(1564年~1572年頃)に使用されていたものであったり、署名が当時、宗麟が洗礼名(フランシスコ)を漢音で表した「普蘭師司怙」や、それを略した「府蘭」を用いていたのに対し、他の書状には見られない「不龍獅子虎」という署名を用いており、彼らが携帯していた大友宗麟の書状は偽作である可能性が高く、実際には宗麟は少年団派遣を関知しておらず、有馬氏・大村氏・ヴァリニャーノが主導となって行ったものであり、「大友宗麟の名代」として彼を任命したのは、宗麟本人では無い可能性が高い事が松田毅一氏の論文などで指摘されている。
- Furthermore, it is generally known that he was 'chosen to represent Sorin OTOMO', but the Kao (written seal mark) on the letters written by Sorin to the Pope and so on were ones used in the earlier periods (1564 - 1572), and in contrast to the signature '普蘭師司怙' which was expressed by kanon (Han reading of Chinese characters) of Sorin's Christian name (Francisco), or '府蘭' (Furan) which was its abbreviation, both of which Sorin used at that time, the signature '不龍獅子虎' which was not seen in other letters was used in the letter to the Pope; the letter written by Sorin OTOMO that they were carrying has a high chance of being a forgery, and in fact, Sorin had no concern in youth dispatch since it was done under the leadership of ARIMA, OMURA, and Valignano, and there is a high possibility that it was not Sorin himself that appointed Mancio to be 'the representative of Sorin OTOMO', as is pointed out in the monograph and so on by Kiichi MATSUDA.