対: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 臨床的対応
- clinical management
- 対称に玉兎。
- The opposite story was gyokuto (jade rabbit).
- 生菓子の対。
- The opposite of nama-gashi (uncooked cakes made from glutinous rice, agar and an).
- 対象商品・業態
- Products and Services
- 対義語は誕生日。
- The antonym is birthday.
- 徳一に対する怒り
- Anger against Tokuitsu
- 南都教団への対抗
- The antagonism against Nanto sects
- 左近桜に相対した。
- It faced Sakon no sakura, the cherry tree of Sakon.
- 右近橘に相対した。
- It faced Ukon no Tachibana, the mandarin orange tree.
- 色彩は大袖に対応。
- The color of kosode was in accordance with that of osode.
- 塗香に対する言葉。
- It is the antonym of Zuko.
- 権実相対ともいう。
- It is also called Gonjitsu sotai.
- 日本の三味線との対比
- Comparison with the Japanese shamisen
- 反対語は野暮である。
- The antonym of iki is yabo (being uncouth, senseless, rustic, etc.).
- 「文舞」に対する言葉。
- It is the word opposed to 'Bunnomai Dance.'
- 対比される外国からの影響
- Comparative influences from abroad
- 日蓮に対する天台教学の影響
- The influence of Tendai Doctrine on Nichiren
- 折伏活動に対する社会的批判
- Social criticism against shakubuku activities
- 外陣(げじん)と対置される。
- It is in contrast with a 'gejin' (outer place of worship for public people).
- 堺千家に対して傍系に当たる。
- It was of the subsidiary line compared to Sakaisenke.
- 剣道の試合は常に1対1で戦う。
- A Kendo match always involved one-to-one fighting.
- 礼拝の対象は、本尊のみである。
- The subject of raihai is the honzon only.
- 帝曰く「朕に対する者は誰ぞ。」
- Teiiwaku: 'Chin ni taisuru mono wa darezo.' (The Emperor asked: 'Who are you?')
- 8号壁の文殊菩薩像と対をなす。
- The image is paired with the wall No. 8, the image of Monju Bosatsu.
- いわゆるドンシャリの反対である。
- Their sound design is opposite to that of so-called 'Don Shari' ('don' refers to low-pitched sound and 'shari' refers to high-pitched sound).
- 主たる比較対象は美山錦であった。
- Miyama nishiki was the main standard for comparison.
- 通常、手焙りは対で作られていた。
- Teaburi were generally made in pairs.
- 21条・禅助に対して報恩する気持ち
- Article 21: Repayment of a kindness to zenjo
- 古流柔術に対してでさえそうである。
- Even koryu jujutsu is regarded as the same.
- 厚揚げに対して薄揚げとも呼ばれる。
- Aburaage is also called 'usuage' (thin, fried bean curd) in contrast to 'atsuage' (thick, fried bean curd).
- 基本的には1対1の2名で行われる。
- Basically, Hanetsuki is played by two players on a one-on-one basis.
- 同等・目下に対して用いる命令表現。
- This is an imperative expression used toward equal or lower ranking persons.
- 以下に比較対照をいくつか列挙する。
- Some comparisons are recited below.
- 11月の新嘗祭と対になる祭祀である。
- Kinen-sai festival and 'Niiname-sai festival' (the ceremonial offering by the Emperor of newly-harvested rice to the deities, done in November) come as a pair.
- 飾りは左右非対称な配置となっている。
- The ornaments are arranged asymmetrically.
- 反対語として下記「的を射る」がある。
- The antonym is 'mato wo iru' as follows.
- 紙はすべて乾湿に対する抵抗力が弱い。
- All paper have a weak resistance to drying and moisture.
- 2通の遺言書に対する最高裁判所の判断
- Supreme Court decision on two wills
- 対して出端は話の出だしなどに使われる。
- In contrast, '出端' is used meaning the beginning of a story and the like.
- (反対語 → 迎え火 お盆の記事参照)
- Its antonym is 'mukaebi' (ceremonial bonfire to welcome spirits of the dead that return to their old homes during the Bon period); for more information please refer to the Article on 'Obon.'
- 位牌や法名軸・過去帳に対して行わない。
- The believers should do gongyo not toward an ihai (ancestral tablets), a homyo jiku (priest's name or posthumous Buddhist name)hanging scroll, nor a kakocho (family register of deaths).
- 石清水八幡宮の南祭に対し北祭ともいう。
- While the Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine matsuri is called the South Festival, Aoi Matsuri is called the North Festival.
- 対になる存在としては風神が挙げられる。
- Fujin (wind god) is cited as another pair of Raijin.
- 二条城と方広寺大仏殿を対比させている。
- The Nijo-jo Castle and the Great Buddha hall of Hoko-ji Temple are painted contrastively.
- 初対面の人にむやみに個人情報を教えない。
- Do not give personal information to a person you meet for the first time.
- 江戸唄に対する地(地元=上方)の歌である。
- It's a song of a local area (i.e., the Kyoto/Osaka area) as opposed to an Edo song.
- これを初節句の際、雛壇の横に左右対で飾る。
- These are displayed on the first annual festival of a baby, on the left and right of hinadan.
- 寒造りの対立概念として扱われることもある。
- Year wide production runs counter to the approach to cold-weather production.
- 桜の名所に対応した細かい予想を行っている。
- That company provides detailed forecasts corresponding to the locations renowned for cherry blossoms.
- 足駄(雨天用)に対する意味でこの名がある。
- This was named after the meaning against Ashida (for rainy weather).
- 特に、仏や死者に対して香をたいて拝むこと。
- It especially means to pray to Buddha or the deceased with burning incense.
- 生地鞠は生地のままのもので、白鞠に対する。
- Contrary to the white ball, a material ball is not painted.
- 転じて、男色の対象とされる若年の男性の意。
- It has changed its meaning to young men involved in homosexual relationships.
- 色彩は位階に対応する袖が大きく丈が短い上着。
- It is a short jacket with wide sleeves, and the color differed in accordance with court ranks.
- 「いき」に対して「いなせ」という言葉がある。
- There is a word 'inase' having a similar meaning to 'iki.'
- 元日を大正月と呼ぶのに対してこのように呼ぶ。
- This term is used in contrast to Ooshogatsu (the big or primary New Year's Day), which refers to New Year's Day.
- (蟇目の儀と鳴弦の儀は相対をなすものである)
- (Hikime no gi opposes Meigen no gi)
- 教えてしまった場合は着信拒否等の対応を取る。
- Once giving the personal information, take actions such as do-not-disturb mode.
- 通常は女神であるが密教では男神と一対とする。
- It combines to make a pair with a god in Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism) though it is usually a goddess.
- 寺院や僧尼に対する保護の姿勢が貫かれている。
- It was steeped with protective attitudes towards religious institutions, priests and nuns.
- 下方には供物台とその左右に一対の獅子がある。
- At the bottom of the painting, there is an offering stand, of which a pair of Shishi lions (the left-handed guardian dog of a Shinto shrine) is on the left and right.
- At the bottom of the painting, there is an offering stand, of which a pair of Shishi lions is on the left and right.
- In the lower part of the mural, there is an offering stand and one pair of Shishi lions on the left and the right.
- 雅楽の原義は「雅正の楽舞」で、「俗楽」の対。
- The original meaning of Gagaku is 'Gasei-no-Gakubu,' and its antonym is 'Zokugaku (worldly music).'
- 「淡麗」の対極にあるのはむしろこの濃醇である。
- Nojun is in the opposite end of 'tanrei.'
- 四季醸造の対立概念として用いられることもある。
- It is sometimes used in contrast to shikijozo (sake brewing in all seasons).
- 体勢の崩れた相手に対し投げ技や固め技を掛ける。
- Throwing techniques or grappling can be performed against the opponent whose posture has lost balance.
- 検使役の座が切腹する者の座の対面に設けられる。
- The coroner's seat was placed facing that of the seppukunin.
- 天台宗に伝わる密教を台密と呼ぶのに対していう。
- This term is used to differentiate it from Taimitsu, which is Esoteric Buddhism passed down in Tendai Buddhism.
- 床脇 床を挟んで付書院と反対側に配される空間。
- Tokowaki: a space created at the opposite side of tsukeshoin across toko.
- 5-9対の小葉は1-2cmの楕円形で縁は鋸歯状。
- Five to nine pairs of folioles are oval-shaped, 1 to 2 centimeters, and have sawtooth edges.
- 反則を一試合中に二回すると対戦相手の一本になる。
- If a contender commits two fouls during one match, the other contender will automatically get one Ippon.
- 正介錯人は、切腹人に対して名を名乗り、一礼する。
- The main kaishakunin would say his name to the seppukunin and bow.
- なお、俗に、主に閻魔に対する信仰ととる者もいる。
- Some, commonly, take the idea as a religious belief in Enma.
- 開発時に主に比較対象となったのは五百万石であった。
- Gohyakumangoku was the standard for comparison during development.
- なかには麹や水に祀る対象を特化している神社もある。
- There are certain shrines for which the object of worship is limited to koji or water.
- 組手は、主に二人で相対しておこなう練習形式である。
- Kumite refers to the face-to-face karate practice style (sparring), mainly done as a duo.
- 当然ながら顔面に対しての手技による攻撃が許される。
- Naturally, attacks to the face with the hands (punches to the face) are allowed.
- 力士の足首への負担を減らすなどの安全対策でもある。
- This is also a safety measure to protect ankles of sumo wrestlers, for example.
- その教理は絶対他力による「十一不二」に代表される。
- His religious principle is represented by 'Juichi Funi' (ten kalpa and one chant are not different) by absolute power of Buddha.
- 日蓮宗では、五重相対の最後を、この教観相対とする。
- In Nichiren sect, this Kyokan sotai is regarded as the last of Goju no Sotai.
- 火袋を支える部分で最下部の基礎と対照的な形をとる。
- Chudai refers to a part supporting hibukuro and taking a form contrasting to the bottom part of toro, that is, the base.
- 江戸歌舞伎と対比的なものとして論ぜられる場合が多い。
- It is often mentioned as an art comparable with Edo Kabuki (Kabuki of old Tokyo).
- 黄金色ほどは、色が鑑賞の対象とはならないことが多い。
- Compared to golden yellow, this color is less often an object of appreciation.
- 総硫黄(HS-,S2O3--,H2Sに対応するもの)
- Total sulfur (substances corresponding to HS-,S2O3-- and H2S)
- この言葉は常に他の国からの影響と対比して用いられる。
- This term is used at all times as compared to influences from abroad.
- その事に対し親鸞は、息子の善鸞を事態の収拾に送った。
- Shinran sent his son Zenran in order to save the situation.
- 上段の間の中央に、家康が座って対面の儀式を行なった。
- Ieyasu was seated at the center of Jodan no ma and held a ceremony to see the Emperor.
- 大寄せ茶会とは、多数の客を対象にして行う茶会である。
- Oyose chakai is tea ceremony that serves many guests.
- 両天簪:簪本体の両端に対になる飾りがついた形のもの。
- Ryoten kanzashi: Kanzashi with a pair of ornaments attached on both sides of the body.
- 燔師とは対照的に、肌理細かな斑点が見られる器をいう。
- In contrast to Hanshi, it means pottery that have a texture of fine spots on the surface.
- いもち病、紋枯病、縞葉枯病に対する抵抗性が問題となる。
- What is important is the resistance to blast, the sheath blight disease and theleaf stripe disease.
- この対策として、歯にゴムを貼った下駄も販売されている。
- As a countermeasure against the above, Geta with teeth of which the bottoms are covered by rubber are sold.
- 事実、弓騎兵に対抗し得るのは弓矢や弓騎兵のみであった。
- In fact, it was only bows and arrows or archery cavalry soldiers who could possibly resist archery cavalry soldiers.
- どちらが本来の形を留めているかいまだ意見の対立がある。
- There is still difference of opinion as to which is truer to the original form.
- 長裃に対して、袴が通常の丈であることからこの名がある。
- Contrary to the long kamishimo, the name hakama was determined by its usual length.
- 鎧や鎖帷子を着用した部位に対する斬撃が有効でないこと。
- Attacks by cutting against the parts with armor or habergeon is not effective.
- 陰陽道では、桜の陰と宴会の陽が対になっていると解釈する。
- Based on the philosophy of Yin and Yang, the Yin of cherry blossoms and the Yang of the picnics are complementary.
- よって鑑評会での評価の対象になりえないという問題がある。
- Therefore, the problem is that ginka cannot be the object of appreciation in kanpyokai.
- また、『八丁味噌』に対して「白味噌」と称される事もある。
- It is often called Shiro miso (white miso) as opposed to 'Hacho miso' (red miso).
- 色目は季節毎に分類され、用いる時期もほぼ季節に対応する。
- Irome are broken down by the season and the time of the year, each category used approximately according to the season.
- このことから、この二つはよく対比して論じられる事が多い。
- Thus these two are often discussed in comparison with each other.
- このため真言立川流とよく対比されて論じられることが多い。
- So, it is often discussed in comparison with the Shingon sect Tachikawa school.
- 参祷者が永眠者と対面する際には、棺への献花の習慣がある。
- When Santosha see the person in eternal sleep, it is customary for Santosha to make Kenka to the coffin.
- 乱戦や狭い空間での闘いでは長柄武器に対して有利だったこと
- In a tumble fight or a fight in a small area, it has an advantage against long handle weapons.
- ただし生卵に対する抵抗は強いため、用いられないことが多い。
- However, the raw eggs are often excluded due to Americans having a strong dislike for raw eggs.
- 市内に点在する製麺所がバチを求める客の要望に対し考案した。
- The noodle making factories dotting the city invented it, catering to the customers who want bachi.
- そのため、国の広さに対して、温泉開発自体が途上状態にある。
- Under such circumstances, hot spring exploitation itself is in the stage of development relative to the size of the country.
- 話によっては娘に対する計略のモチーフを欠いている話もある。
- Depending on the story, some stories lack the scheme to trick the daughter.
- 替手(かえて)は本手に対して合奏用に作られた対旋律パート。
- Kaete is an accompanying part composed for an ensemble contrary to honte.
- 遠距離に対応する為に、遠的専用の細い矢を用いる選手が多い。
- Many players use slim arrows designed exclusively for enteki, in order to deal with a long distance.
- この美人画の分類は、明治以前の絵画まで遡って対象とされた。
- The category of bijinga applied retroactively to the paintings before the Meiji period.
- 以後、五山・十刹に加えられなかった禅林に対して与えられた。
- Thereafter, the title 'Shozan' was given to Zenrin that had not been given the title 'Gozan' or 'Jussatsu.'
- 摂受(しょうじゅ)とは、折伏(しゃくぶく)に対する反対語。
- Shoju is an antonym for Shakubuku (to correct another's false views and awaken that person to the truth of Buddhism).
- 二条城での家康は、対面の儀式のあと、下段の間に降りていく。
- After the ceremony of seeing the Emperor, Ieyasu went down to the Gedan no ma.
- また対照実験を行っていない為、他の刀剣との比較はできない。
- There are no controlled experiments, so it is impossible to compare them with other swords.
- この場合、すべて左手のポジションにより頻繁な転調に対応する。
- In such pieces the left-hand positioning is used for frequent tuning.
- 原材料白米に対する酒粕の割合を、粕歩合(かすぶあい)という。
- The ratio of sakekasu to polished rice as raw material is called kasubuai (literally, ratio of sake lees).
- 横で鶏卵(一枚に対し1~3個好みで)を目玉焼きのように焼く。
- Next to it, hen's eggs (1 to 3 eggs for one piece) are grilled sunny-side up.
- 水は、酒の原材料のなかで唯一、表示義務の対象とされていない。
- Among the raw materials used for sake, water is the only ingredient not included in mandatory information.
- 平安時代中期ごろから「才」「漢才」と対比的に使われはじめた。
- It began to be used from the middle of the Heian period as a contrast to 'zae' (scholarship) and 'karazae' (Chinese learning).
- 上方中心の生田流に対し、江戸の山田検校が1777年頃に創始。
- Yamada Kengyo in Edo established the school around 1777 against Ikuta school in Kamigata.
- 弁士に対して歌舞伎のような礼賛の掛け声がかかることがあった。
- Occasionally, katsudo benshi won a call of praise from the audience, like in Kabuki.
- また、対になる貝を違えないところから夫婦和合の象徴とされた。
- Because the shells did not change their partner, they became a symbol of conjugal harmony.
- 槍出しを左右交互に出すという決まりがあり、飾りは左右非対称。
- There is a rule to attach yaridashi alternately from side to side, and the ornaments are arranged asymmetrically.
- これは、男女対抗戦であり、負けた方が、酒を振舞ったとされる。
- This was a competition between men and women, and it is said that losers entertained winners with sake.
- 本来の粕取り焼酎とはまったく別な、粗悪焼酎に対する俗称である。
- Poor-quality shochu is commonly called 'Kasutori' and it is completely different from kasutori shochu.
- スポーツと武道は対立概念でありスポーツ性が増せば武道性は減る。
- Conceptually, sports are contrary to budo, and thus the more of a sports aspect there is, the less of a budo aspect there will be.
- この改定に先立ち、当時国税庁ではに対して一般から意見を募った。
- Before this amendment, the National Tax Administration Agency advertised for public opinions.
- これは、江戸幕府の盲人に対する福祉制度としてとらえられていた。
- This was regarded as the welfare system by Edo bakufu for the blind.
- 昔の大きな屋敷にはこの対の火鉢25組50個置ける部屋があった。
- Formerly, large mansions had a room containing 25 pairs (50 in total) hibachi.
- これに対し、おからの再利用については様々な研究がなされている。
- Thus, various studies on the reuse of okara are conducted.
- 新しい仏教をもって、奈良の旧仏教に対抗させようとしたのである。
- He wanted to use new Buddhism to oppose the old Buddhism of Nara.
- 聖職者が即位する君主に対して行う儀式である塗油との違いである。
- This point illustrates the difference from unction which was a ritual a clergyman carried out on the king about to be enthroned.
- 345の直角三角形に対し、こちらは「七五三の三角形」と呼ばれる。
- Besides a right triangle with 3, 4, and 5 sides, this triangle is called 'triangle of shichi-go-san.'
- これに対して、戸外で使うものでは煙と香りが強い製品が主流である。
- By contrast, Senko which emits more smoke and aroma is mainly used outdoors.
- それに対し、日本の楽器の多くはその淘汰を受けなかったからである。
- Contrastingly, most Wagakki weren't subjected to such adaptations.
- 反対面が焼けてくるとまた専用具でひっくり返し、ボール状に整える。
- When the other side of the dough begins to roast, turn it over again with the eyeleteer and make it into a perfect ball.
- 大和魂の語・概念は、漢才という語・概念と対のものとして生まれた。
- The term and concept of yamato-damashii emerged as a contrast to those of karazae.
- 当初は神名帳記載の全ての神社(3132座)が祈願の対象であった。
- At first, all the shrines as many as 3132 listed on 'Jinmyocho' (the list of deities, that is, the list of shrines) were prayed to.
- - 対象の動物の特性(俊敏性や飛翔性)数、大きさ、生息環境など。
- The nature of aiming at animals (legerity and flying ability), number, size, living circumstances, and so on.
- アーチェリーの相対語として銃を使った射的をシューティングという。
- Target practice using a gun is called shooting, which is a relative term used in archery.
- これらの事からも古くから弓矢が信仰の対象と成ってきた事が窺える。
- Therefore, it can be surmised that Yumiya has been worshipped since ancient times.
- 丈の長い弓全般を指し、コンポジットボウの相対語として使用される。
- It refers to long bows in general and is used as a relative term for a composite bow.
- 妻戸とは、扉の事で、建物に対して、妻のような役割から妻戸という。
- The term tsumado refers to a door, which originates from its role like a wife against a building.
- もとの三味線に対して異なった旋律を持つ箏パートを作るようになった。
- He began to create so (koto) parts with melodies that were different from the shamisen parts.
- この会議で『春秋』では春秋公羊伝に対して春秋穀梁伝が優位に立った。
- In this meeting, Shunju Kokuryo-den (Annotation of Guliang on Spring and Autumn Annals) prevailed over Shunju Kuyo-den (Annotation of Gongyang on Spring and Autumn Annals) in 'Shunju.'
- 逆に性悪説の荀子や性善悪混説の揚雄は評価の対象から外されていった。
- On the other hand, Junshi (Xun Zi) of the ethical doctrine that human nature is fundamentally evil, and Yo Yu (Yang Xiong) of the ethical doctrine that human fundamentally consists of the mixture of good nature and evil one were excluded from evaluation.
- 相対的に辛味が刺激されないため「甘口」と間違えられやすいのである。
- Umakuchi can be easily mistaken for 'amakuchi' because, relatively speaking, the human organ that senses karami (dryness) is not really stimulated when something that is umakuchi is drunk.
- カセットコンロを跨いで使う方法は安全面から絶対に避けるべきである。
- The method of straddling and using a portable gas burner should be absolutely avoided because of the safety hazards.
- 総硫黄(S)HS-,S2O3--,H2Sに対応するもの 1mg以上
- Total sulfur (S) substances corresponding to HS-,S2O3--,H2S: 1mg or more
- そのため、統計対比は2年前の統計を対象に行うのが通例となっている。
- Due to this trait, it became a custom that when statistical comparison is made, the figures used are compared to those of 2 years before.
- ボケ役に対しツッコミ役が口を挟む行為を「ツッコミを入れる」と言う。
- The act of tsukkomi butting in the boke's jokes is called 'tsukkomi wo ireru.'
- おろし金に対して直線に力をこめて一気にすりおろすとより辛味が増す。
- Greater pungency is obtained when the daikon radish is grated vertically against the oroshigane in a single stroke.
- 投扇興(とうせんきょう)とは日本の伝統的対戦型ゲームの一種である。
- Tosenkyo is a Japanese game (throwing fans at a target) that is one of the Japanese traditional multiplayer games.
- これに対して日本的な主題を描くものが産まれ、「大和絵」と呼ばれた。
- By comparison, drawings with Japanese themes were called 'Yamato-e.'
- これに対して、「児童画」や「幼児画」は子供自身が描いた絵画をいう。
- Whereas, 'jidoga' or 'yojiga' means pictures drawn by children themselves.
- これに対し、仏教の説く、執着を断った超越的な智慧を出世間智という。
- On the other hand, the Buddhist teachings advocate the transcendental wisdom that got rid of the attachments to things, which is called 'Shussekenchi.'
- それに対し、大乗教は自利・利他共に解脱・悟り、得脱せしめんとする。
- Against that, in Mahayana Buddhism, the object is the Gedatsu and the Satori of oneself and the others.
- 起源的には長裃より古くから存在するが、長裃に対して略礼装とされる。
- As far as the origin is concerned, it existed longer than the naga-kamishimo, but compared to the long kamishimo, it is a semi informal dress.
- 対して、通説を支持し新説へ批判を加えるのは年配の美術史学者に多い。
- On the other hand, it is often senior art historians who support the popular theory and criticize the new theory.
- 極稀に、可憐さとは正反対に、精悍な体育会系に描写される場合もある。
- Very rarely, they were described as virile young men contrary to pretty boys.
- 安土桃山時代に流行したタイプの小袖で、女性でも対丈に仕立てられる。
- A type of kosode prevailing in Azuchi-Momoyama period and even women can tailor it to tsuitake (full length of height).
- このため2005年から始まった対日輸出は現在実質的に停止状態にある。
- Thus, exports to Japan which begun in 2005 have come to a virtual standstill today.
- 開発時、主に比較対象とされた(ライバル視された)のは美山錦であった。
- During development, the target for comparison (deemed as a rival) was Miyama nishiki.
- 新学を重んじた重鎮秦檜の死後、高宗によって新学の地位は相対化された。
- After the death of Sin Kai (Qin Hui), a grand person who valued New learning, the position of New learning was relativized by Koso.
- さらに「米麹」の総重量は、白米の総重量に対して15%以上必要である。
- It is also required that the total weight of 'malted rice' is fifteen or more of the total weight of polished rice.
- 旧仮名遣いのいろはの五十音に対応したものが、最も古典的で有名である。
- The most classical and famous karuta cards are those corresponding to traditional Japanese syllabary.
- また、盲僧座とよばれる別組織も存在し、しばしば対立することもあった。
- In addition, there was also another group called mosoza (the organization of blind biwa players in the appearance of a Buddhist priest), and the organizations often confronted each other.
- そのために、安全に対する以下の設備が、一般に弓道場では行われている。
- Therefore, safety equipment including the following is generally installed in the kyudojo.
- 横広がりな形で、飾りや人形などはおおむね左右対称な配置となっている。
- The decoration extends transversally with ornaments and dolls which are placed in a largely symmetrical arrangement.
- 舁き山笠や曳き山笠に対し、運行せずお飾りとして置いておくだけの山笠。
- Unlike a kaki yamakasa or a hiki yamakasa, a kazari yamakasa is not moved, but it is only displayed as a decoration.
- 七味唐辛子に対して、唐辛子のみで構成されていることからこの名がある。
- Unlike Shichimi-togarashi (literally, cayenne pepper powder with seven flavors), Ichimi-togarashi is composed solely of red pepper, and therefore it's called 'Ichimi-togarashi' (literally, pure cayenne pepper powder).
- 真宗大谷派においては、仏恩・師恩に対する報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆すること。
- In the Otani school of the Jodo Shishu sect, it means a hoon hosha (repay a kindness and thank for a virtue) and a buttokusantan (praise the virtues of Buddha) to butsuon (the graces of Buddha) and shion (favors one receive from one's teacher).
- 一般的な簪とは逆に、飾り部分に対して髪に刺す部分が垂直に付いている。
- Unlike ordinary kanzashi, its stick is attached vertically to the ornamental part.
- 対する「枯節」は「かつお・かれぶし」で、「かつおぶし削りぶし」の原料。
- Meanwhile, 'karebushi' is, in the list of product contents, expressed as 'katsuo-karebushi,' and it's used as the material of 'katsuobushi kezuribushi' (extra-high-quality shaved pieces of katsuobushi).
- 端唄や小唄などに対して、江戸時代初期に上方で行われた長編の三味線歌曲。
- Compared to Hauta, Kouta and the like, the Nagauta genre developed as a lengthened form of the shamisen accompanied song performed in the areas of Kyoto and Osaka in the early Edo period.
- スポーツと武道は対立概念ではなく、武道でありスポーツでもある事は可能。
- Conceptually, sports aren't contrary to the budo, and thus it's possible to be both a sport and budo at the same time.
- これを菊五郎劇団・吉右衛門劇団・猿之助劇団と対比して関西歌舞伎と呼ぶ。
- This art form is called Kansai Kabuki in contrast to the Kikugoro troupe, Kichiemon troupe and Ennosuke troupe.
- 対象とする清酒を15℃にし、規定の浮秤(ふひょう)を浮かべて計測する。
- It is measured by adjusting sake's temperature to fifteen degrees centigrade using a specified aerometer that floats in sake.
- 反対に後味がぼけた感じがするときは「コシがない」「コシが弱い」という。
- Contrarily, if the aftertaste is unclear one, it is expressed as 'koshi ga nai (Literally, 'It has no koshi') or 'koshi ga yowai (Literally, 'Koshi is weak').
- 柔術が対決で負けて消滅したというより、柔術が柔道化していったのである。
- It would be appropriate to say jujutsu evolved into judo rather than to say jujutsu disappeared after being defeated by judo.
- 後者に対する統制がどこまで行われていたかについては意見が分かれている。
- It is controversial how regulation against the latter was implemented.
- 政府が景気対策で「内需拡大」を訴えたところ、恵諦は公式の席で反対した。
- When the government appealed for 'domestic demand expansion' as economic measures, Etai disagreed in public appearances.
- 左隻に二条城(徳川)、右隻に方広寺大仏殿(豊臣)を対比的に描いている。
- On the left wing is Nijo-jo Castle (of the Tokugawa Clan), and, in contrast, on the right is the Great Buddha hall of Hoko-ji Temple (of the Toyotomi clan).
- 開化党(革新派)と頑固党(保守派)が激しく対立して、士族階層は動揺した。
- The Civilization Party (reformists) and the Resolute Party (conservatives) cut each other's throats, shaking the foundation of the warrior class.
- 宗教施設の中には神仏習合の権現として参拝の対象になっている例も存在する。
- There is also an example that some religious facilities are the target of prayer as Gongen (avatar) of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism.
- その一方で、美人画に描かれる対象は必ずしも女性に限らないとの考えもある。
- On the other hand, there is also the view that the subject depicted in bijinga does not have to be a woman.
- 美しく装飾された合貝を納めた貝桶は八角形の形をしており二個一対であった。
- Octagonal kaioke filled with beautifully decorated awasegai (shells for kaiawase) were made in pairs.
- 座ったままで行う正式な弓術であり、対戦式で的に当った点数で勝敗を争った。
- It was an official Kyujutsu performed while seated, trying to reach conclusions with scores in a game.
- It was done while remaining seated, and participants competed for the points gained by hitting a target.
- 2号壁の菩薩像と向かい合う位置にあり、一対の像であることは明らかである。
- It is undoubtedly that the Bosatsu image on the wall No. 5 is paired with the Bosatsu image on the wall No. 2, and they face each other.
- 書院造の障壁画として、有名な二条城の二の丸殿舍や西本願寺の対面所がある。
- Ninomaru densha (the hall of the second fortress) in the Nijo-jo Castle and the meeting place in the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple are famous for the pictures on partitions of Shoin-zukuri style.
- 実際に日本国内における桜の花見はソメイヨシノを対象としているところが多い。
- The most hanami in Japan is to enjoy viewing Someiyoshino trees in many areas.
- 尺八の楽曲分類で大きなウエイトを占めるのは、本曲と外曲という対概念である。
- The most emphasis on distinguishing types of music played with the shakuhachi falls on the genres called 'honkyoku' and 'gaikyoku,' which occupy opposite ends of the conceptual field.
- 武道の理念は流派、武道家により様々であり、正反対の考え方さえ存在している。
- The ideal of budo varies from one school to another or from one martial artist to another, and contradictory views exist.
- 中学生以上対象の昇級審査会に受審し、合格するとその時点で一級が授与される。
- If someone takes a Kendo Kyu examination for junior high school students and above and passes it, he or she is granted Ikkyu at that time.
- 一方、鄭樵・洪邁・程大昌らが経史の考証をもって学とし、道学と対峙している。
- Meanwhile, Tei Sho, Ko Mai, Tei Daisho, etc. established the historical investigation of Chinese classics on ethics, politics, and history as a learning, and conflicted with the Do school.
- 一般に温度上昇によって、舌に感じられる酸味が相対的に下がり、旨味が上がる。
- Generally speaking, a sour taste sensed by the tongue decreases as the rise of sake temperature, and umami increases.
- これも鑑評会などでは評価の対象から漏れてしまうとして問題視する識者も多い。
- There are many knowledgeable persons who are of opinion that kaerika is excluded from the objects of appreciation in kanpyokai, etc.
- 定員は25名であり、年金の他に下命された制作に対しては制作費が受給された。
- The quota for Teishitsu Gigeiin was 25, and they received production costs for the work by an official order in addition to a pension.
- その成立の背景には、明治20年前後の龍池会と鑑画会の対立があると言われる。
- It is said that a confrontation between Ryuchikai (Ryuchi party) and Kangakai (Kanga party) in the late 1880's was the background to the establishment of the system.
- 禅師(ぜんじ、旧字:禪師)は、中国・日本において、高徳な禅僧に対する尊称。
- Zenji is an honorific title for venerable Zen monks used in China and Japan.
- 明治34年(1901年)5月、宮武外骨の「滑稽新聞」上で風刺の対象となる。
- In May, 1901, he was satirized on 'the Kokkei shinbun' (satirical newspaper) published by Gaikotsu MIYATAKE.
- 対面の儀式の列席者の大名や公家たちも、全員下段の間に移って、能を見物した。
- All of the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and court nobles who attended the ceremony went down to Gedan no ma and watched the Noh play.
- このように、自治体側の落ち度が参加者の式に対する軽視を助長する場合もあった。
- As stated above, there were also some cases where the failure by autonomy body was conducive to participants' disregard for the ceremony.
- その品種の一粒に対して、心白がどのくらいの大きさを占めるかを%で表したもの。
- The shinpaku manifestation rate shows the percentage of the size of shinpaku in comparison with a grain of that variety.
- 日本では発酵を止めるために蒸すのに対し、中国では釜炒りを行うのが主流である。
- While the major process to stop fermentation is steaming in Japan, Kamairi (roast and roll method) is the major process in China.
- 生田流は角爪を用い、この角を有効に使うため楽器に対し左斜め約45度に構える。
- In the case of the Ikuta school, players use kakuzume (square-shaped pick) and position themselves at an angle of about forty-five degrees left oblique against the instrument in order to use kakuzume effectively.
- 梅酒が熟していない青梅を用いるのに対し、梅干しは6月頃の熟した果実を用いる。
- While umeshu (ume liquor) is prepared from aoume (unripe ume), umeboshi are made with fruits picked ripe in or around June.
- 昭和28年(1953年)5月19日、文部省、剣道に対し社会体育の制限を解除。
- On May 19, 1953, the Ministry of Education lifted the restrictions on Kendo as a social form of physical education.
- しかし、料理酒と同一視された本直しは看過され、相対的に低い税率に抑えられた。
- However, honnaoshi was overlooked since it was identified with cooking liquor, and its tax rate was left relatively low.
- 三等米以上の白米を用い、白米の重量に対する米麹の使用割合が15%以上の清酒。
- Specific name sake is seishu for which polished rice of the third grade or higher and the ratio of malted rice to the weight of polished rice is fifteen percent or more.
- 「芋の煮えたもご存じない」「子は三界の首かせ」も同様に差し替え対象となった。
- Similarly, the card that said, 'Imo no nieta mo gozonji nai,' which literally means, 'He cannot judge whether the potatoes have got boiled,' - the English equivalent is nonexistent but this can be said a disparaging expression about a person who is not aware of what is taking place under its very nose - and the card that said, 'Ko wa sangai no kubikase' (Children suck the mother when they are young, and the father when they are old), were both replaced, too.
- 吹きこぼれない程度の強火で、米が自然に対流するように炊くのが良いといわれる。
- It is said that the rice should be cooked over a high heat, allowing the grains of rice to move naturally, but without the liquid boiling over.
- これは笙より大型で、音域は日本の笙の倍以上あり、素早い動きにも対応している。
- It is larger than the Japanese sho, has more than twice its range and can respond to rapid movements.
- 柔道とは異なり、対武器の技法と腕に対する関節技や投げを中心とした武道である。
- Different from judo, aikido is the martial art that centers on the techniques of counter-weapon, arm joint locking, and throwing.
- 的弓は的と弓のことを指すが、敵や獲物ではなく的を対象とした弓のことでもある。
- The word matoyumi refers to a bow used to shoot a target instead of the enemy or used as a game.
- 的矢は的と矢のことを指すが、敵や獲物ではなく的を対象とした矢のことでもある。
- Matoya (target practice) means a target and an arrow and also means an arrow which is shot at a target instead of an enemy or used in a game.
- これ対し普段着を「ケ着」といったが明治以降から言葉として使用されなくなった。
- On the other hand, everyday wear was called 'ke gi,' but it was no longer used as a word after the Meiji period.
- 仏の本願力は絶対であるがゆえに、それが信じない者にまで及ぶという解釈である。
- They read the sutras and thought that Buddha's power to save people was absolute enough to save people who did not believe in Buddha.
- 青銅製の鉦鼓が「架」にかけて使用されるのに対し、木鉦は通常おいて使用される。
- While bronze shoko are hung from a stand when in use, wooden sho are placed on the floor.
- 宮殿(くうでん)は、仏教の礼拝対象である仏像、祖師像などを収める厨子の一種。
- Kuden is a kind of Buddhist altar case called 'Zushi' to contain a Buddhist object of worship such as a Buddhist statute, an image of patriarch, or the like.
- 五重相対(ごじゅう・の・そうたい)とは、日蓮が立てたとされる教相判釈の一つ。
- Goju no Sotai is a part of the Kyoso Hanjaku (a guide for evaluation of sutras and others) established by Nichiren.
- 新門時代から約10年間にわたり宗門内を混乱させた三業惑乱への対処に追われた。
- For about 10 years from the Shinmon period, he made a great effort to cope with The Sango Wakuran Controversy which confused the inside of doctrine.
- 日曜日には、前島埠頭および対岸で、夜店が多数出店し盛大な盛り上がりを見せる。
- On Sunday, the festival will have many night stalls set up at Maejima wharf and on its opposite shore.
- また自然と作者との対応のしかたが<乞はんに従う>という言葉で表現されている。
- And the relationship between nature and the producer of a garden is described as 'to follow as requested.'
- 書院における豪華な茶の湯に対し、四畳半以下の茶室を用いた簡素な茶の湯を指す。
- It represents a simple tea ceremony performed in a 4.5 tatami-mat tea room or less, compared to the more gorgeous tea ceremony performed in a shoin room (formal reception room).
- しかし、このままでは同年2月頃牛肉在庫がなくなる可能性があり対応がせまられる。
- However, they were force to take measures because otherwise they were likely to run out of the stock by February in the same year.
- そして三味線の技巧に対応させるため、箏の爪の形状が大きく変えられることとなる。
- The shape of the koto pick was then changed substantially to accommodate shamisen techniques.
- 西洋楽器の影響を受けて「近代化」したものが少なくない中国楽器とは対照的である。
- Contrastingly, many Chinese traditional musical instruments have been 'modernized' due to the influence of Western musical instruments.
- 茶湯の心得がある者に対しては場所・出自を問わずに秀吉が目の前で茶を立てること。
- Hideyoshi prepared tea right in front of those with an understanding of the tea ceremony, regardless of whence they had come or their birth place.
- 折掛は、一対の竹を立て間に縄を張ったものを3ヶ所設置し、縄を屋根に見立てた物。
- Orikake had three pairs of bamboo poles which stood in the same direction, and each pair of bamboo poles had a horizontal rope that substituted for the roof of Sanjusangen-do Hall.
- ひきわり納豆に対し、通常の割っていない大豆を使った納豆は「粒納豆」と呼ばれる。
- In contrast to hikiwari natto, the usual natto, for which non-ground soybeans are used, is called 'tsubu natto' (whole-bean natto).
- 世事に対応し、社会のなかでものごとを円滑に進めてゆくための常識や世間的な能力。
- The common sense and social skills required to know the stream and make things go smoothly in society.
- もとは観世流で観世銕之丞家に対して家元家を宗家と呼んだところからおこったもの。
- The term Soke originated from Kanze-ryu (a school of Noh), where the Iemoto family was called Soke as compared to the family of Tetsunojo KANZE.
- 合気道の技は相手の攻撃に対して投げ技・もしくは固め技にて応じるのが基本である。
- The fundamental principle of aikido technique is to respond to the opponent's attack with throws or by grappling.
- 技は体術・武器術(剣術・杖術)を含み、対多人数の場合も想定した総合武術である。
- The techniques include taijutsu, the art of weaponry (swordplay, Jojutsu), and is a comprehensive martial art assuming cases of multiple opponents.
- 風神雷神図は多くの画家によって描かれ、それぞれの作品はよく比較の対象にされる。
- Fujin Raijin zu (the Wind and Thunder Gods) has been painted by numerous artists that have often been compared against one another.
- 道祖神信仰と結びついた路傍あるいは街角(辻)の地蔵が対象となっているのである。
- It represents Jizo seen on waysides or street corners, and Jizo is related to the belief of Doso-shin (traveler's guardian deity).
- 1739年、桜町天皇は二条宗基に対し、印明伝授は二条家が行い続けるよう命じた。
- In 1739, Emperor Sakuramachi ordered Munemoto NIJO to have the Nijo family continue to conduct inmyodenju.
- 末寺や門徒に対して厳しい態度を取る事が多く、恨みを買う事が多かったといわれる。
- In this way, it was said that Rengo took often a severe attitude toward branch temples and followers and therefore incurred often their hostility.
- 普賢延命菩薩(ふげんえんめいぼさつ)は、仏教における信仰対象である菩薩の一つ。
- Fugen Enmei Bosatsu is one of Bosatsu worshiped in Buddhism.
- そのことから、摂受の裏に折伏があり、反対に折伏の裏に摂受があることを示唆した。
- With such descriptions, he implied that shoju backs up shakubuku, and shakubuku backs up shoju.
- 下段の間は、中段の間よりさらに一段下がり、厳格な席次で、列席者や対面者が座す。
- The Gedan no ma was down one more step from the Chudan no ma and attendants or persons who met the Emperor were seated in a strict order of precedence.
- 特に水が良質であることは絶対条件であり、京都のものが名高いのもその所以である。
- Particularly, good water is an absolute necessity, and therefore the ones from Kyoto are renowned.
- それでも、さらに増え続ける年賀状にその対応だけではとても追いついていけなかった。
- This countermeasure failed to catch up with the ever-increasing nengajo.
- 大阪で発展した義太夫節に対し、これらは江戸で発展したもので江戸浄瑠璃と呼ばれる。
- In contrast to Gidayu-bushi that developed in Osaka, they developed it in Edo, so they are called 'Edo Joruri.'
- 『周易』では李鼎祚が王弼注の義理易に反対して鄭玄を始めとする漢代象数易を伝えた。
- With regard to 'Zhouyi,' Ri Tei So (li ding zuo) opposed the Giri-eki (ethics and philosophy divination) with annotation by Wang Bi, and preached Shosu-eki (graphic and mathematical divination) by Jo Gen (Zheng Xuan) and others from the Han Dynasty.
- 巨人が知恵の欠落により鬼や笑われ者へと転落するのに対し、小人は悪知恵を働かせる。
- While the giant turns into an ogre or fall into being ridiculed for his lack of wisdom, the dwarf uses his craftiness.
- 弔事などのお見舞いやその互助活動の手間に対する謝意は不祝儀(ぶしゅうぎ)という。
- Money given to express sympathy during a period of mourning or in appreciation of the time and effort spent helping with the event is called bushugi.
- 肴(さかな)とは、酒を飲む際に添えて共に楽しむ対象を言い、これは食品に限らない。
- Sakana is a thing with which people enjoy having alcoholic beverages; yet, it is not necessarily a food item.
- 劇場の場合とは対照的に、相撲興行の場から枡席は一度もその姿を消すことがなかった。
- Unlike masuseki in theaters, the masuseki for watching sumo have been a constant feature of the sport.
- ただし、地蔵盆は一般には寺院の中に祀られている地蔵菩薩を対象とした祭りではない。
- By the way, Jizo-bon does not generally celebrate Jizo Bodhisattva enshrined in temples.
- 仏教(特に日蓮系の宗派)における布教姿勢の一つで、摂受(しょうじゅ)に対する語。
- It is one of the approaches of propagation by Buddhism (especially Nichiren-related religious schools), and is a word as opposed to shoju (a method of expounding Buddhism in which one gradually leads another to the correct teaching according to that person's capacity and without refuting his or her attachment to mistaken views).
- また、立川流が南朝側と結びついていたのに対し、宥快などは北朝側と結びついていた。
- Whereas Tachikawa-ryu school was tied to the Southern Court, Yukai was tied to the Northern Court.
- 稲田の草庵に押し掛けたところ、親鸞に対面するやいなや懺悔して弟子になったという。
- It is said that after he rushed to the soan (a hermitage built with a simple structure with a thatched roof) in Inada (paddy field) and met Shinran, he immediately repented and became a disciple of Shinran.
- 禅宗においては、坐禅を修して、精神を一つの対象に集中させ散乱させないことである。
- In the Zen sect, Sesshin means to do a meditation, have the spirit focus on one subject, and not to be distracted.
- 中世以降の禅林(禅宗寺院)に於いても、稚児・喝食は主に男色、衆道の対象であった。
- Even at the Zen temples after the medieval period, chigo and katsujiki had been mainly considered male homosexuals.
- 一方で武士の中での階級差に対応するように直垂から大紋、素襖などが派生していった。
- On the other hand, daimon (formal costume of daimyo consisting of a wide sleeved jacket with family crests) and suo (formal middle rank dress, usually including a jacket and hakama) started to appear in response to social class differences within samurai.
- そこで1899年、その対策として指定された郵便局での年賀郵便の特別取扱が始まった。
- To cope with such a situation, the special handling of nengajo at specified post offices started in 1899.
- かつての全国新酒鑑評会では、酒に色がついた出品酒を減点対象にしていた時代があった。
- In certain periods in the past, points were deducted for sake that has color in Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai (National New Sake Appraising and Deliberating Fair).
- その一方で、年々、衛生面での要求は厳しくなり、廃棄物に対する規制は強くなっている。
- Whereas, requirements from the aspect pf hygiene are getting higher from year to year, and regulations regarding waste are stricter than ever.
- 千利休の後妻の連れ子である千少庵系統の家であり、本家の堺千家に対して傍系に当たる。
- They are households descending from SEN no Shoan, who was a child from SEN no Rikyu's second wife's previous marriage, and are all of collateral lineage as opposed to the Sakaisenke which is the honke (head family).
- 製法や品質に対する工夫が施されて煎茶が出回るようになったのはそれ以降の時代になる。
- Sencha appeared later when production methods and quality had been refined.
- 過去の平安時代の文学に対しても、その概念を前提にして議論され語られた時期があった。
- During the period, the literature in the Heian period was argued and explained from the standpoint of kanzen choaku.
- これに対して民俗学の観点からは、こうした考え方を強く否定する考え方が出されている。
- In response to this, folklorists present a theory that strongly contradicts those mentioned above.
- また、刀狩は農民のみならず寺院をも対象とし、寺院の武装解除に一定の役割を果たした。
- In addition, he carried out a 'Sword Hunt' confiscating the weapons not only of peasants but also of temples, which played apart in the disarmament of temples.
- 対して、13世紀末に古義真言宗から別れ、覚鑁(かくばん)(興教大師)を派祖とする。
- On the other hand, New Shingon sect (New-interpretation school) was branched from the Old Shingon sect at the end of 13th century and founded by Kakuban (Kogyo Daishi).
- やがて、生母が一向一揆と敵対する畠山氏出身であるという理由で末寺の住職に移された。
- Then Jitsugo was transferred to the chief priest of a branch temple for the reason that his biological mother was from the Hatakeyama clan who fought against an uprising of Ikko sect followers.
- また、神道に対しては寛文5年(1665年)に『諸社禰宜神主法度』が定められている。
- 'Shosha neki kannushi hatto' (ordinances for shrine priests) was enacted in 1665, regulating Shinto.
- 更に、寺内の三綱人事権を掌握されるなど、定額寺及び檀越に対して厳しい統制を受けた。
- Furthermore, jogakuji and danotsu were strictly controlled; for example, the authority to appoint sango of temples was totally restricted.
- 僧侶として戒律を遵守する私度僧に対しては処罰ではなく得度をさせて体制に取り込んだ。
- Lay priests who observed the religious precepts were encouraged to enter the priesthood so that they could be integrated into the established order.
- このように三乗・一乗のいずれが真かをめぐり真っ向から対立する意見の衝突が行われた。
- In this way, conflicting opinions arose over whether ichijo or sanjo was true.
- 宗旦流は、江戸時代初期に、少庵の子である千宗旦とその弟子達に対して用いられた呼称。
- The Sotan School was the name used for SEN no Sotan, the son of Shoan, and his disciples.
- 里神楽という語は御神楽との対比に用いられ、狭義では関東での民間の神楽に用いられる。
- The word satokagura is used in comparison with mikagura, while, in a more limited sense, it means private kagura performed in Kanto region.
- 十五夜のグレゴリオ暦(新暦)での該当日はこちらの8月15日 (旧暦)対照表を参照。
- See this reference table of August 15th (old calendar) for the corresponding date of the fifteenth night in the Gregorian calendar (new calendar).
- 明治時代以降にヨーロッパなどから新しく日本に入ってきた洋菓子に対して使われる言葉。
- The term wagashi is used to differentiate traditional products from European style confectionery which first entered Japan after the Meiji period (1868-1912).
- しかし、すき家では安全性の懸念から、当面使用をみおくると表明するなど対応がわかれた。
- In contrast, Sukiya determined a different policy of not using such beef for a time with a safety concern.
- これに対し、出生日の応当日(誕生日)の前日午後12時に加齢する数え方を満年齢という。
- This is in contrast to the Western style of expressing one's age in completed years, where a year is added to one's age at midnight of the day before one's birthday.
- 雅楽の「楽箏」に対し、近世の箏曲は「俗箏(「ぞくそう」または「ぞくごと」)」と呼ぶ。
- While Soh music of gagaku was called 'gaku-Soh,' Soh music in the pre-modern times was called 'zoku-Soh' (or zokugoto) (modern Sho music).
- 強すぎると異臭に感じられ「酢酸エチル臭」「セメダイン臭」と呼ばれて減点の対象となる。
- However, if a banana-like fragrance is too strong, it is felt to be an unusual smell and called the 'smell of ethyl acetate' or 'smell of Cemedine' and it becomes the cause of point deduction.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降の国学の流れのなかで、「漢意」と対比されることが多くなった。
- In the study of Japanese classical literature beginning in the middle of the Edo period, however, it was often contrasted with 'kara-gokoro' (Chinese mindedness).
- 一方、浄土真宗側は本願寺の分裂などの影響があり具体的な対応が取られることがなかった。
- Meanwhile, influenced by the division of Hongan-ji Temple and other factors, the Jodo Shinshu sect did not take specific countermeasures against the naming.
- それに対して、『教行信証』は仏典だけでなく多くの典籍を引用することで詳説されている。
- However, in 'Kyogyoshinsho,' Shinran provides a detailed explanations with citations not only from Buddhist scriptures, but also from a vast array of books.
- 毎年夏休みなど長期休暇中に子どもたちを対象とした「子ども坐禅会」が各地で開催される。
- Every year, during a long vacation such as the summer vacation, 'kodomo zazenkai (zazen session for children)' for children is held in various places.
- フリッターはふんわりした衣であるのに対して、天ぷらの衣はサクサクしており別物である。
- Fritter is covered with a soft and fluffy coating, while tempura is covered with a crisp coating, that is different.
- 「金髪碧眼」が特徴のため、外国人に対する古代日本人の恐怖の念から来ているのであろう。
- This may come from fear of the ancient Japanese against foreigners, since they feature 'blond hair and blue eyes.'
- 鬼門とは反対の、南西(坤 ひつじさる)の方角を裏鬼門と言い、この方角も忌み嫌われる。
- The direction opposite the kimon, the southwest (hitsuji-saru; between the Ram (eighth sign of Chinese zodiac which means south-southwest) and the Monkey (ninth sign of Chinese zodiac which means west-southwest)), is called Urakimon (the back demons' gate), and people have an aversion for this direction as well.
- かつての国鉄では、駅改札内での弁当の販売は中央会加盟業者に対してしか認めていなかった。
- Under the JNR management, only member companies of the Center Committee were permitted to sell box lunches within station precincts.
- それに対して、中国など他の東洋諸国で用いられる麹は、餅麹(もちこうじ)と呼ばれている。
- On the other hand, koji used in other Eastern countries, including China, is called mochi koji (literally, rice-cake koji).
- 師に無心に尽くすこと、家元の絶対性を是認することなどは、朱子学の根幹をなす思想である。
- The fundamental principles of Neo-Confucianism include dedication to one's master and acceptance of the absoluteness of iemoto.
- 切火(きり・び)は対象にむかって火打石を打って火花を起こすことによって行う清めの儀式。
- Kiribi (flint sparks) is a ceremony for kiyome (purification) which is performed using sparks caused by striking an object with a flint.
- 中世末までの日本酒の新酒の古酒に対する位置づけについては「日本酒安土桃山時代」を参照。
- Refer to the publication 'Azuchi Momoyama period Shin-shu' for the position of ancient shin-shu Japanese rice wine until mediaeval times.
- 舞台に対してだいたい110度前後の角度で取りつけられ、正面の客から見やすくなっている。
- Hashigakari is provided at an angle of about 110 degrees with respect to the stage so that it is easy to see from the front audience.
- 小手返し:相手の手首を取り反対の手を相手の手の甲に添え手首を返しつつ肩関節を外転外旋。
- Kotegaeshi: Take the opponent's wrist and place the other hand on the back of opponent's hand, twisting the wrist while moving the shoulder joint outward and rotating it outward.
- 色目の名と実際の組み合わせの対応は、有職故実のひとつであり、江戸期にかけて整理された。
- Keeping the names and the actual color combinations accurately corresponding with one another was part of Yusoku kojitsu (the court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) and they were organized until the Edo Period.
- 日本における洋画と日本画はその後、互いに影響を与えながらも対抗的に併存、発展してきた。
- Since then Yo-ga and Nihon-ga have continued to their symbiotic relationship, coexisting and developing as rival forces in Japan.
- 対し、台密(天台宗の密教)でも男女の性交を以って成仏とする玄旨帰命壇という一派があった
- On the other hand, Taimitsu (Esoteric Buddhism of the Tendaishu sect) also had a school called Genshi Kimyo-dan which regarded sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as the state of becoming Buddha.
- 特に私寺に対する禁令が強化された延暦年間以後に定額寺に列する寺院が急激に増加している。
- Particularly, after the Enryaku era, when a ban on private temples was fortified, the number of temples designated as jogakuji skyrocketed.
- また、18世紀には寺社方御仕置例書が作成されて僧侶に対する刑罰規定などがまとめられた。
- In the 18th century, Jishagata oshioki reisho stated the rules of punishments to be administered to Buddhist priests.
- 最澄は任を終えて、葛野麻呂の遣唐船で翌延暦24年(805年)6月5日、対馬に帰着した。
- When Saicho finished his duties, he left Tang for Japan in Kadonomaro's Kentoshi ship and arrived at Tsushima on June 5, 805.
- 刀剣の多くは接近戦専用で、広い空間では長柄武器(槍・薙刀など)に対して不利だったこと。
- Most swords were for close combat, and they have a disadvantage against long handled weapons (Yari - spear or Naginata - pole swords) in a wide space.
- 慶事(喜ばしい時)などの祝意やその互助活動の手間に対する謝意を表すために贈る金品のこと。
- Shugi means money given to celebrate an auspicious event (a time of joy) or in appreciation of the time and effort spent helping with the event.
- 手事には、歌詞の情景を描写するものと、歌とは関係なく絶対音楽的に作られているものがある。
- There is a type of tegoto which is representative of the scenes depicted by words in a piece, as well as a type which is created as absolute music regardless of the words.
- しかし、力士会の反対で11月の一場所かぎりで径4.55m(15尺)の現在の土俵となった。
- However, this change was cancelled after the tournament held in November 1945 due to objections from the association of sumo wrestlers, and the dohyo having a diameter of 4.55 m has been used since then.
- - 壺射ち(つぼうち)ともいい、中国で考案されたダーツの様なもので、二人対戦で行う射的。
- It is also called tsubouchi, a kind of dart devised in China, and target practice was conducted by two persons.
- 中でも徳川家康は抜駆け行為に対し、一族郎党全員の切腹という、特に厳しい軍律を設けていた。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA imposed particularly strict military law which stated that the entire family and all retainers of anyone attacking preemptively would be forced to commit suicide.
- 西欧の重装歩兵は機敏な弓騎兵に苦戦し、東方諸国の弓騎兵は十字軍に対し多くの実績を残した。
- The heavily armed foot soldiers in Western Europe had a hard time fighting against archery cavalry soldiers, and archery cavalry soldiers in Eastern countries made big achievements in the Crusades.
- 古くから信仰の対象になっており、現在でもお遍路さんや修験者などの往来の多いところがある。
- Worshipped by people since ancient times, reijo are visited even today by many ohenro san (pilgrims) as well as many ascetic Buddhist monks.
- 真言正統派においては、この邪説に対する反証として、戒律を厳しくするなどの試みが行われた。
- Orthodox schools of the Shingonshu sect made an attempt to make their religious precepts stricter to contradict this heresy.
- 長谷寺では毎年2月8日から14日まで7日間、本尊十一面観音に対する悔過法要が行なわれる。
- In Hase-dera Temple, Keka Hoyo to the honzon Eleven-faced Kannon is held from February 8 to 14 for seven days every year.
- だが1960年(昭和35年)の日米安全保障条約改定に反対して離党、参議院同志会に属した。
- In 1960, however, he left the party and joined Sangiin Doshikai (a fraction in the Upper House) in protest of the revision of the Japan - U.S. Security Treaty.
- 「浄土門」(浄土教仏教)の対義語で、浄土宗および法然の弟子であった親鸞の著書に頻出する。
- It is an antonym of 'Jodo-mon' (Gateway of the Pure Land) (Jodo (Pure Land) sect) and often appears in the books by Shinran who was Jodo sect and the disciple of Honen.
- この木綿で織った布を白く晒したものを白妙と呼び、日本人の白さに対する感覚の原点と言える。
- The bleached woven cloth of this yufu is called shirotae, and it can be said that this is the origin of the sensitivity of Japanese to white.
- その後「江戸褄」は「留袖」の原型になったのに対し、「島原褄」は上方限定の流行で終わった。
- After that, while 'Edo tsuma' became an origin of 'Tomesode' (formal dress patterned only below the waistline worn by a married woman), 'Shimabara tsuma' prevailed only in the Kyoto and Osaka areas and finally diminished.
- 中小規模の企業で、自前の食堂を持たないところを対象に、弁当を配達する業者も一般的となった。
- Vendor that delivered bentos to small businesses which did not have their own cafeteria became popular.
- 月見で食べる月見団子と対照的に桜色(薄い赤色)・白色・緑色などの色で華やかな色彩をつける。
- In contrast to tsukimi dango (rice dumpling for moon viewing) prepared for tsukimi, hanami dango are bright like cherry blossoms, pink, white, and green.
- これに対して、古文経と呼ばれる孔子旧宅の壁中や民間から秦以前のテキストが、発見されていた。
- On the other hand, texts called Kobun-kei from Qin and earlier days were found behind the walls of Koshi's former residence and among ordinary citizens.
- 対してバーデンバーデンやスパなどのように入浴用として形成された温泉地も少数ながら存在する。
- By contrast, limited number of hot spring resorts, such as Baden-Baden and Spa, were places for bathing originally.
- 油彩とリトグラフという比較障害があるとしても、ファンタン=ラトゥールの絵とは好対照である。
- This is in marked contrast to the painting by Fantin-Latour despite the difficulty in comparing oil paintings and lithography.
- 現在は主役である人形を中心に据え、周囲に左右対称に他の人形や飾りを配置した山笠も見られる。
- At present, in some yamakasa, important dolls are placed in the middle, around which other dolls and ornaments are placed symmetrically.
- 奈良時代に、男子の神事として蹴鞠(けまり)が存在したのに対し、女子には毬杖が行われていた。
- In the Nara period, Kemari (ancient football game in Japan) existed as a Shinto ritual for boys, while Gi-Cho was performed for girls.
- また中国琵琶が金属弦を取り入れているのに対し、日本琵琶は絹糸の繊細な音色を大切にしている。
- Japanese biwa values the sensitive tones of silk strings but Chinese biwa used metal strings.
- これに対し、太平洋戦争中は時宗報国会を組織し、満州の奉天に遊行寺別院を設けるなど協力した。
- Because of that, during the Pacific War the Ji sect cooperated with the government through various activities including organizing Jishu Hokokukai (Patriot Association of the Ji Sect) and establishing a branch temple of yugyo temple at Fengtian, Manchuria.
- 日本の仏教において、定められた年に故人に対して営まれる法要を、年忌法要(年回法要)という。
- In Japanese Buddhism, a hoyo (Buddhist memorial service) held in a certain number of years after the person's death is called 'Nenki hoyo' (Nenkai hoyo).
- 神罰との対比でよく誤解されているが、仏が罰を与えるのではないということに注意が必要である。
- It is often misunderstood by confusing this concept with punishment from God, and it is necessary to realize that Buddha does not punish.
- 浄土真宗、日蓮宗を除き日本の仏教においては、葬儀は死者に対する授戒成仏が主たる意味を持つ。
- Except for Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and Nichiren sect, a funeral ceremony is mainly for Jukai jobutsu (to enter a dead person into Nirvana by giving religious precepts) of a dead person in the Japanese Buddhism.
- 4年後に同様の申請を行って藤原頼通の許可を得るが、またも道長の反対によりまたも見送られた。
- When the same request was resubmitted four years later they did obtain FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's permission, but because Michinaga was still against it, once again Ryoen could not secure a promotion.
- すると、このような形式的な隠居に不満を持ったBが、Aに対して反乱を起こすということもある。
- Then B who is discontent with formal inkyo may cause a rebel against A.
- 元々は通夜に際して親族や関係者が交代で夜通し香を捧げる弔問の客などに応対したことに由来する。
- The origin of the above was the fact that relatives and other related persons used to keep vigil in turn in order to address persons calling to express condolence.
- 文化的背景に裏付けられた商品力により、生産量対生産額比では日本一の高付加価値製品産地である。
- Thanks to the commercial value of products supported by the cultural background, its output of high value-added products, in terms of the proportion of production volume versus production value, is the largest in Japan.
- また龍と対を成していた鳳凰を象徴したハープ型の楽器「箜篌(くご)」は、伝統としては廃絶した。
- A harp-shaped musical instrument 'kugo' which symbolized hoo (a phoenix), one of a pair of ryu and hoo, is not existent as a traditional instrument.
- FC店は質にかなりバラツキがあり、「第一旭」に対する評価に幅があるのはそのためと考えられる。
- The quality varies among franchise stores, which is considered to be the reason why the reputation of 'Daiichi-Asahi' widely varies.
- 金時のアズキ色とかき氷の白、抹茶の緑の対比をさせるためにアズキの上に抹茶をかけることはない。
- To contrast the color of azuki, kintoki, white ice, and green powdered tea, powdered tea is never poured onto red beans.
- 浮世絵師は写真に対抗し、工夫したが多くのものが失敗し、挿絵画家などへの転向を余儀なくされた。
- Ukiyoe artists exercised their ingenuity against photographs, mostly in vain, and were forced to become illustrators and so on.
- 前者は高血圧や心臓病、腎臓病などの人を対象に、厚生労働省の「特別用途食品」に指定されている。
- Reduced-salt soy-sauce is designated as 'special-use food' for patients with cardiac disease, kidney disease, etc., by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
- 座布団は来客に対するもてなしとして用いられる訳だが、これを固辞することも礼を逸するとされる。
- Zabuton are used as part of the hospitality towards a guest and declining this is a lack of courtesy.
- その後、1965年(昭和30年)より沖縄県・奄美地方を除く全国を対象に行われるようになった。
- They, later on, extended the forecast to cover the entire country except for Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami region in 1965.
- 剣先から柄までに一本の糸(つるという)を張り、つるが張られた側を峰とし、反対側を刃部とする。
- A piece of string called a tsuru is tied along one side from the tip to the tsuka (hilt), and the side with the tsuru is called 'mine' and the other side is called 'habu.'
- 煮物碗が客一人ひとりに配られるのに対し、焼物は大きめの鉢に盛った料理(焼魚など)を取り回す。
- Whereas boiled food bowls are served for each guest, yakimono (such as grilled fish) is put on a large bowl and shared.
- 親鸞は彼らに対し、専修念仏以外に道はないが、念仏を取捨選択するのは各々の自由であると答えた。
- Shinran answered that there was no way to reach Ojo except Senju Nenbutsu however whether people accept Senju Nenbutsu would depend on each person's will.
- これに対して北朝_(日本)は暦応4年(1341年)に院宣を出して尊氏に五山の決定を一任した。
- For this, the Northern Court (in Japan) issued an inzen (decree from the retired Emperor) in 1341 to entrust Takauji with the selection of gozan temples.
- これに対してそれ以外の9つの浄土真宗系宗派はいずれも「真宗○○派」といった呼称を用いている。
- In contrast, the other nine schools of the Jodo Shinshu sect continue to use the name 'XXX school of the Shinshu.'
- それに対し、仏教は過去・現在・未来の三世にわたる因果の理法を説いて、それを(内側に)求める。
- In opposition, in Buddhism, the principle of Inga is preached from the past, the present, and through to the future, and seeks it inside.
- 勧学寮という組織を設置して、門主の諮問機関とされ、教学的問題に対して答える役割を持っている。
- Kangaku has Kangaku-ryo which is a consultative body of the chief priest to answer to the problems in education and learning.
- 平安時代に入ると、弘仁13年(823年)東寺50人など各種の官寺に対して定額僧が定められた。
- In the Heian period, the Jogakuso was applied to various 'kanji' (state-sponsored temples), such as To-ji Temple, which was ordered to have 50 jogakuso in 823.
- 富士門流および日蓮正宗などでは、教観相対ではなく、この種脱相対をもって五重相対の最後とする。
- In Fujimon school, Nichiren Shoshu sect, and others, this Shudatsu sotai, not the Kyokan sotai, is regarded as the last of Goju no Sotai.
- いずれの修二会にも共通しているのは、本尊に対する悔過(けか=罪の懺悔告白)であることである。
- What is common to both of them is keka (confession (of one's sins)) for honzon (principal image of Buddha).
- 徳一の『仏性抄』(成立年不詳)に対し、最澄が『照権実鏡』(弘仁8年(817年)成立)で反論。
- Against 'Bushosho' (the year of realization unknown) by Tokuitsu, Saicho countered his argument in 'Shogon-jikkyo' (realized in 817).
- 平均的な食用米が1反につき10俵近く獲れるのに対し、平均的な酒米は4~7俵ぐらいしか獲れない。
- While close to ten bags of average cooking rice can be harvested from one tan, an average of just four to seven bags can be harvested from one tan.
- 介錯(かいしゃく)は切腹に際して、腹を切る時の痛みを軽減するために対象者の首を刀で刎ねること。
- Kaishaku (to assist someone in committing hara-kiri by beheading him) refers to cutting off the head of a person committing Seppuku (Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment) with a katana (sword) for the purpose of relieving the person's agony of disemboweling.
- 関係者はポスト鴈治郎について何ら対策を講じる事無く1935(昭和10)年の鴈治郎の死を迎える。
- People involved in the Kabuki business did not take any measures to prepare for the post-Ganjiro era, however, and Ganjiro died in 1935.
- しかし、空手の近代化が進むにつれて、西洋の身体動作や運動理論の導入に対する反省も起こっている。
- However, as the modernization of karate has progressed there have also emerged critics that voice concern over the introduction of Western body motions and exercise theories.
- 師弟との一対一の練習から、師範の号令と共に、多数の生徒が同じ動作や型の練習をするようになった。
- Teaching styles changed from one-to-one lessons given by a master to a pupil to class lessons in which a host of students practiced the same movement and kata in response to orders from a master.
- 「和」は古くから日本を示す言葉で、漢(中国)や洋(西欧)など外国からの事物に対比して使われる。
- The term 'Wa' has meant Japan from old times, and is used in contradistinction to things from foreign countries such as Han (China) and Yo (Western Europe).
- 全長は七尺三寸(約221cm)を標準とされており、「和弓」とは洋弓(アーチェリー)に対する語。
- Its standard length is determined to be seven shaku and three sun (approximately 221 cm) and the term, 'wakyu' is used in opposed to the western archery.
- また活版印刷の導入によって絵に対して文章の比重が高まったほか発行部数の増大などの変化があった。
- Furthermore, with the introduction of letterpress printing, the written word became more important than the graphics and besides this, there were changes such as massive growth of circulation etc.
- それに対し、日光の湯波は膜の中央に串を入れて二つ折りにするように引き上げるため二枚重ねとなる。
- In Nikko, on the other hand, they slip the skewer underneath the center of yuba to lift it, yuba comes out folded in two.
- この宗論は日蓮宗が他宗と対立することを抑えようとして、浄土宗に有利な裁定を下したとされている。
- It is said that in this debate he handed down a judgment favorable to the Jodo sect because he was tired of the aimed Nichiren sect's conflicts with other sects.
- ただし、長暦2年(1038年)に暦道と宿曜道との全面対立により宿曜道側が造暦から撤退している。
- However, Rekido and Sukuyodo made a conflict in 1038 and Sukuyodo gave up making a calendar.
- それに対して時宗の場合には、阿弥陀仏への信・不信は問わず、念仏さえ唱えれば往生できると説いた。
- Unlike the Jodo-shin sect, the Ji sect did not mention the faith in Amida Buddha, they just taught that only reciting nenbutsu made Ojo possible.
- 中国では僧人に対して徭役免除の特権が付与されたため、徭役逃れのための出家者を見るようになった。
- In China, since priests were given the privilege of exemption from yoeki (corvee under the Ritsuryo system [a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code]), some people became priests in order to avoid the yoeki.
- この種脱相対は日蓮正宗のみに伝えられてきた法門であり、諸宗各派が知らないところから秘伝という。
- Since this Shudatsu sotai is the doctrine which was handed down only in the Nichiren Shoshu sect and no other sects and schools know about it, it is called a secret.
- 元久元年(1204年)の比叡山の僧徒が、時の天台座主真性に対して専修念仏停止の訴えを起こした。
- In 1204 the priests on Mt. Hiei petitioned Archbishop Shinsho of the Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) to issue a prohibition against the senju nenbutsu (the single-minded recitation of the nenbutsu).
- 徳一の『中辺義鏡』『慧日羽足』に対し、最澄が『守護国界章』(弘仁9年(818年)成立)で反論。
- Against 'Chuhen gikyo' and 'Enichiusoku' by Tokuitsu, Saicho countered his argument in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' (realized in 818).
- これに対し、大和絵とは、第一義的には日本(中国ではなく)の風景や風俗を題材にした絵画を指した。
- In contrast, Yamato-e refers to paintings that depict landscape and customs in Japan (instead of China) primarily.
- 都市部では、年々増加する該当者に対し、それら全員を収容できる施設を持っていない自治体が見られた。
- In urban areas, there were autonomy bodies that did not have facilities large enough to accept all participants increasing year by year.
- 歌もの(手事ものに対し、歌のみ、もしくは手事はあってもごく短くあくまでも歌に重点が置かれた曲群)
- Utamono (as opposed to tegotomono, this is a group of musical pieces that are only songs; if tegoto is included, then it's very short and the emphasis is placed on singing)
- ただ三味線と合奏することになってから、三味線の奏法に対応するため、爪の形に大幅な変革が行われた。
- When the koto came to be played together with the shamisen, however, the shape of the pick was changed substantially to enable the musician to play the shamisen as well.
- 読み札・取り札ともに、五十音に対応しており、一音につき一セットの読み札・取り札が用意されている。
- Both yomifuda and torifuda correspond to the Japanese syllabary, and there exists one pair of yomifuda and torifuda for each syllable.
- ジャポニズムの流行った当時、欧米のアーティストは日本美術の不規則性と非対称性に大変関心を寄せた。
- At that time when Japonism enjoyed popularity, artists in Western countries had a great interest in the irregularity and asymmetry of Japan art.
- これに対して、庶家であっても嫡流に代わり一族の統率権を得た家系を宗家または本家といって区別した。
- In contrast, a family line that is not constituted by a lineage of eldest sons but is allowed to govern the whole family on behalf of the family line constituted by the eldest sons was called Soke or Honke.
- 通例、香典は、香典袋(不祝儀袋)に入れて葬儀(通夜あるいは告別式)の際に遺族に対して手渡される。
- Typically, koden is wrapped in a special envelope called koden-bukuro (bushugi-bukuro) and is passed to the bereaved family at the funeral (lykewake or funeral service).
- 左右二本の一対がつながっており、V字型がちょうど松葉に似ていることから“マツバ”と呼ばれている。
- The term 'matsuba' comes from the resemblance of the clavicle, which consists of a V-shaped pair of the clavicles on both sides, to a pine needle.
- 本来は真鯉(黒い鯉)のみで、明治時代から真鯉(まごい)と緋鯉(ひごい)の対で揚げるようになった。
- It was originally magoi (black carp) only, but since the Meiji period magoi and higoi (red carp) have been hoisted in pairs.
- →これに対して、定額寺の中で定額僧が定まっていた事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
- A refutation of this theory is that there are only a handful of temples that are proved to have embraced jogakuso.
- 馬上で弓を射る騎射戦が主流であった平安 - 鎌倉時代、それに対応すべく騎乗の上級武士が着用した。
- From the Heian to the Kamakura Period, wars took place where shooting bows while mounted on a horse was the common method of fighting and a superior mounted samurai wore large armor.
- 明らかに言えることは、「大和絵」とは「唐絵」(漢画)に対置される用語・概念であるという点である。
- It is clear that 'Yamato-e' is a term or a concept which is opposed to the term 'Kara-e' (pictures of Han).
- 第二次世界大戦の後、学校の昼食は給食に切り替えられ、全ての生徒と教師に対し用意されるようになった。
- After World War II, lunch at school was replaced by school lunches that came to be available for all students and teachers in schools.
- - サンショウが芳香を持ち,トゲが対生するのに対して,イヌザンショウは芳香がなく,トゲが互生する。
- While sansho has a fragrance and distichous spines, Inuzansho has no fragrance and alternate spines.
- 薛は、朱熹が理先気後とするのに対して理気相即を唱え、また「格物」と「居敬」では「居敬」を重んじた。
- Setsu preached that Li and Qi closely interact, as opposed to Li precedes Qi of Chu His, and between 'Kakubutsu' (perceiving things or reading their information to reach the essential law) and 'Kyokei' (keep the mind calm, concentrating consciousness at all moments in daily life), he valued 'Kyokei.'
- その後仁左衛門は子息とともに高校生対象の歌舞伎教室を開催し、終生に渡ってファンの開拓に努め続けた。
- Afterwards, together with his son Nizaemon held kabuki kyoshitsu (kabuki classroom) for high school students and continued his effort to foster fans for kabuki.
- 彼らの運動は信仰の自由を掲げる反対派と衝突することとなり、憲法起草を巡って大きな政治問題となった。
- Their movement resulted in a conflict with opponents advocating religious freedom, and became a major political issue regarding the making of a draft of the constitution.
- 多くなった具に対応するためにそばを焼そば状にソースで味付け、さらに表面にも塗っていた時期もあった。
- As ingredients increased, soba was flavored with yakisoba sauce and furthermore, sometimes, the surface was also coated with the sauce.
- 外国(中国)の文化や文明を享受するうえで、それと対になるべき(日本人の)常識的・日本的な対応能力。
- The commonsensical, typically Japanese ability (of the Japanese people) to respond to situations, which should go hand-in-hand with an appreciation of foreign (Chinese) culture and civilization.
- この流れは、幕末に帝国主義時代の欧米の接近に際して対応する力となり、開国の原動力のひとつになった。
- This flow became a power responding to approaches at the end of the Edo period by European countries in the imperialism period, and became one of motivations to mark the end of a long period of isolation.
- 電気も薬品も使わない防蚊手段であり、エコロジーの観点や薬品アレルギー対策として見直され始めている。
- Their use has started to become reevaluated from the standpoints of ecology and chemical allergies as they represent a mosquito repellent that uses neither electricity nor chemicals.
- マラリアの被害に悩まされるアフリカ諸国や東南アジアなどで、低コストな蚊対策として注目を浴びている。
- In various African and Southeast Asian countries afflicted by malaria, mosquito nets have gained attention as a low-cost measure against mosquitoes.
- 一般に、ワインのテイスティングが加点法で評価されるのに対し、日本酒の利き酒は基本的に減点法である。
- Whereas wine tasting adopts a point-addition system in general, kikizake for tasting sake basically adopts a point-deduction scoring system.
- しかし豊臣秀吉に茶堂として重用された利休とは対照的に、洛北に隠棲して孤高の茶三昧であったとされる。
- However, unlike Rikyu, who was appointed to the important post of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's tea master, Kenchu led a secluded life in the north, immersing himself in the tea ceremony.
- 明治維新直後の廃仏毀釈の後、明治政府は仏教各派に対し一宗一管長制を打ち出し、統一教団の結成を要求。
- After executing Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism) soon after the Meiji restoration, the Meiji government announced 'Isshu Ichikanncho-sei' (the system of one chief abbot in one sect) to each Buddhist sect, and ordered them to form an integrated religious community.
- 上記の呼び出しを行うために、イベント会場等で初対面の人から目的を隠して個人情報を聞き出す例もある。
- In order to summon persons as mentioned above, there are cases where personal information is obtained with its purpose hidden from someone just meeting for the first time at an event site or at other places.
- 唐朝においては、特定の寺院に勅額を下賜する制度を、国家公認の大寺に対する保護政策として行っていた。
- The Tang Dynasty had a system of giving imperial inscriptions to specific temples as a protective policy for large national temples.
- シールによる千社札の普及が、古くからある千社札の伝統や決まりを乱していると批判の対象になっている。
- Prevalence of sticker type senjafuda has become a focus of criticism that it is violating the traditions and rules governing senjafuda.
- それに対して満年齢は、生まれた時点の年齢を0歳とし、以後誕生日の前日が満了するごとに1歳を加算する。
- This is in contrast to the Western style of calculating in which a newborn baby is counted as zero year old, and becomes one year older on the at midnight of the day before the subsequent birthday.
- 殻の内面には紙を貼り、源氏などの絵をかき、金箔などで極彩色に仕上げ、左右一対の殻には同じ絵を描いた。
- A piece of paper was pasted on the inner surface of the shell, on which they drew a picture on the theme of Genji (The Tale of Genji) or the like, then finished it up with gold leaves and others to give it a brilliant coloring; the same picture was painted on each shell of the pair.
- 国家の抑圧の対象となった私寺を官寺への編入申請する事で抑圧を回避を図る動きがあったと考えられている。
- It is considered that a move was made to avoid state control through a request for incorporation of private temples, targets of oppression, into state-sponsored temples (kanji).
- また、後述するように、焼酎甲類に対して劣るという誤解を避けるために「本格焼酎」という呼称も用いられる。
- As described herein below, to avoid misunderstanding that the quality is lower than shochu group Ko, it is also called 'Honkaku (authentic) Shochu'
- これはおそらく当道座の音楽家たちの本来の専門音楽である「平曲」(平家琵琶の音楽)に対しての名称である。
- This sankyoku must have been the name used in contrast with ¥'heikyoku' (the music of 'heike biwa' (the Japanese lute for playing the Tale of Heike)), in which the musicians of Todo-za (the traditional guild for the blind) originally engaged as a profession.
- これに対して、竜田揚げは肉などを醤油とみりんから作ったタレに漬け込んで下味をつけて片栗粉のみで揚げる。
- In contrast, tatsutaage is prepared by seasoning meat with soy sauce and mirin (sweet rice wine for cooking), coating it with just katakuriko and frying it.
- 中華人民共和国では「儒教は革命に対する反動である」として弾圧され、特に文化大革命期には徹底弾圧された。
- In the People's Republic of China, Ju-kyo was suppressed under the notion that 'Ju-kyo is the counter reaction to revolution,' and it was thoroughly suppressed particularly during the Cultural Revolution (Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution).
- 日本民族固有(のものと考えられていた)勇敢で、潔く、特に主君・天皇に対して忠義な気性・精神性・心ばえ。
- The brave, heroic, and loyal nature, spirit, and disposition, especially with regard to lords and the Emperor, (which were considered) unique to the Japanese race.
- 興行や遊興を提供する者に対し送られる謝意としての金品で、チップ (サービス)の様な物とする向きもある。
- Shugi can also sometimes refer to money given to show gratitude to those who have provided a service or entertainment and is regarded as something like a tip.
- 気象庁による「さくらの開花予想」の発表は、1951年(昭和26年)に関東地方を対象に当初行われていた。
- In 1951, the Japan Meteorological Agency originally issued the 'forecast of cherry blossom blooming dates' mainly in the Kanto region.
- 室町時代の管領細川頼之に殉死した三島外記入道以来、平時に病死した主君に対して行う殉死の風習が始まった。
- After Mishima Geki Nyudo followed Muromachi period kanrei (Shogun's deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA into death, the custom of committing seppuku during peacetime following the death of one's master due to natural causes began.
- 武家文化が文武を重きにおく事に対し、公家文化は花鳥風月と例えられる雅や遊び、いわゆる趣味や芸術である。
- While the samurai culture put a value on the literary and military arts, court noble culture was characterized by elegance and pleasure, that is, hobbies and arts which were told as kacho-fugetsu (beauty of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics).
- 昆虫は栄養価は高いものの、個々の個体が小さく、採集労力当たり得られる栄養価は相対的に低くなってしまう。
- While having high nutritional value, individual insects are so small that the nutritional value obtained per insect is relatively low.
- しかし、互助活動に対しての謝礼の授受が今でいう民事介入と言う表現になりやくざと同一視される由縁である。
- However, the system of rewards that existed as part of their mutual assistance activities developed into what is now called 'minji kainyu' (essentially protection rackets) and which is seemed associated with the yakuza.
- 欽明天皇が、仏教を信仰の可否について群臣に問うた時、物部尾輿と中臣鎌子ら(神道勢力)は仏教に反対した。
- When Emperor Kinmei asked retainers about the pros and cons of Buddhism, Shintoists such as MONONOBE no Okoshi and NAKATOMI no Kamako were against it.
- 対立宗派・寺院への攻撃や朝廷への強訴などの武力行使を行う集団として社会の不安要素の1つになっていった。
- This use of military force to attack opposing sects and temples and to influence the Imperial Court became another source of social unrest.
- →これに対して、定額寺に列せられた際に寺額を授与された事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
- This theory has been rebutted in that there are few temples that are proved to have been awarded the frame with a certificate on the occasion of appointment as a jogakuji.
- 前近代の寺社は世俗権力と対抗する独立した権威として存在しており、治教権が広範にわたって認められていた。
- Temples and shrines before modern times existed as independent authorities which could rival secular powers, and their chikyo-ken was widely accepted.
- 中国風の絵画「唐絵」(からえ)に対する呼称であり平安時代の国風文化の時期に発達した日本的な絵画のこと。
- It is a term which is opposed to the term 'Kara-e,' i.e., paintings in Chinese style, and it refers to the painting in Japanese style which was developed in the era of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) during the Heian period.
- これに対し、村田珠光が茶会での博打や飲酒を禁止し、亭主と客との精神交流を重視する茶会のあり方を説いた。
- On the other hand, Juko MURATA forbid gambling and alcohol drinking at tea parties, and lectured on the importance of spiritual relationships between the host and the guest.
- これは日本髪という特殊な髪形に対応していった結果、前櫛として額と頭頂部の中間あたりに挿したからである。
- This is because this type of product was invented for the unique hairstyle called Japanese coiffure and they were used as maesashi by inserting them into the middle of forehead and at top of the head.
- これに対し永観二年(984)には「禁破銭令」が出される事態となり、新銭発行が極めて困難な状況になった。
- In response, the government officially announced in 984 the Kin-hasen Rei (an act banning the melting of coins to use as raw materials), making it extremely difficult to issue new money.
- また地方によってはハンゲという妖怪が徘徊するとされ、この時期に農作業を行う事に対する戒めともなっている。
- In some regions of Japan, it is said that the supernatural being called Hange roams about and this is a warning not to do farm work at this time.
- 相対的な比較としては山田流が生田流よりも「歌もの」を多く扱い、生田流は独奏曲において技巧が発達している。
- Relatively, the Ikuta school deals with 'utamono' (a music genre) and the Ikuta school excelled in the technique of Solo.
- この関東の「牛鍋」に対し、関西では先に焼いた牛肉を砂糖・醤油・出汁で調味する「すき焼き」が行われていた。
- At the same time 'gyu-nabe' appeared in the Kanto region, the people of the Kansai region were making 'sukiyaki' for which beef was broiled before seasoning it with sugar, soy sauce and broth.
- それだけに、恩師に対する「礼」は深く、先生を敬う等儒教文化が良い意味で深く浸透しているという意見もある。
- Thus, they have a strong sense of 'politeness' towards former teachers, and some say that the Ju-kyo culture of respecting teachers, etc. is deeply rooted in good sense.
- これに対し、岩倉具視を始めとする政府要人や華族たちは資金を出し合って猿楽を継承する組織「能楽社」を設立。
- In response to this situation, Tomomi IWAKURA and other government officials and peers provided funding to establish 'Nohgakusha' as an organization for keeping Sarugaku.
- また、合戦における下知なき行動(抜駆け)を行った者に対し、刑罰的な意味を込めて切腹を命じる場合もあった。
- There were also cases in which individuals who acted dishonorably during battle (attacking preemptively) were ordered to commit seppuku as punishment.
- それに対し、琳派では時間や場所、身分が遠く離れた人々によって受け継がれたのは、他に類を見ない特色である。
- The Rinpa style, on the other hand, was inherited by people of various social standings living in different times and locations, which is a unique characteristic of this school.
- 相手の間違った思想に迎合することなく、正しいものは正しいと言い切り、相手と対話を通じて仏法を伝えること。
- It is to preach Buddhism through dialogue, not by compromising oneself to appeal to someone, but by insisting that what is right is right.
- 当初は高僧が天皇に対して印明伝授を行う内容であったのが、その後、摂関が印明伝授する内容になったとされる。
- It is said that, at first, inmyodenju was supposed to be conducted by a notable Buddhist priest for the emperor, but it is changed to inmyodenju by Sekkan.
- 寛永寺は他宗の問題である事を理由に宗派に任せる(事実上の容認)姿勢を見せたのに対して、増上寺は激怒した。
- Kanei-ji Temple practically approved the proposal, saying that since it was another sect's matter, they entrusted it to the other sect, while Zojo-ji Temple was infuriated.
- 総務部 - 総務課・労務厚生課・災害対策課・企画室・社会人権局 - 社会課・人権課(社会人権局長を置く)
- General Affairs Department - General Affairs Division/Labor Welfare Division/Disaster Prevention Division/Planning OfficeCommunity Human Rights Department - Community Division/Human Rights Division (The chief of Community Human Rights Department is placed.)
- 阿弥陀如来を本尊とするが、信仰の対象として建てられた阿弥陀堂と異なり常行三昧行を修するための仏堂である。
- Although the Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) is placed as the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple), this hall is not an Amida-do hall for the Amida worship, but an hall for the purpose of exercise of the Jogyo zanmai-gyo.
- これは太閤秀吉の花大桐が版木を用いたのに対して、型紙を用いて胡粉(こふん)を盛り上げた技法の違いである。
- This is due to the difference in the method to heap up whitewash by using model paper, while the hana-ogiri of Taiko Hideyoshi used a printing block.
- 主室(座敷)の構成は、正面に床と違棚を設け、縁側寄りに付書院または平書院を設け、反対側に帳台構を造った。
- The main room (zashiki, a room or place floored with tatami mats) consisted of toko and chigaidana (set of staggered shelves) in front, tsukeshoin or hirashoin (one type of window used in a shoin style room) on the side of veranda, and chodaigamae (a built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area of a formal style reception suite) on the opposite side.
- 面は里神楽などで道化役の女性として使われることもあり男性の面であるひょっとこと対に用いられることも多い。
- The mask of okame is sometimes used as to play a comical woman in Satokagura (kagura performance held somewhere other than at the imperial palace) and is often played with 'hyottoko' (droll fellow or clownish mask) as a pair.
- 後者「カラオケ」がその使用対象の大きさからも通常一般に第一に思い起こされる(想起される)ものとなっている。
- This 'karaoke' has widely spread and most people mean this one when they say 'karaoke'.
- と、国・地方公共団体の機関に対しては満年齢の使用を義務付け、数え年を用いる場合は明示することを義務付けた。
- As described above, the government and municipalities were obligated to use the Western style age system and to specify so when there is a need to mention an age based on the traditional Japanese system.
- 12世紀を通じてこれらの学派は激しく対立したが、南宋になると、新学優位から次第に道学優位へと傾いていった。
- These schools were in serious conflict throughout the twelfth century, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, predominance of New learning gradually shifted to predominance of the Do school.
- その他、じょうのう膜を原料とした抗肥満剤や対肥満食品の研究も進められている(特開2005-040107)。
- Research on the effects of anti-obesity medicine and anti-obesity aspects of food made of carpels is in progress (patent publication number 2005-040107.)
- 他の星も天の川の周辺に多いので、夏と冬の夜空はにぎやかで、これに対して春と秋の夜空には目立つ星座が少ない。
- And because there also exist many other stars around the Milky Way, the night sky in summer and winter is full of stars, in contrast, in spring and autumn, few notable constellations exist in the night sky.
- 「香典(香奠)」とは、故人に対する供物であるとともに、不意の事態に遭遇した故人の家族への支援の意味もある。
- Koden (香典 or 香奠) was not only an offering to the dead but also an assistance to the bereaved family who have encountered an unexpected misfortune.
- ビールの売り上げが減少傾向にあるのに対し、発泡酒市場は登場以来拡大しアルコール飲料の売れ筋商品でもあった。
- While the sale of beer is on the decline, the low-malt beer market has been expanding and it has been a hot-selling product since its appearance.
- 一方、ナイフ投げの場合は、対象との距離により、投げ出す速度と回転の掛け具合を変えて、刺中させる打法となる。
- Meanwhile, in knife throwing the target is hit by adjusting the speed of the throw and the way it spins and depending on the distance from the target.
- しかし、高利での貸付に耐え切れなくなった人々が徳政一揆を引き起こし、寺院がその攻撃の対象となることもある。
- However, sometimes people who could not bear the high interest rates rose up demanding cancellation of debt (tokusei ikki) and attacked the temples.
- 1から転じて、仏教における葬送儀礼の1つで、葬儀において僧侶が死者に対して読経を行った後に読誦される法語。
- Indo has expanded in meaning to be a Buddhist word that also describes the prayers a monk says to the dead after reading the sutra, which is one of the rituals performed at Buddhist funerals.
- ので、中陰期間は、故人に対する追慕、故人を通して「生と死」について考え、謹慎し求法の生活をする期間である。
- Based on this thought, during the chuin period, those involved are supposed to cherish the memory of the deceased, think about 'life and death,' discipline themselves, and seek Buddhism.
- 治承5年(1181年)の興福寺寺辺新制や嘉禄2年(1226年)の南都新制は公家の新制に対応したものである。
- Kofuku-ji Jihen Shinsei (a code of new law issued by Kofuku-ji Temple) in 1181 and Nanto Shinsei in 1226 were issued in response to shinsei set by the Imperial Court.
- また、弘長3年(1261年)には興福寺を対象とした公家新制が行われ、それを通告した太政官牒が残されている。
- Also, in 1261, Kugeshinsei (new laws imposed by the Imperial Court) targeting at Kofuku-ji Temple were set and there is an official document from Daijokan (Grand Council of State) to Buddhist temples left.
- 政権確立後は各種寺院法度の発布や本末制度・檀家制度の確立を通じて日本全国を対象とした宗教統制策を遂行した。
- After he came to power, controls on religions all over Japan were placed through the promulgation of various jiinhatto (Act of Temples) and the establishment of honmatsu seido (main-branch temple system) and danka seido (parishioner system).
- 徳一は『中辺義鏡』において法華教説や最澄に対して「凡人臆説」「顛狂人」「愚夫」などと悪し様に罵倒している。
- Tokuitsu reviled the Hokekyo theory and Saicho in 'Chuhen gikyo,' calling him 'Bonjin okusetsu' (conjecture of ordinary person), 'tengonin' (madness), 'gufu' (fool) and so on.
- つねに姉の吉祥天と行動を共にするが、彼女の容姿は醜悪で性格は姉と正反対で、災いや不幸をもたらす神とされる。
- Though she always goes with her elder sister, Kisshoten, Kokuanten with her ugly appearance and opposite character to her elder sister was said to be a goddess who brought misfortune and unhappiness.
- それに対して盤渉調では「G-AAFFEFBBBAB」となり、途中から完全4度下の移調になっている事が判る。
- Whereas, the Banshikicho tone has 'G-AAFFEFBBBAB,' which shows its transposition of a perfect fourth below, from the middle.
- その後、カラオケボックスとなり、学生までその対象が広がると、歌謡曲やヒット曲、そして洋楽へと音源は広がった。
- After that, when the karaoke box emerged and students were targeted, the music source range included popular songs, hit songs, and Western music.
- なお、古いスタイルではたこ焼きを裏返さず、片面だけ焼き、たこ焼き器ごと裏返して、対となる鉄板の上にかぶせる。
- Old-style takoyaki is not turned over; you bake hemispheres of takoyaki, turn over Takoyaki-ki itself and make the two corresponding iron plates face each other.
- 西洋音楽で言えば弦楽四重奏の各パートは緊密な重層的構造を成していて、絶対的に固定され一パートでも欠かせない。
- In the case of Western music, each part of a string quartet is linked tightly with another one in a polyphonic melody, so no single part is ever movable or dispensable.
- 大韓民国には日本統治時代に伝わったが、朝鮮語には「ツ」に対応する音がないため「トンカス」()と呼ばれている。
- The dish spread to South Korea when the country was under Japan's rule, and as the Korean language does not have a similar sound to 'tsu,' it is called 'Tonkasu' there.
- いわば「改良たかね錦」であるが、1980年代に同県への美山錦の導入が考えられたときに主たる比較対照となった。
- It might be called an improved 'Takane nishiki,' and it was used as the standard for comparison when Miyama nishiki was introduced into Akita Prefecture in the 1980s.
- 上記の展望台などにある「股のぞき台」の上に乗って、反対方向を向いて、股の間から天橋立をみるという方法である。
- People get on a platform for Mata-nozoki at the observatories in the places above, turn their back to Amanohashidate, and bend down and look from between their legs.
- しかし、この時の方針を巡って諸流派の間で対立が勃発、有力な流派であった小川流、花月菴流などが脱退してしまう。
- However, there suddenly occurred a conflict among the schools over the policy then, and that made some popular schools such as the Ogawa school, the Kagetsuan school, etc., withdraw from the association.
- 愛媛県には「いよかん大使」を起用したミカン(かんきつ類全般を対象とする)PRキャンペーンを例年行なっている。
- In Ehime Prefecture, they tailored a campaign for mikan using the title 'Ambassador Iyokan' (for all the citrus fruits) every year.
- 日本の温泉が入浴本位で発展したのに対し、欧州の温泉は飲用を主に、日光浴や空気浴を加えた保養地として発達した。
- While hot springs have been used basically for bathing in Japan, they have been mainly used in Europe for drinking as well as for resorts where people enjoy sun-bathing and air-bathing.
- それゆえ、この国に棲む人々は四季の移ろいに敏感で、穏やかではあるが自然に対して感受性の鋭い国民性が育まれた。
- Therefore, people living in this country are sensitive to changes of the seasons, and are modest, but, the nationality of being very sensitive to the nature was fostered.
- 合気道では「相手の欲するところを自ら与える」などと言い、一般的に相手の攻撃に対する防御技・返し技の形をとる。
- In aikido, there is a phrase, 'voluntarily offer what the opponent wants,' and defensive techniques and kaeshi waza (returning the opponent's waza (technique) immediately) are common forms.
- また法華経に対する時は、是の経の出世は乃至法華の中の八千の声聞に記別を授くることを得て大菓実を成ずるが如し。
- Also, when facing the Lotus Sutra, this sutra is believed to have owed its success to the Buddha's teachings revealed in the Lotus Sutra, which brought salvation to 8000 disciples of his.
- 二月堂の本尊は「大観音」「小観音」と呼ばれる二体の観音像で、いずれも絶対の秘仏で練行衆も見ることができない。
- The honzon in Nigatsu-do Hall is two Kannon-zo (statue of the Kannon) called 'big kannon' and 'small kannon' and both of them are Buddhist image normally withheld from public view and cannot be seen even by Rengyoshu.
- この書における一乗批判・法華経批判に対して最澄が著したのが『照権実鏡』であり、ここから両者の論争が始まった。
- In rivalry with the criticism against ichijo and Hokekyo in this book, Saicho wrote 'Shogon-jikkyo,' which is where the dispute between them started.
- これに対して、ほとんどの和紙生産地は、平安時代の官立の紙漉き場の紙屋院で確立された「流し漉き」を用いている。
- On the contrary, almost all production areas of Japanese paper adopted the method of 'Nagashi-suki' (poured water-disposing paper making) that was established at Kamiyain, a national paper making place during the Heian period.
- 芸者が2本以上の着用を許されなかったのに対し、遊女は多くの吉丁を髮へ装着していたことで見分けることができる。
- While geisha were not allowed to wear two pieces or more, yujo (prostitute) wore many yoshicho in their hair.
- 脱活乾漆像が中空の像であるのに対し、木心乾漆像の像内には木心が残ったままであり、麻布もさほど厚くは貼らない。
- While statues of dakkatsu-kanshitsuzo are hollow, mokushin-kanshitsuzo have a wood core inside with the hemp cloth layer being thinner than the former technique.
- それまでの着物が袖口が大きく袖丈一杯まで開いていたので大袖と言うのに対し、小袖は袖口が狭いという特徴がある。
- While up until then, the kimono had large wrist openings to the full sleeve width and was called Osode, kosode has small wrist openings.
- (双調、壱越調、太食調は対応する洋音階の長音階と比べてシに相当する音が半音低い(ミクソリディア旋法と同様))
- (The note of the Ti in Sojo, Ichikotsucho and Taishikicho tone is a semi-tone lower than the equivalent major scale of the Western system (being equivalent to the Mixolydian mode)).
- 流派の人々も全日本弓道連盟に所属し審査を受けている場合もあり、連盟と多くの流派組織は対立しているわけではない。
- Since some of the people belonging to schools belong to the All Nippon Kyudo Federation and receive reviews, the federation and the many school organizations are not in conflict.
- これに対し「古管」あるいは「地無し管」と呼ぶ古いタイプの尺八は、管の内側に節による突起を残し、漆地も塗らない。
- In contrast to the shakuhachi fabricated using the above method, the bore of older shakuhachi called 'ko-kan' (literally, 'antique shakuhachi'), or 'ji-nashi-kan' (literally, 'shakuhachi without urushi-ji) are not coated with urushi-ji, and remnants of the joints often visible.
- しかしながら世界的なすしブームや国内需要の増勢の結果、近年の対日輸出実績は割り当て枠を下回る状態となっている。
- However, because of the sushi boom worldwide and the increased domestic demand in South Korea, today the actual export to Japan is below the quota.
- 鞍馬駅より石段下を通り鞍馬温泉方面への一方通行で、そこから鞍馬の民家の裏側を流れる川の反対側へ渡り、南へ下る。
- Visitors proceed from Kurama Station, pass the bottom of the stone steps, walk through a one-way street in the direction of Kurama hot spring, across the river running behind the houses at Kurama, and proceed south.
- 漢唐時代には細々と伝承されてきたとする孔子の道に対する系譜が作られ、自己をその最後に置く道統論が盛んになった。
- Genealogy was created for the way of Koshi, which was quietly being passed down during the Han and Tang eras, and discussions about how a saint initiated another into Tao within Confucianism, where people would put themselves at the end of the genealogy, became popular.
- 外部に対しては、平曲(平家琵琶)及び三曲(箏、地歌三味線、胡弓)、あるいは鍼灸、按摩などの職種を独占していた。
- Externally, the organization monopolized the rights of professionals such as heikyoku (the music played on Heike biwa as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike Monogatari), sankyoku (so [thirteen-stringed Japanese zither], jiuta shamisen [a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment] and kokyu [Chinese fiddle]), shinkyu and anma massage.
- その後、非ヨーロッパ国として初めて近代化に成功し、日清・日露戦争に勝利した日本に対して世界的な関心も高まった。
- Thereafter, Japan has succeeded in modernization for the first time as a non-European country, and the world showed a keen interest in Japan which won the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo Wars.
- この経緯から日本における作法の一環で相手を敬う意図により、現在でも来客に対して必ずといってよいほど提供される。
- Given this background, it is a matter of etiquette in Japan that even today a guest must be given a zabuton in order to show respect.
- 元来山笠絵師が下絵を描いていた頃は、絵師の風景の構成の仕方の考え方から、飾りや人形の配置は左右非対称であった。
- When yamagasa eshi painters originally drew preliminary sketches, ornaments and dolls were asymmetrically arranged on the basis of their viewpoints about landscape composition.
- そしておもむろに1対のハマグリ殻を掌中に取り上げ、片手で合わせ、よくあったならば、2つにわけて膝の前に伏せる。
- Someone calmly takes up a pair of clamshells in her hand, and if they match perfectly in one hand, she separates the pair and put them inside down in front of her knees.
- 豊後節の特徴は義太夫節の豪壮な性格とは対照的に、一中節の上品な性格を生かしたやわらかで艶っぽい語り口にあった。
- The characteristic of Bungo-bushi was its erotic manner of recitation based on the elegant nature of Icchu-bushi, which contrasted with the dynamic nature of Gidayu-bushi.
- 年神や祖霊を迎える行事の多い大正月に対し、小正月は豊作祈願などの農業に関連した行事や家庭的な行事が中心となる。
- In contrast to Ooshogatsu, which is full of events for welcoming Toshigami (god of the incoming year) and Sorei (ancestral spirit, being the collective of ancestral spirits that have lost their individuality), Koshogatsu is centered around homey events and events relating to agriculture, such as praying for a good harvest.
- 東京都などが都市部のヒートアイランド対策として、数十万人の都民がいっせいに打ち水を行うという計画を進めている。
- As a countermeasure for the urban heat island phenomenon, Tokyo Metropolitan Government and others are implementing the program in which hundreds of thousands of citizens conduct Uchimizu simultaneously.
- 鎌倉幕府が布いた沽酒の禁は廃止され、室町幕府は反対に酒造業者たちに課税して幕府の財源として活用する道を選んだ。
- The Koshu no kin promulgated by the Kamakura bakufu was abolished and on the contrary, the Muromachi bakufu chose to introduce taxation on sake breweries and utilize it as a financial resource of the bakufu.
- これは天台宗の本覚思想と対比、また同一視されるが、そもそも人間は生まれつき汚れた存在ではないというものである。
- Although this idea is contrasted, or identified with Hongaku philosophy in the Tendai sect, it tells that people are pure beings by nature.
- 藤原氏の前身である「中臣氏」は神祇に関わり、仏教伝来に際しては中臣鎌子、中臣勝海らの強硬な反対者を出している。
- The Nakatomi clan from which the Fujiwara clan emerged had been involved in religious affairs and had produced strong opponents of Introduction of Buddhism, such as NAKATOMI no Kamako and NAKATOMI no Katsumi.
- しかし、浄土においては一切の衆生は平等であるという教えにより、一部で院号を用いる事に対し、反対する意見もある。
- Some opposes the use of Ingo based on the doctrine that all living things are equal in Jodo.
- 定性の二乗と仏性の無い無性の衆生は、仏果を悟ることは絶対出来ないのであり、三乗の考えこそ真実であると主張した。
- He claimed that nijo with a jo-sho (fixed) nature and sentient beings with a musho nature can never achieve enlightenment, and that only the concept of sanjo is true.
- 焼酎のお湯割りは、酒杯に先に湯を入れ、後から焼酎を静かに加えることによって、対流が発生し自然に混ざる状態となる。
- How to make shochu with hot water is; first, pour hot water in a glass, and then gently add shochu, then it is blended naturally by generated convection.
- 同じ射距離で同じ弓・矢・カケを用いているにも関わらず、極論全く正反対の技術であっても現在のところは通用している。
- As an extreme example, it's considered acceptable for now, when the same bow, arrow and Kyudo gloves are used at the same shooting range, but the techniques are completely opposite.
- 朱熹・陸九淵の両者は直に対面して論争したが(鵝湖の会)、結論は全く出ず、互いの学説の違いを再確認するに留まった。
- Chu His and Riku Kyuen argued in person (the talk at Gako), but reached no conclusion, and only reconfirmed the differences in their theories.
- 宗達の画では、両神の視線が下界に向けられているのに対し、光琳の画では両神がお互いを見るように視線が交差している。
- Two gods look each other in Korin's painting while gods look down to the nether world in Sotatsu's painting.
- 昭和2年頃、旧磐田郡豊田町(旧井通村)役場の農事監督官、熊谷一郎氏が、昭和の不況対策のため新作物として導入した。
- Around 1926, Ichiro Kumagai, who was an inspector of farming at the town office of Toyoda-cho (the former Idoori Village), in the previous Iwata district, introduced ebi-imo into the area as a new crop to deal with the Showa recession.
- これに対しては、「消費者権利の拡大」と賛同的に取る立場と、「酒造技術の低下を招くもの」と批判的に取る立場がある。
- Some understood this affirmatively as an 'expansion of the rights of consumers' and the other understood critically as 'inducing the degrading of sake brewing technology.'
- 広島や神戸では、現在でもマヨネーズの使用は少なく、同じ関西でも大阪と神戸ではマヨネーズに対する嗜好に違いがある。
- Even now in Hiroshima or Kobe few use mayonnaise and even in the same Kansai region; the preference for mayonnaise is different between Osaka and Kobe.
- 相撲や剣道等においては、試合をする直前に対戦する相手と仕切り線をはさみ、腰を下ろして向かい合う姿勢のことを言う。
- For sumo or kendo (Japanese fencing), sonkyo refers to the posture taken by the wrestlers or the fighters as they face each other and squat down at each starting line, just prior to the start of a match.
- 穴が開いていて風通しが良いことから転じて、発言を聞き流してしまう人に対して「竹輪の耳」を持つ人と呼ぶことがある。
- Since Chikuwa has a hole to let air through, people who tend to miss other people's speech are said to have 'Chikuwa ears.'
- そのため、支配を拡げようとする戦国大名はこれらの勢力と妥協するか対立するか選択を迫られ、多くが妥協の道をとった。
- For this reason, sengoku daimyo who hoped to expand their control, were forced to choose between compromise or conflict with these groups, with most of them choosing to compromise.
- 室町時代の初期には南禅寺などの禅宗と旧仏教勢力の延暦寺などの天台宗は対立し、初期の幕府において政治問題にもなる。
- At the beginning of the Muromachi period, the Zen sect, such as Nanzen-ji Temple, and the old Buddhist groups, such as Enryaku-ji Temple, often clashed, causing political problems for the new shogunate.
- 日本では後宇多天皇が、建長寺を創建した蘭渓道隆に対し、没後に「大覚」の禅師号を贈り、これが最初の禅師号となった。
- Emperor Gouda presented Doryu RANKEI who founded Kencho-ji Temple the status of Zenji after Doyu's passing whereby he was conferred the first Zenji in Japan.
- そこには、天台宗の立場から編纂された仏教史書である『仏祖統紀』への対抗意識も潜在的に有していたことが考えられる。
- It is conceivable that emergence of the new books mentioned in the foregoing was propelled by the underlying rivalry against the historiography on the Buddhism 'Busso Toki' (Genealogy of the Buddhist Patriarchs) which was compiled from the Tendai Sect perspective.
- 定額とは、定員のことを指し、律令制においては課税逃れを防ぐために朝廷は寺院に対して厳しく僧侶の定員遵守を求めた。
- The word 'jogaku' refers to 'a quota,' and under the ritsuryosei the Imperial Court compelled Buddhist temples to comply with a Buddhist monk quota to prevent them from wriggle out of taxes.
- 智顗が教学と実践を兼ね備えており、これらの解釈を盛んに主張したことに対抗できず、涅槃宗は吸収合併されるに至った。
- Therefore, they did not have power to hold out against Chigi who made out these interpretation at full blast because he was excellent in both learning of religious doctrines and practice, and the Nehan Sect was taken over.
- 大鎧に付属する兜は、顔面の両側を防御する吹返(ふきかえし)が大きく張り出しており、矢に対する防御が図られている。
- The helmet attached to large armor has 2 big flips of fukikaeshi to protect both sides of the face from arrows.
- 最大の違いは、箏では柱(じ)と呼ばれる可動式の支柱で弦の音程を調節するのに対し、琴(きん)では柱が無いことである。
- The biggest difference between the two is that while the tune of Soh is modulated by movable props called ji, there is no prop in the case of kin.
- 家元藪内家は京都市下京区西洞院通正面下にあり、このため上京区にある上流(三千家)に対して下流と呼び習わされてきた。
- Since the school's head family, the Yabunouchi family, is based at Nishinotoin-dori Street, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, it is commonly called the Lower (shimo) School, as opposed to the Sansenke schools (Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushakojisenke) located in Kamigyo Ward and known as the Upper (kami) Schools.
- 神仏に対する供物や神具を清めるほかに、花柳界や相撲のような水商売の世界では一種の縁起かつぎとして人に対しても行う。
- It is performed to purify altarages or ritual articles presented to Shinto and Buddhist deities and may also be performed for those who believe in omens in the world of chancy business such as Sumo or karyukai (world of the geisha).
- 酒造統制(しゅぞうとうせい)とは、日本の江戸幕府が酒造業に対して加えた制限(規制)及び奨励(規制緩和)政策のこと。
- Sake brewing control is the restriction (control) and promotion (relaxation of the control) policy adopted by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Japan for the sake brewing industry.
- 一方、日本合気道協会(富木流)では主に対短刀を想定した乱取りを行っており、刃物に対する護身術として理解されている。
- lMeanwhile, the Japan Aikido Association (Tomiki school) practices randori (throwing practice with both partners trying to throw each other) with short swords in mind, and it's considered an art of self-defense against blades.
- 竹刀(しない)は、日本の武道である剣道の稽古および試合で防具 (剣道)に対して打突する竹でできた刀の代替品である。
- Shinai is a substitute sword made of bamboo used in the Japanese martial art of kendo for training or for hitting or pushing against armor (Kendo) in tournaments.
- 一般には、暮れに世話になった人に対し感謝するなどの歳暮周り(せいぼまわり)と呼ばれる年中行事が行われることが多い。
- Generally, as an annual event, people make the rounds to offer thanks to someone at the end of the year for caring about them.
- しかし、これに発して岡倉らが育てて現在に至る日本画はそれとも異り、洋画の対抗勢力としてその後に発達したものである。
- However, the Nihon-ga established then and fostered by Okakura and others up until the present has continued to develop as a rival force to Yo-ga.
- これらの盲僧たちはそれぞれの組織を持ち、室町時代から江戸時代にかけ、平曲の盲人演奏家の組織である当道座と対立した。
- These blind priests belonged to their own guild and had a conflict with Todo-za, an organization of blind musicians of Heikyoku, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period.
- 特に最初の「狗子仏性(趙州無字)」の公案は、「犬にも仏性はあるか」に対し、「無」と答えた、というだけの内容である。
- In particular, the first koan, 狗子仏性 (趙州無字), is simply as follows, literally 'Is a dog provided with bussho (the Buddhist nature)?', to which the answer is 'None'.
- これに対し、真言宗の本流をもって任ずる高野山の僧らは文観を危険視し、1335年(建武2年)に大規模な弾圧を加えた。
- In response, monks in the Mt. Koya, who professed to be the mainstream of the Shingonshu sect, regarded Monkan as dangerous and in 1335 they oppressed the Tachikawa-ryu school on a big scale.
- 古代ペルシャの聖典『アヴェスター』に出る最高神アフラ・マズダーに対応するといわれる(以下、歴史的背景の項を参照)。
- Ashura is said to correspond to Ahura Mazda, which is the highest-ranking deity appearing in the ancient Persian scripture 'Avesta' (see the article of historical background).
- 一般的に“罰”(ばつ)とは、ある定めに従わない行為がなされた場合に、その行為をした者に対して苦を与えることをいう。
- In general, the term 'punishment' refers to forcing hardship on a person who does not obey certain rules.
- 後に蓮如と加賀守護富樫政親が対立した文明_(日本)7年(1476年)には、長兄の順如と連絡を取って父を脱出させた。
- Later, in 1476, when Rennyo conflicted with Masachika TOGASHI, who held the position of Kaga no Shugo, he contacted his oldest brother Junnyo to extricate their father.
- 宋 (南朝)の元嘉27年(450年)、第三代皇帝文帝劉義隆は劉康祖・沈慶之らの反対を押し切って北魏へと攻め込んだ。
- Under the Song (Southern Dynasty) in 450, Liu Yilong, the third-generation Emperor Wen, waged war on the Northern Wei Dynasty despite opposition from Liu Kangzu, Shen Qingzhi, and others.
- 大導師以下、練行衆は床から降り、しゃがんで合掌し、戒の一つ一つに対して「よく保つ、よく保つ、よく保つ」と三遍誓う。
- Following Daidoshi, Rengyoshu go down from the floor, squat down, put the palms of hands together and swear for every precept, saying 'Observe well, observe well, observe well' three times.
- 大師堂(だいしどう)は、日本における仏堂の呼称の1つで、大師 (僧)を贈られた僧を礼拝の対象として祀るものである。
- Daishi-do hall is a type of Buddhist hall in Japan built to enshrine and pray to a priest who was entitled as Daishi (literally a great master, an honorific title given by the Imperial Court).
- 故人に対して贈られる名前と誤解されているが、本来は、生きている間に仏弟子として生きていく事を誓い、授かる名である。
- Though Homyo is misunderstood as a name given to the deceased, originally it is the name given by swearing to live as a disciple of Buddha throughout life.
- 帳台構えの敷居鴨居や柱、方立て(ほたて)などすべて黒塗りに仕上げられ、対面の儀式を重厚な格式ある雰囲気に演出する。
- The threshold and kamoi of the chodaigamae, pillars and hotate (a thin board or narrow post set on each side of a door or gate to provide a neat finish) were all finished in black-lacquered, which created a heavy and prestigious atmosphere of a ceremony.
- 黒書院は、対面所である白書院の奥に位置し、主室の一の間には正面右手に一間半の床を設け、床柱には面皮柱を使っている。
- The Kuroshoin located in the depth of Shiroshoin, which is a room used to meet guests, and in the main room, ichi no ma, there is a toko of one and half ken wide and menkawabashira as a pillar of toko.
- 左の袖を射向の袖(いむけのそで)、右の袖を馬手の袖(めてのそで)と呼び、敵対する左の袖の方をより堅牢に作ってある。
- The left sleeve is called 'Imuke-no-Sode' (sleeve of shooting direction) while the right sleeve is called 'Mete-no-sode' (sleeve of horse controlling hand), the left sleeve, which is facing the enemy, is made stronger.
- 平坦な広場として実用的に使われていた「庭」に小池を掘り、小島を築いて観賞の対象としての「庭園」が造られたのである。
- Until then, 'gardens' were built on flat agora and practically used, however, they dug a small pond with a small island, and made the 'garden' into an object for viewing.
- 自然が人間と対立し克服すべき対象となるのではなく、自然の中にとけこみ、自然に従いながら作庭しようとする意味である。
- It means that nature is not an object opposed to human and to be overcome, but an object that a human adapts himself to and a human should produce gardens subject to nature.
- しかし、刀自体重量が軽いので切断する際手前にスライドさせて力の向きを切断物に対し直角からそらして加える必要がある。
- However, it is necessary to slide and pull when cutting so that the direction of force is added at a right angle against the object to cut, because the sword itself is light.
- 対して水ワサビは、流水と透水性の良い土壌によってアリルイソチオシアネートが洗い流されるので、大きくなることが出来る。
- Contrastingly, Mizuwasabi can grow larger, since allyl isothiocyanate is washed away amid the running water and permeable soil.
- 東坡肉では(皮付きの)三枚肉だけを調理するのに対して、角煮ではダイコンなど他の材料を加えて同時に調理することがある。
- Only ribs (with unhusked skin) are cooked in Dong Po Rou, while other ingredients such as radish are added and cooked at the same time in Kakuni.
- ハマグリなどの二枚貝は、対となる貝殻としか組み合わせることができないので、裏返した貝殻のペアを選ぶようにして遊んだ。
- Bivalves such as clams would not match any shell other than their counterpart, so people played kaiawase choosing a pair out of the shells placed face down.
- これはもち米6に対しうるち米4で作った団子を小豆の粉の汁で煮込み、塩味を付けたものであり、その上から白砂糖をかける。
- To make the susuridango, stew dumplings made of mochi-gome (glutinous rice with its carbohydrate molecule consisting of 100% amylopectin) and uruchi-mai (glutinous rice with its carbohydrate molecule consisting of 80% amylopectin and 20% amylose) in a red bean flour soup, while the ratio of mochi-gome and uruchi-mai in the dumpling is six to four, add salt, then sprinkle some sugar.
- サントリーは秋の酒税法変更に対し、麦芽使用率を25%未満にした「スーパーホップス」を同年5月から市場に投入している。
- In May, the same year, Suntory began marketing 'Super Hop's,' in which the ratio of malt was less than 25%, in response to that Fall's revision of the Liquor Tax Act.
- 寺社奉行松平忠順は困惑して、徳川将軍家の菩提寺である寛永寺(天台宗)と増上寺(浄土宗)に意見書に対する見解を求めた。
- Tadayori MATSUDAIRA, the commissioner of temples and shrines, was perplexed and asked Kanei-ji Temple (the Tandaishu sect) and Zojo-ji Temple (the Jodoshu sect), family temples belonging to the Tokugawa shogun's family, for their opinions about the proposal.
- →これに対して、官大寺や国分寺以外の官寺が全て定額寺となってしまい、定額寺の特殊性を見出せなくなるという反論がある。
- Some argue that if this theory was true, 'kanji' (state-sponsored temples) other than kandaiji and kokubunji would be considered jogakuji without exception, and it would become impossible to think of jogakuji as special.
- それを証左するように羅什三蔵門下の道生以降、法雲や智顗は『法華経』の注釈書において「妙法」を絶対の真理と定めている。
- As if to prove this, disciples of Raju Sanzo (another name of Kumaraju), including those from Dosho to Houn and Chigi (Zhiyi), defined 'Myoho' as the absolute truth in their commentaries on 'Hokekyo.'
- 本如は若干22歳で宗主継職したこともあり、7代能化職の智洞(寛政9年就任)を頂点とする学林派に対して無力に近かった。
- As Honnyo succeeded the suzerain at the age of 22, he was nearly helpless to Gakurin-ha whose top was the seventh Nokeshoku Chido (inaugurated in 1797).
- 20年の留学予定が僅か2年にして帰国した規則違反の空海に対して、朝廷は大同4年(809年)まで入京を許可しなかった。
- The Imperial Court thought that Kukai, who was supposed to study overseas for twenty years, came back only two years after his departure from Japan, broke the regulation and did not allow him to come into Kyoto until 809.
- 例えば満州の厳寒に対応した「振武刀」や海軍が使用したステンレス鋼の日本刀(「耐錆刀」)など、各種の軍刀が研究された。
- For example, various military swords including 'Shinbuto' that is strong in the bitter cold of Manchuria, and Japanese swords of stainless steel the Navy used ('Taiseito') were studied.
- しかし、新成人が参加するとはいえ、自治体関係者の意向と新成人の意向が対立した場合は自治体の意向が採用されることも多い。
- However, even though new adults participate in the planning, if there is a conflict between the intentions of people concerned from the autonomy body and the new adults, the intentions of autonomy body prevails in many cases.
- 海軍はむつ市、横須賀市、舞鶴市、呉市、佐世保市といった限られた都市にしかいなかったのに対し、陸軍が全国に駐屯していた。
- While Navy's stations were in limited cities such as Mutsu City, Yokosuka City, Maizuru City, Kure City, and Sasebo City, the Army was stationed all across the country.
- 女忍は、主に力一辺倒では太刀打ちできない相手に対して下女などと偽って送り込まれ、機密情報の収集や暗殺などを請け負った。
- Nyonin were sent to the enemy that they could not beat through physical strength alone, and were disguised as maid servants, whereupon they gathered classified information and committed assassinations.
- また張之洞は康有為の学説に反対して『勧学篇』を著し、西学を導入しつつ体制教学としての儒教の形を守ることを主張している。
- Additionally, Cho Shido opposed the theory of Ko Yui (Kang Youwei) and wrote 'Kangakuhen,' preaching to maintain the form of Ju-kyo as the system teaching and learning while adopting Western culture.
- これは片桐本家の8代小泉藩主片桐貞信が江戸千家の茶風を取り入れて「新石州流」を名乗ったことに対抗したものと伝えられる。
- This name is said to have come from the rivalry with the 'Shin-Sekishu-ryu School,' which had been founded by the eighth lord of Koizumi Domain, Sadanobu KATAGIRI, by adding elements of the Edo Senke School to the Sekishu-ryu School.
- そして、大和魂が元々持っていた「外来の知識を摂取して、柔軟に応用する」という意味と正反対の受け止められ方をされていた。
- As such, it took on a meaning that was the complete opposite of the original 'adopting foreign knowledge and applying it flexibly'.
- 長寿番組『笑点』(日本テレビ)の中でも人気のコーナーが、設問に対して噺家が機智に富んだ回答で笑いの妙を競う「大喜利」。
- Ogiri' is the name of a popular segment on the long-running television show 'Shoten' broadcast by Nihon TV, in which rakugo storytellers must give a witty reply to a question and get some laughs.
- それに対して、富本と長唄の混交から生れた清元には豪壮さがまったくなく、高音を多用した繊細で情緒的な浄瑠璃になっている。
- Contrastingly, Kiyomoto, being a mixture of Tomimoto and Nagauta, has no dynamism at all but is a delicate and emotional Joruri in which high tones are frequently used.
- 合気道の技を通して敵との対立を解消し、自然宇宙との「和合」「万有愛護」を実現するような境地に至ることを理想としている。
- Its ideal is to resolve conflict with the enemy through aikido techniques, and to reach a state of realizing 'harmony' and 'loving and protecting all things' in nature and the universe.
- 中世の『ハッティンの戦い』は重装歩兵に対し弓騎兵が執拗な攻撃をしかけ敵の戦意を喪失させる事で勝った古典的な事例である。
- 'The Battle of Hattin' in the Medieval period is a classic example of archery cavalry soldiers attacking heavily armed foot soldiers persistently so that they would not want to fight any more and they won the battle.
- 親子丼が鶏の肉と鶏の卵を使うことに対し、鶏肉以外の肉(牛肉・豚肉)を使用する事(他人の肉を使用する)から名づけられた。
- Oyako-don is made using chicken and eggs, whereas tanin-don is made using meat except for chicken (beef or pork), i.e., using meat of a stranger for an egg; hence tanin-don is named after this recipe.
- しかし、蓮如と加賀守護富樫政親が対立した文明 (日本)7年(1476年)に吉崎御坊にいた父と合流して一旦加賀を離れた。
- In 1476, however, when Rennyo and Masachika TOGASHI, the provincial constable of Kaga Province, came into conflict, Renko joined his father who was then in Yoshizaki Gobo (the first permanently fortified temple, founded by Rennyo in 1471), and left Kaga once.
- 転輪聖王(武力でなく仏法によって世界を治める理想の王)は、兵士に対してその手柄に従って城や衣服、財宝などを与えていた。
- Tenrinjoo (universal ruler) (ideal king who reigns over the world not by armed force but by Buddhism) gave soldiers castles, clothes, treasures and so on according to feats they achieved.
- 京から紙が越前奉書紙や鳥の子紙など高級な紙を用いたのに対して、「江戸から紙」は、西の内紙、細川紙、宇陀紙などを用いた。
- While kyo karakami used high quality paper such as Echizen hoshogami and torinoko paper, the 'Edo karakami' used Nishinouchi-gami, Hosokawa-gami, uda-gami (uda paper) and so on.
- 二条城の中段の間は、上段の間より一段下がり、対面の儀式の参列者の中でも、特に官位・階位の高いものが、その順位で座した。
- The Chudan no ma in the Nijo-jo Castle was down one step from the Jodan no ma and especially high class attendants of the ceremony were seated in accordance to their ranks.
- 床の間は、床を単独で配置するだけではなく、書院造の伝統を受け継ぎ廊下(採光)側に付書院、反対側に脇棚を備える事が多い。
- In tokonoma, toko is not only placed alone, but also frequently accompanied by tsukeshoin (a built-in table) at the corridor (daylighting) side, and by wakidana (shelves next to tokonoma) at the opposite side, in accordance with the tradition of Shoin-zukuri style.
- また、いわゆる「平成の大合併」で市町村名の変更のあった地域も多いことから新旧住所の対応などに追われることも考えられよう。
- There may be another factor whereby the regular workers have to match old addresses with new ones in many areas where the municipal names have changed due to the so-called 'great merger of municipalities in the Heisei era.'
- 打ち合わせもの(元の曲に対し、合奏できるように作られた別の曲があり、実際に異曲合奏で演じられるのが普通に行なわれる曲群)
- Uchiawasemono (a group of pieces that are usually performed different musical pieces together; it is comprised of a main piece and the other pieces composed as suitable for the ensemble)
- 十三本の糸には名称があり、演奏する側の反対側から一、二、三、四と数え、十以降の糸は斗(と)、為(い)、巾(きん)と呼ぶ。
- Each 13 ito has a name; namely, starting from the opposite side of player, ito is counted 'ichi' (first), 'ni' (second), 'san' (third), 'shi' (fourth) and from the 10th ito, it is called 'to', 'i' and 'kin'.
- 賭け事などで期待値を高め、遊興にメリハリを付け作業対効果を簡単に上げる為や、難しい手(役)を作った事に対する祝意である。
- In gambling and related activities, shugi refers to increasing the returns to make it more exciting, or to money given to congratulate a making a difficult hand.
- 転じて飛ぶことができない鳥を焼き鳥とかけ、一度も和了をすることができなかったプレイヤーに対するペナルティを焼き鳥という。
- From this comparison, yakitori (grilled chicken), implicitly meaning a bird that cannot fly, means the penalty that is given to a player who could not win at all.
- 山口県長門市は養鶏業が盛んであり、比較的安価に良質の鶏肉が流通されていたこともあって、人口に対する焼き鳥店の比率が多い。
- In Nagato City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, the ratio of the number of yakitori-ya restaurants to population is high, because poultry farming is popular and high quality chicken had been distributed at relatively low prices in this city.
- これに対して、地域を活性化しようとする見地から「地域おこしの目玉」として考案された「郷土料理」が多く見られるようになる。
- In response, many local dishes were created as a feature to revitalize local communities.
- 当時最大の仏教勢力であった浄土真宗に対しては、お家争いにつけ込んで東西に分裂させ、結果的に勢力を弱体化させることもした。
- Taking advantage of a succession dispute within the Jodo Shinshu sect, which was the largest Buddhist sect at the time, he made it split into 'east' and 'west', which resulted in the weakening of the sect.
- これに対して父・蓮如は激しく非難しているが、実際には管領細川政元の暗黙の了解を得て室町幕府による討伐令を中止させている。
- Their father Rennyo harshly criticized this, but they succeeded in stopping the order for punitive expedition by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), based on a tacit agreement with Shogunal Deputy Masamoto HOSOKAWA.
- これに対して浄土真宗各派は激しく抗議した為、その後審議のやり直しを決定したものの、実際には単なる先送りに他ならなかった。
- All the branches of the Jodo Shinshu sect opposed the decision and made fierce protests to the bakufu, so it plans were made to discuss the matter again, but in reality it was merely a delaying tactic.
- それに対し法相宗では、小乗(声聞乗・縁覚乗)・大乗(菩薩乗)の区別を重んじ、それぞれ悟りの境地が違うとする三乗説を説く。
- In contrast, the Hosso sect of Buddhism teaches sanjo-setsu, a doctrine which teaches that different vehicles can be used to attain a state of satori, emphasizing the distinction between Hinayana (vehicle of the hearers or solitary-Buddha vehicle; Buddhists whose primary concern is their own enlightenment) and Mahayana Buddhism (enlightenment-bound vehicle).
- 古代の神道の清浄な「白」に対す聖性に対して、光り輝く黄金色の新しい聖性は、古代の日本人に大きな価値観の変化をもたらした。
- As opposed to the holiness toward pure 'white' of the Shinto (Shintoism) in ancient times, the new shining golden holiness provided a big change in the sense of worth for ancient Japanese.
- 男性的な楮の穀紙や奉書紙に対して、肌合いが優しくきめの細かい雁皮紙は、詠草(えいそう)料紙(りょうし)として愛用された。
- As opposed to the kokushi (paper made from the fibers of the mulberry tree, which is native to Japan and widely cultivated) and hoshogami (heavy Japanese paper of the best quality) made of kozo (mulberry tree) and seen as masculine paper, ganpishi, which was gentle to touch and fine textured, were favored as ryoshi for eiso.
- 他方でこのような遊芸化の傾向に対して、本来の茶道の目的である「人をもてなす際に現れる心の美しさ」が強調されるようになる。
- On the other hand, it began to stress the original purpose of sado, 'the beauty of the mind that appears when entertaining a guest' in response to the inclination of it becoming a form of entertainment in districts.
- 家庭用ゲーム機でもPCエンジンではCD-G、ドリームキャストやWiiでは通信カラオケによるカラオケシステムに対応している。
- Among home-use game machines, PC Engine is adapted to a karaoke system based on CD-G, and Dreamcast and Wii are adapted to an online karaoke system.
- なお、これに対しタモリは「昼間の牛丼屋で牛皿を肴に一杯やってるオヤジを見るとしぶいと思う」とさらにマニアックな返しをした。
- Also Tamori responded to her showing his further fanatic liking for it by saying, 'I find middle-aged men having a drink with gyusara (beef dish) as a side dish unobtrusively elegant at gyudon shops in the daytime.'
- 成人式の参加対象となる成人は、前年の「成人の日」の翌日からその年の「成人の日」までに誕生日を迎える人を祝う日となっている。
- Adults subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony are those whose birthday range from the next day of the 'Coming-of-Age Day' in the previous year to the 'Coming-of-Age Day' of the year, and receive blessing on 'Coming-of-Age Day.'
- 関西歌舞伎に対してある者は見切りをつけ、またある者は失望し、役者稼業を続けるにせよ、以下の様な形で離れてゆく者が続出する。
- Some left Kansai Kabuki and others grew discouraged, and many left even though they continued to be actors as shown below.
- 大辞泉によれば、ツッコミは「漫才で、ぼけに対して、主に話の筋を進める役」とされているが、実際には必ずしもそうとは限らない。
- According to Daijisen (a type of Japanese dictionary), tsukkomi is a role that develops a plot of the topic; however, that is not necessarily so.
- その後牛海綿状脳症問題や、本質は一過性流行であったこともあり、東京などの大都市圏などでは絶対的に定着するには至らなかった。
- However, it didn't take root in big city areas like Tokyo; part of the reason was that there was a BSE issue and also the popularity was just temporary.
- 同様の言葉に「参詣(さんけい)」があるが、参拝は拝むことに主眼があるのに対し、参詣は寺社へ詣でる(行く)ことに主眼がある。
- Sankei' is the synonym for sanpai, but sankei focuses on the act of visiting a shrine or a temple while sanpai emphasizes the act of praying.
- 長崎県対馬市佐賀(さか)の「永留菓子店」が製造・販売している「佐賀のたい焼き」の鯛は尾を曲げて全体が今川焼きのように丸い。
- The sea bream of 'Saga no Taiyaki' which are made and sold by 'Nagatome Confectionery' in Saka, Tsushima City, Nagasaki Prefecture have a curved tail and their whole shape is round just like Imagawa-yaki.
- 弓は狩猟目的の生活道具から殺傷目的の対人武器へと用いられるようになり、弓に対してより高い威力、飛距離を求めた改良が行わる。
- The purpose of the bow shifted from everyday hunting tool to an assassination weapon, and many adjustments were made to shoot with more strength and longer distance.
- そのため厚生労働省や各保健所などからは飲食店や一般に対して「鶏肉は充分な加熱処理を施す調理が必要」との警告が出されている。
- As such, authorities such as the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and healthcare centers give warning to restaurants and the public that 'chicken meat needs to undergo sufficient heat treatment in cooking.'
- それに対し黒田は、文献に現れる顕密(当時は一切の仏教を表現する用語)という言葉を用語化して顕密体制論という学説を提唱した。
- As an alternative, however, KURODA proposed the 'kenmitsu taisei' theory built on the term 'kenmitsu' (then, it referred to Buddhism as a whole) found in historical documents.
- 僧・尼及び国家より度牒を受けた沙弥・沙弥尼を対象とする法令である(仏教そのものを統制した法令ではないことに注意を要する)。
- It was a law applicable to priests and nuns as well as the shami (novice priests) and the shamini (novice nuns) who were officially certified by the state (Note that it did not govern Buddhism itself).
- 二条城が、純粋な書院造の大成をめざしたのに対し、桂離宮の書院は、純粋の書院造りではなく、数寄屋構えをめざしたと考えられる。
- While the Nijo-jo Castle aimed at the completion of pure Shoin-zukuri, the Shoin in the Katsura Imperial Villa was considered to aim at Sukiya-gamae (also called 'sukiya-zukuri' (building in the style of a tea-ceremony house)) instead of pure Shoin-zukuri.
- この掛帯も鎌倉時代のそれが小腰の形式のままであったのに対し、近世のものは幅が広く、着用者の身分により異なる刺繍をくわえた。
- While this kakeobi of the Kamakura period was the same form as that of kogoshi, modern kakeobi was wider and had different embroideries depending on the rank of the wearer.
- これは、他方ではCDのシングルが8cmから12cm(マキシングル)に移行し、時間的な余裕が大きくなったことにも対応している。
- This is also adapted to the fact that the size of a single CD increased from 8 cm to 12 cm (maxi single) allowing more temporal capacity.
- この時代、朱熹の理気二元論に対し異論が唱えられるようになり、気の位置づけが高められ、理を気の運行の条理とする主張がなされた。
- During this period, there were objections towards Li and Qi dualism of Chu His, and the position of Qi was heightened and Li was considered the reason for the operation of Qi.
- 以降も、町人文化に対応した三千家とは対照的に、西本願寺に加えて武家との交わりを重ねて華美を戒め古儀に徹しながら幕末を迎える。
- In contrast with the Sansenke, which went along with merchant culture, the Yabunouchi-ryu remained close to samurai families, as well as Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and focused on avoiding pomp and maintaining ancient rites to the end of Edo Period.
- 特にパルティアンショットは敵と相対せず退却しながら矢を射続けるため、敵を苦しめヨーロッパ人の間では知られた騎射戦術であった。
- Especially, the Parthian shot was a well known technique of shooting bows in Europe, and was where bows continued to be shot at enemies when leaving, without facing them to give them hard time.
- また、対象に深く突き刺さるわけではないため殺傷力が不十分なこともあり、刃に毒物を塗布することでその欠点を補完することがある。
- Additionally, since it does not pierce deep into the target, it is not effective enough in killing or wounding an enemy, but sometimes such weakness is offset by applying poison to the blade.
- が、顕如の時代に織田信長と対立、「石山合戦」と呼ばれる前後十年(途中の休戦を挟む)に及ぶ泥沼の戦争を経て、石山から退去した。
- However, during Kennyo's time, it became mired in war, (known as the 'Ishiyama War'), for ten years (including a ceasefire) and withdrew from Ishiyama.
- 弘安7年(至元21年、1284年)には対馬まで辿り着くが、日本行きを拒む船員等の騒乱によって正使王積翁が殺害され中止された。
- In his second attempt in 1284, he managed to arrive at Tsushima, but the mission ended there because Osetsuo, the chief officer of the mission, was killed in a disturbance caused by sailors who refused to go to Japan.
- これに対して蓮悟や蓮慶は蓮如・実如が定めた一門衆の指導への服従を定めた規則に反するとして超勝寺の討伐のための一揆を起こした。
- In response, Rengo and Renkei staged a revolt to put down the Chosho-ji Temple, insisting that this was against the rules on the clansmen's conformity to the teachings established by Rennyo and Jitsunyo.
- この理論により、戦後見られた鎌倉新仏教を中世仏教の代表と見なす見解に対し、旧仏教が中世仏教の本流であるという認識が生まれた。
- This theory provided a springboard for a shift in views from the belief that medieval Buddhism in Japan was represented by Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period), the view prevailing after WWII, to the belief that old Buddhism was the mainstream of medieval Buddhism.
- また、特別賞となっている「京炎 そでふれ!賞」は、チームの半数以上のメンバーが四竹を持っていることを審査する対象としている。
- To qualify for the 'Kyoen Sodefure! Award', at least half the members of the group need to be playing the Yotsutake (a set of clappers made of bamboo).
- 古代以来の日本人の白に対する神聖性とは別に、仏教伝来と共に対局の金色燦然とした「荘厳」といわれる飾りの聖性を獲得していった。
- In addition to the holiness toward white which Japanese have been felt since ancient times, another holiness of the decorations called the 'solemnity' symbolized by brilliant gold, which was the exact opposite of white, has also been promoted with the introduction of Buddhism.
- とされ、漢代には12人のチームが対抗して鞠を争奪し「球門」に入れた数を競う遊戯として確立し、宮廷内で大規模な競技が行われた。
- In Han Dynasty, it was established as a competing game in which 2 teams of 12 people were striking the shuttlecock in order to kick it into the 'kyumon (goal),' and large-scale games were held in the Court.
- また、「凶のおみくじを利き腕と反対の手で結べば、困難な行いを達成つまり修行をしたことになり、凶が吉に転じる」という説もある。
- Furthermore, there is also a theory that if you tie a 'kyo' (bad luck) mikuji with the opposite hand to your better hand, then by achieving or performing such a difficult action you can turn bad luck to good.
- また、調理法として酢漬けや糠漬けなどの漬物を短時間で引き上げたものを浅漬けと言う場合もある(この場合、対義語は「古漬け」)。
- Also, a recipe for removing vegetables in vinegar or rice bran in a short time may be called asazuke (in this case, the opposite is 'furuzuke' (long-term pickle)).
- また、人々は家の鬼門の方角にモモの木を植えたり、鬼門とは反対の方角が申であることから、サルの像を鬼門避けとして祀ったりした。
- Furthermore, a peach tree was planted in the direction of the kimon or a monkey statue consecrated there as Kimon-sake (to guard against the kimon), since the opposite direction of the kimon is the Monkey (in Japanese 'saru' which is a homonym for the Japanese word 'expel').
- 中学生は地域により大きなばらつきがあり、栃木、愛知、鹿児島各地連の登録者が2千人近くに対し、登録者なしから数十人の地連も多い。
- Junior high school students varied widely depending on the region, with local federation registrants of Tochigi, Aichi and Kagoshima numbering close to 2,000, while many local federations had figures ranging from none up to a few dozen.
- 海軍では炊事を専門の者が行ったため、カレーライスの作り方を覚えた兵はごく一部だったのに対し、陸軍ではほぼ全員が炊事を経験した。
- In the Navy, kitchen work had been done by appointed personnel, thus limiting the soldiers who learned how to cook curry and rice, whereas at Army nearly all personnel experienced kitchen work.
- 芸術の分野でも、法隆寺や唐招提寺の建築には中国などの影響が強く見られたのに対して、宇治平等院では日本人好みの表現になっている。
- In the field of art, the architecture of Horyu-ji Temple and Toshodai-ji Temple was largely influenced by China, but, the Uji-byodoin Temple was constructed as preferred by Japanese people.
- 合気道における「合気」が主に理念的な意味で用いられるのに対し、「呼吸力」は主に「技法の源になる力」という意味合いで用いられる。
- While 'aiki' in aikido is mainly used in the sense of a principle, 'breath power' is mainly used to mean 'a source of power for techniques.'
- 1665年(寛文5年)には日蓮宗のうち強硬派である不受不施派が禁制となったことにより、他宗派に改宗させる宗門改の対象となった。
- As the Fujufuse (Not Receive and Not Give (from and to people other than those belonging to the Nichiren Sect)) School, a fundamentalist faction of the Nichiren Sect, was banned in 1665, people affiliated with the faction became targets of shumon aratame, which aimed at converting heretics to other Buddhist sects.
- 皺紋を特徴とする泰平紙に対して、海藻を漉き込んで独特の紋様をつけた、ふすま障子一枚の大きさのいわゆる三六判の紙を楽水紙という。
- As opposed to the taihei-shi characterized by wrinkle patterns, so-called sanroku-ban paper applied patterns by putting seaweed during the arrangement of the material fibers, which is as large as one sheet of fusuma-shoji, is called rakusui-shi.
- 一方、関東地方では、六尺を一間とするため、畳の長手が五尺八寸短手が二尺九寸で、畿内地方の「京間」に対して「田舎間」と称された。
- On the other hand, in the Kanto Region, because 1.818 m was defined as 1 ken (about 1.8 m), the longer side of tatami was 1.757 m and the shorter size was 87.87 cm, which was called 'inaka-ma' (literally means 'the room of the countryside') as opposed to 'kyo-ma' (literally means 'the room of Kyoto') in the Kinai Region.
- 狩野永徳は、時代の変革に柔軟に対応して、時の権力者に巧みに取り入り、これらの障壁画のほとんどを狩野永徳とその一門で描いている。
- Eitoku KANO flexibly corresponded to the changes of the times and gained the favor of persons in power during that period, and as a result, almost all these paintings on partitions were painted by him and his pupils.
- これは、江戸が勘平の見た目の美しさを強調するに対し、上方は勘平はあくまで猟師としてであり、死に臨んで武士に戻るという理屈である。
- This is because in contrast to Edo, which emphasized beauty in the appearance of Kanpei, Kamigata has a logic that Kanpei remains as a hunter and returns to a samurai just before his death.
- 三千家合作の三幅対として有名な土佐光孚筆の絵のうち、表千家・了々斎(宝珠)、裏千家・認得斎(小槌)の2作の賛を得て、表装を行う。
- Among the paintings by Mitsuzane TOSA whose triad of collaboration with the three Houses of Sen are well known, he obtained legends to the two of them by Omote Senke Ryoryosai (sacred gem) and Urasenke Nintokusai (a mallet), and mounted them.
- これは楽家の収入が石高制であり、幕府や諸藩と同様に飢饉や物価上昇のあおりを受けて困窮したことに対する打開策と考えることができる。
- It can be considered that this was a measure against the poverty of gakuke caused by the influences of famines and price increases similarly to bakufu and the clans because of the income of gakuke being based on the koku system.
- これは日本の温泉が、流入した西洋医学の崇拝が妨げとなって、しばらく温泉療法が民間療法と見做されて研究が遅れたのとは対称的である。
- In Japan, by contrast, spa therapy had been deemed as folk therapy for a while because of the adoration for the newly imported western medicine and spa research was delayed.
- これに対して、木版画は版画であるために、同じ絵柄のものを多く刷り上げることができ安価で、江戸時代の一般大衆もたやすく求められた。
- Contrastingly, the woodblock print benefited from the fact that as a print, the same picture could be inexpensively printed off many times, so even the general public of the Edo period was easily able to obtain such works.
- すなわち師に対して帰依しその教義を受け継いでいくという姿が、家元に入門して秘技相伝を受けるという形式の原型となったと考えられる。
- More specifically, becoming an iemoto disciple and passing on secret techniques is thought to be based on the pattern of becoming a follower of a Buddhist priest and transmitting the teachings.
- 語源は、もともと邦楽において楽器の奏法、技法、パートなどを「手」と呼び、「歌」に対し、「手」のみで演じられる「事」から来ている。
- The word 'tegoto' is derived from the 'act' ('koto' in Japanese) of performing using only 'hands' ('te' in Japanese), which originally referred to a manner of performance, technique, or part by an instrument in traditional Japanese music.
- 当時盛平は大日本武徳会から総合武術部門設立についての協力要請を受けたが、これに対し皇武館道場の「総務」であった平井稔を推薦した。
- Morihei, at that time, was asked by Dai Nippon Butoku-kai to cooperate in the establishment of a comprehensive martial arts department, and in response he referred Minoru HIRAI, who was a 'general director' at the Kobukan dojo.
- ダイダラボッチは「大人(おおひと)」を意味する「大太郎」に法師を付加した「大太郎法師」で、一寸法師の反対の意味であるとしている。
- He stated in the book that Daidarabocchi comes from 'Daitarohoshi,' which is the combination of 'Daitaro' (ohito or a giant) and hoshi (man), and Daidarabocchi is the counterpart of Issunboshi (The Inch-High Samurai).
- お笑いタレントの劇団ひとりは現在の芸名の前にカツカレーの名で活動していたが、事務所の人間の反対を受け、2週間のみの活動となった。
- Gekidan Hitori, a popular comedian, once called himself 'katsu-curry' at the beginning of his talent activities before he began to use his current name, but it lasted only for two weeks due to a strong oppsition from the people in his office.
- 第2回京都学生祭典~冬の陣~にて、食中毒事件が発生した教訓から、食物を扱う同企画では食中毒対策に特に力が入れられるようになった。
- Following a case of food poisoning during the socond Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa - Winter Battle -, there has been more focus on preventing food poisoning during the 'ennichi'.
- なお、当時からこう呼ばれていたわけではなく、平安時代以降平安京を中心に栄えた「平安二宗」(天台宗・真言宗)に対する呼び名である。
- In addition, in those days people had not called them 'Nanto Rokushu,' it was later used for distinguishing from 'Heian Nishu' (the Tendai sect and the Shingon sect) which flourished mainly in Heian-kyo (the capital of Japan in the Heian period) after the Heian period.
- 鎌倉幕府に対して挙兵し、伯耆国船上山にいた後醍醐天皇に招かれて天皇からの諮問に答え、国済国師の号と天長雲樹興聖禅寺の額を賜った。
- He raised an army against Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and was invited by Emperor Godaigo in Mt. Senjozan in Hoki Province where he provided advice to the emperor in response to the question, and conferred on the title Kokusai Kokushi and the Imperial prayer 'Tencho Unju Kosei Zenji.'
- (黄鐘調、平調、盤渉調は対応する洋音階の自然短音階と比べてラに相当する音が半音高い(ドリア旋法と同様)、高麗平調は洋音階と同じ)
- (The note of La in the Oshikicho, Hyojo and Banshikicho tone is half a tone higher than the equivalent natural-minor scale of the Western musical scale (equivalent to the Dorian mode); the note of the Koma-hyojo tone is the same as the Western musical scale.)
- しかし、最近では前年の4月2日からその年の4月1日に成人する人を式典参加の対象にする、いわゆる学齢方式が定着するようになっている。
- However, the school age method has taken root recently, in which people whose birthdays range from April 2 of the previous year to April 1 of the year are subject to participation in the ceremony.
- また、それまで主に口承に拠る稽古が主な伝承であったのに対し、楽譜(五線譜、および弦名譜=タブラチュア譜の一種)の普及にもつとめた。
- Further, he also strived to spread musical scores (music in five-line staff notation and genmeifu - a kind of taburachua music) since Soh music had been handed down orally.
- 通常の造りは15℃前後に熱を抑えるのに対し、さらに有機酸への影響を多く考えなくてはならない吟醸系の場合は10℃前後が目安とされる。
- While the heat is suppressed around fifteen degrees centigrade for usual tsukuri, it is said that around ten degrees centigrade is the target for the ginjo system in which influence on organic acids must be taken into consideration.
- また幕の内弁当が本膳料理の流れを汲むものであるのに対し松花堂弁当は懐石料理(茶料理)の流れを汲むものであって、系譜は大きく異なる。
- Their origins are very much different: while the Makunouchi-bento was developed from Honzen ryori (full-course haute cuisine), the Shokado-bento arose out of Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony dishes).
- 通常の醤油は、アレルギー源となる事で知られる大豆あるいはコムギを原料として使用しており、これらに対してアレルギーを起こす事がある。
- General soy sauce is made from soybean or wheat known as allergens, and they may cause an allergy.
- しかし、豊臣秀吉が天下を統一するころから徐々に切腹に対する意識が変わったと思われ、豊臣秀次、千利休らは刑罰として切腹を命じられた。
- However, it is thought that the significance of seppuku gradually changed after Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI united the nation, with individuals such as Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI and SEN no Rikyu being ordered to commit seppuku as a form of punishment.
- そして、親鸞は、人間とは因縁によって悪も善も行う者であるため、善行に励み悪を捨てよとも、その反対に悪に励めとも言わなかったとする。
- He explained that Shinran had never told people should do good things and throw away bad things, nor told people should do bad things, since people did both good and bad things due to each person's innen (destiny).
- これに対して禅宗を中心として仏教との関連性を保ちながらも自由な発想と解釈のもとで自己の内面世界を水墨画などに描き出す僧侶が現れた。
- At the same time, monks who made ink-wash paintings emerged; they were mainly from the Zen sect, and while still maintaining their relationship with Buddhism, they freely depicted their own inner world using their own style of artistic interpretation.
- 一般に葬儀社の売上に対する粗利益は40%~60%ぐらい、純利益は一桁パーセント程度なので紹介業者を仲介するとほとんど利益が出ない。
- Generally, the gross profit on the sales amount of a funeral home is approximately 40-60% and the net profit is in the single-digit percent, which makes the profit almost nothing if a middleman is involved.
- 長さは時代により異なり、襖に対して八段貼り、六段貼りと徐々に大きくなり、明治16年(1883年)頃で四段貼りで、一尺六寸であった。
- The length varied depending upon historical age, and it had become longer ranging from eight-rank papering, six-rank papering to four-rank papering (about 0.49 m) around 1883.
- まず、料亭側は、急激な時代の流れそのものに対応できなかった事と、気位(プライド)の高さからなかなか大衆化できないことが上げられる。
- First of all, it is thought that the ryotei side could not respond fast enough to the drastic flow of the era; they could not lower their pride by popularizing their food menu.
- 大学・経済界・行政の長、計12名(以下に記載)によって構成されており、京都学生祭典事業に対する最終的な議決・承認機関となっている。
- The Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa Organizing Committee consists of 12 individuals who are the heads of universities, business and government sectors (as stated below) and works to make a final resolution or approval for the Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa related matters.
- しかし源流は、幕の内弁当が本膳料理の流れを汲むものであるのに対し、松花堂弁当は懐石料理の流れを汲むものであり、歴史は大きく異なる。
- However, the history of Shokado and Makunouchi boxed meals differ substantially: Makunouchi bento has its origin in honzen ryori (formally arranged dinner), while Shokado bento has its origin in Kaiseski tea ceremony dishes.
- 更に、首都圏の113家庭を対象とした調査では、2004年頃から正月だからといって殊更御節料理にとらわれない人も現れているようである。
- Additionally, according to a survey conducted on 113 households in the metropolitan area, it seems that, starting around 2004, there have been people who don't eat osechi dishes during the New Year's holidays.
- 明治15年に、「三千家合作の三幅対」のうち未完であった「天秤計り」に武者小路千家・一指斎の賛を頂戴し、発起より60年後に完成させる。
- In 1883, Mushanokoji Senke Isshisai wrote a legend to the incomplete drawing called 'a pair of scales' among the 'triad of collaboration of three Houses of Sen,' and the triad was completed sixty years after the project was commenced.
- そのため、濃口醤油の品質に対する要求が厳しくなった結果、香りが高く、淡色かつ赤い色合いで、癖のない軽い風合いが好まれるようになった。
- This enhanced the requirement for the quality of koikuchi soy-sauce, thus, soy-sauce with light reddish color with excellent flavor and light texture became popular.
- モンゴル族はさらに『ストリングブリッジ』を設けるなど、より速く、貫通力を上げることで、重装騎兵団に対しより有効な戦力となって行った。
- The Mongolians even added a 'string bridge' to make a faster and stronger bow, in order to have a stronger weapon to fight heavily armed troops.
- 宗祖日蓮以降、本仏の位置付けや、所依の妙法蓮華経に対し勝劣の別を設けるかどうかなどの点から、思想面では大別して3つの分派が成立した。
- After the death of the founder Nichiren, the differences of the thoughts about honbutsu (the true Buddha) and of the thoughts about the relative merit of the early part and the latter part of 'Myohorenge-kyo' made branch groups which is roughly divided into three schools.
- 更に平安時代中期以後、仏教関連の専門の工匠も僧籍に入る習慣が生まれ、宮廷あるいは一般を対象とした工匠との区別が図られるようになった。
- Furthermore, after the mid Heian period, it became common practice that artisans specialized in Buddhist subjects were ordained as monks and entered on the register of a Buddhist sect; they were thus distinguished from general artisans or those working for the Imperial court.
- 出世間(しゅっせけん)とは、煩悩などのけがれに汚染された、この世界のすべての存在を世間というのに対し、それを超越しているものをさす。
- 'Shusseken' means something transcends 'Seken,' which refers to all the existence of the world corrupted by evils such as earthly desires.
- 門弟に対しては「学問は心と身を善に移す外無之候」という自筆の書付を手渡し、学問とは人の道を歩み実践するためのものであることを説いた。
- He tried to instill in his pupils that the purpose of study is to practice moral principles, by, for example, giving his hand-written memo that says, 'The purpose of study is nothing but to make one's spirit and deeds good.'
- なお諍論の前期において、最澄が『照権実鏡』で徳一の『仏性抄』を批判したのに対し、徳一の『中辺義鏡』では最澄の反論に全く答えていない。
- In the early stages of the dispute, Saicho criticized 'Bushosho' by Tokuitsu in 'Shogon-jikkyo,' but Tokuitsu did not answer at all to Saicho's critique in 'Chuhen gikyo.'
- 理に対する気の優位性が高まるなか、気によって形作られるとされる日常的な心の動き(情)や人間の欲望(人欲)が肯定されるようになっていく。
- While Qi became more superior to law, daily movements of the mind (emotion) and human desire, which were thought to be formed by Qi began to be accepted.
- 近年では、1996年にヘヴィメタルバンドのSEX MACHINEGUNSが、愛媛みかんに対する感情を『みかんのうた』として歌い上げた。
- In recent years, a heavy metal band, Sex Machineguns sung out their feelings on Ehime mikan titled as 'The song of mikan' in 1996.
- 食品素材に対して上からかけたり、少量を浸す「つけ・かけ」用途の他、煮物の味付けにしたり、汁やたれの味の基調にしたりと、利用範囲が広い。
- Soy-sauce has a wide range of uses; putting it over food, dip a small portion of food in it, season food with it while stewing the food, making a soup or sauce from it.
- しかし乱取が競技化したことにより (組み付いた状態での) 投げ技と寝技の乱取稽古に特化し、当身技や対武器の技術は形稽古のみで行われた。
- However, the style of randori (freestyle practice) was incorporated into the competition of judo, and judo became specialized in randori of throwing and ground grappling techniques (in a physical contact), while body-striking and counter-weapon techniques were used only in kata geiko (practice of 'kata' [pre-arranged forms of offense and defense]).
- 主にソメイヨシノを観測対象としている(北海道地方の北部及び東部は、エゾヤマザクラまたはチシマザクラ、沖縄・奄美地方は、カンヒザクラ)。
- Someiyoshino is the main monitoring subject (whereas, Sargent or Chishima cherry in the northern and eastern Hokkaido, Kanhizakura in the Okinawa and Amami regions).
- これに対して最下位当選者に1票差で落選した候補者が「自分の苗字(オカダ)の書き間違いだ」として同町の選挙管理委員会に異議を申し立てた。
- In response to this, a candidate who lost by one vote said, 'It was a misspelling of my family name (Okada)' and filed a claim to the local election administration commission.
- 頭が下がったときに、反対の掌で頭部を押さえ、回した腕をそのまま下、後ろ、上と動かし、腕を垂直に立て、肩関節を極めて、前方に崩し投げる。
- When the head is down, hold the head with the other palm; move the rotated arm down, back and up, lift the arm vertically and, fixing the shoulder joint, throw forward.
- 明治時代に日本に導入された油絵を「洋画」と呼ぶのに対して、油彩に依らず、それまでの日本の伝統的な技法や様式の上に育てられた絵画を指す。
- While oil painting, which was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, is called Yo-ga (foreign style painting), Nihon-ga refers to paintings which utilize traditional Japanese techniques and styles and rather than being reliant on oil paint.
- スキタイ人は上下がやや非対称の短弓の両端に硬い『弭』を取り付け、また鏃を大きな鉄製から小さなブロンズ製にする事で、フン族の弓に勝った。
- The Scythians were able to win a battle against the Huns by putting a solid 'nock' on the two ends of the short bow of which the top and bottom were asymmetric, and they changed arrowhead from iron to small bronze arrowheads.
- だが、5年後に再び松岡寺に復帰すると隣国越中国一向一揆を指導していた弟蓮悟や吉崎に残っていた同じく弟の蓮誓と連携して富樫氏と対抗した。
- But when he returned to Shoko-ji Temple five years later, he opposed the Togashi clan in cooperation with his young brothers Rengo, who had led Ikko sect's revolt in neighboring Etchu Province, and Rensei, who had stayed in Yoshizaki.
- ただし、これらの意見に対しては反論もなされており、一念三千は十如是から派生した教理であり、意訳、もしくはドグマから始まったものである。
- However, some argue against this view that the ichinen sanzen was a doctrine derived from the junyoze, and was originated from free translation or dogma.
- 追い詰められた真宗側は、天明8年(1788年)には上洛の帰途箱根山を通過した老中松平定信に対して浅草本願寺の僧が直訴する騒ぎとなった。
- The Jodo Shinshu sect was thus driven into a difficult situation, and monks from Asakusa Hongan-ji Temple eventually made a direct appeal to the senior counselor Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, who had just passed Mt. Hakone on his way back from Kyoto to Edo in 1788.
- 他の観音が女性的で穏やかな表情で表わされるのに対し、馬頭観音のみは目尻を吊り上げ、怒髪天を衝き、牙を剥き出した忿怒(ふんぬ)相である。
- While other Kannons are represented with a feminine and serene expression, only Bato Kannon has a fierce expression with fury in its eyes, boiling with rage, and showing fangs.
- それに対し、『法華経』方便品で「要当説真実」(かならずまさに真実を説く)と述べたとおり、法華経こそが実際真実の教え、つまり実教である。
- Opposing to that, like seen in Hobenbon of 'Hokekyo' that '要当説真実' (the truth will be surely be preached), Hokekyo is the actual teaching of the truth, or Jitsukyo.
- このため、良い身なりをしていながらゴロツキのような行為をする者に対して「羽織ゴロ」という言葉が使われた(内田魯庵「社会百面相」など)。
- Therefore, for a person who was dressed up well but behaved like hoodlum, the term 'Haori Goro' (Haori coat hoodlum) was used ('Shakai Hyakumenso' (100 Social Facets) by Roan UCHIDA and so on)
- これは、巻物の紙面の下半分には釈迦の前世と成仏について述べた経典の本文を書写し、上半分には経典の内容に対応する絵画を描いたものである。
- Each scroll of them has a space divided into two parts, with the lower part having text copies of Buddhist sutra descriptions about Shakyamuni's previous life and his enlightenment as Buddha, and the upper part having pictures corresponding to the descriptions below them.
- 江戸歌舞伎とともに歌舞伎の両輪をなし、江戸歌舞伎が荒事と言う勇壮な芸を作り出したのに対し、和事とよばれる柔らか味のある芸を形成している。
- Together with Edo Kabuki, Kansai Kabuki is one of the two main schools of Kabuki, and in contrast to Edo Kabuki, which created valiant performances called aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup and costume), formed gentle and tender performances called wagoto (the production style of a love scene).
- さらに、うどんが温かさを保つために太くなっているのに対し、ひやむぎは、より冷たい状態で食べるため次第に細くなっていった という説がある。
- Furthermore, there is a theory stating that while udon noodles are thick in order to retain heat, hiyamugi noodles gradually became thin because they are eaten at cooler temperature.
- そのようにして製法が改良された煎茶は完成品の茶葉も青く(緑)仕上がり、それまでのもの(「黒製」ともよばれる)に対して「青製」と呼ばれた。
- Such sencha made using a revised method was created with green leaves and was called 'blue made' to distinguish it from previous ones (called 'black made').
- また、従来の「聖浄」への偏りに対して、「不浄」の観念とその「清め・祓い・贖い」の儀式の重要性を主張する波平のフォークモデル、などがある。
- There is also the folk model of Namihira, who asserts the importance of the concept of 'impurity' and the rituals for its 'purification, cleansing and atonement,' in contrast to a bias toward the traditional concept of 'sacred and pure.'
- 江戸時代には加賀藩が大々的に製菓事業に対して奨励策を取った事から、金沢市では落雁の技術が進化しており、長生殿はこうした成果の一つである。
- In the Edo period, the Kaga Clan implemented extensive incentive measures for the confectionery business in its domain whereby, as a result, manufacturing techniques for rakugan has much progressed in Kanazawa City, and Choseiden (celebrated rakugan presently made in Kanazawa City) is one of the achievements of the time.
- これに対して新政府は明治5年(1872年)になって浄土宗の手前「浄土真宗」は認めないが、略称の「真宗」であれば認めるとする見解を出した。
- In response, in 1872, the Meiji government answered that, taking the Jodoshu sect into account, they would not allow the Jodo Shinshu sect to use the name 'Jodo Shinshu' but would allow them to use the abbreviation 'Shinshu.'
- 寺請証文(てらうけしょうもん)は、江戸時代の寺請制度において、寺院が檀家に対して自己の檀家であることを証明するために発行した文書のこと。
- Terauke shomon was a certificate issued by Buddhist temples to danka (supporter of a Buddhist temple) in order to prove that they were actually the danka of the relevant temple under the Terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in any one of the designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) in Edo period.
- 例えばその寺院の全構成員を集める満寺集会(まんじしゅうえ)に対して寺院を構成する個別の院家や身分階層ごとに構成される集会などが存在した。
- For example, there existed the shue by each Inge (a branch temple to support services of the main temple) which consisted of the temples or the shue by each status hierarchy, which were contrary to manji shue (all number temples' gathering) which gathered all the members of the temples.
- 平安の女性的貴族文化の時代から、中世の男性的武士社会にはいって、厚用の雁皮紙(がんぴし)が多くなり、薄様に対してこれを鳥の子紙と呼んだ。
- As the age of feminine culture of the nobility in the Heian period changed to the age of masculine society of the samurai class in the medieval times, more atsu-yo of ganpishi came to be used, called torinoko paper as opposed to usu-yo.
- As the age of feminine culture of the nobility during the Heian period changed to the age of the masculine society of the samurai class in the medieval times, more atsu-yo of ganpishi came to be used, called torinoko paper as opposed to usu-yo.
- 対面の儀式は、階層社会である武家にとっては、最も重要な儀式で、武家の格式や威厳を誇示するもので、主家に対する忠誠を誓う儀式の場でもある。
- The ceremony of seeing the Emperor was the most important ceremony for a samurai family to demonstrate its status or power, and was a ceremonial place to swear loyalty to the master's house.
- 角柱を使い、長押(なげし)を打ち、壁や襖障子に極彩色の金碧障壁画を描く書院造りは、対面儀式にはふさわしいが、日常の生活にはやや堅苦しい。
- The Shoin-zukuri room which used kakubashira, nageshi, and richly colored kinpeki shohekiga (a large painting on a wall, screen or sliding door where strong, bright, mineral pigments such as ultramarine, malachite, and red ocher were applied over gold backgrounds with gold foil and gold paint) on the wall and Fusuma-shoji were suitable for ceremonies to see a guest, but a little too stiff for daily life.
- 緯書は六経に孝経を足した七経に対して七緯が整理され、予言書である讖書や図讖(としん)と合わせて讖緯といい、前漢末から後漢にかけて流行した。
- Isho was prepared as shichi-i, corresponding to the shichi-kei, which added the Book of Filial Piety to Rikkei, and along with its prophecies, shin-sho (prophecy) and Toshin (prediction, prophecy), it was called Shini, and became popular from the end of former Han to later Han.
- また道学の「聖人、学んでいたるべし」に対し、人は本来的に聖人であるとする「満街聖人」(街中の人が聖人)という新たな聖人儒教観をもたらした。
- Additionally, whereas the Do school taught 'one shall become a saint through learning,' they introduced a new concept of saints in Ju-kyo called 'mangai seijin' (all the people in the town are saints), meaning people are fundamentally saints.
- しかし多くの曲ではこれらの要素が入り交じり、また部分的に描写的であったり、絶対音楽的であったりして変化が大きく、それが魅力ともなっている。
- However, many pieces have a mixture of these factors and thus consist of a wide variety of parts (for example, some parts are descriptive and some parts are absolute music), which is also a feature that makes these pieces attractive.
- 曳き山の山車と舁き山の太鼓台との大きく異なる点は、曳き山が引くという形式であるのに対して、舁き山は神輿と同様に担いて運行されることである。
- The large difference between the hikiyama and the kakiyama is that while the former is pulled, the latter is carried as well as the mikoshi.
- 江戸時代の後期になると、国学が盛んになるなどの社会の動きに対応して、仏教と 神道が結びついた神仏習合に批判的な意見が見られるようになった。
- During the late Edo period, in line with social movements such as rising of kokugaku (study of Japanese literature and culture), critical views against shinbutsushugo (syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism) in which Buddhism and Shintoism were united came up.
- これに対して蓮悟や蓮慶(蓮綱の嫡子)は蓮如・実如が定めた一門衆の指導への服従を定めた規則に反するとして超勝寺の討伐のための一揆を起こした。
- In response to this, Rengo and Renkei (Renko's legitimate child) staged an uprising for putting down the Chosho-ji Temple for the reason that Jikken's order violated the rules established by Rennyo and Jitsunyo under which obedience of Ichimonshu (clansman) to instructions was provided.
- 色目も山科家調進が白い亀甲文綾に限ったのに対し、萌黄葵立涌文に紅平絹の裏をつけ、白い蜷結びの上には花結びで表現した松と鶴を縫い付けている。
- While irome (color combination or design) of hosonaga the Yamashina family ordered was limited to kikkomon, what Takakura family ordered was moegi aoidachi yumon with beni hiraginu line and the white ninamusubi knot were pine tree and cranes expressed with a stitched flower knot.
- シングルの場合、旧来のレコードからの伝統により、A面とB面に対応する二曲を含み、それらのカラオケバージョンをあわせて四曲を収録する形が多い。
- In the case of single CDs, two songs corresponding to sides A and B as with the old records are contained, and four tunes are often recorded along with karaoke versions of them.
- しかし、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は武徳会の自発的解散を認めず、11月9日武徳会に対し解散を命じ、武徳会に関係した官民約五千名が追放された。
- However, the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers did not accept the voluntary dissolution of Butoku Kai and instead ordered the dissolution of Butoku Kai on November 9, expelling around 5,000 people from the public and private sectors who were involved in Butoku Kai.
- - ご飯にカレーソースとハヤシライスソース、あるいはカレーソースと牛丼の具というふうに、カレーとほかのソース(具や汁)を一対一で掛けたもの。
- A curry sauce and another sauce (ingredients or a soup) with a ratio of one to one are poured over rice, combinations including a curry sauce and a sauce for hashed rice, and a curry sauce and ingredients for gyudon (rice covered with beef and vegetables).
- 「永遠なるもの」を追求し、そこに美を感じ取る西洋人の姿勢に対し、日本人の多くは移ろいゆくものにこそ美を感じる傾向を根強く持っているとされる。
- While Westerners sought beauty in 'eternal beings,' many Japanese have a strong tendency to seek beauty in transforming things.
- なお新鮮なニワトリの肉でもカンピロバクターに感染しているものが多く、またO-157などの病原性大腸菌対策としても充分な加熱処理が必要である。
- Since even fresh chicken meat is often infected with campylobacter, and as a measure against Escherichia coli bacteria such as o157, chicken meat must undergo sufficient heat treatment in cooking.
- だが、その実体がいまだ不明な尊勝院に対して、後年東大寺別当関連史料を豊富に皇室へ献上したことからも判明する通り、東南院のほうが優勢であった。
- However, comparing to Sonsho-in Temple with its substance still remaining unaccountable, Tonan-in Temple had an advantage as evidenced by copious amounts of historical materials related to Todai-ji Betto that the temple presented to the Imperial Court.
- 立涌紋は「たちわき」とも言い、公家装束に多く用いられ、相対した山形の曲線を縦に連ね、向き合った中央はふくれ、両端はすぼまった形の図案のこと。
- The tatsuwaku-mon, which is also called 'tachiwaki' and used often for dresses for a court noble, is a design in which a pair of symmetrical mountain-shaped curves line vertically and the distance between the pair of the curves is wide in the center and narrow at both ends.
- こうして、三曲合奏は日本の伝統音楽の中でも合奏音楽として重要な位置を占めており、明治以降、西洋音楽にももっとも早くから対応することにもなった。
- In this way, of all kinds of traditional Japanese music, sankyoku gasso came to occupy an important position as ensemble music, and it was able to catch up with Western music in and after the Meiji period sooner than any other music in Japan.
- 武智鉄二による『武智歌舞伎』が始まり、関西歌舞伎の若手役者を対象に、原作重視の演出中心のやり方で、沈滞化していた関西歌舞伎に新風を送り込んだ。
- 'Takechi Kabuki' was started by Tetsuji TAKECHI, who ushered in a new phase in Kansai Kabuki, which had stagnated, through his method of working with young Kansai Kabuki actors and concentrating on staging that emphasized the original work.
- 吟醸、大吟醸となると、削りこむ部分が大きいだけでなく、そのぶん対象物が小さくなって神経も使うので、精米に要する時間は丸二日を超えることもある。
- With respect to ginjo and daiginjo, the problem is that not only the portion to be scraped off is large, but also the object becomes smaller and requires special attention, the time needed for rice polishing sometimes exceeds two full days.
- これに対して各産地では生産調整、品質の向上、価格が高い早生や極早生への切り替え等で対応し、ウンシュウミカンの価格は傾向として一時的に上昇した。
- To cope with this crisis, each production area tried to adjust the yield, improve the quality, change crops to higher priced 'wase' early grown cultivar and the price of unshu mikan temporally increased.
- 同年11月、たまたま遊びに出かけていた京都で、本部はボクシング対柔道の興行試合に飛び入りで参戦し、相手のロシア人ボクサーを一撃のもとに倒した。
- In November 1922, during a leisurely visit to Kyoto, Motobu happened to notice a fight show between experts in judo and boxing and appeared in the show without prior application, and with one thrashing he defeated his challenger, as Russian boxer.
- 広義の「煎茶」とは、茶葉を揉まずに乾燥して粉末にした抹茶(てん茶)に対して、茶葉を湯に浸して(煮出して)成分を抽出する「煎じ茶」のことをいう。
- The 'sencha' in the broad sense means 'senji-cha' (tea for decoction) from which the tea is extracted by boiling it in hot water (decoction), in contrast to maccha (powdered green tea, also called tencha), which is made by powdering dried tea leaves without kneading.
- 加えて彼らの、作品に対する価値観は従前の芸術性や商業性ではなく、いわゆる「おたく」文化という共通のサブカルチャーによるものを背景に持っている。
- In addition, their values in regard to their works are backed up by their common subculture, which is generally called 'otaku' (geek) culture, instead of the traditional artistry and commercialism.
- また、政府も地球温暖化対策キャンペーンの一環として打ち水を奨励しているほか、全国各地のNPOや市町村などもこぞって打ち水を計画・実行している。
- The Japanese Government also recommends Uchimizu as a part of its campaign against global warming and municipal governments as well as NPOs around the nation are also planning or implementing Uchimizu.
- 馬頭観音(ばとうかんのん / めづかんのん)、サンスクリットハヤグリーヴァ (hayagriiva)は、仏教における信仰対象である菩薩の一尊。
- Bato Kannon (horse-headed Kannon, also called Mezu Kannon), hayagriiva in Sanskrit, is one shape of Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) worshipped in Buddhism.
- 日蓮正宗などでは、権実・本迹・種脱を三重秘伝と呼び、特に種脱相対をもって日蓮大聖人の出世の本懐・文底独一本門・事行の一念三千を明かしたとする。
- In the Nichiren Shoshu sect, Gonjitsu, Honjaku, and Shudatsu are called as the Sanju Hiden (three secrets), and is believed that Nichiren Daishonin (the Great Saint Nichiren) has accomplished his lifetime wish of revealing Ichinen sanzen, which was sunk under the words of Honmon, with Shudatsu sotai, especially.
- ところが名塩紙の場合は、泥土が混入されているために、湿気は泥土が吸収し、これを発散させるために、繊維に対する影響が少なく、耐久性に優れている。
- However, in case of Najio paper in which soil is contained, the fibers are less influenced by humidity because the soil absorbs and evaporates the moisture, and consequently it is a highly durable paper.
- 論争を通じて、日本における肖像画に対する多方面からの再検討が非常に活発化しており、この論争は日本の肖像画を改めて見直す重要な契機となっている。
- Throughout the controversy, portraits have actively been reexamined from various aspects in Japan, and this subject gave an important opportunity to review the portraits in Japan.
- 日本刀を鑑賞するときには、特にこの刀身に注目することが多く、刀を打つときにできた刃の様子を、刃紋、沸(にえ)、肌などと呼んで鑑賞の対象とする。
- When appreciating Japanese swords, the body of blade is especially paid attention to in most cases, and the appearance of the blade created when forging the sword is regarded as an object of art and named Hamon, Nie or Hada which is a pattern on the blade.
- 速水家が医者として名家であったこと、宗達の学者としての高い見識と茶の湯に対する学究的態度が評価されたこともあり、一燈の門人では随一の人とされる。
- Sotatsu was respected as a prominent disciple of Itto Soshitsu, because of his deep insight as a scholar and his academic approach to the tea ceremony, beside the pedigree of his Hayami family as distinguished doctors.
- 灰を入れて細菌の繁殖を抑えるのが「灰持酒」の名の由縁であり、対して一般的な清酒は江戸時代より加熱による殺菌を行ったことから「火持酒」と称される。
- Adding charcoal to control the reproduction of bacteria is the origin of the term akumochizake (which incorporates the character for charcoal) and in comparison the common sake brewed since the Edo Period was heated during manufacture in order to kill the bacteria and is therefore called 'Himochizake' (which incorporates the character for fire).
- 詩吟が、その吟詠(吟ずること)の対象とするのは、その歴史的経緯(下記参照)から主として漢詩であるが、和歌や俳句、新体詩を吟ずることも少なくない。
- Because of the historical reason (see below) the object on which shigin recites is chiefly Chinese poetry, but waka, haiku and new-style poetry are often recited.
- 文字通り間口が小さな店が多く、飴などに代表される小間物(細かい、小さい物の事を指す。反対の言葉として荒物がある)を扱う事からもこの様に呼ばれる。
- As the name implies, these are small stalls that sell candy and other small items (collectively known as 'komamono,' or 'tiny things; the opposite is 'aramono').
- 阿弥陀如来を、現実の外界に実在するものとして想定し、これに「頼る」あるいは「すがる」ことを「信」であると定義し、対象をとる二元的な「信」を説く。
- In this school, Amida Nyorai is assumed as actually existing in the real outside world, and 'faith' is defined as 'depending on' or 'relying on' Amida Nyorai; here, 'faith' has a target and is two-dimensional.
- また、草創期の零細新聞社は、社会的影響力をもって脅迫まがいの行為を働くこともあったことから、新聞記者に対して「羽織ヤクザ」という言葉も使われた。
- Moreover, small newspapers in the pioneer days had social influence and they occasionally acted aggressive, thus the word 'Haori coat yakuza' was used by the press reporters.
- 盆とは文字通り、本来は霊に対する供物を置く容器をも意味するため、供物を備え祀られる精霊の呼称となり、盂蘭盆と混同されて習合したともいう説もある。
- Bon' originally meant a container for offerings to souls of the departed, then also came to refer to the spirits themselves, becoming synonymous with Urabon.
- 利休七哲の一人に加えることもあるが、七哲は秀吉から台子の相伝を受けたのに対して、有楽斎は秀吉面前で利休から相伝を受けるという別格に遇されている。
- He is sometimes added to the seven disciples of Rikyu, but while the seven disciples were handed down the daisu (a display stand for tea ceremony utensils) by Hideyoshi, Urakusai was handed down by Rikyu directly in the presence of Hideyoshi, and this indicates that Urakusai was treated as special.
- これらは、金銀箔や野毛、砂子を撒き、花鳥などの下絵をあしらった料紙に連綿体で書かれた詞書と、それに対する絵を交互に配する独特の様式を生み出した。
- These emaki created their own style, alternating the arrangement of pictures and uninterrupted texts of relevant captions, on paper materials where flowers and birds were designed and foils, thin and long strip, and fine powder of gold and silver were used for decoration.
- 以上のように、鬼門は本来呪術的な意味を持つ言葉であるが、転じて「よくない結果が起こりやすい事柄」に対してこの言葉が用いられるようになっていった。
- As mentioned above, the word kimon originally had a magical meaning, but it came to be used as a word referring to 'something that is likely to have an unpleasant result.'
- 日本の音楽ではこれらのことを実現するための複雑な機構を求めるケースは少なく、あっても調弦変えや持ち替えなど、演奏者の奏法上の工夫で十分対応できた。
- Traditional Japanese music seldom required such complicated mechanisms for these purposes, and even if there was such a need the player could satisfy it sufficiently by making full use of his playing techniques, such as through a change of tuning or a change in which the instrument was held.
- 男女比はほぼ1対1で、高校生が約6万1千人(49%)、一般が約4万4千人(35%)、中学生が約1万1千人(9%)、大学生が約1万人(7%)である。
- The male-to-female ratio was roughly 1:1, with about 61,000 high school students (49%), about 44,000 from the general public (35%), about 11,000 junior high school students (9%) and about 10,000 college students (7%).
- しかし全国新酒鑑評会では過去に、色のついたまま出品されている酒は減点の対象としていた時代があり、それゆえ酒蔵では活性炭などで必死に色を抜いていた。
- With respect to the Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, in the past, there was a period in which sake submitted by leaving color of sake as it was, was subjected to deduction of points and, therefore, breweries tried their best to eliminate the color of sake using active charcoal, etc.
- この頃から京都では、下京にあった藪内家を下流と呼び、これに対して上京の三千家をひとまとめに上流と呼ぶ習慣があり、同流儀の三家として認識されていた。
- At around this time in Kyoto, there was a custom of referring to Yabunouchi family in Shimogyo as the Shimo School and the Sansenke in Kamigyo as the Kami School, and the three households were recognized as a single school.
- これらの要素は19世紀までの画家にとって前提であったローマン・グレコ様式(Roman-Greco art)の正反対、まさに対極にあるものであった。
- These elements were completely different from the Roman-Greco art which was the foundation for painters until the 19th century.
- またそれに合奏させるべく、「替手式箏曲(原曲の三味線と合奏するために作られた対旋律を持つ箏曲)」が作られ、非常に複雑精緻な音楽が作り出されていた。
- They also composed 'kaede shiki sokyoku' (koto music with accompanying melody composed to be played with an original shamisen music) to play to tegoto mono, thus extremely complicated and delicate music was produced.
- それに対し、関ヶ原の戦い、大坂の役での敗軍武将への処刑は全て斬首刑であるが、古田重然、細川興秋など、豊臣方与力と看做された者は切腹させられている。
- On the other hand, commanders of the armies defeated at the Battle of Sekigahara and the Siege of Osaka were all beheaded, whereas those deemed to be yoriki (police sergeants) of the Toyotomi faction including Shigenari FURUTA and Okiaki HOSOKAWA were forced to commit seppuku.
- そして、集会参加の有資格者が集会に出席することは法会への出席と並ぶ僧侶としての義務として考えられており、正当な理由の無い欠席は処罰の対象とされた。
- It was considered that it was a duty for the Buddhist priests who had been entitled to join shue to attend shue as well as attend hoe (Buddhist mass) and absence without due cause was punished.
- 侘(わび、侘びとも)とは、動詞「わぶ」の名詞形で、その意味は、形容詞「わびしい」から容易に理解されるように「立派な状態に対する劣った状態」となる。
- The meaning 'wabi,' the noun form of the verb 'wabu,' is better understood from its adjective form 'wabishii' (wretched); that is, it means 'an inferior state as opposite to splendor.'
- このため地歌以外の三味線音楽が歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃などの視覚的要素を伴う伴奏音楽として発展したのに対し、箏曲は劇場とは関係のない純音楽として発展した。
- As a result, while shamisen music other than jiuta developed as accompanying music for kabuki and ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) that involve visual elements, Soh music developed as purely music independently from theater arts.
- 昭和40年(1965年)に歌舞伎が重要無形文化財に総合指定され(対象は伝統歌舞伎保存会)、国立劇場が開場し、復活狂言の通し上演などの興行が成功する。
- In 1965, Kabuki received the overall designation as an important intangible cultural property, whose holder is the Organization for the Preservation of Kabuki, and National Theater opened, and moreover, performances, such as the whole play of revived Kyogen, went well.
- 裏面がこんがりと焼けてきたら、専用の大型のコテ(ヘラ)2本でひっくり返し反対側の面を焼く(ひっくり返す際、破れたり飛び散ったりしないよう注意する)。
- Grill one side until golden brown, turn it over using two large spatulas for the okonomiyaki and bake the other side (when turning it over, be careful not to break or scatter the dough).
- 飲食店で提供されるもつ鍋は一般的に、主に牛の白もつのみを入れるものが多いが、もつ鍋本来の意味からは、白もつのみではなく多種多様なもつ肉が対象になる。
- In Motsunabe served in restaurants, beef intestines are mostly used, but various kinds of offal can be used, considering the name of Motsunabe.
- 一般的に、明治時代に全く新しい柔道が現れて、古い柔術と対決して柔術側を打ち負かし、柔術が衰退していったと言う形で語られるが、これはやや不正確である。
- It is generally said that judo, which was freshly born in the Meiji period, confronted, defeated and drove off the old jujutsu, but this is a little inaccurate.
- また相手の側背面などの死角から相手に正対し、かつ自分の中心線上に相手を補足することにより、最小の力で相手の重心・体勢を容易にコントロールし導き崩す。
- Additionally, by facing the opponent from a blind spot such as the side or the back, and capturing the opponent along the line extending from one's center, the opponent's center of gravity and posture can be controlled and led to collapse with minimal force.
- これに対し『理趣経』では上記のように欲望を完全否定していないことから、「セックスを肯定する経典」などと色眼鏡的な見方でこの経典を語られることもある。
- On the other hand, because 'Rishu-kyo' is not entirely negative about desires as shown above, it is often looked on from a biased viewpoint such as 'sex-affirmative scriptures.'
- この返書が『風信帖』(1通目)で、『摩訶止観』の恵贈されたことに対する鄭重な返礼であり、比叡山には都合が悪くてお伺い出来ないという内容になっている。
- The reply to this letter was 'Fushinjo' (the first letter), which was a polite thank-you letter for giving him 'Makashikan,' but the letter also said he wouldn't be able to go to Mt. Hiei due to another commitment.
- また2004年度は関東地域限定であったが、2005年度からは全国で家庭での写真用の年賀状に対応できるように光沢紙の年賀葉書が売り出されるようになった。
- Despite being limited to the Kanto area in 2004, the New Year's lottery postcards made of photographic paper were released nationwide in 2005 so as to be adapted to the printing of photographic postcards at home.
- まだ手事ものの形式を保持している『千鳥の曲』に対して、それよりも後に作られた古今組各曲はより簡潔化し、手事もなく、ますます組歌に近いものとなっている。
- Contrary to 'Chidori no Kyoku' still retaining the form of tegotomono, other pieces of Kokin-gumi composed later are more simplified and includes no tegoto to be more like kumiuta.
- ちなみに広島県(尾三地区)では、鯉こくは好意を持っている相手に対して鯉の手料理を作って、好きな気持ちを伝えるという儀式があり、現在でも伝承されている。
- In Hiroshima Prefecture there is a rite to cook carp for a person one loves to communicate the affection, which has been handed down till today.
- 近年では金物屋が兼業で営むぐらいだが、和物(洋物の反対語)の刃物が世間一般で広く使われていた時代には、どの町でも人通りの多い商店街などでよく見られた。
- In recent years, hardware stores have taken it up as a side job, but in the days when Japanese (as opposed to Western) knives were commonly used, they were often seen in every town in busy shopping areas.
- また、公家や武家が過差の禁止や神仏興行のための新制を定めると、寺院側もこれに対応した新制を制定したほか、前述のように寺内法に基づく独自の新制を定めた。
- While samurai and the Imperial Court made shinsei to ban luxury and promote Buddhism and Shinto, temples set corresponding shinsei and also established their own shinsei based on Jiin-ho, as mentioned above.
- 1巻の中に「絵」と「詞」とが交互に現れる形式がもっとも多く、通常は「詞」が先に来て、その直後に、その「詞」に対応する「絵」が来る(まれに例外もある)。
- The most popular pattern of emakimono is an alternate appearance of 'e' (picture) and 'kotoba' (text or description), where the preceding 'kotoba' is immediately followed by a corresponding 'e' in ordinary cases (but with rare exceptional cases).
- 日本でも『竹取物語』に、月を眺めるかぐや姫を嫗が注意する場面があるため、中国から観月の風習が入る前はヨーロッパと似た考えを月に対して持っていたようだ。
- In Japan, 'The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter' has a scene in which the old woman warns Lady Kaguya about seeing the moon, which implies that they had an idea similar to that of Europe before the custom of moon viewing was introduced from China.
- 彼岸(ひがん)とは、煩悩を脱した悟りの境地のことで、煩悩や迷いに満ちたこの世をこちら側の岸「此岸」(しがん)と言うのに対して、向う側の岸「彼岸」という。
- The term 'higan' refers to enlightenment or escape from earthly desires, and refers to the 'other side' as opposed to the term 'shigan' (this side) which means this world filled with earthly desires and doubt.
- 元日を基準とするのでグレゴリオ暦の導入以前は、暦法により元日が新暦に対し異なるため、数え年の計算には注意が必要である(単純に西暦で計算してはいけない)。
- As the New Year's Day is the base date in the traditional Japanese age system, care is should be taken when calculating someone's age with this method because the New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar is different from that under the traditional Japanese calendar that had been used until the Gregorian calendar was introduced.
- また、1921年(1922年説もあり)に早稲田高等学院生の中西敬二郎らがソースかつ丼を考案し周辺の店に広まった、との説もある(これは前説とは対立する)。
- There is another account (which contradicts the foregoing) that in 1921 (or 1922 according to some) Keijiro NAKANISHI who was a student of the Waseda University Senior High School and others invented the sauce katsudon which then spread to restaurants around the School.
- 浄土真宗では、阿弥陀如来の本願(四十八願)により死者はすでに浄土に往生しているとされるので、「死者に対する回向」という概念がなく、礼拝の対象にもしない。
- Because the deceased are believed to have been already born in the Pure Land thanks to Amida Nyorai's primal vow (forty-eight vows) in Jodo Shinshu, the sect does not have the notion of eko (prayers for the repose of the soul) towards the deceased nor consider them to be objects of prayer.
- 高物(たかもの)は転びや三寸が地面で商売するのに対し、大掛かりに仮設建築として床を持つ小屋を作る(見世物小屋)舞台や床などがあるのでこのように呼ばれる。
- Takamono (literally 'high thing') are so called because, in contrast with korobi or sanzun selling on the ground, they were big makeshift buildings (theaters) with stages and floors.
- 長らく「ハレとケ」の二項図式を公理のようにみなした民俗構造の共時的な分析に傾斜し、もっぱら<「ハレ」の非日常=儀礼や祭り>に対して関心が寄せられていた。
- For a long time, it leaned toward the synchronic analysis of folklore structure that viewed the dichotomy of 'hare and ke' as an axiom, and there was an exclusive interest in the definition of 'hare' referring to non-ordinary events, which were rituals and festivals.
- それら諸芸の総称として、また、宮廷の芸能である雅楽に対するものとして、「一定の決まりのない不正規な音楽」の意で中国の隋代に「散楽」と名付けられたという。
- It is generally said that these arts were collectively named 'Sangaku' in the Sui era of China with the implication that these arts were, unlike gagaku, which was a court art, 'informal music with no fixed rules.'
- また折伏と摂受は正反対な手法とされるが、化導法(仏の教えを理解せしめていく上)では、どちらも切っても切れない不二の法門である、という指摘もなされている。
- Also, it is pointed out that, although shakubuku and shoju are said to be opposite techniques, both of them are absolutely inseparable Homon (dharma-gates) for the conversion to Buddhism (for having the teachings of Buddhism understood).
- 日隆 (法華宗本門流)の八品主義に反対して、日要の奉じた文底寿量説を発展させて富士門流の発展に尽力して京都要法寺の日辰とともに「東我西辰」と並称された。
- Nichiga was opposed to the Happon policy by Nichiryu of Honmon school of Hokkeshu sect, and developed the Montei-juryo theory embraced by Nichiyo, in his effort to reinforce the development of Fujimon school, after which he came to share the title 'Toga Saishin' (Nichiga of East and Nisshin of West) along with Nisshin of Kyoto Yobo-ji Temple.
- そのため大鎧は矢の攻撃に対する防御を重視した構造となっており大袖(おおそで)・鳩尾板(きゅうびのいた)・栴檀板(せんだんのいた)等の部品が付属している。
- Therefore, large armor was important in defending from arrow strikes, and the components, such as the large sleeve (Osode), the chest plates (Kyubi-no-ita), and the sandalwood plates (Sendan-no-ita) were attachments.
- 江戸時代には江戸幕府により三つ葉葵とは対照的に使用は自由にされ一般庶民にも浸透しこの紋の図案を用いた和菓子や仏具等の飾り金具が作られる等各地に広まった。
- During the Edo period, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) permitted free use of the design in contrast to Mitsuba-aoi (Hollyhock with three leaves), and it spread amongst the general populace; Japanese confectionery and kazari-kanagu (decorative metal fixtures) of Buddhist alter articles with this design were made and spread throughout Japan.
- 小笠原流が騎射を出発点とし、主に見た目の美しさや品位を重視するものであったのに対して、日置流は的中や矢の貫通力に重点を置いた実利的な歩兵用弓術であった。
- The Ogasawara school originated from shooting while riding and emphasizes chiefly beauty and elegance, on the contrary, the Heki school is practical archery for infantrymen which places emphasis on target accuracy and the penetrating power of an arrow.
- 弁当そのものを製造原価の安い海外で調製し、日本まで冷凍して運び解凍して販売することで、コンビニ弁当などと対抗することを目指した駅弁が開発されたことがある。
- In an attempt to compete with the convenience store box lunches (box lunches sold at convenience stores), a new type of Ekiben was developed that were cooked and packed in foreign countries where the manufacturing costs were low, shipped to Japan after being frozen, and then sold after being defrosted.
- こちらにも「内題」(ないだい)が詰まって「なだい」になったとする説があり、上方の「外題」と江戸の「内題」で対になることが、絵巻物起源説の根拠となっている。
- And a theory says Naidai was shortened into Nadai, and this theory makes Nadai in Edo & Gedai in Kamigata come as a pair, so it supports the theory that Gedai originated from the title on the picture scroll.
- また第二次世界大戦末期に日本全土が大規模な空襲に見舞われたが、これへの対処策として2枚の座布団を組み合わせた防空頭巾で頭部や肩を落下物の衝突から保護した。
- In addition, towards the end of World War II, Japan was subject to large scale air raids nationwide and one protective measure taken was to use two zabuton together make an 'air raid hood' to protect the head and neck from falling objects
- アルコール(エタノール)を摂取すると人はその麻酔作用により酩酊を得、抑制を引き起こすためにストレス (生体)から開放され、様々な快楽に対し抵抗感を無くす。
- When they consume alcohol (ethanol), people become intoxicated due to its sedative effect, get relieved from stress which has restrained them, and stop refraining from various pleasures.
- ところが、この報を受けた蓮悟は逆に法主の代理である実顕を討つ事は本願寺法主に対する反逆であるとして畿内・東海地方の門徒に超勝寺救援の命令を発したのである。
- Informed of this, however, Rengo figured that fighting against Saneaki, deputy head priest, would be a rebellion against the head priest of Hongan-ji Temple, and gave an order to get the followers in the Kinai and Tokai regions to go to the rescue of the Chosho-ji Temple.
- ところが、この報を受けた蓮淳は逆に法主の代理である実顕を討つ事は本願寺法主に対する反逆であるとして畿内・東海地方の門徒に超勝寺救援の命令を発したのである。
- However, in return, upon hearing the news of the uprising, Renjun issued an order to assist the Chosho-ji Temple to the followers in the Kinai (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and Tokai regions for the reason that attacking the deputy of the head Jikken was a rebellion against the head of the Hongan-ji Temple.
- 当麻曼荼羅が、観無量寿経に基づいて画面を4分割する複雑な画面構成をとるのに対して、智光曼荼羅は極めてシンプルな浄土図のみの図様をとっているのが特徴である。
- While the Taima Mandara has the complex composition formed of four sections based on Kanmuryoju-kyo (one of the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism), Chiko Mandala has the extremly simple design representing only Jodo (Pure Land).
- またこれに従って、法華経に対し涅槃経の方が、三乗の同一仏性の常住を説いて会三帰一の理論的根拠を説いているという指摘もなされている(「仏教布教体系」など)。
- It is also pointed out that actually Nehangyo rather than Lotus Sutra explains the bussho josho (one of the Buddhist teachings about the status of reaching the Nirvana and its eternity) of sanjo as well as the logical reason of esankiitsu ('Bukkyo fukyo taikei' and so on).
- 更に鎌倉時代後期に入ると武家側と対抗するために寺社を本所とする荘園の一円支配が強化され、荘園における本所法の典拠として本所である寺院の寺院法が用いられた。
- Furthermore, in the late Kamakura period, temples tightened the control as honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) over the shoen and its surrounding areas to rival samurai, and as the rules of honjo, Jiin-ho were introduced, providing the authority for a honjo law at shoen.
- 長和4年(1015年)、大僧正となっていた慶円は自分の辞任と引き換えに良円の律師就任を申請したが、慶円と不仲であった藤原道長が反対したため実現しなかった。
- In 1015, Keien, now a Daisojo (a priest of the highest rank in the highest managerial position), submitted a recommendation on the occasion of his own retirement that Ryoen be appointed a Risshi (the third rank of priest following Sojo and Sozu), but because Keien was not on good terms with the powerful FUJIWARA no Michinaga, Michinaga opposed this move and thus it did not happen.
- 時代の流れで量産の必要性から、やや粗製濫造の傾向にある東京・大阪の唐紙屋に対して、伝統を重んじる京都の伝統工芸的職人の唐紙師の意地が示されていると言える。
- It can be said that it showed the spirit of kami-shi as traditional craftsmen in Kyoto who regarded tradition highly as opposed to the karakami makers in Tokyo and Osaka who tended to make crude kami-shi because of the necessity of mass production of current times.
- 初期の書院造りの特徴は、接客対面の儀式の場としての書院を、権力の象徴として、襖障子と張り付け壁を連続させて、その全面を金地極彩色の金碧障壁画で飾り立てた。
- The characteristic of Shoin-zukuri style in the early stages was that fusuma-shoji and haritsuke kabe of shoin as the place for a ceremony to meet visitors were placed side by side and the whole surface was decorated with kinpeki-shohekiga of brilliant coloring on a golden ground as a symbol of power.
- 茶事とは少人数のあらかじめ決められた客を対象にして個人が行う茶会であり、亭主は茶室を花や掛物で飾り、炭手前、懐石、濃茶および薄茶の点前により客をもてなす。
- Chaji is a form of tea party that individuals perform for a small number of designated guests, and the host decorates the tea room with flowers and a hanging scroll, and entertains the guest with charcoal temae, kaiseki (meal served in the tea ceremony), and koicha (thick tea) or usucha.
- 家人が「食事を勧める」ことで、訪問者は時間を自覚でき、家人側も相手に対して失礼を犯さずに帰宅を要求することができる、という社交的な効果があると考えられる。
- The host may expect a sociable effect of 'offering meals' that reminds any guest of lapse of time and urges him to leave without discourteousness.
- (2)「箏」では柱(じ)と呼ばれる可動式の支柱で弦の音程を調節するのに対し、(1)「琴」は弦を押さえる場所で音程を決めるという特徴を持つ(和琴は柱を使う)。
- The pitch is adjusted in 'So (箏) no Koto' by moving bridges (called 'ji') under each string, while the pitch is adjusted in 'Kin (琴) no Koto' by pressing the strings against the board with the fingertips (Wagon uses moving bridges).
- 近代建築のフィルターをとおして日本の伝統的空間対する理解を深めていったモダニストたちは外部空間の重要性に気付き、これを自らの空間表現の遡上に載せたのである。
- In this way, modernists who deepen their understanding of traditional space in Japan through the filter of modern day construction, were aware of the importance of external space and took up the matter for discussion.
- 余談だが、丑寅の方角を鬼門とする時、その対にあたる方角、猿(申).雉(酉).犬(戌)に守護の役を与え、鬼退治に向かう桃太郎もある種の意味を持つと推測できる。
- Incidentally, when the direction of Ushitora is assigned to Kimon, the counter directions of monkey (Saru), pheasant (Tori) and dog (Inu) are assigned as guards, which sought to kill Oni in the story of Momotaro (Peach Boy), it seems to have some kind of meaning.
- 初雫より心白発現率が高く、2003年、この品種を100%使用した完成酒が全国新酒鑑評会で金賞を受賞するにいたり、本州産の酒米と対等にわたりあえる実力を示した。
- It has a higher shinpaku manifestation rate than that of Hatsushizuku, and in 2003 a kanseishu produced exclusively with this variety was awarded a gold prize in Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, thus evidencing its ability to compete with sakamai produced in mainland Japan on an equivalent basis.
- 例えば、松竹は寿海に初代鴈治郎の当り役を演じさせ鴈治郎のプライドを傷つけるなど、その場しのぎの対応ばかりで、関西歌舞伎の正当の後継者に対する考慮が欠けていた。
- Shochiku took only temporary stopgap measures, such as making Jukai perform the star role of Ganjiro I, for example, which injured Ganjiro's pride and showed a lack of consideration for the proper successors of Kansai Kabuki.
- 二度の禁武政策を通じて、武器を取り上げられた人々が、薩摩藩に対抗するために空手を発展させたとする説が、従来、歴史的事実であるかのように繰り返し言及されてきた。
- Traditionally, the belief that Okinawan people, who were deprived of weapons after two kinmu seisaku, tried to refine karate to confront the Satsuma Domain was repeatedly insisted as if it were a historical fact.
- 当時から批判している人の多くは、この当時の折伏の激しさに加え「言論出版妨害事件」なども相まって、創価学会に対するアレルギーや警戒感を現在でも絶えず持っている。
- Many of those who have been criticizing it since then continuously are allergic and have a sense of vigilance against Soka Gakkai because of the 'incidents of speech and press interference' in addition to the severity of shakubuku at that time.
- 親鸞が法然から直接教え受けていた頃、「善信が信心も、聖人の御信心もひとつなり」(自らの信心と法然の信心は一つである)と言い、それに対し他の門弟が異義を唱えた。
- When Shinran was learning directly from Honen, he said that his faith and Honen's faith were the same, then other disciples blamed him.
- 日本の民間信仰では死者・祖先に対する追善供養のことを特に供養ということが多く、これから派生して仏教と関係なく死者への対応という意味で広く供養と呼ぶこともある。
- In Japanese folk beliefs, Kuyo typically refers to a memorial service for the deceased or ancestors, and has come to refer to a service for the deceased in a wider sense apart from Buddhism.
- これに対し、法華経後半部14品、特に如来寿量品で、釈迦仏は菩提樹下で悟ったのではなく、実は久遠の大昔に悟りを得た久遠実成(くおんじつじょう)であったと説いた。
- Opposing to that in the latter 14 chapters of Hokekyo, especially in Nyorai Juryo Hon, it is preached that Shaka didn't earn enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, but really, he was Kuon Jitsujo, or a Buddha who already earned enlightenment a very long time ago, in eternal past.
- 集会などで定められた寺院法は当初は寺院の境内及び僧侶・俗人などの所属者を対象としてきたが、寺辺と呼ばれる地内町が寺院の周囲に対しても効力を及ぼすようになった。
- Jiin-ho set at the gatherings were initially only effective inside the temple grounds, as well as those belonging to the temple, such as priests and followers, but later, jinai-cho, which is also called 'jihen', began to have an effect on areas surrounding the temples.
- この禁令は社寺などに出されていることから見ても、朝廷が反対できないよう、銅灯篭など「国家安泰を祈願するため」の仏具に事寄せて溶解する方式が取られたのであろう。
- This Kin-hasen Rei was promulgated toward shrines and temples, who used to melt copper coins to produce, for example, Buddhist alter articles such as hanging copper lanterns 'made to pray for national peace and security,' and therefore, to whom the Imperial Court could hardly complain against their illegal acts.
- 小笠原流が多くの場合、射の行程における打起しと呼ばれる動作において身体の正面で構える形、いわゆる「正面打起し」をとるのに対し、日置流では「斜面打起し」をとる。
- In many cases of Ogasawara school, there are facing postures for shooting at a distance, that is, the so-called 'Shomen-uchiokoshi' (anchoring in front facing posture) is taught; on the contrary, the Heki school teaches 'Shamen-uchiokoshi' (anchoring in a slanted position).
- また、表千家七代如心斎、裏千家八代又玄斎、如心斎の高弟、江戸千家初代川上不白などによって、大勢の門弟に対処するための新たな稽古方法として、七事式が考案された。
- In addition, Shichijishiki (the seven virtues style ceremony) was designed by Nyoshinsai of the seventh head of Omotesenke, Yugensai of the eighth Urasenke, and Fuhaku KAWAKAMI of the founder of Edosenke (the house of Edosen) as the new practice method to handle large numbers of disciples.
- 平安末期成立の『今昔物語集』には、空を駆け、人に憑く「鷹」と呼ばれる魔物や、顔は天狗、体は人間で、一対の羽を持つ魔物など、これらの天狗の説話が多く記載された。
- 'Tales of Times Now Past,' written during the late Heian period, described many tales of Tengu, such as a devil called 'Hawk' that would fly through the sky and possess people, and one having the face of Tengu with a human body and a pair of wings.
- 構造は打刀と殆ど同じだが、携帯方法が大きく違い(打刀は刃を上にし帯に差して携帯するのに対し、太刀は刃を下にし吊るして携帯する)、それに伴い拵(外装)も異なる。
- The structure is almost same with Uchigatana, but the way of carrying is totally different (Uchigatana is carried with the blade upward by putting in a belt, while Tachi is hung with the blade downward to carry), and Koshirae (fittings) are also different.
- また、どんな試合規則にしても(禁止技無しでさえ)一対一で合図と共に戦いが始まることが前提となり、不意打ちや隠し武器などを想定した技術までカバーすることは難しい。
- Also, on the premise that we start one-to-one fighting by signal, whatever the rules of game are (even without banned skills or techniques), it's difficult for us to acquire the skills that include surprise moves, hidden weapons and so on.
- 中華人民共和国(中国共産党)は儒教を道徳思想としているが、前述の通り「儒教は革命に対する反動である」との理由から儒家の活動を弾圧の対象にし、大幅に制限していた。
- The People's Republic of China (Communist Party of China) treats Ju-kyo as a thought of ethics, but as mentioned above, Ju-kyo activities are the subject of suppression, and are largely limited due to the idea that 'Ju-kyo is the counter reaction to revolution.'
- 日本での発泡酒の誕生には、時代背景による一種の対処法、参入障壁の高いビール製造、高いビールの税率、1989年以来のビールの低価格競争が主な要因としてあげられる。
- The main factors in the development of low-malt beer were consumption trends, the high entry barrier for beer production, the high tax rate of beer, and the cost competition in beer production since 1989.
- 即位灌頂は天皇の即位式に不可欠な儀式として定着するにつれ、印明伝授を主に担っていた二条家に対して他の五摂家も印明伝授を求め、しばしば争論が発生するようになった。
- As sokuikanjo settled as an indispensable ritual for the enthronement ceremony for the emperor, other gosekke members made requests to the Nijo family, who mainly carried out inmyodenju, and disputes occurred rather often between them.
- 明治政府が成立すると、神道国教化の過程で仏教統制の必要性を感じた新政府は浄土真宗に対して「浄土真宗」・「門徒宗」など「一向宗」以外の呼称を改めて禁じようとした。
- When the Meiji government was established, the government decided that it should control the Buddhist sects as part of the process of establishing Shinto as the state religion, and tried to prohibit the Jodo Shinshu sect from using any name as other than 'Ikkoshu,' including 'Jodo Shinshu' and 'Montoshu.'
- これに対して、8世紀には大学寮において一部ながら見られ、『経国集』などによって今日でも見ることが出来る儒教的見地からの仏教批判はすっかり影を潜めるようになった。
- In opposition to this, criticism against Buddhism from the Confucianism side of view, which could partly be seen in Daigakuryo in the eighth century, and can still be seen today in historical sources such as 'Keikokushu' (A collection of managing the country) became completely eclipsed.
- 戦後の中世仏教史では、旧仏教である南都六宗と平安二宗(天台宗、真言宗)は対等な存在として対立的または排他的な関係のもとに併立しているとの見方が大勢を占めていた。
- After WWII, medieval Buddhism studies in Japan were led by the theory that old Buddhism, Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara) and Heian nishu (the two sects of Buddhism that flourished in the Heian period: the Tendai and Shingon sects), co-existed separately and exclusively with equal power.
- 対岸の地御前神社と厳島神社の対応に至っては、身をもって味わい得ても、図示することは不可能だったと、厳島神社の建築と庭園の実測を行った建築家西澤文隆の言葉がある。
- The architect, Fumitaka NISHIZAWA, who surveyed the buildings and the gardens of the Itsukushima-jinja shrine said the contrast of the Jigozen-jinja Shrine on the opposite shore and Itsukushima-jinja shrine could be tasted, but are hard to illustrate.
- 特に室町時代の高価な「唐物」を尊ぶ風潮に対して、村田珠光はより粗末なありふれた道具を用いる茶の湯を方向付け、武野紹鴎や千利休に代表される堺市の町衆が深化させた。
- Especially during the Muromachi period, contrary to the trend of respecting expensive 'karamono' (things imported from China), Juko MURATA arranged a tea ceremony with coarser and more ordinary tools, at the same time, it became popular among the merchant class of Sakai City which was represented by Shoo TAKENO and SEN no Rikyu.
- 石清水八幡宮、春日大社と共に三勅祭の一つであり、庶民の祭りである祇園祭に対して、賀茂氏と朝廷の行事として行っていたのを貴族たちが見物に訪れる、貴族の祭となった。
- While the Gion Festival is a festival for the general public, it is one of sanchokusai (three great festivals designated by Japan's imperial court), together with the festivals of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine and Kasuga Taisha Shrine, and it became an event of the Kamo clan and the Imperial court which court nobles visited and enjoyed, and it then became a festival for the court nobles.
- 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
- Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.
- また、素手で鉄砲や刀などの武器に対抗するという発想そのものが非現実的であり、このような動機に基づいて琉球士族が空手の鍛錬に励んだとは考えられない、との指摘もある。
- Also, some critics point out that the idea that an unarmed person counterattacks weapons such as guns and swords is unrealistic in the first place, and that it is unlikely that the warrior class in the Ryukyu Kingdom practiced karate based on such an unrealistic reason.
- そのように、相手が抵抗しない、相手の攻撃は前もってわかっている稽古だけで、実際の自由な攻防(相手は抵抗する、相手の攻撃はわからない)への対応力が養えているか疑問。
- It is questionable whether the skill to respond to actual free offense and defense (the opponent resists, and the opponent's attack is unknown) is built solely through training in which the opponent doesn't resist and the opponent's attack is known in advance.
- 中国では皇帝の即位式は、皇帝と臣下との相互承認という色彩が強いのに対して、天孫降臨の神話を持つ日本では、即位式に宗教的な観念が入り込む余地が大きかったと見られる。
- While the enthronement ceremony for the emperor in China had a strong tinge of mutual acknowledgment between the emperor and subjects, it seems that there was room for a religious concept concerning the enthronement ceremony for the emperor in Japan which is based upon the myth of the descent to earth by the grandson of the sun goddess.
- イギリス政府が2500人以上の成人を対象にした調査で「最も重要と思いつつも最も不快に感じる発明品」として、カラオケが22%を獲得し携帯電話などを抑えて1位となった。
- A survey among more than 2,500 adults conducted by the British government, karaoke won first place with 22% over mobile phones and so on as 'the most irritating invention to have blighted Britain.'
- 弘前の根笹派錦風流、浜松の普大寺の流れをくむ名古屋の西園流、京都の明暗寺の明暗真法流と明暗対山流、博多一朝軒、越後明暗寺、東北地方の布袋軒、松巖軒などの伝承である。
- Nezasa-ha Kinpu school of Hirosaki, the Seien school of Nagoya, which incorporates influences from the Fudai-ji Temple of Hamamatsu, the Myoan Jinpo school of Kyoto's Meian-ji Temple as well as the Myoan Taizan school, the Hakata Itchoken school, the Echigo Meian-ji Temple school, the Fusokan school of the Tohoku region, the Shoganken, and the like are schools that have been transmitted.
- 古文学は、今文学が一経専門で家法を頑なに遵守したのに対して、六経すべてを兼修し、ときには今文学など他学派の学説をとりいれつつ、経書を総合的に解釈することを目指した。
- While the Kinbun learning was specially restricted to only one classic and strictly followed the rules and interpretations of the school, the Kobun learning studied all of the Rikkei, sometimes adopting theories from other schools such as Kinbun, and aimed at a comprehensive interpretation of the Keisho.
- 平行して相撲の観客に対しても相撲茶屋が同様の弁当を供し、そこから幕内力士のように相撲の世界にも幕の内という言葉が持ち込まれたという説もあるが、こちらにも異論がある。
- There is an opposing theory that as sumo-jaya (sumo teahouse) served similar kinds of bento to the sumo audiences, the word 'makunouchi' was brought to the world of sumo such as Makunouchi-rikishi, but objections exist to this theory, too.
- 国家神道の時代には神道は宗教的地位が曖昧にされ(政府は「神道は宗教ではない」(神社非宗教論)として天皇と一体化し国民に敬神の義務を強いた)絶対のものとして扱われた。
- In the era of State Shinto, the religious position of the Shinto religion was made indistinct (the Government united the Shinto religion with the Emperor and obligated the people to respect the god under the theory that 'the Shinto religion was not a religion' (Jinjahishukyoron (theory that the Shinto religion was not a religion), and the Shinto religion was treated as an absolute thing.
- また、茅の輪の左右に設置する笹竹に願い事を書いた短冊を振下げ、七夕に河川に流すといった俗信仰は、書初めをどんどん焼きで焚くと筆が上達するといった行事と対応している。
- The communal worship that tanzaku (long, narrow card) cards on which a wish is written are hung up on small bamboos provided on the right and left sides of the kaya grass hoop and the bamboos are thrown into a river on the Tanabata festival corresponds to the event in which kakizome (New Year's writing, resolution) is burnt in the Dondon-yaki (a Shinto blessing of objects that have been a part of a celebration but are now debris consuming by fire from the 14th to the 16th of the lunar New Year) to improve writing.
- その間に増上寺は浄土宗各派に対して「浄土真宗」の名称を用いる事が出来るのは浄土宗寺院だけであるという見解を出して増上寺に「浄土真宗」の額を掲げるなどの圧迫を加えた。
- During the interval, Zojo-ji Temple put pressure on the Jodo Shinshu sect by distributing its opinion that only Jodoshu sect temples could use the name 'Jodo Shinshu' among all the branches of the Jodo sect, and by displaying framed calligraphy with the words 'the Jodo Shinshu' at the temple building.
- 中国から伝来した中国絵画がようやく日本化され、いわゆる「大和絵」の成立したのもこの時期であり、漢詩文に対し仮名書きの文学作品が書かれるようになるのもこの時代である。
- It was a time when Chinese painting imported from China became Japanized eventually and so-called Yamato-e (pictures in which Japanese scenery or customs were drawn or painted) was established around this period, and also literary works began to be written in kana (the Japanese syllabary) against Chinese poetry literature around this time.
- 1993年当時、ダイエーグループの神戸らんぷ亭が恵比寿 (渋谷区)に一号店の出店を発表した際、セゾングループの吉野家が即対応し、2軒隣に吉野家恵比寿駅前店を開店した。
- When Kobelamptei, a member of the Daiei Group, announced that it was opening the first outlet in Ebisu (Shibuya Ward) in 1993, Yoshinoya Co., Ltd. of the Saison Group immediately took actions to open its Ebisu Ekimae shop two door away from the first outlet of Kobelamptei.
- 暦法(太陰太陽暦)による問題…太陰太陽暦は、太陽暦(グレゴリオ暦)に対して、約3年に1回(約19年に7回)の割合で閏月を挿入したため、1年の長さが年によってことなる。
- Problems with the rekiho (method of making calendars)(the lunisolar calendar): In the lunisolar calendar, a leap month is inserted once in approximately three years (approximately seven times in nineteen years) so the length of the year differs by year against solar calendar (the Gregorian calendar).
- 全日本剣道連盟はJOC、国際剣道連盟はIOC傘下のGAISFに加盟をしているが、剣道のオリンピックの正式種目、公開種目化には首尾一貫して反対している立場を取っている。
- Although the All Japan Kendo Federation is affiliated with the JOC and the International Kendo Federation is a member of the GAISF, which is affiliated with the IOC, both have consistently opposed the idea of Kendo becoming an official Olympic sport or an demonstration sport.
- また清末から隆盛した今文学派による古典批判の方法論は古籍に対する弁偽の風潮を興し、1927年、顧頡剛を始めとする疑古派が経書や古史の偽作を論ずる『古史弁』を創刊した。
- Additionally, the methodology of classics critique by the Kinbun learning school which flourished from the end of Qing brought a climate of clarification of truth or falsehood of old books, and in 1927, the Giko-ha school including Ko Ketsugo published 'Koshiben' (telling right from wrong about old history), which discussed forged Keisho and ancient history.
- これに対して苦情の電話を入れるとよく「今出ました」と言い訳されるといわれており、このことに例えて物事の遅延に対する安易な応対や言い訳を「そば屋の出前」と称されている。
- It is said that soba restaurants often answer phone calls complaining of late deliveries by saying that 'It has just been sent,' and therefore simplistic excuses for delays are called 'soba-ya no demae.'
- 日蓮の法華経に対する純粋な姿勢も、室町時代に入ると宗派が勢力を拡大していく過程の中で、他宗派との妥協や他宗派の信者からの施しを平気で受けるなど、次第に変質していった。
- During the Muromachi period, while expanding its influence, the attitudes of the believers of the Nichiren sect had gradually deviated from the founder's pure belief in the Hokekyo, and the Nichiren followers started to compromise with other sects or to receive offerings from the believers of other sects without hesitation.
- 1870年2月5日、政府から皇族・貴族に対してお歯黒禁止令が出され、それに伴い民間でも徐々に廃れ(明治以降農村では一時的に普及したが)、大正時代にはほぼ完全に消えた。
- On February 5, 1870, government put a ban on tooth black among the royalty and aristocrats; consequently, this practice also faded gradually among the common people (after the Meiji period, it was once popular among farm villages), and in the Taisho period, it almost completely disappeared.
- 5代竹心は藪内家中興と称せられ、千家中興と言われる表千家7代如心斎らと同時期の人であるが、富裕町人を大量に受け入れ華やかに変貌しはじめた三千家に対しては批判的であった。
- Although the fifth head of the family, Chikushin, who is known for reviving the Yabunouchi family, lived at the same time as Joshinsai, the 7th head of the Omotesenke school and the symbol of Senke restoration, he was critical of the Sansenke for becoming pompous by accepting large numbers of wealthy merchants.
- 弓騎兵は『カルラエの戦い(紀元前53年)』、『ワールシュタットの戦い(13世紀)』で中心的役割を果たし、両戦とも敵兵が弓騎兵に対して直接戦闘に固執した為に勝利を収めた。
- The archery cavalry played an important role in the Battle of Karurae of 53 B.C. and the Battle of Warushutatto (the 13th century), since as the enemies in both battles tried to fight directly with the archery cavalry, they were able to win.
- 速疾とは読んで字のごとく、すみやか・はやいということ、また頓は漸の対義語でこれもまた、たちまち・すみやかにということで、速疾頓成とは、すみやかに成仏することを意味する。
- 'Sokushitsu' literally means 'quick' or 'fast', and 'ton' is the antonym for 'Zan,' also meaning 'quickly' or 'immediately'; 'Sokushitsutonjo' means to become a Buddha quickly.
- 特に、人口が密集した江戸において、最も小さな畳を基準としたのは、家康時代の三河地方では、質素倹約の立場から、京間に対して田舎間と称して意識的に小さな畳を使用させていた。
- Especially in Edo, a heavily-populated area, the smallest tatami was used as the standard because in the Mikawa region, when it was ruled by Ieyasu, the smaller tatami, which was called inaka-ma as opposed to kyo-ma, was forced to be used from the standpoint of modesty and frugality.
- ただし畿内などでは300年かけて形成された金属貨幣そのもののに対する需要が完全に無くなった訳ではなく、估価法などの公定価格の決定には貨幣換算によるものが用いられてきた。
- However, this does not mean that the demand for metal currencies vanished completely, after three hundred years or so for forming them in the Kinai area (countries near Kyoto,) but they remained as a method of conversion to decide official prices by Kokaho (acts of conversion rate of goods.)
- 一本とは全日本剣道連盟によれば、「充実した気勢、適正な姿勢を持って、竹刀の打突部(弦の反対側の物打ちを中心とした刃部)で打突部位を刃筋正しく打突し、残心あるもの」である。
- According to the All Japan Kendo Federation, Ippon means 'a stroke or thrust a contender properly makes with strong fervor and proper posture on a targeted part of the opponent's body with the proper part of blade of a bamboo sword (main part of blade on the opposite side of the bowstring-shape side) and has preparedness against the opponent's counterattack.'
- とくに生酒(なまざけ)として出荷する場合は、火落ち菌対策として、火入れをしないことから、高精度な(0.22 - 0.65μ程度の)除菌のための濾過をこれによっておこなう。
- In particular for sake to be shipped out as namazake (raw sake), because hiire (pasteurization) as a measure against hiochi bacteria is not done, filtration for removing bacteria with high precision (in the order of 0.22 to 0.65 μ) is carried out with this method.
- 江戸時代においては、当道座は内部に対しては、盲人の職業訓練など互助的な性質を持っていたが、一方では、座法による独自の裁判権を持ち、盲人社会の秩序維持と支配を確立していた。
- In the Edo period, todoza internally had the feature of mutual organization to provide the blind with vocational training, and on the other hand it had its own jurisdiction to establish and maintain the order within the blind society.
- これは、住職を辞して後も引き続き寺院に居住して、後継の住職に対して指導・教育に当たるとき、身分上と言えども、寺院の徒弟(前住職)が住職に指導するということになってしまう。
- When the chief priest continues to live in the temple to educate a successive one after the retirement from the chief priest, even in the terms of the status, the apprentice (previous chief priest) in the temple would teach a chief priest.
- 上記の解釈に対し、『涅槃経』優位における解釈では、「秋収冬蔵」の典拠はその通りであるが、恣意的に前の文脈を省略しており、そのためにまったく逆の解釈がなされている、とする。
- Those who support interpretations that place greater emphasis on the independent value of 'the Nirvana Sutra' argue that the paragraph about 'harvesting in fall for winter storage' is correctly cited from the Nirvana Sutra but that his interpretation deliberately omits the statement preceding the paragraph, thereby giving rise to a serious misunderstanding.
- 全国対応の葬儀社も、業務は決まったプランでその地域の業者に丸投げしマージンをとるだけの形式が多く、ネットを使用した営業代行で全国展開というには程遠いというのが実情である。
- Many funeral homes, even on a national scale, make it a practice to offer standardized plans and subcontract 100 percent to a local funeral home in a region only to take a profit and the actual situation is that the business form is a proxy service using the internet and it falls far short of a nationwide development.
- これに対して、京から紙は越前奉書紙や鳥の子紙などの高級な加工原紙を用いて、伝統技法と王朝文化の流れを汲む洗練された紋様を摺って、京から紙の伝統を守りそれを誇りとしていた。
- As opposed to this, kyo karakami had printed sophisticated patterns based upon traditional techniques and dynasty cultures by using high quality processed material papers such as Echizen hoshogami (heavy Japanese paper of the best quality in Echizen province) and torinoko paper, and had kept the tradition of kyo karakami alive with pride.
- また地域差が非常に激しく、化政文化の頃、江戸では「江戸褄」といわれる足下に模様を入れることが流行ったのに対し上方では「島原褄」といわれる合褄に模様が入れることが流行った。
- In addition, regional differences are large, and at the time of Kasei culture, at Edo, 'Edo tsuma' of which the patterns were located in the foot of kosode while in Kyoto and Osaka, 'Shimabara tsuma' which was main pattern were located in aizuma (from hem to the collar tip) were in style.
- 長らく二刀流が否定されていたため、また上記の通り竹刀の長さ、および二刀流の相手に対しては胸突きが認められるというハンディがあるため、指導者、使用者とも少ないのが現状である。
- The present situation is that both coaches and contenders of Nito-ryu are small in number, due to the facts that Nito-ryu has been denied for a long time, that Shinai of different lengths are used as above, and that a contender of Nito-ryu is allowed to make Mune-tsuki to the other contender, which is a handicap for the latter.
- 卵の輸入制限は各国の国内鶏卵業者への保護を目的とする他にも鶏卵が有する各種細菌がもつ食品衛生上の観点からも重視されており、各国で輸入規制対象物品に指定されていることが多い。
- Import restriction of eggs is counted not only for the purpose of protection of domestic poultry farmers but also in view of food hygiene based on various bacteria included in eggs, and therefore many countries specify it as prohibited imports.
- そのため光崎検校同様、複雑煩瑣に発達した当時の地歌音楽とは対極ともいえる、江戸前期の箏曲の形式である組歌の整合的構成、シンプルな技巧、気品高く雅びな雰囲気などを取り入れた。
- Therefore, like Mitsuzaki Kengyo, he also employed a consistent composition, a simple technique, and a noble and classic atmosphere of kumiuta, which was a form of sokyoku in the early Edo period, and an extreme opposite of jiuta music developed into complication at the time.
- 岡倉らが東京美術学校、日本美術院で育てようとした日本画は旧来の技法や様式を守るだけのものではなく、西洋画から採り入れるものを採り、それと対抗できるような日本の絵画であった。
- The Nihon-ga which Okakura intended to foster was not just preserving traditional Japanese technique and style, but also brought in some necessary western techniques aiming to create Japanese drawings which could hold their own against western paintings.
- これに対して百済観音像の垂髪はより写実的に表現され、天衣はゆるやかなカーブを描いて前後方向に揺れるように表現されており、天衣のカーブの優美さは側面から見て初めて了解される。
- On the contrary, the long flowing hair of Kudara Kannon-zo is expressed more realistically, with tenne depicted as swinging back and forth with a gentle curve; as such, the graceful curve of tenne can be acknowledged only when viewed from the side.
- 僧侶による破戒行為・犯罪に対しては還俗(徒罪相当以上)もしくは苦使(杖罪・笞罪相当)と呼ばれる閏刑が採用され、律令法体系における刑事罰である五罪が採用されることは無かった。
- For the subversive criminal acts by priests and nuns, commutation called genzoku (laicization, a punishment equivalent to or heavier than imprisonment) or kushi (penal servitude equivalent to flogging or whipping) was adopted and gozai (five criminal punishments) which were the criminal charges in the ritsuryo system were not applied.
- また、同書中で九鬼周造はいきには必ず異性に対する「媚態」が根本にあり、異性間の緊張がつねに存在している状態がいきの構成要素である「つやっぽさ」や「色気」を作り出すとしている。
- In the same book, he also claimed that 'bitai' (coquetry) toward the opposite sex invariably underlies iki and that the permanent existence of sexual tension produces its components, such as 'tsuyapposa' (amorousness) and 'iroke' (sex appeal).
- 当時の幕府の法令は、今でいえば日本全国を対象とする法律であって、それに対し今の地方自治体が定める条例のように、江戸時代にも特定の藩や地域だけに認められた法度もたくさんあった。
- While the decrees of the bakufu at the time were today's national laws in Japan, there were many Hatto (law, ban) locally effective only in certain domains and regions in the Edo period as there are Jorei (ordinance) set forth by local governments today.
- 方相氏が大内裏を回るとき、公卿は清涼殿の階(きざはし)から弓矢をもって方相氏に対して弓 (武器)をひき、殿上人(でんじょうびと)らは振り鼓(でんでん太鼓)をふって厄を払った。
- When Hososhi went around the Imperial Palace and government offices, court nobles holding bows and an arrows drew their weapons at Hososhi from the stairs in the Seiryoden (Literally Limpid Cool Hall, an imperial summer palace), and tenjobito (high-ranking courtiers allowed into the Imperial Palace) performed exorcism by rolling the handles of den-den drums.
- それでも証如の祖父・蓮淳に対する信頼は絶対的であり、蓮淳も証如が没する4年前まで長寿を保った事から証如の法主時代の本願寺は事実上蓮淳によって統治されていたとまで言われている。
- Despite that, Shonyo had complete trust in his grandfather Renjun who secured longevity until four years before Shonyo's death, so it is even said that Hongan-ji Temple was virtually controlled by Renjun while Shonyo was the head of the sect.
- 本来の目的は雨期には草木が生え繁り、昆虫、蛇などの数多くの小動物が活動するため、遊行(外での修行)をやめて一カ所に定住することにより、小動物に対する無用な殺生を防ぐ事である。
- Ango originally meant to abstain from going out (outdoor ascetic practice) and stay in a place in the rainy season to prevent futile destruction of life, because plants grow rapidly and many small creatures, such as insects and snakes, become active in the rainy season.
- これに対して、過去世に下種を受けていない本未有善(釈迦仏の機縁がない)の末法の衆生には、釈迦仏の説いた法華経では無益であり、過去の暦のように用をなさない意味のないものである。
- In opposition, as for the people in the period of Mappo (the phase of decadent after Zoho), or who are Hon-mi Uzen (having no qualification as Buddha) since they didn't receive Geshu in their past life, there is no value in Hokekyo which was preached by Shaka, and it is useless like a calendar from past years.
- 尤も、この切れ味は最適な角度で切り込んでこそ発揮できるもので、静止物に刀を振り下ろす試し斬りならともかく、実戦で動き回る相手に対し常に最適の角度で切り込むのは至難の業である。
- However, this sharpness is only demonstrated by cutting with the optimal angle, so, setting aside testing sharpness by bringing Katana down to a body at rest, it is virtually impossible to cut always with the optimal angle against someone moving around in an actual fight.
- 日本では、2003年頃から焼酎乙類を対象とする「本格焼酎ブーム」が起き、同年には焼酎類全体の出荷量が日本酒の出荷量を約50年ぶりに上回り、2004年には売上高もピークを迎えた。
- In Japan there was a 'Honkaku Shochu boom' of the shochu group Otsu since about 2003 and the total shipping volume of shochu exceeded that of rice wine for the first time after fifty years in 2003 and the sales amount peaked in 2004.
- また、秋田県仙北市の神代カレーの様に和風ブイヨンを基本とした昭和30年代風のカレーソースとデミグラスソースを基本とした今風のカレーソースをそれぞれ一対一で掛けたものも存在する。
- A different type of combination also exists, such as the even combination of a curry sauce based upon Japanese-style bouillon, a style of the period from around 1955 to 1965 represented by Jindai curry in Senboku City, Akita Prefecture, and a modern curry sauce based on demi-glace (a type of brown sauce).
- 古代日本における歌垣は、特定の日時と場所に老若男女が集会し、共同飲食しながら歌を掛け合う呪的信仰に立つ行事であり、互いに求愛歌を掛け合いながら、対になり恋愛関係になるとされる。
- In ancient Japan, the custom of utagaki was practiced as an event based on a magical belief of the people, irrespective of age and sex, who gathered on a fixed time and day at a specific place to exchange courtship songs while eating and drinking together in order to form couples who may eventually fall in love.
- 図像的特色からは尊名の確定が困難であるが、この絵と対をなす11号壁が普賢菩薩(釈迦如来の右脇侍)像であることから、8号壁の像は文殊菩薩(釈迦如来の左脇侍)像であると判断される。
- It is difficult to identify the image of the wall No. 8 by the iconographic characteristic, however, it is estimated as Monju Bosatsu (an attendant figure of the left of Shaka Nyorai) since the image on the wall No. 11, which is paired with the image on the wall No. 8, is Fugen Bosatsu (an attendant figure of the right of Shaka Nyorai).
- →これに対して、その物資の支援の内容が寺田(そこから挙がった収穫が寺に納付される)の設定によるものなのか、それとも直接物資の形で支給されたものなのかが不明であるという反論がある。
- Against this theory, some point out that there are no clear answers to whether the aid was given as 'jiden'(rice fields owned by temples)(a harvest from jiden was given to temples) or as the direct provision of supplies.
- 蹴鞠競技はその後、中国本土では次第に廃れていき、宋 (王朝)代にはチーム対抗の競技としての側面が薄れて一人または集団で地面に落とさないようにボールを蹴る技を披露する遊びとなった。
- Subsequently the kemari game in mainland China gradually became phased out, in the Song Dynasty, team competitions were few, and it became a one-man play or group play in which the ball was kicked to keep the ball from falling to the ground.
- 現代の弓道においては通常の競技において的中主義であるため、貫通力の相対的価値が下がっていることもあり、今日では「中・貫・久」の実践を最高としているが、本来は「貫・中・久」である。
- In modern archery, since emphasis is put on Tekichu-shugi (hitting the target), penetration is valued less; nowadays, the praising order is 'Precision, Penetration and Persistenc', however, the praising order should be 'Penetration, Precision and Persistence' originally.
- 謝良佐の弟子である朱震は邵雍の『皇極経世書』、周敦頤の『通書』といった象数易と『程氏易伝』や張載の『正蒙』といった義理易を総合して『漢上易伝』を著し、王安石や蘇軾の易学に対抗した。
- Shusin, a disciple of Sha Ryosa, brought together Shosu-eki (graphic and mathematical divination) such as 'Kokyokukeiseisho' (Kogyoku future occurrence book) by ShoYo (Shao Yong) and 'Tsusho' (almanac) by Shu Ton-i (Zhou Dunyi), and Giri-eki (ethics and philosophy divination) such as 'Tei's annotation of I Ching' and Cho Sai's (Zhang Zai) 'Seimo,' and wrote 'Kanjoekiden,' to counter the art of divination led by Anseki O (Wang Anshi) and Su Shi.
- 一方、統教権側でも前述の新制をはじめとして鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目や寺社興行法、室町幕府の建武式目や五山に対する規制、戦国大名の分国法などに寺社の保護と統制に関する記述が記されている。
- Meanwhile, in terms of tokyo-ken, there were many statements to protect and regulate temples and shrines in the above-mentioned shinsei, such as Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), Jisha kogyo ho (temples promotion law) issued by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Kenmu Code and regulations on gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) by the Muromachi bakufu and bunkokuho (the law individual daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) enforced in their own domain) by daimyo in the Sengoku period.
- しかし鶯張りのばあいは、床板の幅が広いから両側が多少、上方に反曲し、かつ、板に打ち込まれた手違いかすがいの穴が、床板の反曲しないばあいにも対応し得るだけに上下に余裕を持たせてある。
- On the other hand, in the case of uguisubari, as the floorboard is wide, both ends of the board are curved upward a little and further, holes of the clamp nailed to the board are designed to have a clearance in a degree to allow the floorboard to move up and down when the floorboard is not curved.
- 牛丼太郎、牛丼販売継続の方針をしめし、米国産牛肉の在庫がなくなる2月中旬ごろから牛丼への一時的豚肉混合(同年2月中旬-3月中旬頃)やオージー・ビーフへの切り替え等の対応をおこなった。
- Showing its policy to continue gyudon sales, Gyudontaro started to take measures around the mid-February, when it was about to run out the stock of U.S. beef; for example, it mixed pork as a temporary measure (from the mid-February to mid-March) and switched to Australian beef.
- 昭和時代初期まで新潟県の酒米として代表的な品種であり、昭和初期の同地方の鑑評会の記録には男性的な亀の尾と対比をなす女性的な白藤の評価が多く残されたが、1930年代にいったん絶滅した。
- It was a representative variety of sakamai of Niigata Prefecture until the beginning of the Showa period, and the record of Kanpyokai in this district at the beginning of the Showa period recorded an evaluation of Shirafuji that is feminine in comparison with Kame no o, which was masculine, but it became extinct once in the 1930s.
- 汲み取り式の場合、汚物が下の便槽に筒抜けになっており、その汚物の臭いで便所がくさくなるため、便器に蓋をしたり排気口を作ってファンによって屋外へ送風するなどの対策が取られる場合がある。
- In the case of vault toilets, they stink because filthy matters are in the tank below and sometimes as countermeasures a lid is put on the basin or an exhaust outlet is installed to fan the inner air out.
- しかしながら江戸時代には贅沢を禁止したお触れが度々発令されており(武家や町人を対象にした「女中衣類直段之定」は寛文3年発令)、贅沢品の取締りから逃れるためという理由もあったといえる。
- However, in view of the fact instructions prohibiting extravagance were often issued during the Edo period ('Jochu irui jikidan no sadame,' which targeted samurai and chonin or town people, was issued during the third year of the Kanbun era), it may be said that these types of products were produced in order to evade the crackdown on luxury goods.
- このうち、「絵詞」とは、「絵の詞」、つまり、ある特定の絵に対応する文章というのが本来の意味であることが指摘されており、「絵詞」よりは「絵巻」の方が作品名として適切であるとの説もある。
- Among them, the word 'ekotoba' is pointed out to have originally meant as 'words for pictures,' namely, sentences corresponding to particular pictures, so that some may claim that '-emaki' is more suitably titled than '-ekotoba.'
- しかし、受験で過年度生しただけで式典参加が困難になる場合が多いうえ、前年に他市町村で成人式の対象とならなかった人が翌年、進学や転勤で札幌市に転入した場合、2年続けて参加できなくなった。
- However, besides cases where new adults could hardly participate in the ceremony unless they change their participation to the previous year because they are involved in taking examinations, there were also cases of new adults in other municipalities who were not subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony in the previous year who could not participate for two consecutive years when they moved to Sapporo City during the next year to proceed with their higher education or for being transferred.
- いまは故人になった青涛館出身のウ・ジョンニム将軍は記者との対話で、「私は空手道(コンスド)をしていて、のちに崔泓煕(チェ・ホンヒ)将軍などが主軸になって名前を変えただけだ」とも言った。
- In an interview, the late General ウ・ジョンニム from Seitokan said to a journalist, 'I practiced konsudo; however, the name was conveniently changed (to taekwondo) afterwards by a faction led by General チェ・ホンヒ.'
- 幕末の箏独立期の曲として、先輩光崎検校の作品『秋風の曲』は異国的、ロマンティックであり、同じく『五段砧』はモダン、複雑であるのに対し、吉沢の『千鳥の曲』は古雅、シンプルであるといえる。
- As the music in the period for separating koto in the end of Edo period, while 'Akikaze no kyoku' by his senior, Mitsuzaki Kengyo, is exotic and romantic and 'Godanginuda' by the same is modern and complicated, Yoshizawa's 'Chidori no Kyoku' may be traditional and simple.
- このように高価な唐物を尊ぶ風潮に対し、珠光は粗製の中国陶磁器(「珠光青磁」と呼ばれる安価な青磁が代表的)などの粗末な道具を使用したし、利休の師であった武野紹鴎は信楽焼や備前焼を好んだ。
- Contrary to the trend appreciating such expensive karamono, Juko was using humble utensils such as inexpensive Chinese ceramics (inexpensive celadon ceramics called 'Juko Seiji' were typical) and Joo Takeno, Rikyu's teacher, was fond of Shigaraki-yaki ware and Bizen-yaki ware.
- 最近では、学校行事や総合的な学習の時間(総合学習)などで、20歳の半分の年齢である10歳(小学校4年生)を対象に1/2成人式(にぶんのいちせいじんしき)を開く小学校が全国的に増えている。
- Nowadays, the number of elementary schools using a school event or comprehensive learning period for holding the half Seijin-shiki ceremony for ten-year-old children (fourth-grade children) whose age is half of 20 years old is on the increase nationwide.
- このように、関連ビジネスの新成人に対する顧客獲得競争は熱を帯びているが、少子化の影響や式への参加率の低下、成人式そのものの存在意義が問われる中でこのようなビジネスは今後厳しいものになる。
- As stated above, competition for customers that targets new adults is heated among related businesses, and these businesses can expect to face a tough time because of the low birthrate and low rate of participation in the ceremony; given such circumstances, the need to hold a Seijin-shiki event is now being questioned.
- 西京味噌(さいきょうみそ)は、近畿地方を中心として広く作られる米麹を多く配合した白黄色の甘口味噌の通称で、通常味噌汁用の味噌が12%前後の塩分であるのに対し5%前後と低いのが特徴である。
- Saikyo miso is the common name for a whitish yellow sweet miso containing a high proportion of malted rice made mainly around the Kinki region; and the main characteristic of this miso is that while miso usually used for miso soup contains 12% salt, Saikyo miso contains only about 5% salt.
- 古代史家の三宅和朗はこの変化について、平安初期における触穢信仰の高まりが、葬送儀礼にも深く関わっていた方相氏に対する忌避感を強め、穢れとして追われる側に変化させたのではないかとしている。
- Kazuo MIYAKE, an ancient historian explains that this change may have occurred because popularity of Shokue shinko (uncleanliness religion) in the early Heian period developed the sense of avoidance against Hososhi, who had been deeply related with funeral rites, and altered the position of Hososhi to be expelled as impurities.
- それに対し、寺社が主催し的屋という専門職が演出し庶民による伝統的な祭りとは違う、自治体や企業が主催し地域住民が参加する「手作り」の日曜マーケットなどの蚤の市が全国的に広く開催されている。
- In contrast, there are flea markets, such as the 'handmade' markets held on Sundays across Japan, that local people joined and are run by local municipalities or businesses, though these are unlike the traditional festivals by common people organized by temples and shrines and run by professional tekiya.
- この折伏教典は創価学会独自のもので現在は刊行されていないが、そこには日蓮宗、天台宗、真言宗、禅宗、念仏宗、キリスト教などありとあらゆる宗教哲学に対して徹底的に批判・断罪した内容であった。
- This Shakubuku Scripture is an original one of Soka Gakkai and is not publicly available at present, but its contents are thorough criticism and condemnations of all kinds of religious philosophies including Nichirenshu sect, Tendaishu sect, Shingonshu sect, Zen sect, Nenbutsushu sect, and Christianity, etc.
- 現存する上座部の名称は、部派仏教の説一切有部の一派がほかの部派の消滅に伴い、大乗仏教に対立する意味で「上座部」を再度名乗ったことに起源があり、根本分裂のころの上座部とは違うとされている。
- It is said that the current name 'Theravada' stems from the fact that, as other sects of Nikaya Buddhism disappeared, a sect of Setsuissaiubu in Nikaya Buddhism renamed themselves 'Theravada' to signify that they were against Mahayana Buddhism, and that the current Theravada is different from the one at the time of the fundamental schism.
- 「定額寺」という語の初出は、『続日本紀』に記されている天平勝宝元年7月13日 (旧暦)(749年8月30日)に寺院に対する墾田地の制限を定めた際に「定額寺、寺別一百町」とする記事である。
- The oldest record in which the word 'jogakuji' is found is 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), whereby the phrase 'jogakuji: 100 cho (about 9,918 are) per temple' is written as to the limitations imposed on temples of the use of leased rice fields, which was stipulated on August 30, 749.
- 京では、紙漉きそのものが、律令体制の緩みによる原料の調達難から衰退したのとは対照的に、紙の加工技術で高度な技術を開発して、和紙の加工技術センターとして重要な地位を占めるようになっていく。
- In contrast to the decline of paper making because of the difficulty of procuring raw materials caused by the weakening of the administration, Kyoto occupied an important position as the center for paper processing techniques by developing advanced technical skills for processing paper.
- さらに、平安京でうまく行ったとされる山川道澤との対応付けは、江戸時代以降に主張されるようになったものであり、それが一般的な解釈とされるようになったのはようやく明治時代になってからである。
- Moreover, the association of mountain, river, road and lake, as allegedly done well into the Heian-kyo, has been claimed since the Edo period, which became the general interpretation later in the Meiji period.
- これらの楽器や音楽を、同じく彼らの専門音楽であり、はるかに以前から行なわれて来た「平曲」 (平家琵琶の音楽) に対して区別するために「三曲」という言葉が使われ始めたのではないかと思われる。
- It is assumed that the word 'sankyoku' started to be used to distinguish these instruments and music genres from 'hei-kyoku' (music played on heike-biwa, or Japanese lute used as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike Monogatari), their area of expertise, which had been performed for a long time.
- 神輿が神社の所有物であるのに対して、太鼓台は山車と同様に氏子地域からの出し物であることが多く、太鼓台の祭礼における役割は神幸祭のお供や先導(露払い)、および神前での練りによる奉納等である。
- While a mikoshi (a portable shrine) belongs to a shrine, a taikodai as well as a dashi usually belongs to the area of ujiko (shrine parishioners) who donate and maintain it, and the role of taikodai in rites and festivals is to accompany the Shinko-sai Festival (a kind of Shinto ritual; carrying the deity in a mikoshi from a shrine through the community), to lead its parades (tsuyuharai; a forerunner), and to dedicate them before the gods.
- 安土桃山時代以降、茶道の流行にしたがって、古筆が鑑賞の対象として愛好されるようになると、経巻や歌書・消息などの巻子本や冊子装からその一部を切り取って「古筆切」として収集することが流行した。
- After the Azuchi-Momoyama period, when ancient calligraphy came to be enjoyed for appreciation along with the popularity of Sado (Japanese tea ceremony), it became popular to cut out and collect a part of kansubon (books in scroll style) or sasshiso (books) such as scriptures, waka anthologies, and shosoku (letter) as 'kohitsugire' (samples of classical calligraphy).
- 遊牧民族の弓騎兵に対し勝利した欧州国家は数少なく、『ヤクサルティス川の戦い(紀元前329年)』では名将アレキサンダー大王が弓騎兵と戦い打ち負かす事に成功した数少ない歴史的勝利の1つである。
- Few European countries won against the archery cavalry soldiers of the nomadic tribes, and there is one rare example in history where the famous Alexander the Great beat and won a battle against archery cavalry soldiers in 'the Battle of the Yaxartes River' in 329 B.C.
- しかし天文現象をもって災祥を説く行為や国家・天皇を論難して百姓を妖惑する行為、禁書(兵法書など)の習読や殺人・姦盗などの行為に対しては強制的な還俗の上で改めて律令法による処分が加えられた。
- However, those who interpreted astronomical events as good or bad omens, who deceived farmers by criticizing the state or emperor, who studied forbidden books (like strategy books), or who committed murder, rape or theft were punished according to the ritsuryo code after they were forcefully laicized.
- 神として信仰の対象となる程の大天狗には名が付いており、愛宕山の太郎坊、鞍馬山の僧正坊(鞍馬天狗)、比良山の次郎坊の他、比叡山法性坊、英彦山豊前坊、富士山太郎坊、白峰山相模坊、等が知られる。
- The major Tengu that became objects of religion as gods have names, and famous ones include Tarobo of Mount Atago, Sojobo of Mount Kurama (Kurama Tengu) and Jirobo of Mount Hira, as well as Hoshobo of Mount Hiei, Buzenbo of Mount Ehiko, Tarobo of Mount Fuji and Sagamibo of Mount Shiramine.
- その理由として、幕末以降、西欧に流出して評価が高まった日本の絵画が従来の西洋の絵画と区別して「日本画」と呼称されるようになった事に対応して、西洋の刀剣に対して日本刀という呼び方が定着した。
- This is because paintings from Japan increased their reputation being exported to Western countries after the end of Edo period, started to be called 'Japanese paintings' to distinguish them from the traditional Western paintings, and likewise, the term Japanese sword in contrast to Western swords became established.
- 比較的、観光客の多い日中と異なり、夜の京都は地元や宿泊客などの一部に知られるものの、寺社のほとんどは拝観時間の制限もあり、繁華街を除けば東山周辺の小路などが散策の対象になることは少なかった。
- Though Kyoto at night have been known by some people such as local people and hotel guests, different from the daytime with relatively high number of tourists, a narrow path in and around Higashiyama had never been a place to walk except downtown areas, partly because of the limit of opening hours of most temples and shrines.
- しかし折伏は、仏の教えをある程度理解している人、もしくは同門(その宗派)の教えで理解が進んだ人に対して行われる手法であり、仏教を知らない人に使う手法ではない、といった主張や解釈の違いもある。
- However, there are differences of insistence and interpretation that shakubuku is a method to be applied to persons who understand Buddhism to a certain extent or those who have advanced understanding through the teaching of the same sect, and that it should not be applied to those who do not know what is Buddhism.
- 一般的には、サンスクリットのアスラ(asura)は歴史言語学的に正確にアヴェスター語のアフラ(ahura)に対応し、おそらくインド-イラン時代にまでさかのぼる古い神格であると考えられている。
- Generally, asura in Sanskrit exactly corresponds to ahura in Avesta in historical linguistics and is considered to be old divinity that probably goes back to the India-Iran period.
- これらのことから、この教えでしか救われず、他の教えによれば罰あるいは仏罰が出る、などと煽り、自我功利的な教えを宣揚するのは、カルト集団における観念的脅迫でしかない、という反対論や批判もある。
- For these reasons, the agitations that people can be relieved only by a certain teaching and that the belief in other teachings causes punishment or Butsubachi, and enhancements of the self-expedient teaching are opposed and criticized as just ideological threats of cults.
- 職人衆の知行を記している『小田原衆所領役帳』には、永禄二年(1559)の奥書があり、職人頭の須藤惣左衛門の二九一貫に対して、唐紙師の長谷川藤兵衛は四十余の知行を受けていたことが記されている。
- In the 'Odawarashu Shoryoyaku-cho' (a list of salaries for of people of various jobs, made under the orders of Ujiyasu HOJO) with Okugaki (postscript) of 1559, there are descriptions of salaries of craftsmen, such as; about 40 kan (absolute unit of currency) for Tobei HASEGAWA, a kami-shi, in contrast to 219 kan for Sozaemon SUDO, the head of craftsmen.
- 牛丼太郎は牛丼販売継続の方針をしめし、米国産牛肉の在庫がなくなる2月中旬ごろから牛丼への一時的豚肉混合(同年2月中旬-3月中旬頃)やオージー・ビーフへのきりかえ、価格改定等の対応をおこなった。
- Showing its policy to continue gyudon sales, Gyudontaro started to take measure around the mid-February, when it was about to run out the stock of beef; for example, it mixed pork temporarily (from the mid-February to mid-March), switched over to Australian beef, and revised the price.
- 明治6年(1873年)1月1日の改暦後、旧暦時代の日付をそのまま新暦に持ち込んで行事をしようとすると、前述のとおり絶対に1ヶ月程度ずれるので、鯉幟や七夕のように季節感の合わないものが出てきた。
- After the calendar reform of January 1, 1873, people tried to perform events on the same dates as the old calendar, but there were cases in which some events were found unseasonable due to the occurrence of the unavoidable one month difference, as stated above, like Koi-nobori (carp rising, or Boy's Day) and Tanabata (the Star Festival).
- 入札は各方8名が自分の属している以外の二方の受験生に対して入札するものであるが、公平を期するために上芸者のうちその年に助奏をしなかったものが最終回の楽講の前に選ばれてさらに誓状を提出していた。
- The voting was conducted in a manner that each of eight examiners of each one office voted for the examinees of the two offices other than the office to which the examiner belonged and, in order to secure the fairness, those of the advanced-level musicians who did not play in the accompaniment during the year were selected as examiners and these musicians further submitted their written oaths.
- 「歴史を抹殺する者」と「歴史を残そうとする者」の葛藤の間に生まれこの2つの対立する立場が、「真相をうやむやにするためのお伽話」と「真相を明らかにするためのお伽話」を生み出した、と関祐二は語る。
- Yuji SEKI says that two opposing views born out of a struggle between 'those who tried to erase history' and 'those who wanted to protect history' created a 'fairy tale that smoothed out the truths' and a 'fairy tale that clarified the truths.'
- しかし現在でも上座部仏教の教団は、上座部が本当の釈迦の教えを伝えていると主張しており、それに対し大乗仏教側にはその正統性を主張する以下のような論もあるようだが、具体的な反論はあまり見られない。
- The Theravada Buddhism sect claims even now that Theravada transmits the real teachings of Shakyamuni, while the Mahayana side uses the following argument to claim its orthodoxy; however, there are few concrete counterarguments.
- 徳川家康は豊臣政権時代から自領である関東地方を中心に統教権に基づき個別寺院あるいは宗派ごとに対する法規を定めた規制を行ってきたが、これは分国法の延長から幕藩体制の法制への過渡的なものであった。
- Since the time of the Toyotomi government, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA had enforced regulations grounded in tokyo-ken upon each temple or sect in his domain centering on the Kanto region but this policy was only a transitional process from an extension of bunkokuho to the legislation for the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate.
- 弟子の王畿はこれを発展させて心・意・知・物すべて無善無悪だとする四無説を主張したが、同門の銭徳洪は意・知・物については「善を為し悪を去る」自己修養が必要とした四有説を主張してこれに反対している。
- His disciple, O Ki, evolved this to preach shimu-setsu (four containing no-evil theory), which viewed the mind, wish, wisdom, and things as all being no good, no evil, but his colleague, Sen Tokuko, opposed this, advocating shiyu-setsu (four containing evil theory), which viewed that wish, wisdom, and things required self-training to 'be good and fight off evil.'
- 現在の大阪では多くの店でマヨネーズがかけられているのに対し、神戸ではより伝統的なお好み焼きにこだわり、マヨネーズを置かない店も少なからず存在し、また置いていても注文しないと出てこないことも多い。
- Currently in Osaka many shops use mayonnaise, while in Kobe, which sticks with the traditional okonomiyaki, many shops do not prepare mayonnaise and do not serve it without being ordered even if it has been prepared.
- 桜の木は日本全国に広く見られその花は春の一時期にある地域で一斉に咲き、わずか2週間足らずという短い期間で散るため毎年人々に強い印象を残し、日本人の春に対する季節感を形成する重要な風物となっている。
- Cherry trees are seen all over Japan, and since cherry trees in the same region blossom at the same time during Spring and the flowers fall in a short time, often only lasting around two week, the cherry blossoms are very impressive and are seen as an important seasonal symbol for Japanese people and harbingers of Spring.
- 他に札幌市の場合、1998年まではその年に20歳の誕生日を迎える人(例:1998年の場合は1978年の1月から12月までに生まれた人が参加可能)を成人式参加の対象者とする暦年方式が用いられていた。
- In addition, Sapporo City adopted the calendar year method until 1998, in which people who became 20 years old on their birthdays during the year were subject to participation in the Seijin-shiki ceremony (e.g., in the case of Seijin-shiki ceremony held in 1998, people whose birthdays ranged from January to December 1978 could participate).
- 江戸時代になると養殖技術が確立し、東京湾で採れた海苔(紫菜)を和紙の製紙技術を用いて紙状に加工するようになり、現在市販されている板海苔が完成する(これに対して乾燥させない海苔は生海苔と呼ばれる)。
- In the Edo period the cultivation technique was established, the nori (murasaki nori) caught in Tokyo Bay came to be processed into paper-like sheets by using the paper manufacturing technique of 'washi (Japanese paper),' and finally the 'ita nori' on shelves saw the light (contrastingly, undried nori was called 'nama nori (raw nori)').
- また、長徳元年(995年)には、興福寺の仁宗 (僧)に対して暦道と共同で暦を作成するようにという「造暦宣旨」が下されている(興福寺は法相宗であるが、この時代には真言宗との関係も強かったとされる)。
- In 995, 'an imperial decree to make a calendar' with Rekido (scholars of calendar) was given to Ninso (a priest) of the Kofuku-ji Temple (although the Kofuku-ji Temple was a temple of the Hosso sect, it was regarded to have a strong relationship with the Shingon sect).
- これは、修法の会得をしようとせず、経典を写して文字の表面上だけで密教を理解しようとする最澄に対して諌めたもので、空海は密教では経典だけではなく修行法や面授口伝を尊ぶことを理由に借経を断ったという。
- This was a admonition to Saicho, who tried to understand Esoteric Buddhism superficially by making a handwritten copy of Sutra, not mastering the method in esoteric Buddhism; Kukai declined to lend the scriptures insisting that Esoteric Buddhism laid importance not only on scriptures but on ascetic practices and Face to Face Transmission.
- なお、仏事の法要は大抵七日ごとに七回あるのは、審理のたびに十王に対し死者への減罪の嘆願を行うためであり、追加の審理の三回についての追善法要は救い損ないをなくすための受け皿として機能していたようだ。
- Buddhist services for the dead are usually held seven times and each is held every seven days; each service is held to ask Juo to decrease transgression of the dead; it is considered that religious services for the repose of the soul of the dead are done for the additional three trials so that Juo will not fail to rescue all the dead.
- 天台宗に密教の要素を取り入れ、新たな宗派としての地位を高めようとしていた最澄にとって、泰範・空海との訣別により孤立感が深まったことで、南都諸宗に対してより敵対的な姿勢に駆り立てられたともいわれる。
- Saicho tried to heighten the status of new religious school by incorporating the elements of Mikkyo into Tendai sect, but allegedly the break with Taihan and Kukai deepened his isolation and drove him to be more antagonistic towards Nanto sects.
- 西本願寺では、江戸中期の法如宗主時代から宗門の安心(あんじん)をめぐる教義対立が燻っていたが、本如の時代には地方の不満が頂点に達し、本山まで直談判に赴く門徒衆のために京都市中も不穏な状況にあった。
- In Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, from the period of the suzerain Honyo during the middle Edo period, the dispute on religious principle concerning the doctrine Anjin was smoldering, but the local dissatisfaction culminated during the period of Honnyo and Kyoto City was in an unquiet situation by the followers who went to the head temple for direct negotiation.
- そのため『中辺義鏡』の批判対象としては、書名のみ残っている最澄の著書『一乗義集』ではないかとする説、もしくは道忠教団によって書かれたと思われる『天台法華義』とでも称すべき書であったとする説がある。
- Thus, one theory says that the focus of criticism in 'Chuhen gikyo' was 'Ichijogishu' by Saicho which is known only by the name, while the other theory says that the focus was the book which should be named as 'Tendai-Hokke gi' (teachings of Tendai-Hokke sect) which is considered to have been written by Dochu sect.
- 続いて『守護国界章』下巻における三一権実論に対する徳一の反論として『遮異見章』『慧日羽足』が書かれたと思われ、それに対して最澄が『決権実論』で反論、結論の書として『法華秀句』を撰述したと見られる。
- And Tokuitsu wrote 'Shaikensho' and 'Enichiusoku' as a rebuttal to Sanichigonjitsu no soron in the latter volume of 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' and Saicho opposed this in 'Ketsugon jitsuron' and as a conclusion he seems to have written 'Hokke-shuku.'
- 記録に海浜・荒磯・島など海景描写の多いことは日本庭園形成の基幹を位置付けるものとして重要で海からはるかに遠い山国にあっても海景とくに瀬戸内海の美しい風景はこのころから追憶、あこがれの対象であった。
- It is significant that there are many portrayals of sea scenery such as; the seashore, the rough shoreline, and an islan, in records to evaluate it as a nucleus to form Nihon teien, and even in mountainous areas far removed from the sea, ocean scenery, especially from that of the Seto Inland Sea, was an object of remembrance and adoration since that time.
- これに対して、巻物を机の上で広げた際に一目で見渡せる程度の大きさ(横幅50 - 60cm程度)を一画面とし、絵と詞が交互に現れる形式を「段落式構図」といい、『源氏物語絵巻』がその典型的な例である。
- On the other hand, a composition of alternating appearance of a picture and text pages of about 50 to 60 cm width to be overviewed by spreading on a desk is called 'section style composition,' typical example of which is 'Genji Monogatari Emaki.'
- ある年代以上の日本人には「酒も入らない状態で人前で歌うこと」に対する拒絶反応が存在したが、それ以降の世代は(少なくとも気心の知れた仲間同士の前では)屈託なく歌って楽しむという意識が存在していたこと。
- Japanese people of a certain age and over rejected 'singing in front of people without drinking,' but the younger ones enjoyed singing without any inhibition (at least in front of their familiar friends).
- そして、その「性」に立ち戻ること、すなわち「理」を体得することによって大本が得られ万事に対処することができるとし、そのための心の修養法に内省的な「居敬」と外界の観察や読書による「格物」とを主張した。
- He claimed that by returning to such 'nature,' that is, by realizing the 'law,' one can build the foundation and handle everything, and to train the mind for this, he advocated a reflective 'Kyokei' (keep the mind calm with concentrated consciousness at any moment in daily life) and 'Kakubutsu' (perceiving things or reading their information to reach the essential law) through observation of the world outside and reading.
- 当時は両パートをほとんどユニゾンに合わせるだけであったが、文化 (元号)頃に至って大阪の市浦検校により、元の三味線パートに対して異なった旋律を持つ箏のパートが作られるようになり、合奏効果が高まった。
- At that time, both these instruments were simply performed in unison-like style, but in or around the Bunka era, Ichiura Kengyo, a resident of Osaka, started to add the melody part of the koto, which was different from that of the shamisen, and this enhanced the effect of the ensemble.
- そのため、汲み取ったし尿は周辺の海域に投棄されることが多かったが、国際条約によってし尿の海洋投棄が禁止されることになり、下水道の整備や浄化槽の設置に対する補助金制度の拡充などの施策が進められている。
- That was why collected human wastes were often dumped in the surrounding sea areas, but according to an international treaty the dumping of human wastes at sea was banned and the measures such as the improvement of bounty system for the maintenance of sewage lines or the installation of septic tanks have been promoted.
- 真言宗の建て直しを図るが、この強硬策に当然に反発した上下の僧派閥は覚鑁と激しく対立、遂に1140年、覚鑁の自所であった金剛峯寺境内の密厳院を急襲してこれを焼き払ったうえ金剛峯寺追放という凶行に出る。
- He tried to rebuild Shingon sect, but naturally, higher and lower priest factions revolted against his hard-line measures and were bitterly confronted Kakuban, and finally in 1140, they went on a rampage to conduct a raid on Kakuban's living place, Mitsugonin Temple, in the precincts of Kongobuji Temple to burn it, and banished him from Kongobuji Temple.
- そのため、二条師忠は兄であり、天台座主を勤めた経験もある道玄の協力を仰ぎ、伏見天皇即位時に即位灌頂という新たなる儀式を始め、二条家が置かれた苦境から脱し、他の五摂家と対抗することをもくろんだという。
- Therefore, Morotada NIJO asked his older brother Dogen, who had experience as tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), for help and introduced sokuikanjo, a new ritual, on the occasion of the enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi intending to escape from difficult situation which the Nijo Family was forced to suffer and to compete with other members of Gosekke (the five families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and kanpaku).
- アスラは今でこそ悪魔や魔神であるという位置づけだが、より古いヴェーダ時代においては、インドラらと対立する悪魔であるとされるよりは最高神的な位置づけであることのほうが多かったことに注意する必要がある。
- Though Asura is currently positioned as evil or a demon, it should be noted that it was often positioned as the highest-ranking deity rather than the evil conflicting with Indra and others in the older Veda period.
- 日本が大日本帝国として欧米列強に力で対抗しようと国民皆兵を進めてゆく時、古来の剣術の習得を簡便にしたものとしての剣道が旧士族の武士ではない旧制中学生に習得され広まったことは、国民の精神に影響を与えた。
- When Japan, as the Empire of Japan carried on the universal conscription to confront the allied Western powers by force, easy-to-learn Kendo, as derived from time-honored Kenjutsu, was acquired and became popular among students of the old-system junior high schools who were not samurai (warriors) of the former warrior class, and this influenced the national spirit.
- 天明8年(1788年)、天明の大火に遭遇、家屋敷を失うが、他の千家十職がそれまでの家伝や資料なども失った家が多かったのに対し、黒田家は倉だけは焼け残ったため、比較的古い資料を現代まで伝える結果となる。
- In 1788, he lost his estate during the Great Fire of Tenmei, but thanks to warehouse of the Kuroda family which survived, old materials have been passed down through the family to this day, while most of other Senke Jisshoku lost their family traditions and materials.
- このシステムがたとえば、かつて「色のついた酒は減点」といった評価基準から、色も旨味も抜けるだけ抜いた酒ばかり造られた日本酒の歴史淡麗辛口ブームの原因であるとして、批判の対象としている酒類評論家も多い。
- Many liquor critics criticize the scoring system, having an evaluation criterion such as 'deducting points when the sake is colored,' for having brought about the 'tanrei karakuchi' (light, dry, crisp style) sake boom during which sake products with less and less colors and flavors were produced.
- 最も有名なのは吉本興業の漫才コンビ「天津 (お笑い)」の木村卓寛であり、とある流派(テレビで詩吟ネタをやっているのを見た父親から絶対に流派の名前は出すなと言われたため、伏せられている)の師範代である。
- The most famous entertainer who engages in shigin is Takuhiro KIMURA in manzai konbi (comic duo) 'Tenshin,' and he is an assistant instructor of one school (when KIMURA was comically talking about shigin, his father watched it and told KIMURA not to reveal the school name at any cost and so the name is hidden).
- そこでは、「ハレとケ」の関係に新たに穢れという概念を加味するべきではないかということや、論者によって「ハレ」と「ケ」と「ケガレ」(あるいは「ハレ」と「ケ」)に対する捉え方が多様であることが確認された。
- It was confirmed that it might be necessary to add the concept of kegare (impurity) to the 'hare and ke' relationship, and that there were variations in the interpretation of 'hare,' 'ke,' and 'kegare' (or 'hare' and 'ke') among the debaters.
- 一方、大きな経済力を身につけながらも社会的には低く見られていた商人の家庭では、武士に対抗して豪華な武具の模造品を作らせ、幟の代わりに黄表紙の挿絵などを見ると五色の吹流しを美々しく飾るようになっている。
- On the other hand, merchant families, who were seen as being of lower social rank despite their considerable economic power, hired the creation of replicas of luxury arms against the samurai, as well as beautifully decorated five-color streamers instead of nobori, according to illustrations on kibyoshi (an illustrated book of popular fiction whose cover is yellow).
- もっとも無量寿経仏説無量寿経では五逆(父か母か僧の殺害、仏の身体への傷害、教団内の対立惹起、のいずれか)の罪を犯した者と正法を謗る者は四十八願第十八願による救済の対象から除かれることが明記されている。
- However, in Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra there is a description that a person who commits gogyaku (the five heinous deeds, a murder of father, mother, or priest, to hurt the body of Buddha, or to bring a conflict in the religious group) and a person who libels the True Dharma are excepted from the relief of the eighteenth vow among forty-eight vows.
- 法華宗各派における折伏に対する姿勢の違いを見ていくと、身延系(日蓮宗など)では折伏・摂受の二門の状況に応じた使い分けを強調するのに対し、富士系(日蓮正宗など)では、あくまでも折伏を宗祖の正意としている。
- Examining the differences of attitudes toward shakubuku by different schools of Hokkeshu sect, we find that Minobu group (Nichirenshu sect, etc.) emphasizes the separate use of shakubuku and shoju as the situation demands, while Fuji group (Nichiren Shoshu sect, etc.) absolutely considers shakubuku the true intent of the soso (the founder of a religious sect).
- 入信を断った場合に、非合法な物理力の行使による信仰の強制(もしくは拒否)や団体への寄付は勿論、勧誘した側の信仰を反対する親類への弱みに付け込んだ慰謝料を口実とした恐喝等と言った犯罪に発展することもある。
- If the inducement to the religion is rejected, then it may turn to a crime, which is first of all the forced affiliation to (or rejection of) the religion or donation to the organization by exertion of unlawful physical power, or which is blackmail with the excuse of payment for pain and suffering exploiting the weak point of the relatives opposing the religious belief, or the like.
- この横暴ぶりに対して一族や地方の門徒が激しく反発するようになり、やがて享禄・天文の乱と呼ばれる内紛のきっかけを作ったのみならず、この内紛で対立した実の兄弟(蓮如の諸子息)やその家族の処刑・追放を行った。
- Renjun's oppression incurred rebellions by his family and followers in the provinces, and this not only triggered an internal conflict called the Kyoroku-Tenbun War, but also led to the execution and banishment of his own brothers (Rennyo's children) and their families who confronted against Renjun in the internal conflict.
- →これに対して、具体的な定数となる寺院の数に関する記事が全く見当たらず、時代を下っても定額寺に列せられる寺院の記事が見られる(定数があれば、定数を満たせばそれ以上は増やせない筈である)という反論がある。
- Criticisms, however, have been leveled at this theory on the basis that there are no historical documents that mention about specific numbers pertaining to a temple quota and that there are descriptions in histories that read a temple was newly designated as jogakuji in more recent years (if there was a quota, temples cannot be newly designated as jogakuji after reaching the quota).
- しかし、天台宗が円仁・円珍(814年 - 891年)らの後継者に恵まれ、密教化を経て真言宗とともに平安時代にその地位を高めていったのに対し、法相宗の側はこれといった後継者を得ず、次第に衰勢に傾いていく。
- However, the Tendai sect had an advantage in that they had successors such as Ennin, Enchin (814 – 891) and so on and came to heighten their status by becoming Mikkyo with the Shingon sect, while Hosso sect of Buddhism did not have quality successors which gradually led to their decline.
- ところが、江戸時代後期に勃興した国学の中には、神霊の憑依などの霊的現象を淫祠邪教として否定的に捉える学説が現れるようになり、そのような民間習俗と結びつきやすい巫女そのものに対しても否定的な動きが出始めた。
- However, some Kokugaku (study of ancient Japanese literature and culture) theories that rose to prominence in the late Edo period asserted that any spiritual phenomenon including shinrei no hyoi (spirit possession) should be considered as inshi jakyo (evil heresies), which led to a negative campaign against shrine maidens themselves, who tended to be linked with such folkways.
- 裏を返せば、誰が作ってもある程度上手く焼けるそば入りに対し、うどん入りを上手く焼ける者はお好み焼き作りの腕が立つということであり、うどん入りを頼むことでお好み焼き店のレベルをある程度推し量ることが出来る。
- To put it the other way around, while the one containing soba can be grilled well to some degree by anybody, those who can grill the one containing udon well are very good cooks and so you can guess the level of cooking skills of the okonomiyaki shops to some degree by ordering the one that includes udon.
- 更に蓮悟らによって進められた越前国朝倉氏攻め失敗の煽りを受けて越前を追放された本覚寺の蓮恵が蓮悟に対して越前追放を受けた責任を追及しようとしたところ、逆に法主実如に蓮恵の破門を進言して最終的に屈服させた。
- In addition, Rene of Hongaku-ji Temple tried to blame Rengo for his banishment from Echizen Province as a result of failure in attack against the Asakura clan in the province which has been advanced by Rengo and others, but in return, he finally yielded to Rengo who suggested Rene's excommunication to the head of the sect Jitsunyo.
- 明治17年(1884年)、国家によって任命されていた教導職が廃止され、国家による統制を条件に宗派による内部自治が許容され、それに対応した本末制度の改革が行われた(明治17年8月11日太政官布達第19号)。
- In 1884, when the kyodoshoku (evangelist) which had been appointed by the state was terminated, each sect was allowed to have autonomy inside on the condition that they stayed under the control of the state, and reforms of the honmatsu seido were conducted according to this (August 11, 1884 Dajokanfutatsu (administrative order from Dajokan (Grand Council of state)) No.19).
- 唐絵に対する「やまと絵」の語の初出は、藤原行成の日記「権記」の長保元年(999年)10月30日条とされ、そこには「倭絵四尺屏風」に、当時能書として評判の高かった行成が文字を書き入れたことが記録されている。
- The first appearance of 'Yamato-e' as opposed to Kara-e was considered as the section dated December 15, 999 in the dairy of FUJIWARA no Yukinari, 'Gonki,' in which it was recorded that Yukinari, who was famous for good penmanship in those days, wrote letters on the 'Yamato-e yonshaku byobu' (folding screen of 1.2 meter width with Yamato-e).
- スエヒロの当時の社長が、しゃぶしゃぶを始めたきっかけは『夏場に焼肉が売れないため』の対策であり、冬の料理と思われがちなしゃぶしゃぶだが、実際は夏の料理であり、俳句の季語として使うのであれば、『夏』が正しい。
- The president of Suehiro at the time introduced sukiyaki for the reason that 'it was not possible to sell yakiniku (grilled meat) during summertime,' and shabu-shabu, which is often considered to be a winter dish, is actually a typical summer dish.
- 大阪では多くの店でマヨネーズがかけられているのに対し、神戸ではより伝統的なお好み焼きにこだわり、マヨネーズを置かない店も少なからず存在し、また置いていても注文しないと出てこないことも多いが広島も同様である。
- In Osaka many shops use mayonnaise while in Kobe which sticks to the traditional okonomiyaki many shops do not have mayonnaise and even if they have it, it is not often served unless someone specifically orders it and it's the same in Hiroshima.
- これらの称号の起源は明治期において、大日本武徳会が武道に精励した者に対して精錬証を授けたことが後に錬士の称号制定につながっているとされ、達士(後に教士)、範士の称号とともに剣道の称号として成立したことによる。
- The origin of these titles is thought to lie in the fact that the title of seirensho was given to those who practiced very hard in budo, which supposedly led to the entitlement of renshi, and it came into existence as the title of kendo as well as the titles such as tatsushi (later, kyoshi) and hanshi during the Meiji period.
- 明治末期頃は、新しい女性像を提案する画家(上村松園、鏑木清方、池田蕉園、北野恒富など)の台頭や、過去の封建的な女性に対する社会的認知が変化を見せ始めたことが美人画という新しい分類が生まれた一要因とみなされる。
- It is considered that, around the end of the Meiji period, factors such as the rise of new painters who proposed new woman figures (Shoen UEMURA, Kiyokata KABURAGI, Shoen IKEDA, Tsunetomi KITANO, etc.) and changes beginning to be seen in the social cognition of women, which had been feudalistic in the past, contributed to the appearance of bijinga as a new category.
- 11世紀に入ると、仏像を制作する「木仏師」と呼ばれる一般的な仏師に対して、仏教絵画を制作する「絵仏師」という概念が現れるようになるが、「絵仏師」の語が広く用いられるようになったのは鎌倉時代後期とする説もある。
- At the beginning of the 11th century, in relation to the general busshi who carved Buddhist statues and were actually called kibusshi (a sculptor of wooden Buddha statues), the concept of ebusshi who produced Buddhist painting first appeared, but there is a theory that it was actually in the latter half of the Kamakura period that the term 'ebusshi' came into wide use.
- 道具では、弓道もアーチェリーも本質的には同じであるが、アーチェリーの弓には(競技種目にもよるが)多数の補助具(スタビライザー、サイト(照準器)、クリッカーなど)を付けるのに対し、和弓は基本的に弓と弦だけである。
- In terms of tools, Kyudo and archery are essentially the same, but while in archery many supplementary tools (stabilizer, sight (sighting device), clicker, etc.) are attached to the bow (depending on the athletic event), the Japanese bow is basically a bow and string.
- それに対し、和弓は全長が標準で七尺三寸(約221cm)、下から3分の1、弓の中心から見て下部寄りを把持し(上長下短)下から上まで全長に渡ってひと繋がりの構造となっており、全長だけ見れば和弓は世界最大の弓である。
- Meanwhile, the wakyu has a standard length of 221 cm that is biggest in the world by observing just length, the grip being positioned at one-third length from the bottom, lowered as seen from the center of the bow (the longer top and short bottom) and it is made from one unit structure.
- このような時勢の後押しを受け、「釈尊を本仏とする勝劣派」である顕本法華宗(日什門流)「日蓮を本仏とする勝劣派」である本門宗(日興門流)と、日蓮宗が、形式上、それぞれの宗派を解消して対等の立場で合併(三派合同)。
- Against the background of such situation, the three sects including the Kenpon-hokke sect (the Nichiju school) which was 'the Shoretsu school saying Shakya-muni was honbutsu,' the Honmon sect (the Nikko school) which was 'the Shoretsu school saying Nichiren was honbutsu,' and the Nichiren sect formally dissolved each sect and merged on an equal footing (the merger of three schools).
- 従来の炉が調理に手間が掛かっていたために食が賄える人の数はそれほど多くなかったのに対し、竈では高温での連続集中調理で多くの人の食事が賄え、これにより人口の集中が発生、そこに文明が育まれたとみなすことも出来よう。
- While previous cooking hearths could not provide food for a large number of people due to the time and effort required, kamado could supply a lot of people with meals by using high temperature and continuous and concentrated cooking, and this caused the centralization of the population caused by this, and can be seen to have promoted civilization.
- 現代の中国南部および東南アジア北部で見られる歌垣を概観すると、祝祭日(多くの場合、播種前の春先)の夜に10代半ばから20代の男女が集会し、互いに求愛歌を掛け合いながら、対になり恋愛関係になる、といった類型が多い。
- To give an overview of utagaki currently practiced in southern China and northern South-East Asia, the custom is most typically observed in the manner that men and women in their teens and 20s gather together in the evening of a holiday (in many cases, at the beginning of spring) and exchange love songs so that couples may enter relationships with each other.
- ところが、安永3年(1774年)、この事に危機感を持った東本願寺と西本願寺が一致して幕府に対して「浄土真宗」のみを公式名称とするように求める意見書を提出し、仏光寺派・高田派など非本願寺系真宗各派もこれに呼応した。
- However, in 1774, a sense of urgency over the matter grew in both Higashi (East) Hongan-ji and Nishi (West) Hongan-ji Temples, and they cooperated in the submission of a proposal to the bakufu stating that only 'the Jodo Shinshu sect' (written as 浄土真宗) should be used as their formal name; this was seconded by Jodo Shinshu schools other than the Hongan-ji school, such as the Bukko-ji and Takada schools.
- これに対して平安時代後期には儒教教育の中心であったはずの明経道の学生の間にも同様の動きが発生して、勧学会と同日に清水寺において長講会と呼ばれる法会が開かれるようになったことが藤原為房の『撰集秘記』に書かれている。
- During the latter period of the Heian period, it was written in 'Senju-hiki' (literally, collection of secret records) by FUJIWARA no Tamefusa that a similar movement rose among the students of Myogyodo, which once was the center of Confucian education, and a Buddhist meeting called Chogo-e (an Expanding Lecture) was held at Kiyomizu-dera Temple on the same day with Kangakue.
- こうした通説に対し、画の詳細な検討から三像の成立を14世紀の鎌倉末期-南北朝期に求める仮説も出されていた(源豊宗、櫻井清香らの所説)が、1990年代半ばまで上記のような通説は疑いの余地のないものと考えられてきた。
- There was also a tentative theory which assumed the period of drawing of the three portraits as the end of Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in the 14th century based on the detailed examination of the drawing (the theory claimed by Toyomune MINAMOTO and Kiyoka SAKURAI); however, the popular theory stated above had been believed without any doubt until the middle of 1990s.
- しかしながら、玄人の家や素人の入門者の数が相対的に多いシテ方は別として、三役(「ワキ方」「囃子方」「狂言方」)の玄人を目指す者の数は非常に少なく、上述のような伝統的な育成システムの行き詰まりは昭和期には明白となった。
- However, while the number of Kuroto families and amateur pupils of Shitekata is relatively large, only a very few people aspire to Kuroto of Sanyaku ('Wakikata,' 'Hayashikata,' and 'Kyogenkata'), and it became obvious already in the Showa period that the traditional training system described above was no longer effective.
- 日本画の誕生は、明治政府の欧化政策のもとでの西洋文化の急速な流入に対する国粋主義的な危機感と、当時のアメリカ合衆国でヨーロッパ由来の文化との対抗軸を模索していたフェノロサとの出会いと共感が造り出したものかもしれない。
- Nihon-ga may have been a product of a nationalistic feeling of crisis due to the rapid influx of western culture under the Meiji government's westernization policy combined with an affinity felt in the encounter with Fenollosa who sought to create a foothold in America to counter the dominance of European culture.
- 定額寺に指定されるとその内容は寺院によって違いはあるものの、基本的には定額寺のある令制国の国司・講師(国分寺の僧侶の長)は、定額寺に修理料・燈分料を与え、修造の義務、定額僧や年分度者の配置に対する便宜などが行われた。
- Basically, once a temple was designated as jogakuji, the governor or arch-priest (the head Buddhist priest of kokubunji) of the province, where the temple was located, was responsible for the maintenance of the jogakuji through the provision of repairmen and maintenance allowances and for the appointment and arrangement of jogakuso and 'nenbundo-sha' (approved people who enter the Buddhist priesthood), although there were differences among temples.
- 帰国後、最澄は桓武天皇に対し従来の六宗に加え、新たに法華宗を独立した宗派として公認されるよう奏請、天皇没後には年分度者の新しい割当を申請し、南都六宗と並んで天台宗の2名(遮那業・止観業各1名)を加えることを要請した。
- After coming back to Japan, Saicho petitioned the Emperor Kanmu to publicly approve Hokke sect as a newly independent school in addition to the traditional six sects, and after the Emperor died, he petitioned for a new assignment of nenbundo-sha and asked to add two priests in Tendai sect (one in Shana-gyo and one in Shikango (Meditation Course), respectively) as well as Nanto rokushu.
- これは時代が下るにつれて消費者の嗜好が変化し、より低塩分な漬物を求めるようになったことの帰結でもあるのだが、そのため、近年の食品工業的なたくあんに対しては、主に高齢層から、甘い、食感が悪いなどという意見が見受けられる。
- This is in part as a consequence of changes in consumers taste to prefer low sodium pickles over the years, but on the other hand, there have been some feedback mainly from the older consumers on the takuan-zuke in recent years, which seems to be a product of a food engineering process, that it is sweet and has unpleasant texture.
- なお藪内家を象徴する茶室である燕庵は、相伝を受けた者に限り絶対忠実に写すことを許され、また家元で失なわれた際には最も古い写しが家元に寄付されるという定めがあり、このとき摂津有馬にあった写しが移築されて現在に伝わっている。
- Only the successor is permitted to copy Ennan, the tea room which is the symbol of the Yabunouchi family, and only if it is copied absolutely identically, and if the original room at the head of the school is lost, the oldest copy must be donated to the head; the current building was a copy which was located in Settsu-Arima and transferred to the current location.
- 使用する味噌は各家庭によりまちまちだが、地域レベルで見ると相対的に赤味噌が好まれる地域・白味噌が好まれる地域などにブロック化することができ、それがそのままその地域の代表的な味噌の銘柄にもなっていることも多い(味噌を参照)。
- It depends upon each family which miso to use, but looking according to areas there are red miso areas and white miso areas, which have determined the major miso brands by each area (refer to Miso).
- 宇宙構造を理気二元論で説明し、心においても形而上学的な「理」によって規定され、人間に普遍的に存在する「性」と、「気」によって形作られ、個々人の具体的な現れ方である「情」があるとし、孟子に基づいて性は絶対的に善であるとした。
- He described the cosmic structure through Li and Qi dualism, claiming that even in the mind, there is 'nature' which is specified by metaphysical 'law' and exists universally in humans, and 'emotion' which is formed by 'Qi' and is the specific way each individual appears, and that nature is absolutely good, based on Moshi.
- 太夫と三味線によって作りあげられる間の緊迫、言葉や音づかいに対する意識、一曲のドラマツルギーを「語り」によって立体的に描きあげる構成力、そのいずれをとっても義太夫こそは浄瑠璃におけるひとつの完成形であるというにふさわしい。
- Judging by any of the following factors, such as the strained intervals created by the dayu and shamisen, consciousness of words and sounds or the dramaturgy to depict music in three dimensions in the form of 'narration,' Gidayu is worthy of being called the culmination of Joruri.
- 「安くて面白ければよいとする観客、そして狂言作者、役者、劇場のいずれもが、歌舞伎というドラマに対して節度を喪失したこと、上方歌舞伎衰退の原因ではなかったかと思うのである。」(権藤芳一「上方歌舞伎の風景」2005年 和泉書院)
- I believe the causes of decline of Kamigata Kabuki were theater audiences that thought it was enough if the play was interesting and not expensive and the fact that all of Kabuki playwrights, actors and theaters lost moderation with respect to Kabuki as a drama.'('Kamigata Kabuki no Fukei (literally, landscape of Kamigata Kabuki) by Yoshikazu GONDO, 2005, Izumi Shoin)
- それに対し法然は、「源空が信心も、如来よりたまわりたる信心なり。善信房の信心も如来よりたまわらせたまいたる信心なり。されば、ただひとつなり。」(阿弥陀仏からたまわる信心であるから、親鸞の信心と私の信心は同一である)と答えた。
- At that time, Honen taught that since the faith was given by Amida-butsu, Shinran's faith and his faith were the same.
- 盛名を良しとせず隠遁の道を選んだ高僧(冒頭の玄賓僧都の話など)をはじめ、心に迷いを生じたため往生し損なった聖、反対に俗世にありながら芸道に打ち込んで無我の境地に辿り着いた人々の生き様をまざまざと描き、編者の感想を加えている。
- It describes various people's lives very vividly including the tales about a high priest who did not desire fame and chose seclusion (such as the opening story on Genpin Sozu), about a high-ranking priest who failed to reach Ojo (birth in the Pure Land) due to hesitation, and about the common people in this world who devoted themselves to arts and reached Muga no Kyochi (the state of no-self); the writer also wrote his comments in each tales.
- このため、住宅は画一化された様式となり、また畿内、中京、関東地方でそれぞれ畳の寸法が異なり、「京間」の六畳に対して、「中京間」は約0.9「田舎間、江戸間」は0.85の広さと、地方によって部屋の広さが異なるようになっていった。
- Therefore, the style of houses were uniformed, but the dimensions of tatami were different depending upon the regions of Kinai, Chukyo (countries around Nagoya) and Kanto, which led to the difference of the width of a room depending on the regions as the ratio of 'Chukyo-ma' (the room in the Chukyo Region) was 0.9 and the one of 'inaka-ma or edo-ma' was 0.85 against the 6 jo width of 'Kyo-ma.'
- その他、成人式前には、本格的に化粧を始める新成人に対してメイク講習会を行ったりして、自社の化粧品の売り込みを行う化粧品業界の動きがあり、また、式当日に着付けが終わった新成人が記念写真を撮る写真館でも宣伝に力を入れたりしている。
- In addition, there is a movement whereby companies in the cosmetics industry promote their own cosmetics through lectures on makeup for new adults starting makeup in earnest which is held before the Seijin-shiki ceremony, and photo studios where dressed-up new adults take commemorative photos of themselves also make a strong effort in advertising.
- 武家故実の中でも弓馬や軍陣における実践的な故実と幕府や主君の前における儀礼や作法などの故実が存在したが、戦法の変化によって前者は形式的なものになったのに対して、後者は公家故実とも融合して、室町時代に小笠原流や伊勢流が生まれた。
- Within buke-kojitsu, there was practical kojitsu on kyuba (archery and horsemanship) and battle as well as kojitsu on ceremonies and manners for when in front of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or one's lord, and while the former became perfunctory due to changes in military tactics, the latter blended with kuge kojitsu and spawned the Ogasawara school and Ise school.
- これに対する批判として、真言律宗は薬師寺・西大寺_(奈良市)や諸国の国分寺などの南都仏教寺院及びその系列をそのまま継承しており、奈良時代の行基などと同様の南都仏教における既成体制内での動きに過ぎない、とする意見も出されている。
- Some people criticize that as the Shingon-ritsu sect directly succeeded to the temples of Nanto Bukkyo and to its branch temples such as Yakushi-ji Temple, Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) and provincial monasteries of various provinces, and it was merely a movement of Nanto Bukkyo under the conventional system as were the movement in the Nara period including the activities by Gyoki.
- それに対して、川本利恵、中村充一「正座の源流」(東京家政大学紀要第39号 1999年)では、この座り方そのものは「日本諸事要録」(1583年)の記載から、16世紀後半にはすでに下級武士や農民にまで浸透していたことを指摘している。
- On the other hand, 'Origin of Seiza' by Rie KAWAMOTO and Michikazu NAKAMURA (Tokyo Kasei University Journal, No. 39, 1999) points out that, judging from descriptions contained in 'Sumario de las cosas de Japon' (1583), this style of sitting was common among lower-ranking samurai and peasants in the late 16th century.
- もともと成人式は、法律の趣旨にもあるように、一定の年齢に達した青年を行政などが祝福・激励し、これに対して参加者が、責任ある自立した社会人としてより良い社会の創造に貢献していくことを決意し、それを広く社会に啓蒙するためのものだった。
- As stated in the purpose of the Act, the Seijin-shiki ceremony was originally held in order for the administration to cast blessings upon and encourage young people who reached a certain age, and for participants to make up their mind to contribute to creation of a better society as a responsible and independent member of society, and widely spread such influence in society, in response to the blessings and encouragement they receive.
- 中世以降、禅林を中心に水墨画など中国宋 (王朝)・元 (王朝)の絵画が受容され、日本でも水墨画や漢画(狩野派など)が制作されるようになると、これに対して濃彩を特色とした伝統的な描法・様式で描かれた絵画を大和絵と称するようになった。
- After medieval times when the paintings of Sung and Yuan such as ink-wash paintings were accepted mainly by the temples of the Zen sect and ink-wash paintings and pictures of Han (by Kano School, and so on) were produced, the paintings in the traditional style with characteristically dark colors were called Yamato-e.
- 東晋になると、永嘉の乱で亡佚していた『古文尚書』に対して梅サク(ばいさく)が孔安国伝が付された『古文尚書』58篇なるものを奏上したが、清の閻若キョ(えんじゃっきょ)によって偽作であることが証明されている(偽古文尚書・偽孔伝という)。
- In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Bai Saku presented to the Emperor, something called 58 Volumes of 'The Old Text version of Classic of History' with the Commentary of Ko Ankoku (the Commentary of Kong Anguo) attached, for 'The Old Text version of Classic of History' which was lost in the Eika War, but it was proved by En Jakkyo (Yan Ruoju) of Qing that it was forged (they are called the forged Old Text version of Classic of History).
- 通常は、宵山の16日と山鉾巡行・神幸祭の17日、花傘巡行・還幸祭の24日の3日間八坂神社境内で奉納されるが、2006年(平成18年)以降は鷺舞保存会と神社、氏子組織の対立が深まったために行われず、代りに、次項の子鷺踊りが奉納された。
- Usually, the sagi mai is dedicated to the Yasaka-jinja Shrine for three days: in Yoiyama on the 16th, in Yamahoko Junko and Shinkosai on the 17th, and Hanagasa Junko and Kankosai on the 24th; since 2006, the sagi mai has not been performed because the relationship between the Sagi mai hozon kai, shrines, and ujiko soshiki has become worse; instead, Kosagi odori dance has been dedicated to the shrine (described below).
- フェノロサが最初に使った「日本画」という言葉は、西洋から渡来した油彩画に対して、それまでに日本にあった図画全般を単に指すものではなく、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも、日本の中で熟成、独自に発展した様式について言っているものであろう。
- It is thought that the term 'Nihon-ga' used by Fenollosa for the first time did not simply refer to all drawings existing in Japan prior to the arrival of western oil painting, but more specifically to the style which had roots in China and the Korean Peninsula but was developed independently and matured in Japan.
- 1910年の改正競馬規程によって公認競馬以外の競馬は産牛馬組合またはまたは馬匹の改良増殖を目的とする団体が地方長官の許可を得なければ行うことはできないとされた際も、地域の娯楽のために行われる祭典競馬については規制対象から除外された。
- With the Rules and Regulations of Horse Racing revised in 1910, it was stipulated that races other than officially permitted ones could not take place unless permission of local governors was given to Sangyuba Kumiai (Union of horses and cattle) or organizations of which purpose was to improve the breeding or increase horses, however, saiten keiba as a local entertainment was omitted from such restrictions.
- 文様は花鳥風月の刺繍の間に有職文様がまんべんなく全体に散らされている物、また源氏物語などの古典文学や能の風景から画題をとった「御所解」に大分されるが、後述する公家や庶民の着物に対して柄行きの大胆さにかけ、余白を嫌う傾向が挙げられる。
- Though patterns are roughly demarcated to two types; one is yusoku-monyo (traditional design motifs, used either in single units or repeated to create patterns, based on designs from Heian courtly decorations) that are scattered over the whole of kimono between the embroidery of the beauty of nature, and another is that the motif are taken from traditional literature such as the Tale of Genji or scenery of a noh play called 'goshoge,' compared to the kimono of the court nobles and common folks as described later, it seems that the design lacks boldness and there is a tendency to avoid blank space.
- また、後述のモラルに対する批判から、敢えて出席を控えたり、「(荒れている新成人たちと)一緒にされたくない」「単なる目立ちたがり屋な餓鬼の集まり」「(誓いの言葉などで)登場する新成人は関係者の息子、娘」と冷ややかに見ている新成人も多い。
- As participants are often criticized for a lack of morals (see description below), many new adults decide not to participate, or react tepidly to the ceremony, saying: 'we don't want to be regarded in the same way [as violent new adults], ' 'it's just a gathering of kids who want to show off,' or because 'it's unfair that the new adult that recites the vows in the ceremony is usually the son or daughter of someone concerned with the organization of the ceremony.'
- 被害の対策に当たっては、当該団体と対立関係にある宗教宗派に頼ることは避ける(対立関係にある宗教であることを隠した「被害者の会」(例として日蓮正宗主導の創価学会被害者の会や創価学会主導の顕正会被害者の会)が存在するため、注意を要する)。
- In case of asking help for the damage suffered, avoid depending on the religious sect which is opposed to the organization in question (as you should be cautious because there exists 'Victims' Group' which is hiding its religion placed in the opposing relationship, [whose examples are the Soka Gakkai victims' group led by Nichiren Shoshu sect and the Kensho-kai victims' group led by Soka Gakkai]).
- また、全空連の試合規則、いわゆる「寸止め(極め)」ルールに対する不満などから、大山倍達の極真会館に代表されるような、フルコンタクト空手という、直接打撃制スタイル(顔面攻撃を除く)を採用する流派もあらわれ、一大勢力を形成するようになった。
- Also, backed by practitioners who were dissatisfied with the JKF's so-called 'sundome (kime)' match rules, there emerged organizations and circles that advocated full-contact karate--as represented by the Kyokushin Kaikan founded by Masutatsu OYAMA--which was characterized by a direct-attack style (attacks to the face were prohibited), and these organizations came to have power in the karate realm.
- 前述のごとく年分度者の割当を勝ち取り、大乗戒壇の設立など、天台宗を確立して南都仏教に対抗しようとする最澄にとって、法相宗の理論家である徳一を説き伏せることは、天台宗の南都六宗への優位を示すことにも繋がるため、より攻撃的になった面もある。
- As mentioned before, Saicho tried to establish the Tendai sect by winning the assignments of nenbundo-sha, building Daijo-Kaidan and so on in order to oppose the Nanto sects, and since persuading Tokuitsu who was the theorist of the Hosso sect of Buddhism led to the advantage of the Tendai sect over Nanto rokushu, he became more aggressive.
- ただし大正・昭和初期の新日本音楽における邦楽界の洋楽受容が、和声的な書法で作曲しやすい箏を中心としたのに対し、1960年代の洋楽系現代音楽界の邦楽受容においては箏は必ずしも主役ではなく、むしろノイズ的書法で作曲しやすい尺八が中心となった。
- Provided, however, that while Soh music, which is easy to compose by the way of harmony, was mainly introduced into Western music in the case of new Japanese music in the era of Taisho and early Showa, shakuhachi music, which is easy to compose by the way of noise, was mainly introduced, instead of Soh, into the contemporary Western music of 1960s.
- これに対し、明治初年に樹齢100年に達するソメイヨシノが小石川植物園に植えられていたという記録や、染井村(現在の東京都豊島区駒込)の植木屋の記録にソメイヨシノを作出したという記録が発見されたことから、岩崎文雄らは染井村起源説を唱えている。
- Against this theory, given a record stating that Someiyoshino, reaching the age of 100, had been planted in Koishikawa Botanical Gardens, and the record of a gardener in Somei Village (the present-day Komagome, Toshima Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) stating that Someiyoshino was bred, Fumio IWASAKI and others advocate the theory that regards Somei Village as the place of origin.
- 切腹は、近世からは自死のほかに、死刑の方法としても採用されているが、この場合、自分の不始末を自力で処理するため、主君より「賜死」という考えから、誉ある死とされた(これに対して、斬首刑や磔は武士身分がされるべきでない不名誉な刑罰とされた。)
- Since the early modern period, seppuku has been used as a method for not only suicide but also capital punishment, and in such cases permission to die was granted by one's master so that one could atone for misconduct, leading seppuku to become viewed as an honorable way to die (in contrast to beheading and crucifixion which were considered dishonorable punishments not befitting members of the samurai class).
- 最澄の悲願は大乗戒壇の設立であり、大乗戒を授けた者を天台宗の菩薩僧と認め、12年間比叡山に籠って修行させるという構想によって、律宗の鑑真(688年 - 763年)がもたらした小乗戒の戒壇院を独占する南都仏教の既得権益との対立を深めていた。
- Saicho's earnest desire was to establish the building of Daijo-Kaidan (Mahayana ordination center) and those who received Mahayana precepts were admitted as the bodhisattva priest of Tendai sect and they secluded themselves at Mt. Hiei and underwent ascetic training there for twelve years, and due to this scheme he came into conflict with vested interests of Nanto Buddhism which dominated Kaidan-in of the commandment of Theravada Buddhism brought by Ganjin (Jianzhen) (688 – 763) in Ritsu sect.
- 原則的には合議制と同様に合議の結果が尊重されるのが望ましいと考えられ、大抵の場合はそれに基づいた決裁が行われる場合が多かったが、決裁者が絶対的あるいはそれに近い権力を保有していた場合には、独任制あるいは独裁制と変わらなくなる場合があった。
- Basically, it was desirable to value the conclusion of the collegial body the same as the collegial system, and mostly the final decision was made based on it, but if that the odd man had absolute or nearly absolute power, it sometimes became similar to the independent system or despotism.
- 上記の稚児は、古典、近代、等、数多くの文学作品に登場、これらの中でも、繊細、優美、典雅、清楚、可憐、脆弱、等、妙齢の女性と同様の耽美的描写が行われる場合が多い一方、幼さゆえの場違いな発言で僧侶の失笑を買う、等、笑いの対象になる場合もある。
- The chigo mentioned above appeared in many of the classic and modern literature, and they were described as well as young ladies by the words such as sensitive, elegant, graceful, neat and clean, pretty, and fragile, while their comic remarks made by their innocence were met with priests' contemptuous laughter.
- 7世紀も早い頃の制作とされる法隆寺夢殿本尊の救世観音像を見ると、全体に正面性・左右対称性が顕著で、肩に垂れる垂髪は「蕨手状」と称される図式的なものであり、両腕から体側に垂れる天衣は鰭(ひれ)状の突起を表しながら左右方向へ平面的に広がっている。
- When looking at the Kuze Kannon-zo (statue of Kuze Kannon) at honzon of Yumedono (Hall of Dreams) of Horyu-ji Temple, which is considered a work of seven centuries earlier, overall frontality and symmetry are prominent, with the long flowing hair on the shoulders having the diagrammatic style called 'warabite-jo' (literally, having the form of upturned bracken ferns), and the tenne hanging from both arms down the sides of the body spreads flatly in left and right directions, showing fin-like protrusions.
- この布団締めは刺繍などの装飾などによって時代とともに豪華さを増していき、近年の太鼓台では金糸で立体に高縫いされた左右一対のつがいの竜の刺繍が 重の側面のほとんどを覆い隠すまでとなり、重を束ねる帯としての役割から重を飾る飾り面として変化している。
- With the times, these pieces of futon-jime, decorated with embroidery, become more luxurious enough to recently lose the function to bundle the futon as obi (sash for kimono), and to decorate almost all of the four sides of the ju with a brace of three dimensional dragons in symmetry embroidered with gold thread.
- 浄土真宗本願寺8世の蓮如が延暦寺西塔の衆徒により本願寺が破却され、北陸地方に活動の場を求めた時に、布教の対象としたのはこうした一向や一遍の影響を受けて同じ浄土教の土壌を有した僧侶や信者であり、蓮如はこれを「一向衆」(「一向宗」ではない)と呼んだ。
- When Hongan-ji Temple was destroyed by warrior monks from the Saito area of Enryaku-ji Temple, and Rennyo, the eighth head of the Hongan-ji school of the Jodo Shinshu sect, sought to find his way into the Hokuriku region, Rennyo aimed his propagation at the monks and followers who were based in the Jodo teachings under the influence of Ikko Shunsho and Ippen, collectively calling them '一向衆' Ikkoshu, meaning 'the people of Ikkoshu sect', instead of '一向宗' Ikkoshu, the name for Ikko Shunsho's sect.
- 元々は日本刀とほぼ同じ長さであったが、江戸時代末期に試合に有利なため4尺を超える竹刀を使用する者が多く現れ(5尺3寸≒161cmの長大な竹刀を使用した大石進が代表的である)、その対抗上、竹刀の長さは刀より長いものを使用するようになったといわれている。
- Although originally the same length as Japanese swords, towards the end of the Edo period, many people started using shinai over 1.2 meters long since it gave them an advantage in tournaments (the famous Susumu OISHI used a very long shinai of 5 shaku 3 zun, or about 161 cm), and due to the above situation it is said that people began to use shinai longer than swords.
- 信仰の対象としては、西塔・根本大塔には両部(金剛界・胎蔵界)大日如来を祀り、御影堂(みえどう)(弘法大師御住坊・現在は、真如様(しんにょよう)の弘法大師御影(絵像)を祀る)・不動堂などの伽藍・諸堂がある壇上があり、弘法大師入定の地・奥の院御廟は聖地。
- As the objects for worship, Dainichi Nyorai of both Kongokai (spiritual principles) and Taizokai (physical principles) are enshrined in Saito (literally, Western Tower) and Konpon Daito (literally, Primal Tower), and there is a danjo (platform for religious practice) on which Garan and halls such as Miedo Hall (It was a dwelling of Kobo Daishito and now enshrines Mie (image) of Kobo Daishi) and Fudodo Hall are built, and the mausoleum of Kobo Daishi in Okunoin, where he attained Nirvana, is the sacred place.
- しかし一方では、最澄の教法に対する価値論に対し徳一は仏法理解の先天的素質論を述べており、両者の論争の焦点があまり噛み合っておらず、議論そのものも詳細というよりは瑣末的であり、時折相手側への罵倒に近い表現も見られる(後述)など、すれ違いの印象も与えている。
- However, on the other hand, Tokuitsu stated the theory of inherent disposition to understand Buddhist law against value theory for doctrine by Saicho, and the focus of the dispute on both sides was not in the right ballpark; as for the dispute itself, it was trivial rather than detailed and sometimes the expressions near to the abuse against the other were seen (as below) and gives an impression of not interlocking.
- 技術的には、アーチェリーは矢を(身体から見て)弓の左に番え、弦は右手人差し指、中指、薬指で引く「地中海式」をとるのに対し、弓道は矢を弓の右に番え、取り掛けは右手親指根で弦を引っ掛けるようにして保持する「蒙古式(モンゴル式)」をとる(弓術諸外国弓術との比較)。
- Technically, archery uses the 'Mediterranean style,' in which the arrow is fixed on the left side of the bow (as viewed from the body) and the string is drawn with the index, middle and third fingers of the right hand, while Kyudo uses the 'Menggu (Mongol) style,' in which the arrow is fixed on the right side of the bow and torikake (gripping of the bowstring with the right hand) is maintained by hooking the string with the base of the right thumb (see the comparison with archery of foreign countries in Kyujutsu).
- また三味線音楽が遊里との結びつきも持っていて、どちらかといえば三味線が庶民の楽器として普及したのに対し、箏曲は王朝文学に取材したものが多いなど高雅な精神性を持ち、このため武家では「高尚な音楽」として、箏は武家の娘のたしなみ(アマチュア)としてもてはやされた。
- While shamisen developed as a kind of ordinary people's musical instrument because shamisen music linked with the red-light district, Soh music was regarded as 'music of high spirituality' by samurai families because many pieces were created based on dynastic style literature, and it was praised as an essential achievement for the daughters of samurai families (amateur).
- 一般的には即位式の前に摂関家、主に二条家の人物から天皇に対して印相と真言が伝授される「印明伝授」と呼ばれる伝授行為と、即位式の中で天皇が伝授された印明を結び、真言を唱える実修行為を併せて即位灌頂と呼んでいるが、印明伝授と即位灌頂の実修を明確に区別する研究者もある。
- Generally, sokuikanjo referred to the acts combining an act of initiation called 'inmyodenju' and the practice of the teaching; the former was what a person from Sekkan-ke (families that produced the regent and chief adviser to the emperor), usually from the Nijo family, taught the emperor the mudra (Hand Gestures) and the mantra before the enthronement ceremony, and the latter was what the emperor made the initiated mudra and chanted the initiated mantra; but some researchers clearly distinguish between the inmyodenju and the practice of sokuikanjo.
- だが、中国では、仏教の出家が「家」の秩序を破壊するなど、儒教論理に合わないとされ迫害されたのに対し、日本では「鎮護国家」の発想の下、「僧尼令」や僧綱・度牒制度が導入されて官僚組織の一員とまで化したのは興味深いことだと言える(僧正・僧都などは律令制で定められた僧官)。
- However, it is interesting that, while in China the priesthood was persecuted for opposing Confucian ethics by destroying the order of the 'family', in Japan it was incorporated into the bureaucracy through the 'soni-ryo' and the Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) and official certification system under the concept of 'nation protection' (priests with ranks such as 'Sojo' or 'Sozu' were government officials, or 'sokan', literally 'priest officials', under the Ritsuryo system).
- また、仮に需要があったとしてもそもそも銅の生産量が絶対的に少なかった当時の日本では実物貨幣に代わるだけの銅銭の製造は始めから困難であった(銅鉱の発見を機に元号を「和銅」と改めてしまう程当時銅は貴重であり、また後述のように時代が下るにつれて急速に品質が悪化している)。
- Also, even if there had been enough demand, the volume of copper production had been absolutely small, which made it impossible, from the beginning, to supply sufficient copper coins and substitute material money then-current in Japan (copper was so precious then in Japan that its era was renamed 'Wado (literally, Japanese copper),' upon discovery of copper ore mines, and, as described afterward, the quality of copper coins had rapidly deteriorated as time went on.)
- 実際に日本中世において正統と見なされた宗教は、平安時代以来密教を基軸に統合された顕密の仏教であり、旧仏教八宗は併立していたのではなく、密教に見ることが出来る鎮魂呪術的信仰という共通の基盤の上に密教の絶対的・普遍的真実性を前提とした競合的な秩序を形成していたものである。
- The kenmitsu taisei theory claims that the authentic religion in medieval Japan, in fact, was kenmitsu Buddhism, which had been integrated under the umbrella of Esoteric Buddhism after the Heian period, and eight old Buddhism sects did not co-exist but formed a competitive order built on the absolute and universal truth of Esoteric Buddhism while sharing as the common foundation the characteristics peculiar to Esoteric Buddhism: prayers for peace of souls and ritualistic faith.
- 韓国併合ニ関スル条約(1910年) 韓国皇帝及び韓国皇族に相当な尊称、威厳及び名誉を享有させること等が約され、s前韓國皇帝ヲ册シテ王ト爲シ皇太子及將來ノ世嗣、太皇帝及各其儷匹ノ稱呼ヲ定メ竝ニ禮遇ノ件により、前韓国皇帝に対して「王」の身分が与えられる等した(王公族制度)。
- The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty (1910): The Emperor of Korea and the imperial family were entitled to suitable honorific titles, authority and honor, and in accordance with the Act, which acknowledges the former Emperor of Korea as King, establishes titles for each prince, future successor, and the empress, and treats them with courteous reception, the status of 'king' was granted to the former emperor of Korea, a system known in Japanese as Okozoku.
- 多数のプリント基板が組み込まれた装置で故障と疑われる特定の基板を引き出し、その基板と同一サイズのものに接栓(せっせん)を付け、装置との接栓間に一対一の延長線を設け、オシロスコープやアナログマルチメータなどで回路の動作を観測し故障診断分析を行う時に使用する延長線基板の俗称。
- Geta is a common name of a board with extension wires which is used when diagnosing and analyzing a failure through processes of drawing a specific board suspected to have a failure among multiple printed-circuit boards incorporated in a device, attaching a connector to a same-sized printed-circuit board as such circuit board, establishing a one-to-one extension wire between the device and the connector, and observing the performance of a circuit with an oscilloscope or analog multimeter.
- 平安時代の『小右記』によれば、朝廷の会議での多数意見が関白藤原頼通の反対によって否認されて頼通が支持した少数意見による方策が実施されたケースがあり、時代が下って鎌倉幕府でも評定衆が全員一致で反対した日蓮に対する恩赦が決裁者である執権北条時宗によって実施されたケースがある。
- According to the 'Shoyuki (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)' in the Heian period, there was a case where the major opinion in the conference of the Imperial court was denied by the opposition of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, a chief adviser to the Emperor, and another minor opinion supported by Yorimichi was implemented, and in another case more recently, amnesty for Nichiren, which was opposed by all hyojoshu (chamber of government affairs and justice) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was implemented by Tokimune HOJO, a regent to the shogunate, who was the odd man.
- これについて、先例の存在や天皇の自由意思を尊重するべきであることを理由として生前の退位を容認すべきとの意見もあるが、退位後の天皇の処遇(財政的、政治的位置付けの問題。特に後者は院政の問題)や皇位継承の複雑化及び後継者の不足による皇統断絶の可能性などの点から反対の意見が強い。
- There are views that say abdication before death should be allowed, based on respect for the Emperor's free will and the existence of former examples, but there are strong opposing views because of the issues of how the Emperor should be treated after his abdication (financial matters and issues on his position in the political administration. The latter, in particular, is a problem of political administration by the retired emperor), complications in the succession to the Imperial Throne, and the possibility of the extinction of the Imperial Line due to the lack of a successor.
- この4つを総称して爾前(法華経より前)の妙といい、法華の妙と対比すると説明し、五時八教の教相判釈五時八教説(天台)では、浄土三部経は方等部に位置づけられるから、方座「第三」の妙と言うべき所を、方座「第四」の妙と嘘をつき、捨てるか捨てないのかと質問した詐欺師だ、などと判じている。
- It was described that these four 'Myo' were collectively called 'the Myo before the Hokkeshu sect,' as opposed to 'the Myo of the Hokkeshu sect,' and as the three sutras in the Jodoshu sect are categorized in Hotobu according to the categorization called Gojihakkyosetsu, the Jodoshu sect should have said 'the third' Myo of Hoza in the debate but they intentionally used the wrong expression 'the fourth' Myo of Hoza in asking the Hokkeshu sect whether or not they would abandon the Myo.
- これはまた、摂関が大嘗会で行われる神膳供進の儀で、天皇に儀式の進め方を伝授することが摂関の大きな存在意義となったことをヒントにして、摂関が即位する天皇に対して儀式の作法を伝授する、新たなる密教儀式を取り入れたことを意味しており、即位灌頂は摂関の存在意義の一つとなっていくことになる。
- In addition, taking the fact that it became large significance of existence for Sekkan to teach the emperor how to proceed the ceremony at the shinzengushin ritual in Daijoe as a hint, Sekkan incorporated a new ritual of Esoteric Buddhism that he taught the manner of a ceremony to the newly enthroned emperor, and sokuikanjo became one of significant existence of Sekkan.
- また、昭和40年代に教義解釈や宗門の運営、財産問題などを巡り、改革派が主導する宗派内局(当局)と大谷家との間に激しい対立(お東騒動)が生じると、演慧は改革派にも理解を示し、改革派内局のもとで参務(大臣に相当)や式務部長などの要職にも就き、内局と大谷家との調整役を果たしたといわれる。
- It is said that when a conflict (Higashi-sodo Strife) occured from 1965 to 1974 between Naikyoku (intra-ministerial bureau) of the religious school led by the reformers and the Otani family over the interpretation of creed, operation of doctrine, and property issues, Ennei exhibited an understanding to the reformers, held important positions such as Sanmu (equivalent to the minister) and Shikimu-bucho (general manager of the Ceremony Performance Division) in Naikyoku of the reformers, and then played a coordinating role between Naikyoku and the Otani family.
- この観点より、真言律宗がどの新仏教宗派よりも先に国家公認の戒壇に代わる独自の戒壇を樹立して独自の授戒を開始し、社会事業を通じて非人などの社会的弱者を救済し、あるいはこれまで国家から授戒を拒否されてきた女性(尼)への授戒を認めるなど、個人の救済を通じて社会に対する布教を行った事実を指摘した。
- From these points of view, he pointed out the facts that the Shingon-ritsu sect established original Kaidan (platform for Buddhist rite of giving the commandments) for the official Kaidan which had been designated by the nation to give people the commandments independently, and taught people through 'the relief of the individual' including the relief of the socially vulnerable people such as hinin (the people at the lowest rank in Japanese caste system of the Edo period) by conducting social works, and the approval for giving the commandments to women (nun) who had been forbade to receive them by the nation.
- また、祇園祭は1966年(昭和41年)まで「前祭」(7月17日)と「後祭」(7月24日)の2回に分けて山鉾巡行を行っていた経緯があり、「前祭」では山に加え豪華絢爛な鉾が多数巡行するのに対し、「後祭」では鉾の巡行が無く山のみの巡行で、小規模であることからこの諺が言われるようになったという説もある。
- In addition, it is also said that the proverb began based on the fact that before 1966 the Gion Matsuri Festival included the 'Saki no Matsuri' (an event before the main festival) (July 17) and the 'Ato no Matsuri' (July 24), each for the Yamahoko Junko: in the 'Saki no Matsuri,' a number of gorgeous decorative hoko floats as well as yama floats were paraded, whereas the 'Ato no Matsuri' had a smaller parade of only yama floats.
- 近年、大東流や合気道での使用法の影響で、特に素手の武術、武道において相手の力に力で対抗せず、相手の“気”(攻撃の意志、タイミング、力のベクトルなどを含む)に自らの「“気”を合わせ」相手の攻撃を無力化させるような技法群やその原理を指すようになった(剣道や古来よりの武器術では元来の意味で使われる)。
- In recent years, influenced by its use in Daito school and aikido, it refers to the techniques and principles of disabling the opponent's attacks by 'matching the 'qi'' of oneself to the 'qi' (including the will to attack, timing and vector of force) of the opponent, instead of competing against the opponent's force with force, especially in martial arts using bare hands (it is used for its original meaning in kendo (the Japanese art of fencing) and in the ancient arts of weaponry).
- 「勝鬘経(しょうまんぎょう)」では「我得力時。於彼処見此衆生。応折伏者而折伏之。応摂受者而摂受之。何以故。以折伏摂受故令法久住」と説き、折伏が相手の間違いを厳しく責めて「破折屈伏(はしゃくくっぷく)」させることに対し、摂受は相手の間違いをいったん容認して、穏やかに説得しその間違いを正していくことをいう。
- According to 'Shoman-gyo', it is stated as follows: While shakubuku is to crush and force a person to submit his own misunderstanding by torture, shoju is to accept one's misunderstanding and then calmly correct it.
- 推古天皇期に創建された厳島神社は、空間的特徴は海上に浮かぶ大鳥居と平舞台、本殿を結ぶ軸線に対し、曲折する回廊が取り囲み、自然に溶け込む社殿や大鳥居がアプローチにしたがって見え隠れする配置で、海を庭園の池泉に見立て、背後を囲む山岳を神体に見立てたもので、海と山を一体的に取込んだ雄大な風景が組みこまれている。
- The spacious characteristics of the Itsukushima-jinja Shrine, originally constructed during the period of the Empress Suiko regnant, were seen in its design, first, a large torii and plain stage appeared on the sea and second, a corridor (a covered passageway) that turns, surrounds an axis connecting a large torii (gateway to a Shinto shrine) and the main shrine, and third, buildings of the shrine and the large torii that blends with the surrounding nature can be seen off and on as viewers approach, which imitate the sea, pond, spring, and the mountain behind the shrine as an object in which the soul of a god dwells, and it becomes a massive view in scale that merges the sea and mountains into one unit.
- 段仕込み(だんじこみ)とは、日本酒の醸造工程の一つである日本酒醪(もろみづくり)において、その前の工程で造られた日本酒酒母(しゅぼ)もしくは酛(もと)へ、日本酒麹と日本酒蒸しマイを三段階に分けて加えていくことによって、酵母に対して適応可能なゆるやかな環境変化を与え、その活性を損なわないようにする工夫のこと。
- Danjikomi is one of the brewing steps and means of making unfiltered Japanese sake where the yeast and rice are added over three steps to the yeast mash or moto (another term for sake producing yeast) to provide a mild environmental change for yeast to adapt to while not losing its productivity.
- また、各都道府県の酒造組合によっては、自主鑑評会や利き酒会、フェアやフェスタのような機会に、「消費者に自分のところの酒を燗で提供したい蔵は、主催者としては燗にする機材を会場に設置しないので、各自ポットなどで燗酒を用意して来られたし」といった具合に、昔ながらの燗酒本位の造りをする酒蔵に対して冷淡な組合も存在する。
- Among prefectural sake brewers associations, there are certain associations that are not favorable to breweries that produce traditionally sake to be taken warm saying on the occasion of autonomous kanpyokai, kikizakekai (sake tasting party), fairs and fiesta telling 'Any brewery that wishes to serve its sake warm, warmed sake should be brought with brewer's own pot because the organizer does not provide any tool or materials for warming sake.'
- 一方、釈迦の教えを忠実に実行し、涅槃(輪廻からの解脱)に到ることを旨とした上座部仏教に対し、それが究極においてみずからはどこまでも釈迦の教えの信奉者というにととどまるもので、自身が「仏陀」(如来)として真理を認識できる境地に到達できないのではないかという批判的見地から起こった仏教における一大思想運動という側面もある。
- On the other hand, it can be seen as a major thought shift in Buddhism occurring from a standpoint of criticism against Theravada Buddhism, which includes the principle of devoted practice of the teachings of Shakyamuni in order to attain nirvana (deliverance from the wheel of life); as the practitioner ultimately remains no more than a believer of the Buddha's teachings, one cannot reach the state of recognizing the truth as a 'Buddha' (Nyorai (Tathagata)).
- 「侘び・寂び」に対する理解も次第に変質し、美しい石灯籠を「完璧すぎる」とわざと打ち欠いたり、割れて接いだ茶碗を珍重するなど、大衆には理解し難い振る舞いもあって、庶民の間で「茶人」が「変人」の隠語となる事態も招いた(禅の極端化にも共通する過度の精神主義であるし、「粋な自分」を誇示する、本来の茶道とは外れた行為でもある)。
- The understanding of 'wabi (taste for the simple and quiet) or sabi (quiet simplicity)' gradually changed, behavior, like breaking a beautiful stone lantern for being 'too perfect,' treasuring a tea bowl that was repaired after being cracked, became incomprehensible for the masses that it made locals to call 'chajin' (a man of tea) as 'henjin' (abnormal man) (it had a close resemblance to extreme Zen and excessive spiritualism and was a behavior far removed from the original sado).
- しかし、上方の「粋(すい)」が恋愛や装飾などにおいて突き詰めた末に結晶される文化様式(結果としての、心中や絢爛豪華な振袖の着物など)、字のごとく純粋の「粋(すい)」であるのに対し、江戸における「いき」とは突き詰めない、上記で解説した異性間での緊張を常に緊張としておくために、突き放さず突き詰めず、常に距離を接近せしめることによって生まれると言われる。
- However, while the 'sui' of Kamigata refers to the cultural pattern that crystallizes after love, decorations, and so on have been thoroughly thought through (resulting in things such as a lovers' suicide or a luxurious kimono) and is literally the 'sui' of junsui (purity), the 'iki' of Edo is said to be the result of constantly getting closer, without becoming detached or attached, in order to keep the above-described sexual tension alive.
- 各地の戦国大名に対抗して教団の統率力を高めた事は評価されるものの、後に驕りから顕証寺と布教地域が重複していた教団内の有力寺院である堅田本福寺_(大津市)に3度(1518年・1527年・1532年)も無実の罪を着せて破門するなどの専横を見せるようになった(破門は本来法主にしか許されていなかったが、蓮淳は証如の後見人としての職務代行を利用して破門を行った)。
- While his efforts in enhancing the religious community's leadership against Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in various places were appreciated, Renjun later turned tyrannical out of arrogance, falsely charging and excommunicating three times (in 1518, 1527 and 1532) Katada Honpuku-ji Temple (Otsu City), which was an influential temple within the religious community and had fields of propagation overlapping those of Kensho-ji Temple (originally only the head of the sect was allowed to pronounce excommunication, but Renjun took advantage of the vicarious execution of duties as the guardian of Shonyo and thus pronounced excommunication).
- 『選択集』の中で、「大集月蔵経云我末法時中億億衆生起行修道未有一人得者(『大集月蔵経』にのたまはく、「わが末法の時のうちの億々の衆生、行を起し道を修せんに、いまだ一人として得るものあらじ」(『浄土真宗聖典七祖篇』(原典版・註釈版)』本願寺出版社より引用)と『安楽集』より引用し、対極にある「聖道門」の主教が困難で、証し難いことを示し、聖道門を捨て浄土門に入る根拠とした。
- Citing that 'Daiju gatsuzokyo' shows 'Though so many people in Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) practice and learn, no one has achieved.' ('Jodo Shinshu Seiten (Shichiso hen) (original version and commentary version)', cited from Hongwanji Publishing Company) from 'Anrakushu' in 'Senchaku-shu' (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow) to show that the opposite 'Shodo-mon' was difficult to be the main doctrine and to prove, he considered this as the reason to enter Jodo-mon instead of Shodo-mon,.
- 明治時代に制定された皇室典範において皇位継承は天皇の崩御(死亡)を前提としているため、現行法では生前退位は出来ないと解釈されている(明治の皇室典範制定時に皇位継承を崩御時に限定したのは、天皇と政府が対立した時に天皇が退位をもって政府を圧迫するのを防ぐ意図もあったとされている。また、第二次世界大戦後に昭和天皇が退位を検討したとも言われているが、内外の反対で立ち消えとなった)。
- According to the Imperial House Act established during the Meiji Period, succession to the Imperial Throne presumes the death of the Emperor, and therefore, it is interpreted that, under the existing law, abdication is not possible while an emperor is still alive (it is said that, when the Imperial House Act was established, the reason for this limit was to prevent the Emperor from abdicating and thereby pressuring the government if there was a confrontation between the Emperor and the government. Also, it is said that Emperor Showa considered abdicating after World War II, but because of opposition from all sides this issue faded away).
- 論争において最澄は、しばしば非常に激烈な表現を用いて論敵を攻撃しており、たとえば『守護国界章』において最澄は、非難の対象である徳一のことを「麁食者(そじきしゃ。粗末な食べ方をする者、半可通のこと)」「謗法者(ほうぼうしゃ。賢しらに法を曲げる者)」「北轅者(ほくえんしゃ。南に行こうとして牛車・馬車の轅(ながえ)を北に向ける者。方角もわきまえぬ者)」などの蔑称で呼び、本名の徳一で呼ぶことは一切ない。
- In the dispute Saicho attacked the opponent by using fiery expressions and as an example in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' Saicho called Tokuitsu who was the focus of criticism in a pejorative manner, 'sojikisha' (people who have a superficial knowledge and eat humbly), 'hobosha' (people who disparage the dharma), 'hokuensha' (people who turn the shafts of gissha (ox-drawn carriage) or horse-drawn buggy to the north even though they go to go to the south because he cannot understand the direction) and never called Tokuitsu by his real name.
- またその形稽古の技法が「片手取り」(攻撃者が相手の手首を掴みに来る)「正面打ち」(攻撃者が手刀を振りかぶって打って来る)など、現代の現実の格闘場面では考え難い攻撃法に対処する形になっている(これは合気道の元になった古流柔術が帯刀を前提とした時代のものであり、「抜刀しようと刀の柄に掛けた手を押さえる→片手取り」「刀で斬り掛かって来る→正面打ち」などの場面を想定した稽古法であったことに由来すると言われている)
- Furthermore, the techniques of kata training such as 'katatedori (the attacker grabs the opponent's wrist), 'shomen-uchi strike' (the attacker swings down a tegatana to hit) are forms of response to attacks that are unlikely in today's actual fights (this is due to the fact that old-style jujutsu, which was the origin of aikido, was from the age when a sword on a belt was used, and such training simulates scenes such as 'holding down the hand that was placed on the grip of the sword to draw it, i.e., katatedori' and 'being swung down a sword, i.e., shomen-uchi strike).'
- したがって、信長が日蓮法華宗を不当に弾圧したという歴史学上の見解には疑義が提出されているが、一方では、信長の陰謀というより、かねてから法華宗をどう諌めようか想定していた所へ、折も折、法論を契機として、それを口実にして乗っかっただけ、という指摘や、その後浄土真宗の一向一揆に対して行ったような大規模な弾圧が行われていないことより、経済的に豊かであった日蓮法華宗寺院及び信者から矢銭を調達するための策略であったとする指摘もされている。
- Therefore, a doubt has been cast on the historical opinion that Nobunaga wrongfully oppressed the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect, but on the other hand, there are other opinions, including one that Nobunaga had thought he should have somehow remonstrate the the Hokkeshu sect and he found a timely opportunity in the debate and he decided to merely take advantage of that instead of laying a plot; and that as the Nichiren Hokkeshu sect and its followers were rich, Nobunaga plotted to raise his war funds from the sect and followers, which was why he did not seriously oppress the sect unlike his actions on the Ikko-ikki uprisings of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) that occurred later.
- 「刃中の働きは元から切っ先までむらなく”匂い口が締まってサーッと消え入りそうに刃先に向かう”のが最大の特徴であり、匂い口を締て刃中を働かせていいることなど古刀期ならではの技量であり、地鉄の良さが平安・鎌倉(”二流工”の意味)をも凌ぐと武家目利の興趣は絶賛しており、兼定に始まって兼定に終わるとさえ云われている、孫六兼元のような”変化の激しさ”とは対照的に”静寂”な作風である、之定銘の作は素人受けする派手な刃紋が多い、銘は自身銘であり、銘切師には一切切らせておらず”奥義”のある銘振りである。
- The effect of the blade is even from the base to the tip, and 'Nioi-kuchi (small particles of Martensite) is tight and turns into the blade tip like it's disappearing quickly' as the greatest characteristic, and tightening Nioi-kuchi and having an effect of the blade feature are typical techniques of the Koto (Old Swords) period, and Kyoshu, a samurai connoisseur highly praised its fine steel for surpassing Heian and Kamakura (they are supposed to be second-class craftsmen), and it is even said that it all comes down to Kanesada; Contrary to the 'wide change' seen in Magoroku Kanemoto, it has a 'serene' work style; most of the works with the inscription of Nosada have fancy blade patterns which amateurs like; the inscription is done by himself, without an inscriber, which makes the inscription 'deep.'
- 信三郎は、「第2の遺言書」の作成時点では既に脳梗塞のために要介護状態で書くのが困難であった事、「第1の遺言書」が巻紙に毛筆で書いて実印を捺印しているのに対して、「第2の遺言書」が便箋にボールペンで書かれていること(但し、法律上は用紙は関係ない)、捺印している印鑑が「一澤」ではなく信太郎の登記上の名字「一沢」になっていることから、当時社長だった三男・信三郎は信太郎が保有する「第2の遺言書」の無効確認を求め提訴する(故・信夫の弟で、当時専務であった元社長・恒三郎も同様の疑問を投げかけている)。
- The third son Shinzaburo (then president) filed a suit seeking reversal of the 'second will' which Shintaro owned, based on that: at the time of creating the 'second will,' Nobuo, who suffered a stroke, did not have the capacity to draw up a will while under conditions requiring nursing care; in contrast to the 'first will' written with a brush on rolled paper with a registered seal, the 'second will' was written with a ballpoint pen on letter paper (note that the form of paper is not a legal issue); and the seal placed on the second will was not 'Ichizawa (一澤),' but 'Ichizawa (一沢)' which was the registered family name of Shintaro (Tsunesaburo (the former president, then executive director), the younger brother of the late Nobuo, also made the same argument).
- 呼称は、柔術に対する講道館の柔道を参考に、明治32年に武術再興のため設立した大日本武徳会が江戸時代以来の剣術や撃剣を学校の体育教育に採用できるよう稽古法を改め、大和心(大和魂)など精神修行とする(高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)ため、名称を大正8年(1919年)ごろ剣道としたという記録に残っており、明治末から大正初期ごろに成立したものらしい(なお剣道という用語は、例えば寛文7年(1667年)安倍立伝書に剣術は日用の術なので剣道という号にするという表現がみえるなど、江戸時代にも流派によっては使われたこともある)。
- The name 'Kendo' seems to have been established in or around the end of Meiji period to the early Taisho period, as it recorded that Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, which was established in 1899 to restore Bujutsu, using examples from Jujutsu versus Judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute, established the Kendo name in around 1919 so that Kenjutsu and Gekken, which were handed down from the Edo period, would be introduced into physical education in the school system by changing the training methods and making it a form of mental training such as Yamato-gokoro (Japanese spirit) (Yamato-damashii [Japanese spirit]) (a poem of Sasaburo TAKANO describes, 'Kendo is a God-instructed way; this technique refines Yamato-gokoro') (the term 'Kendo' was used by some schools as early as the Edo period; for instance, Abe-tate densho (book) in 1667 described that since Kenjutsu was for daily use the name of Kendo would be used).