寺院: 2000 Terms and Phrases

• 寺院
• temple
• Temples
• Buddhist Temples
• Temples and Shrines

• 大寺院
• large temple

• 寺院。
• Jiin (temples).

• 寺院法
• Jiin-ho

• 寺院内
• Temple precinct

• 回教寺院
• mosque

• 門跡寺院
• Monzeki Temples

• 一般寺院
• Temples
• Local temples
• The branch temples

• 主要寺院
• Major Temples

• 由緒寺院
• Historical Temples

• 寺院周辺
• Neighboring temples
• Nearby Attractions
• Nearby Schools
• Nearby Institution
• Neighborhood around the Temple
• The area around Hogo-ji Temple
• Surrounding Area
• Surroundings of the Temple
• Nearby temples and shrines

• 寺院建築
• Temple architecture

• 前身寺院
• Predecessor Temples

• 塔頭寺院
• Tatchu (sub-temples)

• 人民寺院
• Peoples Temple

• 太陽寺院
• Order of the Solar Temple

• 神殿･寺院
• temple

• 著名な寺院
• Famous temples

• 寺院諸法度
• Jiin Sho-Hatto

• 神社、寺院
• Shrine and temple

• 寺院の称号
• Ingo as a title of a temple

• 寺院の縁起
• Engi (writing about the history) of temples

• 日本の寺院
• A Japanese Temple
• Buddhist temple

• 寺院の巫女
• Miko in Buddhist temples

• 神道の寺院
• Shinto temples

• ブサキ寺院
• Mother Temple of Besakih

• スクー寺院
• Sukuh

• ワシリー寺院
• Vasily Blazhenny Cathedral (Moscow)
• St. Basil Cathedral

• 寺院内の位置
• Location within the temple grounds

• その他の寺院
• Other temples

• 一般寺院教会
• Organization of local temples

• ゆかりの寺院
• Related Temples

• 寺院（寺院）
• Temples

• 寺院の称号。
• A title of a temple

• 建築物・寺院
• Temples and Other Architecture

• アジアの寺院
• an Asian temple

• ジャワの寺院
• Javanese temples

• イスラム教寺院
• mosque

• 浄土宗寺院特徴
• Characteristics of Jodo Shu Temple

• 日本の勅額寺院
• Temples with imperial inscriptions in Japan

• 寺院壁画の事例
• Introduction to Temple Wall Paintings

• 日本の寺院一覧
• List of Japanese temples

• 曹洞宗の寺院。
• Soto sect temple

• 著名な単立寺院
• Famous Tanritsu temples

• 鹿王院（寺院）
• Rokuo-in Temple (a Buddhist temple)

• 寺之内の諸寺院
• Other Temples in Teranouchi

• 年預 (寺院)
• Nenyo (Temples)

• サバリマラ寺院
• Sabarimala

• マドレーヌ寺院
• Église de la Madeleine

• タナロット寺院
• Tanah Lot

• ノートルダム寺院
• Notre Dame

• 寺院勢力への対応
• The correspondence with the Temple forces

• 山麓の神社・寺院
• Temples and Shrines at the Foot of Mountains

• 山上の神社・寺院
• Temples and Shrines on Mountains

• モルモン教の寺院
• the Mormon temple

• ホリールード寺院
• Holyrood Abbey

• サン・マルコ寺院
• St Mark's Basilica

• 鬼子母神を祀る寺院
• Temples which enshrine Kishimojin

• 寺院の場合は合掌。
• At a temple, hold the palms and fingers of both hands together.

• 寺院における評定始
• Hyojohajime of Buddhist temples

• その他、寺院多数。
• Numerous other shrines and temples

• プレアヴィヒア寺院
• Preah Vihear Temple

• プノン・バケン寺院
• Phnom Bakheng

• プランバナン寺院群
• Prambanan

• サクレ・クール寺院
• Basilique du Sacré-Cœur, Paris

• 大チョーラ朝寺院群
• Great Living Chola Temples

• 寺院塔頭としての院家
• Sub-temples of a larger temple complex

• 寺院建築における内陣
• Naijin in temple architecture

• 臨済宗系の単立寺院。
• It is an independently incorporated temple of the Rinzai school.

• 日蓮宗系寺院が多い。
• Temples of the Nichiren-shu sect are common in the area.

• 寺院名としての菩提寺
• Temples named Bodai-ji

• 寺院の庭に植えられる
• grown in temple gardens

• スリ・マリアマン寺院
• Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore

• ダンブッラの黄金寺院
• Dambulla cave temple

• ウェストミンスター寺院
• Westminster Abbey

• 観音菩薩を祀る主な寺院
• Major temples that enshrine Kannon Bosatsu

• 地蔵菩薩を祀る主な寺院
• Major temples that enshrine Jizo Bosatsu

• 愛染明王を安置する寺院
• Temples that enshrine Aizen Myoo

• 大規模寺院における稚児
• Ritual children in big Buddhist temples
• Chigo in large-scale temples

• 寺院建築は非常に多い。
• Many temples were constructed.

• 塔頭（たっちゅう）寺院
• Sub-temples

• 愛染明王を本尊とする寺院
• Temples that enshrine Aizen Myoo as the principal image

• これが寺院の原型である。
• This was the origin of temples.

• 日蓮宗本山（由緒寺院）。
• It is the main temple of the Nichiren sect (the lineage temple).

• 海外に直営の寺院はない。
• No directly-managed overseas temples of the school are included.

• 寺院集会・僧侶集会とも。
• It is also called jiinshue (temple's gathering) and soryoshue (priest's gathering).

• 南都六宗の開祖と中心寺院
• The Founders of Nanto Rokushu and the Central Temples

• 仏（寺院や僧侶）へ贈る。
• Occasions when bushugi are given to Buddha (temples or priests).

• 毘沙門堂門跡（門跡寺院）
• Bishamon-do Monzeki (Monzeki Temple) (a temple where the head priest is a member of the imperial family)

• 埼玉県日高市にある寺院。
• The temple is located in Hidaka City, Saitama Prefecture.

• 朝廷・寺院の授ける受領名
• Zuryomei given by the Imperial Court and temples

• エルサレム寺院の再奉納式
• the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem

• チョイジンラマ寺院博物館
• Choijin Lama Temple

• コナーラクのスーリヤ寺院
• Konark Sun Temple

• ナルア・カンダスワミ寺院
• Nallur Kandaswamy temple

• 寺院を構成する塔頭のこと。
• The sub-temples that comprise a temple complex.

• 単立（無宗派）の仏教寺院。
• Nonsectarian Buddhist temple

• 仁聞が開基したとされる寺院
• Temples that are said to have been founded by Ninmon

• その寺院は丘の天辺にある。
• The temple is at the top of the hill.

• ギリシアの6つの寺院の遺跡
• the site of six Greek temples

• ダラダー・マーリガーワ寺院
• Temple of the Tooth

• 不動明王を祀る主な日本の寺院
• Major temples that enshrine Fudo Myoo in Japan

• 仏教寺院そのものを指す通称。
• The term is also commonly used to refer to Buddhist temples in general.

• 四国八十八箇所各寺院の大師堂
• The Daishi-do of each temples in the Shikoku's eighty-eight sacred places.

• 大国主・大黒天を祀る主な寺院
• Temples dediated to Okuninushi or Daikokuten is enshrined

• 京都は古い寺院で有名である。
• Kyoto is famous for its old temples.

• 恐ろしい疫病が寺院類に広がる
• Loose terrible plagues upon humanity

• ラクシュミーナーラーヤン寺院
• Laxminarayan Temple

• パハルプールの仏教寺院遺跡群
• Somapura Mahavihara

• （祀られていない寺院もある。）
• (Some temples do not enshrine them.)

• 門跡に準ずる格式の寺院のこと。
• Temples of a status second to Monzeki

• 歓喜天を祀る日本各地の主な寺院
• Major temples that enshrine Kangiten at various places in Japan

• 合同を維持している富士門流寺院
• Fujimon School Temples Keeping Godo

• - 開祖：鑑真、寺院：唐招提寺
• The founder was Ganjin (Jianzhen); the central temple was Toshodai-ji Temple.

• 公共別院 地方寺院の共同開設。
• Public branch temple: Cooperatively opened by local temples.

• 禅宗で、寺院の住持となること。
• In the Zen sect, to be the head priest of a temple.

• 安祥寺 (京都市)（門跡寺院）
• Ansho-ji Temple (Kyoto City) (Monzeki Temple)

• 日本の修験道の中心寺院の1つ。
• It is one of the main temple of Japan's Shugendo (mountain asceticism) practice.

• 奈良県橿原市にある禅宗の寺院。
• Jimyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Zen sect located in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 寺院及び宮司の特権としての栄爵
• Eishaku: Special privileges of temples, shrines or guji (chief priests)

• ヒンズー教徒は寺院で礼拝する。
• The Hindus worship in temples.

• 偶像をあがめるための中国の寺院
• a Chinese temple or shrine for idol worship

• 古代寺院の崩れかけの巨大な建物
• colossal crumbling ruins of an ancient temple

• アクシャルダム寺院 (デリー)
• Akshardham (Delhi)

• 仏教寺院の正門である三門の異称。
• Another name for the main gate of a Buddhist temple.

• 慈恵大師（良源）を祀るおもな寺院
• Principal Temples at which Jikei Daishi (Ryogen) is Enshrined

• 日蓮宗六条門流本山（由緒寺院）。
• This is the head temple of the Rokujo-mon school of the Nichiren Sect, and one of the Yuisho jiin temples (temples considered important to Nichiren shonin (the founder of the Nichiren sect), his sect, and its history).

• 参考（以下は、寺院作法である。）
• For reference (the following are the manners for the temple)

• - 開祖：恵灌、寺院：東大寺南院
• The founder was Ekan (Hyegwan); the central temple was Todai-ji Nanin Temple.

• 兵庫県姫路市にある浄土宗の寺院。
• A Pure Land sect temple located in Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture.

• 蔵王権現を本尊とする寺院である。
• Its principal image is Zao Gongen.

• この寺院は７８０年に建てられた。
• This temple dates back to 780.

• この寺院は七世紀からのものです。
• This temple dates from the 7th century.

• ダクシネーシュワル・カーリー寺院
• Dakshineswar Kali Temple

• 皇女や貴族の息女が住職となる寺院。
• The temple of which a princess or a daughter of nobility becomes a chief priest.

• その他、愛染明王を祀る代表的な寺院
• Other representative temples that enshrine Aizen Myoo

• 主に寺院に所属する武装集団である。
• They basically belonged to temples as armed groups.

• 富士門流の主要寺院と現在の所属宗派
• The Main Temples of Fujimon School and Their Belonging Sects

• - 開祖：良弁・審祥、寺院：東大寺
• The founder was Roben (or Ryoben) and Shinsho (or Shinjo); the central temple was Todai-ji Temple.

• 京都の寺院では桐雲は一般的である。
• Kiri-gumo (paulownia and clouds) (桐雲) is popular among the temples in Kyoto.

• 秦氏が創建に関係した主な神社・寺院
• Chief shrines and temples established by the Hata clan

• 万福寺は中国風の建築で有名な寺院。
• Manpuku-ji Temple is a famous temple with Chinese style architecture.

• 本来は三千院とは別の寺院であった。
• It was originally a different temple from Sanzen-in Temple.

• 大阪市天王寺区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• A Pure Land Sect temple in Tennoji Ward, Osaka City,

• 寺院の場合は祈願寺、御願寺と言う。
• If it is a temple, it is referred to as a 'kiganji' or a 'goganji.'

• 以降、長門の中心寺院として栄えた。
• The temple went on to prosper as the central temple of Nagato Province.

• 戦国大名筒井氏ゆかりの寺院である。
• This temple is remembered in connection with the Tsutsui clan, one of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial loads in the Sengoku period) families.

• 荘厳な寺院で神聖な儀式が行われた。
• The sacred ceremony was held in the magnificent temple.

• それで芳一は寺院の一室を与えられ、
• Hoichi was given a room in the temple-building;

• これらの寺院を真言宗十八本山という。
• These temples are called the 18 head temples of the Shingon sect (真言宗十八本山).

• 寺院の山門を見立てたものと言われる。
• It is reportedly made in imitation of a temple gate.

• 通常は寺院の敷地内に建てられている。
• Generally, it is built in the precincts of a temple.

• 知客（しか）は禅宗寺院の役職の一つ。
• Shika is one of the positions in a Zen temple.

• 一定の数量の物資の支給を受けた寺院。
• Temples with a certain amount of supplies aid (a stipend)

• 国家によって存立の承認を受けた寺院。
• Temples that were authorized by the state to start services.

• 稲目は私邸を寺院として仏像を拝んだ。
• Iname changed his residence into a temple and worshipped the Buddha statue.

• - 開祖：道昭、寺院：興福寺・薬師寺
• The founder was Dosho; the central temples were Kofuku-ji Temple and Yakushi-ji Temple.

• - 開祖：道昭、寺院：東大寺・興福寺
• The founder was Dosho; the central temples were Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 住職以外に、副住職を置く寺院がある。
• There are some temples which have a vice priest other than the chief priest.

• 寺院宮殿を模した一間の可動式の宮殿。
• Movable Kuden consists of a single room designed after a Kuden of a temple.

• という2つの寺院の建立が計画された。
• The construction of those two temples was planned.

• 寺社（じしゃ）とは寺院と神社の総称。
• Jisha is a generic term for Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines.

• 寺院に常駐し、住職の代理を務める僧侶
• A Buddhist priest who is stationed at a temple and acts for the chief of temple.

• 私の趣味は古い寺院を訪ねることです。
• My hobby is visiting old temples.

• 各地に同名の仏堂および寺院が存在する。
• The Buddhist statue halls and temples that have the same name exist around the country.

• 真言宗系修験道を支配する寺院であった。
• It was the temple that controlled the Shingon Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts).

• 典座（てんぞ）は禅宗寺院の役職の一つ。
• Tenzo is one of the positions in a Zen temple.

• 大網の草庵は、後に願入寺と寺院となる。
• The thatched hut built in Oami later became a temple, called Gannyu-ji Temple.

• 以下は、寺院作法を踏まえた注意である。
• The cautions described below are based on the manners one should obey in a temple.

• 篳篥の音程には寺院の鐘の音が使われる。
• The sound of a temple bell is used for the Hichiriki flute interval.

• 東山の山麓には多くの神社・寺院がある。
• There are numerous shrines and temples at the foot of Higashiyama mountain range.

• これに対して南都寺院側は強く反発した。
• Nanto temples reacted sharply against this.

• 青森県むつ市の恐山にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• A Soto Sect on Mt. Osore in Mutsu City, Aomori Prefecture.

• 皇室と藤原氏にゆかりの深い寺院である。
• It has a deep connection to the Imperial family and the Fujiwara clan.

• かつて「南蛮寺」であったとされる寺院等
• Buddhist temples that were formerly Nanban-ji

• 本願寺（ほんがんじ）は仏教寺院の名称。
• Hongan-ji is the name of a Buddhist temple.

• 探題（たんだい）仏教寺院に置かれた職。
• 'Tandai' （探題） is a position set in a Buddhist temple.

• ウェストミンスター寺院には面食らった。
• He was solidly dazed by Westminster Abbey,

• 王子はウェストミンスター寺院で戴冠した
• The prince was crowned in Westminster Abbey

• 現在も真宗大谷派寺院として存続している。
• This Horyu-ji Temple exists now as a temple of the Otani sect of the Shinshu school.

• 一定の定数に限定されて指定を受けた寺院。
• The limited number of designated temples (a quota).

• 再任には支所下の寺院の同意が必要となる。
• The agreement of the temples under the branch office is required for the reappointment.

• 開創（かいそう）とは寺院を創設すること。
• Kaiso means to found a temple.

• 近年、札所寺院の宗派からの独立が著しい。
• Recently many fudasho temples became independent.

• 萩大井にある寺院（阿字雄邸）に匿われた。
• He was sheltered in a temple at Oi of Hagi (Ajio house).

• - 大津市中庄にある真宗仏光寺派の寺院。
• - A temple of Shinshu sect Bukko-ji temple located in Nakasho, Otsu City.

• 塔頭寺院であるが、別格本山となっている。
• It is a sub-temple, but it is its own head temple.

• 養林庵書院 - 山内寺院の浄土院に建つ。
• Yorinan Shoin study room: At Jodo-in Temple that stands within the temple precinct.

• 奈良県高市郡明日香村にある天台宗の寺院。
• A Tendai Sect temple in Asuka-mura, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• 法成寺は、藤原道長が建立した寺院である。
• Hojo-ji Temple was founded by FUJIWARA no Michinaga.

• 寺院で貴重品を生け贄として捧げてください
• immolate the valuables at the temple

• 寺院や城郭建築などで大きく発展が見られた。
• Significant developments were seen in the hafu on temples and castles.

• 城郭建築や、近世の寺院などで多く見られる。
• It is often seen on castle construction and modern temples.

• このため、特に寺院建築で好んで利用された。
• Therefore, this structure was favored especially in shrine and temple buildings

• この他、曹洞宗系の単立寺院が少数存在する。
• Other than the foregoing, there are a few independent temples of the Soto sect:

• 阿羅漢を祀る寺院については、羅漢寺を参照。
• For details on the temples that enshrine Arakan, see Rakan-ji Temple.

• また、寺院の厨子を模した家庭用仏壇もある。
• Some household altars have copied the Zushi in temples.

• 伽藍神（がらんじん）は、寺院を守護する神。
• Garanjin is a deity that guards temples and shrines.

• 寺院数5,200ヶ寺、直系信徒330万人。
• It has 5,200 temples and 3,300,000 believers.

• 同年、京都山科の門跡寺院曼殊院に入室した。
• The same year, he entered Manshuin, a monzeki temple (a temple where some Imperial Family members lived and practiced Buddhism) in Yamashina, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 東本願寺、本能寺など多くの寺院も焼失した。
• Many temples including Higashihongan-ji Temple and Honno-ji Temple were reduced to ashes.

• 人気の高い寺院を多数含む構成となっている。
• The pilgrimage consists of many popular temples.

• 観光寺院でないため、通常拝観は不可である。
• Shinko-in Temple is not a sightseeing temple, so visitors are not ordinarily permitted.

• これが寺院としての始まりと伝えられている。
• This was the beginning of this place as a temple.

• 台中市南区 (台中市)にある臨済宗の寺院。
• Another Jimyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Rinzai sect located in South ward, Taichung City.

• 東西本願寺の前身寺院については以下を参照。
• Refer to the followings for predecessor temples of Higashi Hongan-ji and Nishi Hongan-ji Temples.

• 神聖な儀式がその荘厳な寺院で執り行われた。
• A sacred ritual took place in the magnificent temple.

• その大寺院の天井には宗教画が描かれていた。
• The cathedral had a religious painting on its ceiling.

• ただ寺院の聖なるもののためではありません。
• but not for the sake of holy things.

• その多くを擁する大寺院は七堂伽藍と呼ばれる。
• A large temple complex that has most of these elements is called a shichido garan (which literally means 'seven-hall temple' or a group of seven buildings that are supposed to form the heart of an ideal Buddhist temple).

• 塔頭寺院・子院が60余を数えた時期もあった。
• At its peak, it reigned over more than 60 tatchu (sub-temples) and branch temples.

• 紛失時などは、所属寺院を通して本山から戴く。
• If a follower loses it, he/she must obtain it from the head temple through the temple he/she belongs to.

• 禅宗寺院では重要な伽藍のひとつとなっている。
• In Temples of Zen sect, tosu is one of the important Buddhist temples.

• 寺院や僧尼に対する保護の姿勢が貫かれている。
• It was steeped with protective attitudes towards religious institutions, priests and nuns.

• - 開祖：道蔵 (僧)、寺院：元興寺・大安寺
• The founder was Dozo; the central temples were Gango-ji Temple and Daian-ji Temple.

• 明徳の乱に従軍した折、寺院で供物を拝借した。
• When in the army during the Meitoku War, Yoriyuki stole food from the altar in a temple.

• 貴族や武士、寺院などの私的領地が確立された。
• Private domains of nobility, warriors and temples were established.

• 祖母の遺灰は寺院に置かれた骨壷に入っている。
• Grandmother's ashes are in an urn at the temple.

• ――まあ例えばセント・パウル寺院の墓場へでも
• --say Saint Paul's Churchyard for instance

• 寺院は、262年もゴード人によって破壊された
• the temple was destroyed by the Goths in 262

• 上記から発展した →「寺院仏教の寺院」を参照。
• This developed from the above usage (refer to 'Buddhist Temple').

• 寺院の住職家族用の仏壇を特に「御内仏」という。
• Butsudan for the family of a resident priest of a temple is specially called 'Onaibutsu' (literally, 'indoor Buddha').

• 浄土教系、禅宗系の寺院には秘仏は比較的少ない。
• At the temples of the Jodo Sect and Zen Sects, hibutsu are relatively few in number.

• なお、これは釈迦の死後に建てられた寺院である。
• This temple was built after the death of Shakyamuni.

• かつて僧坊酒を造っていた中心的な寺院であった。
• It was the central temple for the production of soboshu (sake brewed in major temples).

• 鐘：沈む夕焼けと山中の寺院の鐘楼の組み合わせ。
• Temple bell: a combination of the evening glow with the setting sun and a belfry of a temple in the mountain.

• 稚児髷(平安中期～江戸後期、稚児＠大規模寺院)
• Chigomage (From mid-Heian to late Edo Periods; Worn by the boys at large temples)

• 墓所は京都市東区の東山建仁寺の塔頭寺院久昌院。
• He was buried at Kyushoin, tatchu (sub-temples in the site of main temple) of Higashiyama Kennin-ji Temple in Higashi Ward, Kyoto City.

• 宗教空間、寺院建築に関する研究論文を多数発表。
• He has presented many papers on religious space and temple architecture.

• 駅舎は寺院風の歴史を感じさせる木造建築である。
• The station is a wooden building in a historical temple style.

• 京都市右京区にある真言宗大覚寺派大本山の寺院。
• The head temple of the Shingon sect Daikaku-ji School located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 茨城県石岡市大増にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。
• A True Pure Land sect Hongan-ji School temple located in Omasu, Ishioka City, Ibaraki Prefecture.

• 穴太寺（あなおじ）は、京都府亀岡市にある寺院。
• Anao-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 金剛寺（こんごうじ）は京都市東山区にある寺院。
• Kongo-ji Temple is a temple located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大和国の他の寺院同様、興福寺の末寺でもあった。
• Byodo-ji Temple, like other temples in Yamato Province, was a branch of Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 日本仏教史上重要な役割を果たした寺院であった。
• The temple played an important role in Japanese history of Buddhism.

• 石塔寺は、聖徳太子創建の伝承をもつ寺院である。
• Ishido-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple which is said to have been founded by Prince Shotoku.

• 寺院、キリスト教・新宗教は宗教局に移管された。
• Temples, Christianity, and new religions were placed under the control of the Bureau of Religions.

• 「それはセントポール寺院みたいなものですか？」
• 'Is it like St. Paul's Cathedral?'

• 彩色など、寺院建築の影響を受けているものも多い。
• Many shrines of this style are influenced by temple architecture in terms of colors, etc.

• 塔頭寺院には、桂春院・春光院・退蔵院などがある。
• Subsidiary temples include Keishunin, Shunkouin, and Taizouin.

• 比叡山に登る前、叔父の菩提寺という寺院に行った。
• He was sent to his uncle's temple, Bodai-ji, before he went to Mt. Hiei, the center of Buddhist study.

• 法親王、または入道親王が住職として居住する寺院。
• The temples in which Hoshinno or Nyudoshinno (i.e. a priestly Imperial Prince) lived as a chief priest.

• 天竺五精舎（釈迦在世にあった5つの寺院）の一つ。
• Jetavana Vihara was one of five Shoja (a hall where priests practiced asceticism, with similarities to a temple) in India that existed during Buddha's lifetime.

• 本満寺（ほんまんじ）は、京都市上京区にある寺院。
• Honman-ji Temple is a temple located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 庫裏（くり）とは、仏教寺院における伽藍のひとつ。
• Kuri (庫裏) refers to a single building among a Buddhist temple complex.

• 徳勝寺（現・徳正寺。真宗大谷派寺院）を創建した。
• Then he founded Tokusho-ji Temple (Present Tokushoji with different Chinese characters, a temple for Shinshu sect Otani school).

• なお、寺院統制上の本寺、末寺も一種の寺格である。
• Main temples and sub-temples that were used to supervise temples were also part of Jikaku.

• 盆の時期が過ぎると寺院側で撤去され、焼却される。
• When the season of Obon passes, the temple removes bon toro and burns them up.

• 所属寺院の記念品として、配布している寺院もある。
• Some temples distribute them as a commemorative items of the temple the followers belong to.

• 一定の定員の官僧（「定額僧」）が派遣された寺院。
• Temples with a certain number of Buddhist priests stationed by the state ('jogakuso'(Buddhist priests under a quota system))

• その後これら寺院群は政治に口を出すようになった。
• Later, these temples began to get involved in politics.

• また、飛鳥に建てられた大寺院が次々と移転された。
• Also, large temples that had stood in Asuka were relocated one by one in Heijo-kyo.

• 寺院における僧兵に似た存在であったと想像される。
• It can be assumed that they were similar to armed bonzes in Buddhist temples.

• 大善寺 (京都市)（六地蔵めぐりの寺院のひとつ）
• Daizen-ji Temple (Kyoto Prefecture) (one of the Temples of Rokujizo pilgrimage)

• 豊臣秀吉による京都改造によって寺院が集められた。
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI relocated temples in this area as part of a re-creation plan for Kyoto.

• 霊山寺 (高槻市) - 大阪府高槻市にある寺院。
• Ryozen-ji Temple (Takatsuki City) - A temple located in Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture.

• 寺院としての形態が整うのはこの頃からと思われる。
• It is believed that it was around this time when the site took on the form of a temple.

• 成相寺（なりあいじ）は、京都府宮津市にある寺院。
• Nariai-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 宥清寺（ゆうせいじ）は、京都市上京区にある寺院。
• Yusei-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 藤原道長によって創建された、摂関期最大級の寺院。
• It was founded by FUJIWARA no Michinaga and was the largest temple of the regency period.

• これらの寺院は紅衛兵によって、愚かにも破壊された
• these temples were mindlessly destroyed by the Red Guards

• 南西には同時期に付属寺院（郡山廃寺）が造営された。
• In the southwest an attached temple (Koriyama-haiji Temple) was built around the same time.

• また寺院の本堂において内陣との境には巻障子がある。
• Inside of a temple's main hall for Buddha, there is a folding scroll fixed to share borders with its inner sanctuary.

• 寺院同様、須弥壇の上に厨子を置くだけの場合もある。
• In some cases, people put nothing other than zushi on the top of shumidan, as in the case of temples.

• 寺院化に伴い留守職は、住持職を含めた別当職となる。
• In the wake of conversion to a temple, Bettoshoku (a chief administrator of a temple) was created by combining the role of Rusushiki and Jujishoku (a resident head of a temple).

• 宿坊を経営しているため、宿泊利用可能な寺院である。
• Torin-in Temple offers lodging services on the premises.

• しかし、寺院のみでなく各家庭の仏壇も御内仏である。
• An altar for an individual household is also called onaibutsu.

• 明治の神仏分離の際に、仏教色を廃し寺院とは別れた。
• Under the edict of Shinbutsubunri promulgated by the Meiji government, the influence of Buddhism on Sanno Gongen was removed and Sanno Gongen were separated from the temples.

• 那蘭陀寺（ナーランダ） - マガダ国にあった寺院。
• Nalanda Temple: a temple in the country Magadha.

• 全国の寺院で伝承される本曲には同名異曲が多くある。
• There are many instances of honkyoku transmitted at the various temples throughout the country that have the same name, but are completely different compositions.

• 書や寺院建築の分野では「和様」を用いることが多い。
• In the fields of calligraphy and temple architecture, the term 'Wayo' is used more often than Wafu.

• 寺院に奉納される他、和菓子として市販もされている。
• It is dedicated to temples, and put on the market as a Japanese sweet.

• 寺院の壁画、絹、紙、板に描いた絵画、版画等を含む。
• They include temple wall paintings, paintings drawn on silk, paper and panels, and block prints, and so on.

• 鞍馬寺 - 京都府京都市左京区鞍馬本町にある寺院。
• Kurama-dera Temple is a temple located in Kurama Honmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 現代でも神社と寺院の違いが判らない者も多いという。
• It is said that many people still do not know the difference between Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples even now.

• - 寺院の住職や関係者・信者などが集まってできた町
• town formed with temple priests, people involved in temples, and where devotees gathered

• 嵯峨天皇の離宮を寺に改めた皇室ゆかりの寺院である。
• The temple has a close connection to the imperial household, having been converted from Emperor Saga's villa.

• 三室戸寺（みむろとじ）は、京都府宇治市にある寺院。
• Mimuroto-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 付近には妙心寺、仁和寺などの著名寺院や史跡も多い。
• This area has numerous historic spots and famous temples including Myoshin-ji Temple and Ninna-ji Temple.

• これは禅宗寺院の仏堂に多く用いられ、禅宗様と呼ぶ。
• This style is often used in the Buddha statue halls of Zen Sect temples, and is known as 'zenshu-yo' (Zen Sect style).

• ただし、非公開寺院で境内に立ち入ることはできない。
• However the temple is not open to the public and the grounds cannot be entered.

• 以後、峰定寺は聖護院末の本山修験宗の寺院となった。
• Bujo-ji Temple's Shogo-in branch temple later converted to the Honzan Shugen Sect.

• 寺院名、本尊、山号・院号、宗派は現在のものである。
• The principal image, sango (literally, 'mountain name,' which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple)/ingo (a title given to a Buddhist temple) and sect given are the most current ones.

• 付近に天皇建立の寺院らしき寺跡も発見されていない。
• No remains that suggest the past existence of a temple founded by the emperor have been found in the neighborhood.

• 寺院としての形態が整うのは鎌倉時代以後と思われる。
• By the Kamakura Period at the earliest, it seems that the site was gradually transformed into a temple.

• 後に寺院の強訴や僧兵に対抗する時も効果を発揮した。
• Later, it was also effective when petitioned by temples and shrines, and priest soldiers.

• 我々が自国の古い寺院を自慢に思うのは当然のことだ。
• We may well take pride in our old temples.

• 今日、考古学的な遺跡は、多くの見事な寺院と墓を含む
• today the archeological remains include many splendid temples and tombs

• 真正極楽寺のように阿弥陀如来を本尊とする寺院もある。
• Some temples like Shinsho Gokuraku-ji Temple have Amidanyorai as a Honzon.

• 三門（さんもん）とは寺院の正面に配置される門のこと。
• The term Sanmon refers to a gate located in front of a temple.

• 歴史ある寺院では、文化財に指定されているものもある。
• In the temples which have long histories, some Kuri are designated as cultural property.

• 百万遍交差点 - 交差点の名称はこの寺院に由来する。
• Hyakumanben Crossing: The name of the crossing originates from this temple.

• 寺院で広く見られる木像本尊や絵像などは一切用いない。
• There are absolutely no major wooden statues nor images etc that are commonly seen in temples.

• 村上源氏の出身で、木寺（仁和寺院家）の法印寛雅の子。
• He was from the Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) and was born to Kanga, who was the Hoin (the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) of the Ki-dera Temple (an inge [a branch temple for supporting services of the main temple] of the Ninna-ji Temple).

• 本末制度は寺請制度や寺院諸法度の創設と連動していた。
• Honmatsu seido was linked with other shogunate policies, such as the establishment of Terauke seido (the system that compelled the public to become Buddhists) and Jiin shohatto (the regulations for Buddhist temples).

• 寺院化に伴い、留守職は、住持職を含めた別当職となる。
• With the conversion into a temple, the position of rusushiki became the position of betto including the position of jujishoku (resident heads of the temples).

• 寺院内のおいて僧侶が住む空間を僧房（僧坊）と呼んだ。
• Living quarters used by monks in a temple were called sobo.

• なお、伝法灌頂は、ほとんど高野山内の寺院で行われる。
• Most of the temples on Mount Koya conducts denpo-kanjo.

• また、寺院を開創するため、開基・開山を委託すること。
• Or, to entrust Kaiki and Kaizan to a person and a priest to found a temple.

• 飛鳥時代では、瓦葺きの許された建物は寺院のみである。
• In the Asuka period, application of Kawara was allowed for temples only.

• 一目瞭然！ 寺院建築施工ファイル寺院建築の施工情報。
• 'You Can See it at a Glance! Buddhist temple construction file' shows information on buddhist temple construction.

• その翌年、京都山科にある門跡寺院・勧修寺を相続した。
• In the following year, he inherited Kanshu-ji temple, a monzeki temple (a temple where the doctrines of the founder of the sect had been handed down) in Yamashina, Kyoto.

• 妙心寺　塔頭寺院に、桂春院、春光院、退蔵院などがある
• Myoshin-ji Temple (its sub-temples include Keishun-in Temple, Shunko-in Temple, Taizo-in Temple, and so forth.)

• 静観寺（最澄により806年創建と伝える鞆最古の寺院）
• Seikan-ji Temple: The oldest existing temple in Tomo that is said to have been founded by Saicho in 806.

• 寺子屋の起源は、中世の寺院での教育に遡ると言われる。
• The origin of Terakoya is said to be traced to education at temples and shrines during the middle ages.

• 日本での道教寺院は、埼玉県坂戸市の聖天宮などがある。
• One of the famous Dokyo temples in Japan is the Shoten-gu Shrine in Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture.

• 基本的には寺院の生活、身辺のことを記した日記である。
• Tamonin Nikki is a diary with notes mainly on the lives of people in the temple and daily activities.

• 奈良時代以降、各地に神社や仏教寺院が建立されていく。
• After the Nara period, Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples were built in various areas.

• 法輪寺（ほうりんじ）は、京都市西京区にある仏教寺院。
• Horin-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 勧修寺（かじゅうじ）は、京都市山科区にある門跡寺院。
• Kaju-ji Temple is a Monzeki Temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) located in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City.

• 型破りの禅僧として著名な一休宗純ゆかりの寺院である。
• It is connected with the unconventional Zen priest Ikkyu Sojun.

• 蓮華寺（れんげじ）は京都市左京区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Renge-ji Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 圓證寺は大和国の戦国大名・筒井家ゆかりの寺院である。
• Ensho-ji Temple is a temple associated with the Tsutsui clan, a Sengoku daimyo family in Yamato Province.

• バラが境内に所狭しとあふれる寺院として知られている。
• It is famous for its roses closely planted together in the grounds.

• 今日でも、寺院でも神社と同様の守札が頒布されている。
• Thus Mamorifuda, similar to those of the Shinto religion, are also distributed in temples today.

• 後にこうした寺院の慣習が武士に対しても影響を与えた。
• This practice of assigning Nenyo in temples had an influence on samurai warriors in later years.

• 寺院でキリストの禄付き聖職者の任命を記念する祝宴の日
• feast day commemorating the presentation of Christ in the temple

• 英国の高名な人物はウェストミンスター寺院に埋葬される
• Distinguished English subjects are buried in Westminster Abbey

• 法隆寺をはじめ奈良時代以降の寺院建築にも使われている。
• It is used in temple buildings since the Nara period, such as Horyu-ji Temple.

• それらの作品は滋賀県内の寺院から寄託されたものである。
• These were entrusted to Biwako Bunkakan by temples in Shiga Prefecture.

• 空海は入定に際して、住持していた寺院を弟子に付嘱した。
• Before Kukai fell into deep meditation, he asked his disciples to take charge of the temples in which he had worked as a chief priest.

• 瀬戸内の中国・四国に布教を行い、多くの寺院を建立した。
• Nichiryu carried out proselytizing work in areas of the Chugoku region and areas on Shikoku that faced the Seto Inland Sea, founding a great many temples.
• He propagated to the Chugoku and Shikoku districts of Setouchi and founded quite a few temples.

• 東司（とうす）とは、仏教寺院における便所のことをいう。
• Tosu is a lavatory in Buddhist temples.

• 全国の様々な寺院で星まつり・星供の行事が行われている。
• Hoshi Matsuri and Hoshiku services are held at different temples nationwide.

• 聖徳太子ゆかりの寺院である四天王寺と法隆寺で催される。
• It is held by Shitenno-ji Temple and Horyu-ji Temple, which are the temples associated with Prince Shotoku.

• 真言宗系仏教寺院18箇寺によって1995年に成立した。
• They were established by eighteen Shingon sect-related temples in 1995.

• 当時はまだ寺院ごとに特定宗派を奉じる寺院は少なかった。
• In those days there were a few temples which followed a particular sect.

• 舞楽以外には神社・寺院での伝統芸能などでも用いられる。
• Besides gagaku, they are also used in traditional arts performed at shrines and temples.

• 御朱印（ごしゅいん）とは、神社や寺院で頂ける印である。
• Goshuin is a stamp that is given at a shrine or a temple.

• - 四天王寺など失われた寺院建築の復元的考察を行った。
• - Conducted restoration studies on the architecture of lost temples including Shitenno-ji Temple.

• 領内の寺院・神社の整理をおこない、神仏習合を排除した。
• He reorganized temples and shrines in his territory to rule out the syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism.

• 根本中堂の真東に位置し、他の寺院における山門にあたる。
• Located due east of the Komponchudo Hall, it serves as a gate for the other temples.

• 東福寺および塔頭寺院の文化財を収蔵するが非公開である。
• It houses but does not display the cultural properties of Tofuku-ji Temple and its sub-temples.

• これは日本全国の臨済宗寺院の元締めにあたる役職である。
• This role was responsible for all of the Rinzai Sect temples in Japan.

• 当初真言宗寺院であったが平安時代に浄土宗に改宗された。
• It initially belonged to the Shingon Sect but converted to Jodo Sect during the Heian period.

• 境内(けいだい)は、神社や寺院のある敷地のことである。
• The term keidai refers to the grounds of a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple.

• 石峯寺（せきほうじ）は京都市伏見区にある黄檗宗の寺院。
• Sekiho-ji Temple (石峯寺) is a temple of the Obaku sect located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.

• 奈良時代には近隣の東大寺、興福寺と並ぶ大寺院であった。
• Gango-ji Temple was a temple with an influence as much as neighboring Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple in the Nara period.

• 典型的な山岳寺院で、石段を上るごとに次の堂宇が現れる。
• It is a typical mountain temple, and going up the steps, the next building comes into view.

• 長命寺（ちょうめいじ）は、滋賀県近江八幡市にある寺院。
• Chomei-ji Temple is located in Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 一般に、小型の物は仏壇で用い、大型の物は寺院で用いる。
• The one with metal legs attached is called 'kodai rin'.

• 神社や寺院の高麗門には建物の性質上、扉がないものが多い。
• Many Korai-mon Gates of shrines and temples are not equipped with doors due to their particular nature.

• 真言宗の寺院は本山・末寺にかかわらず大きな打撃を受けた。
• The temples of the Shingon sect suffered great damage without regard to their status as head temples or sub-temples.

• ただし、いろいろな寺院を詣でる事を禁じている訳ではない。
• However, it doesn't ban monto's visiting various temples.

• 阿弥陀寺（あみだじ）は、京都市上京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Amida-ji Temple is the temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 事相研究でも特に図像研究では中心寺院として知られていた。
• It was known as the central temple for the study of jiso, especially Buddhist iconology.

• 勝持寺（しょうじじ）は、京都市西京区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Shoji-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大善寺（だいぜんじ）は、京都市伏見区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Daizen-ji Temple, located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• 地蔵院（じぞういん）は、京都府宇治市にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jizo-in Temple, located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Jodo sect.

• 長楽寺（ちょうらくじ）は、京都市東山区にある時宗の寺院。
• Choraku-ji Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Ji sect.

• 正法寺（しょうぼうじ）は、京都市東山区にある時宗の寺院。
• Shobo-ji Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Ji sect.

• 雙林寺（そうりんじ）は、京都市東山区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Sorin-ji Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Tendai sect.

• 双林寺（そうりんじ）は、京都市山科区にある天台宗の寺院。
• The Sorin-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai sect in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City.

• それゆえ特に都市部で盆燈籠を認めない寺院が増えつつある。
• And so, temples - especially in urban areas - increasingly come to forbid bon toro.

• 寺院法（じいんほう）とは、寺院に関連した法制全般を指す。
• 'Jiin-ho' is a name for laws regarding Buddhist temples.

• また王統分裂の影響を受け、寺院勢力の中でも分派が進んだ。
• Influenced by disintegration of the royal lineage, disintegration among temples was developed.

• 現在のように特定の寺院を指して寺号とすることはなかった。
• The name of a specific temple was not used as the title of the temple, unlike today's practice.

• 平安時代以後は、生前に造営した寺院などで行う事になった。
• Since the Heian period, a taiso had been held at a temple that he or she had built before he or she had passed away.

• 1312年、覚如は廟堂を寺院化し、大谷本願寺が生まれた。
• In 1312 Kakunyo made the mausoleum a temple, whereby Otani Honganji Temple was born.

• また、公卿などの貴人の邸宅や寺院にも同様の施設があった。
• Similar facilities existed also at the residence of court nobles and temples.

• 漢陽（ソウル特別市）では城内には寺院も建てさせなかった。
• They were not allowed to build even temples inside the castle of Hanyang (Seoul Special City).

• 天文17年(1548年)3月、寺院参詣の帰途に急死する。
• In April 1548, Takakage died suddenly on his way back from a temple visit.

• 滋賀県愛知郡 (滋賀県)愛東町大覚寺にある天台宗の寺院。
• A Tendai sect temple located in Daikakuji, Aito-cho, Echi-gun, Shiga Prefecture.

• 日本の一般的な寺院の「本堂」「仏殿」にあたる建物である。
• Equivalent to the 'main hall' or 'Buddha hall' of conventional Japanese Buddhist temples.

• 善峯寺（よしみねでら）は、京都府京都市西京区にある寺院。
• Yoshimine-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Nishikyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 京都では珍しい律宗（総本山は奈良・唐招提寺）寺院である。
• It belongs to the Ritsu Sect (General Head Temple is Toshodai-ji Temple in Nara) - a denomination not common in Kyoto.

• また、後白河天皇や豊臣秀吉ゆかりの寺院としても知られる。
• It is also known for its connection to Emperor Goshirakawa and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.

• 誓願寺（せいがんじ）は、京都市中京区新京極通にある寺院。
• Seigan-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located on Shin Kyogoku-dori, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 廬山寺（ろざんじ）は京都市上京区にある天台系の仏教寺院。
• Rozan-ji Temple is a Tendai Buddhist temple located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 地蔵寺（じぞうじ）は、京都市西京区桂にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jizo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Pure Land Sect located in Katsura, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 宝塔寺（ほうとうじ）は、京都市伏見区にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Hoto-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sect located in Fushimi-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 石像寺（しゃくぞうじ）は京都市上京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Shakuzo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to Jodo (Pure Land) Sect located in Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 直指庵（じきしあん）は、京都市右京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jikishi-an Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Pure Land Sect located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 西園寺（さいおんじ）は、京都市上京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Saion-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to Jodo (Pure Land) Sect located in Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 神応寺（しんのうじ）は、京都府八幡市にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Shinno-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Soto Sect located in Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 現在は、残存した寺院の住職の努力によって再興されている。
• Those that survive today have been restored through the efforts of their chief priests.

• 常林寺（じょうりんじ）は京都市左京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jorin-ji Temple is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 延福寺（えんぷくじ）は、亀岡市にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Enpuku-ji Temple is a temple of Koyasan Shingon Sect located in Kameoka City.

• 懸造の本堂は、清水寺、長谷寺など、観音を祀る寺院に多い。
• The main hall built in the kake-zukuri style is often seen at temples dedicated to Kannon (Deity of Mercy) such as Kiyomizu-dera Temple and Hase-dera Temple.

• 秋篠寺（あきしのでら）は、奈良県奈良市秋篠町にある寺院。
• Akishino-dera Temple is a temple which is located in Akishino-cho, Nara City, Nara.

• 神仏分離以前は、寺院であり、多武峯寺という名称であった。
• It was once a temple named Tonomine temple before the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism.

• 不退寺（ふたいじ）は、奈良市法蓮町にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Futai-ji Temple is located in Horen-cho, Nara City and belongs to Shingon Ritsu sect.

• 弘仁寺（こうにんじ）は、奈良市にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Konin-ji Temple located in Nara Prefecture is a temple of Koyasan Shingon sect.

• 円福寺（えんぷくじ）は奈良県生駒市にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Enpuku-ji Temple is a Shingonritsu sect temple in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• エルサレムの寺院の破壊を記念するユダヤ暦上の主要な断食日
• a major fast day on the Jewish calendar commemorating the destruction of the temples in Jerusalem

• 多くの宿坊を抱えた寺院は大坊（たいぼう）と呼ぶことがある。
• Temples with many shukubo are sometimes called taibo (large living quarters for monks).

• 奈良の浄土宗寺院称名寺 (奈良市)に入れられ、僧となった。
• He became a Buddhist monk at Shomyo-ji Temple (Nara City), the temple of Jodo Sect.

• 来迎院（らいごういん）は、京都市左京区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Raigo-in Temple, located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Tendai sect.

• 正法寺（しょうぼうじ）は、京都府八幡市にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Shobo-ji Temple is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect, located in Yawata City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• そして、混乱にまぎれて寺院を破壊し、寺院の土地を接収した。
• Shrine priests destroyed temples and took over temples' land by taking advantage of the confusion.

• 禅宗寺院で修行僧の食事、仏や祖師への供膳をつかさどる役職。
• Tenzo is a position in charge of cooking meals for ascetic monks, as well as of serving trays of offerings for Buddha statues and the founder of the sect.

• これに従った浄土真宗の寺院は以後「真宗」を公式名称とする。
• Thereafter, the Jodo Shinshu temples that obeyed the order used 'Shinshu' as their formal name.

• スペイン語およびポルトガル語の templo （寺院の意）
• the Spanish and Portuguese templo (referring to temple)

• 寺院の大広間などに使われている紋様には雲紋が目立っている。
• Cloud patterns are predominant among the patterns used in temples such as in a hall.

• 古式では寺院で、のちに預人の座敷または庭上で、行なわれた。
• According to ancient tradition, seppuku was committed at a Buddhist temple and later came to be performed at the home or garden of the azukarinin.

• 妙心寺 - 塔頭寺院に、桂春院、春光院、退蔵院などがある。
• Myoshin-ji Temple - sub-temple, especially one founded to commemorate the death of a high priest, which includes Keishun-in Temple, Shunko-in Temple, and Taizo-in Temple

• （なお、寺院の祠堂銭は2文子が相場であったとされている）。
• It is said that Shidosen (money donated to a temple) was usually two mon-ko (two mon of interest per month).

• 11歳のときには、不吉な悪児とされ、真言寺院に預けられた。
• When Dokaku was eleven years old, he was left at a temple of Shingon sect, he was believed to be an unlucky child.

• 英勝寺は神奈川県鎌倉市にある浄土宗の寺院で、山号は東光山。
• Eisho-ji Temple is a Jodo sect temple in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture and its title prefixed to the temple name is Mt. Tokozan.

• 市街地中心部を通り、東側では公共機関、西側では寺院が多い。
• It runs through the center of the city, with many public organizations on the east side, and temples on the west side.

• 各地に同名の寺院があり、著名なものとして以下のものがある。
• There are many temples throughout Japan that share this name and the most well-known of these are given below.

• 寺号（寺院名）として「菩提寺」を称する寺院がいくつかある。
• There are several temples with the name 'Bodai-ji.'

• 実相院（じっそういん）は、京都市左京区岩倉にある仏教寺院。
• Jisso-in Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Iwakura, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 1783年（天明3年）、要法寺末の岐阜の寺院が仏像を撤廃。
• 1783: Yobo-ji Temple's Gifu branch-temple abolishes its Buddhist statue.

• 庫裏は寺院の台所兼事務所の役割を果たす内向きの建物である。
• The kuri is an inward-facing building that serves as the temple kitchen and office.

• 仁王像 - 福井県小浜市の日蓮宗寺院・長源寺から移された。
• Statue of Nio: Relocated from the Nichiren Sect temple Chogen-ji Temple in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture.

• 法成寺（ほうじょうじ）は、現在の京都市上京区にあった寺院。
• Hojo-ji Temple was a Buddhist temple located in present-day Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 歓喜光寺（かんきこうじ）は、京都市山科区にある時宗の寺院。
• Kankiko-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Ji Sect located in Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 仲源寺（ちゅうげんじ）は、京都市東山区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Chugen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect located in Higashiyama-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• また、天皇によって祈願寺となった寺院を、特に勅願寺と言う。
• In addition, a temple designated as a kiganji by the Emperor is referred to as a 'chokuganji.'

• 宮大工（みやだいく）は、神社寺院の建築や補修に携わる大工。
• The term miyadaiku refers to a carpenter 'daiku' involved in the construction and repair of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.

• 台密の中心的な寺院として隆盛したが、兵火等により衰退した。
• The temple prospered as the central temple of Tendai Sect esoteric Buddhism but went into decline due to factors including destruction by fire.

• なお当寺院は金戒光明寺内の塔頭で、唯一寺院内の墓地を持つ。
• Of all of the sub-temples at Konkaikomyo-ji Temple, the Ryoko-in Temple is the only one that has a graveyard.

• 帯解寺（おびとけでら）は、奈良市今市町にある華厳宗の寺院。
• Obitoke-dera Temple, located in Imaichi-cho, Nara City, is a temple of the Kegon sect.

• 石塔寺（いしどうじ）は、滋賀県東近江市にある天台宗の寺院。
• Ishido-ji Temple is a Tendai sect temple located in Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 伝香寺（でんこうじ）は奈良県奈良市小川町にある律宗の寺院。
• Denko-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Ritsu sect, located in Ogawa cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 行基が壮年期に営んだ小庵が後に寺院とされたものと思われる。
• It is thought that the small hermitage that Gyoki managed in his later years was later recognized as a temple.

• 山田寺（やまだでら）は、奈良県桜井市山田にあった古代寺院。
• Yamada-dera Temple was an ancient temple located in present-day Yamada, Sakurai City in Nara Prefecture.

• 尼寺（あまでら/にじ）とは、比丘尼（尼）が住持である寺院。
• Ama-dera (also pronounced Ni-ji) is the temple whose chief priest is bikuni (female Buddhist disciple) (ama (a nun)).

• 九品寺（くほんじ）は、奈良県御所市楢原にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Kuhon-ji Temple is a temple of the Jodo sect located in Narahara, Gose City, Nara Prefecture.

• そのため、寺院では複数の宗派を兼学することが普通であった。
• Therefore, at that time, it was normal to study a few different religious sects at the same temple.

• 中世以降になって、寺院や陰陽道などで祭られるようになった。
• Only after the medieval period did it begin to be worshipped in temples and Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements).

• 寺院建築では和様建築、住宅などでは書院造の特徴になっている。
• Its use factors into the features of Japanese-style buildings in shrines and temples and of shoin-zukuri (a traditional Japanese style of residential architecture that includes a tokonoma alcove) for houses.

• その後、頼朝や後白河法皇の庇護を受けて各地の寺院を修復した。
• Thereafter, he restored temples in various places under the patronage of Yoritomo and the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.

• 楊谷寺（ようこくじ）は京都府長岡京市にある西山浄土宗の寺院。
• Yokoku-ji Temple, located in Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Seizan Jodo sect.

• 浄住寺（じょうじゅうじ）は、京都市西京区にある黄檗宗の寺院。
• Joju-ji Temple, located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Obaku Sect.

• 三鈷寺（さんこじ）は、京都市西京区大原野にある西山宗の寺院。
• The Sanko-ji Temple is a temple of the Seizan sect in Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• しかし、他宗の影響が強い地域の寺院では用いられる場合もある。
• However, they are sometimes used in the temples which have great influence on other sects.

• 実際に、貴族や寺院が富み栄える一方、農民層の負担が激増した。
• Actually, the aristocratic class and temples prospered and grew wealthy, while burdens to the farmers increased tremendously.

• 抽象的な表現の庭が室町時代の禅宗寺院で特に用いられ発達した。
• This abstract expression of a garden was especially used and developed by the Zen sect temples of the Muromachi period.

• 神社の祭などで見ることができ、まれに寺院で行うところもある。
• Kagura may be observed at shrine festivals, and rarely at some temples.

• 一部の寺院における祭礼の際の延年は規模も大きくなっていった。
• The scale of Ennen performed on the occasion of some temples' festival became bigger.

• 白河天皇はここに師実の実兄覚円を置いて寺院（法勝寺）とした。
• The Emperor Shirakawa made it into a temple (Hossho-ji Temple) under Morozane's biological elder brother Kakuen.

• 数多くの神社に神宮寺が建てられ、寺院の元に神社が建てられた。
• Jingu-ji Temples were built in many shrines, and shrines were built in temples.

• 多くの大寺院が建立され始め、仏教文化の最初の興隆期であった。
• It was the first prosperous period of Buddhist culture and saw the construction of many large temples.

• その後、禅僧が活発に往来し、中国の寺院建築様式が伝えられた。
• Thereafter, Zen monks actively travelled between Japan and China, which led to the introduction of Chinese temple architecture to Japan.
• Following this, the Chinese temple architectural style made its way to Japan due to the great movement of Zen monks between China and Japan.

• - 寺院や,城郭建築を建築史の技法を使って再現の研究を行う。
• - Studied the reproduction of temple and castle architecture using historical techniques.

• この様な兼学の形態は、南都の寺院では広く見られたものである。
• This cross-disciplinary study approach was very popular among the temples in Nanto.

• 寂光寺（じゃっこうじ）は京都市左京区にある顕本法華宗の寺院。
• Jakko-ji Temple is a Kenpon Hokke Sect temple located in Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 小田原山 浄瑠璃寺 - 京都府木津川市にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Odawarazan Joruri-ji Temple: A Shingon Ritsu Sect temple located in Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 元慶寺（がんけいじ）は京都府京都市山科区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Gankei-ji Temple is a Tendai Sect temple located in Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 門跡寺院（皇族や摂家出身者が住職を務める寺院）の1つである。
• It is one of the Monzeki Temples (a temple in which the head priest was traditionally a member of the Imperial Family or Regent Family).

• 妙喜庵（みょうきあん）は京都府乙訓郡大山崎町にある仏教寺院。
• Myoki-an Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 岩屋寺（いわやじ）は、京都府京都市山科区にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Iwaya-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Soto Sect located in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 法護寺（ほうごじ）は、京都府舞鶴市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Hogo-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren Sho Sect, that is located in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 清水寺（きよみずでら）は、京都府京都市東山区清水にある寺院。
• Kiyomizu-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple in Kiyomizu, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 飛鳥寺（あすかでら）は奈良県高市郡明日香村にある寺院である。
• Asuka-dera Temple is a temple located in Asuka Village, Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture.

• 奈良盆地の東方、三重県境に近い室生の地にある山岳寺院である。
• It's a mountain temple located in Muro near the border of Mie Prefecture, the east of Nara Basin.

• 百済寺（ひゃくさいじ）は、滋賀県東近江市にある天台宗の寺院。
• Hyakusai-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai sect, located in Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 法輪寺（ほうりんじ）は、奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町にある仏教の寺院。
• Horin-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located at Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• 圓證寺（えんしょうじ）は、奈良県生駒市にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Ensho-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect located in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 舎那院には廃された寺院の仏像等が集められ、現在に至っている。
• Buddha statues from eliminated temples were collected in Shana-in Temple, and they are still there to this day.

• 竹林寺（ちくりんじ）は、奈良県生駒市有里町にある律宗の寺院。
• Chikurin-ji Temple is a Risshu sect temple located in Arisato Town, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 宝幢寺（ほうどうじ）は、奈良県生駒市にある融通念仏宗の寺院。
• Hodo-ji Temple is a Yuzu Nenbustu sect temple located in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 学校自体は、寺院の建物を利用し、本堂には千手観音の像がある。
• A temple building, whose Hondo (main hall) had a statue of Senju Kannon (Thousand Armed Avalokiteshwara), was used for school.

• 7世紀後半-8世紀の主要寺院の伽藍配置は次のようになっている。
• The garan layout of major temples between the latter half of the seventh century and the eighth century is as described below:

• 参詣参篭が信仰の重要な一部となる天台宗・真言宗系の寺院に多い。
• There are many such temples among those belonging to the Tendai sect and the Shingon sect since worshipping is deemed to constitute the important part of faith under the doctrine of these sects.

• 極端な場合には他の宗派の寺院を強制的に末寺化する場合もあった。
• In extreme cases, the temples of different sects were forcibly made into matsuji.

• 智恩寺（ちおんじ）は、京都府宮津市にある臨済宗妙心寺派の寺院。
• Chion-ji Temple, located in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Myoshin-ji School of the Rinzai Sect.

• 大妙寺 (だいみょうじ) は、京都市西京区にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Daimyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren sect, located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 勝光寺 (しょうこうじ) は、京都市下京区にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Shoko-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren sect, located in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大雲院（だいうんいん）は、京都市東山区にある浄土宗系単立寺院。
• Daiun-in Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is an independent temple belonging to the Jodo sect.

• 光明寺（こうみょうじ）は京都府綾部市にある真言宗醍醐派の寺院。
• Komyo-ji Temple, located in Ayabe City, Kyoto, is a temple of the Daigo school of the Shingon sect.

• 十念寺（じゅうねんじ）は、京都市上京区にある西山浄土宗の寺院。
• Junen-ji Temple, a temple of the Seizan Jodo sect, is located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 地蔵院（じぞういん）は、京都市西京区にある臨済宗系の単立寺院。
• Jizo-in Temple, located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a nonsectarian temple of the Rinzai sect.

• 放生院（ほうじょういん）は、京都市宇治市にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Hojo-in Temple, located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect.

• 所属寺院が無い場合は、各地の真宗大谷派教区・別院一覧に訊ねる。
• If you are not associated with any temple, consult the list of branch temples of the regional parish of the Shinshu Otaniha.

• 各寺院がこれに倣ってこの尊神を祀ることになった」と述べている。
• Other temples imitated this and came to enshrine this Sonjin (to worship God or it refers to the God which is worshipped).'

• 寺院で法要を巌修する時に、仏を供養するため花や葉を撒き散らす。
• At solemn Buddhist memorial services held in temples, flowers and leaves are scattered to make offerings to Buddha.

• 世界最古の木造寺院法隆寺があり、最古の仏典古文書も日本にある。
• Japan also has the oldest wooden temple in the world, Horyu-ji Temple, as well as the oldest Buddhist scriptures.

• 祖山、霊蹟寺院、由緒寺院は「日蓮宗全国本山会」を組織している。
• Sozan, Reiseki-jiin and Yuisho-jiin organize 'the Nichiren Sect Head Temples Association of Japan.'

• 大規模寺院における稚児 → 下記 大規模寺院における稚児 参照
• Chigo in large-scale temples: see the following article 'Chigo in large-scale temples'.

• 聖徳太子の奨励などによって伎楽は寺院楽としてその地位を高めた。
• Encouraged by Prince Shotoku, it became the major performance for the Buddhist services at temples.

• なお、一般的には浄土真宗の寺院では御朱印を頂くことができない。
• Note that, in general, goshuin is not given at temples of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).

• 因みにこの寺院は、三成が父の石田正継のために建立した寺である。
• Incidentally, this temple was one which was constructed by Mitsunari for his father, Masatsugu ISHIDA.

• 墓は、京都市東山区円山町626の時宗寺院、黄台山長楽寺にある。
• Her grave is the Choraku-ji Temple (Ji-shu Sect) of Odai-san Mountain, located in 636 Maruyama-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大阪府河内長野市にある高野山真言宗の寺院、観心寺の境内にある。
• The mound is located in the precincts of Kanshin-ji Temple of Koyasan Shingon Sect in Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture.

• 新町通から大宮通にかけては、寺院の集中する寺之内の一角である。
• Between Shinmachi-dori Street and Omiya-dori Street, it is a part of Teranouchi where many temples are closed.

• 西芳寺 (さいほうじ)は、京都市西京区松尾にある臨済宗の寺院。
• Saiho-ji Temple is a Rinzai Sect temple located in Matsuo, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 三千院（さんぜんいん）は、京都市左京区大原にある天台宗の寺院。
• Sanzen-in Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Ohara, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大仏様（だいぶつよう）は、日本の伝統的な寺院建築の様式の一つ。
• Daubutsu-yo is one of the traditional temple architectural styles in Japan.

• 円光寺（えんこうじ）は、京都市左京区一乗寺にある臨済宗の寺院。
• Enko-ji Temple is a Rinzai Sect Buddhist temple located in Ichijoji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 法観寺（ほうかんじ）は京都市東山区にある臨済宗建仁寺派の寺院。
• Hokan-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Kennin-ji school of the Rinzai Sect located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 金剛院（こんごういん）は京都府舞鶴市にある真言宗東寺派の寺院。
• Kongo-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Toji school of the Shingon Sect located in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 門跡寺院であり、代々の住職は天皇家と繋がりのある人物が務めた。
• As a Monzeki Temple, the successive head priests who served at the temple were related to the Imperial Family.

• 法輪寺は奈良時代に創建された虚空蔵菩薩を本尊とする寺院である。
• Horin-ji Temple was founded during the Nara period and is dedicated to the principal image Kokuzo Bosatsu.

• 神泉苑（しんせんえん）は、京都市中京区にある東寺真言宗の寺院。
• Shinsen-en Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the To-ji Shingon Sect located in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 毘沙門堂（びしゃもんどう）は、京都市山科区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Bishamon-do Temple is Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 平安寺（へいあんじ）は、京都市右京区に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Heian-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sho Sect located in Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 涌泉寺（ゆうせんじ）は、京都市左京区松ヶ崎にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Yusen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sect located in Matsugasaki, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 願徳寺（がんとくじ）は、京都市西京区大原野にある天台宗の寺院。
• Gantoku-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 本感寺（ほんかんじ）は、京都府亀岡市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Honkan-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren Shoshu sect located in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 千光寺（せんこうじ）は、京都府京都市西京区にある黄檗宗の寺院。
• Senko-ji Temple is an Obaku Sect temple in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 清和院（せいわいん）は、京都市上京区にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Seiwa-in Temple is a Chizan School of the Shingon Sect temple located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City

• 法華寺（ほっけじ）は、奈良県奈良市法華寺町にある光明宗の寺院。
• Hokke-ji Temple is a temple of Komyo sect in Hokkeji-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 前述のように、当寺院には「岡寺」「龍蓋寺」の2つの寺号がある。
• As stated above, the temple has two names as jigo: 'Oka-dera Temple' and 'Ryugai-ji Temple'.

• その後、明治25年（1892年）に小寺院として再興されている。
• It was subsequently restored as a small temple in 1892.

• 慈眼院（じげんいん）は大阪府泉佐野市にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Jigen-in Temple is a Shingonshu sect Omuro school temple located in the Izumisano City, Osaka Prefecture.

• 仏覚寺（ぶっかくじ）は、奈良県橿原市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Bukkaku-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren-shoshu sect located in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 見仏寺（けんぶつじ）は、奈良県宇陀市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Kenbutsu-ji Temple, located at Uda City in Nara Prefecture, is the temple of Nichiren Shoshu sect of Buddhism.

• 大親寺（だいしんじ）は奈良県天理市滝本町にある仏教寺院である。
• Daishin-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Takimoto-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.

• 朝廷や寺院が出入りの商工業者に名乗ることを許した非公式な官名。
• They were unofficial names for government posts which the Imperial Court and temples allowed merchants and traders, coming in and going out of the Court and temples, to use.

• 彼女の想いも自分の家を遠く離れ、寺院へとさまよっていたのです。
• Her thoughts wandered away from her home, wandered to the temple,

• いかなる大寺院の円屋根でも、こんなにうつくしい輝きは見ません。
• no church dome could ever gleam so brightly,

• 室町期以後、禅宗の隆盛とともに大陸風の楼閣寺院、茶室が出現する。
• During the Muromachi period and later eras, temples and tea rooms employing a continental-style rokaku increasingly corresponded to the increasing popularity of the zen sect.

• 古代の寺院建築では部材も厚く、本来の構造的な意味合いが強かった。
• In ancient shrine buildings, the material was thick and was required for structural purposes.

• 参道（さんどう）とは、神社や寺院に参詣するための道のことである。
• Sando is the road used for visiting a shrine or temple.

• 個々の門跡寺院に固有の称号ではなく、その時々の住持の出身を指す。
• It was not an inherent title of each monzeki temple but instead indicated the descent of the chief priest.

• ※元亨元年（1321年）、大谷廟堂を寺院化し、「本願寺」となる。
• *in 1321 he turned Otani Mausoleum into a temple, which became 'Hongwan-ji Temple.'

• 和歌山県のある寺院には定朝作と伝えられている地蔵菩薩も存在する。
• There is also a sculpture of a Jizo Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) in a temple in Wakayama Prefecture which is ascribed to Jocho.

• 現在でも寺院の墓地に卵塔が並んでいたら、ほぼ歴代住持の墓である。
• If egg-shaped towers still stand together in the graveyard of a temple, the towers should be the graves of the successive chief priests.

• 禅宗の寺院では、伽藍の守護として韋駄天が祀られていることがある。
• In some Zen temples, Idaten (The Indian deity Skanda, son of Siva and general of his army, who became a protector of the Dharma in Buddhism) is enshrined as a guard of the temple building.

• 臨川寺（りんせんじ）は、京都市右京区にある臨済宗天龍寺派の寺院。
• Rinsen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Rinzai Sect Tenryuji School located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 遍照寺（へんじょうじ）は、京都市右京区にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Henjo-ji Temple, located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a Buddhist temple of the Omuro school of the Shingon sect.

• 正法寺（しょうぼうじ）は、京都市西京区にある真言宗東寺派の寺院。
• Shobo-ji Temple, located in Saikyo Ward, Kyoto City. is a temple of the To-ji school of the Shingon sect.

• 1986年（明治19）年、長者候補寺院に選出、事相本山となった。
• In 1986 it was elected as a candidate temple for choja (chief abbot of the temple) and became the Head Temple for practical training.

• 妙円寺（みょうえんじ）は、京都市左京区松ヶ崎にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Myoen-ji Temple is located in Matsugasaki, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City and is a temple of the Nichiren Sect, founded by Nichiren in 1253.

• そこから寺院の住職が生活する建物を、特に方丈と呼ぶようになった。
• As a result, the word hojo came to mean the construction in which a chief priest lived.

• その起源は、平安時代に奈良の大寺院で製造されていた僧坊酒である。
• The origin of moro-haku was 'soboshu' (monk's sake) which was brewed at major temples in Nara during the Heian period.

• なお、初詣の対象は神社・寺院のいずれでもかまわないとされている。
• It is said that the target of hatsumode can be either a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple.

• 高山藩が天領に転じて後は寺院を中心に伝承されて現在に至っている。
• After Takayama Domain became tenryo (a shogunal demesne), the tea ceremony of Sowa school has been mainly practiced in temples to this day.

• 仏教寺院のチャリティー事業の一環として設置されることが多かった。
• In many cases, Fuseya were established by Buddhist temples as part of their charities.

• 中世においては、祠堂銭を元手とした寺院による金融のことも指した。
• In medieval times, the term Shidosen also referred to the financing provided by temples using Shidosen as capital.

• 当時の伽藍配置や技法には、百済の寺院との共通性が指摘されている。
• It should be noted that the building techniques and positioning of Buddhist temples at that time reflect the style of temples in Paekche.

• これは禅宗寺院の仏堂に多く用いられている（禅宗様あるいは唐様）。
• This is often used in the Buddha halls of Zen sect temples (Zenshu-yo or Kara-yo).

• 日向薬師 - 神奈川県伊勢原市にある真言宗の寺院で山号は日向山。
• Hinata-yakushi Temple - A Shingon sect temple with the honorific mountain prefix Hinatasan located in Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture.

• 「宸殿」は門跡寺院に特有の建物名で、「宸」は「皇帝」の意である。
• The word 'shinden' is only used at temples in which a member of the imperial household resided and the 'shin' part of the word signifies the emperor.

• 寂光院（じゃっこういん）は、京都市左京区大原にある天台宗の寺院。
• Jakko-in Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Ohara, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 松尾寺（まつのおでら）は、京都府舞鶴市にある真言宗醍醐派の寺院。
• Matsuno-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture belonging to the Daigo school of the Shingon Sect.

• 方広寺（ほうこうじ）は、京都市東山区にある天台宗山門派のの寺院。
• Hoko-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Sanmon school of the Tendai Sect located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 禅宗様（ぜんしゅうよう）は、日本の伝統的な寺院建築の様式の一つ。
• Zenshu-yo is one of the traditional temple architectural styles in Japan.

• 後に白河には他にも次々と寺院が作られ、総称して六勝寺と呼ばれた。
• Other temples were later constructed in the Shirakawa area, and these became collectively known as the 'Six Victorious Temples'.

• 二尊院（にそんいん）は、京都市右京区の嵯峨野にある天台宗の寺院。
• Nison-in Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 開山堂（かいさんどう）とは、寺院において開山を祀ったお堂のこと。
• A Kaisan-do hall is a hall dedicated to the founding priest of a temple.

• 乙訓寺（おとくにでら）は京都府長岡京市にある真言宗豊山派の寺院。
• Otokuni-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Buzan school of the Shingon Sect located in Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 日野誕生院（ひのたんじょういん）は、浄土真宗本願寺派の仏教寺院。
• Hino Tanjoin Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Hongan-ji branch of the Pure Land Sect.

• 平等寺（びょうどうじ）は、京都市下京区にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Byodo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chisan School of the Shingon Sect located in Shimogyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 法泉寺（ほうせんじ）は、京都府京田辺市にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Hosen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Sect Chisan School located in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 金光寺（こんこうじ）とは、京都市下京区本塩竈町にある時宗の寺院。
• Konko-ji Temple is a temple of the Jishu sect located in Motoshiogama-cho, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 善能寺（ぜんのうじ）は、京都市東山区にある真言宗泉涌寺派の寺院。
• Zenno-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Sect Sennyu-ji School located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 鉄筋コンクリート造だが、外観は旧・食堂を模した寺院建築風である。
• It is a ferro-concrete structure, but it is in the style of temple architecture modeled after the former Jiki-do Hall.

• 久松寺（きゅうしょうじ）は、奈良県大和郡山市にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Kyusho-ji Temple, located in Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture, is a temple of the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism.

• 栄山寺 （えいさんじ） は奈良県五條市にある真言宗豊山派の寺院。
• Eisan-ji Temple is a temple of the Hozan School of the Shingon Sect located in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture.

• 舎那院（しゃないん）は滋賀県長浜市にある真言宗豊山派の仏教寺院。
• Shana-in Temple is a Buddhist temple in Shingon sect Buzan school in Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 喜光寺（きこうじ）は奈良県奈良市菅原町にある法相宗の寺院である。
• Kiko-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Hossoshu sect (the Dharma Characteristics Sect) which is situated in Sugahara-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 不空院（ふくういん）は奈良県奈良市高畑にある真言律宗の仏教寺院。
• Fuku-in Temple, located at Takahata, Nara City in Nara Prefecture, is the temple of Shingon Ritsu sect of Buddhism.

• 生蓮寺（しょうれんじ）は、奈良県五條市にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Shoren-ji Temple is a Koyasan Shingon sect temple located in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture.

• 延喜12年9月3日に慈恵大師良源が生まれたと伝わる寺院のひとつ。
• It has been said that it is one of the temples where Jikei Daishi Ryogen was born in October 20, 912.

• 月心寺（げっしんじ）は、滋賀県大津市大谷にある臨済宗系単立寺院。
• Gesshin-ji Temple is an independent temple under the Rinzai sect lineage, located in Otani, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 神々に付会される仏は、宗派、信仰、寺院、神社によって違っている。
• Buddhas that are forcibly linked to Shinto gods are different from religion to religion, faith to faith, temple to temple and shrine to shrine.

• 元々は陰陽道や寺院で作られたものが神道にも導入されたものである。
• Originally it was developed by Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; an occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) and temples and introduced into the Shinto religion.

• バッキンガム宮殿、国会議事堂、およびウエストミンスター寺院を含む
• contains Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey

• 日本に仏教が伝来し、普及したころ神道では寺院建築を瓦屋根と呼んだ。
• When Buddhism was brought to Japan and came to be practiced widely, temple buildings were called Kawara-yane (tiled roofs).
• When Buddhism was brought to Japan and became widely practiced, temple buildings were called Kawara-yane (tiled roofs).

• 京都・奈良市の大寺院の雑役に服する大衆（堂衆）が自衛武装したもの。
• Historically, Daishu (Doshu), those who belonged to big temples in Kyoto and Nara City and were engaged in odd jobs, and armed themselves for self-defense and became Sohei.

• しかし混乱の中、一部の僧侶は長谷寺や智積院の寺院に逃げ難を逃れた。
• However, in the confusion, some priests reached Hasedera Temple and Chishakuin Temple and survived.

• 1月成人の日 成人式（各寺院で檀信徒に新成人がいない年は行わない）
• Coming-of-age celebration in January: Ceremony of coming-of-age celebration (this event is not held in the years when there are no believer who become adults in each temple)

• 平安時代の寺院は国の管理下にあり、（官）僧は言わば公務員であった。
• Temples during the Heian period were under the control of the government and (public) monks were basically public servants.

• 輪蔵（りんぞう）とは、仏教の寺院内等に設けられる経蔵の一種である。
• Rinzo means a type of sutra warehouse that is built within a Buddhist temple.

• 金剛寺（こんごうじ）は京都府亀岡市にある臨済宗天龍寺派の仏教寺院。
• Kongo-ji Temple, a Buddhist temple of the Tenryu-ji school of the Rinzai sect, is located in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 地蔵院（じぞういん）は、京都市北区 (京都市)にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jizo-in Temple, located in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Jodo sect.

• 浄土院（じょうどいん）は、京都市左京区銀閣寺町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jodo-in Temple, located in Ginkakuji-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• 猫寺（ねこでら）は、日本各地に見られる、ネコに縁が深い寺院の通称。
• Neko-dera is the common name for temples deeply linked to cats that exist all over Japan.

• 1871年、寺領上知令や祠堂金廃止令により、時宗寺院は窮地に陥る。
• In 1871 Jiryo Agechi-rei (Decree Confiscating Temples' Estates) and Shidokin Haishi-rei (Decree Abolishing Offerings) were issued and the temples of the Ji sect experienced the biggest difficulties.

• 宗務支所 -支所長・任期3年　各宗務支所下の寺院住職による輪番制。
• Temple branch office - Branch chief/Three-year term: Rotation by the temple chief priest under the each temple branch office

• 中世においては催馬楽のつくりかえの歌が寺院の法会などでうたわれた。
• In the medieval period, modified songs of Saibara were sung in a hoe (Buddhist mass) in temples etc.

• 多くは神社、寺院の前に置いてある賽銭箱に投入する金銭のことを言う。
• It mainly refers to money which is thrown in Saisenbako (offertory boxes) placed in front of shrines or temples.

• 中世には、現世に失望し来世の幸福を願い沢山の人々が寺院へ巡礼した。
• In medieval times, people that despaired of their world, made a pilgrimage to temples in hope of happiness in the afterlife.

• 奈良時代に仏教寺院で行われていた伎楽は、次のような上演様態をもつ。
• Performance style of gigaku played at Buddhist temples during the Nara period is as follows.

• 一揆軍は京都と外部の連絡を断った上で、酒屋、土倉、寺院を襲撃した。
• The army of uprisers cut off communication between Kyoto and outside areas, and then attacked sake shops, doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), and temples.

• （当時、有力寺院が周囲の他宗派の中小寺院に対して末寺化していた）。
• (At that time, prominent temples were in control and made small or medium temples of other sects become their branch temples.

• 布施屋の運営主体は大きく分けて「寺院」と「国府」の2つに分かれる。
• The management of Fuseya mainly constituted either 'temples' or 'kokufu' (provincial offices).

• その結果、そうした資金を祠堂銭の元手として運用する寺院も多かった。
• As a result, many temples invested these funds as capital for Shidosen.

• 穴太は、西国三十三ヵ所の札所寺院である穴太寺があることで知られる。
• Ano is known for the Anao-ji Temple, one of the Saigoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage temples.

• 鞍馬寺（くらまでら）は、京都府京都市左京区鞍馬本町にある仏教寺院。
• Kurama-dera Temple is a buddhist temple located in Kurama Honmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 霊山寺（りょうぜんじ、りょうせんじ、れいざんじ）は仏教寺院の名称。
• Ryozen-ji/Ryosen-ji/Reizan-ji is the name of a Buddhist temple.

• 霊山寺 (富山市) - 富山県富山市にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。
• Ryozen-ji Temple (Toyama City) - A True Pure Land sect Hongan-ji School temple located in Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture.

• 日本三大一覧寺院・仏像のひとつ「青不動」のある寺としても知られる。
• The temple is also known for its painting of the Blue Acala, one of the Three Great Acalas of Japan.

• 青蓮院、妙法院とともに、天台宗の三門跡寺院の1つに数えられている。
• It is one of the Three Monzeki Temples of the Tendai Sect along with Shoren-in Temple and Myoho-in Temple.

• 平等院（びょうどういん）は、京都府宇治市にある藤原氏ゆかりの寺院。
• Byodo-in Temple is a temple connected to the Fujiwara clan located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 医王山 浄瑠璃寺 (松山市) - 愛媛県松山市にある真言宗の寺院。
• Iozan Joruri-ji Temple (Matsuyama City): A Shingon Sect temple located in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture.

• 即成院（そくじょういん）は、京都府京都市東山区にある真言宗の寺院。
• Sokujo-in Temple is a Shingon Sect Buddhist temple in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 大念寺（だいねんじ）は京都府乙訓郡大山崎町にある浄土宗の仏教寺院。
• Dainen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Pure Land Sect located in Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 安祥寺（あんしょうじ）は京都市山科区にある高野山真言宗の仏教寺院。
• Ansho-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Koyasan Shingon Sect located in Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City.

• 西明寺（さいみょうじ）は、京都市右京区にある真言宗大覚寺派の寺院。
• Saimyo-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Daikaku-ji school of the Shingon Sect located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 安聖寺（あんせいじ）は京都府京都市北区にあった臨済宗聖一派の寺院。
• Ansei-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shoichi school of Rinzai Sect located in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 宣照寺（せんしょうじ）は、京都府京都市伏見区にある日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Sensho-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sho Sect in Fushimi-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 顕妙寺（けんみょうじ）は、京都府福知山市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Kenmyo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Shoshu Sect located in Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 一言寺（いちごんじ）は、京都市伏見区醍醐にある真言宗の寺院である。
• Ichigon-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Sect located in Daigo, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.

• 妙泰寺（みょうたいじ）は、京都府京丹後市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Myotai-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren Shoshu sect located in Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 上徳寺（じょうとくじ）は、京都市下京区本塩竈町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jotoku-ji Temple is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect located in Motoshiogama-cho, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• しかし中世以降次第に衰退して、現在は次の2つの寺院に分かれている。
• However, having gradually declined since the medieval period, the temple is now divided into two temples as follows.

• 極楽院は奈良西大寺 (奈良市)の末寺となって真言律宗寺院となった。
• Gokuraku-in Temple became a branch temple of Saidai-ji Temple in Nara City, belonging to the Shingon Ritsu sect.

• （門跡寺院とは、代々皇族、貴族などが住持する格式の高い寺のこと。）
• (A monzeki temple is a prestigious temple where members of imperial family and nobility resided for the priesthood for generations.)

• 岡寺（おかでら）は、奈良県高市郡明日香村にある真言宗豊山派の寺院。
• Oka-dera Temple located in Asuka-mura, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture is a temple of the Shingo sect Buzan school.

• 現在では真言宗豊山派の寺院だが、義淵僧正は日本の法相宗の祖である。
• It is now a temple of the Shingo sect Buzan school, but a high Buddhist priest, Gien Sojo was the founder of the Dharma Characteristics (Hosso) school of Japan.

• 大安寺（だいあんじ）は、奈良県奈良市にある高野山真言宗の仏教寺院。
• Daian-ji Temple, located in Nara City, Nara Prefecture, is a Buddhist temple of the Koya-san Shingon Sect.

• 長弓寺（ちょうきゅうじ）は、奈良県生駒市上町にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Chokyu-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect, located in Kamimachi, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 子嶋寺（こじまでら）は奈良県高市郡高取町にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Kojima-dera Temple is a temple of the Shingon sect located in Takatori-cho, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• 長福寺（ちょうふくじ）は、奈良県生駒市俵口町にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Chofuku-ji Temple is a temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect of Buddhism, situated at Tawaraguchicho, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 久米寺（くめでら）は、奈良県橿原市久米町にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Kume-dera Temple, located in Kume Town, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, is a temple that belongs to the Omuro school of the Shingon sect of Buddhism.

• 吉田寺（きちでんじ）は奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町にある浄土宗の寺院である。
• Kichiden-ji is a temple of the Jodoshu sect of Buddhism located in Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture.

• 浄厳院（じょうごんいん）は、滋賀県蒲生郡安土町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Jogon-in Temple is a Jodo (Pure Land) sect temple located in Azuchi-cho, Gamo-gun, Shiga Prefecture.

• 妙住寺（みょうじゅうじ）は、奈良県五條市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Myoju-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren-shoshu sect located in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture.

• 神野寺（こうのじ）は、奈良県山辺郡山添村にある真言宗豊山派の寺院。
• Kono-ji Temple, located at Yamazoe-mura, Yamabe-gun in Nara Prefecture, is the temple of the Buzan school of Shingon Buddhism.

• 阿弥陀寺（あみだじ）は滋賀県高島市新旭町にある真言律宗の仏教寺院。
• Amida-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of Shingon Risshu sect located in Shinasahi-cho, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture.

• エルサレムの寺院の再び奉献されたことを記念する8日間のユダヤの祝日
• an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC

• これにより、多くの寺院の経営が立ち行かなくなり、廃寺に追い込まれた。
• Consequently, many temples began to experience difficulties in their management, so that they were forced to become defunct.

• 現代の寺院建築用語・文化財用語としては、一般に裳階付き単層塔である。
• Today's temple architects and cultural property experts define tahoto as a single-level tower with a Mokoshi (pent roof).

• 立本寺（りゅうほんじ）は、京都市上京区にある日蓮宗本山（由緒寺院）。
• Ryuhon-ji Temple, located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is one of the original temples (with a long historical lineage) of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism.

• 法輪寺（ほうりんじ）は京都市上京区にある臨済宗妙心寺派の寺院である。
• Horin-ji Temple, located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Myoshin-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect.

• 具体的には、仏教の檀信徒であることの証明を寺院から請ける制度である。
• Specifically, it was the system that had every person obtain the certification of their Buddhist faith from a temple.

• 本堂（ほんどう）とは、仏教寺院において、本尊仏を安置する建物の呼称。
• Hondo is the building of a Buddhist temple in which the main object of worship is enshrined.

• また入仏開眼や寺院の落慶法要では大量の散華が撒かれ、見ごたえがある。
• At Nyubutsu Kaigen (the ceremony to consecrate a newly made Buddhist statue) and rakkei hoyo (a memorial service to celebrate the construction of a temple) of temples, a large amount of sange is scattered, making an impressive scene.

• また、人々には必ずいずれかの寺院に登録させるようにした（寺請制度）。
• In addition, under the 'terauke seido' (temple guarantee system), people were forced to register with any temple.

• 床を高く張ることについては、土間を基本とする寺院建築と対照的である。
• A highly raised floor presents a sharp contrast to doma, or earthen floor, a basic element of Buddhist architecture.

• 神宮寺は神社に建てられた寺院のことで、神仏習合の初期段階で登場した。
• Jinguji are temples which were built within a shrine; it emerged at an early phase of the syncretic process of Shinto and Buddhism.

• この大陸様式の寺院建築に、新しい建具技術としての桟唐戸が用いられた。
• For this type of temple architecture in continental style, the sangarado was used as a new fitting technique.

• 参拝（さんぱい）とは、神社や寺院に行って神仏を拝む行為のことである。
• Sanpai is an act of visiting a shrine or a temple and praying to gods or Buddha.

• 鳴神上人は、寺院建立を約束に皇子誕生の祈祷を行い、これを成功させる。
• Saint Narukami prayed for the birth of a prince in exchange for making then emperor build a temple, and succeeds.

• 平安時代以降、皇族が門跡となっている寺院などに対して院号が許された。
• After the Heian period, temples where members of Imperial Family entered priesthood were allowed to have the Ingo.

• 巡礼者の増加に伴い、各寺院の財政が潤っていることを端的に示している。
• This clearly shows that each fudasho temple is in good financial shape due to the increasing number of pilgrims

• 密教や末法思想が広く信じられ、神仏習合が進み、寺院が多く建てられた。
• Esoteric Buddhism and Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) were believed widely, syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism advanced, and many temples were built.

• その反面、個人から寺院へ田地を施入（寄付）することは禁止されていた。
• On the other hand, it was prohibited to donate farmland to temples personally.

• こうして神社が寺院に接近する一方、寺院も神社側への接近を示している。
• While shrines came close to temples, temples also came close to shrines.

• なお、鎌倉幕府や寺院でもこれを模範として似たような法典が整備された。
• The same sorts of legal codes were established by Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and temples.

• 仏教公伝（538年）以降、日本でも寺院建築が建てられるようになった。
• The construction of temples also began after the official introduction of Buddhism to Japan in 538.

• 公家の政所や寺院の僧綱などにおいてもこれに倣った文書管理が行われた。
• The document management following this was also done in Kuge's Mandokoro (administrative board), sogo (office of monastic affairs) of temples, and so on.

• 「本堂」は日本の仏教寺院の中心堂宇としてもっとも一般的な名称である。
• Hondo' is the most common way of referring to the central hall of Japanese Buddhist temples.

• 知恩院（ちおんいん）は、京都府京都市東山区にある浄土宗総本山の寺院。
• Chion-in Temple, situated in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is the headquarters of the Pure Land sect of Buddhism.

• 壬生寺（みぶでら）は、京都市中京区壬生にある律宗大本山の寺院である。
• Mibu-dera Temple is the grand head temple of the Ritsu Sect located in Mibu, Nakagyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 梅照院（ばいしょういん）とは、東京都中野区にある真言宗豊山派の寺院。
• Baisho-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Buzan school of the Shingon Sect located in Nakano Ward, Tokyo.

• 高台寺（こうだいじ）は京都府京都市東山区にある臨済宗建仁寺派の寺院。
• Kodai-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Kennin-ji Temple school of the Rinzai Sect located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 時の権力の変遷にともなって法住寺はいくつかの近隣寺院と関係をもった。
• Hoju-ji Temple became connected to several temples as power changed hands over the years.

• 妙法院（みょうほういん）は京都市東山区にある天台宗の仏教寺院である。
• Myoho-in Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 常念寺（じょうねんじ）は京都府木津川市加茂町にある西教寺の仏教寺院。
• Jonen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Kamo-cho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 養源院（ようげんいん）は、京都市東山区にある浄土真宗遣迎院派の寺院。
• Yogen-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Gengo-in school of the True Pure Land Sect located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• すべての寺院に「勝」の字が付くことからこれらの寺を六勝寺と総称した。
• These temples became collectively known as Rokusho-ji (lit. Six Sho Temples) as each of their names consist of the character 'sho' (meaning victory).

• 大寧寺（たいねいじ）は山口県長門市深川湯本にある曹洞宗の寺院である。
• Tainei-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Soto Sect located in Fukawayumoto, Nagato City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.

• 八塔寺（はっとうじ）は、岡山県備前市（旧吉永町）にある天台宗の寺院。
• Hatto-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai sect located in Bizen City, Okayama Prefecture (the former Yoshinaga-cho).

• 唐招提寺（とうしょうだいじ）は、奈良市五条町にある鑑真ゆかりの寺院。
• Toshodai-ji Temple, located in Gojo-cho, Nara city, is noted in connection with Jianzhen.

• 平等寺（びょうどうじ）は、奈良県桜井市三輪にある現在は曹洞宗の寺院。
• Located at Miwa Sakurai City Nara Prefecture, Byodo-ji Temple now belongs to the Soto sect.

• 室生寺（むろうじ）は、奈良県宇陀市にある真言宗室生寺派大本山の寺院。
• Muro-ji Temple is a temple located in Uda City, Nara Prefecture, which is the head temple of Shingon sect Muro-ji school.

• 南法華寺（みなみほっけじ）は、奈良県高市郡高取町にある真言宗の寺院。
• Minamihokke-ji Temple located in Takatori-cho, Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture is a temple of the Shingon sect.

• 瑞龍寺（ずいりゅうじ）は滋賀県近江八幡市の八幡山山頂にある仏教寺院。
• Zuiryu-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple which stands at the top of Hachimanyama, Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 長岳寺（ちょうがくじ）は奈良県天理市柳本町にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Chogaku-ji Temple is a temple of the Koyasan Shingon sect located in Yanagimoto-cho,Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.

• 幡岳寺（ばんがくじ）は、滋賀県高島市マキノ町中庄にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Bangaku-ji Temple is a temple of the Soto sect located in Nakasho, Makino-cho, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 千光寺（せんこうじ）は、奈良県生駒郡平群町にある真言宗醍醐派の寺院。
• Senko-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Daigo school of the Shingon sect situated in Heguri-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture.

• 甲賀寺（こうがじ）は、奈良時代中期紫香楽宮の近くにあった寺院である。
• Koga-ji Temple had existed near Shigaraki no miya in the mid Nara period.

• 金輪院（こんりんいん）は、奈良県大和郡山市小泉町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Konrin-in Temple is a temple of the Tendai sect located in Koizumi-cho, Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture.

• 竹林院（ちくりんいん）は、奈良県吉野郡吉野町吉野山にある単立の寺院。
• Chikurin-in Temple is a nonsectarian temple located in Yoshinoyama, Yoshino Town, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture.

• 江戸時代には醍醐寺三宝院に属して当山派修験道の中心的な寺院であった。
• The temple belonged to Sanbo-in of Daigo-ji Temple and played a leading role in Tozan sect of Shugendo in the Edo period.

• 法雲寺（ほううんじ）は、奈良県生駒郡平群町に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Houn-ji Temple is a Nichiren Sho sect temple located in Heguri-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• 南明寺（なんみょうじ）は奈良県奈良市阪原町にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Nanmyo-ji Temple is a Omuro school of the Shingon sect temple located in Sakahara-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 福智院（ふくちいん）は、奈良県奈良市のならまちにある真言律宗の寺院。
• Fukuchi-in is a temple of Shingon Risshu sect located in Naramachi, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 国分寺（こくぶんじ）は、奈良県橿原市北八木2丁目にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Kokubun-ji is a Buddhist temple of Jodo Sect located in 2-chome, Kitayagi, Kashihara City Nara Prefecture.

• 財福としてはヴィシュヌや地天の化身として、インドの寺院にて祀られる。
• A deity of fortune, Maha kala is enshrined in Indian Temples as an incarnation of Vishnu or Jiten.

• また寺院用の物は、「磬子」（きんす）・「磬」・「鏧」などと呼ばれる。
• The rin for temples are called 'kinsu', 'kin', or 'kei'.

• 奈良時代の役所や大寺院には多数の倉が並んでいたことが記録から知られる。
• Records have revealed that many warehouses were built in government offices and large temples during the Nara period.

• それらの寺院は、現在43ヶ寺あり「二十四輩寺院」と呼ばれ存続している。
• The number of the temples founded by the Kanto followers are now 43, and they survive to this day being called 'Temples founded by twenty-four followers of Shinran'.

• 江戸幕府が成立すると、寺院法度などにより寺社への締め付けが厳しくなる。
• After the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, its control of temples became tighter through the establishment of jiinhatto (laws for temples), and so on.

• 収穫祭・感謝祭の意味も含めて春または秋に全国の寺院や八幡神で催される。
• The ritual encompasses harvest festivals and thanksgiving festivals, and is conducted in spring and autumn in Buddhist temples and Hachimanshin (God of War) throughout Japan.

• 各宗派の本山寺院の内陣を模して造られるため、宗派によりつくりが異なる。
• Since this shumidan is designed in imitation of the inner sanctuary of the head temple of each sect, its configuration differs by sect.

• したがって、住職は寺院の財産を私的に用いる（相続など）ことは出来ない。
• Thus the head priest can not use the property of the temple as his own property (inheritance, and so on).

• 海外では50か国弱で法華講が存在し、寺院や布教所などが建立されている。
• Hokke Ko exist in about fifty countries overseas, and there are some temples or propagation offices which were built.

• 法性寺（ほっしょうじ）は、京都市東山区にある浄土宗西山禅林寺派の寺院。
• Hossho-ji Temple is part of the Seizanzenrin-ji School, Jodo Sect, in Higashiyama-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 多宝塔（たほうとう）は、寺院建築のうち仏塔における形式のひとつである。
• Tahoto (literally, 'multiple-treasure pagoda') represent an architecture of pagodas, which are religious buildings in Asia.

• 当初は密教（真言宗）の寺院で、禅宗寺院になるのは南北朝時代以降である。
• Initially, it was founded as a temple of Esoteric Buddhism (Shingon Sect) and became a Zen Sect temple after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

• 祇王寺（ぎおうじ）は、京都市右京区にある真言宗大覚寺派の寺院（尼寺）。
• Gio-ji Temple, located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple (nunnery) of the Daikakuji school of the Shingon sect.

• 酬恩庵（しゅうおんあん）は、京都府京田辺市にある臨済宗大徳寺派の寺院。
• Shuon-an Temple, located in Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of Rinzai sect's Daitoku-ji school.

• 十輪寺（じゅうりんじ）は、京都市西京区大原野小塩町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Jurin-ji Temple, a temple of the Tendai Sect, is located in Oshio-cho, Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• この寺は、最澄の開山により創建された天台宗の寺院に始まると伝えられる。
• It is said to have originated as a temple of the Tendai sect, having been built by Saicho, the kaisan (a founder of temple as the first chief priest).

• 長福寺（ちょうふくじ）は、京都市右京区梅津にある臨済宗南禅寺派の寺院。
• Chofuku-ji Temple, located in Umezu, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Nanzen-ji school of the Rinzai sect.

• 九品寺（くほんじ）は、京都市南区 (京都市)東九条にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Kuhon-ji Temple, located in Higashi Kujo, Minami Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• 赤山禅院（せきざんぜんいん）は、京都市左京区修学院にある天台宗の寺院。
• Sekizanzenin Temple, located at Shugakuin, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Tendai sect.

• 林丘寺（りんきゅうじ）は、京都市左京区修学院にある臨済宗系の単立寺院。
• The Rinkyu-ji Temple is an independent temple of the Rinzai sect at Shugakuin, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• また、寺院内に石垣や堀を巡らせる等の一種の城塞化を進める寺院も現れた。
• In addition, fortified temples with stone walls and moats within the precincts began to appear.

• 幼い頃、浄土宗の寺院に預けられていたが、文明年間初め頃に加賀国に下る。
• When he was a child, he was placed with a temple of Jodoshu sect, but in about 1470, he moved to Kaga Province.

• 越前五郷には浄土真宗派の寺院があり、名塩の源照寺なども真宗派であった。
• There were some temples of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) in the Echizen go-go, and the Gensho-ji Temple in Najio was also a temple of the Jodo Shinshu Sect.

• ごく少数の寺院もあるが、ほとんどが神道系で、神社や祠（ほこら）である。
• There are few Buddhism temples, but almost all are Shinto facilities like shrines and hokora (small shrines)

• 一般的な参拝方法の大きな流れは、神社・寺院とも以下のようなものである。
• The major steps in the procedure of sanpai to a shrine or a temple are generally as follows:

• 他に禅宗寺院では「祝麺」と呼んで祝い事の昼食に素麺を食べる習慣がある。
• Furthermore, there is a custom of eating somen called 'celebration noodles' for lunch in a celebration event in Temples of the Zen sect.

• 翌年の文化14年（1817年）、京都山科の門跡寺院・勧修寺を相続した。
• He inherited Kaju-ji Temple, a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of the imperial family and nobility entered the priesthood) in Yamashina, Kyoto in the following year 1817.

• さらに、興福寺、法華寺、新薬師寺など多くの寺院の創建や整備に関わった。
• In addition, she founded and renovated many temples, such as Kofuku-ji Temple, Hokke-ji Temple and Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple.

• 日蓮宗徒の町衆は細川晴元らの軍勢と手を結んで一向宗寺院を焼き討ちした。
• The Nichiren-sect followers of Machi-shu joined up with the military power of Harumoto HOSOKAWA and set fire to the Ikko sect temples.

• - 寺院が多く集まってできた町で、江戸時代の城下町やその周辺に多かった
• town formed with many temples, many of teramachi were in Jokamachi or in the vicinity of Jokamachi during the Edo period

• 有力な仏教寺院が中心に存在し、規模が大きくなる場合は「寺内町」となる。
• Moat settlements which grew in scale with an influential Buddhist temple at its center came to be known as Jinai-cho (literally a town with a temple inside).

• 飛鳥寺や四天王寺は、発願者の意図と違って国家的な寺院（官寺）であった。
• Contrary to the intentions of devotees, Asuka-dera Temple and Shitenno-ji Temple became state-administered temples.

• 前者二つは朝鮮半島における仏教寺院中における大雄殿、三聖閣に該当する。
• The first and the second correspond to Daeungjeon Hall and Samseonggak Hall in Buddhist temples of Korean Peninsula.

• 東大寺文書 - 日本に数ある寺院文書のなかでも、最重要のもののひとつ。
• 'Todai-ji Temple archives'-One of the most important sources among the many maintained at the Japanese temples.

• 寺院の障壁画なども多く手掛けており、その功績からか法橋に叙されている。
• He had also worked on many of the wall paintings of temples, and through those great achievements or another, he was conferred the rank of Hokyo.

• 神社に社殿が設置されるようになる過程には仏教寺院の影響もあるとされる。
• The incorporation of main halls into Shinto shrines was due to the influence of Buddhist temples.

• ただし、泉涌寺のように禅宗以外の寺院でも「仏殿」を称するところもある。
• However, some non-Zen sect temples such as Sennyu-ji Temple also use the word 'butsuden.'

• 本能寺（ほんのうじ）は、京都府京都市中京区にある、法華宗本門流の寺院。
• Honno-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Hokke-shu Hommon-ryu Sect located in Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 頂法寺（ちょうぼうじ）は、京都府京都市中京区にある天台宗系の単立寺院。
• Choho-ji Temple is an independent Tendai Sect temple located in Nakagyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 浄瑠璃寺（じょうるりじ）は、京都府木津川市加茂町にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Joruri-ji Temple is a Shingon Ritsu Sect temple located in Kamocho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 高台寺の開山は慶長11年（1606年）で、当初は曹洞宗の寺院であった。
• Kodai-ji Temple was founded in 1606 and was originally devoted to the Soto Sect.

• 光悦寺（こうえつじ）は京都市北区 (京都市)鷹ヶ峰にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Koetsu-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sect located in Takagamine, Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• 宝泉院（ほうせんいん）は、京都・大原にある、天台宗の寺院の一つである。
• Hosen-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Ohara, Kyoto.

• 岩船寺（がんせんじ）は京都府木津川市加茂町にある真言律宗の寺院である。
• Gansen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Ritsu Sect located in Kamo-cho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 峰定寺（ぶじょうじ）は、京都市左京区花背原地町にある本山修験宗の寺院。
• Bujo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Honzan Shugen Sect located in Hanase Harachi-cho, Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 明月院 (めいげついん)は、神奈川県鎌倉市にある臨済宗建長寺派の寺院。
• Meigetsu-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Kencho-ji School of the Rinzai Sect located in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture.

• 寺院の中で仏の仮の姿である神（権現）を祀る神社が営まれるようになった。
• This led to the construction of Shinto shrines within Buddhist temples in which to enshrine the temporary kami forms (gongen) that Buddhist deities were believed to assumed.

• 西寿寺（さいじゅじ）は京都府京都市右京区鳴滝泉谷町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Saiju-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) located in Narutaki Izumitaki-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 新薬師寺（しんやくしじ）は、奈良市高畑福井町にある華厳宗の寺院である。
• Shinyakushi-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of Kegon sect in Fukui-cho, Takabatake, Nara City.

• 當麻寺（当麻寺、たいまでら）は、奈良県葛城市にある飛鳥時代創建の寺院。
• The Taima-dera Temple is a temple founded during the Asuka period and located in Katsuragi City, Nara Prefecture.

• 1977年（昭和52）、曹洞宗の寺院、「三輪山平等寺」として再興した。
• In 1977, the temple was reconstructed as a Zen temple, 'Miwa-san Byodo-ji Temple' of the Soto sect.

• 本尊の聖観音立像は、滋賀県内の多くの天台寺院の本尊と同様、秘仏である。
• The principal image: the standing statue of Sho-Kannon is withheld from public view like many other principal images of Tendai temples in Shiga Prefecture.

• 宝山寺（ほうざんじ）は、奈良県生駒市門前町にある真言律宗大本山の寺院。
• Hozan-ji Temple is the Grand Head Temple of Shingon Risshu sect in Monzen-cho, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture.

• 観音正寺（かんのんしょうじ）は、滋賀県蒲生郡安土町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Kannonsho-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai sect located in Azuchi-cho, Gamo County, Shiga Prefecture.

• 聖林寺（しょうりんじ）は奈良県桜井市にある真言宗室生寺派の寺院である。
• Shorin-ji Temple is a temple of the Muro-ji school of Shingon sect located in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.

• 安倍文殊院(あべもんじゅいん)は奈良県桜井市にある華厳宗の寺院である。
• Abemonju-in Temple is a temple of the Kegon sect in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.

• 達磨寺（だるまじ）は、奈良県北葛城郡王寺町にある臨済宗南禅寺派の寺院。
• Daruma-ji Temple is a temple of the Nanzen-ji school of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism, located in Oji-machi, Kita-katsuragi County, Nara Prefecture.

• 世尊寺（せそんじ）は奈良県吉野郡大淀町上比曾にある曹洞宗の寺院である。
• Seson-ji Temple is a Sotoshu sect of Zen Buddhism temple located in Kamihiso, Oyodo-cho, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture.

• 義仲寺（ぎちゅうじ）は、滋賀県大津市馬場にある単立（天台宗系）の寺院。
• Gichu-ji Temple is a nonsectarian temple (Tendai sect lineage) in Bamba, Otsu City, Shiga prefecture.

• 隆妙寺（りゅうみょうじ）は、奈良県大和高田市に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Ryumyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren-shoshu sect located in Yamato-takada City, Nara Prefecture.

• 大和三山の耳成山と畝傍山のほぼ中央に位置する寺院で、本尊は十一面観音。
• The temple is positioned roughly in between Mt. Mimimashi and Mt. Unebi, two of the Three Mountains of Yamato, and its principal image of Budda is Juichimen Kannon (Eleven-faced Kannon).

• のちに寺院以外の建造物や一定の区域の土地にも鎮守神を祀るようになった。
• Then, chinju gami started to be enshrined in structures other than temples or certain areas of land.

• 寺院の石工を任されていたが、高い技術を買われて、安土城の石垣を施工した。
• They were initially put in charge of stone masonry at temples but, with their excellent skills being recognized, they installed the stone walls of Azuchi-jo Castle.

• 日本でも、太鼓楼として寺院や神社などの宗教施設敷地内に見ることができる。
• Also in Japan, drum towers referred to as taiko-ro tower can be seen inside religious institutions such as temples and shrines.

• 鎌倉時代初期頃からは皇族や摂家等の子弟が特定の寺院に出家するようになる。
• Since around the beginning of the Kamakura period, children of the Imperial Family and the sekke (the line of regents and advisers) came to be priests at specific temples.

• 曼殊院（まんしゅいん）は京都市左京区一乗寺にある天台宗の仏教寺院である。
• Manshuin Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Tendai Sect that is located at Ichijo-ji Temple in Sakyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 火災の原因は寺院建物で使用されていた火鉢の残り火が原因であったとされる。
• The blaze resulted from the left-over fire of a brazier used in the temple building.

• 納経は寺院が主導し、多数作善思想のもと多数の人が加わって行われたという。
• The practice was led and guided by temples and many people participated who were motivated by the Tasu sazen shiso theory (a belief that good deeds will bring them more blessing).

• 頂妙寺（ちょうみょうじ）は、京都市左京区仁王門通新麩屋町西入にある寺院。
• Chomyo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Nishiiri (the west) of Shinfuya-machi, Niomon-dori, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 鹿苑寺・慈照寺とともに相国寺の3つの山外塔頭を構成する寺院の1つである。
• Shinnyo-ji Temple is one of the three sub-temples outside the Shokoku-ji Temple site, along with the Rokuon-ji and Jisho-ji temples.

• 三時知恩寺（さんじちおんじ）は、京都市上京区にある浄土宗の寺院（尼寺）。
• Sanji Chion-ji Temple, located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple (nunnery) of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• この寺は、かつて慈照寺（銀閣寺）の場所に浄土寺という天台宗寺院があった。
• Once there was a temple of the Tendai sect, called Jodo-ji Temple, but that site is now occupied by Jisho-ji Temple (Ginkaku-ji Temple).

• 金胎寺（こんたいじ）は、京都府相楽郡和束町原山にある真言宗醍醐派の寺院。
• Kontai-ji Temple, located at Harayama, Wazuka-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto Prefecture, is part of the Daigo school of the Shingon sect.

• 大雲寺（だいうんじ）は、京都市左京区岩倉にある単立（天台証門宗）の寺院。
• The Daiun-ji Temple is an independent temple (the Tendai Shomon sect) located in Iwakura, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 晋山式（しんざん しき）とは、寺院に新たな住職が就任する際の儀式を言う。
• Shinzan shiki refers to a ceremony when a new chief priest comes into a temple.

• 寺院の統制と武装解除は続く江戸幕府でも大きな問題として引き継がれていく。
• The regulation and disarmament of temples would also be a big issue for the Edo shogunate.

• 寺院開創の創立者を開基、寺院の宗派のうえでの開創僧侶のことを開山という。
• The founder of a temple is called Kaiki, and the priest who builds a temple of his sect is called Kaizan.

• 破魔矢（はまや）とは、正月の縁起物として寺院・神社で授与される矢である。
• Hamaya is an arrow given as a lucky charm of the New Year by a temple and/or a Shinto shrine.

• 飛鳥時代から奈良時代に寺院の法会でさかんに上演されたが、次第に衰退した。
• It was widely played for Buddhist services at temples throughout Japan during the Asuka to Nara periods, but gradually declined in later periods.

• 本来、巡禮とは日本における各地の神社、寺院を訪ね巡り礼拝することである。
• Originally, Junrei (pilgrimage) meant to travel and visit shrines and temples throughout Japan for the purpose of worship at each location.

• 布施屋自体が仏教的発想の産物であるため、運営には必ず仏教寺院が関わった。
• As a Fuseya itself was a product of Buddhist thought, Buddhist temples were invariably involved in their operations.

• 初日ないし最終日には法会と共に各寺院の得度を朝廷から賜る儀礼が行われた。
• On the first or final day of a Kinomidokyo, a ritual was performed through the Imperial Court, together with a hoe, for those entering into Buddhist priesthood at each temple.

• 既成の寺院から離れて別所と呼ばれる地をその活動拠点とすることが多かった。
• They often had a place called a Bessho for their activities, apart from the existing temples.

• また、仏像、絵画、書道、寺院建築など、造形芸術の各方面で和様が確立した。
• And the Japanese style was established in every field of art and design, such as Buddhist statues, painting, calligraphy, and temple architecture.

• 居村に檀家が無く他村に檀家の多い寺院は、最寄りの寺院に合併したらどうか。
• If the temple has no Buddhist parishioner in the village and many Buddhist parishioners in other village, should the temple be merged with the nearest temple?

• 龍安寺（りょうあんじ）は、京都府京都市右京区にある臨済宗妙心寺派の寺院。
• A temple belonging to the Myoshinji school of the Rinzai sect, Ryoan-ji Temple is located in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto city.

• 中心となる建築物である舎利殿を「金閣」、寺院全体を「金閣寺」と通称する。
• The entire temple, of which the Shariden Hall (reliquary hall) known as 'Kinkaku' is central, is commonly known as 'Kinkakuji Temple.'

• 「金堂」という名称は、奈良時代から平安時代創建の寺院で多く使われている。
• Kondo' is mainly used in reference to those temples constructed between the Nara Period and the Heian Period.

• 相国寺（しょうこくじ）は、京都市上京区にある臨済宗相国寺派大本山の寺院。
• Shokoku-ji temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City is the head temple of the Rinzai sect Shokoku-ji School of Zen Buddhism.

• 総門を入ると、参道の左右にいくつかの塔頭（たっちゅう、山内寺院）がある。
• Entering through Somon Gate, there are several sub-temples on both sides of the sando (approach/entrance path).

• 清凉寺（せいりょうじ）は、京都府京都市右京区嵯峨野 にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Seiryo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Pure Land sect located in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 高山寺（こうざんじ）は、京都市右京区梅ヶ畑栂尾（とがのお）町にある寺院。
• Kozan-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple situated in Toganoo-cho, Umegahata, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 比叡山内の寺院の多くは、山麓の平地に「里坊」と呼ばれる拠点をもっていた。
• Many of the temples on Mt. Hiei possessed a monk's quarters called a 'satobo' on the level ground at the base of the mountain.

• 法住寺（ほうじゅうじ）は日本の京都市東山区にある天台宗の仏教寺院である。
• Hoju-ji Temple is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 乙宝寺（おっぽうじ）は新潟県胎内市乙（きのと）にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Oppo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan School of the Shingon Sect located in Kinoto, Tainai City, Niigata Prefecture.

• 大峯山寺（おおみねさんじ）は奈良県吉野郡天川村にある修験道の寺院である。
• Ominesan-ji Temple is Shugendo (mountain ascetism) temple located in Amakawa-mura, Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• 山科本願寺（やましなほんがんじ）は、京都市山科区にあった浄土真宗の寺院。
• Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple was a Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) temple located in Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 笠置寺（かさぎでら）は、京都府相楽郡笠置町にある真言宗智山派の仏教寺院。
• Kasagi-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chisan School of the Shingon Sect located in Kasagi-cho, Soraku-gun County, Kyoto Prefecture.

• また、これよりも小規模な有封寺（有食封寺）・諸寺と言った寺院も存在した。
• In addition, there were also smaller yufu-ji (a status of the temples given jikifu by Imperial Court, also known as yujikifu-ji) and other various types of temple.

• 西方寺（さいほうじ）は、京都府京都市右京区常盤出口町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Saiho-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to Jodo (Pure Land) Sect located in Tokiwadeguchi-cho, Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 鹿王院（ろくおういん）は京都市右京区嵯峨北堀町にある臨済宗系の単立寺院。
• Rokuo-in Temple is an independent Buddhist temple under the Rinzai Sect lineage located in Saga Kitabori-cho, Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 観音寺（かんのんじ）は、京都府京田辺市普賢寺下にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Kannon-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan School of the Pure Land Sect located in Fugenji-shimo, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 真妙寺（しんみょうじ）は、京都府船井郡京丹波町に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Shinmyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Nichiren Shoshu sect located in Kyotanba-cho, Funai-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 安国寺（あんこくじ）は京都府綾部市（丹波国）にある臨済宗東福寺派の寺院。
• Ankoku-ji Temple is a temple of the Rinzai sect Tofuku-ji school located in Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture (Tanba Province).

• 禅定寺（ぜんじょうじ）は京都府綴喜郡宇治田原町禅定寺にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Zenjo-ji Temple is one of the temples of the Soto sect, that is located in Zenjo-ji, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki County, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 元興寺（がんごうじ）は、奈良市にある、南都七大寺の1つに数えられる寺院。
• Gango-ji Temple is a temple in Nara City, counted as one of Seven Great Temples of Nara.

• 「法興」も「元興」も、日本で最初に仏法が興隆した寺院であるとの意である。
• Both terms of 'Hoko' and 'Gango' provide the temples with the meaning of the first temple in Japan where Buddhism thrived.

• このような建て方を「懸造（かけづくり）」と言い、山岳寺院によく見られる。
• This style of building is called 'kake-zukuri' and is common in mountain temples.

• 「まなびタウンとうはく」に寺院の再現模型や出土品の一部が展示されている。
• A scale model of the reconstructed temple and part of excavated articles are exhibited in the municipal lifelong study center 'Manabi Town Tohaku.'

• 金峯山寺（きんぷせんじ）は、奈良県吉野郡吉野町にある修験道系の仏教寺院。
• Kinpusen-ji Temple, located in Yoshino-cho, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture, is a Buddhist temple of Shgendo lineage.

• 百済寺（くだらじ）は奈良県北葛城郡広陵町にある高野山真言宗の寺院である。
• Kudara-ji Temple is a Koyasan Shingonshu sect temple located in Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi Country, Nara Prefecture.

• 本善寺（ほんぜんじ）は、奈良県吉野郡吉野町にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。
• Honzen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of Jodo Shinshu Hongan-ji school located in Yoshino-cho, Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture.

• レビのヘブライ部族のメンバー（特に男性の助手を寺院聖職者に提供した分家）
• a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi (especially the branch that provided male assistants to the temple priests)

• 宗派別では、真言宗および天台宗の寺院に本尊を秘仏とするところが比較的多い。
• When seen by sect, the temples of the Shingon and Tendai Sects are more relatively to withhold their principle images from public view.

• 神光院（じんこういん）は、京都市北区 (京都市)にある真言宗系の単立寺院。
• The Jinko-in Temple is a tanritsu jiin (a temple which belongs to no sect) of the Shingon Sect line in Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• 来迎院（らいごういん）は京都市東山区にある真言宗泉涌寺派に属する仏教寺院。
• Raigo-in Temple (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City) is a Buddhist temple of the Sennyu-ji school of the Shingon Sect.

• 妙傳寺（みょうでんじ）は、京都市左京区東大路通二条通下ルにある日蓮宗寺院。
• Myoden-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Nichiren sect located in Nijo-dori sagaru, Higashi Oji-dori Street, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 観音寺（かんのんじ）は、京都市東山区泉涌寺山内にある真言宗泉涌寺派の寺院。
• Kannon-ji Temple, located in Sennyuji Yamanouchi, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Shingon sect's Sennyu-ji school.

• 勝林院（しょうりんいん）は、京都市左京区大原三千院の北にある天台宗の寺院。
• Shorin-in Temple, a temple of the Tendai sect, is located to the north of Ohara Sanzen-in Temple, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 京都市営バス修学院離宮道下車徒歩20分（ただし、非公開寺院につき拝観不可）
• Twenty minutes walk from the Shugakuin Rikyu michi bus stop of the Kyoto City Bus (however, it is closed to the public).

• 常照寺（じょうしょうじ）は、京都市北区 (京都市)鷹峰にある日蓮宗の寺院。
• Josho-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sect located in Takagamine, Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• 僧侶が掃除や薪割り、畑仕事など寺院を維持するための労働を行う時に着用する。
• The samue is worn when the monk works to maintain the temple, such as cleaning, chopping firewood, and work in the fields.

• また、室生寺や當麻寺のように「金堂」と「本堂」が別個に存在する寺院もある。
• Further, some temples, such as Muro-ji Temple and Taima-dera Temple, have both 'Kondo' and 'Hodo.'

• 江戸時代後期から明治期にかけて、広島市街の寺院を中心にかなり広く定着した。
• From the later Edo period to the Meiji period, the custom became fairly common mainly at temples that were situated in the urban area of Hiroshima City.

• 聖たちは、寺院から離れて別所と呼ばれる場所に集住し、活動の拠点としていた。
• Groups of hijiri lived in 'bessho' (a place separated from a temple), which served as a base of their activities.

• また、書籍のほかに寺務管理ソフトや研修講師派遣など、寺院の発展にも関わる。
• Furthermore, in addition to publishing books, the institute is also engaged in promoting the prosperity of temples through the development of temple job management software and the sending of lecturers on training courses.

• 寺院には多く山号が付けられているが、その山に晋（すす）むという意味がある。
• Temples mostly have sango (literally, 'mountain name'), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, and this ceremony means to enter the mountain.

• 鬼子母神は、法華経の守護神として日蓮宗・法華宗の寺院で祀られることが多い。
• Kishimojin is often enshrined in temples of the Nichiren sect and the Hokke sect as a guardian deity of Hokke-kyo.

• ここから、東大寺は華厳宗と三論宗を兼学する寺院として位置づけられるに至る。
• Todai-ji Temple consequently became recognized as the temple that embraces the teaching of both Kegon and Sanron sects.

• 小本山に法起寺・法輪寺 (斑鳩町)、門跡寺院の中宮寺など末寺は、29ヵ寺。
• Hokki-ji Temple and Horin-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho) are the shohonzan (a head temple) of the sect and here are 29 branch temples, such as Chugu-ji Temple, which is a Monzeki Temples (temple in which Imperial family serves as head priest).

• 金仏壇は小型寺院としての起源から、宮殿も寺院宮殿を忠実に模したものとなる。
• As a gilded Buddhist altar originated as a small temple, its Kuden also precisely designed after that of a temple.

• ただし、禅宗寺院で用いられて以降、独立した庭園として造られるようになった。
• However, after it was adopted by Zen temples, dry landscape were created as independent gardens.

• このような場所は寺院や神社が所有していたり、近隣共同体の共有財産であった。
• Such hot springs were either owned by temples/shrines or co-owned by neighboring communities.

• 寺院で手を合わせるのはインド等での挨拶に端を発するもので、拍手とは異なる。
• Having originated from the greeting in areas such as India, holding the palms and fingers together at a temple differs from clapping.

• （父祖の地上野国新田郡徳川郷の時宗寺院、徳川満徳寺は後に縁切寺とされた）。
• (His ancestor's temples (Jishu-jiin [Jodo (Pure Land) sect] and Tokugawa Mantoku-ji Temple) located in Tokugawa hamlet, Nitta County in Kozuke Province later on became Engiri-ji temple (a refuge for women seeking divorce).

• 京都仏教会に加盟する寺院の一部は拝観停止を実行した（第一次拝観停止開始）。
• Some of the temples belonging to the Kyoto Buddhist Organization executed their refusal of visitors (the first refusal of visitors).

• 奈良時代から平安時代にかけて寺院の守護のために僧兵の武器として威力を発揮。
• It was widely used as a weapon by monk soldiers to protect their temples during Nara period and Heian period.

• 第二に農民統制（宗門改め）、及び宗教政策（切支丹禁令、寺院諸法度）がある。
• secondly, they took control of farmers and peasants with 'shumon aratame' (originally, an inquisition for suppressing Christianity, but later, it became like a general research on residents), and took religious policies as well, such as a ban of Christianity and issuance of 'Jiin Shohatto' (the regulations for Buddhist temples in the Edo period);

• 檀家の無い寺院は、古い新しいを問わず他の寺院に合併することにしたらどうか。
• Should the temples without Buddhist parishioner whether new or old be merged with the other temple?

• 後世においては公家や寺院、荘園でも重要文書やそれを扱う担当者の事を指した。
• In the later generations, kuge (a court noble), temples and shoen also used the term for important documents and the person in charge of dealing with it.

• 地方の寺院については現地の守護が将軍の代理として発給した例も存在している。
• Local Shugo (provincial constables) would sometimes issue kumon (kojo) for provincial temples on behalf of the shogun.

• 寿福寺は源義朝邸宅跡に建てられた寺院であり、実朝の墓の隣には母の墓がある。
• Jufuku-ji Temple was built on the place where the residence of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo had stood, and next to Sanetomo's grave, is his mother's grave.

• また、円徳寺、法華寺 (美濃国)、崇福寺 (岐阜市)などの寺院を保護した。
• He also protected Entoku-ji Temple, Hokke-ji Temple (Mino Province) and Sofuku-ji Temple (Gifu City).

• 手に持つ道具が密教法具であることもあり、頒布している寺院により差異がある。
• As the tool he is holding in the pictures are mikkyo hogu (the Buddhist instruments of esoteric Buddhism), the images differ from temple to temple.

• 頼貞は禅宗に深く帰依し、美濃国内に数々の寺院を開基させたことでも知られる。
• Yorisada is famous for being a devout believer of Zen and founding many temples in Mino Province.

• 六郷満山の寺院は、実際には、古来から国東半島にあった山岳信仰の場であった。
• Temples of Rokugo-manzan had actually been the places for mountain worship, which existed in Kunisaki peninsula since ancient times.

• 生前、現在の京都市東山区鷲尾町に山荘兼寺院を建立し、死後はそこに葬られた。
• He constructed a villa-cum-temple in Washio-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City while in life and was buried there after death.

• 淀殿が父の浅井長政を偲んで1594年に建立した寺院、養源院の1世を務めた。
• He served the first chief of Yogen-in Temple, which Yodo-dono (lady Yodo) constructed in 1594 in remembrance of her father Nagamasa AZAI.

• 「南蛮寺の鐘」：京都市右京区の臨済宗大本山妙心寺の塔頭寺院、春光院が所蔵。
• The bell of the Nanban-dera Temple': located at Shunko-in Temple, a tatchu temple of Rinzai sect Daihonzan (head temple) Myoshin-ji Temple in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City

• 明石では町割（都市計画）を行い、姫路・明石等の城や寺院の作庭を行っている。
• In Akashi (present Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture), he was involved in a project of dividing the land of the city ('machiwari') for land development, and several projects that was concerned with making gardens ('sakutei') for Himeji-jo Castle, Akashi-jo Castle, and other castles and temples.

• この時から東寺は国家鎮護の寺院であるとともに、真言密教の根本道場となった。
• Since then To-ji has been both a guardian temple of the nation and the central training center of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism.

• 鹿苑寺（ろくおんじ）は、京都市北区 (京都市)にある臨済宗相国寺派の寺院。
• Rokuon-ji Temple is a Rinzai sect Shokoku-ji School temple located in Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• また、室生寺、当麻寺のように「金堂」と「本堂」が別個に存在する寺院もある。
• There are also temples, such as Muro-ji Temple and Taima-dera Temple, which contain both a 'hondo' and a 'kondo.'

• 東福寺 （とうふくじ）は、京都市東山区本町にある臨済宗東福寺派本山の寺院。
• Tofuku-ji Temple, situated in Hommachi, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is the head temple of the Rinzai sect Tofuku-ji School of Zen Buddhism.

• 山門へ至る参道の両側には白壁の築地塀が続き、門跡寺院の格式を表わしている。
• The tsuijibei (earthen walls with plastered and tiled roofs that stand atop a stone-faced embankment) that line both sides of the path leading to the Sanmon gate display the temple's Monzeki status.

• 大峯山寺は、「護持院」と称される5つの寺院が交替で維持管理に当たっている。
• Ominesan-ji Temple is operated and maintained on a rotational basis by the five 'Goji-in Temples.'

• 安楽寿院（あんらくじゅいん）は、京都市伏見区竹田にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Anrakujuin Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chisan school of the Shingon Sect located in Takeda, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City.

• 妙清寺（みょうせいじ）は、京都市北区 (京都市)に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院。
• Myosei-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sho Sect located in Kita-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 海印寺（かいいんじ）は、京都府長岡京市にあった寺院、およびその周辺の地名。
• Kaiin-ji was the name of a Buddhist temple located in Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture and is also currently the name of the surrounding area.

• 常楽寺（じょうらくじ）は、京都府京都市下京区にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。
• Joraku-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) Hongan-ji School located in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 石山寺（いしやまでら）は、滋賀県大津市石山寺1丁目にある東寺真言宗の寺院。
• Ishiyama-dera Temple is a To-ji Shingon sect temple located at 1-chome, Ishiyama-dera, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 山号は日輪山（ただし、古代の寺院には山号はなく、後世に付したものである）。
• Sango (the name of a group of Buddhist temples to which the temple belongs) is Nichirinzan (but ancient temples did not have sango and it was named later)

• 中世以降は智光曼荼羅、弘法大師、聖徳太子などの民間信仰の寺院として栄えた。
• The temple flourished as a temple for folk religion such as Chiko Mandala, Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai), Prince Shotoku after the Medieval period.

• 法起寺（ほうきじ、ほっきじ）は、奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町岡本にある聖徳宗の寺院。
• Hoki-ji (also pronounced as Hokki-ji) is a temple of the Shotoku sect located at Okamoto, Ikaruga Town, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture.

• 海龍王寺（かいりゅうおうじ）は奈良県奈良市法華寺北町にある真言律宗の寺院。
• Kairyuo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon Ritsu sect located in Hokkejikita-machi, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 大野寺（おおのでら）は奈良県宇陀市室生村にある真言宗室生寺派の寺院である。
• Ono-dera Temple is a temple of the Murou-ji school of the Shingon sect in Muro-mura, Uda City, Nara Prefecture.

• 大蔵寺 （おおくらじ）は奈良県宇陀市大宇陀町にある龍門真言宗の寺院である。
• Okura-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Ryumon Shingon sect situated in Ouda-cho, Uda City, Nara Prefecture.

• 称念寺（しょうねんじ）は、奈良県橿原市今井町にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。
• Shonen-ji Temple, situated at Imai-cho, Kashihara City in Nara Prefecture, is the temple of Jodo Shinshu Hongan-ji school.

• 金戒光明寺（こんかいこうみょうじ）は京都市左京区黒谷町にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Konkai Komyo-ji Temple is a Jodo (Pure Land) Sect temple located in Kurodani-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• ウェストミンスター寺院はほとんどすべての英国君主の戴冠式の舞台となっている
• Westminster Abbey is the scene of the coronations of almost all English monarchs

• これは貴族の邸宅の形式である寝殿造が寺院建築に取り入れられたものと見られる。
• This is believed to have been an adaptation of Shinden-zukuri architecture, a style of a nobleman's residence, into temple architecture.

• 鐘楼（しょうろう、しゅろう）とは、寺院内にあって梵鐘を吊し、時を告げる施設。
• Shoro or shuro, in which bonsho (a big Buddhist bell) is hung, is placed on the premises of a temple and is used for informing people in the neighborhood of the time by ringing the bell.

• 国清寺跡（こくせいじあと）は、秋田県能代市に存在した華厳宗の寺院国清寺の跡。
• The remains of Kokusei‐ji Temple are remains of a temple of the Kegon Sect in Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture.

• また、総本山大石寺をはじめとする寺院の納骨堂には本尊が安置される場合もある。
• In some cases, the Nokotsu-do in temples such as the Grand Head Temple Taiseki-ji Temple enshrine a Honzon.

• 法堂（はっとう）とは、仏教寺院において、僧侶が仏教を講義する建物の事である。
• Hatto is a construction in a Buddhist temple where priests make lectures about Buddhism.

• 21世紀現在では、臨済宗、曹洞宗共にアメリカやヨーロッパに寺院を構えている。
• At present in the 21st century, both the Rinzai sect and the Soto sect have temples in the United States and Europe.

• 本法寺（ほんぽうじ）は、京都市上京区の寺之内にある日蓮宗の本山（由緒寺院）。
• The Honpo-ji Temple, located at Teranouchi, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a Honzan (a major temple of the Nichiren Sect) and a Yuisho jiin (a historically important temple of the Nichiren Sect).

• 円通寺（えんつうじ）は京都市左京区岩倉幡枝町にある臨済宗妙心寺派の仏教寺院。
• The Entsu-ji Temple was a Buddhist temple of the Myoshin-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect, located in Iwakura Hataeda-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 大衆僉議や強訴など寺院内部の意思決定やその実力行使に中心的な役割を果たした。
• It played the central role in the decision-making and recourse to the force of the temple, such as by conferences and direct petitions.

• 昭和30年（1955年）、天台宗の寺院であった遣迎院が独立して一派を興した。
• Kengo-in Temple was once one of the temples of the Tendai sect, but it became independent and founded a new school in 1955.

• 宿坊（しゅくぼう）は、主に仏教寺院などで修行中の僧が寝泊りをする建物である。
• Shukubo is a form of lodging for priests who are conducting ascetic practices, mainly in Buddhist temples.

• 寺院の内に設けられたものとは異なる、自治体により建立された納骨堂が存在する。
• Apart from the nokotsudo built in the precincts of a temple, there is the type built by the municipality.

• 元亨元年（1321年）覚如が「大谷影堂」を再建・寺院化し、「本願寺」とした。
• In 1321, Kakunyo rebuilt the Otani-Eido and changed it to a temple as the Hongan-ji Temple.

• これは本山寺院の形式を正式とするものであり、末寺や檀家の仏壇もそれに準じる。
• In the regulations, the form of the main temple is considered the proper form so that the subsidiary temples and patrons of the temple follow the form for their Buddhist altar.

• 初期の日本の古墳や寺院の壁画には高句麗などとの手法や技術の共通点も見られる。
• Wall paintings in the first ancient tombs and temples in Japan seem to have something in common with those found in Koguryo in terms of method and technique.

• また、山間部の寺院の門前に、牛の首に人の着物姿で頻繁に現れたとの伝承もある。
• There is also a legend that says it frequently appeared in front of the gates of temples in the mountainous regions in the shape of a head of the cow and a body in kimono.

• 「月刊住職」と同様、宗派にとらわれない全寺院住職・寺族・僧侶向けの実用雑誌。
• Same as 'Gekkan Jushoku,' it is a practical magazine for chief priests of all temples, all temple families, and all priests, regardless of sect.

• 西大寺（さいだいじ）は、奈良県奈良市西大寺芝町にある、真言律宗総本山の寺院。
• Saidai-ji Temple is a temple which is located in Saidaiji Shibamachi, Nara City, Nara Prefecture and the grand head temple of Shingon Risshu sect.

• 明治時代に廃絶されるまでは桃尾山蓮華王院龍福寺という密教寺院の境内地だった。
• It was within the precincts of the Momoosan Rengeoin Ryufuku-ji Temple, an esoteric Buddhism temple, before the temple was abolished in the Meiji period.

• 鴨川東岸には寺院や別荘が建設されて市街地がさらに東に広げられる傾向が生じた。
• Then the eastern riverside of Kamo-gawa River was built up with temples and second houses, so the urban district spread out to the east.

• 同じく自治的性格を持っていのは、一向宗の寺院を中心に形成された寺内町である。
• A similar style of autonomy could be seen in the character of Jinaicho (temple towns), religious communities that coalesced around temples of the Ikko sect.

• 建築の形態から見ると、その間取りは、禅宗寺院の方丈との類似が指摘されている。
• By observing the formation of the architecture, it has been pointed out that the layout of the architecture was similar to that of hojo (the living quarters of a head priest) of Zen temples.

• 寺田にかかる年貢・公事は、領主の収入とはならず、寺院運営の経費にあてられた。
• The nengu (land tax) and kuji (public duties) levied on jiden fields did not become incomes of the territorial lord, but were used for operating the temples concerned.

• さらに院による恣意的な僧綱補任により、寺院相互の競合・確執も深刻化していた。
• Moreover, the emperor's arbitrary appointment of Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) also aggravated the contention and feud among temples.

• なお、鎌倉五山などの関東の寺院に関する公文（公帖）は鎌倉府に発給権があった。
• Moreover, the authority to issue kumon (kojo) regarding temples in the Kanto region, such as the Kamakura Gozan Temples, was held by the Kamakura bakufu.

• 墓は大分県津久見市内と京都市北区の龍寶山大徳寺の塔頭寺院である瑞峯院にある。
• His grave is located in Tsukumi City, Oita Prefecture and Zuiho-in Temple which is a minor temple in Mt. Ryuho Daitoku-ji Temple site in Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• 霊山寺 (東京都墨田区)（れいざんじ） - 東京都墨田区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• Reizan-ji Temple (Sumida Ward, Tokyo Prefecture) - A Pure Land sect temple located in Sumida Ward, Tokyo Prefecture.

• 城を思わせる寺周囲の石垣、白い土塀、門構えなどが門跡寺院の風格を示している。
• Surrounding the temple, the stone wall, white mud wall and style of the gates are reminiscent of a castle and give Monzeki Temple a distinctive presence.

• 智積院（ちしゃくいん）は、京都市東山区にある真言宗智山派総本山の寺院である。
• Chishaku-in Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, is the headquarters of the Chizan school of the Shingon Sect.

• 2007年（平成19年）、高野山真言宗から独立し、単立系真言宗寺院となった。
• In 2007, Nariai-ji Temple went independent from the Koyasan Shingon Sect to become a nonsectarian Shingon Sect temple.

• 法然院（ほうねんいん）は、京都市左京区鹿ヶ谷にある浄土宗系の単立寺院である。
• Honen-in Temple is an independent Pure Land sect temple located in Shishigatani, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 西寺は東寺とほぼ同規模の大きさの寺院だとされ、僧綱所などが置かれたとされる。
• Sai-ji Temple and To-ji Temple are thought to have been of approximately the same size and believed to have contained a Sogosho (office of the Buddhist ecclesiastical authority).

• ただし、宗派や寺院によっては祖師堂や御影堂が本堂よりも重視されることがある。
• However, some sects and temples place greater importance on these Kaisan-do halls than the main hall.

• 常寂光寺（じょうじゃっこうじ）は京都府京都市の嵯峨野にある日蓮宗の仏教寺院。
• Jojakko-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Sect located in Sagano, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• その経緯から寺院では国家の発展、疫病防除、万民の健康を祈念するようになった。
• It is this that led to temples becoming places at which to pray for the development of the nation, the prevention of infectious diseases and the health of the country's population.

• 宝筐院（ほうきょういん）は、京都府京都市右京区嵯峨野にある臨済宗の単立寺院。
• Hokyo-in Temple is an independent Buddhist temple belonging to the Rinzai Sect located in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• ウエストミンスター寺院を設立し、最終的に埋葬された（1003年−1066年）
• he founded Westminster Abbey where he was eventually buried (1003-1066)

• 建物（ふつう教会や寺院）の上部構造をなし、先細りで頂部が点になっている高い塔
• a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

• 支那内地に於ける日本の病院、寺院及学校に対しては、其土地所有権を認むること。
• The Chinese Government to grant the Japanese hospitals, temples, and schools in the interior of China the right to own land;

• 古くより貴族の邸宅や寺院、官舎などに見られ、現在でも御所や寺院などで見られる。
• Many such mud walls were built around aristocratic residences, temples or government quarters from olden days and even now they can be seen around the Imperial Palace and temples.

• 釈迦堂（しゃかどう）は、釈迦如来像を本尊とする仏堂または寺院に付せられる名称。
• Shaka-do hall is a denomination given to the Buddhist stature hall or temples in which a statue of Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakamuni) is enshrined as the principle image.

• 独自の寺院を持つ事はせず、各地につつましい念仏道場を設けて教化する形であった。
• He didn't possess his own temple, but constructed meeting places called Nenbutsu Dojo in various provinces to spread the teaching of Jodo Shinshu.

• この行為に対し寺院側、反対派地元住民、およびいくつかの報道機関が批判を行った。
• Against this action, criticism came from the temple's side, local people in opposition and portions of the mass media.

• 現代の寺院建築用語では初重平面が方形、二重平面が円形の二層塔を多宝塔と称する。
• Using the current terms of temple architecture, a tahoto can be defined as a two-story tower with the first floor in a square shape and the second floor in a circular shape.

• 九品寺（くほんじ）は、京都府南丹市（旧船井郡園部町）にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Kuhon-ji Temple, located in Nantan City (former Sonobe-cho, Funai County), Kyoto Prefecture, is a temple of the Omuro school of the Shingon sect.

• 「金堂」は飛鳥時代から平安時代前半にかけての古代創建の寺院で多く使われている。
• The term 'Kondo' was mainly used by temples founded in the ancient times, namely from the Asuka period to the early Heian period.

• 寺院の住職家族用の仏壇は本堂の仏様と区別する意味もあって特に御内仏と呼ばれる。
• An altar for the family of the chief priest at a temple is called onaibutsu to distinguish it from the altar installed in the main hall.

• 現在の日蓮宗宗制では寺院は祖山、霊蹟寺院、由緒寺院、一般寺院に分けられている。
• Under the present religious system of the Nichiren sect, temples are classified into Sozan, Reiseki-jiin, Yuisho-jiin and Ippan-jiin (common temples).

• さらに廃仏毀釈で、金城湯池であった島津藩領や佐渡の時宗寺院が壊滅状態となった。
• In addition, Haibutsu-kishaku resulted in the destruction of the Ji sect's temples in Shimazu domain and Sado which had been the impregnable strongholds.

• 檀林（だんりん）とは、仏教寺院における僧侶の養成機関、仏教宗派の学問所をいう。
• Danrin was a training facility for monks in a Buddhist temple, i.e., a school of a Buddhist sect.

• 日本では、江戸時代に中国から長崎の黄檗宗の寺院に伝来したのが起源とされている。
• In Japan, the origin of daruma dolls is said to be during the Edo period when they were introduced from China to the temples of the Obaku sect in Nagasaki.

• また浄土真宗系の寺院では公家の娘を内室に持つ寺主の子息が使用したこともあった。
• At Jodo Shinshu temples, a son of the manager of a temple who married to a daughter of a court noble used this type of fan in some cases.

• その法燈を継承する寺院として同地に医王山最勝院国分寺（本尊：薬師如来）がある。
• There is a temple in the area called the Iozan Saisho-in Provincial Monastery (principal image, Yakushi-nyorai), which is said to have inherited the light of Buddhism.

• さらには、皇族・摂家の子弟が門跡となった寺院にも御所号が贈られることもあった。
• At times, the gosho-go was even awarded to the temple at which the head priest was a son of the Imperial Family or the sekke (family of a regent or a chief advisor to the Emperor).

• 1669年の京都町奉行の設置を機に、門跡寺院を除く寺社の管轄が町奉行となった。
• With the establishment of the post of Kyoto machi-bugyo in 1669, all Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines with the exception of monzeki temples (temples of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility entered the priesthood) came under the control of machi-bugyo.

• 西大寺は、天平神護元年（765年）に称徳天皇の勅願により創建された寺院である。
• Saidai-ji Temple is a temple which was established in 765 at the imperial order of the Empress Shotoku (Empress Koken).

• 寺田（じでん、てらだ）とは、日本において、仏教寺院の運営経費にあてる田をいう。
• Jiden (also called terada) fields indicate, in Japan, rice fields whereby output was used for operating Buddhist temples.

• 8世紀後半には、その寺院に関係のある神を寺院の守護神、鎮守とするようになった。
• In the late eighth century, temples recognized a deity that was related to them as their guardian deity or tutelary shrine.

• 頼朝は捜査の実行によって義経を匿う寺院勢力に威圧を加え、彼らの行動を制限した。
• Yoritomo pressured the influence of temples, sheltering Yoshitsune, by conducting searches and restricting their behavior.

• 日中の禅宗寺院の交流が頻繁だったことから、14世紀初め鎌倉時代末には伝わった。
• His works were imported into Japan at the beginning of the 14th century, the end of Kamakura Period, since Japanese and Chinese Zen temples communicated vigorouly.

• 大覚寺（だいかくじ）は、京都市右京区嵯峨野にある、真言宗大覚寺派大本山の寺院。
• Daikaku-ji Temple, situated in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is the head temple of the Shingon sect Daikaku-ji School.

• 青蓮院は、三千院（梶井門跡）、妙法院とともに、天台宗の三門跡寺院とされている。
• Shoren-in Temple is one of the three Monzeki temples of Tendai sect along with Sanzen-in Temple (Kajii-monzeki) and Myoho-in Temple.

• 六波羅蜜寺 (ろくはらみつじ)は、京都市東山区にある真言宗智山派の寺院である。
• Rokuharamitsu-ji Temple is a temple of the Chisan branch of the Shingon Sect located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 京都五山の上におかれる別格扱いの寺院で、日本の禅寺のなかで最も高い格式を誇る。
• It is not itself one of the Kyoto Gozan (Five Great Zen Temples of Kyoto) but presides over them all and holds the highest rank of all Japan's Zen temples.

• 城興寺（じょうこうじ）は日本の京都市南区 (京都市)にある真言宗の寺院である。
• Joko-ji Temple is a Shingon Sect Buddhist temple located in Minami Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.

• 妙覚寺（みょうかくじ）は、京都府京都市上京区にある、日蓮宗の本山（由緒寺院）。
• Myokaku-ji Temple is the Honzan (founding temple) of the Nichiren Sect located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 源空寺（げんくうじ）は 京都府京都市伏見区瀬戸物町にある、浄土宗の寺院である。
• Genku-ji Temple is a Jodo (Pure Land) sect temple located Setomono-cho, Fushimi Ward of the city (and prefecture) of Kyoto.

• 厭離庵（えんりあん）は、京都府京都市右京区にある臨済宗天竜寺派の寺院（尼寺）。
• Enrian Temple is a nunnery temple of the Tenryuji School of the Rinzai Sect located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 長谷寺（はせでら）は、奈良県桜井市にある真言宗豊山派（ぶざんは）総本山の寺院。
• Hase-dera Temple, in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, is the head temple of the Buzan school of Shingon Buddhism.

• 藤原氏の祖・藤原鎌足とその子息・藤原不比等ゆかりの寺院で、藤原氏の氏寺である。
• This temple is associated with the founder of the Fujiwara clan FUJIWARA no Kamatari and his son FUJIWARA no Fuhito, and it is the uji-dera temple (temple built in order to pray for the glory of a clan) of the Fujiwara clan.

• 慈光院（じこういん）は奈良県大和郡山市小泉町にある臨済宗大徳寺派の寺院である。
• Jiko-in Temple is a temple of the Daitoku-ji school of the Rinzai sect located in Koizumi-cho, Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture.

• 十輪院（じゅうりんいん）は奈良県奈良市十輪院町にある真言宗醍醐派の寺院である。
• Jurin-in Temple, located in Jurin-in Town, Nara City, Nara Prefecture, is a temple that belongs to the Daigo school of the Shingon sect.

• 慈明寺（じみょうじ）は、奈良県橿原市の畝傍山（慈明寺山）にある禅宗の仏教寺院。
• Jimyo-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Zen sect located in Mt. Unebi (also called Mt. Jimyoji) in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 少林院法然寺（ほうねんじ）は、大和三山の香久山の麓にある、浄土宗の寺院である。
• Shorin-in Honen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect located at the foot of Mt. Kagu, one of the three mountains of Yamato.

• 東大寺（とうだいじ）は、奈良県奈良市雑司町にある華厳宗大本山の仏教寺院である。
• Todai-ji is the main temple of the Kegon sect of Buddhism in Zoshi-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture in Japan.

• 神社や寺院の入口の両脇、あるいは本殿・本堂の正面左右などに1対で置かれている。
• Komainu are placed in pairs, one of each on either side of the entrance to a shrine or temple or the façade of its main hall.

• 平地にあっても仏教寺院が「○○山△△寺」と号するのはそのような理由からである。
• This is why Buddhist temples are called 'OO Mountain △△ Temple' even if they are on flatlands.

• 契約の箱舟が維持されたソロモンの寺院にあるユダヤ神殿の一番奥の部屋から成る聖域
• sanctuary comprised of the innermost chamber of the Tabernacle in the temple of Solomon where the Ark of the Covenant was kept

• 主に宗祖や有力檀家（将軍家・藩主等）などが寺院に付随して祀られていることが多い。
• In most cases the founders of religious sects or major Buddhist parishioners (the shogunate family/the lord of a domain, etc.) were worshiped in the mausoleums annexed to the temples.

• さらに、南北時代には貴族が住宅を喜捨して、そのまま寺院となったものが多く現れた。
• Furthermore, during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China) there were many cases where aristocrats donated their houses, which then became temples.

• 浄土宗・浄土真宗寺院の中世における伽藍配置は固定の様式があるようには見られない。
• It appears that the garan layout of the Pure Land and True Pure Land sects in the Medieval period did not have a fixed style.

• 現在も律宗系寺院または律宗系寺院の廃寺の跡において、このような石造美術品が多い。
• There are still many such stone construction artworks now in the temples and abandoned temples of the Ritsu sect.

• 真宗の寺院建築には他にも内陣に比べて外陣が広いなど、他宗に見られない特徴がある。
• Additionally, the architecture of Shinshu temples has unique features rarely seen in other sects, such as wider Gejin (nave) compared to Naijin (chancel).

• この経の中に置かれた大悲心陀羅尼は現在でも中国や日本の禅宗寺院で読誦されている。
• Daihishin Dharani (Great Compassionate Heart Dharani) in this sutra has been recited at Zen sect temples in China and Japan up until the current time.

• その後大巌寺の住職となり、奈良霊巌院・山田霊巌寺など各地に浄土宗寺院を建立した。
• Later, he became a resident priest of Daigan-ji Temple, and built many Jodo sect temples in many places, including Reigan-in Temple in Nara and Yamada Reigan-ji Temple.

• なお、後世では門跡寺院において、下記僧侶身分の院家が止住する塔頭のことも指した。
• In the case of monzeki temples (temples served by a chief priest of aristocratic or imperial lineage) in later years, the word 'inge' later came to refer to a sub-temple in which monks of the following rank resided.

• 百万遍知恩寺（ひゃくまんべんちおんじ）は、京都市左京区にある浄土宗大本山の寺院。
• Hyakumanben Chion-ji Temple, located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is the Grand Head Temple of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect.

• 結果的に寺院内部（勧進職を含めて）や世間一般から蔑視されるような状況も生まれた。
• Consequently, the reputation of kanjin monks declined within the circle of temples (including the kanjin shoku monks) as well as among the general public.

• もとは臨済宗に属していたが、1968年（昭和43年）に独立して単立寺院となった。
• It used to belong to the Rinzai sect, but in 1968 it became an independent, nonsectarian temple.

• 一心院（いっしんいん）は、京都市東山区にある浄土宗の寺院で、浄土宗捨世派の本山。
• Isshin-in Temple is a Jodoshu sect (the Pure Land sect) temple at Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto City as well as the head temple of the Shasei school of the Jodo sect.

• 故事来歴の意味に用いて、神社寺院の沿革や、そこに現れる功徳利益などの伝説を指す。
• It is also used to mean origin and history, and it shows the histories of shrines and temples, as well as the legends of merits appearing in those shrines and temples.

• 寺院や僧侶に読経をたのむときに、｢廻向料｣などと表書きするのは、この理由による。
• This is why the envelope says 'eko ryo (fee for a memorial service)' when hiring a temple or a priest for sutra chanting.

• 平安期に門跡寺院が生じると、宮門跡、摂家門跡、准門跡、脇門跡などの寺格が生じた。
• When a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of the Imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) was founded in the Heian Period, new Jikaku were established such as miya-monzeki (temples headed by the Imperial princes), sekke-monzeki (the priest clan eligible for regents), jun-monzeki (temple rank which is next to monzeki, a temple whose head priest is a member of the Imperial family) and waki-monzeki (subordinating temple to legitimate the temple).

• 元亨元年（1321年）、覚如により「大谷廟堂」を寺院化され、「本願寺」と号する。
• In 1321, 'Otani-byodo Mausoleum' was converted to a temple and received the name 'Honganji' by Kakunyo.

• これが転じて寺院などを建築し新しく完成したときに転用されて言われるようになった。
• This was extended to use when temples and shrines are constructed and newly built for a diversion.

• 修二会（しゅにえ）は、日本の仏教寺院で行われる法会のひとつで、修二月会ともいう。
• Shuni-e refers to one of hoe (Buddhist mass) conducted in Japanese Buddhist temples, which is also called Shunigatsu-e.

• また、当時城砦化が進んでいた寺院に資産を預ける人々もおりその資産も元手となった。
• Moreover, some people entrusted their money to temples, which at that time were becoming fortified, and this money was also used as capital.

• また、総本山や寺院において題目を1時間ひたすら題目を唱える唱題行が行われている。
• Besides, in the head temple of the Nichirensho sect and some temples, the believers perform one of gongyo 'shodai-gyo' in which the believers have to keep chanting the spell for one hour.

• 一日を6分割して不断念仏する集団（ないし成員）を指し、古代以来、顕密寺院にいた。
• It refered to the group (or member) who divided a day into six parts and kept practicing nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and they usually used kenmitsu-jiin (exoteric temples of Esoteric Buddhism) since the group had been formed.

• 諸山（しょざん）とは、日本における禅林（禅宗寺院）の格式であり、五山・十刹の下。
• Shozan means the rank of temple 'Zenrin', temples of the Zen sect in Japan, which is under the ranks of 'Gozan' and 'Jussatsu.'

• 中世以降の禅林（禅宗寺院）に於いても、稚児・喝食は主に男色、衆道の対象であった。
• Even at the Zen temples after the medieval period, chigo and katsujiki had been mainly considered male homosexuals.

• ただし、地蔵盆は一般には寺院の中に祀られている地蔵菩薩を対象とした祭りではない。
• By the way, Jizo-bon does not generally celebrate Jizo Bodhisattva enshrined in temples.

• こうした「風流」の趣向は同時代の寺院芸能である猿楽・能・狂言などに影響を与えた。
• This 'Furyu' trend affected the temple performing arts of the same period, such as Sarugaku, Noh and Kyogen.

• 奈良時代、平安時代にはいると、瓦は寺院、宮殿の他、官衙にも用いられるようになる。
• In the Nara and Heian periods, Kawara tiles have started to be used not only for temples and palaces, but also for Kanga (government offices).

• その後、歴代天皇・皇后によって建てられた5つの寺院とともに「六勝寺」と呼ばれた。
• Later, the temple was referred to as 'Rokushoji' (or 'Rikushoji', The Six Victorious Temples) together with five temples which were erected by successive Emperors and Empresses.

• 各地で借金苦に苦しんだ農民たちが酒屋、土倉、寺院（祠堂銭）を襲い、私徳政を行う。
• Farmers who were troubled with debt attacked liquor stores, pawnbrokers and temples (lenders using donations to a temple) to cancel the debts by force.

• 「自宅」と宣言するために一夜を明かすのに貴族が使ったのは、一般に寺院が多かった。
• The places which nobles at that time usually used to declare as 'their home' were temples.

• これは従来「一家衆」と呼ばれていた本願寺の一族寺院の間に家格を定めたことである。
• This created family ranks among temples belonging to the Hongan-ji Temple family which were called 'ikkeshu' (the same lineage people as the Hongan-ji Temple).

• 京都市左京区南禅寺福地町の瑞竜山太平興国南禅寺の搭頭寺院である天授庵に墓がある。
• His grave is at Tenjuan Temple, a Tacchu temple of Zuiryuzan Taihei Kokoku Nanzen-ji Temple in Nanzenji Fukuchi-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto.

• 奈良時代末期から平安時代にかけて天台宗の寺院の形態を取るようになったものである。
• These temples came to have the forms of the temples of Tendai sect from the end of Nara period to Heian period.

• 全国各地を巡教し法論問答の結果各地の寺を改宗させたり法華宗寺院を建立したりした。
• He was engaged in missionary work in various places of Japan, such as the conversion of temples after disputes and constructing Hokke sect's temples.

• 伏見区東方に広がる醍醐山（笠取山）に200万坪以上の広大な境内をもつ寺院である。
• The temple has extensive grounds of over 6.6 million sq.m. on Mt. Daigo (Mt. Kasatori) in the east side of Fushimi Ward.

• 88宇の堂には実際の四国八十八箇所の札所の寺院と同じ本尊と弘法大師を祀ってある。
• Each of the 88 temples actually enshrines the same principal image as one of the 88 Temples of Shikoku, along with Kobo-Daishi.

• 日本にある臨済宗寺院約6,000か寺のうち、約3,500か寺を妙心寺派で占める。
• Of the approximately 6,000 Rinzai sect temples in Japan, around 3,500 belong to the Myoshin-ji School.

• 萬福寺（まんぷくじ）は、京都府宇治市にある黄檗宗（おうばくしゅう）大本山の寺院。
• Manpuku-ji Temple, located in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, is the grand head temple of the Obaku Sect of Buddhism.

• 等持院（とうじいん）は、京都府京都市北区 (京都市)にある臨済宗天龍寺派の寺院。
• Toji-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tenryu-ji school of the Rinzai sect located in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture (Kyoto City).

• また、唐様は禅宗寺院に使われたので、禅宗様と呼ぶべき」という趣旨の提案を行った。
• Kara-yo was used in the construction of Zen temples and should therefore be referred to as 'zenshu-yo'.'

• また、薬師如来の詳名「薬師瑠璃光如来」にちなんで「瑠璃光寺」と号する寺院もある。
• There are also temples named 'Ruriko-ji Temple' after Yakushi Nyorai's full name 'Yakushi Ruriko Nyorai'.

• 大報恩寺（だいほうおんじ）は京都市上京区にある真言宗智山派の寺院で山号は瑞応山。
• Daihoon-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan school of the Shingon Sect located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 山荘内には徳大寺または得大寺という寺院が創建され、実能の子孫は徳大寺家を称した。
• Two temples both named Tokudai-ji Temple but written using different characters were founded within the villa and the descendants of Saneyoshi were known as the Tokudaiji family.

• 京都最古の多宝塔、本堂（重文）をはじめ桃山時代の伽藍と、塔頭寺院7院が現存する。
• A Momoyama period temple complex including the oldest tahoto pagoda in Kyoto and the main hall (Important Cultural Property) as well as seven sub-temples survive.

• 瑞泉寺（ずいせんじ）は 京都府京都市中京区木屋町三条下る石屋町にある寺院である。
• Zuisen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Ishiya-cho, Kiyamachi Sanjo-Sagaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 当初は真言宗寺院であったが、文政年間に近江国永源寺の末寺となり、臨済宗に転じた。
• It was originally a temple of the Shingon Sect; however, during the Bunsei Era (1818-1829), it transformed to the Rinzai Sect and became the sub-temple for Eigen-ji Temple in the Omi Province.

• 東向観音寺（ひがしむかいかんのんじ）は、京都市上京区にある真言宗泉涌寺派の寺院。
• Higashimukai Kannon-ji Temple is a Shingon Sect Sennyu-ji School temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 寺の周辺には塔頭と称する多くの付属寺院が建てられ、最盛期には百か院以上を数えた。
• Many sub temples called tatchu were built around the temple and there were more than one hundred at the height of its prosperity.

• 蘇我馬子が飛鳥に建立した、日本最古の本格的仏教寺院である飛鳥寺がその前身である。
• The predecessor of this temple was Asuka-dera Temple, the oldest orthodox Buddhist temple in Japan, which was erected in Asuka (an ancient capital of Japan during the Asuka period [538-710]) by SOGA-no-Umako.

• 江戸時代には、興福寺の支配を離れ、真言宗の寺院となりつつも、修験道も伝えていた。
• Although the temple left the control of Kofuku-ji Temple and became a temple of the Shingo sect, it continued teaching Shugendo.

• 平安時代中期以降は真言宗子嶋流の道場として栄えるなど、歴史的に重要な寺院である。
• Historically, Kojima-dera Temple played an important role having a training hall for Kojima school of the Shingon sect since the middle of the Heian period.

• 富貴寺（ふきじ）は奈良県磯城郡川西町 (奈良県)にある真言宗豊山派の寺院である。
• Fuki-ji Temple, located in Kawanishi-cho, Shiki County, Nara Prefecture is a temple that belongs to the Buzan school of the Shingonshu sect.

• 湖東三山（ことうさんざん）は、西明寺、金剛輪寺、百済寺の三つの天台宗寺院の総称。
• Koto-sanzan (the three temples in the east of Lake Biwa) collectively means three Tendai Sect temples, namely Saimei-ji Temple, Kongorin-ji Temple, and Hyakusai-ji Temple.

• 蓮乗寺（れんじょうじ）は、滋賀県野洲市（旧野洲郡中主町）にある天台真盛宗の寺院。
• Renjo-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai Shinseishu sect located in Yasu City, Shiga Prefecture (former Chozu-cho, Yasu county).

• 成願寺（じょうがんじ）は、滋賀県東近江市（旧八日市市）小脇町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Jogan-ji Temple is a Tendai sect temple in Owaki-cho, Higashiomi City (former Yokaichi City), Shiga Prefecture.

• それにならって各地の神社・寺院へ参拝するための数多くの講も作られるようになった。
• Following this, a large number of ko for shrine and temple visits were established in various parts of Japan.

• 主にバビロニア捕囚後の寺院再建に関するハガイの預言について述べられた旧約聖書の本
• an Old Testament book telling the prophecies of Haggai which are concerned mainly with rebuilding the temples after the Babylonian Captivity

• 主に寛永年間以降に見られ、寺院の五重塔のように上から下までデザインに統一感がある。
• They were seen mainly after the Kanei era and had a sense of top-to-bottom unity in design, like a five-storied pagoda of a temple.

• この経の最後に置かれた大悲心陀羅尼は現在でも中国や日本の禅宗寺院で読誦されている。
• Daihishindarani, in the last part of this sutra, is still recited at Zen sect temples in China and Japan.

• 正和元年（1312年） 三代覚如は廟堂を再建、寺院化し専修寺（せんじゅじ）とした。
• In 1312 the third Rusushiki Kakunyo rebuilt Mausoleum as a temple, Senju-ji Temple.

• 同派の別院は、下記の通り56ヵ寺院が置かれており、設立の経緯は、下記の通りである。
• Fifty-six temples exist as branch temples of the Shinshu sect Otani-ha as shown below, and the way of their establishment is as follows:

• 梵鐘（ぼんしょう）は、東アジアの寺院などで使用される仏具としての釣鐘（つりがね）。
• Bonsho are hanging bells as a Buddhist equipment used in East Asian temples.

• 證空が建立した主な寺院には、西山往生院を始め、歓喜心院、浄橋寺、遣迎院などがある。
• Major temples constructed by Shoku are Seizan Ojoin Temple, Kangishinin Temple, Jokyoji Temple and Kengoin Temple, and so on.

• また、延暦寺以外でも金剛峯寺・醍醐寺・法性寺・元慶寺などの寺院でも使用されている。
• It is used, not only in Enryaku-ji Temple, but also in Kongobu-ji Temple, Daigo-ji Temple, Hossho-ji Temple, Gankei-ji Temple, and so on.

• また他宗派の信徒への布教や新しい寺院の建立を禁止されその勢力の拡張が困難になった。
• Additionally, they were banned from propagating their teachings to the believers of other sects and from constructing new temples, so it became difficult for them to extend their influence.

• 元々、真言宗の僧侶が鍛錬の方法として実践していたもので、真言寺院に伝えられていた。
• Originally, Ajikan was practiced by monks of the Shingon sect as a method to refine the mind, and was transmitted among the temples of the Shingon sect.

• また、刀狩は農民のみならず寺院をも対象とし、寺院の武装解除に一定の役割を果たした。
• In addition, he carried out a 'Sword Hunt' confiscating the weapons not only of peasants but also of temples, which played apart in the disarmament of temples.

• また、支所ごとに代議員・副長などを置いて、支所下の寺院住職・寺族がその役職に就く。
• Every branch office has the posts such as representative and vice chief, and a chief priest or his family members under the branch office will take those posts.

• それと同時に、勅額寺院の住持を朝廷が任命する「勅差住持制」が行われるようになった。
• At the same time, the 'Chokusa juji' system, in which the chief priest of temples with an imperial inscription was assigned by the Imperial Court, was implemented.

• 現在一般的な意味での祭は、神社や寺院をその主体または舞台として行われることが多い。
• At present, many matsuri in the general sense are held under the initiative of shrines or temples, or by having settings in shrines or temples.

• 中世の日本においては、大和国や河内国の大寺院が造る僧坊酒が日本の酒の中心であった。
• Soboshu made in the large temples located in the Provinces of Yamato and Kawachi was the predominant kind of sake in the medieval Japan.

• また法勝寺等の多くの寺院や仏像をつくらせたが、その経済力は受領の経済力を活用した。
• SHIRAKAWA ordered the building of many temples and Buddhist statues including the Hossho-ji Temple, and he took advantage of getting finance from Juryo.

• 京都屈指の観光スポットであり、有名寺院などが数多くあり、周辺の散策には事欠かない。
• The surrounding area is one of the best tourist attractions having enough places to visit, such as a famous temple.

• 元来、朝廷や皇族の所有地であったものが寺院などに寄進されて荘園化されたものが多い。
• Many Ossho were the former territories of the Imperial Court or Imperial Family which became Shoen after being donated to temples etc.

• 聖は、寺院において学問をむねとする学徒に対し、寺院経済を支える禅徒の立場にあった。
• The hijiri were in charge of money related to students who attended temples for study.

• 寺院・神社に納められる雑役は、古くは国家からの実物による支給によって賄われていた。
• Zatsueki, provided to temples/shrines, was originally provided by the nation as an allowance in kind.

• 更に宗教者・職人などを特定の公家や寺院（院家）に家職として統制させることを図った。
• Furthermore, religious persons and craftsmen were to come from specific aristocratic families and temples (Inke) for which it was Kashoku.

• 古代から寺院や行政機関では、財産管理や業務上の必要から多くの目録が作成されていた。
• Since ancient times many mokuroku were prepared at temples and administrative offices for the purpose of asset management and other business necessities.

• （6）奈良の仏教寺院と神社は、ひときわ優れた形で宗教の連続的な力と影響を証明する。
• 6. The particularly elegant forms of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines in Nara Prefecture prove the continuous force and influence of religion over people's lives.

• 朝廷は重ねて義経追捕の院宣を出し、各寺院で逮捕の為の祈祷を大規模に行う事になった。
• The Imperial court issued an inzen to search for and capture Yoshitsune again, and mass prayers for the search and capture of Yoshitsune were offered at each temple.

• 仏堂（ぶつどう）とは、仏教寺院において仏像を安置し、礼拝供養するための建物である。
• A Buddha hall is a building within a Buddhist temple that enshrines Buddhist statues and in which prayers and memorial services are made.

• また、後宇多天皇がここで院政を行うなど、日本の政治史に深い関わりをもつ寺院である。
• It is also deeply related to the political history of Japan, with Emperor Go-Uda governing from within.

• 禅林寺（ぜんりんじ）は、京都市左京区永観堂町にある浄土宗西山禅林寺派総本山の寺院。
• Zenrin-ji Temple, located in Eikando-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is the headquarters of the Seizan-Zenrin-ji branch of the Pure Land Sect.

• 広隆寺 （こうりゅうじ）は、京都市右京区太秦（うずまさ）にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Koryu-ji Temple, located in the Uzumasa area of Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Omuro branch of the Shingon Sect.

• （寺院建物内部で使用されていた火鉢の残り火が原因）大仏は台座の一部などが現存する。
• (caused by the embers in the brazier used in the temple). A part of the Great Buddha's pedestal has survived.

• 近世の妙法院は、方広寺、蓮華王院（三十三間堂）、新日吉社を兼帯する大寺院であった。
• Myoho-in Temple in the early modern period existed as a large temple complex with Hoko-ji Temple, Rengeo-in Temple (Sanjusangen-do Hall) and Ima Hie-sha Shrine.

• なお、唐橋西寺公園近くの南区唐橋平垣町には「西寺」の寺号のみを継いだ小寺院がある。
• Near to Karahashi Saiji Park, in Karahashi Hiragaki-cho, Minami Ward stands a small temple that has inherited the name 'Sai-ji Temple'.

• 聖護院（しょうごいん）は京都府京都市左京区聖護院中町にある本山修験宗総本山の寺院。
• Shogo-in Temple is the head temple of the Buddhist Honzan Shugen Sect located in Shogo-in Nakamachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 海住山寺（かいじゅうせんじ）は、京都府木津川市加茂町にある真言宗智山派の仏教寺院。
• Kaijusen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan School of the Shingon Sect located in Kamo-cho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 妙徳山 華厳寺（みょうとくさん　けごんじ）は京都府京都市西京区にある臨済宗の寺院。
• Kegon-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Rinzai Sect located in Nishigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 蟹満寺（かにまんじ）は、京都府木津川市山城町 (京都府)にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Kaniman-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan school of the Shingon Sect located in Yamashiro-cho, Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 愛宕念仏寺（おたぎねんぶつじ）は京都府京都市右京区の嵯峨野にある天台宗の仏教寺院。
• Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 西本願寺（にしほんがんじ）は、京都府京都市下京区にある浄土真宗本願寺派本山の寺院。
• Nishi Hongan-ji Temple is a Honzan (Head Temple) of the Hongan-ji branch of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) located in Shimogyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 京都盆地の西にそびえる愛宕山（924m）の東方の深い山中に位置する山岳寺院である。
• It is a mountain temple located deep within the mountains to the east of Mt. Atago (924 m) that rises at the west of the Kyoto basin.

• 祈願所（きがんじょ）は神社、寺院の1つで、特に人々が神仏に願い事を行う寺社を指す。
• The term kiganjo refers to a Buddhist temple or Shinto shrine at which worshipers pray for favors.

• 大興寺（だいこうじ）は、京都府福知山市正明寺（しょうみょうじ）にある臨済宗の寺院。
• Daiko-ji Temple is a temple of the Rinzai Sect of Buddhism located in Shomyoji, Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 計画のみとしても3塔を配置する例は無く、2塔でも南北に配置する古代寺院は他に無い。
• The plan of these pagodas might not have been completed, but even so, there are no other ancient temples with three pagodas, or with two pagodas lying in north-south direction.

• なおこの時代に上乗院が寺主となって興福寺の支配下から離れ、真言宗寺院となっている。
• In this period, Jojo-in became the owner of the temple, and the temple became a Shingon sect temple, departing from the control of Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 酒波寺（さなみじ）は滋賀県高島市今津町にある真言宗智山派の寺院・京都智積院の末寺。
• Sanami-ji Temple is a temple of the Chisan school of Shingon sect located in Imazu-cho, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture and also a branch temple of Chishaku-in Temple, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 年預（ねんよ/ねんにょ）は、東大寺・東寺・金剛峯寺などの寺院に置かれた役職の1つ。
• The Nenyo is an official position in temples such as the Todai-ji Temple, To-ji Temple, and the Kongobu-ji Temple.

• このすばらしい寺院の装飾はまるで天才がきまぐれな子供の言うがままにしたみたいです。
• It looks as if Genius had followed the caprices of a child, in the adornment of these singular temples.

• 寺院移転後は、この親鸞の影像を安置している寺を本願寺とするのが妥当と考えられている。
• It is thought that the temple where Shinran's portrait was placed should be called Hongwan-ji Temple, after a transfer of the temple.

• 内部は仏教各宗派の本山寺院の仏堂を模した豪華な作りになっており、仏像や位牌を納める。
• Its inside is designed as a gorgeous simulation of the Buddhist hall of the head temple of each relevant Buddhist sect, where statues of Buddha and ihai (ancestral tablets) are installed.

• 「大谷廟堂」の寺院化（本願寺の成立）に尽力し、本願寺を中心とする教団の基礎となった。
• He strived to convert 'Otani-byodo Mausoleum' into a temple (establishment of Hongan-ji Temple) and laid the foundation of a religious order headed by Hongan-ji Temple.

• 元亨元年（1321年）、「大谷廟堂」を寺院化し、「本願寺」と号する（本願寺の成立）。
• In 1321, he converted 'Otani Byodo Mausoleum' into a temple and named it 'Hongan-ji Temple' (the establishment of Hongan-ji Temple).

• その寺院の僧侶の居住する場所、また寺内の時食を調える、つまり台所も兼ねる場合がある。
• It is sometimes used as the priest's living quarters or the kitchen to cook meals in a temple.

• 光明寺(こうみょうじ)は、京都府長岡京市粟生にある寺院で、西山浄土宗の総本山である。
• Komyo-ji, the Grand Head Temple of the Seizan Jodo sect, is located in Ao, Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 鎌倉幕府後期に鎌倉幕府によって臨済宗の主な5つの寺院を選んだ「五山」の寺格ができた。
• During the latter part of the Kamakura shogunate, the authorities set up a system of grading temples and accordingly, decided the Rinzai sect's five most important temples called 'Gozan.'

• それに続く室町幕府では、それを発展させ臨済宗寺院を五山・十刹・諸山・林下に区分した。
• The Muromachi shogunate further segmentized the Rinzai Sect temples into gozan, jissatsu (ten important temples of the Rinzai sect), shozan (zen temples other than gozan and jissatsu) and rinka (lowest ranked zen temples.

• また僧侶のなかには神官や兵士となるものや寺院の土地や宝物を売り逃げていくものもいた。
• Some Buddhist priests became Shinto priests or soldiers and some sold off temples' land and/or treasures and ran away.

• そのため、無本寺寺院をゼロにして、寺院相互の本末関係を固定化してしまう必要があった。
• Therefore, the shogunate needed to eliminate the temple that belonged to no main temple, and thereby fix the hierarchy of all temples.

• 五山（ござん）とは、中国・日本における禅林（禅宗寺院）の格式であり、十刹・諸山の上。
• Gozan indicates the status of a Zenrin (temple of the Zen sect) in China and Japan that is ranked above jissatsu (for the ten important temples of the Rinzai sect) and shozan (for ordinary Zen temples).

• 延年（えんねん）は、寺院において大法会の後に僧侶や稚児によって演じられた日本の芸能。
• Ennen is a Japanese art which was performed by monks and chigo (child in a Buddhist possession) at temples after Daihoe (great Buddhist memorial service).

• 主に淡島神社（粟島神社）または淡島神を祀る堂（淡島堂・粟島堂）がある寺院で行われる。
• The event is mainly held at temples that have Awashima-do Hall which enshrines Awashima-jinja Shrine or Awashima-no-kami.

• また宿坊を備えた禅寺院などの食事では、必ずと言ってもよい程供される定番の品目である。
• It is a standard dish served as Shojin-ryori in almost all Zen temples operating shukubo (visitors' or pilgrims' lodgings in a temple).

• 広義には、寺院・神社の信徒が近隣に集落を形成した寺内町・社家町も含めて門前町という。
• In a broad sense, it includes a temple town or shrine town where followers lived near a temple or shrine and created a community.

• 学校は謹慎の意を表して休校となり、神社や寺院や教会では、皇太子平癒の祈祷が行われた。
• Schools were closed as a suspension, and prayer services were held at Shinto shrines, temples and churches to pray for Nicholas's recovery.

• 古都奈良の文化財（ことならのぶんかざい）は、奈良県奈良市地域に存在する寺院等の総称。
• The Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is the general term for temples and other historical monuments in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 一方、仏法説話には観音・天王などの霊験譚や、寺院の縁起譚、往生譚、怪異譚などがある。
• The Buddhist narratives include miraculous tales of devas and gods such as Kannon (the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy), historical tales of Buddhist temples, tales about passing to the next life, and tales of the supernatural.

• 信州小布施にある曹洞宗寺院・岩松院の本堂、その大間天井に描かれた巨大な1羽の鳳凰図。
• A painting of a large phoenix drawn on the ceiling of the large room in the main hall of Gansho-in Temple, the Soto sect, at Obuse in Shinshu.

• 首と刀は甥の井上泰助が近くの寺院に埋めたとされるが、いまだに正確な場所は不明である。
• Genzaburo's head and sword were said to have been buried in the nearby temple by his nephew, Taisuke INOUE; however, the exact location is unknown.

• 1283年に市川の天台宗寺院平塩寺に入門して空阿に師事し、真言宗や天台宗などを学ぶ。
• He became a disciple of Heien-ji Temple of the Tendai sect to study the Shingon Sect, Tendai sect, etc. under Kuua.

• 豊臣秀吉による京都改造によって通りの東側に寺院が集められたことからこの名前になった。
• The street obtained the name 'Teramachi (literally temple district)' because Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's recreation of Kyoto led many temples to move into the east side of this street.

• 七世紀に飛鳥盆地や周辺の丘陵部で宮殿・寺院・貴族の邸宅の造営などが相次いで行われた。
• In the 7th century, there was a rush of construction of palaces, temples and residences of the nobles on the hills of Asuka Basin and its surrounding areas.

• 醍醐寺（だいごじ）は、京都府京都市伏見区醍醐東大路町にある真言宗醍醐派総本山の寺院。
• Daigo-ji Temple is a head temple of the Daigo-ha branch of Shingon Buddhism, in Daigo Higashioji, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 三門、仏堂、方丈、庫裏などからなる主要伽藍の北・南・西に計25か寺の塔頭寺院がある。
• The main monastery comprises of, among other structures, the Sammon Gate, Butsudo, Hojo, and Kuri, and is accompanied by a total of 25 sub-temples that are situated to its north, south and west.

• 法金剛院（ほうこんごういん）は、京都市右京区花園_(京都市)にある律宗の寺院である。
• Hokongo-in Temple is a temple of Ritsu Sect located in Hanazono, Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 中野区最大の寺院であり、西武新宿線の駅名にもなるなど、都内でも有数の著名寺院である。
• Baisho-in Temple is the largest temple in Nakano Ward and is well-known within the city - even lending its name to a train station on the Seibu Shinjuku Line.

• 中尊を観音、脇侍を不動明王・毘沙門天とする組み合わせは天台系寺院にしばしば見られる。
• Triads consisting of a central Kannon statue and the attendants Fudo Myoo and Bishamonten are frequently found at Tendai Sect lineage temples.

• 官寺（かんじ）とは、国家の監督を受ける代わりにその経済的保障を受けていた寺院のこと。
• Kan-ji temples (state-sponsored temples) were temples that received financial guarantees instead of state supervision.

• 安国寺利生塔は新しく造営された物もあるが、既存の寺院を修理してこれに充てた国もある。
• Some Ankoku-ji Temples and Risho-to Pagodas were completely new structures but there were provinces in which existing temples were repaired to serve the purpose.

• 心光院（しんこういん）は京都府京都市左京区岩倉下在地町42にある浄土宗鎮西派の寺院。
• Shinko-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) Chinzei School located at 42 Iwakura Shimozaiji-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 宝菩提院（ほうぼだいいん）は、京都市南区 (京都市)九条東寺町に位置する寺院である。
• Hobodai-in Temple is a temple located in Toji-cho, Kujo, in Minami Ward, Kyoto City.

• 新薬師寺は奈良時代から存在する寺院であることは間違いないが、草創については諸説ある。
• There is no doubt that Shinyakushi-ji Temple dates back to the Nara period, but there are various views on it's inauguration.

• 般若寺（はんにゃじ）は、奈良市北部・奈良坂（奈良きたまち）に位置する真言律宗の寺院。
• Hannya-ji Temple is the Shingo Risshu sect's temple located at Nara-zaka (also called Nara Kitamachi) in the northern part of Nara City.

• 内山永久寺（うちやまえいきゅうじ）は奈良県天理市杣之内町にかつて存在した寺院である。
• Uchiyama-Eikyu-ji Temple is a temple that once existed in Somanouchi-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.

• 称名寺（しょうみょうじ）は奈良県奈良市菖蒲池町にある浄土宗浄土宗西山派の寺院である。
• Shomyo-ji Temple is a temple of the Nishiyama school of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect located in Ayameike-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 宮の前廃寺は、その名のとおり仏教寺院として存続しておらず、神社の境内に位置している。
• As its name suggests, Miyanomae Haiji is no longer used as a Buddhist temple, and it is located in the precinct of the shrine.

• 鳳閣寺（ほうかくじ）は、奈良県吉野郡黒滝村にある寺院で、真言宗鳳閣寺派の本山である。
• Hokaku-ji Temple, located at Kurotaki-mura, Yoshino-gun in Nara Prefecture, is the head temple of Hokaku-ji school of Shingon Buddhism.

• 常覚寺（じょうかくじ）は、奈良県五條市（旧吉野郡西吉野村）にある高野山真言宗の寺院。
• Jokaku-ji Temple is a Koyasan Shingon sect temple located in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture (former Nishiyoshino Village, Yoshino County).

• 彼らがバビロニアに追放された紀元前587年−86年のエルサレム寺院の破壊から現在まで
• from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to the present time

• 東本願寺 (東京都台東区)（東京都台東区） - 長男大谷光紹、末寺・崇敬寺院数　324
• Higashi Hongan-ji Temple (Taito-ku, Tokyo) - the oldest son Kosho OTANI, 324 branch and affiliated temples.

• そのため、短期間で住職が交代したり、2つの寺院の間で住職が入れ替わるということもある。
• Therefore sometimes there is a change in the chief priest in a short period of time or exchange of a chief priest between two temples.

• 虫払い法要（宝物がある一部の古刹寺院のみ、大石寺では毎年4月6日、4月7日に営まれる）
• Buddhist memorial service to get rid of insects (this is only for certain historic old temples where there are treasures, and it is held on April 6 and 7 every year in Taiseki-ji Temple)

• 日本各地の寺院にある「善光寺式阿弥陀三尊像」と呼ばれる三尊像も同様の形式のものである。
• Amida triad images of so-called 'Amida triad images of Zenko-ji temple-style,' which are seen in temples across Japan, are of the same style.

• 龍吟庵（りょうぎんあん）は京都府京都市東山区にある臨済宗東福寺派の寺院で東福寺の塔頭。
• Ryoginan is a temple of the Tofuku-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, and is tatchu (sub-temple on the site of the main temple) of Tofuku-ji Temple.

• 源光庵（げんこうあん）は、京都市北区 (京都市)鷹峯（たかがみね）にある曹洞宗の寺院。
• Genkoan, a temple of the Soto sect, is situated in Takagamine in Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

• 上品蓮台寺（じょうぼんれんだいじ）は、京都市北区 (京都市)にある真言宗智山派の寺院。
• Jobonrendai-ji Temple, located in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, is a temple of the Chizan school of the Shingon sect.

• 宗派に関係なくどの寺院でも行う（但し釈迦を本仏としない富士門流（日蓮正宗等）は除く）。
• The event can take place at any temple irrespective of the sect (with the exception of the Nichiren Sho sect's Fujimon school (where Buddha is not the principal deity)).

• 特に私寺に対する禁令が強化された延暦年間以後に定額寺に列する寺院が急激に増加している。
• Particularly, after the Enryaku era, when a ban on private temples was fortified, the number of temples designated as jogakuji skyrocketed.

• 集会には所属する寺院そのものあるいは僧侶の各集団の構造によって形態に違いが生じている。
• Shue differs in its form, depending on the temples to which the Buddhist priests belonged or the structure of each group of Buddhist priests.

• また名称を別とすれば個々の寺院や不動像自体は江戸時代（以前）からの歴史を持つとされる。
• It is said that, except for the term Goshiki Fudo, the history of those individual temples and the statues of Fudo-son mentioned earlier goes back to the pre-Edo Period.

• 檀家制度は、民衆はいずれかの寺院を菩提寺としてその檀家となる事を義務づけるものである。
• According to the Danka system, all the common people had to belong to bodaiji (family temple) and become the temple's danka (supporter of a Buddhist temple).

• また、日本の多くの寺院が、事実上世襲となっていることも葬式仏教化へと拍車をかけている。
• The hereditary system which has been adopted in most temples of Japan is the major factor in causing the generalization of Soshiki-Bukkyo.

• 東本願寺の抱き牡丹は同寺院の象徴として用いられ、ほかに抱き牡丹立涌、六篠笹などがある。
• The pattern of daki-botan (a peony flower held in two leaf stalks) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple is used as its symbol, and there are daki-botan tatsuwaku (symmetrical mountain-shaped curves with peony flowers each of which are held in two leaf stalks) and roku shinozasa (six bamboo leaves).

• また唐獅子や若松の丸、雲に鳳凰丸、桐雲なども公家や寺院で用いられた図案の系譜に属する。
• Besides, other patterns such as karajishi (an artistic portrait of a lion), wakamatsu no maru (roundly designed young pine branches), kumo ni hoomaru (clouds with roundly designed phoenixes) and kiri-gumo belong to the genealogy of the designs used by court nobles and temples.

• それに先だって元禄期には寺院の住持を出す家系のことを寺元、家元、里元などと呼んでいた。
• Earlier, in the Genroku period, family lines who produced chief priests of temples were called 'Teramoto', 'Iemoto' or 'Satomoto.'

• しかし現在でも「獅子舞」や、各地の寺院で行われる「お練供養」にその痕跡をとどめている。
• However, reminiscences of gigaku can be found in other performances of 'shishimai' (Lion dance) and 'Onerikuyo' (the Buddhist ceremonial parade, wearing the masks and costumes of various Bodhisattva) performed in temples around the country.

• 当該地区にある寺院名は「かじゅうじ」を正式呼称とするが、地名は「かんしゅうじ」である。
• The official name of the temple in this district is 'Kaju-ji Temple' but the district name is 'Kanshuji.'

• 当時、京都では六条本圀寺などの日蓮宗寺院を中心に、日蓮宗の信仰が町衆の大半に浸透した。
• At that time in Kyoto, the Nichiren-sect faith became widespread among the Machi-shu (an elite group of businessmen and artisans) around the Nichiren-sect temples (such as Rokujo Honkoku-ji Temple).

• さらに、寺町は、城下町の外郭に配されて広い寺院が建ち並び、都市防衛強化の一翼を担った。
• The Teramachi was located at the outer rim of the jokamachi and spacious temples formed part of the city defenses.

• 宗教組織は、依然として僧兵組織の維持や、戦闘拠点となりうる寺院の造営に力を振り分けた。
• Religious organizations still used powers for maintenance of organizations of armed priests and constructions of buildings for temples that could be used as the base of battle.

• 鶴林寺は聖徳太子創建と伝えられる天台宗寺院であり、太子堂は当初法華堂として建造された。
• Kakurin-ji Temple was the Tendai sect temple which was said to be constructed by Prince Shotoku, and Taishi-do Hall was originally constructed as Hokke-do Hall.

• 藤原氏ら富豪や大寺院などの圧力により、再度墾田を許可することになったと考えられている。
• It is believed that the government was compelled to allow resumption of land development due to the pressure brought on by the wealthy like the Fujiwara clan and large temples.

• 1948年1月1日には日本の宗教施設は（仏教寺院が13、カトリック教会が2）であった。
• Japanese religious institutions were 13 Buddhist temples and 2 Catholic churches as of January 1, 1948.

• このころの本願寺は多難で、宗派の中心寺院としての格を失い青蓮院の一末寺に転落していた。
• Hongan-ji Temple during this period was full of problems, and it had lost its status as the main temple within its religious denomination, and it had fallen to the status of merely one of the temples under Seiren-in Temple.

• 義高のための追善供養や読経、各寺院への祈祷などあらゆる手が尽くされたが効果はなかった。
• Every possible mean such as a religious service for the repose of Yoshitaka's soul, sutra chanting and prays in various temples were done, but they were not effective.

• 遺言により、獅子林、仏国寺、法苑院、自得院などの諸寺院に対し、500両を寄進している。
• By Ryoo's will, from his inheritance 500 Ryo was donated to several temples and shrines, such as the Shishirin, Bukkoku-ji Temple, Hoon-in Temple, and the Jitoku-in Temple.

• 霊山寺 (鳴門市)（りょうぜんじ） - 徳島県鳴門市にある真言宗の寺院で山号は竺和山。
• Ryozen-ji Temple (Naruto City) - A Shingon sect temple with the honorific mountain suffix Jikuwazan located in Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture.

• 皇室ゆかりの寺院である大覚寺には、宮廷風の建築や皇室ゆかりの建物を移築したものが多い。
• Due to Daikaku-ji Temple's close ties to the imperial household, it has many buildings that have been constructed in the style of or relocated from the Imperial Court.

• 「高麗門」「薬医門」ともに、寺院建築よりは城郭、大名屋敷などに多く見られる形式である。
• Both Koraimon and Yakuimon gates are seen far more often at castles and the mansions of Daimyo than temples.

• 平安時代後期の京都では、平等院以外にも皇族・貴族による大規模寺院の建設が相次いでいた。
• In addition to Byodo-in Temple, the Imperial family and nobility successively built many large temples in Kyoto during the latter part of the Heian period.

• 寛永元年7月（1624年）、高台寺は臨済宗寺院である建仁寺の三江紹益を中興開山に招聘。
• In 1624, Kodai-ji Temple invited Rinzai Sect Kennin-ji Temple priest Sanko Joeki to serve as a reviving founder.

• 1795年（寛政7年）、名古屋の本圀寺末の寺院より幕府に「新義異流」として告発される。
• 1795: The bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) denounces the temple as a 'Shingi Iryu' from a Nagoya sub-temple of Honkoku-ji Temple.

• 宝積寺（ほうしゃくじ）は京都府乙訓郡大山崎町の天王山中腹にある真言宗智山派の仏教寺院。
• Hoshaku-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Chizan School of the Shingon Sect located on the side of Mt. Tenno in Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 前身寺院である出雲寺は、京都市上京区の相国寺の北、上御霊神社付近にあったと推定される。
• It is assumed that its predecessor, Izumo-ji Temple, was located in the vicinity of Kamigoryo-jinja Shrine to the north of Shokoku-ji Temple in Kamigyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 月輪寺（がつりんじ、つきのわでら）は、京都市右京区嵯峨清滝月ノ輪町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Gatsurin-ji Temple (also known as Tsukinowa-dera Temple) is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Tsukinowa-cho, Saga Kiyotaki, Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City.

• 常照皇寺（じょうしょうこうじ）は、京都市右京区（旧京北町）にある臨済宗天竜寺派の寺院。
• Joshoko-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tenryuji School of the Rinzai Sect located in Ukyo-ku Ward (formerly Keihoku-cho), Kyoto City.

• 法然寺（ほうねんじ）は 京都府京都市右京区嵯峨天竜寺立石町にある、浄土宗の寺院である。
• Honen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) located in Sagatenryuji Tateishi-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 大聖院（だいしょういん）は、京都市右京区（旧北桑田郡京北町）にある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Daisho-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Sect Omuro School located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City (formerly Keihoku-cho, Kitakuwada-gun).

• 或いは貞観 (日本)11年（869年）に親王が落飾した際に寺院にした物とも伝えられる。
• It is also said that in 869, when the Imperial Prince shaved his head to become a priest, the palace was turned into a temple.

• 斑鳩町の中宮寺、佐保の法華寺と共に大和三門跡と呼ばれる臨済宗妙心寺派に属する門跡寺院。
• Ensho-ji Temple is a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of Imperial Family and nobility enter the priesthood) which belongs to the Myoshin-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect called Yamato Three Monzeki as well as Chugu-ji Temple in Ikaruga-cho and Hokke-ji Temple in Saho were.

• 戒長寺（かいちょうじ）は奈良県宇陀市榛原町 (奈良県)にある真言宗御室派の寺院である。
• Kaicho-ji Temple, located in Haidara Town, Uda City, Nara Prefecture is a temple that belongs to the Omuro school of the Shingon sect.

• おふさ観音（おふさかんのん）は、奈良県橿原市小房（おうさ）町にある寺院の通称名である。
• Ofusa Kannon is the common name of the Buddhist temple located in Ousa-cho, Kashimara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 神社および寺院、天理教や黒住教などの新宗教を含めて、宗教に関する全ての行政を管掌した。
• The bureau took charge of all administrations relating to religions, including shrines and temples, and new religions such as Tenrikyo and Kurozumikyo.

• 近世に入ると様式の折衷化が進み、密教寺院に一部禅宗様の要素が取り入れられることもあった。
• Entering the modern period, architectural styles were further blended, and elements of Zenshu-yo were partly adopted in some esoteric Buddhism temples.

• また、寺院では仏教を専門に教育しており、儒教などの世俗の学問は基本的に扱っていなかった。
• The major subject at temples was Buddhism, and secular studies such as Confucianism and so on were generally not taught there.

• 美濃国の寺院を経て妙心寺の43世に就任し、美濃国の崇福寺 (岐阜市)から甲斐国に移った。
• After serving at a temple in Mino Province, he became the 43rd priest of Myoshin-ji Temple; he later moved from Sofuku-ji Temple in Mino Province (Gifu City) to Kai Province.

• このため、定額寺の中には統制だけが残った定額寺の格式を嫌ってこれを返上する寺院も現れた。
• As a result, a certain portion of jogakuji began to return their jogakuji status, despising its restrictive nature without advantages.

• 約75000の寺院、30万体以上あるといわれる仏像は、他の仏教国と比べても桁違いに多い。
• There are estimated to be about 75,000 temples and more than 300,000 Buddhist statues, more than those of other Buddhist countries.

• 算額（さんがく）とは額や絵馬に数学の問題や解法を記して、神社や寺院に奉納したものである。
• Sangaku is a framed picture or Ema (a votive picture tablet) with mathematical problems and answers written on it, and dedicated to shrines and temples.

• 僧坊酒（そうぼうしゅ）は平安時代から江戸時代に至るまで、大寺院で醸造された日本酒の総称。
• Soboshu is a collective term referring to Japanese sake brewed in major temples from the Heian period to Edo period.

• しかし、戦国時代 (日本)に織田信長はじめ武将たちの攻撃を受けて寺院勢力は大きく衰えた。
• However, the power of those temples declined greatly in the Warring States period by the attack of various warlords including Nobunaga ODA

• 室町幕府は天皇の弟の一人が寺院に預けられている事を知って急遽後光厳天皇として即位させた。
• The Muromachi bakufu received information that the Emperor's younger brother was left at a Temple, and they allowed him to hastily succeed to the throne as Emperor Gokogon.

• 岡山県倉敷市にある修験道の寺院五流尊瀧院の歴代僧正は頼仁親王の子孫が務めていると伝わる。
• It is said that descendants of Imperial Prince Yorihito have been serving as the successive Sojo (high‐ranking Buddhist priest) of Goryu Sonryu-in Temple, a temple for mountaineering asceticism located in Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture.

• 忠季以降の安東氏は、檜山築城や寺院建立を行う一方で蝦夷島の経営にも努め檜山屋形と称した。
• The Ando clan as from Tadasue's generation, was engaged in the management of Ezogashima under the name of Hiyama Yakata, while constructing the Hiyama-jo Castle and temples.

• 「徳政と号し、酒屋、土倉、寺院等を破却せしめ、雑物等恣に之を取り、借銭等悉く之を破る。」
• They attacked liquor stores, pawnbrokers and temples, and so on, took out pawned goods, and torn due bills, calling for debt cancellation.'

• 仏教寺院の運営には当然経費を要するため、寺院の収入源として寺田が設定されることとなった。
• Cost was naturally necessary for operating a temple, and jiden fields became set as a source of the incomes for the temples.

• 東大寺は、奈良市にあり、現在では華厳宗の大本山の、奈良時代から続く歴史ある大寺院である。
• Located in Nara City, Todai-ji, now the head temple of the Kegon sect, is a large temple built during the Nara period.

• 妙心寺（みょうしんじ）は、京都市右京区花園 (京都市)にある臨済宗妙心寺派大本山の寺院。
• Myoshin-ji Temple is situated in Hanazono, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City and is the head temple of the Rinzai sect Myoshin-ji School of Zen Buddhism.

• 建仁寺（けんにんじ、けんねんじ）は、京都府京都市東山区にある臨済宗建仁寺派大本山の寺院。
• Kennin-ji Temple, located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is the headquarters of the Rinzai sect Kennin-ji School of Zen Buddhism.

• 三千院、妙法院などとともに、青蓮院も比叡山上にあった房（小寺院）がその起源とされている。
• As with many other temples such as Sanzen-in Temple and Myoho-in Temple, the origin of Shoren-in Temple lies in one of the several lodging chamber for priests built atop Mt. Hiei.

• 「鳥獣人物戯画」をはじめ、絵画、典籍、文書など、多くの文化財を伝える寺院として知られる。
• In addition to 'Choju-Jinbutsu-Giga' (Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans), the temple is renowned for its numerous cultural properties including paintings, ancient writings and documents.

• 1.神護寺（じんごじ）は、京都市右京区高雄にある高野山真言宗遺跡（ゆいせき）本山の寺院。
• 1. Jingo-ji Temple is the successor of the Koyasan Shingon Sect head temple located in Takao, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 園城寺などの加勢を得るなかで格式高い天台寺院として栄えるも、室町中期に戦禍に遭って焼失。
• Mimuroto-ji Temple flourished as a high ranking Tendai Sect temple with the backing of temples such as Enjo-ji Temple, but became destroyed by war damages during the mid-Muromachi period.

• 霊鹿山 行願寺（りょうろくざん ぎょうがんじ）は、京都府京都市中京区にある天台宗の寺院。
• Ryorokuzan Gyogan-ji Temple is a Tendai Sect temple located in Nakagyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 宝厳院（ほうごんいん）は京都府京都市右京区嵐山にある臨済宗天龍寺派の寺院で天龍寺の塔頭。
• Hogon-in Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tenryu-ji school of the Rinzai Sect located in Arashiyama, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 桂林寺（けいりんじ）とは、京都府舞鶴市にある、丹後国有数の歴史を誇る曹洞宗中本山の寺院。
• Keirin-ji Temple is the historically prominent Tango Province Chuhonzan (mid-level head temple) of the Soto Sect located in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 阿弥陀寺（あみだじ）は、京都市左京区大原の北側に位置する古知谷にある浄土宗鎮西派の寺院。
• Amida-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Chinzei school of the Pure Land Sect located in Kochidani in the northern part of Ohara, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• また、中央の大寺には造寺司という特定寺院の造営・管理のためだけの令外官も設置されていた。
• Also, within the central dai-ji temples were stationed ryoge-no-kan (officials appointed apart from the provisions of the imperial code) known as Zoji-shi who were responsible solely for the construction and management of specific temples.

• 後光明天皇安産勅願所で、通称「安産祈願の寺」として有名で京都市左京区にある浄土宗の寺院。
• This Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) temple located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City was the place of imperial prayer for the safe delivery of Emperor Gokomyo and is well known by the common name 'Anzan Kigan no Tera' (lit. Temple for the Prayer of Safe Childbirth).

• 上記2つの元興寺は、もともと同じ寺院の一部であるので、本項ではまとめて述べることとする。
• As the above-mentioned two Gango-ji Temple separated from one temple, they are dealt with together in this section.

• 行基の開創を伝える寺院は現在の大阪府や奈良県を中心に各地に多いが、当寺もその1つである。
• There are many temples, which are said to have been founded by Gyogi, in various places around present-day Osaka Prefecture and Nara Prefecture, and this Kongorin-ji Temple is one of them.

• 玄賓庵（げんぴんあん）は奈良県桜井市茅原にあり、三輪山麓に建つ真言宗醍醐派の寺院である。
• Genpin-an is a temple of the Shingonshu sect Daigo-ji school of Buddhism located in Kayahara, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, the foot of Mt. Miwa.

• こうした鎮守神は、寺院・邸宅・荘園・城などに祀られ、村落においても祀られるようになった。
• Chinju gami then were enshrined at places such as temples, residences, shoen (manor in medieval Japan), castles, and villages.

• 寺院単位で設置され、施設の建築やそこで使われる用具の製造（経典の写経も含む）にあたった。
• Zojishi was established for each temple for building facilities and making Buddhist ceremony utensils used in the temple, including copying a sutra.

• ユダヤ人の崇拝のための主要な中心部として機能したエルサレムの3つの連続した寺院のいずれか
• any of three successive temples in Jerusalem that served as the primary center for Jewish worship

• その他、千手観音をまつる著名寺院としては、清水寺、三十三間堂、西国札所の粉河寺などがある。
• Besides these, Kiyomizu-dera Temple, Sanjusangendo Temple and Kokawa-dera Temple, a pilgrim stamp office of the Saigoku (western part of Japan), are famous for enshrining Senju Kannon.

• 「法堂」は主に禅宗寺院で用いられ、そのほかの宗派では講堂（こうどう）と呼ばれることが多い。
• The word 'hatto' is used in temples of the Zen sect, and in other sects, it is usually called kodo.

• その後、雪峰崇聖寺、徑山萬壽寺、天童山など諸寺院で制度が整えられ、宋代に日本に伝えられた。
• A system was later developed by Chongsheng Temple on Mt. Xuefeng, Wanshou Temple on Mt. Jing and the temples on Mt. Tiantong. and this was later transmitted to Japan during the Song Dynasty.

• また抜け参りといって、藩境を超えて信仰の許されている藩の真宗寺院に参詣することも行われた。
• Additionally, there were activities called Nukemairi (escape and worship) that involved traveling across the domain border to visit the Jodo Shinshu Sect's temple of the domain, where the religious practices were allowed and performed.

• 十刹（じっせつ）とは、中国・日本における禅林（禅宗寺院）の格式であり、五山の下・諸山の上。
• Jissetsu is a form of Zen temple in China and Japan, below the Gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) and above the Shozan (zen temples other than Gozan (five great zen temples) and Jissetsu (ten important temples of the Rinzai sect)).

• 寺格（じかく）は、経済的もしくは身分的に区分された寺院の等級を設けて、格式を区別すること。
• Jikaku was the hierarchy of a Buddhist temple used to classify its status based on its economic and social standing.

• このことから、比叡山延暦寺をはじめとする天台宗の修行道場をおく寺院に建てられることが多い。
• Therefore this type of hall was often built in the Tendai sect temple having ascetic exercise halls such as the Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.

• なお、主に日蓮宗の寺院で使用されるものに木製の鉦があり、通常木鉦（もくしょう）と称される。
• The wooden sho, ordinarily called mokusho, is used mostly in the Nichiren sect.

• 豊臣秀吉は石山本願寺跡に大坂城を建てたが、彼は基本的に寺院勢力との仲を良好にしようとした。
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI built Osaka-jo Castle on the site of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, but he basically tried to remain on good terms with temples.

• 天台宗が全国に広がる過程で、山王権現も各地に勧請され、多くは天台宗の寺院の鎮守神とされた。
• As the Tendai sect was propagated across Japan, Sanno Gongen was branched and constructed across Japan mostly to be the guardian deity of the Tendai sect temples.

• 「勧進」とは仏と縁を結ぶように勧めることで、転じて寺院の再興などのために寄付を集めること。
• Kanjin' (temple solicitation) was originally meant to promote a relationship with the Buddha, and then turned to be to collect contribution for the revival of a temple.

• 京都は寺院料理の影響をうけ、また海産物に乏しいことから野菜や乾物を使った料理に発展をみた。
• Because dishes in Kyoto were affected by dishes at temples and marine products were unavailable, dishes using vegetables and dried foodstuffs developed.

• 奈良時代、大寺、とりわけ官立寺院の仏像を造営する官立の造仏所（ぞうぶつしょ）が新設された。
• In the Nara period, a national 'zobutsusho' (a workshop) where Buddhist statues for 'daiji' (major temples built by Emperors), especially national temples were made, was newly built.

• 中世になると、再び、寺院以外の天皇や征夷大将軍の御所の屋根も桧皮で葺かれることが多くなる。
• In medieval times, the roofs of buildings other than temples, such as Gosho (Imperial Palace) of emperors and Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') were often covered with Hiwada (bark of Japanese cypress) again.

• 1542年（天文11年）に京都帰還を許す再勅許が下り、後に日蓮宗寺院15本山が再建された。
• In 1542, an imperial sanction allowed them to return to Kyoto, and later, the 15 head temples of Nichiren sect were rebuilt.

• 前項に示したような実際の寺院の概観において、その朝鮮寺が属する宗派による違いは存在しない。
• The actual overview of temple mentioned above doesn't vary according to any religious school that a Korean Temple belongs to.

• 円照のあとを受けて東大寺戒壇院に住し、法隆寺や唐招提寺など多くの寺院を管理下においていた。
• He became the successor to Ensho and lived in Kaidan-in at Todai-ji Temple, supervising many temples including Horyu-ji Temple and Toshodai-ji Temple.

• これは聚楽第や御土居の建設、寺院の寺町通への移動などと並ぶ秀吉の京都改造事業の一貫である。
• This was a part of his reconstruction plan of Kyoto, along with the construction of Jurakudai residence and Odoi (earth enclosure), and the transfer of temples to the area along the Teramachi-dori Street.

• 平安時代初期の僧侶最澄（767年 - 822年）により開かれた日本天台宗の本山寺院である。
• It is the central institution of the Japanese Tendai Sect, founded by the monk Saicho (767-822) in the early Heian period.

• 霊山寺 (静岡市)（れいざんじ） - 静岡県静岡市清水区にある真言宗古義派・新義派の寺院。
• Reizan-ji Temple (Shizuoka City) - A Shingon sect old/new interpretation school temple located in Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture.

• 妙心寺は、大徳寺とともに、修行を重んじる厳しい禅風を特色とする「林下」の代表的寺院である。
• Along with Daitoku-ji Temple, Myoshin-ji Temple is representative of strict Rinka temples that were characterized by an emphasis on training.

• 創建当時は五重塔なども建つ本格的な寺院であったが、建長元年（1249年）の火災で焼失した。
• At the time of its construction, it was a full-scale temple complex with numerous structures including a five-story pagoda, but it suffered a fire in 1249.

• 青蓮院 （しょうれんいん）は、京都市東山区粟田口（あわたぐち）三条坊町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Shoren-in Temple is a Tendai sect temple located in Awataguchi-sanjobo-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• こうした寺伝は額面どおり受け取ることはできないが、何らかの前身寺院があったものと思われる。
• Although these legends cannot be taken at face value, it is believed that such a predecessor to the current temple genuinely did exist.

• これは、通常の禅宗寺院が原則として南を正面とし、南北に主要建物を並べるのとは異なっている。
• The layout of Tenryu-ji Temple is contrary to the general layout of Zen temple grounds that face south with major buildings aligned along the north-south axis.

• なお、日本における巡礼の最初とされる西国三十三箇所観音霊場に定められている寺院は含まない。
• It does not include any of the temples of the Saigoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage, believed to be Japan's first pilgrimage,

• 創建時の新薬師寺は金堂、東西両塔などの七堂伽藍が建ち並ぶ大寺院であったが、次第に衰退した。
• At the time of the foundation, Shinyakushi-ji was a large temple with seven major structures including Kon-do Hall and the East and the West Towers standing side by side on the compound.

• 光明皇后ゆかりの寺として、また門跡尼寺（皇族などが住職となる格式高い寺院）として知られる。
• It is known as a monzeki temple (a prestigious temple whose chief priest is a member of the Imperial family etc.) as well as a temple associated with Empress Komyo,

• 「寺」「院」「精舎」「蘭若」などと同様、仏教寺院（私寺）を指す一般名詞として使われていた。
• Like words such as 'tera,' 'in,' 'shoja' and 'ranny,a' the word 'tosho' was used as a general noun to identify Buddhist temples (including private temples).

• 屋根は切妻造であったが、寺院用に改造するにあたって、屋根を入母屋造とし、建具を入れている。
• Its roof was originally of kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof) but was rebuilt in irimoya style (with a half-hipped roof) with door fittings.

• 奈良市の南部、天理市よりの、山の辺北道の中ほどの小高い山、虚空蔵山の山腹にある寺院である。
• The temple lies halfway up Mt. Kokuzo, a slightly high hill located almost in the middle of Yamanobe-kita-michi (northern road of Yamanobe road) closer to Tenri City situated on the south of Nara City.

• このため瑞龍寺は日蓮宗寺院では唯一の門跡寺院となり、別名を「村雲御所」と称するようになる。
• For this reason Zuiryu-ji Temple became the only monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) among temples of the Nichiren sect, and was designated as 'Murakumo-gosho'.

• 13世紀前半に達磨寺3号墳が整備され、寺院として開基するときに納められたと考えられている。
• This is thought to have been buried when the site was reorganized as it was re-established as a temple in the first half of the thirteenth century, after the third Daruma-ji tomb was reshaped

• 全国の修験系寺院に祀られている数多い役行者像の中でも、鎌倉彫刻として最も優れた像とされる。
• It is considered the most outstanding statue as a sculpture of the Kamakura period, from among a number of En no Gyoja statues enshrined in Shugen sect temples across the country.

• これを「四天王寺式伽藍配置」と呼び、三国時代 (朝鮮半島)の百済の寺院に見られる形式である。
• This layout is called the 'Shitenno-ji-temple-style garan layout,' which is a style seen in the temples in Baekje in the Sanguo shidai (the Three States period) (the Korean Peninsula).

• この事が切っ掛けで、脆弱な立場の留守職に、限界を感じ「大谷廟堂」の寺院化を考えるようになる。
• Triggered by the above incident, he realized the limitation in the weak position of Rusushiki and started to think of the conversion of 'Otani Byodo Mausoleum' into a temple.

• 由緒寺院として誕生寺（京都市）、長松寺（京都市）、佛立寺（大津市）、義天寺（守口市）がある。
• There were the historical temples of Tanjo-ji (Kyoto City), Chosho-ji (Kyoto City), Butsuryu-ji (Otsu City) and Giten-ji (Moriguchi City).

• 現代日本の各寺院では、写経と言えば、『般若心経』を写経することを指すのが一般的になっている。
• For today's Japanese temples, shakyo generally means the practice of copying the Heart Sutra.

• 内陣（ないじん）は、寺院の本堂内部において本尊を、神社の本殿内部において神体を安置する場所。
• The term 'naijin' refers to a place where a honzon (a principal image of Buddha) is enshrined inside the hondo (main hall) of a temple, or where a shintai (an object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity) is enshrined inside the honden (main hall) of a shrine.

• 奈良県五條市の常覚寺は普賢延命菩薩を本尊とする寺院であり、このような例はきわめて稀少である。
• Jokaku-ji Temple in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture, is one of rare cases of worshipping Fugen Enmei Bosatsu as its honzon (principal image of Buddha).

• 明治40年代にこの寺院は世田谷区太子堂に移転し、その頃から「目青不動」を名乗るようになった。
• During the 40's of the Meiji era (1906 – 1915), this temple was relocated to Taishido, Setagaya Ward and began to refer itself to as 'Meao Fudo' at that time.

• 遣唐使が中止された後は「国風文化」が興ったが、この時期までの文化の中心は貴族と寺院であった。
• After envoys to Tang China were suspended, the 'native Japanese culture' arose, but the center of culture until this time were nobility and temples.

• 南宋時代以降には、禅宗寺院や文人官僚の趣味にあわせた、水墨画や白描画の仏教絵画も制作された。
• After the Southern Sung period, Buddhist ink-wash paintings and hakubyoga (white monochrome drawings) reflecting the tastes of temples of Zen sect and bunjin-kanryo (government officials of letters) were also created.

• また、門跡寺院に入寺する法親王・入道親王は天皇の養子として親王宣下を受けることになっていた。
• Also, Cloistered Imperial Princes and Priestly Imperial Princes who entered a monzeki temple (a high-ranking temple where members of the Imperial Family and nobility entered the priesthood) were supposed to be given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of the Emperor.

• 特に大寺院の門跡であった公家の子弟が還俗し、新たな華族となった26家は奈良華族と総称される。
• Of these, the 26 former kuge families that had had a family member succeed to the position of head priest at a powerful temple or train at such a temple before returning to the secular life and some other families were given the name 'Nara kazoku.'

• 全国でそのような状況を解決するために、仏教寺院などを中心にして造られたのが「布施屋」である。
• In order to resolve such conditions on a nationwide basis, places like Buddhists temples were used as a focal point to establish 'Fuseya.'

• 6世紀末には日本最初の本格的仏教寺院である法興寺（飛鳥寺）の建設が蘇我氏によって始められた。
• In the end of the sixth century, the Soga clan started to construct Hoko-ji Temple (also called Asuka-dera Temple), which was the first full-scale Buddhist Temple in Japan.

• 1985年12月、京都仏教会に加盟する寺院の一部は拝観停止を実行した（第二次拝観停止開始）。
• December 1985: Some of the temples belonging to the Kyoto Buddhist Organization executed their refusal of visitors (the second refusal of visitors).

• とくに大貴族や大寺院は、広大な土地を囲い込み、一般の農民や浮浪人を使役して私有地をひろげた。
• In particular, powerful nobles and temples fenced off vast lands and increased privately owned land by using ordinary farmers and furonin (people escaped from their registered domiciles).

• 仁和寺（にんなじ）は、京都府京都市右京区御室（おむろ）にある真言宗御室派総本山の寺院である。
• Ninna-ji Temple is the main temple of the Omuro sect of Shingon Buddhism, located in Omuro, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 南禅寺 （なんぜんじ）は、京都市左京区南禅寺福地町にある、臨済宗南禅寺派大本山の寺院である。
• Nanzen-ji Temple, located in Nanzen-ji-fukuchi-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, is the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of the Rinzai Sect of Zen Buddhism.

• 大仙院（だいせんいん）は、京都府京都市北区 (京都市)にある臨済宗の大徳寺内にある塔頭寺院。
• Daisen-in Temple is a sub-temple within the precincts of Daitoku-ji Temple in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 持明院（じみょういん）は、現在の京都市上京区の光照院の付近にあったとされる寺院の名前である。
• Jimyo-in Temple is a temple that is thought to have been located in what is now the vicinity of Kosho-in Temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 随心院（ずいしんいん・ずいしんにん）は京都市山科区小野にある真言宗善通寺派大本山の仏教寺院。
• Zuishin-in Temple (it is also pronounced Zuishin-nin Temple) is the Daihonzan (head temple) of the Zentsuji School of the Shingon Sect located in Ono, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City.

• 山崎聖天（やまざきしょうてん）は、京都府乙訓郡大山崎町にある真言宗系単立寺院の観音寺の別名。
• Yamazaki Shoten is another name for the independent Shingon Sect lineage Kannon-ji Temple in Yamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 12世紀に開創された修験道系の山岳寺院で、創建時にさかのぼる仏像など、多くの文化財を伝える。
• The temple was established as a Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) lineage mountain temple in the 12th century and possesses many cultural properties including Buddhist statues dating back to the time of the temple's founding.

• 中宮寺（ちゅうぐうじ）は、奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町の法隆寺に隣接する、聖徳太子ゆかりの寺院である。
• Chugu-ji Temple, next to Horyu-ji Temple in Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture, is noted in connection with Prince Shotoku.

• 蘇我氏の氏寺で、日本最古の本格的寺院でもある法興寺（仏法が興った寺という意味）の後身である。
• It's predecessor was Hoko-ji Temple, the clan temple (ujidera) of the Soga Clan and the first proper temple in Japan (Hoko-ji means 'the temple where Buddhism flourished').

• 金剛輪寺（こんごうりんじ）は、滋賀県愛知郡 (滋賀県)（えちぐん）愛荘町にある天台宗の寺院。
• Kongorin-ji Temple is a temple of the Tendai Sect in Aisho-cho, Echi-gun, Shiga Prefecture.

• 日本全国の崇敬者の強い要望により宝厳寺の廃寺は免れて寺院と神社の両方が並存することとなった。
• Strongly requested by worshippers across the nation, Hogon-ji Temple escaped abolition; this meant that the temple and the shrine coexisted.

• 仏隆寺（ぶつりゅうじ）は奈良県宇陀市榛原町 (奈良県)赤埴にある真言宗室生寺派の寺院である。
• Butsuryu-ji is a temple belonging to the Murou-ji School of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, and is located in Akabane in Haibara-cho, Uda City, Nara Prefecture.

• 各地に同名の寺院があるが、一般には浄土真宗（真宗）の本山の一つである本願寺を指すことが多い。
• There are some temples with the same name, Hongan-ji, throughout Japan, but the name usually indicates the Hongan-ji Temple which is one of the head temples of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) (Shinshu sect).

• 1965年（昭和40年）に再興された折に園城寺・三井寺円満院より独立し、単立の寺院となった。
• When it was restored in 1965, it was separated from Enjo-ji/Mii-dera Temple Enmanin and became a nonsectarian temple.

• 興福寺・東大寺など奈良の大寺院の監視とその門前町（ならまち・奈良きたまち）の支配のため設置。
• Established for supervision of Kofuku-ji Temple, Todai-ji Temple and other large temples in Nara, and rule over their temple towns (Nara-machi/Nara Kita-machi).

• そういえばスパルタにはさまざまな神を何体も飾ってある寺院や聖堂がたくさんあったと思ったけど。
• Now, at Sparta were a thousand temples and shrines to a thousand different divinities.

• 英国のウエストミンスター寺院のオルガン奏者で、多くの劇作品の作曲家（1659年−1695年）
• English organist at Westminster Abbey and composer of many theatrical pieces (1659-1695)

• また中国では、上記のような中国的な寺院建築だけでなく、インドの形態をまねた石窟寺院も造られた。
• Also, not only Chinese-style temples such as those described above were constructed in China, but also grottoes modeled on the Indian-style garan.

• 現代の寺院建築用語では、円筒形の塔身に宝形造（四角錐形）の屋根を載せた形の塔を「宝塔」と呼ぶ。
• However, today's temple architects define a 'hoto' as a pagoda with a cylinder-shaped body topped by a roof in the shape of a four-sided pyramid.

• 室町幕府によって「天下十刹」が定められたものの、その時々に応じて入る寺院や順位などが変動した。
• Although the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) decided the 'ten great temples in Japan,' but the temples and their rank were subject to change depending on the occasion.

• 寺請制度の確立によって民衆は、いずれかの寺院を菩提寺と定め、その檀家となる事を義務付けられた。
• The establishment of terauke seido forced the public to choose a certain temple as their bodaiji (family temple) and to become danka (supporters of the temple).

• 各宗派の寺院を重層的な本山・末寺の関係に置くことで、その宗派に対する統制をはかった制度である。
• It aimed to control Buddhist sects by placing each of their temples within the hierarchy, from the main temple to the branch temple.

• 大権修利菩薩（だいげん・しゅり・ぼさつ）は、禅宗、特に曹洞宗寺院で尊重され祀られる尊格である。
• Daigen shuri bosatsu is a deity respected at and enshrined to the temples of the Zen sect, especially the Soto sect.

• 一方の「輪宝紋」は、仏教の法輪から発生した紋章で、寺院や神社の装飾としてよく使われる紋である。
• Rinpomon' was a crest that originated from the dharma-wheel (cakra) of Buddhism and was commonly used as decorations of temples and shrines.

• 勅額（ちょくがく）とは、皇帝・天皇などの為政者が国内の寺院に特に与える直筆の書で記された寺額。
• The tem 'imperial inscription' ('chokugaku' in Japanese) refers to inscriptions at temples which were written by rulers such as the emperor and typically given to temples throughout the country.

• この時代以降、和様の寺院建築にも採用されはじめ、さまざまな建築の扉の意匠に大きな影響を与えた。
• After this period, it began to be adopted in temple architecture of Japanese style and had a large effect on the door design of various architectural styles.

• ところが、藤原良房が白河に別業（別荘）である白河殿を造営して以後、別業・寺院の建立が相次いだ。
• However, after FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa erected his betsugyo (villa), Shirakawa-dono Palace, villas and temples were erected one after another.

• 山号を勝宝山と称する（ただし、奈良時代の寺院には山号はなく、後になって付けられたものである）。
• Its sango (the name of a group of Buddhist temples to which the temple belongs) is Shohozan (In the Nara period, temples did not have sango and its sango was given later.).

• 地方の神官や国学者が扇動し、檀家制度のもとで寺院に搾取されていたと感じる民衆がこれに加わった。
• Shinto priests and scholars of Japanese classical literature in rural areas incited people who believed that they had been exploited under the parishioner system to join the campaign.

• 貴族の遊宴のみならず、祇園祭などの御霊会や大寺院の法会などでもしばしば演じられるようになった。
• They were not only performed at feasts of court nobles, but also often performed at goryoe (ritual ceremony to the repose of spirits of a deceased person) such as Gion Festival, and Buddhist mass at large temples.

• 1986年7月1日、京都仏教会に加盟する寺院の一部は拝観停止を実行した（第三次拝観停止開始）。
• July 1, 1986: Some of the temples belonging to the Kyoto Buddhist Organization executed their refusal of visitors (the third refusal of visitors).

• これを根拠として、むしろ農民というより、富豪や大寺院の利益誘導ではなかったかという見方もある。
• Based on this, some view that this was the result of inducement of profit by the wealthy or large temples rather than by farmers.

• 数多くの朝鮮寺における信仰において、仏教と賽神が占める重要度は各々の寺院によって異なっている。
• In numerous believes in Korean Temple, the importance of Buddhism and Sainokami differs depending on each temple.

• 五山文学（ござんぶんがく）は、鎌倉時代末期から室町時代にかけて禅宗寺院で行われた漢文学である。
• Gozan Bungaku (the Literature of the Five Mountains) was literature in Chinese developed in Zen temples from the late Kamakura period to the Muromachi period.

• その後は京都に居を定め、等持院など足利氏ゆかりの寺院からの援助で細々と食いつないでいたという。
• After that they lived in Kyoto, and earned a sparse living as being supported from temples associated with the Ashikaga clan including Toji-in Temple.

• 京都桂離宮、修学院離宮にて造園実務に携わり、寺院境内の研究をする一方、国内外の庭園を多数設計。
• He participated in a landscape gardening business at Katsura Imperial Villa (or, Katsura Detached Palace) and Shugakuin Imperial Villa (or, Shugakuin Detached Palace) in Kyoto and studied the precincts of Buddhist temples, while designing many gardens in Japan and overseas.

• 心照殿－楊貴妃観音堂に接して建つ宝物館で、泉涌寺および塔頭寺院所蔵の文化財を順次公開している。
• Shinsho-den - A museum adjoining the Yokihi-Kannon-do (Empress Yang-Avalokitesvara Hall) that sequentially displays the cultural properties possessed by Sennyu-ji Temple and its sub-temples.

• 宗派は17世紀以来浄土宗と天台宗を兼ね、現在は特定の宗派に属さない単立の仏教寺院となっている。
• It had been devoted to both Jodo Sect and Tendai Sect since the 17th century but is now independent and not affiliated with any particular Buddhist sect.

• 京都の南に位置した鳥羽離宮の東殿に鳥羽天皇が造営した仏堂を起源とする天皇家ゆかりの寺院である。
• It is a temple with a connection to the imperial family that is thought to have originated with a Buddha statue hall constructed by the Emperor Toba at the East Palace of the Toba Rikyu (Toba Imperial Villa) that stands in the south of Kyoto.

• これらの結果、京都市南部および周辺地域において日蓮正宗の寺院が不在となる状況が生じてしまった。
• As a result of these incidents, a state arose in which there were no Nichiren Sho Sect temples in southern Kyoto or the surrounding area.

• 曼荼羅を祀る堂は「極楽坊」と呼ばれて、次第に元興寺本体とは別の寺院として発展するようになった。
• The hall enshrining the Mandala was called 'Gokuraku-bo,' which gradually developed as a different temple from the original Gango-ji Temple.

• 6本の手をもち、体じゅうに蛇が巻き付いた忿怒像で、秋篠寺が真言密教寺院であった時代の作である。
• It is a Funnu-zo (the statue of Terrible Countenance) which has six arms and around which snakes are wrapped, and it was made in the time when Akishino-dera Temple belonged to the Shingon sect of esoteric Buddhism.

• 平安時代には、近江国の多くの寺院と同様、比叡山延暦寺の勢力下に入り、天台宗の寺院となっている。
• In the Heian period, as many other temples in the Omi Province, Hyakusai-ji Temple also fell within Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and became a temple of the Tendai sect.

• 日本三不動の一である黄不動で著名な寺院で、観音堂は西国三十三箇所観音霊場の第14番札所である。
• The temple is famous of its Kifudo painting which is one of the three most famous fudos in Japan, and its Kannon-do Hall (a temple dedicated to Kannon) is the stamp office for temple number 14 of Saigoku Sanjusankasho.

• 奈良県西部から大阪府にかけての地域には金峯山寺以外にも役行者開創を伝える寺院が数多く存在する。
• In addition to Kinpusen-ji Temple, there are a large number of temples from Western Nara Prefecture through Osaka Prefecture, believed to have been founded by EN no Gyoja.

• やがては日蓮宗が広まるにつれ、法華経を守護する神として各地の日蓮宗寺院で祀られるようになった。
• Later, as the Nichiren school spread, she came to be enshrined as the goddess who protects the Lotus Sutra at Nichiren sect temples across Japan.

• このような時代背景のもとに一見矛盾するように見える「寺院・神社の武装化」が推進される事になった。
• In this historic context, 'arming of temples and shrines,' although it seemingly sounds contradictory, was in fact promoted.

• この2つの話が混同され、多くの寺院において盂蘭盆の時期に施餓鬼が行われるようになったといわれる。
• It is said that these two legends were confused and many temples came to hold Segaki during the period of Urabon.

• その他の寺院　長弓寺(奈良県生駒市)、長福寺 (生駒市)(奈良県生駒市)、圓證寺(奈良県生駒市)
• Other temples: Chokyu-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture), Chofuku-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture) and Ensho-ji Temple (Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture)

• ある日、スダッタは釈迦の説法を聞いてこれに帰依し、彼に説法のための寺院を寄付しようと思い立った。
• After listening to Buddha's sermon one day, Sudatta decided to convert and become a believer and donate to Buddha a temple for preaching.

• 寺院諸法度（じいんしょはっと）は、江戸時代、徳川幕府が仏教教団に対して定めた諸法度の総称である。
• Jiin Sho-Hatto is a general term for a set of regulations that applied to the Buddhist religious community in the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Edo period.

• 暦応3年（1340年）に高師直が庵を東側に移して寺院として整備して、この際に真如寺と命名された。
• In 1340, KO no Moronao moved the hermitage to the east side and refurbished it as a temple, which was then called Shinnyo-ji Temple.

• 六道珍皇寺（ろくどうちんのうじ、ろくどうちんこうじ）は、京都市東山区にある臨済宗建仁寺派の寺院。
• Rokudo Chinno-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Rinzai Sect Kenninji School located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City,

• 弘法大師にまつわる伝説は寺院の建立や仏像などの彫刻、あるいは聖水、岩石、動植物等々多岐にわたる。
• Legends related to Kobo Daishi cover a variety of areas, including the building of temples, Buddhist sculptures, sacred water, rocks, plants, and animals.

• 日本では一山の本尊を安置する、寺院の中心的な堂を指して「本堂」あるいは「金堂」ということが多い。
• In Japan, the main Buddha hall of a temple in which the main object of worship is enshrined is usually called 'Hondo' or 'Kondo.'

• そうした事実がなくとも、膨大な量の燈籠の管理や火災防止、後片付けは寺院にとって大きな負担である。
• Aside from these phenomena, it is a heavy burden for a temple to keep a large number of bon toro, to take fire prevention measures about them, and to clean them up.

• それは、招提や蘭若と称される、非公認の小規模寺院の乱立を予め抑制することが目的であったとされる。
• It is believed this was to curb the upsurge in unauthorized small temples, which were known as shodai and rannya.

• 二十四輩（にじゅうよはい）とは、親鸞の関東時代の高弟24人と、その24人を開基とする寺院のこと。
• Nijuyohai refers to the 24 top disciples of the Buddhist monk Shinran when he propagated the Buddhist faith in the Kanto region, as well as the temples worshiping these disciples as founders.

• いつ、どこの寺院から、いかなる事情により移されたかについては諸説あるが、正確なことは不明である。
• Although there are many theories regarding when, from which temple, and for what reason the statue was transferred, the truth remains unclear.

• （寺院を主な対象とする精進料理・茶人を主な対象とする懐石料理は独自性を保って現在まで続いている）
• (Shojin-ryori dishes mostly targeting temples and kaiseki (懐石)-ryori dishes mostly targeting chajin (masters of the tea ceremonies) remained keeping their unique characters).)

• なお、この離宮は亀山天皇自身が寺院化し、正応4年（1291年）に京都五山の上位南禅寺 となった。
• This Palace was made into a real temple by Emperor Kameyama himself and it became the Nanzen-ji, a high ranking temple among Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto in 1291.

• 時の政権は仏教を厚く保護し、寺院の造営、仏像の造立、経典の書写などは国家の事業として実施された。
• The regime at that time protected Buddhism substantially, and implemented the Buddhism-related work, such as construction of temples, making Buddhist statues, and transcription of sutras, as a national project.

• 京都市右京区嵯峨鳥居本小坂町の嵯峨山大覚寺（旧嵯峨御所大覚寺門跡）の搭頭寺院である祇王寺の供養搭
• The memorial tower at Gio-ji temple, which is a sub-temple of Sagasan-Daikaku-ji Temple (remains of the Daikaku-ji Temple Gate at the former Saga Imperial Palace) in Sagatoriimotokozaka-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City

• 延暦寺（えんりゃくじ）は、滋賀県大津市坂本本町にあり、標高848mの比叡山全域を境内とする寺院。
• Enryaku-ji Temple is in Sakamotohonmachi, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, and encompasses Mt. Hiei - at a height of 848m in its temple precincts.

• 日本では一山の本尊を安置する、寺院の中心的な堂を指して「本堂」あるいは「金堂」という場合が多い。
• In Japan, the central hall enshrining the temple's principal object of worship is often referred to as the 'hondo' or 'kondo.'

• 霊山寺 (下仁田町)（りょうぜんじ） - 群馬県甘楽郡下仁田町にある天台宗の寺院で山号は松露山。
• Ryozen-ji Temple (Shimonita-machi) - A Tendai sect temple located in Shimonita-machi, Kanra-gun, Gumma Prefecture with the honorific mountain name prefix 'Shorozan.'

• 承天閣美術館－相国寺と関連寺院（金閣寺など）の文化財を収蔵展示する施設で、1984年に開館した。
• Jotenkaku Museum - This institution was opened in 1984 and exhibits the cultural properties of Shokoku-ji Temple and affiliated temples (such as Kinkaku-ji Temple).

• 密教寺院の中心堂宇は「本堂」「金堂」と称することが多いが、当寺では宋風の「仏殿」の呼称を用いる。
• The central hall of an esoteric Buddhist temple is often known as a 'hon-do' or 'kon-do' but in this temple it has the Chinese Song Dynasty style name of 'butsu-den.'

• 塔頭寺院のうち、西国三十三箇所観音霊場第15番札所の観音寺（観音寺 (京都市東山区)）が名高い。
• Of the sub-temples, Kannon-ji Temple (Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City), stamp office for temple number 15 of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho, is well-known.

• 帰化人系の氏族である秦（はた）氏の氏寺であり、平安京遷都以前から存在した、京都最古の寺院である。
• It served as the ujidera (temple devoted to a clan's guardian deity) of the Hata clan of naturalized citizens and is the oldest temple in Kyoto, originating since before the relocation of the capital city to Heiankyo.

• 円隆寺（えんりゅうじ）は、京都府舞鶴市の西舞鶴を見下ろす愛宕山の山すそにある真言宗御室派の寺院。
• Enryu-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Omuro school of the Shingon Sect located at the foot of Mt. Atago which overlooks Nishi-Maizuru in Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 神宮寺（じんぐうじ）とは、日本において神仏習合思想に基づいて神社を実質的に運営していた仏教寺院。
• Jinguji are Buddhist temples that operated as Shinto shrines under the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism that occurred in Japan.

• 平川廃寺跡(ひらかわはいじあと)は、京都府城陽市平川古宮にある古代寺院跡で、国指定の史跡である。
• Hirakawa Temple Site is the site of an ancient temple that has been nationally designated a historic site that is located in Hirakawa Furumiya, Joyo City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 一方、極楽院の南にある「元興寺観音堂」の方は東大寺の末寺となり、五重塔を中心とする寺院であった。
• On the other hand, 'Gango-ji Temple Kannon-do Hall' located in the south of Gokuraku-in Temple became a branch temple of Todai-ji Temple, which developed around the Five-Storied Pagoda.

• 山号を鳥形山（とりがたやま）と称するが古代の寺院には山号はなく、後になって付けられた山号である。
• Its 'sango' is Torigatazan, but since the ancient Asuka-dera Temple did not have a 'sango', this is a later addition.

• 日本最古の寺院・法興寺は衰退したとはいえ、21世紀の今日までその法灯を守り続けているわけである。
• In other words, although it has experienced a decline, Hoko-ji Temple, the oldest temple in Japan, has maintained its traditions up until today, the 21st century.

• 山号は「岡本山」（ただし、奈良時代以前創建の寺院にはもともと山号はなく、後世付したものである）。
• Its sango (literally, 'mountain name'), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, is 'Okamoto san' (however, temples established before the Nara period did not originally have sango; if such a temple has sango now, that is the one given at a later day).

• そのため、子嶋寺と関連の深い寺院と思われ、創建当時の子嶋寺はこの付近にあったとも考えられている。
• Therefore, it is considered to be deeply related to Kojima-dera Temple and the original Kojima-dera Temple at the time of the foundation is considered to have been located around there.

• 額安寺（かくあんじ）は奈良県大和郡山市額田部寺町（ぬかたべてらまち）にある真言律宗の寺院である。
• Kakuan-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Shingon Ritsu sect of Buddhism, located in Nukatabetera-machi, Yamatokoriyama City, Nara Prefecture.

• 寺院でも同様のものが使われるが、三宝（仏・法・僧）にかけて三宝（さんぽう）と書かれることもある。
• Similar items are used at Buddhist temples as well, and the term is sometimes written with the Chinese characters 三宝 (sanpo), which also represent the Triratna, or Three Treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, Dharma (Teachings), and Sangha (Community).

• なお、禅宗寺院でも塔を建てる場合があるが、伽藍中枢部を離れ、伽藍配置として有機的な関連は持たない。
• There are cases where Zen temples include pagodas, but they are built outside the center of a garan and do not have organic meaning as part of a garan layout.

• こうした技術は、精進料理を必要とする寺院とその周辺の人々によって、研究・開発され、蓄積されてきた。
• These techniques were developed and accumulated by temples which required Shojin ryori, as well as by the nearby residents.

• 宗祖一遍とならぶ「二祖上人」と通称され、多くの時宗寺院で、その像が一遍と対になって荘厳されている。
• He is commonly called 'Niso Shonin' (lit. Second Founder) in relation to the sect founder Ippen, and his statue stands alongside that of Ippen at many Ji Sect temples.

• 勧進とは、寺院の建立や修繕などのために、信者や有志者を説きすすめてその費用を奉納させることをいう。
• Kanjin refers to the work of monks in which they encouraged or persuaded followers and supporters to offer money for building and repairing temples.

• 廃仏毀釈が徹底的に行われた薩摩藩では寺院1616寺が廃寺され、還俗した僧侶は2966人にのぼった。
• In the Satsuma Domain, where the Haibutsu-kishaku movement was thoroughly conducted, as many as 1616 temples were destroyed and as many as 2966 Buddhist priests returned to secular life, quitting the priesthood.

• 多く、浄土教系寺院において行われるが、葬儀の際や村の行事など、多くの民俗行事と密接に関係している。
• The nenbutsu-ko, held mostly in temples of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect and its derivative, is closely related to many local events (funerals and other village events).

• 彼らは念仏聖と呼ばれ、寺院に定住せず深山の草庵に住んだり遍歴しながら修行する半僧半俗の存在だった。
• These priests were called 'nenbutsu hijiri' ('nenbutsu' [Buddhist invocation] chanting priests), and they led a semi-secular life; that is, an ascetic life while living in a thatched hut far up on a mountain - not in a temple - or going on a pilgrimage.

• 最澄（天台宗）、空海（真言宗）には、それぞれ比叡山と高野山を与えて寺院を開かせ、密教を広めさせた。
• He gave Mt. Hiei to Saicho (the Tendai sect) and Mt. Koya to Kukai (the Shingon sect), and made them found temples to spread Esoteric Buddhism.

• 豊臣秀吉の死後に権勢を掌握した徳川家康は、寺院諸法度を制定し、寺社奉行を置き、仏教を取り締まった。
• Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who seized power after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, regulated Buddhism by enacting the 'jiin shohatto' (temples law) and assigning jisha-bugyo (magistrates of temples and shrines).

• なお、「鬼子母神」の「鬼」の表記について、寺院によっては、第一画目の点がない字を用いる場合がある。
• Moreover, some temples use the letter of 'ki' (鬼) of 'Kishimojin' (鬼子母神)without the first stroke.

• 唐朝においては、特定の寺院に勅額を下賜する制度を、国家公認の大寺に対する保護政策として行っていた。
• The Tang Dynasty had a system of giving imperial inscriptions to specific temples as a protective policy for large national temples.

• 効果音では、太鼓を使った水辺を表す音や鉦による寺院の鐘の音など、楽器を使ってさまざまな効果を表す。
• They create various sound effects with their instruments, for example, a sound effect of water with a drum, or a sound effect of a temple bell using a gong.

• 納豆は元来精進料理として納所（なっしょ、寺院の倉庫）で作られた食品であり、これが名前の由来である。
• Originally, natto was produced in nassho (temple storage) as a vegetarian dish, and this is how the name originated.

• 男の子は5歳、女の子は3歳と7歳の年の11月15日に、成長を祝って神社・寺院などに詣でる年中行事。
• It is an annual event to visit shrines and temples on November 15 to celebrate the growth of boys of five, and girls of three and seven years old.

• また、中国からは仏教を通しても特殊な料理や茶が伝えられ、これはおもに寺院において独自の発展をみた。
• In addition, special dishes as well as tea were also brought to Japan through the introduction of Buddhism form China, and these dishes have been uniquely developed mostly in temples.

• 寺院内に鳥居があったり、「八幡大菩薩」と神社の神を仏の呼び方で呼ぶ事例などに名残を見る事ができる。
• The syncretism left traces, such as the torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) in precincts of temples or the deity with the name of 'Hachiman Daibosatsu' (Great Bodhisattava Hachiman), in which a name for a shrine deity (Hachiman) is connected with a name of Buddha (Daibosatsu).

• 宇多天皇の創建で、真言宗御室派の総本山、門跡寺院でもある仁和寺と、オムロンの創業地として知られる。
• It was established by the Emperor Uda, and known as the place of birth of Ninna-ji Temple, which was the Monseki-jiin (temples of the high class) of the head temple of Omuro school of the Shingon sect, and where Omron was founded.

• あわせて郡衙、寺院の遺跡も見つかり、これらと照らし合わせて国府に共通する特徴が浮かび上がってきた。
• With the additional discovery of the ruins of gunga (county government offices) and temples, these elements made the common feature of Kokufu clear.

• 伯耆国久米郡亀谷村（現・北栄町）の曹洞宗系寺院・知足院の住持で、南条氏に仕え、外交僧の役を務めた。
• Chisokuin Sosho was a chief priest of Chisoku-in Temple, a temple of the Soto sect of Zen Buddhism in Kamedani Village, Kume County, Hoki Province (Hokuei-cho, as of now), and worked for the Nanjo clan to serve as a negotiating monk.

• また、各地に聖徳太子が建てたという寺院が多いが、後世になって縁起で創作されたものが多いと思われる。
• There are a lot of temples which claim to have been built by Shotoku Taishi throughout Japan, but most of the histories are considered to have been fabricated in later ages to follow the examples of Shotoku Taishi.

• 景観論争で諸寺院の建設反対運動があった京都ホテル（旧京都ホテル）とゼスト御池は地下で連絡している。
• Kyoto Hotel (the former Kyoto Hotel), against whose construction temples promoted a protest campaign saying it would disrupt the landscape, is connected with Zest Oike via an underground access.

• もう1つの前身寺院である高雄山寺（または高雄寺）は、現在の神護寺の地に古くから存在した寺院である。
• The other preceding temple Takaosan-ji Temple (or Takao-ji Temple) has long existed on the current site of Jingo-ji Temple.

• 前述の理由で戦国大名との関係も深かったこともあり、江戸時代には末寺92を数える大寺院になっていた。
• By the Edo period, the temple's deep involvement with the daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period for the reasons stated above allowed it to grow to an enormous size with 92 branch temples.

• 釈迦如来を本尊とする禅宗寺院であるとともに、秀吉と北政所を祀る霊廟としての性格をもった寺院である。
• Kodai-ji is a Zen temple with a principal image statue of Shaka Nyorai, but also has the characteristics of a mausoleum enshrining Hideyoshi and Kita no Mandokoro.

• 佛徳山 興聖寺（ぶっとくさん こうしょうじ）は京都府宇治市にある日本曹洞宗最初の寺院で僧堂がある。
• Kosho-ji Temple on Mt. Buttoku in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture is the first Soto Sect temple to have been established in Japan and has a So-do hall.

• 弘仁元年（810年）には嵯峨天皇の勅許を得て公認の寺院となり、「北観音寺」の寺号を賜ったとされる。
• In addition, it is believed that the temple became the certified temple by Imperial sanction by Emperor Saga in 810, granted the Jigo (the name of a Buddhist temple) 'Kita-Kannon-ji Temple' (literally, North-Kannon-ji Temple).

• 奈良時代の大安寺は東西2基の七重塔をはじめとする大伽藍を有し、東大寺、興福寺と並ぶ大寺院であった。
• In the Nara period, Daian-ji Temple, which had a large complex with various buildings, including two seven-storied pagodas in the east and in the west, was a huge temple comparable to Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 大寺院では規模の大きな仏堂もあるが、住宅風に柱を細く、天井を低めにした穏やかな空間の仏堂も造られた。
• In large temples, some Buddhist halls were made large, whereas some Buddhist halls were built to create peaceful space with thin columns and with a low ceiling in a home style.

• 帝釈天を安置する寺院としては、映画『男はつらいよ』で著名な東京都葛飾区の柴又帝釈天（題経寺）がある。
• For an example of the temple where Taishakuten is enshrined, Shibamata Taishakuten (Daikyo-ji Temple) in Tokyo's Katsushika Ward, has been made famous by the movie 'Otoko Wa Tsurai Yo (It's Tough Being a Man).'

• ただし、明治以前真言律宗であった寺院の中には独立に従わずに真言宗寺院としての道を歩んだものもあった。
• However, some temples which had been Shingon Risshu sect temples before the Meiji period remained as Shingon sect temples without following the independent movement.

• 入口である勅使門の左右の塀は5本の水平の筋が入った築地塀で、門跡寺院としての格式の高さを表している。
• The walls of both the right and left side of Chokushi-mon gate (the gate for the Imperial Envoys), which is the entrance, are tsukiji walls (walls made with mud) with 5 horizontal lines, showing the high formality of the temple as a monzeki temple.

• 真如寺（しんにょじ）は、京都府京都市北区 (京都市)等持院北町に存在する臨済宗相国寺派の寺院である。
• Shinnyo-ji Temple, located in Tojiin Kitamachi, Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture is a temple of the Shokoku-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect.

• その後荒廃していたが、1383年（永徳3年）に時宗の僧国阿が再興して正法寺と改め時宗の寺院となった。
• Subsequently it was ruined, but when Kokua, a monk of the Ji sect, revived the temple in 1383, it came under the Ji sect and was renamed at Shobo-ji Temple.

• 以後、同寺を本山として東北、北関東、尾張、近江に一向の法流と伝える寺院が分布し、教団を形成していた。
• Renge-ji Temple was subsequently made the head temple of Ikkoshu, and its teachings were propagated in Tohoku, Northern Kanto, Owari, and Omi by building branch temples in the areas, forming an independent Buddhist sect.

• 天竺五精舎（てんじくごしょうじゃ）とは、古代インドにあった初期仏教の5つの精舎（伽藍・寺院）をいう。
• Tenjikugoshoja is five vihara (monasteries or temples) of early Buddhism in the ancient India.

• 酒造りの舞台は朝廷から寺院へと移り、醸造についての専門知識を備えた僧たちが僧坊酒を造るようになった。
• The main stage of sake brewing shifted from the Imperial Court to temples, and priests who had expert knowledge about brewing began to brew soboshu (sake brewed at major temples).

• 多くの観衆を集める都合上、初期は京都を中心に開催され、賀茂川の河原や大寺院の境内などが会場となった。
• Since kanjin-Noh had a large audience, Kyoto was the major place for its performances when it began, and its stages were set up at the river bank of Kamo-gawa River or precincts of large-sized temples.

• 樫原廃寺跡（かたぎはらはいじあと）は、京都府京都市西京区樫原にある古代寺院跡で、国指定の史跡である。
• Located in Katagihara in Saikyo Ward of Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Katagihara haiji ato are the ruins of an ancient temple, which are designated as a National Historic Site.

• これは、神田および寺田が、神社や寺院の所有物ではなく、神仏に帰属するものと認識されていたことによる。
• This exemption was made based on the belief that Shinden and Jinden were not the property of Shrines and Temples, but of deities.

• これは、寺田および神田が、寺院や神社の所有物ではなく、神仏に帰属するものと認識されていたことによる。
• This was because it was recognized that jiden fields or shinden fields were not owned by temples or shrines but belonged to Buddha or gods.

• 中世に入ると、寺院などに教育の主体が移り、武士や庶民の子弟が寺院などで教育を受けるようになっていく。
• During the Medieval period, education was increasingly offered in temples, and samurais as well as common people were able to send their children tom temples to receive their education.

• 略奪を繰り返し、神呪寺城、鷲林寺城以外の補給基地となっていた六甲山系の寺院も発見され焼かれていった。
• They repeated robbery and temples in Rokko mountains which were used as bases for supply other than Kannoji-jo Castle and Jurinji-jo Castle were found and burnt.

• つながる場所としては街・集落であることが圧倒的に多いが、一方が人里離れた神社・寺院であることも多い。
• Kaido almost always start from towns and villages, while frequently ending at remote shrines and temples.

• 本坊および塔頭寺院には、建造物、庭園、障壁画、茶道具、中国伝来の書画など、多くの文化財を伝えている。
• The main temple and sub-temples represent a wealth of cultural property such as architecture, gardens, partition paintings, tea utensils, and Chinese influenced works of calligraphy.

• 泉涌寺 （せんにゅうじ）は、京都市東山区泉涌寺山内（やまのうち）町にある真言宗泉涌寺派総本山の寺院。
• Sennyu-ji Temple is the head temple of the Shingon sect Sennyu-ji School located in Sennyuji Yamanouchi-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• 春光院（しゅんこういん）は、京都市右京区花園の臨済宗大本山妙心寺の塔頭寺院で、大庫裏の北に位置する。
• Shunko-in Temple is a minor temple of Myoshin-ji Temple which is Grand Head Temple of Rinzai Sect in Hanazono, Ukyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, and is located in the north of Okuri (the large living quarters).

• また、代々法親王（皇族男子で、出家後に親王宣下を受けた者）が入寺する門跡寺院として高い格式を誇った。
• The temple prospered as a 'Monzeki Temple' served by successive Cloistered Imperial Princes (male members of the Imperial family who were granted the title Imperial Prince after joining the Buddhist priesthood).

• 発掘調査によると創建当初は広大な寺域の寺院であったようであるが現在は本堂、観音堂等を残すのみである。
• Excavations have indicated that the temple was large at the time of its founding but now only the main hall and Kannon-do hall remain.

• 本寺は天台宗の寺院であるが、造営に黄檗宗僧が関わったこともあり、本堂の様式は全く黄檗宗のそれである。
• Renge-ji Temple belongs to the Tendai Sect but Obaku Sect monks were also involved in its construction and the main hall is of a completely Obaku Sect style.

• 氏寺（うじでら）とは、飛鳥時代に古墳に代わって有力氏族によって造られるようになった仏教の寺院である。
• Ujidera (Clan Temples) were Buddhist temples which were constructed by powerful clans during the Asuka period as replacements for kofun (tumuli).

• 薬師寺（やくしじ）は、奈良県奈良市西ノ京町に所在する寺院であり、興福寺とともに法相宗の大本山である。
• Yakushi-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Nishinokyo-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture, which is a Daihonzan (Head Temple) of the Hosso sect along with Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 上代の多くの寺院同様、創建当時は南が正面入口であったと思われるが、現在の當麻寺の入口は東大門である。
• As well as many other temples in ancient times, the front entrance seemed to be south-facing when it was founded, but the entrance of the Taima-dera Temple today is the Todaimon Gate (東大門).

• 金堂及び中・南塔の基壇は瓦積みの周囲に石列を設置する二重基壇で、百済の寺院に多く見られる様式である。
• The Kondo as well as the middle and southern pagodas had a double-layer stylobate with stone lines around the piled tiles, which was a style often seen in the temples in Paekche (an ancient kingdom located in southwest Korea).

• 東大寺の起源は大仏造立よりやや古く、8世紀前半には大仏殿の東方、若草山麓に前身寺院が建てられていた。
• The predecessor of Todai-ji Temple dates back to slightly before construction of the Great Buddha, and by the first half of the eighth century the preceding temple had been built to the east of the Great Buddha Hall, at the foot of Mt. Wakakusa.

• 一部の仏教寺院では若い女性が白衣に緋袴という、巫女装束そのもの、又は類似の服装で奉職する場合がある。
• Some Buddhist temples hire young ladies who look exactly or nearly like miko, and in such cases they wear a white kimono and a scarlet hakama.

• いくつかの稲荷神社や稲荷を祀る寺院では、「当社は日本三大稲荷の一つ」ということを宣伝文句としている。
• Some Inari-jinja Shrines or Buddhist temples that worship the god Inari use the phase that 'we are one of the three major Inari in Japan' for promotional purposes.

• 敷地中央に祭壇を組み、寺院の常住本尊を掲げて住職の導師により読経・唱題の上、鍬入れの儀式が行われる。
• An altar is built in the center of the site, and following the posting of the joju-honzen (the principal image drawn by a past high priest) of the temple and sutra-chanting by the chief priest, the kuwaire no gishiki (a ground-breaking ritual) is carried out.

• 日本の寺院においても、仏教が伝わり、神仏習合が進む中で、寺院守護のための神祇が祀られるようになった。
• Japanese temples started to enshrine gods of heaven and earth in order to protect themselves as Buddhism spread and syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism developed.

• それでも寺院の石がオルガンの低い音響にふるえるように、船のなかではその顫動（せんどう）を感じるのだ。
• --who nevertheless feel its vibrations in the ship as the stones of a cathedral are stirred by the bass of the organ.

• その初例と考えられているのは楠正成の千早城や赤坂城、または山岳寺院「金胎寺」を利用した金胎寺城がある。
• It is thought that early examples of them were Masashige KUSUNOKI's Chihaya Castle and Akasaka Castle as well as Kontaiji Castle, which used the mountain temple 'Kontai-ji.'

• 太鼓櫓（たいこやぐら）は寺院の鼓楼と同じ役割を持つ建物で、常時は日の出と日暮れの開門の時刻を知らせた。
• The taiko yagura was a building which had the same role as a drum tower in a temple and which normally announced the time of gate openings at sunrise and sunset.

• 秘仏を有する寺院は真言宗系、天台宗系に比較的多く、浄土教系、禅宗には比較的少ないことが指摘されている。
• It is said that the temples of the Shingon and Tendai Sects have relatively more hibutsu than those of Jodo (Pure Land) Sect and the Zen Sect.

• 鎌倉時代以後、武士や庶民などを中心に広まり、各地に禅寺（ぜんでら、禅宗寺院）が建てられるようになった。
• After the Kamakura period, it had spread mainly among samurai and common people and Zen temples (temples belonging to the Zen sect) were built in various places.

• 一般的に学侶よりも下位、行人_(仏教)よりも上位とされ、寺院内の警備や管理運営などの実務なども扱った。
• Generally it was regarded as being lower than Gakuryo (studying monk) but higher than Gyonin (practitioner of austerities in mountains) and was put in charge of practical business, including the security and administrative operation of the temple.

• 当初は天台宗に属していたが、1339年（暦応2年）月林道皎が入寺して臨済宗の寺院に改められ中興された。
• Initially it belonged to the Tendai sect, but when Getsurin Doko entered this temple as a priest in 1339, it was restored as a temple of the Rinzai sect.

• 開眼（かいげん）とは、新たに作られた仏像や仏画などを寺院伽藍また堂に安置し、魂を請じ入れることである。
• Kaigen refers to enshrining a Buddha statue or Buddhist painting newly made in a temple or hall to welcome the spirit.

• 定額僧（じょうがくそう）とは、古代律令制の寺院などに定められた一定数の僧侶あるいはその僧侶自身のこと。
• Jogakuso refers to a quota system for Buddhist priests under the 'kodai ritsuryosei' (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance), or priests themselves under this system.

• この時代には国家による寺院・僧侶統制が形骸化する一方で寺院が権門としての地位を獲得した時代でもあった。
• During this period, the system of control over the temples and Buddhist priests by the nation lost substance, while the temples got the status of influential families.

• 対立宗派・寺院への攻撃や朝廷への強訴などの武力行使を行う集団として社会の不安要素の1つになっていった。
• This use of military force to attack opposing sects and temples and to influence the Imperial Court became another source of social unrest.

• 東南院（とうなんいん）は、東大寺の東南方向（現在の東大寺図書館付近）にあったとされる真言宗の拠点寺院。
• Tonan-in Temple is the main temple of the Shingon Sect considered to have been located to the southeast of Todai-ji Temple (which is around the present Todaiji Library).

• そのほか、1980年代ごろから「真伎楽」という形での復興もおこなわれ、奈良の寺院などで上演されている。
• Another project called 'Shin Gigaku' (genuine gigaku) to revive gigaku for today's audience has been developed since 1980's, to be performed at temples in Nara Prefecture.

• 種継が中心として行っていた長岡京造営の目的の1つには東大寺や大安寺などの奈良寺院の影響力排除があった。
• One of the purposes in the construction of Nagaoka-kyo led by Tanetsugu was to eliminate all influences by Nara Temples, including the Todai-ji Temple and the Daian-ji Temple.

• 巡礼の道中に、開基である徳道上人や再興させた花山法皇のゆかりの寺院が番外霊場として3か所含まれている。
• The pilgrimage route of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho includes, as additional holy places, three more temples associated with the founder of the pilgrimage Saint Tokudo and Cloistered Emperor Kazan, who revitalized it.

• 882年（元慶6年）に嵯峨野は「禁野」とされ、以後貴族・文人などによる山荘・寺院建立が相次ぐ事になる。
• After Sagano was designated as 'Kinya' (imperial hunting field) in 882, many nobles and literary men started to build their villas and temples in the area.

• そして、本所側（公家の家司・政所や寺院の三綱など）と起請文・請文などを交わした荘官によって実施された。
• It was enforced by shokan (an officer governing Shoen), who exchanged kishomon (sworn oath) and ukebumi (the reply) with the Honjo's side including Kuge, such as Keishi (household superintendent) and Mandokoro (Administrative Board), and temples, such as Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple).

• がしかし、近年は乱れた勅許が（紫衣の）席次を乱し、しかも寺院の名を汚すことは大変よろしくない事である。
• But recently, the emperor has indiscriminately permitted them and the precedence of the chief priests who are to be allowed to wear the purple robe is confused, which causes the serious matter such as corruption of the official temples.

• 江戸城、二条城、名古屋城などの公儀の絵画制作に携わり、大徳寺、妙心寺などの有力寺院の障壁画も制作した。
• He was involved in the official painting project of Edo Castle, Nijo Castle and Nagoya Castle, as well as producing wall paintings in famous temples, including Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple.

• 一方で、寺社の建立を行い、領内の寺院にしかるべき保護を加えており、決してキリスト教一辺倒ではなかった。
• However, he had not fully adopted to Christianity because he also built some temples and protected the temples in Gifu.

• しかし翌年6月初旬に病に倒れ、平癒を祈って寺院を建立しようとしたが、その甲斐なく6月29日に死去した。
• However, he got ill in the end of June the following year later, and tried to erect a temple in hope of recovery, but to no avail; he died on July 19.

• 俊じょうが、荒廃した前身寺院を「泉涌寺」と改名して再興するため、人々の喜捨（寄付）を募るための趣意書。
• Shunjo created this prospectus in order to solicit the donations required to restore the dilapidated original temple and rename it Sennyu-ji Temple.

• 大工の伝承では、寺院建築に和様・天竺様・唐様という区別が行われ、明治時代以降の建築史でも使用してきた。
• Carpenters had traditionally classified temple architectural styles as wa-yo (Japanese style), tenjiku-yo (Indian style) and kara-yo (Chinese style), and these classifications continued to be used in architectural histories after the Meiji period.

• また、静慧法親王以後、代々法親王が入寺する宮門跡寺院としての地位を固め、天台宗内で重要な地位を占めた。
• Following Cloistered Imperial Prince Joe, successive Cloistered Imperial Princes served at the temple which became established as a Miya Monzeki-ji (Imperial Priest Temple) and came to occupy an important position within the Tendai Sect.

• 本項では馬子が建立した寺院とその法灯を継いで現存する寺院とを包括して、「飛鳥寺」と呼称することとする。
• In this article, 'Asuka-dera Temple' is used for both the temple built by Umako and the present temple which succeeded its tradition.

• 発掘調査の結果、吉備池廃寺は東に金堂、西に塔が建つ法隆寺式伽藍配置の寺院であったことが明らかになった。
• Its excavation revealed that Kibiike Temple had a Horyu-ji-style temple layout with Kondo (main hall) in the east and a pagoda in the west.

• 川原寺（かわらでら）は古代日本の政治文化の中心であった飛鳥（奈良県高市郡明日香村）に所在した仏教寺院。
• Kawara-dera Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Asuka (Asuka Village, Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture), which was the center of political culture in ancient Japan.

• また、これとは別に皇族や摂関家の息女が入寺する比丘尼御所・尼門跡と呼ばれる寺院も出現するようになった。
• In addition, aside from Ama-dera/Niji-gozan, the temples called Bikuni-gosho and Ama-monzeki also came about, which accepted the daughters of Imperial Family or Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents).

• 当初は真言宗の寺院であったが、江戸時代後期の文政年間（1818年～1830年）融通念仏宗に改められた。
• At first, it was a Shingon sect temple, however, it was later changed to a Yuzu Nenbustu sect temple during the Bunsei era (1818-1830) in the late Edo period.

• 造寺司（ぞうじし）とは、奈良時代に官寺あるいはこれに准じた寺院を造営するために設置された令外官のこと。
• Zojishi was an extra statutory office established in the Nara period for building national temples or those corresponding to national temples.

• 他方、寺院における楼閣建築も本邦独自の発展を見せ、西本願寺の飛雲閣など優れた木造楼閣が現れることとなる。
• On the other hand, rokaku buildings in temples in Japan developed independently of those on the continent, and many superior wooden rokakus, such as Hiunkaku in Nishihongan-ji Temple, were designed and built.

• 中国（宋）の寺院では、土地堂（つちどう/どじどう）に道教神を祀ったが、それが日本に伝えられたものである。
• In temples in China (Sung), the Taoism deities were enshrined in Dojido (hall of the guardian deity), and it was conveyed to Japan.

• 庫裏は大規模寺院では独立した建物であるが、一般寺院では寺の事務を扱う寺務所と兼用となっていることが多い。
• Kuri is an independent building in large temples, but in many branch temples it is often set in the same building of the temple office.

• 1689年（元禄2年）葉室頼孝の開基、黄檗宗の僧鉄牛道機を中興開山として再興され、黄檗宗の寺院となった。
• It was rebuilt in 1689 as a temple of the Obaku sect by Yoritaka HAMURO as a Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding) and Doki TETSUGYU, a monk of the Obaku sect, as the restoration patriarch.

• インドの有力仏教寺院・ヴィクラマシラー寺へのイスラーム教徒の軍勢による攻撃（インドにおける仏教の弾圧）。
• The attack of the Muslims troop against Vikramasila Temple, a leading Buddhist temple in India (persecution of Buddhism in India).

• 特定の寺院や宗派に属さず、全国を遍歴して修業した仏教者を行者あるいは遊行僧（ゆぎょうそう）などと称した。
• Such priests who never belonged to specific temple, sect or school and continued their training while on pilgrimage across the country were called 'Yugyo-so' (wandering priests).

• また、水利のよくない都市地域に寺院が造成されるとき作庭は集約化されたものとなり、特徴的な様式が発達した。
• Moreover, when Buddhist temples were built in a city where the water supply was not adequate, garden making became consolidated with the well developed characteristic dry landscape style.

• 『庭訓往来』や『貞永式目』、『実語教』は武士の子弟教育における教科書として寺院などで広く用いられていた。
• 'Teikin Orai' (Home Education Text Book), 'Joe-shikimoku' (legal code of the Kamakura shogunate), and 'Jitsugokyo' (a text for primary education) were widely used in shrines and temples as textbooks for the education of children of the warrior class.

• 江戸時代の大火で隣村の九鬼ヶ坂村が全滅し、その際に寺院の本尊を当村が、土地を上平屋村が譲り受けたという。
• It is said that, when adjacent village of Kukigasaka-mura (九鬼ヶ坂村) was destroyed by a big fire in the Edo period, the village inherited the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple) of the temple in Kukigasaka-mura and the village of Kamihiraya-mura the land of the Kukigasaka-mura.

• 実態は営利目的であったものの、表向きはあくまでも寺院の管理や故人の供養のための経費捻出を目的としていた。
• Even though the official purpose of the moneylending was to generate funds to manage the temples and have memorial services for the deceased, the real purpose was for profit-making.

• このように急ピッチでの遷都が可能であったのは、寺院も含めて建物の多くが藤原京からの移築だったことによる。
• The reason why transfer of the capital could be made so rapidly was that many buildings including temples were relocated from Fujiwarakyo.

• 朝鮮寺（ちょうせんでら）とは、おもに在日韓国・朝鮮人ら、特にその婦人層において信仰されている寺院の通称。
• Chosen-dera Temple (Korean Temple) refers to the common name of the temples worshipped by korean people living in Japan, particularly, the women.

• 羅列すると、まず、政治史的立場、つぎに、宗教的立場、そして、寺院史的立場、最後に、美術史的立場、となる。
• That is, the first is political history, the second is religion, the third is temple history, and the last is art history.

• 尊氏は、禅林寺 (京都市)の熊野若王子社を再興し、その別当寺院として乗々院（じょうじょういん）新設した。
• Takauji (ASHIKAGA) restored Zenrin-ji Temple's (Kyoto City) Kumano Nyakuoji-sha Shrine and newly constructed Jyojyoin Temple's as its bettojiin (a temple attached to a shrine).

• 河内国石川に拠った石川源氏は鎌倉時代には勢力を誇ったことは確かで、多くの寺院仏閣の創建や再建に努力した。
• The Ishikawa-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Ishikawa), who had located the clan's base at Ishikawa of Kawachi Province, certainly wielded their influence in the Kamakura period, and made efforts to build and rebuild many Buddhist temples.

• 六郷満山と呼ばれる国東半島の密教寺院の多くは、養老2年（718年）に仁聞が開基したとの縁起を伝えている。
• Many of the esoteric Buddhism temples in Kunisaki peninsula, which were called Rokugo-manzan (Mountain of Six Sanctuaries), have engi (writing about the history) which say these temples have been founded by Ninmon in 718.

• 相国寺は京都最大の禅宗寺院のひとつとして、また五山文学の中心地として栄えたが、たびたび火災に見舞われた。
• Shokoku-ji Temple was one of Kyoto's largest Zen Buddhist temples and was a central location of Gozan Literature but has also been completely destroyed by fire on numerous occasions.

• マカラはサンスクリット及びパーリ語でワニを表す言葉で、東南アジアでは仏教寺院の入口などに用いられている。
• The word 'Makara' means crocodile in the Sanskrit and Pali languages and is used on the entrances of Buddhist temples in southeast Asia.

• 上淀廃寺跡（かみよどはいじあと）は、鳥取県米子市淀江町福岡字櫻田・法行・垣サゴに所在する古代寺院の遺跡。
• The site of Kamiyodo abandoned temple is an archaeological site of an ancient temple extended over Sakurada, Hogyo and Kakisago of the Fukuoka area, Yodoe-cho, Yonago City, Tottori Prefecture.

• 数少ない白鳳時代寺院の堂内荘厳を復元し得る遺跡と評価され、1996年3月29日に、国の史跡に指定された。
• The site was evaluated as one of few ruins that would be able to recover Donai Shogon (the decoration of Buddha statues and temples) of the Buddhist architectural style in the Hakuho period, and designated as a national historic site on March 29, 1996.

• だが、明治維新の神仏分離令によって解体させられたが、今日でも密教寺院にその印信・口決の名残を残している。
• Although goryu-shinto was dissolved under the order to separate Shintoism and Buddhism from each other in the Meiji Restoration, traces of inshin and koketsu of goryu-shinto still remain in esoteric Buddhism temples at present.

• 日本では、各地の仏教寺院や神社などに木造の五重塔や三重塔があり、地区のランドマークとなっているものも多い。
• Local Buddhist temples and shrines have wooden Gojunoto and Sanjunoto (three-storey pagoda) in Japan, many of which are landmarks of their regions.

• 日本では、各地の仏教寺院や神社などに木造の三重塔や五重塔があり、地区のランドマークとなっているものも多い。
• Local Buddhist temples and shrines have wooden Gojunoto and Sanjunoto in Japan, many of which are landmarks of their regions.

• 寺院所蔵の紙幅本尊はすべて「常住本尊」であり、葬儀の際に掲げられる「導師本尊」も同じく「常住本尊」である。
• The paper-drawn Honzon owned by temples are all 'Joju Honzon,' the same as the 'Doshi Honzon' displayed during funerals.

• また「列子」には「正旦に生を放ちて、恩あるを示す」とあることから、寺院で行なわれる放生会の基となっている。
• In addition, the passage 'Release life on lunar New Year's Day to show your gratitude' in 'Liezi' (Taoism book) is the basis of conducting Hojoe at Buddhist temples.

• 他の天台門跡寺院と同様、最澄（767－822）の時代に比叡山上に草創された坊（小寺院）がその起源とされる。
• Like other Tendai monzeki temples, a bo (small temple) that began on Mt. Hiei during time of Saicho (767 - 822) is said to be the origin.

• 門徒のお内仏（仏壇）の前においても、所属寺院（お手次寺）の住職を招いて「お取越」･「お引上」にて営まれる。
• The service is also conducted in the way of 'Otorikoshi' or 'Ohikiage,' in front of believers' Onaibutsu (butsudan, a Buddhist alter) with the chief priest from the temple, O-tetsugi-dera Temple, to which the believers belong.

• 基本的に非公開寺院であるが、毎年1月の「小豆粥の会」6月の「沙羅双樹を愛でる会」の時は特別拝観可能である。
• Torin-ji Temple is not open to the public as a rule but special admission is permitted on the occasions of the 'rice and azuki bean porridge party' in January and the 'sal tree viewing' event in June every year.

• 滋賀院（しがいん）は、滋賀県大津市坂本 (大津市)にある天台宗の寺院で比叡山延暦寺の本坊（総里坊）である。
• Shiga-in Temple, a temple of the Tendai sect located in Sakamoto, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, s a honbo (a priest's main living quarters) (Sosatobo) of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.

• 特に皇族や公家の子弟が門跡として入るようになると、寺院の要職はこうした門跡による継承によって固定化された。
• Especially when the young people in the Imperial family or court nobles began to join temples as monzeki (successor of a temple), important posts came to be succeeded by these monzeki.

• 政権確立後は各種寺院法度の発布や本末制度・檀家制度の確立を通じて日本全国を対象とした宗教統制策を遂行した。
• After he came to power, controls on religions all over Japan were placed through the promulgation of various jiinhatto (Act of Temples) and the establishment of honmatsu seido (main-branch temple system) and danka seido (parishioner system).

• しかし、高利での貸付に耐え切れなくなった人々が徳政一揆を引き起こし、寺院がその攻撃の対象となることもある。
• However, sometimes people who could not bear the high interest rates rose up demanding cancellation of debt (tokusei ikki) and attacked the temples.

• 太平興国3年（978年）、太宗は天下の無額寺院に「太平興国」や「乾明」の寺額を下賜することを発令している。
• In 978, Emperor Taizong announced the bestowal of inscriptions such as 'Taiping Xingguo' and 'Qian Ming' to temples throughout the country that did not already have inscriptions.

• 通常、寺院宮殿は一間であるが、仏壇宮殿は本尊を祀る部分と脇持を祀る両脇の三間で構成されるのが一般的である。
• While Kuden of a temple usually consists of a single room, Kuden of a Buddhist altar generally consists of three rooms: a room for enshrining the principal image and two rooms on both sides for enshrining Kyoji (attendants statues).

• 淡々斎はまた各地の寺院・神社にて献茶・供茶を行ったり、海外への普及に取り組んだりと、茶道振興に功が大きい。
• Tantansai is also credited with promoting the tea ceremony through tea offerings at shrines and temples everywhere in Japan as well as engaging in its dissemination activities abroad.

• 古都京都の文化財（こときょうとのぶんかざい）は、京都府京都市・宇治市、滋賀県大津市に存在する寺院等の総称。
• 'Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto' is a collective term of the temples in Kyoto City and Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture and Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture.

• 今日では、盆踊りや祭の主役として演奏されたり、神と意思を伝達する手段、呪具として神社や寺院に置かれている。
• Today, Japanese drums are performed as the leading role of Bon Festival Dance and other festivals or as a means to conveying god's intention, and are put in Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples as tools to bring fortunes or avoid curses.

• 各地には瓦屋（がおく）と呼ばれる瓦を生産、供給する役所が設けられ、決められた寺院や役所に瓦を納品していた。
• The governmental offices called Gaoku were located throughout the country for producing and supplying Kawara tiles, and they supplied Kawara tiles to predetermined temples and government offices.

• 堅田船の船団の支配権を手に入れ、次いで2年後には殿原衆と結んで全人衆と真宗寺院を攻撃してこれを屈服させた。
• Nobunaga took control of Katata fleet and two years later, together with Tonobara-shu, attacked Zenjin-shu and temples of the Shinshu sect and made them surrender.

• このため、土倉や寺院と言った一揆の標的となりそうな者達は自ら自衛のための兵士を雇ってこれを防ぐ他なかった。
• Therefore, probable targets of ikki such as doso and temples had to hire samurai for their own protection.

• 聖徳太子は日本における仏教興隆の祖として神格化され、日本の仏教寺院では宗派を問わず崇拝の対象となっている。
• Prince Shotoku is now deified as the person who laid the foundation of the development of Buddhism in Japan, so he is worshiped in every Buddhist temple in Japan regardless of its sect and school.

• 戦国時代に入ると紀北から河内・和泉南部に至る勢力圏を保持し、寺院城郭を構えてその実力は最盛期を迎えていた。
• In the Sengoku period, it was at the height of its prosperity, holding power in the areas from Kihoku to Kawachi Province and south of Izumi Province and having a temple castle.

• 茶人の武野紹鴎、千利休が修行し、沢庵宗彭が住職を務めたこともあり、堺の町衆文化の発展に寄与した寺院である。
• Since the temple was a place for the Chajin (master of the tea ceremony), where Joo TAKENO and SEN no Rikyu received their training, and Soho TAKUAN was serving as chief priest, this significantly contributed to the development of the Machishu-bunka (bourgeois culture) in Sakai.

• 大徳寺は歴代多くの名僧を輩出し、茶の湯文化とも縁が深く、日本の文化に多大な影響を与え続けてきた寺院である。
• Daitoku-ji Temple has played a great part in Japanese culture; having produced many eminent monks and becoming closely linked to the Japanese tea ceremony.

• 真紹は仁寿3年（853年）、歌人・文人であった故・藤原関雄の邸宅跡を買い取り、ここを寺院とすることにした。
• In the year 853, Shinjo purchased the mansion of the deceased poet and author FUJIWARA no Sekio and converted it to a temple.

• 建物や仏像の様式、儀式作法から精進料理に至るまで中国風で、日本の一般的な仏教寺院とは異なった景観を有する。
• The temple is unique among Japan's Buddhist temples as it maintains a Chinese style from its buildings and Buddhist imagery to its ceremonies and vegetarian food.

• 手水舎（ちょうずや・てみずや）は、神社、寺院の境内に置かれている、参詣者が手や口をすすぐ場所のことである。
• Chozuya (also pronounced Temizuya) is an area within the precinct of a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple at which worshippers wash their hands and mouths.

• 伝承によれば、聖徳太子は近江に48か寺を建立し、石塔寺は48番目の満願の寺院で、本願成就寺と称したという。
• According to that tradition, Prince Shotoku erected 48 temples in Omi Province, and Ishido-ji Temple was the 48th temple with the fulfillment of a vow, and it was called Hongan (which literally means main wish) Joju-ji Temple.

• 鑑真の住坊跡に建立された寺院で、鎌倉時代には叡尊、円晴、覚盛、有厳が当院で戒律を講じたという由緒ある古刹。
• The temple was founded at the site previously used by Ganjin as a lodge and is a very historic temple for having commandment lectures from such famous priests as Enson, Ensei, Kakujo and Ukon during the Kamakura period.

• 平安時代に入ると、密教の山岳寺院では敷地の制約があり、奈良時代のような整然とした伽藍配置は見られなくなった。
• When the Heian period started, the systematic garan layout (as in the Nara period) disappeared because the mountain temples of Esoteric Buddhism were subject to site restrictions.

• 鎌倉時代以降は位階の高い寺院そのもの、つまり寺格を指すようになり、それらの寺院を門跡寺院と呼ぶようになった。
• Since the Kamakura period it has come to mean the high-class temple itself, or in other words the status of the temple, and those temples have come to be called Monzeki temples.

• 寺院は本来山に建てられ山号を付けて呼んだ名残りで平地にあっても山門という →「三門」及び「七堂伽藍」を参照。
• The word 'sanmon' (lit. mountain gate) is a remnant from the time when Buddhist temples were originally built on mountains, so that now even such gates of temples located on flatland are referred to as sanmon (please refer to 'Sanmon' and 'shichido garan.').

• 日親は諸寺院を日蓮宗に改宗させ、6代将軍足利義教への説法の機会を得た際に他宗の喜捨を説いて建言を禁止される。
• Nisshin, who made various temples convert to the Nichiren Sect, advocated almsgiving of other sects when he had the opportunity to preach to the sixth Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and as a result, he was forbidden to propose to the government.

• 江戸時代、幕府の宗教政策である寺請制度により、何れかの寺院を菩提寺と定めその檀家になることが義務付けられた。
• In the Edo period, contemporary bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) instituted as a part of its policy for religions the Terauke seido (the system of organizing whole temples in Japan with registration of follower families) and made it mandatory for every family to become a parishioner of any temple designated as its bodaiji (a family temple).

• 小型の寺院という考え方であれば本堂があるので必要がないはずだが、先祖供養の観点から別途用意されることが多い。
• If the term of butsudan simply means a miniature temple, it should not be necessary for any temple which has already its own main hall for Buddha, but an onaibutsu altar is additionally installed in many temples considering it serves for the spirits of ancestors.

• 毎月第2日曜 日蓮大聖人御報恩御講（大石寺大坊では13日のみ、一部の寺院では命日にあたる13日にも行われる）
• The second Sunday of each month: Nichiren Daihonin Gohon Oko (Buddhist ceremony held only on 13th at Daibo in Taiseki-ji Temple, and held on every second Sunday and 13th of each month at some temples, the anniversary of Nichiren's death)

• その後永平寺第3世に就任するが、懐奘の没後は加賀国に移り、大乗寺を真言宗寺院から禅院に改めその開山となった。
• He was thereafter inaugurated as the third chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple, but after the death of Ejo, he moved to Kaga Province and became the founder of Daijo-ji Temple by converting it from a Shingon Sect temple to a Zen temple.

• 寺院では現在の戸籍に当たる宗門人別帳が作成され、旅行や住居の移動の際にはその証文（寺請証文）が必要とされた。
• Temples made up Shumon ninbetsu cho (religious census register), which is today's family register, and the public needed to obtain a deed called Terauke shomon (certificate of a Buddhist temple) when they set out on their travels or changed to different residences.

• そして中世において寺院は聖域であるとする社会的観念があったため信長に敵対した六角義治らを恵林寺にかくまった。
• Since there was a social consensus in the Middle Ages that temples and shrines were sacred, Kaisen gave shelter to Yoshiharu ROKKAKU and others who fought against Nobunaga in Erin-ji Temple.

• 定額寺（じょうがくじ）とは、奈良時代・平安時代に官大寺・国分寺（国分尼寺を含む）に次ぐ寺格を有した仏教寺院。
• Jogakuji refers to Buddhist temples with the second highest temple status following 'kandaiji' (state-sponsored temples of great scale) and 'kokubunji' (state-sponsored provincial temples), which existed in the Nara and Heian periods.

• 続いて霊亀2年（716年）に出された寺院整理令の詔に「寺家（私寺）が争って題額を求めた」とする件が見られる。
• The 716 imperial decree of the consolidation of temples describes that 'families that own and reside in temples (private temples) compete for a frame with a certificate.'

• 改帳には、家族単位の氏名と年齢、檀徒として属する寺院名などが記載されており、事実上、戸籍として機能していた。
• The name and age of family members per household and the name of a family temple were recorded in Shumon Ninbetsu Aratame Cho, which virtually worked as a household register.

• 今日でも日本の寺院や地域の間において、鎮魂・追善・豊穣・除災などを目的として百万遍念仏を行われる事例がある。
• Today there are cases of Hyakumanben Nenbutsu in the temples and some regions in Japan for the purpose of reposing souls, ceremony as a memorial, fertility, and prevention of disasters.

• 日本における最古の寺院法制は、推古天皇12年（604年）に聖徳太子が定めたとされる十七条の憲法とされている。
• The oldest legislation of Jiin-ho in Japan was the Jushichijo no kenpo (Constitution in Seventeen Articles) which was laid down by Prince Shotoku in 604.

• 1087年（寛治元年）興福寺に大乗院を開創して第1世となり、一乗院と並ぶ門跡寺院としての大乗院の礎を築いた。
• In 1087, he founded Daijoin Temple in Kofukuji Temple to become the first head priest, and laid a foundation for Daijoin Temple as a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood), which was comparable to Ichijoji Temple.

• また、檀家制度は、寺院に一定の信徒と収入を保証する一方で、他宗派の信徒への布教や新しい寺院の建立を禁止した。
• In addition, while the Danka system guaranteed temples of a certain amount of believers and income, it forbade the propagation to other sects' believers and the construction of a new temple.

• 香港、台湾などでは、中国語で「盤状香」と呼ばれる渦巻き型の線香を寺院に吊して祈願することがよく行われている。
• In Hong Kong and Taiwan, people often pray with coil-shaped Senko, which is called '盤状香 ' in Chinese, hanging at temples.

• 算額（さんがく）とは、江戸時代の日本で、額や絵馬に数学の問題や解法を記して、神社や寺院に奉納したものである。
• 'Sangaku' means mathematical puzzles or solutions described on wooden tablets or set in frames, which were dedicated to Shinto shrines or temples during the Edo Period in Japan.

• さて、そんな会所というものがどこにあったか、というと、主に、皇族、公家や武家屋敷内、有力寺院の境内であった。
• So where were these Kaisho located? Well they were located mainly within the grounds of imperial families, kuge (court nobles), samurai residences, and big temple compounds.

• 単位宗教団体とは、神社・寺院・教会・布教所など、宗教法人法第2条第1号の範疇に含まれる宗教団体のことである。
• Tani Shukyo Dantai refer to religious organizations that are contained in the category of article 2, number 1 of the religious corporation act, such as shrines, temples, churches, and places for missionary work.

• 朝廷側も、国家鎮護の大寺院の系列とすることで諸国の神宮寺に対する求心力を維持できることから、これを推進した。
• The Imperial-Court promoted the movement to keep centripetal force of Jingu-ji Temples in various countries by joining Jingu-ji Temples to the main temples that were under national protection.

• 院政期には、「南都北嶺」などの大寺院が上述のような仏教保護政策に乗じて、荘園領主として世俗権力化していった。
• During the Insei period, large temples such as 'Nanto Hokurei' (temples in Nara and Mt. Hiei) became secular and powerful as a feudal lords of shoen (a manor in medieval Japan), taking advantage of Buddhist protection measures stated as above.

• 戦国時代の時点では寺院の武力はほとんど行人の占める所となり、寺院の動向も行人らの意思に左右されるようになる。
• In the Sengoku period, most of the military power of temples were occupied by Gyonin and temples' behaviors came to be determined by their will.

• 農民が怠けたというのは単なる言い訳であり、大寺院や豪族が私有地を拡大するための利益誘導であるとも考えられる。
• It is also possible to think that it was a mere excuse that farmers were idle and it was influence peddling for large temples and local ruling families to enlarge their private properties.

• 氷上専当の取袴（ひかみせんどうのとりはかま）：氷上は丹波国氷上郡氷上（現兵庫県丹波市）、専当は寺院の事務係。
• Hikami sendo no torihakama: 'hikami' is a name of place, Hikami, Hikami district, Tanba Province (the present Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture), and 'sendo' means a functionary of a temple.

• また、東大寺、興福寺、醍醐寺のような大寺院だけでなく、由緒の明らかでない小寺院にも快慶の作品が残されている。
• Kaikei's works are left not only at major temples such as Todai-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple or Daigo-ji Temple, but also at small temples with unclear histories.

• 蘇我氏と物部氏の戦いにおいて、蘇我氏側である聖徳太子は戦いに勝利すれば、寺院を建てると四天王に誓願を立てた。
• During the battle between the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan, Shotoku Taishi, who was affiliated with the Soga clan, vowed to Shitenno that he would build a temple if they had won the battle.

• 足利義政が造営した楼閣建築である観音殿を「銀閣」と通称し、観音殿を含めた寺院全体を「銀閣寺」と通称している。
• The multistoried Kannonden Hall constructed by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA is popularly known as 'Ginkaku' (Silver Pavilion) and the entire temple complex, of which the Kannonden Hall is part, is commonly known as 'Ginkaku-ji Temple.'

• 霊山寺 (大分市)（りょうぜんじ） - 大分県大分市の霊山 (大分県)中腹にある天台宗の寺院で山号は飛来山。
• Ryozen-ji Temple (Oita City) - A Tendai sect temple with the honorific mountain prefix 'Hiraisan' located halfway up Mt. Ryo-zen in Oita City, Oita Prefecture.

• 仁和寺、大覚寺などとともに皇室ゆかりの寺院として知られるが、草創の時期や事情についてはあまり明らかではない。
• Along with other temples such as Ninna-ji Temple and Daikaku-ji Temple, it is known for its relationship to the imperial household, but the time and circumstances of its construction remain unclear.

• 明治の廃仏毀釈で規模が縮小されたとはいえ、今なお25か寺の仏塔（たっちゅう、山内寺院）を有する大寺院である。
• Despite the fact that its former scale had been diminished during the anti-Buddhist movement of the Meiji period, even now it is an extremely large temple with 25 tatchu (sub-temples).

• 神護寺（じんごじ）は、京都市右京区高雄にある高野山真言宗遺跡（ゆいせき）本山の寺院で、山号を高雄山と号する。
• Jingo-ji Temple is the successor of the Koyasan Shingon Sect head temple located in Takao, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City and has the sango (literally, 'mountain name'), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, 'Takaosan.'

• 菩提寺（ぼだいじ）は、仏教に於いて、もともと菩提を弔う寺院の事を指すが、先祖代々の墓所がある寺院の事も指す。
• The word bodaiji originally referred to Buddhist temples that were established to pray for souls in the afterlife but it also refers to a temple housing the graves of successive generations of a family.

• 真正極楽寺（しんしょうごくらくじ）は、京都市左京区にある天台宗の寺院で通称真如堂（しんにょどう）と呼ばれる。
• Shinsho Gokuraku-ji Temple, also known as Shinnyo-do Hall, is a Tendai Sect Buddhist temple located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 以後、門跡寺院（皇族・貴族が住持を務める格式の高い寺院の称）となり、「毘沙門堂門跡」と称されるようになった。
• Following this, the temple became a Monzeki Temple (a high ranking temple served by a head priest from the imperial or a noble family) and came to be named 'Bishamon-do Monzeki.'

• 平安時代中期以後には律令制の弛緩によって官寺は衰微し、中には他の寺院の末寺となったり廃絶となる寺院も現れた。
• Relaxation of the Ritsuryo-sei (law system based on the philosophies of Confucianism and Chinese Legalism in Japan) from the mid-Heian period led to the demise of the kan-ji temple, with some going on to become branch-temples of other temples and others closing down completely.

• 創設意義は境内の美しい花や紅葉を通じ、信徒と寺院とのつながりを強め、人生や社会を明るく豊かにすることである。
• The pilgrimage was established in order to use the beautiful flowers and autumn leaves to strengthen the relationship that believers have with the temples as well as make life and society bright and prosperous.

• 平安時代に入って近江国の多くの寺院と同様、比叡山延暦寺の勢力下に入り、天台寺院として発展したものと思われる。
• In the Heian period, the temple came under the influence of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei like many other temples in Omi Province and was developed as a temple of the Tendai sect.

• 神社に安置される神像は「ご神体」とされて一般に公開されることはあまりなく、寺院における仏像とは対照的である。
• Since sculptures enshrined in shrines are regarded as 'Goshintai' (an object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity), they are rarely open to the public, which stands a stark contrast to Buddhist statues in temples.

• 特に戦乱に疲弊し、武家に荘園を横領されてきた朝廷や寺院にとり、官位や受領名の授与は、貴重な収入源でもあった。
• Especially for the Imperial Court and temples which were exhausted by maelstroms of war and grabs for Shoen (manor in medieval Japan) made by samurai families, to grant official rank and the Zuryomei was an essential source of income.

• 穴太衆（あのうしゅう）は、織豊時代（安土桃山時代）に活躍した、主に寺院や城郭などの石垣施工を行った技術者集団。
• The Ano-shu Guild is a group of craftspeople who installed stone walls, mainly of temples and castles during the Shokuho era (Azuchi-Momoyama Period).

• 元応3年（1321年）、本願寺三世覚如により、「大谷廟堂」を「本願寺（大谷本願寺）」と名乗り寺院化し成立する。
• In 1321, Kakunyo, the 3rd caretaker of Hongan-ji Temple, made the hall 'Otani byodo' into the temple called Hongan-ji (or the Otani Hongan-ji Temple).

• 特に、大徳寺のような有力な寺院については、禁中並公家諸法度によって朝廷との関係を弱めるための規制もかけられた。
• In particular, against the influential temples such as Daitoku-ji Temple, regulations aiming to weaken their ties with the Imperial Court, called Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (Laws for Aristocrats), were also imposed.

• 仏壇のもととなった寺院の本堂は浄土を表したものあり、内陣も故人の写真を飾っておらず、仏壇もそれに倣い飾らない。
• The main hall of a temple, which was the origin of butsudan, represents Jodo (the Buddhist pure land) and, therefore, no picture of the dead is decorated inside its sanctum, and accordingly no picture is put into butsudan.

• 僧堂（そうどう）は仏教の寺院内にある建物の1つで、修行者（僧侶）が集団生活を行いながら仏道修行に励む場である。
• A so-do hall is a temple building dedicated to the communal living of practitioners (monks) and the promotion of ascetic practices.

• 寺院を詣でる事は、朱印を数多く集める為では無く、数多くの法（教え）に出会うことが大事であるとの考えからである。
• The reason for the above is because according to the thoughts of Jodo Shinshu Sect, the purpose of visiting many temples is not collecting many goshuin but coming in to contact with many doctrines (teachings).

• その他の寺院　明通寺（福井県小浜市）、慈眼院（大阪府泉佐野市）、 初馬寺（三重県津市）、林昌寺（大阪府泉南市）
• Other temples: Myotsu-ji Temple (Obama City, Fukui Prefecture); Jigan-in Temple (Izumisano City, Osaka Prefecture); Hatsuuma-dera Temple (Tsu City, Mie Prefecture); Rinsho-ji Temple (Sennan City, Osaka Prefecture)

• 除夜の鐘（じょやのかね）とは12月31日の除夜（大晦日の夜）の深夜0時を挟んで寺院で撞かれる梵鐘のことである。
• Joyano kane means striking a bronze bell (temple bell) around 12:00 am on New Year's Eve (December 31).

• 各戸には仏壇が置かれ、法要の際には僧侶を招くという慣習が定まり、寺院に一定の信徒と収入を保証される形となった。
• With the system thus introduced, every household had its Buddhist altar and made it a custom to invite a Buddhist priest to its Buddhist memorial service, which assured the temple of obtaining believers and, to a certain degree, money.

• 集会（しゅうえ/しゅえ）とは、中世日本の寺院において僧侶達が寺院内部の意思決定のため行う合議・自治機関を指す。
• Shue refers to the council or self-governing body for decision-making of the Buddhist priests in the temples in medieval Japanese temples.

• 中でも戦乱による寺院の被害が多い一方で僧兵の影響力が大きかった大和には弟豊臣秀長を派遣し、円満にまとめ上げた。
• For example, he dispatched his younger brother, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, to Yamato Province, where war had caused a great deal of damage to the temples but the warrior monks still held a lot of influence, and was able to bring about a peaceful settlement.

• なお、長年の間に移転・再建を繰り返したり、元の寺から分流するうちに、二十四輩格を持つ寺院は180ほどに増えた。
• While the temples worshiped as Nijuyohai repeated relocations and rebuildings, with the establishment of branch temples, the number of temples with the status of Nijuyohai has increased to around 180.

• その後は朝廷直属の酒造組織に代わって、寺院で造られた僧坊酒（そうぼうしゅ）が高い評価を得るようになっていった。
• After that, Soboshu received a high reputation which brewed in temples instead of the brewing organization directly under the Imperial Court.

• やがて、酒部の子孫を自称する人々や、その遠縁にあたる者などが、朝廷や寺院とは関係のないところで酒を造り始めた。
• Subsequently, people who claimed descent from sakabe or their distant relatives began to brew sake independently of the Imperial Court and temples.

• 以後、代々の当主が同派寺院に保護を与えただけでなく、進出した先の他宗の寺院を強制的に改宗させたといわれている。
• After that, the successive family heads provided protection for the temples of this sect, and also forced temples of the other sects to convert where they advanced.

• また、新井宏は寺院等の実測分析から高麗尺ではなく0.268mの尺が使用されていたという古韓尺説をとなえている。
• Furthermore, Hiroshi ARAI says the kokan-jaku (ancient Korean shaku) theory from the analysis of actual measurements of temples and others that 0.268-meter shaku was used, not the koma-jaku.

• 国家主導の都市や寺院の建設には莫大な費用がかかり、動員された人々への支払いに充てる通貨が必要とされていたこと。
• Urban and temple construction led by the state needed enormous expenses and currency was necessary to pay organized people.

• 軽微な犯罪を「過怠」と称して実刑の代わりに金銭などを徴収して神社や寺院、道路、橋梁などの修繕費用の一部とした。
• A minor crime was called 'katai (negligence),' which was utilized for the toward the cost of repairing shrines, temples, road and bridges by collecting money instead of imposing a prison sentence.

• 恭仁宮廃都後に建立された山城国分寺の塔跡と同笵瓦であることが確認されていることから、寺院であることは疑いない。
• It is identified that these tiles and the tiles found in the Yamashiro Kokubun-ji historic remain which was built after the Kuninomiya was ruined, were made with the same mold, and therefore there is no doubt that the Shigaraki no Miya Palace was a temple.

• 檀家少ない寺院については、10軒以下、50軒以下、100軒以下のいずれかをもって、他の寺院と合併したらどうか。
• Should the temples with few Buddhist parishioners, under conditions that are less than 10 Buddhist parishioners, less than 50, or less than 100, be merged with the other temples?

• この名称は研究者らによって便宜的に付与されているものであり、該当の寺院およびその信者はこの名称を用いていない。
• This name is conveniently given by researchers, and are not used by the temples or devotees.

• 寺院史的立場から見ると、東大寺は、荘園経営などで経済を保ち、保有する杣から切出した木材で伽藍の修繕をしている。
• Seen from a perspective of temple history, Todai-ji Temple maintained earnings through the management of its manors, and repaired the temple buildings by using the wood cut down from its own forests.

• そしてこの大修造時代が、東大寺を日本の中世寺院へと脱皮させ、荘園経済に移行させたのだ、と新井孝重は説いている。
• Takashige ARAI explains that this major renovation period enabled Todai-ji Temple to develop into a medieval temple in Japan with transition to a manorial economy.

• 晩年は長崎市立浪平小学校の創立、寺院や神社の創建、桟橋の架設、高島炭鉱の三菱財閥への譲渡斡旋などの業績がある。
• In his later years, Kendo extended a variety of achievements: opening of Naminohira Elementary School run by Nagasaki City, foundation of temples and shrines, building of piers, and arrangement of transfer of Takashima coal mine to Mitsubishi Zaibatsu.

• 慈照寺（じしょうじ）は、京都府京都市左京区にある、東山文化を代表する臨済宗相国寺派の寺院（相国寺の境外塔頭）。
• Jisho-ji Temple (a sub-temple of Shokoku-ji Temple) is located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and is associated with the typically Higashiyama Bunka Rinzai sect Shokoku-ji School.

• 大徳寺（だいとくじ）は、京都府京都市北区 (京都市)紫野大徳寺町にある禅宗寺院で、臨済宗大徳寺派大本山である。
• Daitoku-ji Temple is the head temple of the Rinzai sect's Daitokuji school of Japanese Zen Buddhism and is located in Daitokuji-cho Murasakino, Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• 宗峰は、「自分の死後に、墓所として別の寺院を建てるには及ばぬ」と遺言していたため、このような形式になっている。
• This is because Shuho stated in his will, 'After I pass away, I am not worthy of having another temple built simply to serve as my burial place.'

• 塔頭寺院においては拝観を認めているところと認めていないところが混在するため、訪問者においては注意が必要である。
• Visitors must take care as some of the sub-temples can be visited and some can not.

• 證空の門弟の浄音の時代に、禅林寺は真言宗から浄土宗西山派（小坂流）の寺院となり、揺るぎのない念仏道場とされた。
• Under Shoku's disciple, Jo-on, Zenrin-ji Temple went from being devoted to the Shingon Sect to the Seizan branch (Kosaka group) of the Pure Land Sect and became a firm Nembutsu meditation center.

• 緑深い境内には、池を中心とした浄土式庭園と、平安末期の本堂および三重塔が残り、平安朝寺院の雰囲気を今に伝える。
• The temple precinct retains a Heian period temple atmosphere with a Pure Land style garden centered around a pond and a main hall and three-storey pagoda remaining from the late Heian period.

• 天皇はこの地に寺院を造ることを決め、承保2年（1075年）に造営を始め、以後長期にわたって多数の建物を造った。
• The Emperor resolved to build a temple on the site and construction work began in 1075 - leading to the long-term construction of numerous buildings.

• 「金峯山」とは、吉野山から山上ヶ岳に至る山岳聖地全体を指し、そこに点在する寺院群の総体が「金峯山寺」であった。
• Kinpusen' refers to the entire sacred mountain area from Mt. Yoshino to Mt. Sanjo in which the scattered temples are collectively referred to as 'Kinpusen-ji Temple.'

• これらはいずれも、蘇我馬子が6世紀末、飛鳥に建立した日本最古の本格的寺院、法興寺（現在の飛鳥寺）の後身である。
• All of these regions formerly belonged to Hoko-ji Temple (now Asuka-dera Temple), the oldest orthodox Buddhist temple in Japan, erected in Asuka by SOGA-no-Umako in the end of the sixth century.

• 斎尾廃寺跡（さいのおはいじあと）は、鳥取県東伯郡琴浦町にある奈良時代前期・白鳳時代の法隆寺式伽藍配置の寺院跡。
• The remains of an abandoned temple, Sainoo-ji Temple located in Kotoura-cho, Tohaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture is a site where a temple's complex with the 'Horyu-ji-style' layout once existed in the early Nara and Hakuho periods.

• 金峯山寺は役行者が創立した修験道の根本寺院とされているが、前述のように役行者自体が半ば伝説化された人物である。
• Kinpusen-ji Temple is believed to be the base temple for Shugendo founded by EN no Gyoja, but EN no Gyoja himself is a semi-legendary person as mentioned above.

• 記録では8世紀後半から東大寺や西大寺 (奈良市)などの大寺院の荘園として塩木山が存在していることが知られている。
• It is recorded that there had existed Shiokiyama (塩木山) since the latter 8th century as a form of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan) owned by big temples such as Todai-ji Temple and Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City).

• これらが慣例化してやがて、「門跡」自体が「貴族」出身者によって継承される特定の院家・寺院を指す称号へと変化した。
• This became a custom, and soon 'Monzeki' itself was changed to mean the title of the specific temples to which people from the 'nobility' succeeded.

• それから転じて、寺院の敷地内にある、高僧が隠退後に住した子院のことも「塔頭」あるいは「塔院」と呼ぶようになった。
• Tacchu' as well as the word 'toin' later came to refer to a sub-temple built within the grounds of another temple to serve as the residence of a high priest in his retirement.

• 同時に三百数十ヶ寺に及ぶ真宗大谷派からの独立寺院を率いて「浄土真宗東本願寺派」を結成し、東京本願寺を本山とした。
• At the same time, he formed 'Jodo Shinshu sect Higashi Hongan-ji school,' containing more than 300 temples separated from Shinshu sect Otani school, choosing Tokyo Hongan-ji Temple as the head temple.

• 定額とは、定員のことを指し、律令制においては課税逃れを防ぐために朝廷は寺院に対して厳しく僧侶の定員遵守を求めた。
• The word 'jogaku' refers to 'a quota,' and under the ritsuryosei the Imperial Court compelled Buddhist temples to comply with a Buddhist monk quota to prevent them from wriggle out of taxes.

• 祠堂銭については寺院の維持・供養などを目的としたものについては、利息付の貸出の場合でも同令の対象外とされていた。
• On the other hand, Shidosen that was to pay for the upkeep of a temple and memorial services was exempt from the decree, even when it was put out at interest.

• 寺院建築の中でも、庶民信仰を背景に、善光寺・浅草寺など大多数の信者を収容する大規模な本堂が造られるようになった。
• In the sector of temple architecture, large hondos (main halls), such as that of Zenko-ji Temple and Senso-ji Temple, were built to accommodate a large number of worshippers.

• 七星堂では星神を中心にして、山神、海神などが祀られ、いずれの寺院でも本堂よりも地理的に高い箇所に設けられている。
• In Shichiseido, God of the mountain, God of the sea and so on are enshrined with God of the stars in the center, and all Shichiseido is located on a geographically higher location than the main hall.

• 浄土宗に属していたこともあったが、1886年に独立し、華厳宗の大本山となり、観光収入などで寺院経営を行っている。
• Although Todai-ji Temple had belonged to the Jodo sect, it became independent in 1886 as the head temple of the Kegon sect and has been maintained through tourism revenues and so on.

• 楠妣庵観音寺（大阪府富田林市（旧甘南備村）にある臨済宗妙心寺派の寺院で、楠木家の香華寺）も楠公夫人の墓とされる。
• But it is also said that the wife of Nanko was entombed at Nanpian Kanon-ji Temple of Myoshin-ji Temple school of the Rinzai sect in Tondabayashi City, Osaka Prefecture (former Kannabi Village), which is an ancestral temple of the Kusunoki clan.

• 東本願寺（ひがしほんがんじ Higashi Hongan-ji）は、京都府京都市下京区にある浄土真宗の仏教寺院。
• Higashi Hongan-ji temple is a Shin Buddhist temple in Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto.

• 教王とは王を教化するとの意味であり、教王護国寺という名称には、国家鎮護の密教寺院という意味合いが込められている。
• 'Kyoo' refers to the edification of the king, and the name 'Kyoogokoku-ji' has connotations of an esoteric temple that is the guardian of the nation.

• また、禅宗寺院においても中心堂宇を「本堂」と称する例があり、特に方丈形式の建築を指して「本堂」ということが多い。
• Similarly, there are also some Zen sect temples that refer to their main hall as 'hondo,' especially those buildings resembling an abbot's chamber.

• 高さ24メートルの堂々たる門で、東大寺南大門より大きく、寺院の三門（山門）としては日本最大のものと言われている。
• At 24 meter tall, it stands taller than Todai-ji Temple's Nandai-mon gate and is said to be the largest temple sammon gate in Japan.

• 薬師如来像を安置する堂が寺院の中心となる建物である場合は「本堂」「金堂」「根本中堂」などと呼称される場合が多い。
• When the hall enshrining a statue of Yakushi Nyorai is the temple's main hall, it is often referred to as the 'Hondo,' 'Kondo' or 'Konponchudo.'

• その後、平安時代末期には出雲寺は荒廃していたが、鎌倉時代初期、平親範が平家ゆかりの3つの寺院を合併する形で再興。
• Izumo-ji Temple later fell into decline at the end of the Heian period but was revived at the beginning of the Kamakura period by TAIRA no Chikanori who merged it with three temples connected to the Taira family.

• また、平城京の宮殿や寺院などの建築用材は木津川の上流から舟で運ばれたとされており、笠置は水陸交通の要地であった。
• In addition, materials used in the construction of the palaces and temples of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) were brought by boat from the upper reaches of the Kizu-gawa River, making Kasagi an important place of land and water transportation.

• しかし、元住職がこれらの寺院を占有し、居住を継続したために、3ヵ寺は日蓮正宗としての正常な活動が出来なくなった。
• However, the former chief priests continued to reside at these temples and so they became unable to function as normal Nichiren Sho Sect institutions.

• はじめは真言宗の寺院であったが、その後浄土宗に改められ、1554年（天文 (日本)23年）現在の寺地に移された。
• The temple originally belonged to the Shingon Sect but converted to Jodo Sect and was moved to its current site in 1554.

• そのため、金峯山寺草創の正確な事情、時期、創立当初どのような寺院であったかなどについては不詳と言わざるをえない。
• Therefore it cannot help being considered as unclear what precisely lay behind the foundation of Kinpusen-ji Temple, when it was founded, and what the temple was like upon foundation.

• 川原寺跡は国の史跡に指定されており、現在はかつての中金堂跡に川原寺の法灯を継ぐ真言宗豊山派の寺院・弘福寺が建つ。
• The ruins of Kawara-dera Temple have been designated as a National Historic Site, and currently Gufuku-ji Temple, which belongs to the Toyama school of the Shingon sect and which inherited the light of Buddhism from Kawara-dera Temple, stands over what used to be the Chukon-do Hall (Middle Golden Hall).

• 因みに豊川稲荷は妙厳寺という寺院であり、仏教伝来の荼枳尼天は、伏見が祭神とする宇迦之御魂神とは系統が全く異なる。
• Additionally, Toyokawa Inari is a temple named Myogon-ji Temple, which worships Buddhist Dakiniten, who is totally different from Ukanomitama no Mikoto enshrined in Fushimi.

• もともと寺院建築の様式は中国から伝わってきたものであるが、平安時代の国風文化の時代に日本人好みに洗練されていった。
• The temple architectural style was originally introduced from China, and it was developed in sophisticated manners to suit Japanese tastes in the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) period of the Heian period.

• 蓮如が第8代となった当時の本願寺は衰亡の極みにあり、宗派の中心寺院としての格を失い、青蓮院の一末寺に転落していた。
• When Rennyo became the eighth chief priest, Hongwan-ji Temple declined and lost its status as the central temple of the sect, whereupon it became a subtemple of Shorenin Temple.

• そして室町時代になると、寺格としての「門跡」が確立し、室町幕府には、門跡寺院に関する政務を執る門跡奉行が置かれた。
• During the Muromachi period, 'Monzeki,' as the status of a temple, was established so that the post of Monzeki bugyo (shogunate administrator, 門跡奉行) to govern Monzeki temples was assigned by the Muromachi shogunate.

• なお、裁判自体は正信会による寺院占拠問題と同じように、信仰次元の問題なので、裁判の対象ではない。として棄却された。
• The litigation itself was dismissed on the grounds that the subject matter cannot be the subject of litigation because, like the problem of temple occupation, it is a matter of faith.

• 江戸時代には、料理屋でも寺院の下請けで仕出したり、仏教活動とは無関係に文人墨客向けに調製することが多くなっていた。
• In the Edo period, there were many restaurants that supplied Fucha ryori cuisine to temples as outside contractors or which cooked for writers and artists, with no relationship to Buddhist activities.

• インド時代の仏教に於いて、僧侶が集団生活する建物群の事を僧堂と呼んでいるが、これは寺院や僧院の事を指す言葉である。
• During the Indian age of Buddhism, the collection of buildings in which monks lived was called so-do but this definition is now covered by the words a temple or monastery.

• 1251年（建長3年）中国の宋 (王朝)にわたり、1261年（弘長元年）に帰国するまで禅宗寺院を巡歴して参禅した。
• In 1251, Mukan Fumon visited the Sung (Dynasty) in China and traveled around to visit various temples of the Zen sect until returning to Japan in 1261.

• 禅宗寺院のほか、真言宗の泉涌寺（京都市）や、その末寺である覚園寺などの宋代仏教の影響が大きい寺院にも祀られている。
• In addition to temples of the Zen sect, Garanjin is enshrined in temples and shrines greatly influenced by Sung Buddhism, such as Senyu-ji Temple of the Shingon sect (Kyoto City) and its branch temple, Kakuon-ji Temple.

• 大半の寺院が時宗を離れ、一向の母体であった浄土宗に帰属するようになったのは昭和時代に入った1943年の事であった。
• It was in 1943, during the Showa period, that most temples were separated from the Jishu sect and returned to the Jodoshu sect, the parent organization of Ikko Shunsho.

• 着装は通常袴に籠めて着装するが、寺院の稚児などには掛水干といって狩衣のように袴の上に着て帯を締める着装も行われた。
• Suikan were usually worn inside hakama (Japanese male ceremonial skirt), but in the style known as kake suikan (covering suikan), worn by temple page boys, they were worn over hakama, like Kariginu, and tied with an obi sash.

• 数ある僧坊酒の中で、奈良の寺院が造った「南都諸白（なんともろはく）」は室町時代に至るまで長いこと高い名声を保った。
• Among many Soboshu, 'nanto-morohaku' brewed by temples in Nara had kept a high reputation for a long time until the Muromachi period.
• Of numerous kinds of soboshu, 'Nanto-Morohaku' made by temples in Nara retained a high reputation for a long time, until the Muromachi period.

• 平安時代に稚児＠大規模寺院の髪形として結われる様になり、後に皇族、平安貴族の少年の髪形として一般化する様になった。
• Chigomage originated as the hairstyle for chigo (child in a Buddhist possession) in major temples during the Heian period, and later became commonly accepted as the hairstyle for boys of Imperial or noble family in the Heian period.

• 奈良は仏教史跡、寺院も多く、仏教との関係で茶も広まり、一方ではヤマチャも諸所にあり、それなりに利用されたとされる。
• It is said that Nara has many historical spots concerning Buddhism and Buddhism temples and tea became popular there because of the relation with Buddhism and, on the other hand, yama-cha (wild tea) was seen in many places in Nara and was used to some extent.

• 例としては、鳥羽が娘の八条院に相続した荘園群である八条院領、後白河が長講堂という寺院に寄進した長講堂領などがある。
• Examples of above are seen in groups of private estates, Hachijoin estate, in which Toba let his daughter Hachijoin to succeed, and others are the the estates of Chokodo which Goshirakawa donated to the temple called Chokodo.

• また延暦寺に近かったことから、勝林院・来迎院 (京都市左京区)・三千院・寂光院など多くの天台宗系寺院が建立された。
• Since Ohara was close to the Enryaku-ji Temple, many temples of Tendai sect such as Shorin-in Temple and Raigo-in Temple (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), Sanzen-in Temple, Jakko-in Temple, etc. were built.

• 清盛は武力を背景に国検を断行する一方、寺院勢力の特権もある程度は認めるなど柔軟な対応で、大和の知行国支配を行った。
• While Kiyomori, backed by his military might, did conduct a decisive inspection, he also engaged in softer diplomatic measures, as when he acknowledged that temples did have a certain degree of influence and therefore special privileges, and in this way managed to carry out a survey of the chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) in Yamato that were under state control.

• 前述のように京都の行政・裁判の他、周辺4ヶ国の裁判・天領の行政及び寺社領の支配（ただし、門跡寺院は除く）を行った。
• As described above, it managed administration and justice in Kyoto, justice in the four neighboring provinces as well as administration of the shogunate demesne, and controlled temple and shrine territories (excluding monzeki temples (temples of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood)).

• 検非違使をも動員して徴税を強行する造酒正と酒屋の座を支配下に置く延暦寺などの有力寺院との対立が生じることになった。
• However, conflict occurred between miki no kami, who enforced tax collection by pressing 'kebiishi' (a police and judicial chief) into service, and influential temples, including Enryaku-ji Temple, which had 'za' (a trade guild) of Sakaya under their control.

• 政府は平城京内に大寺院をたて、聖武天皇は、741年（天平13）に全国に詔して、国分寺や国分尼寺を全国に建てさせた。
• The government built large temples in Heijokyo and, in 741, the Emperor Shomu issued an imperial edict to each Province and made them build kokubunji and kokubunniji.

• 金光明寺は前身寺院があるとはいえ、そのままの寺観だったわけではなく、大仏を本尊とする前から規模を大きくしていった。
• Kinkonmyo-ji Temple's appearance had not been maintained since its predecessor temple, began expanding its scale before constructing the Great Buddha as the principal image.

• 当時の時代背景として、朝廷や鎌倉政権、奥州政権の相克、それに伴う戦乱、飢饉や地震、他の寺院の復興との競合があった。
• The surrounding conditions of those times were confrontation among the Imperial Court, the Kamakura regime and the Oshu regime, and following warfare, as well as famines and earthquakes, and competition with other temples in renovation.

• 勅使門、三門、仏殿、法堂（はっとう）がほぼ一直線に並び、これら中心伽藍の北・南・西に20ヶ寺以上の塔頭寺院が並ぶ。
• Chokushi-mon gate (the Gate for the Imperial Envoys), Sam-mon gate, Butsu-den and Hatto (lecture hall) are arranged in almost a straight line and the monastery around which these are centered is surrounded by over 20 sub-temples.

• 智積院は、もともと紀州（現在の和歌山県岩出市）根来山（ねごろさん）大伝法院の仏塔（たっちゅう、山内寺院）であった。
• Chishaku-in Temple was originally a sub-temple (a temple that stands within the grounds of another temple) of Negorosan Daidenpo-in Temple in Kii Province (present day Iwade City, Wakayama Prefecture).

• 奈良における寺院勢力の強勢振りを嫌い、平安京内には、官寺である東寺・西寺以外に寺院を建立することは禁止されていた。
• The strong influence of Buddhist temple's in Nara was resented and it was forbidden to establish any temples other than the two official temples of To-ji and Sai-ji within Heian-kyo Capital.

• 飛鳥時代に日本に伝来した仏教は、その後、国家の統制下に置かれ、寺院も国家や有力氏族によって建立されるようになった。
• After being imported into Japan during the Asuka period, Buddhism came under state control and temples were established by the nation and influential clans.

• 16世紀以降は興教大師覚鑁（かくばん）によって興され頼瑜僧正により成道した新義真言宗の流れをくむ寺院となっている。
• From the 16th century, it was a temple of the Shingi Shingon sect, which was begun by Kogyo Daishi Kakuban and completed by Raiyu, a priest with the highest rank of 'sojo'

• 朝護孫子寺（ちょうごそんしじ）は、奈良県生駒郡平群町（へぐりちょう）の信貴山にある信貴山真言宗総本山の寺院である。
• Chogosonshi-ji Temple is the Grand Head Temple of Shigisan Shingon sect located on Mt. Shigi in Heguri-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture.

• このことから、594年（推古2年）に毘沙門天を祀る寺院を創建し、「信ずべき貴ぶべき山（信貴山）」と名付けたとする。
• Then, he founded a temple that enshrined Bishamonten in 594 and named it 'Shingi-san' or 'Mountain to believe in and to be valued (信貴山 [shingi-san], where 信 [shin] means to believe, 貴 [ki or gi] means valuable, and 山 [san] means mountain).

• 宮の前廃寺跡（みやのまえはいじあと）とは広島県福山市蔵王町にある奈良時代から平安時代にかけての仏教寺院遺跡である。
• Miyanomae Haiji ato is the remains of Buddhist temple that stood from the Nara era to Heian era located in Zao-cho, Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture.

• 友人たちは、バールベック寺院の中に巣を作っており、 ピンクと白のハトがそれを見て、クークーと鳴き交わしています。
• My companions are building a nest in the Temple of Baalbec, and the pink and white doves are watching them, and cooing to each other.

• 薬師寺-藤原京から平城京へ移転した寺院だが、どちらも伽藍配置は同じで2塔1金堂式であり、東西の塔は回廊の内側に建つ。
• Yakushi-ji Temple: The temple was moved from Fujiwara-Kyo to Heijo-Kyo; the temples in both locations had the same garan layout with two pagodas and one main hall, and the pagodas in the east and the west were built within the corridors.

• 擬宝珠は、伝統的な建築物の装飾で橋や神社、寺院の階段、廻縁の高欄（手すり、欄干）の柱の上に設けられている飾りである。
• A giboshi is a traditional ornamental feature, which decorates the top of posts or balustrades (handrails, banisters) of bridges, shrines or temples.

• 本堂などに真言八祖（（伝持の八祖）・絵像で制作されることが多い）を祀られているのが、真言宗の寺院の特徴の一つである。
• One of the characteristics of temples of the Shingon sect is that Shingon Hasso (Denji Hasso) are enshrined in the main hall or other places (they are often drawn as pictures).

• 応仁の乱では全焼したが、豊臣氏・徳川氏の保護もあり、伽藍を再建し、門跡寺院として繁栄したが、江戸時代末期に衰退した。
• Daikaku-ji Temple was again completely destroyed by fire during the Onin War but the protection of the Toyotomi clan and Tokugawa clan meant that it was rebuilt and flourished as a monzeki temple until its decline at the end of the Edo period.

• 盆燈籠を認めない（または「ご遠慮ください」とする立場の）寺院では、代わりに卒塔婆を供えられるようにしてある所もある。
• Some of the temples which forbid - or want visitors' self-restraint for - bon toro provide the visitors with the space to offer sotoba.

• これが転じて、現在の日本の禅宗寺院では、高位の僧侶の身辺の世話をしたり秘書的な仕事を行う僧侶を行者と呼ぶ場合がある。
• Following this, in present days of Japanese Zen sect temples, a priest who takes care of higher rank priests or works as a secretary may be called anja.

• 鎌倉時代の絵巻物に表現された画中画を見ると、当時、禅宗以外の寺院の障子絵などにも水墨画が用いられていたことがわかる。
• Gachu-ga (a pictorial work that appear within a painting as part of the overall composition) expressed in Emakimono during the Kamakura Period shows that Suiboku-ga was adopted for Shoji-e (paintings on shoji paper sliding-door or Fusuma) in the temples other than those belonging to the Zen sect.

• 初詣（はつもうで）とは、年が明けてから初めて寺社（神社・寺院）や教会などに参拝し、一年の無事と平安を祈る行事である。
• Hatsumode is an event to pray for safety and peace for the year by visiting a shrine or temple (a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple), or church for the first time since the start of a new year.

• それから約6万の衆徒で京都市中に押し寄せ、京都洛中洛外の日蓮宗寺院21本山はことごとく焼き払われた（天文法華の乱）。
• Then, approximately 60,000 monk soldiers advanced on to the city of Kyoto, and the 21 head temples of the Nichiren sect, inside and outside of the capital Kyoto, were burnt down (Tenmon Hokke no Ran or War of Tenmon Hokke).

• これによって奈良時代以来の大寺院である東大寺の中に敵対する両者が陣地を築いて睨み合うという異常事態となったのである。
• This meant an abnormal state in which the two hostile camps took up their respective positions within the premises of Todai-ji Temple, a great prestigious temple since the Nara period, and confronted each other.

• 舒明天皇の没後、妻の皇極天皇、子の天智によって継承され、639年（舒明11）に完成された天皇家最初の仏教寺院である。
• This was the Imperial Family's first Buddhist temple, completed in 639 by Emperor Jomei and, after his death, succeeded by his consort, Empress Kogyoku, and his son, Emperor Tenchi.

• また、上皇の第7皇子覚快法親王が行玄の弟子として入寺し、以後、皇族や摂関家の子弟が門主を務める格式高い寺院となった。
• The retired emperor's seventh son Imperial Prince Monk Kakukai joined the temple as Gyogen's disciple, after which it went on to become a highly renowned institution served by chief priests drawn from among imperial princes and sons of the Sekkan Family.

• 現在の平等院は、浄土宗の浄土院と、天台宗系の最勝院（ともに鳳凰堂の西側にある）という2つの寺院が共同で管理している。
• Byodo-in Temple is currently under the joint management of the Jodo Sect Jodo-in Temple and the Tendai Sect Saisho-in Temple (both located to the west of the Ho-o-do hall).

• ただし、薬師如来を本尊とする仏堂がすべて「薬師堂」と呼称されるわけではなく、寺院ごとにさまざまな名称で呼ばれている。
• However, it is not the case that all Buddha halls with Yakushi Nyorai as their principal image are named 'Yakushi-do' and names vary among different temples.

• 三聖寺は鎌倉時代には禅宗式の大伽藍を持つ有力寺院であったが次第に衰微し、明治6年（1873年）に万寿寺に合併された。
• During the Kamakura period, Sansho-ji Temple was a highly influential temple with a complex of Zen style buildings but it gradually fell into decline and merged with Manju-ji Temple in 1873.

• この事を受け、河原義明・定子夫妻の発願によって日蓮正宗への土地建物の寄進が行われ、それをもとに創建された寺院である。
• This led the followers to donate their land and property to Nichiren Sho Sect by the wish of Yoshiaki KAWAHARA and his wife Sadako, on which Sensho-ji Temple was constructed.

• 修福寺（しゅうふくじ）は、京都府綴喜郡井手町に所在する日蓮正宗の寺院であるが現在は正信会の僧侶が占有・居住している。
• Shufuku-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Nichiren Shoshu Sect located in Ide-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto Prefecture but now serves as the residence for Shoshinkai monks.

• 明治の廃仏毀釈の際に寺を廃し神社のみとなったが、建物は寺院建築をそのまま使用しているため、独特の雰囲気を残している。
• Although Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism) in the Meiji period forced it to eliminate the Buddhist institution and remain only as a shrine, it has continued using its Buddhist temple architecture and conserved a unique atmosphere.

• 病床にあった聖徳太子は、見舞いに来た田村皇子（のちの舒明天皇）に、熊凝精舎を本格的な寺院にすべきことを告げたという。
• It is said that Prince Shotoku on his sickbed ordered Prince Tamura (later Emperor Jomei) who came to visit him to promote Kumagori-shoja Monastery to a full-scale temple.

• 交通不便な山中にある寺院のため、消火活動もままならず、重要文化財に指定されていた本尊千手観音立像も焼失してしまった。
• As it was in the mountains where the transportation system was inconvenient and so the fire fighting was difficult, the principal image, the standing statue of Senju Kannon, which had been designated as an important cultural property, was also burnt down.

• 飛鳥寺（法興寺）、薬師寺、大官大寺（大安寺）と並び、飛鳥の四大寺の一に数えられた大寺院であったが、中世以降衰微した。
• It was considered one of the four great temples of Asuka along with Asuka-dera Temple (Hokko-ji Temple), Yakushi-ji Temple and Daikan-daiji Temple (Daian-ji Temple), but after the medieval era its prosperity declined.

• その他に荘園では在地において荘務を掌る職として預が置かれたり、神社の社務や寺院の寺務を掌る者として置かれた例もある。
• Azukari was set up at shoen as a post which was responsible for the on-site management of shoen and in the case of temples or shrines, Azukari was set up as the post which was responsible for the management of temples or shrines.

• 伽藍（がらん）は、僧侶が集まり修行する清浄な場所の意味であり、後には寺院または寺院の主要建物群を意味するようになった。
• Garan (伽藍) means a purified place where Buddhist monks gather and practice the religion, but eventually the term came to mean Buddhist temple or the group of buildings that forms the heart of a temple.

• 中世においては、禅宗寺院では禅宗様、密教寺院には和様（一部に大仏様を取り入れた折衷様）と宗派と建築様式の区分もあった。
• In the Medieval period, architectural styles according to the Buddhist sect were categorized such that Zenshu-yo (Zen-sect-style architecture) was used for Temples of the Zen sect and Wayo (some included Setchu-yo (mixed style between the Wayo style's basic plan and the features of the Zen sect style) adopting Great Buddha) was used for esoteric Buddhism temples.

• 承平 (日本)元年7月19日 (旧暦)（931年9月3日）の宇多法皇崩御後、後院として使われることはなく寺院となった。
• After Cloistered Emperor Uda died on September 8, 931, Teiji-no-in became used not as goin palace but as a temple.

• そのため尼寺でも「男子禁制」の寺院が存在していたり、山岳部にあっても女人禁制が取られていない寺院も存在していたりする。
• Therefore, some nunneries adopt the policy of 'no men admitted' and some temples in mountain areas do not adopt nyonin kinsei.

• 寺院仏閣の中には、参拝者を宿坊に泊め、精進料理を提供して仏門の修行の一端を体験させることをしているところも少なくない。
• There are quite a few Buddhist temples that lodge worshippers in the Shukubo (priest's quarters) and provide Shojin ryori with the aim of having them experience a part of the ascetic training of Buddhism.

• 真言宗…中心的尊格は大日如来だが、各寺院の本尊は釈迦如来、阿弥陀如来、薬師如来、観音菩薩、不動明王などさまざまである。
• Shingon sect – Dainichinyorai is the most revered, but the Honzon of each temple varies, such as Shakanyorai, Amidanyorai, Yakushinyorai, Kannon Bosatsu and Fudo Myoo.

• 建築史的見解では、初期の寺院の門構えは南面する正門、東西二つの副門から構成されており、これを称して三門と呼んだという。
• From the viewpoint of architectural history, it is said that a main gate facing the south and two auxiliary gates facing the east and west, respectively, as provided for temples in ancient times, were called Sanmon.

• ただし、奈良時代創建の寺院でも、新薬師寺、西大寺 (奈良市)のように現在は「本堂」という名称を使用している寺院もある。
• However, some temples that were founded in the Nara period, such as Shinyakushi-ji Temple and Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City), now use 'Hondo.'

• 日本の寺院における鉦鼓の歴史は古く、747年（天平19年）に成立した『大安寺伽藍縁起並流記資材帳』にも記載されている。
• Shoko have been used in Temples in Japan from ancient times, and 'Daianji Garan Engi narabini Ruki Shizai Cho' (a document about the origin of Daian-ji Temple and about the assets of the temple) completed in 747 includes descriptions of shoko.

• 平安時代の貴族の葬儀は、仏教寺院で行い僧侶が念仏し墓に卒塔婆を立てるなど、大きく仏教的な影響を受けたものになっていた。
• In the Heian period, court nobles f'unerals were greatly influenced by Buddhism as they were held at Buddhist temples, priests chanted Buddhist invocations, and stupas were set up at the sides of gravestones.

• 貴族の邸宅や寺院建築に「遣戸」が主として外回りの隔て建具として使用され始めたが、間仕切りとしても使用されていたようだ。
• The 'Yarido' began to be used mainly as an external partition for aristocrats' residence or in architecture for temples, but it seems to have been used as an inner partition as well.

• 元の侵攻を避け、南宋から渡ってきた知識人が朱子学等最新の儒教を伝え、京都五山、鎌倉五山等、禅宗寺院において研究された。
• When intellectuals arrived from the Southern Song Dynasty to avoid the invasion by Yuan, they passed down the latest Ju-kyo including Neo-Confucianism, and they were studied in temples of Zen sects such as the Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto and the Kamakura Gozan Temples.

• また、大仏様などの大陸の影響を受けた寺院の建築様式に代わって日本独自の要素を取り込んだ和様建築が出現するようになった。
• Moreover, instead of the architectural style influenced by the continent culture, which is observed in the Buddhist temples and statues of Buddha built in the Asuka and Nara period, 'Wayo Architecture' incorporating original Japanese elements appeared.

• 正倉（しょうそう）とは、律令制において中央・地方の官衙や寺院など公的な施設に設置された穀物や財物を保管する倉庫のこと。
• Shoso is an repository for grain and property, and is placed in the public facilities, such as central and regional kanga (government office) and temples in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

• こうして開発した荘園について、寺院は寺田であると主張し、政府から不輸の権 (日本)（租税免除の権利）を獲得していった。
• Temples insisted that the manors developed in this way constituted jiden fields, acquiring Fuyu no ken (in Japan) (the right of tax exemption).

• 護法会側は寺院統廃合政策の見直しを要求したがまとまらず、時間を浪費したため、苛立った門徒が暴徒化し庄屋宅に投石を始め。
• Although the Goho Association side demanded a review of the policy of integration and abolition for temples, they did not reach the agreement, and the restless followers became violent for wasting the time then started to throw rocks at Katayama house.

• 法隆寺西院伽藍は筑紫の寺院（大宰府都城の観世音寺又は福岡市難波池の難波天王寺又は筑後国放光寺）が移築されたものである。
• A temple in Chikushi Province (either of Kanzeon-ji Temple in Dazai-fu miyakonojo, Nanba Tenno-ji temple in Nanba pond, Fukuoka City or Hoko-ji temple in Chikugo Province) was relocated and rebuilt as Horyu-ji Temple Saiin Garan (the Western Precinct).

• 後白河院の信任を得て蓮華王院（三十三間堂）執行（寺院総括者・上座）を任じられ、『後三年絵』を始めとした絵巻に関与した。
• Gaining the trust of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, he was assigned to the regent of Rengeo-in Temple (Sanjusangen-do Hall) and engaged in various Emaki including 'Gosannen-e.'

• 仁聞（にんもん）は、奈良時代に大分県国東半島の各地に28の寺院を開基したと伝えられる伝説的な僧（神仏とする説もある）。
• Ninmon (仁聞) was a legendary monk who is said to have founded 28 temples in various places in Kunisaki peninsula in Oita Prefecture in the Nara period.

• あまりの重さのために仲間の隊士から諭されて、戦場の近くの寺院の境内に源三郎の首を埋葬したというエピソードが伝わっている
• It was so heavy, though, that others suggested it be buried in the temple near the battleground.

• なお、奈良時代創建の寺院でも、新薬師寺、西大寺 (奈良市)のように現在は「本堂」という名称を使用しているところもある。
• However, there are temples such as Shin-Yakushi-ji Temple and Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) that were built during the Nara Period but now call their main halls 'hondo.'

• 京都市街の北西、愛宕山 (京都市)（924メートル）山系の高雄山の中腹に位置する山岳寺院で、紅葉の名所として知られる。
• The mountain temple stands half way up Mt. Takao-san in the Atagosan mountain range (Kyoto City) (924 m) located in the northwest of Kyoto city and is famous for its autumn foliage.

• 日本の近世以前の仏教各派の中では最も遅れて開宗した、黄檗宗の中心寺院で、中国・明出身の僧隠元を開山に請じて建てられた。
• It is the central temple of the Obaku Sect, the latest of the pre-modern Buddhist sects to be established in Japan, and was built after the Ming Dynasty Chinese monk, Yinyuan was invited to serve as Kaisan (first head priest).

• この寺は、現在京都市上京区今出川通千本東入般舟院前町にある天台宗寺院般舟院の隠居寺として、平安時代に建立されたという。
• The temple is reputed to have been established during the Heian period as the sub-temple for retirement of the Tendai Sect Hanju-in Temple in modern-day Hanjuinmae-cho, Imadegawa Street Senbon Higashi-iru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

• 興福寺（こうふくじ）は、奈良県奈良市登大路町（のぼりおおじちょう）にある、南都六宗の一つ、法相宗の大本山の寺院である。
• Kofuku-ji Temple is the head temple of the Hosso sect, one of the Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara), located in Noborioji-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture.

• 彼女は、以前から帰依していた日蓮宗による寺院を嵯峨 (京都市)の村雲（現在の二尊院の近く）という場所に開いたのである。
• She established a temple of the Nichiren sect which she had long believed at a place called Murakumo (in the vicinity of Nison-in Temple at present), Saga, Kyoto City.

• このまま朽ちるのを惜しんだ日本画家の橋本関雪が、大正3年（1914年）自らの別邸として購入し、後今のような寺院となる。
• Kansetsu HASHIMOTO, a Japanese-style painter who did not want to allow the teahouse to fall into decay, bought it as his own second residence in 1914, and later it became the temple as we know it today.

• これらの寺院に年分度者（ねんぶんどしゃ）（国家公認の僧侶の養成）を許可され、それぞれの寺院が独立した傾向を持っていった。
• These temples were permitted to be state-sanctioned schools of monks (Nenbundosha) (年分度者), and therefore tended to be independent.

• また、東大寺大仏殿の柱絵や東寺灌頂院に安置される祖師像を描き、会理の活動は真言宗寺院のみならず南都・比叡山にまで及んだ。
• He also painted the pillar paintings of the Great Buddha Hall at Todai-ji Temple and the image of the patriarch at the Kanjo-in sub-temple of To-ji Temple, but his activities were not confined only to Shingon Sect temples as he was also active on Mt. Hiei and the southern capital of Nara.

• 須弥壇（しゅみだん）とは、仏教寺院において本尊を安置する場所であり、仏像等を安置するために一段高く設けられた場所のこと。
• Shumidan is an altar to place a principal image in Buddhist temples, which is one step higher than other places and is used to place Buddha statues and other figures.

• 明治初年に再び天台宗の寺院となったが、円山公園 (京都府)が造成のために上地し、本堂と飛地境内にある西行堂のみとなった。
• In the early Meiji period, it again became a temple of the Tendai sect, but, because its premises were presented to the government of Kyoto Prefecture for the construction of Maruyama-koen Park, it now possesses only the main hall and Saigyo-do hall, located in its exclave.

• 廃仏毀釈（はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋）とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
• Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.

• 寺院が重大な決定を行う際には集会決議を伴うのが通例であり、強訴などの直接行動を起こす際にも事前に集会決議が出されている。
• When the temples made important decisions, shue usually passed resolutions and when direct actions such as direct petitions were carried out, shue passed the resolutions beforehand.

• 更に寺院内部を対象とする法（寺内法（じないほう））と寺内町（寺辺）や荘園など寺院の権力が及ぶ外部を対象とする法があった。
• Also, there were laws called Jinai-ho which regulated the inside of temples and other laws to control the outside of temples, which were under the temples' power, meaning Jinai-cho (temple villages) (also called ji-hen) and shoen (manor in medieval Japan).

• この時代になると、三綱や別当・座主などによる寺院上層部からの内部統制が弱体化し、学侶・衆徒・行人などの階層が形成された。
• During this period, the upper strata of the temples like Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple), betto (administrator of a Buddhist temple) and zasu(temple's head priest) lost their control over the temples' inner organizations, and some other strata were formed, including gakuryo (learned priest), priests and gyonin (practitioners).

• この他、文壇、芸能、音楽、学術、ジャーナリズムなど、各界の著名人によるエッセイ「住職・寺院に直言」が毎号2本掲載される。
• Moreover, each issue has two 'Frank Speaking to Chief Priests and Temples': essays by famous peoples of various sectors, ranging from literary world, public entertainments, music, academics, to journalism.

• 寺内町（じないちょう、じないまち）とは、室町時代に浄土真宗などの仏教寺院、道場（御坊）を中心に形成された自治集落のこと。
• Jinaicho (also called Jinaimachi) refers to self-governing communities formed during the Muromachi period, which centered on the Buddhist temples of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) and training seminaries (gobo).

• 寺院の焼亡による仏の祟りという考え方も、仏には祟るという概念が無いため神祇信仰をそのまま仏に当てはめたものと理解できる。
• The view that the burning down of a temple may result in the arsonist being cursed by the Buddha is thought to come from the Japanese belief in Jingi, as Buddhism does not accept the concept of curses.

• この費用は、儀式の際に寺院に泊り込む巫女の飲食費や交通費、そして賽銭として儀式中で繰り返し供えられる金銭が含まれている。
• The expense includes food, drink and transportation fee for miko who stays overnight at the temple during the ceremony, and money offerings repeatedly done during the ceremony.

• 重源は、治安の回復や寺院建造をし（『南無阿弥陀仏作善集』）、備前国を中心とする両国の財力は、東大寺の復興につぎこまれた。
• Chogen restored order and built temples ('Namu Amidabutsu sazenshu' [A Collection of Good Deeds by Namu Amidabutsu (Chogen)]), and the financial resources of the two provinces with a focus on Bizen were put into the restoration of Todai-ji Temple.

• 秦一族が渡来する6世紀以前にすでに唐に東方キリスト教の「景教」が伝わっており、その寺院は大秦寺と呼ばれていたためである。
• His theory was based on the fact that Luminous Religion of Oriental Orthodoxy had been already introduced to Tang before the sixth century when the Hata family came to Japan and its temple was called the Daishin-ji Temple.

• この寺の歴史には、阿弥陀三尊を本尊とする棲霞寺（せいかじ）と、釈迦如来を本尊とする清凉寺という2つの寺院が関係している。
• Both Seika-ji Temple, devoted to Amida sanzon, and Seiryo-ji Temple, devoted to Shaka Nyorai, are connected to the history of this temple.

• このように、皇室ゆかりの寺院であり、代々法親王が住職となった門跡寺院であるため、現在でも御所風の雰囲気がただよっている。
• The temple holds a deep connection to the imperial household with successive imperial princes serving as chief priest so that, even today, it maintains the feel of an imperial palace.

• これは禅宗寺院の仏堂に多く用いられ、江戸時代から唐様と呼ばれたが、第二次世界大戦後になって禅宗様という用語が提唱された。
• This style, often used in Buddha statue halls of Zen Sect temples, had been called 'kara-yo' since the Edo period, but the term 'zenshu-yo' was proposed following the end of the Second World War.

• 奈良時代中頃に創建され、かつては現存する国分寺の塔に匹敵する南山城地域の奈良時代を代表する大規模な寺院だったと見られる。
• The temple was founded in the mid-Nara period and is known to have been a typical Nara period temple within the grounds of Minamiyama-jo Castle and a large scale that was comparable to the surviving state-supported provincial temple pagoda.

• 平安時代に天台僧・増賀を迎えたことから、同じ大和国の藤原氏縁の寺院でありながら、宗派の違う興福寺とは争いが絶えなかった。
• Since the temple invited Zoga, who was a priest of Tendai sect, in the Heian period, it was never free from disputes with Kofuku-ji Temple, which were common in connection with the Fujiwara clan of Yamato-no-kuni but different in the sect.

• 1950年及び1967年に行われた発掘調査によれば、東に塔を配し、西に金堂を配する法起寺式と呼ばれる伽藍の寺院であった。
• According to excavations conducted in 1950 and 1967, it was a Buddhist temple complex in the Hokki-ji-style, which included a tower in the east and a kon-do hall (main hall) in the west.

• 延暦寺に代表される有力寺院や朝廷の造酒正（押小路家）などは、こうした土倉や酒屋を支配下においてそこから税を徴収していた。
• Leading Buddhist temples such as Enryaku-ji Temple, as well as the miki no kami (Chief of the Sake Office, the Oshikoji family took charge for generations) in the Imperial Court, had collected taxes from the doso and sakaya by dominating them.

• 元々は平安時代・鎌倉時代に置かれた寺院や荘園の事務の監督役職名であったが室町時代以降、盲官の最高位の名称として定着した。
• The term Kengyo originally referred to the manager who administered office duties in temples or Shoen (private estates) during the Heian and Kamakura periods, but from the Muromachi period onwards, it was established as the highest title for blind officers.

• 輪王寺、妙法院、聖護院、照高院、青蓮院、三千院、曼珠院、毘沙門堂、円満院、仁和寺、大覚寺、勧修寺、知恩院の13寺院のこと。
• The thirteen temples of Rinno-ji, Myoho-in, Shogo-in, Shoko-in, Shoren-in, Sanzen-in, Manju-in, Bishamon-do, Enman-in, Ninna-ji, Daikaku-ji, Kaju-ji and Chion-in

• 縁により、観世音菩薩、阿弥陀如来、地蔵菩薩等）ただし、禅宗寺院では仏像と同様、時にはそれ以上に祖師像を重視する傾向がある。
• Depending upon past connections, may also be Kanzeon Bosatsu, Amidanyorai, Jizo Bosatsu, etc.). However, the Zen sect temples tend to revere Soshi (founder) images as much as, or sometimes even more than Buddha images.

• 遣迎院（けんごういん）は、京都市北区 (京都市)鷹峯（たかがみね）にある浄土真宗系の寺院で、浄土真宗遣迎院派の本山である。
• The Kengo-in Temple is a temple of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) in Takagamine, Kita Ward, Kyoto City, and the Head Temple of the Kengoin school of Jodo Shinshu.

• 延暦寺など天台宗寺院では同様の建物を「根本中堂」もしくは「中堂」と呼称し、禅宗寺院においては「仏殿」と呼称することが多い。
• Temples of the Tendai sect, such as Enryaku-ji Temple, call such buildings 'Konpon-chudo' or 'Chudo,' and many temples of the Zen sect call it 'Butsuden.'

• 後に別当（寺院における別当とは別のもの）以下、勾当・預 (官職)などの公家や武家の政所の同様の役職が派生するようになった。
• Later, mandokoro for court nobles and samurai families began to have similar positions such as betto (chief administrator) (betto here is a different position from that in Buddhist temples), koto (a secretary) or azukari (an additional post to the chief of Naizenshi).

• 地方宗務組織（日本国内に8地区に分け、53支所を設置） - 全国寺院教会（約4000ヶ寺） - 代表役員住職 - 責任役員
• Organization of local temple (Eight areas in Japan, Set up 53 branch offices) - Organization of temple in Japan (About 4000 temples) - Chief priest of representative director - Responsible director

• 古くは輸入して用いられていたが、平安時代以降は国産の物が増え、今日日本の寺院において輸入品が用いられることはほとんどない。
• Although imported goods were used in older times, domestic ones have increased since the Heian period and today few imports are used in Japanese temples.

• 一方、平安時代中期頃より、神道的宗教行事が起源の田楽や、仏教の寺院で行われた延年などの芸能も興り、それぞれ発達していった。
• On the other hand, from about the middle Heian period, public entertainment like the ritual music (Dengaku) originating from Shinto rituals, and dancing for celebrating longevity (Einen) organized in Buddhist temples had become popular and developed respectively.
• Apart from the above, dengaku, which originated from the ceremony of Shinto religion, and ennen, which was performed at Buddhist temples, were created in the middle of Heian period and they also developed independently.

• 仏堂にするため一部改造されているが、当時の寺院建築にみられるような、板敷を除けば唐の強い影響を受けた建築構造となっている。
• It was partly reformed to a Buddhist temple, and its building structure except for the wooden floors, commonly seen in the architecture of temples in those days, was influenced strongly by Tang.

• この際に大徳寺派の臨済宗寺院が大きな役割を果たし、利休流茶道の根本とされる「和敬清寂」という標語もこの過程で生み出された。
• The Rinzai Sect temples of the Daitokuji School greatly contributed to this, and 'wakei seijaku' (harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility), the motto that was considered to be fundamental to sado of the Rikyu School was created in this process.

• 黄檗宗の開祖・隠元ゆかりの黄檗系寺院をはじめ、興福寺 (長崎市)がある長崎市には、普茶料理が食べられる寺院や飲食店がある。
• Some temples from the Obaku sect related to Ingen, the founder of the Obaku sect, as well as temples and restaurants which serve fucha ryori are in Nagasaki City, where Kofuku-ji Temple is located.

• インターネット参拝（インターネットさんぱい）とは、神社や寺院がホームページを作成して、パソコンの前で参拝を行うことである。
• Internet Sanpai is the act of visiting and praying at websites provided by Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.

• そのため、南都寺院とつながりが深い早良親王が遷都の阻止を目的として種継暗殺を企てたという疑いをかけられたとする見方もある。
• This is why some people think that Imperial Prince Sawara, who was close with Nanto-jiin (temples in Nara Prefecture), was alleged to have assassinated FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu in order to stop transferring the capital.

• かつての巡礼者が本尊である観音菩薩との結縁を願って、氏名や生国を記した木製の札を寺院のお堂に打ち付けていたことに由来する。
• The name originates from the old custom that pilgrims nailed wooden votive plates inscribed with their names and birth provinces to the main hall of a temple, hoping to make a connection with the principal object of worship, Kannon (Goddess of Mercy).

• 神仏分離（しんぶつぶんり）は、神仏習合の慣習を禁止し、神道と仏教、神 (神道)と仏、神社と寺院とをはっきり区別させること。
• Shinbutsu-bunri is to prohibit conventional syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and to distinguish between Shintoism and Buddhism, Kami (Shinto) and Buddha, and shrines and temples.

• しかし、室町幕府の五山や江戸幕府の寺院諸法度と比較しても、それを「国家仏教」とまで呼べるのかについては議論が残されている。
• However, comparing with gosan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or the Jiin Shohatto (laws for temples) of Edo bakufu, whether it may be called 'National Buddhism' remains debatable.

• 元々困っている旅行者を施設を造って助けようという「救恤」の発想自体が仏教の考え方であり、自然と運営主体は寺院が多くなった。
• The very idea of helping travelers in trouble was based on a concept of Buddhist thought called 'kyujutsu' (helping a person in trouble), so temples naturally made up the majority of the operations.

• 冥加の祈願あるいは冥加を受けたことに対する謝礼として寺院や神社に奉納された金銭や物資のことも「冥加」と称するようになった。
• Money and goods that were offered to temples/shrines as gratuity for a Myoga prayer or receiving Myoga also came to be known as 'Myoga.'

• なお、新たに京を造営する際は京の造成を造京司が宮殿の造営を造宮職（造宮省）が、寺院の建築は各造寺司がそれぞれ管轄していた。
• When the imperial capital was newly constructed, Zokyoshi had jurisdiction over the development of imperial capital, Zogushiki (Office of Making Palaces) (Zogusho [Ministry of Making and Mending Palaces]) had jurisdiction over the construction of palace, and each Zojishi (Officials in Charge of Building Temples) had jurisdiction over the construction of temple.

• 本尊および諸菩薩を祀る本堂は日本の通常の仏教寺院本堂の外観とは異なり、一見して民家または集会所と区別が付かない場合が多い。
• Its Honzon (principal object of worship at a temple) and main hall enshrining Bosatsu (Buddhist saint) were different from the general Buddhist temples of Japan in terms of appearance, and they would be almost mistaken for folk dwelling or gathering place on first visit.

• これによって奈良の主要部を巻き込む大火災が発生して、興福寺・東大寺などの有力な寺院が焼け落ちて多数の僧侶・住民が焼死した。
• This caused great fire involving important area of Nara, resulting in burning down of influential temples such as Kofuku-ji Temple and Todai-ji Temple and many deaths of Buddhist monks and residents by fire.

• また、「吉崎寺」（本願寺派）・「願慶寺」（大谷派）などの寺院、本願寺維持財団が運営する「吉崎御坊 蓮如上人記念館」がある。
• Located nearby are temples such as 'Yoshizaki-ji Temple' (Hongan-ji school) and 'Gankei-ji Temple' (Otani school), and 'Yoshizaki Gobo Rennyo Shonin Memorial Hall' (shonin: saint) which is operated by the Honganji Foundation.

• 熱心な日蓮宗（顕本法華宗）の信者であり、上総北部の平定後数年で領内のほとんどの寺院を日蓮宗へと改宗させたと伝えられている。
• He was a fervent believer of Nichiren sect of Buddhism (Kenpon Hokke sect) and it is said that he converted almost all temples in the territory to the Nichiren sect within several years after he suppressed the northern Kazusa Province.

• 師匠勝楽は聖雲の父とされる若光を弔うため、自ら高句麗から携えてきた念持仏「聖天歓喜仏」を本尊とする寺院を建立しようとした。
• The master, Shoraku, tried to build a temple to worship the Shoten Buddha of Joy (a small statue of Buddha carried beside the body), which he brought from Goguryeo as a memorial for Jakko, who was believed to be the father of Shoten.

• 一周忌に秀吉が建立した寺院といい、遺骸が見つからなかったため、木像を2体造り、1体を火葬して1体を総見院に安置したという。
• It is said that Hideyoshi had that temple built during the first anniversary of Nobunaga's death and that since the dead body could not be found, Hideyoshi had two wooden statues carved, cremated one, and placed the other at the Soken-in Temple.

• 方丈（重文）－もとの方丈が火災で失われた後、塔頭寺院の西源院の方丈を移築したもので、慶長11年（1606年）の建築である。
• Hojo building (Important Cultural Property): after the original Hojo building was lost in a fire, the Hojo of Seigenin — 1 of the subsidiary temples located on the grounds — was moved to this spot. Built in 1606.

• 青年最澄は、思うところあって、奈良の大寺院での安定した地位を求めず、郷里に近い比叡山にこもって修行と経典研究に明け暮れた。
• The young Saicho had a few thoughts, and did not seek a stable position in one of Nara's big temples, only wanting to train and study scriptures close to home on Mt. Hiei.

• 延暦7年（788年）、最澄は現在の根本中堂の位置に薬師堂・文殊堂・経蔵からなる小規模な寺院を建立し、一乗止観院と名付けた。
• In 788 Saicho built a small temple on the site of the present-day Konponchudo Hall, which consisted of Yakushido Hall, Monjudo Hall, and Kyozo (scripture repository), and he called it Ichijoshikan-in Temple.

• 他に萬福寺のような黄檗宗寺院や長崎市の唐寺などでは、大陸風の「大雄宝殿」（だいゆうほうでん）という名称を用いる場合もある。
• In addition, temples of the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism like Mampuku-ji Temple and others such as Nagasaki City's To-dera Temple give their main halls the Chinese style name 'Daiyu Hoden.'

• 天龍寺（てんりゅうじ）は、京都府京都市右京区嵯峨天龍寺芒ノ馬場町（すすきのばばちょう）にある、臨済宗天龍寺派大本山の寺院。
• Tenryu-ji Temple is the headquarters of the Tenryu-ji branch of the Rinzai Sect, located in Sagatenryuji-susukinobaba-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

• これらの建物は日本の一般的な寺院建築とは異なり、中国の明時代末期頃の様式でつくられ、材料も南方産のチーク材が使われている。
• These buildings differ from usual Japanese temple architecture in that they have been built in a late Ming Dynasty Chinese style and constructed from southern teakwood.

• また、仏道への帰依の念も深く、上高野の地に寺院を建立することを願っていたが、果たせずして1627年（寛永4年）に死去した。
• He believed Buddhism so much and wished to build a temple in Kamitakano, however, passed away in 1627 before his wish came true.

• 正林寺（しょうりんじ）は京都市東山区渋谷（しぶたに）通東大路東入3丁目上馬町（かみうまちょう）にある、浄土宗の寺院である。
• Shorin-ji Temple is a Jodo (Pure Land) sect temple located in Kamiuma-cho, 3-chome, Higashioji Higashi-iru, Shibutani Street, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

• この頃を境に、寺は智光曼荼羅を祀る「極楽院」、五重塔を中心とする「元興寺観音堂」、それに「小塔院」の3つの寺院に分裂した。
• Around those days, the temple was divided into three temples: 'Gokuraku-in Temple' enshrining Chiko Mandala, 'Gango-ji Temple Kannon-do Hall (a temple dedicated to Kannon)' developing around the Five-Storied Pagoda, and 'Shoto-in Temple.'

• 東大寺は、光明皇后が悲田院や施薬院を設け、日本の社会事業のさきがけとなった寺院であるため今も各種社会事業が行なわれている。
• Todai-ji is the temple where the Empress Komyo established Hiden-in and Seyaku-in which became initiatives of social work; so there is much social work done even today.

• 江戸時代に入って寛文年間（1670年頃）に堂宇が復興され、連枝格の別格本山（中本山）として大和地方一帯の崇敬寺院となった。
• The temple building was restored in the Edo period (around 1670), and the temple became 崇敬寺院 in Yamato region as the Bekkaku-Honzan (quasi-head temple) of Rengikaku.

• 総本山の諸堂、各寺院の本堂に安置され、「本門戒壇之大御本尊」を模して、黒漆塗りの板に文字を刻み、文字には金箔が施されている。
• They are enshrined in each building of the Grand Head Temple and Main building (Hondo) of each temple, emulating the ' Honmonkaidan-no-Daigohonzon,' with gold-plated characters on a board with a layer of black lacquer.

• なお、明治初期には、唐招提寺を例外として他の律宗寺院は全て真言宗に所轄されたが、1900年（明治33年）律宗として独立した。
• Besides, in the early Meiji period all Risshu temples except Toshodai-ji Temple belonged to the Shingon sect, but they became independent as the Risshu sect in 1900.

• なお、宝塔という呼称もあるが、現代の寺院建築用語・文化財用語では円筒形の塔身に方形の屋根を架けたものを「宝塔」と称している。
• Additionally, the term 'hoto' is used by professionals in reference to cylinder-shaped pagodas topped by squared roofs.

• 1963年（昭和38年）に、東寺と真言宗東寺派が分裂したが、後に東寺を中心に活動しようとする寺院が東寺真言宗として独立した。
• In 1963 the To-ji Temple and the To-ji school of the Shingon sect were split, and later the temples which supported the To-ji Temple became independent as the To-ji Shingon sect.

• 東大寺を再建させたこの制度は他の寺院にも用いられて、有力寺院の再建には勧進職（かんじんしょく）が任命されるのが恒例とされた。
• This system, which had made possible the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple, became popular among other temples, and major temples often installed the Kanjin shoku position in order to restrict them.

• もう1寺は現在の上京区寺町通り広小路上る北之辺町（京都御所の東方）に移され天台宗寺院となったが、この寺が現在の遣迎院である。
• The other temple was moved to Kitanobe-cho, Hirokoji agaru, Teramachi-dori Street, Kamigyo Ward (east to the Kyoto Imperial Palace) and became the temple of the Tendai sect, which led to the present Kengo-in Temple.

• 坊官（ぼうかん・房官）とは、平安時代以後に寺院の最高指導者（別当・三綱）などの家政を担当した機関及びそこに属した僧侶のこと。
• Bokan is an organization which was in charge of the household management of the supreme leader of a temple (betto [administrator of a Buddhist temple] or sango [three monastic positions with management roles at a temple]) and so on, or the monks who belonged to such an organization in and after the Heian period.

• 行者（あんじゃ）とは、仏教寺院において僧侶のように出家をせず、俗人のまま、米搗きや薪拾いなど寺の雑務を行う労働者の事である。
• Anja is a worker in the Buddhist temple, who does chores such as rice milling or gathering firewood, does not become a priest, and remains as secular.

• 荼枳尼天の真言は、後述する真言系寺院に伝えられている東寺方即位法でも用いられており、即位灌頂との密接な関連が指摘されている。
• Mantra of Dakiniten is used in Toji-kata sokuiho described below handed down by temples in the Shingon sect, and, for which a close relationship with sokuikanjo has been pointed out.

• また、寺院の中には安定した収入を確保するために、所領からの収入や祠堂銭（供養料）などを元手に金融業に進出するところもあった。
• In addition, in order to secure a stable income, some temples entered the money lending business, using revenue from their territories and from 'shidosen' (mortuary donations) as capital.

• そのため、大政奉還により、天皇に政権が返上されると、新政府の神道重視の政策の結果、全国で廃仏毀釈が行われ、寺院数が減少した。
• For this reason, the restoration of imperial rule and the transfer of political power back to the Emperor saw the new government introduce policies promoting Shinto, which together with the nationwide anti-Buddhist haibutsu-kishaku movement, led to a decrease in the number of temples.

• その後も、北宋の真宗 (宋)や仁宗 (宋)らの歴代の皇帝が、無額寺院への勅額下賜を度々行っており、司馬光らに諌められている。
• After that, successive emperors such as the Northern Song Dynasty emperors Zhenzong and Renzong often gave inscriptions to temples that did not already have one, earning warnings from figures such as Guang SIMA.

• また、当霊場は浄土宗の寺院を中心にした巡拝であるが、法然上人の御霊跡を巡る霊場であるので真言宗や天台宗の寺院も含まれている。
• The circuit pilgrimage is made mainly to Buddhist temples of the Pure Land sect, but those of the Shingon sect and the Tendai sect are also included because the pilgrimage is made to sacred grounds related to Honen Shonin.

• やがてこの寺院で行われる催しに人気が出始めていくにつれ、観衆をより楽しませるために上記のような様々な芸能を取り入れていった。
• With such temple performances becoming popular, it incorporated various arts mentioned above in order to afford more pleasure to spectators.

• 初期には後陽成天皇による慶長勅版、徳川家康による伏見版、駿河版、あるいは要法寺版、本圀寺版など寺院の手によるものなどがある。
• Among books in their early stage are Keicho Chokuhan, published by order of the Emperor Goyozei; Fushimi-ban and Suruga-ban editions, published by order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA; and Yoboji-ban and Honkokuji-ban editions, published by temples.

• だが、源平合戦で交通の要所であった白河の地は荒廃し、窮民によって御所や寺院が荒らされていく様子が『玉葉』などに記されている。
• Documents including 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) described how the land of Shirakawa, which had been an important area for traffic, was devastated and how the imperial palace and temples were kept ransacked by the poor and needy during and after the Genpei War (1180-1185, a war between the Taira clan and the Minamoto clan in which the latter defeated the former and established the Kamakura shogunate government).

• 12世紀後半の作と考えられる『信貴山縁起絵巻』（奈良県生駒郡、朝護孫子寺蔵）は寺院の創建にまつわる話を絵巻としたものである。
• 'Shigisan engi emaki' (Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture, possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple) which is believed to be a creation from the latter half of the 12th century is the emakimono based on the story regarding the foundation of the temple.

• 平治の乱の後、大和国が清盛の知行国になった際に清盛は南都寺院が保持していた旧来の特権を無視して国内全域において検断を行った。
• After Heiji Disturbance, when Yamato Province became Kiyomori's proprietary province, Kiyomori performed policing and adjudication across the country, ignoring traditional privilege possessed by Nanto temples.

• 平田派国学を信奉し、他の青山一門と同様、儒教教育の否定や、藩内の寺院（藩公の菩提寺を含む）、位牌の破却を特に率先して行った。
• He supported the study of Japanese classical literature of Hirata-ha school, and as well as other members of the Aoyama family, he actively advocated the denial of the Confucian education, elimination of the Buddhist temples in the domain (including the family temple of the domain lord), and abandonment of the Buddhist mortuary tablet.

• 後白河は園城寺に早くから帰信して外護者としての立場をとったため、園城寺と対立する延暦寺は後白河の寺院政策に不満を抱いていた。
• Goshirakawa was a contributor to Onjo-ji Temple from early in his life and took the position of gegosha (non-ordained protector); Enryaku-ji Temple soon came into conflict with Onjo-ji Temple because of discontent with Gosirakawa's actions.

• その地域の信仰を集めただけでなく、遠路からの信仰も集めることがあり、それらの寺院と各地を結ぶ交通路が整備されるようになった。
• Not only locals gathered to pay respect to the temples, people from remote areas also gathered to venerate these places, resulting in well maintained traffic routes connecting each area.

• 青蓮院は比叡山東塔の南谷にあった青蓮坊がその起源であり、門跡寺院となって山下に移ったのは平安時代末期の行玄大僧正の時である。
• Shoren-in Temple is derived from Shorembo in the Minamidani area of Mt. Hiei's Higashito district but was relocated to the bottom of the mountain when it became a monzeki temple during the time of Gyogen Daisojo at the end of the Heian period.

• 空海（弘法大師）の高弟である僧都・真紹が、都における実践道場の建立を志し、五智如来を本尊とする寺院を建立したのが起源である。
• The temple's origin lies in the temple dedicated to the Five Wisdom Buddhas founded by Kukai's (Kobo-daishi) leading disciple Shinjo Sozu after aspiring to establish a practical training site in the capital.

• この里坊を「円徳院」と称し、山上の寺院を「円融房」と称したという説と、「円徳院」と「円融房」は別個の寺院だとする説とがある。
• There is a theory that this satobo was named 'Entoku-in' and the mountain temple named 'Enyu-bo', and an alternative theory that 'Entoku-in' and 'Enyu-bo' were in fact separate temples.

• 近世以降、修験道は江戸幕府の政策もあって「本山派」「当山派」の2つに分かれたが、聖護院はこのうちの本山派の中心寺院であった。
• During the early modern period, Shugendo was split into the 'Honzan school' and 'Tozan school' by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and Shogo-in Temple was a central temple of the Honzan school.

• 洛中法華21ヶ寺（らくちゅうほっけ21かじ）は京都市内にある日像上人の妙顕寺建立に始まる日蓮宗系仏教各宗派の21の本山寺院。
• The twenty-one Hokke Sect temples of central Kyoto consist of the 21 head temples of each of the schools of the Nichiren Sect which began with Myoken-ji Temple in Kyoto City founded by Nichizo Shonin.

• 法成寺は平等院の範となった寺院でもあり、当時、鴨川方向から見れば、ちょうど宇治川方向から見た平等院のようであったと思われる。
• Hojo-ji Temple became the model for Byodoin Temple and it is thought that facing Hojo-ji Temple from the direction of the Kamo-gawa River would have presented a sight similar to that of facing Byodoin Temple from the direction of the Uji-gawa River.

• この地は観光地の近くとあって、当寺院に来訪する人が多く、秀次と一族・家臣の菩提に向かって、手を合わせる人が絶えることがない。
• As this area is near a sightseeing spot, the temple receives many visitors and there are many people who pray for the souls of Hidetsugu, his family, and retainers.

• その晩年の隠棲地の一つ「高雲御所」（或いは「小野宮御所」）を、親王がこの地を去って6年後に薨じた後に供養のために寺院にした。
• The Koun Palace (a.k.a. Ononomiya Palace), which was one of his country houses, was turned into a temple in memory of Imperial Prince Koretaka six years after his death.

• しかし、興福寺に塀が無く公園の中に寺院がある状態、「信仰の動線」が欠落していると称される状態は、このとき残された傷跡である。
• However, the fact that Kofuku-ji Temple has no walls and is located in a park and that because of this there is no 'flow line of belief,' is one remaining scar from that time.

• 発掘された古瓦の様式年代からもこの寺院が舒明天皇11年（639年）に建立された百済大寺に該当する可能性は高いと見られている。
• Judging from the style of the excavated old roof-tiles, there is a high posibility that this temple is Kudaradai-ji Temple which was build in 639.

• 日本での仏教は神道との習合がいたるところで存在し、両者での考えが入り乱れていることもある(寺院における鳥居、建築様式など)。
• Syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism exists in many places in Japan and the ideas and concepts of both are somewhat mixed up or confused (Torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) and construction style at a shrine.)

• 日本に仏教が伝わってきた6世紀前半には、本格的な寺院はなく、宮殿や邸宅の中に小規模な仏堂が建てられたのみであったと想像される。
• It is assumed that when Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the early sixth century there were no full-fledged temples; instead, small Buddhist shrines were built within the palace and houses.

• 室町時代後期には、寺院の書院や武家住宅に押板や棚、書院を備えるものが造られるようになり、次第に書院造の形式が整えられていった。
• By the end of the Muromachi Period, temples with shoin, and samurai residences with oshi-ita, tana and shoin were being built, and the style of shoin-zukuri was gradually formed.

• それは寺院が生活の身近にあり、家の中に改めて小さな寺を作る必要がないからであり、供養壇としての流れが加わっているためでもある。
• Those people of Buddhism, other than the Japanese, do not need to have other miniature temples at home because they feel familiar enough with their nearby temples and because of an additional category of kuyodan (a small altar for memorial services of each family to their ancestors.)

• だが、平安時代末期に入ると社会不安が増大し、広大な所領の持ち主であり裕福であった大寺院は盗賊などに狙われる危険性が高くなった。
• However, towards the end of the Heian period, social unrest spread and there was an increased risk of large temples, which owned vast tracts of land and had grown wealthy, attracting thieves.

• 参拝者は賽銭箱に金銭を投入した後、神社なら拍手 (神道)、寺院なら合掌し、目を閉じながら神仏への願い事やお礼を心の中で唱える。
• After throwing money in Saisenbako, visitors clap their hands at shrines (Shinto) or put their palms together at temples, and then they pray for their wishes or offer their thanks to Shinto and Buddhist deities in their minds while closing their eyes.

• 寄席の起源は、一般的には江戸初期に神社や寺院の境内の一部を借りて、現在の講談に近い話を聞かせる催し物が開かれていたものである。
• During the early Edo period, storytelling events, being very similar to Kodan storytelling, were held in borrowed spaces in the premises of temples or shrines, which were the origin of yose.

• この時代に田柴料を基本とした土地・租税制度は崩壊に向かい、宗親・両班・寺院・武人らが各地で大規模な土地兼併を行うようになった。
• During this period the land and tax system based on Jeonshigwa (the Stipend Land Law) began to collapse and Soshin (the Imperial Family of the Yi Dynasty), Yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), temples and warriors began the large scaled tochikenpei (land unity) in various regions.

• 例えば、寺院では寺院の住持の交替の際に仏具・法具などの什器や文書などの一覧を記した資財帳や土地を記した水陸田目録が作成された。
• At temples, for example, books of materials were drawn up, in which Buddhist altar fittings, ritual implements and documents were listed as well as a list of paddy fields and farmland.

• 大仏鋳造や寺院などの大型品の鋳造では、坩堝は用いず溶解炉から直接鋳型に流し込み技法であったことが考古学的にも立証されている。)
• For the casting of big objects, such as Great Buddha and temples, it is archaeologically proved that molding technique without crucibles, which pours the melted metal into a mold from a melting furnace directly, was used.

• 騒動後、服部は廃寺や合併の方針を改めたが廃藩置県後、誕生した額田県は、明治政府の方針によって寺院の廃・合併は強行に実施された。
• After the riot, although Hattori revised the policy of the abolished and merger of temples, it was implemented forcibly in Nukata Prefecture where it was created after the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) due to the policy of the Meiji Government.

• 大臣蘇我馬子が病気になったときに馬子は仏法による病気平癒を願い、勅許により3人は再び寺院に入って尼僧となり病気平癒を祈願した。
• At the time when the Minister SOGA no Umako became ill, he hoped to cure his disease through Buddhism, which led to the allowance of the three nuns to enter the nunhood again and pray for his cure by an imperial sanction.

• 以上の伝承を総合すると、平安時代初期に草創された前身寺院が平安時代後期には荒廃していたのを、鎌倉時代に再興したものと思われる。
• Combining the above legends leads one to believe that original temple founded during the early Heian period fell into ruin later in the Heian period and was then restored at some point in the Kamakura period.

• 聖林寺の近世までの歴史は不明の部分が多いが、妙楽寺とともに、大神神社（おおみわじんじゃ）とも関連が深い寺院であったと思われる。
• A great part of the history of Shorin-ji Temple up until the modern times remains unclear, but it is thought that it had close relations with Omiwa-jinja Shirine along with Myoraku-ji Temple.

• 中金堂跡付近に建つ弘福寺（ぐふくじ）は川原寺の法灯を継ぐ寺院で、重要文化財の木造持国天・多聞天立像（平安時代前期）を安置する。
• Gufuku-ji Temple, which stands close to the Chukon-do Hall ruins, is a temple that has inherited the light of Buddhism from Kawara-dera Temple, and houses the wooden statues of Jikokuten and Tamonten (from the early Heian Period) which have been designated Important Cultural Properties.

• 本来は寺院だったものを神社に変更してしまい、その際本尊としては十二神将の一人の宮毘羅大将だったものを大物主大神に変更している。
• Kotohira-gu, which had been a temple, became a Shinto shrine, replacing Kubira Taisho, one of Juni Shinsho (twelve heavenly generals of Yakushi Buddha), worshipped as the principle image, with Omononushi no mikoto.

• ここには「天狗岩」という巨石があり、霊場の景観を呈していることから、南西側の曲輪は金輪寺の寺院敷地を利用したとも考えられている。
• Here there is a large rock called 'Tengu-iwa' (Tengu rock, or long-nosed goblin shaped rock), representing a mountain spirit, and it is therefore thought that the southwestern compound was constructed on the grounds of Kinrin-ji Temple.

• また、特殊なものとして、陶棺（陶製の棺桶）や寺院の屋根に飾られる鴟尾（しび）、官衙などで使用される硯などの陶器も製造されていた。
• What is more, to name special things, tokan (ceramic coffin), shibi (ornamental ridge-end tile) with which the roof of a temple was decorated, and earthenware like a suzuri (ink stone) which was used in government offices were made, too.

• 江戸幕府成立後の元和_(日本)元年（1615年）、諸宗寺院法度が制定されると、僧録・蔭涼職が廃止されて幕府の直接支配が図られた。
• In 1615 after the establishment of the Edo bakufu, Shoshu Jin Shohatto (law decreeing rules for Buddhist temples) was enacted and the posts of soroku and inryoshiki were abolished, with the bakufu attempting to exert direct control.

• 恵印灌頂（えいんかんぢょう）は、修験道の当山派の寺院である醍醐寺三宝院における法流をいい、またその恵印法流を継承する儀式をいう。
• Ein Kanjo means the system of teachings of Daigo-ji Temple Sanpo-in, a temple of the Tozan school of Shugendo (Japanese mountain asceticism-shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhism concepts), or a ritual conducted in the manner of Ein Horyu (ritual of the Ein school).

• 初七日は火葬を終えて自宅に帰る途中に所属寺院（菩提寺）に立ち寄って行われるか、自宅に帰り、還骨のお経を兼ねて行われることが多い。
• Shonanoka is in many cases observed at Bodaiji (the family temple) on the way home from the crematory or observed at home also as an offering of Buddhist sutras for the return of ashes.

• 情報力 - 大寺院では、遣隋使・遣唐使に加わった留学僧や、渡来僧などの知識人が、日本にもたらした知識をいち早く学ぶことができた。
• Power of information - Major temples were the first to learn knowledge which had been brought to Japan by intellectuals including foreign monks as well as monks who had joined Japanese envoys to Sui and Tong Dynasties China and studied abroad.

• 寺院内部においても大衆_(寺院)が寺院内外の重要決定をする際に評定が召集され、寺院の年始の行事の一環として評定始が開かれていた。
• Daishu (a group of monks) were convened to hold hyojo to decide important matters in and around a temple, and hyojohajime was one of the ceremonies of the temple in the New Year.

• しかし、都の衰退と共に、仏教寺院や学識僧が徐々にその担い手として台頭し、その中でも鎌倉五山を中心とした五山文学はその代表である。
• However, with the decline of the capital, Buddhist temples and learned priests came to be responsible for those studies; the most representative of them was Gozan Bungaku (Literature of the Five Official Temples), the center of which was Kamakura Gozan Temple.

• それでも、やはり利用者がどうしても返せない場合もあり、祠堂銭を運営する寺院が私徳政を求める徳政一揆の攻撃対象となる場合もあった。
• Even so, there were some who were unable to pay for their debts and when temples managing Shidosen sought Private Acts of Virtuous Government, they were sometimes targeted in Tokusei uprisings.

• 墾田永年私財法の施行により、富豪や大寺院などが私有耕地を拡大していったため、政府として一旦、墾田を禁止したものと考えられている。
• It is believed that in its capacity as a government, cultivation of new land was once prohibited, for the wealthy and large temples increased their own cultivated lands by the enforcement of the Konden Einen Shizai Law.

• 下地の亡骸は、派出所警官が引き上げ、県が嘆願して政府から下賜された埋葬料25円、遺族扶助料90円をもって那覇の寺院に改葬された。
• Shimoji's corpse was taken by the officers of the police station, and was reburied in the temple in Naha with the burial fee, 25 yen and the survivor's benefit, 90 yen, which was given by the government due to the request of Okinawa Prefecture.

• 宗教的立場から見ると、東大寺は、前身寺院のひとつ、金鐘寺（こんしゅじ、などと呼ぶ、前身寺院で詳述）の古密教としての性格があった。
• From a religious point of view, Todai-ji Temple was characteristic of ancient Esoteric Buddhism inherited from one of its predecessor temples, Konshu-ji Temple (mentioned in detail later in 'Predecessor Temples').

• 大養徳国金光明寺は、各国の国分寺の中では珍しく、新たに建立されたのではなく、明らかに前身となった寺院が認められていることになる。
• Unlike other provincial temples, Kinkonmyo-ji Temple in Yamato Province was not newly built, and the existence of its predecessor temple was confirmed.

• 比叡山延暦寺焼き討ちの際に寺院や坂本の町は悉く焼き払われ、僧も虐殺されたが可成の墓所の有る聖衆来迎寺だけは手出しをされなかった。
• During the attack on (and burning of) Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, all its subtemples and the entire town of Sakamoto were burned down and its priests slaughtered; only Shoju-raigo-ji Temple, which housed the grave of Yoshinari, was spared this fate.

• しかし豊臣秀吉による「醍醐の花見」をきっかけに紀州などからの寺院建築の移築や三宝院の建設などにより今日見るような姿となっている。
• However, thanks to the relocation of temple buildings from Kishu and construction of Sanboin for Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's Daigo Flower Viewing, it has taken on the appearance we see today.

• 近代日本を代表する禅・思想家の久松真一は、戦中・戦後の一時期を春光院で過ごし、当寺院で鈴木大拙と禅や近代哲学について語り合った。
• Shinichi HISAMATSU of modern philosopher and Zen Buddhist scholar spent time at the Shunko-in Temple some time during and after the Second World War where he would discuss Zen and modern philosophy with Daisetsu SUZUKI.

• それと共に、それを背景として熊野の修験組織をまとめ上げ、熊野三山検校として修験道の重要寺院としての位置づけを確固たるものとした。
• In line with this role, the temple also consolidated the organization of Kumano's Shugendo and served an important role as Kumano Sanzan Kengyo.

• 音羽の滝からさらに南へ進むと、「錦雲渓」と呼ばれる谷を越えた先に塔頭寺院の泰産寺があり、「子安塔」と呼ばれる小さな三重塔がある。
• Heading further to the south from 'Otowa no taki Falls,' visitors will find the minor temple of Taizan-ji Temple ahead of the valley called 'Kinunkei valley' and a small three-storied pagoda called 'Koyasu-no-to pagoda.'

• 伊勢神宮の「神宮伝奏」、賀茂社の「賀茂伝奏」、延暦寺の「山門伝奏」、興福寺など奈良の寺院を統括する「南都伝奏」などが設置された。
• Jingutenso' (shrine messenger to the Emperor) of Ise Jingu Shrine, 'Kamo-denso' (Kamo shrine messenger to the Emperor) of Kamo-sha Shrine, 'Sanmon-denso' (Enryaku-ji Temple messenger tothe Emperor) of Enryaku-ji Temple, 'Nanto-denso' which controlled temples in Nara such as Kofuku-ji Temple, and others were established.

• 江戸時代、稲荷塚古墳の東側に資福院という寺院があったが、明治初年に神仏分離令などの廃仏毀釈により墳丘上に恋路稲荷神社が建てられた。
• In the Edo period, there was a temple called Shifuku-in on the east side of the Inarizuka-kofun Tumulus; however, due to the Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism) such as the Shinbutsu-bunri-rei (a law to forbidden the fusion of Shinto and Buddhism) in the early years of the Meiji period, Koiji-inari Shrine was built on the hilltop.

• また、天台宗系の寺院では、千手観音を中尊として両脇に毘沙門天・不動明王を安置することも多い（滋賀・明王院像、京都・峰定寺像など）。
• Additionally, in the temples of the Tendai sect it is often seen that Senju Kannon is placed at the center and Bishamonten and Fudo Myoo are placed at its sides (Myoo-in Temple in Shiga, Bujo-ji Temple in Kyoto).

• 立法府に相当する組織（議決機関）：組会（各寺院・教会の主管者〈各寺院・教会の僧侶の代表〉）と、組門徒会（各寺院・教会の門徒の代表）
• The organization that corresponds to the legislative body (decision-making body): So-kai (組会) (responsible official of each temple and church (representatives of priests in each temple and church) and So-Monto-kai (組門徒会) (representatives of lay followers in each temple and church)

• 周囲からは禅僧として高位の位を望まれたが、画を好む明兆はこれを拒絶して明の李竜眠から画法を学び、初の寺院専属の画家として大成した。
• The monks with whom he associated wished to make him a high ranking Zen monk but his passion was painting, so he refused this in order to study art under LI Longmian of Ming Dynasty China, and went on to find success as the first temple artist.

• 戦時中、翼賛体制への迎合から寺院で神札を祭ったのと同じく、決して日和見主義やあさましさに由来するものではないとする見方も存在する。
• There is a theory that the abovementioned change happened in the same way as there was talisman held at the temples to accommodate themselves into Yokusan Taisei (Support system of Taisei Yokusan-kai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association)), and it did not come from opportunism and shameless.

• 崇伝没後の1635年、寺社奉行が設けられると、寺院の管掌は寺社奉行が取り仕切ることとなり、僧録の権限は更に縮小されることとなった。
• After the death of Suden, the jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), which was established in 1635, took charge of the management of temples, with the result that the authority of the Soroku was further reduced.

• 江戸時代になると、江戸幕府によって東国の天台宗の大寺院として日光の日光山輪王寺と上野の東叡山寛永寺（開山は天海）が建立されていた。
• In the Edo period, the grand temples of the Tendai sect in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region), Rinno-ji Temple on Mt. Nikko in Nikko and Kanei-ji Temple on Mt. Toei (Tenkai was the founder and the first chief priest) in Ueno were built by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 末寺（まつじ）とは、本山の支配下にある寺院のことを指すが、江戸時代の本末制度成立以前においては今日とはやや違った意味を持っている。
• Matsuji is a reference to temples under the control of Honzan (head temple), but it had a different purpose when Honmatsu seido (the system of head and branch temples) was established, compared to the present day.

• 最近は寺院や葬儀専用ホールなどで行われることが多く、自宅あるいは葬祭場などで遺体を納棺した後、寝台車で式場へ搬送し祭壇に安置する。
• Tsuya are now often conducted in a temple or a funeral hall, so after the body is placed in a coffin at the home or sosaijo (funeral house), the coffin is driven to where the tsuya will be held and placed at the altar.

• 日蓮正宗においては、本山格である讃岐本門寺、妙蓮寺、定善寺（大石寺では代替法要）のみに使われ、それ以外の寺院では「入院式」という。
• The Nichiren Shoshu sect uses this term only for Sanuki Honmon-ji Temple, Myoren-ji Temple and Jozen-ji Temple with head temple status (Alternation Mass in Taiseki-ji Temple), and other temples call the ceremony 'Nyuin shiki (temple-entering ceremony).'

• 近世期には、本来は別系統であったと考えられる一向俊聖や国阿らの法系が吸収されており、空也を仰ぐ寺院が時宗とみなされていた例もある。
• In the early-modern times, Buddhist laws of Shunjo IKKO and Kokua, which are considered to have been originally in a different line, were absorbed, and there was time when temples that worship Kuya were considered to belong to Jishu sect.

• なお五色不動は基本的に天台宗や真言宗の系統の寺院にあり、密教という点で共通しているが、不動明王に限らず明王は元来密教の仏像である。
• Goshiki Fudo, in principle, is found in temples of the Tendai-shu sect and Shingon-shu sect, which share the common teaching of the Esoteric Buddhism, and Myoo, not only Fudo Myoo, is an Esoteric Buddhist image by nature.

• 市中の道路から武家や公家や寺院の境内に入り、茶室に近付く通り道を、単なる通路とせず茶のための予備空間としてさまざまな工夫を凝らす。
• The path to a tea room of the houses of samurai or court noble or temples from the streets is not considered only a route, but is elaborated as a preparatory space for tea.

• 中世以降、中国では布袋になぞらえた太鼓腹の姿が弥勒仏の姿形として描かれるようになり、寺院の主要な仏堂に安置されるのが通例となった。
• Since the middle period, Miroku bodhisattva has been depicted with a paunchy appearance similar to that of Hotei in pictures and those pictures have been commonly placed in major Buddhist buildings of temples in China.

• しかしながら、江戸時代初期から文献では、特に寺院などで「寺方蕎麦」として蕎麦切りが作られ、茶席などで提供されたりした例が見られる。
• Starting during the early Edo period, however, there have been documented instances that, particularly, at places such as temples, sobakiri known as Terakata soba (buckwheat noodles offered in a temple) was made and served at a tea ceremony.

• 実は大寺院という存在が、歴史のある時期、特に平安時代・中世などに、酒造りの中心となることは世界史的に見てもめずらしいことではない。
• In fact, from the perspective of world history, Japan is not unique in that major temples play a primary role in the brewing industry during a certain historical period, especially in the Heian period or medieval times.

• が、これは天武天皇系の政権を支えてきた貴族や寺院の勢力が集まる大和国から脱して、新たな天智天皇系の都を造る意図があったといわれる。
• Apparently, it was to get away from Yamato Province where the nobles and Buddhists who supported the Emperor Tenmu government had gathered, and to build the capital for the new Emperor Tenchi.

• 運営主体が寺院である場合はその寺院そのものが、国府である場合は敷地内に寺を建造したり近くの寺に監督を依頼したりすることが行われた。
• Fuseya operated by temples themselves were put under the supervision of the temple, but when they were operated by a kokufu, a supervisory temple would be built near the site or a nearby temple would be assigned to look after it.

• 2008年（平成20年）現在国宝の建造物は神社37件、寺院154件、城郭8件、住宅12件、民家0件、その他3件、計214件である。
• As of 2008, the total number of buildings designated national treasures is 214: of the structures so designated, 37 appear in shrines, 154 in temples, 8 in castles, 12 in public residences, 0 in private homes, and 3 are miscellaneous structures.

• それは、九重の塔がそびえ建ち、高さは法隆寺の五重塔の二倍もあり、現代の25階ビルに相当し、当時の東アジアでも超一級の寺院であった。
• It was one of the top temples in East Asia at the time, with its towering nine-story pagoda, equivalent to a modern twenty-five story building, two times higher than Horyu-ji Temple's five-story pagoda.

• 江戸時代に認められていた寺院と神社の領地（寺社領）が1871年（明治4年）と1875年（明治8年）の2回の上知令により没収された。
• Territories of temples and Shinto shrines (jisha-ryo), which had been granted in the Edo period, were confiscated by Agechi-rei in 1871 and 1875.

• 通幻十哲と呼ばれる優れた弟子を輩出し、最盛期には曹洞宗全寺院数16000余寺に対し通幻派9000ヶ寺という宗門最大の門流を育てた。
• Eminent disciples called Tsugen Great Ten appeared one after another from his school, and Tsugen sect grew to be the biggest school in the Soto sect, having 9000 temples at its height while all the temples of the Soto sect was over 16000.

• 知恩院の境内は、三門や塔頭寺院のある下段、本堂（御影堂）など中心伽藍のある中段、勢至堂、法然廟などのある上段の3つに分かれている。
• The grounds of Chion-in Temple are divided into a lower section that includes the Sammon gate and sub-temples, a middle section where the central monastery such as the main hall (Miei-do) is located, and an upper section in which structures such as the Seishi Hall and Honen's tomb are situated.

• 神護寺の前身寺院である神願寺または高雄山寺のいずれかにあった像と思われるが、どちらの寺に属していた像であるかについては定説がない。
• It is thought that this statue was located at either of Jingo-ji Temple's predecessor temples Shingan-ji Temple or Takaosan-ji Temple but it is not known which one.

• 「三間三戸」は門の正面柱間が3間で、3間すべてが通路になっているものを指す（日本の禅宗寺院の三門は一般的には「五間三戸」である）。
• Three bays and three entrances' means that all three of the front bays serve as entrances (Japanese Zen Buddhist temples usually have a Sammon gate with 'five bays and three entrances').

• 正嘉年間（1257年-1259年）、十地覚空とその弟子の東山湛照が東福寺の円爾に帰依して臨済宗寺院となり、寺号も万寿禅寺と改めた。
• Between 1257 and 1259, Jichi Kakuku and his disciple Tozan Tansho became devoted to Enni of Tofuku-ji Temple, and the temple converted to the Rinzai Sect with the name being changed to Manju-ji Temple.

• 第4代院主・信円（藤原忠通の子）の頃に門跡寺院とされ、中世には一乗院と並ぶ有力な塔頭で、門主は摂関家や将軍家の子弟から迎えていた。
• It was regarded as a monzeki temple (a temple of high rank where members of imperial family and nobility enter the priesthood) in the time of the 4th Inju (the 4th chief of a temple), Shinen (a son of FUJIWARA no Tadamichi), and it was an influential tatchu along with Ichijo-in Temple in the Medieval period, with its chief priest having come from the sons of Sekkan-ke or the Shogun family.

• 絵馬（えま）は、神社や寺院に祈願するとき、および祈願した願いが叶ってその謝礼をするときに寺社に奉納する、絵が描かれた木の板である。
• 'Ema' is a wooden board with a picture of a horse, which is dedicated to a temple or a shrine when making a wish, or when showing gratitude for the granted wish.

• 現在でも、坂本 (大津市)の町に多数立ち並ぶ里坊とよばれる延暦寺の末端の寺院群は、彼らの組んだ石垣で囲まれ町並みに特徴を与えている。
• Even today, the numerous fringe temples of Enryaku-ji Temple known as satobo (small village temples) located in Sakamoto (Otsu City) lend a distinctive characteristic to the townscape with their stone walls built by the Ano-shu Guild.

• 豊山派の多くの寺院に安置された十一面観音像はこの像容となっているため、通常の十一面観音像と区別して「長谷寺式十一面観音」と呼ばれる。
• The statues of Juichimen Kannon that are placed in many Buzan-ha temples show these features, and consequently they are called 'Juichimen Kannon of the Hase-dera style.'

• 仏教寺院では、仏堂の扉を開いた際に仏像が見えるように祀るのが本来であるが、「秘仏」は開帳以外の時は厨子の扉を閉じたまま祀られている。
• In Buddhist temples, the doors of the Butsudo (Buddhist shrine) are normally open so that the Buddhist image can be seen from outside, but zushi that enshrine hibutsu are usually closed except for a certain period when the hibutsu are unveiled to the public.

• 大寺院の内部においてその一郭を占めて、寺院本体とは別に独自の所領・組織を保有した別院を構成する塔頭及びそこに止住する僧侶集団を指す。
• This can refer to the sub-temples that occupy space within the precinct of a large temple with their own territory and organizational structure, or to the monks who reside within such sub-temples.

• それでも戦国時代 (日本)の清順のように勧進活動によって寺院を再興した勧進比丘尼も少なからずおり、その活動も評価されるものであった。
• Nevertheless, more than a few kanjin bikuni whose services are highly recognized; for example, Seijun in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) were engaged in kanjin as the means to rebuild temples.

• 一方、寺院の側からすれば、檀信徒に対して教導を実施する責務を負わされることとなり、仏教教団が幕府の統治体制の一翼を担うこととなった。
• Meanwhile, the system obliged the temple to give religious instructions to its believers, and had the Buddhist organizations play a role in the regime of the Edo shogunate.

• 五山版（ござんばん）は、宋 (王朝)元 (王朝)時代の禅籍の出版隆盛の影響を受け、五山を中心として寺院で開版された刊本のことである。
• The term 'Gozanban' refers to the books published by Gozan (the Five Great Zen Temples in Kyoto) and other temples, which were affected by the active publication of books on Zen Buddhism in the age of the Sung and Yuan dynasties.

• 1970年代半ば頃から、一部行きすぎた華美な燈籠が現れたり、放火や失火による火災が相次いだりして、盆燈籠を認めない寺院が現れ始めた。
• From around the middle of the 1970's, some temples began to forbid bon toro, because some toro became too luxurious, and because fires - cases of arson and accidental fires - occurred one after another.

• 伝統真言宗系当山派の寺院が行う「柴燈護摩」は、本来山中修行にて行者だけで修するものであるため規模や護摩木の数の多寡を問うことはない。
• Saitogoma' held by the temples of the traditional Shingonshu sect Tozan school is originally an ascetic practice in the mountain performed only by practitioners, which does not regard the scale or the number of Gomagi (pieces of wood for ritual burning).

• この日本の庭園の伝統の上に禅がその寺院の伽藍のなかに後庭を作庭するとき、禅宗思想、大陸から渡来した思想、芸術、文化を多く取り入れた。
• When the Zen monks were building these gardens in the backyards inside large Buddhist temples, the thought of Zen Buddhism, art, and culture from the Asian Continent, were introduced together with the tradition of Japanese gardens.

• こうした普茶料理は、精進料理というよりは異国情緒を味わうものとして黄檗宗の寺院ばかりでなく、料理屋や文化人など民間でも広く嗜まれた。
• Fucha ryori was widely enjoyed as an exotic tasting dish, and spread among cultured and ordinary people at restaurants rather than being limited to temples of the Obaku sect.

• 「恐るべき戦慄的な情景が展開され、上京は深更から翌日まですべての寺院が焼失し、都周辺の50村が焼け、最後の審判の日さながらであった。
• It was a bloodcurdling, horrible scene; every temple in Kamigyo was burning from midnight till the next day; 50 villages around Kyoto city were burned down; it was as if we were facing Judgment Day.

• 主に、神社用の田である神田、寺院用の田である寺田、官職に応じられて与えられた田である官田をはじめ勅旨田・公廨田などが不輸租田である。
• Fuyusoden mainly included shinden (also referred to as kamita, kanda) which was a paddy field affiliated with a shrine, jiden (also referred to as terada) which was a paddy field affiliated with a temple, kanden (imperial estates) which was a paddy field allotted according to government rank, chokushiden (imperial proprietorships and land), and kugaiden (estates belonging to government officers.)

• ほかの古代の有力寺院を見ても、延暦寺は日吉大社、金剛峯寺は丹生都比売神社、東寺は伏見稲荷大社などといずれも守護神を持つことになった。
• As for other influential temples in the ancient times, Enryaku-ji Temple had Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine, Kongobu-ji Temple had Niutsuhime-jinja Shrine, and To-ji Temple had Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine, as their guardian shrines.

• これによって公家97家、門跡寺院27、比丘尼（尼寺）27、院家12、その他寺院1076、神社365、その他7に対して交付が行われた。
• As a consequence, the documents were issued to 97 kuge, 27 monzeki temples, 27 convents, 12 inge (a branch temple to support services of the main temple), 1076 temples of other types, 365 shrines, and 7 others.

• 真珠庵（しんじゅあん） - 一休宗純ゆかりの寺院で、村田珠光作とされる庭園（史跡・名勝）と、曾我蛇足、長谷川等伯の障壁画で知られる。
• Shinju-an Temple - This temple connected to Ikkyu Shojun is known for its garden (Special Historic Site/Special Place of Scenic Beauty) believed to have been created by Juko MURATA and partition paintings by Jasoku [Dasoku] SOGA and Tohaku HASEGAWA.

• 京都の禅寺は、五山十刹（ござんじっさつ）に代表される、室町幕府の庇護と統制下にあった一派と、それとは一線を画す在野の寺院とがあった。
• The Zen temples of Kyoto consisted of those under the protection and control of the Muromachi Shogunate as typified Gozan-Jissetsu system institutions and those outside of the system.

• 創建当初は弥勒菩薩を本尊としていたが、平安遷都前後からは薬師如来を本尊とする寺院となり、薬師信仰とともに聖徳太子信仰の聖地となった。
• At the time of its founding, the temple was dedicated to the bodhisattva Maitreya but became dedicated to Bhaisajyaguru around the time of the relocation of the capital to Heiankyo and became a place of devotion to Bhaisajyaguru and Prince Shotoku.

• 西芳寺はかつては誰でも参観できる観光寺院であったが、1977年からは一般の拝観を中止し、往復はがきによる事前申し込み制となっている。
• It was originally the case that Saiho-ji Temple was open to the general public but this was stopped in 1977 and currently visitors are only admitted after making an application via return postcard.

• 「神護国祚真言寺」とは、「八幡神の加護により国家鎮護を祈念する真言の寺」という意味で、この寺が密教寺院であることを明確に示している。
• The name 'Jingokokuso-Shingon-ji Temple' means 'Shingon Sect temple that prays for the spiritual protection of the nation by the divine protection of Hachiman' and clearly distinguishes it as an Esoteric Buddhist temple.

• 1161年(永暦2年)から、藤原為光が建立した法住寺を中心とした地域に、為光の寺院を包摂するかたちで後白河上皇の御所がいとなまれる。
• From 1161, the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa exerted cloistered rule from the area around Hoju-ji Temple, constructed by FUJIWARA no Tamemitsu, including the temple itself.

• 清水寺は法相宗（南都六宗の一）系の寺院で、広隆寺、鞍馬寺とともに、平安京遷都以前からの歴史をもつ、京都では数少ない寺院の1つである。
• Kiyomizu-dera Temple is not only a Buddhist temple belonging to a group of the Hosso sect (one of the Nanto rokushu (the six sects of Buddhism which flourished in ancient Nara)), but also one of only a few Buddhist temples with history started before the period when the national capital was transferred to Heian-kyo, along with Koryu-ji Temple and Kurama-dera Temple in Kyoto.

• 香山堂については、1966年の発掘で佐保川の水源地付近の尾根上に寺院跡が確認され、東大寺大仏造立にさかのぼる時期の瓦が出土している。
• Regarding Kozen-do Temple, ruins of the temple were confirmed by an excavation of the site on the mountain ridge near the source of Saho-gawa River in 1966, and tiles which date back to the time of the construction of the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple were unearthed there.

• 日本の伝統的な建築のものとして、寺院建築では真壁 (建築)に仕上げることがあり、書院造等では木連格子（きづれごうし）とすることがある。
• As traditional Japanese buildings, the gable walls of temples may be finished in the shinkabe style (the framing for the wall is set between pillars that remain exposed on both sides when the plastered wall is finished), and buildings in styles such as the Shoin-zukuri style (a traditional Japanese style of residential architecture that includes a tokonoma) may have their gable walls finished using kizure goshi (gable pediments filled with boardbacked, crisscross lattice).

• 「慈恵大師像」と呼ばれる良源の肖像彫刻や画像は鎌倉時代頃の作品が比叡山内の多くの堂や寺院に所在するほか、天台系の寺院に多く伝えられる。
• A lot of Ryogen's sculptures and paintings called 'The image of Jie Daishi,' especially those produced in the Kamakura period, exist in many halls and temples inside the precinct of Mt. Hiei as well as other temples belonging to the Tendai Sect.

• ただし、こうした暴力攻撃も現在では比較的収まってきているが、スパイを送り込んだり、スパイを恐れ正宗寺院の人の出入りの監視を行っている。
• However, this kind of violent attack has relatively calmed down recently, but they sometimes send spies, or they are scared of spies and watch people coming in and out of temples of Shoshu Sect.

• 五山派（ござんは・五山叢林（ござんそうりん）は、五山十刹諸山の制度に組み込まれてその保護・統制下に置かれていた禅宗寺院（禅林）のこと。
• The Gozanha (Gozansorin) are the Zen temples (Zenrin) that were placed under the protection and control of the Gozan-Jissetsu-Shozan system (system of five great temples, ten important temples of the Rinzai sect, and Zen temples other than Gozan and Jissetsu).

• もっともこうした統制について国家が建立した官寺とそれ以外の貴族や民衆によって建てられた民間寺院（私寺）とでは温度差があったともされる。
• In addition, it is also thought that such regulation was different between official temples built by nation and private temples built by nobles and common people.

• 法然上人二十五霊場（ほうねんしょうにんにじゅうごれいじょう）は、浄土宗の開祖である法然上人ゆかりの寺院二十五箇所を巡る霊場巡拝である。
• Honen Shonin Nijugo reijo (25 sacred ground of Honen Shonin) is circuit pilgrimage to 25 temples which are related to Honen Shonin, the founder of the Pure Land sect.

• 神社建築は寺院建築の影響のもとで発生し、日本の上古の建築を復古的に採用し、仏教建築のデザインを意識的に排除しつつ成立したと考えられる。
• Architecture of shrine is believed to have emerged under the influence of ji-in, or Buddhist pagoda, reviving ancient architecture, and in the course of subsequent developments, design elements of Buddhist nature were considered to be intentionally eliminated.

• 茶室の茶室に付随する簡素な庭園は、広大な敷地を持つ寺院などではなく、敷地の限られた都市部の町屋 (商家)において発達したと考えられる。
• It is said that those simple gardens attached to tea rooms were developed in urban Machiya (a traditional form of townhouse found mainly in Kyoto) (mercantile house) with limited premises, not in temples or others with broad premises.

• もう一つ、平安時代後期に盛んに製作されるようになった絵巻物の中にも、寺院の開山縁起や高僧の伝記のような仏教を題材としたものが見られる。
• Furthermore, among the emakimonos (illustrated scrolls) which were widely produced in the late Heian period, we find those whose subject matter is Buddhism such as legends of the temple foundation and biographies of high ranking monks.

• (4) 紀伊山地は神社・寺院建築のたぐいまれな形式の創造の素地となり、それらは日本の紀伊山地以外の寺院・神社建築に重要な影響を与えた。
• (4) Kii Mountain Range served as a foundation to create shrine and temple architecture with a unique style, and they significantly influenced shrine and temple architecture out of Kii Mountain Range in Japan.

• 創建時は薬師金堂、弥勒金堂、四王堂、十一面堂、東西の五重塔などが立ち並ぶ壮大な伽藍を持ち、南都七大寺の1つに数えられる大寺院であった。
• When established, it was a large temple, which was included in the Seven Great Temples of Nanto having magnificent buildings consisting of Yakushikondo (kondo [golden hall] for Yakushi [healing Buddha]), Mirokukondo (kondo for Maitreya-bodhisattva), Shitendo (hall for shitenno), Juichimendo (hall for Juichimen Kannon [eleven-faced Kannon, Goddess of Mercy]), five-story pagodas on the east and west and so on.

• 比叡山延暦寺や高野山金剛峯寺など山中に寺院が建立されることが多くなり、飛鳥や平城京に建立された寺院と異なり自由な伽藍配置となっている。
• There were more temples built in mountainous areas such as Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and Kongobu-ji Temple on Mt. Koya, and these were different from temples built in Asuka or Heijokyo (ancient Nara) and had a more free outlay of temple buildings.

• 神仏分離令は仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが、これをきっかけに全国各地で廃仏毀釈運動がおこり、各地の寺院や仏具の破壊が行なわれた。
• Although the Edict for Separation of Shinto and Buddhism was not issued for the purpose to exclude Buddhism from the country, it triggered a nationwide anti-Buddhism campaign, and people destroyed temples and Buddhist altar fittings across the country.

• これに対して、災いが生じた信者が寺院と巫女（ポサル）に依頼してその都度行われる賽神の儀式は、明らかにシャーマニックな特徴を備えている。
• On the other hand, ceremony of sainokami conducted by temple and miko upon request by devotees who suffered through a disaster has features of shamanism.

• 清盛は藤原邦綱の助言により、殿下渡領・勧学院領・御堂流寺院領を除いた私的家領を後家の盛子に相続させることで、摂関家領の管轄に成功した。
• Following the advice of FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna, Kiyomori arranged for Motozane's widow, Moriko, to inherit the shiteki-keryo (the land for official hereditary Court nobles) excluding Denka-watari-ryo (the land which the Fujiwara family hereditarily succeeded), Kangaku-in-ryo (the land for educational institutions), and Midoryu-jiin-ryo (the land of Buddhist temples which belonged to the family of FUJIWARA no Michinaga), and successfully controlled the sekkan family territories.

• 東福寺の建設工事は30年以上に亘って続き、法堂（はっとう、顕教寺院の「講堂」にあたる）が完成したのは文永10年（1273年）であった。
• Construction work on Tofuku-ji Temple spanned over 30 years and its Hatto (lecture hall of an exoteric Buddhist temple) was completed in 1273.

• 浄土宗の宗祖・法然が後半生を過ごし、没したゆかりの地に建てられた寺院で、現在のような大規模な伽藍が建立されたのは、江戸時代以降である。
• The temple was constructed on the site on which Pure Land sect founder Honen spent the latter half of his life and passed away, with the current large monastery being built after the Edo period.

• 和気清麻呂の墓所が今の神護寺境内にあるところから、ここも和気氏ゆかりの寺院であることは確かだが、創立の時期や事情については明確でない。
• It can be determined from the presence of WAKE no Kiyomaro's tomb within the Jingo-ji Temple precinct that this temple is also connected to the Wake clan, but the time and circumstances of its founding are unclear.

• 伝承では、洛北の鷹ヶ峯（京都市北区鷹峯）に鎮座していた愛宕権現を愛宕山に移座した際に、他のいくつかの山岳寺院とともに建立されたという。
• According to legend, it was constructed along with numerous other mountain temples when Atago-Gongen enshrined at Takagamine (Takagamine, Kita Ward, Kyoto City) in Rakuhoku was relocated to Mt. Atago-san.

• だが、「国王の氏寺」と呼ばれた姿は全く失われて、以後恵鎮門流・あるいは黒谷流などと呼ばれた天台宗の一分派の拠点である小寺院に転落する。
• Despite this, it had now completely lost its status as 'The Temple of Kings' and later became reduced to a small temple belonging to a school of Tendai Sect known as Keichin-mon-ryu or Kurotani-ryu.

• 薬師如来を本尊とする寺院の寺号には、「薬師寺」「薬王寺」「医王寺」などのほか、「東光寺」「東明寺」のように「東」の字が付くことが多い。
• Temples of which Yakushi Nyorai is the principal image commonly have names such as 'Yakushi-ji Temple,' 'Yakuo-ji Temple' and 'Io-ji Temple,' or names that include the word 'To' (east) such as 'Toko-ji Temple' and 'Tomyo-ji Temple.'

• 鹿王院は、足利義満が建立した宝幢寺という寺の塔頭（たっちゅう）であった（塔頭とは、禅寺等で歴代住持の墓塔を守るために建立される寺院）。
• Rokuo-in Temple was a sub-temple (a temple established to protect the graves of successive chief priests) of Hodo-ji Temple which was founded by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

• 安国寺 利生塔（あんこくじ りしょうとう）は、南北朝時代 (日本)に足利尊氏・足利直義兄弟が、北海道、沖縄を除く日本各地に設けた寺院。
• Ankoku-ji Temples and Risho-to Pagodas were temples and pagodas established throughout Japan with the exceptions of Hokkaido and Okinawa by Takauji ASHIKAGA and his younger brother Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA during the Northern and Southern Courts period.

• 世界遺産・法隆寺が所在する斑鳩（いかるが）の里には、他にも法起寺、法輪寺 (斑鳩町)、中宮寺など、聖徳太子ゆかりの古代寺院が存在する。
• In the Ikaruga area, where World Heritage Horyu-ji Temple is located, in addition to Hoki-ji, there are many other old temples that have connection with Prince Shotoku, such as Horin-ji Temple (Ikaruga Town), Chugu-ji Temple, and others.

• 彼はローマ帝国の公式宗教として異教を復位させ、キリスト教の寺院を破壊したが、彼の決定は彼の死の後、無効となった（331?年−363年）
• he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363 )

• この形式の屋根は西洋では少ないが、中国、韓国、日本、台湾のほか、ベトナム、タイ王国、インド、インドネシア等、東洋の寺院でも良く見られる。
• Though rarely seen in Western countries, roofs of this type are used in temples in Eastern countries, such as Viet Nam, Kingdom of Thailand, India and Indonesia, in addition to China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

• こうした普茶料理は、精進料理というよりは異国情緒を味わうものとして、黄檗宗の寺院ばかりでなく、料理屋や文化人など、民間でも広く嗜まれた。
• Fucha ryori cuisine was enjoyed not only by monks at temples of the Obaku sect, but also by civilians, especially intellectual people, and was served at restaurants as a means of savoring exoticism, rather than Shojin ryori.

• しかしスダッタが本当に金貨を敷き詰め始めたため、ジェータ太子は驚いて、そのまま土地を譲渡し更に自らも樹木を寄付して、寺院建設を援助した。
• On seeing Sudatta starting to spread gold coins, Prince Jeta was so surprised that he not only gave Sudatta the land, but also supported the construction of the temple by donating trees.

• 後に僧侶の身分分化が進み、公卿などの出身である学侶が寺院内の要職を独占して寺院の経営にも関与しようとすると、行人とともに激しく抵抗した。
• Later, once the status of the priest was subdivided and Gakuryo of aristocratic origins occupied the important posts in the temple and tried to become involved in the management of the temple, Gyonin offered strong resistance.

• 管長を古義派（金剛峯寺・教王護国寺）と新義派（智積院・長谷寺）の4寺院から互選することとなり、東寺は管長を選出する四本山の一つとなった。
• The chief abbot was selected from the four temples of the Kogi school (the Kongobu-ji Temple and the Kyoogokoku-ji Temple) and the Shingi school (the Chishaku-in Temple and the Hase-dera Temple), and the To-ji Temple was one of the four head temples which selected a chief abbot.

• 祭神の決定、寺院の廃合、僧侶の神職への転向、仏像・仏具の取り壊し、仏事の禁止、民間への神道強制などを急激に実施したために大混乱となった。
• Because various actions were taken hastily, including the decision of enshrined deities, the elimination of temples, Buddist priests' conversion to Shinto priests, the destruction of Buddhist statues and Buddhist tools, the prohibition of Buddhist rites and the compulsion of citizens' conversion to Shinto, the society became chaotic.

• 寺請証文（てらうけしょうもん）は、江戸時代の寺請制度において、寺院が檀家に対して自己の檀家であることを証明するために発行した文書のこと。
• Terauke shomon was a certificate issued by Buddhist temples to danka (supporter of a Buddhist temple) in order to prove that they were actually the danka of the relevant temple under the Terauke seido (the system in which the public should be registered in any one of the designated temples to prove their Buddhist faith) in Edo period.

• 例えばその寺院の全構成員を集める満寺集会（まんじしゅうえ）に対して寺院を構成する個別の院家や身分階層ごとに構成される集会などが存在した。
• For example, there existed the shue by each Inge (a branch temple to support services of the main temple) which consisted of the temples or the shue by each status hierarchy, which were contrary to manji shue (all number temples' gathering) which gathered all the members of the temples.

• 一般にはこれらの大規模な遺跡は「石窟」「石窟寺院」などと呼び、朝鮮半島や日本などに分布する、比較的小規模な造像を「磨崖仏」と称している。
• Generally these large sites are called 'a stone cave' or 'a stone cave temple,' while comparatively smaller statues in Korean peninsula and Japan are called 'Magaibutsu.'

• 平安時代の末期には、第二次性徴に達し元服・裳着を迎えるにあたって女性のみならず男性貴族、平氏などの武士、大規模寺院における稚児も行った。
• In the late Heian period, not only did girls who had shown secondary sex characteristics or who had attended coming-of-age ceremony, but male nobles, Samurai in the Taira clan, and children in a festival procession in big temples or shrines also practiced tooth blackening.

• 門前町（もんぜんまち）とは、有力な寺院・神社の周辺に、社寺関係者および参拝客を相手にする商工業者が集まることによって形成された町のこと。
• Monzen-machi means a town around an influential temple or shrine that was developed after merchants and manufacturers gathered there to conduct business, targeting workers and visitors of the shrine or temple.

• 741年（天平13年）以降、国ごとに国分寺と国分尼寺が建てられることになったが、それ以前から国府機能と密着した付属寺院を持つ国もあった。
• A provincial monastery and provincial nunnery had officially been built by each province since 741, however some provinces had already built their own temple having a collusive relationship with 'Kokufu.'

• 祠堂銭として集められた金銭を資金として寺院の内外に貸付を行い、その利息により寺院の管理・運営の維持を図ったり、社会事業の財源などとした。
• Using gathered Shidosen funds, monks engaged in moneylending both inside and outside of the temples, using the interest for social work in addition to continuously managing and maintaining the temples.

• 歴代の足利将軍は禅宗に帰依し、これを保護したため、京都を中心に禅宗寺院が隆盛し、そこから造園、文学、茶道など、さまざまな文化が生まれた。
• Successive shoguns of the Muromachi bakufu devoutly believed in and patronized the Zen sect of Buddhism, so Zen-sect-style temples were constructed one after another mainly in Kyoto, and these temples became the stage of various kinds of culture, such as landscape gardening, literature, and Japanese tea ceremony.

• （水稲）稲作に始まり、後には仏教や寺院建築技術などを日本に持ち込み、古代日本における文化・政権形成に大きな役割を演じたと考えられている。
• It is thought that they played an important role in the formation of culture and administration in ancient Japan by beginning with rice cultivation (wet rice culture) and by bringing Buddhism and temple architecture to Japan later.

• 更に有力な僧侶が実際には居住していない遠方の寺院の住持を兼ねる場合には「坐公文」（いなりのくもん）と呼ばれる特殊な補任状も出されている。
• The special buninjo called `Inari no kumon' is issued when an influential monk assumes another post as a chief priest of a temple where he doesn't actually live.

• また、頼朝の父の菩提寺勝長寿院の造営に関しては頼朝とともに造営の下見をしたり、同寺院の落成式には頼朝の姉妹である妻とともに参列している。
• Also, when Yoritomo's built Shochojuin Temple, the family temple dedicated to his father, Yoshiyasu went with Yoritomo to the site of construction for a preliminary inspection, and when the temple was completed, he and his wife, the sister of Yoritomo, attended the ceremony.

• 中国から日本にもたらされた茶は、南宋に渡った栄西が「喫茶養生記」で茶の効能を説いたように、当初は寺院での修行や薬用として飲用されていた。
• Tea brought from China to Japan was drunk for medical purpose as Eisai, who had been to Southern Song (dynasty of China) and explained the effects of tea in his 'Kissa Yojoki' (Drink Tea and Prolong Life, a Note on Drinking Green Tea for Good Health).

• 黄檗宗大本山である萬福寺の建築、仏像などは中国様式（明時代末期頃の様式）でつくられ、境内は日本の他の寺院とは異なった空間を形成している。
• The Obaku Sect's head temple, Manpuku-ji Temple houses Buddhist statues that are Chinese in style (the style that was prevalent around the end of the Ming dynasty) and the temple precinct is arranged differently to other Buddhist temples in Japan.

• 864年（貞観6年）安恵により創建された寺院であり、当初天台宗であったが元禄年間（1688年～1704年）に再興され臨済宗に改宗された。
• The temple was founded by Ane in the year 864 as a Tendai Sect temple but was restored and converted to the Rinzai Sect during the Genroku era (1688-1704).

• 開山として招かれたのが天台宗僧であること、境内地が蓮華寺という寺院の跡地であったことから、寺号が改められ、天台宗に帰属するようになった。
• Because a Tendai Sect monk was invited to serve as head priest and the fact that the temple precinct was previously the site of a temple named Renge-ji Temple, the newly rebuilt temple was given this name and devoted to the Tendai Sect.

• 国分寺（こくぶんじ）、国分尼寺（こくぶんにじ）は、741年（天平13年）、聖武天皇が国情不安を鎮撫するため、各令制国に建立を命じた寺院。
• Provincial temples (kokubunji) and provincial nunneries (kokubunniji) are temples and nunneries that were established in each province of Japan in the year 741 by Emperor Shomu in order to pacify national unrest.

• 室町時代になると、仏教信仰が庶民の間にも広まり、各地の寺院に願い事を行うのが一般的となり、願い事を書いた祈願文が奉納されるようになった。
• Buddhism disseminated to the common people during the Muromachi period and it became commonplace to pray at temples throughout the country, with prayers being written down and offered to the temple.

• 阿弥陀仏や浄土を瞑想することを特に要さないため、特別な修行や浄土を観想するための建築空間（寺院・堂）や宗教美術（仏像・仏画）は不要である。
• It did not need to mediate Amitabha Buddha and the Pure Land in particular, so architected spaces (temples and halls) and religious arts (statues and pictures of Buddha) were not necessary either.

• その内容としては直接民衆に説いて念仏・誦経などの行為を勧める者や寺院・仏像などの新造あるいは修復・再建のために浄財の寄付を求める者がいた。
• Specifically, some monks directly encouraged people to recite nenbutsu (Buddhist prayers) or jukyo (chanting or reading the sutras), and others called for people to offer money for building, repairing and remodeling a new temple or statue.

• ただしその外周地域でもこの風習は知名度が高く、県東部（備後国）の三原市・尾道市・福山市でも寺院や地域によって行っているところもかなりある。
• Even in the outskirts this custom is well-known, so Mihara City, Onomichi City, and Fukuyama City - all situated in the prefectural eastern area (once called Bingo Province) - have quite a few temples and spots that preserve the custom.

• 従って、前近代における寺院法は治教権に基づく法制が多くを占めており、狭義においては治教権に基づく法制のみを「寺院法」と呼称する場合がある。
• For this reason, laws based on chikyo-ken accounted for a major part of the Jiin-ho before modern times, and sometimes, in a stricter sense, only the legislations grounded in chikyo-ken are called 'Jiin-ho.'

• 現在、日蓮宗を構成している祖山1(総本山）、霊蹟寺院14（大本山7、本山7）、由緒寺院42（本山42）については上記各門流を抱合している。
• Today some temples belong to the Nichiren sect including one Sozan (Sohonzan), fourteen Reiseki-jiin (temples having holy relic including seven Daihonzan and seven Honzan) and fourty-two Yuisho-jiin (temples of a long history including fourty-two Honzan) accept such schools.

• 高野山真言宗の寺院住職に補任されて、20年を経るなど、高野山真言宗の定める要件を満たすと、名誉住職（めいよじゅうしょく）の称号が許される。
• when he fulfills the requirements set by the Koyasan Shingon sect such as serving out as the chief priest of a temple belonging to Koyasan Shingon sect for 20 years, he would be admitted the title of a honorary chief priest.

• 彼は浄土僧でもあり、寺院に伝承される雅楽や歌謡を修め、また当時来日していた明人の鄭家定に古琴（きん）を学び、 これらから箏曲を作り出した。
• Kenjun, a Jodo priest, mastered gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) and Kayo (songs and ballads) that had been handed down to the monks of his temple, and learned how to play the Kokin (Chinese zither with 3000 year history) from Teikatei, a Chinese musician who was in Japan at that time; drawing on what he had learnt, he began making Sokyoku music.

• 室町時代後期の1478年に蓮如によって山科本願寺が建てられ、長大な土塁に囲まれた寺院群と寺内町が山科盆地の大きな面積を占めるようになった。
• Since Yamashina Hongwan-ji Temple was founded by Rennyo in 1478 of the late Muromachi period, temples and their precinct towns surrounded by long earthworks started to occupy a large area of the Yamashina Basin.

• まず、鎮護国家とされる国家によって官寺と呼ばれる寺院の建立・維持が行われて国家と皇室の安泰を祈るための法会が行われたという事実は存在する。
• First of all, in fact, the temples called kanji had been erected and maintained by so called Chingokokka, and Buddhist services had been held to pray for peace and security of the country and the Imperial Family.

• 祠堂銭（しどうせん）とは、故人の冥福を祈るために祠堂（御霊屋・持仏堂とも）の管理・修繕費用あるいは供養費用として寺院に寄進する金銭のこと。
• Shidosen were funds donated to temples for memorial services for the deceased and for the management and upkeep of shido (also known as mitamaya (a place where spirits are enshrined) or jibutsu-do hall).

• キリスト教に入信した大名とその配下達の中には、宣教師たちの意見を聞き入れ領地内の寺院や神社を破壊したり焼き払うなどの行動を取った者もいた。
• Among those who became Christians, some daimyo and their retainers took heed of the missionaries' views and chose to burn or knock down temples and shrines in their territory.

• 京内寺院の主要なものは、大安寺、薬師寺、興福寺、元興寺（以上を四大寺と称した）で、これらは藤原京から遷都に際して順次移転されたものである。
• The major temples constructed in the capital were Daian-ji Temple, Yakushi-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and Gango-ji Temple (together called the four great temples), and each were relocated one by one when the capital was transferred from Fujiwara-kyo.

• 同寺は末寺の中でも歴史が長く信徒も大勢いたこと、堅田が琵琶湖水運の拠点として栄えていた事から、本願寺に勝るとも劣らない裕福な寺院であった。
• This temple had many followers because it had the longest history among the branch temples and Katata prospered as a base of the water transport of Lake Biwa, which made it as rich as Hongan-ji Temple.

• 吉野朝廷の熊沢天皇と名乗った熊沢寛道は、明治39年ごろ南朝方の寺院から盗まれた宝が古物商を経て天津教が買いとったと推測し、返還を要求した。
• Hiromichi KUMAZAWA, who proclaimed himself as Emperor Kumazawa of the Yoshino Court, surmised that treasures stolen from temples of the Southern Court around 1906 were bought by Amatsukyo through a secondhand dealer and demanded their return.

• 快慶は運慶とともに、平重衡の兵火（治承4年・1180年）で壊滅的な被害を受けた東大寺、興福寺など南都の大寺院の復興造仏事業にたずさわった。
• With Unkei, Kaikei was involved in the rebuilding project of major temples in Nara, including Todai-ji Temple and Koufuku-ji Temple, which had sustained devastating damage when TAIRA no Shigehira ordered the burning of the city in 1180.

• この時、摂関家家司の藤原邦綱は殿下渡領・勧学院領・御堂流寺院領を除く膨大な私的家領・代々の日記宝物・東三条殿を盛子が伝領するよう策動した。
• On this occasion, FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna, Keishi of Sekkan-ke schemed to have Seishi take over a large volume of land for private use of the family --excluding denka no watari-ryo (the land to which the Fujiwara family succeeded by inheritance), Kangaku-in-ryo (the land for educational institutions), Midoryu-jiin-ryo (the land of Buddhist temples which belong to the family of FUJIWARA no Michinaga)--as well as diary treasures and Higashi Sanjo-dono Palace inherited from generation to generation..

• 仏教が中国に伝来し、寺院が建立され始めた紀元前2世紀には、既に寺院を構成する建物として仏舎利を祀る塔と共に仏堂が建立されていたようである。
• When Buddhism was brought to China in the second century BC and temples first began to be built, it appears that Buddha halls were already being constructed along with pagodas used to enshrine Buddha's ashes as essential elements of a temple.

• この寺は、992年（正暦3年）に天台宗の寺院として創建されたのに始まり、1307年（徳治3年）当時の住職が日蓮宗に改宗して妙泉寺と号した。
• The temple began as a Tendai Sect temple founded in the year 992 but the head priest in 1307 converted to the Nichiren Sect and changed the name of the temple to Myosen-ji Temple.

• 寺院も神社も（神も仏も）信仰の対象としては変わりなく、明治の神仏分離令以前は、特に区別する必要が無ければ両方含めて扱われることも多かった。
• Until the Meiji edict ordering the separation of Buddhism and Shinto, Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines (Buddhist deities and Shinto Kami) were worshipped as single entities and treated in the same manner unless there was a need to make a distinction.

• しかし、そのために檀越を持たなかったため、明治時代の廃仏毀釈によって、その殆どの寺院が神社に転向したか消滅したりして、急速に数を減らした。
• However, this meant that such institutions had no supporting parishioners, so their numbers decreased rapidly when the majority were converted to Buddhist temples or disappeared during the anti-Buddhist movement of the Meiji period.

• 1872年（明治5年）には追い討ちをかけるように修験道廃止令が発布され、1874年（明治7年）には中心寺院の金峯山寺も廃寺に追い込まれた。
• To make it worse, a decree dismissing Shugendo was promulgated in 1872, forcing Kinpusen-ji Temple, the pivotal temple, to be abolished in 1874.

• 下総塚古墳の東側に位置する借宿集落は寺院跡（借宿廃寺）がみつかっており、北東約2キロメートルには律令時代の役所跡である関和久官衙遺跡がある。
• In the Kariyado community on the east side of the Shimousazuka tumulus, the former site of a temple (called Kariyadohai-ji Temple) was found, and at the location in an approx. 5 km north of the Shimousazuka tumulus, the former site of Sekiwagu Kanga, a governmental office in the ritsuryo (codes-based) period, exists.

• 子弟らは荘園を所有しておりその経済力を背景とした政治力をもって、受け入れた寺院内の支配権を掌握するようになり、各門流を継承するようになった。
• The children had a Shoen (i.e. a manor) and came to take control of accepted temples by political power due to their economic power so that they ultimately came to succeed each monryu.

• 一方、京都の寺院では、特に賓客用の精進料理を料理屋に一任したことが多かったため、寺院よりも周辺の料理屋に高度な精進料理が存在することが多い。
• On the other hand, many temples in Kyoto relied on outside restaurants for preparing Shojin ryori for important guests and as a result, advanced Shojin ryori are available at such nearby restaurants rather than at the temples.

• 密教の曼荼羅などには、さまざまな印相を結ぶ仏、菩薩像が表現されているが、ここでは日本の寺院などで見かける代表的なもの数種類について略説する。
• Buddhas and Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) assuming various forms of inso are depicted in mandala (place of practicing Buddhism to attain spiritual enlightenment) of Esoteric Buddhism; however, this column briefly explains about several typical types of inso that are seen in Buddhist temples, and so on.

• また、幕府は、僧侶を統制するために寺院諸法度を設けると共に、「寺請制度」や「本末制度」を整備することで、仏教に対する積極的な統制をはかった。
• With the enactment of Jiin Sho-Hatto to control the priests, the Edo bakufu also established 'Terauke seido' (the system of organizing whole temples in Japan with the registration of follower families) and 'Honmatsu seido' (the system of head and branch temples) aiming to firmly control Buddhism.

• 平安時代に入って律令国家が解体していくと、僧尼令など統教権に基づく法制が有名無実化していき、もっぱら治教権に基づく寺院法が中心となっていく。
• In the Heian period, when the nation governed based on the principles of the ritsuryo legal code started to fall apart, legal systems based on tokyo-ken such as soniryo became unsubstantial and Jiin-ho grounded in chikyo-ken became the mainstream.

• 住職と名誉住職の、寺院内での職務上の権利の差異はほとんどないが、名誉住職に関しては、高野山真言宗管長の被選挙権がなく、制限が設けられている。
• There is little difference between the chief priest and the honorary chief priest in their official authorities in the temple, although the honorary chief priest does not have eligibility to run for the chief abbot of Koyasan Shingon sect.

• 法隆寺の古い記録にはこの像に当たるものが見えないことから、造像当初から法隆寺にあったものではなく、後世、他の寺院から移されたものと思われる。
• Since old records of Horyu-ji Temple contain no description about this statue, it is assumed that the statue was not in the Horyu-ji Temple since its construction but was transferred from another temple in later years.

• なお、祈願者本人に代わって参拝することを代参（だいさん）、祈願した神社や寺院に参詣せずその方角に向って参拝することを遥拝（ようはい）という。
• Similarly, to visit a shrine or temple for another person who has a prayer is called daisan, while to pray towards a shrine or temple to which one is making a wish without actually visiting it is called yohai.

• 政治力 - 時の大寺院は、今日でいう治外法権が適用されるような領域であり、その特権に助けられ、市井では生育しにくい産業も朝廷から庇護された。
• Political power - Major temples of those days were granted what is now called extra territorial rights and under the protection of the Imperial Court they were privileged enough to develop industries which could not have been developed in town.

• バーミヤーン、キジル、ミーラン、ベゼクリク等の仏教寺院遺跡には、石・土の壁を飾る壁画があり、ローマ、インド、中国など様々な様式の影響がある。
• There are some wall paintings to decorate stone and earthen walls in the remains of Buddhist temples at Bamiyan, Kizil, Miran, Bezeklik, and so on, and we see that they are influenced from various styles such as Rome, India, China and so on.

• ただし、明治時代の初期に数か町が合併して新たに命名された町、寺院境内地など、従来町名のなかった土地に新たに起立した町名なども一部に存在する。
• However, there are some towns that were established by merger of several towns in the early Meiji period and given a new name, or towns that were newly established in areas that didn't have traditional town names such as precincts of shrines.

• しかし叛乱に興福寺や園城寺などの有力寺院が与したことから、清盛は平氏にとって地勢的に不利な京都からの遷都を目指して福原京福原行幸を決行した。
• However, major temples such as the Kofuku-ji Temple and the Onjo-ji Temple had participated in the rebellion, so Kiyomori decided to have the Emperor visit Fukuhara with the aim of moving the capital from Kyoto, which would place the Taira clan at a geographic disadvantage.

• そのため、公家や寺院、奉公衆・奉行衆などの室町幕府官僚集団などは、段銭免除や京都の幕府倉奉行への直接納付（京済・直進）の特権を幕府から得た。
• This encouraged the court nobles, shrines and temples, and the bureaucratic groupings in the Muromachi bakufu, such as hokoshu (a military post in Muromachi Shogunate) and bugyoshu (group of magistrates), to acquire the privilege from the bakufu either to be exempted from tansen or to pay directly to the bakufu's magistrate in Kyoto, who was in charge of monetary and rice payment to the bakufu.

• 一方で律令制の変質に伴い、大寺社が所領拡大を図る動きが始まり、地方の神宮寺も対抗上、大寺院の別院として認められることを望むようになってきた。
• On the other hand, as the system of the ritsuryo legal codes changed, major temples and shrines had started to aim at territorial expansion while local Jingu-ji Temples had begun to desire to be approved as a branch temple of main temples.

• 710年の平城遷都に際し、当時飛鳥にあった法興寺（元興寺）、大官大寺（大安寺）、薬師寺、厩坂寺（興福寺）などの寺院はこぞって新京へ移転した。
• On the occasion of the national capital transfer to Heijo-kyo in 710, the temples located in Asuka, such as Hoko-ji Temple (also called Gango-ji Temple), Daikandai-ji Temple (also called Daian-ji Temple), Yakushi-ji Temple, and Umaya-zaka-dera Temple (also called Kofuku-ji Temple), all together transferred to Heijo-kyo.

• 当時、廃仏毀釈で大きな打撃を受けた寺院建築の保護が課題となっており、関野貞は奈良・京都の主な建築を調査し、それらの建築年代をまとめていった。
• A key issue in those days was the protection of temple architecture, as many temples had been badly affected by haibutsu-kishaku (the anti-Buddhist movement in the Meiji era that resulted in the destruction of many Buddhist temples), and so Tadashi SEKINO conducted field research to record the year of construction of the major buildings located in Nara and Kyoto.

• 年が明けて治承5年になると清盛は直ちに東大寺や興福寺の荘園・所領を悉く没収して別当・僧綱らを更迭、これらの寺院の再建を認めない方針を示した。
• In the next year (1181), Kiyomori immediately forfeited all the private estates and territory of Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple and reshuffled betto (the head secretary of a temple), Sogo (a monk of a managereal post) and other posts, and indicated a policy not to permit reconstruction of these temples.

• しかも清盛の強い要請により、高倉が譲位後すぐに厳島神社に参詣したことが、延暦寺・園城寺・興福寺など伝統的寺院勢力の危機感を煽ることになった。
• In addition, according to strong request by Kiyomori, Takakura made a pilgrimage to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine soon after his abdication, and this stirred up a sense of crisis on the part of traditional temples such as Enryaku-ji Temple, Onjo-ji Temple, and Kofuku-ji Temple.

• 方丈－「方丈」は禅宗寺院特有の建物で、他宗ではあまり見かけないものだが、禅林寺の方丈は、平面、立面ともに禅宗寺院の方丈と同形式の建物である。
• Hojo (Abbot's Quarters): Hojo are particular to Zen temples and rarely seen in those of other sects but Zenrin-ji Temple's hojo is just like that of a Zen temple in both plan view and elevation view.

• 神護寺は空海が東寺や高野山の経営に当たる前に一時住した寺であり、最澄もここで法華経の講義をしたことがあるなど、日本仏教史上重要な寺院である。
• Jingo-ji Temple occupies an important position within Japanese Buddhism, with Kukai briefly staying here before going on to manage To-ji Temple and Koyasan, and Saicho having conducted a Lotus Sutra lecture at the temple.

• 豊臣秀吉の正室である北政所（高台院）が秀吉の冥福を祈るため建立した寺院であり、寺号は北政所の落飾（仏門に入る）後の院号である高台院にちなむ。
• The temple was established by Kita no Mandokoro (Kodaiin), the lawful wife of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, to pray for the soul of her late husband, and it was named 'Kodai-ji' after the name taken by Kita no Mandokoro when she became a Buddhist nun.

• 1943年(昭和18年)頃、瓦が出土することから寺院跡として注目されはじめ、1966年(昭和41年)の発掘調査で建物の瓦積基壇が発見された。
• In 1943, the area began to receive attention as a temple site after the excavation of roof tiles, and this was followed by the discovery of a stacked-tile podium in excavations carried out in 1966.

• 1985年、京都市が市内の観光寺院へ古都保存協力税の特別徴収義務者を依頼したが清水寺は拒否、他の寺と古都税騒動と呼ばれる政治事件を起こした。
• When Kyoto City tried to designate the temples in the city where tourists frequently visit as agents responsible for paying a special tax, the so-called 'Kyoto Old Capital Preservation Cooperation Tax' in 1985, Kiyomizu-dera Temple rebuffed it and caused political trouble called the 'Koto-zei-sodo' (dispute over the old capital tax) in concert with other temples.

• 毎年、寺院ないし宮司に1人分の叙爵権を付与し、寺院及び宮司は叙爵希望者より叙料を納めさせることで、従五位下に叙爵させることができるとされた。
• Each year a temple, shrine or guji could grant the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) to one person who desired the rank and who had paid a joryo (a fee to obtain the rank).

• 林の中には、美しいバンガローや（捨てられた修道院のような）ヴィバーラ、そして、インド建築の粋というべき装飾に満ちた、壮麗な寺院が見えていた。
• in the midst of which were seen picturesque bungalows, viharis (like abandoned monasteries) and marvelous temples enriched by the exhaustless ornamentation of Indian architecture.

• そしてフィリアス・フォッグは、この家に住んでから初めて、ウエストミンスター寺院の時計が十一時半を打っても、リフォーム・クラブに行かなかった。
• and Phileas Fogg, for the first time since he had lived in that house, did not set out for his club when Westminster clock struck half-past eleven.

• 現在、浄土真宗宗派加盟の10派ほか諸派に分かれているが、宗全体としては、日本の仏教諸宗中、最も多くの寺院（約22,000ヶ寺）、信徒を擁する。
• Currently, it is made up of 10 schools affiliated to Jodo Shinshu sects and other schools, and as a whole sect, it has the most temples (about 22,000 temples) and followers among Japanese Buddhist sects.

• 写経は、印刷技術が発展していなかった時代には仏法を広めるため、またはひとつの寺院でも複数の僧侶で修行・講義・研究するために必要なことであった。
• Shakyo was necessary to spread Buddhism in a time when printing technology had not been developed, and it was also necessary for many priests in a single temple to conduct ascetic practice, to give lectures, and to conduct research.

• ただし、古代においては僧尼令や僧綱など国家が定めた寺院・僧侶統制の仕組があり、実際に集会が合議機関として機能するのは、平安時代後期以後である。
• However, in ancient times, there were the system of control over the temples and Buddhist priests such as Soniryo (Regulations for Priests and Nuns) and Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) and so on, which the nation laid down and it was after the late Heian period that in fact shue functioned as the council institution.

• 神宮寺の建立により、神社は仏教建築の直接の影響にさらされたが、隣接するためにかえって神社建築と寺院建築の差異を求めるようになったと考えられる。
• After jinguji temples had started being built, Shinto Shrines were exposed to the influence of Buddhist architecture; however, having been built side by side, differentiation of shrine and Buddhist architecture from each other became rather desirable.

• 平安時代頃から、真言宗、天台宗等の大規模寺院において、剃髪しない少年修行僧（12～18才くらい）が現れはじめ、これも稚児と呼ばれる様になった。
• Since around the Heian period, young trainee monks (age 12 to about 18) who did not shave their heads began to appear at the large-scale temples of the Shingon and Tendai sects of Buddhism, and these boys came to be called chigo.

• これによって平安時代中期から培われた僧坊酒の伝統は衰滅していき、のちに寺そのものが再建されても、もはや醸造技術が寺院に復活することはなかった。
• This caused a decline in the tradition of Soboshu since the middle of the Heian period, and brewing techniques never revived even after temples themselves were revived.

• その背景には、檀家制度が破綻し経営が苦しくなった多くの寺院が大手墓石業者とタイアップし水子供養を大々的に宣伝し始めたことが大きく影響している。
• The reason behind this is largely due to the start of an extensive advertisement for mizuko kuyo by the temples which were in financial troubles as a result of the downfall of parishioner system and have arranged tie-ups with large grave stone companies.

• 朱印地・黒印地（しゅいんち・こくいんち）とは、江戸時代に幕府・大名より神社・寺院の領地として安堵（領有権の承認・確認）された土地のことである。
• The term Shuinchi/Kokuinchi means the lands which were secured (approval/confirmation of ownership) by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)/daimyo (feudal lords) in the Edo period as the property of shrines/temples.

• それはおもに東北地方平泉の中尊寺金色堂、陸奥国の白水阿弥陀堂、伯耆国の三仏寺、豊後国の富貴寺など、寺院建築の遺構にその傾向が顕著にうかがえる。
• Those tendencies were prominent in structural remnants from temple architecture such as; the Chuson-ji Temple Konjiki-do Hall (golden hall) in Hiraizumi in Tohoku region, the Shiramizu Amida-do Hall (temple hall having an enshrined image of Amitabha) in Mutsu Province, the Sanbutsu-ji Temple in Hoki Province, and Fuki-ji Temple in Bungo Province.

• 当時の有力者の日記には「山門惣持院炎上」（満済准后日記）などと記載されており、根本中堂の他にもいくつかの寺院が全焼あるいは半焼したと思われる。
• In the diary of a powerful figure of the time it was written that 'Sanmon Soji-in Temple burned up' (Diary of Mansai Jugo); so it is thought that a few other temples beside Konpochudo Hall were burned either completely or partially.

• 仁和寺はその後も皇族や貴族の保護を受け、明治時代に至るまで、皇子や皇族が歴代の門跡（住職）を務め、門跡寺院の筆頭として仏教各宗を統括していた。
• Ninna-ji Temple therefore enjoyed the protection of the Imperial family and nobles; until the Meiji period princes and members of the Imperial family served as Monzeki (chief priests), controlling all sects of Buddhism as the head of Monzeki Temples.

• 神護寺は、いずれも和気氏の私寺であったと思われる「神願寺」と「高雄山寺」という2つの寺院が天長元年（824年）に事実上合併してできた寺である。
• Jingo-ji Temple is believed to have been established in the year 824 as a merger of two private Wake clan temples 'Shingan-ji Temple' and 'Takaosan-ji Temple.'

• 杉木立の中に建つ往生極楽院の写真は旅行案内書等にしばしば使われ、大原のシンボルともなっている（三千院と往生極楽院は元来は別々の寺院であった）。
• Photographs of Ojo Gokuraku-in Hall standing among the Japanese cedar trees are frequently featured in media such as guidebooks and the image has become something of a symbol for Ohara (Sanzen-in Temple and Ojo Gokuraku-in Hall were originally separate temples).

• 中世の勧修寺は現在の京都市山科区勧修寺一帯を領するほか、各地に広大な寺領をもち、真言宗小野流の中心寺院、皇室ゆかりの寺院として最盛期を迎えた。
• During the middle ages, Kaju-ji Temple controlled the present-day Kaju-ji area of Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City in addition to possessing expansive areas of land in other areas, and prospered as a temple that was both central to the Shingon Sect's Ono-ryu sub-school and enjoyed connections to the Imperial family.

• 笠置山はこうした巨石信仰、山岳信仰が仏教思想と結び付き、山中の巨岩に仏像が刻まれ、次第に仏教寺院としての形を整えていったものと推定されている。
• It is hypothesized that mountain worship and megalithic religion became syncretized with Buddhist concepts at Mt. Kasagi, followed by the carving of the Buddhist image in the large rock and the gradual formation of a Buddhist temple.

• 上述のような文人たちの協力を得て造営されたことにより、蓮華寺は黄檗宗の様式の建築と江戸初期の池泉鑑賞式の典型ともいえる庭園をもつ寺院となった。
• It was the cooperation of these men of culture that resulted in Renge-ji Temple possessing its Obaku Sect style buildings and early Edo period archetypal pond appreciation style garden.

• 中でも天禄元年（970年）定昭の創立した一乗院と寛治元年（1087年）隆禅の創立した大乗院は皇族・摂関家の子弟が入寺する門跡寺院として栄えた。
• Above all, Ichijo-in Temple (founded by Josho in 970) and Daijo-in Temple (founded by Ryuzen in 1087) flourished as monzeki temples where children of the imperial family and sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) entered the priesthood.

• 奈良時代の法華寺は東西両塔をもつ大寺院であったが、平安京遷都以後は次第に衰微し、平安時代末期にはかなり荒廃していたことが当時の記録から伺える。
• Hokke-ji Temple in the Nara period was a large temple with both east and west pagodas, but after the transfer of the national capital to the city of Heian-kyo, it gradually declined and the record in the late Heian period shows that the temple almost came to ruin around that period.

• 天皇陵や寺院に建てられていることもあるが、一般的には神社を象徴するものとして捉えられており、神社の地図記号は鳥居を図案化したものになっている。
• Although some torii have been built at imperial tombs and Buddhist temples, a torii is typically a symbol of Shinto shrines and a symbol representing a gate is used on maps to identify shrines.

• 飛鳥時代には法興寺、斑鳩寺（現在の法隆寺）、現在の四天王寺など、立派な仏塔を備えた寺院が建立されているが、これらの仏塔は仏舎利を祭るものである。
• During the Asuka period, temples with outstanding stupa, such as Hoko-ji Temple, Ikaruga-dera Temple (now Horyu-ji Temple), and the existing Shitenno-ji Temple, were built, whose stupa were dedicated to Buddha's sariras.

• 中国で仏教寺院の伽藍について知られる最古の例は、『呉志』に、後漢時代末に笮融（さくゆう）が徐州に建てたと記されている「浮屠祠」（ふとし）である。
• The oldest example of garan in the Buddhist temples of China is '浮屠祠 (futoshi),' which was described in the '呉志 (goshi)' as a garan built in Xuzhou by 笮融 (sakuyu) at the end of the Houhan period.

• 山田寺塔心礎（さんでんじとうしんそ）は、岐阜県各務原市蘇原寺島町にある飛鳥時代（7世紀後半）に造られた古代寺院山田寺の塔心礎（塔の心柱の礎石）。
• The remain of Sanden-ji Temple is the stone foundation for the central pillar of a pagoda in the old-days Sanden-ji Temple, established in Asuka period (late 7th century) in Sohara Terajima-cho, Kagamihara City, Gifu Prefecture.

• 戦国時代 (日本)の頃から宗派としての色合いを帯びはじめたが、大念仏寺の法統が何度も絶え、融通念仏の寺も他宗派の寺院となり勢いは振るわなかった。
• It began to have color as a sect around the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), but the tradition of Dainenbutsu-ji Temple was stopped several times and the temples of the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect became other sect's temples and lost traction.

• 元来仏壇といえば、須弥壇のことであったが、中世になって寺院仏堂の仏壇を「須弥壇」と呼び、家の中に仏を祀る厨子のことを「仏壇」というようになった。
• The word 'Buddhist alter' originally referred to Shumidan, but in medieval times the Buddhist alter in Buddhist temples came to be called 'Shumidan' and the zushi where Buddha was enshrined in houses came to be called the 'Buddhist alter.'

• なお、鎌倉時代以後、寺院内部において僧侶大衆 (仏教)が経典の講義を行う勧学会あるいは勧学講と呼ばれる儀式が有力寺院を中心に行われるようになる。
• In addition, in and after the Kamakura period, ceremonies called Kangakue and Kangakuko, in which teaching of sutras were held by a group of priests, began to be held in powerful temples.

• 江戸時代に戸籍管理を目的として、仏教宗派のいずれかの寺院か、神社への帰属が義務付けられた事によって様々な習慣が生まれたが、今は希薄となっている。
• In the Edo period, for the purpose of family registration control the public were required to belong to a temple of any sect or a shrine, which gave rise to various customs but those customs have become less common today.

• この地は洛中から京都の住民の葬地であった鳥辺野に入る際の入口にあたる事から、この他にも六道珍皇寺など沢山の寺院が建てられ、信仰の地として栄えた。
• This area was located at the entrance for visiting Toribeno which was a place for the Kyoto residents to be buried, from central Kyoto and, therefore, this area had many temples such as the Rokudochinno-ji (Rokudochinko-ji) Temple constructed therein and was a prosperous place of belief.

• 更に当時の政情不安から信仰に救いを求めた人々からの金銭などの寄進が相次いだこと、同様の理由で防備が頑丈な寺院の倉庫に財物を預ける人々も多かった。
• In addition, due to political instability, a flurry of donations came in from people turning to religion and entrusting their properties to secure, well-built temple warehouses.

• これら2つの寺院は、それぞれ平安京の左京と右京を守る王城鎮護の寺、さらには東国と西国とを守る国家鎮護の寺という意味合いを持った官立寺院であった。
• These two temples were official government temples meant to protect the castles of Heiankyo's Sakyo and Ukyo, and also to protect the eastern and western parts of the country.

• 五山十刹の寺院を「叢林」（そうりん）と称するのに対し、同じ臨済宗寺院でも、大徳寺、妙心寺のような在野的立場にある寺院を「林下」（りんか）という。
• Temples, including those of the Rinzai sect, outside the system such as Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple are known as 'Rinka' in contrast to Gozan-Jissetsu temples which are called 'Sorin.'

• とくに妙法院との関係は密接で、後白河上皇が比叡山の妙法院を京都に移した際、妙法院住職に法住寺、新日吉神社を付託し門跡寺院としたという機縁がある。
• The connection to Myoho-in Temple was so close that when the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa relocated Myoho-in Temple on Mt. Hiei to Kyoto, the head priest of Myoho-in Temple would be sent to Ima Hie-jinja Shrine and Hoju-ji Temple, and there was a chance that is could be considered a Monzeki Temple (a temple traditionally served by head priest related to the Imperial family).

• しかし、こうした国家による寺院の保護・統制政策自体は鎌倉幕府の関東祈願寺、室町幕府の五山十刹、江戸幕府の寺院諸法度などに継承されていると言える。
• However, such state protection and control of temples is said to have lived on in systems such as Kanto Kigan-ji Temples of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Gozan Jussetsu (Five Mountains and Ten Monasteries System) of Muromachi bakufu, and Temple Ordinances of Edo bakufu.

• 多くは明治期の国粋主義に基づく国家神道の流れにより、既に一体化した存在であったものも強制的に神社・寺院に分離させられ一方が廃されることも起きた。
• State Shinto which was based on Meiji era nationalism forced combined shrines and temples to become separated, sometimes resulting in one of the other becoming closed.

• また、『日本後紀』には大同 (日本)元年（806年）、桓武天皇の五七忌が秋篠寺で行われたことが見え、天皇家とも関連の深い寺院であったと思われる。
• 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) says the Buddhist service of the thirty fifth days after death for Emperor Kanmu was held at Akishino-dera Temple and it was apparently deeply related with the imperial family.

• 現在多くの墓地で見られるような位牌を模した角形の墓石は、江戸中期頃からの造立であるが、現在でも多くの墓地や寺院で一般的に五輪塔は見ることができる。
• Tombstones forming rectangular columns modeled after ancestral tablets that are commonly seen in many cemeteries have been made since the middle of the Edo period, but Gorinto are still found in many temples and graveyards today.

• 天台宗…円（天台）・密（密教）・禅（禅宗）・戒（戒律）の四宗を相承した最澄によって日本へ伝えられた宗派であり、本尊も各寺院によってさまざまである。
• Tendai sect - this sect was introduced to Japan by Saicho and inherits teachings from four sects, En (Tendai), Mitsu (Mikkyo), Zen (Zen-shu and Kai (Kairitsu) and the Honzon of each temple varies.

• 日蓮正宗（大石寺）の仏壇は他宗派の仏壇と比べて構造が全く異なり、寺院の厨子に模した扉が内部に取り付けられ、最近では厨子型の仏壇も多く作られている。
• Butsudan of Nichiren Sho Sect (Taiseki-ji Temple) is quite different in configuration from those of other sects, since it is equipped with a door copied from zushi, while, recently, many assembled zushi-type butsudan can be seen.

• 勧学院（藤原氏の大学別曹または諸大寺院が建てた学校）に学んだ後、醍醐寺の元方に師事して出家、また一定（いちじょう）・明珍（みょうちん）らに学んだ。
• After studying at a kangakuin (Fujiwara clan daigaku-besso (academic facility for nobles) or schools established at temples), he entered the Buddhist priesthood under Ganpo of Daigo-ji Temple before going on to study under Ichijo and Myochin.

• 本来、寺院の僧侶は三面僧房で共同生活を送ることが原則とされていたが、僧侶の中には修行に専念するために独自の僧房を設置して独立空間を構える者もいた。
• Originally, it was generally the case that temple monks lived communally in sanmen sobo (monks' dormitories constructed to the north, east and west of the lecture hall) but there were individuals who built their own sobo (living quarters) in order to fully immerse themselves in ascetic practice.

• また、一部の寺院では、現在も直接宿坊を運営する所があり、比較的安価な宿泊料金で、精進料理を味わうことが出来、禅に於いては座禅も体験する事が出来る。
• Also, in the present day there are temples that directly manage shukubo, and people can enjoy shojin ryori (vegetarian dishes) and experience Zen sitting meditation in exchange for relatively inexpensive lodging charges.

• 一般的に中国大陸より初期に渡来した系統の伽藍においては「金堂」、禅宗にあっては「仏殿」、日本的発展を遂げた寺院では「本堂」と称すると理解してよい。
• Generally speaking, it isn't wrong to understand that 'Kondo' is used by temples that were founded in the early stage after Buddhism was introduced from China, that 'Butsuden' is used by the Zen sect, and that 'Hondo'' is used other temples that developed in Japan.

• 桓武天皇（737年 - 806年）が平城京から長岡京・平安京に遷都した背景には、政治への介入著しい南都仏教寺院の影響を避ける目的もあったとされる。
• Behind the relocation of the capital from Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara) to Nagaoka-kyo (the ancient capital of Nagaoka) and Heian-kyo (ancient capital in current Kyoto) by Emperor Kanmu (737 – 806), there was the intention to avoid the influence of Nanto Buddhism temples which significantly interfered with the politics.

• この狭義における寺院法には個々の宗門あるいは寺院が個別の事情に応じて定める成文法と慣習的規範が先例の形式を採って慣習法として機能したものがあった。
• Jiin-ho in this narrow sense was developed in two different ways: one way is that each sect or temple compiled statute laws to suit their circumstances, and the other is that norms served as precedents, establishing the common law.

• 「新仏教」という表現には明恵以下の旧仏教側の改革の動きをも含めて解説し、こうした動きに加わらなかった既存寺院を「従来仏教」「古宗」と表記している。
• He described the term 'new Buddhism' with the explanation of the movement of the reform by the priests of the old Buddhism including Myokei, and defined the temples which did not join in such movement as 'conventional Buddhism' or 'old sect.'

• なお小笠原氏の家紋である三階菱は、本来は加賀美氏の家紋である（現在では遠光ゆかりの寺院のみが、三階菱の中に「王」の文字を入れた原型を用いている）。
• The family crest of the Ogasawara clan, Sangaibishi (three rhombus) was originally that of the Kagami clan (presently only the temple associated with Tomitsu, uses the original crest which has the letter '王' in the Sangaibishi).

• しかし、それを聞いた管外の寺院は、この菊間藩の方針が藩外に波及することを恐れ、その危機感と請書を提出した反感が西方寺・光輪寺に集中する形となった。
• However, the temples out of the village were afraid of spreading the policy of Kikuma Domain and its critical feeling and the sense of aversion of submitting the letter of acknowledgement concentrated in Saiho-ji Temple and Korin-ji Temple.

• また、受戒してからの年数――つまり法臘（戒臘とも）は年功序列制の素となり、寺院内で身を立て、出世していくための「武器」として重視されるようになる。
• In addition, the number of years after pledging oneself to observe the Buddhist commandments, which was called horo or kairo, resulted in producing the seniority system, and this was regarded as a powerful 'weapon' to move up the ladder, pursuing a career in the temple.

• 祖心尼は、家光にも禅を説き、やがて、家光は祖心尼に幕府祐筆の大橋龍慶屋敷跡を寺領を寄進して寺院建立を指示し、祖心尼を開基として済松寺が建立される。
• Soshinni preached Zen even to Iemitsu, and soon after that he donated the land which was the site of residence of Ryukei OHASHI, a former private secretary of the bakufu, to Soshinni and instructed to erect a temple, and thereby the Saisho-ji Temple was erected with Soshinni as its kaiki.

• 1869年（明治2年）、本能寺竜雲院より立退きを求められ、その折、妙蓮寺の日成に願い出て、宥清寺を借り受け、本門法華宗内の佛立講最初の寺院とする。
• In 1869, he was called on to move out of Unryuin of Honno-ji Temple, when he entreated Nissei at Myoren-ji Temple to lease Yusei-ji Temple, and he made Yusei-ji Temple the first Butsuryu association temple within Honmon Butsuryu Sect.

• 近世に再建された三門、仏殿、法堂（はっとう）などの中心伽藍の周囲には多くの塔頭寺院（たっちゅうじいん、子院）が建ち並び、一大寺院群を形成している。
• It is a large temple complex with a central monastery that includes structures such as the recently rebuilt Sammon gate, Butsuden (Buddha hall), Hatto (lecture hall), which is surrounded by numerous sub-temples.

• この神聖で祝福を受けた土地にあるキリスト教・イスラム教の聖地の保護、特にシオニスト過激派による聖アル・アクサ寺院[5]破壊の脅威に立ち向かうこと；
• the protection of our Christian and Islamic holy places on this sacred and blessed land, especially confronting the threats directed against the Holy Al Aqsa Mosque by the Zionist extremists;

• 寺院の中の決められた場所にしか展示できない神々しい彫刻を、どこか決まったところに展示するより、あちこちに送られる胸像はもっと展示しやすいといえる。
• It is easier to exhibit a portrait bust that can be sent here and there than to exhibit the statue of a divinity that has its fixed place in the interior of a temple.

• 現在スリランカ政府は「仏舎利は金銭（布施）による取引で贈与することはなく、奉戴するに相応しい寺院団体を審査のうえで選出し、贈与している」としている。
• The Sri Lankan government says, 'We do not give away Buddha's sariras as an exchange for money (donation), but we give them to the temples that deserve to receive them based on our investigation and selection.'

• 飛鳥時代に着工された寺院は東海地方から山陽地方にかけ40余寺ほどあるが、その大多数は奈良、大阪、京都にあり日本の本格的伽藍の最初のものと考えられる。
• There are approximately 40 temples whose construction work started in the Asuka period in the areas from the Tokai region up to the Sanyo region, most of which concentrated in Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture, and are considered to be the first Japanese full-fledged garan.

• また、官立寺院（官寺）ではない延暦寺に戒壇設置を認められたことに東大寺をはじめとする南都（奈良）の寺院の反発を抱き、両者の対立の原因の一つとなった。
• In addition, Todai-ji Temple and other temples in Nanto (Nara) had antipathy toward the sanction for the construction of kaidan at Enryaku-ji Temple, which was not kanji (state-sponsored temples).

• 「伽藍を守護する」という点では、鎮守も、伽藍神の一種であるといえるが、通例「伽藍神」といえば、禅宗寺院の仏殿等に祀られる、道教神の姿をした像をいう。
• In terms of guarding Garan (Buddhist temples), Chinju (local Shinto deity) can be also considered one of the Garanjin, but 'Garanjin' generally refers to a statue in the shape of a Taoism deity enshrined in a Buddhist sanctum of a temple of the Zen sect or the like.

• 門跡寺院に付属する院家の代表的なものとしては延暦寺の青蓮院、興福寺の一乗院・大乗院、醍醐寺の三宝院、南禅寺の金地院、相国寺の鹿苑院などが挙げられる。
• Typical examples of inge sub-temples attached to monzeki temples include Shoren-in Temple of Enryaku-ji Temple, Ichijo-in Temple and Daijo-in Temple of Kofuku-ji Temple, Sanbo-in Temple of Daigo-ji Temple, Konchi-in Temple of Nanzen-ji Temple, and Rokuon-in Temple of Shokoku-ji Temple.

• 980年（天元 (日本)3年）には勅願所となり、多くの伽藍を有する寺院であったが、天台宗内における内紛やその後の度重なる兵火などにより寺運は衰えた。
• In 980 it was appointed as the place for imperial prayer, which had many temple buildings, but the temple's fortune declined because of an internal conflict within Tendai Sect and later several fires caused by war.

• 一方で、天皇などが建てる寺院が、あくまでも朝廷内では有効法であった私寺建立禁止の規定に反しないように予め定額寺として建立する例が見られるようになる。
• On the other hand, there emerged cases in which temples promoted by emperors and equivalents were first set up as jogakuji to avoid violating a ban on the introduction of private temples, a law that continued to be in effect within the Imperial Court.

• ただし、こうした一連の寺院法が成文法として作成された場合においても、共通の形式をもって作成されたり、法典形式での集成が行われたりすることがなかった。
• However, in such cases where a series of Jiin-ho were made into a statute, there were scarcely cases where they were written in the same style or they were compiled in a form of the code.

• 平安時代の貴族の邸宅や寺院に描かれた障壁画は、中国の故事や風物を描いた唐絵であったが、日本の四季の花鳥風月や風景を主題に選び、独特の画法を確立した。
• The pictures drawn on partitions in aristocratic residences and temples during the Heian period were Kara-e paintings (a Chinese style painting) on which historical events, scenery and customs in China were drawn, but he chose the beauty of nature and seasonal landscapes in Japan as subjects and established his peculiar style of painting.

• 遺存状況が極めて良く、国内では発見例の極めて少ない八角塔が検出され、建築史上重要な寺院跡として、1971年（昭和46年）3月1日に史跡に指定された。
• This site was designated as a National Historic Site on March 1, 1971, because the remains were excellently preserved and an octagonal tower that has been rarely discovered in this country was recognized to have existed, and they are valuable remains of a temple in terms of architectural history.

• 現在でも納経をしないと御朱印がもらえない寺院が存在するが、多くの寺社では少額の金銭（初穂料・御布施）を納めることで御朱印がもらえるようになっている。
• There are still some temples that will not give goshuin unless sutra copies are submitted, but at many temples, goshuin will be given by donating a small amount of money (hatsuho-ryo (ceremony fee) or offerings).

• 京都の町代を務めた古久保家の記録によれば、焼失した町1,424・焼失家屋36,797（65,340世帯相当）・焼失寺院201・焼失神社37とされる。
• According to the records of the Furukubo family who served as the Kyoto chodai (town officials who assist government officials called Machi Doshiyori or Machi Nanushi in the Edo Period), the fire ravaged an area of 1,424 towns and destroyed 36,797 houses (equivalent to 65,340 families), 201 Buddhist temples and 37 shrines.

• 檀家の無い寺院でも、1村に1寺を置く様にし、1村に宗派異なった寺院が混在し、その数が100軒以下の場合は全て他の寺院へ合併　することにしたらどうか。
• Although the temple has no Buddhist parishioner, set one temple in one village, and if it has different religious sects in one village and the number of different religious sects is less than 100, should all of them be merged with the other temple?

• 美術史的立場から見ると、東大寺法華堂（三月堂、羂索堂）は、奈良時代から続く堂で（前身寺院にて詳述）、内部には奈良時代彫刻の優品が多く安置されている。
• From a standpoint of art history, sculptured masterpieces during the Nara period are placed in the Hokke-do Hall (Sangatsu-do Hall and Kensaku-do Hall) of Todai-ji Temple, which was established during the Nara period (for details, see 'Predecessor Temples').

• このうち、金鐘寺と、福寿寺については文献研究や発掘調査による研究がすすんでいて、この二寺院が、後の東大寺とどういう関係にあったのか、調べられている。
• Research on the Konshu-ji and Fukuju-ji Temples has been going on with the study of literature and the excavation of the sites in order to clarify their relationships with Todai-ji Temple built later.

• 建築や寺院の壁面、空間装飾の仕事も多く、京都迎賓館では晩餐室「藤の間」の舞台扉「響流光韻（こおるこういん）」に截金を施すなど多彩な活躍が続いていた。
• She was active in a wide range of works such as architecture, temple walls, spatial decoration, and saikin added to 'Koru Koin' doors in the dinner room of Kyoto State Guest House called 'Japanese Wisteria Room.'

• 京都の北に位置する鞍馬寺は、もともと毘沙門天（四天王のうち北方を守護する）を本尊とする寺院であり、併せて千手観世音と護法魔王尊を祀った寺院であった。
• Kurama-dera Temple, located north of Kyoto, was initially a temple with Vaisravana (of the Four Heavenly Kings, the King protecting the north-side) as its Honzon, and it also enshrined Saharabhuja and Goho Maoson.

• 参道両側に塔頭（たっちゅう、山内寺院）が並び、正面に法堂、その奥に大方丈、小方丈、庫裏（くり）、僧堂、多宝殿などがあるが、いずれも近代の再建である。
• Sub-temples line both sides of the path, which leads to the Hatto (lecture hall), behind which are numerous buildings including the Ohojo (large abbey), Kohojo (small abbey), Kuri (priest's quarters), Sodo (meditation hall), and Taho-den - all of which are modern reconstructions.

• 三重塔（国宝）- 『浄瑠璃寺流記事』によると治承2年（1178年）、京都の一条大宮から移建したとするが、もともとどこの寺院にあったものか不明である。
• Three-storey pagoda (National Treasure): According to 'Joruri-ji Ruki no Koto,' it was relocated from Ichijo Omiya in Kyoto in 1178, but it is not known to which temple it originally belonged.

• だが現実問題として、長年培ってきた経済力、場合によっては軍事力を有する延暦寺以下の既存寺院に対抗して京都の中で独自の教団を打ち立てる事は困難であった。
• However, in reality it was difficult to establish an independent religious organization in Kyoto as opposed to established temples such as Enryaku-ji Temple, which acquired economic power over the years and in some cases had military forces.

• 衆徒（しゅと）は、堂衆（どうしゅ/どうしゅう）とも呼ばれ、本来は平安時代以後に大寺院に居住して学問・修行の他に寺内の運営実務にあたった僧侶身分のこと。
• The term 'shuto,' for which 'doshu' is also used, is a term from after the Heian period that referred to the status of a priest who originally resided in a big temple and was in charge of the management and practical business of the temple as well as studying and practicing ascetic training.

• 大谷道場の御堂は、知恩院造営に先立って1600年（慶長5年）に教如の命によって祐誓が四条富小路に移し、徳勝寺（現・徳正寺。真宗大谷派寺院）を創建した。
• The Otani Dojo hall was moved to Shijo Tomino-koji by Yusei and it had the Tokusho-ji (徳勝寺) Temple (present day Tokusho-ji (徳正寺) Temple. A temple of the Shinshu sect Otani school) built in 1600 before the construction of the Chion-in Temple by an order of Kyonyo.

• また、公家や武家が過差の禁止や神仏興行のための新制を定めると、寺院側もこれに対応した新制を制定したほか、前述のように寺内法に基づく独自の新制を定めた。
• While samurai and the Imperial Court made shinsei to ban luxury and promote Buddhism and Shinto, temples set corresponding shinsei and also established their own shinsei based on Jiin-ho, as mentioned above.

• 霊蹟寺院は日蓮一代の重要な事跡、由緒寺院は宗門史上顕著な沿革のある寺院で、住職(法律上の代表役員）を貫首と称する（中山法華経寺では伝主とされている）。
• Reiseki-jiin' is the important site of Nichiren and 'Yuisho-jiin' has a distinguished history in the history of the sect, and both head priests (legal representative board) are called 'Kanju' (in Nakayama Hokkekyo-ji Temple, the head priest is called 'Denshu').

• (3) 紀伊山地の神社と仏教寺院は、それらに関連する宗教儀式とともに、1000年以上にわたる日本の宗教文化の発展に関するひときわ優れた証拠性を有する。
• (3) The shrines and Buddhist temples in Kii Mountain Range, together with their associated religious rites, are regarded as particularly excellent evidence on the development of Japanese religious culture over 1000 years.

• 朝鮮半島でも統一新羅の時代より貴族や寺院による小規模な荘園が形成されていたが、本格化するのは武人政権の成立、モンゴル帝国の侵略が続いた高麗後期である。
• Also in the Korean Peninsula, small scaled shoens were formed by the aristocrats or temples from the unified Silla period, but they became fully in progress during the late Goryeo period when the military government was established and the attacks of the Mongolian Empire continued.

• そして、金鐘寺と福寿寺の二つの寺院がのちに統合され、大養徳国金光明寺（やまとのくに こんこうみょうじ）と呼ばれる大和国の国分寺となっていったのである。
• Then, Konshu-ji Temple and Fukuju-ji Temple were integrated into a state-supported provincial temple of Yamato Province, which was called Yamato no kuni Kinkonmyo-ji.

• 頼之の施政は、政敵である斯波氏や山名氏との派閥抗争、義詮正室の渋川幸子や寺院勢力介入、南朝の反抗などで難航し、また今川貞世の九州制圧も長期化していた。
• Yoriyuki's administration was bogged down due to power struggles with factions such as the Shiba clan and the Yamana clan, the interference of Yoshiakira's wife Koshi SHIBUKAWA and the temple factions, and the resistance of the Southern Court, and, to add to his problems, there there was no end in sight to the campaign to subdue Kyushu led by Sadayo IMAGAWA.

• 信心深かった正室の影響か、治世は良好で（暴君伝説も伝わるが、定型のもので信じるには足らないと思われる）、寺院の建築、移築を行うなどの治績を残している。
• Might be influenced by his religious lawful wife, he reigned peaceful times and left achievements such as construction and relocation of temples (some hypothesis says he was a tyrant, but they are all stereotypical and not convincing).

• これは、大原に住みついた念仏行者を取り締まり、大原にそれ以前からあった来迎院 (京都市左京区)、勝林院などの寺院を管理するために設置されたものである。
• This was established in order to supervise the Nembutsu practitioners who inhabited Ohara and administer other temples that were already present in Ohara, such as Raigo-in Temple (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) and Shorin-in Temple.

• 高台寺の西側にある塔頭（たっちゅう、付属寺院）の圓徳院がその跡で、北政所は慶長10年（1605年）から寛永元年（1624年）に没するまでここに住んだ。
• A minor affiliated temple Entoku-in stands to the west of Koda-ji Temple as the remains of the Kesho Goten Palace, where Kita no Mandokoro resided from 1605 until her death 1624.

• その結果、例えば入母屋造の礼拝堂を同様式の仏教寺院の本堂と比べると、入り口の位置と祭壇（本堂でいえば本尊）までの動線が90度回転した様相を呈している。
• As a result, a comparison of an irimoya-zukuri style chapel to a Buddhist temple main hall of the same style would show that the line from the position of the entrance to the altar (the principal image in the case of a Buddhist main hall) is rotated by 90 degrees.

• 石山本願寺（いしやまほんがんじ）は、1496年(明応5)、蓮如のときに摂津国石山(大阪市中央区)に建てられ、後に浄土真宗の本山となっていた寺院である。
• Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, was established at Ishiyama in Settsu Province (Chuo Ward, Osaka City) in 1496, during the time of Rennyo, and later became the head temple of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).

• 飛鳥地方にあった7世紀建立の寺院のうち、法興寺（元興寺）、薬師寺、厩坂寺（うまやさかでら、後の興福寺）などは平城京への遷都とともに新都へ移転している。
• Among temples built in the Asuka area during the 7th century, temples such as Hoko-ji Temple (Gango-ji Temple), Yakushi-ji Temple, and Umayazaka-dera temple (later Kofuku-ji Temple) were moved to the new capital along with the transfer of the capital to Heijo-kyo.

• 平安時代末期には強大な武力集団となり、興福寺・延暦寺・園城寺、東大寺などの寺院を拠点として、寺院同士の勢力争いや、朝廷や摂家に対して強訴をくりかえした。
• During the late Heian period, Sohei became powerful armed groups with their stronghold including at Kofuku-ji Temple, Enryaku-ji Temple, Onjo-ji Temple and Todai-ji Temple and were repeatedly involved in power struggles among temples or in acts of menace to the imperial court and Sekke (line of regents and advisers).

• 信徒宅に貸し下げられる本尊は「形木本尊」（特別形木本尊もある）で、信心熱心な信徒が所属寺院を通して総本山に申請すれば「常住本尊」が授与されることもある。
• The Honzon given to followers' homes are 'Katachigi Honzon' (there are also Special Katachigi Honzon), and devout followers can apply for a 'Joju Honzon' to the Grand Head Temple through their affiliated temple.

• また、本尊には書写年月日、所蔵寺院名、安置場所、願主名などが脇書として書かれることもあり、本尊を書写した時の法主の名と判形（花押）も下部に書かれている。
• Additionally, the date of copying, the owning temple name, the enshrinement place, ganshu, name, etc. may sometimes be written on the side of the Honzon, and the Hoshu name of its copying and his hangyo (Kao) are also written at the bottom.

• 現在の托鉢には、集団で自派の檀家の家々（近隣に限らない）を訪問する形態と、個人で寺院の門前や往来の激しい交差点に直立して移動せずに喜捨を乞う形態がある。
• Takuhatsu in present days practices in two manners; that of visiting homes of supporters of the sect in groups, and that of begging for almsgiving by standing without moving in front of gates of temples and on the crossings of busy streets by individuals.

• この国では著名な寺院の本尊で秘仏とされているものが多く、西国三十三箇所の札所寺院をはじめ、札所、霊場などの庶民信仰に支えられた寺院の本尊にも秘仏が多い。
• In this country, hibutsu are often found with Buddhist images that are the principal icons of well-known temples, as well as the temples that are deep-rooted in folk beliefs, including pilgrim stamp offices of the 33 Temples of Saigoku, fudasho (temples where amulets are collected) and those in reijo (sacred ground).

• 江戸時代までは寺院法度によって禁止されていた僧侶の肉食・妻帯を明治政府は「肉食妻帯勝手なるべし」と号令し、戒律を犯させることで僧侶を破戒させようとした。
• Although Buddhist priests' meat-eating and marriage had been banned until the end of the Edo period based on the Act for Temples, the Meiji Government declared 'monks are free to eat meat and marry' and tried to make them depraved by violating the precepts of Buddhism

• また、現地における治安維持あるいは徴税などの荘務の必要から現地の慣習などにも配慮した新たな寺院法が制定され、それが本所法として荘官らによって施行された。
• Also, as there was an increasing need for maintaining security as well as carrying out shomu (management and control of encouragement of agriculture, taxes and so on in shoen) such as tax collections, new Jiin-ho were established taking the local customs into consideration and were enacted as a honjo law by shokan (an officer governing shoen).

• しかしながら大孤の礼拝の所作は、仏教に対する敬虔さを表現しており、伎楽が喜劇的な要素をもちながら、寺院楽として用いられた理由がここにあるという説もある。
• However, the act of Taiko performing the Buddhist service expresses the devout behavior and spirit of people approaching toward Buddhism, which could be the reason that gigaku was performed at Buddhist temples even with the comical aspects of the performance.

• 1945年、サハリン南部には宗教施設が250箇所以上（仏教寺院が150、神社が50、天理教会が50、カトリック教会が4、プロテスタント教会が5）あった。
• In the south part of Sakhalin there were more than 250 religious institutions in 1945 (Buddhist temples 150, [Shinto] Shrines 50, Tenrikyo churches 50, Catholic churches 4, Protestant churches 5).

• 当初真言宗寺院として出発した禅林寺は、中興の祖とされる7世住持の律師・永観 (僧)（ようかん、1033年 - 1111年）の頃から浄土教色を強めていく。
• Though originally devoted to the Shingon Sect, the temple began a shift towards the Pure Land Sect under seventh chief priest and restoration patriarch Yokan (1033 - 1111).

• いわば「かたき」である後醍醐天皇の死去に際して、その菩提を弔う寺院の建立を尊氏に強く勧めたのは、当時、武家からも尊崇を受けていた禅僧・夢窓疎石であった。
• When Takauji ASHIKAGA's enemy Emperor Godaigo died, Zen priest Muso Soseki, who was highly revered by samurai families of the time, strongly recommended that Takauji construct a temple in his memory.

• 高山寺のある栂尾は、紅葉の名所として知られる高雄山神護寺からさらに奥に入った山中に位置し、古代より山岳修行の適地として、小寺院が営まれていたようである。
• The Toganoo area in which Kozan-ji Temple is located is even deeper in the mountains than Takaosan Jingo-ji Temple - known for its red autumn leaves, has long been a place of mountain asceticism and is thought to have once been the site of many small temples.

• 代々法親王が入寺する宮門跡寺院として栄えたが、1470年（文明 (日本)2年）兵火で焼失して衰退し、江戸時代に入って徳川氏と皇室の援助により復興された。
• Kaju-ji Temple prospered as a Monzeki Temple served by Cloistered Imperial Princes but was destroyed by fire in a conflict that took place in 1470 and went into decline before being restored with the aid of the Tokugawa clan and Imperial family during the Edo period.

• 天正17年（1589年）に小早川隆景の寄進によって建立された切妻造・板葺の建物で、日本で現存最古の禅宗寺院の庫裏とされ、禅宗寺院の生活様式を今に伝える。
• This shingled gable roof building that was constructed in 1589 using funds donated by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA is believed to be the oldest surviving Zen temple kuri in Japan and retains a sense of what life was like within a Zen temple.

• 当尾には中世には、都会の喧騒を離れて修行に専念する僧が多数居住し、多くの寺院が建てられたと言われ、今に残る石仏・石塔群はその名残りであるといわれている。
• During the middle ages, Tono was inhabited by many monks who had left the urban hustle and bustle to devote themselves to ascetic practices, and it is said that many temples were built in the area, of which the stone Buddhist images and pagodas that can be seen today are the remains.

• 十一面観音を本尊とし「長谷寺」を名乗る寺院は鎌倉の長谷寺をはじめ日本各地に多く、他と区別するため「大和国長谷寺」「総本山長谷寺」等と呼称することもある。
• Many temples throughout Japan have an Eleven-faced Kannon as their principal object of worship use the name 'Hase-dera Temple', including Hase-dera Temple in Kamakura, and therefore, in order to distinguish the Nara temple from others, it is sometimes called 'Hase-dera Temple of Yamato Province' or 'Sohonzan Hase-dera Temple' amongst others.

• 現在の浄厳院の地には、正平 (日本)年間（1346年 - 1370年）近江国守護佐々木氏六角氏の六角氏頼より建立された天台宗寺院の慈恩寺威徳院があった。
• From 1346 to 1370, the Itokuin of Jion-ji Temple was located in the current location of Jogon-in Temple, which is a Tendai Sect temple built by Ujiyori ROKKAKU of Sasaki clan and Rokkaku clan as Omi-no-kuni shugo (Military Commissioner of Omi-no-kuni).

• 和様建築（わようけんちく）とは、鎌倉時代に中国から伝わった建築様式（大仏様、禅宗様）に対して、それまで日本で寺院建築に用いられてきた寺院建築の様式を指す。
• Wayo Architecture refers to a temple architectural style which had been used in temple architecture in Japan as contrasted with the architectural style (Daibutsu-yo (Buddhist architecture style), Zenshu-yo (Zen-sect-style architecture)) that was introduced from China in the Kamakura period.

• 第二次大戦後、各地の社寺において鉄筋コンクリートの宝物館・収蔵庫の新設が相次ぎ、博物館に寄託されていた仏像等は元の寺院に返還されるケースが多くなっている。
• After World War II, reinforced concrete treasure houses and depositories were newly established one after another in Shinto shrines and temples in each region, and there have been an increasing number of cases where the Buddha statues, etc. which had been deposited in the museum would be returned to the original temples.

• その後、法輪は仏教の教義を示す物として八方向に教えを広める車輪形の法具として具現化され、卍と共に仏教のシンボルとして信仰され、寺院の軒飾りにも使用された。
• After that, Horin was embodied as a hogu (ritual implement) in the shape of a wheel that spreads the creed in every direction indicative of the creed of Buddhism, worshipped as a symbol of Buddhism along with the Buddhist cross, and used as a decoration on the roofs of temples and shrines.

• だが、地方の寺院は「天下十刹」に入っていたものでも結果的にその資格を取り上げられたためにこれに強く反発し、後に枠外として「十刹」に追加される寺院も現れた。
• However, among the regional temples there were some that had been included in the 'ten great temples of Japan' but had eventually been deprived of their designation and therefore protested strongly, and subsequently these temples were added to the 'Jissetsu' as exceptions.

• 一般的に五山以下の寺格が与えられた寺院が臨済宗であったために「五山派＝臨済宗」と考えられがちであるが、実際には臨済宗でも大応派は五山の支配を受けなかった。
• Because the temples ranked under Gozan were mostly Buddhist temples of the Rinzai sect, the Gozanha are often taken as the Rinzai sect; however, the Daioha (Daio school), which in turn belonged to the Rinzai sect, wasn't subject to control by the Gozan system.

• 特に複数の宗派が混在する寺院が多かった平安時代においては、同じ宗派を信奉する僧侶が1つの院家において集団生活を行い、修行・研究の場とするケースも多かった。
• This practice was especially prevalent during the Heian period when there were many temples in which several sects were mixed, as it allowed all monks of the same sect to reside, practice and study within a single inge.

• さらに大同2年（807年）には興福寺の願安が再興したとするが、創建者を役行者とするのはこの種山岳寺院の草創縁起にしばしば見られるもので、伝承の域を出ない。
• Further, it is said Ganan, of Kofuku-ji Temple, restored Kontai-ji temple in 807; however, in the writings about origins it is frequently stated that these sorts of mountain temples were founded by EN no Gyoja, but it doesn't go beyond the patrimony.

• 更に鎌倉時代後期に入ると武家側と対抗するために寺社を本所とする荘園の一円支配が強化され、荘園における本所法の典拠として本所である寺院の寺院法が用いられた。
• Furthermore, in the late Kamakura period, temples tightened the control as honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor) over the shoen and its surrounding areas to rival samurai, and as the rules of honjo, Jiin-ho were introduced, providing the authority for a honjo law at shoen.

• 一時期より衰退したとはいえ、幕藩体制下では、幕府の伝馬朱印状を後ろ盾とした官製の遊行が行われ、時宗寺院のない地域も含む全国津々浦々に、遊行上人が回国した。
• Although it declined to some extent compared to the situation in a certain period, under the feudal system characteristic of the Shogunate, the official Yugyo supported by Tenma Shuinjo(Shogunate license) of bakufu was implemented and Yugyo-shonin traveled around provinces all over the country including the areas where there was no temple of the Ji sect.

• 日本庭園は寺院にあるものや、大名屋敷の庭園/庭園跡などがあり、そのほかでは政治家・実業家の邸宅/邸宅跡のほか、公共施設やホテルの敷地に造られたものもある。
• Nihon teien are often found in temples and gardens/remains of gardens of Daimyo (feudal lords), residences/remains of residences of statesmen and industrialists, and also on the premises of public facilities and hotels.

• その後、公家・武家・寺院に権力が分散し、税の畿内集中が弱まることもあったが、室町幕府や南朝 (日本)が置かれたり、貿易により兵庫や堺が伸張して富を集めた。
• Thereafter, although the power was dispersed in court nobles, samurai families and temples, and the concentration of taxes in Kinai region was sometimes weakened, wealth was taken in with the establishment of the the Muromachi shogunate government and the South Court (Japan) as well as the expansion of Hyogo and Sakai by trade.

• 近世に入ると、江戸幕府による寺院統制の影響もあって祠堂銭も下火となっていくが、なおも寺院・檀家間などで祠堂銭・名目金の貸付が行われる事も珍しくはなかった。
• As it became the early modern era, Shidosen began to fade out due to the Edo bakufu controlling the temples,However, but still Shidosen lending and loans between temples and supporters was not unusual.

• 四条道場金蓮寺 (京都市)などの、寺町通沿いの寺院の境内が、縁日の舞台として利用されるようになり、裏寺町通にも見世物小屋や芝居小屋が見られるようになった。
• Temple precincts including Shijo-dojo Konren-ji Temple (Kyoto City) which was along Teramachi-dori Street were used as a booth during fairs, causing show tents and small theaters to show up on Uraderamachi-dori Street as well.

• 付近からは奈良時代前期にさかのぼる古瓦が出土しており、行基の開基であるかどうかは別としても、この付近に平城京遷都以前にさかのぼる寺院のあったことがわかる。
• Ancient roof tiles dating from the early Nara period have been excavated in the area and, although it has not been confirmed to have been founded by Gyoki, it is known that the temple had been situated in this area since before the relocation of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).

• 東大寺の前身寺院である金鐘寺（こんしゅじ）の羂索堂（けんさくどう）として建てられたもので、記録により天平15年（743年）までには完成していたと思われる。
• It was built as the Kensaku-do Hall of Konshu-ji Temple, the predecessor temple of Todai-ji Temple; according to records, it was completed by 743.

• そこで、京都在住の武家や公家、庶民は、土倉や質屋のような金融業者や周囲に石垣や堀などを廻らせて防御に優れた寺院に資産を預けてリスクを回避する例も見られる。
• Therefore some samurai warriors, court nobles, and common people living in Kyoto tried to avoid such a risk by placing their properties in the custody of the Doso, moneylenders such as pawnbrokers, or temples surrounded by well-defended stone walls and fences.

• 領家は次第に、国衙領を私領化するようになった国司と対立するようになり、自らの荘園をさらに権門勢家や大寺院に寄進し、保護を求める代わりに一定の税収を納めた。
• Ryoke became increasingly more opposed to kokushi (provincial governors) who privatized Kokugaryo, and donated their manors to kenmon seika (powerful houses and influential families) or large temples to seek protection while paying regular tax yields in return.

• 仏教寺院や仏壇などに最も大切な信仰の対象として安置されたり、お守りとして身辺に常時携帯される、仏や菩薩などの彫刻・絵画・曼荼羅（まんだら）・名号などのこと。
• Sculptures, paintings, mandalas, named inscriptions of Buddha or Bosatsu, are considered to be the most important objects of religious belief installed in Buddhist temples or altars, or carried around on the body as an amulet.

• 一般的な特徴としては、歴史的に寺院を持たなかった貧しい集落に厚生事業として設置される例、いわゆる同和地区に同和対策事業として設置される例などが多く見られる。
• Generally speaking, nokotsudo have often been built as part of welfare in poor communities that haven't previously had temples, and they have often been built in so-called Dowa chiku (areas where people subject to unfair discrimination have lived) as measures to eliminate social prejudice.

• 治教権に基づく本格的な寺院法は従来からの僧伽内の規制、僧尼令をはじめとする統制や鑑真によって本格的に伝えられた戒律の影響を受けて形成されたと考えられている。
• Full-scale Jiin-ho based on chikyo-ken were thought to be developed under the influence from traditional rules within sanghas, regulations by soniryo and religious precepts that were brought to Japan by Jianzhen.

• このことにより、各寺院は布教の機会と必要を同時に無くし、自らの檀家の葬儀や法事を営み定期的に収入を得るばかりの、変化のない生活に安住するようになっていった。
• As a result, each temple lost the opportunities and necessity of propagation at the same time and gradually became content with the uneventful life just holding funerals and memorial services for the danka and gaining the regular income.

• 現在では、智山（ちざん）声明（京都・智積院）、豊山（ぶざん）声明（奈良・長谷寺）、南山進流（なんざんしんりゅう・高野山、京都・古義真言宗寺院）に分別される。
• Currently, it is divided into Chizan Shomyo (Chishakuin, Kyoto), Buzan Shomyo (Hase-dera Temple, Nara), Nanzan-shinryu School (Mt. Koya-san and Kogi Shingonshu sect temples, Kyoto).

• こうした茶室の構造は敷地の広い寺院や武家屋敷にも取り入れられるようになり、中潜りや腰掛待合とつくばいを備えた現在の茶席に見るような様式化した茶庭が成立する。
• Such configuration of tea rooms was also incorporated in temples and samurai residences with huge premises, and the Chatei stylized as in the current tea ceremony is equipped with Nakakuguri (a type of middle gate used to divide an outer tea garden from an inner tea garden), Koshikake-Machiai, and Tsukubai.

• 熾盛光如来とは仏頂尊の一尊で、天台宗最大の秘法といわれる熾盛光法（国家鎮護、皇室の安泰などを祈る修法）の本尊であるが、この如来を寺院の本尊とするのは珍しい。
• Shijoko Nyorai is a Butchouson who is the principal image of a method of prayer known as Sijokoho - said to be the Tendai sect's greatest secret (used when praying for the protection of the nation and the security of the Emperor), but this is the only temple in Japan dedicated to this deity.

• 平安時代になると、仏教信仰が貴族の間にも広まり、一部では奈良時代から既に行われてきたが、各氏族で個々に寺院を建立するようになり、そこで氏族の繁栄を祈念した。
• During the Heian period, belief in Buddhism spread throughout the noble classes, with each clan constructed temples in which to pray for the prosperity of the clan, although some clans had practiced this since the Nara period.

• 大道寺に見られるように既存の仏教寺院の建物を転用するか、新たに建てた場合も、日本人の大工を用い、日本の建築様式（とくに仏教寺院のそれ）を踏襲して建てられた。
• As can be seen at Daido-ji Temple, whether existing Buddhist temples were converted to churches or new structures constructed, Japanese carpenters were used and Japanese architectural styles (in particular Buddhist temple styles) were emulated.

• 大化4年（648年）には「始僧住」（僧が住み始める）とあることから、この頃には伽藍全体の整備は未完成であったが、一応寺院としての体裁は整っていたと見られる。
• Since the uragaki states that 'priests began to reside at the temple in 648,' it is believed that although the maintenance of the entire temple complex had not yet been completed at the time, it had the appearance of a temple.

• こうした財源は造寺司を経由して寺院の財源となるために、一面においては僧尼令や僧綱とは別の意味で寺院や三綱以下の僧侶を監督・統制する手段ともなり得たのである。
• These revenue sources were, accordingly, for the temple through Zojishi; therefore, the sources could be used as a way of supervising and controlling priests at the positions with management roles and lower called 'sango' as well as the temple in a sense, other than the regulations and the central monastic office.

• 各寺院所蔵の本尊のうち、枕経・通夜・葬儀の際に掲げられる「導師本尊」は、故人を霊山浄土へ導くとされる即身成仏のための本尊で、「即身成仏の御本尊」ともいわれる。
• The Honzon kept at each temple and displayed at Makura-kyo, wakes, and funerals are 'Doshi Honzon' and is a Honzon for guiding the deceased to Ryozen Jodo for sokushin-joubutsu, and is also called the 'Sokushin-Jobutsu no gohonzon.'

• 日蓮正宗の葬儀で掲げられる（寺院の納骨堂に安置されている）「導師本尊」は、「天照大神」の位置に「閻魔法王」、「八幡大菩薩」の位置に「五道冥官」が書かれている。
• The 'Doshi Honzon' (principle image of priest, which is placed in a ossuary of temples) used in the Nichiren Sho Sect funeral have 'Enma Hoo' (the judge at the gate of Hell) instead of 'Amaterasu Omikami' and 'Godo Myokan' (Officers of the Hell of five posthumous worlds) instead of 'Hachiman Daibosatsu.'

• 城下町広島では江戸時代以来庶民に定着してきたため、広島市周辺では他の宗派でも盆燈籠を認めている寺院もあるが、日蓮宗などのようにほとんど認めていない寺院もある。
• The custom came to stay among the public in the castle town Hiroshima in the Edo period, and so, in and around today's Hiroshima City, some temples other than Jodo Shinshu also allow the dedication, but other temples, such as those of 'Nichirenshu' (Nichiren Sect of Buddhism), rarely allow it.

• 僧尼の破戒行為的な犯罪に対する処罰、国家が任命した僧綱による寺院及び僧尼への自治的な統制、私度僧や民衆教化の禁止及び山林修行や乞食行為に対する制限を柱とする。
• The Soniryo was essentially about penalties for subversive criminal acts by priests and nuns, the self-governing control of temples, priests and nuns by the members of the Sogo (a priest of a managerial post) who were appointed by the state, prohibitions against shidoso (lay priests), the indoctrination of the populace, and the regulation of ascetic training in the mountains and begging.

• 集会などで定められた寺院法は当初は寺院の境内及び僧侶・俗人などの所属者を対象としてきたが、寺辺と呼ばれる地内町が寺院の周囲に対しても効力を及ぼすようになった。
• Jiin-ho set at the gatherings were initially only effective inside the temple grounds, as well as those belonging to the temple, such as priests and followers, but later, jinai-cho, which is also called 'jihen', began to have an effect on areas surrounding the temples.

• 現在、おみくじの7割近くは女子道社（山口県周南市）によって奉製され、英語版はハワイなど外国への輸出も行われているが、各神社寺院独自で奉製しているところもある。
• Currently about 70% of omikuji are made by Joshidosha, a company in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, and they also export English versions to Hawaii and other countries, and the rest are made independently by various shrines and temples.

• この時代の醸造は、今風に云えばバイオテクノロジーの最先端であり、当時の大寺院はそれを委譲されて担っていくだけの、以下に挙げるような数々の好条件に恵まれていた。
• In those days, sake brewing was what is now called leading-edge biotechnology and major temples were in the following situations which were so favorable as to make it possible for them to be entrusted with and take charge of such state-of-the-art technology.

• 7世紀末に建設された藤原京では、大極殿などの宮殿は瓦葺きで建てられていることが考古学的に確認されていることから、初めて寺院以外で瓦が使用されたとみられている。
• It has been archaeologically proved that the roofs of the palaces such as Daigokuden (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace) were covered with Kawara tiles in the Fujiwara Capital, which was constructed at the end of the 7th century, therefore it is believed that Kawara was first used for the buildings other than temples at that time.

• 7世紀後半に律令制が整備され、田地が口分田などの班田収授法の体系に組み込まれていっても、神田（および仏教寺院の運営にあてる寺田）のみは、班田の対象外とされた。
• Even when the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes) was established in the late seventh century and rice fields were integrated into Kubunden (rice fields allotted to people by the central government) under the Handen Shuju no ho Law (the law of rice field allotment system), Shinden and Jiden (rice fields owned by temples) were exempted from the law.

• 元は藤氏長者としての所領を中核としていたが、後には氏院である勧学院や同流ゆかりの寺院である法成寺や平等院などの寺院領が摂関家の家領として扱われるようになった。
• Originally, the shoryo the family owned as the chieftain of the Fujiwara clan mainly accounted for the family's holdings; but later, the kangakuin (a school founded in Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto]) which was Uji no In (celebrated villa), jiinryo (the holdings of a temple) such as of Hosei-ji Temple or Byodo-in Temple which were temples closely related with the line of the house, became treated as keryo of the Sekkan-ke (the Fujiwara regent's line).

• また、神変大菩薩は役行者の尊称として使われ、寺院に祀られている役行者の像の名称として使われていたり、南無神変大菩薩と記した奉納のぼりなどが見られることがある。
• Sometimes, 'Jinben-daibosatsu' is used as an honorific title of EN no Gyoja or as the name of the statue and Hono nobori (Japanese banners in dedication to god) saying 'Namu Jinben-daibosatsu' are seen at shrines and temples.

• 現在、清和源氏ゆかりの寺院である兵庫県川西市の満願寺 (川西市)や小童寺、同宝塚市の普明寺 (宝塚市)などの境内に美女丸・幸寿丸と共に仲光の供養塔が存在する。
• Currently there is Nakamitsu's memorial tower on the temple grounds in Mangan-ji Temple, which is associated with Seiwa-Genji, in Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture, Shodo-ji Temple and Fumyo-ji Temple in Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture as well as Bijomaru and Kojumaru.

• 現在、松本市島立 (松本市)にある浄土真宗の寺院である大宝山専修院正行寺は了智上人となった高綱が建立したと伝えられており、近くには高綱のものとされる墓がある。
• Senshuin Shogyo-ji Temple on Mt. Taiho, a temple of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) currently located in Shimadachi, Matsumoto City, is said to be built by Takatsuna who became a holly priest named Ryochi Shonin, and there is the grave of Takatsuna nearby.

• 天台宗の他の門跡寺院（青蓮院、三千院など）と同様、妙法院は比叡山上にあった坊（小寺院）がその起源とされ、初代門主は伝教大師最澄（767－822）とされている。
• As with other Tendai Sect Monzeki Temples (Shoren-in Temple and Sanzen-in Temple), the origins of Myoho-in Temple are believed to lie in a bo (small temple) situated atop Mt. Hiei and the first chief priest is thought to have been Dengyo Daishi Saicho (767-822).

• 初期の形態は、寺院の主要建築である金堂や阿弥陀堂の前面に池をつくり蓮を植え、花園を設けるなどしたもので、薬師寺や法華寺浄土院など奈良時代にそのきざしがみられる。
• In the initial style, a pond was placed in front of a major building of a temple, such as a Kondo (main temple hall) and/or an Amitabha hall, lotus was planted there and a flower garden was also planted, as its early sign seen in Yakushi-ji Temple and Hokke-ji Temple Jodoin in the Nara era.

• 日本においても比較的初期の段階で戒律が伝えられていたものの、不完全なものでその意義が十分されずに一部の寺院における研究に留まり、授戒の儀式も行われていなかった。
• In Japan, commandments were introduced at a comparatively early stage in an incomplete way, so that their significance was not understood fully and they were researched in only a portion of the temples without any Jukai (rituals handing down the precepts).

• それを再興した他阿は、知識帰命を掲げた「時衆制誡」「道場制文」などを定め、消息の中で配下の道場（寺院）は百あまりと述べているように、時衆を整備された教団とした。
• Taa revived the sect, established the 'Jishu Seikai' (religious commandments of the Ji Sect) and 'Dojo Seibun' (rules for priests) which advocated Chishiki Kimyo (a unique belief of the Ji Sect of giving absolute devotion of mind and body to the absolute view of knowledge), and sources state that there were over 100 subordinate temples.

• その寺院の創建などの由緒によって、封戸、出挙イネ、寺田、荘園所有等の権益、三綱（僧の官位）・別当あるいは住持職の任免、修法の方法、服装等の待遇などで区別を行う。
• Temples are differentiated depending upon the temple's lineage and when it was founded etc: rights and interests of assets such as fuko (a vassal household allotted to a courtier), rice tributes, temple lands, manor property holdings; handling of appointment of Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple), stewards or chief priest's role, prayer methods, dress etc.

• 室町幕府は洛中に根拠を置いたために、武士の居住は減少し、再び寺院などが建てられて信仰の町としての趣が取り戻し、参詣客を相手とした芸能、茶売りなどの文化で賑わう。
• Because the Muromachi bakufu was based in central Kyoto, warriors living there decreased and temples, were again constructed and the town recovered religious character and became cheerful with cultural activities targeting visitors to temples with entertainment and tea stands.

• 日本に仏教が伝来したのは、6世紀中期の欽明天皇のときとされているが、本格的に寺院が建立され、仏教が興隆し始めたのは、6世紀末～7世紀前期の推古天皇の頃であった。
• It is said that Buddhism was brought to Japan in the era of Emperor Kinmei, or in the middle era of the sixth century, and it is in the era of Empress Suiko, or the era from around the end of the sixth century to the first half of the seventh century, that temples were built in earnest and Buddhism started flourishing.

• こうした浄土教の普及に力があったのは、むしろ既成の教団や寺院から離れ、山林に入り、あるいは遍歴して独自の活動を展開した聖、あるいは上人とよばれた求道者であった。
• In fact, the seekers, so-called hijiri or shonin who had left their religious community or temples, and went into the mountain forest or wandered from place to place resumed their own activities; they spread the Jodo sect the most.

• 大乗院日記目録（だいじょういんにっきもくろく）とは、奈良興福寺の門跡寺院である大乗院の、第27代大僧正尋尊が当時の政治・社会・文化・宗教史等について記した書物。
• Daijoin Nikki Mokuroku is the book recording the politics, social events, culture, and the history of religion written by Jinson, the 27th Daisojo (highest ranked priest among Japanese Buddhist monks) of Daijoin-Temple, which is the related temple of the nobility oriented/established Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara Prefecture.

• 埼玉県さいたま市岩槻区上野にある「龍海寺」という寺院が「創立者：東久邇宮稔彦」「開祖：小原龍海」として運営されているが、どのような繋がりがあるのかは不明である。
• A temple called the 'Ryukai-ji Temple' located in Ueno, Iwatsuki Ward, Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture is operated under 'Founder: Naruhiko HIGASHIKUNINOMIYA' and 'Originator: Ryukai OHARA,' but how it relates to HIGASHIKUNINOMIYA is unknown.

• 秀信の創建になる寺院の主だったところには、武田信玄・祖父信長が信濃国から甲斐国、美濃と移して保護を加えた善光寺如来の分身を祀った善光寺 (岐阜市)があげられる。
• Zenko-ji Temple (Gifu City) was one of the temples which Hidenobu built and was worshipping Zenko-ji Nyorai's alter ego which was protected by Shingen TAKEDA and Yoshinobu's grandfather, Nobunaga, and was transferred from Shinano Province to Kai Province and then from Kai Province to Mino Province.

• 11歳の時、地元の大寺院である書写山円教寺に入り、天台宗を学ぶが、のち禅宗にめざめ、鎌倉の高峰顕日（こうほうけんにち）、京の南浦紹明（なんぽじょうみん）に参禅。
• At age 11, he entered the local large Shoshazan Engyo-ji Temple and began to study the ways of the Tendai sect, but after awakening to Zen Buddhism, he travelled to consult with Koho Kennichi of Kamakura and Nampo Jomin of Kyoto.

• 皇族・貴族の子弟が歴代住持となる別格の寺院を指して「門跡」と称するが、妙法院は青蓮院、三千院（梶井門跡）とともに「天台三門跡」と並び称されてきた名門寺院である。
• Myoho-in Temple is one of a special class of temples known as 'Monzeki' which were traditionally served by successive head priests from the Imperial family and nobility, but is also distinguished as one of the 'Three Tendai Monzeki' along with Shoren-in Temple and Sanzen-in Temple (Kajii Monzeki).

• 南北朝時代、後伏見天皇第7皇子の寛胤法親王（1309 - 1376）が15世長吏となって以来、勧修寺は宮門跡寺院となり、幕末まで法親王ないし入道親王が入寺した。
• Kaju-ji Temple became a Monzeki Temple during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts after Cloistered Imperial Prince Kanin (1309-1376), the seventh son of Emperor Gofushimi, became the 15th Chori, and the temple was served by Cloistered Imperial Princes or priestly Imperial Princes until the end of the Edo period.

• 歴史的に南都（奈良）の東大寺や興福寺などと関係が深く、解脱房貞慶（げだつぼうじょうけい）などの著名な僧が当寺に住したことで知られ、日本仏教史上重要な寺院である。
• The temple is extremely important to the history of Buddhism in Japan with deep historical connections to Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple in Nanto (the southern capital (Nara)) and known to have been resided at by the eminent monk Gedatsubo Jokei.

• さらに江戸時代になると、キリシタン対策のための寺請制度（てらうけせいど＝人々は必ずどこかの寺院に所属しなければならないという制度）により仏式の葬儀が強制された。
• After the Edo period, to prevent the spread of Christian faith, Buddhist funerals became obligatory through the introduction of the 'Terauke seido' (the system of organizing whole temples in Japan with registration of follower families=every person should belong to a Buddhist temple).

• 同寺の寺宝である立正安国論が建武_(日本)3年（1336年）に律宗寺院であった鎌倉・普恩寺（現在は廃絶）に貸し与えられて書写されていた事が記録されている程である。
• According to the records, Rissho ankoku ron (the Treatise for Spreading Peace Throughout the Country by Establishing the True Teaching), which was the temple's treasure, had been lent out to Kamakura Fuon-ji Temple (no longer exists) of the Ritsu Sect to transcribe in 1336.

• 明治時代に修験寺院の廃止が決定すると、寺院内に恵印部を設けて、修験寺院の統制を行ったが、1919年（大正8年）には恵印部を廃し、修験寺院を末寺とすることになった。
• When it was decided to discontinue temples for Shugendo monasteries (Shugendo is Japanese mountain asceticism/shamanism incorporating Shinto and Buddhist concepts) in the Meiji period, Daigo-ji Temple founded a section called Ein-bu within it and controlled the Shugendo monasteries; however, in 1919 it discontinued Ein-bu and made them into branch temples.

• 同書によれば、開催日前日の14日夕方に延暦寺の僧侶が下山して会場となる寺院を訪問し、学生ら俗世側の参加者は予め会場に集って詩句や経文を誦しながら僧侶の来訪を待つ。
• According to the same book, the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple came down from the mountain in the evening of the 14th day of the month, a day before the opening day of the Kangakue, to visit the temple in which the Kangakue would take place, and the participants of the common people's side, such as students, gathered at the site in advance, and passed the time by composing poems and reading sutras while waiting for the priests to visit

• 鎌倉時代後半から南北朝時代にかけて、天皇の存在が互いに不可欠であった摂関家と寺院勢力は、自らの存続をかけて共同で即位儀礼の中に即位灌頂を持ち込んだものと見られる。
• It seems that in the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Sekkan-ke and temples for both of whom existence of the emperor was indispensable, brought jointly sokuikanjo into the enthronement ceremony for their own survival.

• 高野山内では中院流を教えている僧侶（寺院）がほとんどだが、中院流と他の法流を受け継いでいる僧侶（寺院）が高野山内にあり、希望する僧侶に他の法流を教えることもある。
• Although nearly all monks (temples) at Mount Koya provide training of the Chuin school, there are also some monks who studied under other schools and teaches other teachings to the monks if requested.

• やがて、戦国時代に入ると、織田信長に代表される武将たちが、上記に挙げたような大寺院が持つ数々の力や利権を対抗勢力として恐れ始め、徹底的な弾圧を加えるようになった。
• In the course of time, major temples began to be harshly suppressed by busho (Japanese military commanders) in the Sengoku period as typified by Nobunaga ODA, because such military commanders feared above-stated powers and interests held by the temples, regarding them as rival forces.