寮: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 寮
- office
- official
- chief
- head
- hostel
- dormitory
- bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryo system)
- Ryou
- villa
- tea pavillion
- Student Dormitories
- 馬寮
- Meryo (Bureau of Imperial Horses)
- Meryo (Bureau of Horses)
- 寮母
- housemother
- dorm mother
- dormitory matron
- 寮長
- dormitory leader
- dormitory superintendent
- 寮生
- boarder
- boarding student
- 原寮
- Hara Ryou (h) (1946.12.18-)
- 寮監
- housemaster
- resident advisor
- houseparent
- housefather
- housemother
- dorm parent
- 寮育
- rehabilitation (e.g. of disabled children)
- 学寮
- student hostel
- dormitory (e.g. for factory workers)
- college
- 茶寮
- tea ceremony cottage, hut or room
- 全寮
- whole dormitory
- every dormitory
- 寮掌
- Ryosho (administrative official, secretary, commissioner)
- 諸陵寮
- Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums)
- 主計寮
- Shukeiryo
- Shukeiryo (Account Office)
- 典薬寮
- Tenyakuryo
- Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine)
- 散位寮
- Sanniryo (the office controlling Sanni, courtiers without a post)
- 図書寮
- Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books)
- Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books)
- Zushiryo
- 縫殿寮
- Nuidonoryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies)
- 主税寮
- Shuzeiryo (Bureau of Taxation)
- 木工寮
- Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry)
- 大炊寮
- Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household)
- 主殿寮
- Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau)
- Shudenryo (Bureau of Grounds)
- 掃部寮
- Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping)
- 工員寮
- dormitory for factory workers
- 玄蕃寮
- The Agency for Buddhists and Foreigners (ritsuryou system)
- Genbaryo (Diplomacy and Buddhism Office)
- Genba-ryo (Bureau of Buddhism and Aliens)
- 女子寮
- women's dormitory
- Joshi-Ryo (Women's dormitory)
- 雅楽寮
- government office in charge of court music (ritsuryo period)
- Utaryo
- Utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music)
- 学生寮
- student accommodation
- student dormitory
- 母子寮
- home for mothers and children
- 入寮式
- entrance ceremony (when students enter a dormitory)
- 大学寮
- former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators)
- Daigaku-ryo
- Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education)
- a university dormitory
- Daigaku-ryō
- 全寮制
- system where all students live in dormitories
- residential system
- boarding system (e.g. boarding school)
- 陰陽寮
- Onmyoryo
- Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination)
- Onmyo-ryo (Bureau taking charge of divination)
- 内蔵寮
- Kuraryo
- Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses)
- 男女寮
- Men and women's dormitory
- 侍真寮
- Taishinryo (dormitory)
- 自治寮
- Student Council Dormitory
- 内匠寮
- Naishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans)
- 斎宮寮
- Saiguryo (the Office of the High Priestess [of the Ise-jingu Shrine])
- 塩寮原発
- Yenliao nuclear power plant
- 大舎人寮
- Otoneriryo (Bureau of Imperial Attendants)
- 女男性寮
- co-ed dormitory
- mixed student accommodation
- 大学寮。
- He worked for Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 留学生寮
- Dormitories for overseas students
- 縫殿寮糸所
- Nuidonoryo, also known as Itodokoro (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies)
- 寮掌 新設
- Ryosho (assistant officer) newly established
- Ryosho (administrative official, secretary, commissioner), newly created
- Ryosho (bureau administrator), newly established
- Ryosho (administrative official), newly established
- Ryosho (administrative officials): newly established
- Ryosho (administrative official, secretary, commissioner) newly established.
- Ryosho (administrative official, secretary, commissioner) was newly established.
- Ryosho (the post for giving orders to Shibe - low ranking bureaucrats): newly established
- 大学寮の組織
- Structure of Daigaku-ryo
- 宮内省図書寮
- Zushoryo in Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household).
- 西ノ京左馬寮
- Nishinokyousamaryou
- 西ノ京右馬寮
- Nishinokyouumaryou
- 斎宮寮と祭祀
- Saiguryo (a public office that governs the affairs of Saigu) and Religious Services
- 閉寮反対運動
- The opposition movement against the closure of dormitory
- 陰陽寮長官。
- Director of Onmyoryo.
- 斎宮寮の内侍
- Naishi of Saiguryo
- A. 入寮
- Checking into the Dorm
- 馬寮(独立)
- Meryo (Independent)
- 西ノ京左馬寮町
- Nishinokyousamaryouchou
- 西ノ京右馬寮町
- Nishinokyouumaryouchou
- 京都大学吉田寮
- Yoshida dormitory of Kyoto University
- 陰陽寮・典薬寮
- Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) and Tenyakuryo (Bureau of Medicine)
- 斎宮寮(独立)
- Saiguryo (Independent)
- 兵庫寮(独立)
- Sahyogo/Uhyogo (Independent)
- Hyogoryo (Independent)
- 寮 (律令制)
- Ryo (a rank in government offices under ritsuryo system)
- 書道 (大学寮)
- Shodo (Daigaku-ryo)
- 新寮建て替え問題
- Construction of a new dormitory
- 過去に存在した寮
- The dormitory once existed
- ラグビー部の寮。
- The rugby team dormitory
- 正六位・大学寮。
- He was ranked Shorokui (Senior Sixth Rank) and served at Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- 大学院生向けの寮
- Available to graduate students
- 大炊寮(宮内省)
- Oiryo (Kunaisho)
- A. 入寮する
- Checking Into the Dorm
- ※後に大寮に昇格
- * Later, raised to Oryo.
- 散位寮(式部省)
- Sanniryo (Shikinusho)
- 大学寮(式部省)
- Daigakuryo (Shikibusho)
- 雅楽寮(治部省)
- Utaryo (Jibusho)
- 木工寮(宮内省)
- Mokuryo (Kunaisho)
- 陰陽寮(中務省)
- Onmyoryo (Nakatsukasasho)
- 兵庫寮 - 新設。
- Hyogoryo (Bureau of Arsenal): newly established
- (職掌・寮掌など)
- (Shikisho, Ryosho, and the like)
- 大舎人寮(中務省)
- Otoneriryo (Nakatsukasasho)
- 母は馬寮橘惟風女。
- His mother was the daughter of TACHIBANA no Korekaze, who seved in Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses).
- - 馬寮に併合される
- It was later annexed to Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses).
- 雅楽寮(うたりょう)
- Uta-ryo (officials administering Gagaku)
- 入寮選考は3月上旬。
- The selection of applicants is done in the beginning of March.
- The selection of applicants is done at the beginning of March.
- 女子学生のみ入寮可能
- Available to women students only
- ルミエール間宮学生寮
- LUMIERE MAMIYA INTERNATIONAL FLAT
- 斎宮寮の女官の1種。
- A kind of the court lady served in Saigu-ryo (the Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise).
- 木工寮に配属された。
- They were allocated to Mokuryo.
- 学生寮を管理する教師
- teacher in charge of a school boardinghouse
- 所管は宮内省宗秩寮。
- 'Sochitsuryo' (a bureau of the Minister of the Imperial Household) was a section in charge.
- 左馬寮御監も辞任か?
- May also have resigned his position as Samaryo gogen.
- 図書寮(ずしょりょう)
- Zusho-ryo (Bureau taking charge of preserving drawings and books)
- - 兵庫寮に併合される
- It was later annexed to Hyogoryo or Tsuwamono no kura no tsukasa (Bureau of Military Storehouses)
- It was later annexed to Hyogoryo or Tsuwamono no kura no tsukasa (Bureau of Military Storehouses).
- 玄蕃寮(げんばりょう)
- Genba-ryo (officials supervising monks and nuns and Buddhist rites and entertaining overseas envoys)
- 主計寮(かずえりょう)
- Kazue-ryo (officials to audit the Soyocho-cho (Cho of Soyocho tax system: textile goods or alternative money))
- 主税寮(ちからりょう)
- Chikara-ryo (officials to supervise land taxes, income and outgo, etc.)
- 寮病院造営料唐船(中止)
- Ryobyoin zoeiryotosen (Suspension)
- 縫殿寮(ぬいどのりょう)
- Nuidono-ryo (Bureau taking charge of sewing Wardrobe and managing court ladies)
- 日本四大自治寮のひとつ。
- It is one of the four major autonomous student dormitories in Japan.
- 入寮選考と入寮資格の拡大
- Selection for entering the dormitory and easing of the requirements for entering
- 出納・図書寮・主水司・他
- Suino (officials of Kurododokoro in charge of miscellaneous services and receipts and disbursement), Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books), Mondo no tsukasa (Water Office) and others
- 巻25は主計寮下である。
- The volume 25 is Account Office II.
- 壮図寮(そうと-りょう)
- Soto Dormitory
- 布哇寮(はわい-りょう)
- Hawai Dormitory
- 寮生活には慣れましたか。
- Have you got used to living in the dorm?
- 寮生に食事と部屋を与える
- keep boarders
- 時に、正四位下行内蔵寮。
- At the time of his death he held the court rank of Shoshiinoge (Lower Senior Fourth Rank), and the position of Kyo-kuraryo (the Chief Curator of the Bureau of the Palace).
- 図書寮(ずしょりょう)本。
- Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) Manuscript.
- 官奴司 - 主殿寮に統合。
- Office of Imperial Slaves: consolidated into Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau).
- 主油司 - 主殿寮に統合。
- Office of Oil: consolidated into Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau)
- 鍛冶司 - 木工寮に統合。
- Office of Smithery: consolidated into Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry)
- 土工司 - 木工寮に統合。
- Office of Claywork: consolidated into Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry)
- 内染司 - 掃部寮に統合。
- Office of Dyeing: consolidated into Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping)
- 岩倉寮(いわくら-りょう)
- Iwakura Dormitory
- 鴨東寮(おうとう-りょう)
- Oto Dormitory
- 此春寮(ししゅん-りょう)
- Shishun Dormitory
- 大成寮(たいせい-りょう)
- Taisen Dormitory
- 一粒寮(ひとつぶ-りょう)
- Hitotsubu Dormitory
- 私の大学には寮があります。
- My university has a dorm.
- 兵部少輔、馬寮、修理大夫。
- He was Hyobu-shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military), Meryo (caretaker of imperial horses), and Shuri-no-daibu (Master of the Office of Palace Repairs).
- 官舎は内蔵寮の南にあった。
- The government quarters were in the south side of Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses).
- 武散位(文官は散位寮が管轄)
- Busani or military officer without post (civil officer was under the control of Saniryo which was the office controlling Sani [courtier without post]).
- 兵馬司 - 左右馬寮に統合。
- Hyomashi (Office of Military Horses): consolidated into the right and left division of Meryo (Bureau of Horses).
- 内掃部司 - 掃部寮に統合。
- Office of Inner House Keeping: consolidated into Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping)
- 兵庫 (律令制) - 寮格。
- Hyogo (arsenal) (the ritsuryo system): ranked as Ryo (bureau)
- 暁夕寮(ぎょうせい-りょう)
- Gyosei Dormitory
- 松蔭寮(しょういん-りょう)
- Shoin Dormitory
- 詳細は京都大学吉田寮に掲載。
- For details, please refer to the official website of Kyoto University's 'Yosida-Ryo'.
- 以後、「高倉学寮」と称される
- Thereafter it was called 'Takakura Gakuryo.'
- 木工寮・大膳職などにあった。
- They were allocated to Mokuryo and Daizenshiki.
- 寮の暖房が故障してるんです。
- Our dorm's having heater problem.
- 子供たちを全寮制学校にやった
- sent the children away to boarding school
- 内匠寮(たくみりょう)-令外官
- Takumi-ryo (Bureau of skilled artisans) - Ryoge no kan (a post outside the original Ritsuryo code created by Imperial edicts)
- 陰陽寮・占星台(天文台)の設置
- Establishment of Onmyoryo and Senseidai
- 4月17日、制度寮総裁を兼任。
- April 17 Served in an additional post of seidoryo sosai (the director general of Seidoryo, an office controlling institutions in the Meiji period).
- 1868年 学寮に護法場を付置
- 1868: Gohojo was added to the seminary.
- 画工司- 808年、内匠寮に統合
- Gako-shi (Bureau taking charge of painting) - merged into Takumi-ryo in 808
- 源実朝は左馬寮御監に叙任された。
- MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was appointed to Samaryo gogen (Inspector of the Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 掃部寮と職掌が重なる部分もある。
- Its official duties partially overlapped those of Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping).
- 延喜式諸陵寮には次のようにある。
- In the Engishiki (an ancient manual of protocols and procedures for national rituals and prayers) of Shoryoryo (the Bureau of Imperial Mausoleum Administration), it says the following.
- 陰陽五行思想の伝来と陰陽寮の発足
- Introduction to the principles of Inyo gogyo and the founding of Onmyoryo
- 京都大学吉田寮はこの構内にある。
- Kyoto University's Yoshida-ryo (dormitory) exists within the same premises.
- 大学寮にて学び、源順に師事する。
- He studied at the Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) and studied under MINAMOTO no Shitago.
- 実父は藤原北家の斎宮寮藤原利永。
- His biological father was FUJIWARA no Toshinaga, who was Saigu-ryo (the Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise) of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- 寮の規則は守らなければならない。
- You must observe the rules of the dormitory.
- この学生は彼女の寮の皆と共に眠る
- This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm
- 呪禁生 陰陽寮に職掌を奪われて消滅
- Jugonsei (students of healing sorcery); they also disappeared after their official duties were usurped by the Onmyoryo
- - 茶寮都路里、高台寺店オープン。
- - Opened Saryo Tsujiri Kodaiji shop.
- - 茶寮都路里、汐留店をオープン。
- - Opened Saryo Tsujiri Shiodome shop.
- 女子大学生社交クラブの会員が住む寮
- sorority house
- 学寮はなく、近在の民家に寄宿した。
- Students lodged at nearby private houses because the school had no dormitory.
- 第三高等学校の寮生らに愛唱された。
- Third High School's dormitory students and others liked to sing it.
- 学寮の中庭で撮ったものでしてね――
- It was taken in Trinity Quad――
- 今日寮に入ることになっていますが。
- I'm supposed to check into the dorm today.
- 最初は司で718年に寮に昇格した。
- At first, the organization ranked Tsukasa (Office), then raised to Ryo (Bureau) in 718.
- 昌泰元年(898年)大学寮となる。
- In 898, Yoshimitsu was posted to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- 3月16日、近衛府と馬寮を兼ねる。
- On April 19, he took charge of Konoefu and Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) as well.
- 729年に寮 (律令制)に昇格した。
- It was promoted to a bureau (Ritsuryo system) in 729.
- 乳牛院は典薬寮に付属した機関の一つ。
- The Nyugyuin (the Cowsmilk Office, in charge of raising milkcows and providing their milk to the Imperial Family) was one of the offices under the purview of the Tenyakuryo.
- しかし統廃合により1職6寮に減った。
- However, this system was later streamlined to decrease the number of categories to one-shiki and six-ryo.
- 散位寮 (896年に式部本省に併合)
- Sani-ryo (the office was merged into the head office of Shikibu-sho in 896)
- 画工司 - 808年、内匠寮に統合。
- Etakumi no Tsukasa or Gakoshi (Bureau of Painting): consolidated into Naishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans).
- 諸陵寮 - 729年、諸陵寮に昇格。
- Shoryoryo (Bureau of Imperial Mausoleums): elevated (from Shoryoshi [Office of Mausolea]) to Shoryoryo in 729.
- 大学寮・散位寮の二寮を管掌していた。
- Shikibu-sho administered two bureaus, Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education) and Sani-ryo (Bureau controlling Sani, courtier without post).
- 内兵庫など統合して兵庫寮として再編。
- It was consolidated as Uchi no hyogo (Inner Arsenal) and reorganized.
- - 茶寮都路里、大丸東京店オープン。
- - Opened Saryo Tsujiri Daimaru Tokyo Shop.
- 母は典侍四辻与津子(お与津御寮人)。
- His mother was Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu-Goryonin), Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank).
- His mother was Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu-Goryonin), Naishi no suke.
- 木工寮伊勢老人(いせのおきな)の娘。
- She was a daughter of Mokuryo ISE no Okina.
- 彼のはいっている寮は食事が大変よい。
- The food is very good in the dormitory where he lives.
- 内薬司は宮内省典薬寮と対になっている。
- Naiyakushi was paired with Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) of Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household).
- 別当 大学寮の総裁で頭の上席であった。
- Betto (Chief officer): The president of Daigaku-ryo and superior to Kami (head).
- 大宝律令で左馬寮・右馬寮が設置された。
- Samaryo and Umaryo were established under the Taiho Code.
- 散位寮 - 896年、式部省内に統合。
- Sanniryo (the office controlling sani, or court officials without a post): integrated into Shikibusho (Ministry of Ceremonies)
- 諸陵寮(しょりょうし)のち諸陵寮に昇格
- Shoryo-shi (officials watching imperial mausoleums) -later promoted to Shoryo-ryo
- 内匠寮史生・大蔵省・木工寮・主殿寮・他
- Takumiryo Shisho (low-ranking scribes in the Bureau of Skilled Artisans), Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury), Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry), Tonomoryo (Bureau of Grounds) and others
- - 茶寮都路里、京都伊勢丹店オープン。
- - Opened Saryo Tsujiri Kyoto Isetan shop.
- 陰陽寮には、事務官である行政官として、
- At Onmyoryo, as executive officers who are administrative officials,
- 1665年 学寮、東本願寺の寺内に創設
- 1665: A seminary was established on the grounds of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 馬寮や兵庫寮のように独立した寮もある。
- Some Tsukasa like Meryo and Hyogoryo became independent.
- 左・右兵庫は普通、寮を語尾につけない。
- Sahyogo and Uhyogo usually do not have the suffix 'ryo.'
- 諸陵寮は律令では諸陵司として設置された。
- Shoryoryo was established as Shoryo-shi (Office of Mausoleums) under the Ritsuryo system.
- 大学寮構内北端の都堂院と同一ともされる。
- It was considered to be the same as Todoin (the school building for history and literature students) at the northern end of the Daigaku-ryo campus.
- のちの図書寮の業務はこれが中心になった。
- Later these became central duties of Zushoryo.
- 内薬司- 896年、宮内省の典薬寮に統合
- Naiyaku-shi (private doctors for the Emperor) -merged into Tenyaku-ryo (Bureau of medicine) of Kunai-sho in 896
- 馬寮の官人は武官とされて帯剣を許された。
- Government officials (esp. one of low to medium rank) in Meryo were treated as military officer, and were allowed to wear a sword.
- 律令により陰陽寮という役所が設置された。
- Thus a public office called Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) was built under the ritsuryo system.
- 現在国立光明寮国立塩原視力障害センター。
- The site is currently occupied by Kokuritsu (national) Komeiryo (literally, dormitory of the light, referring to a national vocational training center for the visually disabled) Shiobara Visual Disabilities Institution, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities.
- 以後、代々天文博士・陰陽寮に任じられた。
- Since then, the successive generations of the Abe clan had been appointed to tenmon hakase and Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 大学寮に替わる組織を目指したが挫折した。
- They aimed to be alternative institutions for Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code)) but ended in failure.
- 入寮選考は3月上旬に1泊2日で行われる。
- The selection of applicants is done in the beginning of March over two days and one night.
- 私たちはその寮の部屋に2人の学生を加えた
- We added two students to that dorm room
- いつだか寮母が彼女に言ったことがあった。
- One day the matron had said to her:
- すぐに君は寮で生活するのになじみますよ。
- You will soon adjust to living in a dormitory.
- 大炊寮の史生が「供御院預」として監督した。
- Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents) of Oiryo controlled Kugoin as Kugoin-azukari.
- 内匠寮(令外) - 聖武天皇のとき、設置。
- Naishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) (a post not included in the original Ritsuryo code): established at the age of the Emperor Shomu.
- 鼓吹司 - 宇多天皇のとき、兵庫寮に統合。
- Kusuishi (Office of Drums and Fifes): consolidated into Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) at the age of the Emperor Uda.
- 造兵司 - 宇多天皇のとき、兵庫寮に統合。
- Zoheishi (Office of Weapon Manufacture): consolidated into Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) at the age of the Emperor Uda.
- 律令制度では玄蕃寮の監督下に置かれていた。
- In the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), it was under the control of Genba-ryo (diplomacy and Buddhism Office).
- 律令官制としての陰陽寮の機構と陰陽師の職務
- Structure of Onmyoryo and duties of onmyoji under the Ritsuryo System
- 貫練学寮男子寮(京都市北区大宮薬師山西町)
- Kanren Men's Dormitory (Omiya Yakushiyama Nishicho, Kita-ku, Kyoto City)
- 図書寮の造筆手・造墨手や大蔵省の典履など。
- Saigi no Chojo included Zohitsushu and Zobokushu at Zushiryo, and Tenri at Okurasho.
- 彼の寮の部屋での騒ぎで、その学生を非難した
- The mess in his dorm room reflects on the student
- 律令制においては治部省玄蕃寮の管轄であった。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), this facility was controlled by the Genba-ryo (office taking charge of affairs relating to the diplomacy and Buddhism) of the Jibu-sho Ministry.
- (それまでは典薬寮の医博士が指導していた。)
- (Ihakase [Doctor of Medicine] of Tenyakuryo taught until then.)
- 木工寮に併合されたとするが時期は不詳である。
- It was incorporated into Mokuryo, but the time is unknown.
- 内薬司 - 896年、宮内省の典薬寮に統合。
- Uchinokusuri no Tsukasa or Naiyakushi (private doctors for the Emperor): integrated into Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) of Kunaisho (the Department of the Imperial Household) in 896.
- 左右大舎人寮 - 平城天皇のとき、左右統合。
- Left and Right Otoneriryo (Bureaus of the Left and the Right Imperial Attendants): the Left and the Right were consolidated at the age of the Emperor Heizei.
- 元々、編暦作業は朝廷の陰陽寮の所轄であった。
- The job of making a calendar was originally done by Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) of the Imperial Court.
- 和風喫茶「茶寮都路里」を本社ビルにオープン。
- Opened a Japanese style teahouse 'Saryo Tsujiri' in the head-office building.
- 匠丁は木工寮や修理職に所属して工事を行った。
- Belonging to Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry) or Shurishiki (Office of Palace Repairs), Shotei were engaged in construction work.
- 白河天皇の第6皇女で、母は木工寮藤原季実女。
- She was the sixth princess of Emperor Shirakawa, and her mother was the daughter of Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry), FUJIWARA no Suezane.
- 天武天皇5年(676年) 陰陽寮を設置する。
- 676: The Emperor Tenmu established Onmyoryo.
- 他に、主殿寮や採銅所の管理などを行っていた。
- In addition, the Ozuki clan managed Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau) and the copper mines.
- 入寮選考は年2回行われ、2月下旬と3月上旬。
- The selection of applicants is done twice a year, the end of February and the beginning of March.
- 5月7日、制度寮総裁解任し、上局議長に就任。
- May 7 Resigned from seidoryo sosai and assume the position of jokyoku gicho (the chairman of jokyoku, a law making body in the Meiji period).
- 1896年 真宗大学と真宗高倉大学寮とに分化
- 1896: The seminary was divided into Sinshu University and Shinshu Takakura Daigakuryo.
- 数年の全寮制学校がその子供を家から疎遠にした
- years of boarding school estranged the child from her home
- あの二人の少年は寮の同じ部屋を共有している。
- Those two boys share the same dormitory room.
- 教育と同時に寄宿寮と食事も提供される私立学校
- a private school where students are lodged and fed as well as taught
- 天長3年(826年)に木工寮と合併して廃止。
- In 826, Shurishiki was abolished by a merger with Moku-ryo.
- 寮跡は斎宮跡として国の史跡に指定されている。
- The remains of Saiguryo is designated a national historic site as 'Saiku ato' (the remains of Saiku).
- 957年(天徳 (日本)元)、木工寮に遷任。
- Nominated to the Mokunoryo (Bureau of Carpentry), in 957.
- のちに官営工房の再編で内匠寮として再編された。
- Later, it was restructured into Naishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) with a restructuring of government craft center.
- 内厩寮 - 奈良時代に新設、左・右馬寮と統合。
- Naikyuryo (Bureau of Imperial Barn): newly established and consolidated with the Right and Left Divisions of Imperial Horses in the Nara period.
- 後に上野は寮生活について次のように述べている。
- He later told about his life in the dormitory as follows.
- 入寮選考は二次選考まであり、12月に行われる。
- The selection for applicants has two stages, and is done in December.
- 茶寮都路里(本店・高台寺店) ポストカード進呈
- Saryo Tsujiri Tea (main store, Kodai-ji branch): Postcard gift
- 右大臣橘氏公の4代孫である大舎人寮橘実利の子。
- He was a child of Otoneri (Royal Attendant) TACHIBANA no Sanetoshi who himself was 4th generation grandchild of Udaijin (Minister of the Right) TACHIBANA no Ujikimi.
- 自灯学寮女子寮(京都市左京区松ヶ崎御所ノ内町)
- Jito Women's Dormitory (Matsugasaki Goshonouchicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City)
- 1678年 学寮、東本願寺の別邸渉成園内に移転
- 1678: The seminary was relocated to Shoseien, an annex of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 斎宮寮に同じく、斎院に近侍してその用を勤めた。
- Similar to Naishi of Saiguryo, Naishi of Saiinshi attended on Saiin and look after her.
- 「バーベキュー、フリント、どの学寮出身だい?」
- 'Barbecue, Flint -- what house?'
- 学校で食事をとるが、自宅で眠る全寮制学校の児童
- a schoolchild at a boarding school who has meals at school but sleeps at home
- 1430年(永享2)1月6日、右馬寮御監兼務。
- January 6, 1430: He was also given the additional post of Umaryo gogen (Inspector of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 安政3年(1856年)、佐賀藩蘭学寮に転じた。
- He transferred to the Rangakuryo school (school to learn Western studies in Dutch) in the Saga Domain in 1856.
- 1407年(応永14)1月5日、右馬寮御監兼務
- January 5, 1407, concurrently served as Umeryo Gogen.
- 散位寮は散位を名簿によって管理しその考課を行う。
- Sanniryo controlled and evaluated Sanni (courtiers without a post) with the name lists.
- 内匠寮から上る毬子29を柳営に盛って、机に置く。
- Ryuei (柳営) piled with 29 balls provided by Nishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) is put on the table.
- 内蔵寮は被綿を、作物所は綿花日杖をそれぞれ奉る。
- And to the emperor, the officer of Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) presented kisewata (floss silk that absorbs the fragrance and the dew of a chrysanthemum by covering the flower overnight, which was believed to help maintain perpetual youth and longevity), and the officer of Tsukumo-dokoro (the palace office responsible for making accessories and furnishings) presented artificial flowers decorated with cotton.
- その後、寮の自室に軍事問題研究会の看板を掲げた。
- Thereafter, he put up a sign saying 'Military affairs study group' on the door of his room in the dormitory.
- 寮時代は、寮にいた友人らと盛んに議論を交わした。
- While he lived in the dormitory, he often discussed with his friends.
- 幼くして聡明であり、18歳で大学寮の試験に及第。
- He was bright since he was small, and he passed the examination of Daigakuryo when he was eighteen years old.
- 菟道山上(『延喜式』諸陵寮に宇治墓)に葬られた。
- The Crown Prince (Prince Uji no Wakiiratsuko) was buried in the Todo-san mountain (In 'the Engishiki' [an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers], this place was entered in the text as the 'Uji burial mound' under the section of Shoryouryou [an administrative organization established by the Ritsuryo laws]).
- 弁官(官務・史 (律令制)・内匠寮・官掌・弁侍)
- Benkan (officials of the dajokan [Grand Council of State] including Kanmu [the collective name for the offices of the sadaishi or senior recorder of the left, and the udaishi or senior recorder of the right], Shi [clerks], Takumiryo [Bureau of Skilled Artisans], Kajo[officials under Benkan and in charge of supervising Shibu] and 弁侍)
- 入寮の募集選考は2月から3月にかけて行なわれる。
- The selection of applicants is conducted from February to March.
- 1755年 学寮、高倉通魚棚(五条下ル)に移転。
- 1755: The seminary was relocated to Takakura-dori Uontana (Gojo kudaru).
- 1639年(寛永16年) 西本願寺学寮として創立
- In A.D.1639, it was founded as Gakuryo of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 同志社フレンドピースハウス(旧同志社大学布哇寮)
- Doshisha Friend Peace House (formerly the Doshisha Hawaii Dormitory)
- 算師の育成は大学寮で算博士(定員2名)が掌った。
- Two San Hakase (Doctor of Numbers) were responsible for training the sanshi at the Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education).
- 1456年(康正2年)1月5日、右馬寮御監兼務。
- January 5, 1456: Also assumed the position of Umeryo-gogen.
- 元文2年(1737年) - 従五位主殿寮に叙任。
- 1737 - Given the title of the junior fifth rank of the Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau.
- 大宝律令による大学寮設立時から存在した学科である。
- Sando had existed as a department since the Daigaku-ryo was established based on the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code).
- 馬寮官は非常設で後に左右それぞれに設置されている。
- Meryokan was established on a nonpermanent basis, and then was established for Samaryo and Umaryo, respectively.
- また、諸官庁の庁舎などは木工寮の指揮で建設された。
- And, office buildings of authorities were constructed under the direction of Mokuryo.
- 木工寮は宮廷の建築・土木・修理を一手にひきうけた。
- Mokuryo solely undertook constructions, civil engineering and repairs of the Imperial Court.
- 縫部司 - 平城天皇のとき、中務省の縫殿寮に統合。
- Office of Wardrobe: consolidated into Nuidonoryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies) during the age of the Emperor Heizei.
- 典鋳司 - 光仁天皇のとき、中務省の内匠寮に統合。
- Office of Casting: consolidated into Takumiryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) of Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) during the age of the Emperor Konin.
- 漆部司 - 平城天皇のとき、中務省の内匠寮に統合。
- Office of Lacquering: consolidated intoTakumiryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) of Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) during the age of the Emperor Heizei.
- その仕組みは、大学寮が中央(都)に一つ設けられた。
- Its structure includes the establishment of Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code)) in the center (capital).
- 戦時中は接収され日赤の看護婦寮にされた歴史もある。
- It has a history that it was requisitioned and used as a dormitory for Nisseki nurses.
- 寮内を糾見し書類の審査など事務全般の管理を行った。
- Supervised the bureau and managed all office work, such as reviewing documents.
- 京都大学の学生寮は広範な自治活動が認められている。
- Student dormitories of Kyoto University are allowed wide-ranging activities of autonomy.
- 1650年(慶安3年) 学寮の制条(学則)を定める
- In A.D.1650, Seijo (school rules) of Gakuryo was established.
- 1868年、京都東本願寺の高倉学寮に入り翌年帰郷。
- He entered Takakura Gakuryo (seminary) of the Higashi Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto in 1868, and then returned home in the following year.
- 官牧には、ほかに内厩寮が経営していた勅旨牧がある。
- Another kind of official farm is chokushimaki, managed by Naikyuryo (Bureau of administration of barn in the imperial court, the emperor's horses and the pasture).
- 呪禁博士(従六位従七位) 陰陽寮に職掌を奪われて消滅
- Jugonhakase, of Jushichiinojo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade); this position disappeared after the Onmyoryo usurped their official duties
- 本司所属の侍医・女医博士・薬生は典薬寮に移管された。
- The jii, nyoi hakase and medical students that belonged to Naiyakushi were transferred to Tenyakuryo.
- 1949年、諸陵寮と統合されて宮内庁書陵部となった。
- In 1949, it was integrated with Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) and became Imperial Household Archives.
- また、代表者は勧学寮で互選により勧学寮頭と呼ばれる。
- Its representative is called Kangaku-ryoto which is chosen by the members of Kangaku-ryo.
- 延暦11年(792年)、18歳で京の大学寮に入った。
- In 792, he entered the Daigaku-ryo (the Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) at the age of 18.
- 騎手は主に衛府や馬寮に属する地下の武官から選ばれた。
- The jockeys were selected from among the lower class military officers belonging to the ebu (the section to guard the court) or meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses).
- 第二寮はその後1970年代に京田辺校地に移築された。
- The second dormitory was moved and reconstructed at Kyotanabe-kochi in 1970's.
- The second dormitory was rebuilt at Kyotanabe Campus in the 1970's.
- 斎宮寮には寮頭以下総勢500人あまりの人々が仕えた。
- Over five hundred people in all, including the chief of Saiguryo and others, worked there.
- 吉田寮は本学吉田キャンパス吉田南構内と隣接している。
- Yoshida dormitory is adjacent to Yoshida-minami campus of Kyoto University Yoshida campus.
- 吉田寮の入寮選考は吉田寮自治会によって行われている。
- Selection for entering the dormitory is conducted by the council of Yoshida dormitory.
- 俊士は大学寮の学生たる文章生に与えられた称号である。
- Shunshi was the title given to monjosho who were students at Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- 主馬寮 - 内厩寮と左・右馬寮を統合、平安時代に廃止。
- Shumeryo (Bureau of Horses): consolidated Naikyuryo (Bureau of Imperial Barn) and the Right and Left Divisions ofImperial Horses, and was abolished in the Heian period.
- 馬寮 - 桓武天皇のとき、左右馬寮が主馬寮に統合する。
- The Right and Left Bureaus of Imperial Horses were consolidated into Shumeryo (Bureau of Horses) during the age of the Emperor Kanmu.
- 大学別曹(だいがくべっそう)は大学寮の付属機関である。
- Daigaku-besso were facilities affiliated to the Daigaku-ryo (the government facility established in the eighth century to educate students who were to become bureaucrats).
- 吉田東寮は単に「吉田寮」と改称され、現在に至っている。
- Yoshida East dormitory was renamed 'Yoshida dormitory' and has continued to exist up to the present.
- その後、天平年間には諸陵司が拡充され、諸陵寮となった。
- After that, Shoryoshi was improved during 729-748 and renamed as Shoryoryo.
- 内匠寮は神亀5年(728年)聖武天皇の時に新設された。
- Naishoryo was newly established in 728 under Emperor Shomu.
- また、大阪に造幣寮(現・造幣局 (日本))を誘致した。
- He made efforts to establish the Japan Mint in Osaka.
- 紙幣寮を国立印刷局と改め、洋式印刷で国内製造を始めた。
- Shiheiryo (paper money office) was renamed to National Printing Bureau which started to produce domestically by western printing.
- 針博士(はりはかせ)は、宮内省典薬寮に属する職員の1つ。
- Hari hakase (Doctor of acupuncture) is a member of Tenyakuryo (medical and pharmaceutical department) of the Imperial Household Ministry.
- なお、宗派によっては、学寮・学林・禅林などとも称された。
- Danrin was also called Gakuryo, Gakurin, or Zenrin in some sects.
- 普段はここで寮内の斎殿を遥拝しながら潔斎の日々を送った。
- She usually passed her purification days, worshipping Iwaidono (a building in which Kami is enshrined) that was found in Saiguryo in the distance.
- この寮は外国人留学生と日本人学生が共に生活を行う女子寮。
- This dormitory is a women's dormitory for foreign and Japanese students living together.
- 平安時代末期の安元の大火によって大学寮が事実上廃絶した。
- In the late Heian period, when the great fire of Angen occurred, Daigaku-ryo was virtually abolished.
- 元弘3年/正慶2年(1333年)6月12日、馬寮に転任。
- August 1, 1333: Transferred to the Bureau of Horses.
- 1665年、真宗本廟の寺内に設置された学寮を起源とする。
- Otani University was originally built as a seminary within the grounds of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple in 1665.
- これは『延喜式』諸陵寮の「後阿陀墓」に当たる(国史跡)。
- This is assumed to be the 'Goada's Grave' (national historical site) in Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) of the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers).
- 一、応重禁制主計主税二寮官人称前分勘多求賂遺抑留諸国公文事
- 一,応重禁制主計主税二寮官人称前分勘多求賂遺抑留諸国公文事
- 朝廷の大炊寮に貢進して京官官人の常食(月給)に充てられた。
- This was donated to the Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household) and used to pay the Kyokan kanjin's Jyoshoku (monthly salary).
- 図書寮の第二の職掌は紙・墨・筆などの製造を行うことである。
- The second official duty of Zushoryo was to produce paper, ink, ink brush and so on.
- 大舎人寮は大舎人を名簿によって管理することが職掌であった。
- Otoneriryo administered otoneri (Imperial Attendants) by the name list as its official duty.
- 主殿寮は大内裏における消耗品の管理・供給を主な職掌とした。
- Major official duties of Shudenryo were to manage and provide supplies in Daidairi (the Greater Imperial Palace).
- 御厨子所は御料の酒肴を供して、内蔵寮は王卿にこれをたまう。
- The emperor's sake (Japanese liquor) and food, prepared by the officer of Mizushi-dokoro (the cooking section in court for the emperor), was handed out by the officer of Kuraryo to the okei.
- 寮時代は戦争の真っ最中で、檜は次のように振りかえっている。
- The time when he lived in the dormitory was in the middle of the war, and he recalled as follows.
- なお、大石良雄の内蔵助はこの内蔵寮の次官ということである。
- Kuranosuke (Deputy chief of Kuraryo) Yoshio OISHI means that Yoshio was a deputy in the Kuraryo.
- 掃部寮は宮中行事に際して設営を行い、また殿中の清掃を行う。
- Kamonryo was in charge of setup when court functions were held, and cleaning the inside of the palace.
- 明倫館兵学寮総官・教授として歩・騎・砲兵士官教育を行った。
- As a director and teacher of the Meirinkan Heigakuryo military school, he instructed cavalry, infantry and bombardiers.
- 享保12年(1727年)右近衛大将・右馬寮御監に就任する。
- In 1727 he assumed the office of Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), Umaryo gogen (Inspector of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 呪禁師(じゅごんし)とは、律令制において典薬寮に属した官人。
- Jugonshi (sorcerers) were a type of official who worked in the Bureau of Medicine under the Ritsuryo system.
- 薬生自身も典薬寮の薬戸から採られたのではないかと考えられる。
- It is considered that medical students were also recruited from Yakuko of Tenyakuryo.
- 主計寮は税収(特に租庸調)を把握・監査することが職掌である。
- The job of Shukeiryo was to figure out and audit the tax revenues (especially those from So-Yo-Cho tax system).
- 主計寮(しゅけいりょう)は律令制において民部省に属した機関。
- Shukeiryo is an organization which belonged to Minbusho (civil and administrative ministry) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 主計寮の主典の一人は民部省の勾当となってその事務に専念した。
- One of the staff called Sakan of Shukeiryo became a ministry official called Koto of Minbusho and concentrated on the clerical work.
- 馬寮(めりょう/うまのつかさ)は、律令制における官司の一つ。
- Meryo (or Uma no tsukasa) refers to one of the government officials in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 主税寮(しゅぜいりょう)は律令制において民部省に属した機関。
- Shuzeiryo refers to an institution that belonged to Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 「辛酉に、天皇、藤原に幸して宮地を観す。公卿百寮、皆従なり」
- On January 23, the Empress went to Fujiwara and inspected the site for Fujiwara Palace; she was accompanied by the ministers and public functionaries.
- 修理職 - 淳和天皇のとき、一時期のみ宮内省の木工寮に統合。
- Shurishiki (The Palace Repairs Office) - consolidated with Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry) for a while at the age of the Emperor Junna.
- 本寮は、北寮・中寮・南寮の三棟がE字型に並ぶ配置をしている。
- The dormitory consists of three buildings, the north building, the center building and the south building, and they are placed in an E-shape.
- ただし、その後も馬寮の荘園や牧場として鎌倉時代まで残された。
- However, they remained as Shoen (manor) or farms of Meryo up to the Kamakura period.
- 10代武者小路公共は駐ドイツ大使や宮内省宗秩寮総裁を務めた。
- Kintomo MUSHANOKOJI the tenth served as the Japanese ambassador to Germany and the director-general of Sochitsuryo (Imperial Household Affairs Division).
- あ、みんなには内緒だよ?寮を夜中に抜け出すのは厳罰だからね?
- Oh, that's a secret, OK? Because slipping out of the dorm in the night is severely punished.
- 彼はこの寮ですべての1年生の組の女性指導者として従事している
- he serves as den mother to all the freshmen in this dormitory
- そして副寮母と二人の寄宿している婦人もその賛辞を聞いていた。
- And the sub-matron and two of the Board ladies had heard the compliment.
- 斎宮寮の役所は伊勢国多気郡に置かれ斎宮はその内院で暮らした。
- Saigu lived in the innermost house of the Saiguryo office, which was placed in Taki County in Ise Province.
- 1238年(嘉禎4年)2月9日 (旧暦)、左馬寮御監を兼帯。
- On February 9, 1238, he was assigned additional post of Samaryo gogen (Inspector of the Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 再び学寮に赴き護法場でキリスト教など仏教以外の諸学を修めた。
- He went back to the Takakura Gakuryo and pursued various studies such as Christianity other than Buddhism at Gohojo (research and educational institute for studies other than Buddhism).
- 諸陵寮(しょりょうりょう)は律令制において治部省に属する機関。
- The Shoryoryo was an organization which belonged to Jibu-sho Ministry (the Ministry of Civil Administration) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 学館院(がっかんいん)は大学寮に付属する大学別曹の一つである。
- Gakkanin is a type of Daigaku-besso (academic facility for nobles) that belongs to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 9世紀後半になると縫殿寮の別所(分局)として糸所が設けられた。
- In the late ninth century, Itodokoro was established as the betsudokoro (branch office) of Nuidonoryo.
- 馬寮使:(まりょうのつかい左馬允という左馬寮の官吏を充てた)。
- Maryo no tsukai: Sama no jo (third officer of the Horse Office of the Left) was dispatched).
- このため、大学(寮)直曹である文章院に対して大学別曹と呼んだ。
- These dormitories were called Daigaku-besso to distinguish them from the Monjoin which was a Jikiso of the Daigaku-ryo.
- 東京大学駒場寮が閉寮した現在、現存する最古の大学寄宿舎である。
- At present, it is the oldest existing university dormitory since Komaba dormitory of Tokyo University was already abolished.
- 大学寮から、康治元年(1142年)正六位・右少史に任じられる。
- In 1142, he was transferred from the Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), promoted to Shorokui (Senior Sixth Rank) and appointed the ushoshi (Junior Secretary of the Right).
- 同志社大学には自治寮とは別に大学が管理、運営する寮が存在する。
- There is a dormitory at Doshisha University which is managed and operated by the university, which is very different from the autonomy dormitory.
- 「自治寮」という考え方については、学生運動の流れを汲んでいる。
- The idea of an 'autonomous dormitory came from a student movement.
- 校門のところで、女子寮の方から登校してきた美留と鉢合わせした。
- I bumped into Miru at the school gates, just as she was arriving from the girls' dormitory.
- 文章博士(もんじょうはかせ)は、大学寮紀伝道の教官(令外官)。
- Monjo hakase of Daigaku-ryo (大学寮: an institute for the training of government officials established under ritsuryo-sei [a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes], which belonged to Shikibu-sho [Ministry in charge of ceremonies in the Nara and Heian periods]) was a teacher of kiden-do (the study of histories, one of the subjects taught at Daigaku-ryo), and was ryoge-no-kan (a government post outside those determined under ritsuryo-sei).
- しかし寮母は付き合っててすごく優しい人だし、それは上品だった。
- but the matron was such a nice person to deal with, so genteel.
- 罰の手段として(男子生徒の)活動を寮またはキャンパスに制限する
- restrict (school boys') movement to the dormitory or campus as a means of punishment
- 永平寺の学寮にいたとき、誰の仕業か、寺の釣鐘が下ろされていた。
- When he was in a dormitory of Eihei-ji Temple, a hanging bell was put down by somebody.
- 主に外記や神祇官、大学寮や陰陽寮に属する諸道の学者などが行った。
- Such a survey was principally conducted by Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), Jingikan (department of worship) and scholars of Shodo (various fields of academy) belonged to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) or Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 雅楽寮(うたりょう)は、律令制において治部省に属する機関である。
- Utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) was an organization belonging to the Jibusho (the ministry of civil administration) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 大学寮の学生は基本的に寮内の寄宿舎で暮らし、そこで授業を受けた。
- Basically, Daigaku-ryo's students lived in school dormitories, where they were given lectures.
- 天台教学の整備につとめ論議書の編纂、勧学寮の整備振興につとめた。
- He strived to systemize the doctrine of the Tendai Sect, compile a book of discussion and construct a learning dormitory.
- 学費は立命館が、寮費食費は京都サンガF.C.が全面的に負担する。
- School expenses are covered by Ritsumeikan, and dormitory and food expenses are covered by Kyoto Sanga F.C. completely.
- 2006年(平成18年)、本寮の存続に関わる大きな動きが起こる。
- An important movement concerning the continued existence of the dormitory occurred in 2006.
- 入学時は一高の一年先輩の三木清の下宿に転がり込んだが、後に入寮。
- He initially lived in the lodging of Kiyoshi MIKI, who was one year ahead of Tanigawa at the former First School, as a free-loading lodger, but later entered the dormitory.
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮に恵我藻伏崗陵(えがのもふしのおかのみささぎ)。
- In the paragraph on Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) in 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), there appears Ega no Mofushi no oka Mausoleum.
- 門の東西に左馬寮の杖舎があったことから、「左馬陣」の異名を持つ。
- Since there were Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses) on the east and west side, this gate is also called 'Sama no jin.'
- 安倍友徳は、初め刑部省兼陰陽寮の賀茂定弘より陰陽道を学んでいた。
- He studied Onmyodo with Sadahiro KAMO of the Onmyoryo (the Bureau of Divination) under the Gyobusho (the Ministry of Justice).
- 1871年(明治4年)9月に創設された司法省明法寮を起源にもつ。
- Ho-gakko was originated from Meiho-ryo (Institute for Legal Studies) of Ministry of Justice which was founded in September 1871.
- 京都大学総合人間学部、人間・環境学研究科、吉田寮 東大路通北東角
- Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, and Yoshida Dormitory of Kyoto University at the north-eastern junction with Higashioji-dori Street.
- さらに右近衛大将・右馬寮御監ともなったが、同年中に任職を辞した。
- Furthermore, he became Udaisho (major captain of the right division of inner palace guards) and Umaryo gogen (inspector of the right division of the Bureau of Horses), but resigned from these posts within the same year.
- 寮や司よりも格が高く上級機関に対してやや強い独立性を持っている。
- Shiki was ranked higher than Ryo and Tsukasa and relatively independent of higher organizations.
- 地域社会のニーズに合ったカリキュラムを提供する、寮のない短期大学
- a nonresidential junior college offering a curriculum fitted to the needs of the community
- 重要な部署が多く、廃止されたのはわずかに一つ(散位寮)しかない。
- Ryo had a lot of important branches, and only one branch, Sanniryo, was abolished.
- 料紙・墨・筆などは図書寮、朱沙は蔵人所、軸は木工寮などが調達した。
- Writing paper, ink and brushes were supplied by Zushoryo, shusa by Kurododokoro, and shafts by Mokuryo.
- 諸陵寮・諸陵司の職掌は陵墓の管理・喪葬・皇族葬儀の儀礼などである。
- Official duties of the Shoryoryo/Shoryo-shi included management of imperial mausoleums, mourning and funeral rites for the imperial family.
- 東鴻臚館は承和6年(839年)に典薬寮所管の御薬園へと改められた。
- Higashi-no-Korokan was renamed Oyakuen in 839, which was controlled by the Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine).
- 呪禁博士(じゅごんはかせ)とは、律令制において典薬寮に属した官人。
- The jugon hakase (Master Sorcerer) was an official for the Bureau of Medicine under the Ritsuryo system.
- 文章院(もんじょういん)は、大学寮紀伝道の直曹(講堂及び寄宿舎)。
- Monjoin was a University Jikiso (facilities) (such as a lecture room and student dormitory) for Kidendo (the study of the histories) of Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 教育課程は中央の大学寮・典薬寮とほぼ同じ内容であったと考えられる。
- It is contemplated that their curricula were almost the same as those of daigakuryo (the bureau of education)/tenyakuryo (the bureau of medicine) established by the central government.
- 縫殿寮は宮中用衣服製造の監督と後宮女官の人事を主な職掌としていた。
- Principal duties of Nuidonoryo were the supervision of the production of court dresses and the personnel affairs of nyokan of kokyu (empress's residence).
- 室町幕府・江戸幕府では征夷大将軍がその上に立つ馬寮御監を兼務した。
- In the Muromachi and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') concurrently took the post of Meryo gogen ranked higher than it.
- 主税寮の名称は現在、財務省 (日本)財務省主税局に継承されている。
- The name of Shuzeiryo has been succeeded by Shuzeikyoku (Taxation Bureau) of the Ministry of Finance (Japan).
- まず大学寮の寮試にて中国正史より問題を出題して擬文章生を選抜した。
- First, gimonjosho were chosen in the examination at the daigakuryo, which asked questions about Chinese historiography.
- 勧学寮では寮生に食事が出され、与えられたものは質素なものであった。
- The Kangakuryo served students with meals which were spartan.
- 明治時代の文明開化以降に作られた唱歌や寮歌、軍歌を中心に見られる。
- This meter is seen mainly in Shoka, Ryoka, and Gunka (songs) which were made after civilization and enlightenment in Meiji Period.
- これに反発した有力氏族が相次いで寮の外に一族用の寄宿舎を建設した。
- Reacting against this situation, other powerful clans built their own dormitories outside the Daigaku-ryo one after the other.
- そのこともあって1972年に寮運営委員会は解散して自治寮になった。
- Because of that, the management of the dormitory committee was dissolved and it became an autonomous dormitory in 1972.
- 入寮選考は一次選考と二次選考があり、2月下旬、3月上旬に行われる。
- The selection for applicants is done twice, at the end of February and at the beginning of March.
- 特殊技能を持った手工業者で図書寮の紙戸や大蔵省の狛戸などが代表的。
- Shinabe were handicraftsmen with special skills as represented by Kamiko of Zushiryo and Komahe of Okurasho.
- 主計寮・主税寮の算師は定員はともに2名、位階相当は従八位下である。
- Two sanshi were appointed to both the Kazueryo and Shuzeiryo, and their equivalent rank was Juhachinoge (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 陵戸は諸陵寮(諸陵司)、官戸と官奴婢は官奴司のちに主殿寮が管轄した。
- Ryoko were under the control of Shoryoryo (the Bureau of Imperial Mausolea) (or Shoryoji), and Kanko and Kunuhi were under the control of Yakko-no-tsukasa (director in charge of registers of male and female public slaves, and their allotment lands), later Tonomori-no-tsukasa (Bureau of Household).
- 主計寮の名称は現在、財務省 (日本)主計局・主計官に継承されている。
- The name, Shukeiryo has remained as Shukeikyoku (Budget Bureau) and Shukeikan (a budget officer) of Ministry of Finance (Japan) now.
- 木工寮(もくりょう)は律令制日本の律令制において宮内省に属する機関。
- Mokuryo refers to an institution that belonged to Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) of Japan adopting the Ritsuryo system.
- 大宝律令に定められた雅楽寮には伎楽師もおかれ、国家の保護がなされた。
- Gigaku performers were assigned to Utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) regulated by the Taiho Code and supported by the government.
- ただし、実際の運営は設置した氏族に属し、大学寮の統制下にはなかった。
- However, they were operated by their founder families, and not controlled by Daigaku-ryo.
- 1941年(昭和16年)に中寮の一部を焼失したが、すぐに再建された。
- Although the center building was burned down in 1941, it was reconstructed soon after.
- 1968年後期の寮自治会委員長として学生部封鎖や総長団交を推進した。
- He was the chairman of the dormitory council in the latter half of 1968 and spearheaded a blockade of the office of the student affairs department as well as negotiations with the president of the university.
- このために当初は天皇直属の厩を管理していた内厩寮の下に置かれていた。
- For that reason Chokushimaki was under the control of Naikyuryo (Bureau of administration of barn in the imperial court) in the beginning.
- 宗秩寮爵位課長を務めた酒巻芳男は華族の特権を次のようにまとめている。
- Yoshio SAKAMAKI who assumed joshaku section manager at Sochitsuryo (Imperial Household Affairs Division) put together the privileges of the kazoku class as follows:
- 内蔵寮(くらりょう)は律令制日本の律令制において中務省に属した機関。
- The Kuraryo is an institution affiliated with the Ministry of Central Affairs of the Ritsuryo system during the Ritsuryo system period of Japan.
- 興国4年/康永2年(1343年)に近衛府・馬寮・大納言に任じられる。
- In 1343, he was appointed to a post at Konoefu and a post at Meryo (the section that takes care of the imperial horses) and to Dainagon.
- 永正14年(1517年)再度権大納言となり、右近衛大将・馬寮を兼務。
- In 1517, he became Gon Dainagon again, also assuming the position as Ukone no daisho (major captain of the right division of inner palace guards) and additionally a post at Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses).
- 1911年 真宗大学、真宗高倉大学寮と統合され、真宗大谷大学と改称。
- 1911: Shinshu University and Shinshu Takakura Daigakuryo were integrated and renamed as Shinshu Otani University.
- なお、1990年代以降における学生寮と同志社大学の関係は良好である。
- The relationship between the dormitory and Doshisha University has been positive since the 1990s.
- A: 私は高井百合子です。 私は今日入寮することになっています。
- A: My name is Yuriko Takai. I'm supposed to move into the dorm today.
- 同時に、授刀舎人寮を掌握して時には太政官を牽制する立場にも立ちえた。
- In addition, he was in a position to check Daijokan when necessary since he was in charge of jutoneriryo (the office of Imperial guards).
- 斎宮寮(さいぐうりょう)は日本の律令制において伊勢に置かれた令外官。
- Saiguryo was an extra statutory office established under the ritsuryo system, placed in Ise Province.
- 内蔵助(くらのすけ 内藏助)は通称であり、内蔵寮の次官のことである。
- Kuranosuke (a position of the Bureau of Palace Storehouses) is a common name and refers to the undersecretary of Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses).
- 漏刻博士(ろうこくはかせ)は、日本律令制において陰陽寮に置かれた博士。
- Rokoku Hakase was a post appointed by Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
- 呪禁師(従六位正八位) 呪文等によって治療・陰陽寮に職掌を奪われて消滅
- Jugonshi, of Shohachiinojo (Senior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade), who attempted to heal patients using incantations; jugonshi disappeared from the Tenyakuryo after their official duties were usurped by the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 典薬寮は宮廷官人への医療、医療関係者の養成および薬園等の管理を行った。
- Those working at the Tenyakuryo provided medical care--and trained those who offered such care--for the officials at court, as well as overseeing gardens of medicinal herbs and other such projects.
- 同様の官司として春宮坊の主殿署、後宮の殿司、斎宮寮の殿部司などがある。
- As similar government officials, Shudensho (Housekeeping office) of Togubo (Crown Prince's Quarters), Tonomorizukasa (housekeeping branch of the Imperial Household Ministry) of Kokyu (empress's residence), Tonomoribe no tsukasa of Saiguryo (the Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise) and so on existed.
- 陰陽博士(おんみょうはかせ)は、律令制で陰陽寮に設置された教官の1つ。
- Onmyo hakase was a teaching position created at the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 太政官左大史が別当を、中務省監物と主計寮が勾当を努めてこれを管理した。
- Both Betto (chief officer) entrusted to the Sadaishi (First Secretary of the Left) of the Daijokan, and Koto (secretary) entrusted to both Kenmotsu of Nakatsukasa-sho (the Ministry of Central Affairs) and Kazue-ryo managed this facility.
- 斎宮寮 - 斎宮の用を勤め、伊勢太神宮、伊勢の神領に関する事務を掌る。
- Saiguryo (Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise Shrine): worked for Saigu (imperial princess appointed to serve Ise Shrine) and was in charge of clerical work concerning the affairs of the shrine and the shrine estate.
- その結果、吉田寮はその後も京都大学の学生寮として存続することとなった。
- As a result, Yoshida dormitory has since continued to exist as the student dormitory of Kyoto University.
- 吉田寮では、前述の閉寮反対運動に関連して、入寮対象者を拡大していった。
- Yoshida dormitory has eased the requirements for entering as a part of the above-mentioned opposition movement against the closure of dormitory.
- 711年(和銅4年)2月2日 (旧暦) 馬寮監(めりょうげん)(28)
- February 2, 711: Meryogen (Chief of the Bureau of Horses) (28)
- そのため宮中の施設管理・維持を行う主殿寮と職掌が重なるところがあった。
- Therefore, some of its official duties overlapped with those of Tonomo-ryo (Bureau of Grounds) which managed and maintained facilities in the Imperial Court.
- 定員はそれぞれ1名、位階などの待遇は主計寮・主税寮と同じとされていた。
- One person was appointed to each of the posts, and their treatments, including their rank, were set to the same as those at Kazueryo and Shuzeiryo.
- 『延喜式』「陰陽寮」には宮中における陰陽師の司った祭りの記録が見える。
- Ceremonies conducted by Onmyoji in the Imperial Court have been recorded in 'Onmyoryo' of 'Engishiki.'
- 寮(つかさ・りょう)は日本古代の律令制における官司の等級の一つである。
- Ryo was a rank in government offices under the ancient Japanese ritsuryo legal code system.
- 元和 (日本)9年(1623年)3月5日、右近衛大将・右馬寮御監兼任。
- On March 5, 1623, he was appointed to Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards and Inspector of the Right Division Bureau of Horses.
- 職務内容の共通性から馬寮と院御厩の職員を兼ねることは自然なことであり、
- It was not unusual that Tadamori held positions in both the Meryo and the Miumaya no tsukasa considering the similarities of the duties.
- 京都で馬寮在任中にこの報せを聞いた子の平貞盛は休暇を申請して急遽帰国。
- His son TAIRA no Sadamori, who had heard the news during his term at Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) in Kyoto, applied for vacation to go back home in a hurry.
- 1876年に大久保利通の推挙により勧業寮に出仕し、製茶業務に従事した。
- In 1876, he was recommended by Toshimichi Okubo for serving for Kangyoryo (Industrial Agency) and played an active role in producing Japanese tea.
- 従って、麻植保から上がる年貢は、宮中にある内蔵寮へ納める事になっている。
- Therefore nengu (land tax) collected from Oe no ho was customarily deposited with the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) of the Imperial Court.
- この省の被官の官司は令制では1職 (律令制)6寮 (律令制)3司あった。
- Government offices under high-ranked offices in Nakatsukasa-sho were categorized into one-shiki (the Ritsuryo system), six-ryo (the Ritsuryo system) and three-shi under the Ritsuryo system.
- 玄蕃寮(げんばりょう)は、日本の律令制において治部省に属する機関である。
- Genba-ryo was one of the institutions belonging to Jibusho (the Ministry of Civil Administration) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
- なお、『延喜式』内匠寮式には天皇の瑪瑙帯の材料等が詳しくのせられている。
- 'The Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), showing the manners and customs of the Bureau of Skilled Artisans, describes in detail the materials and other aspects of the agate belts worn by the Emperor.
- そのため、「在寮期限」到来時には多数の寮生が居住するという事態に至った。
- As a result, many students still lived in the dormitory at the time of the above 'time limit.'
- 駐車スペースを白いラインで囲み、「学寮長専用」という掲示板が立っている。
- There were white lines around it, and it had a notice saying, 'Reserved for Head of College.'
- この間の寛政元年(1789年)には右近衛大将・右馬寮御監にも任じられる。
- During this period, in 1789 he was also appointed to Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), Umaryo gogen (Inspector of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 書道(しょどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、書道について教えた学科。
- Shodo was the study of calligraphy under the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education) of Japan's Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 明経道の博士家は書道 (大学寮)・音道として事実上統合・家学化していった。
- The Hakase family of Myogyodo almost unified it into hereditary learning as Shodo (calligraphy) (Daigakuryo) and Ondo (study of pronunciation of Chinese language).
- 御影堂の再建や学寮の開設、浄土真宗の祖親鸞の四百回忌法要などを行っている。
- He conducted several actions, including reestablishing Goei-do Hall (hall dedicated to the sect's founder), establishing Gakuryo (a dormitory), and performing the Buddhist memorial service of the four hundredth anniversary of the death of Shinran, the founder of the Jodo Shinshu.
- 平城天皇の皇女で、母は宮人の贈従三位伊勢継子(正四位下木工寮伊勢老人女)。
- She was a princess of Emperor Heizei, and her mother was a court lady, zo jusanmi (Junior Third Rank, posthumously conferred), ISE no Tsugiko (daughter of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry) ISE no Okina).
- 高辻是綱(位階・大学寮)(1030年 - 1107年)は在良の兄に当たる。
- Koretsuna TAKATSUJI (Court Rank, the Bureau of Education, 1030 - 1107) was Ariyoshi's elder brother.
- 常楽庵開山堂・昭堂、客殿(普門院)、塔司寮(書院)、庫裏、楼門、鐘楼、裏門
- Joraku-an Kaisando, Shodo, Kyakuden (guest hall) (Fumonin), Tassuryo (reception building), Kuri (priest's living quarters or kitchen), Romon gate, Bell tower, Uramon (rear gate).
- また、吉田寮は現存する国立大学法人の学生寮としてはもっとも古い存在である。
- And Yoshida-Ryo is the oldest student dormitory in Japan of all national university corporations' ones.
- 寛延3年(1750年)に武家伝奏を辞職し、右近衛大将・右馬寮御監に転じた。
- In 1750 he resigned as buke tenso and transferred to Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), Umaryo gogen (Inspector of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 掃部寮(かもんりょう)は、律令制日本の律令制において宮内省に属する令外官。
- Kamonryo refers to Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) under the Ritsuryo system in Ritsuryo Japan.
- 1240年(仁治元年)10月24日 (旧暦)、左近衛大将左馬寮御監に復任。
- On October 24, 1240, he resumed positions of Sakone no daisho and Samaryo gogen.
- この為、陰陽寮は賀茂忠行が活躍した時代には人員が少なくなってしまっていた。
- As a result, in the period in which KAMO no Tadayuki played an important role, the staffs of Onmyoryo had been reduced in number.
- 将門追討の恩賞として木工助(宮内省の宮殿造営職である木工寮の次官)に就任。
- As a reward for his achievement in hunting down and killing Masakado, Tamenori was appointed Mokunosuke (Vice-governor of the Bureau of Public Works which was called 'Mokunoryo' in Japanese and was in charge of construction of palaces under the Imperial Household Ministry known as the Kunai-sho in Japanese).
- 御典医(ごてんい)とは、典薬寮に所属する医師のことであり、単に典医ともいう。
- Goteni (御典医) were doctors who belonged to Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) in the Imperial Court, and were simply called teni.
- また寮とは、現在に例えるならば局、院、外局の庁、または付属大学校に相当する。
- Incidentally, the word '-ryo,' if it can be defined in a modern sense, corresponds to the following organizations: bureaus, authorities, agencies of extra-ministerial bureaus, or governmental universities.
- 算道(さんどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、算術・数学を研究する学科。
- Sando (the study of mathematics) was a department for the study of arithmetic and mathematics in the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo Code) in ancient Japan.
- 律令制のもとでは大学寮の博士あるいはこれに近い学識を有する人物が任命された。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), a professor of the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) or an individual with similar education and experience was appointed to the position of Jidoku.
- 図書寮(ずしょりょう)は日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
- Zushoryo was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
- 紙屋院(かみやいん)は図書寮の別所(付属機関)で紙の製造を主任務としていた。
- Kamiyain mainly produced paper in bessho (affiliated organization) of Zushoryo.
- 大舎人寮(おおとねりりょう)は律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
- Otoneriryo was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 天文博士(てんもんはかせ)は、古代日本の律令制において、陰陽寮に属した官職。
- Tenmon hakase was a government post belonging to Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) in the ritsuryo system of ancient Japan.
- 掃部司 - 嵯峨天皇のとき、宮内省の内掃部司と統合して宮内省の掃部寮を設置。
- Office of Housekeeping: consolidated with Uchi no Kanimori no Tsukasa (Office of Inner House Keeping) of Kunaisho into Kamonryo (Bureau of Housekeeping) of Kunaisho during the age of the Emperor Saga.
- 明治2年3月、公議所がひらかれたとき、制度寮撰修森有礼は佩刀禁止を提議した。
- In March 1869, Arinori MORI, who engaged in compilation of regulations, proposed to ban carrying a sword in a meeting of Kogisho (the lower house).
- その後編纂された延喜式の玄蕃寮格式も後世の統教権に基づく規制の典拠とされた。
- Genba-ryo kakushiki (formality of the Bureau of Buddhism and Aliens) in Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), which was compiled later, was also considered as the basis of regulations grounded in tokyo-ken in succeeding generations.
- その後、明治23年に宮内省主猟寮属となり、宮内省(現宮内庁)の直轄となった。
- Thereafter, it was affiliated to the Shuryoryo (division of hunting) of the Imperial Household Ministry (current Imperial Household Agency) in 1890.
- これはつまり、大学当局も入寮資格の拡大を公式に追認しているということである。
- The above means that the authority of the university officially confirmed the easing of the requirements for entering the dormitory.
- 基本は性別ごとの寮であるが、唯一男女寮なのが今出川校地内にあるアーモスト寮。
- Dormitories are basically separated by sex, but Amherst Dormitory in Imadegawa Campus is the only mixed dormitory.
- 内匠寮(ないしょうりょう)は律令制において中務省に属する令外官の一つである。
- Naishoryo is one of the ranks outside the Ritsuryo system belonging to the Nakatsukasa-sho (Ministry of Central Affairs) under the Ritsuryo system.
- 八省の下に属する寮 (律令制)や司、署、国司に属する郡司などがそれにあたる。
- The Hikan (low ranking clerks) were attached to bureaus within the eight ministries that existed under the Ritsuryo system and, were also attached to offices, sections and village offices in the provinces.
- さらに11世紀後半になると天皇の衣服を生産する御服所が内蔵寮頭邸に創設された。
- In the late 11th century, Ofukudokoro, an institution in charge of the production of the emperor's clothes, was established at the residence of the head of Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses).
- 大炊寮(おおいりょう)とは日本の律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
- Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens) is a bureau of Kunaisho (the Ministry of the Imperial Household) under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
- またクラークは寮での米食を禁止し、ライスカレーのみを例外としたといわれている。
- Clark is said to have prohibited eating rice in the dormitory with the only exception of rice curry.
- 9月末から10月上旬にかけて学生センター職員が二度にわたって吉田寮を訪問した。
- From the end of September to early October, officers of the student center visited Yoshida dormitory twice.
- 巻24の主計寮上には、全国への庸、租庸調、中男作物の割り当て等が書かれている。
- The volume 24 is Account Office (Kazue-ryo) I, which contains assignments of Yo, Soyocho, and Chunan Sakumotsu tax in the nation.
- 推古天皇前記十一月の条、「百寮、表を上りて勧進る。三に至りて乃ち従ひたまふ。」
- An article from November of Emperor Suiko states, 'Many vassals went out to ask for donations for a temple. 三に至りて乃ち従ひたまふ.'
- 1655年(明暦元年) 承応の教義論争に端を発して、幕府の命により学寮を廃止。
- In A.D.1655, Gakuryo was ordered to dissolve by the Tokugawa shogunate because of the dispute in Syo'o over the Jodo Shinshu teachings.
- これらの多くは統廃合によって廃止されたり、内匠寮の圧迫によって衰退していった。
- Most of them were streamlined by merger and abolition or declined under the pressure of Naishoryo.
- 掌の前には各官司名が入り(官掌・省掌など)後には職・寮などにも多数設置された。
- Sho was suffixed onto the respective office names like Kansho, Shosho, and in the later ages, Sho were placed in a lot of offices of Shiki and Ryo.
- 大学寮に属して、明経道の学生に経書の白読(中国語(漢音)による音読)を教えた。
- The On hakase belonged to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system), and taught hakudoku (pronunciation of Chinese language in kanon (Han reading of Chinese characters)) of Keisho (most important documents in Confucianism) to gakusho (students) of Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics).
- 左馬頭は宮中の軍馬を管理する馬寮の長官であり、平治の乱以前は義朝が務めていた。
- Sama no kami was the head of the Meryo government office of harnesses and horses in Mimaki ranch that controlled the war horses of the Imperial court; however, Yoshitomo was in this position before the Heiji-no-ran War.
- 忠盛は右馬権頭・左馬権頭を歴任し、宮中の馬を管理する馬寮の職務に携わっていた。
- Tadamori held positions such as Uma no gon no kami and Sama no gon no kami; and, was involved in the Meryo (Bureau of Horses), which managed horses in the imperial palace.
- 事実上の地租改正終了が宣言され、残務は大蔵省租税局(旧・租税寮)に継承された。
- As the end of the Land-Tax Reform was declared, remaining works were taken over by Sozei-Kyoku (Land-Tax Bureau) (former Sozei-Ryo; Land-Tax Bureau).
- 散位寮(さんにりょう)は古代日本の律令制において式部省に属する機関の一つである。
- Sanniryo was one of the institutions belonging to Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient Japan.
- 次いで貴族や院のところにも御服所が設置されるに及び縫殿寮はほぼ有名無実と化した。
- Further, similar Ofukudokoro was established at the residence of court nobles and retired emperors, and Nuidonoryo became almost nominal.
- 天皇の身辺を警護した内舎人(うどねり・中務省)・大舎人(おおとねり・大舎人寮)。
- Udoneri (ministerial equerry in Nakatsukasasho [Ministry of Central Affairs]) and otoneri (imperial attendants in Otoneriryo [Bureau of otoneri]) guarded an emperor.
- 左右馬寮(めりょう)・左右兵庫・内兵庫・造兵司などの兵部省被官諸司も中央軍事力。
- Various offices in Hyobusho including Left/Right division of Meryo (the bureau of horses), Left/Right division of Hyogo (the bureau of military storehouses), Inner division of Hyogo and Zoheishi (weapons-manufacturing office) were also the central army.
- 宇治茶製品の販売や、和風喫茶「茶寮都路里」(さりょうつじり)の営業を行っている。
- It sells Uji tea products, and runs a Japanese style teahouse 'Saryo Tsujiri.'
- これを受けて吉田寮では、受諾の可否とその際の交渉条件について昼夜議論がなされた。
- Yoshida dormitory's residents discussed day and night about the pros and cons of the proposal as well as the conditions of the negotiation.
- 御悩危急(急病)により承安2年(1172年)5月3日に寮頭館に退下し、同日薨去。
- On June 3, 1172, she was accommodated in ryonokami no yakata (a building inside Saigu Palace, which is for unmarried princesses serving at Ise-jingu Palace) due to her sudden illness, and she passed away on the same day.
- 平氏一門は院庁別当・左馬寮・内蔵寮などの要職を占め、政治への影響力を増大させた。
- The Taira family took charge of several important offices, including the posts of Innocho Betto (chief administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office), Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses), and Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), thereby greatly increasing their political influence over the government.
- 内教坊別当を経て、嘉吉2年(1442年)には右近衛大将・右馬寮御監に任じられる。
- After assuming Naikyobo no Betto (the chief of Naikyobo, a place in Imperial Palace where singing and dancing was taught), he was appointed to Ukone no daisho (the major captain of the right division of inner palace guards) and Umaryo gogen (an inspector of the right division of Bureau of Horses) in 1442.
- そのため鍵を実際に取り扱う中務省の典鑰や大蔵省・内蔵寮の主鑰を実質的に統率した。
- Therefore, Kenmotsu virtually ruled Tenyaku of Nakatsukasasho, Shuyaku of Okurasho and Kuraryo, all of which dealt with the keys.
- 斎宮寮は伊勢神宮に奉仕していた未婚の皇女斎宮(伊勢斎王)一般の世話を職掌とする。
- Saiguryo looked after the dairy life of maiden Imperial princesses Saigu (Ise Saio), who served as priestesses of the Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 文政2年(1819年)、江戸に出て、駒込吉祥寺 (東京都文京区)の加賀寮に入る。
- In 1819, he went to Edo, and got a room in the Kaga dormitory of Komagome Kichijo-ji Temple (Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo).
- 1873年より、大蔵省租税寮を中心として地租改正の作業が本格的に進められていた。
- Since 1873, Land-Tax Bureau of the Ministry of Finance had been proceeding Land-Tax Reform in full-scale.
- このことから、経営基盤を失った大学寮と新たに当該地を得た穀倉院の間で対立が生じた。
- As a result, a conflict occurred between Daigaku-ryo, which lost its financial base, and Kokusoin, which obtained new territory.
- 明経道(みょうぎょうどう)は、日本律令制の大学寮において儒学を研究・教授した学科。
- Myogyodo was a department that studied and instructed on Confucianism as part the Daigakuryo, an educational institution under the Ritsuryo system (the system of centralized administration established by the ritsuryo legal codes) of Japan.
- 図書寮本の成立した当時、「いさぎよし」の「いさ」の部分を高く発音したことが分かる。
- The implication is that the syllable 'いさ' (also written as イサ) of 'いさぎよし' (also written as イサギヨシ) was pronounced with high pitch when the Zushoryo manuscript was compiled.
- 星ヶ岡茶寮(現存しない) - もとは岩倉具視らの援助で東京・永田町に開業した料亭。
- Hoshigaoka-saryo (no longer exist) - Originally, it was a ryotei opened in Nagata-cho of Tokyo with the help of Tomomi IWAKURA and others.
- 天平年間のいずれかに、雅楽寮に散楽戸がおかれ、朝廷によって保護される芸能となった。
- Sangaku-ko (Sangaku Section) was established in utaryo (Bureau of Traditional Music) sometime in the Tenpyo era and Sangaku became an art protected by the Imperial court.
- 馬寮の官職は清和源氏ゆかりのもので次期将軍候補とされた人物が歴任する事も多かった。
- The position at the head of Meryo (the imperial horse caring section) dates back to Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), and was often held by a supposed heir to the Shogunate.
- 使用者は、寮長、室長その他寄宿舎生活の自治に必要な役員の選任に干渉してはならない。
- An employer shall not interfere in the selection of dormitory leaders, room leaders, and other leaders necessary for the autonomy of dormitory life.
- 「なあ、寮の門限って何時だっけ?」「21時よ」「やばい、走らないと間に合わないぞ」
- 'Hey, when do the dorms lock up?' '9 o'clock' 'Whoops, if we don't run we won't make it!'
- 以前同志社大学の布哇寮であり、現在は同志社フレンドピースハウスとして活用されている。
- It used to be the Hawaii Dormitory of Doshisha University, and it is currently used as Doshisha Friend Peace House.
- It used to be the Hawaii Dormitory of Doshisha University, and is currently utilized as Doshisha Friend Peace House.
- 陰陽寮(おんみょうりょう)は、律令制日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関のひとつ。
- The Onmyoryo was one of the bureaus in Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 1886年(明治19年)には宮内省官制が定められ、2課5職6寮4局の組織が定まった。
- In 1886, regulations for Ministry of the Imperial Household were established and the organization of two sections, five offices (shiki), six bureaus, and four departments was set up.
- 同志社大学の学生寮は、居住する学生自身によって管理・運営される点が大きな特徴である。
- The big feature of the student dormitory of Doshisha University is that it is managed and run by the students who live there.
- ほとんどの学生がコンピュータとテレビを持って来たので、大学は、寮に新たに電線を張った
- the university rewired the dormitories when most students brought computers and television sets
- 後に大蔵省・大炊寮と言った正式な官司や摂関家家司にも年預が設置された記録が見られる。
- A historical book described that the position of Nenyo was also provided later for government officials such as the Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury) and Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household) as well as for the Keishi (household superintendent) of the Sekkan families (Sekkanke).
- 明法博士(みょうほうはかせ)は、古代日本の律令制下において大学寮に属した官職の一つ。
- Myoho hakase was an official post affiliated with the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education) under the ancient Japanese ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- 職・寮・司の中で最も格が低いため、現業部門が多く平安時代に大部分が整理・統合された。
- As Tsukasa was ranked lower than Shiki and Ryo, it included a lot of branches in charge of work-site operations, most of which were consolidated during the Heian period.
- 1887年5月24日、造幣寮の創業・鉄道の発展に貢献した功績により子爵を授けられる。
- On May 24, 1887, he was given the title of Viscount because of his contributions to the establishment of the Mint and the development of railways.
- 1871年、高倉学寮で教鞭を取っていた福井県憶念寺南条神興の養子となり南条姓に改姓。
- In 1871, he was adopted to Jinko NANJO in the Okunen-ji Temple who taught at the Takakura Gakuryo, and changed his last name to Nanjo.
- そのため紙幣寮で「明治通宝」の文言や「大蔵卿」の印官印などを補って印刷し完成させた。
- Thus, they added the words ''Meiji Tsuho'' and the official seal of ''Okurakyo (Minister of the Treaty) '' before printing.
- 中務省陰陽寮に属して、毎年の造暦(暦の作成)と改暦、日食の予測、暦生の教育にあたった。
- The Reki Hakase belonged to the Bureau of Onmyo in the Nakatsukasa Department, and was responsible for the preparation and revision of the annual calendar, forecasting solar eclipses and educating Reki no sho (students of calendar preparation).
- 紀伝道(きでんどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、歴史(主に中国史)を教えた学科。
- Kidendo is a subject in the daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code)) in Japan under the Ritsuryo system in which history (mainly Chinese history) was taught.
- 図書寮の第一の職掌は国家の蔵書を管理することで現在でいう国立図書館の役割を担っていた。
- The first official duty of Zushoryo was to control the state's library and it played a role of national library.
- その後の葬儀は諸陵寮が取り仕切るようになり、併合されてからは用具の管理が専門となった。
- After absorption, Shoryoryo came to manage funerals and Sogishi was responsible only for management of the equipments.
- 数学知識が必要となるため、頭か助は必ず算博士が兼ねるなど大学寮の算道出身者が活躍した。
- Since knowledge of mathematics was required, persons from Sando (study of mathematics) of Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) played active roles like Sanhakase (Doctor of Numbers) concurrently took a position as Kami (Director) or Suke (Deputy Director).
- 陰陽寮は陰陽道・暦道・天文道の三道から成るが、天文博士はそのうちの天文道の教官である。
- Onmyoryo consisted of three subjects--onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), rekido (learning of the calendar) and tenmondo (ancient horoscopy)--and tenmon hakase was the teacher of tenmondo.
- だが、天平2年(730年)に陰陽寮強化の一環としてうち3名を陰陽得業生として給費する。
- In 730, in a bid to enhance the Onmyoryo, scholarships were given to three of the onmyo no sho as onmyo tokugyo no sho (onmyo students).
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮によれば、成相墓(ならいのはか、奈良県広陵町の牧野古墳か)に葬られた。
- According to Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) of the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), he was buried in Narai no Haka (Makino tumulus in Koryo-cho, Nara Prefecture).
- また、内蔵寮年預や右近衛府庁頭を兼ね、人物によっては内豎所年預や院庁の主典代も兼ねた。
- The heads of the family line concurrently served as supervisor of the Palace Storehouse Bureau or supervisor of the Right Division of the Inner Palace Guards' Headquarters; besides, some also served as supervisor of the Royal Pages Office or clerk of the Senior Retired Emperor's Office.
- 賀茂氏は、世襲となり閉鎖的に教育が行われていた陰陽寮にいわば「新参者」として参入した。
- The Kamo clan stepped into the Onmyoryo, where the positions had been hereditary and the education had been closed until then, as a 'new comer.'
- だが、10世紀に入ると丹波氏・和気氏両氏による家学化が進み、内薬司は典薬寮に統合された。
- In the 10th century, I-do became almost the hereditary learning of the Tanba clan and the Wake clan, and the Naiyakushi was integrated into the Tenyakuryo.
- 延喜式にはすでに土工司の職掌を木工寮が担っているためおそらくそれ以前のことと推測される。
- In the Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), Mokuryo already had an official duty of dokoshi and thus the time is estimated to have been before that.
- 土工司は木工寮の建築事業に対して土木事業、特に建築資材(石灰・瓦等)の生産を行っていた。
- Dokoshi produced building materials (caustic lime, tile and so on) in particular for building operations of Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry).
- 紙屋(かんや)院が設けられる前の奈良時代にも図書寮(ずしょりょう)が製紙を担当していた。
- In the Nara period before the kanyain was founded, Zushoryo was also in charge of making paper.
- その後、1890年(明治23年)に宮内省主猟寮属となり、宮内省(現宮内庁)の直轄となる。
- Thereafter, it was affiliated to the Shuryoryo (division of hunting) of the Imperial Household Ministry (current Imperial Household Agency) in 1890.
- 900年(昌泰3年)には大学寮南曹として公認され、勧学院と並び「南曹の二窓」と称された。
- It was officially recognized as Daigaku-ryo Nanso (one of the Daigaku-besso located to the south of Daigaku-ryo) in 900, and was called 'Nanso no Niso' (two academies to the south) along with Kangakuin.
- 奨学院の位置は左京三条、大学寮の南、勧学院の西で、現在の京都府京都市中京区西ノ京南聖町。
- It was located at Sakyo Sanjo to the south of Daigaku-ryo (the government facility to educate students who would later become bureaucrats) and to the west of Kangakuin (the Fujiwara family's academic facility), and the address is now Nishinokyo Nansei-cho, Nakagyo-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮に拠れば、菅原伏見東陵(すがわらのふしみのひがしのみささぎ)に葬られた。
- According to the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), he was buried in Sugawara no Fushimino Higashino Misasagi (the east mausoleum of Sugawara no Fushimi).
- 有力貴族は子弟の教育のため大学別曹という私的な寄宿施設を設け、後に大学寮の付属となった。
- Prominent aristocrats had a private dorm oratory facility called Daigaku-besso for the education of their children and this later became affiliated with the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 入寮期間は1年または2年で、夏季休暇時は短期留学生受け入れのため退去しなければいけない。
- The term for staying in the dormitory is one or two years, and students have to move out during summer vacation in order to accommodate short term exchange students.
- 池の周辺には2層の舎利のほかに、釣寂庵、湘南亭、潭北亭、貯清寮、邀月橋、合同船があった。
- In addition to the two-storied reliquary hall, the pond area also includes Jojaku-an, Shonan-tei, Tanhoku-tei, Morikiyo-ryo, Togetsukyo Bridge and the Godosen tomb.
- 後にこれが弟子筋の安倍氏との賀茂・安倍二氏による陰陽寮および陰陽道の独占の基礎ともなる。
- This led to the monopoly of Onmyoryo and Onmyodo by the Kamo clan and the Abe clan, which was Tadayuki's disciple line.
- 貞治6年(1367年)医師の但馬国入道道仙が寮病院造営のために計画したが、中止されている。
- The dispatch was planned by a medical doctor Nyudo Dosen (入道道仙) in Tajima Province in 1367 for repair and construction of the Ryobyoin.
- 卒業者は試験の結果によっては官人に登用されたり大学寮や典薬寮に入る資格を得ることが出来た。
- Depending on the results of examinations, graduates from Kokugaku were recruited as local government officials or granted the qualification for entering daigakuryo or tenyakuryo.
- 主殿寮(しゅでんりょう・とのもりのつかさ)は律令制日本の律令制において宮内省に属した機関。
- Shudenryo, also referred to as Tonomori no Tsukasa, refers to an institution that belonged to Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) of Japan adopting the Ritsuryo system.
- さらに八省のもとには職 (律令制)・寮 (律令制)・司と呼ばれる実務機関が設置されていた。
- Under the eight ministries, practical organizations called Shiki (ritsuryo system), Ryo (ritsuryo system) and Tsukasa were set up.
- 大学寮という公的機関を巡る氏族対立の副産物のような存在で、貴族政治の台頭を背景としていた。
- It seems they emerged from conflicts among clans about Daigakuryo, a public institution in the background of the rise of aristocracy.
- 葛城埴口丘陵(かずらきのはにくちのおかのみささぎ、『延喜式』諸陵寮には埴口墓)に葬られた。
- She was buried in Kazuraki no hanikuchi no oka no misasagi, hanikuchi grave in Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) in 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers).
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮によれば、狭城盾列池後陵(さきのたたなみのいけしりのみささぎ)に葬られた。
- According to Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) of the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), he was buried in Sakinotatanami no ikeshiri no misasagi.
- 同志社大学内では「自治理念」に基づいた寮であるため、学生寮のことを「自治寮」と呼んでいる。
- The dormitory is based on 'philosophy of autonomy,' so it is called an 'autonomous dormitory' in Doshisha University.
- 内匠寮は唐代の官営工房である少府監(しょうふげん)の模倣と考えられ、別称も「少府」という。
- Naishoryo was considered to be an imitation of the Shofugen which was the government craft center in the Tang Dynasty, and it had another name; 'Shofu.'
- 巻十九式部省下と巻二十五主税寮上の断簡及び、諸書に見える逸文のみが知られているに過ぎない。
- Only fragments from the second part of the 'Shikibu-sho' (the Ministry of Ceremonial) in Volume 19, and the first part of the 'Shuzeiryo' (Bureau of Taxation) in volume 25 remain, along with quotations mentioned in various books.
- 後に駅逓寮(えきていりょう)・駅逓局(えきていきょく)と改称され、後の逓信省の元になった。
- It was later renamed as Ekitei-Ryo/Ekitei-Kyoku and became the former body of Teishin-Sho (Ministry of Communication).
- 貞観 (日本)年間頃より大学寮の明経道などに倣って「医道」という呼称が定着するようになった。
- The name 'I-do' was modeled after 'Myogyo-do' (the study of Confucian classics) and others, and the name took root among the public around the Jogan era (A.D. 859 - A.D. 877).
- 合格者は典薬寮・内薬司の医師の他、衛府や馬寮に置かれた医師や令制国の国医師などに採用された。
- Successful examinees were adopted as doctors at various offices, such as the Tenyakuryo, Naiyakushi, 'Efu' (the office of Palace guard), 'Meryo' (the section taking care of imperial horses), and local provinces under the Ritsuryo system.
- 大学寮の中には算道の講義と算生の寄宿のための施設である算道院(さんどういん)が置かれていた。
- Sandoin, a facility used for Sando lectures and to board students, was established in the Daigaku-ryo.
- 律令においては、無官の者は散位寮、勲等を有する者は軍団 (古代日本)に勤仕することとされた。
- The statute at the time required that those without a government post must serve in the Sani no ryo (a department for those who held ranks but were not assigned government posts) while requiring those with an order of merit to serve in the military.
- 六壬神課は、平安時代から鎌倉時代にかけて、陰陽寮に所属する陰陽師にとって必須の占術とされた。
- During the Heian and Kamakura periods, Rikujinshinka was regarded as the essential divination for Ommyoji belonging to Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 勧学寮という組織を設置して、門主の諮問機関とされ、教学的問題に対して答える役割を持っている。
- Kangaku has Kangaku-ryo which is a consultative body of the chief priest to answer to the problems in education and learning.
- 848年嘉祥元年9月22日 (旧暦)の太政官符に、雅楽寮、雑色生を減定するべきことが見える。
- Daijokanpu issued on October 26, 848 describes that gagakuryo and zoshiki no sho (student of low level functionaries) should be decreased.
- この提案は吉田寮側の事情もあり一度は断られたが、学生センターはこの事案を実質水面下で進めた。
- Although the above proposal was once declined by Yoshida dormitory, the student center pressed forward with this case behind closed doors.
- 紙屋院(かみやいん)は律令制における図書寮の別所(付属機関)で朝廷で用いる紙の製造を扱った。
- As an affiliate department of Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Kamiyain manufactured paper used in the Imperial Court.
- 2009年4月20日、大学当局は寮自治会に「吉田南最南部地区再整備・基本方針(案)」を提出。
- On April 20, 2009, the authority of Kyoto University submitted to the council of the dormitory 'the basic policy for the redevelopment of the southernmost area in Yoshida (draft).'
- 1985年、それまでの男子学部学生のみという入寮資格を拡大し、女子学生の受け入れを開始した。
- Although it used to permit only male undergraduates to enter the dormitory, it started to accept female students from 1985.
- 文安5年(1448年)に造営上卿となり、享徳3年(1454年)には近衛府・馬寮に任じられる。
- In 1448, he became Zoei Shokei (a high-ranking court noble for construction), and was appointed to a post at Konoefu and a post at Meryo (the section that takes care of the imperial horses) in 1454.
- 彼の願いは曽祖父・祖父の後を継いで大学寮の役職に就いて学問の家系としての家名の再興にあった。
- His desire was to follow in the footsteps of his great-grandfather and grandfather by serving at Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) and bringing a scholarly reputation back to his family.
- 土御門家は以後江戸時代まで幕府の天文職と朝廷の陰陽寮の要職を累代に継承して家門の格を高めた。
- From then on until the Edo Period, the Tsuchimikado family elevated the family's rank by passing down the key positions in astrology in the Shogunate and Ommyo-ryo in the Imperial Court to the successive generations within the family.
- 編暦・頒暦といった暦の権限のみならず、測量・天文などの管轄権を陰陽寮が掌握する事に成功する。
- Not only did he succeed in grasping the authority in making and announcing the calendar, he also succeeded in making Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) seize the jurisdiction over measurements and astronomy.
- 凶事が起こった際には死者のたたりと考えて寮の役人を不遇であった皇族の陵墓に送ってこれを慰めた。
- When misfortunes took place, they were regarded as a curse of the dead, and officers of Ryo were sent to the mausoleum of the unfortunate imperial family and consoled the spirit.
- 都の鴻臚館で入朝の儀を行ったのち、内蔵寮と交易し、次に都の者と、その次に都外の者と交易をした。
- After the ritual for entering the site of the Court at Koroka of the capital, the envoy traded with the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), people living inside the capital then people living outside the capital.
- 縫殿寮(ぬいどのりょう)は律令制日本の律令制における中務省管下の女官人事・裁縫監督機関である。
- Nuidonoryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies) was the office which belonged to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central affairs) and was in charge of personnel affairs of nyokan (court ladies) as well as the supervision of sewing under the Japanese Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code).
- 大同 (日本)3年(808年)に鍛冶司を併合し付属していた鍛冶戸を木工寮へ移管したが消滅した。
- Kajitsube (blacksmith's working place) that belonged to Kajishi (Office of Smithery) was transferred to Mokuryo as a result of merging Kajishi in 808, but it ceased to exist.
- だが、明治維新後に陰陽寮が廃止され、暦道に代わって東京天文台が暦に関する業務を行うようになる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, however, the Onmyoryo was abolished and the Tokyo astronomical observatory replaced rekido in all matters relating to the calendar.
- 奨学院には、皇親、諸王、皇別氏族(源氏・平氏・在原氏など)一族の子弟が寄宿し、大学寮に通った。
- Sons of the Imperial Family members, local lords, and clans descended from the Imperial families (the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, and Ariwara clan, and so on) lived in Shogakuin to attend classes at Daigaku-ryo.
- 宮内府は、宮内府長官の下、1官房3職3寮と京都事務所が置かれ、職員数も1,500人弱となった。
- Kunaifu had one Secretariat, three offices, three bureaus and Kyoto Office under the Grand Steward of Kunaifu, and the number of employees was reduced to a little under 1,500.
- 中世には安倍氏が陰陽寮の長官である陰陽頭を世襲し、賀茂氏は次官の陰陽助としてその下風に立った。
- During the Middle Ages, the Abe clan transferred the post of Ommyo-no kami (the head of the Ommyoryo (Bureau of Yin and Yang)) by succession while the Kamo clan, who held the post of Ommyo-no suke (deputy minister of Ommyoryo), played a subservient role.
- 『延喜式』には内蔵寮所属の勅旨舎人がいたこと、勅旨所所属の倉庫が存在していた事が記されている。
- According to 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), there existed chokushi toneri (official of Chokushisho) that belonged to Kuraryo as well as storehouses that belonged to Chokushisho.
- 天平17年(745年)時点で従七位上馬寮の官職にあったことが、『正倉院文書』に記述されている。
- 'Shosoin Monjo' (document collection of the Nara period kept in Shosoin) says that he was at the government post as Jushichiinojo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade) Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) at the time of 745.
- 蔵人・馬寮・兵庫寮、武蔵国介・備前国介・備後守・美作守など地方官を歴任し、但馬守に任ぜられる。
- Ienaga served various posts including Kurodo (Chamberlain), Meryo (Bureau of Horses), Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses), Suke (assistant director) of Musashi Province, Suke of Bizen Province, Bingo no kami (Governor of Bingo Province), Mimasaka no kami (Governor of Mimasaka Province) and Tajima no kami (Governor of Tajima Province).
- 承平 (日本)5年(935年)父国香が従兄弟の平将門に討たれた際は平安京で馬寮在任中であった。
- While Sadamori served as Meryo in Heian-Kyo (ancient capital in current Kyoto), his father TAIRA no Kunika was killed by his male cousin TAIRA no Masakado.
- 大学寮における当初の両博士の立場はあくまでも明経道を補完するものでしかなかったと考えられている。
- At first, these two hakase were only there at the daigakuryo to support myogyodo.
- 院政期に紀伝道の家学化が進むと、それ以外の氏族は排除されるようになり大学寮外に教育の場が移った。
- When the Kidendo became inherited as hereditary learning during the insei period (the period of the government by the retired Emperor), the clans other than those inherit Kidendo became excluded and the students were taught outside the Daigaku-ryo.
- 戊辰戦争に使用された各種錦旗及び軍旗類は、明治維新後は陸軍省の遊就館や宮内省図書寮に保存された。
- After Meiji Restoration the Imperial standards and battle flags used in the Boshin War were kept in Yushu-kan, a treasure house of Ministry of Army and in Zusho-ryo, a library of Imperial Household Ministry.
- 大学寮の南側(左京3条1坊5町)の地にあったため、大学南曹(だいがくなんそう)とも呼ばれていた。
- Since it was located on the south side of Daigaku-ryo (the government facility to educate students who would later become bureaucrats) (the old address was go-cho, ichi-bo, Sakyo (west area of capital Kyoto)), it was also called Daigaku Nanso (facilities of Daigaku-ryo in the south).
- 国立大学の寄宿舎・学生寮を廃止する全国的な流れの中で、薬学部構内にあった吉田西寮は取り壊された。
- Yoshida West dormitory, which was located inside the pharmaceutical department's campus, was abolished in keeping with the national tendency to abolish national universities' dormitories.
- 華族は宮内大臣と宮内省宗秩寮の監督下に置かれ、皇室の藩屏としての品位を保持することが求められた。
- Kazoku were supervised by Minister of the Imperial Household Agency and Sochitsuryo (the Department of Imperial Affairs) of the Imperial Household Agency, and expected to maintain dignity and grace as 'loyal hedge guarding the Imperial family.'
- この結果、出納は蔵人所以外の図書寮や主水司、内蔵寮など約60家の地下官人を管轄することになった。
- As a result, Suino came to control the jigekanjin of about 60 families, including those of Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books), Mondo no tsukasa (Water Office) and Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), in addition to those of Kurodo dokoro.
- ただし、長官・次官以外は全て内蔵寮の役人が占めており実質上内蔵寮に統合されていたと見られている。
- Provided, however, that all of officials other than the director and assistant director were those of Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) and from this fact, it is believed that Chokushisho had already been absorbed by Kuraryo in effect by that time.
- 陰陽師として名声を極めた晴明は、天文道で培った計算能力をかわれて主計寮に異動し主計権助を務めた。
- Seimei, who became very famous as an Ommyoji, was recognized for his talent in calculation, which he gained through ancient astrology, and he moved to Kazue-ryo (Office of Accounting) and worked as Kazue no Gon-no-suke (Deputy Director of Office of Accounting).
- また、薬学分野には「薬博士」は置かれず薬園師が直接薬園生(典薬寮)・薬生(内薬司)を教育していた。
- And in the field of pharmacy, there was no 'Yaku-hakase' (Master of Pharmacy), and instead, 'Yakuenshi' (an official in charge of managing medicinal herb gardens) directly taught students about medicinal herb gardens under the control of Tenyakuryo, and also taught the students of pharmacy under control of 'Naiyakushi' (the office in charge of providing medical examination and prescription drugs to the Imperial Family).
- 内蔵使:(くらのつかい、「内蔵助」と「内蔵史生」という天皇の幣帛を管理する内蔵寮の官吏をあてた)。
- Kura no tsukai: 'Uchikura no suke' (Assistant Head of the Inner Treasury Office) and 'Uchikura shisho' (the office clerk of the Inner Treasury Office) who were in charge of paper or cloth strips attached to a stick and offered to a deity are dispatched.
- 発行は太政官が行い、治部省・玄蕃寮の担当者、僧綱(そうごう)等の僧官が署名することで効力を持った。
- The official certificates were issued by Daijokan (the Grand Council of State) and rendered valid by the signature of an official in charge at Jibusho (the Ministry of Civil Administration) and Genba-ryo (an office in charge of temples and priests and the reception of foreign envoys), or of a Sokan (an official position given to a Buddhist priest by the Imperial Court) like a Sogo (a priest of a managerial post).
- ここに至って明治新政府も陰陽寮が反「近代科学」勢力の中心になる事を恐れて陰陽寮の解体に乗り出した。
- Then, finally the new Meiji government launched dissolution of Onmyoryo for the fear of it becoming the core of the anti-modern science power.
- 慈光寺澄中(1713年~1795年)が従二位・左馬寮に叙せられて以降、従二位・非参議が極官となる。
- After Suminaka JIKOJI (1713 - 1795) was appointed to Junii (Junior Second Rank) and Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses), the highest court positions appointed were Junii (Junior Second Rank) and Hisangi (advisor at large).
- あくまで学生の自主管理であるため、大学が広範に管理を行う一般的な学生寮のイメージとは異なっている。
- It is different from the typical dormitory image where the university comprehensively carries out management.
- 学寮長のベイカーさんは、それゆえに自分の所有する小さい車のために、駐車場に特別なスペースを設けた。
- The head of the college, whose name was Miss Baker, therefore had a special place in the car park for her own small car.
- 平安時代中期を過ぎると次第に職掌を作物所(つくもどころ)や木工寮・修理職に奪われ形骸化していった。
- After the mid Heian period, official duties were gradually replaced by posts such as Tsukumodokoro (the post responsible for procuring furnishing goods for the Imperial Court), Mokkoryo (Bureau of Carpentry), and Shurishiki (Office of Palace Repairs), and gradually became a mere facade.
- また薬園は典薬寮の薬園師が管理している他、不足分は各地から年料雑薬として納められたと考えられている。
- The medicinal-herb garden was managed by Yakuenshi (an official in charge of managing the medicinal-herb garden) of Tenyakuryo, also it is considered that the shortfall was compensated by nenryozoyaku (medicinal herb contributed to the central government) collected from every corner of the country.
- また諸藩でも、薩摩藩の開成所、集成館や、佐賀藩の蘭学寮設置や反射炉の建設など、独自の洋学が行われた。
- Several domains practiced unique Yogaku, such as Kaiseijo and Shuseikan in Satsuma Domain, and establishment of Rangakuryo (house of Rangaku) and construction of a reverberatory furnace in Saga Domain.
- 1416年東福寺ののち堂寮で秉払(ひんぽつ=住持に代わり払子(ほっす)をもって説法する僧)となった。
- After the life at Tofuku-ji Temple, he became Hinpotsu (a priest who exercises preaching using hossu (a kind of brush, used to drive away insects during meditation) on behalf of the chief priest) at doryo (堂寮) in 1416.
- サークル関係者と吉田寮の寮生らが初期消火を行い、消防車が到着してから火は20分ほどで消しとめられた。
- People of club activities as well as the students of Yoshida dormitory engaged in the initial firefighting activities and the fire was put out within 20 minutes after the arrival of fire engines.
- 大学側からは責任者として東山紘久副学長以下数名、吉田寮側からは寮生・学生・利用者ら80人が出席した。
- University vice-president Hirohisa HIGASHIYAMA, a responsible person, and several other officers attended as representatives of the university and 80 persons, including the residents of the dormitory, students, and other users, attended as people of the Yoshida dormitory side.
- また、1678年から 1754年の間は、西隣に接して東本願寺の学寮(大谷大学の淵源)が置かれていた。
- Additionally, a dormitory (the origin of Otani University) stood at the western border of the site from 1678 to 1754.
- 寮母に女たちのお茶が終わり次第外出する許可をもらっていたので、マリアは夕方出るのを楽しみにしていた。
- THE matron had given her leave to go out as soon as the women's tea was over and Maria looked forward to her evening out.
- 小寮四等官の構成は頭(従五位下)-助(従六位上)-允(従七位上)-大属(従八位下)-少属(大初位上)
- Shitokan of Shoryo included Kami (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) - Suke (Junior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade) - Jo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade) - Daisakan (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade) - Shosakan (Greater Initial Rank, Upper Grade).
- 図書寮本では、漢字を字形ごとに並べて掲出し、反切(発音)・用例・和訓・和音などを多くは出典つきで記す。
- The Zushoryo manuscript lists Chinese characters by form with hansetsu (pronunciations), usage examples, semantic readings, and Japanese readings of Chinese characters, many of which are provided with bibliographical information.
- 朝廷から変事の吉凶等について、陰陽寮に諮問があった際、六壬神課で占った結果が六壬勘文の形で報告された。
- When inquired by the Imperial court about the fortune of accidents, Onmyoryo reported the results of Rikujinshinka in the form of Rikujin Kanmon (a form of report of the divination practiced by Onmyoji).
- 別当は貴族がつとめその機関を総裁する職で寮に置かれることが多く、司では他に内膳司にしか置かれていない。
- Aristocrats served as 'betto' to administer the institution and in many cases the post was under the control of 'ryo' (bureau), and only Naizen no tsukasa (Imperial Table Office) other than Okimi no tsukasa had the position of 'betto' among others.
- 律令制においては、大学寮ではなくて陰陽寮の管轄とされ、太陽・月を観測して暦を作成することが規定された。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), the task of preparing the calendar based on the observations of the sun and moon was carried out by the Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) instead of the Daigaku-ryo (the Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 寛平8年(896年)11歳の時に大学寮において講書初めが行われ、昌泰元年(898年)11月に元服した。
- When he was 11 years old in 896, he had kosho hajime (the ceremony of taking his first lecture) at the daigakuryo, and then he had a ceremony of Genpuku (Coming of Age Ceremony for a young man after the Nara Period) in November, 898.
- 陰陽寮は配下に陰陽道、天文道、暦道を置き、それぞれに吉凶の判断、天文の観察、暦の作成の管理を行わせた。
- The Bureau of Divination was made up of divisions dealing with Ommyodo, Tenmondo (the art of divination by observing the movements of the sun, moon, stars and planets, and the weather), and Rekido (masters of the almanac) these three divisions performed divination, observed the movement of the sun, moon, and stars, and created a calendar.
- 約65,000ドルの募金が集められ、1931年8月に着工され、1932年5月に最初の21人が入寮する。
- With approximately 65,000 dollars in donations collected, construction was started in August 1931, and the first 21 people started to live in the dormitory in May 1932.
- 「ちょっと、寮生相手にアンケートでもとってみる?」「あっ、いわゆるひとつのマーケティングリサーチだな」
- 'Say, shall we try a questionnaire with the boarding students?' 'Ah! One of those things they call 'marketing research'.'
- 弘仁13年(822年)には修理職に、続いて年代は不詳であるが延喜式編纂以前に木工寮にも算師が置かれた。
- A sanshi post was established in the Shurikishi in 822, then in the Mokuryo (the exact year of the latter is unknown, but it was before the compilation of the Engishiki (an ancient book of codes and procedures)).
- 本来は陰陽寮生出身の陰陽師ではなく、大学寮で紀伝道を修めた漢文学者だが、天文・陰陽・易学に通じていた。
- Originally, MIYOSHI was a classic Chinese scholar mastering Kidendo (literature) in the university and not Onmyoji from Onmyoryo, but was very knowledgeable about the arts of astronomy, Onmyo, and divination.
- また、一上は蔵人別当を兼務して蔵人頭以下の蔵人を指揮し、陰陽寮別当が設置された場合にはこれも兼務した。
- In addition, ichinokami were in charge of Kurodo (Chamberlains) other than the Head Chamberlain, as they served concurrently as Kurodo-betto (superintendent of Chamberlains), as well as Onmyo-ryo betto (superintendent of the Bureau of Divination).
- また賀茂氏と共に陰陽寮の基本的方針変換を煽動することによって権力を確立していくことになったといわれる。
- It is said that the Abe clan also gradually established its authority by promoting the basic policy change in the Onmyoryo in cooperation with the Kamo clan.
- また、大学寮の博士家などの学術系の官職においても何代にもわたって博士が登場する事例が現れるようになった。
- In addition, for academic official positions such as Hakaseke of the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) had cases were Hakase came from the same family for generations.
- 天平2年(730年)には優秀者から選抜された医得業生3名を設置するとともに大学寮の学生並の待遇を与えた。
- In 730, the court selected the three 'itokugosho' (best students of medicine) from among excellent students, and gave them almost the same treatment as the students of Daigakuryo.
- 養老律令によれば、典薬寮に典薬頭以下の四等官が設置され、医師・針師・按摩師・呪禁師の技術官僚が置かれた。
- According to 'Yoro ritsuryo code' (code promulgated in the Yoro era), 'shitokan' (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks), including 'Tenyaku no kami' (the head of Tenyakuryo), were established within Tenyakuryo, and there existed four kinds of technocrats, that is, doctor, acupuncturist, masseur, and necromancer.
- 元禄16年(1703年)、了翁道覚の請願に応じ、焼失した東叡山勧学寮を幕府所管の勧学講院として再興する。
- In response to a petition submitted by Ryoo DOKAKU, in 1703 he reconstructed kangakuryo (learning dormitory) on Mt. Toei, which had been destroyed by fire, as a Kangakukoin (a learning school) operated by bakufu (the Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 2009年4月25日、産経新聞紙上で松本紘総長が「寮自治会と建て替えに向けた話し合いを開始した」と公表。
- On April 25, 2009, the president of Kyoto University Hiroshi MATSUMOTO announced in the Sankei Shimbun saying 'the university started a consultation with the dormitory council concerning the reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory.'
- しかし、受験生用の募集要項や、京都大学の公式サイトによれば「本学学生」が入寮資格を持つことになっている。
- According to the guidelines for the students taking an entrance exam and official web-site of Kyoto University, however, 'students of the university' are qualified to enter dormitories.
- 政情不安で機能停止した京都の陰陽寮に代わって幸徳井家による独自の暦(幸徳井暦)が編纂されたこともあった。
- There was a time when the KOTOKUI-reki Calendar was utilized instead of the one created by the Onmyoryo of Kyoto since the Onmyoryo calendar fell out of favor as the political situation of the time grew unsteady.
- この結果、蔵人所は勿論のこと、図書寮や主水司、内蔵寮などの地下官人は出納の支配下に置かれることになった。
- Consequently, the lower ranking officials not only in the Bureau of Archives, but also in the Bureau of the Library, Water Office, Palace Storehouse Bureau were placed under the control of suino.
- 寮は職_(律令制)や司と共に主に省(中務省・式部省・治部省・民部省・宮内省の各省)のもとで事務を行った。
- Ryo took charge of clerical work together with Shiki (ritsuryo system) and Tsukasa mainly under the ministries (Nakatsukasasho, Shikibusho, Jibusho, Minbusho, and Kunaisho).
- なお、宗盛が辞任した後の左馬頭は重衡であり、馬寮を平氏一門で独占しようとする清盛の強い意思が感じられる。
- The replacement for Sama no kami after Munemori's resignation was Shigehira; this was an indication of Kiyomori's strong wish to put Meryo under the exclusive control of the Taira clan.
- 陰陽寮は毎年5月1日までに来年の暦を作成するのに必要な物資の量について中務省を経由して関連官司に通知した。
- Onmyoryo informed, by every May first and via Nakatsukasasho, the related officials of quantity of materials necessary for making the calendar of the next year.
- 『図書寮本類聚名義抄』(康和4年(1103年)までに成立)に載っているので、それ以前に成立したとみられる。
- In view of the fact that this book was compiled in 'Zushoryo Text Ruiju Myogisho' (compiled in 1103 at the latest), it is considered that the book was written earlier than the above.
- 明治維新後の陰陽寮の廃止とともに暦博士も廃止され、間もなく太陽暦への改暦によってその役目は終わる事になる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, along with the abolition of Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.), the post of Reki Hakase was abolished, and soon the official calendar was changed to a solar calendar, signaling the end of the role of Reki Hakase.
- 典薬寮医師という意味での御典医は、名誉職であった典薬頭を除き、実際に天皇の治療に携わる医師のことを指した。
- Goteni in the meaning of doctors of Tenyakuryo indicates, except Tenyaku no kami (the head of tenyakuryo) which was an honorary position, the doctors who were indeed engaged in treatment of emperors.
- 諸国から集められた馬は馬寮直轄の厩舎や牧(寮牧・近都牧)で飼養したり、畿内及び周辺諸国に命じて飼養させた。
- Horses collected from provinces were fed in horse boxes or Maki (ryomaki and kintomaki [pasture where animals were sent to graze]) under the direct control of Meryo, and were also fed in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and surrounding provinces by orders given to such provinces.
- 陵墓は諸陵司(諸陵寮)・送葬音楽は鼓吹司の管轄であったため重なる部分が多く、808年に鼓吹司に併合された。
- Imperial tombs and funeral music were under the jurisdiction of Shoryoshi (Mausolea Office) (Shoryoryo [Bureau of Mausolea]) and Kosuishi (Drums and Fifes Office) respectively, and there was significant crossover between work of Sogishi and that of them, so sogishi was absorbed into Kosuishi in 808.
- 従って、その仕組をそのまま導入して日本の大学寮も儒教を教える明経道を軸に据えており、仏教色を排除していた。
- Due to Daigakuryo in Japan, having been introduced directly through this system, emplaced Myogyodo, which placed Confucianism as the main idea and eliminated all traces of Buddhism.
- 玄関を共有し、内部が複数の住戸に区分されている場合は、長屋とは区別される(アパートや下宿屋、寮のタイプ)。
- A building where an entrance is shared with more than one dwelling unit is differentiated from a nagaya (it's called an apartment, boarding house or dormitory).
- だが、伊勢国の国司で斎宮寮の長官も兼任している人が、狩の使が来ていると聞き、一行を招いて一晩中宴をはった。
- However, the governor of Ise who also acted as the Chief of the Office of the Consecrated Princess heard that the hunting envoy was in the country and invited the party for a feast that lasted all night.
- 唐橋在豊(1391年 - 1464年)以降、唐橋家は中務省・大学寮・大学寮等を経て、権大納言を極官とした。
- From the time of Aritoyo KARAHASHI (1391 - 1464) onwards, the Karahashi family provided an official of Department of the Imperial Palace, a Professor of Literature, and a Director of the Bureau of Education, with the top rank attained being Junior Chief Councillor of State.
- 7世紀後半から8世紀はじめに律令制がひかれると、陰陽の技術は中務省の下に設置された陰陽寮へと組織化された。
- From the later 7th century to the early 8th century, when the Ritsuryo system (legal codes of the Nara and Heian eras based on Chinese models) were put into place, the divination techniques of Ommyo (the Yin and Yang) were transferred to the Bureau of Divination under Ministry of Central Affairs.
- 陰陽師(おんみょうじ、おんようじ)とは、古代日本の律令制下に於いて中務省の陰陽寮に属した官職の1つである。
- Onmyoji (pronounced as on-myo-ji or on-yo-ji, meaning oracle) was the name of a government post in the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) of the Nakatsukasasho (Central Affairs Ministry) under the Ritsuryo legal system of ancient Japan.
- 建武の新政では馬寮に任じられ、鎌倉府征夷大将軍成良親王を奉じて鎌倉にて執権となり、後の鎌倉府の基礎を築く。
- He was appointed to the Meryo (Bureau of Horses) following the Kemmu Restoration and became a regent in Kamakura under Kamakura Shogun, Imperial Prince Nariyoshi, before going on to lay the foundations of the Kamakura Government.
- 本寮の特色として日本古来の律令制期の官吏制度を使わず様々な職人(雑色作手)によって運営されている点である。
- This bureau is characterized by operations conducted by various artisans (Zoshiki tsukurite - various craftspeople) instead of using the system of government officials of the ancient Japanese Ritsuryo system.
- 元文2年(1737年)、従五位主殿寮になり、延享2年(1745年)には家重の将軍就任に伴って本丸に仕える。
- He became a junior-fifth-rank official of the Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau in 1737, and served in the castle keep when Ieshige became shogun in 1745.
- 嘉永3年(1850年)、直亮の死去を受け家督を継いで第15代藩主となり、掃部寮(かもんのかみ)に遷任する。
- When Naoaki passed away in 1850, Naosuke took the reins of the family, becoming the 15th lord of the domain, and transferred to Kamon no Ryo (the Bureau of Palace Upkeep) (Kamon no Kami).
- 明法道(みょうぼうどう)とは、古代日本の律令制の元で設置された大学寮において、律令法(法学)を講義した学科。
- Myohodo is a department of Daigakuryo, an educational institution under the system of centralized administration established under the ritsuryo legal codes in ancient Japan, where the ritsuryo legal codes (the study of law) was taught.
- しかも、応天門の変によって伴善男が流罪となり、再度当該地が没官された後に大学寮ではなく、穀倉院に編入された。
- After TOMO no Yoshio was banished due to the Otenmon incident, the above territory was once again confiscated, but it was incorporated into Kokusoin (Grain warehouse), not Daigaku-ryo.
- そのため、給料学生がそのまま優先的に文章得業生に選抜され、大学寮の教官や式部省などの官人への登竜門となった。
- Accordingly, kyuryo-gakusei were preferentially selected as Monjo tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Letters) and this examination became a gateway to the instructor of Daigakuryo or official post of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies).
- 平安時代以前には、朝廷には造酒司(もしくは造酒寮)が、神社には酒殿が置かれて、民間では自家製造が主であった。
- In the Heian period or before it, miki no tsukasa or sake no tsukasa (written either 造酒司 or 造酒寮) (either indicating the office in charge of the imperial use of sake, sweet sake, or vinegar etc.) was placed in the Imperial Court, saka-dono (literally, a sake hall) was placed in shrines, and for private purposes, people manufactured sake by themselves.
- 典薬寮(てんやくりょう)は、律令制により制定された機関で、宮内省律令制度下に属する医療・調薬を担当する部署。
- The Tenyakuryo (Bureau of Medicine) was an institution established under Japan's Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code); specifically, it was under the purview of the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Agency) of the Ritsuryo system, and was the bureau responsible for giving medical care and providing doses of medicine.
- 更に算博士も必ず主税寮か主計寮の頭か助を兼務して更に2名中1名は五位史を兼ねることになった(『官職秘抄』)。
- Furthermore, San hakase always had additional duties as heads or assistants in the Shuzeiryo (Bureau of Taxation) or Syukeiryo (Bureau of Popular Affairs), and one in two also worked as Goinosakan (the lowest class official in four class officials) ('Kanshoku hisho' (a text describing rules of ceremony and etiquette to be observed in the Imperial Court and by samurai that was written during the early Heian period in around 1200)).
- また、暦の編纂は本来は朝廷が独占して行うものであり、暦の算出法に関する書物は陰陽寮以外には秘書とされていた。
- The calendar used to be compiled solely by the imperial court, and books concerning calendar calculations were secret except for the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 2月、吉田寮執行部は前年の耐震調査の結果を踏まえ、2006年度の総長裁量予算枠に吉田寮食堂の補修を申請する。
- Based on the results of seismic-resistance evaluation conducted in the previous year, executives of Yoshida dormitory requested in February to include the renovation cost of dormitory's dining room in the presidential discretionary budget of the academic year 2006.
- 京都大学学生寄宿舎吉田寮(きょうとだいがくがくせいきしゅくしゃよしだりょう)とは、京都大学の寄宿舎のひとつ。
- Yoshida dormitory of Kyoto University is one of Kyoto University's dormitories.
- 延喜式によれば、布紙・穀紙・麻紙・斐紙・苦参紙など毎年合わせて2万枚を漉いて内蔵寮に納める規定となっていた。
- The Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) stipulated that a total of twenty thousand sheets of paper such as fushi (cloth made of paper threads), kokushi (paper made from paper mulberry tree), mashi (paper made from hemp), hishi (high-quality paper made from gampi tree), and kujinshi (paper made from sophora plant) should be produced, and delivered to Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) every year.
- 明経博士となるものを輩出し、後には掃部頭(掃部寮の長官(かみ))、造酒正(造酒司の長官(かみ))を兼任した。
- The family produced Myogyo hakase (scholar), and later, concurrently served as Kamon no Kami (Head of the Bureau of Housekeeping) and Miki no Tsukasa (Head of the Brewery).
- 1988年に寮が閉鎖され、1997年からは同志社フレンドピースハウス(登録有形文化財)として生まれ変わった。
- The dormitory was closed in 1988, and was reborn as the Doshisha Friend Peace House (now a registered tangible cultural properties) in 1997.
- 実際、寮の管理・運営における大学との関係においては、自治精神を重視し、一定の緊張感を保った交渉を行っている。
- In fact, the relationship with the university in the management of dormitory keeps certain tension, and they take the spirit of autonomy seriously while negotiating.
- 1911年、再び真宗高倉大学寮と統合され真宗大谷大学と改称、高倉通魚棚の地に戻り、翌々年、現在地に移転した。
- In 1911 the two educational institutions were again integrated, being renamed Shinshu Otani University and returning to Takakura-dori Uontana; and two years later the university returned to the place where it is now located.
- 散位はほとんどが退職官人で京内の者と地方の五位以上の者は散位寮に常勤し、それ以外の者は各国府に交替勤務した。
- Most of Sanni were retired Kannin; those who lived in Kyoto and those who were at Fifth Rank or above and lived in local provinces held full-time positions in Sanniryo, and the others alternately worked at respective Kokufu.
- 若年の頃、父に従って陸奥国へ赴き、弓馬をよくしたが、嵯峨天皇の言葉に触れて発奮し大学寮へ入り、官途についた。
- In his juvenile years, Takamori accompanied his father to the Mutsu Province where he excelled in archery and horsemanship but was enlightened by the saying of Emperor Saga and joined Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) thereby starting his bureaucratic career.
- ただし、主食については大炊寮が掌っており、大膳職は副食・調味料などの調達・製造・調理・供給の部分を担当した。
- However, dietary staple was served by Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household) and Daizenshiki was in charge of delivery, production, cooking and provision of supplementary dishes or condiments and so on.
- 同年民部省が大蔵省に統合されて8月に駅逓寮に昇格した(1877年1月の寮→局制の移行に伴い、駅逓局と改称)。
- In the same year, Minbu-Sho was integrated with Okura-Sho, and elevated to be Ekitei-Ryo (according to the change of the government system from Ryo to Kyoku in January 1877, it changed its name to Ekitei-Kyoku).
- 天平9年(737年)の天然痘の大流行の際に典薬寮から出された勘文が対処案として『類聚符宣抄』に採録されている。
- Kanmon submitted by Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) when the epidemic of smallpox occurred in 737 was recorded as a countermeasure in 'Ruiju fusensho' (A collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093).
- 国医師は各国1名で典薬寮と同様に医生の設置(大国10・上国8・中国6・小国4)が置かれて医師育成にもあたった。
- Each local province had one doctor, and the doctor was, just the same as Tenyakuryo, responsible for training students of medicine, whose number differed according to the size of the province (10 students for an ultra-large province/8 for a large province/6 for a middle-sized province/4 for a small province).
- 寛文12年(1672年)、出羽国雄勝郡八幡村(現秋田県湯沢市)出身の了翁道覚が、上野寛永寺に勧学寮を建立した。
- In 1672, Ryoo DOKAKU from Yawata village, Ogachi County, Dewa Province (present day, Yuzawa City, Akita Prefecture) built a learning dormitory called Kangakuryo in Ueno Kanei-ji Temple.
- 伊勢での斎宮の生活の地は、伊勢神宮から約20キロ離れた斎宮寮(現在の三重県多気郡明和町 (三重県))であった。
- The home of Saigu in Ise was Saiguryo that was about twenty kilometers away from the Ise-jingu Shrine (the present Meiwa-cho, Taki County, Mie Prefecture).
- 1995年(平成7年)の阪神・淡路大震災を経て、近年本寮の耐久性、耐震性について学内外から疑問を持たれていた。
- After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake occurred in 1995, questions have been raised from the people both inside and outside of the university about the durability and quake resistance of the dormitory.
- 大学寮(だいがくりょう)は、律令制のもとで作られた式部省(現在の人事院に相当する)直轄下の官僚育成機関である。
- The Daigaku-ryo was a set of educational institutions that was founded under the Ritsuryo system to train government officials, which was controlled directly by Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies - equivalent to today's National Personnel Authority).
- 同2年(702年)1月17日、新しく設けられた斎宮寮長官「斎宮頭」に、従五位下であった当麻真人橘が任命された。
- On February 22, 702, 当麻真人橘, who held Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), was assigned the role of Saiku no kami (a director of the Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise).
- 室町時代の高辻継長(1414年-1475年)以降は文章博士・大学寮・式部省を経て大納言を極官とするようになる。
- After Tsunenaga TAKATSUJI (1414 - 1475) during the Muromachi period, the highest appointed court position was Dainagon (chief councilor of state), after serving as monjo hakase (professor of literature) and in Daigakuryo and Shikibusho.
- 「萬福寺松隠堂」7棟(通玄門、開山堂、舎利殿、寿蔵、客殿、庫裏、侍真寮)(附裏門、宝蔵、鐘楼、廊2棟、石碑亭)
- 7 buildings of Manpuku-ji Temple Shoin-do (Tsugen-mon gate, Kaisan-do hall, reliquary hall, Juzo, Kyaku-den, Kuri, Jishinryo (including the rear gate, Hozo, Belfry, 2 corridors, Sekihi-tei)
- 毎年大成寮の行う「オカマバー」や、軽音楽部が最終日に行うシブサシラズという軽音楽部全員による仮装ライブが人気。
- The gay bar' which is held by Taisei dorm every year or the costume live which is held by light music club called Shibusashirazu at the final day are popular.
- 江戸時代の学寮、学林時代からの仏教に関する学問的、資料的蓄積があり、多くの宗教学者や著名な僧侶を輩出している。
- Since the university started in the form of 'Gakuryo'and then 'Gakurin' in the Edo period, it has accumulated academic acievements and historical materials about Buddhism and has produced many religious scholars and famous Buddhist priests.
- 平城天皇の改革により、采女献上の制度は廃止され、「采女司」も廃止になり、残っていた采女は「縫殿寮」に所属した。
- According to the reform by Emperor Heizei, the system of offering Uneme was abolished and accordingly 'Uneme no Tsukasa' was abolished, and the remaining Uneme became to belong to 'Nuidonoryo.'
- この知らせを聞いた孝明天皇は、典薬寮の医師である高階経由と福井貞憲の2人を大坂へ派遣し、その治療に当たらせた。
- When Emperor Komei was informed of this, he dispatched two doctors from the Tenyakuryo (Bureau of Medicine) named Tsuneyoshi TAKASHINA and Sadanori FUKUI to Osaka to give Iemochi medical treatment.
- このように独立した官司といえどほとんど典薬寮の一部局のようになっており、寛平8年(896年)典薬寮に併合された。
- Thus, even though Naiyakushi was an independent government official, it functioned almost like a department of Tenyakuryo and it was merged with Tenyakuryo in 896.
- 2時間半に及ぶ交渉を行ったが結局合意が得られず、同年度における吉田寮建て替え予算の提出は見送られることとなった。
- In spite of two and a half hours of negotiation, no agreements were reached and the submission of the budget for reconstruction of Yoshida dormitory in the academic year 2006 was not reached.
- 紀伝博士(きでんはかせ)とは、平安時代の初期に大学寮に置かれた役職で紀伝道を講じたが、後に文章博士に統合された。
- Kiden hakase refers to a post established in Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) in the early Heian period and taught Kidendo (the study of the histories), but, was integrated into Monjo hakase (Professor of Literature) later.
- 平安時代末期に大学寮が廃絶すると、学科としての明法道の実質は消滅して、博士が私塾を開いて律令を講義するようになる。
- In the late Heian period, after Daigakuryo was eliminated, the department of Myohodo practically disappeared and the doctors gave lectures of ritsuryo in their private schools.
- 平安京遷都後は、大学寮敷地内の明経道の施設である明経道院の南、明法道の施設である明法道院の北にあったとされている。
- After the national capital was transferred to the city of Heian-kyo, it is said to have been located in the south of myogyodoin, the Myogyo-do (study of Confucian classics) facilities, and the north of Myobodoin, the Myobodo (study of Code) facilities, in the premises of Daigaku-ryo.
- ただし、南北朝時代 (日本)に二条良基が『百寮訓要抄』の中で式部卿の就任要件として「第一の親王是に任ず」と説いた。
- However, concerning the prerequisite for the post of Shikibu-Kyo, Yoshimoto NIJO mentioned in 'Hyakuryo Kunyosho' (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) that was compiled in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan): 'The most excellent Imperial Prince should assume the post of Shikibu-Kyo.'
- 天文異変の異変の状況とその内容の吉兆を勘録した奏書を陰陽寮または蔵人所を通じて天皇に報告する事を天文密奏と称した。
- Reporting the status of extraordinary astronomical events and the good omens they contained in sosho (reports to the Emperor) to the Emperor, conducted through the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) or Kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office), was called tenmon misso.
- 律令制の継承に伴い、官吏養成及び学問研究として取り入れられ、式部省の被官の大学寮において、明経道として教授された。
- When the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was inherited, it was adopted for training government officials and for academic research, and was taught in the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) for the hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) as Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics).
- 『類聚三代格』によると、809年(大同 (日本)4年)3月21日 (旧暦)の太政官符に雅楽寮、雑楽師が定められた。
- According to 'Ruiju sandaikyaku' (statute book written in the Heian period), gagakuryo (a government official in the ritsuryo codes, who administers gagaku [ancient Japanese court dance and music] and gakunin [players]) and zatsugakushi (a musician of various music other than gagaku) were established when Daijokanpu (official documents from Daijokan [Grand Council of State] to local governments) was issued on May 23, 809.
- そこで、2005年(平成17年)には本寮の耐震調査の予算が承認され、外部の有識者による耐震調査が断続的に行われた。
- A budget for seismic-resistance evaluation was approved in 2005 and the evaluations were conducted by outside experts intermittently.
- 国家の出納事務を行う大蔵省律令制における大蔵省や官営工房の中核である内匠寮と重複する部分も多く官制は度々変化した。
- Kuraryo had a large overlap with the Finance Ministry of the Ritsuryo system, which did the accounting and the Naishoryo (the institution where the furnishings and formality goods of the Imperial Family were made), which was the core of the government-run craft centers, and government-regulated organizations changed frequently.
- 内蔵寮の起源は律令制以前の三蔵、大蔵(おおくら)・内蔵(うちくら)・斎蔵(いみくら)の一つである内蔵にさかのぼる。
- The origins of the Kuraryo can be traced to Uchikura, which is one of the Mitsunokura (Okura, Uchikura, and Imikura) that existed before the Ritsuryo system,
- 土御門家最後の陰陽寮関連人物は幕末に活動した土御門晴雄の息子で、明治初期に陰陽寮の最後を見守った土御門晴栄である。
- The last person associated with Ommyo-ryo from the Tsuchimikado family was Harue TSUCHIMIKADO, who saw through the end of Ommyo-ryo during the early part of the Meiji Period, and who was also a son of Haruo (Hareo, Haretake) TSUCHIMIKADO, who worked during the end of the Edo Period.
- また大村は、2年6月の段階で大阪に軍務官の大阪出張所を設置していたが、9月には同じく大阪に兵部省の兵学寮を設けた。
- Omura established a branch of the Gunmukan (Office for Military Affairs) in Osaka in July 1869 and set up the government's Heigakuryo Military Academy in October, also in Osaka.
- その為、ほとんどが陰陽寮成立当初より存在する俗人官僚の子孫のみに履修生を限定し、閉鎖的に人材育成を行うことになる。
- Therefore, students of the Onmyodo were limited to the descendents of the secular officials who had been in service since the outset of the Onmyoryo's establishment, and the training was conducted in closed environment,
- 765年の近衛府設置と同時に宮中の厩を扱う内厩寮(ないきゅうりょう)が分離されて基本的に近衛府の官人がこれを兼ねた。
- When Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) was established in 765, Naikyuryo handling horse boxes in the Imperial Court was departed simultaneously, and government officials of Konoefu basically took this position concurrently.
- 東本願寺の高倉学寮(現、大谷大学)に入って修学し、1834年(天保5年)、講師職(現在の学長に当たる職)に就任した。
- He entered Takakura Gakuryo (the present Otani University) of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple and studied, then in 1834 he assumed the post of koshi (in present-day the post of university president).
- 入寮資格の拡大に伴い、入寮希望者は増加し、近年の寮生数は京都大学の定める定員147名を大きく上回ることとなっている。
- As the number of applicants increased after the requirements for entering were eased, the current number of residents far exceeds 147, the quota decided by Kyoto University.
- この時、和気氏出身の子弟のため、大学寮の南にあった和気氏の私宅に父清麻呂の遺志を継いだとされる「弘文院」を創建した。
- During this time, with the cherished desire of his late father Kiyomaro, he founded the 'Kobun-in' in the private residence of the Wake clan for the children of the clan, located south of the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- 本来は職 (律令制)・寮 (律令制)・司として独立させるべきであるがそれには規模が小さいためこのような形態となった。
- They should have been independently established as Shiki, Ryo, and Tsukasa (also known as Shi), however, the number of officials in this category was too small to do so, as a result, Honkan was established.
- 暦博士は原稿となる暦本を作成して、頒暦は6月21日、具注暦は8月1日(七陽暦は12月21日)までに陰陽寮に提出された。
- The books related to the calendar, made by Rekihakase, were submitted to the Onmyoryo by June twenty-first and August first respectively for Hanreki and Guchureki (and for shichiyoreki by December twenty-first).
- 1154年には大学寮庁舎が倒壊する事故が起きるが再建されずに替わりに明経道院が庁舎を兼ねるようになった(『兵範記』)。
- In 1154, the Daigaku-ryo office building collapsed, but it was not rebuilt, and Myogyodo-in college was used as the office building instead ('Heihanki' [The Diary of TAIRA no Nobunori]).
- 二十五三昧会の成立には、964年(応和4年)に大学寮の学生らが比叡山の僧らと結集した結社である勧学会の影響が見られる。
- The influence of 'Kangaku-e' (assembly to encourage learning), an association established by Daigakuryo students and monks from Mt. Hie in 964, are seen in the establishment of Nijugozanmaie.
- ただし、近衛大将との兼務が慣例とされたためにその官位相当は従三位と大幅に上昇しており、馬寮では名目上の最高職であった。
- However, since it was conventional to double as Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards), its equivalent official court rank was largely promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), and was the highest in Meryo nominally.
- また、夜中の役寮点検(責任者の山内巡視)は懐奘と行き当たる事のないよう、子の刻(午前0時)を外して行われているという。
- Also, inspection of yakuryo (inspection of the temple premises conducted by a responsible monk) is said to be conducted at times other than midnight in order not to meet Ejo.
- 官位は五条高長の子供五条長経(1242年-1315年)以降、大学寮・文章博士・式部省を経て中納言・大納言を極官とする。
- As for official court rank after Takanaga GOJO's son, Nagatsune GOJO (1242 - 1315), the highest court appointments given were Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Dainagon (chief councilor of state), after being appointed through Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system), Monjo hakase (professor of literature) and Shikibusho (Ministry of Ceremonies).
- なお、中宮・東宮には別途に陰陽寮からの奏進が行われ、更に准三宮にも同様の待遇が与えられる場合があった(『貞信公記抄』)。
- Besides that, calendar presentation was made separately to chugu and togu by Onmyoryo and similar treatment was sometimes given to junsangu (according to 'Teishin koki-sho Extract').
- 大学寮には算道を教授する算博士(さんはかせ、従七位上相当・2名)と学生である算生(さんしょう、30名)で構成されていた。
- The Daigaku-ryo consisted of two San hakase (Doctor of Numbers, equivalent to Jushichiijo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade)) who taught Sando, and thirty Sansho (students studying arithmetic).
- また、土御門家の天文道や宿曜道に由来する仏教天文学の抵抗もあり、その本格化は陰陽寮が廃止された明治時代以後のことになる。
- With resistance from Tsuchimikado family's Tenmondo, as well as Buddhist astronomy which came from Sukuyodo (astrology with its roots in esoteric Buddhism), the study was introduced in full after the Meiji period, when the Onmyoryo was abolished.
- 明治維新後は一時有栖川宮家御用となるも、1890年に宮内省主猟寮属となり、長良川鵜飼は宮内省(現宮内庁)の直轄となった。
- After the Meiji Restoration it was once patronized by the house of the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya, but in 1890 it belonged to shuryo-ryo (the Division of Imperial Hunting) of Imperial Household Ministry and was under direct control of the Imperial Household Ministry (present Imperial Household Agency).
- しかし、向学心の衰えない竹雲は安政4年(1857年)、京都へおもむき浄土真宗の高倉学寮に入学して漢詩や漢文学を勉強した。
- However, Chikuun kept his passion for knowledge, and so, in 1857, he went to Kyoto and entered Takakura Gakuryo (the seminary of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple of Jodo Shinshu, today's Otani University), where he studied Chinese poetry and Chinese classics.
- 中央政府は二官、八省、一台、五衛府で構成され(二官八省)、各省は職、寮、項目名司の名をもった若干の官庁をしたがえている。
- The central government was composed of nikan (two departments), hassho (eight ministries), ichidai (one office), and goefu (five guards) (two departments and eight ministries), and there were several government offices named shiki (agency), ryo (bureau), and Komoku-meishi under the ministries.
- 高辻家(たかつじけ)は菅原道真の子孫である高辻是綱(正四位下・大学寮)(1030年-1107年)を祖とする堂上家である。
- The Takatsuji family is toshoke (hereditary lineage of court nobles above a certain rank), whose patriarch was Michizane SUGAWARA's descendant, Koretsuna TAKATSUJI (Shoshiinoge - Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under ritsuryo system) (1030 - 1107).
- 「自治理念」とは、土地や建物は大学の施設であるものの、その管理・運営は、居住する寮生自身によって行うという考え方である。
- Philosophy of autonomy' is the idea that students who live in the dormitory manage and run the place even though the land and building belong to the university.
- 大寮四等官の構成は頭(従五位上)-助(正六位下)-大允(正七位下)-少允(従七位上)-大属(従八位上)-少属(従八位下)
- Shitokan of Oryo included Kami (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) - Suke (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade) - Taijo (Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade) - Shojo (Junior Seventh Rank, Upper Grade) - Daisakan (Junior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade) - Shosakan (Junior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade).
- このような実績によって天皇や権力者に絶大な支持を得ることに成功し、人員の少なくなった陰陽寮内でたちまちその頭角を現した。
- Such achievements lead him to gain an enormous support of the Emperor and the people of influence, and shortly he began to distinguish himself in the Onmyoryo, where only a reduced number of officials were remained.
- だが、平安時代末期になると、大学寮の衰退、穀倉院自体の機能低下に伴って、試験のみならず、学問料自体も名目化することとなる。
- In the late Heian period, however, not only examination, but also Gakumonryo itself became the nominal ones due to the decline of Daigakuryo as well as the decrease in the function of Kokuso-in.
- 菅原氏の当主は大学寮における公的な職務以外に、自宅にこうした私塾を開いて教えを請う学生たちに紀伝道を講義したとされている。
- It was considered that the head of the Sugawara clan established the private school for lecturing on the Kidendo for students who were asking the head to teach them, besides performing his official duties at the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 皮肉にもこれを維持できたのは大学寮からの給料を必要としない大学別曹保有氏族出身の学生の増大による大学寮支出の減少であった。
- Ironically, the reason why Daigaku-ryo could be maintained was that the spending of Daigaku-ryo was reduced due to an increase in students from clans that possess Daigaku-besso, who did not need a salary from Daigaku-ryo.
- 太政官の下には、実際の行政を担当する八省が置かれ、更に各省の下に個々の事務を分掌する職・寮・司・所などの諸官庁が置かれた。
- Under the Council of State, eight ministries were placed in charge of actual administration, and in each ministry, the work was divided between agencies known as shiki, ryo, tsukasa, and tokoro.
- これはあくまでも簡略化した表であり、とくに職 (律令制)・寮 (律令制)・司の場合は次官・判官が欠けたり、増員したりした。
- This is just a simplified table, and especially in some cases of Shiki (agency of the government) (ritsuryo system), Ryo (bureau of the government) (ritsuryo system) and Tsukasa (office of the government), assistant secretaries or judicial officers were not set up, while in others the number of staff was increased.
- これに対して有力な氏族は大学別曹(だいがくべっそう)のような特別な寮舎(りょうしゃ)を設けて、一族の師弟をそこに収容した。
- At the same time, influential clans established special dormitories such as Daigaku-besso to house the masters and pupils.
- 1639年(寛永16年)、西本願寺が設立した「学寮」を起源とし、大学としては大学令に基づく旧制大学からの歴史を有している。
- Ryuku University originated from 'Gakuryo', an educational facility, set up by Nishi Hongan-ji Temple in A.D.1639, and has a long history of an university under the old system based on the Imperial Order of University.
- 武官とは帯刀する官人のことで具体的には軍事機関である衛府や馬寮、兵庫の職員、軍団の幹部、及び弾正台の巡察弾正などを指した。
- Bukan was Kannin who bore swords, specifically an officer at the military organizations such as Efu, Meryo, and Tsuwamonogura, a leading officer of an army, and Junsatsudanjo (a patrolling officer) at Danjodai.
- それを実現するために、神祇省は廃止され、その祭祀業務は宮内省明治初期(1869年-1885年)式部寮があたることとなった。
- To achive this, the ministry of Jingi was abolished and it was decided that Shikiburyo (department of rites), which existed during the early Meiji period (1869 to 1885), of the Imperial Household Ministry should conduct religious services.
- のち文久元年(1861年)、鍋島直正にオランダの憲法について進講し、また、蘭学寮を合併した弘道館教授に着任、蘭学を講じた。
- He lectured Naomasa NABESHIMA on the Dutch constitution in 1861, and he worked as the instructor teaching Western studies in Dutch at the Kodokan school which merged with the Rangakuryo school.
- 明治4年(1871年)、「春日丸」、「日進 (巡洋艦)」、「筑波 (コルベット)」等の艦長を歴任した後、海軍兵学寮に勤務。
- After he successively held posts as the captains of 'Kasugamaru,' 'Nisshin (cruiser),' 'Tsukuba (corvette),' and other ships, he worked at a dormitory of the Navy soldiers.
- この場合、建礼門前に三個の帳舎を建て、舶来の唐物を陳列し、内蔵寮の官人と後宮女官等をして交易させたものを宮市と称している。
- In this case, exchanges (referred to as Miya-ichi) were conducted with government officials from the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) and court ladies from Kokyu palace (which was an imperial harem that included the empress's residence) in three buildings built in front of the Kenrei-mon gate that displayed imported Chinese goods.
- 紀伝道の統合期に活躍した文章博士である菅原清公は大学頭を兼務してその発展に貢献し、大学寮の北側に文章院という学舎を設置した。
- Monjo hakase SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, who was active at the time of the merger of kidendo, also served as daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), contributing to the development of the subject and founding a school to the north of the daigakuryo called monjoin.
- 明法家もまた、元は大学寮の明法道の教官であった明法博士の地位を明法道の家学化によってその世襲を確立させることで成立している。
- Such Myobo-ke were also formed by establishing heredity of the position of Myobo hakase who were originally instructors of Myobodo (study of ritsuryo codes) in Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) by changing Myobodo to hereditary learning.
- 明治7年(1874年)7月8日、参内した稠宮は明治天皇から海軍軍人を志すよう命じられ、同月13日、海軍兵学寮予科に入学した。
- On July 8, 1874, Sawanomiya was recommended by Emperor Meiji to become a sailor when he visited the Imperial Palace, he entered into the preparatory course for the Naval Academy on July 13.
- 典革(正八位上相当) 革の染め作りを監督 狛部・狛戸とともに大蔵省から大同 (日本)元年(806年)内蔵寮に移管、のちに廃止
- Tenkaku (Shohachiinojo (Senior Eighth Rank, Upper Grade): Supervised the tannery. This position was transferred from the Finance Ministry to Kuraryo in 806 together with the Komabe and Komahe, but later abolished.
- このため、律令制が比較的厳しく運営されていた9世紀初頭の平安時代初期まで、陰陽道は陰陽寮が独占する国家機密として管理された。
- Onmyodo was, therefore, managed as a state secret under the exclusive control of Onmyoryo until early Heian Period in the beginning of the 9th century, while the ritsuryo system was being rigorously observed.
- 1896年、真宗大学と真宗高倉大学寮に分化し、1901年、真宗大学が東京巣鴨に移転・開校、学監(学長)に清沢満之が就任した。
- Takakura Gakuryo was divided into Shinshu University and Shinshu Takakura Daigakuryo in 1896; moreover, Shinshu University was relocated to Sugamo, Tokyo, where it was reopened in 1901 under its first president, Manshi KIYOZAWA.
- そのため宝亀3年(772年)には淡海三船が大学寮の長である大学頭と文章博士を兼ねるなど、文章博士の地位が高まるようになった。
- As a result, the status of monjo hakase came to rise as illustrated by OMI no Mifune's assuming office as Daigaku no kami (the principal of Daigaku-ryo) and as monjo hakase at the same time in 772.
- 音道(おんどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、儒教経典をそのまま音読するために必要な漢音(中国語)の発音について習う学科。
- Ondo is one of the subjects of Daigaku-ryo, an educational institution under the system of centralized administration established under the Ritsuryo Legal Codes in Japan, to learn the Han pronunciations of Chinese characters in order to allow the reading aloud of the scriptures of Confucianism with the original pronunciations.
- 古代・中世の日本において、六位以下の無官の者(散位)に対して救済及び任官、昇叙の機会を得させるために輪番で散位寮に出仕させた。
- In ancient and medieval Japan, the government made post-less courtiers (Sani) with ranks lower than Rokui (Sixth Rank) serve for Saniryo (the office controling Sani, courtier without post) in order to help and give them chances for appointments or promotions.
- その際、上記の建て替え予算案を提出する用意があり、吉田寮が立て替えを受諾するか否か、その回答期限が10月23日であると告げる。
- In these meeting, they informed that the student center was prepared to submit the budget for reconstruction, and requested Yoshida dormitory to reply by October 23 whether or not it would accept the reconstruction.
- 更に1177年の大火で大学寮や文章院が焼失すると、再建されることなく放置され、公的教育機関としての大学寮は消滅することになる。
- After Daigakuryo and Monjoin were burned out due to the conflagration in 1177, they were abandoned without being re-established; thus Daigakuryo as public educational institution disappeared.
- 勅旨牧(ちょくしまき)は、古代日本において、天皇の 勅旨により開発された牧場であり、馬寮などが用いる軍馬などの供給源とされた。
- In ancient Japan, Chokushimaki was a ranch developed by the emperor's Chokushi and was used to supply war horses for the Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses).
- 律令制日本の律令制の時代には主に史官、大学寮の博士や宮中祭儀の担い手であった祭祀系氏族が担い手であった『日本書紀』解釈である。
- During the period of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), the interpretation of 'Nihonshoki' had been done mainly by ranked officers, professors of the Bureau of Education, and clans in charge of religious ritual services, who handled ceremonies in the Imperial Court.
- 斎宮寮は三つも区域に分かれ、最奥部の内院に斎宮が、中院に頭以下の幹部が、そして外院に下級職員が暮らし、そして事務を行っていた。
- Saiguryo was divided into three areas: the innermost area was Saigu's residence; the middle area was the residence of the head and other leading members; and the outer area was the residence and working place of the lower-level officials.
- なお、1963年(昭和38年)の6月に「星ヶ岡茶寮」の跡地に、東京ヒルトンホテル(のちのキャピトル東急ホテル)が開業している。
- In June 1963, The Tokyo Hilton Hotel (later the Capitol Tokyu Hotel) was opened on the site of 'Hoshigaoka Saryo.'
- 平安時代になり大同 (日本)3年(808年)に大蔵省律令制における大蔵省縫部司を併合すると衣服生産も縫殿寮自ら行うようになった。
- In the Heian period, Nuidonoryo absorbed Okurasho Nuibe no tsukasa, which was based on the Okurasho Ritsuryo system, in 808 and began the production of clothes.
- また、教育を重視する観点から養老令の規定には無い大学寮の諸博士に特に博士職田と称される職分田が支給されていたことが知られている。
- It is known that in view of the importance placed on education, shikibunden called Hakase-shikiden were provided to various professors in Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), which was not the case under the Yoro code.
- 平安後期から鎌倉時代には、天皇の所用品は内蔵寮が管理・調進し、男性貴族のものはそれぞれが調達、女子のものは官より賜う例であった。
- From the late Heian period to the Kamakura period, Kura ryo (Department of Treasury) procured and managed the Emperor's wardrobe, while male nobles obtained their clothes by themselves, and the clothes for women and children were given by the government.
- それゆえ格知寮で近郷地主層の子弟と起居をともにしながら、自ら丁髷を結い和服を着た生活を送ったため、「チョンマゲ先生」と呼ばれた。
- Therefore, he himself wore a Japanese topknot and Japanese clothes, living at the dormitory of Kakuchi Gakusha with sons who came from land-owning classes in the neighboring villages, so he was called 'Chonmage Sensei' (a teacher with his hair topknot).
- 律令制度下の教育機関である大学寮に書博士という役職が設置され、後に「書道」と呼ばれる学科が形成されたが、早い段階で衰退している。
- An official position called shohakase (the professor of calligraphy) was introduced in the daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system), an educational institution under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and the department called 'calligraphy' was established later, but declined during it's early stage
- ところが、藤原氏が勧学院を創設したのを機に各氏が大学別曹を創設するようになると、次第に大学寮の存立基盤が揺らいでいくようになる。
- Triggered by the foundation of Kangaku-in (a boarding school) by the Fujiwara clan, many clans followed suit and founded Daigaku-besso (an academic facility for nobles, or boarding schools), and the basis of the existence of Daigaku-ryo was gradually beginning to be shaken.
- 4月24日には、大学当局が吉田寮の建て替えに関する基本方針についての説明会が開催され、吉田寮側からは60名ほどの参加者があった。
- The authority of Kyoto University convened on April 24 a meeting to explain the basic policy for reconstruction and about 60 persons of the Yoshida dormitory side participated in this meeting.
- 養老律令の雑令には「秘書玄象条」があり、「若し微祥災異有らば、陰陽寮奏せよ。訖らば季別に封して中務省に送り、国史に入れよ」とある。
- The article 'hisho gensho no jo' in Zoryo (the Law on Miscellaneous Matters) of Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) states that 'Onmyoryo should report a good omen or bad omen observed, to the emperor. The reported documents should be gathered for each season, sealed, sent to the Ministry of Central Affairs, and recorded for national history.'
- 1977年(昭和52年)の「竹本処分」強行を経て、沢田敏男総長時代には吉田寮など学生寮の閉鎖に向け「学生寮の正常化」政策を進めた。
- After forcing through 'Takemoto shobun' (dismissal of associate professor Takemoto) in 1977, the president Toshio SAWADA implemented the policy of 'normalization of student dormitories' with the aim of abolishing student dormitories including Yoshida dormitory.
- 一時は老朽化を理由に停止していたが、現在焼け残った旧食堂は吉田寮の各種催・ライブ・演劇などのイベント会場としての貸し出されている。
- The former dining room was once closed because it became too old, but currently it is now used as a place for various events of the Yoshida dormitory as well as concerts or theatrical performances.
- 白線帽にマント、高下駄は旧制高校生の典型的な身なりであり、寮歌を高吟して街をあるく姿はおおくの旧制中等学校生徒のあこがれであった。
- The typical outfit of a former higher school student consisted of a cap with white stripes, a cape and takageta (tall wooden clogs), and the sight of them walking around in town singing their dormitory song was highly admired by many students of middle schools under the old system.
- 職は寮 (律令制)や司と共に主に省(中務省・宮内省の二省)などのもとで事務を行う組織、また特別地域(京など)を統治する組織である。
- Shiki was an organization to take charge of clerical work along with Ryo (ritsuryo system) and Tsukasa (also known as Shi) and to rule special areas (like Kyoto), mainly under the ministries (two ministries of Nakatsukasasho and Kunaisho).
- 天文博士を勤めた後には陰陽寮を超えて主計権助・大膳大夫・左京権大夫・大国である播磨守などの官職を歴任して「従四位下」まで昇進した。
- After serving as Tenmon hakase, Seimei went beyond Onmyoryo, successively holding various government posts such as Kazue no gon no suke, Daizen taifu, Sakyo no gon no daifu and the magistrate of the powerful Harima Province and climbed to 'Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).'
- 賀茂氏の弟子筋である安倍晴明ら天文家・安倍氏も賀茂氏と同様、人材不足が功を奏して早くから陰陽寮内で影響力を獲得することに成功した。
- Same as the Kamo clan, the Abe clan, which was the disciple line of the Kamo clan and the astronomer family, also shortly succeeded in having a large influence within the Onmyoryo, thanks to the shortage of talented people.
- 仕丁から選抜された守辰丁(20名)を率いて漏刻を警備するとともに、時刻を計り、定時に守辰丁に命じて陰陽寮内に設置された鐘を撃たせた。
- In charge of 20 Shushincho (workers) selected from among forced laborers, the Rokoku Hakase supervised the rokoku (water clock) and at the same time measured the time, and at regular intervals ordered Shushincho to strike a bell installed in the Onmyoryo.
- 残った左右の馬寮も781年に主馬寮(しゅめりょう)に統合されて長である主馬頭(しゅめのかみ)には従四位下である伊勢老人が任じられた。
- Remaining Samaryo and Umaryo were integrated into Shumeryo (Bureau of Imperial Mews) in 781, and ISE no Okina whose rank was Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) was assigned to Shume no kami, the head of Shumeryo.
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮のリストに「狭城楯列池上陵」(さきたたなみいけのえのみささぎ)と記されており、宮内庁は現・神功皇后陵に比定している。
- It is recorded as 'Sakitatanamiike no e no Misasagi' in the list of Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) in 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), and the Imperial Household Agency analogically considers it as present Empress Jingu Mausoleum.
- 庶務職においても、陰陽史生(おんみょうのししょう)(定員不明)が設置され、文書の複写や寮内で稟議書を届けて回る伝令として用いられた。
- With respect to administrative jobs, Onmyo no shisho (number of positions unknown) was set up to perform messenger services such as; copying documents and delivering hingisho (meeting agenda) within the bureau.
- だが、この構想に反対する保守的な公家勢力を中心に4月15日 (旧暦)に学習院を大学寮代と改称して大学寮再建方針を打ち出したのである。
- However, on May 7, mainly conservative court nobles who objected the initiative hammered out Daigaku-ryo re-establishment line and changed the name of Gakushuin to Daigakuryo-dai.
- 掃部寮は弘仁11年(820年)に行政改革の一環として職掌の同じ大蔵省律令制における大蔵省掃部司と宮内省内掃部司が統合されて成立した。
- In 820, Kamonryo was formed by integrating Kanimori no Tsukasa (Housekeeping Office) of Okurasho (Ministry of the Treasury) with Uchi no Kanimori no Tsukasa (Inner House Keeping Office) of Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) both of which had the same official duties, as a part of administrative reforms.
- 石黒を介して、典薬寮出身で侍医の高階経徳が経営する下谷練塀(ねりべい)町(現在の秋葉原)の私立医学校・好寿院に特別に入学を許される。
- Through ISHIGURO's introduction, she was specially allowed to enroll the Koju-in College, a private medical school in Shitaya Neribei-machi (present Akihabara), which was run by Tsunenori TAKASHINA, a court physician who worked at Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine).
- 暦博士による暦本提出後、陰陽寮は暦作りの専門部署として御暦所と呼ばれる臨時の機関を設置して、献上する暦の製作にあたらせて当日に備えた。
- The Onmyoryo established Onkoyomidokoro, a temporary specialized department to make calendars, where, once the books were submitted, are prepared for the day of calendar distribution by presenting calendars to the Emperor.
- 養老律令雑令造暦条に、陰陽寮(具体的には暦博士)が毎年予め来年の暦を作成して11月1日に中務省に送り、同省はそれを天皇に奏聞すること。
- An article on calendar making given in the Zoryo (Law on Miscellaneous Matters) of the Yoro Ritsuryo Code stipulate that Onmyoryo (more concretely Rekihakase) should make beforehand a New Year calendar and submit it to the Nakatsukasasho on every November 1st and that the Nakatsukasasho should present it to the Emperor.
- 遂に院政期には権力者による合格者の枠配分や大学寮への成功 (任官)(財政支援)によって任官や合格が決まるなどの例も見られるようになる。
- Eventually, during the Insei period (period of cloistered imperial rule), it became more common that influential people arranged the allocation of successful applicants, or that job appointment or success in an entrance exam was decided by applicants' offering of jogo (bribes for appointment) to Daigaku-ryo.
- 律令制においては、暦道・陰陽寮とともに陰陽寮の監督下に置かれ、天文博士(定員1名・正七位下)と天文生(10名)によって構成されていた。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Tenmondo was put under the supervision of the Onmyoryo, together with rekido and the Onmyoryo, and it consisted of one tenmon hakase (Shoshichiinoge (Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade)) and ten tenmon no sho (students of astronomy).
- 展示館は宮内省内匠寮技師片山東熊(かたやまとうくま)設計の本館(特別展示館)と京都大学名誉教授森田慶一設計の新館(平常展示館)がある。
- Among its exhibition halls, the main hall (Special Exhibition Hall) was designed by Tokuma KATAYAMA, a leading architect for the Imperial Household, and the new hall (the Collections Hall) was designed by Keichi MORITA, a professor emeritus at Kyoto University.
- 8月、本学学生センターは「学生関連施設のための予算を獲得できるので、吉田寮の建て替え予算を申請しないか」という旨の提案を吉田寮に行う。
- In August, the student center of Kyoto University made a proposal to the executives of Yoshida dormitory saying 'as we will be able to secure the budget for the improvement of students' facilities, why don't you request the budget for reconstructing Yoshida dormitory?'
- さらに1994年度、「京都大学学生との同居の切実な必要性」が認められる者(身障者とその介護者、親子、夫婦等)も入寮募集の対象となった。
- Further, 'persons who keenly need to live with the students of Kyoto University' (the handicapped and their support persons, parent and children, a couple etc.) were allowed to apply for entering the dormitory in the academic year 1994.
- 元々、大学寮には勧学田(学料田)と呼ばれる田地が存在しており、そこからの貢租によって学生を寄宿させ、食事を給付(給食)したとされている。
- Originally, Daigaku-ryo owned rice fields called kangakuden (gakuryoden) and it provided students with accommodation and meal using annual tax gained from such rice fields.
- 百寮訓要抄(ひゃくりょうくんようしょう)は、南北朝時代 (日本)に関白二条良基が室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義満のために執筆有職故実の解説書。
- Hyakuryo Kunyosho was a book on the study of ancient courtly traditions and etiquette which Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Yoshimoto Nijo wrote for Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 江戸時代には男性貴族のものも内蔵寮山科家の管理のもと御所の「官庫」に用意され、貸下げが一般化し(自前で新調してもよかった)、定型化した。
- During the Edo period, male nobles' clothes also came to be furnished under the control of the Yamashina family, the official of Kuraryo, and stocked in the 'Government warehouse' in the Imperial palace, and it became common to lend clothes to nobles (they were allowed to make new clothes by themselves), which helped standardize their clothing.
- 附 内匠寮京都博物館建築工事図面630枚、本館小屋組模型2箇、柱頭装飾木彫原型1箇、破風装飾木彫原型3箇、額縁装飾木彫原型1箇、棟札1枚
- Architectural Drafts of the Former Kyoto Imperial Museum (630) (Naishoryo (Bureau of Skilled Artisans) affiliated to the Museum), Models for the Roof of the Special Exhibition Hall (2), Capital Ornament Model (1), Gable Decoration Models (3), Frame Ornament Models (1), and Construction Tag (1)
- 平安京周辺に馬寮が設定した「飼養牧(しようまき)」に預けられて公務の必要に応じて利用された他、公卿や近衛府などに下賜される場合もあった。
- The horses were sometimes placed in 'Shiyomaki' which was set adjacent to Heiankyo (ancient capital of Japan, present day Kyoto) by Meryo and were accordingly used for public services or granted in some occasions to Kugyo (court nobles) or Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- もともとは太政官・神祇官や八省および主税寮・主計寮など一部の官司にしか置かれていなかったが、行政の煩雑化に伴って様々な官司へ増置された。
- Shisho were originally placed in some offices such as Daijokan, Jingikan, the eight ministries, Shuzeiryo, and Shukeiryo; however, as the administration became complicated, Shisho were additionally placed in other offices.
- また、天平宝字元年(757年)からは陰陽寮で暦道を学ぶ暦生の中から暦学に必要な数学を学ぶために算道を兼修する暦算生が別枠として設置された。
- Furthermore, starting in 757, rekisansho, a combination of calendar study and Sando, was set up as another division so that Reki no sho (students of calendar) who were learning rekido (calendar study) at the Onmyo-ryo (Bureau of Divination) could learn the mathematics required for rekido.
- 養老律令によれば、図書寮に属した技術者にあたる造紙手(ぞうししゅ)4名とその下で働く品部の紙戸が山背国(後の山城国)に50戸置かれていた。
- According to the Yoro Ritsuryo Code (code promulgated in the Yoro era), there were four zoshishu, or paper making technicians, who belonged to Zushonoryo, and 50 kamiko (hereditary artisans for paper making under the government management) belonging to Shinabe (a rank of technicians in offices), who worked under zoshishu, were placed in Yamashiro Province.
- 事実、吉田寮や熊野寮が自主的に入寮資格拡大を行わなかった場合、女子学生(女子寮)や院生(室町寮)の受け入れ先はほぼ無いに等しい状態だった。
- As a matter of fact, if Yoshida dormitory and Kumano dormitory hadn't eased the requirements on an autonomous basis, there might have been no facilities to accept female students (dormitory for females) and graduate students (Muromachi dormitory).
- 天皇自身、占星を得意としたのに加え、当時陰陽道などが律令国家である唐や新羅で盛んに行われたのが影響もしてか占星台や陰陽寮も設置させている。
- Senseidai (astrology station) and Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) were established probably because the Emperor was good at Astrology, or they were influenced by the nations under the Ritsuryo codes like Tang and Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom), in which Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) was popular.
- 貞元 (日本)2年(977年)頃に三善朝臣の姓が授けられ、その1人であった三善茂明が主税寮兼算博士に就任し、その子孫は代々算博士を継いだ。
- Around the year of 977, the clan was given the surname of Miyoshi Ason, and among the members of the clan, Shigeaki MIYOSHI was appointed as Shuzeiryo (a position in Bureau of Taxation) in addition to Sanhakase (a position with responsibility for teaching mathematics and looking after mathematicians), the position that his descendants inherited for generations.
- 岩倉はこれに同意して9月13日 (旧暦)に平田案に基づく国学中心の皇学所と大学寮代を改組した漢学中心の漢学所の2校体制に移行したのである。
- IWAKURA agreed and on October 28, he made a transition to two educational institutions system: the Kokugaku-centered 'Kogakusho' based on HIRATA opinion and the Kangaku-centered 'Kangakusho' (Kangaku is the study of Chinese classical literature), which was reorganization of Daigakuryo-dai.
- また、過去には、大学の設置者である学校法人同志社の理事にも寮出身者を輩出しており、2004年においても、理事を招いての式典等が開催された。
- In the past, the dormitory produced persons who became a trustee of the educational foundation of Doshisha, and in 2004, a ceremony and other events were held inviting trustees.
- また、儒教以外の知識に通じた官人育成の観点から大学寮に文章博士・明法博士を令外官として設置して、後に文章博士は大学寮の博士の首位となった。
- In terms of fostering literate government officials with knowledge other than Confucianism, Monjo hakase (professor of literature) and Myobo hakase (teacher of the law in the Ritsuryo system) were also placed, and later reached the top posts of Monjo hakase and Myobo hakase of Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).
- 翌持統天皇元年(687年)1月1日、皇后(持統天皇)、皇太子(草壁皇子)、公卿、百寮人が殯宮で慟哭したとき、納言の布勢朝臣御主人が誄した。
- On January 1, 687 (in old lunar calendar; February 21, 687), while Empress Jito, the Crown Prince (Prince Kusakabe), kugyo (court nobles), and many officials were mourning at the hinkyu (funeral parlor), Nagon FUSE Ason Miushi delivered a eulogy.
- 御暦奏(ごりゃくそう)とは、近代以前において毎年11月1日 (旧暦)に陰陽寮から中務省を経由して天皇に対して翌年の暦が奏進される儀式のこと。
- Goryakuso is a ceremony conducted during pre-modern periods, in which a Year calendar is presented on every November first (old lunar calendar) by Onmyoryo to the Emperor via Nakatsukasasho.
- 主税寮は主計寮が調の税収監査を行って中央財政を管轄するのに対し、租税(特に租)や出挙の帳簿との照合などによる監査を通じて地方財政を管轄した。
- While Shukeiryo (Bureau of Statistics) controlled the Central Finance by auditing the tax yields of cho (tributes), Shuzeiryo controlled local finance through auditing by verifying account books of land taxes (especially rice tax) and suiko (government loans made to peasants).
- この時代、原則的には中央の教育機関であった大学寮は主に貴族の、地方の教育機関であった国学 (律令制の教育機関)は郡司の子弟を対象としていた。
- A principle in this period was that Daigaku-ryo (the Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the Ritsuryo code)--an educational institution of the central government--targeted nobility, while Kokugaku (provincial schools) (educational institution under the Ritsuryo system), as local educational institutions, targeted younger people of gunji (district managers).
- こうした就学政策に加えて、唐風文化への関心の増大などがあり、平安時代前期に相当する9世紀から10世紀初頭にかけてが大学寮の全盛期にあたった。
- In addition to these school attendance policies, because of a rise in interest in a Tang Dynasty-style culture, Daigaku-ryo saw its heyday between the 9th century and the early 10th century, which corresponds to the first half of the Heian period.
- この前代未聞の不祥事が発覚することを恐れた斎宮寮は、生まれてくる子供を伊勢権守で斎宮頭であった高階岑緒の子、高階茂範の養子にすることにした。
- The Office of the Consecrated Princess, fearing the discovery of this unprecedented scandal, decided to make Shigenori TAKASHINA, the son of Mineo TAKASHINA, governor of Ise and the head of the Office and have him adopt the child when it was born.
- 確かな記録に現れるのは960年で、当時天文得業生(陰陽寮に所属し天文博士から天文道を学ぶ学生の職)であった晴明は村上天皇に占いを命ぜられた。
- Reliable records appear from 960, and Seimei, who was a student of ancient astrology (the studenthood belonging to the Office of Ommyo to learn ancient astrology from the scholar of ancient astrology), was ordered by Emperor Murakami to perform a divinatory reading.
- 一方、学生らの反対運動(後述)により吉田東寮は現在でも存続し、京大生とその家族など約180名が生活している(京都大学の定める定員は147名)。
- On the other hand, Yoshida East dormitory has continued to exist until the present thanks to the opposition movement conducted by the students of the time (to be mentioned later), and about 180 persons, including the students of Kyoto University as well as their families, are living in the dormitory (the predetermined number of personnel determined by Kyoto University is 147).
- 源平の戦い当時の陰陽寮安倍泰親(吉平の玄孫にあたる、1110-83)は正四位上、息子の安倍季弘(1136-99)は正四位下にまで昇進している。
- During the Genpei War, then-Onmyoryo ABE no Yasuchika (1110-1183) who was the great-great-grandson of ABE no Yoshihira, moved up to Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank Upper Grade), and his son ABE no Suehiro (1136-1199) also moved up to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 定員は奈良時代については不詳だが、大同の廃止時に左右の大舎人寮に内豎を各100名ずつ振り分けたとされており、弘仁の再設置時に120名であった。
- The prescribed number of personnel in the Nara period is unknown, but it was 100 for each of the Left and Right Otoneriryo (Bureau of Imperial Attendants) at the time when Naiju system was abolished from 806 and 810 and 120 at the time of reestablishment from 810 and 824.
- 職 (律令制)や寮 (律令制)と並び主に省(中務省・治部省・刑部省・兵部省・大蔵省・宮内省の各省)や衛門府・京職のもとに置かれて事務を行った。
- Along with Shiki (ritsuryo system) and Ryo (ritsuryo system), Tsukasa was mainly placed under the ministries (Nakatsukasasho, Jibusho, Gyobusho, Hyobusho, Okurasho, and Kunaisho), Emonfu, and Kyoshiki to be in charge of clerical work.
- 明治維新後、雅楽寮は楽所と統合されるなどの紆余曲折を経て宮内省式部職楽部(がくぶ)に改組され(1908年)、現在の宮内庁にそのまま引き継がれる。
- After the Meiji Restoration, with some bumps and detours such as being integrated into the gakuso, Utaryo was reorganized into Shikibushoku Gakubu (Music Department of Imperial Household Agency) in 1908 and was taken over by the present Imperial Household Agency as it was.
- 朝廷の武官は左右近衛、兵衛、衛門の近衛兵六衛府を代表とするが、馬寮も武官の一部を構成し、信濃、関東に多くあった「牧」はその馬寮とつながっていた。
- The military officers of the imperial court were represented by Konoehei Rokuefu (Six Imperial Guards) Sayu Konoefu (the left and right divisions of the Inner Palace Guards), Hyoe (palace guard), emon (Outer Palace Guards), and Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) formed part of being a military officer, and many 'maki' connected to meryo that existed in the Shinano and Kanto regions.
- 当初、朝廷はこれを学生を公平に扱う上で不都合と考えて、貞観式(大学寮)において「およそ寮家に住せざるものは貢挙するを得ざれ」の一文を設けている。
- At first, the Imperial court thought this situation was unfair to the students, so it inserted the statement that 'no student who lives outside the dormitory of the Daigaku-ryo can be recommended to be an officer' into the Jogan-shiki Code (a book of laws and regulations compiled in the Jogan Era).
- 特に内蔵寮など自己に属していた官人の多くを失った壬生家の反発は強く、寛永11年(1634年)に出納平田職忠と官務壬生孝亮との間の相論に発展した。
- Especially, the Mibu family reacted sharply because their former subordinate officials, including those of the Palace Storehouse Bureau, were taken over by the Hirata family, which culminated in the dispute between 'suino' Mototada HIRATA and 'kanmu' Takasuke MIBU in 1634.
- つまり、本来その任にあたる検非違使とは別に、天皇から、武官以外には禁止されていた弓箭を帯びての招集を受け、その任務の間、馬寮より官馬が支給される。
- In other words, being apart from original Kebiishi duty, they were summoned wearing Kyusen (Bow and arrow) that was forbidden for others except for military officers and military horses were supplied by Meryo during their duty.
- 旧制高等学校をなつかしむ卒業生は戦後においても日本寮歌祭をひらいたり、「日本の教育改革を進める会」を結成したりして旧制高等学校の長所をうったえた。
- The graduates who reminisced over the former higher schools proclaimed the positive aspects of the former higher schools by holding Nihon Ryokasai (song festival held by the dormitory students) and by founding 'Association to Advance the Educational Revolution in Japan' even after the war.
- 同年、東本願寺が東京巣鴨に開校した真宗大学(後に、高倉大学寮と併合、京都に移されて真宗大谷大学と改称、現、大谷大学)の学監に就任するも、翌年辞任。
- In the same year, he became dean of Shinshu University, which was founded in Sugamo, Tokyo by Higashi Hongan-ji Temple (Later, the university was merged with Takakura Daigaku-ryo and moved to Kyoto, and the name changed to Shinshu Otani University; present-day Otani University), but he resigned the following year.
- 初期の大学寮においては儒学を教える明経道が中心とされ、律令を教える明法道と算術を教える算道が実務的な観点からこれを補う構造であったと考えられている。
- It is thought that in the early daigakuryo, myogyodo, which was the study of Confucian classics, was centered on supplementary subjects: myobodo to teach the Ritsuryo codes and sando to teach arithmetic, added from practical viewpoints.
- なお、音博士の音道と書博士の書道 (大学寮)は、明経道の学習を補助するための学科であり、平安時代中期には明経道に実質的に統合されたと考えられている。
- Incidentally, Ondo (study of pronunciation of the Chinese language) taught by On Hakase (professors of pronunciation of Chinese language) and Shodo (calligraphy) taught by Sho Hakase (professors of calligraphy) were subjects that supplemented the study of Myogyodo, and it is considered that the two subjects were practically integrated with Myogyodo by the middle of the Heian period.
- 「壬申に、高市皇子(たけちのみこ)、藤原(ふぢはら)の宮地(みやどころ)を観(みそなほ)す。公卿百寮(まへつきみつかさつかさおほみ)従(とも)なり」
- On December 5, Takechi no miko (Prince Takechi) inspected the site for the Fujiwara Palace; he was accompanied by the ministers and public functionaries.
- 西部講堂に関わっていたのは京大生だけでなく、当時、同志社大学学生放送局、京都市芸大サークル、立命館寮連合など、多くの学生が西部講堂に出入りしていた。
- Not only students of Kyoto University got involved in Seibu-Kodo Hall, but also many students from Doshisha University Student Broadcast station, circles of Kyoto City University of Arts and the dormitory association of Ritsumeikan University and others went in and out of this Hall.
- また、こうした風潮によって、大学寮のでの儒教教育が一種の行政処理のための「技術」とみなされて、中下流貴族の立身のための機関と考えられるようになった。
- Also, influenced by these trends, the education of Confucianism in Daigaku-ryo was regarded as a kind of 'technique' for the management of administrative jobs, and Daigaku-ryo came to be considered an institution where middle and low ranking nobles made a name for themselves.
- 平安時代前期に編纂された延喜式には、諸陵寮管理下の陵墓の一覧表が記載されているが、このころの墓には外戚(皇妃の実家:藤原氏など)の墓も含まれている。
- Engishiki, a book of laws and regulations compiled in the early Heian period, contains a list of mausoleums managed under the jurisdiction of Shoryoryo, which shows that the graves of maternal relatives of the imperial family (such as the members of the Fujiwara clan, which married daughters to emperors) were included among these mausoleums.
- 室町時代後期の文明年間に入ると、鳥羽の北側を「上鳥羽」(『東寺百合文書』所収「右馬寮田地売券」)、南側を「下鳥羽」(『実遠公記』)と呼ぶ例が現れる。
- In the Bunmei Era of the late Muromachi period, some examples appeared that the northern side of Toba was called 'Kamitoba' ('Umaryo denchi baiken' [a farmer's note for selling land of the horse office of the Right] in 'To-ji Hyakugo Monjo' [100 case documents, of the To-ji Temple]) and the southern side 'Shimotoba' (in 'Saneto Koki' [the record of Lord Saneto]).
- 1678年、資材の寄進を得て東本願寺の別邸渉成園内に移り、さらに1755年、規模を拡大して高倉通魚棚(五条下ル)に移転、以後「高倉学寮」と称された。
- In 1678 the seminary was relocated to the Shoseien, an annex of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, with the donation of building materials; subsequently, in 1755 it was increased in size, relocated to Takakura-dori Uontana (Gojo kudaru) and renamed 'Takakura Gakuryo.'
- しかしながらある夜ベイカーさんが、学生全員が学寮に戻っていなければいけない時刻に戻ってきたとき、彼女は自分の駐車スペースに別の車があるのを見つけた。
- One evening, however, when Miss Baker got back to the college a few minutes before the time by which all students had to be in, she found another car in her parking space.
- 日本における大夫は、『公式令』により、太政官においては三位以上、寮においては四位以上、国司国等級区分以下の国司においては五位以上の官吏の称とされた。
- According to 'Kushiki-ryo' (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), Taifu referred to a government official of: Sanmi (Third Rank) or higher in Daijokan (Grand Council of State); Shii (Fourth Rank) or higher in Ryo (bureau); and Goi (Fifth Rank) or higher among Kokushi (provincial governors) who were lower than 国司国等級区分 (the grade classification of Kuni [provinces] and Kokushi [provincial governors]).
- 延喜式には縫殿寮に内染司の機能を継承したとみられる「御服染作所(ごふくそめつくりどころ)」が設置され、染師の後身と見られる染手6名が配属されている。
- In the Engishiki (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), 'Gofukusome tsukuridokoro' (the center for dyeing clothes), which succeeded to the function of Naisenshi, was put in Nuidonoryo and six Somete (dyer), who seems to have been later forms of Someshi (dyer), were staffed.
- 学問料(がくもんりょう)とは、平安時代に大学寮紀伝道の学生である文章生から選抜されて支給された奨学のための費用であり、給料(きゅうりょう)とも称した。
- The term Gakumonryo is a scholarship for Monjosho (students who study poetry and history) who studied Kidendo (the study of history) at Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) during the Heian period and it was also called Kyuryo.
- 近衛府、兵衛府は形骸化し、実際には衛門府と、左衛門尉が兼任する検非違使、馬寮、そして滝口、武者所、院政期においては北面下臈(いわゆる北面武士)である。
- Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards) and Hyoe-fu (Headquarters of the Middle Palace Guards) fell to ruins and they were Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards), Saemon no jo (third-ranking officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) that had additional duties of kebiishi, meryo, Takiguchi, Mushadokoro (place where Samurai of guard of the Imperial Palace is staffed), and hokumen gero (北面下臈)(or so called Northern bushi) during insei period (during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor).
- しかし、明治維新後の明治3年(1870年)に陰陽寮が廃止され、太政官から土御門に対して、天文学・暦学の事は、以後大学寮の管轄になると言い渡しを受ける。
- However, Onmyoryo (a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) was abolished in 1870 after Meiji Restoration, and Daijokan (Grand Council of State) pronounced Tsuchimikado that Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) should be responsible for the affairs related to astronomy and the study of the calendar since then.
- 女子学寮には非常に小さい駐車場があった。先生と学生の幾人かと学生のボーイフレンドの多くが車を持っていて、駐車する場所をみつけるのがしばしば難しかった。
- The women's college had a very small car park, and as several of the teachers and students, and many of the student's boyfriends, had cars, it was often difficult to find a place to park.
- その期に乗じて明治政府は1870年(明治3年)に陰陽寮を廃止を強行し、その職掌であった天文・暦算を大学・天文台、ないし海軍 (日本)の一部に移管した。
- Seizing this opportunity, in 1870, the Meiji government went ahead and abolished Onmyoryo and transferred tenmon and rekizan (calculation of calendar) to the university, observatory, or to a section of the Navy (Japan).
- 当時の学生は、大半は大学寮内に寄宿していており、代表的なものとして菅原清公(菅原道真祖父)が設立して菅原氏・大江氏の管理下にあったとされる文章院がある。
- Most of the students in those days were resident students in Daigakuryo; a representative example is Monjoin, which was established by SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi (the grandfather of SUGAWARA no Michizane) and under the supervision of the Sugawara and Oe clans.
- しかし、711年に馬の軍事的な重要性から従五位下ながら皇族である葛木王(後の橘諸兄)が令外官である馬寮監(めりょうげん)に任じられて左右馬寮を統括した。
- However, in 711, Prince Katsuragi (later TACHIBANA no Moroe) who was a member of the Imperial family although his rank was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) was appointed as Meryogen (the chief of the Bureau of Horses) which was Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system), from the viewpoint of military importance, and controlled the right and left divisions of Meryo.
- 律令下において天皇の権威を証明するのみの「権威的機関」・「慣例行事履行機関」となりつつあった陰陽寮、ひいては陰陽道の新たなる活路を見出すことに成功した。
- Although the Onmyoryo had been degraded to a mere 'institution of authorization' or 'executing institution of everyday rites and rituals,' serving only to testify the authority of the Emperor under the Ritsuryo system (an ancient system of centralized governance based on the Ritsuryo code), he succeeded in finding a new way not only in the Onmyoryo but also in the philosophy of Onmyodo.
- その後、神祇官末期に設置された宣教使による大教宣布を強化するために、わずか半年で教部省に改称され、宮中祭祀は分離されて宮内省式部寮に移されることとなった。
- Following the creation of the Ministry of Divinities, a mere six months later its name was changed to kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) in order to disseminate further the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for the Establishment of Shinto through the efforts of the senkyoshi (Shinto missionaries) who had been established in the final days of the Department of Divinities; the religious services of the Imperial Court were separated from this Ministry's jurisdiction and placed under the control of the shikiburyo (Bureau of Rites) of the Imperial Household Agency.
- 内蔵寮の職掌は大蔵省より宮廷運営のために送付された金銀絹などをはじめとする天皇家の財産管理・宝物の保管・官人への下賜・調達など天皇家関係の出納事務である。
- The official duties of the Kuraryo are accounting duties related to the Emperor's family such as managing the Emperor's family fortune which included gold, silver and silk sent by the Ministry of Finance for running the court, the keeping of treasures, grants to courtiers, and procurement.
- 同時に、同年7月に正七位下馬寮藤原滋実らを派遣して不動穀を俘囚に支給して彼らを懐柔し、俘囚深江弥加止らに反乱した夷俘を討たせる策を採用して事態を収拾した。
- At the same time, the Imperial court dispatched Shoshichiinoge (Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade) Umaryo (Bureau of Horses) FUJIWARA no Shigezane in August of the same year, and ordered him to appease prisoners by providing fudokoku (staple for emergency) and to subdue Emishi taking advantage of the force of FUKAE no Mikado and other prisoners.
- 昭和の学生運動が盛んなころ、日本全国の大学には、自主独立の気運が存在、同志社大学の学生寮においてもこのような理念が創出され、自治を重んじる風潮が生まれた。
- Around the period when the student movement in the Showa period flourished, there was a tendency toward sovereign independence among the Japanese universities, and at the Doshisha University dormitory such an ideology was born, thus creating the trend which took the idea of gaining autonomy seriously.
- 後に建立された陰陽寮や占星台の址である天武天皇時代の飛鳥池遺跡からは1998年に「天皇…丁丑年(677年)…観勒…」と、その名を記した木簡が出土している。
- In 1998, mokkan (a piece of wood) on which his name was inscribed, that read, 'Emperor ….677…Kanroku…' was excavated from the Asukaike archaeological site, the remains of the Bureau of Onmyo and astrology station built at a later date in the years of Emperor Tenmu.
- 算博士・主税寮・主税頭・陸奥国国司などの官職を歴任する一方で、当初は摂関家、後に西園寺家の家司となり、西園寺公経の信任を受けて同家の所領経営などにあたる。
- He successively filled official positions including the doctor of mathematics, an official at the Tax Bureau, the Chief Food Inspector, and the governor of Mutsu Province, while serving initially the regent house and later the Saionji family as a house steward, and in the Saionji family, he was trusted by Kintsune SAIONJI to manage the estates of the family.
- さらに天文博士や陰陽助(陰陽寮の次官)に晴明の二人の息子安倍吉昌と安倍吉平が任ぜられ、安倍氏は晴明一代の間に師忠行の賀茂氏と並ぶ陰陽道の家となっていった。
- Furthermore, Seimei's two sons, ABE no Yoshimasa and ABE no Yoshihira, were assigned as the scholar of the ancient astrology and Ommyojo (Deputy Minister of Ommyo-ryo), and during Seimei's generation alone the Abe clan became an Ommyodo family, just like Tadayuki MORO of the Kamo clan.
- 『官職秘抄』や『職原鈔』、『百寮訓要抄』などによると、後世には長官である大夫は四位から、逆に次官である亮は六位から選ばれる例が多くなった事が記されている。
- According to the 'Kanshoku Hisho' (a text describing rules of ceremony and etiquette to be observed in the imperial court and by samurai that was written during the early Heian period in around 1200), 'Shokugensho' (A book on Japanese government officials written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE), 'Hyakuryo Kunyosho' (practical guide on Yusoku kojitsu [court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette]) and so on, it was described that increasingly, Daibu, who would become Kami (director) for years to come, was selected from Shii (Fourth Rank) and Suke, the assistant director, from Rokui (Sixth Rank) conversely.
- 小田原の役で後北条氏の嫡流が滅亡すると、康広の子の小笠原長房 (旗本)は徳川家康の家臣となり、子孫は旗本として存続し、江戸時代の歴代の当主は縫殿寮を称した。
- After the main line of the Gohojo clan went to ruin at the Siege of Odawara, the son of Yasuhiro, Nagafusa OGASAWARA (hatamoto [direct retainer of the bakufu]) became a vassal of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his descendants continued as hatamoto and its successive heads in the Edo period served as officials of Nuidono-ryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies).
- 一般的に各省で方技(技官)がおしなべて位階を低めに設定されていた中で、陰陽寮の方技の官位は低目とはいっても各省管轄下の方技に比較すれば高めに設定されていた。
- Among hogi (gikan) generally given a lower court rank in every department, that for hogi in Onmyoryo, albeit on the low side, was set up higher compared to their counterparts belonging to the other departments.
- 弘仁9年(818年)嵯峨天皇の代に令制で造営・建築を担当する木工寮の事務が繁雑であったため、いったん併合した造宮職の業務を独立させ、令外官として新設された。
- Since clerical work of Moku-ryo (Bureau of Carpentry) in charge of construction and architecture under the Ritsuryo system (ancient East Asian system of centralized governance in Japan: esp. 7th-10th century) was complicated, work of Zogushiki (Office of Works) which was merged once was delinked, and Shurishiki was newly established as Ryoge no kan in 818 in the period of Emperor Saga.
- 同様に、同年12月28日付の「左近衛大将左馬寮御監両官職兼帯」の宣旨、慶長元年5月8日付の正二位内大臣の昇叙転任の宣旨についても豊臣家康の名義と考えられる。
- In the similar way, it is considered that the following two decrees were also issued with the name of Ieyasu TOYOTOMI: the one of 'should assume both posts of Sakone no daisho (Major Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Samaryo gogen (Inspector of the Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses),' dated on December 28, the same year, and the one for promoting him to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and for changing the post to Naidaijin (Inner Minister), dated May 8 (in the old calendar), 1596.
- その後、1917年(大正7年)12月、帝室博物館(現東京国立博物館)総長兼図書寮宮内省図書頭(ずしょのかみ) に、翌年1月に帝室制度審議会御用掛に就任した。
- After that, in December 1917 he simultaneously assumed office as director general of Imperial Museum (present Tokyo National Museum) and Head of Books of the Zushoryo (Bureau of Drawings and Books) and Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), then Goyogakari of Council for the Imperial House System in January of the following year.
- だが、明治6年(1873年)に井上や渋沢が辞し、続いて大蔵卿に大隈重信が就くと組織改変で翻訳局は縮小され、翌年には廃止となり卯吉は大蔵省紙幣寮に異動となる。
- However, in 1873 Inoue and Shibusawa resigned, and when the Shigenobu OKUMA took office as Minister of Finance the translation bureau was curtailed through a ministry reorganisation and abolished the following year, forcing Ukichi to transfer to the ministry's department for currency.
- そして1982年12月、寮生側との協議や意見聴取などのないまま、評議会によって「吉田寮の在寮期限を昭和61年3月31日とする」(原文ママ)との決定がなされた。
- In December 1982, the university council decided, without consultation with the members of the dormitory or hearing their opinions, that 'the time limit for staying at Yoshida dormitory is March 31, 1986' (so in original).
- 1959年(昭和34年)、60年には民間の労働者寄宿舎が本学の学生寄宿舎に転用され、従来からの建物が吉田東寮、転用された建物が吉田西寮と呼ばれるようになった。
- In 1959 and 1960, a dormitory for private workers was converted to a dormitory of Kyoto University, and the then- existing building and newly converted building were called Yoshida East dormitory and Yoshida West dormitory respectively.
- 後に10世紀に入って、後述の賀茂氏と阿倍氏の2家による独占世襲が見られるようになると、陰陽頭以下、陰陽寮の上位職はこの両家の出身者がほぼ独占するようになった。
- Afterwards, in the early 10th century, when the Kamo clan and the Abe clan began to pass their respective jobs down exclusively by succession, people from these families virtually monopolized the higher positions including Onmyo no kami in Onmyoryo.
- 何らかの理由により祖父源経基の養子となり、中級貴族として馬寮、但馬国介、上野国掾、下野国守、筑前守などを歴任し極位は従五位下であったとされる(『尊卑分脈』)。
- He became an adopted sun of his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto for some reason, assumed various positions including Maryo (Division of the Bureau of Horses), Tajima no kuni no suke (Assistant Governor of Tajima Province), Kozukenokuni no jo (provincial governor of Kozuke), Shimotsuke no kuni no kami (the governor of Shimotsuke Province), and Chikuzen no kami (governor of Chikuzen Province) as a middle-ranking noble and is said to have ultimately attained the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) (according to 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' [a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy]).
- 平安時代中期以後の後宮の再編と十二司の解体に伴い、主殿寮に吸収されて同署より内侍司に対して派遣される形となり、こうした女官を主殿司あるいは主殿女官と呼ばれた。
- With the reorganization of kokyu and the demise of kokyu junishi after the middle of the Heian period, Tonomo no tsukasa was incorporated into Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau) and Tonomoryo began to send the staffs in Tonomo no tsukasa to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) and such a court lady was called court servant or court lady servant.
- また、遣唐使の廃止による中国文化への関心低下と律令制の弛緩、藤原氏摂関政治の確立による中下流貴族の没落などによって、大学寮の地位も徐々に低下していくようになる。
- Also, the status of Daigaku-ryo gradually declined due to reasons such as a decrease in interest in Chinese culture because of the abolishment of Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China, the relaxation of the Ritsuryo system, and the downfall of low and middle ranking peers owing to the establishment of Fujiwara's Sekkan (regents and advisers) government.
- これは議会政治とは全く関係なく、「栄華の巷低く見て」という第一高等学校 (旧制)寮歌「嗚呼玉杯」の一節に代表されるように、超然主義の本来の意味に近いものである。
- Schools being transcendentalist had no relation to the parliamentary politics; their transcendentalism was close to what it originally meant, as represented in the phrase 'Eiga no Chimata Hikku Mite (looking down on the flourishing lower world)' of a dorm song of Dai Ichi (First) High School (of the old-education-system) called 'Aa Gyokuhai.'
- 更に律令制の弛緩は勧学田の荘園化による喪失を招き、これに対して大学寮向けの出挙制度の整備などの措置が取られたものの十分とは言えず、大学寮財政を圧迫する事になる。
- The relaxation of the Ritsuryo system also forced Daigaku-ryo to lose its kangakuden, which was changed into Shoen (manors in medieval Japan), and put a strain on its finances, despite rescue measures targeting Daigaku-ryo, such as the offering of suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through 12th centuries), because they were not sufficient.
- 1921年(大正11年)に北大路魯山人が開設した美食倶楽部が、1925年(大正14年)にこの星ヶ岡茶寮を借り受けて会員制の料亭として営業したが、戦災で焼失した。
- In 1921, Rosanjin KITAOJI established Bishoku Club (a club for Gastronomy), and in 1925, he borrowed this Hoshigaoka-saryo (Star Mountain Tea House) and opened business as a membership ryotei; but it burnt down during the war.
- これに対して、8世紀には大学寮において一部ながら見られ、『経国集』などによって今日でも見ることが出来る儒教的見地からの仏教批判はすっかり影を潜めるようになった。
- In opposition to this, criticism against Buddhism from the Confucianism side of view, which could partly be seen in Daigakuryo in the eighth century, and can still be seen today in historical sources such as 'Keikokushu' (A collection of managing the country) became completely eclipsed.
- 茶の加工と販売を主な事業とするほか、和風喫茶「茶寮都路里」では、抹茶やほうじ茶などの日本茶を使ったパフェやアイスクリーム等を提供し、若い女性の人気を集めている。
- As well as process and sale of tea as a main business, it serves parfait and ice cream made with Japanese tea including maccha (powdered green tea) and hojicha (roasted green tea), which are popular among young women.
- 翌1898年(同31年)、1889年(同22年)竣工の(旧制)第三高等学校の学生寄宿舎が譲り受けられ、1913年にその材木を再利用して現在の吉田寮が建築された。
- Kyoto University took over in 1898 the dormitory of the former Third High School, which was constructed in 1889, and newly constructed the existing Yoshida dormitory in 1913 using its scrap wood.
- 撰者未詳の図書寮本『類聚名義抄』(1100年頃)と、橘忠兼の『色葉字類抄』(2巻本1163年-1165年頃成立、3巻本1182年-1184年頃成立)がそれである。
- 'Ruiju Myogi sho' (Japanese-Chinese character dictionary from the late Heian Period), Zushoryo version whose compiler is unknown, (completed around 1000), 'Irohajirui sho' (one of Japanese dictionaries in the Heian period) (色葉字類抄) by TACHIBANA no Tadakane (the version constituted of two volumes; completed around 1163-1165), (the version constituted of three volumes; completed around 1182-1184) were newly created.
- これによって大学寮に残って博士などの教官職を目指す者以外にとっては卒業は任官の必須の要件ではなくなり、大学寮の試験そのものが形骸化・簡略化されるきっかけとなった。
- As a result, for students other than those who stayed in Daigaku-ryo and aspired to a teaching career such as hakase (professor), graduation was no more a prerequisite for job appointment, and this prompted Daigaku-ryo's examinations to lose substance and to become simplified.
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮によれば、片岡葦田墓(かたおかのあしたのはか)に葬られたとされ、塚口氏は奈良県香芝市の平野塚穴山古墳(方墳・辺18m、国史跡)をそれに当てている。
- According to the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), he was buried in Kataoka no Ashitaka graveyard and Mr. Tsukaguchi guesses that to be Hirano Tsukaanayama Tumulus (square tumulus, 18 m sides, national historical site).
- また、平安京遷都後に明法生の講義と宿舎の場として中央の堂(校舎)と東西に分かれた直曹(寄宿舎)からなる明法道院(みょうほうどういん)が大学寮の一番南側に建設された。
- Also after the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo, Myohodoin, a facility for the Myoho students to take lectures and boards was constructed including the central school building and east/west dormitories on the southernmost side of Daigakuryo.
- このため、後世紀伝道において主導的な立場に立った菅原氏が大学寮における自家の功績を顕彰するために、平安時代中期以後の学問料支給とこの史実を結び付けたと言われている。
- Therefore, it is said that the Sugawara clan, which later got the leading position in Kidendo, associated this historical fact with Gakumonryo of the mid-Heian period aiming to demonstrate the family's achievement at Daigaku-ryo.
- 官人の人事評価制度(人事考課)、礼式、及び選叙(叙位及び任官)、行賞を司り、役人養成機関である大学寮を統括するため、八省の内でも中務省に次いで重要な省とされてきた。
- Shikibu-sho was regarded as the most important ministry after Nakatsukasa-sho (Ministry of Central Affairs) among the eight central ministries, because it managed the personnel evaluation system (the Personnel Rating Section was responsible), the code of etiquette, the recruitment and promotion (the conferment of a court rank and appointment to an office), and the award, with administering Daigaku-ryo - an organization for training up government officials.
- 更に江戸時代の土御門泰福の時代には賀茂氏宗家の断絶後、賀茂氏庶流の幸徳井家と争っていた暦道の地位も奪って、安倍氏流土御門家による陰陽寮支配が確立されることとなった。
- Later in the Edo period, at the time of Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO, the soke (the head family or house) of the Kamo clan died out and the Abe clan took the position of rekido, over which they had fought with the Kotokui Family, a branch family of the Kamo Clan; in this way, they established the dominance of the Abe Clan's Tsuchimikado family in the Onmyoryo.
- 紙屋(かんや)川と呼ぶのは、平安時代の初期に図書寮(ずしょりょう)直轄の官営紙漉き場の紙屋(かんや)院(かんやいんとも言う)がこの川のほとりに設けられたからである。
- The reason it is called the Kanya-gawa River is that there was the kanyain (also called kamiya-in), a paper mill under the direct control of Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) of the government during the early stages of the Heian period, along this river.
- 西本願寺の学寮(後に同学寮因明学教授)、薬師寺、大和郡山の光慶寺 等で仏道修行、各地で仏道・朱子学・国学・和歌を学ぶ(父は出生前に他界、母も六歳の時に亡くなった)。
- He underwent Buddhism ascetic practice at Nishi Hongan-ji Temple's gakuryo (where he became a teacher of Inmyo-gaku at the gakuryo later), Yakushi-ji Temple, Kokei-ji Temple in Yamatokoriyama and other temples, and studied Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, Japanese classical literature, and waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) at various places (his father had died before he was born and his mother died when he was six years old).
- 西島安則総長時代の1989年(平成元年)春、京大当局(河合隼雄学生部長)と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
- In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'
- 弘仁12年2月17日 (旧暦)(811年3月15日)に官位相当が従五位下に引き上げられ、諸博士の筆頭であった明経博士を追い越して大学寮の教官で唯一の貴族身分とされた。
- The status of monjo hakase was raised to be equivalent to the official court rank of Jugoinoge (junior fifth rank, lower grade) on March 15, 811, passing myogyo hakase, the then highest ranking post among various kinds of hakase, and becoming the only teacher within Daigaku-ryo with a Court noble status.
- 大政奉還がなされ明治時代になると、明治維新の混乱に乗じて、陰陽頭土御門晴雄は陰陽寮への旧幕府天文方接収を要望してこれを叶え、天文観測や地図測量の権限の全てを収用した。
- When the Meiji Period began, after Taisei hokan (restoration of Imperial political power), taking advantage of the confusion created by the Meiji Restoration, Onmyo no kami Haruo TSUCHIMIKADO requested and received permission for Onmyoryo to take over the former Tenmongata shogunate and expropriated complete authority over astronomical observation, as well as mapping, and surveys.
- 戦後は「美食倶楽部」の拠点・星ヶ岡茶寮が人手に渡るなど不遇な生活を過ごすが、1954年(昭和29年)にロックフェラー財団の招聘で欧米各地で展覧会と講演会が開催される。
- After the war, he went through an unfortunate period, having to sell 'Hoshigaoka Saryo,' where the 'Bishoku Club' was based but, in 1954, the Rockefeller Foundation invited him to hold some exhibitions and lectures in Europe and America.
- 同様に技術系・学術系の官職においても、陰陽寮の賀茂氏・阿倍氏、大学寮紀伝道(文章博士)の菅原氏・大江氏のように家学の成立を背景とした世襲的な継承が行われるようになった。
- In the same way, technical and academic official positions were also held by certain clans such as the Kamo clan and Abe clan of the Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination), Sugawara clan and Oe clan of the Daigakuryo Kidendo (the study of the histories) (Bunsho hakase) with the background of the establishment of Kagaku.
- 更に大学寮の教官の間でも学説のみならず学生の立身を巡って一種の学閥が形成されるようになり、その中でも紀伝道では菅原氏と大江氏、それ以外の諸氏の間で激しい争いが行われた。
- Furthermore, a kind of academic cliques were formed among Daigaku-ryo's professors, who disputed over not only theories but also students' success in life, particularly in the Kidendo department, where fierce conflicts among the Sugawara clan, the Oe clan, and other clans took place.
- 元和4年(1618年)には女御御殿の造営が開始されるが、後水尾天皇の寵愛する女官四辻与津子(お与津御寮人)が皇子賀茂宮を出産していたことが判明すると入内は問題視される。
- In 1618 construction work of the Nyogo Palace was started, however, after it was found out Emperor Gomizunoo's favorite lady, a court lady, Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu oryonin) gave birth to Prince Kamo no Miya, the arrangement for Kazuko's entry into the court became complicated.
- それによれば、打毬者40人(左右近衛府官人以下各15人、兵衛府官人以下各10人)を2番として、各左右馬寮の馬をひきいて、左右近衛の陣の後から、毬門の東辺を経てつらなる。
- According to it, 40 players (15 players of officials, each from the Left and the Right Divisions of Inner Palace Guards, and 10 players of officials from the Middle Palace Guards) play two matches of Dakyu; they lead horses, which belong to the Left and the Right Divisions of Bureau of Horses, from the back of both camps of the Left and the Right Divisions of Inner Palace Guards to the east side of the goals, and stand in a row.
- だが、学習院が旧来の大学寮同様の儒教に基づく教育方針を採っていたことに不満を抱いた国学者は、国学と神道を中心に据えた学習院の改革あるいは新制学校の創設を求めたのである。
- However, since Gakushuin adopted an educational policy based on Confucianism like old Daigaku-ryo did, scholars of Kokugaku (Japanese classical literature) were disaffected and they asked for the reformation of Gakushuin, centering on Kokugaku and Shinto, or the establishment of schools under the new system.
- 付属施設 青雲寮、レストラン石翠亭、トーマス・エジソン記念碑、鳩嶺茶園、 青少年文化体育研修センター(楠峯館(宿泊)、鳩峯庵(茶室)、清峯殿(式場・会議室・宴会場)など
- Other facilities Seiunryo, Restaurant Sekisuitei, Monument of Thomas Edison, Kyurei tea room, Youth orientated cultural and physical education centre (Nampokan accommodation), Kyuhoan (tea room), Seihoden (function room, meeting room, bar) and so on).
- 加えて、陰陽寮官人の人材不足による複数部門の兼務、という実態も相まって、才能・地位を認められた賀茂氏は一気に陰陽寮の主要部門をすべて独占することになったといわれている。
- It is said that, in addition, the fact that the officials had to hold additional posts of departments due to the shortage of capable government officials in Onmyoryo helped the Kamo clan, whose talent and position had been well recognized, to monopolize the principal departments of the Onmyoryo all at once.
- 914年、三善清行は「意見十二箇条」の第4条で大学寮の荒廃ぶりを記しているが、前後の史料を見る限り学生数の減少などの大学寮そのものの荒廃を裏付ける事実は確認されていない。
- In 914, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI pointed out the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo in Article four of his 'Iken Junikajo' (12 opinions), but evidence that confirms the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo itself, such as a drop in the number of students, cannot be found in historical materials prior to or after the opinions.
- 晴雄の嫡男土御門晴栄が幼少である事を幸いに1870年に陰陽寮の廃止と陰陽道の公的分野からの排除が行われて、続いて天文や暦算分野も海軍や大学、天文台に移管される事となった。
- Taking advantage of the fact that Harenaga TSUCHIMIKADO, the heir of Haruo, was a little child, Onmyoryo was abolished and Onmyodo was eliminated from public authority in 1870, followed by the transfer of tenmon and rekizan to navy, universities and astronomical observatory.
- 文章博士は大学寮における教授・試験などの業務の他に、天皇や摂関、公卿の侍読を務めたり、彼らの依頼を受けて漢詩を作成したり、紀伝勘文や申文などの文章を執筆することがあった。
- Roles of monjo hakase were mainly teaching and conducting tests at Daigaku-ryo, but they sometimes included giving lectures to emperors, regents and chancellors, and Court nobles, and writing, on their requests, Chinese-style poems, reports on history, application letters for promotion, etc.
- 更に新政府内部でも陸海軍の円滑な運営に欠かせない天文や測量が古い陰陽寮に縛られる事への危惧や、非科学的な陰陽道が日本の近代科学導入の障害になる事が指摘されるようになった。
- In addition, even within the new government, some people started to point out the risk associated with the fact that astronomy and measurements, which were indispensable to smooth operations of the army and the navy, were controlled by the old Onmyoryo, and others pointed out that unscientific Onmyodo might become an obstacle to the introduction of modern science into Japan.
- 大宝律令において律令の解釈に関する官職や専門家を育成する仕組は存在せず、当初の大学寮においては本科にあたる後の明経道と数学の学科である算道の2つで構成されたと考えられている。
- Under Taiho Code, there were no system to develop the government posts and specialists handling the interpretation of ritsuryo and in Daigakuryo there seemed to be two subjects at first - future Myogyodo as the main course and Sando, a subject of mathematics.
- 延喜式神名帳に「大帯姫廟神社」(現宇佐神宮本社の一つ)とあるが、一方では神名帳にないが延喜式の式部寮の項に「橿日廟」(現香椎宮)とあり、神社と区別されている例もあったらしい。
- Even though 'Otarashihime no byo jinja' (one of the head shrines of Usa-jingu Shrine) is included in Jimmyocho (List of Deities) in Engishiki (Codes and Procedures on National Rites and Prayers); however, 'Kashii-byo' (now Kashii-gu Shrine) is not included in Jimmyocho but included under the category of Shikiburyo in Engishiki, which indicates that there were cases where mausoleums were distinguished from shrines.
- 図書寮で紙製造を扱っていた紙屋院は、原料貢進不足から新しい紙を漉くことが困難となり、宿紙を専門とするようになり図書寮が陰陽寮に暦に堪えうる料紙を支給することが困難になってきた。
- Kamiyain, who had been making paper in Toshoryo, had difficulty making paper because of the shortage of material, and therefore, began to make recycled paper called shukushi, and this made it difficult for Toshoryo to supply good quality paper for calendar to Onmyoryo.
- 古代律令制では雅楽寮が置かれていたが、しだいに諸家が家芸として独占的に世襲するようになり、律令制度の解体に伴って10世紀に蔵人所におかれた楽所(がくそ)に実質が移ることになる。
- Under the ancient Ritsuryo codes, gagaku-ryo (a governmental agency for gagaku musicians) was established, however, various families gradually monopolized gagaku as their family art and the actual base of activities of the musicians was shifted to gakuso (chamber of music) which was established in kurododokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) in the 10th Century associated with the dissolution of the Ritsuryo system.
- 度者には、官から得度を証明する文書として度牒が発給され、得度者の氏名や年齢、本貫地などを師僧が保障し、玄蕃寮、治部省などの官人や僧網の署名を得た後、太政官印を受けて支給された。
- The ones that were approved were issued an official certificate to prove the tokudo by government, and after the priestly teacher of the approved person guaranteed his name, age, and place where his family was officially registered, signed by officials and priests of Genbaryo and Jibusho (both ministries to manage diplomacy and registration of monks), it was provided with a seal by Daijokan (Grand Council of State).
- 9月7日、7歳の朝原内親王は大和国国境で桓武天皇と百官の臣下達に見送られ、斎宮寮頭賀茂朝臣人麻呂や斎宮内侍・従五位下藤原朝臣栄子・その他乳母・女官達に付き添われ伊勢へ下向した。
- On October 18, after Emperor Kanmu and all the government official's aides came to see Imperial Princess Asahara off at the boarder of Yamato Province, she left for Ise accompanied by the Chief of the Saigu Office, Kamo no Asomi Hitomaro and a lady-in-waiting for Saigu, Jugoinoge (Junior Firth Rank, Lower Grade), FUJIWARA no Asomi Eishi, and other wet nurse and court ladies.
- 7世紀には、壬申の乱の際に自ら栻(ちょく)を取って占うほど天文遁甲の達人で陰陽五行思想に造詣の深かった天武天皇が、676年(天武天皇4年)に「陰陽寮」や日本初の占星台を設けた。
- In the 7th century, Emperor Tenmu, a master of tenmontonko who personally performed divinations with a choku during the Jinshin War and who had great knowledge of the principles of inyo gogyo, set up 'Onmyoryo' and Japan's first senseidai (astrology station) in 676.
- 1990年度からは留学生の受け入れ、1991年度からは大学院生・聴講生・研究生・医療技術短期大学生(現在の医学部保健学科)を含めた全ての京大生を入寮募集の対象とするようになった。
- It started to accept foreign students from the academic year 1990, and from the academic year 1991, it started to allow all students of Kyoto University, including graduate students, postgraduates, auditing students, junior college students of medical technology (health sciences course in the Medical department), to apply for entering the dormitory.
- 馬寮の所轄は「御牧(勅旨牧)」で、「官牧」と呼ばれる「諸国牧」は兵部省の管轄であったが、そこから献上された馬の管理は馬寮であり、馬寮は直属の牧の他、畿内の官牧に管理を委託していた。
- The jurisdiction of meryo was 'Mimaki' (chokushiboku - mandate or imperial pastures) and those 'Shokumaki ' (maki of various provinces) called 'Kanboku' (state-owned sock farm) were under the control of Hyobusho (ministry of the military), but the management of horses from there was done by meryo, and meryo was entrusted with a care of maki related to it, and Kanboku of Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- 大同 (日本)3年1月20日(808年)に行われた官司の統廃合により、中務省所属の縫殿寮に統合される(『日本後紀』の当該部分は一部失われているが、『官職秘抄』などに記されている)。
- With the elimination and consolidation of government officials on February 23, 808, it was incorporated into Nuidonoryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies) belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) (the said part of 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) was partly lost, but it was written in 'Kanshoku hisho' (a text describing rules of ceremony and etiquette to be observed in the imperial court and by samurai that was written during the early Heian period in around 1200) and so on.
- 1876年(明治9年)、当時、札幌農学校の教頭として来日していたウィリアム・スミス・クラークが、「生徒は米飯を食すべからず、但しらいすかれいはこの限りにあらず」という寮規則を定める。
- In 1876, William Smith CLARK, who had been visiting Japan as an assistant principal of Sapporo Agricultural School, stipulated a dormitory regulation that 'students must not eat rice; however, rice curry is an exception to this rule.'
- 報告では、大学寮・学習院に替わって学舎制を導入して本教学(国学・神道)・経世学(政治・経済)・辞章学(文学・書画)・方伎学(医学・芸術)・外蕃学(洋学・科学)の5科編成の構成とした。
- According to the report, Gakusha-sei system was to be adopted to replace Daigaku-ryo or Gakushuin, consisting of five subjects: Honkyo-gaku (study of Japanese classical literature, Shinto), Keisei-gaku (politics, economics), Jisho-gaku (literature, calligraphic works and paintings), Hogi-gaku (medicine, art), and Gaiban-gaku (Western studies, science).
- それまで陰陽寮(陰陽道)の天文道・暦道・陰陽道の三部門はそれぞれ専門家による分業であったが、暦家である賀茂忠行はその職掌を越え、この三つをもすべてを掌握し、陰陽家・賀茂氏を確立した。
- Until then, the three department of Onmyoryo (Bureau of Onmyodo: a government office that had jurisdiction over calendar preparation, astronomy, divination, etc.) (Onmyodo), Tenmondo (astrology), Rekido (learning of the calendar) and Onmyodo, were divisively undertaken by each specialists; however, KAMO no Tadayuki, who was a Rekika (scholar of Rekido), controlled all the three department beyond these scopes of duties and established the Kamo clan, the family that produced yin yang philosophers.
- これは、高校年代の生徒が勉学は立命館宇治高校で、サッカーの練習はサンガタウン城陽の育成組織専用の人工芝グラウンド(照明完備)で行い、京都サンガF.C.が建設した寮で生活するというもの。
- According to the plan, students of the senior high school generation study at Ritsumeikan Uji High School, practice football on the artificial grass ground (lighting fully-equipped) dedicated to the nurturing organization in Sanga Town Joyo, and live in a dormitory built by Kyoto Sanga F.C.
- また、平城宮跡の発掘では安房国より長さ4尺5寸(約1.5m)のアワビが献上されたことを示す木簡が出土している(安房国がアワビの産地であったことは、『延喜式』主計寮式にも記されている)。
- In an excavation of the Heijo Palace Site in Nara, wooden strips were discovered which showed that an abalone about 1.5 m in length was sent as a gift from Awa Province (part of present-day Chiba Prefecture; records on tributes in the 'Engishiki' [ancient compendium of laws published in the tenth century] show that Awa Province was well known as an abalone producing region at the time).
- さらに秀吉の陰陽師大量弾圧を見るに至って陰陽寮は陰陽頭以下が実質的に欠職となり陰陽師も政権中央において不稼動状態となると、平安朝以来の宮廷陰陽道は一旦完全にその実態を失うこととなった。
- After a massive crack down on onmyoji by Hideyoshi, the post of Onmyo no kami and its subordinate positions in Onmyoryo became vacant and when onmyoji had no work at the center of the government, the court Onmyodo lost its significance for a period of time.
- 王政復古の後は、内国事務局権判事となり、平田銕胤らと結んで大学寮(漢学所)を国学を中心とする大学官に併合することを求めるなど、きわめて保守的な立場に立ち、徐々に岩倉らとの距離を深めた。
- After the Restoration of Imperial Rule was achieved, he became an internal office judge and took an extremely conservative stance, for example, together with Kanetane HIRATA, he required Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) (Kangakusho [the Chinese Learning Place]) be annexed to the Daigakukan which centers on the study of Japanese classical literature, and thus gradually deepened a gap between Iwakura and others.
- 若狭にとどまって泰山府祭などの諸祭祀を行ったため、困惑した朝廷はやむなく賀茂氏傍流の勘解由小路在富を召しだして諸々の勘申を行わせるなど、陰陽寮の運用は極めて不自然なものとなっていった。
- While staying in Wakasa, ABE no Arinobu performed various religious services such as Taizan fukunsai (a religious service to pray for a long life) which forced the perplexed Imperial Court to summon Aritomi KADENOKOJI who was a member of a branch family of the Kamo clan, to have him perform various kanjin (勘申) and the performance of Onmyoryo started to become extremely artificial.
- 1888年7月には、真宗大谷派の要請で、当時、同派が経営を委嘱されていた京都府尋常中学校の校長を務め、高倉大学寮にも出講する一方、清沢やす子と結婚し、愛知県碧南市の西方寺の住職となる。
- In July 1888, he was asked by the Otani school of Jodo Shinshu to became principal of Kyoto Prefecture Junior High School, which was run by the sect and, at the same time, he also lectured at Takakura Daigaku-ryo; later, he married Yasuko KIYOZAWA and became the chief priest of Saiho-ji Temple in Hekinan City, Aichi Prefecture.
- 江戸時代に至っては、京都や諸国の優秀な民間医が官位を与えられて典薬寮医師(御典医)に登用されるケースが多くなり、典薬大允以下の役職は、典医の中から技術の優劣や年功の長幼によって選ばれた。
- Leading up into the Edo period, there were many cases where the most outstanding private civilian doctors in Kyoto and the other provinces were given office and rank and appointed as Tenyakuryo physicians (goteni); candidates--both young and old--for official posts of Tenyaku Taijo (Senior Secretary of the Bureau of Medicine) rank or lower were chosen from among the teni (doctors) either due to their superior skills or due to a long record of distinguished service.
- ものの陰陽寮の最高責任者である陰陽頭には就任することなく、寛弘2年(1005年)に85歳で没していることから、陰陽寮及び天文道において強い基盤を持っていた家柄ではなかったとみられている。
- However, he died in 1005 at the age of 85 without becoming onmyo no kami (director of the Onmyoryo); this fact is considered proof that the Abe clan was not a family which traditionally had a strong basis in Onmyoryo and tenmondo.
- 式部省の所管で、明経道(経書)、算道(算術)および副教科の音道(中国語の発音)、書道_(大学寮)(書き方)の四学科があり後に紀伝道(通称「文章道」、中国史・文章)と明法道(法律)が加わった。
- It was under the control of Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial), and there were two main subjects such as Myogyo-do (Keisho), Sando (arithmetic) plus two auxiliary subjects such as Ondo (pronunciation of Chinese) and calligraphy (Daigakuryo) (the way of writing); later, Kidendo (in vernacular terms, 'Monjodo (Literature)' and Myobodo (law) were added.
- 諸陵は天皇陵をはじめとする陵墓を管轄する業務で、古代の官制では、継嗣、婚姻、祥瑞、喪葬、外交などを司る治部省の諸陵司が担ったものだったが、明治になり神祇官の下の諸陵寮が管轄することとなった。
- Shoryo, managing the tombs of the emperors and imperial family members was handled by the government in ancient times by Jibusho who managed imperial heirs, imperial marriages, auspicious signs, mouring and burial rites, and diplomacy, but during the Meiji period, the tombs were managed by Shoryoryo (literally, a hall for managing imperial tombs) placed under jingikan.
- 1891年12月22日に貴族院議員に勅撰された南郷茂光・武井守正・馬屋原彰・小原重哉らが、翌日に当時麹町公園内にあった星ヶ岡茶寮において結束して行動するための団体結成を協議したことに始まる。
- On December 22, 1891 Shigemitsu NANGO, Morimasa TAKEI, Gensho UMAYA, Shigeya OHARA and others were chosen by the Emperor to be inducted into the House of Peers, and the following day began to hold discussions at the Hoshigaoka Tea House (located in what was then Kojimachi Park) about forming a union and acting in concert.
- その風潮は大学にも及んで博士の地位を世襲させるために特定の家系の家学として知識の独占を図るようになり、授業も大学寮ではなく自らの私邸を用いて限られた子弟や門人に対してのみ行われるようになった。
- This trend also reached Daigaku-ryo, where professors, with the aim of bequeathing the post of hakase to their descendants, tried to monopolize knowledge by denying access to education to people other than their household, and they gave lectures only to their children and a handful of disciples not at Daigaku-ryo but at their private residences.
- その後、馬寮監も馬寮御監(めりょうごげん/みかん)として復活するが、その職掌は左右馬頭からあげられた儀式の際の馬について報告を天皇に奏上するだけに留まり、実際には名義のみを継承したものである。
- Thereafter, Meryogen was also revived as Meryo gogen (or mikan) (Inspector of the Bureau of Horses), but, its official duties were limited only to reporting to the Emperor about horses at the time of rite which were supplied from Sama no kami and Uma no kami, and the fact was that only the name was succeeded.
- しかし、吉田よし子(『カレーなる物語』)の調べによると、その記録は北海道大学に現存せず、カレーに関するもっとも古い資料は、1877年9月のカレー粉の納入記録と1881年の寮食メニューであった。
- However, according to a survey by Yoshiko YOSHIDA ('Karenaru Monogatari' - story about curry), such a record is non-existent in Hokkaido University, with the curry-related oldest records being the delivery record of curry powder of September 1877 and the dormitory meal menu of 1881.
- なお明治維新の際、陰陽寮・土御門晴雄が太陽暦導入に反対して、太陰太陽暦に基づく改暦を企図したが、明治2年に晴雄の急逝により計画が中止されたために、天保暦が日本における最後の太陰太陽暦となった。
- Haruo TSUCHIMIKADO of the Bureau of Divination was against introducing the solar calendar and suggested a plan to change the calendar of the lunar solar calendar during the period of the Meiji Restoration, however after he died suddenly, this plan was cancelled and the Tenpo-reki became the last lunar solar calendar in Japan.
- 持統3年(689年)には飛鳥浄御原令(あすかきよみはらりょう)に基づいて宮内省(くないしょう)の造酒司(さけのつかさ / みきのつかさ 「造酒寮」とも)に酒部(さかべ)という部署が設けられた。
- In 689, a department named sakabe (the office in charge of sake brewing) was placed in Sake no tsukasa (also referred as Miki no tsukasa [the office in charge of the imperial use of sake, sweet sake, or vinegar etc.] written as 造酒司 or 造酒寮) in Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), based on Asukakiyomihararyo (the legal code of Japanese ancient state).
- 陰陽寮に配置されていた方技のうち、占筮・地相の専門職であった陰陽師を「狭義の陰陽師」、天文博士・陰陽博士・陰陽師・暦博士・漏刻博士を含めた全ての方技を「広義の陰陽師」と定義付けることができる。
- Of the hogi belonging to Onmyoryo, onmyoji specialized in senzei/chiso, may be defined 'narrowly as onmyoji,' whereas, all of the other hogi, including tenmon hakase, onmyo hakase, onmyoji, reki hakase and rokoku hakase may be defined 'broadly as onmyoji.'
- また文章院が大学寮における紀伝道の直曹として公認された事から、橘広相・島田忠臣ら有能な人物が、大学寮の外においても菅原氏の門人に列して私邸に参してまで教えを受けた(「菅家廊下」)とされている。
- In addition, Monjoin was officially recognized as jikiso (Daigaku-ryo's dormitory where lectures were delivered as well), which is said to have made the Sugawara clan so much more outstanding that able scholars such as TACHIBANA no Hiromi and SHIMADA no Tadaomi joined the Sugawara clan's pupils to receive lectures at Sugawara's private residence (a private school familiarly called 'Kanke-roka' [菅家廊下: the hallway of Sugawara's house]).
- 駒牽(こまひき)とは、宮中行事の1つで毎年8月に東国に置かれた勅旨牧から貢進されたウマを内裏南殿において天皇の御前にて披露した後に出席した公卿らに一部を下賜し、残りを馬寮・近衛府に分配する行事。
- The 'komahiki' event was one ritual that occurred within the imperial court in August each year when horses that were agisted in the Eastern provinces according to imperial edict were brought to the south hall of the imperial palace and paraded in front of the Emperor and afterwards nobility selected some whilst the remainder were stabled or allocated to the imperial guard.
- 大学別曹はあくまで寄宿舎であり、自習場所や書庫などが設置されていたものの、大学寮の学生であること(あるいはその入学準備者)が寄宿の要件であり、試験や講義は全て大学に通って受けることとなっていた。
- Only the students of the Daigaku-ryo (or students preparing for entrance to it) were allowed to live in a Daigaku-besso which was a dormitory equipped with a library and a room to study, and the students had to attend the Daigaku-ryo to take classes and examinations.
- ところが、世襲化が進んだ当時の公家社会の仕組みでは、高階氏の戸籍に入ってしまった通憲には、その時点で実範・季綱を世襲する資格を剥奪されており、大学寮の官職には就けなくなってしまっていたのである。
- However, in an age when nepotistic succession was common among the nobility, Michinori, who joined the Takashina family, was stripped of his right to succeed Sanenori and Suetsuna, and could not be appointed an official of Daigaku-ryo.
- 翌元和5年には秀忠自身が上洛して参内し、与津子の兄弟である四辻季継・高倉嗣良を含む近臣らを配流し、与津子と所生の皇女文智女王らを宮中より追放することなどで合意した(およつ一件、お与津御寮人事件)。
- In the following year, in 1619, Hidetada came to the Palace, and the issue was resolved by sentencing some close aides including Yotsuko's brothers, Suetsugu YOTSUTSUJI and Tsuguyoshi TAKAKURA to banishment, and expelling Yotsuko and Princess Bunchi from the Imperial Palace. (The Oyotsu incident, The Oyotsu oryonin incident)
- 『日本書紀』の天智天皇10年(671年)紀に「学識頭」という役職が見られ、また『懐風藻』の序文に天智天皇が学校を創設したという記述が見られるため、この時代に大学寮の由来を求める考え方が有力である。
- Because a post named 'Fumi no Tsukasa no Kami' (head of Minister of Education) is mentioned in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) entry for the year 671, and the preface of 'Kaifuso' (Found Recollections of Poetry) includes the statement that the Emperor Tenchi founded a school, it is generally understood that the origin of Daigaku-ryo dates back to this era.
- 室町時代には九条家の家司となるが、明応5年(1496年)に九条家の経営に関するトラブルから唐橋在数(位階・大学寮中務省)(1448年 - 1496年)が九条政基・九条尚経に殺害される事態となった。
- During the Muromachi period, the family served the Kujo family as household managers, but in 1496, trouble occurred in connection with the Kujo family's business, and this led to the killing of Arikazu KARAHASHI (Court Rank, the Bureau of Education, Department of the Imperial Palace, 1448 - 1496) by Masamoto KUJO and his son, Hisatsune KUJO.
- いずれにしても、陰陽寮における技官の行政官への転任や兼任は非常に多く、長官である陰陽頭も技官出身者や技官による兼務が数多く見られ、奈良時代から平安時代初期を通じて技術系の官庁としての色彩を強めた。
- In any event, transfers or double assignments as an administration officer among gikan in Onmyoryo were quite common and many former or active gikan held the additional post of Onmyo no kami, or chief of that bureau as well, developing a characteristically strong technical government office from Nara to early Heian Period.
- また、本来律令で禁止されているはずの陰陽寮以外での陰陽師活動を行う者が都以外の地方にも多く見られるようになったのもこの頃であり、地方では蘆屋道満などをはじめとするカリスマ民間陰陽師が多数輩出した。
- Additionally, it was about this time when persons performing onmyoji acts outside Onmyoryo, that were originally supposed to be prohibited by the ritsuryo, became common in localities other than the capital and numerous charismatic onmyoji, including Doman ASHIYA, appeared in the private sector.
- 大学寮の実体が無い時代であったとは言え、文筆を業とした広橋家の出身でなおかつ後円融天皇の生母崇賢門院の義理の甥にあたることから、3歳で学問料を与えられ、5歳で文章得業生となるなど破格の扱いを受ける。
- Although the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education) no longer physically existed, the fact that he was from the Hirohashi family, whose profession was writing, and that he was the nephew of Emperor Goenyu's mother, Sukenmonin, meant he received special treatment such as being granted Gakumonryo (a scholarship to study at Daigaku-ryo dating from the Heian period) at the age of three and being selected as Monjo Tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Letters) at the age of five,
- 勿論、文章院は公的機関である大学寮直曹であったから、大学別曹を持たない氏族出身者の寄宿舎としても当然用いられたが、管理者である菅原氏・大江氏の博士と強い関係で結ばれて一種の学閥を形成することとなった。
- It was needless to say that the Monjoin was the University Jikiso, an official institution, so that it also served as a dormitory for students from the clans which did not have a Daigaku besso of their own -- Thereby, a close relationship was developed between the students and their supervisor, hakase of the Sugawara clan or the Oe clan and the students formed a kind of academic clique.
- 実際の撰史事業はその都度機構(撰国史所)を設けて事務を行っていた(また、撰史に必要な公文書・記録類が集められたのが内記や外記であったということも図書寮が撰史事業に関わらなかった理由として挙げられる)。
- In the actual work of compiling history books, the office work was done by establishing the institution (Senkokushisho [History Compilation Bureau]) (and official documents and records which were necessary for compiling history books were collected in Naiki [secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs] or Geki [Secretary of the Grand Council of State], which was the reason why Zushoryo did not involve with the work of compiling history books).
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮に「百舌鳥耳原中陵。在和泉国大鳥郡。兆域東西八町。南北八町。陵戸五烟。」とあり、同陵は大阪府堺市堺区大仙町の大仙陵古墳(前方後円墳・全長486m、大仙古墳・大山古墳とも)に比定される。
- In the paragraph on Shoryoryo (the Bureau for managing imperial mausoleums) of 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), it is written that 'Mozu no mimihara no naka mausoleum is located in Otori County, Izumi Province. The area spans about 900 m from east to west, and 900 m from north to south. There are five guard houses,' and the mausoleum is identified with the Daisenryo Tumulus (a large keyhole-shaped tumulus, total length 486m, also called as Daisen Tumulus or Oyama Tumulus), located in Daisen Town, Sakai Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture.
- 『延喜式』によれば、勅旨牧は信濃国(16ヶ所)・甲斐国(穂坂牧、真衣野牧、柏前牧の3ヶ所)・上野国(9ヶ所)・武蔵国(4ヶ所)の計4ヶ国に設置され、前2ヶ国は左馬寮、後2ヶ国は右馬寮の管轄下であった。
- According to 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), chokushimaki was established in four provinces: Shinano Province (16 locations), Kai Province (3 locations of Hosaka Maki, Maino Maki, and Kasshiwamae Maki), Kozuke Province (9 locations), and Musashi Province (4 locations), and the first two provinces were under the jurisdiction of Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses), and the last two provinces under the jurisdiction of Umaryo (Right Division of Bureau of Horses).
- 一般に実務官僚たる地下は堂上よりも出入りが頻繁で、特に医療に関する専門知識や特殊技能が求められた典薬寮では、在野の医師が新たに官位を与えられて新家として地下家になる例が他の官職より多かったようである。
- Generally, with more frequent comings and goings than the Dojo, it seems that it was often ex-doctors from the Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine where medical expertise and special skills were required) who joined jige families as Shinke.
- わずか30名の修習生にしぼって閉鎖的に方技(技官)の育成を続けた結果、9世紀の平安時代初期には、次第に陰陽寮の技官人材が乏しくなったと見られたことや、公家の勢力争いの激化にともなう役職不足も見られた。
- As a result of Onmyoryo's policy to continue exclusive development of only 30 selected trainees to become hogi (gikan), the number of gikan in Onmyoryo and the number of posts in that office gradually decreased, while a power struggle among court nobles intensified during the early Heian Period of 9th century.
- それに加えて、遣唐使の廃止によって国風文化が台頭するようになると、貴族社会を中心に仏教崇敬の風潮が強まって大学寮の教官や学生の間でも授業を離れれば、密教や新興の浄土教などに深い関心を寄せるようになった。
- In addition to this, when Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) became popular with the abolition of Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty), a trend to worship Buddhism began to spread mainly in the aristocratic society, strongly interesting the teachers and the students of Daigakuryo to Esoteric Buddhism and the Jodo (Pure Land) sect, a sect which was emerging at the time, once they were away from their classes.
- 1889年(明治22年)に定められた旧皇室典範には「皇統譜…ハ図書寮ニ於テ尚藏ス」(34条)と規定されるのみで、その詳細は明治初年以来宮中で行われていた皇室系図の取調べにおける内規により運用されていた。
- In the Former Imperial Household Law established in 1889, there was only a regulation that 'Kotofu... is to be stored in Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books)' (Article 34), and details were carried according to bylaw of the investigation of Imperial Family's genealogy which had been done in the Imperial court since the first year of Meiji period.
- 讖緯思想・道教・仏教特に密教的な要素を併せ持った呪禁道を管掌し医術としての祈祷などを行う機関として設けられていた典薬寮の呪禁博士や呪禁師らが、陰陽家であった藤原鎌足の代に廃止され陰陽寮に機構統合された。
- Jugon hakase and Jugonshi in Tenyaku no ryo was established as an agency in charge of Shini (prediction), Taoism, and Buddhism, particularly Jugondo with its element of esoteric Buddhist prayers as a healing art were eliminated or consolidated into Onmyoryo during FUJIWARA no Kamatari's generation, who was Inyoka.
- 1867年(明治元年)に大教宣布が発布され、1876年(明治9年)に神道事務局に生徒寮を設置して神職の養成に力を注いだ明治新政府であったが、政教分離・信教の自由論が世の中に広まり、教導職制が廃止された。
- Following Taikyo-senpu (propagation of the Great Teaching of Shinto) in 1867, the newly established Meiji Government was enthusiastic about the training of Shinto priests, establishing a dormitory for the trainees under the Shinto Jimukyoku (the Secretariat of Shinto), but the Kyodoshoku-sei (a system of national enlightenment on Shinto through government-assigned preceptors) had to be discontinued as the voices calling for the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion prevailed.
- ところが弘化3年(1846年)、第14代藩主で兄の直亮の世子であった井伊直元(直中十一男、これも兄にあたる)が死去したため、兄の養子という形で彦根藩の後継者に決定し、従四位侍従兼玄蕃寮に叙位・任官する。
- In 1846, with the death of Naomoto II (the 11th son of Naonaka and Naosuke's elder brother), who was the heir of the 14th lord Naoaki (the third son of Naonaka and Naosuke's elder brother), therefore, Naosuke (the 14th son of Naonaka) was adopted as the heir to the Hikone Domain and appointed to Jushiino Jiju (Junior Fourth Rank Chamberlain) and Genba-ryo (the Office of Diplomacy and Buddhism).
- ただし、上級貴族の反発に加えて、入学年齢を17歳から引き下げたこと、更に学令で定められた9年間よりも短い4年間の就学を経た上での事実上の中退を認めたことから大学寮側からの反発もあり、812年に撤回された。
- The imperial decree, however, was withdrawn in 812 due to backlashes from Daigaku-ryo against a change in school entrance age from 17 years old to 10 years old and against the approval of de facto dropouts after four-year schooling, shorter than the dropout after the nine-year schooling specified by the provision of Gakuryo, as well as objections from high-ranking nobles.
- なお、寮司が他省及びその被管の官司に移を送付する場合には、直接相手先に送付できず、予め所管の省に移を送付する旨の解 (公文書)を送付して許可を得た後に所管の省から相手先の所管の省に送付する規定となっていた。
- It was stipulated, however, that 寮司 could not send 'I' (移) directly to other sho or officials of other sho; instead, 寮司 had to send ge (an official document) in advance to the sho which the receiver belonged to, asking for permission to send 'I' (移), and then the sho which 寮司 belonged to sent 'I' (移) to the sho which the receiver belonged to.
- このため、穀倉院領となった旧勧学田を大学寮に返還することは、財政政策上採るところではなかった朝廷はその代償として、穀倉院から一部学生への学問料支給を行うことで大学寮側からの不満の緩和に努めたと考えられている。
- Under such circumstances, the Imperial court couldn't return the former kangakuden, which was then the territory of Kokuso-in, to Daigaku-ryo and intended to ease the dissatisfaction of Daigaku-ryo by getting Kokuso-in to grant Gakumonryo to selected students in return.
- 基本的には大学寮の明経道・紀伝道で採用されている書物が教科書として用いられたが、『群書治要』や『老子道徳経』・『荘子 (書物)』・『白氏文集』・『貞観政要』・『世説新語』などそれ以外の講義も広く行われていた。
- The textbooks used were same as those used at Myogyodo and Kidendo of the Daigaku-ryo, but additional lectures were also given on 'Gunsyochiyo,' 'Roshi Dotokukyo,' 'Soshi,' 'Hakushimonju,' 'Joganseiyo,' 'Sesetsushingo,' etc.
- これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監(もくげん)が設置され(ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置)、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
- It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
- 律令制の完全崩壊と豊臣秀吉の弾圧にともない、陰陽寮ないし官人としての陰陽師はその存在感を喪失したものの、逆にそれまで建前上国家機密とされていた陰陽道は一気に広く民間に流出し、全国で数多くの民間陰陽師が活躍した。
- Onmyoryo and onmyoji lost their presence as bureaucrats due to the complete breakdown of the ritsuryo system and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's oppression but, on the other hand, Onmyodo, that was supposed to have been a state secret, burst into the private sector and a large number of civilian onmyoji flourished across the country.
- 石原裕次郎は後半で上杉謙信として登場、他にも佐久間良子の諏訪御寮人、大空真弓の油川夫人、田村正和の武田信繁など、魅力的な配役をそろえ、子役時代の中村勘九郎(現・中村勘三郎 (18代目))が武田勝頼役で登場している。
- Yujiro ISHIHARA appeared in the latter story as Kenshin UESUGI, together with other attractive casting such as Yoshiko SAKUMA as Suwagoryonin, Mayumi OZORA as Mrs. ABURAKAWA, Masakazu TAMURA as Nobushige TAKEDA, and the child actor Kankuro NAKAMURA (now Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the 18th) as Katsuyori TAKEDA.
- 本来こうした造営は木工寮などが担当することとなっていたが、鎮護国家の高まりによって造寺が盛んになり、更に遷都なども重なって木工寮への業務の集中を避けると同時に、権力や利権の集中を防ぐことも目的であったとされている。
- Originally, it was mainly the Bureau of Carpentry that was in charge of the construction of temples; however, in light of the temple construction boom that arose out a growing awareness of national protection and the transfer of the capital, the position of Zojishi was established in order to avoid such work being conducted exclusively by the Bureau of Carpentry, as well as to prevent the power and interests being concentrated in their hands.
- 1945年(昭和20年)の終戦の際には、宮内省は、1官房2職8寮2局のほか、内大臣府、掌典職、御歌所、帝室博物館、帝室林野局、学習院など13の外局と京都事務所を持ち、職員6,200人余を擁する大きな組織となっていた。
- In 1945, at the end of the war, the Imperial Household Ministry had became a big organization with 13 extra-ministerial bureaus such as Naidaijin-fu (Minister of Interior's Office), ceremonial staff, Outadokoro (Imperial Poetry Bureau), Imperial Household Museum, Imperial Forestry Bureau, and The Gakushuin School Corporation, and Imperial Household Agency Kyoto Office as well as one Secretariat, two offices, eight bureaus, and two departments, and had more than 6.200 employees.
- 元禄年間(1688~1703)に、融通念仏再興の祖とされる大念仏寺第46世の融観が融通念仏の復興に努め、「融通円門章」等により教義を明文化し、一宗としての制規を定め、学寮も設けるなかで融通念仏宗として整備されていった。
- From 1688 to 1703, the Yukan of the 46th head priest of Dainenbutsu-ji Temple, who was regarded as a founder of the reemergence of Yuzu Nenbutsu, tried to revive Yuzu Nenbutsu by putting dharma in the statutory form by 'Yuzu enmonsho' (Outlines of the Yuzu-Nembutsu Theology), determining rules as a sect and providing dormitory, which led to the establishment of the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect.
- 諸国牧は、兵部省が所轄する牧で、延喜式によると18ヵ国に馬牧が24ヵ所、牛牧が12ヵ所、馬牛牧が3ヵ所の計39の牧が設置され、毎年、各牧から馬は5歳に達したものが左右馬寮に送られ、西海道諸国の牧からは大宰府に送られた。
- Shokokumaki is a farm controlled by Hyobusho (ministry of military), and according to 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) 24 horse farms, 12 cow farms and 3 horse-cow farms, totaling in 39 farms, were established in 18 provinces, each of which sent horses that have reached the age of five to Sayu Meryo (the right and left divisions of Meryo, the bureau of horses) every year, while farms in various districts along the Saikaido Road sent horses to Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region).
- 平安時代後期以後は、実質上の最高職である左右馬頭に河内源氏の著名な武者が相次いで任じられた事から馬寮の職は武士の憧れの官職の一つとされた(平安時代末期格式など規定されていた実際の大允・少允の定員は計二十名であったと言う)。
- After the late Heian period, by reason that prominent samurai of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) was successively assigned to Sama no kami and Uma no kami which were substantially the highest post, the post of Meryo was regarded as one of the government posts longed for by samurai (it is said that the full number of Daijo (Senior Secretary) and Shojo (Junior Secretary) was 20 in total as regulated in the Kakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)) at the end of Heian period).
- だが、実際の貴族社会の立身に大いに影響を与えたのは、蔭位・大舎人・内舎人などの血統に基づく仕組によるところが大きく、有力貴族の子弟は大学寮への就学が義務付けられていた平安時代のごく初期を除いて家庭における教育が主体であった。
- One's success in the aristocratic society largely depended on systems such as the Oni, the Otoneri, and the Udoneri, which took your bloodline into account, and the children of powerful aristocrats were educated mainly at home, except during a short period in the early Heian period when such children were obliged to study in the Daigaku-ryo.
- また、弘仁3年(812年)に紀伝博士在任のまま大学助に任命された勇山文継は、その半年前に初めて連の姓を受けていることから、白丁(庶民あるいはそれに近い身分)のまま大学寮に入ってその教官の地位に就いていたものと考えられている。
- Meanwhile, ISAYAMA no Fumitsugu was appointed as daigaku no suke (Assistant Director of the Bureau of Education) in 812 during his service as kiden hakase, but he was granted for the first time the kabane (hereditary title) of muraji (one of the ancient Japanese hereditary titles denoting rank and political standing) six months before that, and from this we can assume that he had entered the daigakuryo as hakucho (ordinary people or something similar) and had the position of a professor there.
- 元来、日本の大学寮は唐の国子監をモデルとした制度であったが、国子監の運営の中心にあたっていた儒学者は『孝経』などを引用して僧侶は親から貰った頭髪を剃り、親を捨てて寺院に籠るのは「孝」に反するとして、強い排仏意識を有していた。
- Originally, Daigakuryo in Japan was a system that was modeled after the Kokushikan (an educational system in China) of the Tang Dynasty, but the Confucian scholars, who were the main managers of Kokushikan, were strongly anti-Buddhist because shaving the hair which were given from the parents and secluding oneself in a temple, and leaving ones parents was against the principle of 'ko' (serving well to one's parents), quoted in 'Kokyo' (The book of filial piety).
- 更に藤原氏などの有力諸氏が自己の氏族に属する学生のために大学別曹を設置して生活を支援したことから、大学寮に替わって大学別曹の支援を受けた有力紙族の子弟と生活支援を失った他氏の学生の間に一種の「格差」が生じるようになっていった。
- Further, as influential clans like the Fujiwara clan started to support the students of the clan by establishing their own Daigaku-besso (academic facility for nobles), a kind of 'gap' was created between the students of influential clans who were supported by Daigaku-besso and students of other clans who lost the support of living.
- なお、同詔では漢詩などの文学材料としても用いられていた孔安国の注釈に関しては、天皇及び皇族の教育以外の場では引き続き使用が認められており、この導入が大学寮全体の支持すら得られていなかった政治的なものであったことを裏付けている。
- However, in the Mikotonori, the commentaries by Ko Ankoku that were used as a literary reference, such as in Chinese poetry, were permitted to be continually used in education other than that of Emperors and the Imperial Family, which supports the fact that this adoption was only to seek political advantage and did not even gain support of the whole Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system).
- 天皇の持病である痔を長年にわたって治療していた典薬寮の外科医・伊良子光順の日記よれば、孝明天皇が発熱した12日、天皇の執匙(日常の健康管理を行う主治医格)であった高階経由が拝診して投薬したが、翌日になっても病状が好転しなかった。
- According to the sergeant, Mitsuoki IRAKO's diary, who had been treating Emperor's chronic illness, hemorrhoids, when Emperor Komei had a fever on the 12th, his physician (equivalent to doctor) in charge of the Emperors daily health check, 高階経由 did check up and gave medicine to the Emperor, but he did not get better on the following day.
- だが、平安時代後期から官司請負制のもとで官職の世襲化が進み、大学寮の教官も特定の氏族の世襲となって、教官たちは世襲の存続のために自己の子弟・一族や限られた門人に対してのみ限定して、大学寮外の自宅などで教授するという家学化が進んだ。
- However, from the latter half of the Heian period government posts were transferred by heredity, as were the instructors of Daigakuryo; in order to keep the heredity system, family education developed, in which the instructors taught only their sons or selected disciples outside Daigakuryo, for example, in their own houses.
- あわせて、公卿の藤原師輔や漢文学者の三善清行など、陰陽寮の外にある人物が天文・陰陽・易学・暦学を習得していたということ自体、律令に定めた陰陽諸道の陰陽寮門外不出の国家機密政策はこの頃にはすでに実質的に破綻していたことを示している。
- Further, the fact that persons such as Kugyo FUJIWARA no Morosuke and the Chinese classic scholar Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI, who did not belong to Onmyoryo, but who had mastered astronomy, Onmyo, the art of divination, and the art of the calendar, shows that the national secret policy prescribed in the ritsuryo whereby the arts of Onmyo were prohibited from being taken out of Onmyoryo, had failed by this time.
- このため、中世・近世においては陰陽師という呼称は、もはや陰陽寮の官僚ではなく、もっぱら民間で私的依頼を受けて加持祈祷や占いなどを行う非官人の民間陰陽師を指すようになり、各地の民衆信仰や民俗儀礼と融合してそれぞれ独自の変遷を遂げた。
- In the Middle and early modern ages, the term onmyoji consequently no longer meant bureaucrats in Onmyoryo, but came to mean non-government civilian worker onmyoji performing kaji kito (removing bad spirits by offering prayers) or divinations personally requested by common people in the private sectors and their onmyodo went through unique transitions being blended in with popular faith and ethnic rituals in various regions.
- 5月15日には平安時代の衣装を身にまとった人々が牛車とともに京都御所から下鴨神社を経て上賀茂神社まで、近衛使と、警備のための「検非違使尉」と「検非違使志」といった検非違使庁の官吏と、山城使と、馬寮使、内蔵使による本列として行進する。
- On May 15, people dressed in Heian period costumes march with a gissha (cow carriage) from Kyoto Imperial Palace via Shimogamo-jinja Shrine to Kamigamo-jinja Shrine and Konoe no tsukai (Imperial Guard delegate), and as guards, officers from Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief) such as 'Kebiishi jo' (second officer of the imperial police bureau), 'Kebiishi shi' (third officer of the imperial police bureau), Yamashiro no tsukai (delegate of the Yamashiro Province), Maryo no tsukai (delegate of Maryo (the section taking care of imperial horses)), and Kura no tsukai (delegate of Kuraryo (the Inner Treasury Office)), and make a main march.
- その後、時代の趨勢に合わせるために律令の細部を改める施行令である「格」・「式」がしばしば発令されるようになり、各省ともに官職の定員が肥大化する傾向を見せると、陰陽寮においても平安時代中期までに、かなりの定員増がはかられるようになった。
- Thereafter, in keeping with the trends of the time, 'kaku' and 'shiki' (enforcement orders to amend details of the ritsuryo) began to be frequently issued, causing the number of staff at government offices to balloon and the number of staff at Onmyoryo to increase substantially up until the mid-Heian period.
- 陰陽寮を統括し、天文・暦・風雲・気色をのすべてを監督して、異常発生時には外部に漏れることなくこれを記録密封し極秘に上奏(天文密奏)、暦博士が作成した新年の暦を毎年11月1日までに調進(御暦奏)、また都度占筮及び地相の結果を上奏する職務。
- The position that manages Onmyoryo to supervise all work related to astronomy, the calendar, wind/clouds and atmospheric conditions, when abnormal conditions occur, to seal the record to make sure information is not leaked outside and private reports to the Emperor (tenmon misso (reporting unusual astronomical phenomena to the emperor)), to submit the new year's calendar developed by reki hakase by November 1 of the year (goryakuso (submission of the next year's calendar)), and reporting the outcome of senzei and chiso to the Emperor each time they are performed.
- ちなみに公望は、西園寺家の家業である筈の琵琶の演奏が苦手であったが、首相在任中に明治天皇から悪戯半分に「久しぶりに西園寺家の琵琶が聞きたい」と言われ、宮内省の雅楽寮の職員と琵琶の共演をさせられて四苦八苦したというエピソードが伝わっている。
- There is an anecdote that Kinmochi was not good at playing the biwa Japanese lute, which should have been the family business of the Saionji Family, and during Kinmochi's time in office as prime minister, the Emperor Meiji said out of mischief to Kinmochi, 'For the first time in a long while, I would like to listen to biwa Japanese lute,' and therefore he was forced to play the biwa Japanese lute in dire distress together with the officials of Utaryo in the Imperial Household Ministry.
- 大学寮の修業生(学を修め大学寮に残って博士を目指す者、現代における大学院修士課程ないし博士課程に相当)の運用にならって、天文得業生(定員2名)、陰陽得業生(定員3名)、暦得業生(定員2名)が、各博士職や陰陽師職の公認候補として設置された。
- After the model of staffing practice with students in Daigakuryo (students who, having completed specialized study, remained in Daigakuryo aspiring to be hakase working towards the level of academic achievement equivalent to a Master's or Doctoral program of today), Tenmon tokugyo no sho (tenmon student) (number of positions: 2), Onmyo tokugyo no sho (onmyo student) (number of positions: 3), and Reki tokugyo no sho (reki student) (number of positions: 2) were set up as official candidates for the positions of the respective hakase and onmyoji.
- 当初は明確な学科の種別はなかったが、一般の官人を育成するために設けられた本科に相当する儒教の講義(後の明経道にあたる)以外には、儒教経典の原典をそのまま筆記するための書道 (大学寮)とそのまま発音するための音道は本科の補完するためのものであった。
- Initially there were no clearly defined departments, but the course established to educate general government officials consisted mainly of Confucian lectures (later Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics)), complemented by Shodo (calligraphy), which involved writing down the original Confucian scriptures verbatim (Daigaku-ryo), and Ondo, learning to pronounce them correctly.
- 勧学会(かんがくえ)とは、平安時代中期・後期に大学寮紀伝道の学生(文章生)と比叡山延暦寺の僧侶が、3月15日 (旧暦)あるいは9月15日 (旧暦)に比叡山西麓あるいは平安京内外の寺院に集まって『法華経』をテーマとして講義・念仏・漢詩を行った法会。
- Kangakue was a Buddhist meeting held to conduct teaching, nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and create Chinese-style poems themed after 'Hokekyo' (Lotus Sutra), and was held by the scholars of Kidendo (the study of the histories) in Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education) and the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, on March 15 (in old lunar calendar) or September 15 (in old lunar calendar) at the western foot of Mt. Hiei or at the temples in and around Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto), in the mid through latter period of the Heian period.
- 勧学院は藤氏長者が長となり、しかも大抵の場合は摂関あるいは一上との兼務であったから、大学寮側は表向きは拒絶し続けていたものの、実際には勧学院の給料学生は藤原氏の政治的権力を背景として、大学寮で選抜した穀倉院の給料学生と同格と見なされるようになった。
- As the head of FUJIWARA clan assumed the position of the chief of Kangaku-in concurrently with Sekkan (regents and advisers) or Ichinokami (the ranking Council Member), Kyuryo-gakusei of Kangaku-in were regarded, thanks to the political power of the FUJIWARA clan, equally with Kokuso-in's Kyuryo-gakusei who were selected by Daigakuryo, though Daigakuryo denied it ostensively.
- なお、一部には現存本『儀式』の中に昌泰年間に統合された兵庫寮の名称が見られることなど、昌泰・延喜年間に初出する語句が登場することから、石塚一石は延喜13年8月29日宣旨を『貞観儀式』の草稿を正式な儀式として編纂することを命じたものとする説を出している。
- In the meantime, Kazushi ISHIZUKA asserts that the imperial decree issued on October 6, 913 was the order for compiling the draft of 'Jogan gishiki' into the official one on the grounds that the terms created during the Shotai and Engi era, such as Hyogoryo (Bureau of Military Storehouses) which was integrated in the Shotai era, are found in the existent book of 'Gishiki.'
- 大学寮の学生は原則として寮内にあった寄宿舎である直曹(じきそう)に寄宿していた(なお、学令に学生の直曹寄宿の義務規定はないものの、学生生活に関する規定が存在しており、学生生活を大学寮が管理する方針が存在したと考えられており、後述の貞観式の規定に至る)。
- Students of the Daigaku-ryo lived in a dormitory called 'Jikiso' inside the Daigaku-ryo as a general rule (although living in Jikiso was not imperative, the fact that there was a code of living for the students of the Daigaku-ryo implies it had a policy to control student life, which would be connected to the Jogan-shiki Code that will be mentioned later).
- 安倍 晴明(あべの せいめい/はるあきら/はれあき、延喜21年(921年)? - 寛弘2年9月26日 (旧暦)(1005年10月31日))は、平安時代の最も有名な陰陽師の一人であり、鎌倉時代から明治時代初めまで陰陽寮を統括した阿倍氏(土御門家)の祖である。
- ABE no Seimei (Haruakira, Hareaki, 921? to October 31, 1005) was one of the most famous Ommyoji (Ommyo diviner), and he is the ancestor of the Abe clan (Tsuchimikado family) who was responsible for Ommyo-ryo (Bureau of Yin and Yang) from the Kamakura Period to the early Meiji Period.
- これは紀伝道教育が盛んであった当時の世相の反映であるが、その一方において、こうした行為は私的な師弟関係の形成と言う要素を含む事になり、菅原氏の学閥と反対する諸博士の学閥という対立抗争を生んだ他、大学寮制度の形骸化や家学の形成促進につながったと考えられている。
- It reflected the social conditions at the time when instruction on the Kidendo was widely offered; on the other hand, such an act was obliged to involve a private relationship between master and disciple -- It was considered that the latter fact introduced a conflict between the academic clique from the Sugawara clan and those from the hakase who opposed the Sugawara clan, and that the latter made the Daigaku-ryo system only in name and promoted the formation of hereditary learning.
- これに対して久木幸男は、「内外の経書」という記述に注目して「内外」を仏教書とそれ以外の書と解釈し、表向き仏教を排除している日本の大学寮の学生のための機関である大学別曹に仏教書を置くことの矛盾を指摘しており、弘文館を大学別曹ではなく図書館であったと推測している。
- On the other hand, Yukio KUKI (Japanese educator) paid attention to the description 'Chinese classics from inside and outside,' interpreting 'inside and outside' as Buddhist books and the other books, and pointed out that if the Kobunin held Buddhist books, it was inconsistent with the fact that the daigaku besso was an institute for students of Japanese daigaku-ryo which had ostensibly excluded Buddhism -- Then, he inferred that the Kobunin was not the daigaku besso but a library.
- また、時期によって関の数は異なっており、例えば内蔵寮による率分関については、1333年には長坂口、粟田口、大原口、四宮河原関が設けられていたが、応仁の乱以降は増加して木幡口、坂本口、鞍馬口、西口(嵯峨口)、南口、淀口、摂津芥川、納所関、辰巳口が挙げられている。
- The number of checking stations differed occasionally; check stations for taxes by Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) were establilshed at Awataguchi, Oharaguchi, and Shinomiyakawara in 1333, but after the Onin War they increased to include Kowataguchi, Sakamotoguchi, Kuramaguchi, Nishiguchi (Sagaguchi), Minamiguchi, Yodoguchi Settsu Akutagawa, Nasshozeki, and Tatsumiguchi.
- 日本の律令法によれば、図書寮が国史編纂の任に当たる事になっていたが、実際の図書寮にはそれを行うだけの史料の集積も人材もなかったと考えられている(律令制実務における記録や行政文書の集積は、後日に先例として参考にするために内記や外記などで行われたと見られている)。
- According to the Japanese Ritsuryo code, compilation of official history book was the job of Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books), but it is considered that Zushoryo actually lacked historical materials and human resources necessary to carry out such a job (it is considered that the records and precedents concerning the jobs under the Ritsuryo system were accumulated by Naiki (Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs) and Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) for the purpose of future reference).
- 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
- When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).
- また、大学寮の学生が退学した場合は本貫に通告すること(学令)、徴発された労役者が帰還前に死亡した場合には本貫に通告すること(賦役令)、本主が死亡した帳内・資人は本貫に送還すること(選叙令)、病気になって倒れた防人は本貫に送還すること(軍防令)などの規定が存在した。
- Furthermore, there were stipulations such as when a student withdrew from Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) notification must be made to hongan (Gaku-ryo [law on scholarship]); when a commandeered laborer died before his return, notification must be made to hongan (Fueki-ryo [law on tax]); chonai and shijin (lower rank officers) whose master died must be returned to hongan (Senjo-ryo [law on recruitment and promotion of government officials]); and sakimori (soldiers deployed for boarder defenses) who fell sick must be returned to hongan (Gunbo-ryo [law on military defense]).
- さらにはその実態を陰陽師としながらも陰陽寮職掌を越えて他のさらに上位の官職に付くようになるに至って、官制としての陰陽寮は完全に形骸化し、陰陽師は朝廷内においてもっぱら宗教的な呪術・祭祀の色合いが濃いカリスマな精神的支配者となり、その威勢を振るうようになっていった。
- Further, when these families began to assume even higher government posts, surpassing the role of Onmyoryo while remaining onmyoji in reality, the official Onmyoryo became totally reduced to a shell and onmyoji became the charismatic spiritual rulers identified exclusively by their religious magic and ceremonies and thereby dominating the Imperial Court.
- かつて(日本に初めて鉄道が敷設された明治から第二次大戦直後まで)は国(鉄道寮→鉄道院→鉄道省→運輸省)が全国の主要路線を運営していたが、行政機関から公共企業体(日本国有鉄道)などへの変革を経て、国鉄分割民営化により国鉄そのものが解体され、JR7社に承継されている。
- The nation (Tetsudo-Ryo (the predecessor of Tetsudo-In) -> Tetsudo-In (Railway Bureau) -> Tetsudo-Sho (Ministry of Railways (Japan National Railways)) -> Ministry of Transport) used to manage the major lines across the country once (from the Meiji period when the first railway was constructed in Japan to immediately after the World War II), but Japan National Railways (JNR) itself was privatized into seven JR companies through the innovative change from the administrative organ to the public authority (Japan National Railways).
- ただ、陰陽寮が中務省の小寮であったため、当然ながら行政官である四等官の官位は本省のそれに比べて低めとなっており、後の平安中期で言う、昇殿して天皇に奏上できる仙籍と呼ばれるいわゆる殿上人は従五位下格の陰陽頭のみであり、その他はすべて、後に昇殿を許されない地下人あった。
- However, since Onmyoryo was Shoryo (lower ranking in the tsukasa system) under Nakatsukasasho, the court rank for the administrative officer Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrat ranking) was lower compared to similar positions in other departments and what was called, around the mid Heian Period, Tenjobito known as Senseki who were allowed to come to the palace and address the emperor was only Onmyo no kami with a Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) while all others were Jigenin who were not allowed to enter the palace.
- この動きを得て、土御門氏勢力は、1682年に幸徳井友傳が夭折した機会を捉え、再興家の幸徳井家賀茂氏を事実上排除して陰陽寮の諸職を再度独占するとともに、旧来の朝廷からの庇護に加えて、実権政権である江戸幕府からも唯一全国の陰陽師を統括する特権を認められることに成功した。
- In view of this development, the Tsuchimikado powerhouse seized the opportunity to effectively eliminate the restored Kotokui family Kamo clan when Tomosuke KOTOKUI (幸徳井友傳) died in 1682, once again monopolizing all of the jobs in Onmyoryo and, in addition to the patronage of the good old Imperial Court, they were successfully authorized to exercise the exclusive rights to control all onmyoji across the country, by the Edo bakufu.
- 『日本後紀』にある広世の父・和気清麻呂の薨条(延暦18年2月乙未(21日)条)に、広世が式部少輔と大学別当(大学頭)を兼務し、父・清麻呂の遺志を継いで大学寮の南側にあった私邸を弘文院として内外の経書数千巻を集め、また墾田40町を寄付して学問料を支給したと記されている。
- The entry for the date when Hiroyo's father WAKE no Kiyomaro died (April 4, 799) in 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) contains the description that -- Hiroyo concurrently assumed the offices of Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonies) and Daigaku Betto (Chancellor of the University) (Daigaku no kami; Director of the Bureau of Education), and, as his father Kiyomaro had wished, located his private residence south of the daigaku-ryo the Kobunin where he collected thousands of Chinese classics from inside and outside Japan, and donated 0.4 square kilometers of new rice fields for awarding scholarship funds.
- 陰陽寮で唯一の殿上人相当職制である陰陽頭は、各博士などの技官からの登用ではなく、単に公家の一ポストとして利用されることが多くなり、それも長官職としては従五位下という仙籍格としては末席の地位であったことから、比較的境遇の悪い傍流の公家に対する処遇ポスト化する傾向を見せた。
- In light of the above, Onmyo no kami, the only job classification equivalent to tenjobito in Onmyoryo, began to be used as another post for court nobles instead of for gikan like the various hakase, and since that position was at the bottom of the senseki class being a Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), it tended to be a post given to the disadvantaged minor court nobles whose careers tended to be sidetracked.
- このため、賀茂氏・安倍氏からのみ陰陽師が輩出されることとなり、安倍晴明の孫安倍章親が陰陽頭に就任すると、賀茂家出身者に暦博士を、安倍家出身者に天文博士を常時任命する方針を表し、その後は賀茂氏と阿倍氏が、本来世襲される性格ではない陰陽寮の各職位を両家の世襲でほぼ独占した。
- As a result, the point was reached where onmyoji came exclusively from the Kamo and Abe clans and when ABE no Akichika, the grandson of ABE no Seimei, was assigned as Onmyo no kami, a policy was announced to permanently appoint the Kamo family members to reki hakase and the Abe family members to tenmon hakase and thereafter, the Kamo and Abe clans virtually monopolized all of the posts in Onmyoryo that were originally not designed to be inherited by succession.
- だが、実際には『三代実録』には明経・紀伝がしばし併記して記述され、『日本紀略』の応和4年2月25日 (旧暦)(964年4月10日)の講日本紀(後述)において大学寮から「紀伝明経道」学生の出席が命じられた経緯が記されており、この出来事ついて触れた『類聚符宣抄』も同様の記載をしている。
- Meanwhile, in reality, there are some accounts in 'Sandaijitsuroku' in which both myogyo and kiden appear, and there is also a description in 'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies) that 'kidenmyogyodo' students were ordered from the daigakuryo to attend lectures on the chronicles of Japan on April 10, 964, and a similar account can also be found in 'Ruijufusensho' (a collection of statute books dating from the years 737 to 1093).
- 国民皆兵を理念とはしたが、体格が基準に達しない者や病気の者などは除かれ、また制度の当初、「一家の主人たる者」や「家のあとを継ぐ者」、「嗣子並に承祖の孫」(承継者)、「代人料(270円)を支払った者」、「官省府県の役人、兵学寮生徒、官立学校生徒」、「養家に住む養子」は徴兵免除とされた。
- Though the idea was universal conscription, those who did not meet the physical standard or were ill were exempted, and the other exemptions included 'masters of the family,' 'heirs,' 'grandsons to succeed directly from their grandfather' (collectively successors,) 'those who had paid proxy fee (270 yen),' 'officials of central and local governments, students of military schools and public schools,' and 'adopted children living in their foster parents.'
- 大学寮が設置された当初、一般官人を育てる本科(明経道)と技術官人を育てる算道しか事実上存在していなかったが、神亀年間に律令を教える律学博士(後の明法博士)と歴史を教える文章博士が明経道から分離する形で成立し、やがて天平年間に独立した学科となり、後の明法道・紀伝道へと発展することとなる。
- In the early days of the Daigaku-ryo, the regular course (Myogyodo) for the education of general government officials and Sando, for the education of technical government officials, were virtually the only ones in existence, but somewhere between 724 and 729, Ritsugaku hakase (later Myoho hakase) (professor of law, for the teaching of the Ritsuryo Code) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature. for the teaching of history) were established by separating from Myogyodo, subsequently becoming independent departments between 729 and 748; they would later evolve into Myobodo (study of Code) and Kidendo (study of the histories).
- 更に陰陽道の総帥たる陰陽寮の座を巡る安倍氏(土御門家)と賀茂氏(幸徳井家)の間での長年の確執は、賀茂氏出身の幸徳井友傳が天和 (日本)2年(1682年)に35歳で夭折したことで、土御門泰福(1655-1717)が陰陽寮に任じられて、以降陰陽寮は安倍氏が独占することで決着することとなる。
- Moreover, the long-time conflict between the Abe clan (Tsuchimikado family) and the Kamo clan (the Kotokui family) over the Onmyoryo position, which was the commander of Onmyodo, settled when Tomosuke KOTOKUI from the Kamo clan died at the age of 35 in 1682 and Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADD (1655-1717) was assigned to Onmyoryo; since then, the Abe clan dominated the Onmyoryo position.
- 他にもその後代々、いちいち京から陰陽師を招聘することなく、身辺に「権門陰陽道」と称されるようになった陰陽師集団を確保するようになり、後の承久の変の際には朝廷は陰陽寮の陰陽師たちに、将軍は権門陰陽師たちにそれぞれ祈祷を行わせるなど、特に中後期鎌倉将軍にとって陰陽師は欠かせない存在であった。
- Thereafter, subsequent generations of shogun began to keep a group of onmyoji called 'Kenmon onmyodo' close by instead of inviting onmyoji from Kyoto each time and, when the Jokyu War broke out later on, the Imperial Court had onmyoji in Onmyoryo and the shogun had Kenmon onmyoji say prayers, making onmyoji indispensable particularly to the shogun in the mid and late Kamakura Period.
- やがて平安時代中期以降に、摂関政治や荘園制が蔓延して律令体制がさらに緩むと、堂々と律令の禁を破って、正式な陰陽寮所属の官人ではない「ヤミ陰陽師」が私的に貴族らと結びつき、彼らの吉凶を占ったり災害を祓うための祭祓を密かに執り行い、場合によっては敵対者の呪殺まで請け負うような風習が横行した。
- Before long, as the ritsuryo system became more relaxed after the mid-Heian period, with the Sekkan seiji (politics run by the sessho and kanpaku) and the shoen (manor) system becoming widespread, a custom developed in which 'illegal onmyoji,' who were not bureaucrats that belonged officially to the Onmyoryo, openly violated the ritsuryo by privately getting close to noblemen, starting what became a common practice of them secretly performing divinations to judge good and bad luck or ceremonies to prevent disasters; in some cases, people would even contract them to cast a spell to kill an adversary.
- が、官吏登用規定を定めた選叙令においては「秀才・明経・進士・明法」の4種の試験が定められており、明経以外の3科の試験を定めながら実際には機能していなかった(当時の日本には私立学校に相当するものはなかったため、大学寮以外で官吏登用の受験者を育成できる組織・機関は存在しなかったとされている)。
- However, according to Senjoryo, which provided the regulations for the recruitment and promotion of government officials, there were four kinds of examinations for 'Shusai, Myogyo, Shinshi and Myobo,' although the three other than myogyo were in name only (as there were no organizations equivalent to private schools in Japan at that time, there were no other institutions or organizations than daigakuryo which could educate applicants for the officials recruitment examinations).
- これは日本の律令制が省・職・司・寮それぞれに一定の独立性を持たせたこと、加えて律令制以前に存在していた独立していた官司(監物・判事など)を従来の独立性を維持させたまま、強引に特定の省の管轄に加えたために生じたとされ、特に朝廷内部の事務一般を管轄した中務省には多くの品官が集中することになった。
- It was because in Japanese ritsuryo system, each sho (Ministry), shiki (agency), tsukasa (office) and ryo (bureau) had a certain independence, in addition, it is said that it arose since government officials (such as kenmotsu and a judge) which had existed and been independent before the ritsuryo system were forced to be added into jurisdiction of a specific sho with keeping the traditional independence, and as a result, many honkan gathered especially in the Nakatsukasasho which took charge of general affairs within the Imperial Court.
- 律令制確立後に大学寮の下に音博士が位置づけられたが、本科(後の明経道)の学生が儒教の教育を受けるために行う最初の課程であった経典の音読を指導するのが役割であった事から、算道・書道_(大学寮)のような独自の学生を保持することは学令などにも記載されていないなど、最初から補助的地位に止められていた。
- After the Ritsuryo Legal Codes were established, the Professors of Ondo were positioned within the Daigaku-ryo system, but because their role was to teach the reading aloud of the scriptures during the first course of Confucianism to the students of the main course (later known as Myogyodo, the Confucian department of Daigaku-ryo), their position was only deemed to be supplementary and it was not mentioned within the regulations that they may have their own students like Sando (Mathematics) and Shodo (Calligraphy) Departments.
- この制度が日本に伝わり、平安時代初期、紀伝道(文章院で漢詩文または歴史を学ぶ学科、通称は「文章道」)が盛んになると、文章博士(大学寮で詩文・歴史を教授した教官)が「策文」を出して文章得業生(もんじょうとくごうしょう)に答えさせる試験が行われるようになり、この試験が「対策」といわれるようになった。
- This program was introduced to Japan, and as Kidendo (called 'Monjodo,' a department of the Monjoin that was established to study Chinese-style poems or history) became popular in the early Heian period, exams were introduced and Monjo hakase (professors of literature and history at Daigaku-ryo, the Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system) gave 'sakumon' to Monjo tokugosho and had them take this examination, known as 'taisaku.'
- また、算道は『孫子算経』・『五曹算経』・『九章算術』・『海島算経』・『六章』・『綴術』・『三開重差』・『周髀算経』・『九司』の9書を教科書としていた『延喜式』大学寮式では全て小経に区別されているが、『九章算術』・『六章』・『綴術』が必修とされており、後に『周髀算経』がこれに準じるものとされている。
- In the 'Engishiki' system of the Daigaku-ryo, among the nine small scripture textbooks of Sando (Mathematics), which included 'Sonshi Sankyo,' 'Goso Sankyo,' 'Kyusho Sanjutsu,' 'Kaito Sankei,' 'Rokusho,' 'Teijutsu,' 'Sankai Jusa,' 'Shuhi Sankei,' 'Kyushi,' three were compulsory, 'Kyusho Sanjutsu,' 'Rokusho,' and 'Teijutsu' with 'Shuhi Sankei' added later to the compulsory list of textbooks.
- 元は建築関連の官司(修理職・木工寮・造寺司など)や地方機関(国衙・国分寺など)などに所属し、必要に応じて他所に出作していたが、鎌倉時代に入ると都市を中心として特定の組織に属しない散在工が増加し、番匠間に競争が激化したため、13世紀から14世紀にかけて作事請負権を掌る職の体系として大工職が成立した。
- They originally belonged to the construction-related government officials (Shurishiki (repair offices), Mokuryo (Bureau of Carpentry), Zojishi (provisional government office for construction and repair of the governmental temples) and so on) and the local authorities (Kokuga (provincial government offices), Kokubun-ji (provincial monasteries and so on) and, if needed, made trips for work, and when the Kamakura period started, free Bansho who did not belong to any organization increased in number centering around urban areas, which resulted in keen competition among Bansho, thus Daikushiki was established from the 13th to 14th century as a system to control the contracting rights for work.
- また、両家の行う陰陽諸道は本来の官制職掌を越えて宗教化し、これが朝廷中枢に重用されたため、賀茂氏と安倍氏は、その実態がもっぱら陰陽諸道を執り行う者であるにもかかわらず、律令においては従五位下が最高位であると定める陰陽寮職掌を越えて、他のより上位の官職に任命され従四位下格にまで昇進するようになった。
- Since the various arts of Onmyo performed by the both families became a quasi-religion going beyond their original official capacity, and since their art was favored by the nerve center of the Imperial Court, despite the fact that the Kamo clan and the Abe clan only performed the art of Onmyo, they were appointed to higher government posts over others, climbing to the Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) which exceeded Onmyoryo-related positions as stipulated by the ritsuryo which was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) being the highest.
- 当初は儒教を教える後の明経道が中心であったが、728年と730年の2度の学制改革(前者の改革で文章博士・律学博士(後の明法博士)が設置され、後者の改革で文章生・明法生・得業生制度が発足した)を経て、757年には大学寮公廨田(後の勧学田)が設定されて学生に対する給食が行われるなど、制度の充実が図られた。
- At first, Daigaku-ryo mainly taught Confucianism, the study referred to as Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics) in later years, but after two educational system reforms in 728 and 730 (through the former, Monjo Hakase [professor of literature] and Ritsugaku Hakase [professor of the law], which was later referred as Myobo Hakase [professor of law], were introduced, and through the latter, the systems of monjosho [students of literary studies], myobosho [students of law studies] and tokugosho [distinguished scholars] were established), the facilities and system of Daigaku-ryo were improved; for example, Daigaku-ryo kugaiden (referred to as Kangakuden (rice fields for schooling) in later years) was introduced, whereby food services were provided to students.
- また、「文章道」の名も通称に過ぎなかったあるいはそうした名称すら無かったと言われている(そもそも大学寮において学科の名称が公式に採用されたのは、遥か後世の貞観_(日本)年間(明文化された初出を『貞観式』とする)説もあり、これを採用すれば「文章科」というものはあっても「文章道」は存在しなかったことになる)。
- In addition, there is a theory which claims that the name 'monjodo' was only a popular name or which even denies the existence of the name (in the first place, the names of subjects were officially adopted during the Jogan era (or clearly specified for the first time in 'Joganshiki Code'), which was much later than this time, and if this is true, there must have been 'monjo ka' but not 'monjodo').
- 全寮制の師範学校の寮生活は大日本帝国陸軍の内務班そのままで、上級生への絶対服従を植えつけるため下級生へのいじめ、しごきは日常茶飯事であり、古事記の記述を盲目的に正史として教えるなど教育内容にも問題が多く、その卒業生たちが軍国主義教育の担い手となり、教え子を続々と戦地に送り続けてきたという批判が出たのである。
- People began to criticize normal schools; the dormitory life of the normal school was quite the same as that of a naimu-han (internal affairs corps) of the Imperial Japanese Army with seniors always teasing and hazing juniors to teach them absolute obedience to their seniors, and the education content also had a lot of problems such as teaching what was described in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) as an authentic history, and the graduates, as supporters of the militarist education, kept sending their students to the front.
- これは唐の国子監に置かれた算学と同数であり、教授として博士1名以外に助教2名及び複数名の直講が置かれて、学生も400名もいた本科と比べると小さいものの、唐の国子監の規模は日本の大学寮と比べて大きいこと、唐の算学博士は従九品下と低い地位に置かれたことを考えれば、設置当初の地位は一概に低いとは言えなかったとされている。
- These numbers are the same as those of the Sangaku (study of mathematics) in the Kokushikan (educational ministry) of Tang Dynasty, China, which had one doctor as professor, two associate professors, and a few chokko (lecturers); while the Sando was smaller than the regular course, which had four hundred students, it is thought not to have been categorically in a low position during its early days, considering that the Tang's Kokushikan was larger than the Japanese Daigaku-ryo, and that the Tang's San hakase was put in the low position of Jukuhonge (Junior Ninth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 従来、この官符は平良兼、平貞盛、源護らに対して出された将門追討の官符であると解釈されてきたが、前後の事実関係とのつながりとの食い違いが生じることから、これを公的には馬寮に属する常羽御厩を良兼・貞盛らが攻撃してしまったことによって良兼らが朝廷の怒りを買い、彼らへの追討の官符を将門が受けたと解釈する説が有力となっている。
- This kanpu has conventionally been interpreted as having been issued to have TAIRA no Yoshikane, TAIRA no Sadamori and MIMAMOTO no Mamoru subjugate Masakado; however, because inconsistencies arose between the facts preceding and following the event, another theory, holding that Yoshikane and others had angered the Imperial Court when Yoshikane and Sadamori attacked Ikuha no mimaya, which officially belong to Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses), and that Masakado had received the kanpu as an order to subdue them, has become prominent.
- 後世、大学別曹を「私立学校」とする見解(重野安譯「本邦古来教育ノ大概」など)が出されたが、大学別曹に専門の教員が置かれて講義がなされたという記録はなく、また当時において私立学校に相当するものは、大学寮の教員や著名な学者が教員の自宅で講義を行った一種の「私塾」であったと想定できる(例菅原氏の菅家廊下)ために、この見解は成り立たない。
- Although later, in the Meiji period, the remark that Daigaku-besso were 'private schools' was published in Yasutsugu SHIGENO's 'Honpo Korai Kyoiku no Taigai' (Overview of the Education of Ancient Japan), this is not borne out by the facts, because there is no record that Daigaku-besso had specialist teachers to give lectures, and at that time there were kinds of 'shijuku' (private tutoring schools at teachers' homes) that corresponded to private schools, where teachers in the Daigaku-ryo or reputed scholars provided lectures (example: Kanke Roka School of the Sugawara clan).
- 685年(天武天皇13年)には「陰陽師」という用語が使い始められるなど、陰陽五行思想はさらに盛んとなり、718年の養老律令において、中務省の内局である寮 (律令制)としての陰陽寮の設置が明文化され、これに技官として天文博士・陰陽博士・陰陽師・暦博士・漏刻博士が常任されることが規定されると、神祇官の龜卜と並んで公的に式占を司ることとなった。
- In 685, as the principles of inyo gogyo grew more popular, with the term 'onmyoji' starting to be used, it was put into statutory form to install Onmyoryo as a ryo (in line with the ritsuryo system) as a division of Department of Nakatsukasasho, by the ritsuryo formally announced in the Yoro period in 718 and when it was stipulated that tenmon hakase, onmyo hakase, onmyoji, reki hakase, and rokoku hakase be made permanent posts as gikan (bureaucrats with specialized skills), they began to officially perform divinations alongside jingikan (a bureaucrat in charge of Shinto ceremonies) who were responsible for kiiboku (fortune telling using turtle shells).
- すると陰陽寮の「正式な陰陽師」においてもこの風潮に流される者が続出し、そのふるまいは本来律令の定める職掌からはるかにかけ離れ、方位や星巡りの吉凶を恣意的に吹き込むことによって天皇・皇族や、公卿・公家諸家の私生活における行動管理にまで入り込み、朝廷中核の精神世界を支配し始めて、次第に官制に基づく正規業務を越えて政権の闇で暗躍するようになっていった。
- As a result, a steady stream of the 'official onmyoji' in Onmyoryo subsequently began to go along with the flow of the times and their actions were far from their duties as prescribed by the original ritsuryo and by arbitrarily indoctrinating lucky and unlucky directions or aspects of stars, they intruded into controlling private activities of the Emperor/Royal family and kugyo/kuge (court noble) and started to manage the inner space of the nerve center of the Imperial Court, working behind the scenes in the shadow of the administration going beyond the normal duties based on the official system.
- このため輔(すけ)・丞(じょう)・録(さかん)の四等官(他の日本の官制の四等官と比較して官位相当は一段高く設定されている。)のほかに、天皇に近侍する侍従、宮中の警備、雑役及び行幸の際の警護役である内舎人、詔勅や宣命及び位記を作成する内記等、大蔵省や内蔵寮(くらりょう)等の出納を行う監物等、駅鈴や伝符の出納たを行う主鈴や典鑰が中務省の品官(ほんかん)とされた。
- Therefore, in addition to Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks, the official court ranks conferred to the Shitokan of Nakatsukasa-sho were higher than Shitokan in other ministries) consisting of Suke, Jo and Sakan, the following posts were counted among Honkan (government posts): Jiju (chamberlain); officials attending the Emperor, Udoneri (Ministerial equerry); officials taking charge of the Imperial Court defense and miscellaneous jobs and guarding an imperial visit, Naiki and others; officials engaged in drafting the two types of imperial edict (one was written in the classical Chinese and the other was in the Japanese syllabary) and the court rank diploma, Kenmotsu and others; officials engaged in accounts of Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury), Kura-ryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), etc., Shurei and Tenyaku; officials managing Ekirei (bells set in stations used for supplying horses), Denfu (certification for lending horses), etc.
- 律令制下で確認できる雑戸としては、百済手部(大蔵省・内蔵寮に各10)・百済戸(大蔵省11・内蔵寮10)・雑工戸(造兵司、典鋳司にも造兵司・鍛治司鍛戸から出向した者が所属)・鍛戸(鍛治司338・別個に造兵司雑工戸217)・筥戸(筥陶司197)・飼戸/馬甘(左馬寮302・右馬寮260)が存在した(括弧内は所属官司、数字は職員令などで確認可能な法定の戸数である)。
- Under the ritsuryo system, such kinds of zakko are known to have existed as Kudarabe (10 each under Okura-sho [Ministry of the Treasury] and Kuraryo [Palace Storehouse Bureau]), Kudarahe (11under Okura-sho and 10 under Kuraryo), Zokuko (Zoheishi [Weapons-Manufacturing Bureau], and Imonono Tsukasa [Casting Bureau] also has workers dispatched from Zoheishi and Kanuchibe of Kajishi [Smithery Bureau]), Kanuchibe (338 under Kajishi plus 217 for Zokuko of Zoheishi), Hakohe (197 under Kyotoshi [the Ministry of the Sovereign's Household]), Shiko/Umakai (302 under Samaryo [Left Division of Bureau of Horses] and 260 under Umaryo [Right Division of Bureau of Horses]) (government offices which zakko belonged to are shown in parentheses with number indicating the statutory number of zakko, which can be identified in Shikiinryo [law which stipulates duties of the ministries]).
- また灘区に伝わる『柴田家文書酒造り始之由来』には、「むかし大内裏(朝廷)で造酒之寮(造酒司)と呼ばれる御官人が祭祀のために酒を造っていたが、室町時代になると酒の需要が高まり、とても追いつかなくなったので、御官人の縁者が市中でも造り始めたところ、とりわけ摂州表で造る酒は出来柄がよかった。」と書かれ、室町時代が酒造業にとって急成長の時代であったことを裏付けている。
- In addition, in 'the Shibata family document: The origin of sake brewing' handed down in the Nada Ward, it is described that 'in ancient times, governmental officials called Miki no tsukasa brewed sake for rites and festivals in Dainairi (the Imperial Court), but in the Muromachi period the demand of sake became too high for them to sufficiently supply it, so relatives of the governmental officials began to brew sake in town, among which the sake produced around Sesshu was good quality,' which showed that the sake brewing industry grew rapidly in the Muromachi period.
- 日本最初の本格的な教育機関は律令制における大学寮であるとされているが、学令によればその本科(後の明経道)においては、儒教のうちの『論語』と『孝経』を必修とし、『周易』、『書経』、『周礼』、『儀礼』、『礼記』、『毛詩』、『春秋左氏伝』の7経のうち、『礼記』・『春秋左氏伝』を大経、『毛詩』・『周礼』・『儀礼』を中経、『周易』・『尚書』を小経としてその組み合わせで先行する経典を定めた。
- It is said that the oldest full-fledged educational institution was the Daigaku-ryo within the Centralized Administration established under the Ritsuryo Legal Codes, and according to the regulations, in the regular course (later known as Myogyodo), 'Rongo' and 'Kokyo' (Classic of Filial Piety) of Confucianism were compulsory and specializations were determined based on the combination scriptures from the three scripture groups: the large scriptures, which included 'Raiki' and 'Shunju Sashiden,' the medium scriptures, which included 'Moshi,' 'Shurai' and 'Girai' and the small scriptures, which included 'Shueki' and 'Shosho.'
- 陰陽寮成立当初の方技は、純粋に占筮、地相(現在で言う「風水」的なもの)、天体観測、占星術、暦の作成、吉日凶日の判断、漏刻のみを職掌としていたため、もっぱら天文観測・暦時の管理・事の吉凶を陰陽五行に基づく理論的な分析によって予言するだけであって、神祇官や僧侶のような宗教的な儀礼や呪術は全く行わなかったが、朝廷において営繕を行う際の吉日選定や、土地・方角などの吉凶を占うことで遷都の際などに重要な役割を果たした。
- When Onmyoryo was first set up, as hogi's duties only consisted of seizen, chiso (something like the present 'Feng Shui'), astronomy, astrology, calendar-making, judging lucky and unlucky days and the clock, they exclusively worked to observe astronomy, to manage the calendar and clock and to make predictions on good and bad luck concerning events using logical analyses based on inyo gogyo, while never performing religious ceremonies or magic rituals like jingikan or monks, they played a key role in selecting lucky days when building or reconstruction work was required at the Imperial Court and performed divinations for lucky and unlucky properties/directions for relocating the capital.
- 毎年高卒者を多く採用する産業で、駐屯地で寄宿生活を行う自衛官や全寮制の訓練機関(海上保安大学校、防衛大学校など)、祝祭日が書き入れ時となる百貨店、スーパーマーケット、外食産業などの小売業や鉄道、観光バスなどの運輸事業、及び業務の性格上交代勤務が多い製鉄、化学工業、繊維、紙、自動車工業などの製造業、電力・都市ガス・電話局などでは、成人の日も勤務となる従業員が多く、市町村が行う成人式に参加できない人も当然多くいる。
- In the case of workers in industries that hire many high school graduates every year, such as retail industries including department stores, supermarkets and restaurants, and the transport industry including railways, sightseeing buses, etc. that make profits on holidays, manufacturing industries including iron manufacturing, chemical industry, textile industry, paper industry and automobile industry in which employees work different shifts due to business characteristics, workers in public services such as electricity, city gas and telephone, Self-Defense Officials who live in a dormitory at a Camp, and trainees at residential training institutions (Japan Coast Guard Academy, National Defense Academy, etc.), many of them have to work even on the Coming-of-Age Day, and obviously cannot participate in the Seijin-shiki ceremony held by municipalities.
- また、元々頒暦が官庁に備え付ける暦であり、貴族や僧侶は自らの日記を執筆するために用いる具注暦をそれぞれが暦博士や暦生に依頼して制作もしくや書写の便宜を受けるのが慣例となっていた(藤原実資は予め(陰陽寮職員である)陰陽師に料紙を支給して暦を注文を行い、完成後に代金として絹1疋を支払っていたことが知られ(『中右記』長和3年10月2日条)、摂関家に至っては暦博士側から具注暦を献上してくることが慣例化していた(『後二条師通記』・『殿暦』・『玉葉』)。
- Hanreki was originally a calendar to be distributed to government offices, nobles and monks made it a practice to ask rekihakase or rekisei to make or transcribe guchureki in order to write their own diary (on this point, it is known that FUJIWARA no Sanesuke ordered calendars to an onmyoji (practionner in the Onmyoryo) by paying for paper and paid one hiki of silk when the calendar was completed (according to the article of 'Chuyuki' (diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) dated on October 2nd, 1014) and the line of regents and advisers made it rule that rekihakase presented guchureki to them (according to 'Gonijo Moromichi ki' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Moromichi), 'Denryaku' (The Diary of FUJIWARA no Tadazane) and ''Gyokuyo' (The Diary of Kanezane KUJO)).
- 更に『兵範記』には久寿元年(1154年)の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分(合格)者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである(大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分(天皇)2・院御分(上皇・法皇)1・殿下分(摂政・関白)1・省官分(式部大輔・少輔)3・両博士分(文章博士2名)2・判儒分(試験官)3の入分枠が定められていたという)。
- Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).
- 逆に、陰陽寮からの改暦提案を受けた明治政府首脳の間では、「富国強兵を目して西洋的な先進技術の導入を進めるにあたり、陰陽寮が近代科学導入の反対勢力の中心となる畏れが強く、陰陽道を排除すべきである」とする西洋文明導入論者に加え、「天皇親政を行うにあたっては、臣下が天皇を差置いて実権を行使する蛮行や、天皇の行動を指図するような非礼はまかりならず、ましてや日本古来の神道があるにもかかわらず外国(中国)由来の技法である陰陽道がまかり通ることなど許容しがたい」とする純神道論者ないし攘夷論者の主張が共鳴して、陰陽道を排斥する意見が多数を占めた。
- Consequently, among the top level people in the Meiji Government who received the proposal 'to change the calendar from Onmyoryo, the pro-western civilization people argued that to move ahead with introduction of the western advanced technology and to achieve Fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military), because there was a strong possibility that Onmyoryo could lead the opposition to adopting modern science, Onmyodo had be eliminated,' whereas, Shinto purists or supporters of Joi ron (principle of expelling foreigners) argued that 'by having the emperor at the top of the government, they could not allow barbaric acts such as allegiants exercising real power by going over the emperor's head or breaching etiquette, such as; allegiants dictating what the emperor should do, and, further, they could not tolerate that, despite the fact that Shinto was the tradition in Japan, Onmyodo, and an art originating from a foreign country (China) should go unchallenged,' and with both parties identifying with the arguments put forward, most of them agreed to drive Onmyodo out.