Honyaku Star - Search: 家屋

家屋: 282 Terms and Phrases

家屋
house
building
tenement
premise
A house of Shoya

家屋敷
estate
homestead
house and land (it stands on)
messuage

家屋税
house tax

家屋周囲
peridomestic

家屋番号
the building number;

武家屋敷
samurai residence
Bukeyashiki
Buke Yashiki
The Samurai Residence

耐震家屋
earthquake-resistant buildings

独立家屋
single or detached house

後家屋沢
Gokeyasawa

家屋台帳
house or housing registry

木造家屋
wooden house
frame house (building)

家屋除去
removal of house

家屋文鏡
Kaoku Monkyo

家屋修繕費
repairing expense of house

平家屋敷跡
Heikeyashikiato

数軒の家屋
some houses

家屋の外壁
sheathing

家屋明け渡し
vacation of house
eviction

土地家屋調査
land and house investigation

ゲル (家屋)
Yurt

吉良家屋敷替え
Alterations in properties of the Kira family

群立（密集）家屋
cluster house

家屋の耐久性向上
Durability enhancement in housing

家屋を解体する人
a wrecker of houses

家屋塗装業者の仕事
the occupation of a house painter

これは木造家屋です。
This is a wooden house.

倒れそうな大昔の家屋
a ramshackle antediluvian tenement

家屋文と類似の家形埴輪
House-shaped haniwa similar to Kaoku Monkyo pattern

木造家屋は燃えやすい。
Wooden houses easily catch fire.

対義語に公家屋敷がある。
Its antonym is Kuge Yashiki (residence of a court noble).

木造家屋は簡単に燃える。
A wooden building can easily catch fire.

木造家屋は火がつきやすい。
Wooden houses catch fire easily.

領主の所有地（家屋も含む）
the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)

家屋の形から中心を点を取る
Selecting the center by the shape of the house.

家屋敷の所有者に特権を与える法律
a law conferring privileges on owners of homesteads

武家屋敷（侍屋敷）の街並み・社家町
Townscapes of Buke Yashiki (Samurai Yashiki) and Shake-machi (Shake towns)

ほとんどの家屋が粉々に破壊された。
Most houses were destroyed to pieces.

人又は家屋の密集している地域の上空
Airspace over a densely populated area

彼は家屋塗装の仕事しかできなかった
house painting was the only craft he knew

日本の家屋は木造で、火がつきやすい。
Japanese houses are built of wood and they catch fire easily.

一般家屋が並ぶのは北半分の西側のみ。
Ordinary residences line only the west side of the northern half of Sakuranobanba-dori Street.

家屋における有害動物又は有害植物の防除
controlling of harmful animals or plants in houses

この前の嵐で数軒の家屋が被害を受けた。
Several houses were damaged in the last storm.

住宅や織物工場など家屋の97%が焼失。
97% of buildings including the textile factories were burned down in Mineyama-cho.

主に木造軸組工法の家屋の建築を担う職人。
Tobishoku is a worker mainly engaged in building houses using timber framework method.

家屋は宇治田原町指定文化財となっている。
This house is a Cultural Property designated by Ujitawara-cho Town.

表の家屋の二階が上を覆っている場合もある。
Some alleys are covered by the second floor of the main house built on the front road.

その町には大きな古い木造家屋が数軒あった。
There were a few large old wooden houses in the town.

その長押は、今日の日本家屋からは消滅しつつある。
Such nageshi are rarely seen in modern Japanese homes.

家屋文と類似する家形埴輪が各地から出土している。
House-shaped haniwa similar to Kaoku Monkyo pattern are excavated from different parts of Japan.

ディール市内と近辺の家屋の売買を仲介しています。
She arranges the buying and selling of houses in and around Deal.

プランタン＝モレトゥスの家屋・工房・博物館複合体
Plantin-Moretus Museum

身の形が家屋の縁側に似ていることからそう呼ばれる。
The name comes from the fact that its shape looks like 'engawa'which is a veranda of a Japanese house.

家屋、門若しくは塀又は次に掲げる物品の修繕又は改良
repairing or renovating of houses, gates, or fences, or the following goods:

数奇屋大工（大工を参照）が造る木造軸組工法の家屋。
It is a house built by sukiya carpenters (refer to Daiku (carpenters)) using a specific method of timber-framework.

現代家屋では煙の出ない炭火が用いられることが多い。
In today's house, smoke-free charcoal is often used.

これらも変化しては消え、新しい家屋が出現しました。
These, too, changed and passed, and others came.

三の丸については、武家屋敷が立ち並ぶことさえあった。
Some sannomarus included even samurai houses.

その中に鏡背に四棟の家屋文様が描かれた家屋文鏡がある。
Among them, there is Kaoku Monkyo, an ancient mirror on which icons of four types of houses were curved on its back.

所有家屋500坪、宅地2,000坪、農地山林50町歩以上
The established minimums were 500 tsubo (approx. 1,600 square meters) in houses, 2,000 tsubo (approx. 6,500 square meters) in housing land, and 50 cho (approx. 120 acres) of agricultural and/or forest land.

よって、間は建物や家屋、敷地の長さを示すのに用いられる。
Therefore ken is used to indicate the length of buildings, houses and sites.

2月には、ドイツ語で『日本兵食論』『日本家屋論』を執筆。
In February, he wrote 'Nippon Heishoku Ron' (discussion on army food of Japan) and 'Nippon Kaoku Ron' (discussion on the houses of Japan) in German.

武家屋敷の玄関は、門から石畳で玄関の式台につらなっている。
The path to the entrance from the gate of a samurai residence is paved with stone and leads to the shikidai (steps in a Japanese entranceway) in the entrance.

寝殿は檜皮葺（ひわだぶき）の屋根で木造の高床式家屋である。
A shinden is a house on stilts with its roofs thatched with Hiwada (bark of Japanese cypress).

明治27年（1894年）4月15日、火災に遭い家屋を焼失。
His house was destroyed by fire on April 15, 1894.

今では珍しくなった茅葺屋根の家屋がここには数多く残っている。
Many houses with thatched roofs that are now a rarity still remain here today.

名古屋城三ノ丸の一郭にあった武家屋敷街の中小路にて生まれる。
He was born in Naka-koji Street in a samurai residence area located in the part of the third bailey of the Nagoya Castle.

家屋は大きかったが、召使いは一人も見られず、荒涼としていた。
The house was large, but it was servantless now, and desolate.

実際朱印内であってもかなりの農地が武家屋敷とともに存在した。
Indeed, a significant number of farm plots and samurai residences existed in Shuinchi (lands allocated for temples and shrines).

武者返し：武家屋敷で、表長屋の外溝の縁に一歩置きに立てた石。
Mushagaeshi : In a samurai residence, the stone which was put at every step on the brink of the outside dike of the row house along the main street.

とうとうわたしは、再び家屋の暗い影を目にするようになりました。
At last I saw again the dim shadows of houses,

武家屋敷では、武威を示すため武骨なまでに太い舞良子を粗く配した。
In the samurai residence thick mairako were arranged in order to express power.

家屋番号　第四十五条の規定により一個の建物ごとに付す番号をいう。
building number:　a number assigned to each building pursuant to the provision of Article 45;

日本家屋の玄関、学校の昇降口も、土間の一種と考えることも出来る。
The entrance halls of Japanese houses and the entrances/exits of schools are also considered to be doma.

さらに、大阪市内では、地割れから泥水を噴き出し、家屋が浸水した。
In Osaka City, cracks in the ground spewed mud water and flooded houses.

- 家屋の普請をしてその祝事に反し、よくない事が起こるという迷信。
Fushin make refers to a superstitious belief that when fushin related to a house has been completed, something bad will happen despite this happy event.

和室（わしつ）は、伝統的な日本の家屋に特有の、畳を敷き詰めた部屋。
A Japanese-style room is a room on whose floor tatami mats are laid in a traditional Japanese house.

また捜査撹乱を狙って犯行後に家屋に火を放ち逃走する手口も横行した。
In addition, criminals often set fire on the building after committing a crime in it to disrupt the investigation.

「山川転動裂壊家屋、顛潰長濱之御城殿崩、與禰姫様喪亡、御歳六歳。」
Mountains and rivers were shaken and houses collapsed, and Princess Yone died at the age of six because Omi Nagahama-jo Castle was totally destroyed.'

墓所は和歌山県和歌山市の紀三井寺、福島県会津若松市「武家屋敷」内。
Sasaki's graves are located on the grounds of Kimii-dera Temple in Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture and within the compound of the 'samurai residence' in Aizuwakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture.

土間（どま）とは日本建築に於ける家屋内の一部を構成する間取りである。
A doma is a space constituting the inside of a Japanese-style house.

公卿の邸宅だけでも十六軒、一般家屋に至っては都の三分の一が焼失した。
16 residences of the court nobles were burned down, and one-third of the houses of common people in the capital were destroyed by fire.

モンゴルではゲル (家屋)の中にチベット仏教の仏壇を設けることがある。
In Mongolia, a butsudan of Tibetan Buddhism is occasionally installed in a yurt (house).

台湾は日本統治時代 (台湾)の遺風を残す、和室がある家屋も少なくない。
In Taiwan, there are quite a few houses with Japanese-style rooms which have been passed down from the period of Japanese rule.

傾斜した屋根と広い軒のあるスイスの家屋、あるいはこの様式で建てられた家
a Swiss house with a sloping roof and wide eaves or a house built in this style

家屋敷（いえやしき）はある人の周旋（しゅうせん）である金満家に譲った。
Our house and lot were sold, through the efforts of a middleman to a wealthy person.

1788年、天明の大火により家屋を焼失するが、ソツ啄斎の援助により再建。
Although the family's house was burnt down in 1788 because of the Great Fire of Tenmei, she reconstructed it with the help of Sottakusai.

城下町・陣屋町において、武士が居住する武家屋敷・侍屋敷が集まってできた町
town inside the Jokamachi and Jinyamachi, formed with those samurai houses like bukeyashiki (samurai mansion) and samurai yashiki (samurai resident) gathered

会津藩士で砲術指南役の山本権八の長男として若松城近くの武家屋敷に生まれる。
He was born at a samurai residence near the Wakamatsu-jo Castle as the oldest son of Gonpachi YAMAMOTO who served as a gunnery instructor in the Aizu Domain.

植生は落葉広葉樹（トチノキ、ナラ）で、豪雪地帯である為に家屋は大型化した。
Vegetation cover was mostly deciduous broad-leaved forests (buckeye and oak); since it was a snowy area, the houses grew in size.

一般には、耕地・林野の面積には歩が、家屋・敷地の面積には坪が使われていた。
In general, bu unit was used for measuring the area of arable land, forest and field, while tsubo was used for the area of building sites and houses.

墾田の要所には開発と経営のため、「荘」または「荘所」という家屋が設置された。
At important points in the reclaimed fields, houses called 'sho' or 'shosho' were constructed for the development and management of the land.

古い家屋は、特に日本の伝統的な家屋は、湿気が多く現代生活に不都合な事がある。
Old homes, especially traditional Japanese ones, can be damp and unfriendly to modern life.

当時泥棒は手ぶらで家屋に侵入し、まず盗んだ物を持ち運べる大判の風呂敷を探した。
Around that time, a thief broke into a house empty-handed and first tried to find a large Furoshiki to wrap and carry stolen-goods.

伝統的な農村家屋では、便所や風呂は母屋から離れた別小屋になっていることが多い。
In many traditional rural houses, the lavatory and bathing place are located in a hut separate from the main building.

通りに多くの家屋を建ち並ばせるためには、必然的に間口が狭く、奥行きが深くなる。
In order to arrange as many houses as possible along a street, the width and the depth of each house necessarily become small and large respectively.

豊臣秀吉によって開発され武家屋敷が立ち並ぶようになったが江戸時代前期に荒廃した。
The area was developed by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and samurai residences had been built around, but it fell into ruin in the early Edo period.

その鏡の文様は、この古墳に葬られた人々の居館を構成する家屋を表現したものである。
The pattern on the mirror depicts houses where the people buried in this tumulus used to live.

弁護士で、新しい家屋が整うまで、便宜上一時的にうちの部屋を使っていたんですよ。』
He was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new premises were ready.

また、震源から150km以上も離れている鳥取県米子市でも、2戸の倒壊家屋がでた。
Even in Yonago City in Tottori Prefecture, 150km away from the epicenter, 2 houses collapsed.

日本ではほとんどの家屋において玄関で靴を脱ぎ、欧米では脱がないものと思われている。
Many Japanese think that in Europe and the United States people do not take off their shoes at home, unlike the Japanese who take off their shoes in the genkan of most houses they enter.

旧甲斐国の山梨県では、甲府駅から一般家屋に至るまであらゆる場所に武田菱が見られる。
In Yamanashi Prefecture, former Kai Province, Takeda- bishi is seen everywhere from Kofu Station to ordinary houses.
In Yamanashi Prefecture, the former Kai Province, Takeda bishi (the crest of the Takeda family) are every where, from Kofu Station to ordinary houses.

囲炉裏は炊事専門のかまど、属人的な火鉢とともに、日本の伝統家屋の火の座を構成した。
The firing system of a traditional Japanese house was composed of an Irori fireplace, a Kamado (cooking stove) exclusively for cooking, and a Hibachi (brazier) for human use.

本家屋敷神・・・集落の家のうち、特定の旧家のみが屋敷神を持っており、祭祀している。
Main famiy yashiki-gami: Only specific old families within a community have a yashiki-gami which is worshipped.

田畑や山林の地積には町、反、畝、歩を用い、宅地や家屋の地積には坪、合、勺を用いる。
The units of cho, tan, se and bu are used for showing the acreage of fields, mountains, and forests, while the units of tsubo, go and shaku (勺) are used for the housing lots and the houses.

当時の家屋など弥生時代の習俗の様子を描いた原始的な絵画が鋳出されているものもある。
Some dotaku feature primitive paintings representing manners and customs of the Yayoi period such as houses.

旧閑院宮邸は、近年整備され、場所を変えずに江戸時代の遺構を残す唯一の宮家屋敷である。
The former Kan in no Miya palace, recently refurbished, is the only palace (Miyake) belonging to a prince still in its original location as it was during the Edo period and is kept in it's old original style.

この絵図面は以前住んでいた高野家に出入りの大工が持っていた高野家屋敷の絵図面だった。
This is the drawing of the residence of the Kono family and it must be a possession of the ex-resident, a carpenter working for the Kono family.

旧紀州街道に当たる新町通りが街の中心で、現在も往時をしのばせる家屋が多数残っている。
Shinmachi-dori street corresponding to former Kishu Kaido Road is the center of the city, in which many houses which would remind us of those days remain even in the present.

武家屋敷（ぶけやしき）は主に江戸時代の江戸に大名が所有した出張所を兼ねた大名の邸宅。
A 'Buke Yashiki' is typically a mansion which a daimyo (provincial lord) kept in Edo as a second house and as a branch office in the Edo period.

直江廣治氏によると、各戸屋敷神・本家屋敷神・一門屋敷神の三つに分類することができる。
According to Koji NAOE, yashiki-gami can be classified as general yashiki-gami, main family yashiki-gami and clan yashiki-gami.

家康は秀吉の例に倣って江戸城下に武家屋敷を与え、妻子を江戸に住まわせる制度を立てた。
Following Hideyoshi's footstep, Ieyasu prepared the samurai residences near Edo-jo Castle so that daimyo's families would live in Edo.

そのような村でも(2)家屋敷地は必ずあり、それらを所持する高持百姓が本百姓とされた。
Even such villages certainly had (2) houses and land, and takamochi-hyakusho who possessed them were regarded as hon-byakusho.

また、一般家屋内や商店の内部にて地元伝統工芸品や手芸品、絵画などの展示即売も行われる。
There is an on-site sale of local traditional crafts, handicraft items and paintings inside general residential houses and stores.

その中に家屋文鏡（かおくもんきょう）と呼ばれている直径22.9センチの大型鏡があった。
Among them was a large mirror (22.9 centimeters in diameter) called 'Kaoku Monkyo.'

ただし現代住宅の場合は家屋の密閉性が高いため、換気をしないと線香でいぶされることもある。
As contemporary houses are airtight, ventilation is required from time to time in order to avoid being smoked by Senko.

しかし京都市内側は家屋が道路ぎりぎりに立っているので、それまでの道路幅より若干狭くなる。
However the section of the road adjacent to Kyoto City center has houses built right up to the side of the road, so the road here is slightly narrower than the previous section.

第一次産業（農林漁業）に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
It indicates an area where a small number of houses are sparsely scattered.

登記所は、法務省令で定めるところにより、一個の建物ごとに家屋番号を付さなければならない。
A registry office shall, as provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, assign a building number to each building.

そのため、以後その他の武家屋敷でも対面所のことを広間もしくは書院と呼称するようになった。
It is because of this that even taimensho at samurai residences came to be called hiroma (lit. hall) or shoin (lit. reception hall).

測量などでは邪魔になる家屋があると無断で壁に穴をぶちあけるという奇行ぶりであったという。
It is said that his behavior was beyond eccentric, since even without permission he drilled into walls of houses, saying they obstructed the measurements for the laying.

1788年に天明の大火で家屋敷や印章を失うが、三千家の援助もあり十代・永樂了全が再興した。
Although they lost their estate and the seal due to the Great Fire of Tenmei in 1788, Ryozen EIRAKU the 10th restored the family fortunes with the help of the Sansenke (three Senke houses of the tea ceremony consisting of Omotesenke, Urasenke and Mushakojisenke).

家屋の片側にはタイル張りのベランダっぽいものがあり、いくつかの窓と2つのドアが並んでいた。
A sort of tiled veranda extended along one side of it, lined by several windows and two doors.

このため、家屋は間口が狭く奥行きが長い、いわゆる「鰻の寝床」であり、二階建てとなっていた。
Therefore the front width of the houses were narrow, but the house had depth and were like so-called 'sleeping places of an eel' and were two-storied.

この上段の間の書院造りの様式は、規模の差はともかく、武家屋敷の座敷には必ず採用されていった。
This Shoin-zukuri style of Jodan no ma was adopted by all means, aside from the difference of the scale in the zashiki of samurai residence.

近世でも、武家屋敷となると、純粋な書院造りを基本としたやや武骨なまでも、重厚な造りであった。
Even in recent times, a samurai residence was built as massive architecture based on pure Shoin-zukuri.

英国では『housewrecker（家屋解体業者）』は『housebreaker』と言われる
in England a housewrecker is called a housebreaker

町屋は宿場町にもあったが、特に城下町でこれが形成されることが多く、武家屋敷と対比をなしていた。
There were merchant houses in post-station towns, but they were often built in castle towns forming a contrast with samurai residences.

西洋人の中には、私たちの家屋には彼らが不可欠と考えるもの全てが欠けていると思う人もいるだろう。
Some Westerners may think our houses are lacking in everything they consider essential.

土地、家屋、家具、ひとつひとつ順番に、数限りない執行書が発行されるたび、取り上げられていった。
Land, house, furniture, each in its turn, was taken under some one of the numerous executions which were issued;

地震被害が著しかったのは網野町、加悦町、岩滝町、峰山町で、家屋倒壊率は70%～90%に達した。
In Amino-cho, Kaya-cho, Iwataki-cho and Mineyama-cho, where the damage was particularly severe, the ratio of collapsed buildings reached 70%～90%.

武家屋敷が建ち並び、また陣屋に関わる武士等を相手に商売を営む商工業者が集まり発展した町である。
Jinyamachi developed into a town as a number of bukeyashiki (samurai mansions) stand and those engaged in commerce and industry gathered there to trade with samurai and others who were working at the jinya.

土間は戸外と屋内の中間的な場所にあたり、日本家屋では「屋内では靴を脱ぐ」という生活習慣があるが、
The doma is positioned as a place intermediate between outdoor and indoor, and it is a custom in Japanese houses 'to take off shoes indoors.'

当時、世界に20万都市は10もなく、できたばかりの江戸も単に武家屋敷の立ち並ぶ官庁街にすぎない。
At that time, there were less than ten cities around the world with a population of 200,000, even the newly formed Edo was just a district of government offices where lines of samurai residences stood.

洛中洛外図は多分に政治的な意図のもとに制作されたもので、御所、武家屋敷などが目立つように描かれる。
Rakuchu rakugai zu were produced largely for political purposes, thus the imperial palace and samurai residences are painted and calculated for effect.

その一方で古い農村部の日本家屋では、板の間がそのまま生活居住空間で作業場所は特別に設置しなかった。
On the other hand, in old Japanese houses of agricultural villages, the room with a wooden floor was used for daily household activities and there was no designated workplace.

五日市憲法は東京都の有形文化財（古文書）に、深沢家屋敷跡（土蔵などが残る）は史跡に指定されている。
The Itsukaichi Constitution is recorded as one of the ancient documents of the tangible cultural assets of Tokyo, and the place where the residence of the Fukawaza family used to be located (where the earthen storehouse still remains) is designated as one of the ancient sites.

仏壇（ぶつだん）とは、一般家屋の中に常設された、仏を祀る厨子であり、家族の死者を祭る、祭壇でもある。
Butsudan is a permanent miniature temple in an ordinary house to enshrine Buddha as well as an alter to enshrine the dead of the family.

- 大殿祭（おおとのほがい）の祝詞には「飛ぶ鳥の災」とあり、猛禽類による家屋損傷などの災難とされる。
'Woes by flying birds' is found in Norito of Otonohogai, and thus it is considered to refer to damages to buildings and other mishaps caused by raptorial birds.

そのような地域差がありながらも、日本全国どこでも木を使った住宅（日本家屋、和風住宅）が建てられてきた。
Although such regional differences existed, wooden housings (Japanese-style housing or Japanese-style house) were built everywhere in Japan.

西堀川通は第二次世界大戦時に防火帯として沿道の家屋が強制疎開させられたため、現在ある広い通りになった。
Nishi-horikawa-dori Street is now wider because, during World War II, the houses along it were forced to move in order to provide a fire-blocking zone.

家屋敷はもちろん、勤める学校に不足のない故郷がいやになったからと云って、知らぬ他国へ苦労を求めに出る。
He is going to court hardships in a strange part of the country in preference of his home and the school where he is working,--both of which should satisfy most anybody,--because he is tired of them.

二の丸は歴代城主の御殿、藩政の主要建物、武家屋敷などがあり、先にも述べたように城域を分かつ柵があった。
The Ninomaru contained the Goten of the successive domain loads, the main buildings for the duties of the domain, Samurai residences etc, and had barriers dividing the castle area from the outside as mentioned earlier.

武家屋敷に使用人として住む町人の人口は、幕府の管理下になかったため、江戸の人口統計から除外されている。
The population of servants living in samurai residences was excluded from the Edo census because it was not an administrative responsibility of the Bakufu.

この大字石寺の地域には多くの武家屋敷もあり、ここに楽市も混在していたとすれば、規模が小さいとしている。
The book mentions that since there were many samurai residences built in this area of Oaza-ishidera, the size of the Rakuichi should had been small if it was located in the area.

明暦の大火により、焼失被害にあった江戸市中の武家屋敷、社寺仏閣などに資金援助し、復興に助力したという。
He is said to have lent his support after the Great Fire of Meireki by providing capital to rebuild samurai residences, shrines and temples destroyed by fire in Edo City.

第一項の建物所在図は、一個又は二個以上の建物ごとに作成し、各建物の位置及び家屋番号を表示するものとする。
A building location picture set forth in paragraph (1) shall be prepared for each building or each group of two or more buildings, and it shall indicate the position and building number of each building.

無人の家屋である「生家」は数十年の歳月により、かやぶき屋根の損傷が激しくなり、早急に修復が必要となった。
This 'birthplace' where nobody currently lives required immediate repair because its thatched roof was damaged from a few decades of weathering.

また、家屋の更新により新しい建物も多いが、古くからある町屋も散見され、街道として栄えた面影を残している。
Also, although many reconstructed new-style buildings are found along the street, traditional town houses remain in some sections, showcasing its past as a prosperous highway from days gone by.

やがて家屋につきあたったところで、余勢を駆るみたいに、つややかに光る蔦となって家の壁をよじのぼっている。
finally when it reached the house drifting up the side in bright vines as though from the momentum of its run.

更に古い陰欝な家屋のある細い通りを過ぎて、マンチェスター街に出で、それからブランドフォード街に現われた。
We emerged at last into a small road, lined with old, gloomy houses, which led us into Manchester Street, and so to Blandford Street.

そして、家屋、庭園、美術品は川崎の唯一ともいうべき趣味であり、自分の大志を励ます何よりの刺激剤であった。
Houses, gardens and arts were his only hobbies, and this helped to keep his ambitions encouraged.

光信は陣屋や武家屋敷の建設に尽力し、幕府においても大坂城本丸普請や比叡山延暦寺の造営奉行として活躍した。
Mitsunobu made efforts in constructing jinya (regional government office) and samurai residence, and in the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he also played an active role in constructing Honmaru (the keep of a castle) of Osaka-jo Castle and as Zoei Bugyo (Temple Administrator) of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.

15世宗意の時、元治元年（1864年）の禁門の変の兵火により家屋を焼失、尾張家の庇護により名古屋に移った。
During the time of the fifteenth master, Soi, the residence of the Shino family burned to the ground as a result of a fire caused by Kinmon Incident in 1864, and they moved to Nagoya under the wing of the Owari family.

開港においては土地を貸借し家屋を造営しあるいは所在する朝鮮人の家屋を賃借することも各人の自由に任せること。
When ports are opened, people can decide by themselves whether to borrow land and construct their houses, or borrow their houses from Koreans.

現在でも、和歌山城下の和歌山市三木町堀詰橋南側には、「紀州藩表千家屋敷跡」の碑が建っており、往時を偲ばせる。
A moment of 'the former site of the Kishu Clan Senke residence' that reminds us of the past still stands in the Wakayama Castle town at Horizume-bashi Minami-gawa, Miki Town, Wakayama City today.

古来より、日本家屋独特のほの暗さの文化や陰翳の美を演出するものとして、日本の建築文化の象徴的な存在であった。
Since ancient times, shoji has been in existence as a symbol of Japanese architectural culture while creating the beauty of light and shadow and a culture that respects the contrast, both of which are unique to a Japanese house.

更に、郷士内部でも身分の上下があり、上中級郷士は麓と呼ばれる武家屋敷街に住み、事実上地方行政を取り仕切った。
Moreover, there was a hierarchical difference amongst goshi: middle and upper ranks resided in samurai residential districts called `fumoto` and in effect ran the local government administration.

天明の大火で焼失した家系図や秘伝書の再編さんを薦めるが、蛤御門の変に遭遇、再び家屋及び家伝などの一切を消失。
Although he strived to restore the family's genealogical table and hidensho (a book of family's secret technique) which had been burnt down in the Great Fire of Tenmei, he encountered the Conspiracy of Hamaguri-gomon Gate and again lost everything including his house and a book on family tradition.

汽船業、鉄工所・製陶所の起業、山野の開墾・海浜の埋め立てなどの土木事業・百個以上の家屋の改築工事などである。
For example, the steamship business, flotation of an ironworks and a pottery, engineering enterprises including the cultivation of the countryside and the reclamation of the seashore, remodeling constructions of more than 100 houses and son on.

さて、そんな会所というものがどこにあったか、というと、主に、皇族、公家や武家屋敷内、有力寺院の境内であった。
So where were these Kaisho located? Well they were located mainly within the grounds of imperial families, kuge (court nobles), samurai residences, and big temple compounds.

この一帯は、豊臣秀吉の都市計画により公家屋敷が集中していた地域であったが、現存するのは冷泉家住宅のみである。
This section of the city was the area under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's city planning project in which nobles' mansions would be concentrated, but today, the Reizei residence is the only one remaining.

また大石瀬左衛門の母方の叔父太田加兵衛が吉良家屋敷の前主松平信望の家臣であることから、こちらとする説もある。
Others believe that it was Sazaemon OISHI's maternal uncle, Kahei OTA, since he used to be a retainer of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA, the previous owner of Kira's residence.

慶応4年（1868年）4月、江戸幕府は官軍に江戸城と大奥を明渡すことになり実成院とともに田安家屋敷へと移った。
In April 1868, since the Edo bakufu (Japanese Feudal government headed by a shogun) surrendered Edo Castle and Ooku to the government army, Kazunomiya moved to the Tayasu family residence with Jitsujoin.

障子（しょうじ）は、日本家屋における扉、窓に用いる建具の一つで、明かりを通すように木枠に紙張りになっているもの。
A shoji refers to a screen consisting of a wooden frame covered in paper allowing the passage of light, used as a sliding door or window in a Japanese house.

御木曳初式で運び入れられた役木の前に神饌を供え、家屋の守護神である屋船大神（やふねのおおかみ）に祝詞を奏上する。
The Shinsen (an offering of fruits, vegetables and sake) will be placed in front of the Yakugi that have been brought in during the Okihiki-zome-shiki, and Norito prayers are offered to Yafune no Okami, the guardian of buildings.

それらの家屋は、まつりごと（祭事・政事）や4世紀ごろの地域の首長の日常生活に使用されていたものと考えられている。
These houses are considered to have been used for rituals and political affairs, or for daily life of the local leaders around the 4th century.

京都では1459年旧暦8月に台風が直撃し、賀茂川が氾濫して多数の家屋が流出し、数え切れないほどの死者が出たほか、
In September (August in old lunar calendar) 1459, when a typhoon hit Kyoto, the Kamo-gawa River was flooded, sweeping away many houses and killing countless numbers of people.

また江戸は武家屋敷が多く点在し、上級武士が大口取引に主に小判を使用したことも江戸を中心として流通した一因である。
One of the reasons why Koban was circulated around Edo was there were many samurai residences in Edo and high-ranking warriors used mainly Koban in a large amount transactions.

このような一万石から二万石に相当する、豪壮な用心深い武家屋敷の、頑丈な雨戸が、芝居のように簡単に外れたはずがない。
It's hardly possible that the solid shutter in this princely and guarded samurai residence which had the power from 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) to 20,000 koku (approximately 3.6 million liters of crop yield) could be unfastened so easily like in a play.

これを受け、京都府が火災延焼を防ぐため御所周辺の空家となった公家屋敷を撤去して整備したのが京都御苑の始まりである。
In response to this order, Kyoto Prefecture removed empty residences of the nobility around the Imperial Palace as a precaution against fires which could spread due to the close proximity of the buildings, and developed Kyoto Gyoen National Garden.

苦しむ弥助を三五郎は出刃包丁で殺害し、高野家屋敷の絵図面を小万に、父の了心へ届けるようにと言って自害しようとする。
Since Yasuke keep suffering greatly, Sangoro kills him with a kitchen knife, and tries to commit suicide persuading Koman to deliver the drawing of the residence of the Kono family to his father Ryoshin.

これは現代でもみられる現象で、北日本の家屋では金属板葺き（瓦棒・平板（一文字など）など）、スレート葺きなどが多い。
This tendency is true at the present days, so more houses in northern Japan have metal plate roofing (a roof tile bar (semi-circular battens used for roofing) and flat roof tile (such as a straight line), etc.) and slate roofing.

平家の落人伝承を持つ徳島県三好市東祖谷（旧東祖谷山村）にも「武家屋敷」と呼ばれる住まいがある（外観は農家と同じ）。
There is a house called 'Buke Yashiki' in Higashiiya in Miyoshi City, Tokushima Prefecture, which has a legend about the survivors of the Taira family (its exterior appears to be a farmhouse).

寛永14年（1637年）の段階で大名屋敷68（うち西国系が48）・代官及びその他武家屋敷が60余り確認されている。
At the stage of 1637, 68 of the daimyo yashiki (mansion of a feudal lord) (including 48 of the Saigoku daimyo's)/over 60 of the Daikan's (rural intendants) and other Buke-yashiki (samurai residence) were identified.

侍町とは、家臣の屋敷いわゆる武家屋敷が建ち並ぶ町であり、基本的には身分の高い家臣ほど、城に近い位置に屋敷を持った。
Samurai towns were where the large estates of retainers, the so called Buke yashiki (samurai residence), were located and in general, retainers with higher position had a closer location to the castle.

明治以降は、現在の家屋ほどの天井高の2階をもつ住宅が表通りでも建てられるようになり、三階建の町屋や看板建築も現れた。
Since the Meiji period, two-storey merchant houses with the ceiling height similar to that of modern houses began to be built along main streets, and three-storey merchant houses and kanban kenchiku (typically, a two-story frame building serving dual purposes as a merchant residence and shop) also appeared.

また、当時は内風呂を持てるのは大身の武家屋敷に限られ、火事の多かった江戸の防災の点から内風呂は基本的に禁止されていた。
At that time, only the samurai residences of affluent persons could have home baths, and basically it was prohibited to have a home bath from the viewpoint of disaster prevention in Edo, where fires often occurred.

洋式家屋の一般となった現代では必ずしも必要ではないにもかかわらず、正座は日本人の伝統的な座り方として受け継がれている。
Even though sitting in seiza style is not always necessary in modern times when most houses are built in a western style, the seiza style is passed from one generation to another as a traditional Japanese way of sitting.

対面所（たいめんじょ）とは、室町時代以後の武家屋敷内に設置された施設で、主従関係にある者との対面儀礼の際に用いられた。
A taimenjo was a place provided in samurai residences since the Muromachi period, and was used during the meeting ceremony between master and servant.

鉄刀の中には、家形の環頭（かんとう）をつけた刀もあり、奈良県河合町の佐味田宝塚古墳出土の家屋文鏡の図形と類似している。
Some of the iron swords have a house-shaped ring pommel and the pattern is similar to that of Kaoku monkyo (icons of four types of house carved on the ancient mirror) excavated from Samida Takarazuka Kofun Tumulus in Kawai-cho, Nara Prefecture.

日本統治時代を経験した日本統治時代 (台湾)、日本統治時代の朝鮮、樺太といった地域では、現在でも日本家屋が現存している
In Taiwan, Korea, and Sakhalin, where Japan once ruled, Japanese-style houses still remain even today.

阿佐集落に、平家の末裔と言われる阿佐氏が居住し、平家屋敷や、平家のものと伝えられる赤旗（軍旗）が数百年前から現存する。
In Asa Village lives the Asa clan, which is said to be descended from the Taira family, and there are a Heike mansion and an akahata (battle flag) that are said to have been used by the Taira family and are several hundred years old.

公事・訴訟の取りさばきが主な任務であるが、商売繁盛の町方のことで「町中家屋敷・同地売買借入証文奥書印形」の責務があった。
The main duties of so-doshiyori included addressing matters concerning taxes and petitions but, with townspeople being affluent with flourishing business, they were also responsible for 'giving stamp of approval on inscription on contract for sale, purchase or rent of residence and/or land in town.'

打ちこわし（うちこわし）とは、江戸時代の民衆運動の形態のうち、不正を働いたとみなされた者の家屋などを破壊する行為のこと。
Uchikowashi refers to an action to destroy residences of the people who were considered to act wrong, and it was one of the patterns of grass-roots movements in the Edo period.

縁側（えんがわ）は、日本の日本の住宅に独特の構造で、家屋の建物の縁（へり）部分に張り出して設けられた板敷き状の通路である。
Engawa is a term used to refer to a wooden-floored corridor built along the outside of the house building, which is a structure unique to Japanese traditional houses.

戦闘の後、落ち延びる長州勢は長州藩屋敷に火を放ち逃走、会津勢も長州藩士の隠れているとされた中立売御門付近の家屋を攻撃した。
After the battle, the Choshu forces, who managed to escape, set fire to the Choshu estate in Kyoto and fled, while the Aizu forces attacked an estate near the Nakadachiuri Gate, thought to be where Choshu soldiers were hiding.

内部には宴享庁（使者の応接所）を中心に館主家、客館、東向寺、日本側の番所、酒屋、その他日本家屋が対馬藩によって建築された。
Inside it, with the reception office for envoys at the center, the house of the manager, a building for visitors, Toko-ji Temple, the Japanese guard house, liquor stores, and some other Japanese-style houses were constructed by the Tsushima clan.

飛鳥井家屋敷の跡にあたる白峯神宮の精大明神は蹴鞠の守護神であり、現在ではサッカーを中心としたスポーツ・芸能の神とされている。
The Sei-daimyojin (Energetic Great Gracious Deity) in Shiramine-jingu Shrine in the remains of the residential site of the Asukai family, was a patron saint of kemari, therefore now it is regarded as the god of sports and public entertainment centered on soccer.

日本の集落や家屋にみられる、自然との境界の曖昧さによる畏怖や、里山や鎮守の森のように自然と共にある生活が畏敬や感謝になった。
As seen in settlements and houses in Japan, fear caused by vague boundaries with nature, and life that coexists with nature, such as outskirts of country and sacred shrine forests, turned into reverence and appreciation.

また、その両側面の平地に設けた堀の内には、大手門のある北側に対面所や武家屋敷を、南側には蔵、馬屋、鷹部屋、庭園を配していた。
In the Horinouchi (inside the moat) where the land on both sides is flat, there was a meeting terrace and samurai houses to the north where Ote-mon Gate (main gate) was, and to the south, Kura (storehouses), Umaya (horse stables), Takabeya (falcon house), and a garden.

家臣は城下町に住むよう命じられ、狩野永徳の洛中洛外図屏風などから、都市建築（町屋、武家屋敷など）も発達してきたことが伺える。
Vassals were ordered to live in castle towns, and it is supposed, for example, from Rakuchu Rakugaizu Byobu (urban areas and suburbs of Kyoto, a folding screen) by Eitoku KANO, that buildings in urban areas (such as Machiya (traditional townhouses found mainly in Kyoto) and samurai residences) had progressed as well.

その花床にも、また地面にも、また家屋から道路までの間の狭い芝生にも、踏みしだかれたような形跡は全く認められなかったのであった。
Neither the flowers nor the earth showed any sign of having been disturbed, nor were there any marks upon the narrow strip of grass which separated the house from the road.

茅葺（かやぶき）とは、カヤ (草)（ススキやチガヤなど）を材料にして葺く家屋の屋根の構造の一つで、茅葺き屋根、茅葺屋根ともいう。
Kayabuki is a type of roof structure using kaya (grass) (Japanese pampas grass or cogon) as the material for thatching and is also called kaya-thatched roof.

奈良県内各所で江戸時代に建てられ実際に使われていた茅葺などの様々な建築様式の家屋（民家・土蔵）11件（15棟）を移築・展示している。
Houses (private houses and dozo warehouses [warehouses made of soil]) in various building styles, all of which were built in the Edo period and have been used in various places in Nara Prefecture, eleven items and 15 buildings in total, including thatched roof houses, were disassembled and reconstructed there, and are now exhibited there.

緑の中のあちこちに、宮殿のような建物がありましたが、わがイギリスの風景で実に特徴的な性質を形成している家屋や小屋は、消えていました。
Here and there among the greenery were palace-like buildings, but the house and the cottage, which form such characteristic features of our own English landscape, had disappeared.

江戸時代の江戸では、武家屋敷で発生した火災は大名と旗本が消火活動にあたり、町人の住む地域で火災は町人の手による消火活動が行われていた。
At Edo in the Edo Period, daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) battled the fires occurred at samurai residence, while merchants and craftsmen battled the fires occurred at the regions where they lived.

人又は家屋のない地域及び広い水面の上空にあつては、地上又は水上の人又は物件から百五十メートル以上の距離を保つて飛行することのできる高度
In the case of above an area without human beings or houses, an altitude at which an aircraft can continue flight while maintaining a distance of 150 meters or more from human beings or objects on the ground or on water.

尼崎藩での銀札の引き請けは、家屋敷・田畑を抵当に多額の資金を無利子で得るという形式をとっていたため希望者が多く、札元は数十人に上った。
Amagasaki Domain allowed guarantors of ginsatsu to borrow a large amount of money without any interest by mortgaging their houses and fields, so many people applied and there were dozens of guarantors.

戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代にかけて主従関係を基本とした武家間の身分秩序が重要視されると、武家屋敷の中心施設の1つとして重要視された。
As social order among samurai based on the master-servant relationship came to be considered important from the Sengoku period (the period of warring states) (Japan) to the Edo period, an importance was placed on the taimenjo as a core facility of samurai residences.

村（むら、そん）とは、集落や基礎自治体の一種で、第一次産業（農林漁業）に従事する者が多く、家屋の数と密集度が少ない地域を指す名称である。
Many residents of 村 engage in primary industry (agriculture, forestry and fishery).

貨幣経済の発達前には、近隣の協力を得て家屋を立てたことから、現在においても家を建てることを普請するともいうが、具体的には「家普請」という。
Before the development of a monetary economy, people built houses with the help of their neighbors, so even today building houses is referred to as fushin, or more specifically 'ya fushin' (construction of houses).

妻（つま）とは建物の中央や中心に対して他端を意味する端（つま）を語源とし、配偶者の呼び名の妻は家屋の「つまや」に居たことから名付けられた。
妻 (tsuma), which originates in 端 (tsuma), which indicates an end relative to the center or core of a building, and 妻, meaning wife, has come to be used, because the wife used to live in a room on the Tsuma side.

彼らの中に乏しい者は、ひとりもいなかった。地所や家屋を持っている人たちは、それを売り、売った物の代金をもってきて、 (使徒行伝 4:34)
For neither was there among them any who lacked, for as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them, and brought the proceeds of the things that were sold, (Acts 4:34)

しかしながら、単なる商工身分の者全般を町人と呼ぶわけではなく、特にブルジョワ階級である旦那衆のことを指し、家屋敷を所有する者のことを言う。
It must be noted that the term was not used for all the people classified in artisans and merchants classes but referred to the owners and the masters who made up the bourgeoisie and possessed their own estates.

古くは誕生蟇目・産屋の引目・射越の引目などと称し、胎児の健康、成長祈願や家屋の屋根を越えるように蟇目矢を放ち邪を払い魔を退散させるなどした。
In ancient times, Hikimeya were shot at turning points of a life; on a baby's birthday for praying for the baby's growth; on entering into a birth room for praying for an unborn baby's health; Hikimeya was shot over the roof of a house when moving into the house in order to remove negative vibes and to drive off evil spirits;

これと同じように、内でもなければ外でもないという縁側に、空間を仕切る意識が希薄な日本家屋空間独特の曖昧さの構造を見るという文化論も語られる。
In a similar manner, it is sometimes said that an ambiguous characteristic unique to Japanese houses, in which intention to clearly partition spaces is weak, can also be found in Engawa, which is not totally outside the building but not totally inside the building either.

人物は下ぶくれの顔に細い横線を引いて目とし、鼻を鉤かぎ状に描く「引目鉤鼻」の手法で描かれ、家屋は屋根や天井を省略した吹抜け屋台となっている。
People were painted in the style of 'hikime-kagihana,' where a person had a full-cheeked face, thin horizontal lines as eyes and a hook-shaped nose, and a house was painted in the fukinuke-yatai style in which roofs and ceilings were omitted.

単純に靴を脱ぐための場所と位置付けられ、伝統的な土間の重要な機能であった生業の作業空間という要素は、生活家屋内から排除されていることが多い。
It is simply a place to remove shoes and the important function of the traditional doma, which was to provide work space for gaining earnings, is now generally excluded from the living quarters in the house.

人又は家屋の密集している地域の上空にあつては、当該航空機を中心として水平距離六百メートルの範囲内の最も高い障害物の上端から三百メートルの高度
In the case of a space over a densely populated area with human beings or houses, an altitude higher by 300 meters than the top edge of the highest object located within an area with a horizontal distance of 600 meters with the aircraft at its center.

また、伝統的農村家屋では用途によって板をはめて板の間として使用したり、板をはずして土間として使用したりするスペースが設けられていることもある。
In addition, a space which can be used as a wooden floor room by laying wooden plates but also used as a doma without the wooden plates are found in some traditional houses in rural areas.

また、朝廷や幕府が臨時的な事業（御所造営など）のため田の面積に応じて賦課した段銭や、家屋ごとに賦課した棟別銭の徴収は、守護が行うこととされた。
Additionally, the shugo were granted the right to collect the tansen, a tax imposed in proportion to the area by the Imperial Court or the shogunate for the contingent project (for example, building the palace) and to collect the munebetsu-sen, a tax imposed on each house.

享保年間には更に職務が拡大され、寺社の管理や町役人の交替及び家屋敷の売買に関する吟味、祭事の際の警備、罪人の捕縛・吟味への参加なども担当した。
During the Kyoho era (1716-1735), the duties of Machidai were expanded to cover supervising temples and shrines, examination of replacement of the town officials and purchase and sale of an estate, guard at festivals and events, arrest of a criminal, participation in city magistrates' examination, and so on.

東端の区間である川端通から堀川通の間は、第二次世界大戦時に沿道にあった家屋を防火帯として強制疎開させた跡なので、8車線の広い通りとなっている。
The eastern-end section between Kawabata-dori Street and Horikawa-dori Street is eight lanes wide because, during World War II, houses along the street were forced to move in order to create a fire-blocking belt.

大屋津姫命の神名の「屋」とは、家屋の事であり、彼女が樹木を司る神であると同時に、樹木から作られる建造物、家屋や船などの神である事を示している。
One of the Chinese characters in her name means 'home,' which indicates that, as well as the goddess of trees, she is also the goddess of things made of wood including buildings, homes and ships.

これに対して、大社造はほぼ正方形の古典的な日本家屋に近い「田の字」形であることから、祭祀の場に使われていた宮殿が社殿に発展したと考えられている。
Conversely, taisha-zukuri style buildings use the shape of the Chinese character 田, which is square and close to that of traditional Japanese houses, and accordingly it is considered that shrine buildings using this style developed from palaces that had been used for religious services.

わたしが見たのはすばらしい家屋に住んで、華々しく着飾った人類でしたが、いまのところかれらが何ら労働にいそしんでいるところは見あたりませんでした。
I saw mankind housed in splendid shelters, gloriously clothed, and as yet I had found them engaged in no toil.

江戸の町は、大きく分けて見ると江戸城の西に広がる山の手の武家屋敷と、東の隅田川をはじめとする数々の河川・堀に面した庶民の町（下町）に大別される。
The town of Edo was roughly categorized into an uptown area west of Edo Castle where samurai lived, and a downtown (shitamachi) area facing several rivers and moats beginning with the Sumidagawa riverwhere commoners lived.

日本では国際単位系の単位を使用しているが、日本の住環境に適した尺度として、日本家屋の設計基準としては、尺を基準として使われることが一般的である。
Japan now uses the units of the International Unit System, but it generally uses the shaku as a basic scale for designing Japanese-style houses, regarding the shaku as a scale appropriate to Japanese living environment.

今日でも日本家屋の設計の際に用いられる「間」には、東日本を中心として使われる江戸間（田舍間）と、西日本を中心として使われる京間（本間）とがある。
Even today 'ken' used for designing Japanese houses has two sizes, 'Edoma' (Inakama) used mainly in eastern Japan and 'Kyoma' (Honma) used mainly in western Japan.

「生家」と呼ばれるが、江戸時代の家屋が現存しているのではなく、永谷家の屋敷のあった場所に、実際の家屋よりも小さい茅葺きの建物を新たに建てたもの。
Although it is called his 'birthplace,' it is not a house of the Edo period, but this facility, which stands where the Nagatani family's house used to be, is a smaller newly built house with a thatched roof than the family's house.

衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣類、器具、家屋その他の物件は民俗文化財と定義されている。
Folk cultural properties are defined as being the folk customs, public entertainments and traditional skills, and the associated costumes, tools and stages related to the indispensables such as foods, clothing, housings, livelihoods, beliefs and annual events.

一方、江戸城とその堀が幕府から大名に課せられた普請によって整備され、江戸城は巨大な堅城に生まれ変わり、城と武家屋敷を取り巻く広大な惣構が構築された。
Meanwhile, the Edo Castle and its moats were renovated by daimyo who were consigned to labor by the government, and the castle was reborn as a massive, hardened citadel, and big defense facilities were also constructed in a way to surround the Castle and samurai residences.

京都の町代を務めた古久保家の記録によれば、焼失した町1,424・焼失家屋36,797（65,340世帯相当）・焼失寺院201・焼失神社37とされる。
According to the records of the Furukubo family who served as the Kyoto chodai (town officials who assist government officials called Machi Doshiyori or Machi Nanushi in the Edo Period), the fire ravaged an area of 1,424 towns and destroyed 36,797 houses (equivalent to 65,340 families), 201 Buddhist temples and 37 shrines.

家財の略奪なども行われたが、一方で正当な制裁行為であることを主張するために、家屋の破壊だけにとどめ略奪や放火は厳に戒められた事例も多く知られている。
Household articles were also looted, but on the other hand, there are many known cases that Uchikowashi was restricted only to destroying residences and looting and setting fire were strictly forbidden to insist it was a justifiable sanction.

家康は江戸城本城の拡張は一定程度に留める代わりに城下町の建設を進め、神田山を削り、日比谷入江を盛んに埋め立てて町を広げ、家臣と町民の家屋敷を配置した。
Ieyasu prioritized the construction of the surrounding castletown over the expansion of the main castle enclosure by levelling Mt. Kado and reclaiming the Hibiya inlet to expand the habitable areas and build residences for vassals and townspeople.

城下に入ると幹線道路の両脇に家屋を隙間なく配置させることで城を見え難くして、道を鍵形に曲げたり袋小路を設けるなどすることで、城への到達距離を延長した。
Within the joka, houses were located on both sides of the main route to make it hard to see the castle and made the distance to the castle longer by making many bends in the roads and dead-ends.

江戸時代には、(1)田畑と(2)家屋敷地を所持し(検地帳名請人)、(3)年貢と(4)諸役の両方を負担する者を百姓(本百姓・役家)とした('初期本百姓')。
In the Edo period, a person who possessed (1) a field and (2) a house and land (farmer described in the cadastral register) and paid both (3) nengu and (4) miscellaneous taxes was regarded as hyakusho (hon-byakusho [peasant] or yakuya [peasants]) ('early hon-byakusho').

三郷および近在の農民に至るまで、その所有する家屋敷、土蔵、諸株、髪結床その他を質物に書き入れ、金銀貸借する時はかならず証文を差配所に提出し、奥印を請けた。
Farmers in Sango and nearby villages, borrowers had to write down their possessions such as houses, storehouses, various shares, barber shop in possesion and so on, and when they borrowed gold and silver, they had to submit a deed with a seal of approval to the Sahaisho.

倒壊家屋が多かったため、地震後の復興景気により大工や木材商が莫大な利益を上げたことを風刺し、これらの職人や商人がナマズに感謝する姿を題材にしたものもある。
Because a large number of houses were destroyed and carpenters and lumber dealers earned a tremendous amount of profits thanks to a booming restoration economy after the earthquake, there ware also prints that satirized this and show carpenters and lumber dealers thanking a catfish.

正蔵は仕事で他家を訪問するごとに、家屋や庭園、さらに床の間の書画、置物、装飾品にいたるまで、深い注意を払うのを常とし、これがおのずから美術鑑賞眼を養った。
As Shozo visited other houses for his work, he paid close attention not only to the houses and gardens but also to the calligraphic works, paintings, ornaments, and decorations displayed in the tokonoma, which helped to develop his eye for arts.

こうした茶室の構造は敷地の広い寺院や武家屋敷にも取り入れられるようになり、中潜りや腰掛待合とつくばいを備えた現在の茶席に見るような様式化した茶庭が成立する。
Such configuration of tea rooms was also incorporated in temples and samurai residences with huge premises, and the Chatei stylized as in the current tea ceremony is equipped with Nakakuguri (a type of middle gate used to divide an outer tea garden from an inner tea garden), Koshikake-Machiai, and Tsukubai.

ますます多くの家がコンクリートで作られるようになり、コンクリートの家は木造の家屋ほど簡単には燃えないため、火事は今は以前ほど恐ろしいものではなくなっている。
Fires are less frightening today than they once were, because more and more houses are built of concrete, and concrete houses do not burn as easily as the old wooden ones.

幕末の動乱は藪内家にもおよび、元治元年（1864年）の兵火で家屋は全て焼失しているが、真翁以来の庇護者であった西本願寺の援助によって速やかに復旧を遂げている。
The Yabunouchi family was also affected by the upheaval of the end of the Edo period, and the residence was completely burnt down during fighting in 1864; however, it was soon rebuilt thanks to the support of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, which had been its benefactor since the Shino's time.

現存している茅葺き屋根の家屋の多くが江戸時代中頃から末期にかけて建てられたものであり、昔話に出てくる民家を思わせる屋根形状が特徴である「北山型民家」に分類される。
Many of the existing thatched-roofed houses were built between the mid and late-Edo period that are classified as the 'Kitayama-style houses,' characterized by the shape of roof reminding one of houses in folk tales.

同書で折衷式の庭の様子がよくわかり、渋沢栄一の邸宅愛依村荘は広大な敷地の中に日本家屋と洋館が建ち並び、洋風と和風の庭園、また茶室と茶庭を兼ね備えていることがわかる。
In this book, gardens that combine Japanese and Western styles of architecture are detailed, and it is understood that the residence of Eiichi SHIBUSASWA, Aii-sonso (Aii country house) has both Japanese and Western houses, a Western style garden as well as Japanese style garden, and a tea ceremony room and a garden around a tea house.

明治天皇が明治2年（1869年）東京へ移った後、公家屋敷などが広がっていた京都御所周辺は荒廃し、この状況を嘆いた天皇は、明治10年（1877年）御所の保存を命じた。
After the Emperor Meiji moved to Tokyo in 1869, the area around the Kyoto Imperial Palace where residences of the nobility existed fell into ruin, and the Emperor who grieved over this situation ordered the preservation of the Imperial Palace in 1877.

建物を下るにつれて、地上が窓に迫ってきて、やがてそれぞれの窓の前に、ロンドンの家屋の地下勝手口じみた穴蔵ができており、日光はてっぺんの細い線から入ってくるだけでした。
As you went down the length, the ground came up against these windows, until at last there was a pit like the 'area' of a London house before each, and only a narrow line of daylight at the top.

英語表記の一つ「pit-house」は、厳密には、竪穴式住居のうちで、屋根以外は、竪穴自体で構成されている、つまり竪穴に屋根を被せた形の家屋ないしは住居のことをいう。
Strictly speaking, the English term 'pit-house' is used to describe the type of tateana-shiki dwelling which, except for the thatched roof, consists solely of the dug-up depression, that is, a dwelling that is a depression in the ground covered with a roof.

玄関正面には舞良戸が嵌められていたが、武家屋敷の場合は必ずその横桟の横舞良子の幅を三センチ以上の太いものを、七本から九本くらいの粗さにして、重厚で厳格な表現をしている。
At the front of the entrance, Mairado was used, and in the case of a samurai residence, 7 to 10 thick cross rails, i.e., yoko-mairako (mairako affixed horizontally), of more than 3 cm wide, were used roughly, expressing stateliness and severity.

徳長は1911年に引退し爵位を長子東坊城政長が継いだが、1922年徳長の没後、翌1923年の関東大震災によって東京の家屋敷は半壊、東坊城家はそれを手放す憂き目に遭った。
Yoshinaga retired in 1911, and his eldest son, Masanaga HIGASHIBOJO, succeeded to the title and the court rank, but in 1923 a year after Yoshinaga's death in 1922, the family's residence in Tokyo was half-destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and the Higashibojo family found itself in the unfortunate position of having to relinquish its estate.

また鳥の生息状況を見ると称して、武家屋敷・大名屋敷に入ることもあったことや、その職責からして80俵5人扶持は大きいことから、諜報部員としての側面があったとも言われている。
Due to instances of the torimi entering the premises of samurai and daimyo estates in order to 'inspect the bird habitat' and also due to the exceptionally large stipend of 80 bales of rice, it has been said that the torimi served as intelligence officers as well.

衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.

そもそものムナギの語源には、家屋の「棟木（むなぎ）」のように丸くて細長いから、胸が黄色い「胸黄（むなぎ）」から、料理の際に胸を開く「むなびらき」から、など、いろいろな説がある。
There are various theories on the origin of the word munagi, ranging from those that say that eels are round and slender just like a 'munagi' (ridgepole), their chests are yellow as in 'munagi' (yellow chest), and the chest is slit open upon cooking as in 'munabiraki' (opening the chest), among others.

（ただし、本来は人身に対する名別であり、在家別のような家屋（及び附属する宅地・田畠・住民をセットとする）に基づく賦課や反別のような土地に基づく賦課は後世に発生したものである）。
(Tax was originally imposed on a person, but the imposition of tax on a person's house (including adjacent residential land, fields and residents) and that on the area of a person's rice field were established in later generations.)

道具として代表的なものが鳶口でありこの事からも町火消（延焼家屋を曳き倒すときに使う）、梯子乗り（梯子を支えるのに使う）、木遣り（木をやりまわすのに必要）とは不可分であると言える。
The main tool used by tobishoku was tobiguchi (a firefighter's hook), meaning that it is linked to machihikeshi or fire brigade (used when demolishing fire-spread houses), hashigonori or ladder-top performers (used when supporting the ladder) or kiyari or heavy load pullers (used when carrying the log).

古民家には、その使用目的や時代、地域、気候など諸条件によって多くの建築様式があり、使用目的に限っても農家、庄屋屋敷、一般民家（都市部の民家）、商家、武家民家、建家屋敷などがある。
There are many styles of kominka architecture depending on the purpose, period, region, climate and other factors, and there is considerable variety just within their function, being used as farm houses, the residences of village headmen, ordinary urban houses, mercantile houses, residences of samurai families and so on.

（江戸時代の）武家の住まい（武家屋敷）と「武家造」を混同し、観光地の案内などで玄関、式台のある住まいを武家造と称していることがあるが、これは混乱を招く使い方であり、適切ではない。
Information at sightseeing spots occasionally call a residence with an entrance and shikidai (step in a Japanese entranceway) as 'Buke-zukuri style,' confusing 'Buke-yashiki,' (a samurai residence in the Edo period) with 'Buke-zukuri style,' but this is not the correct usage.

辻・トリイ前地区でほぼ南北に2×3間の掘立柱建物とその南に東西に並ぶ柵列が、太田南飛塚地区で家屋倒壊遺構が、巻野内家ツラ地区で1×1間の小家屋と2×2間の総柱の建物が検出されている。
In Tsuji/Tori front areas, the remains of some constructions have been discovered including an all-pillared building measuring 3.6 meters x 5.45 meters spanning in south-north orientation along with a line of a fence extending in east-west orientation; in Ota Minamitobizuka area, a sign of collapsed building was discovered; in Makinouchi Ietsura area, a small building measuring 1.8 meters x 1.8 meters, and another all-pillared building measuring 3.6 meters x 3.6 meters have been discovered.

次第に本百姓の分家や隷属民の '自立' 化が進み、17世紀の半ば以降には、村請制村落が確立していき、(1)田畑や(2)家屋敷地を所持する高持百姓が本百姓であると観念されるようになった。
Gradually, hon-byakusho was branched and subordinate people became 'independent,' and in the middle of the 17th century and thereafter, villages of the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment) were established and a farmer called takamochi-byakusho (a person managing a farm by employing farm workers) who possessed (1) a field and (2) a house and land came to be recognized, as hon-byakusho.

しかし、当時の旅の中心は徒歩であり、稲荷神社（現在の伏見稲荷大社）をはじめ沿道に名所が多いこの道は、観光の道として旅人の往来が多く、沿道には京から伏見に掛けて家屋が連担し、にぎわいを見せた。
In those days, however, people commonly travel by foot, and the Fushimi-kaido Road, with the Inari-jinja Shrine (present Fushimi-Inari Taisha Shrine) and many other sightseeing spots was busy with sightseers who travelled along the road and many houses were found in around Kyo and Fushimi.

社会基盤がもっと整備されると、市街の神社や寺や門などから、伝統的な日本家屋の道と敷地の間の垣根や、屋外にあった便所や納戸や蔵、住居と外部を仕切る雨戸や障子なども、常世と現世の端境と考えられた。
Once social infrastructures were further improved, many things were considered as boundaries between tokoyo and utsushiyo, from shrines, temples and gates of cities to hedges that separate the streets from the premises of traditional Japanese houses, bathrooms, storage rooms and storage shelters located outside the house, and even amado (wooden shutters constructed at the various openings of a building) and shoji (paper-covered sliding screens) that separate the house from the outside.

また町火消の消火活動自体が、延焼家屋やその周辺の家屋を素早く曳き倒し（解体、壊す）防火帯をつくるという荒っぽい作業であったが、その緊急時、危険な場所での技術が解体業の礎になったことは否めない。
Speaking of firefighting activities performed by machihikeshi, the activities were regarded as rough works involving the prompt demolition of fire-spread houses and their neighboring houses to create fire lines, and it is undeniable that such techniques used in dangerous areas in emergencies became the cornerstone of demolition work.

そして慶応元年（1865年）、佐賀藩が長崎の五島町にあった諌早藩士山本家屋敷を改造した佐賀藩校英学塾「致遠館」（校長：宣教師グイド・フルベッキ）にて、副島種臣と共に教頭格となって指導に当たった。
He moved to 'Chienkan school' (the principal was a missionary named Guido Herman Fridolin VERBEEK), which was a Saga Domain school to learn Western studies in English, remodelled the residence of the feudal retainer of the Isahaya clan Yamamoto family in Goto Town, Nagasaki, and served along with Taneomi SOEJIMA with the same rank of vice-principal.

新島襄によって1876年（明治9年）に京都御苑内の元公家屋敷（大正天皇の生母の実家の柳原家）で、当時は同志社教師デーヴィス氏が住んでいた邸内に設立された同志社女子部（後の同志社女学校）を前身とする。
Joseph Hardy Neesima (Jo NIIJIMA) opened a school for girls in 1876 (later called the Doshisha Girls' School), which was ultimately the predecessor of the Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts. The school was within the Kyoto Imperial Palace Park, and it was also the residence of the Doshisha's teacher Davis, in which former court nobility (the Yanagihara family, from which Emperor Taisho's mother came) had lived.

天明8年（1788年）、天明の大火に遭遇、家屋敷を失うが、他の千家十職がそれまでの家伝や資料なども失った家が多かったのに対し、黒田家は倉だけは焼け残ったため、比較的古い資料を現代まで伝える結果となる。
In 1788, he lost his estate during the Great Fire of Tenmei, but thanks to warehouse of the Kuroda family which survived, old materials have been passed down through the family to this day, while most of other Senke Jisshoku lost their family traditions and materials.

どうぞ、あなたがたは、きょうにも彼らの田畑、ぶどう畑、オリブ畑および家屋を彼らに返し、またあなたがたが彼らから取っていた金銭、穀物、ぶどう酒、油などの百分の一を返しなさい」。 (ネヘミヤ書 5:11)
Please restore to them, even this day, their fields, their vineyards, their olive groves, and their houses, also the hundredth part of the money, and of the grain, the new wine, and the oil, that you are charging them.' (Nehemiah 5:11)

設備方面ではイギリス人ウィリアム・バードンにより台湾の上下水道が設計されたほか、道路改善、秋の強制清掃、家屋の換気奨励、伝染病患者の強制隔離、予防注射の実施など公共衛生改善のための政策が数多く採用された。
As for public health facilities in Taiwan, in addition to the water and sewage system designed by a British engineer William Burdon, many policies were adopted to improve public health, such as the improvement of streets, compulsory cleaning in the autumn, encouragement of ventilation in houses, quarantine of the patients with infectious diseases.

三　衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの（以下「民俗文化財」という。)
3. The indispensables in order for our nationals to appreciate the flow of life (such as food, clothing, housings, industry or livelihood, beliefs, folk customs about festivals, public entertainments, and traditional skills with the associated costumes, tools and stages) (such indispensables being hereinafter referred to as folk cultural properties)

この方式では、まず、家屋、ビルなどが直接面している通りの名を先に言い、その後に直近で交差する通りの名を付記し、「上る」（あがる）、「下る」（さがる）、「東入」（ひがしいる）、「西入」（にしいる）等と表記する。
According to this method, the street name which a house or a building directly faces is being mentioned first, and then a name of an intersecting street in the nearest area is added, followed by the expressions such as 'Agaru' (to the north of), 'Sagaru' (to the south of), 'Higashiiru' (to the east of) and 'Nishiiru' (to the west of).

（古墳時代前期前半の2×3間で床面積約23平方メートルの建物、家屋倒壊遺構と黒漆塗りの弧文を持つ木製品、1×1間の小家屋と2×2間の総柱建物と弧文黒漆塗木製品、纏向玉城宮跡の石碑、宮殿居館の存在が疑われる。)
(Those remains excavated in this area are considered to be produced in the first half of the early Tumulus period, constructed in about 23 square meters in 3.6 meters x 5.45 meters dimention, and also some other accompanying remains have been excavated including; an archeological feature representing a sign of a collapsed building, along with a wooden artifact in black lacquer with arc patterns; a small building measuring 1.8 meters x 1.8 meters; another 3.6 meters x 3.6 meters all-pillared building along with black lacquered, arc patterned wooden relics; it may be inferred from these artifacts that buildings of a major palace existed at this location.)

その後、これら武士の子孫を中心として「三十三人衆」と呼ばれる地主層が形成され、「かんじん」と呼ばれた小作人（名子小作）たちは田畑はもちろん、家屋敷から農具に至るまで旦那衆から借り受けて生計を立てなくてはならなかった。
In later years, the landowner class called Sanju-san-nin shu was formed mainly by the offspring of these samurai warriors, and kosakunin (nago kosaku (tenant farmers of a lower class)) called kanjin had to borrow not only rice fields and vegetable fields but also houses and farm tools from masters in order to earn a living.

諸藩における商品調達および年貢米売却などの代金の管理、また国許および武家屋敷への送金、さらに資金が不足した場合の貸付、いわゆる「大名貸」を行う役職は掛屋（かけや）と呼ばれ、大手両替商の中から任命されることが多かった。
A position called 'Kakeya' in domain was in charge of procuring goods, managing the proceeds from selling rice collected as annual taxes, transferring money to the countries and lords' residences, and 'daimyo-gashi' or lending money to feudal lords in case of fund shortage, and powerful exchangers were often appointed as kakeya.

中世では通常、平屋で板葺き切妻屋根に土壁の家屋が建てられ、江戸初期には、建ちの低い2階（厨子二階〈つしにかい〉）を備え、袖卯建（そでうだつ）を上げた家屋が標準化し、瓦葺き、漆喰塗籠めの壁を持つ町屋は1600年代末に現れる。
In the medieval period, merchant houses were usually one-storied with a gabled shingle-roof and clay walls, whereas, in the early Edo period, those with low-ceilinged second floor (tsushi nikai or loft) and sodeudatsu (extensions of the gable parapet walls that fill the trapezoidal space between the overhanging eaves of the main roof and the pent roof) became standard and houses with tile roofs and stucco walls appeared in the end of the 1600s.

法別表第一の二の表の法律・会計業務の項の下欄に掲げる活動|申請人が弁護士、司法書士、土地家屋調査士、外国法事務弁護士、公認会計士、外国公認会計士、税理士、社会保険労務士、弁理士、海事代理士又は行政書士としての業務に従事すること。
Legal/Accounting Services|The applicant must engage in duties as an attorney (bengoshi), judicial scrivener (shihoushoshi), land and house investigator (tochikaokuchousashi), registered foreign lawyer (gaikokuhou jimu bengoshi), certified public accountant (koninkaikeishi), foreign certified public accountant registered in Japan (gaikoku kouninkaikeishi), certified tax accountant (zeirishi), public consultant on social and labor insurance (shakaihokenroumushi), patent attorney (benrishi), maritime procedure agent (kaijidairishi), or administrative scrivener (gyouseishoshi).

中世における家門とは、家督を有する当主とその管領（管理）のもとにある家業・家職・家記（日記）・家屋・寺院・道具及びその共有者である当主夫婦・親子を中心とした親族集団を指し、家門そのものも家督とともに継承される性質のものであった。
The term for family in the Medieval Age referred to a kinship group that was mainly composed of the family head who owned the family estate and the family business, trade, record (diary), their house, temple and tools under his reign (control), as well as his wife and children, who were the joint owners; the family itself, as well as the family estate, was succeeded to the descendents.

集落内の親族関係が密接で本家分家体制が強固なところでは、一族がそろって本家に集まり祭祀をする「一門屋敷神」であるが、親族同士の関係が弱まり、希薄になると、本家に一族がそろって祭祀を行なうことはなくなり、「本家屋敷神」の状態となる。
In places in which relationships by blood and marriage are close and the main and branch family system is firmly rooted in the community, the entire family gathers in the main house to worship the 'clan yashiki-gami', but as family relationships weaken and members grow apart, the practice of gathering in the main house to worship becomes replaced by worshipping a 'main family yashik-gami'.

外国法人が有する土地若しくは土地の上に存する権利又は家屋（以下この号において「土地家屋等」という。）に係る法第百六十一条第三号に掲げる対価で、当該土地家屋等を自己又はその親族の居住の用に供するために借り受けた個人から支払われるもの
A consideration listed in Article 161(iii) of the Act for the land or any right on land or a house (hereinafter referred to as 'land or house, etc.' in this item) held by a foreign corporation, which is paid by an individual who has leased the said land or house, etc. for the purpose of using it as his/her own residence or his/her relative's residence.

なお、米軍統治の歴史があり、気候の関係上木造や鉄骨造の家屋の少ない沖縄では、鉄筋コンクリート造の集合住宅も一般にアパートと呼ばれており、マンションという用語は主として日本本土の資本により近年建造された高層住宅に対してのみ用いられる。
However, in Okinawa, which was once under the rule of U.S. forces and has few wooden or steel-framed houses from the beginning due to its climate, the reinforced concrete collective housing is generally called 'apart' as well, and the term 'mansion' is mainly used to refer to the high-rise housings constructed in recent years by the capital of Japan's mainland.

物語絵巻は、『枕草子』『伊勢物語』『源氏物語』『宇治拾遺物語』などを、独特の表現で描写し、特に『源氏物語絵巻』は、濃厚な色彩で貴族の生活を描き、家屋は屋根を省略した吹抜屋台で描かれていて、当時の住居の状況や建具の使用状況などが一望できる。
These monogatari-emaki (illustrated scrolls of tales) could depict in their own way of expression such stories as of 'Makura no Soshi' (the Pillow Book), 'Ise Monogatari' (the Tales of Ise), 'Genji Monogatari' (the Tale of Genji), 'Uji Shui Monogatari' (a collection of the Tales from Uji) and others, and especially 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (illustrated scrolls of the Tale of Genji) was drawn in rich colors to show the lives of noble class people, by using a special compositional technique called fukinuki-yatai which is useful to depict a residential interior without a roof and ceiling so that viewers can see overall conditions of the residence and furniture of that time.

非居住者又は外国法人が有する土地若しくは土地の上に存する権利又は家屋（以下この号において「土地家屋等」という。）に係る法第百六十一条第三号に掲げる対価で、当該土地家屋等を自己又はその親族の居住の用に供するために借り受けた個人から支払われるもの
A consideration listed in Article 161(iii) of the Act for the land or any right on land or a house (hereinafter referred to as 'land or house, etc.' in this item) held by a nonresident or foreign corporation, which is paid by an individual who has leased the said land or house, etc. for the purpose of using it as his/her own residence or his/her relative's residence.

この埃は、観察してみるといい、道端でつく砂や灰色の埃ではなく、家屋の茶色い埃であり、この帽子がほぼ常に室内にかけられていることが分かるし、また内側の湿気の跡は、持ち主がきわめてさかんに汗をかく人物でありほとんど体を鍛えていない人物である可能性を裏づけている」
This dust, you will observe, is not the gritty, gray dust of the street but the fluffy brown dust of the house, showing that it has been hung up indoors most of the time, while the marks of moisture upon the inside are proof positive that the wearer perspired very freely, and could therefore, hardly be in the best of training.'

加えて1953年（昭和28年）9月25日の昭和28年台風第13号を起因とする由良川の氾濫は、最高水位が7.8mにもなる大量の水が福知山市街地全域を水浸しにし、市内で死者は約40名、負傷者は約900名、家屋全壊、半壊ともに1100戸以上、床上浸水においては5300戸以上もの被害をもたらした。
In addition, the overflow of the Yura-gawa River caused on September 25, 1953 by typhoon No.13 in 1953 (twentieth year of the Showa period), resulting in a large volume of water with a floodmark as high as 7.8 m covering the entire urban area of Fukuchiyama, resulting in approximately 940 casualties including approximately 40 deaths, and at least 1,100 demolished and partially-destroyed houses, with at least 5,300 houses flooded above floor level.

弁護士法（昭和二十四年法律第二百五号）、司法書士法（昭和二十五年法律第百九十七号）又は土地家屋調査士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号）の規定による懲戒処分により、弁護士会からの除名又は司法書士若しくは土地家屋調査士の業務の禁止の処分を受けた者でこれらの処分を受けた日から三年を経過しないもの
a person who was expelled from a bar association or prohibited from practicing as a juridical scrivener or a land and house investigator as a disciplinary action under the Attorney Act (Act No. 205 of 1949), the Juridical Scrivener Act (Act No. 197 of 1950) or the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No. 228 of 1950), respectively, where three years have not elapsed from the day on which such action was taken against him/her; or

たくさんの木々が生い茂る公園内には、京都御所、仙洞御所、京都大宮御所、宮内庁京都事務所、皇宮警察本部京都護衛署などの宮内庁・皇宮警察関連の施設をはじめ、九条邸の拾翠亭などの数少ない公家屋敷の遺構、公園の管理を行う環境省京都御苑管理事務所のほか、グラウンドやテニスもあり、市民の憩いの場になっている。
Kyoto Gyoen is a relaxing place for citizens with abundant trees, together with facilities related to the Imperial Household Agency and Imperial Guard such as the Kyoto Imperial Palace, Sento Imperial Palace, Kyoto Omiya Imperial Palace, Kyoto Office of the Imperial Household Agency and Kyoto Guard Station of the Imperial Guard Headquarters, several remains of residences of the nobility such as Shusui-Tei which used to be Kujo House, Kyoto Gyoen National Garden Office, Ministry of the Environment which manages the garden, and athletic facilities such as a playground and tennis court.

そしてヘブロン[22]では、特に聖アル・イブラヒミ寺院での事件[23]、そしてイブラヒミ寺院のキリヤット・アルバア地区[24]に入植地を作るために起こされた、市街にある「キリスト教徒の谷」の歴史的な古代家屋の破壊、そしてまたウエスト・バンクやガザ地区、その他の町や村々の我々の難民キャンプでの出来事……。
and like Hebron especially what happened at the Holy Al Ibrahimi Mosque and the destruction of the historic and ancient houses of the city's 'Christian Valley,' in order to make the settlement of Kreat Arba' part of the Ibrahimi Mosque, and as also happened at our refugee camps in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and other towns and villages.

内城の堀の外は東の大手門下から和田倉門外に譜代大名の屋敷、南の桜田門の外に外様大名の屋敷と定められ、西の半蔵門外から一ツ橋門、神田橋門外に至る台地に旗本・御家人が住まわされ、さらに武家屋敷地や大名屋敷地の東、常盤橋・呉服橋・鍛冶橋・数寄屋橋から隅田川、江戸湾に至るまでの日比谷埋立地方面に町人地が広げられた。
Residences of fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa clan) were built on the western outskirts of the interior castle moat between the Oote-mon and Wadakura-mon gates, an area south of the Sakurada-mon gate was designated the residence of the tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), and Hatamoto and Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were housed on a hillside stretching between the outskirts of the western Hanzo-mon gate to Hitotsubashi-mon and Kandabashi-mon gates; choninchi (residential and commercial areas for townspeople) the reclaimed lands in Hibiya stretched between Tokiwa-bashi Bridge, Gofuku-bashi Bridge, Kaji-bashi Bridge, Sukiya-bashi Bridge, Sumida-gawa River and the Edo Bay.

そのほか、武家住宅の実態は今日でも十分解明されているとはいい難いが、およそは一棟あるいは棟続きの家屋の中に武士の詰所である遠侍や表座敷としての寝殿、対面所、客間として出居、公文所、居間などの諸室を配して周囲には堅固な塀や堀をめぐらすほか、小規模な家屋に対座して庭空間も寝殿造に比して小面積で、中門や車寄せの前庭が寝殿造の広庭にとってかわり、内庭が分化して鑑賞本位になっているとみられ、この基本構成は室町まで踏襲されている。
Additionally, although the details of samurai residences are still not clear to this day, a typical residence consisted of the following up until the Muromachi period: In one building or a building with annexes, various rooms, such as a tosaburai (tosamurai), where samurai gathered, a shinden and taimen-jo (meeting place), where the samurai spent their days, Dei (Idei) as a guest room, Kumonjo (Office of Administration) and a living room, were placed with strong walls and moats surrounding the buildings, and the garden are was also smaller in comparison with Shinden-zukuri style, matching the smaller-sized buildings, and a front garden with a Chumon gate and entranceway was placed instead of the large garden typical of Shinden-zukuri style, and inside courtyard was divided into smaller sections mainly for viewing.

弁理士法（平成十二年法律第四十九号）第三十二条第三号の規定により業務の禁止の処分を受けた者、測量法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十八号）第五十二条第二号の規定により登録を消除された者、建築士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二号）第十条第一項の規定により免許を取り消された者又は土地家屋調査士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号）第四十二条第三号の規定により業務の禁止の処分を受けた者で、これらの処分を受けた日から起算して二年を経過しないもの
Any person who has been subjected to prohibition of business pursuant to the provision of Article 32 (3) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No.49 of 2000), or who has been subjected to deletion of his/her registration pursuant to the provision of Article 52 (ii) of the Survey Act(Act No.188 of 1949), or who has been subjected to rescission of his/her license pursuant to the provision of Article 10 (1) of the Kenchikushi Act for Architects & Building Engineers (Act No.202 of 1950), or who has been subjected to a disposition of prohibition from engaging in business pursuant to the provision of Article 13 (1) (iii) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No.228 of 1950), and who has not yet passed two years from the date of such a disposition.

このため、路線形状の都合から当時の繁華街である四条河原町地域からは遠く離れた京都市でも南の地域、即ち七条通 - 八条通付近に京都駅は設置されたが、それ以外にも用地買収の楽な寂れた地域（四条通に沿って建設する事は用地買収面以外にも、祇園地区において八坂神社などの境内に当たる事や周辺の伝統的な家屋の立ち退きを伴う事などから、市民感情から考えても猛反発を受けた可能性が高かったと見られる）だったというのが、この土地を選択した要因になったといわれている。
Thus it is said that, owing to this favorable route setup, Kyoto Station was constructed in the southern area of Kyoto City, around Shichijo-dori Street and Hachijo-dori Street, although this area was far from the Shijo-Kawaramachi area, a prominent center of the time. However, another reason for the selection could be that the area was underdeveloped at the time and it was easy to acquire the site (if it had been constructed along the Shijo-dori Street, the acquisition of the land would have met strong emotional opposition from the citizens in addition to the difficulties in purchasing it, because railroading should have been carried out in the Gion District, which has many temples and shrines such as Yasaka-jinja Shrine, and the traditional houses in the vicinity should have been removed).

地方税法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十六号）第六条の規定により、総務省令で定める地方公共団体が、承認企業立地計画に従って特定事業のための施設のうち総務省令で定めるものを同意集積区域内に設置した事業者（指定集積業種であって総務省令で定めるものに属する事業を行う者に限る。）について、当該施設の用に供する家屋若しくはその敷地である土地の取得に対する不動産取得税若しくは当該施設の用に供する家屋若しくは構築物若しくはこれらの敷地である土地に対する固定資産税を課さなかった場合又はこれらの地方税に係る不均一の課税をした場合において、これらの措置が総務省令で定める場合に該当するものと認められるときは、地方交付税法（昭和二十五年法律第二百十一号）第十四条の規定による当該地方公共団体の各年度における基準財政収入額は、同条の規定にかかわらず、当該地方公共団体の当該各年度分の減収額（固定資産税に関するこれらの措置による減収額にあっては、これらの措置がされた最初の年度以降三箇年度におけるものに限る。）のうち総務省令で定めるところにより算定した額を同条の規定による当該地方公共団体の当該各年度（これらの措置が総務省令で定める日以後において行われたときは、当該減収額について当該各年度の翌年度）における基準財政収入額となるべき額から控除した額とする。
Where a local public entity specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications has, pursuant to the provision of Article 6 of the Local Tax Act (Act No. 226 of 1950), exempted a business operator who has established facilities for a specified business specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in an agreed cluster zone, in accordance with the approved plan for establishing new business facilities (limited to a business operator who conducts a business in designated cluster industries specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) from paying real property acquisition tax for acquiring houses to be used for said facilities or the site thereof or fixed asset taxes for houses or structures to be used for said facilities or the site thereof, or has imposed unequal taxation related to such local taxes, and when these measures are found to fall under cases specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the base amount of income of said local public entity for each fiscal year under Article 14 of the Local Allocation Tax Act (Act No. 211 of 1950) shall be the amount obtained by deducting the partial amount of income decreases of said local public entity for said each fiscal year (for decreases due to those measures concerning fixed asset tax, limited to decreases for three years after the first fiscal year in which said measures were taken), calculated as specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, from the original base amount of income under the same Article of said local public entity for each said fiscal year (where those measures are taken on or after the date specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, for the fiscal year following each said fiscal year in which each of the income decreases occurred), notwithstanding the provision of the same Article.

この節の規定若しくは農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）第九十二条第五項、公認会計士法第三十四条の二十第六項、水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）第百二十一条第五項、中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第三十三条第七項（輸出水産業の振興に関する法律（昭和二十九年法律第百五十四号）第二十条並びに中小企業団体の組織に関する法律（昭和三十二年法律第百八十五号）第五条の二十三第三項及び第四十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）、弁護士法（昭和二十四年法律第二百五号）第三十条の二十八第六項（同法第四十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、船主相互保険組合法（昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号）第五十五条第三項、司法書士法（昭和二十五年法律第百九十七号）第四十五条の二第六項、土地家屋調査士法（昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号）第四十条の二第六項、商品取引所法（昭和二十五年法律第二百三十九号）第十一条第九項、行政書士法（昭和二十六年法律第四号）第十三条の二十の二第六項、投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律（昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号）第四十八条の二第三項（同法第四十九条の十三第二項及び第三項並びに第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。）及び第百八十六条の二第四項、税理士法第四十八条の十九の二第六項（同法第四十九条の十二第三項において準用する場合を含む。）、信用金庫法（昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号）第八十七条の四第四項、輸出入取引法（昭和二十七年法律第二百九十九号）第十五条第六項（同法第十九条の六において準用する場合を含む。）、中小漁業融資保証法（昭和二十七年法律第三百四十六号）第五十五条第五項、労働金庫法（昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号）第九十一条の四第四項、鉱工業技術研究組合法（昭和三十六年法律第八十一号）第九条第七項、農業信用保証保険法（昭和三十六年法律第二百四号）第四十八条の三第五項（同法第四十八条の九第七項において準用する場合を含む。）、社会保険労務士法（昭和四十三年法律第八十九号）第二十五条の二十三の二第六項、外国証券業者に関する法律（昭和四十六年法律第五号）第二十三条第六項、森林組合法（昭和五十三年法律第三十六号）第八条の二第五項、銀行法第四十九条の二第二項、金融先物取引法（昭和六十三年法律第七十七号）第八十四条第七項、保険業法（平成七年法律第百五号）第六十七条の二及び第二百十七条第三項、資産の流動化に関する法律（平成十年法律第百五号）第百九十四条第四項及び第二百八十八条第三項、弁理士法（平成十二年法律第四十九号）第五十三条の二第六項、農林中央金庫法（平成十三年法律第九十三号）第九十六条の二第四項並びに信託業法第五十七条第六項（以下この節において「電子公告関係規定」と総称する。）において準用する第九百五十五条第一項の規定又はこの節の規定に基づく命令に違反し、罰金以上の刑に処せられ、その執行を終わり、又は執行を受けることがなくなった日から二年を経過しない者
a person who has been sentenced to a fine or a severer punishment for the violation of the provisions of this Section or the provisions of Article 955(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 92(5) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), Article 34-20(6) of the Certified Public Accountants Act, Article 121(5) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), Article 33(7) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 of the Export Fisheries Promotion Act (Act No. 154 of 1954) and Article 5-23(3) and Article 47(2) of the Act on Organizations of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (Act No. 185 of 1957)), Article30-28(6) of the Attorneys Act (Act No. 205 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43(3) of that Act), Article 55(3) of the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), Article 45-2(6) of the Judicial Scrivener Act (Act No. 197 of 1950), Article 40-2(6) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No. 228 of 1950), Article 11(9) of the Commodity Exchange Act (Act No. 239 of 1950), Article 13-20-2(6) of the Administrative Scrivener Act (Act No. 4 of 1951), Article 48-2(3) of the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-13(2) and (3) and Article 59 of that Act) and Article 186-2(4) of that Act, Article 48-19-2(6) of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-12(3) of that Act), Article 87-4(4) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), Article 15(6) of the Export and Import Transaction Act (Act No. 299 of 1952) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 19-6 of that Act), Article 55(5) of the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry (Act No. 346 of 1952), Article 91-4(4) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), Article 9(7) of the Act on Research and Development Partnership concerning Mining and Manufacturing Technology (Act No. 81 of 1961), Article 48-3(5) of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act (Act No. 204 of 1961) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 48-9(7) of that Act), Article 25-23-2(6) of the Act on Public Consultants on Social and Labor Insurance (Act No. 89 of 1968), Article 23(6) of the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers (Act No. 5 of 1971), Article 8-2(5) of the Forestry Partnership Act (Act No. 36 of 1978), Article 49-2(2) of the Banking Act, Article 84(7) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 77 of 1988), Article 67-2 and Article 217(3) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), Article 194(4) and Article 288(3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998), Article 53-2(6) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No. 49 of 2000), Article 96-2(4) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 93 of 2001) and Article 57(6) of the Trust Business Act (hereinafter collectively referred to as the 'Electronic Public Notice Related Provisions' in this Section) or the violation of an order based on the provisions this Section and where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the execution of the sentence has been completed or the sentence has become no longer applicable;