宣: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 親王宣下
- Giving the title of Imperial Prince
- 六条斎院宣旨
- Rokujosaiin no senji
- グローバル宣言
- global declaration
- (興宣大院君)
- (Heungseon Daewongun)
- 28代宣化天皇
- The twenty eighth generation, Emperor Senka
- 非核自治体宣言
- nuclear-free declaration (by local governments)
- 寿永の宣旨とも。
- It was also called Juei no senji.
- 寿永二年十月宣旨
- Juei Ninen ju gatsu no senji (Imperial Order of October 1183)
- Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo)
- 「東南互保」宣言
- The proclamation of the 'Southeast Mutual Protection Movement'
- 蘇宣『蘚氏印略』
- Sosen 'Senshi inryaku' (Abbreviation of the Sen clan's seal)
- 父は大中臣能宣。
- His father was ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu.
- 女御宣下を受ける。
- She was given the title of Nyogo.
- 慶応2年に親王宣下。
- In 1867 he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 東幸と万機親裁の宣言
- The Emperor going east and the declaration
- 母は西園寺実宣の娘。
- His mother was Sanenobu SAIONJI's daughter.
- 天保4年に親王宣下。
- The title Prince was given to him by Imperial order in 1833.
- 「宣戦布告」への過程
- Progress toward the 'proclamation of war'
- 左:大中臣能宣(持)
- Left: ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu (draw)
- 左:大中臣能宣(勝)
- Left: ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu (winner)
- 初代(藩主) 徳川頼宣
- The first (the lord of the domain): Yorinobu TOKUGAWA
- - 改新之詔を宣した。
- - He declared Kaishin no Mikotonori (the Imperial Reform Edict).
- 1224年 院号宣下。
- In 1224, given ingo under the imperial proclamation
- 1159年 院号宣下。
- In 1159, given ingo under imperial proclamation
- 事実上の宣戦布告である。
- This was in reality a declaration of war.
- 家集に『能宣集』がある。
- He also compiled the private anthology, 'Yoshinobushu' (the Selected Verses of Yoshinobu).
- 北条宣時とその子北条宗宣
- Nobutoki HOJO and his son Munenobu HOJO
- 伏原宣幸の二男沢忠量が祖。
- The founder was Tadakazu SAWA, the second son of Nobuyuki FUSHIHARA.
- 1433年(宣徳8) 幕府
- 1433: Bakufu
- 藤原宣孝の女、母は紫式部。
- Her father was FUJIWARA no Nobutaka and her mother was Murasaki Shikibu.
- 中御門宣方 (1350 -)
- Nobukata NAKAMIKADO (1350 -)
- 三条実房の子姉小路公宣が祖。
- The original forefather was Kiminobu ANEKOJI, the child of Sanefusa SANJO.
- 中御門尚良の子岡崎宣持が祖。
- The founder was Nobumochi OKAZAKI, the child of Hisayoshi NAKAMIKADO.
- 観修寺光豊の子芝山宣豊が祖。
- The founder was Nobutoyo SHIBAYAMA, the child of Mitsutoyo KAJUJI.
- 天皇の発する宣旨に相当する。
- It is equivalent to an imperial decree issued by the Emperor.
- 1435年(宣徳10) 幕府
- 1435: Bakufu
- 童直衣は特に宣旨を要しない。
- There was no need to receive Senshi to wear Warawa noshi (Noshi for the children).
- 1126年 誕生、内親王宣下
- Born in 1126, and granted the title of imperial princess under the imperial proclamation
- 「扶清滅洋」と清朝の宣戦布告
- Support Qing, destroy the Foreigners' and the proclamation of war of Qing dynasty
- 徳川頼宣を初代藩主とする紀州藩
- the Kishu clan, the first lord Yorinobu TOKUGAWA
- 孝明天皇の猶子となり親王宣下。
- He became an adopted child of the Emperor Komei, and was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 本家6代の細川宣紀は利重の子。
- The sixth family head of the head family, Nobunori HOSOKAWA was a son of Toshishige.
- 親王宣下があったかどうか不明。
- It is not know whether he was made an Imperial Prince or not.
- 大化改新の典法説 - 本居宣長
- Code of the Taika Reforms theory - by Norinaga MOTOORI
- 生後2ヶ月で親王宣下を受ける。
- She became an Imperial Princess two months after her birth by Imperial proclamation.
- 義秋に先んじて将軍宣下された。
- He was appointed as shogun before Yoshiaki.
- 院宣よりも公的性が高いとされる。
- It was considered more formal than Inzen (decree of cloistered emperor).
- 康保2年(965年)、親王宣下。
- In 965, he received the title of Imperial Prince by the emperor.
- 同年12月、親王宣下と共に二品。
- In December of the same year she was awarded by the Emperor the title of Imperial Princess with a rank of Nippon (the second highest rank of nobility).
- 宣旨:簡略化された天子の命令文。
- Senji: an informal imperial letter.
- 宣旨の娘 : 明石の姫君の乳母。
- The daughter of the old emperor's private secretary: Young lady Akashi's wet nurse.
- 勅命・院宣を奉じて編纂した歌集。
- The collection was compiled by imperial order.
- 執政者ではなく、託宣の巫女だった?
- She was not an administrator, but a miko (a shrine maiden) of takusen (oracle)?
- 院号を授けることを院号宣下という。
- Conferring Ingo on an empress was called Ingo Senge.
- 慶安2年(1649年)に親王宣下。
- In 1649, he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 寛永3年(1626年)に親王宣下。
- In 1626, he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 家康、伏見城にて将軍宣下を受ける。
- The emperor in Fushimi-jo Castle declared that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA become shogun.
- 万寿4年(1027年)内親王宣下。
- In 1027, she received a title of Imperial Princess by the emperor.
- 天正3年(1575年)に親王宣下。
- He was raised to the rank of prince of imperial blood in an imperial proclamation dating to 1575.
- 承元4年(1210年)、親王宣下。
- He was given the title of the Imperial Prince in 1210.
- 白河天皇の院宣により源俊頼が編纂。
- Emperor Shirakawa ordered MINAMOTO no Toshiyori to compile the anthology.
- 寛政9年(1797年)8月親王宣下。
- In September 1797, he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 母親は宣化天皇の皇女・皇后石姫皇女。
- His mother was the Imperial princess of Emperor Senka, Empress Ishihime no Yumemiko.
- 享保11年(1726年)に親王宣下。
- He received title to become Imperial Prince in 1726.
- 天保4年(1833年)4月親王宣下。
- The title of Imperial Prince was given in April 1833.
- 文永8年(1271年)、内親王宣下。
- She received Naishinno senge (the title Princess by Imperial order) in 1271.
- さらに院号宣下を受け殷富門院となる。
- She was permitted to use ingo, and named herself Inbumon-in.
- 徳川家宣・徳川家継の時代(正徳の治)
- Ages of Ienobu and Ietsugu TOKUGAWA (Shotoku no chi [the peaceful era of Shotoku])
- 中御門宣明 (1302 - 1365)
- Nobuakira NAKAMIKADO (1302 - 1365)
- 中御門経宣 (1279 - 1340)
- Tsunenobu NAKAMIKADO (1279 - 1340)
- 中御門宣俊 (1371 - 1414)
- Nobutoshi NAKAMIKADO (1371 - 1414)
- 中御門宣輔 (1392 - 1439)
- Nobusuke NAKAMIKADO (1392 - 1439)
- 中御門宣顕 (1662 - 1740)
- Nobuaki NAKAMIKADO (1662 - 1740)
- 中御門宣順 (1613 - 1664)
- Nobuyori NAKAMIKADO (1613 - 1664)
- 中御門宣基 (1659 - 1680)
- Nobumoto NAKAMIKADO (1659 - 1680)
- 中御門宣治 (1517 - 1555)
- Nobuharu NAKAMIKADO (1517 - 1555)
- 中御門宣胤 (1442 - 1525)
- Nobutane NAKAMIKADO (1442 - 1525)
- 中御門宣秀 (1469 - 1531)
- Nobuhide NAKAMIKADO (1469 - 1531)
- 中御門宣綱 (1511 - 1569)
- Nobutsuna NAKAMIKADO (1511 - 1569)
- 中御門宣時 (1727 - 1745)
- Nobutoki NAKAMIKADO (1727 - 1745)
- 中御門宣誠 (1691 - 1730)
- Nobumasa NAKAMIKADO (1691 - 1730)
- 中御門宣家 (1765 - 1790)
- Nobuie NAKAMIKADO (1765 - 1790)
- 同日院号宣下を受け、京極院と称された。
- On the day of her death, she was given the title ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), and was referred to as Kyogokuin.
- 北条宗宣(北条宣時の長男。11代執権)
- Munenobu HOJO (the eldest son of Nobutoki HOJO; the eleventh Shikken)
- 本居宣長「手枕」(1763年、全1巻)
- Tamakura (Pillowed upon His Arm) by Norinaga MOTOORI (1763, one volume in all)
- 宣言書を掲載した新聞等は発禁になった。
- Newspapers which published their declaration were prohibited.
- 花園天皇の皇子で母は宣光門院正親町実子。
- He was the child of Emperor Hanazono; his mother was Senkomonin Jisshi (Saneko) Ogimachi.
- 永禄6年(1563年)に親王宣下、元服。
- He received the title of Imperial Prince in 1563 and had a coming-of-age ceremony.
- 文明6年(1474年)に元服、親王宣下。
- He had a coming-of-age ceremony in 1474 and received the title of Imperial Prince.
- 徳川吉宗の養女となり、松平宣維に嫁した。
- She was adopted by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA and married Nobusumi MATSUDAIRA.
- 皇太后舎子は女院号宣下を受けて落飾する。
- Empress Dowager Ieko took the tonsure and entered the priesthood after receiving the title of nyoingo by Imperial order.
- 4月に女御宣旨を受け、10月中宮に冊立。
- She became Nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)) in May by the Imperial decree and became Chugu in October.
- 家集に「経宣集」、日記に「帥記」がある。
- Tsunenobu-shu is his personal collection of poetry and Sochiki [帥記 読み不明] is his diary.
- 徳川綱重(甲府徳川家)- 家宣(六代将軍)
- Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, who was of the Kofu-Tokugawa family, and his lineage included Ienobu, the sixth shogun.
- 文政11年(1828年)に親王宣下、元服。
- In 1828, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and celebrated his coming of age.
- 元禄8年(1695年)に、元服、親王宣下。
- In 1695, he experienced genpuku (a coming-of-age celebration for boys) and was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 万治3年(1660年)に、親王宣下、元服。
- In 1660, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and experienced genpuku (a coming-of-age celebration for boys).
- 759年(天平宝字3年)親王宣下を受ける。
- He was given the imperial proclamation to become an imperial prince in 759.
- 慶長10年(1605年)に元服、親王宣下。
- In 1605, he experienced genpuku (a coming-of-age celebration for boys) and was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 宣教師ルイス・フロイスがその美しさを称賛。
- The missionary, Luis FROIS praised its beauty.
- よって、この地を都とすべきだ」と宣言した。
- Therefore, we should make this place our capital.'
- ----神社に関する祭幣・託宣・神主・祓い
- Saihei, takusen (oracle), Kannushi (Shinto priest), and harai (exorcism) related to shrines
- 左:大中臣能宣(持(じ;引き分けのこと))
- Left: ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu (draw)
- 最初は勘申の元となった宣旨本文を引用する。
- First, the body text of an imperial decree to which kanmon replies is cited.
- これを一座宣旨(いちざのせんじ)と称した。
- This was called 'Ichiza senji'.
- 翌年、親王宣下により小松宮依仁親王となった。
- In the following year, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and became Imperial Prince Komatsunomiya Yorihito.
- 宝永4年(1707年)に内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was given the imperial edict to become an imperial princess in 1707.
- 六代(将軍)徳川家宣 (甲府徳川家から養子)
- Ienobu TOKUGAWA, the sixth shogun, who was adopted from the Kofu-Tokugawa family
- 義仲を恐れた朝廷は北陸道を宣旨から除外した。
- However, being afraid of Yoshinaka, the Imperial Court excluded the Hokurikudo from the decree.
- 日本の皇族のうち親王宣下をうけた男子の皇族。
- In the Japanese Imperial family, it is the male members who has been given the title of Imperial prince.
- 院号を宣下されて女院となり上西門院と号する。
- She became nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) when being given ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) under the imperial proclamation, and came to be called Josaimonin.
- しかし作者は能宣ではないとの説が有力である。
- However, it has been widely accepted that he is not the author.
- 清原元輔・大中臣能宣らの歌人と交流があった。
- He interacted with kajin (waka poets) such as KIYOHARA no Motosuke and ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu.
- 宝暦13年(1763年)10月親王宣下を蒙る。
- In 1763, he received the title of Imperial Prince.
- この宣旨の原文を正確に伝えた史料は現存しない。
- There is no existing historical record that exactly preserves the original text of this decree.
- この「永宣旨」は明治維新を迎えると廃止された。
- The 'Eisenji' was abolished after the Meiji Restoration.
- 閔妃宮殿に仕掛けられた爆弾が爆発(興宣大院君)
- A bomb set at the Queen Min's Palace exploded (Heungseon Daewongun)
- 父は大江仲宣で、嘉言は大江千古の曾孫にあたる。
- His father was OE no Nakanobu and his great-grandfather was OE no Chifuru.
- また後継の後西天皇から壬生院の院号を宣下された。
- She was given the Ingo of Mibuin by the Emperor Gosai, who succeeded to the throne.
- その後も安倍有季・有宣とその嫡流は公卿に昇った。
- Ariyo's direct descendant after Arimori, namely ABE no Arisue and ABE no Arinobu, advanced to Kugyo.
- 明暦元年(1655年)親王宣下を受け、元服する。
- He received the title of Imperial Prince in 1655 and had a coming of age ceremony.
- 延喜8年4月5日(908年5月7日)、親王宣下。
- On May 7, 908, he received the title of Imperial Prince by the emperor.
- 1591年(天正19年)1月に親王宣下を受けた。
- In January 1591, he was given the proclamation to become the Imperial Prince.
- 応保元年(1161年)12月16日、女院号宣下。
- She was given a Nyoingo title (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) by the Emperor on January 10, 1162.
- 寛弘8年(1011年)、三条天皇践祚で女御宣下。
- In 1011, by the accession to the throne by Emperor Sanjo, she was conferred as a Nyogo (consort of the Emperor).
- 久寿元年(1154年)8月、内親王宣下を受ける。
- In September 1154, she was given the title of Imperial Princess by Imperial order
- 正治2年(1200年)院号宣下、宜秋門院となる。
- In 1200, she was permitted to use ingo and became Gishumonin.
- 明治時代以降は為量・宣嘉父子の功績が認められ伯爵。
- Since the Meiji Period, they were given the title count in appreciation for the achievements of Tamekazu and his son, Nobuyoshi
- 北小路家:大江匡重の子北小路俊宣が北小路を称した。
- The Kitakoji family: Toshinobu KITAKOJI, the child of OE no Masashige, started to refer to himself as KITAKOJI.
- 律令では皇族の男子のうち親王宣下のない者を指した。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, it referred to sons of the Imperial family who were not given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 宝永6年(1709年)徳川家宣に初めて披露される。
- He was first introduced by Ienobu TOKUGAWA in 1709.
- 長和2年(1013年)10月、内親王宣下を受ける。
- In October 1013, she received the title to become Imperial Princess.
- 宝暦9年5月15日(1759年6月9日) 親王宣下
- He received to title Prince by Imperial order on June 9, 1759.
- 文治5年(1189年)11月19日 親王宣下、無品
- He was titled to be Imperial Prince without a court rank on January 4, 1190.
- 同年11月、徳子は院号宣下により建礼門院と称する。
- In the same year of November, Tokuko received an Ingo title from the Emperor to the name Kenrei mon in.
- 後白河天皇の猶子となり、内親王宣下を受けたらしい。
- She is said to have been adopted by Emperor Goshirakawa, and was given the title of Imperial Princess.
- 延喜11年(911年)内親王宣下、四品に叙される。
- In 911, she became Imperial Princess and was conferred the court rank of Shihon (the fourth rank of Imperial Princess's rank).
- 寛弘8年(1011年)父三条天皇即位、内親王宣下。
- In 1011, her father, Emperor Sanjo, ascended to the throne and she became an Imperial Princess by the Imperial proclamation.
- 文治3年(1187年)院号宣下、殷富門院と号する。
- In 1187, she was permitted to use ingo, and named herself Inbumon-in.
- 「宣戦布告」のいくつか理由について以下に列挙する。
- The following arguments will be listed as reasons for the 'proclamation of war.'
- これを受け25日諸外国は、それぞれ局外中立を宣言。
- On the 25th, all of foreign countries contacted declared their position of neutrality.
- 宝暦9年(1759年)3月には准三宮の宣下を受ける。
- She was given the title of Jusangu (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) as an imperial proclamation in March 1759.
- 高松宮:大正天皇第三皇子の高松宮宣仁親王により創設。
- Takamatsunomiya: established by Imperial prince Takamatsunomiya Nobuhito, the third Imperial prince of Emperor Taisho.
- この文章を宣旨、ここまでの一連の手続きを宣下と呼ぶ。
- This is called Imperial decree and these series of procedure is called Imperial proclamation.
- 朝廷から下されたその宣旨は、2つの内容を有していた。
- The decree proclaimed by the Imperial Court consisted of two subjects.
- なお、天皇の命令を伝える文書に宣旨・綸旨などがある。
- Documents that convey imperial orders include imperial decrees and rinji (the Emperor's command).
- また初代頼宣が常陸国に封じられ常陸介にも叙任された。
- The first family head, Yorinobu, was given a fief in Hitachi Province and appointed as Hitachi no Suke (the vice-governor of Hitach Province) to become a kunimochidaimyo (a daimyo [Japanese feudal lord] with a vast fiefdom).
- 内親王宣下、後堀河天皇准母として皇后宮に冊立される。
- She was given title of Imperial Princess under the imperial proclamation, and became Kisainomiya as Junbo of Emperor Gohorikawa under the imperial investiture.
- 6代家宣の跡を継いだ鍋松(家継)はわずか8歳で死去。
- Nabematsu (Ietsugu) who succeeded the 6th Ienobu died at the age of 8.
- 正月25日の局外中立宣言後、パークスは横浜に戻った。
- After the declaration of their neutrality position on January 25th, Parkes retuned to Yokohama.
- しかし勢力を盛り返し翌年に光厳天皇の院宣を掲げて入京。
- The following year, he regained his power and entered the capital with inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) of Emperor Kogon.
- 北朝は直義討伐の院宣を下し、南朝は直義の帰服に応じる。
- The Northern Court issued an imperial order ordering the defeat of Tadayoshi, and the Southern Court answered Tadayoshi's call.
- 1432年(永享4)に宣徳条約で回数などが規定される。
- Moreover, frequency of trade was regulated based on the Sentoku treaty concluded in 1432.
- 同5年(1069年)院号宣下、以後陽明門院と称される。
- In 1069 she received Ingo title and was called Yomeimonin after that.
- 康保4年(967年)、父冷泉天皇即位により内親王宣下。
- She received the title to become Imperial Princess when her father, Emperor Reizei succeeded to the throne in 967.
- しかし、詔宣すべき上皇の不在が最大の課題となっていた。
- The greatest problem was the absence of the Retired Emperor who should make announcements.
- 同3年(1156年)4月19日に内親王宣下、斎宮卜定。
- On May 17, 1156, she was permitted to use the title of Imperial Princess, and was decided by fortunetelling to serve as saigu.
- しかし、宣旨発布の前後から寿永年号を使用し始めている。
- However, he started to use the Juei era from about the time of the proclamation of the decree.
- 詔勅宣行(詔勅の施行段階で誤字・脱字が発見された場合)
- This Article 'Shochoku-sengyo' (an official's act to scrutinize imperial rescript before sending it to Daijokan [the Grand Councilor of State]) was made to refer to the case that any omissions or errors were found in the rescript at the stage of its enforcement.
- 宣旨・下文・御教書など様々な書式によって行われている。
- The bunijno is based on various forms such as imperial decree, kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office), and migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people).
- 徳川氏は新田氏の末裔を称して征夷大将軍の宣下を受ける。
- The Tokugawa clan proclaimed themselves as descendants of Nitta clan and was designated as Seii Taishogun.
- 寛文9年(1669年)親王宣下を受け、長仁と命名される。
- In 1669, he received the title of Imperial Prince and was named Osahito.
- 明倫館正門 - 江戸時代に藩主牧野宣成が開いた藩校の正門
- Meirinkan Main Gate - main gate of the clan school founded by domain head Fusashige MAKINO during the Edo Period.
- 承平7年(937年)2月、叔父朱雀天皇に入内し女御宣下。
- In March and April 937, she got married to her uncle, Emperor Suzaku and was proclaimed to be a nyogo.
- 同年12月親王宣下を受け、斉祐(ただすけ)と命名される。
- In January and February 1613, he received the Emperor's proclamation for being an Imperial Prince and was named Tadasuke.
- 義円は還俗して義宣(のち義教)と名乗って6代将軍となる。
- Gien returned to secular life, named himself Yoshinobu (later Yoshinori) and became the 6th shogun.
- 1312年(応長2年)大仏宗宣の後の12代執権となった。
- He became the twelfth regent in 1312 after Munenobu OSARAGI.
- たとえば本居宣長は「秘本玉くしげ」で、次のように述べた。
- For example, Norinaga MOTOORI wrote the following in 'Secret book Tamakushige,'
- 原話の許宣が豊雄、白娘子が真女児、青々がまろやにあたる。
- Kyosen, Hakujoshi and Seisei in the original story respectively correspond to Toyoo, Manago and Maroya.
- 勅許をもって、改めて親王宣下と共に、山階宮の宮号を賜った。
- Akira again became a Imperial Prince and received the reigning name of Yamashinanomiya.
- 幕末には澤為量・澤宣嘉父子が勤皇攘夷派の急先鋒として活躍。
- In the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tamekazu SAWA and his son, Nobuyoshi SAWA actively worked as vanguards of the sonnojoi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians).
- 後鳥羽上皇は諸国の御家人、地頭らに義時追討の院宣を発する。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba then issued an imperial decree to all the gokenin (lower vassals) and jito (estate stewards) in the various provinces to hunt down and kill Yoshitoki.
- 1295年(永仁3年)青蓮院に入り、同年親王宣下を受けた。
- In 1295, he moved into the Shoren-in Temple, and he was announced as the Imperial Prince the same year.
- 1455年、大覚寺統の嫡流である木寺宮に親王宣下して復興。
- In 1455 the Emperor gave Shinno senge (title Prince by Imperial order) to the direct line of Imperial descent, Kidera no Miya for the purpose of reconstruction.
- 承徳2年(1098年)堀河天皇に入内、女御の宣旨を受ける。
- In 1098 Ishi was admitted to the court with the title of Nyogo (the third highest rank of Imperial consorts).
- しかしのち親王宣下を受けたもののみに限られるようになった。
- However, later on, the right to bear the title became restricted only to those who were actually conferred the title by the emperor.
- 正応4年(1291年)8月、院号宣下により遊義門院となる。
- In September, 1291, she was given the permission to use the title of nyoin.
- 治暦4年(1068年)、父後三条天皇即位により内親王宣下。
- She was given the title of Imperial Princess by the enthronement of her father Emperor Sanjo in 1068.
- 11歳で親王宣下を受け、4年後に元服して三品親王となった。
- He was officially announced as Imperial Prince at the age of 11 by the Emperor, and four years later, he had a ceremony of attaining manhood and became Sanbon Shinno (the third-ranked Imperial Prince).
- 曹丕は「文章は経国の大業、不朽の盛事なり」と宣言している。
- CAO Pi declared that 'writing is an important affair for governing a nation and its grandeur would last for good. '
- 列強への「宣戦布告」の際には「現在我が中国は積弱極まった。
- At the 'proclamation of war', Empress Dowager declared 'our country of China has been gradually weakened.
- 恵慶・清原元輔・源順・大中臣能宣などの歌人と交流があった。
- He was friends with such poets as Egyo, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, MINAMOTO no Shitago, and ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu.
- 幕末の姉小路公知とその叔父で澤家を継いだ澤宣嘉は著名である。
- Kintomo ANEGAKOJI and his uncle Nobuyoshi SAWA, who became head of the Sawa family were prominent figures at the end of the Edo period.
- 2004年(平成16年)、宣仁親王妃喜久子の薨去により断絶。
- In 2004 it became extinct due to the death of Princess Kikuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Nobuhito.
- 延享2年(1745年)2月親王宣下を受け、公仁と命名される。
- In March 1745, he was given the title of the Imperial Prince and was named Kinhito.
- 翌1099年(承徳3年)親王宣下を受け最初の法親王となった。
- In the next year of 1099, he received a royal command to be Imperial Prince and became the first monk-Imperial Prince.
- 文化 (元号)5年(1808年)に親王宣下、元服、常陸太守。
- Given the title of Imperial Prince, he celebrated his coming of age, and was appointed to the governor of Hitachi Province in 1808.
- 後鳥羽天皇の皇子で、母は藤原重子、後に宣陽門院の養子となる。
- He was a son of Emperor Gotoba and his mother was FUJIWARA no Jushi (Shigeko), later, he was adopted by Senyomonin.
- 三条天皇の皇太子時代に東宮妃として入内、宣耀殿女御と称した。
- She made judai (an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court) as a Toguhi when Emperor Sanjo was still a Crown Prince, and called herself Senyoden no Nyogo.
- 但馬国に生まれ、のちに後醍醐天皇の猶子となり親王宣下される。
- He was born in Tajima Province, and later became the adopted child of Emperor Godaigo; and was given the title of imperial prince.
- 延慶 (日本)元年(1308年)8月10日、征夷大将軍宣下。
- On August 10, 1308, he was proclaimed seii taishogun.
- 同年8月、木沢討伐に乗り出した義宣には三好元長まで加担した。
- In August, 1531, Yoshinobu started to suppress KIZAWA, which was joined even by Motonaga MIYOSHI.
- 664年(天智3年)に、「甲子(かつし)の宣」が発せられた。
- In 664, the Imperial Edict 'Kasshi no Sen' was issued.
- 清麻呂は不審を抱き、改めて与曽女に宣命を訊くことを願い出る。
- Kiyomaro felt strange and asked Yosome that she ask the god to listen to the Imperial edict.
- 伏見天皇の院宣を奉じて京極為兼(1254-1332)が撰進。
- By order of the Retired Emperor Fushimi, Tamekane KYOGOKU (1254-1332)compiled the collection and presented it.
- 1786年、思想・音韻・仮名遣いなどで、本居宣長と論争した。
- In 1786, he argued his opinions on ideology, phonology and the rules for the use of kana (the Japanese syllabary) with Norinaga MOTOORI.
- 落着すると、大目付がその旨を宣して町奉行が判決を言い渡した。
- The Ometsuke made an announcement when the trial reached settlement, and the machi-bugyo officer delivered judgment.
- 享保元年(1716年)、中御門天皇に入内し、女御宣下を受ける。
- In 1716 she married the Emperor Nakamikado and received the Imperial letter of appointment as the title Nyogo.
- 貞享元年(1684年)11月親王宣下を受け、尚仁と命名される。
- In December 1684, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and was named Naohito.
- 同日、女院号を宣下され、盛化門院(せいかもんいん)と称される。
- On the same day, she was given the title Nyoingo and was called 'Seikamonin'as her honorific name.
- 12月、義仲は後白河法皇に強要して頼朝追討の院宣を発出させる。
- In December, Yoshinaka forced the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to issue a command from a retired Emperor to track down and kill Yoritomo.
- 院宣の重要度は、天皇の宣旨と同等、またはそれ以上とされていた。
- An inzen was considered as important as, or more important than, an imperial decree issued by the Emperor.
- 徳川慶喜や親徳川派の公家を排除し王政復古 (日本)を宣言する。
- After the removal of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and the pro-Tokugawa court nobles, the restoration of the Japanese monarchy was proclaimed.
- 1858年(安政5年)に仁孝天皇の猶子として11歳で親王宣下。
- In 1858 he was given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of Emperor Ninko at the age of 11.
- 翌宝永6年(1709年)4月親王宣下を受け、家仁と命名される。
- He received title to become Imperial Prince in April 1709 and was named Yakahito.
- 称光が崩御し、親王宣下のないまま1429年12月27日に即位。
- After Emperor Shoko died, Emperor Gohanazono succeeded to the throne on December 27, 1429 without having Shino senge (the title Prince by Imperial order).
- 彼女に仕えた女房に、宣旨越後・兵衛(神祇伯顕仲王女)らがいた。
- Senji Echigo, Hyoe (daughter of Jingihaku, or a chief official in charge of matters relating to Shintoism, Prince Akinaka), and others served her as Nyobo (court ladies).
- 宣子女王(よしこじょおう、生没年不詳)は、平安時代前期の皇族。
- Princess Yoshiko (years of birth and death unknown), was a member of the Imperial Family who lived in the early Heian period.
- 弘長元年(1261年)6月、10歳で入内して女御宣下を受けた。
- In July 1261, she entered into the court at the age of ten, and was given the title of nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court - a consort of an emperor).
- 同年10月28日に内親王宣下を受け、同日伊勢斎宮に卜定された。
- On December 9, 1108, she was given the title of princess, and was designated as Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) by bokujo (decided by fortunetelling) on the same day.
- 一説に、万葉歌人額田王は宣化天皇の4世孫(玄孫)とも言われる。
- One theory has it that NUKATA no Okimi, a poet of Manyoshu (The Anthology of Myriad Leaves) was said to be a great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Senka.
- 高松宮宣仁親王(てるのみや のぶひと:1905年-1987年)
- Tkamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Nobuhito (Terunomiya Nobuhito : 1905 - 1987)
- 安政5年(1858年)10月、仁孝天皇の猶子となり、親王宣下。
- In November 1858, he became an adopted child of the Emperor Ninko and he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 寛平4年(892年)1月、従四位下に叙され女御の宣旨を受ける。
- In February 892, she was conferred the court rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and became Nyogo by Imperial proclamation.
- 坂野は「脱亜論」を朝鮮近代化の挫折に対する敗北宣言と解釈した。
- Banno interpreted 'Datsu-A Ron' as the declaration of failure of modernization by Korea.
- さらに巫女の宣託があったとして将門は新皇を称するまでに至った。
- Masakado also called himself 'Shinno' because of a vision of Miko (a shirine maiden) that encouraged him to do so.
- 父は備後掾大中臣輔道で、子に梨壺の五人の一人大中臣能宣がいる。
- His father was Bingo no jo (an officer in Bingo) ONAKATOMI no Sukemichi, and his child ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu was one of the Nashitsubo no Gonin (Five Gentlemen of the Pear Chamber).
- ここに至って伊藤内閣と議会内で孤立した自由党が連携を宣言した。
- The Ito cabinet and the Liberal Party isolated in the Diet, announced their cooperation at this stage.
- 庭田重条の猶子大原栄顕(実は葛岡宣之あるいは葛岡仲賢の子)が祖。
- The original forefather was … OHARA (in fact, the child of Nobuyuki KATSURAOKA or Nakakata KATSURAOKA), another child considered to be Shigenaga NIWATA's own.
- 「ご成婚パレードをテレビで見よう」の宣伝文句が今に伝わっている。
- A sales message of 'Let's watch the wedding parade on TV' was so famous that people have never forgotten it.
- (本宣旨に対する評価の詳細については、後述意義・評価節を参照)。
- (See the section of significance and assessment below for the details of significance and assessment for this decree.)
- 紀州徳川家(紀州家・紀州藩)…始祖は徳川頼宣(徳川家康の10男)
- Kishu-Tokugawa family (the Kishu family and the Kishu domain) founded by Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the tenth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA
- 法宣寺(大覚大僧上による手植え・境内の天蓋マツは国の天然記念物)
- Hosen-ji Temple: The Buddhist High Priest Daikaku daisojo directly planted a pine tree in the precincts, and the pine tree forming a canopy is today a natural monument of Japan.
- 二十一代当主 徳川義宣 (堀田氏から養子、夫人は二十代義知の娘)
- The twenty-first family head: Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (adopted from the Hotta family; his wife was a daughter of the twentieth family head, Yoshitomo)
- 親王宣下を受けたのちに出家し、その後は3度天台座主を務めている。
- He became a priest after receiving the title of Imperial Prince, and then served as Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) three times.
- 文亀2年(1502年)に元服、永正元年(1504年)に親王宣下。
- He had a coming-of-age ceremony in 1502 and received the title of Imperial Prince in 1504.
- - 高表仁が唐へ戻る(「與王子爭禮 不宣朝命而還」『旧唐書』)。
- Gao Biaoren returned to Tang Dynasty China (according to '與王子爭禮 不宣朝命而還' in 'Jiu Tang Shu' [Old Tang History]).
- その後、慶長19年(1614年)に親王宣下を受けて直輔と名乗る。
- In 1614, he was given title of Prince by Imperial decree, and was named Naosuke.
- 同6年(1190年)1月、後鳥羽天皇の元服に伴い入内、女御宣下。
- In January 1190, she was sent court to become nyogo (a consort of an emperor) when Emperor Gotoba celebrated his genpuku (coming-of-age ceremony).
- 討ち入りを聞いた上杉綱憲は実父を助けるため吉良邸への出兵を宣言。
- When Tsunayori UESUGI heard about the raid, he announced the dispatch of troops to the Kira residence in order to save his biological father.
- 天智10年(671年)に「冠位・法度の事を宣い行い給う」とある。
- The article of the year 671 also describes 'kani (office and rank) and hatto (law and measurement) are pronounced and enacted.'
- 文中の()の年はユリウス暦、月日は全て和暦、宣明暦の長暦による。
- In this document, the years are based on the Julian calendar, while months and dates are based on the Japanese Senmyo calendar (derived from the Chinese lunisolar calendar).
- All the years in the texts are cited by the Julian calendar, and all the dates and months are cited by the Japanese calendar, and during the Choryaku era (1037-1039) in the Senmei calendar.
- 武小広国押盾天皇(たけをひろくにおしたてのすめらみこと)宣化天皇
- Takeohirokunioshitate no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Senka
- 天養記(官宣旨案)は太政官符の下書きなので、第一級の史料である。
- Tenyo-ki (a suggestion of kansenji) was a draft of Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), so that it was one of the most important historical materials.
- 松平信平は徳川頼宣の娘を正室として、紀伊家縁者として家を興した。
- Nobuhira MATSUDAIRA married a daughter of Yorinobu TOKUGAWA as his seishitsu (legal wife) and established a family as a relative of Kii family.
- 1904年2月、日本はロシア帝国に宣戦布告し日露戦争が勃発した。
- In February 1904, Japan declared war against Russian Empire and the Japanese-Russo War broke out.
- 「独逸国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔書」1914(大正3年):「大日本国皇帝」
- Imperial rescript on the proclamation of war against Germany' in 1914, by 'Dainippon Teikoku Kotei'
- 宝暦13年(1763年)に親王宣下、明和5年(1768年)に元服。
- He was given the title of Imperial Prince in 1763 and celebrated his coming of age in 1768.
- 宣下(せんげ)とは、天皇の命令を伝える公文書を公布することである。
- Imperial proclamation is to issue an official document conveying the Emperor's order.
- また、延慶本『平家物語』巻8に宣旨原文と思われる箇所が残っている。
- Furthermore, there is a description which seems to be the original decree in the eighth volume of 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), which is one of engyo-bon.
- 1603年(慶長8年) - 徳川家康、伏見城にて大将軍宣下を受ける
- 1603: Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was appointed taishogun (barbarian-quelling generalissimo) in the Fushimi-jo Castle.
- その後養子大崎義宣を排除し自立を果たすも伊達氏の圧迫を受け続ける。
- Afterward, Yoshinao excluded the adopted child, Yoshinobu OSAKI, and succeeded in becoming independent, but continued to be pressured by the Date clan.
- 出家後、京都青蓮院に入り、1335年(建武2年)親王宣下を受けた。
- He became a priest, and entered Kyoto Shoren-in Temple; he was announced as the Imperial Prince in 1335.
- 1461年には常盤井宮に親王宣下を与えて大覚寺統の正統を保存した。
- In 1461the Emperor gave Shino senge (title Prince by Imperial order) to Tokiwai no Miya to maintain the legitimate Daikaku-ji Imperial line.
- 天和3年(1682年)3月に儲君となり、12月に親王宣下があった。
- He became Chokun (Crown Prince) in March 1683 (old calendar), and received to title Imperial Prince by Imperial order in December (old calendar).
- 江戸時代には本居宣長が、不改常典を大化改新時の諸法を指すと解した。
- In the Edo period, Norinaga MOTOORI interpreted that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten means a series of laws formulated during the Taika Reforms.
- 宣時は顕彰記事のある北条時房の孫で、貞時の執権時代に連署であった。
- Nobutoki was a grandchild of Tokifusa HOJO, who appears in the article of eulogy, and Nobutoki was a Rensho when Sadatoki was a regent.
- 甲府徳川家(御両典)(二代当主徳川家宣が六代将軍を継いだため消滅。)
- Kofu Tokugawa family (referred as 'Goryoden') (lapsed when 2nd generation clan chief Ienobu TOKUGAWA inherited the role of 6th generation Shogun.)
- 同年12月桜町天皇の猶子となり、延享3年(1746年)5月親王宣下。
- In December 1745, he was adopted by Emperor Sakuramachi, and in June 1746, he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 朝廷が求めていた東国における国衙支配の回復は宣旨の前段にて示された。
- The recovery of the ruling on kokuga in Togoku which had been demanded by the Imperial Court was presented in the first part of the decree.
- 義時は捕らえていた上皇の使者に宣戦布告の書状を持たせて京へ追い返す。
- Yoshitoki sent the messengers of the retired Emperor Gotoba he had captured back to the capital bearing a letter in which he declared war.
- 元禄10年(1697年)5月11日親王宣下を受け、文仁と命名される。
- He was given the title of Imperial Prince on June 29, 1697 and named Ayahito.
- 宣長は典仁親王の王子、妙法院宮真仁法親王に命ぜられて歌を献じている。
- Norinaga was ordered to write some waka poems by Prince Sukehito's Prince, Myohoin no Miya monk-Imperial Prince.
- 1259年(正元元年)、夫の退位に伴って院号宣下し東二条院と称する。
- In 1259, she was given the title of respect upon her husband's retirement, and was called Higashinijoin.
- 寛治5年(1091年)10月、甥堀河天皇に入内、女御の宣旨を受ける。
- Entered into court as a bride of her nephew, Emperor Horikawa, and received Imperial letter of appointment as Nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court (a consort of an emperor)) in October 1091.
- 同10年(1037年)1月入内、女御の宣旨を受け正四位下に叙される。
- In February 1037, she entered into court, became Nyogo by Imperial decree and was conferred the court rank of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- また、大中臣能宣・紀時文・清原元輔など中級の公家歌人と交流していた。
- He was on good terms with noble poets in the middle class such as ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, KI no Tokibumi, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, and so on.
- 結局、家宣未亡人の天英院の裁定により、吉宗が8代将軍として就任した。
- Yoshimune became the 8th shogun by judgment of the widow of Ienobu, Tenei-in.
- 続いて高倉天皇から近江寺社勢力に対して謀反人追討の院宣が発せられる。
- Then, Emperor Takakura issued inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) which declared the hunting down and killing of the rebels against Omi Temple's troops.
- 惟豊は甲斐親宣・甲斐親直(宗運)父子の補佐を得て阿蘇氏を繁栄させた。
- With the support of Chikanobu KAI and his son Chikanao KAI (Soun), Koretoyo made the Aso clan prosper.
- 室町時代の松木宗量(松木宗宣・宗重の孫)の代に家名を「松木」と改める。
- During the time of Munekazu (宗量) MATSUNOKI (or Munenobu MATSUNOKI, grandson of Muneshige) in the Muromachi period, the family name was changed to 'Matsunoki.'
- 明治4年(1871年) 親王宣下、元服 諱を貞愛と賜り二品に叙せられる
- In 1871, Imperial Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was given the title of Imperial Prince and then given the real name of Sadanaru, for his genpuku (to celebrate one's coming of age) ceremony, and was given the Imperial court ranking of nihon (the second court rank for an Imperial Prince).
- 「露国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔勅」1904年(明治37年):「大日本帝国皇帝」
- Imperial rescript on the proclamation of war against Russia' in 1904, by 'Dainippon Teikoku Kotei'
- 「清国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔勅」1894年(明治27年):「大日本帝国皇帝」
- Imperial rescript on the proclamation of war against Qing' in 1894, by 'Dainippon Teikoku Kotei'
- 1850年(嘉永3年)准后となって院号宣下があって新待賢門院と号した。
- Since she was given the title 'Jugo' in 1850, when the Imperial letter was issued to permit her to use the title 'in,' she called herself 'Shintaikenmonin.'
- 本宣旨を獲得したことにより、頼朝政権は対朝廷協調路線の度合いを強めた。
- The obtainment of this decree made the Yoritomo government facilitate the trend of a cooperative relationship with the Imperial Court.
- 寛助・範俊から灌頂を受け、天永3年(1112年)親王宣下を受けている。
- He received kanjo (a ceremony similar to baptism) by bonzes Kanjo and Hanjun, and received a royal order to become an Imperial Prince in 1112.
- また、安閑・宣化の2天皇も同じようにそれぞれが武烈の姉妹を娶っている。
- The two Emperors; Emperor Ankan, Emperor Senka, also married sisters of Emperor Buretsu as well as Emperor Keitai.
- 第一次世界大戦勃発に伴い、日英同盟に基づき日本はドイツ帝国に宣戦布告。
- At the outbreak of the WWI, Japan, based on Anglo-Japanese Alliance Treaty, declared war on German Empire.
- 本居宣長は『排蘆小船』で、これを後代の捏造であると痛烈に批判している。
- In 'Ashiwakeobune' (treatise on waka poetry), Norinaga MOTOORI made a blistering criticism that it was a fabricated account made in posterity.
- そして、1221年(承久3)5月、後鳥羽は北条義時追討の院宣を発した。
- In May 1221, Retired Emperor Gotoba issued the inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) to hunt down and destroy Yoshitoki HOJO.
- 「侍従長ハ親任又ハ勅任トス常侍奉仕シ侍従職ヲ統轄シ便宜事ヲ奏シ旨ヲ宣ス」
- 'The Grand Chamberlain should be appointed personally or officially by the Emperor, and he should serve the Emperor all the time; additionally, he also has to take care of other chamberlains and report to the Emperor.'
- さらに西銘知事が「陛下をお迎えして沖縄の戦後を終わらせたい」と宣言した。
- Furthermore, then Governor of Okinawa Prefecture Junji NISHIME declared, 'I hope that the Emperor's visit may result in the end of the postwar period of Okinawa Prefecture.'
- 文化14年(1817年)、恵仁親王が即位すると、繋子は女御宣下を受ける。
- In 1817, Tsunako received senge (imperial proclamation) to become Nyogo when the Crown Prince Ayahito ascended the throne.
- 元禄10年(1697年)2月25日、東山天皇に入内し、女御宣下を受ける。
- On February 25, 1697, she married the Emperor Higashiyama, and received the Imperial letter of appointment as the title Nyogo.
- 都落ちして平氏追討宣旨が下された時点で、平氏に従う兵は僅かになっていた。
- At the point when the Taira clan escaped Kyoto and the Imperial call for attacking the Taira clan was issued, the number of troops that followed the Taira clan had dwindled greatly.
- 徳川家康の十男徳川頼宣を家祖とし、江戸時代を通じて紀州藩の藩主であった。
- The Kishu Tokugawa family was founded by Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the tenth son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and its family heads governed Kishu Domain throughout the Edo period.
- 」と王土思想を強く宣言したこの新制は、荘園整理令を主たる内容としていた。
- Forcefully proclaiming a renewed monarchic ideology with these words, the new government began land reform that was substantively concerned with the Shoen seirirei, their order to reform the shoen (private estate) system of land ownership.
- 1075年(承保2年)に親王宣下を受け、1087年(寛治元年)元服する。
- He was appointed as Imperial Prince in 1075 and celebrated his genpuku (coming of age) ceremony in 1087.
- 応安元年/正平23年(1368年)正月親王宣下を受け、栄仁と命名される。
- He received title of Imperial Prince in the New Year of 1368, and was named Yoshihito.
- 房子は天皇の譲位に伴い同年3月25日 に新上西門院の女院号を宣下される。
- Fusako received the Imperial order to be given a nyoingo, Shinjosaimonin on March 25 of the same year along with the emperor's abdication.
- すると今度は、頼朝と法皇の間で確執が発生し、義経に頼朝討伐の院宣を下す。
- Then there was a conflict between Yoritomo and the Cloister government, the Cloistered Emperor ordered Yoshitsune to kill Yoritomo.
- 翌1141年、崇徳天皇に代わって近衛天皇が即位した年に親王宣下を受ける。
- The following year, 1141, when Emperor Konoe succeeded Emperor Sutoku, he was conferred the title of Imperial Prince.
- 一方、四位・五位の者が昇殿を認められるには昇殿宣旨を受ける必要があった。
- On the other hand, it was necessary for people in Shii (Fourth Rank)/goi (Fifth Rank) to receive a shoden no senji in order to have their shoden granted.
- そのため、光栄以後は表面上は宣明暦を掲げながら、秘かに符天暦も併用した。
- Consequently, after KAMO no Mitsuyoshi, the Kamo clan pretended to adopt only the Senmyo calendar in the eyes of the public, while in secret they also used the futenreki.
- 九鬼隆治 -1980.3.25 1919皇道宣揚会を設立し、総裁 享年96
- Takaharu KUKI - Established and led Kodosenyokai, a martial arts association, from 1919, died aged 96 in March 25, 1980
- 清原宣賢の娘は室町将軍家足利義晴に仕えており、細川氏の細川幽斎実母である。
- Nobukata KIYOHARA's daughter served the Muromachi Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, and she was the biological mother of Yusai HOSOKAWA of the Hosokawa clan.
- 万里小路宣房、万里小路藤房は、後醍醐天皇の側近として建武の新政で活躍した。
- Nobufusa MADENOKOJI and Fujifusa MADENOKOJI played active role in the Kenmu Restoration as trusted vassals of Emperor Godaigo.
- 文化 (元号)14年(1817年)、光格天皇の猶子となり親王宣下を受ける。
- In 1817, he was adopted by Emperor Kokaku and given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 後花園天皇の猶子となって1471年(文明 (日本)3年)親王宣下を受ける。
- He was adopted by Emperor Gohanazono, and announced as the Monk-Imperial Prince in 1471.
- 慶応2年(1866年)2月に親王宣下を受け、智成(さとなり)と命名される。
- He was given the title of Imperial Prince in February 1866, and named Satonari.
- 昭和天皇の皇女と婚姻した盛厚王が親王宣下などの特別待遇を受けた形跡もない。
- Prince Morihiro, who married to Emperor Showa's Princess, was not treated any different, regarding his title of Imperial Prince, etc.
- 2年後、中御門天皇が譲位して昭仁親王が即位すると、舎子は女御宣下を受ける。
- Two years later, when Emperor Nakamikado abdicated the throne and Emperor Teruhito was enthroned, Ieko NIJO was given the title of nyogo by Imperial order.
- 興宣大院君派は人材登用の面はあったが総じて小中華思想が強く西欧を排斥した。
- The Heungseon Daewongun group recruited others but most of them had strong 'Petit Sinocentrism' and totally rejected the West.
- これは清原宣賢、吉田兼倶らの手になるもので、中世神道と深いかかわりを持つ。
- These were produced by Nobukata KIYOHARA and Kanetomo YOSHIDA, and were deeply involved with Shintoism in the Medieval period.
- 頼基は能宣・大中臣輔親・伊勢大輔とつらなる大中臣氏における歌人の祖となる。
- Along with Yoshinobu, ONAKATOMI no Sukechika, and Ise no Taifu, Yorimoto was an originator of waka poems of the Onakatomi clan.
- 頼朝は宣旨施行のためと称して、源義経・源範頼ら率いる軍を京方面へ派遣した。
- Yoritomo dispatched troops led by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and MINAMOTO no Noriyori and others to the direction of Kyo in the name of enforcement of the decree.
- 大納言・中御門尚長の次男である、中御門宣持が、「岡崎」を称したのにはじまる。
- The Okazaki family started when Nobumochi, the second son of Dainagon (chief councilor of state), Naonaga NAKAMIKADO, called himself 'Okazaki.'
- 宣旨の発布と同時に、頼朝は配流前の官位である従五位下右兵衛権佐に叙せられた。
- At the time of proclamation of the decree, Yoritomo was raised to Uhyoe no Gon no suke (provisional assistant captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards) of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), which had been his former official court rank before hairu (banishment).
- 15歳で親王宣下を受け、上野太守・中務卿・式部卿を歴任し、一品に叙せられた。
- At the age of 15, he was given the title of Imperial Prince, designated as the governor of Kozuke Province, appointed to the positions of Nakatsukasa kyo (Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) and Shikibu kyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), and awarded the rank of Ippon (First Order for an Imperial Princes).
- 享禄4年(1531年)に親王宣下、翌天文 (元号)元年(1532年)に元服。
- He received the title of Imperial Prince in 1531 and had a coming-of-age ceremony in 1532.
- 建治元年(1275年)に熙仁は亀山の猶子となり親王宣下、ついで皇太子となる。
- In 1275 Imperial Prince Hirohito was adopted by Kameyama and received the title Prince by Imperial Order, then became Crown Prince.
- 1286年に親王宣下を受け、1296年に持明院統の後伏見天皇の皇太子になる。
- He received the title Prince by Imperial order in 1286 and became the Crown Prince of Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyo-in Imperial line in 1296.
- 保延4年(1138年)4月親王宣下、久安2年(1146年)4月准三后となる。
- In May and June 1138, she received the title of Imperial Princess, and in May and June 1146 she became Jusango (one of the official ranks given to Imperial family members or court nobles in the Heian period).
- 延喜11年(911年)11月28日、同母弟有明とともに親王宣下(時に5歳)。
- On December 26, 911, he was given the title of Imperial Prince with his younger brother-uterine Ariakira (at the age of 5).
- 中世においては、祖父母・父母が子孫に対してその家族関係の断絶を宣言すること。
- In the Middle Ages it meant a declaration of extinction of a family relationship by grandparent(s)/parent(s) on their descendants.
- しかし、天智9年(670年)条「朝庭の礼儀と行路の相避ることを宣う」とある。
- Yet, in the Article of the year 670 of the 'Nihonshoki', it states 'The rules and rites of the court and how to properly meet or depart from people met on the road are pronounced.'
- 女院領荘園に関する案件を中心に、女院庁からも院庁下文・院宣が発給されている。
- Nyoin no cho also issued innocho kudashibumi and inzen dealing with matters mainly concerning Nyoin's manors.
- その故事にちなみ、紀伊国へ移封されたのちも頼宣の子孫は代々常陸介に叙任された。
- Because of this, successors of Yorinobu were appointed Hitachi no Suke for generations although his fief was later moved to Kii Province.
- 文中の()の年はユリウス暦、月日は西暦部分を除き全て和暦、宣明暦の長暦による。
- Note: all subsequent years given are according to the Julian calendar, while except for a few dates also given according to the Western calendar, all months and days are given under the Japanese calendar--specifically, the long version of the (originally Chinese) Senmyoreki calendar.
- The years given in parentheses are according to the Julian calendar and, unless the context clearly indicates that the Christian calendar is being used, every month and day is based on the Senmyo calendar, a traditional Japanese calendar used to cover ancient history.
- ヤスケはもともと、宣教師との謁見の際に信長の要望で献上された黒人の奴隷である。
- Originally, Yasuke was a negroid slave who was presented to Nobunaga upon his request at the occasion of giving audience to a missionary.
- 京方は院宣の効果を絶対視しており、諸国の武士はこぞって味方すると確信していた。
- Those of the capital faction were convinced that the Imperial decree would absolutely have the desired effect, and all the warriors of the various provinces would flock to join them.
- 親王宣下の後に仁和寺に入寺し、第4世門跡覚法法親王のもとで出家し灌頂を受けた。
- After he was ordered to become an Imperial Prince, he entered the Ninna-ji Temple and become a monk and received kanjo under the 4th monseki monk-Imperial Prince Kakuho.
- 元応元年10月28日 (旧暦)(1319年12月10日)に内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was given the title of imperial princess on December 18, 1319.
- なお、禖子内親王に仕えた歌人六条斎院宣旨は「狭衣物語」の作者であると言われる。
- A poetess Rokujo Saiin no Senji who served Imperial Princess Baishi was presumably the author of 'the Tale of Sagoromo.'
- この時既に親王宣下を受けていたらしく、『砂巖』には「全仁親王」と書かれている。
- It seems he was already given the title of Imperial Prince by the time he was described as 'Imperial Prince Matahito' in the historical book 'Sagan'(sandstone).'
- 続く弘安9年(1286年)には後宇多皇子邦治王(後二条天皇)が親王宣下された。
- Then in 1286, Imperial Prince Kuniharu (Emperor Gonijo), the son of Emperor Gouda, was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 寛弘元年5月4日 (旧暦)(1004年)には清仁親王とともに親王宣下を受ける。
- He was given the title of Imperial Prince on May 25, 1004, along with Imperial Prince Kiyohito.
- 1600年(慶長5年)12月29日院号宣下により女院となり新上東門院と号した。
- On February 2, 1601, she was permitted to use ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) and became nyoin to name herself Shinjotomonin.
- 第二條 内閣總理大臣ハ内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示スヘシ
- Article 2: The Prime Minister shall report on the affairs of state to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions and direct the course of policies as the first among ministers.
- Article 2: The Prime Minister shall be the head of the Cabinet and indicate the political direction on behalf of the Emperor after informing the Emperor of important political affairs.
- 事実上の地租改正終了が宣言され、残務は大蔵省租税局(旧・租税寮)に継承された。
- As the end of the Land-Tax Reform was declared, remaining works were taken over by Sozei-Kyoku (Land-Tax Bureau) (former Sozei-Ryo; Land-Tax Bureau).
- 1881年6月30日の地租改正事務局の閉鎖に伴って地租改正の終了が宣言された。
- When the land-tax reform office was closed on June 30, 1881, the Government declared the completion of the land-tax reform project.
- 禁令を受けたイエズス会宣教師たちは平戸に集結して、以後公然の布教活動を控えた。
- The missionaries of the Society of Jesus received the prohibition edict gathered in Hirado and withheld official mission activities after that.
- 治天の君・天皇の勅裁は治天の君の場合は院宣、天皇親政時には綸旨の形で出された。
- The chokusai (imperial decision) of Chiten no kimi was issued in the form of inzen, and in the case of direct rule by the emperor the chokusai of the emperor was issued in the form of rinji (the emperor's command).
- そして慶長8年(1603年)、家康は伏見城にて将軍宣下を受け、江戸幕府を開いた。
- Ieyasu became shogun by imperial proclamation at Fushimi Castle in 1603, and this marked the beginning of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 万延元年(1860年)8月に孝明天皇の養子となり、同年11月、親王宣下を受ける。
- In August, 1860, he became an adopted child of Emperor Komei and in November of the same year, he was given the title of Imperial Prince.
- 親王宣下(しんのうせんげ)とは皇族の子女に親王、内親王の資格を与えることである。
- Giving the title of Imperial Prince is to give the title of Imperial Prince or Imperial Princess to the children of the Imperial family.
- 院宣(いんぜん)とは、太上天皇からの命令を受けた院司が、奉書形式で発給する文書。
- 'Inzen' is a document which an Inshi (official of the In no cho, or Retired Emperor's Office) issues in a format of hosho (a document informing a decision of the upper ranked personages such as an emperor or shogun) upon direct orders from Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor).
- この結果、法皇と義仲の連携が成立して12月に法皇は義仲に頼朝追討の院宣を発した。
- As a result, a coalition between the Cloistered Emperor and Yoshinaka was established and in December the Retired Emperor issued an order to Yoshinaka to attack Yoritomo.
- 1308年(延慶元年)に青連院に入り、1310年(延慶3年)に親王宣下を受ける。
- He entered into the Shoren-in Temple in 1308, and received the title to become Imperial Prince in 1310.
- 後白河は南都15ヶ寺の荘園・末寺を没官することを宣言、興福寺は激怒して強訴する。
- After that, Goshirakawa announced he would remove the manor and branch temples from fifteen temples of Nara, the Kofuku-ji Temple was enraged and made a plea to the Emperor.
- 三条西実隆、吉田兼右らに古典を、清原宣賢から漢籍を学ぶなど学問の造詣も深かった。
- He had a great knowledge of the subjects he studied, he learned the Japanese classics from Sanetaka SANJONISHI and Kanemigi YOSHIDA, and the Chinese classics from Nobukata KIYOHARA.
- この事件により、憲仁の立太子のみならず親王宣下さえも絶望的なものとなってしまう。
- Due to this incident, Prince Norihito's position as Crown Prince, and also receiving the title to become Imperial Prince were both cancelled.
- 崇神天皇7年(紀元前91年)2月、大物主神、倭迹迹日百襲姫命に乗り移り託宣する。
- In the second month of 91 B.C., Princess Yamatotobimomoso Hime no Mikoto was possessed by a god named Omononushi, who gave oracles.
- 天長4年(827年)2月26日病により退下し、宣子女王(仲野親王女)と交替した。
- On March 30, 827, she resigned her position because of a disease; Princess Yoshiko (daughter of Imperial Prince Nakano) took over the position.
- その後、翌文永5年12月(1269年1月)に院号宣下を受けて今出川院と称された。
- In January 1269, she was given the title of ingo, and was referred to as Imadegawain.
- 先の安閑天皇が亡くなったとき、その子供が居なかったために弟の宣化天皇が即位した。
- When his predecessor, Emperor Ankan died, his brother Emperor Senka ascended the throne because Emperor Ankan had no children.
- 明治維新による女院号廃止のため院号宣下は無かったが、国母として相応に厚遇された。
- There was no imperial letter issued to permit use of 'In' title because nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was abolished due to the Meiji restoration, but she was kindly treated as kokumo (mother of Emperor) accordingly.
- 立太子の礼は、天皇における即位の礼と同様、内外に地位を宣明するための儀式である。
- The ceremony of investiture of the Crown Prince is carried out to declare his position to the public in the same way as the Sokui no rei (ceremony of the enthronement).
- 父朱雀天皇退位後の天暦4年(950年)に誕生、同年8月10日内親王宣下を受ける。
- She was born in 950 after her father, Emperor Suzaku, abdicated the throne and became an Imperial Princess in September 29 of the same year by Imperial proclamation.
- 正平 (日本)23年(1368年)の後村上天皇崩御後、出家し、院号宣下を受けた。
- After Emperor Gomurakami passed away in 1368, she retired into priesthood and was given a title of nyoin.
- 六条斎院宣旨(ろくじょうさいいんのせんじ生没年不詳)は、平安時代後期の女流歌人。
- Rokujosaiin no senji (year of birth and death is not clear) was a female waka poet in the late Heian period.
- 時村はこの時期北条庶流の長老ナンバー1であり、大仏宣時のあとに連署となっていた。
- Tokimura was the most important man among the collateral line of the Hojo family during this time, and became Rensho after Nobutoki OSARAGI.
- 江戸時代には、新井白石や本居宣長らが比定地や行程などに関する独自の説を発表した。
- In the Edo period, Hakuseki ARAI and Norinaga MOTOORI delivered their own theories about the presumed location and the journey.
- なお、賤ヶ岳の七本槍の一人平野長泰は舟橋家の庶流の出(宣賢の曾孫)とする説がある。
- There is a theory that says that Nagayasu HIRANO, one of the seven excellent military commanders in Hideyoshi's army at the battle of Shizugatake, was from a branch family (Nobukata's great grandson) of the Funabashi family.
- 人口の二割を菊池姓で占めている岩手県遠野市は8月1日菊池市と友好都市宣言を結んだ。
- Tono City, Iwate Prefecture, which the family name of Kikuchi makes up the 20 % of its population, concluded the friendship city declaration with Kikuchi City on August 1.
- 広義門院が伝国詔宣を行うことによって崇光弟の後光厳天皇即位が実現することとなった。
- Kogimon-in gave the Denkoku Shosen (announcement to the nation), Suko's brother, Emperor Gokogon was able to ascend to the throne.
- 在位期間は、第6代征夷大将軍徳川家宣から第8代の徳川吉宗にかけての時代に相当する。
- The period during his reign was between the government of the sixth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Ienobu TOKUGAWA's forces and the eighth, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA's forces.
- しかし麗子は子を産むこともないまま、承元4年(1210年)3月に院号宣下を受けた。
- Reishi never had a child with the emperor, and was given the title of ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) in April 1210.
- 応保2年(1162年)女院号を宣下され、立后を行った高松殿に因んで高松院と号した。
- In 1162, an imperial letter to permit use of Nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) was issued, and she was given the title of Takamatsuin, which was named after Takamatsu-dono where the investiture of the Empress was held.
- 江戸時代初期に家康の命令で完全に京都に戻り、征夷大将軍宣下の儀式時には祈祷を行った。
- During the early Edo period, the family returned to Kyoto as ordered by Ieyasu to perform prayers at a ceremony where the emperor gave Ieyasu the title of Seii-taishogun.
- 八幡大菩薩の使いを称する巫女が宣託を告げ、興世王から「新皇」の号を進呈されたという。
- A miko, referring herself as a messenger of Hachiman Daibosatsu, made a revelation and was presented the title 'new emperor' from Okiyo-o. (Prince Okiyo)
- 翌文化8年(1811年)5月16日親王宣下を受け、盛仁と命名されるが、同月17日没。
- On July 6, 1811, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and renamed Takehito; however, he passed away on the following day.
- 翌1336年、九州落ちしていた尊氏は持明院統の光厳天皇から院宣を受けて再び東上する。
- The next year in 1336, Takauji was bestowed an Imperial command from Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin line while he was in hiding in Kyushu and he headed back east again.
- 正徳2年に忠位の養子となり徳川家宣に初めて披露され、従五位下に任官し壱岐守を名乗る。
- In 1712, he was adopted by Tadatura and was first introduced by Ienobu TOKUGAWA; he referred to himself as Iki no kami (Governor of Iki Province) after he was appointed as Jugoinoge.
- 滋子は皇太后となっていたが後白河の出家にともない、院号宣下を受けて建春門院となった。
- Shigeko was Empress during this period, however, she became Kenshunmon in after receiving an Ingo senge (a high rank given to the Empress orJunbo equivalent to the rank of retired emperor) when Goshirakawa became a priest.
- 嘉応元年(1169年)4月12日、滋子は女院に列せられて建春門院の院号を宣下される。
- On May 17, 1169, Shigeko was appointed as Nyoin (an honorific title for the mother of an emperor, etc) and received the in go title of Kenshumonin.
- 淳仁天皇は二世王から践祚したので、それ以降は親王宣下をもって親王とする慣習となった。
- Because Emperor Junnin ascended the throne as a second generation king, it became a custom to give the title of Imperial Prince to those after the second generation and make them an Imperial Prince.
- 親王は父彦仁がそうであるように親王宣下を受けるまでは源姓を名乗っており、源忠房とも。
- Like Tadafusa's father Hikohito, the Imperial Prince used the family name of Minamoto until he was given the title of Imperial Prince, so he was also called MINAMOTO no Tadafusa.
- 1895年の日清戦争は、局外中立を宣言したにもかかわらず、主戦場は朝鮮半島であった。
- During the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Korea announced neutrality but the main battlefield was in Korean Peninsula.
- 新井白石は家宣が将軍就任後すぐに、生類憐みの令を廃止し、側用人の柳沢吉保を罷免した。
- Immediately after Ienobu assumed the position of shogun, Hakuseki ARAI abolished the order Shorui Awareminorei and dismissed the sobayonin Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA.
- 第二条 内閣総理大臣ハ各大臣ノ首班トシテ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承ケテ行政各部ノ統一ヲ保持ス
- Article 2: The Prime Minister, as the head among the ministers, shall report affairs of state to the Emperor, receive his instructions, direct the course of policies, and supervise each organ of the administration.
- 治天の政治意思は、院庁が発給する院庁下文・院庁牒・院宣などによって実現されていった。
- Innocho kudashibumi (letters), innochocho (orders) and inzen (decrees) issued by In no cho embodied Chiten's political wills..
- 同年8月には藤原氏出身の光明皇后の立后を宣言するなど藤原四兄弟政権の成立に協力した。
- In September of the same year, Imperial Prince Toneri announced the investiture of the Empress Komyo, who came from the Fujiwara clan to cooperate in the establishment of the administration of four brothers of Fujiwara clan.
- 長茂は後鳥羽天皇に頼家追討の宣旨を得ようとしたが叶わず、吉野で幕府軍に討たれている。
- Nagamochi tried to obtain the imperial decree to defeat and kill Yoriie from Emperor Gotoba only to fail, and he was killed by the bakufu army in Yoshino.
- 更に安倍氏の家系の分裂とともに天文博士の地位や天文密奏宣旨のついても争いが激化した。
- Furthermore, discord within the Abe clan over the position of tenmon hakase and decrees of tenmon misso increased as the family members established branch families.
- 閑院流(藤原公季の子孫)三条公教の子、姉小路公宣が京の姉小路に居を構えた事に由来する。
- The name Anegakoji came from the fact that Kiminobu ANEGAKOJ, the son of Kiminori SANJO of the Kanin line (descendants of FUJIWARA no Kinsue), built his residence on Anegakoji-Street in Kyoto.
- 宣賢は宮中に仕えて講義を行い、明経道を整理して多くの国学、儒学の論文著作をおこなった。
- Nobukata served the Imperial Court, gave lectures and systematized Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics) in addition to producing many monographs of the study of Japanese classical literature and Confucianism.
- 鎌倉時代以後、陣定での宣下は摂政・関白の一覧など高官の任命などに限られるようになった。
- After the Kamakura Period, the Imperial proclamation in Jin no sadame came to be limited the use only for an appointment of a high officer.
- 宣経は天文年間に周防国から宋学の第一人者・南村梅軒を招きいれ、土佐南学の基礎を築いた。
- Nobutsune invited the leading expert of Sogaku (Neo-Confucianism), Baikan MINAMIMURA, from Suo Province, and then established the foundation of Tosa Nangaku (neo-Confucianism learned in Tosa).
- 後鳥羽上皇は三浦義村をはじめ幕府の有力御家人には格別の院宣を添えて使者を鎌倉に送った。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba sent a messenger to Kamakura who carried special decrees for the influential gokenin among the shogunate, and above all for Yoshimura MIURA.
- 詔(みことのり、御言宣、大御言)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- 'Mikotonori' (詔 or 御言宣), or 'Omikoto' (大御言) was a document of the emperor's words or orders to be directly conveyed.
- 1371年(応安4年)に親王宣下を受け立太子され、即座に後光厳天皇の譲位を受けて即位。
- In 1371 after receiving the title Prince by Imperial order, he immediately succeeded to the throne after Emperor Gokogon passed the throne to him.
- 寛平3年(891年)に宇多天皇の同母妹であることから内親王宣下を受けて皇族に復帰した。
- Because of her younger sister-uterine of Emperor Uda, she received the title of Imperial Princess by Imperial Order, and regained her position in the Imperial Family in 891.
- 仁安 (日本)3年(1168年)8月27日内親王宣下を受け、同日伊勢斎宮に卜定される。
- On October 7, 1168, she was given the title of imperial princess, and she was designated as Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) by bokujo (decided by fortunetelling) on the same day.
- 庶兄の宣化天皇、安閑天皇もまた継体天皇と同じく手白香皇女の姉妹を皇后に迎え入れている。
- Older brothers of Emperor Kinmei by a concubine, Emperor Senka and Emperor Ankan, also chose the sisters of Princess Tashiraka as their Empress.
- そして、白崎は安閑の在位は4年でその後はさらに4年宣化・欽明両朝が並立したとみなした。
- Shirasaki considered that Ankan reigned for 4 years and afterwards both of the court of Senka and the court of Kinmei coexisted for four years.
- 臣籍降下後も親王宣下されることを望んでいたがかなわず、応永2年(1395年)出家した。
- He wished to be given the title Imperial Prince even after he left the Imperial family, but in vain, and he became a monk in 1395.
- その過程で北海道函館では、榎本武揚らによって一時共和制が宣言される(「蝦夷共和国」)。
- By that process, in Hakodate, Hokkaido, a republic was declared for a while by Takeaki ENOMOTO ('the Ezo Republic').
- 三浦はまた、大化改新から天智天皇の代までの法制のこととも述べて、宣長の説をも包含した。
- MIURA also incorporated Norinaga's theory with his own, advocating that the phrase also means the whole legal system starting from the Taika Reforms to the laws created in the reign of Emperor Tenchi.
- 延喜20年(920年)12月内親王宣下を受け、同21年2月に父天皇の斎院に卜定された。
- She was given the title of Imperial Princess in December, 920, and appointed as Saiin for the Emperor, her father, in February, 921.
- 西太后の命により「宣戦布告」したものの、当初から列強に勝利する確信は清朝側に無かった。
- While they made a 'proclamation of war' from the order of Empress Dowager Cixi, from the start the Qing dynasty had no conviction that they would win against the allied western powers.
- 武士階級以外の階層や水戸藩領以外からも多くの参加があり、行軍中に政治的な宣伝も行った。
- People other than samurai and from other domains than the Mito Domain joined the Tenguto no Ran and political propaganda was carried out during marching.
- 天平宝字6年(762年)8月、訓儒麻呂は中宮院(淳仁天皇の御在所)に侍し、勅旨を伝宣。
- In August 762, Kusumaro served in Chuguin Palace (the residence of Emperor Junnin) and issued an imperial order.
- この「邪馬台」を「やまたい」と読んだのは国学者の本居宣長が最初であると考えられている。
- Apparently, it was the scholar of Japanese classical literature, Norinaga MOTOORI, who was the first to read '邪馬台' as 'Yamatai.'
- しかし本居宣長は国学の立場から大和朝廷との同一性を否定し、あえて「やまたい」と読んだ。
- Norinaga MOTOORI, however, denied the identification with the Yamato Dynasty from the point of view of Japanese classical literature and dared to read it 'Yamatai.'
- 自由党・硬六派ともに政府との政治休戦を宣言したが、硬六派に対する世論の支持が広がった。
- Although both the Liberal Party and the Ko Roppa declared a truce with the government, public support for the Ko Roppa increased.
- 和与状への奉行の署判と裁許状・下知状の交付によって訴訟機関は当該訴訟の終結を宣言した。
- Legal institutions announced the ending of the relevant suit based on the magistrate's signature affixed to the wayo deed and issuance of saikyojo and gechijo.
- 初代・権大納言・芝山宣豊以降、代々歌道を業とし、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米100石であった。
- After the first family head, Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) Nobutoyo SHIBAYAMA, waka poetry had been their family business for generations, and they also had 100 koku crop yields of rice during the Edo period.
- 丹波で鎌倉幕府の追討宣旨を奉じ、足利尊氏が朝廷方に転じ後醍醐天皇の建武の新政に貢献した。
- However, after receiving the Imperial decree to track down the Kamakura bakufu in Tanba, Takauji ASHIKAGA took the Imperial Court's side and helped Emperor Godaigo to start the Kenmu Restoration.
- だが、その初代である有宣は応仁の乱以来の混乱を避け、若狭国(おおい町)の荘園に下向した。
- However, Arinobu, the first family head, left the capital and went down to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Oi-cho in the Wakasa Province to avoid the turmoil of the Onin War.
- これは皇太子が即位する「践祚の儀」と即位したことを内外に宣下する「即位の礼」に分かれる。
- They are divided into the 'Senso-no-gi,' in which the Crown Prince accedes to the throne and 'Sokui no rei,' in which imperial proclamation is carried out in and around.
- 天保7年(1836年)3月4日親王宣下を受け、節仁と命名されるが、翌日(実は同日)薨去。
- On April 19, 1836, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and renamed Misahito; however, he passed away on the following day.
- 宣忠の時、本山氏、大平、山田などの諸族とともに長宗我部兼序を攻め滅ぼし、勢力を拡大する。
- In Nobutada's days, with the Motoyama clan and the Ohira clan, the Yamada clan so on, the Kira clan conquered Kanetsugu CHOSOKABE and expanded their power.
- 建仁4年(1204年)に親王宣下を受け、建暦2年(1212年)に元服して三品親王となる。
- In 1204, he was given the title of Imperial Prince, then went through genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age) in 1212 and became an Imperial Prince with the third court rank.
- 9月28日、(父・孝明天皇から)親王宣下を受け、「睦仁」の名を賜る(=睦仁親王となる)。
- On November 10, he received the title Imperial Prince from his father, Emperor Komei, and became Imperial Prince Mutsuhito.
- 前述通り『日本書紀』によれば、欽明天皇は庶兄・宣化天皇が崩御した後即位したとされている。
- As mentioned above, 'Chronicles of Japan' suggests that Emperor Kinmei succeeded the enthronement after Emperor Senka, his older brother by a concubine, passed away.
- 元明は聖武の祖母、元正は聖武の叔母だが、この宣命ではともに聖武を「わが子」と呼んでいる。
- Although Genmyo is Shomu's grandmother and Gensho is his aunt, both of them call Shomu 'my son' in the imperial edict.
- 江戸時代の本居宣長による全44巻の浩瀚な註釈書『古事記伝』は『古事記』研究の古典である。
- The 'Kojiki-den' (Commentary on the Kojiki) composed of the forty four volumes by Norinaga MOTOORI during the Edo period, a commentary comprising a huge volume, is a classic study of the 'Kojiki.'
- 第一はローマ教皇とスペイン・ポルトガル両王に日本宣教の経済的・精神的援助を依頼すること。
- First, to ask the Pope and both kings in Spain and Portugal for financial and spiritual support for missionaries to Japan.
- すなわち、元老院、大審院、地方官会議を置き、段階的に立憲君主制に移行することを宣言した。
- In a word, the emperor declared the establishment of Genro-in, Daishin-in, and local administrative assemblies and gradual shift to the constitutional system of government.
- 徳川家康家臣→駿河大納言徳川忠長付家老→古河土井氏家臣と続いた朝倉氏(朝倉宣正系)がいる。
- There was an Asakura clan (Nobumasa ASAKURA line) that continued as this; a vassal of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, then Karo (the chief retainer) to Dainagon (major councilor) of Tadanaga TOKUGAWA of Suruga Province, then a vassal of the Furukawa-Doi clan.
- 2004年6月28日、十津川村役場が、村内の温泉の「100%源泉掛け流し宣言」を発表した。
- On June 28, 2004, Totsukawa-mura village office declared that hot springs within Totsukawa-mura village are` 100% free-flowing hot-spring.'
- 正応2年(1289年)12月7日、26歳で内親王宣下を受け、同月10日准三后、女院となる。
- On January 26, 1290, she was given the title of imperial princess at age 26 and became Jusango (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) and nyoin on January 29, 1290.
- その後、後白河上皇の所有となり、宣陽門院・後深草天皇を経て持明院統に伝えられたものである。
- Later, the Kyoto Imperial Palace was owned by the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and then was succeeded by Jimyoin-to (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) through Senyomonin and Emperor Gofukakusa.
- 義和団の源流は何かという問題と並んでよく論じられるのが、清朝の列強への「宣戦布告」である。
- The Qing dynasty's 'proclamation of war' toward the allied western powers was often debated alongside the search for the origin of the Boxers.
- 寛政元年(1789年) 火付盗賊改方長官・長谷川宣以が老中・松平定信に人足寄場設置を建言。
- In 1789, Nobutame HASEGAWA, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery), proposed the establishment of Ninsokuyoseba to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, Roju (Seniour Councilor).
- 朝廷による補任は重要なものは位記・宣旨によって行われたが一般的には口宣案によって行われた。
- The important appointments were made by Iki (a letter of appointment) or by imperial decree, but common appointments were generally made by kuzen (oral decree).
- 院政を布く上皇は、自己の政務機関として院庁を設置し、院宣・院庁下文などの命令文書を発給した。
- The jokos who conducted Insei established Incho (院庁) as their own political office and therefore issued written orders such as Inzen (院宣)/In-no-cho Kudashibumi (院庁下文), etc.
- 11月7日(11月26日)、南朝によって崇光天皇と直仁皇太子の廃位が宣言された(正平一統)。
- On November 7, the abolishment of the throne of Emperor Suko and Prince Naohito was announced by the Southern court (Shohei itto).
- 1252年(建長4年)8月親王宣下を受け、1254年(建長6年)には無動寺検校に任じられる。
- He was announced as Imperial Prince in August 1252, and was assigned to Mudo-ji Temple Kengyo (supervisor of monks at Mudo-ji Temple).
- 叡山に避難していた法皇は京へ戻ると、上洛した木曾義仲・源行家らを迎えて平氏追討の院宣を下す。
- The Cloistered Emperor, who escaped to Eizan, returned to Kyoto and welcomed Yoshinaka KISO and MINAMOTO no Yukiie after they came to Kyoto from the countryside, then gave a command from a retired emperor to overthrow the Taira clan.
- また、門跡寺院に入寺する法親王・入道親王は天皇の養子として親王宣下を受けることになっていた。
- Also, Cloistered Imperial Princes and Priestly Imperial Princes who entered a monzeki temple (a high-ranking temple where members of the Imperial Family and nobility entered the priesthood) were supposed to be given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of the Emperor.
- 保延5年(1139年)7月28日、泰子は院号宣下を受け、御所名に由来する「高陽院」を称した。
- On August 31, 1139, Taishi received an ingo title of the Emperor's order, she was named 'Koyoin' which came from the name of her palace.
- これにより同年8月26日、稠宮は明治天皇の養子となり、親王宣下を受けて威仁の名を下賜された。
- Because of this, Sawanomiya became an adopted child of Emperor Meiji, and he was given the name Takehito after receiving an order by Imperial Order to become a Prince on August 26.
- しかし、水野はその後は安閑が8年間在位し、535年に欽明が即位、宣化は架空の人物と見なした。
- However, Mizuno considered that Emperor Kinmei succeeded to the throne in 535 after Ankan reigned f or eight years and that Emperor Senka is a fictional figure.
- 12月28日 (旧暦)(1869年2月9日)入内して女御の宣下を蒙り、即日皇后に立てられた。
- On Feburary 9, 1869, Shoken entered the court and obtained imperial proclamation to become a consort, and on the same day she became an empress.
- 勅使たちは翌12日(4月19日)には江戸城へ登城の上、征夷大将軍徳川綱吉に勅宣、院宣を伝奏。
- After arriving at Edo-jo Castle on April 19, Imperial messengers delivered the messages from the current and retired emperors to Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians) Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA.
- 第六條 各國務大臣ノ任免ハ内閣總理大臣之ヲ奏宣シ、内閣總理大臣ノ任免ハ首席國務大臣之ヲ奏宣ス
- Article 6: Any appointments or dismissals of Cabinet Ministers shall be reported to the Emperor by the Prime Minister, and the appointment or dismissal of the Prime Minister shall be reported to the Emperor by the ranking Minister of State.
- Article 6: The appointment and dismissal of each Minister of State shall be stated by the Prime Minister to the Emperor, and the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister shall be informed by the head of the Minister of State.
- 800石...九条道孝(公卿)、沢宣嘉(公卿)、大山綱良(鹿児島藩士)、由利公正(福井藩士)
- 800 koku... Michitaka KUJO (a court noble), Nobuyoshi SAWA (a court noble), Tsunayoshi OYAMA (a feudal retainer of Kagoshima Domain), Kimimasa YURI (a feudal retainer of Fukui Domain)
- 1517年、惟豊は日向の国人甲斐親宣らの助力を得て惟長父子に反撃し、本拠地矢部町を奪還する。
- In 1517, with the help of Chikanobu KAI who was the Hyuga local lord, Koretoyo counterattacked Korenaga and his son and regained the clan's home ground called Yabe Town.
- 宝暦5年(1755年)10月に従三位に叙され、11月に桃園天皇の後宮に入って女御宣下を受けた。
- She was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in November 1755, and became Nyogo with the imperial proclamation as entering the Emperor Momozono's court in December.
- この時、雅成親王は宣陽門院の御所である「六条殿」で成長していたため「六条宮」と呼称されていた。
- During this time, Imperial Prince Masanari grew up at 'Rokujodono,' Senyomonin's Imperial Palace, and hence he was called 'Rokujo no Miya.'
- 彼は学芸に優れた才人だったが、平氏政権の圧力で30歳近い壮年でなお親王宣下も受けられずにいた。
- He showed remarkable talent in his literary and artistic accomplishments, but due to pressure from the Taira administration, he still had not received an official proclamation of his status as an imperial prince despite being nearly 30, in the prime of his life.
- これは、キリスト教の宣教師たちに「坂東の大学」といわれ、当時の日本の中心的な学校と考えられた。
- This was called 'the college of Bando' by Christian missionaries, and in those day it was thought as a central school in Japan.
- 義栄は三好氏の、義昭は朝倉氏の支援をそれぞれ受けており、将軍宣下のための上洛は近いと思われた。
- Respectively supported by the Miyoshi and Asakura clans, Yoshihide and Yoshiaki were expected soon to proceed to Kyoto to be proclaimed as the new Shogun.
- なお、全国京都会議に加盟していなくても、観光宣伝などを目的とした自称、他称の「小京都」は多い。
- There exist many towns called 'Little Kyoto' that are not member of the National Kyoto Conference, promoting themselves for the sake of tourism.
- 京都に駐留していた範頼・義経軍は、後白河上皇による寿永三年宣旨を獲得して京都から福原へ向かう。
- Noriyori and Yoshitsune's troops who were staying at Kyoto obtained the Imperial Order issued in 1184 by the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and headed from Kyoto to Fukuhara.
- 生後7ヶ月と11日(数え年で2歳)で親王宣下・立太子し、その日のうちに践祚(歴代最年少即位)。
- He received the title of Prince by Imperial order when he was seven months and eleven days old (two years old by counting in the old Japanese way) and became Crown Prince, he then succeeded to the throne on the same day. (the youngest Emperor in the history)
- 三上皇の拉致により、北朝では公事が停止し、院宣を発する治天の君や三種の神器も無い状態であった。
- After the three retired Emperors were taken away, public affairs were suspended in the Northern Court, and there was either no Chikun no Kimi to issue commands from the ex-emperor or they did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 1694年、霊元上皇は政務の天皇への移譲を宣言するものの、実権は依然として上皇の手中にあった。
- In 1694, although Retired Emperor Reigen announced to move the political base from his to the Emperor, the Retired Emperor still had power to rule the actual government.
- 清朝の宣戦布告は、清朝内に在住する外国人及び中国人クリスチャンの孤立を意味するも同然であった。
- The proclamation of war by the Qing Dynasty resulted in the isolation of foreigners and Chinese Christians living in the Qing dynasty.
- つまり清朝の宣戦布告以前より、列強は中国に軍隊を派遣し義和団掃討作戦を実施していたことになる。
- In other words, the allied western powers dispatched an army to China and implemented a clean up operation of the Boxers even before proclamation of war by the Qing dynasty.
- 翌永享7年(1435年)義教は光宣の訴えにより越智維通らの再度の討伐を決め、幕府軍を派遣した。
- In 1435, Yoshinori once again made up his mind to subdue Koremichi OCHI and his allies by the request from Mitsunobu and dispatched the army of bakufu.
- また、将軍家が分裂している時期については将軍宣下を受けて在京している将軍を正統とみなしている。
- During the period in which shogun family split, the shogun who received the shogun senge (appointment to shogun) and resided in Kyoto was deemed to be legitimate.
- このため、大御所であった父親が死ぬと直ちに「御代始」を宣言して積極的に政務を臨む姿勢を示した。
- For this reason, immediately after the death of a father, Ogosho, declaring Miyohajime was the way to show the attitude of actively engaging in the government affairs.
- これは当時の宣教師の記述によるもので、その記述には「織田信雄が暗愚だったので放火した」とある。
- This is based on the description made by a missionary in those days, which says, 'Nobukatsu ODA was so foolish that he directed his troops to set fire.'
- 1183年(寿永2年) -頼朝が寿永二年十月宣旨により朝廷から間接的に土地支配権を認められる。
- 1183 - Yoritomo was approved to have the control of lands indirectly by Imperial Court according to Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji.
- 母玖玖麻毛理比売について本居宣長は山城国久世郡の栗隈(くりくま)郷を縮めて云うか、と述べている。
- Norinaga MOTOORI mentioned that his mother, Kukumamorihime, may be the shortened form for Kurikuma kyo in Kuse-gun Yamashiro Province.
- 頼朝は、義仲に対する優越を確実にするため、宣旨の対象地域に北陸道を加えるよう朝廷へ要請していた。
- Yoritomo had requested that the Imperial Court include the Hokurikudo into the area covered by the decree in order to ensure his superiority over Yoshinaka.
- 細川氏が力を失った後の土佐においては土佐一条氏を奉じ、宣経の時に一条氏から伊予国守に任ぜられた。
- After the Hosokawa clan lost its power in Tosa Province, the Kira clan obeyed the Tosa Ichijo clan, and assigned to Iyo no kuni no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) by the Ichijo clan when the era of Nobutsune.
- しかし義経が敗れ、今度は頼朝の抗議と兵糧攻めを受けると、後白河法皇は頼朝に義経追討の院宣を下す。
- However, Yoshitsune lost the fight, this time Yoritomo protested against Goshirakawa and cut off the supply of food to him, he then gave a command from the retired emperor to hunt down and kill Yoshitusne.
- 永禄11年(1568年)12月に親王宣下され元服、天正12年(1584年)1月三品に叙せられる。
- In December 1568 (old calendar), he received the title of Imperial Prince by Imperial Order and had a coming of age ceremony; in January 1584 (old calendar), he received the rank of Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Prince's ranks).
- 文安元年(1444年)に親王宣下、翌文安2年(1445年)に元服、寛正5年(1464年)に二品。
- He received the title Imperial Prince in 1444 and had a coming-of-age-ceremony in 1445, and received Nihon (the second rank of Imperial Prince) in 1464.
- これを確かめるべく、和気清麻呂が勅使として宇佐八幡に送られたが、この託宣は虚偽であると復命した。
- WAKE no Kiyomaro was sent to Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine as an imperial envoy to ascertain the authenticity of this oracle which, he confirmed, was false.
- 欽明天皇もまた手白香皇女の姉妹を母に持つ、宣化天皇皇女の石姫皇女を皇后に迎え敏達天皇をもうけた。
- Emperor Kinmei too received Prince Ishihime no Himemiko, the Princess between Emperor Senka and one of the sisters of Princess Tashiraka, as his wife and Emperor Bidatsu was born between them.
- そして宣統3(1911)年、辛亥革命による中華民国の成立により、王朝国家としての中国は終焉する。
- In 1911, China as a dynastic nation ended when the Republic of China was founded after the Xinhai Revolution.
- 18日、天誅組は鈴木源内を梟首し、五条を天朝直轄地として、この年の年貢を半減することを宣言する。
- On September 30, Tenchu-gumi displayed the severed head of Gennai SUZUKI and declared that as the Imperial demesne the land tax of Gojo City for that year would be reduced to half of what had been taxed until previous year.
- 戦後の日本の政治家の発言や日朝平壌宣言のような外交文書でも朝鮮が植民地であったとする表現がある。
- An expression that Korea was a colony is seen in Japanese statesmen's comments after the war, and in some diplomatic documents, such as the Japan-North Korea Pyongyang Declaration.
- 吉野の盟約とは天武天皇と皇后の持統天皇がその間にもうけた草壁皇子を次期天皇であると宣言した盟約。
- The Yoshino pact was concluded by Emperor Tenmu and his empress who was later known as Empress Jito promising their son, Prince Kusakabe, to be the next emperor.
- 律令制においては補任の際には位階は位記授与、官職は宣旨による告示とそれに付随する儀式が行われる。
- Under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), a ceremony in which Iki (a letter of appointment) is awarded for Ikai, and a notification of a governmental post by senji (imperial decree) and its incidental ceremony are implemented at the time of appointment.
- 初代藩主・京極高通 (丹後国峰山藩主)は朽木宣綱の次男として生まれたが、京極高知の養子となった。
- The first lord Takamichi KYOGOKU (lord of the Mineyama domain of Tango province) was born as the second son of Nobutsuna KUTSUKI and was adopted by Takatomo KYOGOKU.
- 同年、光格天皇の猶子となり、天保3年(1832年)に親王宣下を受け、嘉言(よしこと)と命名される。
- The same year, he was adopted to the Emperor Kokaku and given the title of imperial prince and the name Yoshikoto.
- 徳川頼宣(紀州徳川家)- 光貞 - 吉宗(八代将軍)- - - - - - - 慶福(十四代将軍)
- Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, who was of the Kishu Tokugawa family, and his lineage included Mitsusada, Yoshimune, the eighth Shogun, and Yoshitomi, the fourteenth shogun.
- その後、小早川宣平、小早川貞平、小早川春平 の三代の間に芸予諸島に進出し、小早川水軍の基礎を築く。
- Through three generations of Nobuhira KOBAYAKAWA, Sadahira KOBAYAKAWA and Haruhira KOBAYAKAWA, the clan advanced to the Geiyo Islands and formed the basis for the Kobayakawa Navy.
- 梅雨期間の終了発表のことを俗に梅雨明け宣言というが、気象庁の発表によって梅雨が明けるわけではない。
- Announcement of the end of the period of baiu is called tsuyuake sengen (declaration of tsuyuake), but baiu does not end because of the declaration by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
- 翌2日未明、桂川 (淀川水系)を渡ったところで「敵は本能寺にあり」と宣言して、襲撃を明らかにした。
- The next day, on June 2 before dawn, when they crossed the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo river system), Mitsuhide declared, 'Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple,' making it clear that they would attack Nobunaga.
- 房子は天和 2年(1682年)12月7日 准三后宣下され、翌年の2月14日 には中宮に冊立される。
- On December 7, 1682, she received the Imperial order to be ranked as Jusango, then officially became the second consort of Emperor Reigen by royal edict on February 14, the next year.
- 続いて弘安9年(1287年)には亀山の嫡孫にあたる後宇多皇子邦治王(後二条天皇)が親王宣下された。
- Subsequently Kameyama's grandchild and Emperor Gouda's Prince, Prince Kuniharu (the Emperor Gonijo) received the title Prince by Imperial Order in 1287.
- すなわち宣教師であった彼にとって、『万国公法』の訳出は広い意味でキリスト教伝道活動の一部であった。
- For him, who was a missionary, translation of 'Bankoku Koho' was a part of his missionary activities for Christianity in a broader sense.
- その編纂は、『類聚三代格』や『類聚符宣抄』と同じく、各文書を部目別に収録する体裁が採られているが、
- The compilation has a style in which each documents are divided by the same category as 'Ruiju sandai kaku (assorted regulations from Three Reigns)' or 'Ruiju fusensho'.
- このため、東京帝国大学・京都帝国大学の教授は大学の自治と学問の自由への侵害として総辞職を宣言した。
- This caused all the professors at Tokyo Imperial University and Kyoto Imperial University to proclaim their resolve to resign protesting this was the usurpation of autonomy in a university and academic freedom.
- ほかに、清原元輔・大中臣能宣・源道済・藤原長能・同藤原公任ら後撰・拾遺時代の歌人も重視されている。
- Poets from the period of Gosen (Wakashu) and Shui (Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poems) were considered important: KIYOHARA no Motosuke, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, MINAMOTO no Michinari, FUJIWARA no Nagato, and FUJIWARA no Kinto.
- 天暦2年(948年)、叔父村上天皇に請われて20歳で入内し、同3年(949年)女御の宣旨を受ける。
- In 948, at the age of twenty, she entered the Court at the request of her uncle Emperor Murakami, and received her official appointment as Court Lady in 949.
- 例えば『吾妻鏡』の1181年(養和元年)8月13日条の記述には木曽義仲追討の宣旨が出されたとある。
- For example, the entry in 'Azuma Kagami' dated August 13, 1181, says that an Imperial order to send a punitive force against Yoshinaka KISO was issued.
- 近世初期に宣教師らが日本を訪れ、一部に西洋美術が知られるようになったが、その影響は局所的であった。
- At an early stage of the early modern ages, Christian missionaries came over to Japan, and Western art became known to some Japanese at that time, but its influence on Japanese art was quite limited.
- 大正2年(1913年)に断絶したが、大正天皇の第3皇子の高松宮宣仁親王が有栖川宮家の祭祀を継承する。
- In 1913, the family died out, but Imperial Prince Nobuhito TAKAMATSUNOMIYA, the third son of the Emperor Taisho, carried on the religious services of the Arisugawanomiya family.
- ただし、宗家の中御門家は室町時代の松木宗宣の代に勧修寺流の中御門家との重複を避けて松木家と改称した。
- In the generation of Munenori during the Muromachi period, the Nakamikado family (head family) was renamed the Matsunoki family to refrain from having the same family name as the family in the Kajuji line.
- また、橋本政宣は、信長が就任を受けたのは征夷大将軍ではなく、太政大臣であったとする見解を出している。
- Masanobu HASHIMOTO presented that Nobunaga accepted the post of Daijo daijin instead of Seii taishogun.
- 1603年(慶長8年)常胤法親王の資となり妙法院に入室し、1613年(慶長18年)親王宣下を受けた。
- In 1603, he became a 資 of monk-Imperial Prince Join and entered the Myoho-in Temple, and received an Imperial order to become an Imperial Prince in 1613.
- 寛徳2年(1045年)親仁親王の受禅に伴って女御宣下を受け、永承元年(1046年)中宮に冊立される。
- With the juzen (accession to the throne as a result of abdication) of Imperial Prince Chikahito in 1045, she received the title of nyogo (a court title given to a consort of the Emperor) and was officially appointed as the second consort of the emperor in 1046.
- 延久元年(1069年)落飾、太皇太后となり、同6年(1074年)院号宣下を受けて以後二条院と称する。
- She shaved her head to enter the priesthood, became the Grand Empress Dowager in 1069, and named herself Nijoin after receiving the title ingo in 1074.
- 延長 (元号)8年(930年)9月内親王宣下を受け、天慶元年(938年)8月西三条第にて裳着を行う。
- In September 930, she was given the title of imperial princess, and she went through Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls) at Nishi Sanjo-tei residence in September 938.
- この高久は、鬼平犯科帳において、鬼平こと長谷川宣以の良き理解者として登場する人物としても有名である。
- Takahisa is famous as a character that appeared in 'Onihei Hankacho' (Onihei's crimes note), who understands Nobutame HASEGAWA quite well, known as Onihei.
- 宝永4年(1707年)5月3日に准后宣下を経て、翌宝永5年(1708年)2月27日、中宮に冊立される。
- She received the Imperial letter of appointment as the title Jugo on May 3, 1707; She was given the title Chugu on February 27, 1708.
- 義貞は反論の文書を提出し、審議の結果義貞の訴えを認め、尊氏を討伐することに決定し、義貞に宣旨を下した。
- Yoshisada submitted a counter document and his claim was accepted as a result of the deliberation, then the Emperor Godaigo decided to defeat Takauji and proclaimed an imperial decree to Yoshisada.
- さらに、紀州徳川家の祖である徳川頼宣は同母兄であるので、ある時期まで紀州家の分家であると考られていた。
- Moreover, since Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the founder of the Kishu Tokugawa Family, and Yorifusa were brothers by the same mother (Yorinobu was the older), the Mito family had been considered to be a branch of the Kishu family for a while after its foundation.
- 重要事項の宣告に用いられ、天皇は署名せず、草案に日付を書き(御画日)、成案に可の字を書いた(御画可)。
- It was used to pronounce the important issues the emperor did not sign, but put a date on a draft (Gokakujitsu) and then pass on the final draft (Gokakuka).
- ここで詔書の内容が宣命として口頭で伝達される(誥)とともに太政官符が交付されて詔書が発効するのである。
- Then the contents of the imperial rescript were orally conveyed (ko) as a senmyo (a type of document to give the emperor's order) and daijokanpu was delivered and the imperial rescript was issued.
- その皇位継承に当たり、当時の先例では、神器がなくとも最低限、治天の君による伝国詔宣が必要とされていた。
- According to precedent at the time, 伝国詔宣 by Chiten no kimi was at least required even if sacred treasures were not available in order to succeed the throne.
- しかし翌年、称徳天皇は河内の由義宮に行幸し同地を西京とする旨を宣したのち、病臥、100日余で崩御した。
- The next year, Emperor Shotoku visited Yugeno-miya Detached Palace in Kawachi Province and declared to designate the place as the western capital of Japan but she soon fell sick and died about 100 days later.
- 具体的には、大正時代に三浦周行が『続法制史の研究』で、即位の宣命に現れるのは近江令のことであるとした。
- Concretely, in the Taisho period, Hiroyuki MIURA presented his theory in 'Zoku Hoseishi no Kenkyu' (A Study of the History of Law: Part II), and argued that the law described in the various imperial edicts upon enthronement, was Omi-Ryo code.
- 親王所生の子供達が三条天皇の猶子の資格として二世王でありながら親王宣下を受けるなど破格の待遇を受けた。
- His children born in the imperial prince's palace were treated in an excessively honorable way; they were proclaimed as imperial princes eligible to become the adopted children of Emperor Sanjo although they were actually the children of the retired emperor.
- しかし香川正矩の『陰徳記』に「器量が悪い」との記述が現われ、香川宣阿の『陰徳太平記』に継承されている。
- But in the Masanori KAGAWA's 'Intokuki,' she is described as 'unattractive,' and this assessment was passed down to Sena KAGAWA's 'Intoku taiheiki.'
- なお、百人一首に「みかきもり衛士のたく火の夜はもえ昼はきえつつ物をこそ思へ」が能宣作として入っている。
- The following verse in the Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets) is attributed to Yoshinobu: 'Just as a fire made by imperial guards flares up at night but is quenched by day, my love for you blazes up at night and torments me by day.'
- 宗宣はその宣時の子であり、1302年当時は一番引付頭人で官途奉行、翌年北条宗方とともに越訴頭人となる。
- Munenobu was a son of Nobutoki, and was the first head of the legal office and Kanto-bugyo, a commissioner of the appointment to an office in 1302, becoming the chief of suit together with Munekata HOJO in the following year.
- その規模、容姿は太田牛一や宣教師の記述にあるように天下布武、信長の天下統一事業を象徴する城郭であった。
- According to the descriptions made by Gyuichi OTA and the missionary, the scale and appearances of the castle symbolized Nobunaga's task of unifying the whole country that was expressed in his policy 'Unify Japan by the military government.'
- 1985年1月、京都市仏教会は京都市が古都税を施行した場合に24の寺社が拝観停止に踏み切ると宣言した。
- January 1985: The Kyoto City Buddhism Organization declared that twenty-four temples and shrines would take the step of refusing visitors in the event that Kyoto City enforced the Old Capital Tax.
- しかし明治維新後には旧皇室典範によって永世皇族制が採用され、親王宣下および世襲親王家の制度は廃止された。
- However, after the Meiji Restoration, an Imperial Family Law was passed stipulating a system of permanent Imperial Family membership, and abolishing the Imperial order that had conferred the title of Imperial Prince and the system of the Seshu-Shinno-ke.
- 室町時代の清原宣賢は、吉田神社詞官神道家吉田兼倶の3男だったが、明経博士だった清原家に養子として入った。
- Nobukata KIYOHARA, of the Muromachi period, was the third son of Kanetomo YOSHIDA who was a shintoist of Yoshida-jinja Shrine, and was adopted by the House of Kiyohara, which was Myogyo-hakase, professor of Confucian studies.
- なお入内に際し、正室の近衛熈子が伯母にあたる縁から、江戸幕府第6代征夷大将軍徳川家宣の猶子となっている。
- When she got married, she became the adopted child of Ienobu TOKUGAWA, the sixth Seii taishogun (literally, 'great General who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), because his lawful wife Hiroko KONOE was Hisako's aunt.
- 明和7年(1770年)、英仁親王の即位に伴い、安永 (元号)元年(1772年)12月に女御宣下を受ける。
- In December 1772, She received an imperial letter of appointment as the title Nyogo, in consequence of that Imperial Prince Hidehito had been enthroned to the Emperor in 1770.
- 応仁・文明 (日本)期には、宣通が細川勝元の将として上洛、応仁の乱においてそれなりの軍功を立てたという。
- Through the Onin era to the Bunmei era, Nobumichi served Katsumoto HOSOKAWA as a commander and went to Kyoto, Nobumichi succeeded to distinguish himself during the military service in the Onin War.
- 奈良一乗院の門主となり、親王宣下の後、出家して京都青蓮院門跡となり、天台座主を兼ね尊融入道親王と称した。
- He became the chief priest of Nara Ichijo-in Temple, after he received the title Prince by Imperial order, he became a priest and the priest-prince of Shoren-in Temple, he was the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism and named as the monk-Prince Sonyu.
- 文治5年(1189年)、義経が殺されると、頼朝より奥州藤原氏追討の院宣が願いだされるが、これを拒否した。
- In 1189 after Yoshitsune was killed, Yoritomo asked Goshirakawa to issue a command from the retired emperor to kill the FUJIWARA clan in Oshu (Mutsu Province), however he refused to do so.
- 「和宮」は誕生の際に賜られた幼名で、「親子」は文久元年(1861年)の内親王宣下の際に賜られた諱である。
- Kazunomiya' was her childhood name which was given when she was born, 'Chikako' was given by the Emperor when she officially became the Princess in 1861.
- 明確な記録は欠くものの、『日本後紀』の記述よりその際に親王宣下が行われて三品が与えられたと見られている。
- Although no reliable record has been found, 'Nihonkoki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) suggested that Prince Tsuneyo was given the title of Imperial Prince on this occasion and awarded the rank of Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Princess's ranks).
- 同年11月には院号宣下を受けるが、同時期に母談天門院が没したため、まもなく出家して法号を真理覚と称した。
- In December of the same year, she was given an Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), but since her mother Dantenmonin died in the same period, she became as a priest and decided her hogo (a Buddhist name) as Shinrikaku.
- そこで上皇より「仲麻呂と関係が深かったこと」を理由に廃位を宣告され、親王の待遇をもって淡路国に流される。
- Due to the 'close relationship with Nakamaro,' Emperor Junnin was dethroned by Retired Empress Koken and exiled to Awaji Province, having been treated as the Imperial Prince.
- しかし、横浜居留地の外国商社は、横浜を動かず、主にキリスト教宣教師の教会堂やミッションスクールが入った。
- However, the foreign firms in the Yokohama settlement did not relocate from Yokohama, and so it was mainly churches and mission schools of Christian missionaries that came to the Tsukiji settlement.
- この一条兼良の作った「年立」を後に本居宣長が作った「年立」(「新年立」)に対して「旧年立」と呼んでいる。
- Kanera ICHIJO's chronology is called 'the old chronology' in contrast with the later one by Norinaga MOTOORI ('the new chronology').
- 『吾妻鏡』と同じく後年の編纂である『百錬抄』にも、このときに「義仲追討の宣旨が出された」との記載がある。
- 'Hyakuren-sho,' which was also compiled later as well as 'Azuma Kagami,' contains an account saying that 'an Imperial order to send a punitive force against Yoshinaka was issued.'
- また慶喜も諸外国の公使に対して外交権の継続を宣言するなど、次第に列侯会議派の巻き返しが顕著となってきた。
- Additionally, Yoshinobu himself declared his continuation of diplomatic rights to the ministers of foreign countries, so gradually and then noticeably, the party of council by feudal lords recovered from this set back.
- ポルトガル人イエズス会宣教師であるルイス・フロイスは著書『日本史』に、天主に関して次のように記している。
- Portuguese Jesuit missionary Luis FROIS described the castle tower in his book 'Nihonshi' as follows.
- 牛車宣旨(ぎっしゃのせんじ)とは、内裏に参内する際に牛車に乗車したまま宮門を通過することを許可する勅許。
- Gissha senji was an imperial decree that allowed one to pass the Miya mon (Imperial palace gate) while riding on a gissha (ox-drawn carriage) when visiting the Imperial inner court.
- 同年12月に東山上皇が崩御すると、翌宝永7年(1710年)3月21日に女院号宣下を受け、間もなく出家する。
- Once the retired Emperor Higashiyama died in December of the same year, Princess Yukiko received the imperial proclamation for 'nyoingo' (the title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) on March 21, 1710; She became a Buddhist nun soon after that.
- 義栄は一万疋の献金を半分にまけて貰った上に永禄11年(1568年)2月に摂津富田において将軍宣下を受けた。
- Yoshihide succeeded in not only bargaining down the donation of 10,000 hiki to a half but also winning proclamation as Shogun at Settsu-Tonda in March and April 1568.
- 儒家でない者で文章得業生になることができない文章生については、特に方略宣旨を申請して、「対策」を受験した。
- Those Monjosho who were not Confucian and could not become Monjo tokugosho, made a special petition for Horyaku senshi (an imperial letter) to take the 'taisaku' exam.
- 背後を突かれた幕府軍は総崩れとなり鎌倉や切通しなどで大仏貞直、大仏宣政、本間泰宣、金沢貞将などは戦死した。
- Attacked from behind, the Kamakura bakufu forces suffered a total defeat, so Sadanao OSARAGI, Nobumasa OSARAGI, Yasunobu HONMA, Sadayuki KANESAWA were killed in the war at Kamakura on some slope there.
- 7月11日には近衛前久の猶子となって関白宣下を受け、天正14年(1586年)9月9日には豊臣の姓を賜った。
- After becoming an adopted child of Sakihisa KONOE and receiving an imperial proclamation to become kanpaku in August 6, he was given the family name, TOYOTOMI, in October 21, 1586.
- 逆に追討の宣旨を出されて没落して奥州藤原氏の元へ逃れるが、文治5年(1189年)閏4月に平泉町で殺された。
- After this another Imperial decree was issued, yet this one was issued against him, commanding that Yoshitsune himself be hunted down; facing ruin, he fled to his Fujiwara ally in northern Japan, but in April, 1189, he was assassinated in the town of Hiraizumi.
- 続いて同年10月17日には、天皇が皇国一体・東西同視のもと内外の政を自ら裁決することを宣言する詔を発した。
- Then on October 17, the emperor declared that he, himself, would decide the total government for the imperial country about to be unified, and east and west to be identified.
- 弘化4年(1847年)仁孝天皇の猶子となり、翌嘉永元年(1848年)3月親王宣下を蒙り、貞教と命名される。
- He was adopted by Emperor Ninko in 1847, and given the title of Imperial Prince in March 1848 and named Sadanori.
- 宝永5年(1708年)東山天皇の猶子となり、翌宝永6年(1715年)5月親王宣下を蒙り、貞建と命名される。
- In 1708, he became a yushi (another child considered as one's own) of Emperor Higashiyama and received the Emperor's proclamation for being an Imperial Prince in June and July 1709 and was named Sadatake.
- 逆に世襲親王家の当主などの皇孫以下の世代に相当する皇族であっても、親王宣下を受けて親王となることもあった。
- On the other hand, there were cases where even an Imperial family who corresponds to younger generations than the Imperial grandchild, such as the head of a hereditary Shinno family, would become a Shinno by receiving the title of Imperial Prince.
- 5代当主・常盤井宮全明親王の子として生まれ、永正9年(1512年)11月に親王宣下される(『実隆公記』)。
- He was born as the son of Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Mataakira, who was the 5th head, and in December 1512, he was given the title of Imperial Prince ('Sanetaka ko ki' - the journal of Sanetaka SANJONISHI).
- ちなみにこの『建内記』では「入道直明王」とあり、常盤井宮家当主の中で唯一親王宣下を受けられなかったらしい。
- The 'Kennaiki' describes him as 'Monk-prince Naohito,' and this suggests that he was the only one among the heads of the Tokiwanomiya family who was not given the title of Imperial Prince.
- その後も大井は自由党再興運動を起こすが実らず、翌1890年に中江兆民らとともに自由党再興を独自に宣言した。
- Nevertheless, Oi launched a restoration campaign of Liberal Party in vain, and in 1890 (the following year), together with Chomin NAKAE and others, he declared the restoration of the Liberal Party on their own.
- おそらく、各家に依頼し、その家に伝わる家系図や口宣案(位階官職の辞令)などの提供を受けたものと推測される。
- It is assumed that possibly, in response to his request, the Jige-families offered their family trees and the kuzenan (official announcements of appointment) that had been handed down from generation to generation.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降は宣旨枡の検定がほとんど行われなくなり、各地でその地域だけで通用する升が作られた。
- From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the authorization of senji-masu became rarely done, and instead, local provinces began to use masu of their own.
- 製作者の大半は明経道博士家にかかわりを持つ人々であり、特に清原宣賢がこの分野において果たした役割は大きい。
- Most of the writers were connected with the family of Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics) experts, and Nobukata KIYOHARA played an especially important role in this genre.
- 鏡王は他史料に見えないが、「王」称から2世 - 5世の皇族(王族)と推定され、一説に宣化天皇の曾孫という。
- Kagami no Okimi may have been a member of the ozoku (kozoku (the Imperial Family) who are second- to the fifth-generation descendants of an emperor) judging by the title '王' (O, which was used by male descendants of emperors up to the fifth generation), although his name does not appear in any other historical source; moreover, according to one theory, he may have been a great-grandson of Emperor Senka.
- 『類聚符宣抄』によれば、元は漢の東海王の末裔であった波能志(はのし)の子孫で錦部村首、後に錦宿禰を名乗った。
- According to the 'Ruiju Fusensho' (a collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093), the founder of this lineage of the Miyoshi was a descendant of Hanoshi, who was himself a descendant of Prince of Donghai in Han, named Nishikori no Muraobito (錦部村首) later as Nishiki no Sukune.
- 寛保2年(1742年)桜町天皇の猶子となり、翌寛保3年(1743年)10月親王宣下を蒙り、邦忠と命名される。
- In 1742, he was adopted by the Emperor Sakuramachi and in 1743, he received the title of the Imperial Prince and was named Kunitada.
- また、終戦の際、ポツダム宣言の受諾・降伏を決定することは総理大臣にも出来ず、天皇の「聖断」を仰ぐ他なかった。
- When deciding whether to accept the Potsdam Declaration and surrender at the end of World War II, even the Prime Minister was not allowed to decide it by himself and so they had to ask the Emperor to make an 'Imperial decision'.
- 永禄末年頃、本山氏を降した長宗我部元親は、自らの実弟にして宣直の女婿である親貞をして吉良氏の名跡を継がせた。
- Around the end of Eiroku era (1558-1570), after defeating the Motoyama clan, Motochika CHOSOKABE let his biological younger brother and Nobunao's son-in-law, Chikasada, succeed to the family name of Kira.
- しかし、頼朝が奥州藤原氏を攻めると、事後承諾の形で奥州藤原氏追討の院宣を下し、後に頼朝は上洛して法皇と和解。
- But when Yoritomo attacked the Fujiwara clan in Oshu (Mutsu Province), Goshirakawa issued the command to follow and kill the Fujiwara clan in Oshu, later on Yoritomo went to Kyoto and was reconciled with the Cloistered Emperor.
- 明治以前には、たとえ天皇の子供であっても親王宣下を受けない限り親王を名乗る事は出来なかった(参考:以仁王)。
- Before Meiji Period, even a child of an emperor could not announce himself as Shinno unless he received the title of Imperial Prince (Reference Prince Mochihito).
- 外国人宣教師やその信者たちと、郷紳や一般民衆との確執・事件を仇教事件(史料では「教案」と表記される)という。
- Kyukyo Incident (the historical materials refer to it as '教案' [Kyoan]) was the feud or incident between the foreign missionary and their believers versus Kyoshin and common people.
- 本来綱吉は兄・徳川綱重が先に死去していたため、襲職した経緯もあり、綱重の子・徳川家宣が後継に擬せられていた。
- Since Tsunayoshi succeeded shogunate after the death of his older brother, Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, a son of Tsunashige, Ienobu TOKUGAWA, was set down as a candidate for the successor.
- 天皇の補佐や、詔勅の宣下や叙位など、朝廷に関する職務の全般を担っていた為に、八省の中でも最も重要な省である。
- Nakatsukasa-sho was regarded as the most important ministry among the eight central ministries, because it administered all duties related to the Imperial Court, such as assisting the Emperor, proclaiming the imperial edict, conferring the court rank.
- 1884年(明治17年)7月7日平堂上のうち、大納言まで宣任の例が多い家が伯爵に、それ以外は子爵に叙せられた。
- On July 7, 1884, among hiradojo, families from which many were promoted to Dainagon (Chief councilor of state) were appointed to count and others to viscount.
- 逆に世襲親王家の当主などの天皇の孫以下の世代に相当する皇族であっても、親王宣下を受けて親王となることもあった。
- Conversely, even such members of the Imperial family as the head of a hereditary family of prince, who were in the generations same as or after the grandchildren of Emperor, sometimes became an Imperial Prince by an imperial order.
- 天佑ヲ保有シ万世一系ノ皇祚ヲ践メル大日本帝国天皇ハ昭ニ忠誠勇武ナル汝有衆ニ示ス(米英両国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔書)。
- I am the Emperor who was given the grace of gods and a descendant of the unbroken Imperial family, and I declare to the Japanese people who have a clear loyalty and bravery (the declaration of war to USA and England).
- とすると、前記の如く、本書収録の最新年次の文書は寛治7年の宣旨であるため、長暦3年説を採用すると矛盾が生じる。
- However, the latest document included there is an imperial decree issued in 1093, as described before, contradicting the theory that its compilation ended in 1039.
- 平安後期になると、官符よりも簡易な形態の官宣旨(かんせんじ)や院政下での院宣が主流となり、官符は廃れていった。
- In the late Heian period, Kansenji (simplified Kanpu) and Inzen (decree of cloistered government) under Insei (the cloistered government) became popular and Kanpu fell into disuse.
- この為、後水尾天皇第六皇子の秀宮を親王宣下し良仁親王(ながひとしんのう:後西天皇)となし、高松宮を継承させた。
- Thus, the sixth son of Emperor Gomizunoo, Hidenomiya received the Imperial order for being an Imperial Prince and he became Imperial Prince Nagahito (Emperor Gosai), then took over the Takamatsunomiya family.
- しかし、帰京した後醍醐天皇による建武の新政が失敗し、足利尊氏が離反すると上皇は尊氏に新田義貞追討の院宣を下す。
- However Emperor Godaigo, who returned to the city, made a mistake with the Kenmu Restoration, when Takauji ASHIKAGA broke away, the retired Emperor issued a command from an retired emperor order to search out and destroy Yoshisada NITTA.
- ただし、東福寺は九条家・一条家のいずれかが、天竜寺・大徳寺・南禅寺などは院宣や綸旨によって出される事もあった。
- However, as exceptions, kumon (kojo) was sometimes issued to Tofuku-ji Temple by the Kujo family or the Ichijo family, and as Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) or Rinji (the Emperor's command) it was issued to Tenryu-ji Temple, Daitoku-ji Temple, Nanzen-ji Temple and so on.
- 孝謙上皇は怒りのあまり出家して尼になるとともに「天皇は小事を行い、大事と賞罰は自分が行う」と宣言してしまった。
- Getting so furious, the Retired Empress Koken entered into priesthood and declared that emperor should conduct minor matters while she should determine important decisions and be in charge of reward and punishment.
- 勅撰和歌集の撰者をめぐって二条為世と論争するが、院宣を得て1312年(正和元年)「玉葉和歌集」を撰集している。
- He fell into conflict with Tameyo NIJO over who would be chosen as a compiler of the latest Imperial waka anthology, but received an imperial decree appointing him such, and in 1312 he set about compiling the 'Gyokuyo wakashu' (The Jeweled Leaves Collection).
- しかし、当時実際に城を観覧している宣教師ルイス・フロイスなどの記録によってその様子をうかがい知ることができる。
- However, the records made by a missionary Luis FROIS and others, who had actually visited the castle in those days, enable us to imagine its atmosphere.
- 波多野・三好連合軍は、2月16日に京都に進軍、治安維持と宣撫工作に取り掛かったが、細川晴元の入京待ちとなった。
- The Hatano and Miyoshi allied forces marched into Kyoto on March 18 and started working on maintaining public order and pacification, and they had to wait for Harumoto HOSOKAWA to enter the capital before they could proceed with these activities.
- 明治時代以前には、たとえ天皇の子供であっても親王宣下を受けない限り親王を名乗る事は出来なかった(参考:以仁王)。
- Before the Meiji period, even a child of Emperor was not entitled to use the title of Imperial Prince unless he was given the title of Imperial Prince (Reference : Mochihito-o).
- 内容は自らを壬申の乱の天武天皇になぞらえ、皇位をだまし取る平氏を討って皇位に就くべきことを宣言するものであった。
- In terms of content, Mochihito compares his own situation to that of Emperor Tenmu during the Jinshin war, and demands that the Taira clan be struck down for usurping the imperial throne and proclaims that he be raised to the imperial throne instead.
- 公家からは大臣家、大納言の宣任の例が多い堂上家、武家からは徳川御三卿と現米5万石以上の大名家が伯爵相当とされた。
- It was decided that, as Hakushaku (伯爵 commonly translated as count), Daijinke (families having generated ministers) from kuge, Toshoke (families of court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) which had assumed Dainagon (Major Counselor) many times, Tokugawa gosankyo (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family, ranked next to Tokugawa gosanke) from buke, and the Daimyo families (feudal lord families) from buke, which had been paid the rice stipend of more than 50,000 goku (9019.5 cubic meters), were eligible.
- この宣旨は警察の役目を果たす弾正台や検非違使に通知され(『西宮記』)、以後は直衣で参内してもとがめられなくなる。
- Once Seinshi was informed at the judicial office and the police and Kebiishi (judicial chief who also acted as police), ('Saigu ki'), it was allowed to enter the Imperial Palace just wearing Noshi (without wearing Zappo).
- さらに慶応3年12月9日(1868年1月3日)には(討幕派の主導において)王政復古を発し、「新政府樹立」を宣言。
- Furthermore, on January 3, 1868, (it was supported by the opposition force who tried to overthrow the Shogunate) the Restoration of Imperial Rule was issued, and 'the establishment of the new government' was announced.
- 永久5年(1117年)12月13日、白河院を代父として、父方の従弟鳥羽天皇に入内、4日後には女御の宣旨を蒙った。
- On January 13, 1118, as a daughter of her foster father, the Shirakawa in, Shoshi made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into court of her father's cousin, Emperor Toba, four days later, she received an imperial letter to be appointed as a high-ranking lady in the court.
- 天皇の皇子であるので、とうぜん親王となる資格があったが、平家政権の圧力があり、親王宣下を得られなかったともいう。
- He had the right to become Imperial Prince since he was the son of the Emperor, however he did not receive a title to become Prince by the Imperial Palace due to the Taira family politically pressuring him.
- 称光天皇が一時期危篤状態へ陥ると次期天皇の候補にもなり、応永32年(1425年)4月16日には親王宣下を受ける。
- When Emperor Shoko slipped into critical condition, he became a candidate for succession to the throne and received the title Imperial Prince by Imperial order on May 13, 1425.
- 通常の律令解釈によれば本来親王は天皇の息子または孫に天皇から直接「親王宣下」されない限り名乗れなかったとされる。
- According to an ordinary interpretation of the Ritsuryo codes, a son or grandson of an emperor could not call himself Imperial Prince unless the emperor 'gave the title of Imperial Prince' to him directly.
- 宣化朝に蘇我氏が大臣になり勢いを増し、崇峻天皇朝(587年-592年)では蘇我氏が大臣一人で政権の中枢を握った。
- In the Senka era, the Soga clan became Oomi (great minister) and increased in power, in addition, the Soga clan retained the ministers position by for itself, and held the center of political power during the Emperor Sushun era (year of '587'to'592').
- 後三条天皇は荘園整理を断行し、その一環として1072年、後に延久宣旨枡(せんじます)と呼ばれる公定の升を定めた。
- Emperor Gosanjo enforced the reorganization of manors, and as a part of it, in 1072 he officially established a masu, which would be called Enkyu senji-masu (the standard masu set by the imperial order in the Enkyu era [1069 to 1074]) in later days.
- 能宣・好忠ら著名な歌人に加えて、道長・斉信ら天皇とほぼ同世代の若手貴族が参加していることが特徴として挙げられる。
- In addition to famous kajin such as Yoshinobu and Yoshitada, it is remarkable that Michinaga and Tadanobu, young nobles of almost the same generation as the Emperor took part.
- その後は女院の増加や親王宣下の減少などにより、平安後期から鎌倉時代・室町時代にかけて、内親王の降嫁は殆ど途絶える。
- From the late Heian period to the Kamakura and the Muromachi period, koka of Imperial Princess came to an end because of the increase of nyoin (woman bestowed with the title 'in') and the decrease of giving the title of Imperial Princess.
- そこで祺子が後添いとして天皇のもとに入内することとなり、文政8年(1825年)、15歳で入内し、女御宣下を受ける。
- Then, Yasuko had to enter into the court as the second consort of the emperor at the age of 15 in 1825, and received senge (imperial proclamation) for Nyogo.
- 翌延慶2年正月、寧子は花園天皇の准母とされ、従三位に叙せられるとともに、准三后及び院号(広義門院)の宣下を受けた。
- On New Year's day in the following year, 1309, Neishi was deemed to be Junbo (a woman comparable to the birth mother of an emperor) of the Emperor Hanazono, and was awarded jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and also was announced as jusango and ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing); Kogimonin.
- 皇女孝子は天和4年(1683年)に内親王宣下を受けるが秀子はその2年後の貞享2年(1685年)4月2日に死去する。
- Imperial princess Takako received a title of Princess by Imperial order in 1683, but Hideko passed away on May 4, 1685, two years after that.
- また、天文14年(1545年)8月の伊勢神宮への宣命には皇室と民の復興を祈願するなど天皇としての責任感も強かった。
- Also he had a deep sense of responsibility, and prayed for the restoration of the Imperial family and for the common people when he made his imperial edict to the Ise-jingu Shrine in August 1545.
- 平安時代中期以後、太政官符は官宣旨(弁官下文)にその役目を取って代わられ、他の官司の符も各種の下文に役目を譲った。
- After the mid Heian period, 'Daijokan-pu' (the 'fu'issued by the Grand Council of State) was replaced by the 'Kansenji' (a government edict), while non-Grand Council officials used various forms of 'kudashi-fumi' (order papers sent to subordinates) instead of the 'fu.'
- 朝野群載(ちょうやぐんさい)は平安時代の詩文・宣旨・官符・書札等各種文書を分類して算博士・三善為康が編纂したもの。
- Choya gunsai was edited by MIYOSHI no Tameyasu, San hakase (Doctor of Numbers), who classified monjo (written materials) n the Heian period such as prose and poetry, imperial decrees, official documents from the Dajokan (Great Council of State).
- その他、加賀一向一揆の大将であった河合宣久(多田政晴)や摂津上津城に拠った多田春正などが多田氏の一族と伝えている。
- Moreover, some figures are said to have belonged to the Tada clan, such as Nobuhisa KAWAI (also called Masaharu TADA), who was the boss of an uprising in Kaga Province (in the southern part of today's Ishikawa Prefecture) carried out by followers of the Ikko sect of Buddhism, and Harumasa TADA, who had a foothold at Uetsu-jo Castle, in Settsu Province.
- しかし、歴史上はっきりとした段階で活躍するのは宣化天皇の大夫であった阿倍大麻呂(火麻呂とする説もある)が初見である。
- However, ABE no Omaro (or Himaro) who was the daibu (master) for Emperor Senka was the first to be known in history.
- 中世の代表的自治都市である堺は宣教師も「東洋のベニス」と評価する文書を残しており、織田信長に屈服するまで自治を行う。
- Sakai, a representative example of the free cities in the medieval period, was rated by missionaries in some surviving accounts as 'the Venice of the East,' and continued its autonomy until it was later forced to capitulate to Nobunaga ODA.
- 尊氏らは九州へ下り、多々良浜の戦いに勝利して勢力を立て直したのちの翌年に、持明院統の光厳天皇の院宣を掲げて東征する。
- Takauji's forces moved off to Kyushu, and having regained their momentum with victory in the battle of Tatarahama, the following year they regrouped and marched east again under the Imperial edict of Emperor Kogon of the Gofukakusa (Jimyoin) lineage.
- また、私家での使用は、宣旨を得なくてもよかったが、私家での使用は、平安末期には狩衣にとってかわられて、まれになった。
- People were allowed to wear Noshi privately at home without receiving Senshi, but permission changed to Kariginu (informal clothes worn by Court nobles) and it was rare to see people wearing Noshi at home.
- 宣房に至っては息子・万里小路藤房が後醍醐天皇へ行った諫言が受け入れられずに出奔してしまうと、天皇と袂を分かっている。
- As for Nobufusa, he parted ways with the emperor after his son, Fujifusa MADENOKOJI absconded when his advise to Emperor Godaigo was not accepted.
- 元和9年(1623年)には懐妊し、同年6月には秀忠と嫡男徳川家光が将軍宣下のため上洛し、禁裏御領一万石を寄進される。
- In 1623 she was pregnant, in June, Hidetada and the eldest son, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA came to the Palace for Shogun senge (ceremony to appoint Seii Taishogun (literally 'great general who subdues the barbarians')), then they received ten thousand koku land belonging to the Imperial Palace.
- 仁平元年(1151年)3月内親王宣下を受け、妍子内親王(鳥羽天皇皇女)と交代する形で、甥近衛天皇の斎宮に卜定された。
- In March 1151, she was named an Imperial Princess by the Emperor, and took the place of Imperial Princess Kenshi (Princess of Emperor Toba), she was selected bokujo (to decide by fortunetelling) to be a Saigu for Emperor Konoe, her nephew.
- 1156年(保元元年)延暦寺座主に就任し、1158年(保元3年)には僧正に任じられ、親王宣下を受けて法親王となった。
- In 1156, he assumed the position of zasu (the head priest) of Enryaku-ji Temple, and then he was assigned to a sojo and he became Cloistered Imperial Prince by the Emperor's official announcement in 1158.
- 6月17日、天津にある大沽砲台の攻撃について、清朝は「無礼横行」と非難し、宣戦布告をする重要な動機のひとつとなった。
- The Qing dynasty criticized the attack of Taku Fort at Tianjin as 'impolite rampancy' on June 17 and it became one of the important motives for the proclamation of war.
- 写本として、中御門宣胤書写の6冊本(天理図書館所蔵)、甘露寺親長書写の4冊本(勧修寺流旧蔵本、京都大学所蔵)がある。
- There exist several kinds of Gokeshidai's manuscripts, such as that of Nobutane NAKAMIKADO's handwriting (in six volumes, owned by Tenri Library), and that of Chikanaga KANROJI's (in four volumes, formerly owned by 'Kajuji-ryu' [the Kajuji line] and now owned by Kyoto University).
- 儲君を受けた皇子は立太子の礼(立太子礼)の儀式を執り行い、内外に皇嗣たる皇太子に就任したことを宣言する習わしであった。
- An Imperial prince who had been designated as Chokun conventionally performed Rittaishi no Rei (ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince) to declare both domestically and internationally that he became Crown Prince who was the heir to the Imperial throne.
- 信長の後を継いで天下を統一した豊臣秀吉は、公家である近衛前久の猶子として関白宣下を受け、政権(豊臣政権)を成立させた。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who was a successor to Nobunaga and dominated Japan, took the imperial proclamation to become kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) as a yushi (an old Japanese adoption system) of Sakihisa KONOE and assumed the reins of government (the Toyotomi government).
- 中世には、正式な宣旨のかわりに、取次ぎが「直衣を着て参内すべし」という手紙(消息)で着用者に通知する方法が一般化した。
- In Medieval times it was common to tell people wearing Noshi 'come to the Palace in your Noshi costume' through a messenger instead of issuing Senshi letter (Shosoku).
- 当時の江戸城大奥では家継の父で先に死亡した前将軍徳川家宣の正室・近衛熙子と側室で家継生母の月光院が権力争いをしていた。
- There was a power struggle between Hiroko KONOE, Ietsugu's father and the previous Shogun Ienobu's Empress, and nobleman's concubine, Ietsugu's birth mother, Gekkoin in the inner palace of Edo-jo Castle.
- 継体天皇の後に安閑天皇・宣化天皇が数年間在位して欽明天皇が皇位承継しているが、欽明による皇位簒奪だったとする説もある。
- Emperor Keitai, Emperor Ankan, and Emperor Senka, succeeded to the throne for a few years followed by Emperor Kinmei, however there is a theory that it was because of usurpation of Imperial succession by Emperor Kinmei.
- 平治元年(1159年)より嘉応元年(1169年)まで斎院として賀茂神社に奉仕し、退下後元暦2年(1185年)准后宣下。
- She served at Kamo Shrine as Saiin between 1159 and 1169, then after leaving this position she received the title of Jugo (one of the respectful titles for Imperial family members of court nobles during the Heian period) in 1185.
- 元久2年(1205年)4月、21歳で10歳年下の土御門天皇のもとに入内して女御宣下を受け、同年7月に中宮に冊立される。
- In April 1205, she entered into the court of Emperor Tsuchimikado who was ten years younger than her at the age of 21, and was given the title of nyogo; she was formally installed as chugu in July during the same year.
- 大宝律令において、天皇と並んで規定があり、天皇と同じように院宣を以て、その意向を政治的に汲み入れることが可能であった。
- In Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code), there was a provision for Joko alongside that for Emperor which made it possible for Joko to incorporate his intent politically by means of inzen (a decree from In) just like Emperor.
- 先代・世平王の末息子として生まれ、享徳4年(1455年)2月、40歳の時に伏見宮貞成親王の猶子として親王宣下を受ける。
- He was born as the last son of Prince Yohira (世平王), the former family head, and in February 1455, when he was forty years old, he was given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa.
- しかし遷都が公式に宣言されたことは一度もなく、法制度上は東京と京都(平安京)の両京制であるとする議論が一部に存在する。
- But an official announcement of the transfer of the capital has never been made, so some claim that both Tokyo and Kyoto (Heiann kyo) are legally capitals.
- 収録される太政官符・宣旨のなかに、『類聚符宣抄』には収録されないものもあるため、独自に編集されたものと考えられている。
- But, it is believed to be edited originally since some Daijokanpu and imperial decrees are not included in 'Ruiju fusensho'.
- 28日に平野と北垣は長州三田尻に入り、七卿や藩主世子毛利定広を交えた会合を持ち、公卿沢宣嘉を主将に迎えることを決めた。
- On 28, Hirano and Kitagaki went to Mitajiri, Choshu Province where they conversed with the seven court nobles and the heir of the Choshu Domain Sadahiro MORI and decided to appoint court noble Nobuyoshi SAWA as commander-in-chief.
- 五箇条の御誓文の趣旨を拡充して、元老院 (日本)・大審院・地方官会議を設置し、段階的に立憲政体を立てることを宣言した。
- The Shosho (the imperial edict, decree) declared that the aim of the Charter Oath of Five Articles would be expanded to permit setting up of Genroin (Senate) (Japan), Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), and Chihokan Kaigi (assembly of prefectural governors), in order to establish the constitutional system of government gradually.
- そして元和9年(1623年)に徳川家光が伏見城にて将軍宣下を受けた後、一国一城令に基づいて伏見城は廃城となったのである。
- When Iemitsu TOKUGAWA became shogun by imperial proclamation at Fushimi-jo Castle in 1623, Fushimi-jo Castle was destroyed due to the edict which stated that each domain could only have a single castle.
- 江戸時代において、当今の天皇との血統の遠近に拘らず、代々親王宣下を受けることで親王の身位を保持し続けた四つの宮家をいう。
- In the Edo period, the Seshu-Shinno-ke was the name for the four princely houses that retained the title of Imperial Prince for generations by order of the Emperor regardless of their genealogical distance from the reigning Emperor.
- すなわち、政府の重要事項については院庁下文で対応し、より即効的または柔軟な対応が必要なときは院宣を発給していたのである。
- In other words, while an innocho kudashibumi was issued for important matters of the government, an inzen was used when immediate and flexible actions are required.
- アメリカ合衆国オクラホマ州ノーマン市(友好都市宣言が2000年10月に調印され、2005年9月に姉妹都市提携が結ばれた)
- Norman, Oklahoma, the United States of America (the Declaration of Friendship was signed in October 2000, and the sister city agreement was signed in September 2005.)
- 1334年(建武元年)親王宣下を受け、1338年(暦応元年/延元3年)仁和寺大聖院で出家し、法守法親王から灌頂を受けた。
- He was announced as Monk-Imperial Prince in 1334, became a priest at Daisho-in of Ninna-ji Temple, and underwent a Kanjo ceremony (where water is poured over the top of the head to attain the rank of priest) performed by Monk-Imperial Prince Hoshu in 1338.
- 寛永元年(1624年)後水尾天皇の猶子となり、寛永3年(1626年)12月親王宣下を受け、忠仁(ただひと)と命名される。
- In 1624, he became a yushi (another's child considered as one's own) of Emperor Gomizunoo, then in 1626, he received the Imperial order for being an Imperial Prince and was named Tadahito.
- 後醍醐天皇の代わりに8月15日に豊仁が三種の神器の無い状況で光厳天皇の院宣により即位して光明天皇となり、北朝が成立する。
- Imperial Prince Yutahito succeeded to the throne instead of Emperor Godaigo, although he did not have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family, after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Kogon and became Emperor Komyo on August 15, and this was the beginning of the Northern Court.
- 永万元年(1165年)7月、二条が崩御したことで後白河は政治活動を再開し、12月には念願だった憲仁への親王宣下を行った。
- In July 1165 (old calendar), after Emperor Nijo died, Emperor Goshirakawa restarted his political activity, he issued the order to bestow the title of Imperial Prince upon Prince Norihito in December (old calendar), which he had wished to do for a long time.
- 皇族が「崩御」ないし「死死の表現」した後は、「故皇太后」や「故宣仁親王妃喜久子」と、上記に「故」が冠され敬称が省かれる。
- After a member of an Imperial family has passed away, the prefix of 'Late' is added and the title of honor is omitted, for example 'the Late Empress Dowager' or 'the Late Princess Kikuko.'
- 「照会」問題―この「照会」とは列強が西太后に引退を求めたとされる文書であり、これを見て激昂した彼女が宣戦を決めたという。
- The 'reference' problem: This 'reference' was the document from the allied western powers demanding the retirement of Empress Dowager, and she decided to declare war after being enraged by it.
- そして更に翌月の7月22日に、宗方討伐の大将北条宗宣が殺された北条政時の後任として連署に就任してやっと事態は沈静化する。
- Then on July 22, the next month, Munenobu HOJO, the general for chasing and killing Munekata, was appointed to assistant to shikken in place of Masatoki HOJO who had been killed, making the situation calm at last.
- 主任司祭であったパリ外国宣教会のベルナール・プティジャン神父は信徒が隠れているのではないかという密かな期待を抱いていた。
- Father Bernard PETITJEAN, the dean from La Societe des Missions Etrangeres de Paris, privately believed there could well be followers in hiding.
- 徳川綱吉に後継となる男子が生まれなかった為、甥の甲府藩主徳川家宣が6代将軍に次いで、7代将軍に幼児の徳川家継が就任する。
- As Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA had no son who could succeed him, the lord of the Kofu domain Ienobu TOKUGAWA, who was his nephew, became the sixth shogun, and after Ienobu, Ietsugu TOKUGAWA assumed the position of the seventh shogun, although he was still little.
- 794年に桓武天皇により定められた平安京以来、遷都宣言により法令、憲法または現行法などで直接的な表現で定めたものはない。
- Since the transfer of the capital to Heian-Kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) ruled by Emperor Kanmu, the capital was transferred according to the emperor's declaration and there were no act, laws or ordinances that directly affected the transfer of the capital.
- 大逆事件に対する責任追及が上がると、立憲政友会との「情意投合」を宣言して、秘かに西園寺公望への再度の政権譲渡を約束した。
- When its responsibility for Daigyaku Incident (also called Kotoku Incident, The High Treason Incident) was pursued, it declared 'Joi Togo' (which means 'coincidence of mutual sentiment') with Rikken Seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO) and secretly promised to hand over the reins of government to Kinmochi SAIONJI again.
- 同年10月1日 (旧暦)(11月7日)に称徳天皇が詔を発し、道鏡には皇位は継がせないと宣言したため、事件の決着がついた。
- The incident ended when Empress Shotoku issued an imperial rescript on November 17 of the same year, declaring that she would not let Dokyo ascend the Imperial Throne.
- 大神は再度宣命を訊くことを拒むが、清麻呂は「天の日継は必ず帝の氏を継がしめむ」という大神の神託を大和に持ち帰り奏上する。
- The big god refused to listen to the Imperial edict; however, Kiyomaro did bring an oracle given from the big god to Yamato and reported about it; the content of the oracle is as follows: 'Without doubt, the person who succeeds the present Emperor will be a person with the Imperial family name.'
- より時代の下る平安時代初期ころの創作、あるいは岡田英弘のように伊勢国の国学者本居宣長によって改作されたものであるとする。
- Those mythologies were made earlier, during the early Heian period, or were revised by Norinaga MOTOORI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in Ise Province such as Hidehiro OKADA.
- 大中臣 能宣(おおなかとみ の よしのぶ、延喜21年(921年) - 正暦2年(991年)8月)は、平安時代中期の歌人。
- ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu (921 - August 991) was a poet in the mid-Heian period.
- その後、長男安倍時親は天文密奏宣旨授与者、次男安倍章親は天文博士、3男安倍奉親は天文権博士と天文道に関する地位を独占した。
- The generation after Yoshihira dominated positions related to tenmondo: ABE no Tokichika, the first son of Yoshihira, received an imperial decree for tenmon misso (reporting unusual astronomical phenomena to the emperor); ABE no Akichika, the second son, became tenmon hakase (master of astronomy); and ABE no Norichika, the third son, became tenmon gon no hakase (assistant to tenmon hakase).
- 「基」と命名されたのであれば、まだ親王宣下の慣行が存在しない当時、誕生とともに自動的に「基親王」とされたはずだからである。
- Since there was no custom of giving the title of Imperial Prince by an imperial order at the time, he should have been automatically given the title of 'Prince Motoi' upon his birth if he was named as 'Motoi.'
- 清盛は皇子を皇太子にすることを法皇に迫り12月9日、親王宣旨が下されて安徳天皇(ときひと)と命名され、15日、立太子した。
- Kiyomori demanded to make the imperial prince as the crown prince to the cloistered emperor, and Shinno senji (a letter of the order of the emperor which demanded the inauguration of crown prince) was carried out to name the imperial prince as Emperor Antoku (Tokihito) on January 14 (December 9 in old lunar calendar), and he was formally installed as the Crown Prince on January 20 (December 15 in old lunar calendar).
- 延喜格(えんぎきゃく)は、平安時代の延喜7年(907年)11月_(旧暦)に完成し、翌年12月の宣旨によって施行された格式。
- Engikyaku, a collection of amendments to and enforcement regulations for Ritsuryo (basic national laws), was completed in November 907 (old calendar) during the Heian period and put into force by a senji (written order of the Emperor) in December of the following year (old calendar).
- 1791年(寛政3年)12月、天皇は「群議」を開き、参議以上40名の公卿のうち35名の賛意を得て尊号宣下の強行を決定する。
- In December 1791, the Emperor held the 'Gungi' (multitude of opinions), and achieved a determination for the enforcement of the imperial proclamation, of the honorary title, by gaining the approval of 35 out of 40 nobles who had ranks higher than Sangi (government advisor).
- また夫帝や後見の上東門院没後も、国母ではない后としては初めてとなる女院号の宣下さえ受けて、安定した余生を送ったようである。
- In addition, after her husband and the guardian, Jotomonin, died, she even received the title of nyoingo (an honorific title for the mother of an emperor) which was the first time for the empress, who was not an empress dowager, to receive it, and she lived a stable life.
- この窮地を打開するため、在京であり光厳・光明・崇光の直系尊属である広義門院が上皇の代理として伝国詔宣を行う案が立てられた。
- To get out of difficulty, the plan to perform 伝国詔宣 by Kogimonin; the direct ancestor of Kogon, Komyo, and Suko, who stayed in Kyoto, in substitution for the Retired Emperor, was made.
- 寛永6年(1627年)には朝幕間で紫衣事件が発生し、同年10月8日に後水尾天皇は突然譲位し、女一宮に内親王宣下が下される。
- In 1629 the Shie Incident happened between the Imperial Palace and the Tokugawa shogunate, on November 22 of the same year, Emperor Mizunoo suddenly succeeded to the throne, and the first Princess was officially appointed as an Imperial Princess.
- まず、平子鐸嶺は父の継体天皇の没年を『古事記』の527年(丁未年4月9日)とし、その後2年ずつ安閑・宣化が在位したとした。
- First, Takurei HIRAKO concluded that Emperor Keitai (Emperor Kinmei's father) died in 527 as written in Kojiki ('the Record of Ancient Matters'), and Emperor Ankan and Senka reigned as the Emperor for two years respectively.
- 神護景雲3年(769年)、太宰府の主神(かんづかさ)中臣習宜阿曾麻呂が「道鏡が皇位に就くべし」との宇佐八幡の託宣を報じた。
- In 769, NAKATOMI no Suge no Asomaro, Kantsukasa (ritual official) of Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu), reported the oracle of Usa Hachiman God that 'Dokyo shall assume the throne.'
- また天皇の神聖不可侵を強調して、政府に圧力を加え軍部大臣現役武官制や統帥権干犯問題、国体明徴宣言を通じて勢力を強めていく。
- The sacred and inviolable nature of the Emperor was also emphasized, the government was pressured, and using the rule that Military ministers were officers on active-duty, incidents violating supreme command, and declarations of proved national polity, strengthened the military's power.
- 飢饉などの天災により寄る辺をなくした民衆などは宣教師の慈善活動に救いを見出し、家族ぐるみ・村ぐるみで帰依することもあった。
- Peasants who suffered from natural disasters such as famine, and had nobody to turn to, found themselves being rescued by the charity work of missionaries and embraced Christianity, bringing with them a whole family or even a village.
- 以前は『符宣抄 別巻』と題されていたこともあったが、新訂増補国史大系本刊行の際、編者黒板勝美によって、この題目が附された。
- It used to be titled 'Fusensho, separate volume', but this title was added by Katsumi Kuroita, the editor of Shintei Zouho Kokushi Taikeibon (a newly revised and enlarged edition of the Anthology of Japanese History).
- 強硬論の平野、河上らに圧されて解散は思いとどまるが、13日夜に肝心の主将の沢宣嘉が解散派とともに本陣から脱走してしまった。
- Dissolution of the army was desisted by the pressures from hard-liners like Hirano and Kawakami but the crucial commander-in-chief Nobuyoshi SAWA, together with the pro-dissolution-party, fled from the headquarter on the night of 13.
- 徳川御三家水戸藩主徳川頼房は1636年(寛永13年)に徳川賜姓されるまで、同じ養珠院を母とする徳川頼宣の分家扱いであった。
- Yorifusa TOKUGAWA, lord of the Mito Domain of the Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family), had been considered to be a branch family of Yorinobu TOKUGAWA (material half-brother), who had the same mother, Yojuin, until 1636 when he was granted the name of Tokugawa.
- キリスト教各派の宣教師が定住して教会堂を建てて布教を行い、その一環として多くの著名なミッションスクールを創設した地である。
- This settlement was a place in which missionaries of each branch of Christianity settled, built a church, and proselytized; as a part of such activities, many famous missionary schools were established there.
- 当初は太政官の上卿から弾正や検非違使に勅許の内容を伝えることとなっていたが、後に外記が宣旨を作成して伝える方法に変わった。
- Initially, the high-ranking courtiers of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) were to transmit the content of the decree to the Danjo (censors) and Kebiishi (police and judicial chief), but later it changed to the Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) preparing the senji and transmitting the content.
- 初代・内匠頭(非参議・従三位)・岡崎宣持以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米30石であったが、明治に至り華族に列し子爵に叙せられた。
- After the first generation, Nobumochi OKAZAKI was the official architect for the Imperial Building Bureau (Hisangi, Jusanmi - Junior Third Rank), his hereditary stipend during the Edo period was thirty koku, but since the Meiji period, the family ranked as Kazoku (nobility) and was conferred the title of viscount.
- 1915年(大正4年)、大正天皇御大典を機に信玄が従三位に叙せられた際、当時の当主武田信保に信玄に対する位記宣命が渡された。
- When Shingen was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1915 at the state ceremony for the Emperor Taisho, ikisenmyo (court rank diploma and imperial edict) for Shingen was given to Nobuyasu TAKEDA, the head of the clan at the time.
- また文政8年(1825年)には、早世した姉に代わり、同母妹の祺子が後添いとして仁孝天皇のもとに入内し、女御宣下を受けている。
- In 1825, her younger sister Yasuko entered into the court as the second consort of the Emperor Ninko after Tsunako's premature death, and became nyogo with the imperial proclamation.
- 近くの木津温泉、あるいは、久美浜と一体的に宣伝活動を繰り広げ「網野浜詰」としての知名度は「冬のかに」で非常に高いものである。
- With extensive promotion activities together with Kitsu-onsen Hot Spring and Kumihama, 'Amino Hamazume' has been widely known for its 'winter crabs.'
- また摂関家などでは平安時代から若年ですぐに許されたものであり、室町時代の一条家などは宣旨を待たずに元服後すぐ着用したという。
- In clans where members are eligible to become regents and chancellor, young people were allowed to wear Noshi since the Heian period, it is said the Ichijo family from the Muromachi period was allowed to wear this costume without receiving Senshi, just after having coming-of-age ceremony.
- 直衣が許されるのは、多くが公卿(従三位以上もしくは参議以上)であるが、位階によって自動的に「雑袍宣旨」が下されるのではない。
- People who were court nobles, (higher rank than Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank - or state councilor) were allowed to wear Noshi, but 'Zappo Shenshi' was not automatically allowed because of official rank.
- (ただし女院宣下については、時の白河天皇女御藤原賢子を立后させるためだったともいわれ、非国母の故か院分受領は給わっていない)
- (However, in order for FUJIWARA no Kenshi, a nyogo of Emperor Shirakawa, to become an empress, she received the title of nyoin and did not receive a title of inbun zuryo (a head of administrative supervisors for a Imperial Palace), it maybe because she was not the empress dowager.)
- だが、宣戦布告後2ヶ月も経たないうちに欧米列強国軍は首都北京市及び紫禁城を制圧、清朝は莫大な賠償金の支払いを余儀なくされる。
- However, the forces of allied western powers took over the capital Beijing as well as the Forbidden City within two months of the proclamation of war, and the Qing dynasty was forced to pay an enormous amount of reparations.
- 白石が主君・徳川家宣に『通鑑綱目』を進講しつつ、日本古来の治乱興亡の沿革に深い関心を寄せていた家宣のために書いたものである。
- It was written for his master Ienobu TOKUGAWA, who became deeply interested in the historical changes of ancient Japan in times of war and peace, rise and fall, when Hakuseki gave a lecture on 'Tongjian Gangmu' (Outline and Details of the Comprehensive Mirror) in his presence.
- 成立年次は不明だが、宗尊親王を「鎌倉宮」としているところから、将軍宣下(建長四年、1252年)以降に成ったものと推測される。
- It is unknown when the thirty-six poets were selected, but Imperial Prince Munetaka was called 'Kamakura Prince' in the book, which suggests that they were designated after his appointment to Shogun in 1252.
- 嘉承2年(1107年)7月に堀河天皇は崩御(死去)したが、翌天仁元年(1108年)から白河法皇の院宣をうけ鳥羽天皇に仕えた。
- After the Emperor Horikawa died in July 1107, she started to serve for the Emperor Toba from the following year 1108 by the command of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
- 武士本人やその妻、嫡子の裁判は評定所で、それ以外は奉行所にて行われ、冒頭に大目付が老中の指図を受けて裁判を行うことを宣した。
- The trials concerned with a samurai himself, his wife or his legitimate heir took place in Hyojosho (conference chamber), and the other trials in a bugyo-sho (bugyo office), and the Ometsuke officer declared at the start of a trial that the it was to be conducted under the instructions of Roju.
- 徳川頼宣が生まれた慶長7年(1602年)から廃藩置県が行われて茂承が東京府に移住する明治4年(1871年)までの期間を扱う。
- It describes the period of time from 1602 when Yorinobu TOKUGAWA was born, to 1871 when Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was done and Mochitsugu moved to Tokyo Prefecture.
- なお、慶長8年(1603年)にイエズス会の宣教師が出版した『日葡辞書』と呼ばれる辞典には「士農工商」の項目が収録されている。
- 'Nippo jisho' (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary) published by a missionary of the Society of Jesus in 1603 contained an entry on 'shi-no-ko-sho.'
- 翌弘化4年(1847年)3月、祺子は新帝の嫡母として皇太后となるが、同年10月13日、出家して女院号宣下を受け、同日中に崩御。
- In April 1847, Yasuko became an empress dowager because she was the biological mother of the new emperor, but on November 20, 1847 she entered priesthood and received senge for Nyoingo, and then died on that day.
- 宣旨の発布を知った義仲は激しく怒り、後白河院に対し「生涯の遺恨」とまで言うほどの強い抗議を行っている(『玉葉』十月二十日条)。
- Knowing that the decree had been released, Yoshinaka got furious and made a strong protest to Goshirakawa-in telling him that it was 'the grudge of the lifetime' (the section of the 20th day of the 10th month in the 'Gyokuyo').
- 文保2年(1318年)2月、尊治親王の即位に伴い、同年4月に女御宣下、次いで翌元応元年(1319年)8月には中宮に冊立される。
- After Imperial Prince Takaharu succeeded the throne in February 1318, she was given title to become Nyogo (imperial consort) in April, then was officially appointed to Chugu in August 1319.
- 禖子は母親に准じるとして同年10月25日 (旧暦)(11月25日)に康仁の立太子と同時に准三宮の称号を受け、女院宣下を受けた。
- Thereafter, Baishi was treated as the mother and thus awarded the rank of Jusangu (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) upon the investiture for Yasuhito on December 3, 1331, and then was given the title of nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing).
- 伏見宮貞成親王の猶子となり、永享11年4月に親王宣下を受け、3年後の嘉吉2年(1442年)には弾正尹に補任された(『砂巖』)。
- He was adopted by Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa, and in May 1439, he was given the title of Imperial Prince, and three years later, in 1442, he was appointed as Danjoin (President of the Board of Censors) ('Sagan'- sandstone).
- 他方、2月8日に日本政府は韓国の戦時局外中立宣言を無視する形で、日本軍を仁川広域市へ上陸させ、その後漢城へ進駐し、締結された。
- On the other hand, the Japanese government ignored the Korean proclamation of neutrality by extending the Japanese troops to Incheon City; finally the troops got stationed in Hanseong and then the treaty was signed.
- 加えて、宮中では政治の実権を巡って、高宗 (朝鮮王)の実父である興宣大院君らと、高宗の妃である閔妃らとが、激しく対立していた。
- In addition, there was a severe conflict at court between Heungseon Daewongun, the biological father of Gojong (king of the Joseon Dynasty), and Gojong's wife Queen Min (also known as Empress Myeongseong), as well as between their supporters, over who should hold power.
- 堀川通具・藤原有家・藤原定家・藤原家隆 (従二位) ・飛鳥井雅経・寂蓮の六人に撰者の院宣が下ったが、寂蓮は完成を見ずに没した。
- The ex-emperor ordered the following six people to serve as anthologists: Michitomo HORIKAWA, FUJIWARA no Ariie, FUJIWARA no Sadaie, FUJIWARA no Ietaka (Junii (Junior Second Rank)), Masatsune ASUKAI, and Jakuren, who died prior to the completion of the work.
- 博多に近い宗像大社は鎌倉時代の段階で過去数百年間の修理費用を寄船・寄物の寄進のみで賄ってきたという(寛喜3年4月5日官宣旨)。
- Already in the Kamakura Period, Munakata Taisha Shrine near Hakata was said to have purveyed its repairing costs for the past several hundred years from donation of Yoribune (ships drifted ashore) and Yorimono (driftage) only, according to Kansenji (an edict from Daijokan (the Grand Council of State)) dated May 15, 1231.
- 基本的には同時代人の記述にかかる「信長公記」や「安土日記」に基づき、イエズス会宣教師の記述を加味するところまでは一致している。
- Referring to 'Shinchoko-ki' (Biography of Nobunaga ODA) and 'Azuchi Nikki' (diary of Azuchi) written by the people living in those days, they uniformly adopted the description made by Jesuit missionaries.
- また、中原氏に対する天文密奏宣旨も元永元年(1118年)の中原師安を最後に途絶え、安倍氏の人物に対してのみ出されることとなる。
- The imperial decrees of tenmon misso to the Nakahara clan ended with the one for NAKAHARA no Moroyasu in 1118, and were subsequently issued only to members of the Abe clan.
- 入江の長女で、東映京都撮影所作品、のちに大林宣彦作品で知られる女優入江若葉(出生名田村若葉、父は元俳優田村道美)の祖父に当たる。
- Yoshinaga was also the grandfather of IRIE's eldest daughter, Wakaba IRIE (born Wakaba TAMURA, fathered by Michiyoshi TAMURA a former actor), who became known appearing in movies produced by the Toei Movie Studios and later in work by Nobuhiko OBAYASHI..
- 1336年(建武 (日本)3年)には多々良浜の戦いに勝利した足利尊氏が京に上る途中この地で光厳天皇より新田義貞追討の院宣を賜る。
- In 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was on his way back to Kyoto after winning the Battle of Tatarahama, was granted here a decree of Emperor Kogon for tracking down and killing Yoshisada NITTA.
- 頼朝は、既に実質的に東国を支配していたが、この宣旨発給は、頼朝が東国支配権を政府に公認され、その正統性を獲得したことを意味する。
- Yoritomo already effectively controlled the East country, but this imperial order officially recognized and legitimized Yoritomo's right to rule the East country.
- 鎌倉の武士たちが院宣に従い、義時は討滅されるであろうと信じきり、幕府軍の出撃を予測していなかった後鳥羽上皇ら京方首脳は狼狽した。
- Blithely assuming that the samurai of Kamakura would obey the Imperial decree and strike down Yoshitoki, the retired Emperor Gotoba and the rest of the capital faction leaders had not anticipated the shogunal sortie, and were thrown into considerable panic.
- ともあれ、これがその後院政期にしばしば見られる准母立后の始まりとなり、媞子内親王はさらに女院号までも宣下されて郁芳門院となった。
- Anyway, this became the beginning of Junbo Rikko, (becoming Junbo as well as one of the ranks of Sanko (the Empress Dowager, Empress, Grand Empress Dowager) the Imperial Princess Teishi (Yasuko) even received the title Nyoingo and became Ikuhomonin.
- 翌嘉永二年2月14日(1849年3月8日)、孝明天皇より「熾仁」の諱を賜り、2日後の2月16日(3月10日)に親王宣下を受けた。
- He was given the personal name of 'Taruhito' by Emperor Komei on March 8, 1849, two days after that, he received the title Prince by Imperial order on March 10.
- 京都御所の賢所を賜って本殿、神嘉殿を賜って拝殿(現在の神楽殿)と成し、橿原神宮(1890年に神宮号宣下、官幣大社)が創建された。
- Kashihara-jingu Shrine (in 1890, the shrine was given the title of Jingu, and became Kanpei-taisha (large-scale state shrine)) was constructed, while Kashikodokoro (Imperial Sanctuary) and Shinkaden (Deity Venerating Hall) of Kyoto Imperial Palace were granted to Kashiara-jingu Shrine and used as Honden (main shrine) and Haiden (a hall of worship) (current Kaguraden), respectively.
- 1638年(寛永15年)に父帝の中宮(当時は女院)徳川和子(東福門院)の養女となり、内親王宣下を受け光子内親王の忌み名を賜った。
- However, in 1638, Akenomiya was adopted by Kazuko TOKUGAWA (Tofukumonin), Chugu (the second consort of an emperor) (at that time Nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor of comparable standing)) of her father and was proclaimed Imperial Princess with the given name of Imperial Princess Teruko.
- なお、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していた、あるいは内乱があったという説がある(詳細は後述)。
- IIn addition, there is a theory in that after Emperor passed away the Imperial Court of the Emperor Ankan/Emperor Senka and the court of Emperor coexisted side by side or there was a domestic conflict (the details will be addressed later).
- 江戸時代以前において出家した親王を入道親王(にゅうどうしんのう)、出家後に親王宣下を受けた皇族を法親王(ほっしんのう)といった。
- A Shinno who became a priest before the Edo period was called Nyudo Shinno, and an Imperial family who received the title of Imperial prince after they became a priest was called Cloistered Imperial Prince.
- その12日後、北条庶流を代表する一番引付頭人北条宗宣らが貞時の従兄弟で得宗家執事、越訴頭人、幕府侍所所司であった北条宗方を追討。
- Twelve days later, Munenori HOJO, the first head of the legal office representing the collateral line of the HOJO family, searched out and destroyed Munekata HOJO, a cousin of Sadatoki and an under secretary of the Tokuso family, the chief of suit, and Deputy Chief of the Office of Samurai; Board of Retainers of shogunate.
- さきに、日本国憲法及び皇室典範の定めるところによって皇位を継承しましたが、ここに即位礼正殿の儀を行い、即位を内外に宣明いたします。
- Imperial Throne was succeeded in advance under the provision of the Constitution of Japan and the Imperial House Act, and here, I hold the Enthronement Ceremony and announce the enthronement in and around.
- 宣経の死去後家督を継いだ宣直の頃、土佐中央部に進出してきた本山氏と土佐西部の土佐一条氏に挟まれた状況を打開するため一条氏と結んだ。
- Around the time of Nobunao who succeeded the family estate after Nobutsune's death, joined the Ichijo clan to break the situation in being caught between the two clans; the Motoyama clan which had expanded power to the center part and the Tosa Ichijo clan in the west part.
- 公家では吉田定房・万里小路宣房・北畠親房の「後の三房」と千種忠顕・坊門清忠らを重用し、後伏見天皇院政の人材も能力に応じて採用した。
- Among the nobility, the so-called 'Three Latter-day Fusas,' Sadafusa YOSHIDA, Nobufusa MADENOKOJI, and Chikafusa KITABATAKE, along with Tadaaki CHIGUSA and Kiyotada BOMON were all appointed to important posts, while talented men in retired Emperor Gofushimi's administration were also put to use according to their abilities.
- 後醍醐天皇は光厳天皇の即位と正慶の元号を廃止、光厳が署名した詔書や光厳が与えた官位の無効を宣言し、さらに関白の鷹司冬教を解任した。
- Emperor Godaigo declared both Emperor Kogon's reign and the Shukyo era name annulled, and announced that all imperial decrees signed by Kogon, or court appointments made by him, were invalid; he took the additional step of dismissing Fuyunori TAKATSUKASA from his position as kanpaku (chief advisor/Prime Minister).
- 大覚寺で院政を執ったときに僧位などの称号・位階を設け、この称号の授与に関する権限を大覚寺に与える「永宣旨」(えいせんじ)を出した。
- He received a title or a rank as a Buddhist priest while ruling the cloistered government at Daikaku-ji Temple, and he issued 'Eisenji' which gives the authority to use those titles and ranks to the temple.
- しかし議奏に指名された公卿は頼朝との面識はなく、頼朝追討宣旨に賛同した実定が含まれるなど、必ずしも親鎌倉派という陣容ではなかった。
- However, kugyo who were appointed as giso kugyo had no personal acquaintance with Yoritomo, and Sanesada who approved of the Imperial order to hunt down and kill Yoritomo was included in the member, therefore the members were not necessarily pro-Shogunate forces.
- 平安時代後期に院政が始まると、治天の君(院政を行う上皇)は、院宣や院庁下文を発給することで、自らの政治意思を明示・具現化していった。
- As the system of Insei (rule by the Retired Emperor) was enforced in the late Heian period, Chiten no kimi (the Retired Emperor in power) used inzen and innocho kudashibumi to strongly express and achieve his political intentions.
- 長徳の変(ちょうとくのへん)とは長徳元年(995年)4月10日 (旧暦)の藤原道隆の死後、藤原道長が内覧の宣旨を得た後に起きた政変。
- The Chotoku Coup, occurred after FUJIWARA no Michinaga received Nairan no senji (an imperial edict to appoint a person to the position of Nairan, who has a right to read and deal with documents before reporting to the Emperor from Daijokan, the Great Council of State), after the death of FUJIWARA no Michitaka on May 17, 995.
- しかし、1412年に称光天皇が即位するに際して迭立再開の条件は撤回されることとなり、後小松天皇の直系子孫による皇位継承が宣言された。
- However after Emperor Shoko succeeded to the throne in 1412, the agreement to restart sharing the Imperial throne was cancelled, there was a declaration for Emperor Gokomatsu's direct descendants to succeed to the throne.
- 次の将軍徳川家宣は近衛基熙の娘婿にあたり、東山天皇-近衛基熙-徳川家宣のラインの完成によって朝幕関係はもっとも安定した時期を迎える。
- The next Shogun in power, Ienobu TOKUGAWA was Motohiro KONOE's son in law, the relationship between Emperor Higashiyama, Motohiro KONOE, Ienobu TOKUGAWA was during the most settled period.
- そのため、犯罪者の更生を主な目的とした収容施設を作ることを火付盗賊改方長官である長谷川宣以が松平定信に提案し、人足寄場が設置された。
- Therefore, Nobutame HASEGAWA, Director for Hitsuke Tozoku Aratame-kata (Investigative Division for Arson and Organized Robbery), suggested to Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA that an accomodation facility should be built mainly for the purpose of rehabilitation of criminals, so Ninsokuyoseba was set up.
- 別聚符宣抄(べっしゅうふせんしょう)は、延喜2年(902年)から天禄2年(971年)の間に発給された太政官符・宣旨を収録した法令集。
- Besshufusensho is a law code containing Daijokanpu (official documents from Daijokan to local governments) and imperial decrees issued between 902 and 971
- 平安時代末期から鎌倉時代末期ごろまで、京都から関東、九州まで宣旨升による文献が見いだされているが、どの程度普及したかは明かではない。
- Some documents were written about senji-masu (the standard masu set by the imperial order) from the late Heian period until around the late Kamakura period, in Kyoto, Kanto, and Kyushu regions, but it is not clear to what extent the masu diffused.
- ただし、貞観 (日本)4年7月27日付宣旨(『類聚符宣抄』巻六)によって、官物免除を除く諸国から中央への申請は全て太政官で決定した。
- However, following the imperial decree issued on August 30, 863 (source; 'Ruiju fusensho' (A collection of official documents dating from the years 737 to 1093), vol. 6), Daijokan (the Great Council of State) was allowed to approve all applications made by each country to the central government, except application for exemption from Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes).
- 文治元年(1185年)10月18日、後白河天皇は源義経の要請により源頼朝追討宣旨を下すが、翌月の義経没落で苦しい状況に追い込まれた。
- On October 18, 1185, the Emperor Goshirakawa issued an imperial letter to hunt down and kill MINAMOTO no Yoritomo by the request of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, but the fall of Yoshitsune in the next month threw him into situations.
- 建仁元年(1201年)7月和歌所を設置、同年11月撰進の院宣が下り、元久元年(1204年)に選定、翌2年3月26日完成し奏覧・竟宴。
- In July 1201, the Wakasho Agency was established, and in November of the same year the Imperial command to compile a collection was issued; in 1204 poems were chosen, and on March 26, 1205 it was completed and submitted to the ex-emperor for inspection, and the Kyoen (a party following the selection of poetry) was held.
- その後、義経が頼朝に許されることは無く、頼朝との対立が強まり、同年10月に後白河法皇に奏上して頼朝追討の宣旨を出させて挙兵するが失敗。
- Thereafter, Yoshitsune did not obtain Yoritomo's forgiveness, and their faceoff grew worse, until in November, Yoshitsune went to attend the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, who issued an Imperial decree that Yoritomo be hunted down and killed, whereupon Yoshitsune raised an army, but was defeated.
- 明治新政府は翌年の慶応4年(明治元年/1868年)5月 (旧暦)に新時代の到来を宣布する為、変化に相応しい新しい即位式の挙行を目指した。
- The new Meiji Government aimed at new enthronement ceremony, which might be appropriate for the changes, in order to declare the arrival of a new era in May Keio 4 (the first year of the Meiji period/ 1868).
- 一揆の盟約を結ぶに際しては、神前で宣言内容や罰則などを記す起請文を書いて誓約を行い、紙を焼いた灰を飲む一味神水と呼ばれる儀式が行われた。
- To conclude an ikki, a rite called Ichimi Shinsui (one taste of the gods' water) would be held, during which the members would make a written and spoken vow, after which they would drink, before the gods, the ashes of the document in which they had written their declaration and the penalties to which they would be subject should they fail to honor the ikki.
- 文書の様式は、まず文書先頭に自分の名前を書き、以下に軍忠の具体的事実を書くことを宣言する(「誰々申軍忠事」という文言になることが多い)。
- Such documents were written according to the following format; the vassal's name came first and then details regarding the facts of the vassal's superior military valor were stated (often with the words: 'I report our superior military valor.')
- 慶長17年(1612年)には後水尾天皇が即位するが、大御所家康は和子の入内を申し入れ、慶長19年(1614年)4月に入内宣旨が出される。
- After Emperor Gomizunoo was enthroned, Lord Ieyasu asked the Imperial Palace, Kazuko's Imperial Consort's, for bridal entry into court in 1612, he received an imperial letter of acceptance in May 1614.
- 今日我々が読むことができる即位詔は『続日本紀』が採録した文武天皇以降のものの一部で、一部例外を除き宣命体という独特の文体で記されている。
- For the imperial edict upon enthronement available at present, there exist only a part of the edicts of Emperor Monmu and his successive emperors in the later time, archived in 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II), and except for some cases, they are written in Senmyo (imperial edict) texts.
- 当時政権の座にあった左大臣藤原道長は、複雑な背景を有する昭登らへの宣下に消極的であったものの花山法皇の意向を受けてやむなく従ったという。
- It is told that FUJIWARA no Michinaga, a Sadaijin (minister of the left) who gained supremacy in the administration, had a negative stance about giving the title to Akinari and Kiyohito due to their complicated background, but reluctantly followed Emperor Kazan's wish.
- 具体的には信者と一般民衆との土地境界線争いに宣教師が介入したり、教会建設への反感からくる確執といった民事事件などから発展したものが多い。
- Specifically, many incidents developed from the missionaries entering conflicts over land boundaries between believers and common people, and antipathy towards the construction of churches.
- おそらく、尾張氏の娘を母とする安閑、宣化天皇の関係で、神器化された草薙剣の祭祀を巡って、朝廷と熱田神宮に何らかの軋轢が在ったと思われる。
- It is likely that there was some sort of friction between the Imperial court and the Atsuta-jingu Shrine about religious rites for the Kusanagi sword, which became a sacred treasure, and that Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, whose mother was from the Owari clan, had something to do with it.
- その後、21日に天皇と道長の間で最終的な協議が行われ、翌日新制に関する宣旨が下され、それに基づく太政官符が27日付で発給されたのである。
- Subsequently the final discussion was held between the Emperor and Michinaga on July 21, senji (imperial decree) about the shinsei was issued on the next day, and the Daijokanpu was issued on the basis of the senji as of July 27.
- また、『類聚符宣抄』に収められた安和2年8月11日 (旧暦)(969年9月25日)に出された宣旨にも「紀伝道」という語が明記されている。
- In addition, an imperial decree issued on September 25, 969 recorded in 'Ruijufusensho' (a collection of statute books dating from the years 737 to 1093) clearly states the word 'kidendo.'
- したがって、皇族は生まれながらにして地位が決まっているため、親王宣下という形で王 (皇族)などの皇族に親王位を与える制度は無くなっている。
- Therefore, since the members of the Imperial family are born with the right for the titles, the system of giving the title of Imperial Prince to the members of the Imperial family like king (Imperial family) was abolished.
- 後鳥羽天皇皇子で順徳天皇の同母弟・雅成親王は正治2年(1200年)の誕生直後、宣陽門院覲子内親王の養子となり、5歳の時に親王宣下を受けた。
- Imperial Prince Masanari, the Imperial Prince of Emperor Gotoba and the younger maternal half-brother of Emperor Juntoku, became the adopted child of Imperial Princess Senyomonin Kinshi after his birth in 1200, and he was given the title of Imperial Prince when he was five.
- 建武の新政の際には後醍醐天皇が政治刷新の一環として「過差停止」の宣旨を出しているものの、当時の婆娑羅・風流の風潮を止める事はできなかった。
- At the time of the Kenmu Restoration, although Emperor Godaigo declared an imperial decree of 'interdiction of extravagant behavior' as a part of his administrative reforms, it could not put a stop to the trends of the time, basara (extravagant, madness, and eccentric behavior) and furyu (splendor).
- しかし、その甲斐もなく、同19年(1412年)に称光天皇が践祚、同23年(1416年)9月、広橋兼宣らの仲介で法皇は嵯峨大覚寺に還御した。
- Despite his actions, Emperor Shoko ascended the throne in 1412 and the Cloistered Emperor Gokameyama returned to Saga Daikaku-ji Temple with Kanenobu HIROHASHI's intermediary in September 1416.
- 江戸幕府はキリスト教禁止を国策とし、全国でキリスト教宣教師・信徒を徹底的に捕縛、仏教へ強制改宗させ、改宗しないものは処刑する政策をとった。
- Under the national policy of banning Christianity, the Edo bakufu tried to capture Christian missionaries and believers across the country without fail, force them to convert to Buddhism, and execute those who refused to change their faith.
- 裁判至要抄(さいばんしようしょう)は、鎌倉時代初期の承元元年(1207年)に後鳥羽上皇の院宣を受けた坂上明基によって編纂された勅撰法律書。
- Saibanshiyosho is a law book compiled by SAKANOUE no Akimoto on the Imperial command of the retired Emperor Gotoba in 1207, the beginning of the Kamakura period.
- 幕府のシンボルであった江戸城に天皇が入ることで、天皇が皇国一体・東西同視のもと自ら政を決することを宣言するデモンストレーションともなった。
- The Emperor entered the Edo-jo Castle which was the symbol of the bakufu, and this was a symbolic event for the Emperor was demonstrating that the entire imperial country was to be unified; the east and west to be identified as one, then the Emperor declared that he would control all administration by his decision.
- これについて佐藤進一は、前段の荘園公領回復令が本宣旨の主文であり、後段の頼朝への東国行政権委任令が付則の形態をとったであろうと推定している。
- Shinichi SATO assumes that the first part that is the order for the restoration of shoen and koryo is the main part of this decree, and the latter part that is the delegation of the authority on the Togoku region to Yoritomo is the additional clause.
- 平氏はまた、墨俣川の戦いに備えて、伊勢国へ水夫と船の雑役を課しており、宣旨が国司へ発出されてから10数日の内に水夫と船の徴発が完了している。
- Also, to prepare for the Battle of Sunomatagawa, the Taira clan imposed zatsueki on Ise Province so they would provide sailors and ships, and in this case, a request for sailors and ships was issued within 10 days after a senji was issued to the provincial governor.
- 後の三房(のちのさんぼう)とは、鎌倉時代末期より南北朝時代にかけて、後醍醐天皇の側近として仕えた北畠親房・万里小路宣房・吉田定房の3人の事。
- `Nochi no Sanbo' refers to the three; Chikafusa KITABATAKE, Nobufusa MADENOKOJI, Sadafusa YOSHIDA, who served as aides of Emperor Godaigo from the end of Kamakura period to the period of the Southern and Northern Courts.
- この宣告によって、政治権力が孝謙上皇のもとに移ったとする理解と、御璽を保持しつづけていた淳仁天皇が依然と権能を発揮していたとする見解がある。
- Due to this declaration, some researchers think that the political power was moved to Retired Empress Koken, others say that Emperor Junnin still exerted his power because he had possessed Gyoji (the Imperial Seal).
- 宝永6年1月10日 (旧暦)(1709年2月19日)、将軍綱吉が死去し徳川家宣が将軍を継ぐと、恩赦が出され赤穂浪士の遺子たちも放免となった。
- On February 19, 1709, when Ienobu TOKUGAWA succeeded the position of Shogun after the death of Shogun Tsunayoshi, he granted a pardon to Ako Roshi, and thus their children were also discharged.
- 竹添進一郎在朝鮮公使など日本側の協力のもと、放火は失敗するものの概ね計画は順調に進み、閔泳翊ら閔氏一族を殺害、開化派が新政府樹立を宣言した。
- Since the plan generally went smoothly in cooperation with Japan, headed by the Japanese ambassador to Korea Shinichiro TAKEZOE, in spite of the failure of the fire-setting, the Progressive Party killed the Min family including Yeong-ik MIN and stated the establishment of a new government.
- また治承・寿永の乱の混乱期に神器を缺いた状態で後白河法皇の院宣により行われた後鳥羽天皇の即位自体を否定していないという矛盾も指摘されている。
- Yet some have pointed out the inconsistency in Chikafusa not criticizing Gotoba's enthronement per se, which was done by decree of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa during the chaotic era of the Jisho-Juei war despite not having possession of all Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family at the time.
- 中宮藤原安子、宣耀殿女御藤原芳子など美女才女の多い後宮にあって徽子女王の父譲りの和歌と琴の天分は名高く、ことに古琴の名手であったといわれる。
- She lived in the inner palace surrounded by many beautiful and talented women including Empress FUJIWARA no Anshi and Senyoden no Nyogo FUJIWARA no Hoshi (or Yoshiko), yet Queen Kishi's exceptional talents in waka poetry and in playing the koto, which she had inherited from her father, were especially famous, and she was known as an expert at the kokin (a musical instrument, like the koto).
- 江戸幕府では、2代徳川秀忠・3代徳川家光ともに将軍宣下後10年近くにわたって、大御所となった父親の前将軍が実際の政務を掌握する時期が続いた。
- In the Edo shogunate, after Hidetada TOKUGAWA was appointed as the second shogun, his father, the former shogun, became Ogosho (leading or influential figure) and continued to take control of actual government affairs for almost 10 years, and after his son, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, was appointed as the third shogun, he also became Ogosho and continued to take control of actual government affairs for almost 10 years.
- 後醍醐天皇は自己の隠岐配流中は正統な政治権力が存在しなかったとしてその期間に行われた「偽主」及び鎌倉幕府の決定は全て無効と宣言したのである。
- The Emperor Godaigo declared that all decisions made by 'the fake emperor' and the Kamakura bakufu during his exile in Oki Province were void because there was no legitimate political force during this period.
- 隼人側が立て籠もった7ヶ所の城は『八幡宇佐宮御託宣集』によると、奴久等、幸原、神野、牛屎、志加牟、曽於乃石城、比売之城であったとされている。
- According to 'Compendium of Usa Hachiman Oracles,' the castles in which the soldiers of Hayato barricaded themselves were situated in the following seven places; Nukura, Yukibaru, Kanno, Ushikuso, Shikamu, Soonoiwaki and Himenoki.
- 教科書としては『漢書』・『晋書』の暦律志や採用されている暦の注釈書(『大衍暦議』・『宣明暦経』)、『定天論』・『周髀算経』などが用いられた。
- The textbooks they used included 暦律志, such as 'Kanjo'(historical records of the Han Dynasty) and 'Jin shu' (History of the Jin Dynasty), commentaries for the adopted calendar ('Daienrekigi' (annotation book of the calendar), 'Senmyorekikyo' (annotation book of the calendar)), and other books such as 'Teitenron' (annotation book of the calendar) and 'Shuhisankei' (a mathematics book from ancient China).
- これは当時の天文権博士和気久邦が伊予国に滞在中であり、天文密奏宣旨を受けた2名も技術が未熟であったために応急措置として与えられたものである。
- There were two reasons for this emergency appointment: the first was that the then tenmongon no hakuji (master of astronomy), WAKE Hisakuni (? 和気久邦), was in Iyo Province, and the second was that the two people who received imperial decrees of tenmon misso were not sufficiently skilled.
- (一般的には有世をもって土御門家の初代とするが、実際には室町時代中期以後の南北朝時代の当主安倍有宣から土御門の家名を名乗ったといわれている)。
- (Ariyo is generally considered to be the first head of the Tsuchimikado family, but it is said that, in fact, the family name of Tsuchimikado started to be used during the times of ABE no Arinobu the family head during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts subsequent to the middle of the Muromachi period.)
- なお、『古事記』において皇族出身の皇后の出自が、父である天皇の系譜で明らかでないのは、春日大娘皇女の他は、宣化天皇の皇后・橘仲皇女のみである。
- Additionally, in the 'Kojiki,' there were only two Empresses, the Empress of Emperor Senka and Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu Hime, other than Prince Kasuga no Oiratsume, who were members of the Imperial family and do not appear in the paternal family lineage of their Emperors father's side.
- 同時に社研に関係があると見なされた京大の河上肇、同大の山本宣治・河野密、関西学院大学の河上丈太郎・新明正道ら教員に対しても家宅捜索が行われた。
- At the same time, the houses of Hajime KAWAKAMI of Kyoto Imperial University, Senji YAMAMOTO and Mitsu KONO of Doshisha University, as well as Jotaro KAWAKAMI, Masamichi SHINMEI, and other teachers of Kwansei Gakuin University, who had been considered to have some relationships with Shaken, were searched.
- 信頼と提携関係にあった摂関家の藤原忠通・基実父子も参入したことで、清盛は一気に官軍としての体裁を整えるに至り、信頼・義朝の追討宣旨が下された。
- Even FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and his son Motozane, both of the elite Fujiwara branch that produced regents and advisors and with whom Nobuyori had been close, joined the counter-rebellion at Rokuhara, meaning that Kiyomori had achieved, in a stroke, total legitimacy for his army, and soon his forces received an imperial order to hunt down and destroy Nobuyori and Yoshitomo.
- (この後は、何人かの妻を娶って産ませた子供が19人でこれらの子から後の三人の天皇が出たことを書いている。即ち欽明、安閑、宣化の3天皇である)。
- (The next line tells that he was married to several wives and had 19 children, three of which eventually became emperor. They are Kinmei, Ankan and Senka.)
- このことから、関東申次西園寺実兼と執権北条時宗との折衝により、後深草の皇子熈仁親王(伏見天皇)が同年中に亀山の猶子となり親王宣下、立太子した。
- Accordingly, as a result of negotiations between Sanekane SAIONJI, Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) and the regent Tokimune HOJO, Imperial Prince Hirohito (Emperor Fushimi), the son of Gofukakusa, became an adopted child of Kameyama in 1275, and was given the title of Imperial Prince and formally installed as the Imperial Prince.
- 激昂に駆られた感情的な側面があるのは確かであるが、それのみを重視して「宣戦布告」=狂気の選択といったような不可知論的説明は歴史学では採らない。
- It was certainly partly driven by emotions such as rage, but historical study will not accept unintelligent arguments such as simply the ''proclamation of war' was equal to lunacy'.
- 乱後、上皇は仲麻呂の推挙で天皇に立てられた淳仁天皇を武力をもって廃位して淡路国に流刑にすると、自らが再度天皇に復位する(重祚)ことを宣言した。
- After the rebellion, the Retired Empress dethroned Emperor Junnin, who had ascended the throne with the recommendation of Nakamaro, with the military power, and made Emperor Junnin exile to Awaji Province; thereafter she declared that she herself would ascend the throne again.
- 通常は天皇や太政官の意向を受けた宣旨が外記局もしくは弁官局の史 (律令制)より明法博士に下され、それに対して勘文の形式で解答を出すことになる。
- Normally an imperial decree intended by the Emperor or Daijokan (Grand Council of State) was handed down via recorders of gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office of the Council of State) or Benkankyoku (Controllers' Office) to Myobo hakase, who replied in the form of kanmon.
- また、治承の乱においては、源頼朝などの反平氏勢力が独自に占領地の平家領の没官を宣言して御家人に配分し、後に朝廷も平家討伐の一環として容認した。
- During Jisho War, the influential anti-Heishi (anti-Taira clan) group such as MINAMOTO no Yoritomo declared to confiscate the Taira territories which they occupied, and distributed them to their own gokenin (immediate vassals), which was later permitted by the Imperial Court as a part of the subjugation of the Taira family.
- もう1つの「武家執奏」の意味として、北朝の勅裁である治天の君の院宣や親政時における天皇の勅旨を室町幕府に伝達する役目を担う公家のことを指した。
- Bukeshisso,' taking the other meaning, indicated the court noble who was in charge of conveying Chiten no kimi's inzen (decree from the retired Emperor) which was the imperial decision by the Northern Court or the emperor's Imperial order at the time of direct imperial rule to the Muromachi bakufu.
- 北朝成立翌年の建武 (日本)4年(1337年)より、光厳上皇の院宣とともに兼季の消息・御教書が足利尊氏の執事であった高師直充てに出されている。
- From 1337, the year following the establishment of the Northern Court, Kanesue's shosoku (letters) and migyosho (document of shogunate order) along with the retired Emperor Kogon's inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) were sent to KO no Moronao, who was the steward of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- ここに秀長の本隊が救援にきたが、状況を見た軍監の尾藤知宣は救援は不可能、島津の軍に当たるべからずと秀長に進言し、秀長は救援の中止を受け入れた。
- Then the main force of Hidenaga arrived to relieve the allies, but seeing the situation, Tomonobu BITO, who was a gungen (assistant deputy general), figured that relief was difficult and advised Hidenaga not to become engaged with the Shimazu army, to which Hidenaga followed.
- 元和 (日本)5年(1619年)7月、徳川家康の十男・徳川頼宣が紀州藩主に封じられたとき、その付家老として遠江国掛川城主・安藤直次が付けられた。
- When Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the 10th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, was appointed as the lord of the Kishu domain in July 1619, Naotsugu ANDO, the lord of Kakegawa Castle in Totomi Province, was assigned to the post of attendant chief retainer.
- 伏原宣幸(のぶゆき)(正二位・大蔵省)(1637年-1705年)の次男沢忠量(ただかず)(従二位・衛門府)(1637年-1754年)を祖とする。
- The founder of the family was Tadakazu SAWA (Junii - Junior Second Rank, Emonfu - Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) (1673-1754) the second son of Nobuyuki FUSEHARA (Shonii (Senior Second Rank), Okurasho [Ministry of Finance]) (1637-1705).
- その養子となった吉田兼倶の子清原宣賢(きよはらのぶかた)(正三位・侍従・少納言)(1457年 - 1550年)は明経道を研究整理してとり纏めた。
- His adopted son, Nobukata KIYOHARA, Shosanmi, jiju, Shonagon (1457 - 1550), was the son of Kanetomo YOSHIDA, and he studied, organized and summarized the myogyodo.
- 他方、明治3年1月3日(1870年2月3日)には、宣教使ヲ置クノ詔(大教宣布の詔)を発して、神道の国教化(国家神道)と天皇の絶対化を推し進めた。
- On the other hand, the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto was issued on February 3, 1870 to make Shintoism the nation's religion and to set up the political system for the Emperor to have absolute power.
- その後、大正天皇の3皇子のうち、大正2年(1913年)に高松宮宣仁親王が断絶した有栖川宮の祭祀を継承するために高松宮の宮号を賜り宮家を創立した。
- After that, Takamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Nobuhito, who was one of Emperor Taisho's Princes of three, was given the Miya go title of Takamatsunomiya to succeed the ritual of Arisugawanomiya in 1913, that was discontinued after Takamatsunomiya Imperial Prince Nobuhito, and established a new Miyake.
- 762年(天平宝字6年)、孝謙上皇は再び天皇大権を掌握することを目的に、「今の帝は常の祀りと小事を行え、国家の大事と賞罰は朕が行う」と宣告した。
- In 762, in order to reassume the supreme power as Emperor, Retired Empress Koken declared that 'Current emperor should administer the ordinary state affairs and minor political matters. We'll administer a matter of national importance and justice.'
- その12日後、引付衆一番頭人で寄合衆と思われる北条宗宣らが貞時の従兄弟で得宗家執事、越訴頭人、幕府侍所所司で寄合衆と思われる北条宗方を追討した。
- In twelve days after that, Munenobu HOJO, who was considered the chief of Hikitsukeshu (coadjustors of the high court) as well as a Yoriaishu member (a member of the top decision making organ), and others chased Munekata HOJO, a male cousin of Sadatoki, who was considered chamberlain of the Tokuso family, and a Yoriaishu member as well as Ossotonin (the head of legal institutions of Kamakura bakufu and Muromachi bakufu) and Samurai-dokoro shoshi (Governor of the Board of Retainers).
- 朝廷や官司・幕府が発給した綸旨・院宣・官宣旨・下文や外題安堵を加えた申状などが公験の替わりに用いられ、それらを指して「公験」と呼ぶようになった。
- Rinji (the Emperor's command), inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor), kansenji (a government edict) and kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office) issued by the Imperial Court, government official and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and moshijo (a document format for communicating something from a lower person to an upper person) to which gedaiando (an approval of landowner written in the margin of the document submitted) was written in, were used in place of kugen, and 'kugen' began to refer to all of those.
- 翌永享4年(1432年)9月には越智・箸尾両氏に筒井氏が大敗し、井戸方の形勢不利になっていたが、筒井光宣が幕府に訴えたことで戦局に変化が生じる。
- The following year, in October 1432, the Tsutsui clan suffered a crushing defeat to the Ochi and Hashio clan, which turned the course of the war against Ido side, but the situation changed after Mitsunobu TSUTSUI appealed to the shogunate.
- 興宣大院君派の扇動によって政権を担当していた閔妃一族の政府高官や、日本人軍事顧問、日本公使館員らが殺害され、日本公使館が襲撃を受けた事件である。
- In this incident, with the abetment by Heungseon Daewongun group, government high officials of Queen Min's family members who were in charge of administration, killed Japanese military advisors and Japanese legations were killed and the Japanese Legation was raided.
- 室町幕府第6代征夷大将軍足利義教の執奏により、後花園天皇の勅宣を以って中納言飛鳥井雅世(初名雅清)が撰進、和歌所開闔として堯孝が編纂に助力した。
- Because the sixth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshinori ASHIKAGA in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) suggested to the Emperor Gohanazono to compile a new anthology, the Emperor ordered Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) Masayo ASUKAI (first named Masakiyo) to select poems, and Gyoko helped him as Deputy Chief of the office to compile the imperial poetic anthology.
- 本居宣長は『土佐日記抄』には『土佐日記附注』の影響が見られるとするが、岸本由豆流は、両書で引用している古典籍の相違が説明できないと指摘している。
- Norinaga MOTOORI said there seemed to be an influence of 'The Tosa Diary with Note' on 'The Tosa Diary's Abstract,' but Yuzuru KISHIMOTO pointed out that it was impossible to explain the differences between the venerable classics quoted in both books.
- このため、当該行為が当事者間の和いによる志与であった事実を証文の文中において強調することで、当該行為に悔返が発生しないことを宣言するようになる。
- Therefore, the deed came to emphasize the fact that transfer was made as a favor upon agreement or compromise between the parties, in order to declare cancellation would not be made to the transfer.
- その間、延文4年/正平14年(1359年)8月に四天王寺別当になり、応安5年/文中元年(1371年)には後光厳天皇の院宣により梨本門跡に還住した。
- He became betto (steward) of the Shitenno-ji Temple in August 1359, and returned to live in Nashimoto monseki in 1371 in accordance with Inzen (a document of order by Emperor) of Emperor Gokogon.
- 翌3年(1134年)3月2日、廷臣の反対を排し、上皇の妃ながらに女御宣下を与え、同月19日、これまた異例中の異例として、皇后宮に冊立したのである。
- Despite the objections of court retainers, Taishi was given the title of Imperial Princess on April 5 of the following year, entitling her to be treated as almost equal to the Retired Emperor's Empress, and in an almost unprecedented turn of events, she became Kogogu (equivalent to Empress) on April 22.
- 女官を生母として生まれた朱宮は本来であれば、他の多くの女官腹の皇女を同じく、内親王宣下を受けることもなく比丘尼御所で生涯を終えるのが通例であった。
- Because her birth mother was a court lady, under normal circumstances, Akenomiya should have lived her life at an imperial palace for bikuni (female Buddhist disciples) like many other princesses born to court ladies without receiving the proclamation of the title as Imperial Princess.
- 江戸時代に不改常典(かはるまじきつねののり)に関する学説を示した本居宣長は、『続記歴朝詔詞解』と『続紀宣命問目』で、大化改新の諸法を指すと解した。
- In the Edo period, Norinaga MOTOORI, who presented a theory on Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten (The Irreversible Permanent Code), advocated in his books 'Shokki Rekicho Shoshikai' and 'Shokki Senmyo Monmoku,' that it refers to a series of laws instituted during the Taika Reforms.
- 以上が「甲子の宣」の大氏、小氏、伴造氏の発展形であり、その間にさらに氏族の再編が進められ、朝臣52氏、宿禰50氏、忌寸11氏に収(おさ)められた。
- Those described above are a developed form of Ouji, Kouji, and Tomo no Miyatsuko in 'Kasshi no Sen' and the clan system was further reorganized to include 52 clans of Ason, 50 clans of Sukune, and 11 clans of Imiki.
- 1904年(明治37年)1月21日、韓国政府は日露交戦の折には戦時局外中立をすると宣言、清をはじめイギリス、フランス、ドイツなどがこれを承認した。
- The Korean government proclaimed that they would stand outside and keep neutrality against the war between Japan and Russia on January 21, 1904 and the Korean proclamation was approved by other foreign countries, such as Qing (now China), Britain, France and Germany.
- 宣長の打ち出した国学による「もののあはれを知る」合理研究は、漢式の構造的な論理では救済不能な日本固有の共感による心情の浄化プロセスの追及であった。
- The reasoning to affirm authenticity, the study to `adopt an outlook of compassion' based on the Japanese classical literature developed by Norinaga was to pursue the process of cleansing sympathetic feelings that are specific to Japan, not possible in Han-style structural logic.
- 講師以外で参加した歌人として知られているのは、大中臣能宣・藤原惟成・藤原実方・曾禰好忠・藤原敦信・藤原明理・藤原道綱・藤原道長・藤原斉信らである。
- Other kajin (waka poet) who are known to have participated include ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, FUJIWARA no Koreshige, FUJIWARA no Sanekata, SONE no Yoshitada, FUJIWARA no Atsunobu, FUJIWARA no Akimasa, FUJIWARA no Michitsuna, FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and FUJIWARA no Tadanobu.
- 右京亮・阿部致康(准大臣・勧修寺晴豊の五男)の実子である大蔵卿・勧修寺宣豊が、叔父である権大納言・勧修寺光豊の猶子となり、芝山を称したのにはじまる。
- The family was started when Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) Nobutoyo KAJUJI, a biological child of Ukyo no suke (Assistant Master of the Western Capital Offices) Okiyasu ABE (who was the fifth son of Haretoyo KAJUJI, a Jun-daijin (Vice Minister)) was adopted by his uncle Gon Dainagon (provisional major counselor) Mitsutoyo KAJUJI and was named SHIBAYAMA.
- これらの処置には除目が開催され、天皇の公式命令である宣命・詔書が発給されていることから、すでに高倉天皇が清盛の意のままになっていたことを示している。
- These measures were revealed in Jimoku and since the shosho or senmei (an imperial edict) which were the official commands of the emperor, were distributed, Emperor Takakura was already under control of Kiyomori.
- 4年後、後嵯峨天皇が姞子所生の後深草天皇に譲位して上皇となったのを受けて、宝治2年(1246年)6月に院号宣下を受けて「大宮院」の称号を与えられた。
- Four years later, due to Emperor Gosaga passing the throne to Emperor Gofukakusa (who Kitsushi gave birth to), she received the imperial proclamation for Ingo and was given the title 'Omiyain' in June 1246.
- 当時、宣教師たちは道路に溢れていた孤児たちを保護し、孤児院に入院させていたが、それは子供の肝臓を摘出し、薬の材料にするためだといった類のものである。
- The rumors suggested that missionaries put street orphans into an orphanage to extract their organs for use as medical ingredients, and such like.
- 翻訳者は当時中国で布教していたアメリカ人プロテスタント宣教師ウィリアム.マーティンで、その訳書は東アジアに本格的に国際法を紹介した最初の書物である。
- The translator was William Martin who was American Protestant missionary, who had been engaged in missionary work in China at that time and the translation was the first book that introduced full-fledged international law to East Asia.
- 同時期に日本にいた宣教師アレッサンドロ・ヴァリニャーノはコエリョの軽率な行動を厳しく非難しており、コエリョの行動に問題があった事は確かであるようだ。
- Alessandro Valignano, a missionary stayed in Japan during the same period strongly criticized the careless conduct of Coelho, and it seems to be certain that his conduct was really problematic.
- 天皇の后妃、生母以外での女院号宣下は室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の正室、日野康子(北山院)以来約320年ぶりで、現在に至るまで孝子内親王が最後の例である。
- It was the first time in about 320 years that someone other than emperors' consorts or real mothers received senge for Nyoingo after Yasuko HINO (Kitayamain), who was the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Imperial Princess Takako has been the last case up to today.
- 以後、澤宣嘉は外務卿、三条実美は太政大臣や内大臣、三条西季知は参与や神宮祭主、東久世道禧は枢密院副議長や貴族院副議長になるなど明治政府の要職に就いた。
- Later, Nobuyoshi SAWA became the foreign affairs minister, Sanetomi SANJO became the grand minister and the inner minister, Suetomo SANJONISHI became the councilor and the lord custodian of the shrine, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE became the vice president of the privy council and the vice president of the house of lords, appointed to important positions in the Meiji government.
- また鎌倉時代初期以前より近衛府の中将や少将(公卿以外の殿上人であっても)は宣旨を得ずに参内に用いることができたが、公卿でないものは無文直衣を使用した。
- Also Chusho (assistant position to Konoe fu) and Shosho (assistant position to Konoe fu, one rank below to Chusho) of Konoe fu (even tenjobito (a high ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) apart from the court nobles) were allowed to wear Noshi in the Palace without receiving Senshi since early Kamakura period, those who were not court nobles wore plain Noshi without a pattern.
- だが、翌1333年に後醍醐天皇側の反撃によって鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると、後醍醐天皇によって光厳天皇と康仁皇太子の否認(廃位、廃太子)が宣言されたのである。
- However on the following year, in 1333, after Kamakura bakufu died out after the attack of Emperor Godaigo's army, the Emperor announced the refusal to accept Emperor Kogon to succeed to the throne and Imperial Prince Yasuhito became Crown Prince.
- 6代将軍となった徳川家宣は、もと甲府藩主から将軍職となったが、甲府時代から政治改革に実績のあった側用人間部詮房や学者の新井白石を起用し、改革を行った。
- The sixth Shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA had been formerly the feudal lord of Kofu Domain, and so, in order to carry out his reforms, he promoted Akifusa MANABE and a scholar Hakuseki ARAI, both of whom had had achievements in political reforms in the Kofu Domain, to his grand chamberlain and personal staff respectively.
- そのような研究の成果が源氏物語年立と呼ばれるものであり、本帖での光源氏の年齢は現在一般に使用されている本居宣長がまとめた新年立では17歳とされている。
- Such result of the study is called Genji Monogatari Toshidate (chronologies of The Tale of Genji), and the age of Hikaru Genji is generally considered 17 now, which Norinaga MOTOORI concluded in his new chronologies.
- 藤原旅子の父藤原百川が桓武天皇擁立の功労者であったという特殊事情、多治比高子は真人カバネ(宣化天皇7代目)の持ち主でありこれも特殊事情と考えられている。
- One was FUJIWARA no Tabiko, her father was FUJIWARA no Momokawa who has rendered distinguished service for enthroning Emperor Kanmu, and the other was TABIHI no Takako who had hereditary title of Mahito kabane (the seventh Emperor Senka), both of them were considered as special cases.
- 平氏政権の成立時期については、仁安 (日本)2年(1167年)5月宣旨を画期とする見解と、治承三年の政変(1179年)の時点とする見解とが出されている。
- There are two hypotheses on the date of the establishment of the Taira clan administration, one considering the May 1167 Imperial Order as the start and the other considering the Jisho sannen no seihen (coup d'etat by TAIRA no Kiyomori in November 1179) as the start.
- さらに、頼朝より奥州藤原氏追討の院宣が願いだされてもこれを拒否し、頼朝が奥州藤原氏を滅ぼした事を知ると、事後承諾の形で奥州藤原氏追討の院宣を下している。
- Furthermore Goshirakawa refused to issue the command of retired emperor to kill the FUJIWARA clan in Oshu (Mutsu Province), which he was asked by Yoritomo, after knowing Yoritomo killed the FUJIWARA clan, he then issued the command as a post facto approval.
- 保安4年(1123年)正月28日、白河院は5歳になった顕仁親王を践祚させ、璋子も翌天治元年(1124年)11月24日に院号を宣下されて待賢門院と称した。
- On March 4, 1123, Shirakawa in let Imperial Prince Akihito succeeded to the throne when he was only five years old, Shoshi received an Ingo title by Emperor's order and named Taikenmonin on January 7, 1125.
- 元木泰雄は、この時点で頼朝は王権擁護者の地位を得たとし、宣旨による頼朝の最大の成果は、東国行政権というよりも王権擁護者の地位だったとの見解を示している。
- Yasuo MOTOKI presents his view that Yoritomo gained a position as a supporter of the royal authority at this time, and the foremost achievement of Yoritomo gained by the decree was the position of a supporter of the royal authority rather than the administrative authority over the Togoku region.
- 安閑天皇(531年-535年)・宣化天皇(535-539年)・欽明天皇(539-571年)の各王朝を通じて、地域国家から脱して初期国家を形成していった。
- Ancient Japan emerged from local states and established an embryonic nation over the ruling period of three Emperors: Emperor Ankan (year of '531' to '535'), Emperor Senka (year of '535' to '539'), and Emperor Kinmei (year of '539' to '571').
- 翻訳に着手したのは、アメリカ人宣教師ウィリアム・マーティン(William Alexander Parsons Martin、中国名:丁韙良)であった。
- An American missionary, William Martin (William Alexander Parsons Martin; Chinese name '丁韙良') set his hands to translation.
- 徳川家宣の時代には新井白石の建議で一時的に「日本国王」を用いたことがあったが、徳川吉宗はふたたび「大君」号に改め、以降全ての将軍は「大君」号を使用した。
- The title of 'the king of Japan' was temporarily used in the era of Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA according to a proposal by Hakuseki ARAI, but Yoshimune TOKUGAWA again switched to 'Tycoon,' and all successive shoguns used the title of 'Tycoon.'
- 「京へ、筑紫に、坂東さ」とは室町時代のことわざであり、ポルトガル人宣教師ジョアン・ロドリゲスの『日本大文典』(1604~1608年)にも記載されている。
- Kyo he, Tsukushi ni, Banto sa' was a common saying in the Muromachi period, and was recorded in Arte da Lingoa de Iapam (1604-1608) by Joao Rodriguez, a Portuguese missionary.
- 佐竹氏全盛期の佐竹義重 (十八代当主)・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)時代には和田昭為、一門筋に当たる人見藤道とともに佐竹家の三家老を勤めた小貫頼久を輩出する。
- During the days of Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th head of the family) and Yoshinobu SATAKE (master of the Western Capital Offices) at the height of its prosperity, the Onuki clan produced Yorihisa ONUKI, who assumed office as one of the three chief retainers of the Satake family together with Akitame WADA and Fujimichi HITOMI who was from the same family.
- 貞治6年(1367年)の頃には久明親王の孫・祥益が「五辻親王家」と呼ばれている(『天竜寺重書目録』)が、深草宮や祥益が親王宣下を受けた記録は残っていない。
- Although the house of the grandson of Imperial Prince Hisaaki, Shoeki is called 'the Itsutsujinomiya Imperial family' (in the book 'Tenryuji Jusho Mokuroku') around 1367, there are no records left indicating that either Fukakusanomiya or Shoeki were given the title of Imperial Prince.
- その後親王宣下を受けるが、これが昨今の皇位継承問題 (平成)において臣籍に産まれた人物が皇籍についた事が旧皇族復帰を推す勢力に先例として重要視されている。
- Subsequently, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and in the latest issue on deciding the successor of the Imperial Throne in the Heisei period, this has been valued as a precedent by the group supporting the resurrection of the former Imperial Family, as it meant a commoner had entered the Imperial Family.
- 白河天皇は翌年には父の遺言を無視して実子である善仁親王を皇太子に立ててその日のうちに皇太子への譲位を宣言して堀河天皇を即位させて院政を開始する事になった。
- In the following year, Emperor Shirakawa disregarded his father's will, making his biological son Imperial Prince Taruhito (who later became Emperor Horikawa) an Imperial Prince; the same day, he abdicated the throne in favor of Imperial Prince Taruhito accordingly and Emperor Horikawa ascended to the throne, thus initiating the government by the Retired Emperor Shirakawa.
- すなわち「東道西器」という中国の「中体西用」に似たスローガンを掲げ、新式軍隊や外交顧問を設置し、高宗は「公法」に依拠して国際社会に参加することを宣言した。
- Namely, Korea created a slogan '東道西器,' which was close in meaning with a slogan in China '中体西用' (to learn technology and culture of Western countries while centering on traditional studies and systems) and set up the new model army and advisers for diplomatic issues, and Gojong announced that Korea joined in the international society and abide by the 'Koho.'
- 本文のあらゆるところで「按ずるに」として重要事件や人物に批評を加え、将軍家宣の施政への参考として提供し、政治的な戒めとしているところもこの書の特徴である。
- One characteristic feature of this book is the evaluation of important affairs and people everywhere in the text using the phrase 'thinking that...,' in order to offer the Shogun Ienobu some guidance for his government and to make them into political lessons.
- 日本側からは太政官の最高責任者であった右大臣三条実美・大納言岩倉具視・外務卿澤宣嘉・大蔵大輔大隈重信・外務大輔寺島宗則が出席し、伊藤博文がこれを補佐した。
- From Japan, the highest officials of Daijokan, Minister of the Right Sanetomi Sanjo, chief councilor of state Tomomi IWAKURA, chief of Foreign Ministry Nobuyoshi SAWA, Okura no taifu (senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury) Shigenobu Okuma, and Gaimu-taifu (post of Foreign Ministry) Munenori Terashima attended, and Hirobumi ITO was the assistant.
- しかし後白河はこれを拒否、崇徳は激怒し、後白河は未来永劫までも敵であると宣言し、「悪魔」となることを誓って舌先を噛み切り、その血でもって誓状をしたためる。
- However, Goshirakawa rejects it, at which Sutoku becomes infuriated, declaring that Goshirakawa is to be his enemy forever; he bites the tip of his tongue, swearing to be the 'Devil' and writes a solemn vow with his own blood.
- 公認される限り十一人いた家康の男子で徳川姓を許されたのは、三男で世子の秀忠、及び御三家の祖となる九男徳川義直・十男徳川頼宣・十一男徳川頼房の4名にすぎない。
- Only 4 of Ieyasu's 11 officially recognized male heirs were allowed to take the surname 'Tokugawa': Hidetada (his 3rd son and successor), Yoshinao TOKUGAWA (his 9th son, and the forefather of one of the three main families), Yorinobu TOKUGAWA (his 10th son), and Yorifusa TOKUGAWA (his 11th son).
- 院宣は私的な文書としての性格が強く、即応性・柔軟性の高い文書だったのに対して、院庁下文は、詔勅・太政官符のように、重要事項について対応するための文書だった。
- While Inzen took the strong nature of the personal documents of the cloistered emperor and was quickly responsive and flexible, In no cho kudashibumi was to deal with important affairs, as was the case of Shochoku or Daijokanpu.
- 一方、同様の危機感を抱いていた東山天皇も家宣の舅でもある関白近衛基熙を通じて、実子である秀宮(直仁親王)に新宮家を創設させるための財政的な支援を求めてきた。
- Emperor Higashiyama had a similar concern, he asked for financial support to establish a new Miyake for his own child, Hide no Miya (Imperial Prince Naohito), through the Chancellor Motohiro KONOE, who was Ienobu's father in law.
- 欽明天皇治世(540年 - 571年)には戊午の干支年が存在しないため、最も近い戊午年である538年(書紀によれば宣化天皇3年)が有力と考えられている。)。
- During the reign of Emperor Kinmei (540-571), since there was no year of the horse (the Oriental zodiac), 538, the year closest to his period of reign, is often considered when Buddhism was introduced to Japan.
- 貞観8年(866年)2月、母親の静子更衣が亡くなるも退下の宣勅は下りず、貞観18年(876年)、清和天皇が陽成天皇に譲位したことにより、ようやく斎宮を退下。
- In February 866, the princess's mother the Koi Shizuko passed away, but she was not granted retirement, which did not materialize until Emperor Seiwa abdicated the throne to Emperor Yozei in 876.
- 昭和20年(1945年)のポツダム宣言受諾を決めた御前会議を除き、天皇は通常積極的な発言を行わなかったが、会議での決定には「聖断」としての権威が付与された。
- Except during the Gozenkaigi in 1945 for the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration, the emperor basically remained silent, but still, decisions of the emperor at Gozenkaigi were treated as a 'Imperial decision.'
- 当時は朝鮮は、人材登用という思想でなく親族を優先的に高官に抜擢するという旧弊を断ち切れず、閔妃派が興宣大院君派と宮廷での権力闘争を繰り広げていた時であった。
- At that time, in Korea, it was when there was no hiring of personnel outside of families and they could not shed their old system of selecting high officials from families and the Queen Min group was fighting with the Heungseon Daewongun (regent of Joseon) group in the Imperial Court.
- まず宣伝によって事前に、学術人類館に漢民族の展示が予定されていることを知った在日留学生や清国在神戸領事館員から抗議をうけて、日本政府はその展示を取りやめた。
- First of all, the students staying in Japan and the Qing consulate officials in Kobe who found out in advance by advertisements that the people of the Han race were to be displayed at Gakujutsu-Jinrui Pavilion protested against it, and the Japanese government cancelled the exhibition in response.
- 写本や版本によって本文が異なることはこの時代すでに知られており、本居宣長などもその点に付いての指摘を行ったこともあるが本格的な本文研究に進むことは無かった。
- It was already known that text would differ between a manuscript and the printed book, but while Norinaga MOTOORI pointed out the differences he didn't make a further study of the texts.
- なお、交代寄合としての宗家(朽木宣綱の子孫)の領域を指して特に「朽木藩」と呼ぶ例や、稙綱の子孫が治めた土浦藩や福知山藩などを指して「朽木藩」と呼ぶ例もある。
- The word 'Kutsuki Domain' is sometimes used in the following cases: when people refer to the territory which was controlled by the soke (the head family or house), or to the Tosa Domain and Fukuchiyama Domain, which were governed by Tanetsuna's descendents.
- 以仁王は親王宣下がなされず、ついに治承4年(1180年)、最勝親王を名乗り安徳天皇と平氏政権の排除を唱えて源頼政とともに挙兵するが、敗死した(以仁王の挙兵)。
- The Prince Mochihito, who was not entitled to hold the name of Imperial prince, named himself the Imperial Prince Saisho in 1180 and raised an army with MINAMOTO no Yorimasa under the slogan of eliminating the Emperor Antoku and the Taira clan government but was killed in a battle (army raised by Prince Mochihito).
- 類聚符宣抄(るいじゅうふせんしょう)は、天平9年(737年)から寛治7年(1093年)までの間の太政官符・宣旨・解状を、部目別に分類して編集した法令集である。
- Ruiju fusensho is a collection of official documents where Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), imperial decrees and gebumi (reports to upper-class persons) from 737 to 1093 were classified and compiled.
- また、前述のように足利尊氏が室町幕府成立のきっかけとなる院宣を受け取った場所でもあるため幕末の歴史家頼山陽は“足利(室町幕府)は鞆で興り鞆で滅びた”と喩えた。
- Further, as shown above, taking into consideration that Tomo is the place where Takauji ASHIKAGA received the decree which lead to the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu, Sanyo Rai as a historian in the end of Edo period thus remarked: 'Ashikaga (Muromachi bakufu) came to power in Tomo and got overthrown in Tomo.'
- 同年、九州から再び東上した足利軍は、持明院統の光厳上皇の院宣を得て、5月に湊川の戦いにおいて宮方を撃破し、光厳上皇を奉じて入京、ここに新政は2年半で瓦解する。
- That same year, the Ashikaga army once again marched east towards the capital from Kyushu, and having obtained an Imperial edict from retired Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin lineage, in the fifth month they crushed Emperor Godaigo's loyalist forces at the battle of the Minato river; in obedience to retired Emperor Kogon, they entered the capital and thus marked the downfall of the new government, after just two and a half years.
- 光格天皇譲位の翌々年、文政3年(1820年)3月に皇太后となり、光格上皇崩御の翌天保12年(1841年)1月には出家して女院号宣下を受け、新清和院と称される。
- After two years of Emperor Kokaku's enthronement, the Prince became Empress Dowager in March 1820, she then entered into the priesthood in January 1841 when the Emperor died, she received the Nyoin go title and was named Shinseiwain.
- 三種の神器がない状況での即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河天皇の院宣により即位した先例に従ったものであり、この時代は三種の神器が皇位継承の絶対条件ではなかったのである。
- It was not an absolute condition to have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family for Imperial succession at that time, enthronement followed the example of Emperor Gotoba's enthronement after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Goshirakawa, without having the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 「内閣総理大臣ハ各大臣ノ首班トシテ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承ケテ行政各部ノ統一ヲ保持ス」(2条)と定めていたが、この「首班」とは「同輩中の首席」を意味すると解された。
- The Naikaku-kansei stipulated that 'as the head among the ministers, the Prime Minister shall report affairs of state to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions, and maintain unity among the different branches of the administration' (Article no. 2), but the abovementioned 'head' meant simply 'prima inter pares' (first among equals).
- 実際、福原への遷都宣言が出されたことはなく、行宮滞在中も行事は京都で行われている上、遷都計画が頓挫した後は、京都を首都とする方針が政権中枢にて決定されている。
- In fact,the edict for the transfer of the capital to Fukuhara was not issued, and rites and festivals were conducted in Kyoto even while Angu was set up in Fukuhara,and after the capital transfer plan came to a sudden stop, the policy of setting the capital in Kyoto was decided by the chief executives of the government.
- 1301年(正安3年)、執権職を従兄弟の北条師時に譲って引退したが、これは引退というより、重鎮の連署・北条宣時を道連れに引退させるためのものと見る向きもある。
- He retired from the post of regent, having his cousin Morotoki HOJO succeed to the post in 1301, but some people consider that it was for making the prominent figure of Rensho Noritoki HOJO retire with him rather than for his own retirement.
- 公家政権の政治力に低下に伴い、朝廷が定めた延久宣旨枡が用いられなくなると、日本各地でまちまちな基準で枡が作られるようになり、室町時代にはその弊害が深刻化した。
- When the Enkyu senjimasu (the nation-wide official measure in the Enkyu era) established by the Imperial Court fell out of use as the political power of the court noble government declined, masu began to be manufactured by a variety of different standards around the country, and the negative effects of this situation worsened in the Muromachi period.
- その後、錦小路頼徳は元治元年(1864年)に病没、澤宣嘉は生野の変で挙兵したのち脱出して長州に潜伏、残る五卿は長州征討第一次の後に筑前国太宰府天満宮に移された。
- Later, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI died from a disease in 1864, Nobuyoshi SAWA raised an army during the Ikuno Incident and then escaped to hide in Choshu, and the remaining five nobles were transferred to Dazaifu Tenmangu in Chikuzen Province after the first conquest of Choshu clan.
- 伊達稙宗は陸奥守護職に補任し、奥州探題であった大崎氏の内紛を解決して、大崎義宣を養子に入れて傘下に取り込み、出羽国の最上氏も勢力圏に組み込むなど大きく飛躍した。
- After appointed as Mutsu shugoshiki (provincial constables of Mutsu Province), Tanemune DATE drastically increased its influence by adopting Yoshinobu OSAKI in return for solving an internal conflict of the Osaki clan (then-Oshu Tandai), and putting the Osaki clan and later the Mogami clan of Dewa Province under control.
- その苦い経験から皇統の断絶を危惧した新井白石が、徳川将軍家に徳川御三家があるように、皇室にもそれを補完する新たな宮家を必要との建言を征夷大将軍徳川家宣に出した。
- After experiencing such difficulties, Hakuseki ARAI, who was concerned about the discontinuity of the Imperial line, suggested to the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Ienobu TOKUGAWA, that there was a need to establish a new subsidiary Miyake to support the Imperial family, after considering the fact that in the Shogun family, there are three branch families of the Tokugawa House.
- 江戸幕府が瓦解すると、1868年3月7日(慶応4年2月14日)、参与であった沢宣嘉が長崎裁判所総督兼任を命じられ、外国事務係となった井上馨と共に長崎に着任した。
- After the collapse of the Edo bakufu, Nobuyoshi SAWA who had served as sanyo (a councilor) was appointed to double as the Governor of the Nagasaki Court on March 7, 1868, and came to Nagasaki together with a newly assigned officer in charge of foreign affairs, Kaoru INOUE.
- 当時の李氏朝鮮は、壬午軍乱(1882年)で興宣大院君が清へ連れ去られており、閔妃をはじめとする驪興閔氏一族は、親日派政策から清への事大主義へと方向転換していた。
- At that time in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, as Heungseon Daewongun was abducted to Qing under the Imo Incident (1882), the Min clan of Yeoheung, including the Empress Myeongseong, had turned to serving the great Qing from the pro-Japanese policy.
- 当時の李氏朝鮮は、壬午事変(1882年)で興宣大院君が清へ連れ去られており、閔妃をはじめとする閔氏一族は、親日派政策から清への事大主義政策へと方向転換していた。
- In the Joseon Dynasty at that time, Heungseon Daewongun was taken to China after the Imo Incident (1882) and the Min family including Queen Min were changing their policies from pro-Japanese to Sadaejuui (Loving and admiring the great and powerful).
- 没官は原則として天皇の宣旨によって行われていたが、治承の乱において安徳天皇が平家に連行された最中に行われた平家没官領の没官は後白河法皇の院宣によって実施された。
- Although as a general rule, Mokkan was carried out upon receiving the emperor's special permission, Heike Mokkanryo (Land rights confiscated by Kamakura bakufu from the Taira family) during the time when the Emperor Antoku was kidnapped by the Taira family in Jisho War was carried out upon receiving the permission from the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa.
- 1月15日 (旧暦)(2月8日)、急遽、開国和親を朝廷より宣言した上で明治新政府への政権移譲を表明、東久世通禧(ひがしくぜみちとみ)を代表として交渉を開始した。
- On February 8, the Imperial Court was rushed into declaring the opening of a country to the world and amity, and announcing the handover of the political power to the Meiji Government, and then resumed the negotiation with Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE as its representative.
- 1863年から李朝第26代高宗 (朝鮮王)(在位1863年 - 1907年)の父で摂政の興宣大院君による政権時代、迫り来る帝国主義列強を排除する政策をとっていた。
- In 1863, Heungseon Daewongun, regent of the regime of the father of the 26th king of Yi Dynasty of Gao Zong (reign 1863 – 1907), implemented a policy to exclude the coming powerful countries of imperialism.
- 鎌倉時代中期頃に成立したと見られる『松島日記』と題する紀行文が清少納言の著書であると信じられた時代もあったが、江戸時代には本居宣長らによって偽書と判断されている。
- 'Matsushima Diary,' a travelogue that seems to have been completed in the middle of the Kamakura period, was once believed to have been written by Sei Shonagon, but it was concluded to be a forged book by Norinaga MOTOORI and others of the Edo period.
- 一般的に平氏政権は12世紀中期から段階的に成立したのであり、仁安2年5月宣旨を大きな画期としつつ、治承三年の政変により平氏政権の成立が完了したものと考えられている。
- In general, the Taira clan administration was established in steps from the middle of the 12th century, and although the May 1167 Imperial Order was a major event, the coup d'etat in 1179 is considered to indicate the completion of the establishment of the Taira clan administration.
- 元治元年(1864年)徳川慶喜らが還俗を孝明天皇に願い、同年(元号は文久)正月9日伏見宮に復し同18日勅許をもって復飾し改めて親王宣下と共に、山階宮の宮号を賜った。
- Since Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, et al. asked for his return to secular life to Emperor Komei in 1864, he returned Fushiminomiya on February 16 in the same year, returned to the secular life under an imperial sanction on 25 of the same month, and again received the reigning name of Yamashinanomiya along with the title of Imperial Prince by Imperial order.
- 伏見宮、有栖川宮、桂宮(現在の桂宮家とは無関係)、閑院宮の四宮家は世襲親王家として代々各宮家の王 (皇族)が天皇の猶子(養子の一種)となり、親王宣下を受け世襲した。
- A prince from each of the Four Imperial Houses of Princes (also called Miyake) comprised of Fushimi no Miya, Arisugawa no Miya, Katsura no Miya (no relation to the current Katsura no Miya) and Kanin no Miya was adopted by the emperor and conferred the title of imperial prince in order to inherit the throne.
- 外国人宣教師たちは、宗教的信念と戦勝国に属しているという傲岸さが入り交じった姿勢で中国社会に臨み、その慣行を無視することが多く、しばしば地域の官僚・郷紳と衝突した。
- The foreign missionaries dealt with Chinese society with an attitude of missionary belief and the arrogance of those belonging to a winning nation, and they often ignored customs, leading to frequent clashes with local bureaucracy and Kyoshin (Chinese gentry).
- 当初は義和団を称する秘密結社による排外運動であったが、1900年(光緒26年、明治33年)に西太后がこの反乱を支持して欧米列国に宣戦布告したため国家間戦争となった。
- It was originally an anti-foreign movement by the secret society named the Boxers, but it became a war between nations after Empress Dowager Cixi supported this rebellion and declared a war against European nations and the United States in 1900.
- 1911年の辛亥革命によって清朝は倒壊し、それまで支配下におかれていたモンゴルは同年12月1日に独立宣言をし、ロシアなどの列強諸国と直接交渉をせねばならなくなった。
- After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 the Qing dynasty collapsed and Mongolia, which had been under control of the Qing dynasty declared independence in December 1 of the same year and had to negotiate directly with powerful countries such as Russia.
- また清朝や義和団によって殺害された人々は宣教師や神父など教会関係者が241名(カトリック53人+プロテスタント188人)、中国人クリスチャン23000人といわれる。
- Furthermore, 241 people (53 Catholics and 188 Protestants) such as missionaries and fathers of the church, and 23,000 Chinese Christians were killed by the Qing dynasty and the Boxers.
- 1904年2月23日に「局外中立宣言」をしていた韓国との間で日韓議定書を締結し、日本が必要であれば朝鮮半島各地で軍隊を展開できるようになり、通行権などが確保された。
- On February 23, 1904, Japan concluded the Japan-Korea Protocol with Korea, who had announced 'Neutrality Declaration'; this allowed deployment of Japanese forced throughout Korean Peninsula if Japan required and a right of way was guaranteed.
- ただし、その後鎌倉幕府が惟康を京へ追放し、代わりに久明親王を将軍に迎えるため、その下準備として幕府の要請により朝廷より惟康に対して親王宣下がなされ、惟康は皇族に復帰。
- After that, the Kamakura bakufu expelled Koreyaku to Kyoto, then the Imerial court, at the request of the bakufu, gave him the title of Imperial Prince as groudwork for receiving the Imperial Prince Hisaakira as shogun and Koreyasu returned to the Imperial Family.
- 徳道上人が中山寺に宝印を納めてから約270年後、花山天皇が紀州国の那智山で参籠していた折、熊野権現が姿を現し上人が定めた三十三の観音霊場を再興するように託宣を受ける。
- Two hundred and seventy years after the Saint Tokudo's placement of the hoin at the Nakayama-dera Temple, when Emperor Kazan confined himself to the Mt. Nachi in Kishu Province for meditation, Kumano Gongen (the deity of the three grand shrines of Kumano) appeared in front of Emperor Kazan and gave an oracle to him that said he must revitalize the thirty-three holy places of Kannon that Saint Tokudo had designated.
- また義隆が学問・芸術に熱心で、キリスト教布教を許し、公家や宣教師を積極的に保護したことから、大内領内には独特の山口文化(大内文化)が生まれ、文化的にも全盛期を迎えた。
- Additionally, because Yoshitaka was enthusiastic about learning and art, and also because he permitted Christian missionary work and voluntarily protected kuge (court noble) and missionaries, a unique culture of Yamaguchi (Ouchi culture) was born in the territory of Ouchi family, which led to a height also in terms of culture.
- 頼朝は、後白河法皇から上洛を催促されたが、鎌倉に留まって逆に法皇へ東海道・東山道・北陸道の国衙領・荘園をもとのように、国司・本所へ返還させる内容の宣旨発布を要請する。
- Yoritomo was requested by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa to come to Kyoto, but he stayed in Kamakura and asked the Cloistered Emperor to issue an imperial order regarding the return of Kokugaryo (property governed by the local provincial office), and shoen (private estates) in Tokai-do, Tosan-do and Hokuriku-do Roads back to the kokushi (provincial governors) and honjo (proprietor or guarantor of manor).
- 直義は北朝の光厳天皇に師直追討の院宣を要請して師直を討とうとするが、8月12日、師直は河内から上洛した高師泰とともに手兵を集め、直義に対して武力による先制攻撃を行う。
- Tadayoshi requested an Imperial order to attack Moronao from Emperor Kogon of the Southern Court to kill Moronao, but on August 12, Moronao gathered troops together with Moroyasu KO who came to the capital from Kawachi and made a preemptive strike against Tadayoshi.
- 合意に基づき、さっそく4月14日には明治天皇より「立憲政体の詔書」が発せられ、元老院 (日本)・大審院・地方官会議を設置し、段階的に立憲政体を立てることが宣言された。
- Based on the agreement, the Emperor Meiji issued 'an imperial edict on constitutional government' on April 14 to declare that 'Genroin' (a Senate in Japan), 'Daishin-in' (a predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) and 'Chihokan Kaigi' (an Assembly of Prefectural Governors) should be established with a view to the gradual formation of constitutional government.
- 3月14日 (旧暦)(4月21日)、この日は勅使、院使が江戸城に登城して将軍綱吉が先の勅宣と院宣に対して返事を奏上するという奉答の儀式が執り行われる予定になっていた。
- On April 21, there was supposed to be a ceremony in which Shogun Tsunayoshi giving his response to a messages delivered from the Imperial messengers and Inshi after their arrival to Edo-jo Castle.
- 同年、源義経・源行家が頼朝政権の内規に違反したことを契機に、頼朝は両者追討の院宣を後白河法皇から獲得するとともに、両者の追捕を名目に、守護・地頭の任免権を承認させた。
- In the same year, when MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and MINAMOTO no Yukiie breached the bylaws of the Yoritomo administration, Yoritomo received an inzen (a decree from the retired emperor) from Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa to seek and destroy both of them and, in the name of this task, had the retired emperor approve his right to appoint and dismiss Shugo and Jito.
- また宣賢の孫舟橋枝賢(しげかた)(正三位・宮内卿・侍従・少納言)(1520年-1590年)の娘いと(洗礼名:マリア)は、細川ガラシャに仕えてキリスト教入信を手助けした。
- Furthermore, Ito (Christian name: Maria), a daughter of Nobukata's grandson, Shigekata FUNABASHI (Shosanmi, Kunaikyo [Minister of the Sovereign's Household], jiju, Shonagon) (1520 - 1590), served Gracia HOSOKAWA and helped her convert to Christianity.
- しかし、寿永2年(1183年)後白河法皇から『寿永二年十月宣旨』によって実質上の関東支配が公認されると、以仁王「令旨」は効力を失い、頼朝も寿永年号を使用するようになる。
- But in 1183 (Juei 2), when he was given de facto authorization to control the entire Kanto thanks to the 'Proclamation of the tenth month of the second year of Juei' issued by cloistered emperor Goshirakawa, the usefulness of prince Mochihito's command was at an end, and Yoritomo at last began using the Juei era name on his documents.
- 義昭は先の義栄将軍宣下の関係者の処分を要求し、関白近衛前久と参議高倉永相は石山本願寺を頼って逃亡し、権中納言勧修寺晴右は蟄居、参議水無瀬親氏は義栄とともに阿波に下った。
- Yoshiaki demanded punishment of those who had tried to have Yoshiteru proclaimed as Shogun; Sakihisa KONOE, (Chief Advisor to the Emperor) and Nagasuke TAKAKURA, Councilor, fled to Ishiyamahongan-ji Temple to take refuge, Gon chunagon (Deputy Middle Level Councilor) Haremigi KAJUJI shut up himself in his house as an expression of repentance, and Councilor Chikauji MINASE accompanied Yoshihide in his exile to Awa.
- 特に院政を廃止した後醍醐天皇が綸旨を院宣に替わる文書と位置づけた建武 (日本)年間から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけて著しい量の綸旨が出され、史料としても重要なものが多い。
- In particular, a significant number of rinji was issued during a period from the Kenmu era when Emperor Godaigo who abolished Insei (rule by the retired Emperor) specified rinji as a document replacing inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and many of them were important as historical data.
- だが、去ること長元4年(1031年)、当時の伊勢斎宮であった具平親王三女・せん子女王が酒乱に乗じて「ご託宣」と称し「斎宮の冷遇は天皇の失政」として非難した事件があった。
- However, there was an incident whereby Imperial Prince Tomohira's third daughter, Princess Senshi, who was Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) at that time, had too much to drink on one occasion and she criticized 'it was Emperor's mistake when he treated Saigu coldly.' as in her oracle in 1031.
- その頃、主家である河内守護 畠山義堯から離反して晴元への転属を画策する木沢長政から、晴元への内応の仲介依頼を受けた蓮淳であったが、間もなくこの事を義宣に知られてしまう。
- At that time, Renjun was asked by Nagamasa KIZAWA, who was trying to leave his master Yoshitake (Yoshinobu) HATAKEYAMA, the governor of Kawachi Province, to belong to Harumoto, to intervene for his betrayal, but it soon came to Yoshinobu's attention.
- 『万葉集』『日本書紀』に見える鏡王女(鏡王女)を姉とする説もあるが(本居宣長『玉勝間』)、それは「鏡王女」の表記を「鏡王の女(むすめ)」と解釈したもので、無理があろう。
- A theory (by Norinaga MOTOORI in his essay 'Tamakatsuma' (A Jeweled Basket)) states that Kagami no Okimi (鏡王女), who appears in 'Manyoshu' and 'Nihon Shoki' may be an elder sister of Nukata no Okimi, assuming that '鏡王女' means '女 (daughter of) 鏡王(Kagami no O)', but this may be far-fetched.
- これらの農村の膨大な武器がほぼ完全に消滅するのは、大日本帝国が太平洋戦争においてポツダム宣言を受諾し降伏文書に調印した後の、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の占領政策による。
- These cache of weapons in the rural villages were almost completely eradicated under the Occupation policy by the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ) which was carried out after the Empire of Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration for the Pacific War and the Instrument of Surrender was signed.
- 宣陽門院(せんようもんいん、養和元年10月5日 (旧暦)(1181年11月13日) - 建長4年6月8日 (旧暦)(1252年7月15日))は、平安時代後期の皇族、女院。
- Senyomonin (November 20, 1181 - July 22, 1252) was nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing) of the Imperial Family, who lived toward the end of the Heian period.
- 文政5年11月15日(1823年12月27日)、光格天皇の猶子となり、同6年9月23日(1823年10月26日)、12歳(数え)で親王宣下、幟仁の名を受け、翌月元服する。
- He was adopted by Emperor Kokaku on December 27, 1822, and then he was declared to be Imperial Prince Takahito at the age of 12 (by the old Japanese system) on October 26, 1823 and he had a ceremony of attaining manhood in the following month.
- 当時の有力歌人であった源順(みなもとのしたごう)、大中臣能宣・源重之らと交流があったが、偏狭な性格で自尊心が高かったことから、社交界に受け入れられず孤立した存在であった。
- Although he was friends with contemporary leading poets such as MINAMOTO no Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, and MINAMOTO no Shigeyuki, because of his intolerant character and having too much pride in himself, he was not accepted by society and he grew isolated.
- 天長節の儀礼が整ったのは明治5年で、同年の天長節の勅語で「茲ニ朕カ誕辰ニ方リ群臣ヲ会同シ酺宴ヲ張リ舞楽ヲ奏セシム汝群臣朕カ偕ニ楽シムノ意ヲ体シ其ノ能ク歓ヲ尽セヨ」と宣した。
- Finally in 1872, tencho setsu ceremony was formally arranged and at the Ordinance of tencho setsu of that year, it was declared that '茲ニ朕カ誕辰ニ方リ群臣ヲ会同シ酺宴ヲ張リ舞楽ヲ奏セシム汝群臣朕カ偕ニ楽シムノ意ヲ体シ其ノ能ク歓ヲ尽セヨ.'
- 安永3年(1774年)6月に伏見宮貞行親王が薨去し、伏見宮家が空主となったため、同年11月13日後桃園天皇の勅命により還俗し宮家を相続、名を邦頼と賜り改めて親王宣下を蒙る。
- After Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadamochi passed away in July 1774, as there was no heir to the Fushiminomiya family, he returned to the secular life following the order of Emperor Gomomozono and succeeded to the Fushiminomiya family on December 15th of the same year receiving the title of Imperial Prince again with his name changed to Kuniyori.
- 鎌倉幕府滅亡後に京都に成立した後醍醐天皇の建武政権から離反した足利尊氏は、持明院統の光厳上皇の院宣を受け、建武3年(1336年)6月に京都を確保すると上皇を奉じて入京する。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA separated from the Kenmu Government set up by Emperor Godaigo in Kyoto after the collapse of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and received an Imperial decree by the Retired Emperor Kogon of the Jimyo-in line, after which he captured Kyoto in July and August 1336 and led the Retired Emperor into Kyoto.
- 院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符などの政府として最終決定意思を表示する文書と、同等の効力が認められていたのに対し、院宣は形式の面でも効力の面でも、簡易なものとして発給されていた。
- While an innocho kudashibumi, such as Shochoku (imperial edict) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), was a document that expressed the final decision of the government, an inzen was considered a much simpler document from the point of view of its format and efficacy.
- また、本宣旨が対象とする地域範囲についても、佐藤進一や石井進 (歴史学者)らが東海道・東山道全域とするのに対し、上横手雅敬は遠江・信濃以東の13カ国に限定されていたとする。
- Moreover, while some historians, such as Shinichi SATO and Susumu ISHII consider the extent of the area subject to this decree as the whole area throughout Tokaido (an old Japanese geographical region that was situated along the southeastern edge of Honshu) and Tosando(an old Japanese geographical region that was situated along the central mountains of Honshu), Masataka UWAYOKOTE insists that it was limited to the thirteen provinces located eastward of Totomi Province and Shinano Province.
- 乾元 (日本)元年(1302年)に内親王宣下を受け、徳治元年(1306年)、斎宮に卜定されるが、徳治3年(1308年)、異母兄後二条天皇崩御のため、群行には至らず退下した。
- In 1302, she was conferred by the Emperor as an Imperial Princess, and in 1306, she was selected by divination as a Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine), but since her older paternal half-brother Emperor Gonijo died in 1308, she resigned before going to Ise.
- 綸旨とは本来は「綸言の旨」の略であり、天皇の意そのものを指していたが、平安時代中期以後は天皇の口宣を元にして蔵人が作成・発給した公文書の要素を持った奉書を指すようになった。
- Rinji ('綸旨' in Chinese characters) originally stood for 'Ringen no Mune' ('綸言の旨' in Chinese characters), and meant the Emperor's intention itself; however, in and after the mid Heian period, Rinji came to mean hosho (a document for informing lower rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) which contained elements of an official document created and issued by Kurodo based on an imperial decree given orally by the Emperor.
- 昭和天皇は人間宣言をした後、日本全国各地への巡幸をはじめたが、多大な犠牲者を出した沖縄戦が行われ当時日本と切り離され連合軍の直接統治下におかれた沖縄は、対象とされなかった。
- Emperor Showa, after declaring himself as a human, started Junko (visit by the Emperor) to various places in Japan, but Okinawa, where the Battle of Okinawa took place causing great casualties, and was placed under direct control of the Allied Forces, apart from Japan at that time, was not included.
- 宣教師グネッキ・ソルディ・オルガンティノはルイス・フロイス宛の報告書の中で「王国(ポルトガル)の船にも似ており、このような船が日本で造られていることは驚きだ」と述べている。
- Gnecchi-Soldo Organtino, a missionary, wrote in his report to Luis Frois that the ship was like one in the Kingdom (Portugal) and that he was surprised to know that such a ship had been constructed in Japan.
- 内閣総理大臣は「内閣ノ首班トシ機務ヲ奏宣シ旨ヲ承テ大政ノ方向ヲ指示」(2条)し、また「行政全部ヲ統督」(4条)すると定められ、少なくとも形式上は強力な権限を与えられていた。
- The Naikaku-shokken stipulated that the Prime Minister 'shall report state affairs to the Emperor, receive the Emperor's instructions, and direct the course of policies as the first among ministers' (Article 2) and 'maintain unity among the different branches of the administration' (Article 4); the Prime Minister, therefore, possessed extensive authority, at least formally.
- 当時、在地豪族(地方軍事貴族)はたびたび国衙に反抗的な行動をとっていたが、中央の有力貴族との私的な関係を通じて不問になることが多く、実際に追討宣旨が下されることは稀だった。
- At that time, local powerful clans (local military aristocracies) often behaved disaffectedly to the kokuga (provincial government office), but it was overlooked due to the private relationship with central dominant nobilities, so an imperial decree to hunt down and kill Tadatsune was rarely issued.
- 賀茂真淵(宣長宛書翰)や沼田順義・中沢見明・筏勲・松本雅明・大和岩雄・大島隼人らは、『古事記』の成立が公の史書に記されていないことなどの疑問点を提示し、偽書説を唱えている。
- KAMO no Mabuchi (a letter to Norinaga), Noriyoshi NUMATA, Kenmyo NAKAZAWA, 筏勲, Masaaki MATSUMOTO, Iwao OWA, and Hayato OSHIMA advocate the gisho theory raising suspicious points, for example; the completion of 'Kojiki' was not recorded in official history documents.
- 足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇の皇統とは宿敵にあたる持明院統の光厳天皇の院宣を受けて、北朝 (日本)を樹立、征夷大将軍に任ぜられることで足利宗家は足利将軍家として成立することとなった。
- After Takauji ASHIKAGA received an inzen (a decree issued by a retired Emperor) from Emperor Kogen of the Jimyoin line, a rival to Emperor Godaigo's line, he established the Northern Court (Japan) and was appointed Seii taishogun; thus, the head family of the Ashikaga clan became the Ashikaga Shogunate family.
- 徳富蘆花は、「謀反論」を書き、謀反を恐れてはならないとし、石川啄木は「時代閉塞の現状」への宣戦布告を行ったが、永井荷風はこれを機に社会的関心から意識的に遠ざかるようになった。
- Roka TOKUTOMI wrote 'Muhonron' (on rebellion) and advocated not to be afraid to rebel and Takuboku ISHIKAWA declared war against the 'situation of exclusive period,' but Kafu NAGAI intentionally kept his distance of social interests on this occasion.
- その報告を受けて、孝謙天皇は仲麻呂を傍らに置いて、塩焼王、安宿王、黄文王、橘奈良麻呂、大伴古麻呂を前に「謀反の企てがあるとの報告があるが自分は信じない」との宣命を読み上げた。
- After receiving the report from the hearing, Empress Koken, with Nakamaro beside him, read an imperial edict in front of Prince Shioyaki, Prince Asukabe, Prince Kibumi, TACHIBANA no Naramaro and OTOMO no Komaro that established her disbelief in the conspiracy even though there was a report that confirmed the ensuing rebellion.
- また、学制の整備によって宣教政策の目的が達成されるとの観点から、政府は教部省の存在自体を懐疑的に捉える結末となり、上記の混乱によって既存の宗教勢力は右往左往することとなった。
- In addition, the Meiji government considered that the establishment of the educational system throughout Japan could satisfy the purpose of national edification at the same time and thus became skeptical of Kyobusho, and these inconsistencies made the existing religious groups rush around in confusion.
- 神祇官内に設置された宣教使の神道と儒教を基本とした国民教導が失敗したことを受け、当時最大の宗教勢力であった仏教、特に浄土真宗の要請によって神・儒・仏の合同布教体制が敷かれた。
- After the failure of Shintoism instructed by the Shinto Missionary division set up inside of the department of Jingikan (officers of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) and the edification based on the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism, the largest religious group of the days, and particularly its Jodo Shinshu Sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) requested the government to jointly propagate three religions in Japan, including Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
- その後江戸時代に入り本居宣長は『源氏物語年紀考』(1763年(宝暦13年))において「旧年立」に考察を加え、「旧年立」を一部改めたものを「改め正したる年立の図」として作った。
- In the Edo period, Norinaga MOTOORI examined 'the old chronology' in his 'Genji monogatari nenkiko'(written in 1763), revised part of it and included it as 'the improved and corrected chronology.'
- 平安時代中期に入ると、太政官牒・院庁牒は請印が不要な官宣旨・院宣にその役目を取って代わられる一方で、蔵人所・検非違使庁をはじめとした令外官の増大で牒そのものの発給は増大した。
- In the mid Heian period, daiokancho and innochocho were replaced by Kan senji (an edict from Daijokan [Grand Council of State] which had the status of a binding official document) and Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) which did not require shoin (a ceremony to seal documents issued by the government) while the number of cho issued increased due to an increase in number of Ryoge no kan in agencies such as Kurodo dokoro (the Office of Imperial Household Logistics) and Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).
- 1586年(天正14年)3月16日 (旧暦)には大坂城にイエズス会宣教師ガスパール・コエリョを引見し、同年5月4日 (旧暦)にはイエズス会に対して布教の許可証を発給している。
- He gave an audience to Gaspar Coelho, a missionary of the Society of Jesus, in Osaka Castle on March 16, 1586 and issued a permit for the mission on May 4 of the same year.
- 勧修寺流藤原宣孝(紫式部の夫)から数えて7代目にあたる鎌倉時代の廷臣・藤原宗隆の子孫である姉小路宗方(宗隆の子)・姉小路顕朝・姉小路忠方の3代がいるが、早いうちに没落している。
- The line descending from FUJIWARA no Munetaka, who was a courtier in the Kamakura Period and the seventh generation descended from FUJIWARA no Nobutaka (the husband of Murasaki Shikibu) of the Kajuji line, ended early after only three generations, the members of this line being Munekata ANEGAKOJI (the son of Munetaka), Akitomo ANEGAKOJI and Tadakata ANEGAKOJI.
- 不輸荘園はこれを回避すべく、有力貴族に働きかけて雑役免除の官符・宣旨を獲得していたが、国司側もさらに一国平均の雑役賦課を上級官庁へ申請し、認可を受けて不輸荘園へ対抗していった。
- In order to avoid paying taxes, owners of fuyu shoen influenced powerful aristocrats to obtain kanpu (official documents from Dajokan, or Great Council of State) or senji (an imperial letter) to become task or tax exempt; however, provincial governors then requested reinforcement of ikkoku heikin task or tax imposition to a superior authority, had their request approved, and countered fuyu shoen owners.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- 同時に、8項目からなる党の理想と、28項目からなる綱領を含んだ「社会民主党宣言書」を発表し、これが『労働世界』をはじめ『横浜毎日新聞』、『万朝報』、『報知新聞』等に掲載された。
- At the same time, they announced 'the Declaration of the Social Democratic Party,' which contained eight-article party ideals and a 28-article party platform; the declaration was published in such newspapers as the 'Rodo Sekai,' the 'Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun,' the 'Yorozuchoho,' and the 'Hochi Shimbun.'
- 更に長元8年(1035年)に章親実弟の安倍奉親が天文権博士に任ぜられ、安倍氏が天文両博士を独占した(更に2人の長兄安倍時親も長元4年(1031年)に天文密奏宣旨を受けている)。
- In addition, Akichika's younger brother, ABE no Norichika, was assigned to be tenmongon no hakuji in 1035, completing the Abe clan's monopoly of both hakase relating to tenmon (in 1031, their oldest brother ABE no Tokichika received an imperial decree of tenmon misso as well).
- 天保13年9月15日(1842年10月18日)には結婚を前に内親王宣下がなされるも、その2日後の9月17日(10月20日)に愛仁親王の薨去が発せられたため、結婚には至らなかった。
- She received the title to become Imperial Princess on October 18, 1842 just before she was getting married however, two days after this, on October 20 Imperial Prince Naruhito died and the marriage did not happen.
- 私軍(わたくしいくさ・私戦(しせん))とは、近世以前の日本において太政官符や宣旨、幕府の命令などの公的命令によらずして、敵討や自力救済のために行われる小規模な武力行使・戦闘行為。
- Watakushiikusa (also called shisen [private warfare]) is a small-scale military/battle conducted in Japan before the early-modern period for Katakiuchi (revenge) or for self-preservation, without an official order such as Daijokanpu (official documents of Daijokan, which is the office of the supreme political leader), senji (imperial decree) or an order from bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- ところが、改新の詔第1条は、こうした私的所有・支配を禁止し、全ての土地・人民は天皇(公)が所有・支配する体制の確立、すなわち私地私民制から公地公民制への転換を宣言するものである。
- Article 1 in the Kaishin no Mikotonori edict, however, banned such private ownership and control of lands and people and declared the establishment of a system that the emperor (the public) should own and rule all the lands and pelple, in other words, the conversion of Shichi Shimin sei (private ownership) to Kochi Komin sei (public ownership).
- しかし孝子内親王は後光明天皇の唯一の遺児、嫡流の皇女として重んじられ、天和 (日本)3年12月(1684年1月)に親王宣下、次いで宝永5年(1708年)には一品親王に叙されている。
- However, the Imperial Princess Takako was respected as the Emperor Gokomyo's only one bereaved child and the imperial princess of the direct descendant; she received senge (imperial proclamation) for the imperial princess in January 1684, and then conferred Ippon Shinno (the first-ranked imperial princess) in 1708.
- 8月仁和寺から戻った孫王は、9月親王宣下を蒙り「守仁」と命名され即日立太子、12月に元服、翌年3月には美福門院の皇女・しゅ子内親王を妃に迎えるなど、美福門院の全面的な支援を受けた。
- Sonno returned from Ninna-ji Temple in August, whereupon he was ordered to become the crown prince and adopt the name 'Morihito' in September; he then had a coming-of-age ceremony in December and in March of the following year, he married Princess Shushi, as a result of which he had the complete support of Princess Shushi's father, Bifuku mon in.
- 慶長5年(1600年)6月6日、大坂城西出丸において軍議が招集され、家康・秀忠が白河口、佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)が仙道口、伊達政宗が白石口、前田利長・堀秀治が越後口と布陣が決定した。
- On June 6, 1600, a war council was convened in the Nishi-demaru (defense strongpoint) of the Osaka-jo Castle and it was determined that Ieyasu and Ietada would take up their position at Shirakawa-guchi Gate, Yoshinobu SATAKE (Ukyo no daibu [Master of the Western Capital Offices]) at Sendo-guchi Gate, Masamune DATE at Shiraishi-guchi Gate, and Toshinaga MAEDA and Hideharu HORI at Echigo-guchi Gate.
- 1945年の第二次世界大戦終戦に伴い実効支配を喪失し、1945年9月2日、ポツダム宣言の条項を誠実に履行することを約束した降伏文書調印によって、正式に日本による朝鮮支配は終了した。
- Japan lost the effective control due to the end of the Second World War in 1945, and its rule of Korea officially ended upon signing the Instrument of Surrender in which they promised to follow the provisions in the Potsdam Declaration in good faith on September 2, 1945.
- 7月10日、東京に置かれた英国大使館を外務省への改編に伴って外務卿に就任した澤宣嘉と同じく大蔵省への改編に伴って大蔵大輔に就任した大隈がパークスを訪問する形式で予備会談が行われた。
- On July 10, a preliminary meeting was held in the form of visit Parkes in British Embassy in Tokyo by Nobuyoshi SAWA, who assumed the position of chief of Foreign Ministry accompanying the reorganization to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with OKUMA, who similarly assumed the position of Okura no taifu (senior assistant minister of the Minister of Treasury) accompanying the reorganization to the Ministry of Finance.
- バテレン追放令(-ついほうれい・伴天連追放令)は1587年7月24日(天正15年6月19日 (旧暦))に筑前箱崎において豊臣秀吉が発令したキリスト教宣教と南蛮貿易に関する禁制文書。
- The Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries was a prohibition document concerning the mission of Christianity and trade with Spain and Portugal issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Chikuzen Hakozaki, in July 24, 1587.
- 『康富記』によると、康仁親王の後の木寺宮は、邦恒王 ─ 世平王 ─ 木寺宮邦康親王と3代を経て、室町時代中期まで存続した(邦恒王・世平王は早世したため、親王宣下を受けた記録がない)。
- According to 'Yasutomi-Ki' (Diaries of Yasutomi NAKAHARA), the Kidera no Miya after Imperial Prince Yasuhito continued through three generations, Prince Kunitsune, 世平王, and Imperial Prince Kidera no Miya Kuniyasu, and existed untill the middle the Muromachi period (since Prince Kunitsune and 世平王 died young, there is no record showing that they were declared as Imperial Prince).
- 『日本書紀』では仁賢天皇との間に高橋大娘皇女、朝嬬皇女、手白香皇女(継体天皇の皇后・欽明天皇の母)、樟氷皇女、橘皇女(橘仲皇女、宣化天皇の皇后)、武烈天皇、真稚皇女を生んだとされる。
- According to the 'Nihonshoki,' as wife of the Emperor Ninken, Princess Kasuga no Oiratsume gave birth to the following children: Princess Takahashi no Oitsura no Hime, Princess Asazuma no Hime, Princess Tashiraka no Hime (Tashiraka no Hime Miko; the Empress of the Emperor Keitai and the mother of the Emperor Kinmei), Princess Kusuhi no Hime, Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu Hime (also known as 'Tachibana no Nakatsu Hime Miko'; the Empress of the Emperor Senka), the Emperor Buretsu, and Princess Mawaka no Hime.
- しかし平家打倒の治承・寿永の乱を経て、寿永2年/治承7年(1183年)に後白河天皇から東国における統治権的支配権(東海道・東山道の実質的支配権)を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を与えられる。
- After the Jisho Juei Revolt, during which the Taira government collapsed, he was handed a Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (a written decree from the Emperor and the Great Council of State) by Emperor Goshirakawa in 1183, which granted him sovereign authority (effective control of Tokaido and Tosando) over the eastern provinces.
- これに対しては、即位詔という公式の宣言の中で天皇を無視し、天皇の権威よりも皇太子のほうが優越していたという事実を是認することは穏当ではないとする批判があり、現在では支持されていない。
- Toward this theory, some scholars criticized that it is not appropriate to admit the fact that the dominance of the crown prince over the emperor's authority was advocated in the official oath like the imperial edict, ignoring the presence of the emperor, and nowadays, this theory is not supported.
- 資格や実際に通過できる門は時期によって異なるが、摂関・親王・大臣・大僧正のうち既に輦車宣旨を受けている者が主たる対象者であり、対象者の身分や宮門そのものの構造によって決定されていた。
- The criteria and the actual gate that could be passed depended upon the period, but Sekkan, imperial princes, ministers, Daisojo (head priest) who already had Teguruma no senji (special permission from the Emperor to enter the imperial palace in a hand cart) were eligible and was decided upon by the person's position and the actual structure of the court gate.
- だが、有世が“土御門”を名乗ったとする記録は当の土御門家にも存在せず、確実に「土御門」を名乗ったと言えるのは、その曾孫にあたる安倍有宣(室町時代中期-後期)以後であると考えられている。
- However, even the Tsuchimikado family themselves do not have any record which shows that Ariyo used the surname of 'Tsuchimikado,' and it is thought that the first person who used the 'Tsuchimikado' surname was ABE no Nobuari, the grandson of Ariyo, and the later generations (mid- to late- Muromachi period).
- いずれも明治3年1月3日(1870年2月3日)の明治天皇の即位に際して発せられた詔勅「…立極垂統、列皇相承、継之述之…宣明治教以宣揚惟神之大道也…」に出典を求め、命名されたものである。
- The source of these two names is in the Imperial Rescript issued on February 3, 1870 when the Emperor Meiji ascended the throne, which said 'Today's prosperity is due to successive deities ascended the throne to establish the natural order and nurture everything... Japanese people are expected to live following the deities' will.'
- キリシタン大名として知られた内藤忠俊(如安・後に小西行長家臣)が丹波の小領主だった時代、ルイス・フロイスら宣教師が忠俊の招待を受けてここを経由して丹波に入ったとする記録が残されている。
- It was recorded that, when Tadatoshi (Joan) NAITO (later a retainer of Yukinaga KONISHI), who was known as a Christian daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) was the lord of a small territory, missionaries, including Luis FROIS, were invited by Tadatoshi and visited Tanba via here.
- 平野、北垣らは「当役所」の名で沢宣嘉の告諭文を発して、天領一帯に募兵を呼びかけ、かねてより北垣が「農兵論」を唱えていたこともあり、その日正午には2000人もの農民が生野の町に群集した。
- Hirano, Kitagaki and others issued an official notice by Nobuyoshi SAWA under the name 'this public office,' calling for recruits all over the shogunate's land and because Kitagaki had already been advocating the 'farmers to arms doctrine,' around two thousand farmers gathered in Ikuno town at noon on that day.
- 寛永6年(1629年)の紫衣事件や将軍徳川家光の乳母春日局が無官のまま参内した事件に、江戸幕府への憤りを覚えた父の後水尾天皇から突然の内親王宣下と譲位を受け、興子内親王として7歳で践祚。
- The Empress succeeded to the throne at the age of seven as Imperial Princess Okiko after suddenly receiving the title Princess by Imperial order from her father, Emperor Gomizunoo, who was angry about the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) after the Shie Incident in 1629, and another incident, Shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's educator, Kasuga no Tsubone entered the Imperial Palace without any official position.
- 1069年荘園整理令を発布して記録荘園券契所を設置し、1070年には絹布の制、1072年には延久宣旨枡や估価估価法の制定等、律令制度の形骸化により弱体化した皇室の経済基盤の強化を図った。
- In 1069, the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates was issued and a contract office to record estates was established, followed by the issuance of the silk fabric regulation in 1070 and the setting of the Enkyu measuring cup by the Emperor's order; the official measuring cup and the price regulation were established in 1072, and the Emperor tried to build a strong financial base for the Imperial Court, which had been destabilized due to the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes and had become a mere facade.
- 討手陸奥の守宗宣、下野の守貞綱既に攻め寄せんと欲するの処に、宗方は殿中(師時の舘、禅閤貞時同宿)の騒擾を聞き、宿所より参らるるの間、隠岐の入道阿清(佐々木時清)宗方の為に討たれをはんぬ。
- When the chasers, Munenobu, Mutsu no Kami, and Sadatsuna, Shimotsuke no Kami, were going to attack, Munekata heard disturbing noise at Denchu (Morotoki's residence where Sadatoki, zenko (one of the three principal ministers with priesthood) stayed) and on his way to the residence from his lodging where Asei, Nyudo of Oki (Tokikiyo SASAKI) was killed to protect Munekata.
- 貞観格(じょうがんきゃく)は、平安時代の貞観 (日本)11年4月13日 (旧暦)(869年5月27日)に奏進され、同年9月7日 (旧暦)(同年10月15日)の宣旨によって施行された格式。
- Jogan-kyaku Code was one of the Kyakushiki codes (amendments and enforcement regulations of the Ritsuryo Code) that was submitted to the Emperor on May 31, 869, and was enforced on October 19 the same year with the imperial decree.
- 『平家物語』は彼女が嫉妬したために、後白河皇子以仁王は親王宣下すら受けられず平氏への憎悪を増したと、別の一面を伝えているが、たった一人の子を思う母の気持ちを考えれば無理のないものといえる。
- According to 'The Tale of the Taira Clan,' it showed the different aspects of Shigeko and it was said that Emperor Goshirakawa's Prince, Prince Mochihito could not receive even the title to become Imperial Prince because Shigeko showed her jealousy, however it was understandable that Shigeko had such jealous feelings after thinking so much about her only son.
- 「すみれ草」とは文化 (元号)9年(1812年)に本居宣長の弟子である北村久備が著した「すみれ草」(上巻と中巻は『源氏物語』の系図、下巻は年立からなる三巻本)に収録された系図のことである。
- Sumireso is a genealogy which was collected in 'Sumireso' (consisting of three books: the first and second volumes of genealogy of 'The Tale of Genji' and the third volume of chronological table) written by Kyubi KITAMURA, a disciple of Norinaga MOTOORI in 1812.
- また吉平も正暦2年(991年)に陰陽博士に任じられていたことが知られ、陰陽助などを経た後に従四位下に叙され、寛仁3年(1019年)に天文博士であった吉昌死去を受けて天文密奏の宣旨を受ける。
- Meanwhile, Yoshihira is known to have been appointed as onmyo hakase (Doctor of onmyo) in 991; he was granted Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) after serving as onmyo no suke (Assistant Director of Onmyoryo, or Bureau of Divination) and received an imperial decree of tenmon misso in 1019 following the death of Yoshimasa, who was the then tenmon hakase.
- これを知った幕府、3代将軍・徳川家光は、1627年、事前に勅許の相談がなかったことを法度違反とみなして多くの勅許状の無効を宣言し、京都所司代・板倉重宗に法度違反の紫衣を取り上げるよう命じた。
- In 1627, when the bakufu, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun learned of this, and since there was no consultation in advance he therefore considered this a violation of the law and annulled many of the Imperial decrees and ordered Shigemune ITAKURA of the Kyoto Shoshidai to confiscate any illegal Shies.
- その結果、法皇は義仲への配慮のため北陸道は除いたが、ほぼ上記の内容を認める寿永二年十月宣旨を頼朝へ発して東海道・東山道の荘園・国衙領を元の通り領家に従わせる権限(沙汰権)が頼朝に認められた。
- As a result, the Cloistered Emperor issued 'Juei Ninen ju gatsu no senji,' an Imperial order close to the content above, except that Hokuriku-do Road was excluded in order to honor Yoshinaka and gave Yoritomo the right (Sata ken) to return shoen and Kokugaryo in the Tokai-do Road and Tosan-do Road back to their owners.
- 鎌倉時代以降、親王宣下の制度により、本来その資格のない2世王以下の皇族が天皇・太上天皇の養子・猶子となって親王の称号を世襲する例が散見されるようになり、これを後世「世襲親王家」と呼んでいる。
- After the Kamakura period, due to the regulations governing the titles of Princes by Imperial Order, it was often seen for a member of the Imperial family, who was in his second generation or earlier, and not entitled to the throne, to became an adopted son of an Emperor or retired Emperor and then succeed to the throne, this example was called 'Seshu Shinnoke' (the Hereditary Imperial family) in future generations.
- 常盤井宮全仁親王の子として生まれ、永徳元年(1381年)に親王宣下を受けるが、これは愛妾の一人である小少将なる女性を足利義満に差し出し、その結果、義満の根回しによって為された物だったという。
- Though he was born the son of Imperial Prince Tokiwainomiya Matahito and was given the title of Imperial Prince in 1381, this was accomplished behind-the-scenes because Prince Masahito offered one of his beloved concubines called Koshosho to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and Yoshimitsu produced a child with her who would become the Imperial Prince.
- 「これを要するに、明治十四年初頭から十七年の末までの福沢の東アジア政策論には、朝鮮国内における改革派の援助という点での一貫性があり、「脱亜論」はこの福沢の主張の敗北宣言にすぎないのである。」
- 'To sum up, in Fukuzawa's theory of East Asian policy from the beginning of 1881 to the end of 1884, there was a consistency in supporting revolutionaries within Korea and the 'Datsu-A Ron' was just his concession speech for what he had been insisting.'
- 人身売買説に対しては『御朱印師職古格』に日本人が日本人を南蛮人に売り渡す事を禁止する一文があるが、それ以外には史料はなく、内容も「大唐、南蛮、高麗に」であって「宣教師に」とは書かれていない。
- As to the human trafficking theory, there is one sentence in 'Goshuin Shishoku Kokaku' prohibiting the selling of Japanese to the southern barbarians by the Japanese, but there is no material other than this and the content is 'to Great Tang, southern Europe, and Goryeo,' not written with regard 'to the missionaries'.
- 12月2日_(旧暦)には四宮の親王宣下が行われて「朝仁親王」の名が与えられ、翌3年(1683年)2月9日_(旧暦)には中世以来断絶していた立太子式が行われて朝仁親王が正式に皇太子に立てられた。
- On December 30, an imperial proclamation to nominate Shinomiya was issued, renaming him Imperial Prince Asahito, who was officially invested in crown princedom in the ceremony of investiture of the Crown Prince next year, on March 7, 1683, the first such rite after a long interval since the (Japanese) Medieval Age.
- 天平宝字6年(762年)に孝謙上皇は平城京に帰還し、5月23日 (旧暦)(6月23日)に法華寺に別居、その10日後、尼僧姿で重臣の前に現れ、淳仁天皇から天皇としての権限を取り上げると宣言した。
- In 763, Retired Empress Koken returned to Heijo Capital, moved to Hokke-ji Temple on June 23, and, 10 days later, appeared as a nun in front of senior vassals to declare that she would deprive Emperor Junnin of authority.
- 具体的には、盛宣懐や張謇が地方大官と各国領事の間を奔走し、「保護南省商教章程」9ヶ条と「保護上海租界城廂章程」10ヶ条を結び、外国人の生命及び財産を列強が進攻しない限り保護することを確約した。
- To be exact, Sheng Xuanhuai and Zhang Jian made a great effort between high local officials and the embassy of each nation, and agreed to Article 9 of '保護南省商教章程' and Article 10 of '保護上海租界城廂章程' to promise the protection of the lives and finances of foreigners unless the allied western powers invaded.
- 慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いで、主君佐竹義宣が東軍参加を渋ったことから、戦後処理で常陸国54万5000石から出羽国20万5000石に減封されるに伴い、頼久も主家に従い、秋田に転籍した。
- Because the lord Yoshinobu SATAKE was unwilling to join the Eastern Camp in the Battle of Sekigahara of 1600, the territory of Satake was diminished from the Hitachi Province with 545,000 koku crop yields to the Dewa Province with 205,000 koku crop yields due to the postwar treatment and accordingly Yorihisa followed his master family and was transferred to Akita.
- 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる(江戸崎藩)が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
- Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 何ぞ不可ならん」と啖呵を切ったと言われている(『続本朝通鑑』)が、当時、即位に当たって神器の存在は必ずしも要件とはされておらず、治天による伝国詔宣により即位が可能であるとする観念が存在していた。
- Nothing is the matter' ('Zoku Honchotsugan' (history book edited by the Edo bakufu) he is said to have openly said, but the existence of the Sacred Treasures was not mandatory for ascension and the Denkoku Shosen by the Chiten was thought to have been sufficient in those times.
- その後、孝明天皇にほかの男子が生まれなかったため、万延元年(1860年)7月10日、勅令により祐宮は准后女御・英照皇太后の「実子」とされ、同年9月28日、親王宣下を受け名を「睦仁」と付けられた。
- After that, since the Emperor Komei did not have any other boys, on August 26, 1860, Sachinomiya became 'biological child' of Jugo nyogo (a high-ranking lady from a humble family) Empress Dowager Eisho by imperial edict and on November 10 of the same year he was given the title of Imperial Prince and named 'Mutsuhito'.
- 寛弘二年(1005年)12月29日 (旧暦)より、一条天皇の中宮・藤原彰子(藤原道長の長女、のち院号宣下して上東門院)に女房兼家庭教師役として仕え、少なくとも同八年頃まで奉仕し続けたようである。
- In December 29 (according to the lunar calendar) of 1005, she began serving the Empress of Emperor Ichijo FUJIWARA no Shoshi/Akiko (the oldest daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, and later given the name of the Retired Emperor Jotomonin) as a court lady-cum-tutor, and she served the Empress at least until 1011.
- 上記史料を総合すると、本宣旨は、東国における荘園・公領の領有権を旧来の荘園領主・国衙へ回復させることを命じる。その回復を実現するため源頼朝の東国行政権を承認するという2つの内容から構成されている。
- Putting the above historical records together, the contents of this decree can be summarized as; the order that required lords of the manor and kokuga (provincial government officers) to restore the territorial rights for shoen and koryo, and the approval of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's administrative authority on the Togoku region in order to make the above restoration come true.
- しかし、1085年(応徳2年)に実仁が亡くなると、白河天皇は翌年には父の遺言を無視して実子である善仁親王を皇太子に立ててその日のうちに皇太子への譲位を宣言して堀河天皇を即位させるという手段に出た。
- However, Emperor Shirakawa ignored his father's will when Sanehito died in 1085, he formally installed his biological son Imperial Prince Taruhito as the Crown Prince in the next year, and within the day, Shirakawa declared to give the throne to Emperor Horikawa.
- 禧子は正和4年(1315年)に第二皇女、懽子内親王(のちの光厳上皇妃、宣政門院)を出産しているが、その後は自身の上臈であった阿野廉子に天皇の寵愛を奪われたこともあってか、子女を産むことはなかった。
- Kishi gave birth to her second Princess, Imperial Princess Kanshi (Yoshiko) (later called the Retired Emperor Kogen's empress, Senseimonin) in 1315, after that she had no more children and it was presumed because Emperor favored her joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court), Renshi (Yasuko/Kadoko) ANO, instead of her.
- これは『源氏物語玉の小櫛』(1799年(寛政11年))第3巻に受け継がれ、本居宣長の弟子である北村久備が著した「すみれ草」(1812年(文化9年))の下巻おいてさらに整った形で受け継がれていった。
- The third volume of the 'Genji Monogatari Tama no Ogushi' (Jeweled Comb of The tale of Genji, written in 1799) followed it, and the second volume of the 'Sumire so' (1812) written by Kyubi KITAMURA, who studied under Norinaga MOTOORI, followed it in a sophisticated way.
- 藤原実方(? - 998年)、藤原斉信(967年 - 1035年)、藤原行成(972年 - 1027年)、源宣方(? - 998年)、源経房(969年 - 1023年)との親交が諸資料から窺える。
- Some materials indicate her friendships with FUJIWARA no Sanekata (? - 998), FUJIWARA no Tadanobu (967 - 1035), FUJIWARA no Yukinari/Koze (972 - 1027), MINAMOTO no Nobukata (? - 998) and MINAMOTO no Tsunefusa (969 - 1023).
- 足利尊氏が後醍醐天皇の建武の新政を打倒し、持明院統の光明天皇より征夷大将軍の宣下を受け正式に幕府を開く一方、後醍醐天皇は京都を脱出して吉野に吉野朝廷を開き、北朝と南朝が両立する南北朝時代がはじまる。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA crushed Emperor Godaigo's Kenmu Restoration, and after being appointed Shogun by Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin lineage, he formally established his bakufu; Emperor Godaigo, on the other hand, escaped from Kyoto and established a new imperial court at Yoshino, ushering in the Northern and Southern Courts period--the period during which both the Northern and Southern Courts existed simultaneously.
- しかし、駿河忠長が改易(後の自害)、館林綱吉が5代将軍となり、甲府綱豊が6代将軍(家宣と改名)として徳川宗家に戻り、これらの徳川家が消滅したため、尾張・紀州・水戸の三家を御三家と呼ぶことが定着した。
- But when Tadanaga SURUGA was dismissed from the position and later killed himself, Tsunayoshi TATEBAYASHI became the fifth shogun, and Tsunatoyo KOFU, who was later renamed to Ienobu, became the sixth shogun and returned to the Tokugawa head family, these Tokugawa families died out and the Owari, Kishu and Mito families came to be commonly called Gosanke.
- 歴代の当主・継嗣は、そのときどきの天皇または上皇の猶子となることによって擬制的な親子関係を構築し、そのことを根拠にして親王宣下により親王の地位と称号を与えられて、皇位継承権を保障されてきたのである。
- The successive head of the family or the successors to the family created fictitious relationships to emperors and retired emperors of each era, by being adopted as their children, then they were able to receive title of Imperial Prince by the Imperial Order which secured their position to succeed to the Imperial throne.
- 親王ながら、皇位を望めない場合や、諸王にあって親王宣下を望めない皇族が自ら降下を求める場合と、朝廷から一方的に降下させる場合とがあり皇別氏族を取り巻く状況は朝廷の財政事情と常に連動する要素が強かった。
- There were cases in which even princes did not want to become emperor, in which the imperial families who had no chance to be a prince or princess asked him themselves to allow them to become his subject or in which the Imperial court asked them unilaterally to be his subject, thus the environment surrounding the clans separated from the Imperial household were always linked with the financial situation of the Imperial court.
- 詔書はまず中務省の内記が草案を作成し、天皇が一旦それに日付を加える(御画日)次に中務省の責任者3名(卿・大輔・少輔)が内記の記した官位姓の下に自署を行い、それぞれの下に「宣」「奉」「行」の一字を記す。
- A naiki of nakatsukasa sho (department) created a draft of the imperial rescript first, the emperor put in the date (Gokakujitsu), 3 supervisors (kami(kyo), taifu, sho) of nakatsukasa sho (department) signed under their kanisei (surname of the official rank) that the naiki wrote down, and put 'sen,' 'bu,' 'gyo' under each of their signatures.
- 西太后が「宣戦布告」の上諭を出して列強への態度を明確化した頃、両江総督劉坤一や湖広総督張之洞、両広総督李鴻章ら地方の有力官僚らは、この上諭を偽詔とした上で従わない旨宣言し、そして義和団の鎮圧に動いた。
- When Empress Dowager Cixi made a 'proclamation of war' to make her stance toward the allied western powers clear, some influential bureaucracy in the local provinces such as Liu Kunyi, who was the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Zhang Zhidong, who was the Viceroy of Huguang, and Li Hongzhang, who was the Viceroy of Liangguang, stated that the above order was a forgery and refused to participate in suppressing the Boxers.
- なお兼家への恨み言を綴ったもの、ないし復讐のための書とする学者もあるが、今西祐一郎は、作中に兼家の和歌が多数収められていることなどから、兼家の協力を得た、宣伝のための書ではないかという説を唱えている。
- Some scholars state that the diary was written in order to blame Kaneie or take revenge on him, but Yuichiro IMANISHI offered the opinion that it was a kind of propaganda that Kaneie helped to make because the diary contained many of his poems.
- 高倉上皇の皇子から新帝を擁立する際には、義仲は以仁王の子の北陸宮を推挙するが、後白河は寵姫の高階栄子の影響でこれを退けて尊成親王(後鳥羽天皇)に決定し神器が無いために緊急措置として院宣により即位させた。
- When the new Emperor was to be appointed from Retired Emperor Takakura's Prince, Yoshinaka recommended Hokuriku no Miya; Prince Yukiie who was the son of Prince Mochihito, Goshirakawa refused this recommendation due to his favorite lady, Eishi TAKASHINA's influence, and appointed Prince Takahira (the Emperor Gotoba), and he was enthroned by a command issued from a retired emperor since he did not have three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- そのため、旧勢力は東国武士たちの本音を読みとることができずに目先にある平氏打倒という目的のため、寿永二年十月宣旨の発給や源義仲の征夷大将軍への任命などといった、武士への大幅な権限委譲への道を開いてしまう。
- Therefore the old regime could not understand the Eastern bushi's real agenda and lacked foresight when it issued the Imperial Order of October 1183 and named MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka as Seii taishogun with the aim of destroying the Taira clan because it opened up the road to greater rights for the warrior class.
- 白河法皇は義家の武力を身辺警固に大いに活用する一方で、前陸奥国受領のまま昇進はさせず、あまつさえ寛治5年(1091年)には諸国の百姓に義家への田畑の寄進の禁止を命じる宣旨を出し、その力を抑え込もうとした。
- While the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa was utilizing Yoshiie's military power to guard himself, he did not allow the promotion of Yoshiie from zuryo (provincial governor) of Mutsu Province, and moreover he tried to suppress the power of Yoshiie by issuing the senji (imperial decree) prohibiting peasants in various districts from donating the fields to Yoshiie in 1091.
- 天福 (日本)2年(1235年)には宣旨を受けていない安倍家氏が客星出現を知らせた功績で天文博士に補されるという本来の天文博士が天文密奏を行うのとは逆の事例も生じている(『明月記』文暦2年3月26日条)。
- There was an incident quite contrary to the usual cases in which tenmon hakase conducted tenmon misso (Article on April 22, 1235 of 'Meigetsuki (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) ') : in 1235, one member of the Abe clan who had not received an imperial decree was appointed as tenmon hakase for his distinguished service in reporting temporarily appearing stars.
- しかし『上宮聖徳法王帝説』や『元興寺縁起』は、欽明天皇の戊午年10月12日 (旧暦)(同年が欽明天皇治世下にないため(宣化3年)と推定されている)に仏教公伝されることを伝えており、こちらが通説になっている。
- However, according to 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Shotoku Taishi) and 'The Origin of Gango-ji Temple,' official introduction of Buddhism was on October 12 in the Bogo year (in the old lunar calendar, and it is guessed to be in 537 because it was not under the reign of the Emperor Kinmei), which is commonly believed.
- その後、国学者の本居宣長は「日本の皇室が中国に朝貢するなどありえない」という立場から、「馭戎概言」において大和国とは別の筑紫(九州)にあった小国であり、卑弥呼は神功皇后の名を騙った熊襲の女酋長であると説いた。
- After that, a scholar of Japanese classical literature, Norinaga MOTOORI, taking the viewpoint that 'it is unlikely that the Japanese Imperial family took tributes to China,' in 'Gyoju Gaigen,' he claimed that Yamatai was a small state in Chikushi (Kyushu), distinct from Yamato Province, and that Himiko was a female chief of Kumaso (a tribe living in the ancient Kyushu district) who assumed the false name of Empress Jingu.
- 1-35番までの70句は四季の年中行事を、36-43番左までの17句は内裏殿舎にちなんだ「恋」の句、43番右-50番までの13句は宣命・行幸・牛車など宮中に関する事物を扱った「雑」の句という構成になっている。
- Seventy waka poems from Number one to Number thirty-five were those of seasonal events, seventeen waka poems from Number thirty-six to the left of Number forty-three were those of 'love' that related to the palace building, and thirteen waka poems from the right of Number fourty-three to Number fifty were those of 'zatsu,' which used various things related to the Imperial Court such as senmyo (Imperial edict), gyoko (Imperial visit) and gissha (ox-drawn carriage) as subject matter.
- 昭和天皇の侍従長を務めた入江相政の著作「入江相政日記」には、「東宮様のご縁談について平民からとは怪しからん」と香淳皇后が秩父宮妃勢津子、宣仁親王妃喜久子の両親王妃とともに昭和天皇に訴えたという内容の記述がある。
- In 'a diary of Sukemasa IRIE' written by Sukemasa IRIE who served as the Grand Chamberlain of the Emperor Showa, there is a description that the Empress Kojun complained to the Emperor Showa with both Princess Chichibu Setsuko and Princess Kikuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Nobuhito, saying 'It is unforgivable to have a common woman as a wife for the Crown Prince.'
- 何故なら、布教活動や宣教師のみならず、同じ中国人であるはずの信者も不平等条約によって強固に守られ、時には軍事力による威嚇を用いることさえあったため、おおむね事件は教会側に有利に妥結することが多かったからである。
- Despite being the same Chinese, believers were strongly protected due to the unequal treaty, and sometimes used military threats, so incidents usually ended to the church's favor.
- それまで布教活動は条約港に限り認められていたが、アロー号戦争(第二次アヘン戦争)後結ばれた天津条約では、清朝内陸への布教を認める条項(内地布教権)が挿入されており、以後多くの外国人宣教師が内地へと入っていった。
- Missionary work was limited to the ports of treaty until that period, but the Treaty of Tianjin signed after the Arrow War (Second Opium War) allowed travel inland of the Qing dynasty (permit to propagate inland) and many foreign missionaries entered the country and went inland.
- これらの状況から、養老律令施行の背景には、両者共通の祖父である不比等の成果を活用することで、不比等の政治を継承することを宣言するとともに、孝謙・仲麻呂政権の安定を図ろうとする政治的意図があったと考えられている。
- Judging from these contexts, it is believed that the establishment of Yoro Ritsuryo Code was produced by the political intentions of Empress Koken and Nakamaro to utilize the code which was the achievement of their common grandfather, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, aiming not only to announce their succession of the policy of Fuhito but also to seek for the stabilization of their political power.
- 家継の父・家宣は自らの死に際して「鍋松が嗣子なく薨じた場合は、尾張徳川家の徳川五郎太(尾張当主徳川吉通嫡子)か、紀州の長福丸(家重)を嗣子とせよ」と側近の間部詮房・新井白石らに遺言したと言われる(異説もある)。
- When the father of Ietsugu, Ienobu, died, he told his close advisers, such as Akifusa MANABE and Hakuseki ARAI, that 'if Nabematsu died without an heir, Gorota TOKUGAWA of the Owari Tokugawa family (legitimate son of Owari family head, Yoshimichi TOKUGAWA) or Chofuku-maru (Ieshige) of Kishu should be an heir' (there is another theory).
- 第26代継体天皇にはすでに后がいて、男子も少なくとも2人(後に第27代安閑天皇・第28代宣化天皇の2天皇となる)いたが、畿内に入ってから武烈の姉妹である手白香皇女と婚姻して即位し、後の第29代欽明天皇をもうけた。
- At that time, the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai had an Empress and they had at least two sons who were in line to become the twenty-seventh Emperor Ankan, and the twenty-eighth Emperor Senka, and after the move, he married Princess Tashiraka who was the sister of Emperor Buretsu and ascended the throne, he subsequently had a son who was going to be the twenty-ninth Emperor Kinmei.
- キリスト教の(半ば黙認という形での)禁制解除、社寺に於ける女人結界の解除など近代宗教政策を実施する一方で、神祇官が為し得なかった国民教化を実現する為に教導職制度を設け、大教院による国民教化・大教宣布運動を行った。
- While implementing modernistic religious policies including the cancellation of a ban on Christianity (in reality a tacit permission) and the prohibition against woman entering a sacred area at temples and shrines, Kyobusho also established a system called the kyodoshoku (evangelist) system, and propagated national edification and the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto under Daikyoin (Great Teaching Institute) in order to realize the edification and enlightenment of citizens after the failure of the Jingikan department.
- もっとも、『枕草子』には紫式部の亡夫・藤原宣孝が派手な衣装で御嵩詣を行った逸話や従兄弟・藤原信経を清少納言がやり込めた話が記されており、こうした記述は紫式部の才能を脅威に感じて記したものであるという説も存在する。
- However, some suppositions exist that, feeling threatened by her, she wrote the following anecdote in 'The Pillow Book': FUJIWARA no Nobutaka, Murasaki Shikibu's late husband, went to Mitake dressing gaudily; or Sei Shonagon talked down about her cousin, FUJIWARA no Nobutsune.
- 元禄3年(1690年)に遠近道印が菱川師宣とともに製作した『東海道分間絵図』は、代表的な道中図の1つであり、1/12000の実測図上に河川や橋梁・宿場町・一里塚・名所旧跡などが師宣の絵によって詳細に描かれている。
- 'The Tokaido Bunkan Ezu,' which Doin OCHIKOCHI produced with Moronobu HISHIKAWA in 1690, is one of representative route maps, and measured drawings, rivers, bridges, post station towns, milestones, scenic spots and places of historical interest and so forth are pictured in details by Moronobu on measured drawings on a scale of 1 to 12000.
- 後醍醐天皇は11月には比叡山を降りて足利方と和睦し、光明天皇に三種の神器を渡すが、12月に京都を脱出し、吉野へ逃れて吉野朝廷(南朝)を成立させ、先に光明天皇に渡した神器は偽器であり自分が正統な天皇であると宣言する。
- In the eleventh month, Emperor Godaigo descended from Mt. Hiei and made peace with the Ashikaga faction, handing over the three Imperial Regalia to Emperor Komyo, but in the twelfth month he escaped from Kyoto and fled to Yoshino, whereupon he established the Yoshino Court (the Southern Dynasty), claiming that the Regalia he had passed to Komyo were fakes and insisting that he himself was the only legitimate Emperor.
- 善統親王は順徳天皇が佐渡島に流刑になった後の天福 元年(1233年)に生まれた皇子で、時期ははっきりしないが上洛して祖母・修明門院のもとで成長し、親王宣下を受け、建長3年(1233年)に祖母から七条院領を相続した。
- Imperial Prince Yoshimune was born in 1233 after Emperor Juntoku was driven into exile to Sadogashima island, and though the time is uncertain, he went to Kyoto and was raised in his grandmother Shumeimonin's place and given the title of Imperial Prince there, and inherited Shichijoin estate from his grandmother in 1251.
- 今出川兼季や西園寺実俊(ただし、貞治3年以後)といった現職・前職大臣に勅裁を伝える場合には当時の公家社会の慣例に従って院宣や綸旨はその家の家司宛に出されたのに対して、武家執奏が大納言以下の場合には本人宛に出された。
- In cases where the chokusai was conveyed to the current or former ministers such as Kanesue IMADEGAWA and Sanetoshi SAIONJI (1224 or later), the messages of inzen and rinji were conveyed to the keishi (household superintendent) of the household in accordance with the court nobles' customary practice at that time, while in cases where the bukeshisso's rank was Dainagon (Chief Counselor of State) or lower, the messages were sent directly to the designated person.
- また、弘長元年(1261年)、同3年(1263年)に出された公家新制においては「神仏尊重」が謳われ、続く亀山天皇親政下、文永10年(1273年)には弘長新制を受け継ぐ形で具体策を掲げた神事仏事の興行が宣言されている。
- Kuge Shinsei (new laws issued by the Imperial Court) in 1261 and 1263 encouraged 'respect for gods and Buddha' and, under the direct rule by Emperor Kameyama that followed, performance of Shinto and Buddhist rituals was declared in 1273 with mention of specific measures in the form of succeeding Kocho Sinsei (of 1261 and 1263).
- 俊基らは赦免されたが資朝は鎌倉へ連行され佐渡島へ流刑となり、側近の万里小路宣房らが鎌倉へ赴いて釈明を行い、後醍醐天皇は幕府に釈明して赦されるが、7年後の1331年(元弘元年)に2度目の討幕計画である元弘の乱を起こす。
- Toshimoto and some others were forgiven, but Suketomo was taken to Kamakura and then exiled to Sado Island, an aide, Nobufusa MADENOKOJI went to Kamakura to offer clarification and Emperor Godaigo was forgiven by the bakufu after an apology, but seven years later, in 1331, he led his second plan to overthrow the bakufu, the Genko no Ran (Genko Rebellion).
- さらに言えば、これ以前からあった仇教事件のような列強の司法への介入、山東巡撫の更迭要求等のいくつもの列強の圧力、すなわち「累朝の積憤」(積もり積もった怒り。剛毅の言)が次第に清朝を「宣戦布告」へと追いやったと言える。
- Furthermore, what drove the Qing dynasty to the 'proclamation of war' was the ongoing interference in the administration of justice such as the previous Kyukyo Incident, and oppression by powerful western nations demanding Shandong Province's junbu (government official title that existed from Ming to Qing dynasty) be handed over (this was described by Gangyi as the 'build up of anger over generations of reign').
- 神護景雲3年(769年)5月、道鏡の弟で大宰帥の弓削浄人と大宰主神の習宣阿曾麻呂(すげのあそまろ)は「道鏡を皇位に付ければ天下は太平になる」という内容の宇佐八幡宮の神託を奏上し、自ら皇位に就くことを望む(続紀没伝)。
- In June of 769, YUGE no Kiyohito, who was a younger brother of Dokyo and was Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices) and SUGE no Asomaro, who was Dazai no Kanzukasa (Head Shinto Priest of Kyushu, stationed in Dazaifu), reported an oracle from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to the Empress Shotoku, stating that 'if Dokyo ascends to the Imperial Throne, the world will be in peace'; Dokyo himself wanted to ascend the Imperial Throne (Shoku Nihongi [Chronicle of Japan Continued] Botsuden).
- 明治元年制定の皇族の範囲を定めた皇族賜姓の成規によれば本来、華頂宮は皇族としては博経親王一代限りで臣籍降下するはずであったが、明治天皇の特旨をもって皇族の身分に留まる事となり、更に明治天皇の猶子として親王宣下を受けた。
- According to the seiki (written rules) of Kozoku (Imperial family) shinsei (bestowing a surname) determining the range of Imperial families which was established in 1867, he was supposed to be demoted from nobility to subject so that the Imperial title would be limited only to one generation of Imperial Prince Hirotsune, but with Emperor Meiji's special consideration, he remained Imperial family, and furthermore was given the title of Imperial Prince as an adopted child of Emperor Meiji.
- だが、貞享4年(1687年)中院通茂が先年の暴言の事実と皇太子への悪意の疑いで追放され(ただし、後年許されて霊元上皇と東山天皇の推挙で幕府から加増を受けている)、直後に朝仁親王(東山天皇)への譲位と院政開始を宣言する。
- However, in 1687, Michishige NAKANOIN was expelled for his abusive remark earlier in the year and was suspected of ill intentions toward the Crown Prince (although he was remitted afterwards and his salaries from the Bakufu were increased at the recommendation of the Retired Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama), and immediately after that the incumbent emperor declared the abdication of his throne in favor or Imperial Prince Asahito (now Emperor Higashiyama) and the start of his assumption of the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor.
- 帝国主義に関する点で、義和団はキリスト教集団(宣教師や中国人クリスチャン)との対立の中で彼等の持つ様々な特権(行政上あるいは司法上)に直面して、それらが帝国主義に由来することに自覚的となり反対運動を行ったと前者は論じる。
- The former argued that while the Boxers were resisting Christian groups (missionaries and Chinese Christians) they saw their various privileges (administration or justice) firsthand, became aware that they were derived from the empire doctrine, and started the opposition movement.
- 綱吉時代の政策は否定され、生類憐れみの令は撤回、勘定吟味役の創設、正徳金銀発行(デフレーション政策)による綱吉時代の財政矛盾の解決などを行ったが、将軍家宣・7代徳川家継があいついで早世したため、改革は中途半端に終わった。
- Tsunayoshi's policies were denied in the reforms, so, for example, Shorui-Awaremi-no-rei (ordinances of animal protection) was revoked, 'kanjo ginmiyaku' (a post to support kanjo bugyo) was newly established, and the financial contradiction in the Tsunayoshi age was tried to resolve by issuing Shotoku gold and silver coins as a deflationary policy, but the reforms ended halfway on the road after Ienobu and his successor Ietsugu TOKUGAWA (the seventh Shogun) died young.
- ただし、「枕詞」という用語自体は平安時代には諺とほぼおなじ意味で使用されており(顕昭『古今集序注』)、現在の意味で使用されるのは一条兼良『古今憧蒙抄』、清原宣賢『日本書紀抄』など、中世以降の資料に見えるものが早いとされる。
- However, it is said that the term 'makurakotoba' itself was used to express nearly the same meaning as a proverb in the Heian period ('Kokinshujuchu' by Kensho), and that the oldest usages in the same meaning as the present day are found in the materials after the medieval period, such as '古今憧蒙抄' by Kanera ICHIJO, '日本書紀抄' by Nobukata KIYOHARA, and so on.
- アジア諸国との外交関係樹立のため、日本を訪れたオーストリアのアントン・ペッツ(Anton von Petz)と日本の外務卿澤宣嘉の間で締結され、1872年1月12日(明治4年12月3日 (旧暦))に批准書の交換が行われた。
- It was concluded by and between Japan's Foreign Minister, Nobuyoshi SAWA, and Austria's Anton von Petz who visited Japan while on a mission to establish diplomatic relations between various districts of Asia and they exchanged instruments of ratification on January 12, 1872.
- これに対し、本居宣長は『源氏物語玉の小櫛』 において、『源氏物語』を「外来の理論」である儒教や仏教に頼って解釈するべきではなく『源氏物語』そのものから導き出されるべきであるとし、その成果として「もののあはれ」論を主張した。
- In relation to this, Norinaga MOTOORI claimed in 'The Tale of Genji Tama no Ogushi (A Small Jeweled Comb)' that 'The Tale of Genji' shouldn't be interpreted depending on the 'foreign theories' of Confucianism and Buddhism, but that the work should be considered in and of itself, achieving the theory of 'Mono no Aware.'
- そして権官大納言兼右近衛大将に叙任され、公卿に列し荘園領主の家政機関たる政所開設の権を得たことで、いわば統治機構としての合法性を帯びるようになり、さらに1183年の寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、征夷大将軍の宣下がなされた。
- Yoritomo was subsequently was appointed to kenkan (powerful post, official) Chief of the Councilor of State, Ukone no daisho (the chief of Ukonoefu, the guarding section) and obtained the right to open a Mandokoro (Administrative Board), domestic governing institution of lords of the manor, with Kugyo (the top court officials), and thus came to have the legitimacy of governing system and furthermore Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in October, 1183), the Bunji imperial sanction in 1185, and seii taishogun were declared.
- これにより、男系の後継者がいない有栖川宮家は皇室典範の定めによって断絶が確定したが、威仁親王の教育を受け、身分を越えて親王を慕っていた大正天皇は有栖川宮家の維新以降の功績を特に慮り、第三皇子の宣仁親王にその祭祀を継承させた。
- After his death, following the Imperial Family Law, it was decided for the Arisugawa no Miya family to be discontinued as there was no male successor in the family, Emperor Taisho who was taught by Imperial Prince Takehito and was fond of him although there was a difference in social standing, the Emperor considered the achievements of the Arisugawa no Miya family especially after the restoration, he let the third Prince, Imperial Prince Nobuhito succeed to the ritual of the family.
- 欽明天皇もまた宣化天皇と橘仲皇女(仁賢天皇皇女)との間の娘である石姫皇女を皇后とし、敏達天皇を儲けたほか、用明天皇・崇峻天皇・推古天皇の父でもあり、厩戸皇子(聖徳太子)や押坂彦人大兄皇子(舒明天皇・茅渟王の父)の祖父でもある。
- Emperor Kinmei also selected Ishihime no Himemiko as his Empress, the daughter of Emperor Senka and Tachibana no Nakatsu Himemiko (the princess of Emperor Ninken), and he is also the father of Emperor Bidatsu, Emperor Yomei, Emperor Sushun, Emperor Suiko, and the grandfather of the Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) and Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko (the father of the Emperor Jomei and Chinu no Okimi (Load)).
- 一方、新政府側でも19日大久保と寺島宗則が、新政権の諸外国への承認獲得と外交の継続宣言をすべく、アーネスト・サトウ(英国公使館付通訳)やシャルル・ド・モンブラン(フランス貴族)と協議し、新政権から諸外国への通達詔書を作成する。
- The new administration, in the meantime, issued an imperial edict to foreign countries which was written by Okubo and Munenori TERASHIMA upon consultation with Ernest Mason Satow (interpreter of the British legation) and Charles de Montblanc (French nobleman) in order to win recognition for the new administration from foreign countries and to declare the continuation of diplomacy.
- 江戸時代には、尊皇思想の勃興とともに、天皇陵探索の気運が高まり、松下見林、本居宣長、蒲生君平、北浦定政、谷森善臣、平塚瓢斎などが、陵墓の所在地を考証したり、現地に赴いたりしており、江戸幕府による修陵もこうした動きと無関係ではない。
- As the philosophy advocating the reverence for the emperor was adopted by an increasing number of people, attempts were made to search for lost imperial mausoleums, with scholars such as Kenrin MATSUSHITA, Norinaga MOTOORI, Kunpei GAMO, Sadamasa KITAURA, Yoshiomi TANIMORI, and Hyosai HIRATSUKA studying historical evidence and visiting past mausoleum sites; mausoleum repairs performed by the Tokugawa government are not unrelated to these attempts.
- 称光天皇は病弱でたびたび重態に陥り、皇子の誕生もなく、また後小松の次男小川宮も早世したため後継者問題が生じ、後小松上皇は4代将軍足利義持と協議、後継者として崇光流の伏見宮貞成親王が有力視され、一時は後小松の猶子として親王宣下された。
- Because Emperor Shoko was weak and often in serious condition, he did not have any children to succeed as prince; moreover, Gokomatsu's second son Ogawanomiya died young, so there was the issue of who would succeed to the throne; however, after Retired Emperor Gokomatsu had a meeting with the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa of Suko Ryu (a descendant of Emperor Suko) was appointed as a successor once he received the title of a Imperial Prince by the imperial order and became Gokomatsu's adopted child.
- 明治天皇の外祖父である議定中山忠能から開会が宣言された後、公家側から「徳川慶喜は政権を返上したというが、果たして忠誠の心から出たものかどうかは怪しい。忠誠を実績を持って示す(辞官納地を指す)よう譴責すべきである」との議題が出される。
- After the meeting was called to order by Tadayasu NAKAYAMA, Emperor Meiji's maternal grandfather, court nobles raised an agenda saying 'Although Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned the administration to the Imperial court, we doubt his genuine royalty. We should reprimand him to show his royalty by actual performance (which indicates Jikan nochi [an order for surrendering the Shogunate post and domains to the Imperial court]).'
- 例えば全国に支配権を敷いていた武家政権の君主である征夷大将軍への就任も形式上は天皇の宣下によって行われることになっており、その権力者は天皇の権威を利用し、その政敵を朝敵(天皇の敵)などに指定させ、その統治権を正当化することが多かった。
- For example, the assumption of Seii Taishogun, who was the sovereign of samurai government which had supremacy throughout the country, was claimed to be granted by the Emperor in a form of Imperial proclamation, and most of the time, the man at power used the Emperor's authority to make a political opponent as choteki (enemy of the Emperor) to justify his right to rule.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には天皇や摂関などが身分が低い者に対して命令を下すための奉書を発給する際にこれを承った弁官などが自己の青侍に命じて奉書を発給させた青侍奉書が存在したことが知られている(『親長卿記』・『宣胤卿記』・『実隆公記』など)。
- It was known that, in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), when the Emperor or Sekkan (regents and advisers) was to issue hosho paper (edict paper) to make a command regarding low ranked people, the benkan (Council of State) who received the order commanded his own Aozamurai to issue the hosho paper, which was called Aozamurai hosho (according to the diaries 'Chikanaga Kyo ki' [The Diary of Chikanaga KANROJI], 'Nobutane Kyo ki [The Diary of Nobutane NAKANOMIKADO] and 'Sanetaka ko ki' [The Diary of Sanetaka SANJONISHI]).
- 一方家康は武田・北条などの強敵に阻まれてそれ程の勢力拡大こそは果たせなかったものの、苦境においても愚直にも西の信長への信義・忠誠を貫いた姿勢が内外における名声を高めて後年の天下取り(具体的には征夷大将軍の宣下)に役立ったと言われている。
- Meanwhile, prevented by strong enemies such as the Takeda clan and the Hojo clan, Ieyasu could not expand his power as much as he wanted, however, even in the difficult situation, his consistent and stubbornly honest attitude of being faithful and loyal to Nobunaga in the West raised his reputation tremendously within and beyond his territory, which is said to have helped him taking position in reigning the Japanese government (in the concrete terms to have Imperial Proclamation of seii taishogun [literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians']).
- 宇佐八幡宮神託事件(うさはちまんぐうしんたくじけん)とは奈良時代の神護景雲3年(769年)、宇佐八幡宮(大分県宇佐市)より称徳天皇(孝謙天皇)に対して「道鏡が皇位に就くべし」との託宣を受けて、道鏡が天皇位を得ようとしたとされる事件である。
- A plot of Usa Hachiman-gu Oracle is an incident in which Dokyo is assumed to try to ascend the throne based on an oracle that says 'Dokyo should ascend the throne'; this oracle was given to Empress Shotoku (Empress Koken) from Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine (present-day Usa City, Oita Prefecture) in 769.
- 敏達天皇(びだつてんのう、宣化天皇3年(538年)? - 敏達天皇14年8月15日 (旧暦)(585年9月14日)は、第30代天皇(在位:敏達天皇元年4月3日 (旧暦)(572年4月30日) - 同14年8月15日(585年9月14日))。
- Emperor Bidatsu (538?-September 14, 585) was the 30th Emperor (whose reign lasted from April 30, 572 to September 14, 585).
- このことが正確に知られるのは、それから140年後に義家から3代目の、源義朝(源頼朝の父)に攻めこまれるという「大庭御厨の濫妨」事件があり、そのときの伊勢大神宮司の訴状に対する官宣旨案(天養記)が公家の日記の背文書として発見されたからである。
- This was clearly known because a suggestion of kansenji (a government edict) against the complaint of Guji (chief of those who serves a shrine, controls festivals and general affairs) of Ise no Okami (Great God of Ise, aka Amaterasu Omikami) (in Tenyo-ki (documents on the disturbance in the Oba no mikuriya estate)) was discovered as a haimonjo (an old document which was written on the other side of a piece of used paper) of a kuge's dairy (court noble) at the time of 'The disturbance in Oba no mikuriya estate' in which it was attacked by MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo (father of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo) who was the third generation of Yoshiie 140 years after that.
- 定まった形式を持たず、口頭で宣べ伝えられたものだろうとするのが通説だが、律令と並べて遜色ない堂々たる形式を備えた法だとする説、天皇から次の天皇へ秘密に伝えられたとする説、解釈によってどうとでもとれるような漠然とした規定だったのではないかとする説もある。
- According to the popular theories, it had no established form and it seems to have been transferred verbally, however, there are such theories that advocate: i) it was equipped with a refined form comparable to Ritsuryo, ii) it was handed down from one emperor to another in a confidential manor, and iii) it might have been a vague norm that permitted a wide range of interpretation.
- 1866年ジェネラル・シャーマン号事件(対アメリカ合衆国)、丙寅洋擾(対フランス)、1868年日本(明治政府)からの国書(明治政府の樹立宣言、王政復古の通告)の受け取りを拒否する、1871年辛未洋擾(対アメリカ)、など、海禁政策をとった(鎖国攘夷策)。
- An isolationist policy was implemented resulting in the General Sherman incident (against the US) as well as the Heiinyojo war (against France) in 1866, the refusal of the declaration of the foundation of the Meiji government from Japan in 1868 and Shinmiyojo incident (against the US) in 1871.
- この時代、強盗・窃盗・私鋳銭の3つの罪については検非違使が裁判を行うことになっていたが、長徳2年(996年)11月に検非違使の最高責任者であった検非違使庁別当である公任の別当宣によって、初めて着鈦勘文(判決文)に徒罪(懲役)年数が書かれることになった。
- In those days, the Imperial Police (kebiishi) conducted trials for the following three crimes: robbery, theft and private minting, and in November 996, in a police edict by Kinto, who was then the head of the Imperial Police, it was ordered for the first time that the length of penal servitude (zukei) should be clearly written in judgment documents (chakuda kammon).
- 欽明天皇(きんめいてんのう、継体天皇3年(509年) - 欽明天皇32年4月15日 (旧暦)(571年5月24日))は、第29代の天皇(在位:宣化天皇4年12月5日 (旧暦)(539年12月30日) - 欽明天皇32年(571年)4月15日 (旧暦))。
- Emperor Kinmei (509 - May 24, 571) was the 29th emperor of Japan (the reign: December 30, 539 - April 15, 571 [old calendar]).
- この大宝度の遣使の目的は、白村江の戦い以来冷却していた唐との交流を回復するとともに、天武天皇以来の改革で日本に本格的首都および律令体制が完成したこと、天皇号および「日本」の国号が成立したことを唐に対して宣言することなどを目的とする、非常に重要な使節であった。
- The purposes of this extremely important envoy of Taiho era were to restore the diplomatic relations with Tang which had been precarious since the Battle of Hakusukinoe, to proclaim to Tang the establishment of the full-scale capital and Ritsuryo system in Japan as a result of the reform since the time of Emperor Tenmu, as well as the foundation of the title of the emperor and the name of the country as 'Nihon' (Japan).
- 天皇や太上天皇・太上法皇(いわゆる治天の君)の意思あるいは公卿の会議「陣定」の結果を統裁・決定した事項は、蔵人から支持の伝達を受けた上卿(陣定の首席大臣)が陣定において発する口頭形式による命令(宣)を通じて、弁官・外記の手によって文書化されて相手に通達される。
- The emperor or the emperor Daijo/Cloistered emperor Daijo (the so called Chiten no kimi)'s intentions, or the results matters of the Court noble's meeting 'Jin no sadame' that had been governed and decided were issued in Jin no sadame by Shokei (the leading minister) receiving the notification of the instructions from Kurodo (imperial archives keeper) issued the command in the oral format, and were documented by benkan (Oversight Department:division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) and gaiki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) and notified to the targeted people.
- しかし元弘元年(1331年)、元弘の変によって後醍醐天皇が捕らえられ、翌元弘2年(正慶元年、1332年)3月に天皇が隠岐諸島に流罪となると、禧子はそれに伴って同年5月、新たに立てられた北朝の光厳天皇より女院号を宣下されて礼成門院と称し、追って同年8月には出家する。
- However in 1331, after the Genko Incident, Emperor Godaigo was caught and was sentenced to deportation to the Oki Islands in March 1332, Kishi was given Nyoin go title by Emperor Kogon of the newly established Northern Court government in May, she was named Reizeimonin, and entered into the priesthood in August in the same year.
- 地方貨幣の発行は文久年間から幕末に集中しており、海防充実などの幕府事業の各藩への転化、一揆などの騒動対策による藩財政の逼迫、地方における銭貨の払底、藩札の信用低下による金属貨幣の発行、幕府の権力低下による各藩独立体制の進化、および朝廷による鋳銭宣下などが挙げられる。
- Most local currencies were issued between the Bunkyu era and the end of the Edo period, and its reasons were that the bakufu shifted governmental duties such as the naval defense to various domains, various domains faced with financial difficulties due to expenses for measures for riots, there was shortage of coins in provinces, metal currencies were issued due to the weakening of trustworthiness of Hansatsu (paper currency issued in various domains), various domains established an independent political system because the bakufu became less influential, and Imperial proclamation of minting of coin was issued.
- 賀茂真淵・田安宗武などの万葉集を模範とするグループ、荷田在満・本居宣長などの新古今和歌集を模範とするグループ、小沢蘆庵・香川景樹などの古今和歌集を模範とするグループの三代潮流がうまれ、万葉集・古今和歌集・新古今和歌集の研究が盛んに行われ、これが明治時代初期まで続いた。
- Three main schools of thought arose--the group made up of KAMO no Mabuchi, Munetake TAYASU, and others, which took the Manyoshu as its model; the group that included KADA no Arimaro and Norinaga MOTOORI, which took the Shin kokin wakashu as its model; and the group whose adherents included Roan OZAWA and Kageki KAGAWA, which took the Kokin wakashu as its model--these groups vigorously studied the Manyoshu, the Kokin wakashu and the Shin kokin wakashu, a state of affairs that continued until the early Meiji period.
- 九州王朝説では、この時期既に新羅等の朝鮮半島の諸国は独自の元号を建てており、半島の盟主を自認していた倭だけが独自の元号を建てることがなかったとは有り得ず、また阿毎多利思北孤などは「日出處天子」と名乗っており「天子」と宣言している以上、元号の制定は当然であるとしている。
- In Kyushu dynasty theory, gengo (era name) was certainly established in that various countries of Korean Peninsula such as Silla established the original gengo, and it is hard to think that Wa who recognized themselves as the leader of the peninsula didn't establish their original gengo, and that `AME no Tarishihoko' referred to himself as `Hiizurutokoronotenshi' declaring that he is `tenshi' (emperor).
- 折口信夫の解釈によれば、飯豊皇女は巫女であるか、ないしはそれに近い神秘的な人物であり、執政していたのではなく、清寧天皇崩御後に、巫女として「誰に皇位についてもらうべきか」と神託を仰がれて、その段階ではまだ発見されていなかった億計尊・弘計尊の兄弟の名を託宣したのだという。
- According to Shinobu ORIGUCHI's interpretation, Iitoyo no himemiko was a miko or a mysterious figure near to it, and she did not administer but was asked for shintaku (oracle) 'who should be on the throne,' after the demise of Emperor Seinei, and she delivered an oracle of the name of Oke no mikoto brothers who had not been found at that stage.
- 水戸のイデオロギー対立、政争に隠れているが、天狗党の多くに水戸藩領以外からも参加がありそれも武士階級以外の階層が含まれている点、政治的な宣伝を行軍中に行っている点など、乱の初期から過酷な行軍の間にかけて意識や思想に何かしらの変容があった可能性も明記しておくべきであろう。
- Although these facts are behind the conflict of ideology and political battle in the Mito Domain, the facts that many people, including samurai and others, joined Tenguto from other domains than Mito and that political campaign was conducted during the march should be noted because it was possible that their awareness and thoughts might have changed from the early stage of the rebellion through the march in the terrible conditions.
- 皇祖考古今ニ鑑ミテ維新ノ鴻図ヲ闢キ中外ニ徴シテ立憲ノ遠猷ヲ敷キ文ヲ経トシ武ヲ緯トシ以テ曠世ノ大業ヲ建ツ皇考先朝ノ宏謨ヲ紹継シ中興ノ丕績ヲ恢弘シ以テ皇風ヲ宇内ニ宣フ朕寡薄ヲ以テ忝ク遺緒ヲ嗣キ祖宗ノ擁護ト億兆ノ翼戴トニ頼リ以テ天職ヲ治メ墜スコト無ク愆ツコト無カラムコトヲ庶幾フ
- 皇祖考古今ニ鑑ミテ維新ノ鴻図ヲ闢キ中外ニ徴シテ立憲ノ遠猷ヲ敷キ文ヲ経トシ武ヲ緯トシ以テ曠世ノ大業ヲ建ツ皇考先朝ノ宏謨ヲ紹継シ中興ノ丕績ヲ恢弘シ以テ皇風ヲ宇内ニ宣フ朕寡薄ヲ以テ忝ク遺緒ヲ嗣キ祖宗ノ擁護ト億兆ノ翼戴トニ頼リ以テ天職ヲ治メ墜スコト無ク愆ツコト無カラムコトヲ庶幾フ
- 1863年(文久3年)に起こったクーデターである八月十八日の政変において、薩摩藩・会津藩などの公武合体派に敗れて失脚した尊皇攘夷派の公卿の三条実美(清華家)・三条西季知(大臣家)および四条隆謌・東久世通禧・壬生基修・錦小路頼徳・澤宣嘉ら7人が京都から追放され、長州藩へと逃れた。
- During the political turmoil of August 18, which was a coup occurring in 1863, whereby seven nobles, namely Sanetomi SANJO (Seiga family), Suetomo SANJONISHI (Daijin family), Takauta SHIJO, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, Motoosa MIBU, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI, and Nobuyoshi SAWA, who supported the doctrine of restoring the emperor to power and expelling the barbarians, fell from power when defeated by supporters of the noble-samurai coalition from the Satsuma clan, Aizu clan, etc., and were banished from Kyoto and fled to Choshu Domain.
- 近衛天皇の時に摂政藤原忠通が父藤原忠実の怒りを買って、藤氏長者の座を弟の藤原頼長に奪われた折、忠実から天皇に対して忠通の関白解任を求められたが、院政を行っていた鳥羽天皇の介入で忠通の関白留任と引き換えに頼長にも内覧の宣旨が下った(関白と内覧が並存する事はこれまでありえなかった)。
- While Emperor Konoe was in power, Chancellor FUJIWARA no Tadamichi incurred the anger of his father, FUJIWARA no Tadazane, and Tadamichi's position as leader of the Fujiwara clan was passed to his younger brother, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga; at this time, Tadazane asked the Emperor to strip Tadamichi of his position as Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), but Emperor Toba, who was ruling as a cloistered emperor at the time, helped resolve the situation by issuing an Imperial decree for Yorinaga to become Nairan in exchange for Tadamichi being allowed to retain his position as Kanpaku. (Until this time, it had not been possible for the positions of Kanpaku and Nairan to be filled at the same time.)
- 「思想取締りの秘密警察は現在なお活動を続けており、反皇室的宣伝を行う共産主義者は容赦なく逮捕する。……さらに共産党員であるものは拘禁を続ける……政府形体の変革、とくに天皇制廃止を主張するものは、すべて共産主義者と考え、治安維持法によって逮捕する」 内務大臣山崎巌、1945年10月。
- The secret police to control public opinions are steel active and we will arrest the communists who advocate the anti-imperial family movement mercilessly; also we will keep the communists locked up; anyone who insists on the transformation of the current political system or abolition of the Tennosei are to be considered as communists and will be arrested under the Public Peace Preservation Act.' October 1945, the Minister of Home Affairs Iwao YAMAZAKI
- その後の源義経と後白河法皇による源頼朝追討院宣には慎重な姿勢を示したので、義経亡命後、源頼朝の推挙で議奏公卿十人の一人に押され、文治2年(1186年)10月には右大臣、文治5年(1189年)7月に左大臣となり、世に後徳大寺左大臣と称されて、九条兼実の片腕として朝幕関係の取り次ぎに活躍した。
- Thereafter, he showed prudence and caution in how he responded to the Imperial decree to hunt down and destroy MINAMOTO no Yoritomo requested by MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and issued by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, so that even after Yoshitsune fled the capital, upon Yoritomo's recommendation he was pressed into service as one member of his ten-man council of nobles; in the tenth month of 1186 he was made Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and then in the seventh month of 1189 he ascended to Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), thereafter becoming popularly known as 'Tokudaiji Sadaijin,' and working as Kanezane KUJO's right-hand man to facilitate relations between the court and the shogunate.
- これらはそれぞれの家の初代当主の幼名であり、(たとえば竹千代は江戸幕府初代征夷大将軍徳川家康の、五郎太は尾張藩祖徳川義直の、長福丸は紀州藩祖徳川頼宣の、鶴千代は水戸藩祖徳川頼房の、犬千代は加賀藩祖前田利家の幼名である)これらは子孫のうち後を継ぐべき嫡男の幼名にもなり、代々受け継がれていった。
- Each such name had originally been the childhood name of the founder of the family (so for example, the name Takechiyo had been the first Edo-period Shogun, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's name, while Gorota had been the Owari branch progenitor Yoshinao TOKUGAWA's, Chofukumaru the Kishu branch founder Yorinobu TOKUGAWA's, Tsuruchiyo the Mito branch forefather Yorifusa TOKUGAWA's, and Inuchiyo the Kaga Domain patriarch Toshiie MAEDA's), and each was passed down from family head to the son being groomed as heir, becoming their childhood name in turn; this passing down continued from generation to generation.
- その後も田近陽一郎が『高千穂古文字伝』(1876年)を著すなど一部の研究者はにわかに活気づいたが、教部省主導ということからも伺えるように軍人や政治家の国粋主義宣伝の材料にされてしまい、また原本が学会ではまったく認知されていない神代文字で書かれていたことから、一般の学会ではほとんど無視された。
- After that, Yoichiro TAJIKA wrote 'Takachiho Komoji Den (Takachiho ancient characters history)' in 1876 and some researchers were suddenly fueled, but this was used by military men and statesmen as advertisement of nationalism, as you can see from the introduche, and also because the original book was written in ancient Japanese characters not recognized by the academic society, it was mostly ignored in general academic societies.
- ただ、この機に乗じて宣教師に危害を加えたものは処罰すると言い渡しており、強制的にキリスト教への改宗をさせる事は禁止しているが、個人が自分の意思でキリスト教を信仰する事は規制しておらず、一定の領地を持つ大名がキリスト教信者になるのも認可制(秀吉の許可が必要)とされたが、これも禁止されてはいない。
- However, he threatened to punish those seizing the opportunity to harm missionaries and did not prohibit any one from believing Christianity in accordance with one's own will, but prohibited forcing conversion to Christianity, and also a domain lord with a certain amount of domain should submit to the approval system when converting to Christianity (Hideyoshi's permission is required) so, even this is not prohibited.
- 詔書・勅書が太政官の正式な手続、宣旨が発給されるまで蔵人・上卿・弁官など複数の役人の間で伝言がなされたのに対し、綸旨はそれよりもさらに手続きが簡略され、蔵人が「綸言は以下の通り」(書出部分ならば「蒙綸旨云/被綸言云」・書止部分ならば「綸言如此/天気如此」という文言)と書いて自らの名義で発行した。
- Shosho (an imperial edict, decree) and chokusho (an official document issued by the Emperor) were issued by Dajokan (Grand Council of State) through official procedures after the imperial edict was informed to two or more government officials such as Kurodo, Shokei (court nobles who work at the Imperial Court as high rank post) and benkan (officials of the Dajokan), while rinji was issued by Kurodo through more simplified procedures, in the name of Kurodo as containing the phrase 'The imperial edict is as follows' (the phrase '蒙綸旨云/被綸言云' (the following imperial edict is given) was stated at the front, and the phrase '綸言如此/天気如此' (the imperial edict is as stated above) was stated in the conclusion.).
- 内容は「行家義経に同意して天下を乱さんとする凶臣」である平親宗・高階泰経ら12名の解官、議奏公卿10名による朝政の運営(九条兼実・徳大寺実定・三条実房・藤原宗家・中山忠親・藤原実家・源通親・吉田経房・藤原雅長・藤原兼光)、兼実への内覧宣下だった(『吾妻鏡』12月6日条、『玉葉』12月27日条)。
- The demand consisted of the removal of 12 'evil subjects trying to disturb the world in agreement with Yukiie and Yoshitsune' such as TAIRA no Chikamune and TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, governmental management by the Imperial Court by 10 giso kugyo (Noble Council) (Kanezane KUJO, Sanesada TOKUDAIJI, Sanefusa SANJO, FUJIWARA no Muneie, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, FUJIWARA no Saneie, MINAMOTO no Michichika, Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, FUJIWARA no Masanaga, and FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu), and the Imperial edict of inspection to Kanezane (the item of December six of 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of December 27 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane KUJO]).
- 「拾遺」の名義は前代の勅撰集に漏れた秀歌を拾い集める意で、その名の通り、この集では紀貫之(107首)をはじめとする古今歌人が引き続き多数入集する一方、柿本人麻呂(104首)ら万葉集歌人が再評価され、大中臣能宣(59首)・清原元輔(48首)・平兼盛(39首)ら後撰集時代の歌人の作が新たに補われた。
- The name 'Shui' means to glean excellent poems that had not been selected in the previous imperial collections, and by definition, while many poets from Kokin wakashu including KI no Tsurayuki (107) were selected again, poets from Manyo shu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) such as KAKINOMOTO Hitomaro (104) were re-evaluated, and poems by ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu (59), KIYOHARA no Motosuke (48) and TAIRA no Kanemori (39) from Gosen wakashu era were added.
- 718年(養老2年)大和国の長谷寺の開基である徳道上人が62歳のとき、病のために亡くなるが冥土の入口で閻魔大王に会い、生前の罪業によって地獄へ送られる者があまりにも多いことから、三十三箇所の観音霊場をつくり巡礼によって人々を救うように託宣を受けるとともに起請文と三十三の宝印を授かり現世に戻された。
- Saint Tokudo, the founder of the Hase-dera Temple in Yamato Province, met Enma Daio (King Yama, or the King of Hell) at the entrance to the other world when he died of disease at the age of sixty-two in 718; he received from Enma Daio an oracle telling him to build thirty-three holy places of Kannon and save people by having them make the pilgrimage, then received the kishomon (written oath) to Kannon and the thirty-three hoin (temple seals), and was sent back to the world to accomplish these tasks, for too many people had been sent to hell from bad karma.
- 1985年のイラン・イラク戦争において、イラクのイラン上空の航空機に対する無差別攻撃宣言に対し、イラン国内に取り残された日本人が、自衛隊の海外派遣不可の原則のために自衛隊機による救援を受けられなかったうえ、日本航空の組合問題により日本航空インターナショナル機による救援もできないために危機的状況にあった。
- In 1985 during the Iran-Iraq War, when Iraq proclaimed indiscriminate attacks to any aircraft flew over Iran, the Japanese people in Iran were stuck in a crisis because the rescue by Self-Defense Force was not made according to the principle that the overseas dispatch of Self-Defense Force troops is prohibited, and Japan Airlines did not fly JAL international airplanes because of a union issue.
- 具体的には神国である日本でキリスト教を布教することはふさわしくないということ、領民などを集団で信徒にすることや神社仏閣などの打ちこわしの禁止、宣教師の20日以内の国外退去などと同時に、この法令が南蛮貿易を妨げるものでなく、布教に関係しない外国人商人の渡来に関してはなんら規制を設けないことが示されている。
- Concretely the following is described, that is, it is not appropriate to Christianize Japan, the land of the Shinto gods, it is forbidden to form a group of Christians and believersm, to destroy shrines and temples, and the missionaries should leave Japan within twenty days, and at the same time this edict does not prevent trade with Spain and Portugal and there are no restrictions on foreign merchants who have not come to spread Christianity in Japan.
- 明治政府が明治元年(1868年)3月に発した太政官布告神仏分離令や明治3年(1870年)の大教宣布などの法令は、仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが仏像・仏具の廃棄を神宮寺の社僧に抑圧されていた神職が暴力的に行い、檀家制度のもとで、寺院に搾取されていると感じる民衆がこれに加わり、各地に廃仏毀釈運動が起きた。
- The Meiji Government issued the edict of Separation of Shinto and Buddhism by Dajokan (Grand Council of state) in March 1868, and the Imperial Edict for Establishment of Shinto in 1870, although they did not intend to exclude Buddhism, Shinto priests who were oppressed by the priests attached to Jingu-ji Temple abusively destroyed Buddha statues and Buddhist objects, and the people who felt being exploited by the temple under the danka (parishioner) system joined the movement then it led to the Haibutsu-kishaku Movement in various places.
- 編者・成立年代について、平安時代末期の保安 (元号)2年(1121年)、3年に書写された最古の写本(現宮内庁書陵部所蔵)が、小槻氏に永く秘蔵されていたことから、小槻氏によって編纂され、本書収録の最も新しい年次の文書が寛治7年正月19日の宣旨であるため、寛治7年から保安2年までの間に成立したと従来考えられてきた。
- Its oldest manuscript (now kept in the Imperial Household Archives) copied in 1121 to 1122, towards the end of the Heian period, was kept secretly by the Ozuki clan for a long time, with the latest document included there concerned with an imperial decree issued on 23 February, 1093, and therefore, it has been considered that the document was completed between 1093 and 1121.
- だが、それも天正17年5月27日_(旧暦)(1589年7月9日) に秀吉の側室淀殿が豊臣鶴松を生んだ事で白紙とされ、この年の12月29日_(旧暦)(1590年2月3日)、親王宣下を受けて「八条宮智仁親王」と名乗った六宮に八条宮家を創設させた事で、秀吉は天皇に対して鶴松を自分の次の関白にする事を納得させたのである。
- However, Hideyoshi's concubine, Yodo-dono gave birth to his child, Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI, on July 9, 1589, and therefore his plan was dropped; on February 3, 1590, Hideyoshi helped Rokunomiya (the Emperor's sixth child), who had received the Imperial edict to award him the title of Shino (Imperial Prince) and had called himself 'Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA,' establish the Hachijonomiya family, which made it possible for Hideyoshi to have the Emperor accept that Tsurumatsu would assume Kanpaku after him.
- だが、天暦5年(951年)10月、宮中の昭陽舎(梨壺)に撰和歌所が置かれ、その寄人に任命された源順・大中臣能宣・清原元輔・坂上望城・紀時文(以上、梨壺の五人)が中心となって『万葉集』の訓詁と新たな勅撰集の編纂に当たり、藤原伊尹が別当となってそれを統括した旨、史書に見えるので、遅くとも天暦末年には奏覧されたと見られる。
- However, it seems to have been presented by 957, because a chronicle shows that the poetry bureau was established at Shoyosha (Nashitsubo, Ladies' Quarters) in the court in November 951 and that the five officers in Nashitsubo, MINAMOTO Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, SAKANOUE no Mochiki, and KI no Tokibumi, carried out works deciphering the text of the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and compiling a new imperial collection of waka, and that, as the head of the poetry bureau, FUJIWARA no Koretada directed the compilation.
- しかしこの宣言は、戦前戦中に「修身」の教科書などで国民が意識していた“日本国民は優秀な民族であり、世界の支配者たるべき立場にある”という概念を否定する文脈にあること、詔書の冒頭において「五箇条の御誓文」を掲げていることに見られるように、かならずしも従来の天皇のありかたそのものを否定するものでは無かったとする説もあった。
- There was a theory stating that this declaration, seen as denying that, 'Japanese people are a perfect race in position to rule the world,' which was promoted to the people before and during the war through textbooks of 'Shushin' (moral training), etc., and having a 'Charter Oath of Five Articles' declared at the beginning of Shosho (Imperial edict), not necessarily denied completely the way the Emperor existed in the past.
- ところが途中の弘長二年(1262年)九月、同院の勅宣により反御子左派の先鋒に立つ九条内大臣基家(1203-1280)・衣笠家良(1192-1264)・六条行家(1223-1275)・真観こと葉室光俊(1203-1276)の四名が新しく撰者として加わり、憤懣やるかたない為家は以後、専ら嫡男藤原為氏に編纂工作を任せたという。
- However, in October and November 1262, the Emperor also ordered Inner Minister Motoie KUJO (1203-1280), Ieyoshi KINUGASA (1192-1264), Yukiie ROKUJO (1223-1275), and Mitsutoshi HAMURO, aka. Shinkan (1203-1276), who were against the Mikohidari, to join as anthologists, so Tameie, resenting the decision, had his oldest son FUJIWARA no Tameuji continue the compiling work instead.
- 天正13年7月11日_(旧暦)(1585年8月6日)には近衛前久の猶子として関白宣下を受け、同時にこの相論の当事者である二条昭実・近衛信輔、そして菊亭晴季に従一位が授けられ、併せて近衛家に千石、他の摂家に五百石の加増があった(なお、秀吉の左大臣又は右大臣昇進については見送られて引き続き近衛信輔と菊亭晴季が任じられている)。
- On August 6, 1585, Hideyoshi received the Imperial edict to award him the position of Kanpaku as Sakihisa KONOE's adopted son, and at the same time, the main participants in the soron, Akizane NIJO and Nobusuke KONOE, and Harusue KIKUTEI all received the rank of the Juichii (Junior First Rank); furthermore, the Konoe family was awarded the increase of their territory by one thousand goku (unit for crop yield), and the other sekke (family lines of regents and chief advisors to the Emperor) by five hundred goku; yet, Hideyoshi was passed over for promotion to Sadaijin or Udaijin, and Nobusuke KONOE and Harusue KIKUTEI each continued to serve as Sadaijin and Udaijin.
- 頼朝の議奏に対する期待は大きく、翌文治2年(1186年)4月30日付の議奏公卿に宛てた書状には「天下の政道は群卿の議奏によって澄清せらるべきの由、殊に計ひ言上せしむるところなり」「たとひ勅宣・院宣を下さるる事候といへども、朝のため世のため、違乱の端に及ぶべきの事は、再三覆奏せしめたまふべく候なり」と記されている(『吾妻鏡』同日条)。
- Yoritomo's expectation on the giso was so high that he wrote in a letter to Giso kugyo dated on April 30, 1186 that 'I especially state that politics of the whole country should be clarified with giso by kugyo', 'even if an imperial order is issued, it should be opposed again and again for the Imperial Court and the world in case of causing disturbances' (the same item of 'Azuma Kagami').
- これに対して黒岩重吾は『日本書紀』継体天皇廿五年での『百済本記』引用「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」天皇および太子、皇子が同時に死んだという記述等を根拠にそれぞれ実際には即位していない安閑・宣化は暗殺・軟禁されたとした。
- Based on the statement in 'Original records of Paekche' in section of '25 years of Emperor Keitai' in 'Chronicles of Japan', saying '百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞?城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣'(Emperor in Japan and the prince passed away at the same time), Jugo KUROIWA believed that Ankan and Senka did not succeed to the throne and they were actually assassinated or under custody.
- その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された(ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている)。
- After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
- このため輔(すけ)・丞(じょう)・録(さかん)の四等官(他の日本の官制の四等官と比較して官位相当は一段高く設定されている。)のほかに、天皇に近侍する侍従、宮中の警備、雑役及び行幸の際の警護役である内舎人、詔勅や宣命及び位記を作成する内記等、大蔵省や内蔵寮(くらりょう)等の出納を行う監物等、駅鈴や伝符の出納たを行う主鈴や典鑰が中務省の品官(ほんかん)とされた。
- Therefore, in addition to Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks, the official court ranks conferred to the Shitokan of Nakatsukasa-sho were higher than Shitokan in other ministries) consisting of Suke, Jo and Sakan, the following posts were counted among Honkan (government posts): Jiju (chamberlain); officials attending the Emperor, Udoneri (Ministerial equerry); officials taking charge of the Imperial Court defense and miscellaneous jobs and guarding an imperial visit, Naiki and others; officials engaged in drafting the two types of imperial edict (one was written in the classical Chinese and the other was in the Japanese syllabary) and the court rank diploma, Kenmotsu and others; officials engaged in accounts of Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury), Kura-ryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), etc., Shurei and Tenyaku; officials managing Ekirei (bells set in stations used for supplying horses), Denfu (certification for lending horses), etc.
- 『法曹至要抄』によれば、養老律令詐偽律の解釈を巡る明法家の先例の学説として「太上天皇宣」の偽造は詔書と同一の罪に当たるとする説を挙げており早くから知られていた可能性があるが、院宣に関する記録の初見は延長 (日本)7年(927年)の宇多天皇が伊勢神宮に宣旨を下されたことを受けて神宮側がその指示を神郡に向けて発した「延長七年大神宮勘注」(『大日本史料』一之六)である。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho', when the Myobo-ke (judicial officials) interpreted Yororitsuryo Sagi-ritsu (punitive clause regarding fabrication of official documents and government properties under the Yororitsuryo code) earlier, it was described that the fabrication of the Daijo Tenno Zen (a decree by the Retired Emperor) is a crime comparable to the fabrication of the Shosho (an imperial decree), which shows that the concept of inzen could have been in use early in the history. Nonetheless, the first record which mentions the term inzen is 'Encho Shichi-nen Daijingu Kanchu', taken from 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (the Historical Materials of Japan) Vol.1, no.6, which was a document that, upon receipt of an imperial decree from Emperor Uda in 927, Ise-jingu Shrine issued as the Emperor Uda's instructions to Shingun (a district designated as a sanctuary which enjoyed certain privileges under an Imperial charter).
- 従来の学説では院庁において実際の政務が執られたとされていたが、鈴木茂男が当時の院庁発給文書に国政に関する内容が認められないことを主張し、橋本義彦がこれを受けて院庁政治論を痛烈に批判したため近年では、非公式の私文書としての側面のある院宣を用いて朝廷に圧力をかけ、院独自の側近を院の近臣として太政官内に送り込むことによって事実上の指揮を執ったとする見解が有力となっている。
- Earlier theories asserted that political affairs were in fact conducted at Incho, but Shigeo SUZUKI asserted that no details regarding national government could be seen in the documents issued by Incho at that time, and Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO, based on this fact, strongly criticized the view that political affairs were conducted at Incho; consequently, in recent years it has become the prevalent view that the In put pressure on the Imperial Court by using inzen, which had the aspect of a non-official document, and that by placing his aides in positions of general council of state he took virtual control of the government.
- 「天皇は國民の輿論を荷はない所の内閣を信任し玉ふ道理がない故に國務大臣の責任は法理上天皇に對して之を負ふと云ふも實は議會を通じて國民に對して負ふべき」ものであるとし、「輿論とは沒交渉で議會から不信任を受けても天皇の信任ある間は進退すべきではないと公言するは民の聲を以て神の聲とし、民の心を以て朕の心とすとの玉ふ名君を貶し、萬機公論に決すと宣へる聖旨を裏切る」ものである。
- It said that 'there's no reason for the emperor to give his confidence to the cabinet that is not responsible for the public, thus the ministers of the state should be responsible for the public through the parliament, even though, in theory, it is the emperor for whom they are responsible', and 'if you say that you should not resign as long as you are trusted by the emperor, even though you have lost the confidence of the parliament, and have never consulted with the general public, it means that you injure the great emperor, who takes the voice from the people as the one from the god, identifying himself with the public, and betray the divine tenor that had stated the broad-based assemblies should be held and all critical issues settled by public debate.'
- また、将軍家(徳川宗家)の分家としては、上記三家及び駿河家以外にも、3代将軍徳川家光の子を分封した甲府徳川家(徳川綱重・徳川家宣・松平左馬頭家)及び館林徳川家(徳川綱吉・松平右馬頭家)が、石高・家格ともに匹敵する家として存在した(但し徳川家康の子(徳川秀忠の兄)結城秀康を祖とする越前松平家、徳川秀忠の子(徳川家光の弟)保科正之を祖とする会津松平家などは徳川姓を許されていない)。
- In addition to the three families noted above and the Suruga family, the branch families of the Tokugawa shogun family included the Kofu-Tokugawa family (Tsunashige TOKUGAWA, Ienobu TOKUGAWA and the Matsudaira family of Sama no kami (Captain of the Left Division of Samaryo)) and the Tatebayashi-Tokugawa family (Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and the Matsudaira family of Uma no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses)), who were equivalent in both crop yield and social standing; however, the Echizen-Matsudaira family, founded by Hideyasu YUKI, who was a son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and older brother of Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and the Aizu-Matsudaira family, founded by Masayuki HOSHINA, who was a son of Hidetada and younger brother of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, were not privileged to claim to be TOKUGAWA.
- 九条道家ら公卿勢力は、順徳天皇の皇子である忠成王(仲恭天皇の異母弟)を擁立しようとしたが、執権北条泰時は、承久の乱の関係者の順徳上皇の皇子の擁立には反対の立場を示し、中立的立場であった土御門上皇の皇子の邦仁王を擁立しようとし、鶴岡八幡宮の御託宣があったとして邦仁王を擁立した(実は土御門定通の妻は泰時の異母妹であったため、邦仁王と北条氏とは縁戚関係にあったという特殊な事情もあった)。
- Michiie KUJO from one of the Court noble forces, tried to have Prince Tadanari (Emperor Chukyo's half younger brother), Emperor Juntoku's Prince, succeed to the throne, however, the regent, Yasutoki HOJO was against it since Retired Emperor Juntoku's Prince was involved in the Jokyu Disturbance, he then tried to have Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado's Prince, Prince Kunihito become Emperor and allowed the Prince to be enthroned by saying he received an oracle from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine (In fact, Sadamichi TSUCHIMIKADO's wife was Yasutoki's half younger sister, thus there was an unusual situation whereby the Prince Kunihito and Hojo clan were relatives to each others).
- この事件については歴史書『続日本紀』に詳細が書かれ、道鏡の政治的陰謀を阻止した和気清麻呂が「忠臣の鑑」として戦前の歴史教育においてしばしば取り上げられてきたが、既に江戸時代に本居宣長によって一連の神話的な事件の流れに懐疑的な説が唱えられ、近年には『続日本紀』の記事には光仁天皇の即位を正当化するための作為が含まれている(神託には皇位継承については触れられていない)とする説も存在する。
- The details of this incident are described in the history book 'Shoku Nihongi'; WAKE no Kiyomaro, who prevented a political conspiracy of Dokyo, was often taken up in history education in Japan before the Word War Ⅱas 'a model of royal subject'; however, during the Edo period Norinaga MOTOORI had already expressed his doubts on the credibility of the series of mythical incidents, and in recent years there exist views which advocate that the articles in 'Shoku Nihongi' include artifacts to justify the enthronement of Emperor Konin (the oracle does not touch on the succession to the Imperial Throne).
- なお、『日本書紀』に引く「百済本記」(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)によれば、531年頃に天皇と太子・皇子が共に薨去したという所伝があるといい、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していたとか、2朝間に内乱があったと見る説もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- According to the 'Kudarahonki' (Original records of Paekche) quoted by 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), a legend has it that Emperor Keitai and Prince died together around 531, and another theory has it that after the death of Emperor Keitai, two Imperial Courts existed at the same time, one was reigned by Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, the other was reigned by Emperor Kinmei, and they had a domestic conflict ('Shingai Coup' theory).
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立時期をめぐっても諸説あり、源頼朝が征夷大将軍に任命された建久3年(1192年)説、日本国総守護地頭に任命された建久元年(1190年)説、公文所及び問注所を開設した元暦元年(1184年)説、守護・地頭の任命を許可する文治の勅許が下された文治元年(1185年)説、事実上、東国の支配権を承認する寿永二年の宣旨が下された寿永2年(1183年)説、頼朝が東国支配権を樹立した治承4年(1180年)説がある。
- There are also several theories on when the Kamakura Bakufu was established, such as the theory that it was founded in 1192, when MIYAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to seii taishogun, the theory of 1190, when he was appointed to Japan general Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward), the theory of 1184, when he opened a Kumonjo (administration office) and monchujo (a court of justice), the theory of 1185, when the Bunji imperial sanction was declared, which licensed the appointment of Shugo and Jito, the theory of 1183, when Juei-ninen no Senji was declared for approving, in fact, the dominion of Togoku and the theory of 1180, when he established the dominion of Togoku.
- 辛亥革命後、五・四運動を経て不平等条約破棄を求める中国国民の声が高まると、規定上の改訂期間が訪れた1926年10月に北京政府が条約改訂を日本側に打診するが、1928年7月19日、当時北京政府に代わって中国を掌握していた蒋介石の南京国民政府が一方的に破棄を通告、日本側はこれを拒否して継続を宣言したが、その後日本側からも対立悪化を懸念する声が上がり、改訂交渉が行われ、1930年5月6日に日華関税協定が結ばれて中国側の関税自主権が回復された。
- After the Xinhai Revolution, the demand to abrogate the unequal treaty increased among Chinese people in the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing Government offered the revision of the treaty to Japan in October 1926 when the term of revision started, but the Nanjing Government led by Chiang Kai-shek who controlled China at that time one-sidedly notified the abrogation of the treaty on July 19, 1928, on the other hand, Japan denied the notification and declared the continuation of the treaty, however, the concern was raised in Japan that the relationship between Japan and China might deteriorate, the two countries negotiated about revision of the treaty, and finally the Sino-Japanese Tariff Agreement was concluded on May 6, 1930, and the Chinese tariff autonomy was restored.
- 始期については、従来源頼朝が将軍(征夷大将軍)に任じられた1192年とするのが一般的であるが、頼朝が平家打倒のために挙兵し御家人を統率する侍所を設置した1180年説、寿永二年十月宣旨で東国(東海道および東山道)の支配権を朝廷に公認された1183年説、対立する弟・源義経追討の名目で惣追捕使(後の守護)・地頭の設置権を獲得した1185年説、頼朝が上洛し権大納言・右近衛大将に任命された1190年説、また一部では1196年説など様々な考え方がある。
- There are many theories about in what year the Kamakura period truly began, of which the 1192 theory, the year MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was made Shogun (Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians')), is the orthodox view, but in addition, theories include: the 1180 theory, focusing on Yoritomo raising his army and leading his gokenin (lower-ranking warrior vassals) into battle to destroy the Taira clan, and also establishing the Samurai Dokoro (Board of Retainers, which oversaw rewards for service); the 1183 theory, in which the key moment is the official recognition of the shogunate's right to control Eastern Japan (everything along the Tokaido and Tosando highways) proclaimed by the imperial court in the tenth month; the 1185 theory, which focuses on Yoritomo's use of his struggle to destroy his younger brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as a pretext to usurp the right to appoint and control the offices of shugo (provincial governor) and jito (estate steward); the 1190 theory, in which it was Yoritomo's visit to the capital and subsequent court appointments to Gon Dainagon (Deputy Major Counselor) and Ukone Taisho (Commander of the Guardsmen of the Right) that is considered the decisive moment; and a handful even believe it wasn't until 1196 that the Kamakura period truly began.
- 更に『兵範記』には久寿元年(1154年)の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分(合格)者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである(大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分(天皇)2・院御分(上皇・法皇)1・殿下分(摂政・関白)1・省官分(式部大輔・少輔)3・両博士分(文章博士2名)2・判儒分(試験官)3の入分枠が定められていたという)。
- Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).
- これは、2月に太政大臣に就任したばかりである近衛前久が5月に突如辞任していること、本能寺の変後の7月17日_(旧暦)に羽柴秀吉から毛利輝元に宛てられた手紙において、秀吉が信長のことを「大相国」と呼んでいるが、信長に対する太政大臣贈官が宮中で論じられたのは同年10月の事であること、加えてその結果出された贈官の宣命には「重而太政大臣」の語句があり、これを太政大臣の辞令が出されたのが2度目であると解釈して、1度目の辞令を三職推任問題の時に既に太政大臣就任の内諾を信長から得たことにより、非公式な内定が出されていたと解している。
- He thinks that the informal decision of appointing Nobunaga as Daijo daijin had been already made after confirming his informal consent when Haretoyo talked about Sanshoku suinin mondai based on the following facts: Sakihisa KONOE, who assumed Daijo daijin in March (February in old lunar calendar), abruptly resigned in June (May in old lunar calendar); Hideyoshi called Nobunaga 'Daishokoku' (the Grand Minister) in his letter to Terumoto MORI on August 15 (July 17 in old lunar calendar) after the Honnoji Incident, while the formal discussion at court on granting a posthumous title of Daijo daijin to Nobunaga was in October; and the subsequently issued Emperor's order of the posthumous title for Nobunaga contained a word 'choji Dajodaijin' (重而太政大臣) (the Grand Minister again), which Hashimoto believed meant the second appointment of Nobunaga as Daijo daijin.
- この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買(日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う)を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
- There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).