実力: 347 Terms and Phrases

• 実力
• ability
• true strength
• merit
• efficiency
• competency
• arms
• force

• 実力者
• influential person
• powerful person
• big wheel
• big gun
• power behind the throne
• magnate
• man of influence

• 実力伯仲
• being evenly matched in ability

• 実力本位
• the precedence of merit
• performance orientation
• ability- (merit-) based (promotion, pay scale, etc.)

• 実力次第
• according to (depending on) one's ability
• if one is good (competent, talented) enough

• 実力試験
• proficiency test

• 大実力者
• baron

• 実力行為
• using force

• 実力行使
• use of force

• 影の実力者
• power behind the throne

• 実力者会議
• caucus

• 実力テスト
• proficiency test
• academic ability test

• 中国の実力者
• Deng Xiaoping

• 重要な実力者
• an important influential person

• 実力で出世する
• make it to the top on one's own
• rise through the ranks

• 第2番目の実力者
• number two

• 実力だよ、実力。
• That's my skill talking.

• 実力相応に評価する
• cut down to size

• やる気満々で実力もある
• can-do

• けっきょく、実力が勝つ。
• Real ability wins in the end.

• 彼はどう見ても実力者だ。
• He was to all appearances a strong man.

• 多くの実力ある門人を育てた。
• He trained many capable disciples.

• 実行は、大いに実力を向上させる
• practice greatly improves proficiency

• 穏やかに話すが、実力行使に訴える
• speak softly but carry a big stick

• 腕を上げ、実力を認められ始める。
• Improving his swordplay, he was gradually recognized as a skilled swordsman.

• 我々の稼ぎは実力に比例している。
• Our earnings are in proportion to our real ability.

• やがて三好家家中で実力をつけた。
• Eventually he became distinguished among the retainers of the Miyoshi family.

• 信頼は朝廷における実力者となる。
• Nobuyori was the person holding actual power in the Imperial Court.

• 剣の実力は師範代を務めるまで至った。
• He attained proficiency in swordsmanship that allowed him to become an acting master.

• やつらに実力の差を見せ付けてやった。
• I showed 'em the difference of ability.

• 彼はメキメキ英語の実力をつけている。
• He is making great progress in English.

• この観点からも重太郎の実力の程が分る。
• Considering this aspect, one can infer Jutaro's ability.

• 師との出会いにより、急速に実力をつける。
• He quickly established his ability, inspired by the encounter with his master.

• 実力主義的な世相の中で翻弄されていった。
• The rule of force reigned and toyed with the fortunes of the hikan common folk.

• 久秀は主家を凌駕する実力を持つに至った。
• In fact he became more powerful than his lord's family.

• 清朝の実力者李鴻章が条約締結を助言したこと
• A powerful person in the Qing dynasty Hung Chang LI advised them to conclude the treaty.

• 実力を出すために、私はXの必要性を感じた。
• I felt I need X to show my true colors.

• ワーウィックのアールは最初の政界実力者だった
• the Earl of Warwick was the first kingmaker

• つまり外国人を実力行使で排斥しようという思想。
• In other words, the theory supported the expulsion of foreigners from Japan by force.

• 北朝_(日本)の実力者二条良基の保護を受けた。
• He came under the patronage and protection of the powerful Yoshimoto NIJO of the Northern Court (of Japan).

• うぬぼれている人に本当の実力を思い知らせてやる
• cut someone down to size

• このことにもその人気、実力の一端がうかがえる。
• His popularity and ability is also demonstrated by the fact.

• んじゃ、ほんのり・・・実力を出しましょうかね。
• Well then, let's show a little of our real strength shall we?

• 成政も信長の実力主義の恩恵を受けた一人である。
• Narimasa was one of the vassals who benefited from meritocracy of Nobunaga.

• 村上天皇の実力者右大臣藤原師輔の二男に生まれる。
• FUJIWARA no Kanemichi was born as the second son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, the Minister of Right who yielded power as an influential official of Emperor Murakami's government.

• 反対の中心人物は明治政府の実力者大久保利通であった。
• The main person who was against the declaration was Toshimichi OKUBO, a powerful figure of the Meiji Government.

• それは実力がものをいう戦国時代においても同様である。
• This was same during the Sengoku Period when actual power mattered.

• その功により信頼は朝廷の最大の実力者に成り上がった。
• For his success, Nobuyori rapidly rose to be the most powerful individual at court.

• 残った顕氏は讃岐、土佐などの領国化に励み実力をつけた。
• The surviving Akiuji devoted himself to territorialize Sanuki and Tosa, and built up the power.

• 娘の中納言局は後堀河天皇に仕えて宮廷の実力者となった。
• The daughter of Otsubone Court Lady of Jibukyo, Chunagon no tsubone, served Emperor Gohorikawa, and was a person of influence within the Imperial Court.

• 他の人の考えや行動を支配するための脅威、または実力行使
• the threat or use of force to control the thoughts or behavior of others

• なお、木戸孝允ら藩士出身の新政府実力者たちの署名はない。
• However, there are no signatures of kingmakers of the new government including Takayoshi KIDO.

• 伊賀光宗は鎌倉御家人の中でも実力のあった三浦義村と結ぶ。
• Mitsumune IGA approached Yoshimura MIURA, a powerful Gokenin, the shogunal retainer of the Kamakura bakufu.

• 祖父の藤原師輔は当時右大臣であり、朝廷の実力者でもあった
• His grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, was the Minister of the Right at that time and an important figure in the Imperial Court.

• 一方では、門閥外から実力で名題になる例が上方では多かった。
• On the other hand, there were many cases of performers who are not from good lineage becoming a leading actor through their own abilities.

• 元帥・海軍大将・軍令部総長として昭和海軍の実力者であった。
• He was a person in power of the navy during the Showa period, acted as a military general, general of the navy and a military commander and a chancellor.

• 冬康の死去により三好家では久秀に並ぶ実力者はいなくなった。
• After Fuyuyasu died, he became the most powerful man in the Miyoshi family.

• 良くも悪くも実力主義の武家社会が親家の命を救ったと言える。
• Chikaie's life was saved because of the power-centered philosophy of the samurai society, for better or worse.

• 嫡流の和氏の死後、その弟の頼春と並んで細川氏の実力者となる。
• After the death of Kazuuji of the main line, he became an influential person together with Kazuuji's younger brother, Yoriharu.

• こうして長政は畿内の実力者の一人として認識されるようになる。
• In this way, Nagamasa became recognized as one of the influential persons in the Kinai region.

• 実力が伯仲したチーム同士の対戦なので面白い試合になりそうだ。
• Both teams are well matched, the game will be an interesting one.

• 頼朝は宮廷の実力者である源通親と高階栄子にさかんに接触を図る。
• Yoritomo made a contact aggressively with MINAMOTO no Michichika and TAKASHINA no Eishi who had power in the Imperial Court.

• そして実力をもって朝廷にこれを認めさせることがほとんどであった。
• In most cases the imperial court was forced to accept this.

• 農村民運動 国家と非合法的実力闘争を展開した北ドイツの農民運動。
• Peasants and Villagers' Movements: peasants' movements in northern Germany that built up illegal campaigns against the state using force.

• 関西を中心に活動するが、東京ほか全国から望まれて出演する実力派。
• Being a great actor, he mainly performs in the Kansai area, but also performs across the country including Tokyo.

• 1940年1月18日、実力制初代本因坊の決定を見ることなく死去。
• On January 18, 1940, Shusai died without knowing who was to win the first Honinbo by championship.

• 父の師輔は右大臣として村上天皇の天暦の治を指導した実力者だった。
• Koretada's father, Morosuke, guided the Tenryaku no chi (glorious Tenryaku rule) by Emperor Murakami, as the Udaijin.

• そしてめきめきと実力を現し、京都奉行から三好氏の宰相にまでなった。
• Hisahide then emerged rapidly as a Kyoto magistrate and thereafter as prime minister of the Miyoshi clan.

• また、松永久秀に対してもその実力を評価し、二度も降伏を許している。
• Moreover, he recognized the ability of Hisahide MATSUNAGA and twice accepted his surrender.

• 益々実力を発揮し、山本有三作『真実一路』にはじまる充実期を迎える。
• He demonstrated an ever increasing ability and entered his film making prime with films including 'Shinjitsu Ichiro' (The Straight Path of Sincerity) based on a novel by Yuzo YAMAMOTO.

• 1947年のキネマ旬報ベストテン4位となり初めて実力が認められた。
• It was ranked fourth in the Kinema Junpo magazine top ten in 1947; the first recognition of his talent.

• あの男鳴り物入りで入社したけど、実力のほど看板に偽りなしだったね。
• He came on board this company with a lot of fanfare and he turns out to have the skill and talent to live up to it.

• ビルが試合に勝ったのは幸運によるよりもむしろ実力によるものだった。
• Bill won the match, not so much by good luck as by real ability.

• どちらが勝ってもおかしくない。両チームとも実力はほぼ互角だからね。
• It's a tossup as to who will win; both teams are about the same in quality.

• しかし始めてみるとすぐに実力をつけ、以後様々な漢書を読みあさった。
• When he started, however, he showed marked improvement in learning and began to read widely thereafter.

• 当時の満州国の軍・官・財界の実力者5人の弐キ参スケの1人とされた。
• He was one of the five leaders called 'Nikisansuke,' who were considered as influential in the worlds of military, government, and business in Manchukuo at that time.

• 645年6月に宮廷で朝堂一の実力者・蘇我入鹿大臣の暗殺に参加する。
• In June, 645, he was involved in the assassination of SOGA no Iruka which was carried out in the Imperial Court; SOGA no Iruka was a minister and one of the most powerful politicians in chodo (the Imperial court).

• 清国の実力者李鴻章、イギリスの駐日大使パークスは当初激しく反発した。
• At first, Li Hung Chang, who was an influential person in Qing and Parkes, British Ambassador to Japan, protested vehemently.

• これはどのような達人同士であってもわずかに実力差が生じる為とされる。
• It is said this is because there is always a slight difference in ability between fencers or fighters even if they are called a master.

• こうして涵養した実力を背景として、清盛は後白河と深く結びついていた。
• With such a background of accumulating power, Kiyomori was deeply connected with Goshirakawa.

• うわべだけの知識だけじゃなく、本物の実力を身につける必要があります。
• You have to acquire real skills, not just superficial knowledge.

• 秀吉の実力を良く知る毛利氏は秀吉との和睦を維持し、その覇業を支援した。
• Well aware of how powerful Hideyoshi was, the Mori clan kept peace with him and assisted in his struggle for supremacy.

• その頃、久秀は実力をもって大和守護を自称して大和国の平定に動いていた。
• By then, Hisahide had appointed himself the Governor of Yamato Province by virtue of physical force, and been trying to place the province under his rule.

• 同じ頃、関西では本部朝基が唐手の実力を世人に示して、世間を驚嘆させた。
• At about the same time, Choki MOTOBU stole the show in the Kansai area by showcasing his karate skills before the public.

• 彼は実力のある政治家に見せかけているが、実際にはずるがしこい政治屋だ。
• He makes believe that he is a practical statesman, but in really he is a cunning politician.

• 彼はなぜ私以上に信用もあり実力もある人のところへ行かないのでしょうか」
• Why not go to somebody with credit to be believed, and power to act?'

• それぞれの実力者同士の利害衝突に端を発する衝突が広く日本各地で行われた。
• Quarrels arising from conflicts of interest between powerful persons occurred in various places all over Japan.

• そして室町将軍すら上回るほどの実力を蓄えた守護大名すら生まれるのである。
• Subsequently, even Shugo daimyos with power exceeding that of Shogun Muromachi were born.

• 秀吉没後、伏見城には徳川家康が入り、最大実力者として政治を取り仕切った。
• After the death of Hideyoshi, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took over Fushimi-jo Castle, and formed a government.

• 村上天皇のときの朝廷の実力者右大臣藤原師輔の二男兼通の子として生まれる。
• He was born the son of Kanemichi, who was the second son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, who held great power as udaijin in the Imperial Court of Emperor Murakami.

• 少なくとも撮影所には採用人事の学閥重視を一蹴するような実力主義が見られる。
• It can be said that the recruitment process for studio staff seems to prioritise ability over academic clique.

• 「芸が未熟なので、先輩に学んで実力をつけてからではどうか」と提案もされた。
• Some members proposed 'Motoya should become the head after Motoya learns more from his seniors since his performance is still unskilled.'

• 50分の模擬試験に挑戦して、試験であなたの実力がどれくらいかがわかります。
• Try a 50 minute mock examination, and know just how good you really are.

• 父と母方の祖父が朝廷の実力者であったことから、15歳の若さで従三位となる。
• Since his father and maternal grandfather were powerful men in the Imperial Court, he was given the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) at the age of just 15.

• 政財官各界で活躍した中川の葬儀には多くの実力者から弔辞・弔電が寄せられた。
• As NAKAGAWA was actively involved in political and economic circles, many prominent figures sent their condolences and telegrams to his funeral.

• しかし義昭に信長に逆らう実力があるはずも無く、これも承認せざるを得なかった。
• Incapable of retaliating against Nobunaga, Yoshiaki was forced to accept the Articles.

• 大衆僉議や強訴など寺院内部の意思決定やその実力行使に中心的な役割を果たした。
• It played the central role in the decision-making and recourse to the force of the temple, such as by conferences and direct petitions.

• また、この時に頼経の父で朝廷の実力者である九条道家と通じたとする見方もある。
• A theory says that Mitsumura already had a secret connection with Michiie KUJO, who was the father of Yoritsune and had influence over the Imperial Court.

• 有世の陰陽師としての実力は既に安倍氏を代表する水準にまで達していたのである。
• The ability of Ariyo as Onmyoji reached to the level of a person who can be a representative of Abe clan.

• しかしながら、それが叶えられないために、実力行使による抗議行動に出たのである。
• However, because their efforts failed, they started protests, resorting to force.

• 家元は世襲せず、代々実力のある女性の内弟子が跡を継ぐという独特な伝統があった。
• The iemoto (the head family of a school) was not succeeded, but for generations well-qualified female private pupils followed in, which was a unique tradition.

• 加えて舞金剛と呼ばれる金剛流の特色である写実能にもその実力を発揮する役者である
• In addition, he is a Noh actor who shows real ability in realistic Noh called Mai-Kongo which is the feature of the Kongo school.

• その後、周りに自分の実力を見せ付けるように他の一流棋士達を先二以下に打ち込む。
• Once becoming the Honinbo, Shusai proved the difference by dominating the other top-ranked professional go players who could only play a handicap game of at least sen-ni with Shusai.

• 頼朝は次女の三幡姫を入内させようと図るが、朝廷の実力者である源通親に阻まれる。
• Yoritomo tried to have his second daughter, Sanman hime marry into the Imperial family, but was hampered by MINAMOTO no Michichika, a person of influence in the Imperial Court.

• 平安時代末期の当主多々良盛房は周防で最有力の実力者となり、周防権介に任じられた。
• A family head in the end of the Heian period, TATARA no Morifusa became the most dominant figure in Suo Province, and was appointed to Suo no Gon no suke.

• 家格破壊の結果、実力さえあれば氏素性の怪しさなどは、黙認された時代になっていた。
• After the collapse of the importance of family status, there was a trend in the society to overlook the origins as long as they have the ability to rule.

• 平氏の実力の大きさが再認識されると同時に、後白河院政の脆弱さが露呈する形になった。
• As result, the power of the Taira clan had been reacknowledged while the vulnerability of Goshirakawa Cloistered government had been exposed.

• 合議体制、官民一体での国家形成、旧習の打破、世界列国と伍する実力の涵養などである。
• In this oath, the government stipulated the use of a collegiate body system, the creation of a state in cooperation with bureaucracy and the private sector, the breaking of old habits, and the fostering of power to equal with foreign powerful countries.

• 数学上、目立った業績はなく、『括要算法』に誤字が多いのも荒木の実力不足ゆえ、とも。
• He did not achieve a great deal in terms of mathematics, and it is said that the fact that 'Katsuyo sanpo' is full of spelling mistakes is an indication of Araki's lack of skill.

• 政権の最高実力者に対する暗殺という結果は、幕府の権威を大きく失墜させることとなった。
• Due to the assassination of its top official, the authority of the bakufu government crumbled.

• しかし、これらの建白書は期待した効果を生まず、島田らは実力行使路線を採ることになる。
• However, as these petitions did not have the desired effect, Shimada and others went down to the path to use of force.

• それまで劇界第一の実力者の御曹司として遇されてきた福助には後見者すらなかったという。
• Fukusuke, who had been treated as a son of the distinguished family of the most influential person in the theater world, did not even have a guardian.

• 更に明治末期に大阪相撲の実力力士・21代横綱若嶌權四郎が五条家から横綱免許を受けた。
• Furthermore, Yokozuna Gonshiro WAKASHIMA, the twenty-first, a talented sumo wrestler of Osaka zumo, received a yokozuna license from the Gojo family at the end of the Meiji period.

• 当時、京都見廻組に加入したばかりだった今井信郎が、実力を示すために斬ったとする主張。
• He claimed that Nobuo IMAI, who had just joined the Kyoto Mimawarigumi, had killed SAKAMOTO in order to prove his strength.

• 実力者を失業させれば、同時に彼の取巻や下役を解放する雪ダルマ効果があらわれるはずだ。
• There is a snowball effect since every time you idle some bigshot you liberate his flunkeys and underlings also.

• 現代囲碁界でも石田章など、秀甫をこれら大名人の列に連なる実力者と見る者は少なくない。
• Even in today's Igo World, not a few people including Akira ISHIDA regard Shuho being on par with these grand masters.

• MPEG-4 AVC録画の実力テスト：使いやすさはもとより、画質・音質の実力も高い。
• MPEC-4 AVC recording practical test: It was always easy to use, now the picture and sound quality is high too.

• この頃、各地で尊攘過激派による実力行使の動きが見られたが、いずれも失敗に終わっている。
• Various radical sonjo party across the country tried to use force at the time, but all attempts fell through.

• また顕氏の子・細川繁氏も急死し、頼春の嫡子である細川頼之が細川氏で随一の実力者となる。
• Shigeuji HOSOKAWA, the son of Akiuji, also died suddenly, therefore Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, a legitimate child of Yoriharu, became the most influential person in the Hosokawa clan.

• ところが、忍者の実力に脅威を覚えた織田信長は、次男の織田信雄に命じて伊賀攻めを行わせた。
• However, Nobunaga ODA, who had a sense of menace to competency of Ninja, ordered his second son Nobuo ODA to attack Iga.

• また、紀尾井坂の変に至るまでの、実力行使と武力による争乱の時代が幕を開けることとなった。
• In addition, a time of conflict and use of military force resulting in the Kioizaka Incident started.

• 親貞は一門の実力者としてよく元親を補佐したが、その子親実が謀叛の嫌疑を受けて殺されした。
• Chikasada assisted Motochika as an influential person of the family, but his child Chikazane, was killed on suspicion for a rebellious act.

• 鳥羽法皇は忠盛の有する軍事的・経済的実力の重要性から藤原頼長の反対を押し切って擁護した。
• The Cloistered Emperor Toba supported Tadamori because of his strong military and financial power over FUJIWARA no Yorinaga's opposition.

• その後、一族の実力者上村頼興の後援を得た実兄の相良義滋に攻められて、自害に追い込まれた。
• After that, Nagataka was attacked by his elder brother, Yoshishige SAGARA who was backed up by an influential person of the Sagara family, Yoriyoshi UEMURA, and Nagataka was driven to kill himself.

• さらに清盛は大宰大弐に就任することで日宋貿易に深く関与することになり、経済的実力を高めた。
• And through his position as second-in-command (Daini) of Dazaifu (an important outpost in Kyushu), Kiyomori also became a major participant in the Japanese trade with Song China, and thus increased the economic might of the Taira as well.

• 元雅は世阿弥に劣らぬ名人であったが、そのキャリアは、実力に見合う華々しいものではなかった。
• Motomasa was as talented as Zeami; however, he did not have a spectacular career commensurate with his talent.

• 六角氏綱に仕え、瀬田城を居城にして江南の旗頭と呼ばれるほどの実力を保持していたといわれた。
• He served Ujitsuna ROKKAKU, resided in Seta-jo Castle and was called the leader of the south Omi because he had a strong influence there.

• 君の実力なら楽勝だとは思うが、それに驕らず、まずはクラスのみんなと切磋琢磨していって欲しい。
• With your ability it should be a doddle, but please don't be prideful of that but first apply yourself dilligently with everyone in your class.

• これは、秀吉が朝廷から天下の実力者として認められ、朝廷から政治を委任されたことを意味している。
• This meant that the imperial court admitted that Hideyoshi was the most powerful person in Japan and that the court delegated him the authority to rule Japan.

• 真打昇進以降、中年から老年にかけて、人気、実力が変動することがあっても、順位は入れ替わらない。
• After promotion of shinuchi, from middle age to old age, the order is not changed even if the popularity or skill changes.

• 顕季は白河天皇の乳母の息子で、長じては白河法皇の院の近臣となり、政界及び歌壇の実力者となった。
• Akisue, the son of Menoto (nurse) of Emperor Shirakawa, was selected as a vassal of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, and became an influential person in both the court and in literary circles.

• 信長が上洛すると、それまで中央を押さえていた三好義継・松永久秀らは信長の実力を悟って臣従した。
• After Nobunaga went to Kyoto, Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI, Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and others who had controlled the central government knew the power of Nobunaga and served him.

• その後、高浜虚子の愛弟子となり、俳句の実力が認められ、1934年に『ホトトギス』の同人となる。
• After that, he became a beloved pupil of Kyoshi TAKAHAMA, and, with his talent being recognized, he became a member of the' Hototogisu' group in 1934.

• 明治時代から大正時代にかけて、日本の政治は元老と呼ばれる9人の実力者たちによって牛耳られていた。
• Through the Meiji Period to the Taisho Period, the Japanese government was dominated by nine influential figures called Genro (elder statesmen).

• 住民らは米の移出を実力行使で阻止し、当時1升40銭から50銭の相場だった米を35銭で販売させた。
• They prevented the rice transportation by force and forced a sale of rice, which had been from 40 sen to 50 sen per 1 sho at that time, for 35 sen.

• 諸流の公家の中でも有力な日野流あるいは勧修寺流の実力者が任命されて、摂関家領の管理などを行った。
• Persons of Hino line or Kanjuji line, which were powerful among various lines of Fujiwara clan, were appointed to this post and engaged in the management of Sekkan-ke's territory etc.

• 彼らは当初筑波山周辺に留まっていたが、後に横浜港鎖港の実力行使を行なうべく江戸へ向かって進撃した。
• They at first stayed around the Mt. Tsukuba, but later headed to Edo in order to exclude the foreign ships from the Yokohama Port.

• 国人は室町幕府や守護大名・荘園領主の行動を左右する実力を蓄積する在地勢力にまでに成長したのである。
• Kokujin rose to become a residing force with power reserved to influence the actions of the Muromachi bakufu, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), and manor lords.

• しかし本因坊制度は1939年以降実力制になり、棋戦の勝者たるタイトルの称号としての本因坊となった。
• However, the system of inherited Hon-inbo (Grand Master) names changed to a merit-based system from 1939 onwards whereby the Hon-inbo became a title for the winner of a traditional `Go` board game tournament.

• 義家・義親・義忠・義綱と実力者を失い、河内源氏は源義光・源義国・源義時・源義隆を残すだけになった。
• After the loss of these key figures, Yoshiie, Yoshichika, Yoshitada and Yoshitsuna, Kawachi-Genji only had left MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki, and MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka.

• しかし後述するように、実際の適用では、臣下の間での実力による政権奪取の試みや陰謀も謀反に含められた。
• Practically, an attempt to take power on one's merit or a conspiracy, among vassals, were also regarded as muhon, as described below.

• 父が幕府の実力者であったことから将軍・源実朝に寺社奉行として重用され、北条氏からも厚い信任を受けた。
• Since his father was an influential person in bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), he was treated preferentially as a jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) by shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo and was trusted by the Hojo clan as well.

• 秀栄は雁金準一の実力が田村に及ばないことを認めながら、田村でなく雁金を後継者に望んでいたふしがある。
• Knowing that Junichi KARIGANE did not come up to Tamura's shoulder, Shuei still seemed to hope that Juinchi succeed him.

• しかし元就は織田信長の実力を認めており、信長とは友好関係を維持して、包囲網に参加することはなかった。
• Recognizing Nobunaga ODA's competence, he maintained his friendly relationship with him and refused to ever join the network.

• 薩摩藩最高実力者島津久光は兵を率いて上洛し、尊皇攘夷派を取り締まり、朝廷に運動して公武合体を推進した。
• Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the most powerful man of the Satsuma clan, led forces to Kyoto, suppressed the Sonnojoi group and promoted Kobu gattai by influencing the Imperial Court.

• 而して此地獄国の当局者は誰ぞと尋るに、事大党政府の官吏にして、其後見の実力を有する者は即ち支那人なり。
• If you ask who the authority of the hell land is, it is the officer from the Satedan Party (pro-Chinese) government; and the person who has the power to control him is Chinese.

• 夫帝より9歳年長の妃であり、威子自身はこれを恥ずかしがったというが、実力者道長の娘として重んじられた。
• She was older than her husband by nine years and she was ashamed of it, but she was respected as the daughter of a powerful figure Michinaga.

• これは、『家』と格式を重んじる武士の都の江戸と実力本位の町人の都大阪との違いが影響していると考えられる。
• The reason is thought to be the difference between Edo, a city of samurai where 'family' and formality were considered important and Osaka, a city of merchants where personal capability governed.

• 刈田狼藉とは土地の所有を主張するために田の稲を刈り取る実力行使であり、武士間の所領紛争に伴って発生した。
• The karita-rozeki, an act of harvesting rice in the paddy field in order to claim the ownership of the land, occurred with the conflicts of land appropriation among samurai.

• これは、大名行列のために出費を強いることで諸大名が経済的実力を持つことを抑制しようとする政治的意図による。
• This was because of political intention to restrain territorial lords' financial power by forcing them to make a lot of expense for daimyo-gyoretsu.

• 戦国時代に入ると紀北から河内・和泉南部に至る勢力圏を保持し、寺院城郭を構えてその実力は最盛期を迎えていた。
• In the Sengoku period, it was at the height of its prosperity, holding power in the areas from Kihoku to Kawachi Province and south of Izumi Province and having a temple castle.

• 文化 (元号)・文政期の幕府の実力者水野忠成に歩調に合わせ、彼に追随する形で順当に昇役し、老中に就任する。
• Acting in concert with Tadaakira MIZUNO, a prominent figure during the Bunka and Bunsei periods, Yasuto MATSUDAIRA naturally climbed up the ranks by following in his steps and assumed a post as roju.

• しかし、後に、文明 (日本)3年（1471年）に東軍へ寝返った孝景により、越前の実力支配を押し進められる。
• In 1471, however, Takakage who went over to the eastern army employed strong-arm tactics against Yoshitoshi in Echizen Province.

• 道隆の死後、東三条院が全てを所有していたが、死にあたって自らが後見して政界の実力者にした弟の道長に譲渡した。
• After Michitaka's death, Higashi Sanjoin owned all of the properties, but when she was going to die, she trasferred them to Michinaga, her brother, whom she helped, as his guardian, to become a powerful man in politics.

• 元々は朝廷が与える官職だが、実際の任命は、建武の新政の時期を除いて実力で武家の頂点に立った者の要請によった。
• Although it was originally a post bestowed by the Imperial Court, actual appointments, except for a time during the New Kemmu Government, were at the request of the person whose influence placed him at the pinnacle of samurai society.

• こうした芸の特質を受継ぎ、よく習得しているか、あるいはその実力が名跡の大きさに相応しいか、などが勘考される。
• Various other factors are also considered such as: whether the candidate is appropriately inheriting features of the accomplished art, whether the candidate has dominated the art form, or whether the candidate's demonstrated skill-levels are deserving of the gravity of a Myoseki title/name.

• 織田信長は人質としてやってきた氏郷を見て一目でその実力と才能を見抜き、娘の冬姫を与えることを約束したという。
• It is said that when Ujisato came to Nobunaga ODA as a hostage, Nobunaga realized his abilities at a single glance and promised his daughter Princess Fuyu's hand in marriage.

• 一方で血縁と伝統的な主従関係の下に成立した譜代の家臣と実力を買われ登用された新参の軋轢も生まれることもあった。
• On the other hand, there were also conflicts between hereditary vassals, who held their status based on bloodline or traditional master-vassal relationships, and individuals who were newly appointed due to their abilities.

• しかし、陸軍内にも大山巌や野津道貫や上原勇作といった薩摩閥の実力者がおり、決して単純に分類できるわけではない。
• However, there were several influential persons of Satusma clique such as Iwao OYAMA, Michitsura NOZU and Yusaku UEHARA in the Army, so it's no easy to classify simply with domain clique.

• 家督相続時、既に重臣の松永久秀や三好三人衆が主家を凌駕する実力を保持していて、義継は彼らの傀儡に過ぎなかった。
• By the time he succeeded to the family, a senior vassal, Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and Miyoshi Triumvirate had already had the power which surpassed that of the head family, and so Yoshitsugu was no more than their puppet.

• 特に天文 (日本)22年（1553年）には将軍義輝を近江国朽木に追放し、三好氏は畿内の実力者として絶頂を極めた。
• Of special note is that in 1553, the Miyoshi clan expelled Shogun Yoshiteru to Kuchiki, Omi Province, and reached the zenith of its power as the virtual ruler of the areas surrounding the capital.

• ただし襲名を契機にさらなる飛躍を期待するという意味で、血縁者に実力以上の名跡を継がせるということもしばしばある。
• However, blood relatives are often permitted to inherit Myoseki name/titles even though the candidate has not attained set skill levels, in the expectation that the inheritance will spur the candidate on to further develop their artistic proficiency.

• 朝廷では実力による尊攘派の一掃を図り、八月十八日の政変で薩摩藩が会津藩と結託して長州藩や尊攘派の公家らを追放した。
• The Imperial Court planned to oust the Sonjo Group by force, and in the coup of August 18, the Satsuma clan and the Aizu clan joined forces to expel the Choshu clan as well as the court nobles of the Sonjo Group.

• しかし信雄には父・信長のような器量も実力もなく、信雄と家康の関係はどちらかというと家康のほうが優位な立場にあった。
• However, Nobuo lacked the capability and talent of Nobunaga as his father; therefore, Ieyasu was rather on the dominant position in the relationship with Nobuo.

• 多くの場合、一般民衆に混じって生活するが、場合によっては正当な権力の承継者だと称して実力者に利用されることもある。
• Though they lived among common people in most cases, they sometimes claimed to be a true heir of authority and were used by powerful people.

• 三千代は天武天皇朝から命婦として仕え、文武天皇の乳母をつとめたともされ、後宮の実力者として皇室と深い関係にあった。
• Michiyo served as Myobu (a high-ranking court lady) from the Emperor Tenmu's era, and is also said to have been the Emperor Monmu's menoto (wet nurse), having an intimate connection with the Imperial family as an influential person in the kokyu (empress's residence).

• これにより河内源氏は義忠・義綱という二人の実力者を失い、義光も暗殺事件の黒幕であることが発覚したため常陸国に逃亡。
• As a result of this incident, Kawachi-Genji lost two influential figures, Yoshitada and Yoshitsuna, while the real mastermind behind the assassination, Yoshimitsu, fled to Hitachi Province.

• しかし、信長の実力を怖れた義継の家老・若江三人衆らによる裏切りで義継は11月16日に自害し、三好氏もここに滅亡した。
• However, the Wakae Three, the chief retainers of Yoshitsugu, and others were afraid of Nobunaga's power and betrayed him, so Yoshitsugu committed suicide on December 20, and this was the end of the Miyoshi clan.

• 刈田狼藉は武士間の所領紛争に伴って発生する実力行使であり、使節遵行とは幕府の判決内容を現地で強制執行することである。
• Karitarozeki is the use of force occurring in territorial disputes between warriors, while Shisetsu Jungyo means to forcibly execute the Shogunate's decisions in the local area.

• 比企氏当主の比企能員は頼家の愛妾で嫡男源一幡を生んだ若狭局の父で、権勢を振るい幕府の実力者北条氏の脅威となっていた。
• The head of the Hiki clan Yoshikazu HIKI was a father of Wakasa no tsubone, who was Yoriie's favorite concubine and gave birth to his legitimate son MINAMOTO no Ichiman, and he was holding power and a bitter rival for the authority of the Shogunate Hojo clan.

• 荘園の所有を巡る紛争が発生しても、それを裁定しうる機関が存在しないため、実力を有する者が支配するようになったのである。
• Even if the disputes over the ownership of shoens happened, there did not exist the authority which could settle them, and thus those who had the power came to govern the shoens.

• そして実力的な裏付けの乏しい専制政治的な政策や無謀な討幕計画に対しては院の側近以外の貴族達は冷ややかな対応に終始した。
• Apart from Go-Toba-in's aides, the lords turned a cold shoulder toward Go-Toba-in because he had an arbitrary government (although he was not very talented as a leader), and he attempted incautious plans to defeat the Kamakura government.

• 関白の語は、中国前漢の宣帝 (漢)が、上奏はすべて実力者霍光が「関（あずか）り白（もう）す」ようにした故事に由来する。
• The word Kampaku has its origins in the tradition followed in early Han China where all reports to Emperor Xuan were entrusted to the powerful statesman Huo Guang.

• これを採用するなら左利きで、北辰一刀流の達人である龍馬を殺害できるだけの実力のある人物となると、斎藤一という説もある。
• If this theory is to be adopted, there is one theory popping up that Hajime SAITO was the assassin considering a person who also mastered swordsmanship well enough to kill Ryoma, a master of the Hokushin Itto-ryu style.

• そして、署長が朝鮮人に手錠をかけられようとしたとき、署員とともに的屋・博徒も署長室になだれ込み、朝鮮人を実力で排除した。
• As the police chief was about to be handcuffed by the Koreans, vendors and gamblers dashed into the station chief's room with police officers and forced the Koreans to leave.

• 朝廷は大仏が支えを失い崩れることを懸念して反対していたが、重源は、実際に修理にあたる立場を利用して実力行使したのである。
• Concerned that the Great Buddha might collapse by losing its support, the Imperial Court opposed the removal, but Chogen resorted to force, using his position to take the lead in the repair work.

• その一方で、鎌倉幕府の実力者とはいえ家柄からすれば遥かに格下の北条氏から妻を迎えるなど、武家政権との関係を強めていった。
• On the other hand, he strengthened ties with the buke government by marrying a wife from the Hojo clan, who were top administrators in the Kamakura bakufu but much lower in family class.

• 寛喜3年（1231年）7月、長男の九条教実に関白職を譲ったが、なおも朝廷の最大実力者として君臨し、従一位にまで栄進する。
• He handed the Kanpaku position to his eldest son, Norizane KUJO in July 1231, but reigned as the strongest ruler of the Imperial Court and was promoted to Juichii rank (Junior First Rank).

• 上級兵士たちは気に入らない藩師を実力をもって追い出し、自らが支持する人物を藩師に立ててこれを朝廷に認めさせるようになった。
• By force, high-ranking soldiers got rid of the hanshi they did not like, and they set up the ones they supported as their hanshi, and they made the imperial court accept it.

• そのために朝廷の所領についてはともかく、寺社・公家の所領に関しては武家は軍事的実力を背景に下地中分・返還には応じなかった。
• In response, samurai families, supported by their military power, did not accept Shitaji chubun (a physical division of the land) and refused to return territory that had originally belonged to temples, shrines and Kuge, setting aside the Imperial Court's territories.

• だが伊賀の場合、実力者である上忍三家（服部氏・百地氏・藤林氏）の発言力が強く合議を開いても彼らの意見に従うことが多かった。
• In case of Iga, however, the forcefulness of speech by powerful Jonin Miyake (Hattori clan, Momochi clan, and Fujibayashi clan) was so strong that people followed their opinion most of the time when a reunion took place.

• 「許状」は、稽古することを許可する趣旨の書面であり、実力認定の意味合いが強い「免状」「免許」「段位」などとは性格が異なる。
• The term 'kyojo (admission letter)' means a letter of admission to attend the tea ceremony lessons, which is different in nature from menjo (diploma), menkyo (license), dan-i (qualification of rank) and others that imply accreditation or authorization of a member's capability.
• Kyojo' is documentation to permit the holder to give lessons to students and is different from 'menjo (diploma),' 'menkyo (license)' or 'dan-I (rank)' which implies the recognition of the receiver's ability.
• Yurushijo' is a documentation to permit the holder to give lessons to that holder's students and is different from 'menjo (diploma),' 'menkyo (license)' or 'dan-I (rank)' which implies the recognition of the receiver's ability.

• 茲ニ新タナル書道会ヲ創立シ書道ノ健全ナル向上発展ヲ図ルト同時ニ実力本位ニヨリ新進ノ大成ヲ期シ兼テ後進ヲ誘掖センコトヨ欲ス。
• Therefore, we will establish a new calligraphic association to make calligraphy develop soundly, to make new calligraphers grow into experts based upon their own abilities and to help our followers.

• 明応2年（1493年）6月、40歳で禅鳳は初となる室町御所での演能を果たし、以後中央でもその実力を認められることとなった。
• In July 1493, when he was 40 years old, Zenpo performed the first demonstration of a Noh play in Muromachi Imperial palace and after that, he was recognized as a well-qualified actor in the center.

• だが、そうした公家社会の慣習に囚われない実力者・義満についていく方が自身と一族の将来のためにも有望であると考えたのである。
• Ariyo came to think that he would follow Yoshimitsu who had great influence and was free from the customs of the court noble society to benefit himself and his family in the future.

• 北京五輪代表の豊田陽平や東京ヴェルディのディエゴ・デ・ソウザ・ガマ・シルバ、サッカー大韓民国代表の李正秀などの実力者を獲得。
• It got competent players such as Yohei TOYODA who had been a member of the Japan U-23 national football team for the Beijing Olympic Games, Diego de SOUZA GAMA SILVA from Tokyo Verdy and Jung-Soo LEE who was a member of the Korea Republic national football team.

• 同年8月、実力者であった右大臣藤原不比等薨去に伴い知太政官事に就任、右大臣（後、左大臣）の長屋王とともに皇親政権を樹立する。
• When a powerful Minister of the Right, FUJIWARA no Fuhito, died in September of the same year, Prince Toneri was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and established the administration of the Imperial Family together with the Minister of the Right (later of the Left) Prince Nagaya.

• 頼朝は既に実力で制圧していた地域の所領の収公や御家人の賞与罰則をおこなっていたが、それは朝廷からみれば非公式なものであった。
• Yoritomo had already been confiscating shoryo that he obtained by force and giving rewards and punishments to gokenin, but that had been unofficial as far as the Imperial Court was concerned.

• こうした者は在地における実力者であり、新たな領主がその懐柔策として百姓身分ではなく、士分としての郷士に取り立てたことが多い。
• These people were influential local leaders, and there were many examples where a new feudal lord made such people goshi in the samurai class, as an appeasement policy, instead of giving them a farming rank.

• 実力者藤原師輔の三男に生まれ、天暦2年（948年）に従五位下に叙され、翌天暦3年（949年）には10歳にして昇殿を許された。
• Kaneie was born the third son of an influential person, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, was appointed to the Jugoinoge rank (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 948, and was permitted to enter the Tenjo no ma room in Seiryo-den in 949 when he was only 10 years old.

• 慶長2年（1597年）2月、和平交渉で無視された朝鮮南部割譲を実力で果たすという名目で、秀吉は14万人の軍を再び朝鮮に送った。
• In March 1597, Hideyoshi sent 140,000 troops to Korea with a pretext to achieve by force the cession of southern Korea which was ignored in the peace talks.

• 室町幕府によって保証されていた古い権威が否定され始め、新興の実力者が新しい権力階級にのし上がり領国を統治していくこととなった。
• Old authorities that had been backed up by the Muromachi bakufu began to be negated and emerging powerful persons rose to new establishment and governed territories.

• 刈田狼藉（かりたろうぜき、かったろうぜき）は、中世日本において土地の知行などを主張するために田の稲を刈り取った実力行使をいう。
• Karita-rozeki or Katta-rozeki (刈田狼藉) means to harvest rice crops illegally in order to claim chigyo (tenure) to land# in medieval Japan.

• その突出した実力と機動戦士ガンダムの登場人物 ジオン公国軍の息子であるという出自から、絶大なカリスマ性を持って人々を魅了する。
• Owing to his outstanding abilities and to the fact that he is a son of a principality of the Zeon military, a character in Mobile Suit Gundam, he has captured the hearts of many with his astonishing charisma.

• この年、政治的に対立関係にあった実力者・九条道家が失脚した事もあって、以後上皇の主導によって朝廷内の政務が行われる事になった。
• After his opposition, who was a powerful politician, Michiie KUJO lost his position, the retired Emperor took control of the politics inside the Imperial Palace.

• 小津が『秋刀魚の味』の次回作として温めていた企画『大根と人参』を監督するに至ったのも、そうした人気と実力を評価された故である。
• He came to direct 'Daikon to Ninjin' (Radishes and Carrots), which was originally planned by director Ozu as a project to follow 'Sanma no Aji' (An Autumn Afternoon), due to an appreciation for his popularity and ability.

• 当時、天台宗は九条兼実の実弟慈円が天台座主を務めて以来、九条家との密着が進み、また真言宗も朝廷の実力者である同家に靡いていた。
• At that time, since Jien, who was a real younger brother of Kanezane KUJO, assumed the position of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), the Tendai sect came to have a close connection with the Kujo family, and the Shingon sect also bent before power of the Kujo family which was the kingmaker in the imperial court.

• 長英自身才能を鼻にかけて増長する傾向があり、仲間内の評判も悪かったが、当時最高の実力の蘭学者として周囲は認めざるを得なかった。
• Because Choei tended to be swellheaded for his brilliance, he was not popular with his peers, but they recognized him as the best Dutch scholar at that time.

• 高い通行料に苦慮した京都や山城国など周辺部の民衆は度々一揆を引き起こして関所の廃止を要求して、実力で関所を破壊することもあった。
• People in Kyoto and its neighboring regions including Yamashiro Province, who suffered from the expensive tolls, often created uprsisings and demanded the abolishment of the checkpoints, sometimes demolishing the checkpoints by force.

• やがてこのような実力主義社会から地方的な公権力として戦国大名が各地に領国を形成し、限られた範囲内での「公儀」＝公権力を形成した。
• Under such society based on meritocracy, sengoku daimyo (warring lords) established their own territories at various places and formed 'kogi'(authorities) equaling the official authority effective only inside their territories.

• しかし、応仁の乱以降の戦乱において戦功を重ね、京極家中において実力を養うと主家を追い戦国大名化し、やがて守護の格式を手中にした。
• However, in the battles after the Onin War, they gave distinguished service and within the Kyogoku family cultivated their power and overcame the main family to become feudal daimyo, eventually achieving the status of Shugo.

• ところが澄元は若年だったため、家宰であった三好之長の実力が逆に大きくなり始め、澄元は之長と対立して一時は阿波に帰国しようとした。
• But Sumimoto's youth meant that his right hand man, Yukinaga MIYOSHI, in fact became more powerful, and this made him temporarily think about returning to Awa.

• 各地の大名は、伝来当初こそこの新兵器の実力を疑問視したが、合戦でその効果が証明されるとこぞって買い求め、自国での量産化に奔走した。
• At first, every daimyo doubted the real power of this new weapon, but as the effectiveness was confirmed through battles, they bought them and made every effort to mass-produce them in their respective territories.

• 更に鎌倉時代の宮廷の実力者西園寺公衡や室町時代の伏見宮貞成親王、戦国時代_(日本)の山科言継の日記にも盤双六の記録が残されている。
• Moreover, in the journals of Kinhira SAIONJI, who was an influential person in the Kamakura period, Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa in the Muromachi period, and Tokitsugu YAMASHINA in the Sengoku Period (period of warring states) the board Sugoroku was also described.

• （如水は信長の実力を認めながらも、信長に仕えても軍師として活躍の場が与えられないと考え、あえて秀吉を選んだという説が有力である。）
• (It is commonly thought that Josui daringly chose Hideyoshi in spite of admitting the ability of Nobunaga because he could not get an opportunity to show his ability as a strategist under Nobunaga.)

• 藤原氏をはじめとして名家の子弟や家長などは、一定の年齢に達すると、その実力とは別に、自動的に官位が与えられるのが慣習となっていた。
• At that time, there was a custom where family heads or sons of prestigious families, including the Fujiwara family, were automatically given official ranks, regardless of their ability, when they reached a certain age.

• 将棋は棋譜が残っており、（もし棋譜が純粋に徳川家治自身の実力のみで指されたと仮定すれば）現在のアマ高段者レベルだったと推定される。
• His Kifu (record of a game of shogi) of Shogi (Japanese Chess) has been preserved, which indicates that his level is estimated on the same level as the present amateur high-ranking shogi player (assuming that the Kifu recorded the games played by the real ability of Ieharu TOKUGAWA himself).

• 後に将門の許で興世王と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは常陸介に任命されている事から将門の側近の実力者の一人であったと考えられている。
• He is considered to have been one of powerful close associates of Masakado, based on the fact that he later issued, with Prince Okiyo, their original appointment order under Masakado, appointing himself as Assistant Governor of Hitachi Province.

• 本家筋にあたる玄武館道場が千葉道三郎の代になって衰退した例もあり、幕末期は師範の実力が道場の盛衰に直結する時代であったと推測さる。
• There is an example that Genbukan-dojo which was run by the head family of Chiba declined after Michisaburo CHIBA took it over, thus, it is thought that the grand master's ability decided the fate of dojo at the end of the Edo period.

• 中世後半になると、社会が不安定となり、境相論などを訴訟によらず実力によって解決（自力救済）しようとする故戦防戦が頻発するようになる。
• In the late medieval period, as the nation became unsettled, kosen bosen (offensive and defensive war) broke out frequently to resolve disputes over the boundaries of territories or the like by force (self-help) instead of by bringing them into court.

• しかし、実際には議政官上局の実力者が行政各官の責任者を兼ねたり、刑法官が行政官の監督下にあったりして権力分立は不十分なものであった。
• In reality, however, influential members in Jokyoku (a law-making body) of Giseikan held concurrently a responsible position of Gyoseikan and Keihokan were put under the supervision of Gyoseikan; thus the separation of powers was not performed properly.

• 実力がありながら小柄な身体と甲高い声が欠点だったが、所作事にかけては名人と呼ばれ、「西の林又一郎、東の坂東三津五郎」と並び称された。
• His small frame and high-pitched voice were weaknesses, but due to his great talent he is considered to have been a master of all that he undertook; in fact, he is referred to as 'Mataichiro HAYASHI II of the west and Mitsugoro BANDO of the east.'

• 1333年（元弘3年）に始まる後醍醐の建武の新政は数年で失敗に至り、当時最大の実力者だった足利尊氏が幕府政権を樹立することとなった。
• The Kenmu Restoration started by Emperor Godaigo in 1333, ended in just a few years, the person in power at that time, Takauji ASHIKAGA was to open the bakufu (the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)).

• 当初は苦戦するも、その後は連勝を重ねて実力で越前一国をほぼ手中に収め（下記「戦歴」参照）、斯波氏に代わり、越前国の守護に任じられる。
• He initially had a tough time, but then won consecutive victories, gaining control of the entire Echizen Province on his own (refer to 'Military career' below), and was appointed to military governor of Echizen Province in the place of the Shiba clan.

• 続く文久の改革によって銃術・砲術を修めた旗本たちの中から実力主義によって士官が選抜されるなどの急速な軍制改革が行われるようになった。
• In the following Bunkyu Reforms (reforms in the Bunkyu era [1861 - 1864]), the military system was reformed rapidly: For example, military officers were selected among the hatamoto who had completed the training of rifle shooting and gunnery, based on their competence.

• 秀哉には自身の経験から実力第一位のものに本因坊の名を継がせたいという強い思いがあり、本因坊位の世襲制廃止に踏み切ったものと言われる。
• From his own bitter experience, Shusai strongly wished to give the Honinbo Title to the strongest, so presumably, he decided to abolish Honinbo's hereditary succession system.

• これにより将軍家内部で実力者がいなくなると、山名宗全は12月、追放されていた畠山義就を上洛させ、義政に仲介して赦免の許しを出させた。
• In December, when the powerful figure disappeared from the shogun family, Sozen YAMANA ordered Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA, who had once been an outcast, to enter Kyoto; moreover, he ordered that he be granted a pardon through Yoshimasa.

• 発足させた調査委員会には高橋三吉、阿部信行、永井柳太郎、末次信正、大谷光瑞、野村吉三郎ら政界、軍部の長老、最高実力者がずらり並んだ。
• The investigation committee which was set up for the plan included a lot of the elder leaders and influential persons in the political world and the military, such as Sankichi TAKAHASHI, Nobuyuki ABE, Ryutaro NAGAI, Nobumasa SUETSUGU, Kozui OTANI, Kichisaburo NOMURA, and so on.

• また、激派の中には返納派が密かに幕府へ勅書を渡してしまうのではないかと疑い、脱藩して実力行使にて幕府返納を阻止しようと考える者もいた。
• Some of the extremists thought that the conservatives may secretly give the chokusho to the bakufu, and tried to leave the domain and resort to violence to stop it.

• その門下の桂文之助（のち曽呂利新左衛門）、桂文都（のち月亭文都）、桂文三（のち2代目桂文枝）、桂文團治初代も人気・実力ともに高かった。
• His four pupils, Bunnosuke KATSURA (later Shinzaemon SORORI), Bunto KATSURA (later Bunto TSUKITEI) and Bunzo KATSURA (later Bunshi KATSURA II), and Bundanji KATSURA I, were also hugely popular and gifted.

• また、政界の実力者・藤原基経も忠臣の漢詩をこよなく愛し、藤原敏行に命じて忠臣の漢詩500首を屏風を作らせて自宅に飾ったと言われている。
• It is said that FUJIWARA no Mototsune, an influential person in the political world, loved Tadaomi's Chinese poems so much he ordered FUJIWARA no Toshiyuki to make folding screens on which 500 of Tadaomi's Chinese poems were written, and placed them in his residence.

• 当時、戦乱に明け暮れた日本国内（特に畿内周辺）において、越前は朝倉氏の実力の内に（周辺諸国と比較して、ではあるが）比較的平穏であった。
• At that time, Echizen Province was relatively calm (compared with neighbouring provinces) under the control of the Asakura clan even though Japan (especially around Kinai region) was in a constant state of civil war.

• なお、これとは別に中世の前期の頃までは、他者に対して実力による制裁権を行使できる者を公卿クラスを含めて「武士」と言い表す呼称も存在した。
• And apart from this, until the early medieval times, those who could have the right of enforcing sanctions to others on their merits, including the kugyo (the top court officials) class, were called 'bushi.'

• 彼らは領国の阿波国を始め、讃岐国、淡路国、摂津国、和泉国、河内国、山城国、丹波国、大和国などを実力で支配し、それぞれ腹心をして支配した。
• They controlled, in addition to their territory, the Awa Province, the Sanuki Province, the Awaji Province, the Settsu Province, the Izumi Province, the Kawachi Province, the Yamashiro Province, the Tanba Province and the Yamato Province with raw power through their trusted retainers.

• 本郷和人は、頼朝は本宣旨によって権限や優越的地位を得たのではなく、既に実力で獲得していたものに宣旨の追認を受けたのではないかとしている。
• Yoritomo did not acquire authority or superior social position by this decree but acquired ratification by the decree for what he had already earned through his ability, according to Kazuto HONGO.

• 手がけた酒の評判が高まれば、どんどん恵まれた環境への引き抜きがあるが、失敗すれば翌年の契約はされないという厳しい実力主義の世界であった。
• The world of toji was a meritocratic society in which a toji could have many offers of other job opportunities with better environment if his sake gained a good reputation, but his contract for the following year would be canceled if he failed in making good sake.

• 通常、戦の有無にかかわらず、クーデターという実力行使によって家督が移った場合、前代当主の家中における発言力は皆無になることが通例である。
• In general, whether or not a fight have taken place, the influence of the former head is completely lost in the family when the position is forcibly transferred in a coup.

• この頃、鎌倉幕府内では執権北条時宗の公文所執事（内管領）であった平頼綱と御家人の実力者であり幕府の重臣であった安達泰盛の争いが激化した。
• At the time, conflict between TAIRA no Yoritsuna who was Kumonjo Shitsuji (a steward of administration office) for the regent Tokimune HOJO in the Kamakura bakufu and Yasumori ADACHI who was the influential shogunal retainer and a chief vassal of the bakufu became intensified.

• この頃、秀栄の後継候補は雁金と5歳年長の田村保寿で、実力は田村が上であったが、秀栄は田村の性格を嫌っており、跡目を決めることはなかった。
• In those days, the possible candidates of Shuei were Karigane and Yasuhisa TAMURA, who was five years older and a better player than Karigane; however, Shuei did not decide his successor because he did not like Tamura's character.

• 澄元の死で敵対者がいなくなった高国であるが、元々実力者である大内義興の力を背景にした政権であったことからその政権基盤は脆弱なものであった。
• Although Takakuni did not have an enemy due to the death of Sumimoto, because the government was originally backed up by the strong man Yoshioki OUCHI, the basis of the government was very weak.

• この背景には、当時の梅若一門が実力拮抗する三人（五十四世梅若六郎、梅若万三郎、六世観世鐵之丞）によって指導されていた(という事情がある)。
• There was a context in which the Umewaka group at that time was led by three masters, namely, the 54th Rokuro UMEWAKA, Manzaburo UMEWAKA, and the sixth Tetsunojo KANZE, who competed in Noh play with each other.

• 島田裕巳「創価学会とは何か」（加筆訂正の上、『創価学会』新潮新書、『創価学会の実力』朝日新聞社、『民族化する創価学会』講談社として書籍化）
• Hiromi SHIMADA 'What is Soka Gakkai?' (After being retouched and corrected, it was published as books such as 'Soka Gakkai' by Shincho New Book, 'Ability of Soka Gakkai' by Asahi Shimbun, and 'Soka Gakkai that becomes a race' by Kodansha).

• 西園寺は、後任の陸相について陸軍の実力者山縣有朋にも相談したが、山県が後任の陸相を出す気がないことを察すると、機先を制して内閣総辞職した。
• Saionji consulted with Aritomo YAMAGATA, who was an influential figure in the Army, about the succeeding Army officer, but once he figured out that Yamagata had no intention of recommending a succeeding Army officer Saionji took the preemptive measure of having all the cabinet members resign.

• ただ図面が描かれているだけで家忠が指したかどうかは定かでないが、増川宏一によれば対局者は相当弱い棋力であり、実力は級位者程度であろうという。
• However, the illustration is a mere depiction of the game, and it is not certain as to whether or not Ietada actually played shogi; according to Koichi MASUKAWA, the shogi skill of the opposing sides would be considered fairly low, that of a novice.

• 平治元年（1159年）12月9日、父義朝は後白河上皇の寵臣藤原信頼と結んでクーデターを起こし、当時の朝廷の実力者藤原信西を殺害して京を占拠。
• On January 26, 1160 (December 9, 1159 in old lunar calendar), his father Yoshitomo succeeded in carrying out a coup d'etat in collaboration with FUJIWARA no Nobuyori, the favorite retainer of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and occupied Kyo (Kyoto) after killing FUJIWARA no Shinzei, who had taken control of the Imperial Court at that time.

• 祖父の藤原師輔は村上天皇の治世を右大臣として支えた実力者で、娘の中宮藤原安子が後の冷泉天皇、円融天皇を生んだことで外戚として立場を強化した。
• His grandfather, FUJIWARA no Morosuke, was an influential figure who supported Emperor Murakami's reign as Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and when his daughter, Empress FUJIWARA no Anshi/Yasuiko, gave birth to Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu he strengthened his position as a maternal relative of the Imperial Family.

• 嘉禄元年（1225年）、幕府の陰の実力者であった北条政子が死去したため、翌年1月に鎌倉に下向していた子の頼経は正式に征夷大将軍に任命される。
• Since Masako HOJO who was the pulling the strings of the bakufu, passed away in 1225, his son, Yoritsune, who was in Kamakura since last January, was officially assigned to be seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

• ところが、越訴・直訴に際して徒党を組んだり、徒党によって一揆や強訴などの実力行使に及んだ場合はそちらの方が罪が重く、その指導者は極刑にされた。
• However, forming a faction for osso/jikiso or the faction's resort to force such as ikki or goso were regarded as a more serious crime and their leaders were given a capital punishment.

• 加えて政友会の実力者であった逓信大臣星亨が汚職で辞職に追い込まれると、未だに融和が進んでいなかった伊藤系官僚と旧憲政党系の意見対立が露呈する。
• In addition, after the influential person in the Seiyu Party and Minister of Communication, Toru HOSHI was forced to resign due to corruption, the conflict of opinions between government officials from ITO group and former Constitutional Party group not harmonized each other yet was revealed.

• 応仁の乱は将軍や守護大名の没落を促進し、守護代であった朝倉孝景が守護大名の地位を得たことに象徴されるように、真の実力者の身分上昇をもたらした。
• The Onin War served to accelerate the downfall of Shoguns and shugo daimyos and to raise the status of true strongmen, as symbolized by the acquisition by Takakage ASAKURA, who had been a deputy shugo, of the rank of shugo daimyo.

• 祖父・簗田高助は家中の親北条派の中心として、晴氏の後添えの正室に北条氏綱の娘・芳春院 (曖昧さ回避)を迎え入れるように尽力した実力者であった。
• His grandfather Takasuke YANADA was the key figure in pro-Hojo group in the family, who worked hard to welcome a daughter of Ujitsuna HOJO, Hoshunin (disambiguation) as Haruuji's second lawful wife.

• つまり、百姓身分の者が一揆を結成して政権に異議申し立てをする物理的実力たる惣村を武装解除し、一揆の結成そのものを抑止しようとしたというのである。
• In other words, with katanagari policy, the government sought to directly deter the peasants from forming ikki by disarming the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) which would otherwise have the physical power to have peasants form an ikki league and revolt against the government.

• そして、その多くは京の貴族の縁者である私営田経営者と、郡司層と国衙の利害対立、あるいは私営田経営者同士の対立は往々にして実力行使として爆発する。
• In addition, many of those conflicts that occurred between shieiden managers related to aristocrats of Kyoto and the classes of gunji (district managers), kokuga (provincial government offices), or amongst managers of shieiden themselves that occasionally exploded and used of military force.

• 良港の有無・鉱山の有無・江戸までの参勤交代の距離、商業の発達に伴う税の徴収などを総合的に判断しないと、諸藩の実際の実力は、把握できないと云える。
• It can be said that in order to understand the actual power of domains, comprehensive judgment is required based on whether there are good ports or mines, the distance of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), tax collection according to the development of commerce, and so on.

• 現在では転じて、主に駅伝や長距離走などのスポーツにおいて、山岳区間で飛びぬけた実力を発揮する人物に対して比喩的に「山の神」と表現する場合がある。
• Today, 'Yamanokami' can be used as a figurative expression in sports referring to a person who shows an extraordinary ability in mountain stages at ekiden or long-distance races.

• それに対して家康は、三河と遠江国の二ヶ国だけを支配する小大名でしかなく、もはや家康の力など必要としなくても信長には天下を統べる実力を保持していた。
• While Ieyasu was only a small daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who ruled only two provinces of Mikawa and Totomi Provinces, Nobunaga no longer needed power of Ieyasu as he already had the power to rule the entire Japan.

• 石代納減免を求める1874年の山形県ワッパ一揆や入会地の官有地編入に抗議して3万人が実力行使に及んだ1881年の群馬県入会地騒擾なども著名である。
• There are famous revolts such as Wappa revolt in Yamagata Prefecture in 1874, seeking for the reduction or exemption of kokudaino; and a civil disorder concerning iriaichi in Gunma Prefecture in 1881, where thirty thousand people chose the employment of force to resist the designation of iriaichi as national land.

• 香盤制度・真打制度は完全な実力主義でもないので、“急激に売れた人”“若い時から売れっ子になった人”に対する処遇が難しいというのも理由の一つである。
• The koban system and shinuchi system are not perfectly based on ability, so another reason is that it is difficult to handle 'one who has become suddenly popular' or 'one who has been popular since his young days.'

• 一世源氏の尊貴な身分であり、学問に優れ朝儀に通じており、また実力者藤原師輔、その娘の中宮藤原安子の後援も得て朝廷で重んじられ、左大臣にまで進んだ。
• MINAMOTO no Takaakira was also known as Issei Genji (Emperor's son who went out of Imperial family and had Genji name), a noble personage who excelled as a scholar at the chogi (Imperial court ceremony) and was highly respected at court through the patronage of the capable FUJIWARA no Morosuke and his daughter, FUJIWARA no Anshi, the wife of an Imperial Prince, and advanced to the post of Minister of the Left.

• 朝廷の実力者でかつ高明と同じく故実に通じた藤原師輔の三女を妻とし、この妻が没すると五女の愛宮を娶って友好関係を結び、師輔は高明の後援者となっていた。
• He took as his wife the third daughter of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, who had power in the Imperial Court and also excelled at the ancient customs; after her death, he married Morosuke's fifth daughter, Aimiya, further cementing their alliance and establishing Morosuke as Takaakira's supporter.

• 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
• According to 'Nihonshoki,' it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.

• 入社試験に際しては、親しい間柄であった田中絹代に紹介を頼んだが、「映画界は実力がなければ通用しない」と諭され、田中の縁者であることを隠し通したという。
• Although he asked Kinuyo TANAKA, his second cousin, to recommend him for the employment exam, she advised him that 'nobody can survive in the movie industry without talent,' and he kept hiding the fact that he was related to Tanaka.

• しかし若狭武田氏では家督抗争や重臣の権力争いなどから、上洛できるだけの実力は無く、9月には越前国の朝倉義景のもとへ亡命し、将軍家再興の助力を要請した。
• But the Wakasa TAKEDA clan did not have enough power to go up to Kyoto because of troubles over inheritance, conflicts between elder statesmen and so on, so Yoshiaki fled to Yoshikage ASAKURA of Echizen Province in September and asked him to help restore the Shogunate.

• 義政は、守護大名を統率する覇気に乏しく、もっぱら茶・作庭・猿楽などに没頭し、幕政は実力者の管領家の勝元・四職家の宗全、正室の日野富子らに左右されていた。
• As Yoshimasa lacked dynamism to lead shugo daimyos and immersed himself solely in tea ceremony, gardening and sarugaku plays, the actual steering of the Bakufu was in the hands of strongmen including Katsumoto of the deputy family, Sozen of one of Shishoku ke (four families appointed to deputy directorship of the Board of Retainers) and Yoshimasa's legitimate wife Tomiko HINO.

• 直政は武力と政治的手腕の両方ともにかなりの実力を有していたにもかかわらず、後世にその名があまりしられていない（かと言って、全く無名というわけでもない）。
• Despite his great ability in both military and political matters, Naomasa didn't earn his place in history (that is not to say he is completely unheard-of).

• 雅信が望むように倫子が宮中に入って子供を生むよりも、（実力者の息子である）道長の出世の方がまだ可能性があると主張して、強引に倫子を道長に嫁がせてしまった。
• Bokushi insisted that promotion of Michinaga had a better chance than Rinshi's entering in the royal family and giving birth to a child as Masanobu desired and made Rinshi marry Michinaga.

• これは、今川氏は既に室町幕府の権威によって領国を統治する守護大名ではなく、自らの実力によって領国を統治する戦国大名であることを明確に宣言したものでもあった。
• This was also clear declaration by the Imagawa clan that he was no longer the shugo daimyo who ruled his territory backed by the authority of the Muromachi bakufu, but the Sengoku daimyo who ruled his own territory with his own capability.

• しかし、譜代の家臣ではなくとも家中（かちゅう）で実力を認められて家老に準ずる地位に登用されるものもおり、彼らを家老格・家老並・家老列などと呼ぶこともあった。
• However, even people who were not Fudai retainers were sometimes appointed to a post equivalent to Karo due to their abilities, and were called Karo-kaku, Karo-nami, or Karo-retsu.

• ところが、寛正6年（1465年）に富子に実子（後の足利義尚）が誕生すると、富子は義尚への将軍後継を望み、政権の実力者であった山名持豊（宗全）に協力を頼んだ。
• However, after Tomiko gave birth to a child (later Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA) in 1465 she expressed her desire for Yoshihisa to be the heir to the Shogun, so she asked Mochitoyo (Sozen) YAMANA for his support, because he had the true political clout.

• 当時の実力者藤原道長もその書道を重んじ、行成が『往生要集』を道長から借りた際には「原本は差し上げるので、あなたが写本したものを戴けないか」と言われたという。
• Even FUJIWARA no Michinaga, who held power at that time, valued his calligraphy, and when Yukinari borrowed 'Ojoyoshu' from Michinaga, he said, 'I give you this original book. I would like to have your manuscript of this book instead.'

• 文久2年に秀策が死去し、門下実力第一の秀甫が後継と見られていたが、文久3年に本因坊丈和未亡人・勢子の抗議により秀和の長男で14歳の本因坊秀悦が跡目とされる。
• When Shusaku died in 1862, most people thought that Shuho would succeed him because he was the best among the Hoinbo disciples, but the widow of Honinbo Jowa, Seiko, strongly objected it and 14-year-old Honinbo Shuetsu, Shuwa's first son, became the heir in 1863.

• 初雫より心白発現率が高く、2003年、この品種を100%使用した完成酒が全国新酒鑑評会で金賞を受賞するにいたり、本州産の酒米と対等にわたりあえる実力を示した。
• It has a higher shinpaku manifestation rate than that of Hatsushizuku, and in 2003 a kanseishu produced exclusively with this variety was awarded a gold prize in Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, thus evidencing its ability to compete with sakamai produced in mainland Japan on an equivalent basis.

• 持為は、冷泉家の当主にはならなかったが、その実力を足利氏から認められ、独立した一家をもうけることが許され、兄の冷泉家とは別に同じ冷泉家を名乗ることも許された。
• Although Mochitame was not by right the head of the family, his ability was recognized by the Ashikaga clan and he was permitted to set up an independent family, separate from the Reizei family headed by his elder brother, but under the same Reizei name.

• 村上天皇のもとの実力者右大臣師輔の長男で、妹の中宮藤原安子が生んだ冷泉天皇、円融天皇が即位すると栄達し、摂政太政大臣にまで上り詰めるが、その翌年に早死にした。
• Koretada was the eldest son of Morosuke, who held the title of Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and served under Emperor Murakami, and when Emperors Reizei and Enyu, who were the sons of Koretada's younger sister FUJIWARA no Anshi, who held the title of Chugu (Empress), ascended to the throne, he succeeded as well and became Sessho Daijo-daijin (Regent and the Grand Minister), but died early in the following year.

• 九条家のブレーンとしての実力は、天皇五代に渡って侍読を務めていたことからも証明できるものと考えられ、同じ時期に九条家に仕えた藤原定家からも高く評価されている。
• It is considered that his ability as the brains behind the Kujo family can be proven by the fact that he served Jidoku for five generations of Emperors, also FUJIWARA no Sadaie who served the Kujo family during the same period regarded his ability very highly.

• 実際に初代衆議院議長の中島信行は海援隊以来の親友であり、またかつて部下であった立憲自由党の実力者星亨とは終生親交が厚く、このつながりが議会対策に役立っている。
• In fact, Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA, the first chairman of the House of Representatives, was Mutsu's close friend since the time of Kaientai, and Mutsu also kept through his lifetime a close friendship with Toru HOSHI, a kingmaker in Rikken Jiyuto (a political party) who was also Mutsu's subordinate once; such connections helped Mutsu in his parliamentary affairs.

• 平氏一門は保元の乱の結果、清盛が播磨守、平頼盛が安芸守、平教盛が淡路守、平経盛が常陸介となり兄弟で四ヶ国の受領を占めるなど、その実力は無視できないものがあった。
• The end result of the Hogen Rebellion was favorable to the Taira clan, with Kiyomori made governor of Harima Province and TAIRA no Yorimori governor of Aki Province, TAIRA no Norimori governor of Awaji Province, and TAIRA no Tsunemori assistant governor of Hitachi Province; the Taira's power and influence, what with a single set of brothers now controlling four provinces, could no longer be ignored.

• 権官と正規の官のあいだで、例えば、大納言と権大納言を較べると、両者ともに同格の権力を有した場合と、一方は実力を持つが、他方は名前だけの官職であった例などがある。
• When we compare gonkan and regular posts, taking the example of Dainagon (chief council of state) and Gon Dainagon (provisional chief council of state), there were cases where both had the same authority as well as cases where one had authority while the other was a nominal post.

• その翌日、三成が実力行使に出て兵に屋敷を囲ませると、ガラシャは家老の小笠原秀清（少斎）に槍で部屋の外から胸を貫かせて死んだ（キリスト教では自殺は大罪であるため）。
• The next day, when Mitsunari resorted to force by having soldiers surround the residence, Garasha got the chief retainer, Hidekiyo (Shosai) OGASAWARA, to pierce her chest with lance from outside the room (this is because in Christianity, committing suicide is a mortal sin).

• 同時期、李鴻章や劉坤一、栄禄といった清朝の実力者が次々と死去するという「幸運」もあって、清朝一の精鋭部隊を率いる袁世凱は、それを政治資本として有効に活用していった。
• At the same time, Yuan Shikai enjoyed 'good fortune' with the consecutive deaths of powerful people of the Qing dynasty such as Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi, and Ronglu, so Shikai, who led the Qing dynasty's only elite troops, used this effectively as a political tool.

• 渡来人の高い生産性に支えられた葛城氏の実力は極めて巨大で、大王家のそれと肩を並べるほどであり、両者の微妙なバランスの上に、当時のヤマト政権が成立していたのであろう。
• The Katsuraki clan, supported by the high productivity of immigrant workers, was so powerful that it was as strong as the Okimi family; it is thought that the Yamato regime exsited in a delicate balance between the two families.

• しかし、黒田長政の仲介により当時秀吉に次ぐ実力者であった徳川家康と出会った宗厳は、家康の前で「無刀取り」を披露したことにより、兵法指南役に迎えたいと申し出を受ける。
• However, by the arrangement of Nagamasa KURODA, Munetoshi met Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who was the most powerful samurai next to Hideyoshi at that time, and in front of Ieyasu, he performed 'Muto-dori' (seizing opponent's sword without his own sword), and as a result, he was offered the position of the instructor of Heiho (art of warfare).

• 一度臣籍降下し、源氏の姓を賜って源定省を称したが、後に実力者の関白藤原基経の後押しで887年（仁和3年）8月25日に皇族に復帰し、翌8月26日に皇太子に立てられる。
• Although he once left the Imperial Family and was granted the surname of Genji and called MINAMOTO no Sadami, he returned to the Imperial Family on August 29, 887 with the help of Kampaku, chief adviser to the Emperor, FUJIWARA no Mototsune, and became a prince on August 30, 888.

• 高砂屋こそ、新駒屋（中村魁車、戦災で死亡）とともに関西歌舞伎を支えてきた名女形であり、関東の好劇家のなかでその実力の高さが密かに話題になっていた名優だったのである。
• Along with Shinkomaya (Kaisha NAKAMURA, killed in an air-raid), Takasagoya was a great onnagata who had supported Kansai kabuki, and he was famous for his excellent skills among kabuki fans in Kanto.

• 元老としても重きをなし、陸軍では山縣有朋と並ぶ大実力者となったが、政治的野心や権力欲は乏しく、元老の中では西郷従道と並んで総理候補に擬せられることを終始避け続けた。
• He was highly esteemed as the elder statesman and became a person of great influence in the army as well as Aritomo YAMAGATA, but lacked in political ambitions and a desire for power, and thereby kept declining to be a candidate of the prime minister together with Tsugumichi SAIGO.

• その献上対象も令制国を治める守護大名をはじめとして、朝廷や幕府、守護に影響のある実力者、公家や守護代、奉行衆などの実際の行政・訴訟実務の担当官吏にまで広がっていった。
• The targets for the reisen also widely ranged from Shugo daimyo ruling the ryoseikoku (province), the Imperial Court, the bakufu, powerful figures having influence over Shugo (provincial constable), Court nobles, Shugodai (deputy of Shugo), even to government officials in charge of actual administrative and legal practices such as the bugyoshu (group of magistrates).

• 天平宝字8年（764年）、孝謙上皇と対立した最高実力者・藤原仲麻呂が反乱を起こす（藤原仲麻呂の乱）と上皇は仲麻呂の専制に不満を持つ貴族たちを結集して仲麻呂を滅ばした。
• FUJIWARA no Nakamaro, who was the most influential figure in the world of politics, came into collision with the Retired Empress Koken and in 764 he raised a rebellion (Rebellion of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro); thereupon the Retired Empress gathered the court nobles who had discontent in the autocracy of Nakamaro and destroyed him.

• だが、この頃の朝廷では関東申次である祖父の公経が道家を上回る実力を持っていたこともあって、後嵯峨天皇が即位した1242年には公経の推薦で関白に任じられるまでに至った。
• But, his grandfather, Kintsune who was a Kanto moshitsugi (a liaison with the east), held greater power than Michiie, thus he was assigned to serve as a Kanpaku (a chief advisor to the Emperor) at Kintsune's recommendation in 1242 when Emperor Gosaga ascended the throne.

• しかし、推古天皇の皇太子かつ摂政として、知られる数々の業績を上げた聖徳太子は、『日本書紀』編纂当時の実力者であった、藤原不比等らの創作であり、架空の存在であるとする。
• However, Oyama insists that the figure of Shotoku Taishi, who achieved various well known things as Prince Regent during the reign of Empress Suiko, was a fictitious character created by FUJIWARA no Fuhito, an influential man during the period when 'Nihonshoki' was compiled.

• 経済の急成長に伴い大量に発生した新興地主や新興商人が紛争の絶えない時代に開墾や内外の通商を通じて発展し、自らの実力に相応しい発言力を社会に対して要求した時代でもあった。
• It was also a period in which emerging landlords and merchants grew in a large number along with the quick growth of the economy developed through land reclamation and trading in the period in which quarrels last and required a voice that corresponded to the raw power of society.

• またこの時代、京都出兵や将軍家との付き合い、朝倉の実力に対する将軍家からの厚遇を含め、朝倉氏はその軍事力だけでなく（特に畿内方面に於いて）社会的地位をも向上させていった。
• Also, during that time, the Asakura clan improved not only its military power but also its social status because of accomplishments such as dispatching soldiers to Kyoto, making contact with the Shogun family, and receiving hospitable treatment from them, all evidence of their real power.

• 民権派の一部にはそれに対抗する形で'「真に善美なる国会」を開設するには、圧制政府を実力で転覆することもやむなし'という考えから急進化する者も出始め、各地で対立が起きていた。
• Some minken (democratic rights) activists, against the suppression of the government, began to change into radicals urged by an idea that they could not avoid use of force in overthrowing the repressive government in order to establish a 'truly superb Diet', which caused confrontations to occur in various places.

• 孔丘（孔子、紀元前551年‐紀元前479年）は実力主義が横行し身分制秩序が解体されつつあった周末、魯国に生まれ、周初への復古を理想として身分制秩序の再編と仁道政治を掲げた。
• Kokyu (Koshi, 551 B.C. - 479 B.C.) was born in Lu at the end of the Zhou period when the merit system was widespread and public order based upon social status was beginning to collapse, and he advocated the reorganization of public order based upon social status and politics of humanity, ideally returning to the beginning of the Zhou period.

• 逆に尊攘派は吉田稔麿・北添佶摩・宮部鼎蔵・大高又次郎・石川潤次郎・杉山松助・松田重助らの実力者が戦死し、大打撃を受ける（彼らは後の新政府により俗に「殉難七士」と呼ばれる）。
• The 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' faction, on the other hand, took a big blow with the deaths of such important activists as Toshimaro YOSHIDA, Kichima KITAZOE, Teizo MIYABE, Matajiro OTAKA, Junjiro ISHIKAWA, Matsusuke SUGIYAMA and Jusuke MATSUDA. (They were later called the 'Seven Martyrs' by the new government.)

• だが、作業が芳しくなかった事から村上天皇の天暦8年（954年）に、時の最高実力者藤原実頼を総裁とし大江朝綱を別当として朱雀天皇時代の追加を命じるとともに作業の促進を図った。
• Because so little progress had been made on the work during the reign of Emperor Murakami in 954, the most powerful person at that time, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, was appointed as its president and OE no Asatsuna was appointed as superintendent, and they were ordered to add Emperor Suzaku's reign while they tried to accelerate the progress of the work.

• ただ、後の江戸時代よりも主従関係が未だルーズであり、待遇に不満があれば主君を見限って自ら致仕して牢人となり、実力次第でよりよい待遇を求めて別の大名家に仕官する者たちもいた。
• However, since the master-servant relationship was a loosing one, compared with the later Edo period, it was possible that a samurai dissatisfied with his status would abandon his master and became 牢人 at his own discretion, and depending upon his ability, seeking better treatment, it was also possible to find a position in another daimyo family.

• その美濃における延暦寺領荘園との争いで僧侶が死亡したことから、比叡山側は義綱の配流を要求して強訴に及ぶが、関白藤原師通は大和源氏の源頼治と義綱に命じてそれを実力で撃退する。
• Following the deaths of some monks in the battle with the Enryaku-ji Temple over its territory in Mino, the side of Mount Hiei petitioned for Yoshitsuna's exile, but Kanpaku FUJIWARA no Moromichi ordered MINAMOTO no Yoriharu and Yoshitsuna to deal with them with force.

• そのため、アマチュアでありながらネット上で多数のファンを獲得し、その実力を買われてゲーム原画師や漫画家、イラストレーターとして採用される、逆転現象といえる事例も多く発生した。
• Consequently, there have been many cases of a so-called opposite phenomenon whereby some amateurs are appreciated and engaged as video game lead animators, cartoonists, or as illustrators, according to the reality that they have obtained a large number of fans through websites.

• 平治の乱における功績や、院政派の実力者信西の死去により、乱後天皇親政派は一時的に権勢を得るが、かねてより対立関係にあった後白河上皇によって次第に政治生命を狙われることとなる。
• Due to the achievements in the Heiji War and the death of Shinzei, who was the influential person in the faction supporting the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, the faction supporting the Emperor temporarily gained power after the War; however, Korekata was gradually removed from political life by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa who was opposed to Korekata.

• 大御所時代には武士のみならず僧・商人・学者、更には英国人・ウィリアム・アダムス（武士として知行を与えたのは家康のみ）と実力も考慮して登用し、江戸幕府の基礎を作り上げていった。
• In his Ogosho era, he employed, based on competence, priests, merchants and scholars in addition to samurai, and furthermore, William Adams, an Englishman (it was only Ieyasu who gave a foreigner a territory as a samurai), to establish the base of the Edo bakufu.

• 仁平3年（1153年）忠盛が没したとき、藤原頼長は「数国の吏を経、富巨万を累ね、奴僕国に満ち、武威人にすぐ」（『宇槐記抄』）と評したが、これは平氏の実力の大きさを物語っている。
• When Tadamori died in 1153, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga said of him 'he governed several provinces, gained riches, obtained followers and was full of military prowess' ('Ukaikisho'), and this indicates the greatness of the Taira clan.

• ところが、その主たる面積を占めていた加賀国の旧大伴家持没官領が、藤原種継暗殺事件関係者の名誉回復に伴い、当時の官界の実力者伴善男の要求で伴氏（旧大伴氏）に返還されることとなった。
• However, after people involved in the assassination of FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu recovered their impaired reputation, confiscated territory of late Yakamochi OTOMO located in the Kaga Province, which accounted for the large portion of kangakuden, was returned to the Tomo clan (old Otomo clan) at the request of the then powerful figure in the bureaucracy TOMO no Yoshio.

• 内容の省略にかんしては、乱終結後、清原武則が神業と評判の義家の弓の腕前を見たがり、それに応えて義家が鎧３領を打ち抜くという実力を見せつけるという印象的なエピソードを省略している。
• An example of omitted content is an impressive event in which after the end of the war, Takenori KIYOHARA wished to see Yoshiie's reputed superhuman archery skill, in response to which Yoshiie is said to have demonstrated his ability by shooting an arrow through three layers of armor.

• 父である安倍晴明や兄とされる安倍吉平のように伝説や逸話は見当たらないが、陰陽寮のトップである陰陽頭に任ぜられている事から、実力や実績は父や兄同様に相当なものであったことが伺える。
• Any stories or episodes regarding Yoshimasa were not found; it is assumed that his performance and accomplishments were as great as those of his father or elder brother given that he was appointed to the Onmyo no kami; the top of the Onmyoryo.

• 地方出身でありながら、惟仲はその身一つで都に上り、勉学で磨いた才覚を武器に中央政界を渡り歩き、兼家、道隆、そして道長と言った実力者達に重用され、遂には従二位中納言にまで上り詰めた。
• Korenaka went up to Kyoto from a local province carrying nothing wth him, and he switched over from one place to another in the central political community having only his own wits which had been polished through study, and so he was promoted to high posts by influential persons such as Kaneie, Michitaka and Michinaga, until he finally reached the post of Junii Chunagon.

• 尾張国の戦国大名織田信長が、農民の子から足軽になった羽柴秀吉（豊臣秀吉）を家臣に登用したように、実力次第では出世が可能になるのも、戦国大名の家臣団において見られたひとつの傾向であった。
• Within the Kashindan under a Sengoku daimyo, however, there was a trend to give promotions based on abilities; this was seen in the case of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) who had been born from a peasant family, became an ashigaru (common foot soldier) and was promoted to a vassal by Nobunaga ODA, a Sengoku daimyo in Owari Province.

• さらに与党憲政党内旧自由党派の実力者星亨が、陸軍大臣桂太郎らと密かに連携して尾崎排除を計画、隈板内閣を嫌っていた伊藤博文の盟友伊東巳代治が社主を務める東京日日新聞も尾崎攻撃を開始した。
• Not only Toru HOSHI, an influential politician of the former Liberal faction of the ruling Constitutional Party, had a secret connection with Taro KATSURA, an Army Minister, to exclude OZAKI, but Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper, owned by Miyoji ITO who was a sworn ally of Hirobumi ITO who hated the Wai-han Cabinet, launched attacks on OZAKI.

• しかし、室町時代、世襲という家柄や既得権として権威があった守護職は戦国時代 (日本)でも、戦国大名の称号としてそれなりに意味を持っており、実力者の称号となることでそれなりの意味を持った。
• However, the Shugo post, which had power with hereditary privelages and family status in the Muromachi period, carried a similar meaning as a title for daimyo in the Sengoku period, and as a title for influential players in the Warring States period.

• 逆賊となった長州藩に長州征討が発令され、総大将に徳川慶勝（尾張藩主）、参謀に西郷隆盛（薩摩藩士）が任命されるが、幕臣・勝海舟との会談で長州藩への実力行使の不利を悟った西郷は、開戦回避を模索。
• An order to conquer the rebellious Choshu forces was issued, and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the lord of Owari) was appointed as commander-in-chief, and Takamori SAIGO (a feudal retainer of Satsuma), as military staff, but Saigo tried to avoid the military conflict, understanding the disadvantages of the conflict after discussions with Kaishu KATSU, who served for the bakufu.

• この当時は実力で処断権を有する者を広く「武士」と称する用法があった事に加えて、承久の変後、武士に対して卑屈に成り下がった（定通自身も含めた）公家社会に対する痛烈な皮肉であると考えられている。
• The term 'Bushi' was sometimes used to refer to someone who had the right to punish with power, and this also was a sarcastic comment towards the aristocracy (including Sadamichi) who had become ubiquitous to the bushi class.

• 重太郎の剣士としての力量については説が定まらないようであるが、重太郎が道場を任されるようになった後にも桶町道場の人気は衰えていないようなので、相当の実力を持つ剣客であったことは言を待たない。
• Jutaro's ability as a swordsman is unknown, however, it is certain that he was an expert swordsman with considerable skills since the popularity of Okemachi dojo did not decline after he took it over.

• 雄輝は晩年「慎之介をどうかよろしく」と家元継承を臭わせる発言もしていたが、その父が死去すると池畑は自ら「雄秀」を返上して吉村流とは決別し、実力のある内弟子が家元を継ぐという流派の伝統を守らせた。
• In his final years Yuki suggested the succession of iemoto saying 'Take care of Shinnosuke,' but after his father's death IKEHATA returned his name 'Yushu' and broke away from Yoshimura school and made them observe the tradition where a talented private pupil succeeds to the iemoto.

• その後善徳女王（632年～647年）のもとで実力者となった金春秋（後の太宗武烈王）は積極的に唐化政策を採用するようになり、654年に武烈王（～661年）として即位すると、更に両国の間は親密化する。
• Afterwards, Kim Chunchu (later to become King Taejong Muyeol), who gained a lot of power under Princess Sondoku (632 - 647), proactively adopted the Tang Dynasty system, and when he took the throne as King Taejong (654 - 661) in 654, their kingdoms grew even closer.

• 一方、律令的戸籍制度も次第に行われなくなり、 10世紀には、地方豪族で実力を蓄えた者は、有力な貴族の家人となり、その氏姓を侵すようにさえなり、いわゆる冒名仮蔭（ぼうめいかいん）の現象が一般化した。
• On the other hand, family registration system based on the ritsuryo system was gradually phased out; in the tenth century, people who became strong among powerful local clans became the retainers of the influential nobles and invaded clan names and hereditary titles; in essence, the phenomenon of so-called Bomei Kain (misrepresentation of one's clan name and hereditary title) became quite commonplace.

• 江戸時代、当時の摂家最大の実力者とされていた近衛基熙が本来は摂関家全てに即位灌頂の礼式が伝わっている事、先代当主の二条光平の早世で礼式が絶えたことを理由に二条家の独占を継続すべきではないと唱えた。
• During the Edo period, Motohiro KONOE, who was at the time considered to be the most powerful among the sekke families, argued that the Nijo Family should not continue the dominant position in the accession to the throne out of the following two reasons: one being that the code of etiquette for accession should originally come down to all the sekke families, and the other being that the previous family head, Mitsuhira NIJO, had died young, and therefore the code of etiquette had terminated.

• 実力者藤原師輔の二男として有利な立場にあったが、従来から激しく憎んでおり、長兄の摂政伊尹が早世したとき、兼通の妹で円融天皇の生母だった中宮安子の遺命により関白に抜擢され、それからことごとく妨害した。
• Although he enjoyed political advantages as the second son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, an influential politician of the time, he had possessed a bitter hatred against his brother, Kaneie, and ever since he was appointed as Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor) under the will of Empress Anshi, Kanemichi's younger sister and Emperor Enyu's mother when his elder brother, Koretada, who was the Imperial Regent, who died at an early age, Kanemichi tried to prevent the success of Kaneie on every possible occasion.

• しかし、やがて多くの都市国家で実力者が僭主（シニョーレ、signore）となり、さらにローマ教皇や神聖ローマ皇帝から爵位をもらって小公国を作るようになる（例：フィレンツェのメディチ家→トスカーナ大公）。
• However, over time, powerful persons in many city states became signore, and also established small principalities by obtaining titles from the pope or from the Holy Roman Emperor (for example, the Medici family in Florence -> Grand duke of Toscana).

• 承久の乱後、朝廷では幕府との関係が深かった岳父の西園寺公経が最大実力者として君臨していたため、政子の死や頼経の将軍就任も手伝って、道家は安貞2年（1228年）12月、近衛家実の後を受けて関白に任命された。
• After the Jokyu Disturbance, Michiie helped when Masako passed away and assisted the inauguration of Yoritsune as a shogun before he became Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) in December 1228, taking after Iezane KONOE since his father-in-law, Kintsune SAIONJI had a deep relation with the bakufu and had the strongest influence at the Imperial Palace.

• 乱後、後白河上皇と二条天皇の対立はしばらくの小康状態を経て再燃するが、武士で最大の実力者となっていた清盛は二条の乳父となり、室の平時子も乳母となったことで、天皇の後見役の地位を得て検非違使別当・中納言となった。
• After the rebellions, the conflict between the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo seemed to subside slightly but then flared up again, with Kiyomori, who was the most powerful bushi at that time, gaining the position of Emperor's regent by becoming godfather to Nijo while his wife, TAIRA no Tokiko, became godmother, and he also became Kebiishi no betto (Superintendent of the Imperial Police) and Chunagon (vice-councilor of state).

• 光秀が近衛前久と内通していたという説があるように、秀吉も当時の朝廷の実力者である大納言の勧修寺晴豊あたりと内通しており、その筋から光秀の謀反計画を知り、わざわざこのような要請を行なったのではないかと言われている。
• As a view that Mitsuhide held secret communication with Maehisa KONOE shows, it is said that Hideyoshi was collaborative with Dainagon Haretoyo KANSHUJI or others and knew Mitsuhide's rebellion so that he requested like this intentionally.

• 本の中では柳生宗矩と宮本武蔵（本の中では竹村武蔵と書かれており、高弟の竹村与右衛門と混同している）にふれる記述もあり、「但馬にくらぶれば、碁にていえば井目（せいもく）も武蔵強し」と武蔵の方が実力は上だと評している。
• The book also describes about Munenori YAGYU and Musashi MIYAMOTO (the latter is written as Musashi TAKEMURA, who was confused with Yoemon TAKEMURA, a high-caliber disciple) and evaluates Musashi's ability as being higher than that of 'Tajima even in nine-stone handicap Igo (board game of capturing territory) matches'.

• たとえば「マージャンで、実際の手とは全く異なる手が出来ているように言い、相手を油断させたり警戒させたりする」「モータースポーツの予選でのかけひきで、実力よりはるかに遅いタイムを出してライバルチームを油断させる」など。
• Examples are, 'in mah-jongg, saying to have a hand which is completely different from the real one, to put the opponents off their guard or set them on their guard,' or, 'in a preliminary match of motor sports, running in a far worse time than the real ability as a strategy for putting the rivals off guard,' and so on.

• 道兼の行動はもちろん父兼家と示し合わせてのものであり、花山が元慶寺へ向かう道筋は兼家が派遣した武士たちにより警備されており、道兼が花山とともに出家させられそうになったときは武士たちが実力で救出する手はずになっていた。
• Michikane's activity was obviously planned together with his father Kaneie, and the path to Gankei-ji Temple was guarded by bushi sent by Kaneie, and if Michikane was about to be made a priest with Kazan, the bushi were supposed to rescue him by force.

• その間、治承4年（1180年）の平家による奈良攻撃、宝徳3年（1451年）の土一揆によって焼失したが、室町時代には経覚・尋尊という2人の実力のある院主が相次いで登場して奈良一帯の座を次々と支配下に収めて大いに栄えた。
• During that time, it was burned because of the attack on Nara by the Taira family in 1180 and a peasants' uprising in 1451, but two able Inju, Kyogaku and Jinson appeared successively during the Muromachi period, who had trade guilds throughout Nara in control to flourish to a great extent.

• なお、松ヶ島時代（天正13年（1585年）頃）に賦秀から氏郷と名乗りを改めているが、これは当時の実力者だった羽柴"秀"吉の名乗りの一字を下に置く『賦秀』という名が不遜であろうという気配りからであった。
• Circa 1585 he was told to change his name back from Masuhide to Ujisato by Hideyoshi HASHIBA, the strongman at that time, who felt disrespected in the first character 'hide' of his own name (Hide-yoshi) being the second character in Masu-hide.

• しかし、鎌倉時代以降となると鎌倉幕府成立以降、実力をつけて次々に政敵駆逐を果たした北条氏が幕府の執権職を掌握して以降は、北条氏嫡流が正四位上まで昇るようになり、北条氏一門や有力御家人が従四位下などの官位に昇るようになった。
• However, in the Kamakura period, since the Hojo clan, who gained power since the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established and succeeded in exterminating their political enemies, seized shikken (regent for shogun) posts in the bakufu, those in the lineage of eldest son in the Hojo clan began being promoted to Shoshiinojo, and Hojo clan members and powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were promoted to court ranks such as Jushiinoge.

• さらに頼朝から京都守護に任命されるなど、頼朝からの信任は厚く、九条良経（九条兼実の子）や西園寺公経を娘と娶わせ、花山院兼雅や土御門通親とも姻戚関係を結ぶなど、朝廷や幕府に広いネットワークを形成し、有力な実力者にのし上がった。
• He was appointed to the Director of Kyoto by Yoritomo who fully trusted him, and also built a large network within the Imperial Court and the bakufu, coming to hold political power by marrying his daughters off to Yoshitsune KUJO (the son of Kanezane KUJO) and Kintsune SAIONJI, and also by becoming an in-law of Kanemasa KAZANIN and Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO.

• こうした入港場の制限は興利倭の生活を困窮させるものであり、1427年に倭寇出身の対馬の実力者早田左衛門太郎が慶尚道全域において任意に交易出来るよう朝鮮王朝に請願するが拒絶され、代わりに塩浦（蔚山広域市）のみ入港場に追加された。
• That entry restriction would drive Koriwa into a corner -- In 1427, Saemontaro SODA, who was originally wako and influential figure in Tsushima, made a petition to the Korea kingdom to allow them free trade all over Gyengsangnam-do: In response, the Korea kingdom rejected the petition but added Yeompo, Ulsan-Gwangyeoksi (Ulsan Metropolitan City 蔚山広域市) instead.

• 浅井の息のかかり方が浅くなおかつ佐和山を領していた過去を持つ小川氏の当主であり、実力にも申し分ない祐忠が同城主へ復帰させられる理由は十分にある（信長の人材登用には地縁の要素を熟慮した人選がなされていることは注目すべきである）。
• Suketada would have been the best candidate to become lord of the Sawayama-jo Castle, as he had no close ties to the Azai clan, and had previously served as the lord of this castle. (It should be noted that Nobunaga selected suitable persons taking into consideration their territorial affiliations.)

• 西南戦争が起こる直前にも、西郷や不平士族の動向を、帰省を口実に密偵を現地に送り込み内偵と西郷側の内部分裂を図るなど、川路の主たる実力は一般的な警察力と言うよりは、専ら忍者の類を使用した情報収集や攪乱・乖離作戦の戦術に長けていた。
• Immediately before the Seinan War he sent spies to Satsuma--on the pretext that they were returning home--in order to conduct a secret investigation both of SAIGO's supporters and the fuhei shizoku in Satsuma, plotting to create a rift within Saigo's inner circle; one sees from such examples that his abilities were showcased not so much in his general police powers as in his use of spies for intelligence work and tactics designed to throw a group into confusion or create an internal rift.

• その後同4年（1246年）に修明門院の最大の支援者であった当時の朝廷の実力者・九条道家が息子である将軍九条頼経と結んで、執権北条時頼とその後押しを受けた後嵯峨天皇を退けて雅成親王を次期天皇に擁立しようとしているとする風説が流される。
• Then, in 1246, a rumor was circulated that Michiie KUJO who was an influential person in the then imperial court and chief supporter of Shumeimonin colluded with his son, Shogun Yoritsune KUJO, and intended to put up Shogun Yoritsune KUJO as the next Emperor by dismissing the regent Tokiyori HOJO and Emperor Gosaga who were supported by him.

• 戦国時代に入ると、そもそもは三管領細川氏の家臣で守護代の家柄であった三好氏が幕府相伴衆に列し従四位下に叙せられたのに伴い、その家臣である松永久秀も主家同様に従四位下に昇るなど家柄や身分によらず実力に応じた除目も行われるようになった。
• In the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the Miyoshi clan, who were a vassal of sankanrei Hosokawa clan and a family of Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable), were listed as Shobanshu (officials who accompany the Shogun) of the bakufu and were granted Jushiinoge, and this led to their vassal, Hisahide MATSUNAGA, also being promoted to Jushiinoge like his master family, and appointments were made according to real abilities rather than parentage or social status.

• 有能な者が実力によって、一代家老（家老格）に登用された代表例として、幕末に活躍した越後長岡藩の河井継之助、薩摩藩の調所広郷、長州藩の村田清風、そして、古くは元禄期の元禄赤穂事件の討ち入りで、有名になった赤穂藩の大野知房などが挙げられる。
• The following were typical examples of Ichidai-garo officers who were appointed to the post due to their abilities: Tsugunosuke KAWAI of the Echigo-Nagaoka domain, Hirosato ZUSHO of the Satsuma domain, and Seifu MURATA of the Choshu domain, all of whom played an active part in the abolition of the bakufu system, and as an older example, Tomofusa ONO of the Ako domain who became famous for launching a raid during the Ako Incident in the Genroku era (1688 - 1704).

• その後、次男の二条良実が祖父の公経の後押しもあって関白となったが、祖父の後ろ盾でなったことを見てもわかるように、後嵯峨天皇の下で公経と土御門定通（天皇の大叔父）が政治の実権を握った一方で、天皇家との関係を失った道家の実力は衰退していた。
• His second son Yoshizane NIJO had the support of his grandfather Kintsune and became the Kanpaku, but as could be seen from the support of his grandfather, the political power of Michiie started to weaken after declining relations with the Imperial family while Kintsune and Sadamichi TSUCHIMIKADO (the maternal uncle of the emperor) gained control of the government under Emperor Gosaga.

• そうした中で、武士は所領の知行権などをめぐる訴訟（所務沙汰）において幕府による裁定が下された後も、当時の社会で容認されていた自力救済慣行を背景として、必ずしも幕府裁定に従わず、自らの実力を行使して所領知行権を確保しようとする傾向があった。
• On the other hand, there was a tendency that samurai, even after the bakufu judged in the lawsuit over the right of fief, which was called shomusata (trial dealing with land-related issues), not necessarily followed the bakufu's judgment but tried to keep their right to manage the territory using their force with the aid of the customary practice of self-help which had been approved in the society at that time.

• 演歌が中高年のみの支持に限定されてきたことや、素人がカラオケで歌いやすいことが尊ばれ、北島三郎のように圧倒的な声量や歌唱力を誇る歌手や、森進一のように独特な声質と歌唱法をもつ個性的な歌手が実力を発揮しにくくなり、テレビへの露出が減少した。
• Enka music had been supported by only middle-aged and elderly people and it became harder for singers with powerful voices and outstanding vocal ability, such as Saburo KITAJIMA, and unique singers with distinctive quality of voice and vocalization, such as Shinichi MORI, to display their talents as people had valued easy songs for amateurs to sing in karaoke, and thus enka music had less TV exposure.

• しかし、『太平記』の物語描写のみからの評価を疑問視し、尊氏との人望の差はそもそも先祖からの家格の差が大きいことや、短期間で鎌倉を陥落させ、圧倒的な実力差があった尊氏を一時的にせよ撃破するなどの点から、武将としての資質を評価する意見もある。
• However, some people questioned the appraisal solely based on the descriptions of 'Taiheiki', and appreciate his natural gifts as a military commander on the grounds that the difference in popularity compared with Takauji was caused by a gap in familal status, that he occupied Kamakura for only a short time, and that he defeated Takauji, though temporarily, who possessed greater power.

• 特に戦国時代 (日本)は室町幕府を開いた足利氏の嫡流　足利将軍家に対し、庶流の細川氏が管領として実権を奪ったり、出雲守護で嫡流であった京極氏は庶流の尼子氏に守護の地位を簒奪されるなど、血筋では地位や権力を担保し得ない実力本位の時代でもあった。
• The Sengoku period (period of warring states), in particular, was a time based on merit when bloodline did not guarantee rank or power; the Hosokawa clan, the shoryu, took power as the kanrei (shogunal deputy) from the Ashikaga Shogun family, the chakuryu of the Ashikaga clan who established the Muromachi bakufu; and the Amago clan, the shoryu, usurped the position of Shugo (Provincial Constable) from the Kyogoku clan, Izumo Shugo, and the chakuryu.

• この中には、敵兵力に対して実力を行使するだけでなく、隣接勢力に対する嫌がらせの意味も含め、日常的な焼討ちや、食料を断つ“刈り働き”（あるいは“青田刈り”）も含まれており、結果として、そのエスカレーションが、大規模な軍事行動を誘引する面もあった。
• Not only applying raw power against the enemy's armed forces, but also day-to-day attacking and burning or 'karibataraki (to send a small group of soldiers to an opponent's territory to cut wheat and rice off their fields and take it back (a kind of tactic that was used during the Sengoku Period) ' (or 'aotagari (literally, cutting off rice plants while it is still green)') to cut out the supply of foods as a kind of harassment to the opponent are included in such conflicts and as a result, escalation from such conflicts led to a large-scale military operation

• 江戸時代前期までは後北条氏は名門伊勢氏の出と考えられていた様子だが、江戸時代中期以降、『太閤記』の影響で戦国時代を身分の低い者が実力で身を興す「下克上の時代」ととらえる史観が民衆の願望もあいまって形成され,明治時代になって定着し、戦後まで続いた。
• Apparently, until the beginning of the Edo Period, the Gohojo clan was thought to have originated from the Ise clan but from the mid-Edo Period, influenced by the 'Taikoki,' a biography of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the view of Soun as a lowly samurai in the Warring States Period, who came to power through his achievements in the so called 'Gekokujo Period' caught the public's imagination, becoming well-established in the Meiji Period and prevailing until the end of WWII.

• 異姓にして家臣筋の長尾景虎が上杉氏の名跡を継承するに至った背景には、かねてから上杉家に養子を招くことを望んでいた上杉憲政が、上杉家から養子を出したことのある佐竹氏からの養子を断られ、苦悩の末に越後国の実力者である長尾景虎に継がせたという経緯がある。
• The circumstance to the inheritance to a family name of Uesugi clan by Kagetora NAGAO who was a vassal with a different real name was that Norimasa UESUGI always desired to adopt a child to the Uesugi family but was refused from the Satake clan who had adopted a child from the Uesugi family, then made a tough decision to have Kagetora NAGAO, an influential person in Echigo Province, succeed to the family name.

• 「交戦団体」とは、分離独立・政府転覆を企図した場合で、「土地をよこせ」といった要求のための実力行使などは次元の低いもので該当しない（榎本自身は、別に日本からの「分離独立」や「新政府転覆」を企てているわけでは無いので、「交戦団体」認定を受ける必要性は無い）。
• A 'warring group' can be used in case of attempting separation and independence from Japan or overthrow of the government, therefore, any use of the force for a demand such as taking away someone's land is not serious and is not applable (Enomoto had no intention to attempt 'separation and independence' from Japan nor 'overthrow of the government', so his group did not need to be certified as a 'warring group'.)

• 政界の実力者・平清盛の義理の甥にあたる事に加えて、当時政治方針を巡って対立した二条天皇によって院政停止状態に置かれていた後白河院の不満から、二条天皇の死後に立てられた六条天皇（二条天皇の子、高倉天皇からみて甥）をわずか3歳で退位させ、天皇として擁立された。
• Emperor Takakura was TAIRA no Kiyomori's nephew in law, while TAIRA no Kiyomori had the control of the politics at that time, the Emperor Takakura was appointed to succeed to the throne after Emperor Rokujo (Emperor Nijo's child and Emperor Takakura's nephew) was forced to abdicate when he was three years old, who was set up to succeed to the throne after Emperor Nijo died by the retired Emperor Goshirakara in, since Goshirakawa was not able to rule his Cloister government due to Emperor Nijo's political pressure who opposed to Goshirakawa on political policy during that period.

• 李承晩政権が韓国人に対し権威主義的な警察支配において民主主義の基本心情を冒涜し、国際的な品行や道徳等の基本原理を犯し李承晩ライン周辺の韓国領域外の公海上でも実力行使で海賊行為を働き日本人の漁民達を政治的人質として投獄し韓国領域外の領域を力ずくでつかんでいた。
• While Rhee regime violated most basic tenets of democracy in authoritarian police rule imposed on Korean people, it has also in past done violence to most fundamental principles of international conduct and morality by committing acts of piracy on high seas around Rhee Line and then imprisioning and holding as political hostages Japanese fishermen and by seizing and holding non-Korean territory by force.

• 翌1532年年には、管領細川晴元の要請を受けて門徒を動員し、三好元長を敗死に追いやったが、晴元はこれによってかえって本願寺の実力を恐れ、京都の日蓮宗教団や六角定頼と手を結んで、当時の本願寺の本拠地であった山科本願寺を攻撃し、これを焼き討ちにした（天文法華の乱）。
• The following year (1532), he mobilized his followers to subvert Motonaga Miyoshi at the request of Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who held the post of Kanrei (shogunal deputy); however, in fear of the power held by Hongan-ji Temple, Harumoto attacked and burned down Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple, which was home to the Hongan-ji Temple school at that time, in cooperation with the Nichiren sect groups and Sadayori ROKKAKU (this incident is known as the Tenbun-hokke Riot).

• 柏レイソルからGK水谷雄一、ガンバ大阪から9シーズンぶりのサンガ復帰となるDFシジクレイ、FC東京からレンタル移籍でDF増嶋竜也、ジェフユナイテッド市原・千葉からMF佐藤勇人、鹿島アントラーズからFW柳沢敦と、各ポジションで実力者を獲得し、2年ぶりのJ1に臨んだ。
• The club got competent players for each position to begin to play in J1 after an interval of two years; for example, GK Yuichi MIZUTANI from Kashiwa Reysol, DF Sidiclei de SOUZA who had come back to Sanga from Gamba Osaka after an interval of 9 seasons, DF Tatsuya MASUSHIMA on loan from F.C. Tokyo, MF Yuto SATO from JEF United Ichihara Chiba, and FW Atsushi YANAGISAWA from Kashima Antlers.

• ところが生母の日野富子は義尚を第9代将軍にしたいと願望して当時の実力派大名であった山名宗全（山名持豊）と結託し、一方の義視も管領の細川勝元と結託して両派は将軍位をめぐって抗争し、これに勝元と宗全の権力争い、畠山氏や斯波氏の内紛なども重なって、応仁の乱の一因となった。
• However, his real mother, Tomiko HINO, wanted to make Yoshihisa the ninth shogun, in collusion with Sozen YAMANA (Mochitoyo YAMANA), a strong feudal lord, but Yoshimi was also in collusion with the kanrei (shogunal deputy) Katsumoto HOSOKAWA; both sides resisted around the shogunate position, which contributed to the Onin War, resulting from the struggle for power between Katsumoto and Sozen as well as infighting between the Hatakeyama and Shiba families.

• 高倉天皇は法住寺殿に避難し、後白河は大衆を実力で排除しようとするが、京都が戦場になる可能性があると反対の声が上がり、実際に出動する平氏一門も、延暦寺との衝突には極めて消極的な態度をとったために断念、大衆の要求を受諾して師高の配流・神輿を射た重盛の家人の投獄を行った。
• Although Emperor Takakura was evacuated to the Hojuji-dono palace and Goshirakawa attempted to eliminate the armed priests by force, Goshirakawa faced an opposition saying that Kyoto may become a war zone, and also, the Taira clan, those that would actually fight the battle, were quite hesitant to be in a conflict with Enryaku-ji Temple; therefore, Goshirakawa abandoned his attempt, accepted the request and deported Morotaka, and imprisoned Shigemori's family member who had shot the portable shrine.

• そのため能信が妻の姪にあたる養女茂子を妃に入れたのだが、いくら能信の養女でも実父が中納言では、東宮妃にはふさわしくないと非難されている（また、当時養女を妃に入れたのは最高実力者であった頼通のみであり、能信がそれを行うのは不相応であるという意味合いがあったとも言われている）。
• Due to the above background, Yoshinobu sent his wife's niece, and also his adopted daughter, Moshi to the Imperial Palace to become Empress; however, some people criticized that Moshi was not suitable as the Crown Prince's Empress since her real father's official rank was mere Chunagon (also it was only Yorimichi, who had the most political power at that time, to send an adopted daughter to become Empress, thus it is said that some people considered it was not appropriate for Yoshinobu to do that because his official rank was not high enough).

• さらに武田氏が滅亡した後、後北条氏との交渉で徳川方の使者として政治的手腕としての実力を発揮し、家康が武田氏の旧領である信濃国、甲斐国を併合すると、武田家の旧臣達を多数与力に付属され、山県昌景の朱色の軍装を復活させて赤備え（いいのあかぞなえ）と呼ばれる精鋭部隊の大将となった。
• After the fall of the Takeda clan, he showed his political ability as an envoy for Tokugawa by negotiating with the Gohojo clan.

• 「そもそも西洋諸国に行わるる国会の起源またはその沿革を尋ぬるに、政府と人民相対し、人民の知力ようやく増進して君上の圧制を厭い、またこれに抵抗すべき実力を生じ、いやしくも政府をして民心を得さる限りは内治外交ともに意のごとくならざるより、やむを得ずして次第次第に政権を分与したる.
• In western countries, people confronted their government, and were enlightened, and rebelled against oppression, and built up arms, and a government which loses public favor could not control domestic and diplomatic affairs, and was gradually compelled to distribute ruling powers, and finally a national diet was established.

• 今昔物語の、海賊に襲われた船主に同情して陰陽の術を用いて船荷を取り戻した話や、陰陽道を身につけて得意になり、噂に聞く安倍晴明の実力を確かめようと自分の式神を連れて呪術対決に臨んだが、逆に安倍晴明に式神たちを隠されてしまい、陳謝して自分の式神を返してもらうというエピソードで知られる。
• There are some well-known stories about Chitoku hoshi in Konjaku monogatari where sympathizing with a ship owner who was attacked by pirates, Chitoku hoshi recovered the cargo by using the art of Onmyo and preening himself on having mastered Onmyodo, Chitoku hoshi decided to check on the reputed ABE no Seimei's talent thereby challenging Seimei to a game of magic bringing his shikigami with him but ABE no Seimei hid Chitoku hoshi's shikigami which Seimei returned to Chitoku hoshi after accepting Chitoku hoshi's apologies.

• 緩慢な作業や各種の『怠業』を止め、各作業員がそれぞれ最大限の実力を発揮し、管理者の個人的な協力や管理職から（もともと受けるべき）援助により出来る限り早く仕事をこなせるよう労使の関係を改善することで、各作業員及び各機械に対し平均して２倍近い成果が得られることが、後述の論文から明らかになるだろう。
• It will be shown later in this paper that doing away with slow working and 'soldiering' in all its forms and so arranging the relations between employer and employs that each workman will work to his very best advantage and at his best speed, accompanied by the intimate cooperation with the management and the help (which the workman should receive) from the management, would result on the average in nearly doubling the output of each man and each machine.

• 外国との貿易を黒字化させて国内の金保有量を高め、さらには北方においてロシア帝国との貿易も行おうとしていたほか、平賀源内などと親交を持ち、蘭学を手厚く保護し、士農工商の別にとらわれない実力主義に基づく人材登用も試みたが、これらの急激な改革が身分制度や朱子学を重視する保守的な幕府閣僚の反発を買い、
• He tried to expand Japan's trade surplus, increase gold holdings, and open trade with the Russian Empire; he also made friends with Gennai HIRAGA and others, protected Western learning, and took on men of talent based on a merit system regardless of the hereditary four-class order consisting of warrior-rulers, peasants, artisans, and merchants (shinokosho), but these sudden reformations provoked a backlash among conservatives in the shogunate cabinet.

• 個性と実力を兼ね備え、演歌という新ジャンルの土台を築いた、春日八郎・三橋美智也・三波春夫・村田英雄らの男性歌手や、演歌の女王と称された美空ひばり（「歌謡界の女王」とも呼ばれる）等がすでに亡くなっており、その後に続いた北島三郎や五木ひろし、森進一などの大御所歌手も実力を発揮し切れていない状況である。
• Hachiro KASUGA, Michiya MIHASHI, Haruo MINAMI, Hideo MURATA and other male singers who had both individualities and abilities and laid the foundations for new enka genre, and Hibari MISORA who was known as the queen of enka (also known as the 'queen of popular song world') have already passed away, and highly accomplished singers who followed, such as Saburo KITAJIMA, Hiroshi ITSUKI and Shinichi MORI, cannot show their abilities to the full.

• 清公以後、博士が学生と私的な師弟関係を結ぶきっかけとなり一種の学閥の形成が進むとともに、子弟の教育に力を注いだ（勿論、後継者である是善・道真の才能による部分も大きいが）ことによって菅原氏から世襲的に文章博士が輩出されるようになったため、才用（実力）があれば家柄や人脈にとらわれず評価されるべきであると主張した都腹赤（都良香の伯父）をはじめとする他の文章博士の反感を買った。
• Starting with Kiyokimi, instructors at the Academy began to have personal interactions with their students as master and pupils, leading to the creation of a kind of school clique as well as a more concentrated effort by instructors like Kiyokimi truly to teach their students (of course, the contribution to this new system made by Kiyokimi's talented successors Koreyoshi and Michizane is also quite large) and as a result, the position of Monjo hakase became a more or less hereditary one, held by many from the Sugawara clan; this earned the clan the resentment of all the other Monjo hakase, especially MIYAKO no Haraaka (uncle of MIYAKO no Yoshika), who insisted that ability (real merit) should be the key to success, not birth privilege or personal connections.

• 理由はこの両名が武田勝頼と内通していたという訴えが五徳姫より信長にもたらされたためであるが、当時、もはや盟友とは名ばかりであり、実質的に織田を盟主とする従属国であった家康には信長の要求を拒否し、同盟を破棄して戦うだけの実力も無かったため、家康は要求に従って信康と築山殿を処刑するしかなかったと言われている（もっとも、この時期信康と家康、厳密に言えば家康家臣団との対立が激しくなっており、信康粛清は信長の要求ではないとする説が近年では有力視されている）。
• That's because Gotokuhime (Princess Toku) told Nobunaga that Nobuyasu and Tsukiyama-dono secretly communicated with Katsuyori TAKEDA; while Ieyasu, the Nobunaga's allies of sorts and the virtually dependent to the leader Oda, had no power neither to deny Nobunaga's order, nor to fight with him by abrogating the alliance, it is said that he had no choice but to execute Nobuyasu and Tsukiyama-dono (although the confrontation of Nobuyasu and Ieyasu, more precisely Nobuyasu and the vassals of Ieyasu was getting intense at this time, therefore, a theory is getting dominant in recent years which advocates that the purge of Nobuyasu was not Nobunaga's demand).