守: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- お守
- charm
- amulet
- babysitting
- babysitter
- taking care of
- assisting
- assistant
- helper
- 守護所
- Shugosho (provincial administration)
- 京都守護
- Kyoto-shugo (military governor of Kyoto)
- 陸奥守。
- He became Mutsu no Kami (governer of Mutsu Province)
- His post was Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province).
- Mutsu no kuni no Kami (Governor of Mutsu Province).
- He was the Mutsu no kami (Governor of Mutsu Province).
- 河内守。
- He served as Kawachi no kami (the governer of Kawachi Province).
- 屯所守備
- Team guarding the base of the Shinsen-gumi
- 丹後守。
- He served as Tango no kami (the governor of Tango Province).
- 治療非遵守
- treatment noncompliance
- 子守神社。
- Komori-jinja Shrine
- 排出枠不遵守
- Non-compliance with emission allowances
- 報告義務不遵守
- Non-compliance with reporting requirements
- 禁裏御守衛総督
- Kinri Goshuei Sotoku (post to guard Kinri Palace)
- 山鹿方面守備隊
- Defenders' troop in the Yamaga area
- 下野守 平将頼
- Shimotsuke no kami (Governer of Shimotsuke Province): TAIRA no Masayori.
- 秋田城介権守。
- He served as Akitajo no suke (provincial governor of Akita-jo castle) and Gon no kami (Provisional Governor) of Dewa Province.
- 鎮守府 (古代)
- Chinju-fu (in ancient times)
- 一札五倫道徳遵守
- 1. Exhort the observance of Confucian Five Human Relations.
- 備中国足守藩主。
- Lord of Ashimori Domain, Bicchu Province.
- 越中守護畠山尚順
- Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA, shugo of Ecchu Province,
- 保守派による排撃
- Denunciation carried out by conservatives
- 湯舟ノ藤林長門守
- Nagatonokami FUJIBAYASHI in Yubune
- 牧野備後守:35
- Makino Bingo No Kami : 35
- 南方を守護する。
- It protects against threats from the south.
- 足守荘…神護寺領。
- Ashimori-no-sho: estate of Jingo-ji Temple.
- 道守荘…東大寺領。
- Chimori-no-sho: estate of Todai-ji Temple.
- 越後国守護上杉定実
- Sadazane UESUGI, shugo of Echigo Province,
- 加賀国守護富樫泰高
- Yasutaka TOGASHI, shugo of Kaga Province,
- 守山市指定文化財。
- Cultural properties designated by Moriyama City
- 安楽寺 (守山市)
- Anraku-ji Temple (Moriyama City)
- 天満宮 (守山市)
- Tenman-gu Shrine (Moriyama City)
- 『姫路城』(天守閣)
- Himeji-jo Castle: the keep
- 下総守藤原親通の横槍
- Interference by the Shimosa no kami, FUJIWARA no Chikamichi
- 大阪留守居400石。
- Osaka rusui (caretaker) with an estate of 400 koku.
- 坂上瀧守:鷹養の孫。
- SAKANOUE no Takimori - the grandson of Takakai
- 守護大名・豪族の動向
- Moves of shugo daimyo and influential local lords
- 世界遺産を守る取組み
- Efforts to protect world heritage
- 守護請の一例を挙げる。
- The following is an example of Shugouke.
- 『師守記』 中原師守著
- 'Moromoriki' by NAKAHARA no Moromori
- 留守政府の禄制改革議論
- Argument on reforms of the stipend system by Rusu-seifu (the government while head officers were away)
- 諸外国は中立を守った。
- The various foreign countries remained neutral in this conflict.
- 面して隻賊の守るなし。
- No rebel guarded the place.
- 坂上町口五位、越中守。
- His nickname was SAKANOUE no Machiguchi goi, and he served as Ecchu no kami (Governor of Ecchu Province).
- 御殿守ハ七重、悉黒漆也。
- With seven stories, inside of the castle tower was completely black lacquered.
- 京都守護 → 六波羅探題
- Kyoto Shugo => Rokuhara Tandai.
- しかし兄は留守であった。
- However, he was not home.
- 町口大判事、町口下総守。
- He was called Machiguchi daihanji (a judge) and Machiguchi Shimousa-no-kami (the governor of Shimousa Province).
- 下総国守谷藩 1 万石。
- Moriya domain in Shimousa Province - 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield)
- 室町時代は阿波の守護代。
- In Muromachi era Miyoshi clan was shugodai (deputy military governor) of Awa Province.
- - 天守、附櫓および多聞櫓
- Castle Tower, 'Tsuke-yagura' (Connecting Tower), and Tamonyagura (hall turrets)
- 『山科家礼記』 大沢久守ら著
- 'Yamashinake Raiki' by Hisamori Osawa and others
- 第三条 - 諸国守護人奉行事
- Article 3: Shugonin-bugyo (post of provincial constable in Kamakura period) in various districts
- 舞鶴鎮守府、与保呂川など参考
- Refer to sections Maizuru Chinjufu, Yohoro-gawa River, and so on.
- 1862年 京都守護職設置。
- 1862: 'Kyoto Shugo Shoku' (a position for keeping the order in Kyoto, placed over Kyoto Shoshidai) was introduced.
- 勝元は義政の命を守って沈黙。
- Katsumoto obeyed Yoshimasa's order and remained silent.
- 京都守護職・京都所司代の廃止。
- Abolition of Kyoto shugoshoku (Military Governor of Kyoto) and Kyoto shoshidai (Kyoto Deputy);
- 舞鶴旧鎮守府倉庫施設〔舞鶴市〕
- Former storehouse facilities for Maizuru Chinjufu [Maizuru City]
- 舞鶴旧鎮守府水道施設〔舞鶴市〕
- Water supply installations of former Maizuru Chinjufu (naval station) [Maizuru City]
- ~1221年 - 京都守護兼任
- ~1221 Kyoto Shugo took charge concurrently.
- 武佐宿 - 守山宿 - 草津宿
- Musajuku - Moriyamajuku - Kusatsu-juku
- 伊勢北半国守護は一色氏に移る。
- The position of Hankoku Shugo of the northern part of Ise Province was transferred to the Isshiki clan.
- 尾張守護は斯波氏に継承された。
- The position of Owari no Shugo was taken over by the Shiba clan.
- 守護不入(しゅごふにゅう)とも。
- Shugoshi funyu is also referred to as shugo funyu.
- 元鹿島建設会長鹿島守之助の生家。
- It is the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA, the former chairman of the Kajima Construction Corporation, Ltd.
- 越前国守護朝倉貞景 (9代当主)
- Sadakage ASAKURA (the ninth family head), shugo of Echizen Province,
- その功績により守護に任じられた。
- He was appointed to Shugo (provincial military governor) for his achivement.
- 人其能く職を守ってするを嘆惜す。
- People regretted that he had fulfilled his duties well.
- 美濃介、従五位下石見守となった。
- He became Mino no suke (assistant governor of Mino Province), then was promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and served as Iwami no kami (governor of Iwami Province).
- 橘守部- 江戸時代後期の国学者。
- Moribe TACHIBANA: Scholar of Japanese classical literature, who lived during the latter Edo period.
- 守護領国制と対になる考え方である。
- It was compared with shugo-ryogoku sei (the system where shugo [a provincial military governor] dominates a manor).
- 安芸守だった平清盛の崇敬を受けた。
- It was worshiped by TAIRA no Kiyomori who was Aki no kami (governor of Aki Province).
- 御側役・留守居・大番頭...5千石
- Osobayaku (secretary), Rusui (caretaker or keeper) and Obangashira: 5,000 koku (of rice)
- 祭神は子守大神(こもりのおおかみ)
- The enshrined deity is Komori no Okami.
- JR東海道本線 守山駅 (滋賀県)
- Moriyama Station (Shiga Prefecture), JR Tokaido Main Line
- 坂上貞守:田村麻呂の弟坂上鷹主の子。
- SAKANOUE no Sadamori - the son of SAKANOUE no 鷹主, the younger brother of Tamuramaro
- 順天を守っていたのは小西行長であった。
- Yukinaga KONISHI was in charge of defense of Suncheon.
- 本丸には4重4階の天守が上げられていた
- The Honmaru held a four-story keep.
- 正伝寺本堂〔京都市北区西賀茂鎮守庵町〕
- Hondo of Shoden-ji Temple [Nishigamo Chinjuan-cho, Kita Ward, Kyoto City]
- 天守、 櫓、門、塀、馬屋、石垣、土塁、堀
- tenshu (castle tower), yagura (turret), mon (gate), hei (wall), umaya (stable), ishigaki (stone wall), dorui (earthwork), hori (moat)
- 砲弾は天守にも命中、城内は大混乱となる。
- The artillery shells hit the main tower of the castle and caused havoc inside.
- 大場土佐(石田隊右翼を守備し奮戦する。)
- Tosa OBA (he protected and fought for the right wing of the Ishida squad.)
- 同氏は守屋の兄の子孫であると称している。
- The Isonokami clan called itself a descendant of the older brother of Moriya.
- 鎮西守護(ちんぜいしゅご)とも呼ばれる。
- It was also called Chinzei Shugo (Provincial Military Governor of Chinzei).
- 山崎家治(いえはる)〔従五位下・甲斐守〕
- Ieharu YAMAZAKI (Jugoinoge, Kai no kami [the governor of Kai Province])
- 典型的な「保守的農村」であったと言える。
- It can be said that Tsuge-mura was a typical `conservative village.'
- すなわち、比叡山を守るという意味である。
- In other words, the station was to serve as defense for Mt. Hiei.
- 戦国時代末期まで北畠氏が伊勢守護となる。
- From that time on, the Kitabatake clan served as Ise no Shugo (provincial constable of Ise Province) until the late Warring States period.
- 1600年の関ヶ原の戦いでは赤間関を守備。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he took charge in the defense of Akamagaseki.
- 京都留守居番、150石役料70石(譜代)。
- Kyoto rusuiban (caretaker or keeper on night duty), with an estate of 150 koku and 70 koku of executive allowance (hereditary daimyo).
- 市民の寄贈により明智光秀築の天守閣を再建。
- The keep was rebuilt to reflect the one built by Mitsuhide AKECHI, through donations by citizens.
- 鎮守府将軍藤原秀衡の屋形を伽羅御所という。
- The residence for Shogun of the chinju-fu (local military office), FUJIWARA no Hidehira, was called Kyara no Gosho.
- 1901年(明治34年):舞鶴鎮守府開庁。
- 1901: Maizuru Chinju-fu opened.
- 本隊:河尻秀隆、毛利秀頼、水野守隆、水野忠重
- Main unit: Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, Hideyori MORI, Moritaka MIZUNO, and Tadashige MIZUNO
- 守護任命などを巡り幕府は鎌倉公方を警戒した。
- The bakufu monitored Kamakura kubo on issues such as the appointment of a provincial constable.
- 鳶ヶ巣山、その他の砦守備隊(長篠城の南対岸)
- Garrisons at the Mt. Tobigasu Fort and others (across the river in the south of the castle)
- 一方、官軍は熊本城を中心に守備兵を配置した。
- On the other hand, the government army deployed garrisons centered on Kumamoto Castle.
- この頃、守護代の地位を失ったものと思われる。
- It is possible that the Bicchu Ueno clan was dismissed as Shugodai around this time.
- 守山藩 - 賞典禄1000両があたえられた。
- Moriyama Domain: one thousand ryo (gold currency) of the shotenroku was provided.
- そのため、九州西側の守備は手薄だったのである。
- As a result, the guard in western Kyushu was sparse.
- 親王任国の国守となった親王は「太守」と称した。
- Imperial Princes who were appointed to the kokushu of Shino-ningoku were called 'Taishu.'
- 惣追捕使はその後、守護制度へと発展していった。
- After this, the system of using Sotsuibushi developed into the Shugo (provincial constable) system.
- その5騎が平忠度の守る塩屋口の西城戸に現れた。
- These five cavalrymen then appeared at Nishikido at the Shioya fortress entrance, guarded by TAIRA no Tadanori.
- 鎌倉時代になると、幕府は各国へ守護を設置した。
- In the Kamakura period, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established Shugo (provincial constable) in each province.
- 歴代当主は美濃国守あるいは甲斐守に任ぜられた。
- The head of the clan was traditionally designated as the lord of either Mino Province or Kai Province.
- そして、伊豆守を討ち取り、大松山を乗取った」。
- Tamemoto SHO killed Izu no kami and took over Mt. Taisho.'
- 明智光秀に坂本城を造らせ、琵琶湖の守りとする。
- He had Mitsuhide AKECHI build Sakamoto-jo Castle, which guarded Lake Biwa.
- この時に、伊勢守護職を奪われたという説もある。
- There is a theory that Mochiyori was dismissed as Ise no Shugoshiki (provincial constable of Ise Province) on this occasion.
- 近江源氏の佐々木氏、後に近江国守護六角氏の居城。
- The castle belonged to the Sasaki clan of Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) and later to the Rokkaku clan, the Shugo (military commissioner) of Omi Province.
- 内部を「天守指図」に習って、吹き抜けにしている。
- Referring to 'Tenshu sashizu,' a stairwell was installed inside of his model.
- しかし高次は城を死守し、容易に城攻めは捗らない。
- However, Takatsugu defended the castle to the last and the siege made poor progress.
- しかし何故か上野だけは「上野守」を任命している。
- In the case of Kozuke Province, however, he appointed 'Kozuke no kami' (governor of Kozuke Province), though its reason is not clear.
- 親王太守の官位は、必然的に他の国守より高かった。
- The court rank of Imperial Prince Taishu was necessarily higher than that of other kokushu.
- 守護大名はこれを利用して領国支配の浸透に努めた。
- The Shugo daimyo made use of these taxes to spread their dominion over their territories.
- 前江戸留守居、前300石、隠居料20石(譜代)。
- Former Edo rusui (caretaker), possessed an estate 300 koku, and earned a retirement stipend of 20 koku (hereditary daimyo).
- 作者は飛騨守惟久、土佐光信などさまざまに伝わる。
- Although the original author is not known, Korehisa Hidanokami, Mitsunobu Tosa, and others are possible candidates.
- 河窪信実、三枝守友、名和宗安、飯尾助人、五味高重
- Nobuzane KAWAKUBO, Moritomo SAEGUSA, Muneyasu NAWA, Sukehito IIO, Takashige GOMI
- (彼らの祖母が物部守屋妹であるという理由による)
- (It was because their grandmother was a sister of MONONOBE no Moriya.)
- 戦国期に丹波国竹野郡に松井佐渡守が割拠していた。
- Among them, MATSUI Sado no kami is known as the lord of Takeno County in Tanba Province in the Sengoku period.
- 河内源氏の守護神であり、鎌倉の象徴的存在である。
- Enshrining the guardian god of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan), it serves as the symbol of Kamakura.
- これによりただちに小天守があったと断言はできない。
- It cannot be immediately claimed that there was a sho-tenshu at the castle just by this claim.
- 長である鎮守府将軍の職位は五位から四位相当である。
- The job grade of Chinju-fu shogun, Commander-in-chief, was equivalent to goi (Fifth Rank) or shii (Fourth Rank).
- この頃より、鎮守府将軍はほぼ4年ごとに任命された。
- Around this time, the Chinju-fu shogun started to be appointed around every four years.
- 筆者は従四位上出羽国守平知信(桓武平氏平高棟流)。
- The author, TAIRA no Tomonobu, was Jushiijo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) governor of Dewa Province, and his family was Kanmu Heishi (Taira clan) TAIRA no Takamune-ryu (TAIRA no Takamune line).
- そして教経、盛俊が守る山の手(夢野口)を攻撃した。
- Then that particular someone would have been responsible for the attack upon the hilly section of the city (Yumeno fortress entrance) that was under the guard of Noritsune and Moritoshi.
- 渋川廃寺…物部氏(大連守屋)、大阪府八尾市渋川町。
- Shibukawa-ji Abandoned Temple... Mononobe clan (Omuraji no Moriya), in Shibukawa-cho, Yao City, Osaka Prefecture
- 戦国時代 (日本)には甲斐守護武田氏の家臣となる。
- During the Sengoku (Warring States) period of Japan, they became retainers of the Takeda clan, who held the post of military governor in the Kai area.
- 1901年(明治34年) 東舞鶴に舞鶴鎮守府設置。
- 1901: Maizuru Chinju-fu is installed in Higashi Maizuru
- 鉱山としての大江山(大江山ニッケル鉱山と河守鉱山)
- Mt. Oe range as a mine (Mt. Oe Nickel Mine and Komori Mine)
- 野洲川(やすがわ、甲賀市、湖南市、野洲市、守山市)
- Yasu-gawa River (Koka City, Konan City, Yasu City, Moriyama City)
- 長次系の歴代当主は小笠原氏ゆかりの信濃守を称した。
- The successive family heads of the line of Nagatsugu were called themselves Shinano no kami (governor of Shinano Province) associated with the Ogasawara clan.
- 京都守護(きょうとしゅご)は、鎌倉幕府の職制の一つ。
- Kyoto-shugo is one of the occupational categories of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 結局日本軍も撤退し、親清派の守旧派が臨時政権を樹立。
- The Japanese army also drew off at last, and the pro-Qing Conservative Party established a tentative government.
- 守護所は設置されず、興福寺がその役割を果たしていた。
- Since no shugosho (provincial administration) office was established, Kofuku-ji Temple functioned as the office.
- この流れのなかで王守仁の陽明学が誕生することになる。
- Thus, Yomeigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on teaching of Yangming WANG) by Shoujen WANG was born.
- 赤松氏はこの乱によって全ての守護職を奪われ没落した。
- The Akamatsu clan was deprived of all positions of shugoshiki and went to ruin.
- 室町幕府が成立すると、鎌倉幕府の守護制度を継承した。
- The shugo system of the Kamakura shogunate was inherited when the Muromachi shogunate was established.
- 本能寺の変の時は蒲生賢秀が留守居役として在城していた。
- When the Honnoji Incident broke out in 1582, Katahide GAMO stayed within the castle as the Rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence).
- 天守台いっぱいには造られず、天守曲輪が形成されている。
- The castle tower was built on a mound (base of keep), leaving space called 'Tenshu-kuruwa' (regions between the castle tower and the fence surrounding the mound).
- The castle tower was built on a mound, leaving space called 'Tenshu-kuruwa.'
- 国宝(天守等2棟)国の重要文化財(櫓、門、馬屋等5棟)
- National treasures (two structures including tenshu) and national important cultural properties (five structures including yagura, mon, umaya)
- 島津氏は、後退を続け薩摩の守りを固める方針に変更する。
- The Shimazu clan kept withdrawing, and changed course to strengthen its defense of Satsuma.
- また、鎌倉時代中期には蘆名経光が伯耆守護となっている。
- In the mid Kamakura period, Tsunemitsu ASHINA became Shugo (military governor) of Hoki Province.
- そして尼子経久は守護代から戦国大名への道を歩き始める。
- Then, Tsunehisa AMAGO started to move up the ladder from the deputy constable to the feudal lord during the Sengoku period.
- 鎌倉時代・室町時代には守護・地頭の職の変更を意味した。
- In the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the term kaieki referred to making changes to the duties of Shugo and Jito (military governors and estate stewards).
- 尊氏はこれを受けて守護や諸国の武士に命令を下している。
- On receiving those documents, the Takauji gave orders to the Shugo (provincial governor) and samurai all over Japan.
- 混乱が波及して平忠度の守る塩屋口の西城戸も突破される。
- By spreading chaos, the Nishikido of the Shioya fortress entrance which Tadanori TAIRA guarded was broken through.
- - 和文体にし、大名の遵守すべきことをより具体化した。
- - It was written in Japanese style and further clarified the rules daimyo had to comply to.
- 勝頼はわずか数百人の旗本に守られながら、高遠城に後退。
- Katsuyori was guarded by only a few hundreds hatamoto (banner men), and withdrew to Takato-jo Castle.
- そして、孫の上野氏繁の代に豊後守護大友氏の傘下に入る。
- The clan had been under the umbrella of the Otomo clan, governor of Bungo Province, since the era of Ujishige Ueno, Naokane's grandson.
- 奮戦が功として認められたため、後に伊勢守護に復帰した。
- As his distinguished war service was favorably evaluated, he came back to the position of Ise no shugo.
- 湖の中に石垣を築き、本丸西隅に4重4階の天守が築かれた。
- He had a stone wall built in the lake and a four-story tenshu erected in the eastern corner of the Honmaru.
- 勧修寺家の傍流 越後国守護 上杉氏の庶家に杉本氏がある。
- The Sugimoto clan is represented in a branch family of the Uesugi clan, Echigo no Shugo (the provincial constable of Echigo Province), a branch of the Kajuji family.
- 室町時代になると、守護の権限が積極的に拡大されていった。
- Entering the Muromachi period, the right of Shugo (provincial constable) was expanded actively.
- 浅羽民部少輔は持氏の側近・浅羽下総守の一族と推定される。
- It is assumed that Asaba Minbu shoyu belonged to the same family as Mochiuji's close advisors, Asaba Shimosa no kami (the governor of Shimosa Province).
- 永井直英(なおひで)〔従五位下、備後守〕永井直種の次男。
- Naohide NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Bingo no kami), the second son of Naotane NAGAI.
- 永井直行(なおゆき)〔従五位下、近江守〕永井直期の長男。
- Naoyuki NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Omi no kami), the oldest son of Naozane NAGAI.
- 永井直珍(なおよし)〔従五位下、飛騨守〕永井直期の三男。
- Naoyoshi NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hida no kami), the third son of Naozane NAGAI.
- 永井直輝(なおてる)〔従五位下、飛騨守〕永井直与の次男。
- Naoteru NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hida no kami), the second son of Naotomo NAGAI.
- 永井直与(なおとも)〔従五位下、飛騨守〕永井直進の長男。
- Naotomo NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hida no kami), the oldest son of Naonobu NAGAI.
- 永井直進(なおのぶ)〔従五位下、日向守〕永井直珍の三男。
- Naonobu NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hyuga no kami), the third son of Naoyoshi NAGAI.
- 松平康信(やすのぶ)〔従四位下、若狭守〕松平家信の次男。
- Yasunobu MATSUDAIRA (Jushiinoge, Wakasa no kami), the second son of Ienobu MATSUDAIRA.
- 内藤信正(のぶまさ)〔従五位下、紀伊守〕内藤信成の長男。
- Nobumasa NAITO (Jugoinoge, Kii no kami), the oldest son of Nobunari NAITO.
- 岡部宣勝(のぶかつ)〔従五位下、美濃守〕岡部長盛の長男。
- Nobukatsu OKABE (Jugoinoge, Mino no kami), the oldest son of Nagamori OKABE.
- 松平家信(いえのぶ)〔従四位下、紀伊守〕松平家忠の長男。
- Ienobu MATSUDAIRA (Jushiinoge, Kii no kami), the oldest son of Ietada MATSUDAIRA.
- 土岐頼行(よりゆき)〔従五位下、山城守〕土岐定義の長男。
- Yoriyuki TOKI (Jugoinoge, Yamashiro no kami), the oldest son of Sadayoshi TOKI.
- 土岐定義(さだよし)〔従五位下、山城守〕土岐定政の次男。
- Sadayoshi TOKI (Jugoinoge, Yamashiro no kami), the second son of Sadamasa TOKI.
- 永井直諒(なおまさ)〔従五位下、日向守〕永井直次の三男。
- Naomasa NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hyuga no kami), the third son of Naotsugu NAGAI.
- 永井直矢(なおつら)〔従五位下、飛騨守〕松平親良の次男。
- Naotsura NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hida no kami), the second son of Chikayoshi MATSUDAIRA.
- 内藤信成(のぶなり)〔従五位下、豊前守〕内藤清長の養子。
- Nobunari NAITO (Jugoinoge, Buzen no kami), the adopted child of Kiyonaga NAITO.
- そのため、民は自らを守るためゲリラ戦の技を磨いていった。
- For the reason, people began to brush up technique for guerrilla warfare for self-defense.
- そのため、守護は積極的に国衙の統治権限を蚕食していった。
- Thus, Shugo had aggressively encroached on the authority in the administration of the Kokuga.
- 子の当宗、孫の良宗はいずれも鎮守府将軍となり武威を保つ。
- Both his son Masamune and grandson Yoshimune became Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), and maintained their authorities.
- 最終的には大坂は守られ、紀州勢は堺・岸和田からも撤退した。
- Finally, Osaka was guarded and the Kishu army withdrew from Sakai and Kishiwada as well.
- 城を守る雑賀衆を攻めるのは高山右近・中川秀政の両勢である。
- The troops of Ukon TAKAYAMA and Hidemasa NAKAGAWA attacked Saiga shu who guarded the castle.
- 14日、高野勢は多和城並びに筒井勢の守る大和口の砦を攻撃。
- On March 18, the Koya army attacked the Tawa-jo Castle and the fort of Yamato guchi which the Tsutsui army guarded.
- なお、当時の全ての荘園・公領が守護請所となった訳ではない。
- But not every shoen and koryo in those days were subject to Shugo ukedokoro.
- 鎮守府相当の機関は、初め多賀城に置かれたと推測されている。
- It is assumed that an institution equivalent to the Chinju-fu was first established in Taga-jo Castle.
- 田中の下で政友会は次第に親軍的な保守色を帯びるようになる。
- Under Tanaka's leadership, the Seiyu Party gradually leaned toward pro-military conservatism.
- 江戸留守居…建部喜六(250石)・近藤政右衛門(250石)
- Keeper of Edo - Kiroku TAKEBE (250 koku), Masaemon KONDO (250 koku)
- 忠真は各外城の防御を厚くし一族や家臣を配置し守りを固めた。
- Tadazane strengthened each outer castle, in which he positioned his family and vassals to increase the defenses.
- その際に役職としての禁裏御守衛総督は自然消滅するに至った。
- In the course of this, the Kinri Goshuei Sotoku as a post was naturally abolished.
- 応仁の乱の前後から、守護大名同士の紛争が目立って増加した。
- Since approximately the time of the Onin War (Onin-no-ran), conflicts between shugo daimyo increased to a striking degree.
- 美濃守護職は土岐頼忠(頼康の弟。康行の叔父)に与えられた。
- Yoritada TOKI (the younger brohter of Yoriyasu and uncle of Yasuyuki) was assigned to Mino no Shugoshiki (provincial constable of Mino Province).
- 天下よりの御法度を相守、諸事可得其意処 下々として猥義曲事事
- Obey Acts by the realm, making anything possible and doing ad arbitrium are vile for people of low ranks.
- 破風の位置は名古屋城天守や福山城 (備後国)天守に類似する。
- The position of the gable was similar to the castle tower of Nagoya-jo Castle and that of Fukuyama-jo Castle (Bingo Province).
- 有田郡は紀伊守護の家格を持つ畠山政尚・貞政父子の本拠である。
- The Arida County was the base of Masanao HATAKEYAMA and his son Sadamasa whose family had had the status of Shugo of Kii Province.
- 松平伊豆守という名は、大河内氏の一分家の大名が代々名乗った。
- A daimyo in one of the Okochi family branches used the name 'Matsudaira Izunokami.'
- 鎌倉時代初期においては、守護の職務は大犯三箇条に限定された。
- In the early Kamakura period, functions of Shugo were limited to Taibon Sankajo (three major tasks of peacekeeping).
- 新任の守護に軍事的に対抗し組織される場合(安芸国人一揆など)
- The uprising was organized in order to oppose a new Shugo (e.g. the Kokujin rising in Aki province).
- そして播磨国・備前国守護赤松義村などと連携して京に侵攻する。
- Sumimoto then invaded the capital in a collaborative effort with Yoshimura AKAMATSU, the shugo of Harima and Bizen Provinces.
- 室町幕府の武家役は主に守護大名と京都の市民に対して課された。
- The bukeyaku by the Muromachi bakufu was mainly imposed on Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and the citizens of Kyoto.
- 「都の守護に任じる者が馬の一疋を飼って乗らないはずがない。」
- It is impossible to stop a person in charge of the security of the capital from keeping a horse and riding it.
- 町の名主に代わり、家持の代理人=家守(やもり)の代表である。
- Instead of a Nanushi of the town, Yamori (a manger who works for a homeowner or a landowner) who was to become a deputy of the homeowner, emerged.
- 家伝によれば、下田美作守広氏は秦河勝(広隆)の嫡流とされる。
- According to family tradition, Hirouji SHIMODA was a descendent of Kawakatsu HATA (also known as Hirotaka HATA).
- 薩軍は渡川、鬼神野から退いて、8月6日、山蔭の守備を固めた。
- Having retreated from the Watari-gawa River and Kijino, the Satsuma army reinforced the defense in Yamakage on August 6.
- 国司館は、守館、介館など、国司のために用意された公邸である。
- Kokushi-kan, including Kamiyakata (守館) (official residence for the highest-ranked Kokushi) and Sukeyakata (介館) (official residence for the second highest-ranked Kokushi), was an official residence for Kokushi.
- 日実上人は伊豆で日蓮を救った漁師、舟守弥三郎の子と言われる。
- Nichijitsu Shonin is said to be a son of Yazaburo FUNAMORI, a fisherman who saved Nichiren in Izu
- 江戸時代初期の1642年に「守山宿」として制札が与えられた。
- The area was named 'Moriyamajuku' by edict in 1642, in the early part of the Edo Period.
- 後に罪を赦され、正長元年(1428年)に伊勢守護に復帰した。
- Subsequently, He was pardoned, and returned to the position of Ise no Shugo in 1428.
- 対する明・朝鮮軍は道境付近の黄石山城と南原市城で守りを固めた。
- To cope with this attack the troops of Ming and Korea built up defenses at Hwangsoksan and Namwon Castles near the border of the Provinces.
- 室町時代には京都扶持衆として、自らを「会津守護」と称していた。
- During the Muromachi period, the Aizu Ashina clan had a direct lord-vassal relationship with the Muromachi shogunate and the members of the clan called themselves Governors of Aizu (Aizu Shugo in Japanese).
- 地侍たちは一揆の結束を武器に、守護の支配を排して自治を行った。
- Jizamurai got rid of the control of Shugo and built autonomy by a bond of ikki.
- 既存守護勢力の追放を目的として組織される場合(山城国一揆など)
- The uprising was organized in order to banish the existing influence of a Shugo (e.g. the uprising in Yamashiro Province).
- 「自分達の土地は自分達で守るという有力な農民が出てきました。」
- Powerful farmers that protected their own lands began to appear.'
- そのため、彼を守る手勢は数多く備の予備兵力としての側面も持つ。
- Therefore, forces that protected him were large in number, and they also served as sonae's backups.
- しかし、守護請が荘園・公領の減少をもたらしたことは間違いない。
- However, without a doubt the number of shoen and koryo decreased due to Shugouke.
- 守護代に対しても塗輿や唐傘袋毛氈鞍覆の免許を行うようになった。
- Even shugodai (deputy military governors) were given the licenses to use painted portable shrines and oiled-paper umbrella covers.
- しかし、出羽物部氏が本当に守屋の子孫かどうか確実な証拠はない。
- However, no evidence of whether the Dewamononobe clan is a real descendant of Moriya can be found.
- その後、立原派=保守派、藤田派=改革派として政治的対立が続く。
- Subsequently, Tachihara's faction (conservatives) and Fujita's faction (reformers) kept having political conflict with each other.
- また日本国内でも一部の保守派に絶対君主制を目指す動きがあった。
- Even in Japan, some conservative activists aimed at an absolute monarchy.
- 同年10月19日、城守をしていた荒木久左衛門は開城を決意した。
- On November 17, 1579, Kyuzaemon ARAKI, who had been acting as a chief for defense of the castle, made his mind to surrender.
- 甲府は国府所在地ではなく、守護大名の館が置かれた事に由来する。
- Kofu is derived from the fact that it was the site of the residence of shugo daimyo (daimyo originally assigned as a provincial governor), not the fact that it was where the kokufu was located.
- 延岡隊は京塚を守って健闘したが、弾薬が尽きたので後線に退いた。
- The Nobeoka-tai troop fought bravely, keeping Kyozuka, but retreated to the rearguard because they run out of ammunition.
- 1867年 王政復古 (日本)、京都町奉行所、京都守護職廃止。
- 1867: 'Osei fukko' (restoration of Imperial rule) in Japan was achieved and the positions of 'Kyoto Bugyosho' (in charge of the civil affairs in Kyoto) and of Kyoto Shugoshoku were abolished.
- 室町時代には近江国の守護大名となった六角氏に客将として仕えた。
- In the Muromachi period, the Gamo clan served Shugo Daimyo (provincial military governors) of Omi Province the Rokkaku clan as a guest samurai.
- 創生期 - 源頼信時代の河内守に任官~源頼義時代の前九年の役平定
- Creation period: Appointment of Kawachi no kami (the governor of Kawachi Province) in the period of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu ~ Subjugation of Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine-Years' Campaign) in the period of MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi.
- 牧野成里(石田隊後方を守備、戦後は生き残って徳川氏の旗本となる)
- Shigesato MAKINO (He protected and fought as the rearguard of the Ishida squad, and survived the Battle, after which he became hatamoto (direct retainer) of the Tokugawa clan.)
- 武家として繁栄し代々近江の守護として勢力を持った佐々木氏の一族。
- 'Uda-Genji,' a line of the Sasaki clan, prospered as a samurai family and had power as Shugo (the military governor) of Omi Province from generation to generation.
- 特に陵墓管理については陵戸の名簿を管理してその守衛にあたらせた。
- For the management of imperial mausoleums in particular, the bureau kept a name list of Ryoko (imperial tomb guard) and made them guard the mausoleums.
- 結衆は規律を厳守し、叛いた者は脱退させて、代わりの者を補充する。
- Members should strictly adhere to rules and non-adherents will be expelled and new members recruited instead.
- また、東大寺は大仏建立に協力した宇佐八幡神を勧請して鎮守とした。
- Moreover, Todai-ji Temple made a branch shrine for deity of Usahachiman-shin, which helped erecting the Great Buddha.
- 市杵島姫命(いちきしまひめみこと)を祀り、航海の守護神とされた。
- Ichikishima hime no mikoto was enshrined there, and Ichikishima hime no mikoto was regarded as the protectorate god of journeys across the seas.
- これを受けて土岐持頼(康政の嫡子)が伊勢国守護の地位を奪われた。
- In response to the report, Mochiyori TOKI (Yasumasa's legitimate child) was removed from his position as shugo of Ise Province.
- が、守旧派の軍隊は開化派の軍隊との待遇が違うことに不満があった。
- However, the Conservative Party's troops were dissatisfied at being treated differently than the Progressive Party's military unit.
- 室町時代の守護は検断権だけでなく更に強力な統治権限が認められた。
- In the Muromachi Period, Shugo was given not only the right to judge criminal cases but also more powerful authority of administration.
- 晴信は、長尾氏との和睦の条件として、義輝に信濃守護職を要求した。
- As a condition to make peace with the Nagao clan, Harunobu requested that Yoshiteru should give his clan the shugo (provincial constable) post of Shinano Province.
- それから、平原村で河野主一郎部隊の守備を突破し、庄内を占領した。
- Then in Hirahara Village, the government army broke through the defense by Shuichiro KONO's troop and seized Shonai.
- 府中は中世・近世に生まれた地名で、当時の国府・守護所に由来する。
- '府中' (Fuchu) is a place name created in the Medieval and early Modern periods, derived from Kokufu and Shugo-sho (governor's office).
- その後、六波羅探題が兼務するようになり、守護所も六波羅となった。
- Later, Rokuhara Tandai held the post of the Province Shugo, and therefore, the office (Shugosho) was moved to Rokuhara.
- 清盛が為朝の守る西門を攻めるが、為朝の強弓の前に打ち負かされる。
- Kiyomori attacked the west gate guarded by Tametomo, but Tametomo, with his strong bow, defeated him.
- 現在においてはこの規則を遵守すれば誰でも入山出来るようになった。
- Today, anybody who follows the guideline can enter the mountain.
- 文治元年(1185年)守護地頭の補任が後白河法皇から許可される。
- In 1185, his appointment as Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) was authorized by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa
- これにより大津城の天守は望楼型の4重5階であったと考えられている。
- Based on the finding, the keep of Otsu-jo Castle is thought to have been a 'boro' (lookout tower) type of keep, and to have looked like a four-story building from the outside, but actually had five floors on the inside.
- その内、国宝に指定された現存天守のある国宝四城の一つに数えられる。
- It is also one of the four castles designated as National Treasure that have existing tenshu.
- 山崎城に詰めていた摂津国守護薬師寺国長は高槻城に逃亡してしまった。
- Kuninaga YAKUSHIJI, Shugo of Settsu Province, who had been at Yamazakijo Castle fled to Takatsukijo Castle.
- みちのくの 出羽の太守と 生れけむ この君にして 描ける 阿蘭陀絵
- You were born as the Lord of Dewa in Michinoku, that's why you can paint Dutch paintings.
- 永井直清(なおきよ)〔従五位下、日向守 書院番頭〕永井直勝の次男。
- Naokiyo NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hyuga no kami and Head of military patrol), the second son of Naokatsu NAGAI.
- 訳:全ての事は幕府の法令に従い、どこにおいてもこれを遵守すること。
- Translation: Everything must be carried out in obedience to the law of the bakufu you must observe it.
- これに激怒した守旧派の兵士達は倉庫係を暴行した後、倉庫に監禁した。
- This made soldiers of the Conservative Party furious, and they assaulted the warehouse keepers, shutting them in the warehouse.
- 北海道には10月26日に留守第七師団がおかれ、訓練と補充に当った。
- The Rusu (Absence) Seventh Division was placed in Hokkaido on October 26, which engaged in training and filling up vacancies.
- 672年 近江朝、宇治橋守に命じて大海人皇子の私糧運送を妨害させる
- 672: The Omi court ordered a hashimori (bridge guard) for the Uji Bridge to interfere with the transport of food for Prince Oamano.
- 1901年(明治34年)10月1日には舞鶴鎮守府が開庁されている。
- Maizuru Chinju-fu (Maizuru navy base) was established on October 1, 1901.
- 家系は鎮守府将軍藤原秀郷を祖とする川野辺氏の支流 那珂氏を祖とす。
- The clan originated from the Naka clan, a branch family of the Kawanobe clan whose ancestor was FUJIWARA no Hidesato, Chinjufu-shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
- 山号は福源山、開基は上杉憲方(寺伝では首藤経俊)、開山は密室守厳。
- The sango is Fukugensan, the Kaiki is Norikata UESUGI (Tsuneyoshi SUDO according to temple history), and the kaisan is Misshitsu shugon.
- 応仁の乱の末期に南北伊勢守護職は一色氏、次いで北畠氏に与えられた。
- On the final stage of Onin War, Shugoshiki in the northern and southern parts of Ise Province were assigned to the Isshiki clan, followed by Kitabatake clan.
- 信濃守護小笠原氏が伝えた文書群『小笠原文書』はこの家系に伝わった。
- 'The Book of Ogasawara,' the documents which were handed down by the Ogasawara clan of the military governor of Shinano Province, came down to that family line.
- 戦後に廃城となり、天守などが膳所城や彦根城に移築されたと伝えられる。
- Otsu-jo Castle was abandoned after the war, and some parts of the castle including the keep were reportedly transferred to Zeze-jo Castle or Hikone-jo Castle.
- が、守備兵は前夜のうちに海路紀伊へ退却していたので空振りに終わった。
- But the soldiers who guarded it had already withdrawn to Kii Province by ship, so that they could not attack them.
- しかし守護所の所在地がそのまま本拠地として用いられたケースもあった。
- However, some seats of Shugosho were still used as their home ground.
- 高国は右京大夫・管領となり、大内義興は左京大夫・山城国守護となった。
- Takakuni became kanrei and Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices), and Yoshioki OUCHI became Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and shugo of Yamashiro Province.
- 守護やその他武士らによる侵出に耐えながら存続した荘園も多数存在する。
- Many shoen persisted, enduring the invasion of Shugo and other samurai.
- 永井直種(なおたね)〔従五位下、日向守〕山城淀藩主・永井尚征の四男。
- Naotane NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hyuga no kami), the fourth son of Naoyuki NAGAI who was the clan of Yamashiro-Yodo Domain.
- 比企一族は一幡と若狭局を守って戦うが、多勢に無勢で勝ち目はなかった。
- Though the Hiki family fought to protect Ichiman and Wakasa no Tsubone, they had no chance to win as they were outnumbered by the Hojo.
- その事業は、岩倉使節団の外遊中に明治政府を率いた留守政府に託された。
- The above jobs were left to rusu-seifu (government while heads of government are away) which led the Meiji government while Iwakura Mission was on a trip abroad.
- 旧京都中央電話局西陣分局舎〔京都市上京区油小路通中立売下る甲斐守町〕
- Office building of former Nishijin Branch of Kyoto Central Telephone Office [Kainokami-cho, Aburakoji-dori Nakadachiuri-sagaru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City]
- 辺見と野村忍介が援兵を送り熊本隊を支援したが、官軍は守備を突破した。
- HENMI and Oshisuke NOMURA supported the Kumamoto-tai troop with reinforcements, but government army broke through the defense.
- 幕末に設置された京都守護職である会津藩主、松平容保の配下に置かれた。
- It was placed under the control of Katamori MATSUDAIRA, the feudal lord of the Aizu Clan, who held the position of Kyoto Shugoshoku, which was established during the last days of the shogunate.
- また、越後に残ったものは次第に守護上杉家の家臣に組み込まれていった。
- Further, those who remained in Echigo Province had gradually been incorporated in the vassals of the Shugo, Uesugi family.
- 海禁政策を守り倭寇を打ち破るため、明においては強力な水軍が養成された。
- During the Ming Dynasty a powerful navy was developed to maintain Kaikin Policy (a policy forbidding private people to trade with foreign countries) and to destroy wako.
- 院宮家は、自らの側近や血縁者を国守・受領に任命することが通例であった。
- It was customary that Innomiya families appointed their close retainers or relatives to kokushu and zuryo.
- 834年には、元は陸奥国印を使っていたのが新たに鎮守府印を賜っている。
- The official seal of Mutsu Province had been used in the Chinju-fu but in 834 an official seal of the Chinju-fu was created and supplied.
- 他、満元以下有力守護や公家たちが揃って謹慎・配流を命じられたのである。
- Also dominant shugo (military governors) including Mitsumoto and others, and court nobles, were all either put under house arrest or exiled.
- 永井直達(なおたつ)〔従五位下、日向守〕大和新庄藩主・永井直圓の長男。
- Naotatsu NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hyuga no kami), the oldest son of Naomitsu NAGAI who was the clan of Yamato-Shinjo Domain.
- 永井直期(なおざね)〔従五位下、飛騨守〕大和新庄藩主・永井直圓の五男。
- Naozane NAGAI (Jugoinoge, Hida no kami), the fifth son of Naomitsu NAGAI who was the clan of Yamato-Shinjo Domain.
- 良正は本拠の常陸国水守で兵を集めて将門の本拠豊田へ向かってくり出した。
- Yoshimasa gathered soldiers at his base in Mimori, Hitachi Province, then departed for Masakado's base in Toyoda.
- 稷山に日本軍が進出すると明・朝鮮軍では漢江を防衛線として守りを固める。
- When the Japanese army headed toward Shokusan, the Ming-Korean army drew a defensive line at Han-gang and strengthened its defenses.
- もっとも重いのは、城を攻略してそれを拒守した場合で、謀反と同じになる。
- The most serious level was conquest and occupation of a castle, which was treated the same as a scheme of disobedience.
- 官軍は3月15日、薩軍の守備を破り、ついに横平山(那智山)を占領した。
- On March 15, the government army finally broken the defense of the Satsuma army and occupied Mt. Yokohira (Mt. Nachi.)
- 松井忠次の代で徳川家康に従い、松平姓を受けて松平周防守康親と名乗った。
- Tadatsugu MATSUI first served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and later he was given the surname 'Matsudaira' and called himself Yasuchika Suo-no-kami MATSUDAIRA.
- セビリア万国博覧会に出展された安土城の復元天守(5・6階部分)を移築。
- This is the restored tenshu (the fifth and sixth storeys) of the Azuchi-jo Castle, which was exhibited at the Seville World Expo.
- 初祖の定政以来、山城守を世襲していたため「土岐山城守家」とも言われる。
- The Toki family was also called 'the Toki Yamashiro no kami family' because the members of it successively took over the posion of Yamashiro no kami from Sadamasa, who originated the family.
- 定政は、徳川が関東に移封された際、下総国の守谷市で一万石を与えられた。
- Sadamasa was given 10,000 koku (approximately 1.8 million liters of crop yield) in Moriya, Shimousa Province (Moriya domain) when the territory of the Tokugawa clan was transferred to Kanto region.
- 大岩山砦を守っていたのは中川清秀であったが、耐え切れず陥落、中川は討死。
- Oiwayama Fort, defended by Kiyohide NAKAGAWA, was unable to hold out and finally fell, while Nakagawa was killed.
- そこで忠恒は、義久、義弘の留守中に忠棟を呼び出し斬殺に到ったものである。
- Therefore, Tadatsune called Tadamune during the absence of Yoshihisa and Yoshihiro, and killed him.
- これら3国の国司筆頭官である国守には、必ず親王が補任されるようになった。
- In the case of these three provinces, Imperial Princes were always appointed to their kokushu, the head of provincial governors.
- (加賀藩家臣より本多氏・前田土佐守家を優遇し、常時の諸大夫を許される)。
- (The Honda family and the Maeda Tosa no Kami family, both retainers of the Maeda family, were treated preferentially, with the Shodaibu rank permitted ordinarily for each of them.)
- 稲目・尾興の死後は蘇我馬子、物部守屋(もののべのもりや)に代替わりした。
- After the death of Iname and Okoshi, SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya took over.
- 木俣守勝-守安-守明-守長-守盈-守貞-守将-守前-守易-清閑-幹-守迪
- Morikatsu KIMATA - Yoriyasu - Moriaki - Morinaga - Morimitsu - Morisada - Morimasa - Morimae - Moriyasu - Seikan - Kan - Morimichi
- 留守居番・目付・使番・書院番組頭・小姓組組頭・小十人頭・徒頭...1千石
- Rusuiban (a person responsible for caretaking and keeping), Metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), Tsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield), Shoinban-kumigashira (leader of the shogun's bodyguards), Koshogumi-kumigashira (head of page corps), Kojunin-kashira (head of escort guards) and Kachigashira (leader of the group walking first place in line and guarding streets for the shogun): 1,000 koku (of rice)
- 保守派(門閥派)の中には代々名門の家を受け継いできた上級武士が多かった。
- Among the conservatives, there were many high-ranking samurai who succeeded the family of pedigree for generations.
- 九鬼守隆の死後、五男の九鬼久隆と三男の九鬼隆季との間に家督争いが起こる。
- After Moritaka KUKI's death, Hisataka KUKI, the fifth son, and Takasue KUKI, the third son, had a succession dispute within the family.
- 587年(用明2年)天皇の仏教帰依について物部守屋と蘇我馬子が対立した。
- In 587, Moriya MONONOBE and Umako SOGA confronted each other regarding the Empress' faith in Buddhism.
- この唐使を送るため、倭国側は守大石らの送唐客使(実質遣唐使)を派遣した。
- In order to send Ryutokuko back to Tang, Wakoku dispatched MORI no Oishi and others as the Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty.
- そして室町将軍すら上回るほどの実力を蓄えた守護大名すら生まれるのである。
- Subsequently, even Shugo daimyos with power exceeding that of Shogun Muromachi were born.
- 城の兵力の大半は関ヶ原の戦いに出陣しており、守備兵力は2800人であった。
- The majority of the castle's forces had been sent away to fight in the battle of Sekigahara, leaving the garrison's strength at 2800 men.
- 古体派は明治維新後衰微しつつもなおその作風は受け継がれ、保守派と呼ばれた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, as the Kotai school entered a state of decline, the style was inherited by the Hoshu school.
- が、豊臣軍は宮部継潤らを中心にした1万の軍勢が空堀や板塀などを用いて堅守。
- But the Toyotomi army with 10,000 soldiers led by Keijun MIYABE, persistently protected the site utilizing karabori (dry moat) and a board fence.
- その後は京極氏の家臣となり、守護代の尼子氏の強い影響を受けるようになった。
- Thereafter, the Mitoya clan became the vassal of the Kyogoku clan and was strongly influenced by the Amago clan, the deputy provincial constable.
- 永正4年(1507年)、為景が越後守護上杉房能を殺害する際に支援している。
- The Takanashi clan helped Tamekage assassinate Fusayoshi UESUGI, the governor of Echigo, in 1507.
- そして南北朝時代 (日本)以後には守護が令制国の支配権を得るようになった。
- Then, after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Shugo came to take control of the provinces.
- この御厨は、同年8月に、下総守(藤原親通)の庁宣によって正式に認められた。
- This Mikuriya was officially permitted in September 1130 by an official notice from the Shimosa no kami (provincial governor of Shimosa Province), FUJIWARA no Chikamichi.
- また、守護や荘園領主なども私段銭と呼ばれる私的な段銭を徴収するようになる。
- At the same time, provincial governors and owners of manors began collecting shitansen, which was private tansen.
- また、義澄方に参戦し自刃した「遊佐河内守」なる人物がいたことが分っている。
- Moreover, it has been known that there was 'Yusa, the Governor of Kawachi Province' who joined Yoshizumi's force and killed himself.
- 多胡真蔭(津和野藩亀井氏家老。吉良上野介のイジメから藩主を守ったと伝わる)
- Sanekake TAKO (A Karo officer of the Kamei family in the Tsuwano domain. It is said that he protected the lord of his domain from being bullied by Kira Kozuke no Suke.)
- ただし、「生類憐れみの令を100年守ること」を綱吉はわざわざ遺言している。
- However, Tsunayoshi left a will 'to keep the law for 100 years'.
- 奈良時代から平安時代にかけて寺院の守護のために僧兵の武器として威力を発揮。
- It was widely used as a weapon by monk soldiers to protect their temples during Nara period and Heian period.
- 家守(やもり)の代表である月行事(がちぎょうじ)が町を代表するようになる。
- Then, Gachi-gyoji who was a representative of Yamori came to be a representative of a town.
- また朝鮮の郡守、面長(内地の郡長、村長に相当)は原則として朝鮮人であった。
- County magistrates and village mayors in Korea (equivalent of Guncho and Soncho in the mainland) were the Koreans in principle.
- 破竹隊は小林を守備していたが、7月11日、官軍第2旅団によって占領された。
- Kobayashi, defended by Hachikutai, was seized by the 2nd brigade of the government army on July 11.
- また、かつて舞鶴鎮守府が設置されていた関係で、旧海軍に由来する施設も多い。
- Also, due to the location of Maizuru Chinju-fu, many old navy related facilities are still located in the area.
- さらに、同時期に陸奥国在住で後に権守となった藤原説貞と同格に扱われている。
- Moreover, in this document, Tsunekiyo was treated on an equal basis with FUJIWARA no Tokisada, who resided in Mutsu Province around the time and later became Gon no kami (a provisional governor).
- 金堂の東側は国分寺の鎮守社である御霊神社 (加茂町)の境内地だったとされる。
- On the east side of Kon-do was the grounds of Goryo-jinja Shrine (in Kamo-cho), a Chinju-sha Shrine (a protecting shrine) of Kokubun-ji Temple.
- それまでにない半済や守護請の権限を獲得し荘園への収税権をかけることができた。
- They obtained the authority to impose taxes on shoen based on new systems like hanzei (a system under which Shugo were allowed to collect half of the taxes from shoen) and shugouke (the contract system under which the owner of a shoen entrusted a Shugo to manage their shoen and pay customs).
- 後に私段銭は守護大名・戦国大名による領主的な賦課へと転換していくことになる。
- Shitansen developed into a form of feudal landlord-tax imposed by provincial governors and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).
- 子の土岐頼行は幼少のため、減封により1万石にて下総国守谷に再び移封となった。
- His child, Yoriyuki TOKI, was still so young, so was forced to return to Moriya City, Shimousa Province with 10,000 koku, a diminished territory.
- 下総国守谷市より土岐定義が2万石で入るが、元和5年(1619年)定義が死去。
- Sadayoshi TOKI entered with 20,000 koku from Moriya City, Shimousa Province, but died in 1619.
- 崇仏、排仏論争は蘇我氏が語り伝えたもので、馬子と守屋の政治権力闘争であった。
- Stories of the disputes over the worship or abolishment of Buddhism were handed down by the Soga clan, but there really existed a struggle for political power between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
- また隊員も両班の子弟が中心だったことから、守旧派と待遇が違うのは当然だった。
- Besides, as the members of the unit were mainly young people from the yangban (literally, 'the two groups', an elite class at the peak of society during the Joseon Dynasty), the way they were treated could not be the same as the soldiers of the Conservative Party.
- 孝謙上皇は仲麻呂の邸に勅使紀船守を送り、官位の剥奪と藤原姓の剥奪を通告した。
- The Retired Empress Koken sent imperial messenger KI no Funamori to the residence of Nakamaro and informed that he should be divested of official court rank as well as the kabane (hereditary title) of Fujiwara.
- 義材は京を脱出した後、越中守護代神保長誠の放生津城(射水市中新湊)に入った。
- Yoshiki (another name for Yoshitane) entered Hojozu-jo Castle (at Nakashinminato, Imizu City) of Naganobu JINBO, Ecchu shugodai (deputy of shugo, provincial constable) after escaping from Kyoto.
- 国府・守護所に由来する府中地名は、北海道と沖縄を除く日本各地に存在している。
- The place-names of Fuchu, which are derived from Kokufu or shugosho exist everywhere in Japan, except Hokkaido or Okinawa.
- 蘇我氏打倒後、保守派は百済重視外交を推し進め、白村江の戦いでそれが破綻する。
- After the fall of the Soga clan, the conservatives moved ahead with the Baekje focused policy, which failed when the Battle of Hakusukinoe (the battle of Baekgan) broke out.
- 7月19日には都城危急の知らせにより高野の雷撃隊は庄内へ移動し守りを固めた。
- On July 19, having got the report that Miyakonojo was in a crisis, Raigeki-tai in Takano moved to Shonai to reinforce the defensive power.
- 西京区の山田地区には秦河勝末孫の東家の墓が京都市街を見守るように立っている。
- The tomb of the To family (東家), descendants of the HATA no Kawakatsu, stands in the Yamada area in Nishikyo Ward, almost as if watching over the urban area of Kyoto.
- 1392年(元中9年/明徳3年) 足利義満、大山崎に守護不入の権限を与える。
- 1392: Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA gave Oyamazaki the right to prohibit the Shugo (provincial constable) from entering the territory.
- 鎌倉時代から信濃国に本拠を移し、室町時代には幕府から信濃の守護に任ぜられた。
- Since the Kamakura period, it transferred its home to Shinano Province and was assigned to serve as Shinano shugo (the Governor of Shinano Province) by the bakufu in the Muromachi period.
- 鎌倉幕府の打倒、室町幕府の創設に寄与し、守護大名の一人として勢威を振るった。
- The clan contributed to toppling the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as well as setting up the Muromachi bakufu, and enjoyed the domination as one of the shugo daimyo (Shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords).
- 農作業は、集落住民と守る会会員、棚田オーナー(113組・517人)が参加する。
- The villagers, members of Senmaida hozonkai and owners of Tanada (517 people in 113 groups) participate in agricultural tasks.
- 山名氏の没落後は新たに守護となった京極高詮に従い、山名氏残党討伐を行っている。
- After the Yamana clan perished, the Mitoya clan raised the army with Takanori KYOGOKU, who became the new shugo, and defeated the remnants of Yamana clan.
- 守護の政治的権限の拡大とともに政庁所在地としての機能が国衙より移されていった。
- With the expansion of political power of Shugo, the functions of Kokuga (provincial government offices) were shifted to Shugosho.
- 鎮守府(ちんじゅふ)は、陸奥国に置かれた古代日本における軍政を司る役所である。
- Chinju-fu is an office in charge of military affairs in ancient Japan, located in Mutsu Province.
- 8世紀後半には、その寺院に関係のある神を寺院の守護神、鎮守とするようになった。
- In the late eighth century, temples recognized a deity that was related to them as their guardian deity or tutelary shrine.
- 16日の除目で、義仲は伊予守、行家は備前守に遷った(『百錬抄』8月16日条)。
- At the Jimoku of September 11, Yoshinaka was transferred to the post of Iyo no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) and Yukiie to the post of Bizen no kami (Governor of Bizen Province) ('Hyakuren sho,' entry of September 11).
- 一方、長州藩内部では下関戦争の後に藩論が分裂し、保守派(俗論派)が政権を握る。
- On the other hand, the opinions within the Choshu Domain were divided after the Shimonoseki War, and the conservatives (conventional party) were controlling the administration of the domain.
- 守屋は蘇我氏の寺を襲い、仏像は川に投げ入れ、寺は焼くということをしてしまった。
- Moriya attacked the Soga clan's temple and threw the statue into the river, then set the temple on fire.
- 留守政府では朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論が争われ、使節の帰国後に明治6年の政変に至る。
- While they were away, Japanese government without them called Rusu-seifu (government while heads of government are away) had a debate over Japan's dispatching of troops to Korea, Seikanron, which led to political changes in 1873 after the delegation returned.
- (以上出典は『東町奉行一式山城守直温旧蔵三郷並穢多村兵庫西宮塩飽島人数高帳』)
- (Source: a population registry titled 'Higashimachi bugyo isshiki Yamashiro-no-kami Naoatsu Kyuzo Sango narabini Etamura Hyogo Nishinomiya Shiwakujima Ninzudaka-cho')
- 旗奉行・槍奉行・西城留守居・新番頭・作事奉行・普請奉行・小普請奉行...2千石
- Hata-bugyo (in charge of taking care of flags of Suwahossho), Yari-bugyo (magistrate of spear), Nishijo-rusui (caretaker or keeper of west castle), Shinbangashira (person in charge of guarding the shogun and inspecting arms), Sakuji-bugyo (commissioners of building), Fushin-bugyo (shogunate administrator of activities by a community, such as cleaning or fixing stone wall) and Kobushin-bugyo (shogunate administrator of minor repairs of houses): 2,000 koku (of rice)
- 1950年2月8日、京都市長選挙、高山義三当選、革新市政成立(やがて保守へ)。
- February 8, 1950: A reformist municipal government (which subsequently became conservative) was established with Yoshizo TAKAYAMA's win in the Kyoto City mayoral election.
- しかし派遣された両班たちには保守的な者が多く、あまり成果は無かったといわれる。
- However, many of the dispatched yangban were conservatives, so that it was said that little was achieved.
- 迂回を余儀なくされた西郷軍は9月1日、官軍の守備隊を撃破して鹿児島に潜入した。
- Being forced to detour, Saigo's forces crushed the defenders' troop of the government army and infiltrated into Kagoshima on September 1.
- 守護に任命しただけではなく、京極持清に従わない者は知行地を没収する特権も持った。
- He not only appointed Mochikiyo KYOGOKU to be the Shugo, but also obtained a special privilege to confiscate chigyo-chi (territory) from those who did not obey Mochikiyo KYOGOKU.
- 5・6重は八角堂に熊本城天守のような内高欄廻縁の四方の望楼が乗るような姿である。
- The fifth story above ground was octagonal, carrying the sixth story, a lookout tower with a square ground plan, veranda and balustrade, which is believed to be similar to the castle tower of Kumamoto-jo Castle.
- 明治13年に来聴した楊守敬が紹介した北碑の資料に啓発され、北碑派の書が流行した。
- In 1880, Yang Shoujing came to Japan and introduced Hokuhi (epitaphs from the Northern Wei dynasty), by which people were enlightened and books of the Hokuhi school became popular.
- 留守中の大名領地に太閤検地が行われ、豊臣政権の統治力と官僚的な集団が強化された。
- Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's nationwide land survey) was conducted for territories of daimyo who were absent and the governing power and bureaucratic group of the Toyotomi government were strengthened.
- 天皇の行幸の際には漏刻博士1名と守辰丁12名が漏刻とともに随従する義務があった。
- During an imperial visit, one Rokoku Hakase and 12 Shushincho were obliged to join the procession, along with the rokoku.
- 島津軍は川上忠実に数百の兵を与えて泗川古城を守らせ、およそ1万石の食糧を置いた。
- Shimazu Army provided several hundred soldiers to Tadazane KAWAKAMI to defend the old Sacheon Waeseong and left ten thousand koku (1 koku=180.4 liters) worth of food.
- 室町時代末期には、新守護の京極氏に従い、出雲国の有力国人として成長を遂げている。
- Late in the Muromachi period, the Misawa clan achieved considerable growth as local samurai of Izumo Province under a new provincial constable, the Kyogoku clan.
- 『今昔物語集』巻19第4話「摂津守満仲出家せる語」の出だしは次のようにはじまる。
- The 'Story of Mitsunaka, who was the Settsu no kami (lord of Settsu Province) that underwent shukke (become a Buddhist monk)' of the Volume 19 Story 4 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' began like this.
- ややもすれば、国人の配下が幕府や守護に願い出て国人として自立を図ることもあった。
- In some cases, subordinates of Kokujin became independent Kokujin by appealing to the bakufu or the Shugo.
- 国人領主も幕府の奉公衆の地位を得て守護の干渉を防いだり逆に牽制することもあった。
- A number of Kokujin ryoshu protected themselves from intervention by a Shugo or checked the movements of Shugo by obtaining the status of bakufu hokoshu (a military post of the bakufu).
- 大永6年(1526年)7月、丹波守護細川尹賢の讒言により、高国が香西元盛を謀殺。
- In August of 1526, Takakuni murdered Motomori KOZAI due to false charges made by the shugo of Tanba Province, Tadakata HOSOKAWA.
- 鎌倉期の守護には大犯三ヶ条の検断権と大番役の指揮監督権しか与えられていなかった。
- In the Kamakura period, Shugo was only assigned the right of Taibon sankajo (three basic rights of shugo, the provincial constable) and the right to supervise as part of Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto).
- 通常は従五位上から従六位従六位であるのに対して親王任国の太守は正四位下とされた。
- While the rank of kokushu were normally from Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) to Jurokuinoge (Junior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade), that of Imperial Prince Taishu of Shinno-ningoku was Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 802年、坂上田村麻呂によって胆沢城が造営されると、多賀城から鎮守府が移された。
- In 802, when SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro built Isawa-jo Castle, Chinju-fu was relocated from Taga-jo Castle to Isawa-jo Castle.
- 初期のものには寺社・本所関係、守護・地頭関係など全国的な広がりを持つ法令が多い。
- In the early days, many statutes regulated nationwide matters, such as temples, shrines, honjo (the administrative headquarters of a shoen), shugo (provincial constable), and jito (manager and lord of manor).
- そして、10日、義仲を従五位下・左馬頭・越後守、行家を従五位下・備後守に任じた。
- And on September 5, he appointed Yoshinaka as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Sama no kami (Captain of Samaryo, Left Division of Bureau of Horses) and Echigo no kami (Provincial Governor of Echigo), and Yukiie as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank. Lower Grade) Bingo no kami (Provincial Governor of Bingo).
- 安田義定が『吾妻鏡』の三人の大将の一人に挙げられ、山の手を守る教経を討っている。
- 'Azuma Kagami' depicts Yoshisada YASUDA, who was one of the three generals, killing Noritsune, who guarded the fortress on the hilly section of the city.
- 高杉らが藩政の主導権を握り藩の保守勢力を一掃すると、長州藩の方針は倒幕に定まる。
- Choshu Domain set their policy as overthrowing the Shogunate after TAKASUGI wiped out conservative power by taking the initiative in the administration of the domain.
- 14日、紀州・津の藩兵が吉村寅太郎らの守る天の辻を攻撃、吉村は天の辻を放棄した。
- On October 26, soldiers of Kishu Domain and Tsu Domain attacked Ten no Tsuji that was defended by Torataro YOSHIMURA, leading him to abandon Ten no Tsuji.
- 最後に「可被相守此旨者也」(このむねをあいまもらるべきものなり)と書かれている。
- Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto' is concluded with the sentence 'the above-mentioned things should be observed.'
- それとともに、開化派を支援する日本と守旧派を支援する清との対立も表面化してきた。
- With this, conformation between Japan supporting the Enlightenment Party and China supporting the Conservative Party became prominent.
- 永禄4年(1561年)3月、景虎は小田原城を包囲するが、守りが堅く攻めあぐねた。
- In March of 1561, Kagetora sieged Odawara-jo Castle, but was unable to mount a successful offensive, because the defense was tight.
- 北吸浄水場 - 配水池と上屋が「舞鶴旧鎮守府水道施設」として国の重要文化財に指定
- Kitasui water purification plant ? this distribution reservoir and facility shed has been designated as a nationally important cultural asset, and labeled the 'Former Maizuru Chinju-fu water supply facility.'
- 京からの東下りにおいては最初の宿泊地で「京立ち守山泊まり」と言われ繁栄した宿場。
- For travellers, Moriyamajuku became widely known and thrives as the first stopover point on the route from Kyoto heading toward east, recognized by the saying, 'Kyo-dachi, Moriyama-domari (leave Kyoto and sleep over in Moriyama).'
- また、伊勢北半国守護の一色義直が西軍であったことも政康が東軍に属した理由である。
- One of the reasons for Masayasu's belonging to the East squad was that Yoshinao Isshiki, who was Hankoku Shugo in the northern part of Ise Province, was in the West squad.
- 純玄は軍役担当に従って兵700を出陣させ, 五島八郎兵衛盛長を城代留守役に命じた。
- Sumiharu sent 700 soldiers according to the military role allocated to him, and assigned Hachirobe Morinaga GOTO as Jodai (the keeper of castle) and rusuyaku (the proxy governor).
- これは明智秀満が天守に火を放ち光秀の妻子もろとも落城した時のものと考えられている。
- It is considered that the soil was scorched when Hidemitsu AKECHI killed himself with Mitsuhide's wife and his children by setting the tenshu on fire.
- 2月20日には依田信蕃が守備する田中城を包囲すると、城内に使者を送り開城を促した。
- On February 20, 1582, after placing Tanaka-jo Castle, defended by Nobushige YODA, under siege, Ieyasu sent an emissary to the inside of the castle, and recommended the surrender of castle.
- 終戦後の残務処理は整然と進み、田結穣舞鶴鎮守府司令長官もその手際を絶賛したという。
- After-war administration was conducted smoothly and the chief of the Maizuru Rear Unit Headquarters, Minoru TAYUI, extended the highest praises.
- 守護は検断権のみが認められていたのであり、国衙の統治権を侵害する存在ではなかった。
- Shugo had an approved power only applicable in the right to judge criminal cases and did not disturb the sovereignty of the Kokuga.
- 丹波と丹後の国境を守る神様が祀られており、福知山藩の鎮守としても栄えた神社である。
- Shrine in which a deity protecting the border between Tanba Province and Tango Province is enshrined, and which flourished as a village shrine of the Fukuchiyama clan.
- 通高は守護佐竹義篤 (九代当主)(佐竹氏第九代当主)の娘を娶り、度々軍功をあげた。
- Michitaka married a daughter of Yoshiatsu SATAKE (the ninth head of the Satake family) who was working as a Shugo (provincial constable), and sometimes established distinguished military records.
- (昭和53年成立)北山ノ森町、北・中・南川上町、北・南今原町、北鎮守菴町、南大栗町
- (Established in 1978) Kita Yamanomori-cho, Kita Kawakami-cho, Naka Kawakami-cho, Minami Kawakami-cho, Kita Imahara-cho, Minami Imahara-cho, Kita Chinjuan-cho, Minami Okuri-cho
- 城郭建築が発達し、権力のシンボル的な天守閣が築かれ、御殿は華麗な障壁画で装飾された。
- This period saw the development of castle architecture, so feudal lords constructed tenshukaku (the keep or tower) as the symbol of their power, and goten (the palace) was decorated with gorgeous shoheki-ga (paintings on walls, byobu (folding screen), and fusuma (sliding door)).
- 島津軍は勢いづき大友義統が放棄した府内城を陥落させて、宗麟の守る丹生島城を包囲した。
- Encouraged by their victory, the Shimazu army captured Funai-jo Castle, which had been abandoned by Yoshimune OTOMO, and besieged Nyushima-jo Castle, which was defended by Sorin.
- しかし、これによって守護などの武家が各地の荘園などに事実上の押領を行うこととなった。
- As a repercussion, however, samurai families, such as the Shugo, were effectively seizing land in various districts, including Shoen.
- 斎藤は後から斬りかかられ命を落としそうになったが梅戸勝之進(平隊士)が斎藤を守った。
- Saito was slashed from behind and was on the verge of losing his life: however, Katsunoshin UMEDO (Hira taishi (common soldier)) saved him.
- これを請け、陸奥守源頼俊は延久2年(1070年)に軍を編成し、国府を発ち、北上する。
- Upon the Imperial order of Emperor Gosanjo, the governor of Mutsu Province MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi organized troops in 1070, and left the provincial capital of Mutsu going up to the north.
- 更に、鎌倉の留守を守っていた三浦時高が守備を放棄して退き、寝返って鎌倉へ攻め込んだ。
- In addition, Tokitaka MIURA who had defended Kamakura as a caretaker deserted the service and withdrew to attack Kamakura, changing sides.
- 政康は東軍によって伊勢北半国守護に任じられ、伊勢の支配を巡って北畠教具と戦っている。
- Masayasu was assigned to serve as Hankoku Shugo in the northern part of Ise Province by the East squad, and fought against Noritomo KITABATAKE over the ruling of Ise Province.
- その1派である明智氏は、土岐氏初代である美濃守護土岐頼貞の九男頼基を祖とするという。
- The Akechi clan, the collateral line of the Toki clan, who produced daimyo, is said to have been the descendant of Yorimoto Toki, the ninth son of Yorisada Mino, who was the first Mino no Shugo from the Toki clan.
- なお、長清の子孫には小笠原氏が守護となった阿波に土着した者がおり阿波小笠原氏となる。
- In addition, some of the descendents of Nagakiyo who settled in Awa where the Ogasawara clan became the shugo, became the Awa-Ogasawara clan.
- だが、豊臣秀吉軍が城を囲む中、明智秀満自身が天守に火を放ち光秀の妻子もろとも落城した。
- Surrounded by the army of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Hidemitsu AKECHI set a fire on the tenshu by himself and killed himself and Mitsuhide's wife and children.
- だが、彼らが守りを固めていた和泉の前衛城砦群は、上方勢の攻撃開始から三日間で崩壊した。
- However, the vanguard castles and forts in Izumi Province which they guarded were destroyed in three days after the Kamigata army began to attack.
- 叛乱勢力であり親王任国の慣習を守る必要は無いのだが、伝統として定着していたのであろう。
- Being a rebel, he was not obliged to observe the custom of Shinno-ningoku, but it seems this custom took root as a tradition.
- 鎮守府は通常の守備と城柵の造営・維持など陸奥国内の軍政を主な任務としていたと言われる。
- The Chinju-fu is said to have been in charge of military affairs in Mutsu Province, including ordinary defense and the construction and maintenance of josaku (official defense site).
- このように、鎮守府の本来の性格は、正にこの平常時での統治であり、非常時の征討ではない。
- Thus the Chinju-fu was originally designed to serve as a peacetime governing institution, not to subdue barbarians in emergencies.
- 都に下野国守源義家から、基通が印と鍵を持参して投降して来たので逮捕したとの報がはいる。
- The governor of Shimotsuke Province, MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, notified the Imperial Court that Motomichi surrendered to him along with the seal and the key of the provincial official.
- 御館は、御広間・御小書院・御大書院・御居間・台所・御局・御守殿などから構成されていた。
- Mitachi was composed of onhiroma (a hall), gokoshoin (small study), godaishoin (large study), ima (a living room), daidokoro (a kitchen), mitsubone (room for dignified lady) and goshuden (room for legal wife) and so on.
- 1~12条が天皇家および公家が厳守すべき諸規定、13条以下が僧の官位についての諸規定。
- Articles 1 to 12 are regulations what the Imperial family and the court nobles should have observed; and Articles 13 to the end are regulations on the official court rank of monks.
- 国衙には、律令の規定に基づいて守・介・掾・目の国司四等官と書記官である史生が勤務した。
- Under regulations of the Ritsuryo codes, the Kokuga employed the kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor) as follows: Kami (director of the provincial governors): Suke (vice governor of provincial offices, the second ranking government official): Jo (facilities manager, secretary of provincial offices, the third ranking government official): Sakan (clerk of provincial offices, the fourth ranking government official) and a secretary called Shisho (a clerk, a person doing miscellaneous duties on documents).
- また棄捐令を発して旗本・御家人らの救済を図るなど、保守的、理想主義的な傾向が強かった。
- It had a strong conservative and idealistic orientation, such as debt cancellation orders to give relief to direct vassals of the shogunate (hatamoto) and low-level retainers.
- 664年(天智2年)筑紫に大宰府を守る水城を造り、対馬・隠岐・筑紫に防人や烽を置いた。
- In 664, they built a castle in the province of Chikushi in Kyushu to defend Dazaifu (the political center in northern Kyushu at the time) and forts in Tsushima, Oki and Chikushi with sakimori (coastguards) stationed there.
- 一方、敷根・上段を守備していた行進隊八番中隊は、官軍の攻撃を受け、福原山へと退却した。
- On the other hand, the 8th company of Koshin-tai, which had defended Shikine and Jodan, was attacked by the government army and retreated to Fukuharayama.
- 前回に引き続き少数激戦となり、総じて市長与党的な立場にある保守系議員が得票を伸ばした。
- As had happened previously, the election was strongly contested, with mayor-supporting ruling-party candidates, such as those of a conservative bent generally garnering the votes.
- 1621年からは徳川家光の兵法指南役となり、1629年には従五位下但馬国守を叙任する。
- In 1621, he became the instructor of Heiho for Iemitsu TOKUGAWA; and in 1629, he was appointed to Tajima-no-kuni no kami (Governor of Tajima Province) and given a court rank, Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- この「守山」の地名は、比叡山延暦寺の東の関門として、東門院が創建されたことに由来する。
- The name 'Moriyama' derives from the construction of 'Tomon-in' Gate that served as the eastern gate of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.
- 1606年(慶長11年)2期までの工事が完了し、同年の天守完成と同じ頃に直継が入城した。
- In 1606 the second-phase construction was completed, and in the same year Naotsugu entered the castle at about the same time of completion of building the tenshu.
- また、加賀藩大工に伝わる「天守指図」等があり、それを安土城天主の平面設計図であるとした。
- There are also various historical materials, including 'Tenshu sashizu' that has been handed down among carpenters in the Kaga Domain, which are believed to be blueprints of the Azuchi-jo Castle keep.
- そのため、秀長や黒田孝高らも島津軍の後詰(救援)を警戒して根白坂の守備を特に固めていた。
- Therefore, Hidenaga and Yoshikata KURODA heavily guarded Nejirozaka in preparation for an attack from behind by the Shimazu army.
- 3日、今度は岸和田勢が紀州側の五か所の付城を攻め、これを守る泉南の地侍らと激戦となった。
- On the 15th, the Kishiwada army attacked the five branch castles of the Kishu side and fought fiercely with jizamurai who guarded them.
- 国人衆は畠山氏の守護としての動員権を認めながらも、所領経営においては自立した存在だった。
- Kokujin-shu admitted the military mobilization right of the Hatakeyama clan as Shugo, but they were independent in the management of their territories.
- 戦後の論功として、清原貞衡は鎮守府将軍に任ぜられたが、源頼俊に対する行賞は何もなかった。
- Although KIYOHARA no Sadahira was granted a reward to be appointed as Chinjufu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defence of the North) for the victory, MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi did not receive any reward.
- しかし、鉄砲を主力とする守戦を念頭に置いていたため、武田の騎馬隊を誘い込む狙いであった。
- Keeping in mind his strategy in which the teppo units would play a central role, he also attempted to decoy Takeda's cavalry into it.
- 都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の中心部には大阪市のほか、東大阪市・門真市・守口市が含まれる。
- The central region of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least ten percent of the suburban population commutes to the central city) includes the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma and Moriguchi.
- 織豊系城郭と呼ばれ、野面積み石垣が用いられるようになり、天守を持つ城郭建築が主流となる。
- They were referred to as Shokuho-type castles, stone walls made from piled-up field stones (野面積み石垣) were starting to be used, and generally castles with castle towers were constructed.
- 叡尊が西大寺の鎮守八幡宮に茶を奉納し、お下がりの茶を参詣人にふるまったのが起源とされる。
- As legend goes, the origin of this event is that Eison dedicated tea to Chinju-Hachimangu Shrine of Saidai-ji Temple and entertained visitors with tea that had been offered.
- 尊皇攘夷派は勢力挽回を試みており、京都守護職は新撰組を用いて市内の警備や探索を行わせる。
- The 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' faction was trying to recover its strength, and the Kyoto protectorate used the Shinsen-gumi for security and searches in the city.
- 『兼見卿記』の筆者でもある吉田兼見は、短文ながら天守の壮大さに驚いている様子が伺え知れる。
- From his sentence, though it is short, the surprise at the magnificence of the castle by Kanemi YOSHIDA, the author of 'Kanemi-kyo Ki,' can be imagined.
- 秀長率いる軍は豊後を経由し日向に入ると県を経由し山田有信の守る高城 (新納院)を包囲する。
- The army led by Hidenaga entered Hyuga via Bungo, and then sieged Taka-jo Castle (Niiroin) defended by Arinobu YAMADA via Agata.
- 絵本太閤記では、泗川城(泗川古城)を守備していたのは伊勢兵部少輔定正(貞昌)となっている。
- According to Ehon Taikoki, the one that defended Sacheon Waeseong (Old Sacheon Waeseong) was Sadamasa (his name was written as 定正 or 貞昌 with same pronunciation), who had the title of Ise Hyobu shoyu (junior assistant minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of War in Ise Province).
- 室町時代中期の時点でも守護畠山氏の紀伊支配は寺社勢力の協力なしには成り立たない状況だった。
- Even in the middle of the Muromachi period, the Hatakeyama clan, who was Shugo (provincial constable), could not control Kii Province without cooperation of temple and shrine powers.
- 地方の御家人が守護への補任により勢力を拡大させたり、中央政界に進出するきっかけをも作った。
- Assuring local gokenin as the position of shugo (provincial constable) led them become more powerful and extend their influence to the national politics.
- そして、高経に対し「急ぎ(守護国へ)下向すべし。さもなくば治罰する」と命じる使者を送った。
- Then, he dispatched an envoy to Takatsune and ordered him to 'Immediately go (to a province whose shugo is yourself). Otherwise, I will punish you.'
- この時期の将軍は按察使または陸奥守を兼任するのが通例で、中には3官を兼任する場合もあった。
- In those days, the shogun generally doubled as Azechi (inspector of the provincial government) or as Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), and some even held three positions at once.
- 根来衆の佐武伊賀守が天文18年(1549年)に鉄砲を習い始める、という記述が見受けられる。
- There is a description that a member of Negoroshu, Iganokami SATAKE, started to learn how to use a gun in 1549.
- また、村民の法令遵守・上意下達・人別支配・土地の管理などの支配に関わる諸業務を下請けした。
- Also, they subcontracted various business concerning the control over the village's residents: Horei junshu (compliance with laws and ordinances), Joikatatsu (conveying the will of the governing to the governed), Ninbetsu shihai (census-taking control), and land management.
- 道中この軍規がほぼ守られたため通過地の領民は安堵し、好意的に迎え入れる町も少なくなかった。
- Since these internal rules were observed during their way to Kyoto, people of the domains they passed by felt relieved and more than a few of the towns actually welcomed them nicely.
- その結果、室町前期のうちに国衙機構は守護所に取り込まれ、ほとんどの国衙は実質的に消滅した。
- As a result, during the early Muromachi Period, the political structure of the Kokuga was absorbed by Shugosho and practically most of Kokuga disappered.
- このとき明・朝鮮軍では全羅道と慶尚道との道境付近にある南原城と黄石山城で守りを固めていた。
- The Ming-Korean army was increasing its defenses at Namwon and Hwangsoksan castles, between the road boundary of Chilcheollyang and Gyeongsang-do.
- するとここを守る明将陳愚衷は恐れをなして逃走したため戦うことなく8月24日全州を占領した。
- Chin, the defending Ming warrior, was afraid and fled without engaging, and the Japanese conquered Jeonju on October 5.
- 4月30日、常山隊三番中隊は中村、遊撃隊六番小隊春田吉次は頭治などそれぞれ要地を守備した。
- On April 30, the 3rd company of the Jozan-tai troop and Kichiji HARUTA of the 6th platoon of the Yugeki-tai troop took positions to guard the strategic places of Nakamura and Toji, respectively.
- 又、城下町として栄えた西舞鶴と違い、1901年に舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、軍港として発展した。
- Unlike Nishi-Maizuru, which thrived as a castle town, Higashi-Maizuru developed with a naval and army base since the establishment of Maizuru Chinju-fu, Maizuru army and navy bases in 1901.
- この佐々木氏は、源頼朝が関東地方で勃興するとこれに積極的に加わり、近江一国の守護職を得た。
- When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in the Kanto region, the Omi Sasaki clan took part in it positively and gained Omi shugoshiki (provincial constables of Omi Province).
- 陵戸は天皇や皇族の陵墓の守衛、官戸と官奴婢は官田の耕作、家人と私奴婢は私家の雑用に従事した。
- Ryoko were engaged in the protection of the mausoleums of emperors and imperial family members; kanko and kunuhi in the cultivation of government-owned land; and kenin and shinuhi in the performance of chores for private households.
- 夫の官位が従三位以上なら「御守殿様」、正四位上以下なら「御住居様(おすまいさま)」であった。
- She was called 'Goshudensama' when her husband's official rank was Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher, and 'Osumaisama' when Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) or lower.
- 同年の南朝軍の摂津国侵入を阻止できなかったことから高経が道誉の摂津守護職を解いたためという。
- It is said that the above movement was triggered by the fact that Takatsune removed Doyo from the post of the Governor of Settsu Province on the ground of his failure in stopping the invasion of Southern Court's forces into Settsu Province in the same year.
- 義仲は入京した同盟軍の武将を周辺に配置して、自らは中心地である九重(左京)の守護を担当した。
- Placing busho (military commanders) of the allied troops that had entered the capital on the outskirts of the capital, Yoshinaka took charge of guarding Kokonoe (Sakyo), the central area.
- その後玄蕃はせめて赤穂浪士たちが本懐を遂げるまでこの両国橋で守りにつこうと仁王立ちになった。
- After that, Genba decided to stand strongly to guard Ryogokubashi at least until the Ako Roshi attained their long-cherished plan.
- 禄制改革をはじめとする留守政府の政策に対しては反対意見も存在し、農民一揆なども勃発していた。
- Some people were opposed to the policies of Rusu-seifu including reforms of the stipend system, and peasant uprisings occurred in many places.
- しかしながら、やはり予想通り袁世凱率いる清軍が王宮を守る日本軍に攻め寄りクーデター派は敗退。
- However, the Qing army led by Shikai YUAN attacked the Japanese army which was guarding the imperial palace as it was expected, and the coup group was defeated.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に戦乱が全国に及ぶと、守護大名の力が増大し、国衙も支配するようになった。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when disturbances of war spread throughout the country, shugo daimyo (military governors) increased their power and started to govern Kokuga.
- 一方で、この思想を基本とする保守派知識人達は戦後世代から「オールドリベラリスト」と呼ばれる。
- The conservative intellectuals that uphold this idea are called 'old liberalists' by postwar generations of researchers.
- しかし、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて守護として君臨した島津氏の下風に立たされることとなった。
- However, during the Kamakura period and Muromachi period, the Gamo clan had to bear under the reigns of the Shimazu clan which had been Shugo.
- ここでは東西両軍に参加した守護大名や豪族を列挙するが、時期によっては去就が異なる場合がある。
- Shugo daimyos and influential local lords who participated in the Eastern and Western camps will be listed below, but it has to be noted that the same persons sometimes belonged to a different side.
- 同年…頼朝が朝廷から守護・地頭の設置を認められる(文治の勅許:軍事・警察・土地支配権の確立)。
- The same year - Yoritomo received approval from the Imperial Court to appoint Shugo and Jito (the Bunji imperial sanction: the establishment of the military, police and control of lands).
- 紀伊における武家勢力としては、守護畠山氏をはじめ、湯河・山本・愛洲氏などの国人衆が挙げられる。
- The powers of samurai in Kii included not only the Hatakeyama clan, who were Shugo, but also Kokujin-shu (local samurai) such as the Yukawa, Yamamoto and Aisu clans.
- 南北朝時代には室町幕府の守護が自らの家人に対して、官途状を発給し、事実上の官職の私称を許した。
- In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, shugo of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued written appointments to their kenin, who were effectively allowed to call themselves governmental or provincial officers.
- そうした過程の中で、知行国支配の拠点であった国衙が守護の支配下に置かれると、知行国は消滅した。
- When kokuga (provincial government offices), which was the core site of controlling a chigyo-koku province, became placed under control of the Shugo in such a process, the chigyo-koku province became extinct.
- そして802年に坂上田村麻呂が胆沢城を築城し、この時に鎮守府は胆沢城に移されたと言われている。
- Later, in 802, SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro built Isawa-jo Castle, and then Chinju-fu was moved to Isawa-jo Castle.
- 広瀬裕則が立石・地蔵の両峠を守る軍勢を急遽呼び戻し、坂落としにて大内軍を蹴散らそうと提言した。
- Yasunori HIROSE offered an idea that they should call back the armies in garrison on Tateishi-toge pass and Jizo-toge pass in haste and make the horsemen swoop down from the mountain onto the Ouchi army to put them to rout.
- 幕府と御恩と奉公の関係にある御家人・守護・地頭らがその義務の一環として負担を行ったものがある。
- There were taxes and labor borne by Gokenin, Shugo, and Jito as a part of their obligations to the bakufu because they had a relationship of favor and service with the bakufu.
- また、大審院長が裁判に介入したことから、個々の裁判官の独立は守られていないことに注意を要する。
- Giving that the chief justice could step into an argument, it could be said that independence of justices was still not secured in this case.
- つまり、信長側は無防備に近い鉄砲隊を主力としてこれを守り、武田の騎馬隊を迎え撃つ戦術をとった。
- In other words, Nobunaga's military strategy was to protect the almost defenceless teppo units that functioned as his main force in the battle against the Takeda cavalry.
- 室町幕府の成立によって一色満範が丹後国守護職となり舞鶴を含む加佐郡も一色家の統治下に置かれた。
- Kasa-gun including present-day Maizuru, came under the control of the Isshiki family, following Mitsunori ISSHIKI's rise to Shugoshoku (regional governor) of Tango Province after the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 室町幕府の特徴としては、荘園公領制の崩壊=守護領国制への移行や貨幣経済の進展などがあげられる。
- The collapse of the public ownership system of manors = transfer to the system of ownership by Shugo daimyos and the development of a monetary economy are part of the characteristics of Muromachi Bakufu.
- 京都守護職であった会津藩の京都における勤王・倒幕浪士の捕殺や、庄内藩による薩摩藩邸の焼き討ち。
- The catching and killing of loyal and leaderless warriors by the Aizu Domain in charge of the Kyoto Shugoshoku; burning down of the Satsuma Domain residence in Edo.
- 10日に家康は府中の留守を鳥居元忠ら2,000に任せ新府城に陣を移し、徳川方は8,000となる。
- On the sixth, Ieyasu moved his camp to Shinpu-jo Castle, entrusting Fuchu to 2,000 soldiers led by Mototada TORII, which made the army of Tokugawa 8,000 in total.
- (金子氏は、)かねてより伊予守護の河野氏を通じて毛利氏と友好関係を築こうと働いていたと思われる。
- The Kaneko clan seems to have been working to develop friendly ties with the Mori clan through the intermediary of the Kono clan, whose members held the position of the provincial constable of Iyo Province.
- こうした所領には御家人が守護・地頭として宛がわれてその軍事力を背景に強力な支配体制が構築された。
- To those shoryo, gokenin (personal retainers of the shogun) were appointed as shugo (protectors, or military governors) or jito (stewards), and a strong system of government was constructed based on their military forces.
- 越前守でもあった平忠盛は日宋貿易に着目し、後院領である肥前国神崎荘を知行して独自に交易を行った。
- TAIRA no Tadamori, who was also Echizen no kami (Governor of Echizen Province), aiming at the trade between Japan and China, governed Kanzaki no sho (imperial estate) in Hizen Province which was goinryo (lands attached to the place of a retired emperor), and did his own trade.
- およそ考えられるかぎりのあらゆる制約条項を,いったい生身の兵隊が守れるとでも思ったのであろうか。
- Did they think on earth that natural soldiers could follow every clause of restriction imaginable?
- 討ち入り後、泉岳寺へ向かう赤穂浪士を見守る人々の中に涙を流しながら岡野を見送る大工の父娘がいた。
- After the raid, among people who were watching the Ako Roshi making their way to Sengaku-ji Temple, there were that father and daughter seeing Okano while crying.
- そして地方には、京都守護を、九州には鎮西奉行を、奥州には奥州総奉行をそれぞれ設置して統制させた。
- For the local regions, he established the Kyoto Shugo (Military Governor of Kyoto), Chinzei Bugyo for the Kyushu region as well as the Oshu Sobugyo (the General Magistrate of Oshu region) and delegated control to each of them.
- 四方髪(よもがみ)とは、忍者が用いる忍術の一つで、自分の身を守るために、複数の人物に化けること。
- Yomogami is one of ninjutsu (ninja art) used by ninja, disguising himself as multiple persons in order to save himself.
- そして、西南戦争直後に形成された侍補を中心とする宮中保守派の台頭がその可能性を現実のものとした。
- And, the emergence of the conservatives in the imperial court centered on the Jiho (an aide) that formed right after the Seinan War brought that possibility into reality.
- しかし、1657年に明暦の大火が起こると江戸の町は大部分が焼亡し、江戸城天守も炎上してしまった。
- However, most of the city including the tenshu (tower) of Edo Castle was destroyed during the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
- 守護所の坂本城は要害の地とは言えず、3日になって満祐は城を棄てて城山城(兵庫県たつの市)へ移る。
- Sakamoto-jo Castle, being a shugosho (provincial administration), was not robust enough as a place of fort and on 27th, Mitsusuke abandoned the castle and moved to Shiroyama-jo Castle (present-day Tatsuno City, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 徴兵令を推進する山縣とこれに反発する桐野を代表する薩摩系を中心とした保守的な軍人の対立があった。
- There was a conflict between YAMAGATA who was promoting Conscription Ordinance and opposing military men from Satsuma represented by KIRINO.
- 2月19日、熊本鎮台が守る熊本城内で火災が起こり、烈風の中、火は櫓に延焼し、天守までも焼失した。
- On February 19, Kumamoto Castle guarded by Kumamoto Garrison had a fire, which spread to the keep in a violent wind and also burned down the donjon.
- 住民も協力していたことから、西郷軍は鹿児島市街をほぼ制圧し、官軍は米倉の本営を守るだけとなった。
- As residents there were cooperative, Saigo's forces brought almost all urban areas of Kagoshima under its control, with the government army guarding only its headquarters at Yonekura.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると多数の守護や地頭が送り込まれたために、その荘園もやがて彼らの物に変わっていった。
- In the Kamakura period, the owner of such manors were changed to Shugo (military commander and administrator) or Jito (manager and lord of manor) because a great number of people assigned as Shugo and Jito were dispatched.
- 現在において与党的な立場にある保守2会派に加え、民主党系の翔友会も市長の市政運営を評価している。
- Today, adding to the ruling party-sided conservative 2 factions, the Democratic Party line Shoyukai also appraises the mayor's municipal government administrations.
- 舞鶴市に舞鶴鎮守府が設置されることになったため、鉄道は他の地方に比べて比較的早く整備されている。
- The transportation system in this region was developed earlier than other regions, due to the establishment of Maizuru Chinju-fu in Maizuru City.
- 4月1日 河守上村、有路上村、有路下村、河東村、河西村の5村が、河守町に編入のうえ、大江町に改称
- On April 1, Komori-cho absorbed the five villages of Komorikami-mura, Arijikami-mura, Arijishimo-mura, Kawahigashi-mura and Kawanishi-mura, and changed its name to Oe-cho.
- 庄は当国の旗頭たるにより、植木下野守秀長、庄に力を合わせ横谷より攻め掛け、上野の勢を追い崩した。
- Because the Sho clan is ruling this province, Ueki Shimotsuke no kami Hidenaga and the clan attacked the Ueno force from the valley side and beat it.
- 将軍の権威の失墜はすなわち守護大名の権威の失墜を意味し、そして事実としてそうなっていくのである。
- After all, if the authority of the Shogun were to be eroded, so too would that of the Shugo daimyo.
- 光秀の挙兵の動機には怨恨、天下取りの野望、朝廷守護など数多くの説があり、意見の一致をみていない。
- With respect to Mitsuhide's motive for raising an army, there are various views such as resentment, ambition to conquer the whole country and protection of the imperial court and no consensus has been formed.
- 一方、明徳の乱に幕府方として参戦した満貞は、卑怯な振る舞いがあったとして尾張守護を解任され没落。
- On the other hand, Mitsusada, who participated in the Meitoku War on the Shogunate side, was dissmissed from Owari no Shugo (provincial constable of Owari Province) because of his despicabel act, which declined his power.
- その当事者である康行は後に帰参を許され、応永7年(1400年)に「伊勢北半国守護」に再任された。
- Subsequently, Yasuyuki, the main culprit of the rebellion, was permitted to return to the service of his former lord, and was reassigned to serve as Hankoku shugo (provincial constable in charge of the half area of the Province) in the northern part of Ise Province in 1400.
- 平家台頭後は日宋貿易に熱心だった平清盛が肥後守に就任するなど、平家による肥後国統制が強化される。
- After the rise of the Taira family, TAIRA no Kiyomori, who was enthusiastic about the trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China took the post of the Governor of Higo Province, thus the Taira family's controlling over Higo Province was strengthened.
- 玄雅を再度召して、留守役五島八郎兵衛の息子を養子として受け入れた上で五島家を相続することを勧めた。
- He summoned Harumasa again and advised him to succeed the Goto family after receiving the son of the proxy governor Hachirobe GOTO for adoption.
- また吉田兼見が天正10年(1582年)1月20日に坂本城に訪れた時に「小天守」で茶湯を喫している。
- Also, on February 22, 1582, when Kanemi YOSHIDA visited Sakamoto-jo Castle, he had some tea in 'sho-tenshu' (small turret).
- 安土城は現在の安土山に建造され、大型の天守(現地では「天主」と表記)を初めて持つなど威容を誇った。
- Azuchi-jo Castle was built on now Mt. Azuchi, presenting dignified appearance for its unprecedented large-scaled castle tower (or Azuchi-jo Castle keep) and others.
- 4月20日 (旧暦)(6月10日)、劣勢であると判断した賤ヶ岳砦の守将、桑山重晴も撤退を開始する。
- On June 10, Shigeharu KUWAYAMA, the defending general of Shizugatake Fort, also judged the situation as disadvantageous and began to retreat.
- 雑賀衆は鈴木重秀や土橋守重を始め、石山御坊などに籠城しているところから、浄土真宗門徒と考えられる。
- Saikashu can be considered to be a group of believers of the Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) as its members, including Shigehide SUZUKI and Morishige TSUCHIBASHI, were besieged in Ishiyama Gobo (Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple).
- 天平勝宝7歳(755年)、諸兄の従者佐味宮守から、諸兄が酒宴の席で朝廷を誹謗したとの密告があった。
- In 755, SAMI no Miyamori, a servant of Moroe, leaked information that Moroe had slandered against the Imperial Court during a party.
- 帰る途中、西郷を守るために各地から私学校徒が馳せ参じ、鹿児島へ着いたときには相当の人数にのぼった。
- The Shigakko students rallied round SAIGO to guard him from various places on his way to Kagoshima, and SAIGO arrived in Kagoshima with a large number of the students..
- 一方、尾八重を守っていた干城隊二番中隊は岩野村を守備し、5月22日、前面の官軍を襲撃し敗走させた。
- On the other hand, the 2nd company of the Kanjo-tai troop, which had guarded Ohae, guarded Iwano Village, and on May 22, the company raided and defeated the government army in front of it.
- 常山隊は必死に防戦したが、弾薬がつきたために内山田に退き、翌日29日に大村に築塁し、守備を固めた。
- The Jozan-tai troop desperately defended itself against the attack, but on May 29, retreated to Uchiyamada due to lack of ammunition and built a fort in Omura, reinforcing the defensive ability.
- 舞鶴市は戦前・戦中は鎮守府も置かれ、軍都として軍需産業、また戦後は臨海型重厚長大工業都市とだった。
- Since Maizuru City was for a long time a munitions city that had a Chinju-fu with a military capital both before and during the war, it has been an oceanfront-type heavy industrial city since the end of war.
- 恐らく、九州探題も務めたことのある一色氏自体は在京し、地元豪族を守護代として支配をしたのであろう。
- The Isshiki clan, which had served as Kyushu Tandai (regional officers to oversee the administration of Kyushu), would probably have stayed in Kyoto and appointed powerful local families as Shugodai to rule the province.
- しかし信忠は光秀軍は包囲検問をしているだろうからと逃亡をあきらめて、守りに向かない妙覚寺を離れた。
- However, Nobutada judged that Mitsuhide's troop must have surrounded and were executing inspection and gave up to run away and left the Myokaku-ji Temple which was not suitable for defense.
- 日本軍が築いた朝鮮の城塞を守っていた2万の守備軍を含め、総勢14万1500人が朝鮮半島に再上陸した。
- The army of over 141,500 men, including the defensive force of 20,000 soldiers who had been guarding the fortresses in Korea built by the Japanese army, landed on the Korean Peninsula for the second time.
- それは『続日本紀』養老5年(721年)に大津首・津守通の両名が陰陽博士として登場しているためである。
- It is because two Onmyo hakase, OTSU no Obito and TSUMORI no Toru, appeared in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) in its entry about the year 721.
- 三位以下の公家や守護大名クラスの武士の家司・家僕が主の意思を奉じて発給した同形式の文書は奉書という。
- Documents with the same style issued by Keishi or Kaboku (servant) of nobilities with a rank lower than Jusanmi or Shugodaimyo (military governor) used for conveying their masters' intention was called hosho.
- 714年(和銅7年)これを漢風に改め、四神において南方を守護するとされる朱雀の名を冠したものとした。
- In 714, the gate system was revised into the Chinese style with the south gate being named Suzaku (a Vermilion Bird and a god said to rule over the southern heavens), which was one of the shijin (four gods said to rule over the four directions) that was believed to protect the south.
- 幕府や鎌倉公方が足利氏一門や有力守護に裏書免許、屋形免許、塗輿免許、白傘袋毛氈鞍覆免許などを与えた。
- The Shogunate and Kamakura kubo (Governor-General of the Kanto region) granted the Ashikaga clan and other powerful shugo the licenses to use endorsed letters, the honorific title of yakata (title for high officials), painted portable shrines, white umbrella covers, and fur saddle covers.
- 結果として貞衡だけが軍功を認められ鎮守府将軍に叙せられ、奥羽における清原氏の勢力は益々盛んになった。
- As the result of this expedition, only KIYOHARA no Sadahira was rewarded for the victory by being appointed as the Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), which strengthened the presence and influence of Kiyohara clan in Mutsu Province.
- 蘇我氏は、小姉君の子ながらも物部氏に擁立されていた穴穂部皇子を暗殺し、戦いで物部守屋を討ち滅ぼした。
- The Soga clan assassinated Anahobe no Miko who was supported by the Mononobe clan, despite the fact that Anahobe no Miko was the son of (SOGA no) Oane no Kimi, and defeated MONONOBE no Moriya in the battle.
- 酒宴の席は血の海となり、居並ぶ守護大名たちの多くは将軍の仇を討とうとするどころか、狼狽して逃げ惑う。
- The place for feast turned a pool of blood and many of whole shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) ran about trying to escape in confusion rather than avenging shogun's death.
- 裏口を守っていた安藤早太郎・奥沢栄助・新田革左衛門達のところに浪士が脱出しようと必死で斬りこみ逃亡。
- Some ronins frantically attacked Hayatarou ANDO, Eisuke OKUZAWA and Kakuzaemon NITTA who guarded the back door, and succeeded to escape.
- 1988年(昭和63年)、「八幡堀を守る会」が結成され、会員による除草作業が行なわれるようになった。
- In 1988, the 'Group to Preserve Hachiman-bori Canal' was formed, and its members engaged in weeding for improvement of the canal.
- 町を一望した多聞山城は松永久秀が16世紀半ばに築き、近世城郭のモデルとなった四層の天守を備えている。
- Tamonyama-jo Castle which commands a panoramic view of the town was built by Hisahide MATSUNAGA in the middle of the16th century, and has the four-layered tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle) which became a model for modern castles.
- 織田信長は勢力拡大の過程で志摩国の守護九鬼氏出身の九鬼嘉隆を臣属させ九鬼氏を主体とした水軍を編成した。
- Nobunaga ODA, in the process of extending his influence, put Yoshitaka KUKI who came from Kuki clan, the Shugo in Shima Province, under his control and organized his suigun that consisted of mainly the Kuku clan.
- 1951年天守等7棟がに重要文化財に指定、うち2棟(天守、附櫓、および、多聞櫓)がに国宝に指定された。
- In 1951seven structures of the castle including tenshu were designated as Important Cultural Property, and among them two structures (tenshu, tsuke-yagura (Connecting Tower) and Tamon yagura (hall turrets)) were designated as National Treasure.
- 日本で12箇所の安土桃山時代から江戸時代に建造された天守が現存する城郭の一つ(現存天守現存12天守)。
- It is one of the twelve castles that have existing tenshu (called juni genzon tenshu) built from the Azuchi-Momoyama through the Edo Period.
- 更に永正の乱によって長尾氏が守護上杉氏を完全に傀儡化すると、青苧座に対しても支配を及ぼすようになった。
- And after the Eisho War, the Nagao clan made the Uesugi clan (the Shugo of Echigo Province) its puppet, and it also began to exert its control over aoso-za.
- 京都市教育委員会が翌年3月に保守派から非難された3教員を他校に転任させることで事態を収拾しようとした。
- In March of the next year, the Kyoto City Board of Education tried to stabilize the situation by transferring three teachers, who were accused by the conservatives.
- しかし高城は堅固であり、守将も島津軍きっての勇将・山田有信だったため、豊臣の大軍も一筋縄ではいかない。
- However, Taka-jo Castle guarded by Arinobu YAMADA, who was a distinguished defense general of the Shimazu army, was impregnable and even the large army of Toyotomi couldn't take control of it easily.
- その頃出雲国では守護代の尼子清定が各地の反乱を鎮圧し、主家の京極氏をしのぐほど権力を持つようになった。
- Meanwhile in Izumo Province, shugodai Kiyosada AMAGO had suppressed local rebellions to grow as influential as the Kyogoku clan, its master's house.
- 満快の曾孫である源為公が信濃国守として信濃に下り、伊那を名字とした子の伊那為扶が信濃源氏の祖となった。
- MINAMOTO no Tametomo, great grandson of Mitsuyoshi, went down to Shinano as Governor of Shinano Province, where his son, Tamesuke INA, who took the family name of Ina, became the progenitor of Shinano-Genji.
- 親王太守は、現地へ赴任しない遙任だったため、親王任国での実務上の最高位は、次官の国介(すけ)であった。
- As the position of Imperial Prince Taishu was yonin (remote appointment) and Imperial Princes were not required to go to the respective provinces, suke, the deputies of Imperial Prince Taishu, were practically the highest position in Shinno-ningoku.
- 隣組は、日本の昭和期において戦時体制の銃後を守る、国民生活の基盤の1つとなった官主導の隣保組織である。
- Tonarigumi is a government-led system for maintaining neighborhood which was one of the bases of people's lives to support the fighting forces of the wartime regime during the Showa period.
- 一、江戸ナラビニ何国ニ於テタトヘ何篇ノ事コレ有ルトイヘドモ、在国ノ輩ハソノ処ヲ守リ、下知相待ツベキ事。
- • Even if an incident occurs in Edo or elsewhere, those who are in the Domain must stay there and wait for the bakufu's command.
- 京都守備に当たっていた幕府や会津・薩摩軍と激突し、御所周辺を巻き込んだ合戦が行われた(禁門の変参照)。
- They clashed with armies of the bakufu, Aizu, and Satsuma, who were defending Kyoto, and a battle extending to the Imperial Palace developed (the Kinmon incident).
- このため、 越後の守護でもあった関東管領上杉氏との戦いでは、先々代高梨政盛から多大な支援を受けていた。
- Therefore, in the battle with the Uesugi clan, who was Shugo (provincial constable) of Echigo as well as Kanto Kanrei (the shogunal deputy for the Kanto region), the Nagao family was significantly supported by Masamori TAKANASHI, the head of the Takanishi family two generations back.
- 永承6年(1051年)、頼遠は子の源有光とともに陸奥守源頼義に従って奥州に下向、前九年の役に従軍した。
- In 1051, Yorito, together with his son MINAMOTO no Arimitsu, went to Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) following the Governor of Mutsu Province, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, to serve in Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign.)
- 朝廷から任命された役職ではあるが、禁裏御守衛総督の役料として幕府より月に7500俵受け取る合意を得た。
- Though the post was appointed by the Imperial court, he obtained a consensus to receive 7,500 bales of rice a month as a reward for the Kinri Goshuei Sotoku from the bakufu.
- 薩軍は襲山の桂坂・妻屋坂を守備すべく、干城隊七番中隊などを向かわせ、その他の諸隊に築塁の準備をさせた。
- To defend Katsurazaka and Tsumayazaka in Shuzan, the Satsuma army dispatched troops including the 7th company of the Kanjo-tai troop to there and made other troops prepare for building forts.
- しかしながら、官軍の守りは堅く、加治木隊指揮長越山休蔵が重傷を受けたため、攻撃を中止し通山へ退却した。
- However, because the defense of the government army was strong and Kyuzo KOSHIYAMA, Commander of Kajiki-tai, was seriously injured, the troops stopped the attack and retreated to Tooriyama.
- その後、土岐持益 (守護)の頃に富島氏と斎藤氏の争いが、美濃全土を巻き込む内乱に発展した(美濃錯乱)。
- Subsequently, at the time when Mochimasu TOKI served as Shugo, a conflict between the Tomishima clan and the Saito clan escalated into a civil war, involving the whole Mino Province (Mino Civil War).
- 平氏滅亡の年であり、源頼朝によって全国に守護地頭が設置された1185年を鎌倉時代の始期とすることが多い。
- The Kamakura period is commonly thought to have begun in A.D. 1185, when the Taira family fell and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo dispatched Shugo and Jito (military governors and estate stewards) all over Japan.
- 山頂の天守に信長が起居、その家族も本丸付近で生活し、家臣は山腹あるいは城下の屋敷に居住していたとされる。
- It is believed that Nobunaga lived in the castle tower constructed on the top of the mountain, his family lived in the vicinity of the Hon-maru, and his vassals lived in residences constructed on the mountainside or in the town developed around the castle.
- 更に北ヨーロッパなどでは伝統的な価値観や共同体の維持と言った保守的な思想のもとで出される場合が多かった。
- In Northern Europe, they were issued based on conservative thoughts, which included traditional values and were aimed at maintaining the community.
- しかし独立協会の主張は次第に守旧派官僚との対立を招き、最終的に高宗の勅令により独立協会は解散させられた。
- However, the Independence Club's insistence caused a confrontation with the bureaucracy of old-guard crony, and finally they were compelled to dismiss following the decree of Gao Zong.
- 荒木村重は波多野氏の支族と言われており、37万石 (単位)の所領で織田信長より摂津国守護を拝命している。
- It is said that Murashige ARAKI was from the branch family of the Hatano clan and his territory was 370,000 koku and he was appointed by Nobunaga ODA to Settsu no Kuni Shugo (Provincial Constable of Settsu Province).
- しかし、この守備に適した都城という拠点を官軍に奪取された時点で、戦局の逆転はほぼ絶望的となってしまった。
- However, it became almost impossible for the Satsuma army to reverse the state of the war, when the Satsuma army had Miyakonojo, a military base fit for defense, seized by the government army.
- 近江源氏棟梁の佐々木氏が、家を分けて六角氏・京極氏となったが、室町時代に京極氏は有力な守護大名となった。
- The Sasaki clan, the toryo (head of the clan) of the Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan), split into the Rokkaku clan and the Kyogoku clan, and in the Muromachi period, one of them, the Kyogoku clan became dominant Shugo Daimyo (provincial military governor).
- また、上野隆徳は、備中松山で無残な最期を遂げた一族上野伊豆守頼氏らの仇敵である庄為資の嫡子高資を討った。
- Moreover, Takatoku UENO defeated Takasuke SHO, the legitimate child of Tamemoto SHO, the enemy of one of his family members Ueno Izu no kami Yoriuji who met a tragic end in Bicchu Matsuyama.
- この美濃の騒乱では守護の土岐氏(成頼、土岐政房)は国人たちの争いに担ぎ出される傀儡に過ぎなくなっていた。
- In this turbulance of Mino province, the Toki clan (Shigeyori and Masafusa TOKI), who served as Shugo, were mere figureheads of the province, where they were involved in conflicts among Kokujin (provincial warriors).
- 守護の支配さえ名目に過ぎなかったのがいきなり豊臣秀長領、次いで秀吉直轄領となり、天正検地や刀狩が行われた。
- Although it had been ruled by Shugo in name only, it suddenly became the land of Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and the directly controlled land of Hideyoshi next, and the land survey in the Tensho era and Sword hunt (to confiscate the weapons of the enemies of the new regime in order to secure the position of a new ruler) were implemented.
- 室町時代には出雲国を支配していた山名氏の傘下に入り、1391年には出雲守護山名満幸に従って明徳の乱に出陣。
- During the Muromachi period, the Misawa clan became affiliated with the Yamana clan, then ruler of Izumo Province, and accompanied Mitsuyuki YAMANA, who was a provincial constable of Izumo Province, to fight in the Meitoku War in 1391.
- 『日本書紀』によれば、691年に持統天皇が唐より招いた続守言・薩弘格を音博士に任じたのが最古とされている。
- According to the 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan), its history goes back to a time when Emperor Jito invited and appointed Shugen ZOKU and Kokaku SATSU to become Professors of Ondo in 691.
- その結果、当主である六角高頼が義澄方への与力をあくまで主張する守護代の伊庭氏を抑えて足利義稙方に寝返った。
- As a result, Takayori ROKKAKU, family head of the ROKKAKU, revolted to Yoshitane ASHIKAGA's side, despite the Iba clan, shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable), who insisted to assist Yoshizumi's side.
- 更に宮中にいた保守的な宮内省官僚も「天皇親政」を要求して政治への介入工作を行うなど、政情は不安定であった。
- In addition, conservative Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) bureaucrats required 'direct rule by the emperor' and intervened in the government, at that time political situation was unstable.
- 訳:江戸やその他の所で何か事件などが起こったとしても、国元にいる者はそこを守り、幕府からの命令を待つこと。
- Translation: Even in the case of an incident in Edo or elsewhere, those who are in their Domains must stay there and wait for the bakufu's command.
- そのうち持貞と将軍側室との密通が露見したとして処刑されてしまい、満祐は赦免され三国の守護職を相続している。
- Before very long, Mochisada was executed for commiting adultery with a concubine of Shogun and Mitsusuke was pardoned and inherited the position of shugo of three provinces.
- さらに締結国が他の国1国以上と交戦した場合は、同盟国はこれを助けて参戦するよう義務付けられた(攻守同盟)。
- The treaty also required that, if either party of the alliance became involved in a war with one or more countries, the other party participate in the war to help the ally (the offensive and defensive alliance).
- 材木村は田ノ浦から人吉に通じる要路であったため鵬翼隊四・六番中隊は材木村に見張りを置き、大野口を守備した。
- Because Zaimoku Village was located at a strategic place along the road from Tanoura to Hitoyoshi, the 4th and 6th companies of the Hoyoku-tai troop placed watchmen there, and the troop guarded Onoguchi.
- 義弁の祖父足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)が三河国守護補任を契機として、同国には足利一門の扶植がはじまった。
- Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (the third head of the Ashikaga family), 義弁's grandfather, was appointed as assistant governor of Mikawa Province, which event triggered the family's settlement in the province.
- その後、守護佐竹氏の内部で山入一揆と呼ばれる内訌が発生すると積極的に介入し、佐竹領にも進出するようになる。
- When an internal strife called the Yamairi Uprising occurred within the Satake clan serving as Shugo, the Edo clan actively intervened in the strife, which intervention was a good excuse for the Edo clan to expand their sphere of influence to the Satake Domain.
- 美濃守護職を務めた土岐氏は徳川氏の旗本となったが、数多く在る美濃土岐氏の傍系には大名を輩出した1派がある。
- In contrast to the Toki clan, who served as Mino no Shugo (provincial constable in Mino Province), became Hatamoto (a direct retainer) of the Tokugawa clan, one of the many collateral lines of the Mino-Toki clan produced daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).
- 城を守るのは知将・清水長左衛門尉宗治で、3000余りの兵が立てこもり、容易には攻め落とせる状況ではなかった。
- Chozaemon no jo Muneharu SHIMIZU, a resourceful man, was in charge of the castle with about 3,000 soldiers inside, which made it a difficult castle to conquer.
- 摂津守源満仲の多田荘は、まさにそのような兵站基地であり、かつ家の子・郎党の軍事訓練(狩り)の舞台でもあった。
- The Tada-no-sho estate of the Settsu no kami (the governor of Settsu Province) MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka was such a commissariat base and was once the place of military training (hunting) of Ienoko (followers) and retainers.
- 平安中期になり、受領国司が登場した際も、親王任国については介が受領の地位に就き、他国の国守と同列に扱われた。
- When zuryo-kokushi (the head of provincial governors) appeared in the mid-Heian period, suke were appointed to the zuryo of Shinno-ningoku and were treated equally with kokushu of other provinces.
- この時、大和守源頼親の国守解任などを求めて木幡山大谷(現在の京都市伏見区)まで進んだ神木動座があったという。
- It says that in that year monk-soldiers and others advanced to Kohatayama Otani (in the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), demanding that MINAMOTO no Yorichika, who occupied 'Yamoto no kami' (the governor of Yamato Province, which is today's Nara Prefecture), should be deprived of the position.
- 主なメンバーとしては他に矢野文雄、沼間守一、犬養毅、尾崎行雄、前島密、鳩山和夫、島田三郎、箕浦勝人らがいる。
- Other major members include Fumio YANO, Morikazu NUMA, Tsuyoshi INUKAI, Yukio OZAKI, Hisoka MAEJIMA, Kazuo HATOYAMA, Saburo SHIMADA, Katsundo MINOURA.
- しかし支配への抵抗も強く、特に720年には7年前に新設された大隅国の国守陽侯麻呂が殺害される事件が起こった。
- However, resistance against such control was also strong and in 720, YAKO no Maro, the Governor of Osumi Province established seven years previously, was killed.
- 城中の糧食が尽きるのを待って陥落させるという長囲策を採る薩軍が対砲戦を主としたので、守城側はそれに苦しんだ。
- The besieged army of Kumamoto Castle was helpless against the Satsuma army, which attacked the castle mainly with counterbattery activities while laying a long drawn-out siege to make the besieged army run out of the provisions and fall.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると、守護大名に代わった戦国大名は、土地の一円知行をより進めていき、荘園制は崩壊した。
- In the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords as provincial constables) were replaced with sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and the shoen system (manorialism) collapsed because sengoku daimyo further advanced ichien chigyo of lands.
- 1936年(昭和11年)7月には、再び舞鶴要港部が鎮守府に格上げされると、活況を呈し、人口はピークに達した。
- In July 1936, as the Maizuru Critical Naval Department was upgraded to Chinju-fu status, the city prospered and the population reached its peak.
- その後は防衛戦を行い、ほぼ領土を守っていたものの、他の同盟藩が脱落したこともあり9月24日に開城し恭順した。
- The Shonai Domain fought a defensive war afterwards and protected most of its own territory, but on November 8, partly due to the defection of allied domains from the alliance, the domain surrendered its castle.
- 守護大名は周辺の海賊衆を、領内の田畑を警固料の名目で所領として給する代償に警固衆に編成、海上軍事力に利用した。
- Shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) organized kaizoku shu on their periphery into keigo shu and used them as their naval military force in exchange for providing them the land in their territory under the pretext to guard the land.
- 城主六角高頼、陣代山内政綱らは京都におり東西の戦闘に参加していたので、観音寺城の留守居役の伊庭行隆が迎え出た。
- The Rusuiyaku (guards of castles when the lords were absent) of Kannonji-jo Castle, Yukitaka IBA fought against him, because both the lord, Takayori ROKKAKU and the Jindai (representatives of lords), Masatsuna YAMANOUCHI were in Kyoto, fighting in the war.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると守護京極氏の所領を奪った尼子氏とは対立関係となり、尼子経久追放の中心として活躍した。
- During the period of warring states, the provincial constable Kyogoku clan was taken over its manor by the Amago clan which clashed with the Misawa clan by playing an active and central role in deporting Tsunehisa AMAGO.
- 永正14年(1517年)、三好之長は淡路水軍を掌握するため淡路に侵攻し、淡路守護細川尚春は和泉の堺に逃亡した。
- In 1517, as Yukinaga MIYOSHI invaded Awaji in order to take control of the Awaji Navy, Hisaharu HOSOKAWA, the shugo of Awaji Province, fled to Sakai in Izumi.
- 上巻は元文3年(1738年)に完成するが以降も追加作業が行われ、寺社奉行時代の大岡忠相(越前守)らが関わった。
- Although vol. 1 was completed in 1738, additional work was needed and Tadasuke OOKA, Echizen no kuni no kami (Governor of Echizen Province) and others were involved.
- 鎌倉・室町幕府においては、(時によっては将軍家・執権すらしのぐほどの)有力御家人・守護大名が要職に就いていた。
- In the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, major senior vassals and shugo daimyo (provincial military governors, who became feudal lords) took important roles and were sometimes even stronger than the shogunal family or regent.
- 法律で守られた生活を送っていながら、それに感謝をせず自分の欲望を満たすために法律を破る事は辻褄の合わない事だ。
- thus, it's completely unreasonable to break the law only to satisfy their own demands without appreciating that they live under the protection of the law (paraphrased).
- 別働第二旅団は8月4日、鬼神野本道坪屋付近に迂回して間道を通り、渡川を守備していた宮崎新募隊の背後を攻撃した。
- On August 4, the detached 2nd brigade detoured to the vicinity of Tsuboya along the main road of Kijino, advanced through a by-pass and attacked the rear of the Miyazaki-Shinbo-tai troop (the troop of the soldiers recruited newly in Miyazaki) that had guarded the Watari-gawa River.
- 松井家は、宮本武蔵が細川家に仕官する直前に興長に宛てた書状(長岡佐渡守宛書状)が残るなど武蔵と親交が深かった。
- The Matsui clan had a close relationship with Musashi MIYAMOTO, and there remains Musashi's letter to Okinaga ('the Letter to Nagaoka Sado-no-kami') which was written immediate before Musashi began to serve the Hosokawa clan.
- 守護はこの徴収権を利用して、独自に領国へ段銭・棟別銭を賦課・徴収し、経済的権能をますます強めていったのである。
- With this right to collect tax, the shugo continued to strengthen the economic power by independently imposing and collecting the tansen and munebetsu-sen.
- 跡地は京都市により運動公園として整備されたほか、解体予定だった模擬天守は地元の要望もあり残されることとなった。
- The site was rearranged as an athletic park by Kyoto City, and the replica castle, which was planned to be demolished at first, was decided to remain by the local's request.
- 結成当時には財政難であったと推測されるが、京都守護職配下時代は、隊の運営資金を会津藩からの御用金で賄っていた。
- It is assumed that they were short of funds upon start of the group, but during the time when the group was placed under the control of Kyoto Shugoshoku, operating expenses of the group were covered by goyo-kin financed from the Aizu Clan.
- 以後、彼らと近江守護に任ぜられた佐々木氏(信綱の一族)は、堅田とその漁業権・航行権を巡って激しく争う事になる。
- Afterwards, the Sasaki clan (Nobutsuna's clan), appointed as Omi shugo (the Governor of Omi Province), fought severely against them for fishery and navigation rights of Katata.
- 現在の天守は1983年に犬山城や伏見城をモデルにし模擬復元されたもので市立長浜城歴史博物館として運営されている。
- The current main building of the castle was rebuilt in 1983 modeled on Inuyama-jo Castle and Fushimi-jo Castle, and houses the City's Nagahama-jo Castle Historical Museum.
- 924年(延長 (日本)2年)、小野氏が武蔵守として着任した際、石清水八幡宮を勧請して、八幡八雲神社を建立した。
- In 924, when the Ono clan arrived to take up Musashi no kami (Governor of Musashi Province), the clan erected Hachimanyakumo-jinja Shrine to transfer a divided tutelary deity of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine to a new location.
- 更に室町幕府が荘園の一円支配を認める権限を獲得したことで却ってその代行者である守護の荘園への介入の口実を作った。
- In addition, the Kamakura bakufu acquired the right to approve the domination over the whole region of Shoen, which rather allowed provincial constables to intervene into Shoen as the representatives of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 義仲の指揮下にあった京中守護軍は瓦解状態であり、義仲と行家の不和も公然のものだった(『玉葉』閏10月27日条)。
- The army protecting Kyoto, which was under the direction of Yoshinaka, fell apart and the discord between Yoshinaka and Yukiie was overt ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 20).
- しかし、守護領国制の展開と政治・財政基盤の京都及びその周辺への依存が高まるにつれて徳政令などの経済法が増加する。
- However, economic statutes, such as Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts), increased as deployment of Shugo-ryogoku system (the system whereby a Shugo dominates a manor), and as politics and corporate finances depended more on Kyoto and vicinity.
- ただし、牧野英一ら保守的な法学者の巻き返しもあり、「家族の扶養義務」などの形でその一部は存置されることとなった。
- However, taking in opinions from conservative jurists including Eiichi MAKINO, a part of Ie seido was preserved such as 'obligation of support family member'.
- 天下統一の時期にふさわしく、城郭建築が発達し、権力のシンボル的な天守閣が築かれ、御殿は華麗な障壁画で装飾された。
- During this period, castle architecture was developed; castle towers were built as a symbolic representation of power and splendid paintings were drawn on partitions to represent the era of unification of the country.
- 一方で、留守政府においては1871年には禄高人別帳が作成されるなど、多元的であった家禄の支給体系の一律化が進む。
- On the other hand, Rusu-seifu made a list of stipend recipients in 1871, thus integrating the stipend payment system, which had been multifactorial.
- 天狗党が諸費用をきちんと宿場に支払うなど規律厳守に努めたことは、島崎藤村の代表作『夜明け前』にも記述されている。
- The fact that Tenguto paid necessary expenses at post stations and observed rules was described in 'Yoake-mae' (Before the Dawn), a representative work by Toson SHIMAZAKI.
- 1361年(康安元年) 播磨国守護だった赤松則村(円心)の四男・赤松氏範が有馬郡を領有し三田城(車瀬城)を築城。
- In 1361 Ujinori AKAMATSU, the forth son of Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) who was the Governor of Harima Province, became the ruler of Arima County and constructed Sanda-jo Castle.
- 承久の乱の際に鎌倉幕府が設置した諸国の守護・地頭に対して北条義時追捕の弁官下文(承久3年5月15日)が出された。
- Benkan (Oversight Department: division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office) was issued (on June 13, 1221) for shugo and jito (military governor and estate steward) appointed by the Kamakura bakufu, to search and capture Yoshitoki HOJO, when the Jokyu War took place.
- 4月5日、第三旅団(三浦梧楼少将)は鳥巣に攻撃をしかけ、薩軍の平野隊と神宮司隊が守備している真ん中に攻め入った。
- On April 5, the 3rd brigade (Major General Goro MIURA) attacked Torisu and invaded the center of the position defended by the Hirano-tai troop and the Jinguji-tai troop of the Satsuma army.
- 新政府軍は長岡城を再奪取、米沢・会津藩兵が守る新潟も陥落したため、8月には越後の全域が新政府軍の支配下に入った。
- The new government's forces recaptured Nagaoka Castle again, and with the fall of Niigata which had protected the Yonezawa and Aizu Domains, they placed the entire area of Echigo under control.
- だが、『信長戦国近江』によると「姫路城のような大天守と小天守が並び建つ壮麗な城だったのであろうか」と紹介している。
- But 'Nobunaga Sengoku Omi' introduces the castle by describing 'it must have been a splendid castle with dai-tenshu and sho-tenshu standing side by side.'
- 佐武伊賀守は的場源四郎と共に小雑賀の城に籠城し、三十二日間にわたって守り抜き、太田城開城後に続いて開城したという。
- It is said that Iganokami SATAKE held a castle of Kozaika with Genshiro MATOBA, and continued to guard it for 32 days, finally surrendering after the surrender of Ota-jo Castle.
- そして、家康が畿内を留守にしている隙をついて伏見城を落とし、次いで北陸地方や伊勢国伊勢方面の平定に乗り出していた。
- He then captured the Fushiki-jo Castle exploiting Ieyasu's absence from the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and after that he set out to suppress the Hokuriku region and Ise area in Ise Province.
- なお、大宰府・陸奥国(後に出羽国を追加)にも漏刻は設置されたが、博士は置かれずに守辰丁が管理していたとされている。
- Rokoku was also installed in the provinces of Dazaifu and Mutsu (later Dewa Province was added), but Hakase was not appointed and Shushincho seemed to have operated the rokoku.
- 室町時代を通じ、畠山氏は前述の通り寺社勢力との妥協を余儀なくされながらも、紀伊の領国化(守護領国制)を進めていた。
- During the Muromachi period, the Hatakeyama clan promoted the domination of Kii Province (Shugo-ryogoku system [the system that a Shugo dominates a manor]), although it was forced to compromise with temple and shrine powers as mentioned above.
- そのため、各地の守護が戦乱などを口実に幕府の許しを得ずに行ってきた半済・押領を追認・永続化させる法的根拠を与えた。
- This provided the legal grounds to authorize and perpetuate the usurpation of territories and hanzei that had been enforced by Shugo in various regions on the pretext of war without approval from the bakufu.
- ただし、奉行や守護による徴収の場合、実際には彼らが算定した賦課額に上乗せをした金額を徴収して差額を得る場合もある。
- Sometimes a magistrate or a provincial governor would add a top-up above the tax they calculated and put the difference in their pockets.
- 段銭が賦課された国には幕府から奉行が派遣されて徴収にあたるのが原則であるが、守護に代行させて徴収させる場合もある。
- A magistrate would generally be sent by the bakufu to the tax-imposed province for tax collection, but sometimes the bakufu would have a provincial governor act on its behalf.
- 義政は日朝貿易権の統制を重要視しており、牙符を極秘裡に私蔵し在京有力守護に対しても王城大臣使の派遣を許さなかった。
- Yoshimasa regarded controlling over the right of Japan-Korea trade as important such that he secretly owned Gafu and did not allow even the influential shugo (military governor) living in the capital to dispatch the Ojo-daijin envoy.
- 安田義定、多田行綱らに大半の兵を与えて平通盛・平教経の1万騎が守る夢野口(山の手)へ向かわせる(山の手攻撃の将)。
- Yoshitsune gave most of his troops to Yoshisada YASUDA and Yukitsuna TADA, ordering them into position at the Yumeno fortress entrance (hilly section of a city), which was the location that was guarded by TAIRA no Michimori and TAIRA no Noritsune with tens of thousands of cavalrymen under their command (the commander for attacking the hilly section).
- 757年(天平宝字元年)に仲麻呂の子藤原朝狩が陸奥守となり、新たに勢力外だった土地に桃生城および雄勝城を建設した。
- In 757, FUJIWARA no Asakari, a son of Nakamaro, was appointed Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) newly building Momonou-jo Castle and Okachinoki Castle in an area which was formerly out of their control.
- 康平6年(1063年)、有光はその軍功により従五位下安芸守に任じられ、陸奥国(後の磐城国)白河郡の地を下賜された。
- In 1063, Arimitsu was appointed to Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, Governor of Aki Province and granted the land of Shirakawa-gun County in Mutsu Province (later Iwaki no kuni) for distinguished war service.
- しかし有岡城は戦国時代 (日本)の城としては珍しい総構えの城で守りが堅く、また夜の暗さで攻め切る事が出来なかった。
- As Arioka-jo Castle was a sogamae castle (castle surrounded with a wall with castle town inside the wall), which was a rare case in the Sengoku Period (Japan), and the defense was tight, however, troops of Nobunaga ODA could not bring down partly because of darkness in the night.
- 元治元年(1864年)3月25日、一橋慶喜(徳川慶喜)は、将軍後見職を免ぜられると同時に禁裏御守衛総督に就任した。
- On April 30, 1864, Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI (Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA) assumed the post of Kinri Goshuei Sotoku at the same time he was excused from the post of the Shogun-kokenshoku (one of three major posts of Edo bakufu).
- 山名持豊は満祐を討ち果たしたことによって播磨国の守護職を与えられ、備前国は山名教之、美作国は山名教清に与えられた。
- Mochitoyo YAMANA was appointed shugoshiki (military governor) of the Harima Province for his achievement of destroying Mitsusuke, and the Bizen Province was given to Noriyuki YAMANA, the Mimasaka Province to Norikiyo YAMANA.
- 関ヶ原の戦い後、京極高知に、丹後守の称号と丹後一国、十二万三千石の領地が与えられ、国持ち大名京極家の領地となった。
- After the Battle of Sekigahara, Takatomo KYOGOKU was awarded the title of Tango no Kami, whereby all of Tango Province (a domain of 123,000 koku) and Tango Province became the territory of the land-owning daimyo, the Kyogoku clan.
- 室町時代以後になると、守護大名や戦国大名あるいはその配下の国人によって動員され、軍夫・陣夫・人夫などとして奉仕した。
- After the Muromachi period, shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governors who later became daimyo, Japanese feudal lords), Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) or their subordinates would recruit for these duties, putting private soldiers, servicemen or laborers into service.
- 嘉吉の乱で取り潰された守護大名赤松氏の再興を願う赤松家遺臣達(石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉など)は、この点に着目。
- The former retainers of the shugo daimyo (military governor) Akamatsu clan which had been broken in the Kakitsu disturbance (Taro IWAMI, Tatewaki NYUNOYA, Mitsuyoshi KOZUKI, and so forth) who were determined to reestablish the clan noticed the fact.
- 御三卿付きの家老は、御三卿が将軍家の家族という扱いであったため、江戸城留守居と並ぶ、将軍家旗本の最高の役職とされた。
- The Karo for the gosankyo, together with Edo-jo-rusui (the officer in charge of the Edo castle while shogun was absent), were said to be the highest posts available for Hatamoto of the shogun family, because gosankyo were treated as members of the shogun family.
- 雑賀衆は15世紀頃に歴史に現れ、応仁の乱の後、紀伊国と河内国の守護大名である畠山氏の要請に応じ近畿地方の各地を転戦。
- Saikashu appeared in history around the 15th century, and after the Onin War they fought in various battles in the Kinki region responding to requests from the Hatakeyama clan, which had provided the military governor and feudal lord of Kii and Kawachi Provinces for generations.
- 長門守護の厚東氏、物部神社神主家の金子氏、広瀬神社神主家の曾禰氏の他、江戸幕府の幕臣 荻生徂徠などが子孫といわれる。
- It is said that the Koto clan, the military governor of Nagato and Kaneko clan, the family of Shinto priest of Mononobe-jinja Shrine, and Sone clan, the family of Shinto priest of Hirose-jinja Shrine and Sorai OGYU, shogun's retainer in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) are the descendents.
- しかしながら、晴信は「信濃守護の職責を果たすため他国の侵略と戦っている」と自らの正当性を主張して、逆に景虎を責めた。
- However, Harunobu insisted his legitimacy saying that 'we are fighting invasion from other provinces to fulfill the responsibility of the shugo post of Shinano province,' and accused Kagetora instead.
- ムラの内部と外部を区別する環濠を形成する目的として、外敵や獣などから集落を守る防御機能を備えることが考えられている。
- It is believed that the purpose of creating a moat to divide the inner and outer space of a village was to protect itself from being attacked by any external enemy or wild life.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には、守護の細川氏が弱体化した丹波地方にはかつての細川氏の被官であった国人領主がそれぞれ割拠した。
- During the Sengoku period (Japan), local samurai lords, once high ranking officials of Hosokawa clan who was a shugo (military governor) in the area, controlled their own territories within Tanba Province after Hosokawa clan had weakened.
- 文正の政変で協力した二人であったが、それぞれ守護大名の家督争いに深く関わっていたため、強烈に対立する二人でもあった。
- Though they had worked together on the same side in the Bunsho Coup, the two had also been archrivals as each was deeply involved in a fight for succession of a shugo daimyo position.
- また、藤原基衡は院の近臣で陸奥守として下向してきた藤原基成と親交を結び、基成の娘を秀衡に嫁がせ院へも影響を及ぼした。
- Additionally, FUJIWARA no Motohira formed a friendly relationship with FUJIWARA no Motonari, who was one of close aides of the cloistered emperor and had been sent as Mutsu no Kami (the governor of Mutsu Province), and had Motonari's daughter marry Hidehira (Motohira's son); thus he expanded his influence on the cloistered emperor.
- 守護・地頭には、兵糧米の徴収権、在庁官人の支配権などが与えられ、これは頼朝政権が全国的に在地支配を拡げる契機となった。
- Shugo and Jito were given the power of collection for provisions of rice for the army and the control of Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) and so on, which was the opportunity for Yoritomo administration to expand control over local lands across Japan.
- 彼らの多くは鎌倉幕府の守護や地頭になって獲得した軍事的・警察的権限を自己の所領にも展開し、他の所職を排除しようとした。
- Many of the gokenin applied military and police powers, which they had obtained after becoming shugo or jito of the Kamakura bakufu, on their own shoryo to remove various kinds of shiki associated with their own shoryo.
- 伊予守は四位上臈の任じられる受領の最高峰とも言える地位であり、この時点では後白河も義仲を相応に評価していたと見られる。
- Because Iyo no kami was the highest position of zuryo that Shii (Fourth Rank) joro (high-ranking aristocrats) could be appointed, it appears that Goshirakawa properly evaluated Yoshinaka at that time.
- これは件の告発によって義持と富樫満成ら側近集団に実権を奪われた細川以下の有力守護大名側の逆クーデターとも言われている。
- Some consider that this was a counter-coup by dominant shugo guardian feudal lords, Hosokawa amongst others, who were disempowered following the accusations of Yoshimochi and a group of his attendants, including Mitsunari TOGASHI.
- しかしこれが災いして、幕府内の蘭学を嫌う保守勢力の中心であった鳥居耀蔵によって謀反の濡れ衣を着せられ、解散させられる。
- However, this caused harm to them, got them broken up because they were falsely accused of a rebellion by Yozo TORII, who was a key figure of conservative factions deprecating Western learning within the bakufu.
- 埼玉県熊谷市と行田市にまたがる池守・池上遺跡は、弥生時代中期初頭の遺跡で、住居の平面形状は隅丸方形か隅丸長方形である。
- The Ikemori-Ikegami site located across the boundary between Kumagaya and Gyoda cities, Saitama Prefecture, dates back to the early mid-Yayoi period, with houses built in quadrilateral or rectangular layouts with rounded corners.
- 広義の非人とは、神人(いぬじにん)・墓守・河原者・放免(ほうめん)・乞胸(ごうむね)・猿飼・八瀬童子等々の総称である。
- The Hinin in a broad sense is a general term for Inujinin (shrine associates), grave keeper, Kawaramono (discriminated position), Homen (ex-convicts), Gomune (vagrants or beggars), itinerant entertainers, Yasedoji (person who carried Emperor on a palanquin) and etc.
- 一方、保守派によって完全な佐幕派となった水戸藩に対し、戊辰戦争が勃発すると、諸生党に対する追討命令が朝廷から出された。
- Meanwhile, when the Boshin War was started against the Mito Domain, which became a complete Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) due to the actions of the conservatives, the Imperial Court ordered to hunt down and kill shoseito.
- 二官八省の他にも、行政組織を監察する弾正台や宮中を守る衛府が天皇の直轄として置かれた(まとめて、二官八省一台五衛府)。
- Other than the two departments and eight ministries, Danjodai which inspected administrative organization and Efu (a palace guard) were established under the emperor's direct control (Two departments, eight ministries, one board of censorship and five palace guards in total).
- 延暦寺が日枝山に開かれて以降、大山咋神は地主神として天台宗・延暦寺の守護神とされ、大山咋神に対する山王信仰が広まった。
- Ever since Enryaku-ji Temple was founded on Hienoyama, Oyamakui no kami, as the god of the land, has been a guardian deity of the Tendai Sect and Enryaku-ji Temple; and a mountain-king sect based on him has spread in the area.
- 清衡は陸奥押領使に、基衡は奥六郡押領使、出羽押領使に、秀衡は鎮守府将軍、泰衡は出羽、陸奥押領使であり押領使を世襲する。
- In addition to Hidehira holding the position of Chinjufu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), successive members of the Oshu Fujiwara clan inherited the position of Oryoshi (a government post responsible for policing and military affairs): Kiyohira became the Oryoshi of Mutsu Province; Motohira, the Oryoshi of the Six Counties of Mutsu Province and Dewa Province; and Yasuhira, the Oryoshi of Dewa Province and Mutsu Province.
- 1507年、惟憲の子・阿蘇惟長は肥後守護であった菊池氏を乗っ取り(菊池武経と名乗る)、弟の阿蘇惟豊に大宮司職の座を譲る。
- In 1507, Korenori's child, Korenaga ASO, took over the Kikuchi clan, which was shugo (military governor) of Higo Province (and called himself Taketsune KIKUCHI), and granted the position of daiguji to his younger brother, Koretoyo ASO.
- ところが、明応6年(1497年)頃に守護代長尾氏が越後の国政を掌握すると、天王寺苧座の購入独占権が否定されるようになる。
- However, when the Nagao clan, which assumed 'Shugodai' (deputy of 'Shugo' [provincial constable]) of Echigo Province, gained control of the province administration around 1497, the clan did not permit Tennoji so-za the exclusive aoso-purchasing right.
- 源義家の凋落後、「朝家の爪牙」の第一人者となった平正盛は、近国(かつ大国・熟国)の国守を務めると同時に右馬権頭であった。
- After MINAMOTO no Yoshie declined, TAIRA no Masamori, who became the first 'choka no soga' (retainers of the imperial family or household called as fangs and claws of imperial family), served as governor of Kingoku (provinces close to Kyoto) (taigoku (major provinces) and 熟国 back then) as well as being the Uma no gon no kami (Provisional Captain of the Right Division of the Bureau of Horses).
- 讃岐守菅原道真がこれ以上は藤原氏の為にならない旨の書を基経に送り、基経が怒りをといたことにより、ようやく事件は収まった。
- The incident was finally resolved when Sanuki no kami (the governor of Sanuki Province) SUGAWARA no Michizane persuaded Mototsune by sending a letter saying it was not beneficial for the Fujiwara clan to persist further and Motsune allayed his anger.
- 午前6時、平知盛、平重衡ら平氏軍主力の守る東側の生田口の陣の前には範頼率いる梶原景時、畠山重忠以下の大手軍5万騎が布陣。
- At six o'clock in the morning, Noriyori led his Ote army, followed by Kagetoki KAJIWARA and Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and their fifty thousand cavalrymen, and took positions on the east side front of the battle formation at the Ikuta fortress entrance, where the major force of the Taira clan army, led by Tomonori TAIRA and Shigehira TAIRA, was prepared to defend.
- これは、反乱に乗じて閔妃などの政敵を一掃、政権を再び奪取しようとする前政権担当者で守旧派筆頭である大院君の陰謀であった。
- This was the plot of Daewongun, the former political leader and the head of the Conservative Party who intended to take advantage of the revolt to wipe out political opponents such as Queen Min and take over the administration again.
- それに対し、従来の「百済重視」の外交路線をとる中臣鎌足や中大兄皇子ら保守派が「開明派」の蘇我氏を倒したと言うものである。
- On the other hand, the conservatives like NAKATOMI no Kamako and Prince Naka no Oe were in favor of their original 'Baekje focused' policy, and therefore destroyed the Soga clan who were 'liberals.'
- 興長は細川忠興の娘古保を妻とし、また忠興の六男を養嗣子に迎え(松井寄之)、細川別姓である長岡姓を賜り長岡佐渡守と称した。
- Okinaga married Tadaoki HOSOKAWA's daughter Koho, and adopted Tadaoki's sixth son as his adopted heir (Yoriyuki MATSUI); he was bestowed the new surname 'Nagaoka' which was another family name of the Hosokawa clan, and called himself 'Nagaoka Sado-no-kami.'
- 室町時代には山名氏のもとで伯耆衆の一員になり応仁の乱に参加、その功によって進美濃守は南条氏と共に伯耆守護代に任じられた。
- In the Muromachi period, the Shin clan supported the Yamana clan and became a member of Hokishu (the local clans of Hoki Province); at the Onin War, they fought as Hokishu and made achievements, and as a result, they were appointed as Shugodai (deputy of Military Governor) of Hoki Province as well as the Nanjo clan.
- また明治維新の際には、江戸を東京とすることにより遷都は避けられたものの、天皇の東京行幸で留守の都となった(→東京奠都)。
- At the time of the Meiji Restoration, the relocation of the capital was avoided by Edo becoming Tokyo, but it became the absent capital due to Emperor's imperial stay in Tokyo (please refer to the section of 'Tokyo Tento').
- 古代ヤマト王権の時代には、日本の水軍を支えたのは安曇氏(あずみべ)や海人部(あまべ)、津守氏といった海の氏族たちであった。
- During the period of the Yamato dynasty, it is the marine clans such as Azumi clan, Amabe clan, and Tsumori clan that supported Japan's suigun.
- 通し柱を用いず、各階ごとに積み上げられた天守は、三層三階地下一階の複合式望楼型で「ごぼう積み」と云われる石垣で支えられる。
- The tenshu (with three layers, three stories and a basement) built without using toshi bashira (through pillar) belongs to the multi-layered borogata style (a type of castle tower for lookout on the building with a gabled, hipped roof) and is supported with stone walls called gobozumi (a method of piling up stone wall, piling up with deep stones of which bonder side faces front).
- その後小競り合いが続いていたが、波多野稙通に同情的であった丹波国守護代内藤国貞は11月5日に神尾寺城の包囲軍から離脱した。
- Skirmishes continued, but Kunisada NAITO, Shugodai (acting Military Governor) of Tanba Province, was sympathetic to Tanemichi HATANO and therefore, on December 8, decided to leave the army that was besieging Kannosanjo Castle.
- 戦国時代_(日本)には幕府による権限は否定され、代わりに戦国大名が守護・国主の権限の一環としてこれを付与するようになった。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), this privilege which had been granted by the bakufu was denied and instead daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku Period came to give it to their shugo and kokushu (landed daimyo) as part of their rights.
- 時代が下り、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政期には、一時期陸奥国も親王任国とされ、義良親王が陸奥国太守として実際に陸奥国へ赴任した。
- In the Kenmu Restoration period led by the Emperor Godaigo, Mutsu Province was also designated as Shinno-ningoku for a while and Imperial Prince Norinaga actually went to Mutsu Province as the Taishu of Mutsu Province.
- これにより義詮は有力守護権力を抑制するとともに公家・寺社からの信頼を取り戻し、室町幕府の安定性を大いに高めることとなった。
- Thanks to the above, Yoshiakira regained the confidence of court nobles and temples/shrines while restricting the authority of influential shugo and enhanced the stability of Muromachi bakufu.
- 更には日本の旧来の文化を欧化する中でも守り続けた人々も存在し、着物と洋服を着分けたり、着物しか着ない人などと様々であった。
- Moreover, there were people who kept Japanese traditional culture alive while Europeanization went on; some people wore both kimono and Western clothes and others only kimono.
- 播磨国竜野藩主脇坂安照と備中国足守藩主木下公定の両名には赤穂城収城使を命じ、また収城目付に旗本荒木政羽と榊原政殊を任じた。
- The lord of Tatsuno Domain in Harima Province, Yasuteru WAKISAKA, and the lord of Ashimori Domain in Bicchu Province, Kinsada KINOSHITA, were ordered to be in charge of the surrender of Ako-jo Castle, and hatamoto Masahane ARAKI and Masayoshi SAKAKIBARA were appointed as metsuke for the surrender.
- また通過地には小藩が多かったため臆して手が出せず、天狗党と幕軍が逃追しながら通過して行くのを見守るしかなかったようである。
- Also, Tenguto passed through small domains and the domains were too scared to track down Tenguto, so they just watched Tenguto and the bakufu troops passing by.
- 翌11月10日滝川一益、明智光秀、蜂屋頼隆、氏家直重、伊賀伊賀守らが茨木城を攻囲する一方、荒木村重軍の切り崩しにかかった。
- On December 18, the next day, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Yoritaka HACHIYA, Naoshige UJIIE, Iganokami IGA and so on seiged Ibaraki-jo Castle on one hand and tried breaking down of the troops of Murashige ARAKI on the other hand.
- 8月中旬、山名持豊は4500騎をもって但馬・播磨国境の真弓峠に攻め込み、この方面を守る赤松義雅と数日にわたり攻防があった。
- Around the middle of September, Mochitoyo YAMANA pushed into Mayumi Pass, a border between Tajima and Harima Provinces, with his 4,500 horsemen and engaged in fierce battles for several days against Yoshimasa Akamatsu who was defending in those area.
- 鳥巣では、3月10日に薩軍がこの地の守備を始めてから4月15日に撤退するまでの間、官軍との間に熾烈な争いが繰り広げられた。
- In Torisu, a fierce battle was fought between the Satsuma army and the government army from March 10 when the Satsuma army started defending this area until April 15 when it retreated from this area.
- その後1901年(明治34年)10月には、軍事的要地として東舞鶴に舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、初代長官には東郷平八郎が就任した。
- Following this, the Chinju-fu (a large and critical army or naval base) was installed in Higashi-Maizuru in October 1901, due to Maizuru's position as a military choke point, of which the first director was Heihachiro TOGO.
- 大掾満幹はその後も馬場城を保持し続けたが、応永33年(1426年)に馬場城を留守にした隙に、通房に馬場城を攻め落とされた。
- Mitsutomo DAIJO continued to occupy Baba-jo Castle even after the incident, but in 1426, Michifusa attacked and captured the castle when he was away.
- 政局を有利に運んだ宗全は、自邸周辺に同盟守護大名の兵を多数集め、内裏と花の御所を囲み、義政に政長や勝元らの追放を願い出た。
- Having steered the political situation in his favor, Sozen mobilized many samurai of allied shugo daimyos, besieged the Imperial Palace and Hana no Gosho, and requested Yoshimasa to expel Masanaga and Katsumoto among others.
- 乱後、後堀河天皇が即位するとその父親である守貞親王が例外的に皇位を経ずして院政を行う(後高倉院)という事態も発生している。
- Upon Emperor Gohorikawa's succession to the throne after the rebellion, his father, Imperial Prince Morisada, conducted insei without in fact becoming the Emperor (Gotakakura-in).
- また、当初は現地の有力武士が任じられる事が多かった守護の人選も次第に足利将軍家の一族や譜代、功臣の世襲へと変更されていく。
- Moreover, originally the shugo were often selected from the powerful samurais in the local area, but the change was gradually made to select from the descents of the Ashikaga shogun family, the Fudai (hereditary vassals) or the meritorious retainer.
- この動きを被官化というが、こうして守護は、土地の面でも人的面でも、国内に領域的かつ均一な影響力(一円支配)を強めていった。
- This entire process is called 'hikanka' (被官化), and with it the shugo increased their equal, territorial influence (pervasive control) over the province.
- その功により播磨1国の守護に任じられると共に、室町幕府では京極氏・一色氏・山名氏と並ぶ四職のひとつとなって幕政に参画した。
- For these distinguished services, the Akamatsu clan was appointed to Shugo (constable) of the Harima Province, and also raised to one of the four distinguished posts, comparable to those of the Kyogoku clan, the Isshiki clan, and the Yamana clan to participate in the shogunate administration in the Muromachi bakufu.
- また確たる史料はないものの亘理郡の有力者で五位に叙せられ、陸奥の在庁官人として権守候補であった可能性は高いと見られている。
- It is also thought that Tsunekiyo was an influential person in Watari County who was titled Goi (Fifth Rank) and that it is very likely that he was a candidate for Gon no kami (a provisional governor) of Mutsu Province among zaichokanjin (locally hired government officials during the Heian period), although there are no historical materials that can validate it for sure.
- 徳川幕府の西国への重要な備えとしての役割を担う彦根城も、彦根藩の各組織の管轄で天守以下倉庫等として徳川時代の大半を過ごした。
- The Hikone-jo Castle that had taken the purpose as important defense wall toward Saigoku (western part of Japan) spent most of the time in the Tokugawa Period as a warehouse and others under the jurisdiction of organizations in the domain.
- 迎え撃つ日本軍は沿岸部に築いた城の堅固な守りに助けられ、蔚山城の戦い第二次蔚山城の戦いでは明・朝鮮連合軍を撃退し防衛に成功。
- The intercepting Japanese army was helped by the strong defense with castles constructed in the coastal area and, in the second Battle of Ulsan, succeeded by beating back the Ming and Korean forces.
- そのために、紀伝道発展の要素も絶たれて伝統を固守するだけの学問となり、その結果として文章博士の家による独占・家学化が進んだ。
- This cut off any possible development of kidendo and the subject became one in which only traditions were maintained, resulting in domination by certain monjo hakase families and making it their kagaku (hereditary learning).
- 直春は防ぎ難いとみて小松原の居館も亀山城(いずれも現御坊市)も自焼して逃れ、伯父の湯河教春の守る泊城(現田辺市)へ後退した。
- Naoharu thought that it was difficult to defend, and escaped to Tomari-jo Castle (present Tanabe City) of his uncle Noriharu YUKAWA (湯河教春) after burning his residence at Komatsubara and the Kameyama-jo Castle (all of which were in present Gobo City).
- 『大内氏掟書』によれば、権力や武力を用いて強引に買いあさるために「公方買」「守護買」などとも呼ばれていたことが記されている。
- According to the 'Ouchi-shi Okite-gaki (rules set by Mr. Ouchi),' they were called kobo-kai as well as shugo-gai as some used their official powers and force of arms to coerce sales.
- これは中西新八郎と宮脇平四郎のみが裏切ったわけではなく、中西新八郎らの説得に応じた守備兵力の足軽大将らが加わったためである。
- This was not only because of betrayal of Shinpachiro NAKANISHI and Heishiro MIYAWAKI, but also because a certain number of ashigaru taisho (samurai in command of a troop of foot soldiers) of the garrison force had been convinced by Shinpachiro NAKANISHI and so on.
- 豊臣方は大野治房の一隊に暗峠を越えさせて、4月26日 (旧暦)に筒井定慶の守る郡山城 (大和国)を落とし、付近の村々に放火。
- The Toyotomi side made a troop of Harufusa ONO pass Kuragari Toge (mountain pass), capture Koriyama Castle in Yamato Province on April 26 (the old calendar), which Jokei TSUTSUI defended, and set fire to neighboring villages.
- 舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、軍需都市として発展した旧東舞鶴市(東舞鶴)では、住民気質が全く異なり、舞鶴市東西分離運動が活発化した。
- People in the old Higashi-Maizuru City (Higashi Maizuru) where Maizuru Chinju-fu was founded and developed as a military city, were quite different, which brought a movement to life to separate the two cities.
- 戦国時代には、八木に守護代内藤氏、園部に武名の名高い荒木氏綱、美山町域は秦氏の末裔という(但し異説がある)川勝氏が割拠した。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), the Naito clan appointed as Shugodai (representative of provincial shugo) established influence in Yagi, Ujitsuna ARAKI renowned for military fame established influence in Sonobe, and the Kawakatsu clan believed to be a scion of the Hata clan (however, other people have different opinions) established influence in the town area of Miyama, respectively.
- これらの検断権を獲得したことにより、守護は、国内の武士間の紛争へ介入する権利と、司法執行の権利の2つを獲得することとなった。
- As a result of obtaining the right of judgment over criminal cases, the shugo now had two rights: the right to intervene in the dispute between samurai in the province and the right to enforce the law.
- 伏見城をイメージした模擬天守(鉄筋コンクリート構造)とジェットコースター、ゴーカートなどの遊戯施設およびプールなどがあった。
- There were a replica of a keep copying Fushimi-jo Castle (reinforced concrete structure), attractions including roller coasters, go-cart trucks and a swimming pool.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の備中国は守護の細川氏が衰退した後、国人領主が割拠する状態にあったが、中でも台頭していたのは三村氏であった。
- Bitchu Province in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) was split among numerous kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) after the Hosokawa clan, shugo (provincial constable) had gone into decline, but the Mimura clan stood out among them.
- 永正3年(1506年)、摂津国守護となった澄元が阿波国勢を率いて入京し、その家宰三好之長が政元に軍事面で重用されるようになる。
- In 1506, Sumimoto, who had become the shugo (provincial constable) of Settsu Province, entered the capital leading forces from the Awa Province; upon their arrival, Masamoto gave important military posts to Sumimoto's kasai (main retainer) Yukinaga MIYOSHI.
- その結果、刈田狼藉取締権・使節遵行権・半済給付権・闕所地処分権・段銭徴収権などを得た守護は、国内に領域的な支配を及ぼしていく。
- As a result, the Shugo who acquired the following rights came to control the province territorially: the right to control Karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally), the right to send a delegate for executing the bakufu's order, the right to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund, the right to confiscate land property from criminals or if it is left derelict, and the right to collect temporary special tax levied on arable land.
- 大友義鑑は、国東吉弘城主吉弘氏直、三河守寒田親将を大将とする2,800余を豊前大村山に送り込み、大内軍の豊後侵攻に対抗させた。
- Yoshiaki OTOMO sent an army 2800 strong headed by Ujinao YOSHIHIRO, the castellan of Yoshihiro, Kunisaki, and Mikawa no kami Chikamasa SODA to Mt. Omure, Buzen to oppose the invasion of the Ouchi army to Bungo.
- 九州探題や守護・国人のような大勢力に対しては外交と公貿易を兼ねた通交が許可され、それら通交使節を派遣する船は使送船と呼ばれた。
- Such powers as Kyushu tandai (the Military Governor of Kyushu), shugo (provincial governor appointed by the shogun), and kokujin (native chieftains, certain local powers) were authorized to have traffic for both diplomatic and commercial purposes, and the ships which brought those envoys were called Shisosen (envoy sending ship).
- 天暦の治と呼ばれる改革を進められていた中で、下級官人の華美な服飾華美(過差)を規制・禁止して身分秩序の遵守を図るものであった。
- It was issued in the midst of the reformation called Tenryaku no chi (glorious Tenryaku rule) for the purpose of the regulation and the prohibition on extravagant magnificence or variance of clothing among lower-ranking government officials in order to strictly maintain the order of the social status.
- 桂園派は、当時流行しつつあった冒険的な近代短歌に対して、当たり障りのない『古今和歌集』などの伝統を重んじる保守的な流派である。
- The Keien school was a conservative school which valued tradition such as innocuous 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) against venturous modern tanka which was coming into fashion at that time.
- 安堵状(あんどじょう)は、鎌倉時代以降、征夷大将軍、守護、大名などの主君が家臣の武士に対して、所領・知行の所有を保証した書状。
- Certificate of ownership refers to the letter in which lords such as shogun, provincial military governor and feudal lord gave vassal samurais a guarantee for the ownership of a territory and enfeoffment from the Kamakura period onwards.
- 7月13日、人吉が陥落した後、干城隊指揮長阿多荘五郎は米良口の指揮を執ることとなり、諸隊を編成して米良方面の守りを固めていた。
- On July 13, after Hitoyoshi was seized, Sogoro ATA, Commander of the Kanjo-tai troop, was ordered to take command of Meraguchi, and reinforced defense in the Mera area by organizing the troops.
- 京都市と大阪市の間の、主に淀川左岸の大阪府守口市、門真市、寝屋川市、大東市、四條畷市、交野市、枚方市の地域(北河内地区7市)。
- Moriguchi City, Kadoma City, Neyagawa City, Daito City, Shijonawate City, Katano City, and Hirakata City in Osaka Prefecture, mostly on the left side of the Yodo-gawa River, between Kyoto City and Osaka City (seven cities in the Kitakawachi area).
- 御霊合戦ののち、細川勝元は領地の四国9カ国から兵を集結させ、細川派の大名では赤松政則が播磨で山名領へ侵攻して守護職を奪還した。
- After Goryo Gassen, Katsumoto HOSOKAWA mobilized troops from nine provinces in Shikoku and, among the daimyos on the Hosokawa side, Masanori AKAMATSU invaded Yamana's territory in Harima and recaptured the position of shugo.
- 日本の右軍は黄石山城を、左軍は南原市城を攻撃、たちまち二城を陥落させ全州市城に進むと、ここを守る明軍が逃走したため無血占領した。
- The Right group of Japan attacked Hwangsoksan Castle while the Left attacked Namwon Castle and they immediately took both castles in the assaults and advanced to and occupied without blood Jeonju Castle, because the Ming army that had been defending the castle fled when they came close to it.
- 元宅は城を弟の金子元春に託して全軍指揮のために守護代 石川氏の高峠城に入り、兵を氷見(現 西条市)の高尾城に集めて軍勢を整えた。
- Motoie, having left the castle to the care of his brother, Motoharu KANEKO, entered Takatoki-jo Castle of Shugodai (the acting military governor) of the Ishikawa clan to command all the troops, and thus concentrated the soldiers at Takao-jo Castle in Himi (the present-day Saijo City) in order to consolidate the forces.
- また一面では、本来太田城を守る存在であった水を使って城を攻めることで、水をも支配する自らの権力を誇示しようとしたとも考えられる。
- In another aspect, it can be also thought that he tried to show his power which could also control water by attacking Ota-jo Castle with water which had fundamentally guarded the castle.
- 応仁元年(1467年)から始まる応仁の乱では出雲国守護京極持清は細川方に組し、三刀屋忠扶も上洛して山名方の斯波義廉と戦っている。
- During the Onin War broke out in 1467, as Mochikiyo KYOGOKU, the constable in Izumo Province, took Hosokawa's side, Tadasuke MITOYA went to Kyoto and fought Yoshikado SHIBA, which was on Yamana's side.
- 戦国時代に入ると、越中守護代神保長誠の押領が発生したほか、代官が荘民と結託して荘内の戸破村や白石村の年貢を遅滞するなど混乱した。
- As it became the Sengoku Period, there were a number of disputes involving the manor: One instance involving Nagamoto JINBO, who seized Kuragaki no Sho as the deputy military governor of Ecchu Province; on another occasion, local governors and manor residents conspired together to delay payment of land taxes made by the villages of Hibari and Shiraishi that were part of the manor.
- この結果、守護大名をはじめとする各地の武士によって自己の所領の全一的支配が確立され、その影響は室町幕府の御料所にも及んでいった。
- As a result, each of the bushi throughout Japan including shugo daimyo (great feudal lord) established an integral rule over his own shoryo, which influenced the goryosho of the Muromachi bakufu.
- 仏教の摂取と流布に大いに貢献した蘇我氏とこれに反対する物部氏との対立(崇仏論争)はのちに蘇我馬子と物部守屋との間での戦乱を招く。
- A dispute over the adoption of Buddhism between the Soga clan, who had greatly contributed to dissemination of Buddhism in Japan, and their opponents, the Mononobe clan led to conflict between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya.
- この蔚山城の戦いは12月22日から始まったが、加藤清正等は城を堅く守り、毛利秀元らが救援して翌年1月4日、明・朝鮮軍を大破する。
- The Battle of Urusan-jo Castle started on January 29, 1598, but the castle was defended by Kiyomasa KATO and, with the support of Hidemoto MORI and others, the Ming-Korean army was shattered on February 9.
- また、元市民病院院長や元舞鶴市長(故人)の親族の応援を得て無所属で出馬した元舞鶴市会議員で前府会議員の斎藤によって保守分裂した。
- At the same time the former city assembly member and previous prefecture assembly member, SAITO, ran the race for mayor as an independent candidate backed by the former hospital director for Maizuru Municipal Hospital and relatives of the (now defunct) former Maizuru mayor, resulting in a split among the conservatives.
- かつて福知山駅と町中心部の河守とを北丹鉄道が結んでいたが、1971年3月2日休止を経て1974年2月28日で正式に廃止となった。
- The Hokutan Railway, which connected Fukuchiyama Station and the center of the town, Komori, halted its operation on March 2, 1971, and officially closed down on February 28, 1974.
- 源義家の後を継いだ河内源氏四代の源義忠は京都に進出し、河内源氏の本拠地の石川荘は、義家の六男の源義時(陸奥六郎義時)が相続し守る。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshitada who was in the fourth generation of Kawachi-Genji succeeded MINAMOTO no Yoshiie and went into Kyoto, and the Ishikawa manor, base of Kawachi-Genji was inherited and kept by the sixth son of Yoshiie, MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki (Mutsu no Rokuro Yoshitoki).
- 明治3年(1870年)新政府の早期実現を望む藩士達により、廃城の太政官布告が出された翌日より天守以下の建物の解体・移築が行われた。
- In 1870, on the day after the Dajokan Fukoku (Decrees of the Cabinet) which ordered demolition of castles, the feudal retainers of the domain who wanted a quick change of government tore down the castle, including the tenshu.
- 相馬御厨(そうまみくりや)は現在の茨城県取手市、守谷市、千葉県柏市、流山市、我孫子市のあたりにあった中世の荘園寄進地系荘園の一つ。
- Soma-mikuriya was one of the medieval shoen (manor in medieval Japan) holdings of the commendation type in areas that are today's Toride City and Moriya City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and Kashiwa City, Nagareyama City, and Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture.
- このような指示が度々出されたにも関わらず、命令が遵守されたのは直後のみで時間が経つにつれて都市でも農村でも違反するものが相次いだ。
- Although such ordinances were issued repeatedly, people strictly followed the rules only in the short period right after the issuances, and as time passed, lawbreakers appeared one after another both in cities and in the countryside.
- 12月、尾張守・藤原家教(藤原成親の同母弟)の目代である右衛門尉・藤原政友が、延暦寺領・美濃国平野荘の神人を凌礫する事件を起こす。
- In December, Uemon no jo (the third ranked official of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) FUJIWARA no Masatomo, who was a mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) of Owari no kami (the governor of Owari Province) FUJIWARA no Ienori (younger brother of jinin of FUJIWARA no Narichika) insulted Hiranosho, territories of Enryaku-ji Temple in Mino Province.
- 岩倉使節団派遣中に留守政府は重大な改革を行わないという盟約に反し、国内が急激な改革で混乱していたことは大久保らの態度を硬化させた。
- Contrary to the compact that promised the Rusu-seifu (government while heads of government are away) wouldn't conduct major reform while dispatching Iwakura Mission, the internal confusion caused by the drastic reform hardened OKUBO and other opponent's attitudes.
- 現任の上総介だった良兼は貞盛を説得して味方に引き入れ、承平6年(935年)6月大軍を動員して館を出発、水守で良正、貞盛と合流した。
- Yoshikane, who had been Kazusa no suke (Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province) at the time and persuaded Sadamori to support him, deployed a large force before joining his brother Yoshimasa and Sadamori in Mimori in June 935.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、伊賀は伊賀守護・仁木氏の傘下に属しながらも、「伊賀惣国一揆」と呼ばれる合議制の強い自治共同体が形成されていた。
- In the Sengoku period, Iga Province formed a self-governing community with a strong council system called 'iga sokoku ikki' while being affiliated to Niki clan, the Iga Shugo.
- 家康の死後、二代将軍徳川秀忠は、江戸の北東の守りを確保するため、小石川門の西から南に流れていた平川をまっすぐ東に通す改修を行った。
- After the death of Ieyasu, the second shogun, Hidetada TOKUGAWA ordered the the diversion of the Hirakawa River, which flowed southwards from west side of the Koishigawa-mon gate, to flow eastwards to secure a defensive barrier for Northeastern Edo..
- 藩内改革派と保守派が藩政の主導権を争っていた長州藩では、5月、馬関海峡を航行中の外国船を自藩製の大砲で攻撃して「攘夷」を決行した。
- Choshu Domain, where reformists and conservatives were in a power struggle, carried out the exclusionist policy, bombarding a foreign vessel sailing through the Bakan Straits with home-manufactured cannons in May 1863.
- 奈良時代の仏教は、鎮護国家の思想とあいまって国家の保護下に置かれていよいよ発展し、国を守るための法会や祈祷がさかんにおこなわれた。
- In the Nara period, Buddhism developed thanks to protection by the government as well as the ideology of Chingo kokka and Hoe (Buddhist mass) and prayers to protect the nation were often held.
- そして、承久の乱では摂津守護大内惟信や同族の多田基綱のほか畿内の武士の多くが京方に属して敗れたが、能勢氏は幕府方に属したとされる。
- Then in the Jokyu war while many samurais in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) such as Korenobu OUCHI, the shugo of Settsu Province and his cognate Mototsuna TADA joined the army on the Kyoto side and were defeated, the Nose clan are said to have been on the side of the Shogunate.
- 守備兵はことごとく討ち取られていき、北ノ砦の渡辺勘太郎、鵯塚砦の野村丹後の両大将は降伏を申し出たが受け入れられず、切腹してはてた。
- All garrisons were killed one by one and Kantaro WATANABE, the general of Fort Kitanotoride and Tango NOMURA, and the general of Fort Hiyodorizuka made a proposal of surrendering, but refused and they committed suicide by harakiri.
- 同年11月14日滝川一益、明智光秀、蜂屋頼隆、氏家直重、伊賀伊賀守、稲葉良通、羽柴秀吉、細川藤孝軍と荒木村重軍の先鋒隊が激突した。
- On December 22, 1578, troops of Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Yoritaka HACHIYA, Naoshige UJIIE, Iganokami IGA, Yoshimichi INABA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Fujitaka HOSOKAWA and the vanguard of the troops of Murashige ARAKI crashed.
- 室町時代の後半の戦国時代 (日本)では戦乱が多発し、農村では集落を守るために周囲に堀(環濠)を巡らして襲撃に備えるところが現れた。
- The latter half of the Muromachi period was the Sengoku period (period of warring states) when warfare broke out all over Japan, making some villagers decide to build moats around their settlements in order to protect themselves from assaults.
- 7月21日薩軍は再び高原を攻撃するため官軍を攻撃するが、官軍の強固な守備と援隊の投入により、高原奪還は果たせず、庄内へと退却した。
- On July 21, aiming at attacking Takahara again, the Satsuma army attacked the government army but was unable to recapture Takahara and retreated to Shonai because the defense of the government army was strong and it was further reinforced.
- 古来、攻城側は守城側の10倍は必要とされていることからすれば、いかに剽悍な薩摩兵とはいえ、1対3での包囲強襲は無謀な作戦と言える。
- Traditionally, it had been said that the besiegers had to be ten times as strong as the defenders; therefore, the plan to press a siege against the castle with the ratio of 1:3: would have been reckless for the Satsuma soldiers however fierce and cunning they were.
- 4月1日 (旧暦)、家康は畿内の諸大名に大坂から脱出しようとする浪人を捕縛すること、小笠原秀政に伏見城の守備に向かうことを命じた。
- On April 1 (the old calendar) Ieyasu ordered daimyo in Kinai region to capture ronin trying to escape from Osaka and Hidemasa OGASAWARA to go to defend Fushimi Castle.
- 平安時代の末に藤白鈴木氏から出た鈴木重家・亀井重清の兄弟は、源義経に郎党として仕え、陸奥国衣川 (岩手県)で主君を守って戦死した。
- At the end of the Heian period, Shigeie SUZUKI and his brother Shigekiyo KAMEI, who were from the Fujishiro Suzuki clan and served MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as roto (a retainer), died in a battle in Koromogawa, Mutsu Province (Iwate Prefecture), protecting their master, Yoshitsune.
- 阿波の小笠原氏は南北朝時代には南朝に属したとされ、その子孫の多くは室町時代には国人化して阿波の守護を務めた細川氏に仕えたとされる。
- It is said that the Ogasawara clan in Awa belonged to the Southern Court in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and many of the descendants became local clans serving the Hosokawa clan, the shugo of Awa in the Muromachi period.
- これに対して日本の切捨御免には支配階層である武士の名誉と威厳を守る事によって武士を頂点とした当時の社会秩序が防衛されると考えられた。
- On the other hand, it was considered that helping to protect warriors' honor and dignity by Japanese Kirisutegomen kept the social order, of which warriors were at the top.
- ほかの古代の有力寺院を見ても、延暦寺は日吉大社、金剛峯寺は丹生都比売神社、東寺は伏見稲荷大社などといずれも守護神を持つことになった。
- As for other influential temples in the ancient times, Enryaku-ji Temple had Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine, Kongobu-ji Temple had Niutsuhime-jinja Shrine, and To-ji Temple had Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine, as their guardian shrines.
- 鎌倉幕府による最初の武家新制は嘉禄元年(1225年)に、朝廷の嘉禄新制に合わせて出されたもので同新制の遵守を目的としたものであった。
- The first Buke shinsei (a code of new law issued by the Kamakura bakufu) was issued by the Kamakura bakufu in 1225 to coincide and comply with Karoku shinsei (new law issued in the Karoku period) issued by the Imperial court.
- これに対し細川清氏を失脚させた有力守護佐々木道誉は、婿である六角氏頼を推薦していたが果たせず、高経に恨みを懐いたと『太平記』は記す。
- According to 'Taiheiki,' Doyo SASAKI, an influential shugodaimyo who made Kiyouji HOSOKAWA lose his position, recommended his son-in-law Ujiyori ROKKAKU in vain and had a grudge against Takatsune.
- そこで、源頼朝以来の御家人に関わる慣習や明文化されていなかった取り決めを基に、土地などの財産や守護・地頭などの職務権限を明文化した。
- Therefore, based on conventions of shogunal retainers since MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and agreements which had until then not clearly been stated, properties such as land and authorities of shugo (military governors) and jito were stipulated.
- これに対して、佐久に隣接する小県方面では村上氏が、諏訪に隣接する中信地方では深志を拠点とした信濃守護家の小笠原氏が抵抗を続けていた。
- For this, the Murakami clan, whose territory bordered Saku, had continued resisting the aggression in the Oagata area, and the Ogasawara clan, Shinano Shugo (the military governor of Shinano Province) based in Fukashi, in the middle-Shinano area adjacent to Suwa.
- この鳶ヶ巣山攻防戦によって武田方は、主将の河窪信実をはじめ、三枝守友、五味貞成、和田業繁、名和宗安、飯尾助友など名のある武将が討死。
- In the Battle on Mt. Tobigasu the Takeda army lost distinguished busho (Japanese military commanders), including Nobuzane KAWAKUBO the Commander-in-Chief, Moritomo SAEGUSA, Sadanari GOMI, Narishige WADA, Muneyasu NAWA and, Suketomo IIO.
- 細川藤孝は当時は小城であった宮津城から、大規模な水堀もあり、守りやすい本城の田辺城 (丹後国)(舞鶴城)に移り籠城(田辺城の戦い)。
- Fujitaka HOSOKAWA then moved from Miyazu-jo Castle, which was rather small at the time, to the larger Tanabe-jo Castle (Tango Province, Maizuru-jo Castle) which contained a large moat and was considered easier to defend, but was eventually besieged. (the Battle of Tanabe-jo)
- もっとも京都見廻組などが律儀に管轄を守っていたのに対し、新撰組は浪士の逃亡などを理由に管轄破りをすることも少なくなかったといわれる。
- Nevertheless, while Kyoto Mimawarigumi dutifully stayed in their area, Shinsen-gumi is said to have often gone outside their assigned area, for various reasons such reasons as escape of members, etc.
- その後も、地元の人々や観光関係者たちがこの桜並木を大切に育て、たび重なる豪雪やがけ崩れによる被害のさいにも黙々と補植し、守り続けた。
- After that, local people and people engaged in tourism fostered this sakura-namiki carefully and, when it was damaged by repeated heavy snowfall and mud and rock slide, they planted to supplement silently and continued to protect the sakura-namiki.
- 永正8年(1511年)、澄元は細川政賢・細川尚春らと(芦屋河原の合戦)、また河内守護畠山尚順らと(和泉・深井城深井の合戦)合戦に及ぶ。
- In 1511, Sumimoto engaged in battle with the forces of Masakata HOSOKAWA and Hisaharu HOSOKAWA (The Battle of Ashiyakawara), and then again with the forces of Yoshitaka HATAKEYAMA, the shugo of Kawachi Province (The Battle of Izumi and Fukai).
- 長和は当初は佐幕派であったが、次第に新政府側に傾いてゆき、明治天皇が東京へ行幸するときには天皇の奉送や京都守衛などで功績を挙げている。
- Nagakazu who was on Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) at the beginning gradually leant toward the new government side, and when Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo, he rendered distinguished service in sending off the Emperor and in guarding Kyoto.
- 10月には幕末に諸外国と結ばれた不平等条約の改正(条約改正)などを目的とした岩倉使節団が派遣され、留守政府において禄制改革は行われた。
- In October, the Iwakura Mission was dispatched for the purpose of revising unequal treaties which Japan had signed with foreign countries at the end of the Edo period, and the reform of stipend was implemented by Rusu-seifu.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、丹波国桑田郡下田の国人領主(美作守)であった下田広氏の嫡男、川勝広継(光照)のとき川勝を称したのが始まりだという。
- The clan originated during the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan) when Hirotsugu KAWAKATSU (Mitsuteru KAWAKATSU), the son and heir of Mimasaka no kami Hirouji SHIMODA, called himself Kawakatsu first (Hirouji had been a governor of Shimoda in Kuwata County in Tanba Province).
- 中国太平記によれば、「大松山には上野伊豆守居住して小松山の城には同右衛門尉を置かれける処に、天文二年猿掛の城主庄為資押し寄せて相戦う。
- According to Chugoku Taiheiki, 'Tamemoto SHO, the lord of Sarukakeno-jo Castle attacked and fought against Ueno Izu no kami (Yoriuji UENO) residing in Mt. Taisho and Ueno Uemon no jo (Yoriuji's brother) residing in Mt. Kosho in 1533.
- そして、備中松山城主となった三村家親の娘を室とし、石川氏・庄氏両備中守護代家同様、備中一円に勢力を広げる三村氏との縁故を深めていった。
- Furthermore, by marrying one of the daughters of Iechika MIMURA who became the lord of the Bicchu Matsuyama-jo Castle, Takatoku deepened his relationship with the Mimura clan who was extending power over the entire Bicchu as well as the Ishikawa clan and the Sho clan, both of whom were serving as Shugodai of Bicchu.
- 室町幕府は守護大名による連合政権であり、足利家の執事職を起源とする管領は鎌倉幕府の執権ほどは実権が無く、幕政は原則的に合議制であった。
- Muromachi Bakufu was a united government of Shugo daimyos, and the control originating from the chamberlain position of the Ashikaga clan did not have the actual power that the regents of Kamakura Bakufu had; consequently, government by bakufu was in principle conducted through a council system.
- また同じく江戸で益田勤斎が初期江戸派の流れを汲みながら古法を守り、創意を加えた作風でその子益田遇所とともに浄碧居派と称する一派を成した。
- Also in Edo, Kinsai MASUDA revived the early Edo school, keeping the old style and adding his originality, and established the Johekikyo school with his son, Gusho MASUDA.
- それら私営田経営者、そして弱体化し始めたとはいえ、いまだ一定の勢力を保つ郡司と、強化された国守・国衙の権力との利害対立が顕在化していく。
- The conflict of interests amongst those managers of shieiden (lands directly governed by powerful families), gunji started to weaken, but still held constant power, and kokushu (head of provincial governors) and kokuga (provincial government offices) powers that became stronger was more apparent.
- しかし、保延2年(1136年)7月15日、下総守藤原親通は、相馬郡の公田からの官物が国庫に納入されなかったという理由で常重を逮捕・監禁。
- However, on August 21, 1136, Shimosa no kami, FUJIWARA no Chikamichi arrested Tsuneshige and confined him, for the reason that kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) from koden (field administered directly by a ruler) of the Soma county was not paid to the national treasury.
- しかし、義満・頼之による守護抑制政策は、次第に反頼之派を増やすこととなり、頼之の専断は義詮政権における斯波高経の権勢の再来のようになる。
- However, the policy of controlling shugo's authority implemented by Yoshimitsu and Yoriyuki gradually led to the increase of anti-Yoriyuki groups and the arbitrary behavior of Yoriyuki became similar to that of Takatsune SHIBA during the age of shogun Yoshiakira.
- 鎮護国家(ちんごこっか)は、政府が仏教を利用して内政の安定を図ろうとした政策、または、仏教には国家を守護・安定させる力があるとする思想。
- Chingokokka refers to a government policy to stabilize internal affairs using Buddhism or a thought that Buddhism has power to protect and stabilize a country.
- しかし、江戸時代には、たとえば「仙台藩士」とはほとんど言わず、公的には松平陸奥守家来(伊達家は将軍家より松平姓を賜っていた)と称された。
- However, for instance, retainers of the governor in Mutsu Province were rarely called 'Sendai Hanshi' in the Edo period, and they were officially called 'Matsudaira Mutsu no kami no Kerai' (retainers of the governor of Mutsu Province) (the Date family was given the cognomen of 'Matsudaira' by the shogun family.)
- 幕府からの勅書返納命令に対し、水戸藩内は旧保守派を中心として返納する論(鎮派)と、旧改革派を中心とした反対論(激派)に分かれて対立する。
- Regarding the order by the bakufu to submit the chokusho, there arose a conflict within the Mito Domain between the conservatives (which was formed by the people in the previous conservatives), which wanted to submit the chokusho, and the extremists (which was formed by the people in the previous reformers), which did not want to submit it.
- 1970年代には埋め立てて公園と駐車場にする計画が立てられたが「よみがえる近江八幡の会」「八幡堀を守る会」などの住民運動によって蘇った。
- Although there was a reclamation plan of the site to make a park and a parking lot in the 1970s, the castle was revived by citizens' movements including 'Yomigaeru Omihachiman no Kai' (Revitalize Omihachiman), 'Hachiman-bori wo Mamoru Kai' (Save Hachiman-bori Moat).
- また日本国で最初の天守が備えていたと言われており、城内には猪名野神社、上﨟塚砦、鵯塚砦、岸ノ砦、昆陽口砦などが築かれており堅城であった。
- It is said that Arioka-jo Castle was the first castle in Japan that had a keep and in its precincts there are Inano-jinja Shrine, Fort Jorozuka, Fort Hiyodorizuka, Fort Koyaguchi and so on and it was a strong castle.
- 当初は有力守護大名による衆議によって政治を行っていた義教だが、長老格の三宝院満済、山名時煕の死後から次第に指導力を発揮するようになった。
- Yoshinori, at first, handled the affairs of state by public discussion of dominant shugo guardian feudal lords but he gradually started to show leadership after the death of Mansai SAMPOIN and Tokihiro YAMANA who were regarded as patriarchs.
- 約束どおり将軍職位譲を行わない義政、義視将軍就任のために積極的に動かない後見人勝元、富子に見守られ僧門に入ることもなく成長して行く義尚。
- Yoshihisa had grown up without entering priesthood, watched over by Yoshimasa who would not hand over the Shogunate as promised, guardian Katsumoto and Tomiko who would make no active move to place Yoshimi in the position of Shogun.
- 後白河法皇から守護地頭の設置を許可され、平家(平氏の中の伊勢平氏庶流の平清盛一族のこと)が壇ノ浦で滅亡した文治元年(1185年)とする。
- Another suggestion is that it started in 1185 when the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa allowed the establishment of Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) and Heike (the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori, a collateral line of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) of the Taira clan) fell in Dan no ura.
- 慶長3年(1598年)五島勢は、小西行長、松浦鎮信、有馬晴信、大村喜前とともに順天の東南10kmの光陽湾岸に築かれた順天倭城を守っていた。
- In 1598, the Goto troops were guarding the Suncheon Waeseong (Suncheon Japanese Castle) on the coast of Kwangyang Bay, 10 kilometers southeast of Suncheon, with Yukinaga KONISHI, Shigenobu MATSUURA, Harunobu ARIMA and Yoshiaki OMURA.
- 同校では、かねてより一部教員による「平和教育」が「偏向教育」か否かを巡ってPTAなどにおいて保守的な父母と進歩的な父母の対立が生じていた。
- Through the school's PTA, the conservative parents and progressive parents had already had friction over 'Peace Education' by some teachers, making an issue whether it was 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' or not.
- 翌20年(1615年)4月、大坂夏の陣の勃発に伴い、日高・有田・名草郡の地侍が浅野長晟が留守の和歌山城を狙って蜂起したが、再度鎮圧された。
- In April of the following year, 1615, jizamurai in Hidaka, Arida and Nagusa Counties rose to riot, targeting the Wakayama-jo Castle from which Nagaakira ASANO left, in accordance with the outbreak of Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), but they were suppressed again.
- 『続日本後紀』承和2年12月3日條によれば、刑部卿の小野岑守が以前大宰大弐であった頃に開設し、墾田百四十町をもってその運営に当てたという。
- According to the 'Shoku Nihon Koki' in a section on December 29, 835, this facility was established when the Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice) ONO no Minemori, who was formerly a Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), invested earnings from approximately 140 hectares of his cultivated land into the operation.
- 荘園に対する収税についても守護使不入を勝ち得た荘園には介入の余地がなく、非合法で横領する他はこれらを支配下に組み入れることは困難であった。
- In terms of tax collection as well, taxes could not be collected from Shoen after they obtained the right of Shugoshi funyu (a right to reject the entrance of a Shugo) and they had no way to collect money without embezzling illegally.
- その長官である将軍の名が729年に初めて見えることから、奈良時代前半には鎮守府相当の機関が東国のいずれかの地に設置されたものと推測される。
- As the word 'shogun,' its commander-in-chief, was first mentioned in 729, it is assumed that an institution equivalent to the Chinju-fu was established in some area in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) in the early Nara period.
- 昭光は慶長3年(1598年)、伊具郡角田1万石の領主となり、石川家の碑所である長泉寺を石川から移し、守護神である八幡神を石川から勧請した。
- In 1598, Akimitsu became the lord of Kakuda in Igu-gun County, the land worthwhile a million koku of rice, moved Chosen-ji Temple, which was the site of a Buddhist mortuary tablet of Ishikawa family, from Ishikawa to the new fief, and did the ceremonial transfer of a divided tutelary deity to a new location of God of War, which was a guardian deity of the Ishikawa family, from Ishikawa to the new fief.
- 10月5日 (旧暦)に対馬、10月14日 (旧暦)に壱岐を襲撃し、平戸鷹島の松浦党の本拠を全滅させ、壱岐守護代の平景隆を自害に追い込んだ。
- They attacked Tsushima on October 5 and Iki on October 14 (both dates according to old lunar calendar), completely destroying the headquarters of the Matsuura Party (group of local warriors based in Matsuura area) in Taka-shima Island, Hirado, and drove Shugodai (Deputy Military Governor) of Iki Province TAIRA no Kagetaka to committing suicide.
- 6月19日、河野主一郎は破竹隊を率いて別働第二旅団が守る飯野を21日まで猛撃して奪取をはかったが、官軍は善戦し、陥とすことは出来なかった。
- On June 19, the Hachiku-tai troop led by Shuichiro KONO fiercely attacked to seize Iino, which was guarded by the detached 2nd brigade, but was fought off by the bravely fighting government army.
- 官軍の参軍山縣有朋中将が鹿児島に到着した9月8日、可愛岳の二の舞にならないよう、「包囲防守を第一として攻撃を第二とする」という策をたてた。
- On September 8 when Sangun Aritomo YAMAGATA, Lieutenant General of the government army, arrived in Kagoshima, the army compiled a plan of 'The first priority should be given to siege, defense and guard, and the second priority to attack' so as to avoid the failure at Mt. Eno.
- 室町時代、主に足利将軍家の当主及び連枝、鎌倉公方家の一門、或いは鎮守府将軍として南朝方の有力大名であった北畠氏とその一門が御所号を称した。
- In the Muromachi period, the head and his siblings of the Ashikaga Shogunate family, the clan of the Kamakura Kubo (Governor-General of the Kamakura Government) family, and the Kitabatake clan who was a powerful daimyo on the side of the Nancho (Southern Court, or Yoshino Imperial court) who acted as the shogun of the chinju-fu, and its descendants were all entitled to the gosho-go.
- 幕府では6代将軍義教が篠川御所の足利満直や駿河国の守護今川範忠に憲実の救援を命じ、さらに禅秀の子上杉持房、上杉教朝らをも含む幕軍を派遣する。
- In the bakufu the sixth shogun Yoshinori ordered Mitsunao ASHIKAGA of Sasagawa Gosho (an administrative organization for governing the Tohoku regions, settled by the Kamakura bakufu in the Muromachi period: it also refers to its head Mitsunao ASHIKAGA.) and Noritada IMAGAWA, shugo (a provincial constable) of the Suruga Province, to help Norizane and also dispatched the bakufu army including Zenshu's sons, Mochifusa UESUGI and Noritomo UESUGI.
- しかし、水戸藩内で保守派の市川三左衛門が弘道館の反藤田派を巻き込んで諸生党を結成し、藩内での激派排撃を始めたことを知り、筑波山へと引き返す。
- Then they heard that Sanzaemon ICHIKAWA (the conservative) founded shoseito with the anti-Fujita parties of the Kodokan school in the Mito domain and that they began to exclude the extremists, so they headed back to the Mt. Tsukuba.
- また、摂津守護細川氏(京兆家)の被官としても行動し、応仁の乱では細川勝元に与し東軍として戦っており、能勢頼弘とその子能勢頼満が討死している。
- Furthermore, they acted as vassals of the Hosokawa clan (Keicho family), Settsu no kami and when they fought against the East squad on the side of Katsumoto HOSOKAWA in the Onin War, Yorihiro NOSE and his son Yorimitsu NOSE were killed.
- 現在も京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線や京阪本線が淀を通っているものの通過点に過ぎず、むしろ競馬のメッカ(京都競馬場)として知られている。
- Although the Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto Prefecture Route /Osaka Prefecture Route 13 and the Keihan Main Line run in the area today, they only pass through it, and it is rather famous as a Mecca for horse race fans (JRA Kyoto Race Course).
- 陸奥権介となり、鎮守府将軍小野春風を助け、878年の元慶の乱(秋田城で蝦夷が起こした反乱)を鎮圧するために出兵するなど軍人としても活躍した。
- He became Mutsu Gon no suke (provisional vice governor of Mutsu Province), and aided Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) ONO no Harukaze, playing an important military role in suppressing the rebels in the Gangyo War (a rebellion staged by Ezo (northerners) in Akita-jo castle).
- 戦国時代 (日本)が始まる1498年には守護の一色義秀が地元豪族に攻められて自殺していることから、強力な施政はできなかったようにも思われる。
- Based on the fact that the Shugo Yoshihide ISSHIKI was assaulted and driven to suicide by a powerful local family in 1498 around the onset of the Sengoku (Warring States) period, apparently the Isshiki clan did not have strong control over the province.
- このことからも山名教之の代には守護代を務めたこともある進氏は明応年間に入ると山名氏から離れ自立する動きを見せていたことが明らかになっている。
- This clearly indicates that the Shin clan, who served as Shugodai in the period of Noriyuki YAMANA, began to keep a distance from the Yamana clan for independence in the Meio era.
- 最終的な政治裁可を下しうる治天・天皇の不在がこのまま続けば、京都の諸勢力(公家・幕府・守護)らの政治執行がすべて遅滞することになってしまう。
- Since the Chiten and Emperor, who would make the final political decision, were absent, the political administration of the various forces in Kyoto (kuge, bakufu, shugo) was delayed.
- 山内政綱は防戦したが、守り切ることができず、火を放ち敗走し、六角高頼方の武将23人が六角・京極連合軍に寝返ったと『碧山目録』に記載されている。
- According to 'Hekizan Mokuroku,' although, Masatsuna YAMANOUCHI fought against the allied forces, he eventually set the castle alight and withdrew, and the 23 military commanders, who once belonged to the side of Takayori ROKKAKU, switched allegiance to the allied forces of the Rokkaku and the Kyogoku clans.
- 室町時代の守護大名は国ごとあるいは郡ごとの一円支配だったのに対し、秀吉は太閤蔵入地を設定して大名の支配を郷村単位の支配としたことに意義がある。
- While 'shugo daimyo' (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) during the Muromachi period reigned over a whole region or province, Hideyoshi established the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi and made the area that each feudal lord could reign 'goson' (a self-governing village).
- この時、正門外で突然毎日新聞社の車が「君が代」を流したため、これに反発した学生の中から反戦歌「平和を守れ」の歌声が流れ、次第に大合唱となった。
- At this time, someone on board a vehicle for the Mainichi Newspapers played 'Kimigayo' (Japan's national anthem), and some students who were offended by it started to sing an antiwar song 'Heiwa wo mamore' (maintain peace) and many students joined forces with them.
- 以後、義久は弟の義弘に家督を譲って二頭政治を行ない、島津家は豊臣政権、江戸幕府の下でこの2国1郡の領土を明治時代まで守り抜いていくことになる。
- Thereafter, Yoshihisa transferred the head of the family to his younger brother Yoshihiro to launch a diarchy, and the Shimazu family retained the two Provinces and a County under the Toyotomi regime and Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) until the Meiji period.
- 幕府保守層や儒学者たちによる蘭学者に対する一大弾圧事件などではなく、尚歯会を敵視する鳥居が他の幕閣の容認のもと、単独で決行したのが真相である。
- This was not a suppression of Dutch scholars by the Bakufu conservatives or Confucian scholars, but the truth was that Torii, who perceived Shoshikai as an enemy, acted solely with other cabinet officials with the Shogunate's approval.
- 藩は、守護大名が荘園を解体し、各農村に所領を持つ国人級の武士や、武士化した名主層(地侍)を被官化し、一円的領域支配を築いていったことに始まる。
- Han started when shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) dismantled manors and employed local lords-grade samurai who had owned a territory in each farming village and the village headmen who had become local samurai as their vassals, firmly building a system to rule the whole region in their territory.
- その為、「成り上がり者が調子に乗っている(天狗になっている)」といった侮蔑の意味を込めて保守派が改革派をそう呼んだところから来ているという説。
- One theory says that the conservatives scornfully called the reformers Tengu because 'parvenus got carried away and became like a Tengu.'
- 配下に京都守護職の松平容保、京都所司代の松平定敬らを従え、江戸の幕閣達から独立した動きをみせ、 在京幕府勢力の指導的役割を果たす存在となった。
- He gained vassals such as Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), and he worked independently from the cabinet officials of the Shogunate in Edo and took the leadership role in the bakufu forces stationed in Kyoto.
- 9月1日、鹿児島入りすると、辺見は私学校を守っていた200名の官軍を排除して私学校を占領し、突囲軍の主力は城山 (鹿児島市)を中心に布陣した。
- On September 1, upon entering Kagoshima, HENMI seized Shigakko by removing the government army of 200 soldiers who had guarded, and the main part of the Totsui-gun forces set up a battle formation with Shiroyama (in Kagoshima City) at the center.
- 高直の後は、嫡子上野肥前守高徳が家督を継ぎ喜村山城主となったが、高徳は、弘冶年中(1555~1558)に備前常山城に移り、この城を居城とした。
- After Takanoa, Ueno Hizen no kami Takatoku, his legitimate child, took over as head of the family and became the lord of Kimurayyama-jo Castle, but he moved to Bizen Tsuneyama-jo Castle at a certain point between 1555 and 1558 and resided in this castle.
- また、朝廷や幕府が臨時的な事業(御所造営など)のため田の面積に応じて賦課した段銭や、家屋ごとに賦課した棟別銭の徴収は、守護が行うこととされた。
- Additionally, the shugo were granted the right to collect the tansen, a tax imposed in proportion to the area by the Imperial Court or the shogunate for the contingent project (for example, building the palace) and to collect the munebetsu-sen, a tax imposed on each house.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に入ると、名将・赤松円心のもと、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政で守護国を没収されたことなどから新政から離反した足利尊氏に味方した。
- Entering the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, under an excellent military commander Enshin AKAMATSU, the clan supported Takauji ASHIKAGA, who estranged from the Kenmu Restoration, due to being deprived of the province where he ruled as a provincial constable in the Kenmu Restoration carried out by the Emperor Godaigo.
- 逆に守護大名の段階において領国の一円支配を一応は完成させていた武田氏や今川氏、新興の外来勢力である後北条氏・里見氏には見られない現象でもあった。
- By contrast, this phenomenon was not seen in the Takeda and Imagawa clans, which had achieved ichien shihai (integrated rule over whole territory) when they were still in the stage of Shugo daimyo; nor was it seen in the Gohojo and Satomi clans which were a newly emerged foreign power.
- 一般的に、鎮守府の前身は『続日本紀』に見える「鎮所」(ちんじょ)であり、陸奥国府があったとされる多賀城付近に併設されていたものと推測されている。
- It is generally assumed that the predecessor of Chinju-fu was Chinjo (Pacification headquarters) mentioned in Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued), which was attached to Taga-jo Castle where Mutsu kokufu (the provincial capital of Mutsu province) is supposed to have been located.
- このように、移転後の鎮守府は、多賀城にある陸奥国府と併存した形でいわば第2国府のような役割を担い、胆沢の地(現在の岩手県南部一帯)を治めていた。
- Thus the Chinju-fu after the relocation served as a second kokufu, which operated separately from the Mutsu kokufu located in Taga-jo Castle, and controlled Isawa (south of Iwate Prefecture).
- 不入の権による警察権排除の動きは、検断権が幕府に移った後でも「守護不入」の形で主張・権利化され、戦国大名による荘園制度解体まで続くことになった。
- The movement towards eliminating policing rights by funyu no ken was advocated and was made into a privilege even after policing rights were transferred to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as 'Shugo funyu' (the right to keep shugo [provincial constable] from entering the property) and this continued until the shoen system was eliminated by the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).
- 京都所司代の力のみでは過激派浪士を抑えることができなくなった幕府は、1862年(文久2年)閏8月に会津藩主松平容保を新設の京都守護職に任命する。
- In leap August 1862 (according to the old lunar calendar), the Shogunate appointed the head of the Aizu clan Katamori MATSUDAIRA to a newly established post, Kyoto-shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto), for suppressing increasing masterless samurai extremists whom Kyoto-shoshidai (Deputy for Governor-general of Kyoto) had been no longer able to control.
- やがて、尊氏が勢力を盛り返して京都奪還のために東上すると、石見国守護に補任され、西国における北朝・幕府勢力の拡大と南朝勢力の追討に尽力している。
- Takauji, regaining his power, moved eastward to recapture Kyoto, while Yorikane, as Shugo (provincial constable) of Iwami Province, put his emphasis on the extension of the Northern Court's and the Muromachi bakufu's influence and the elimination of the Southern Court's influence in western part of Japan.
- 当然、宗全は義視の後見人である勝元と対立し、将軍家の家督争いは全国の守護大名を勝元派と宗全派に二分化させて、その衝突は避けられないものとなった。
- Naturally, Sozen opposed Katsumoto, Yoshimi's guardian, and the rivalry for Shogunate succession divided the shugo daimyos in the whole country into two camps, those of Katsumoto and of Sozen, making collision between them inevitable.
- 排出量を排出枠内に抑えた国や事業で発生したクレジットを、排出枠を超えて排出してしまった国が買い取ることで、排出枠を遵守したと見做されるものである。
- The credits, provided by the countries which have succeeded in emissions reduction to meet the allowance or by activities for emissions reduction, can be bought by the countries which have emitted the gases over the emissions allowance and are regarded as compliance with the emissions allowance.
- 日本の諸将は全州で軍議を行い、右軍、中軍、左軍、水軍に別れ諸将の進撃路と制圧する地方の分担を行い、守備担当を決め全羅道・忠清道を瞬く間に占領した。
- Japanese commanders held a council of war in Jeonju and divided themselves into the Right, Middle, and Left groups and the Navy and allocated marching routes and districts to conquer, and determined which troops were in charge of defense and immediately occupied Jeolla Province after marching from Chungcheong.
- 堤防は5月8日 (旧暦)の工事着手からわずか12日で完成し、折しも梅雨の時期にあたって降り続いた雨によって足守川が増水して200haもの湖が出現。
- The embankment was completed in just 12 days from the start on June 8, which happened to be in the rainy season, and the long-lasting rain swelled the Ashimori-gawa River, developing a lake of 200 ha.
- もう一手は堺市を占領して堺政所松井友閑を追い払い、さらに26日には住吉郡や天王寺に進出して大坂城留守居の蜂須賀家政・生駒親正・黒田長政らと戦った。
- Another occupied Sakai City and exiled Yukan MATSUI, the government officer of Sakai, moved to Sumiyoshi County and Tennoji on the 6th and fought with rusui (caretaker or keeper) of Osaka-jo Castle such as Iemasa HACHISUKA, Chikamasa IKOMA and Nagamasa KURODA.
- 寺社の内部では政治権力による警察権は認められず(検断不入、不入の権 (日本)または守護不入を参照)、たとえ謀反人の捜査といえども例外ではなかった。
- In the internal area of temples and shrines, the police authority of political power was not admitted (refer to the articles on Kendan Funyu [refusal of criminal investigation of the Political power], Funyu no Ken [the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property] or Shugo Funyu [another name of shugoshi funyu, privilege of excluding agents of the shugo]) even in the case of the investigation of a rebel.
- 保延2年(1136年)に受領・下総守藤原親通に郡司職(事実上の領主権)を奪われて以降、常胤一族は必死になってその南部を開発していたのかもしれない。
- Since the time when the position of gunji (de facto feudal rights) was captured by zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) and Shimosa no kami FUJIWARA no Chikamichi in 1136, Tsunetane and his family were likely to have struggled to develop the southern part.
- 八代荘(山梨県東八代郡笛吹市八代町)は、久安年間(1145年 - 1151年)に甲斐守藤原顕時が朝廷の承認を得て熊野本宮大社に寄進した荘園である。
- Yatsushiro no sho (Yatsushiro-cho, Fuefuki City, Higashiyatsushiro-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture) was shoen which FUJIWARA no Akitoki, the provincial governor of Kai Province, donated to Kumano-hongu-taisha Shrine in the Kyuan era (1145 - 1151) with the approval of the Imperial Court.
- 朝廷が幕府に対して命じられた公役を御家人・守護・地頭などに転嫁するものと、幕府そのものの運営維持のために幕府が独自に賦課したものという考えである。
- According to this point of view, there were public services ordered by the Imperial court to the bakufu which were shifted onto Gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate during the Kamakura and Muromachi through the Edo periods), Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward), and taxes and labor imposed independently by the bakufu in order to operate and maintain itself.
- 領主の直務で著名な例は文亀元年(1501年)に前関白九条政基が守護細川氏の押領に対抗するために自己の荘園である和泉国日根荘に下向した例が知られる。
- There was a well-known example of feudal lord's jikimu; in 1501, former Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) Masamoto KUJO went to his shoen, Hine no sho, Izumi Province, in order to confront the seizure by Shugo Hosokawa clan.
- 1865年(慶応元年)、長州藩では松下村塾出身の高杉晋作らが馬関で挙兵して保守派を打倒するクーデターを起し、倒幕派政権を成立させる(功山寺挙兵)。
- In 1865 in the Choshu Domain, Shinsaku TAKASUGI who was a graduate from Shokason Juku (a private school to foster young intellectuals), raised an army in Bakan to stage a coup to beat the conservatives in the domain, and established a domain government to overthrow the bakufu (raising an army at Kozan-ji Temple).
- 幕府は46人の赤穂浪士をいったん泉岳寺から仙石伯耆守の屋敷に引き揚げさせて、それから細川綱利、松平定直、毛利綱元、水野忠之の4大名家に預けさせた。
- The bakufu decided to let 46 Ako Roshi withdraw from Sengaku-ji Temple to the residence of Hokinokami SENGOKU for a short period of time and then sent them to the families of 4 feudal lords, Tsunatoshi HOSOKAWA, Sadanao MATSUDAIRA, Tsunamoto MORI and Tadayuki MIZUNO.
- 姉川の合戦により領国が南北に分断されてしまっていたため犬上郡の佐和山城を守備する磯野員昌らは孤立してしまい物資の補給すらままならない状態であった。
- Because the feudal lords' territories had been divided from north to south due to the battle, warriors including Kazumasa ISONO, who guarded Sawayama-jo Castle in Inukami-gun, became isolated and had a hard time even receiving goods.
- 当時の有力な守護大名には、足利将軍家の一族である斯波氏・畠山氏・細川氏をはじめ、外様勢力である山名氏・大内氏・赤松氏など数ヶ国を支配する者がいた。
- Powerful shugo daimyo in those days included the tozama-seiryoku (forces of outside lords) such as the Yamana, Ouchi and Akamatsu clans, as well as the clans of the Ashikaga shogun family such as the Shiba, Hatakeyama and Hosokawa clans.
- 鎌倉時代においては(有力御家人の被官のような例外はあるが)個々の御家人が直接将軍と主従関係を結んでおり、守護は国内の御家人の監督者に過ぎなかった。
- In the Kamakura period, individual Gokenin directly paid homage to the Shogun (although there were exceptions such as being hired by a strong Gokenin), and shugos were mere supervisors of Gokenin within their lands.
- しかし、異文化間の戦争のため明・朝鮮の指揮官は民衆を巻き込んだ籠城に徹し、守将の降伏による無血開城よりも民衆を巻き込んだ落城を選ぶケースが多かった。
- As it was a war between different cultures, however, commanders of Ming and Korea devoted themselves to the tact of holding the castle involving common people and, in many cases, they chose the fall of the castle involving common people rather than bloodless surrender of a defense general.
- 室町幕府においては、有力守護大名家の家督(棟梁)が将軍に椀飯を奉って会食を行う儀式となり、大名家ごとに将軍の元に出向いて椀飯を奉る日付が定められた。
- At the Muromachi bakufu, there was a ceremony where prominent Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) family heads (toryo) served oban to the shogun and ate together, and the date to serve oban at the shogun's place was chosen for each Daimyo family.
- 切妻造・平入の屋根を葺きおろし、母屋もやの前方に庇を付けて前側の流れを長くした形式である流造によって建造されており、平等院の鎮守とされた神社である。
- This was constructed in kirizuma-zukuri style (an architectural style with a gabled roof); the roof of hirairi (the entrance to a building constructed parallel to the ridge of the roof, usually on the long side of the building) was sheeted, and an eave was attached to the front of the moya (the central space under the main roof of the shinden hall) of the main housing to make the front side longer, and it was a shrine regarded as chinju (local Shinto deity) of Byodo-in Temple.
- 西暦1069年から1074年までの延久年間に、陸奥守源頼俊が清原貞衡(清原真衡と同一人物との有力説がある)と共に兵を率い蝦夷を攻略したとされる戦い。
- It is the war against Ezo/Emishi (the generic name of the native people living in the north part of Japan) by the troops led by MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi, the goovernor of Mutsu Province, and KIYOHARA no Sadahira ('清原貞衡' Studies suggest this Sadahira is the same person with '清原真衡') during the Eikyu era from 1069 to 1074.
- 札松方面の鵬翼隊二番中隊が人吉に退却したため、振武隊二番中隊・干城隊八番中隊は程角越の応援のために進撃し、振武隊二番中隊は程角本道の守備を開始した。
- Because the 2nd company of the Hoyokutai-tai troop in the Fudamatsu area retreated to Hitoyoshi, the 2nd company of the Shinbu-tai troop and the 8th company of the Kanjo-tai troop advanced to support their forces in Teikakugoe and the 2nd company of the Shinbu-tai troop started guarding the main Teikaku Road.
- その後の一族の動向は不明だが、天正年間からは東伯耆の南条氏家臣に進下総守が確認され、一部の者は他の有力者の家臣に組み込まれていったものと推察される。
- Although there is no record about the clan in years thereafter, in the records after Tensho era, 'Shin Shimosa no kami' who was a vassal of the Nanjo clan in East Hoki is found, therefore, presumably some of the clan became vassals of other powerful clans.
- 1352年(文和元)、観応の擾乱における軍事兵粮の調達を目的に、国内の荘園・国衙領から年貢の半分を徴収することのできる半済の権利が守護に与えられた。
- In 1352, the shugo were given the right of hanzei to collect half the customs from the manor and the Kokuga's territory within the province, in order to secure military provisions for the Kanno-no-Joran (turmoil of the Kanno).
- その結果36人余の集団となった壬生浪士組は、京都守護職・松平容保より、主に尊攘激派(勤王倒幕)浪士達による不逞行為の取り締まりと市中警護を任された。
- As a result, Mibu Roshi-gumi became a group of about 36 men, and was assigned by Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto Shugoshoku, to control lawless acts by Sonno-joi extremists (loyalists aiming for overthrow of the shogunate), and guard in the city of Kyoto.
- 大津城天守(4重5階)を3重に縮小して移築したといわれ、昭和の天守解体修理(-)のときに、天守の用材から転用されたものと見られる部材が確認されている。
- The tenshu of Hikone-jo Castle was built by transferring and rebuilding Otsu-jo Castle (four layers, five stories) by reducing it to three-layers, and at the renovation (1957-1960) in the Showa period the apparently diverted components in the materials of the tenshu were found.
- 国宝の天守、附櫓(つけやぐら)および多聞櫓(たもんやぐら)のほか、安土桃山時代 - 江戸時代の櫓・門など5棟が現存し、国の重要文化財に指定されている。
- Besides its tenshu, tsuke-yagura (connecting tower), tamon yagura (hall turrets), there are five structures designated national important cultural properties including yagura and mon from the Azuchi Momoyama through the Edo Period.
- 将軍の一字を賜った大名には、畠山尚順ら畠山氏、細川晴元ら代々の細川氏当主、守護代の家系から越後国主となった長尾為景の後継長尾晴景・上杉謙信兄弟がいる。
- The notable daimyo (feudal lords) who received a character from the shogunal names were as follows: The Hatakeyama clan including Hisanobu HATAKEYAMA, the heads of the Hosokawa clan including Harumoto HOSOKAWA, Harukage NAGAO who succeeded Tamekage NAGAO, the Governor of Echigo Province raising from the shugodai linage, and Harunaga's younger brother Kenshin UESUGI, and so on.
- (この場合、対馬・壱岐国が「嶋」としてはずれる)例えば11か国を守護領国とした山名氏は、全国の六分の一の国を領したという意味で「六分一殿」と呼ばれた。
- (in this case, Tsushima and Iki provinces were excluded as islands) For example, the Yamana clan that had 11 provinces as shugo's territory was called ' One Sixth Esquire ', because it possessed one sixth of the provinces of whole country.
- この経典を供養することで国家が守護されるとされているところから、南北朝時代_(中国)の中国や奈良時代の日本で盛んに仁王会や最勝会などの法要が行われた。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China and Nara period in Japan, Buddhist services, such as Ninno-e festival and Saisho-e (lecture series based on the Suvarnaprabhasottama-sutra), were often held because it was believed that a country would be protected by recitation of these Buddhist scriptures.
- またこれと並行して、守護は強い経済力をもって、上記の在庁官人の他、国内の地頭・名主といった有力者(当時、国人と呼ばれた)をも被官(家臣)にしていった。
- In parallel with these processes, the shugo, with their strong economy, recruited as vassals even influential figures called kokujin, such as the jito (estate steward) and the myoshu (owner of the paddy field) in the province, in addition to the zaicho-kannin mentioned above.
- 舞鶴鎮守府隷下の舞鶴海軍航空隊は偵察部隊であるため、舞鶴軍港の防空に必要な陸上機が駐留できる基地として、中郡 (京都府)京丹後市に河辺飛行場を造成した。
- The Maizuru Naval Air Squadron which belonged to the Maizuru Naval Rear Unit Headquarters was a patrol unit, so the Kawabe Air Base was constructed in Kyotango City, Chugun (Kyoto Prefecture) so that the army planes necessary to defend the air space above Maizuru military port could be stationed.
- 奉公衆の湯河氏らも応仁の乱前後から畠山氏の内乱に参戦することが増え、畠山氏の軍事動員に応じ、守護権力を支える立場へと変化していった(教興寺の戦いなど)。
- Around the Onin War, hokoshu such as the Yukawa clan increasingly joined the internal insurrection of the Hatakeyama clan and changed into a position supporting Shugo's power, accepted with the military mobilization of the Hatakeyama clan (the Battle of Kyoko-ji Temple and so on).
- 多くの有力寺社は京都など政治の中枢から遠くない場所にありながら、政治的中立、軍事的不可侵に守られて商工業や金融の拠点として強い経済力を持つようになった。
- Many influential temples and shrines came to have a strong economic power as the base of merchants, traders and finance, because they were guarded by political neutrality and nonaggression although they were located in not so far places from the center of politics such as Kyoto.
- その後、実際には佐竹義宗が前下総守藤原親通が持っていた新券(証文)を親通の次男・藤原親盛 (下総守)から入手したものであり、これに基づいた寄進であった。
- The fact was that Yoshimune SATAKE obtained a deed that the former Shimosa no kami FUJIWARA no Chikamichi had, from Chikamichi's second son FUJIWARA no Chikamori, who was Shimosa no kami, and the donation was based on the deed.
- 天長3年に初めて3国の太守に任じられたのは、賀陽親王(常陸国太守)、仲野親王(上総国太守)、 葛井親王(上野国太守)で、いずれも桓武天皇の皇子であった。
- Those who were firstly appointed to the kokushu of the above three provinces in 826 were Imperial Prince Kaya (Taishu of Hitachi Province), Imperial Prince Nakano (Taishu of Kazusa Province), and Imperial Prince Kadoi (Taishu of Kozuke Province) and all of them were Emperor Kanmu's princes.
- 密勅は万里小路正房より水戸藩京都留守居役鵜飼吉左衛門に下り、吉左衛門の子 鵜飼幸吉の手によって水戸藩家老 安島帯刀を介して水戸藩主徳川慶篤に伝えられた。
- The mitchoku was passed from Naofusa MADENOKOJI to Kichizaemon UGAI, the Kyoto rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) of the Mito Domain, and Kokichi UGAI, the son of Kichizaemon, passed it to Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA, the lord of the Mito Domain, via Tatewaki AJIMA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Mito Domain.
- 第7編「国民の職分を論ず」において、主君のために自分の命を投げ出す忠君義士の討死と、主人の命令を守れなかったために首をくくった権助の死を同一視している。
- In the seventh volume 'Consideration of the jobs of people', he painted a very loyal hero who sacrificed himself to his lord, and an ordinary man who killed himself because he could not uphold the order from his lord, with the same brush.
- また蘇我蝦夷の邸宅の位置や蘇我氏が建立した飛鳥寺の位置から、蘇我氏は飛鳥板蓋宮の周り砦を置き外敵から都を守ろうとしたのではないかという説が出されている。
- Furthermore, another theory states that judging from the locations of SOGA no Emishi residence and Asuka-dera Temple, the Soga clan was trying to guard the capital by building forts around Asuka Itabuki no Miya Palace.
- 重勝は秀吉の没後、徳川家康と石田三成とが対立すると三成に味方し、1600年(慶長5年)には家康方の細川幽斎が守る田辺城を攻め落城させた(田辺城の戦い)。
- After Hideyoshi passed away, Shigekatsu stood by the side of Mitsunari ISHIDA during Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's conflict with Mitsunari; in 1600, he attacked and conquered Tanabe-jo Castle protected by Yusai HOSOKAWA who stood at Ieyasu's side (the Battle of Tanabe-jo Castle).
- 東港は1901年に軍港に指定され舞鶴鎮守府が開設されて以来、大日本帝国海軍が港湾のみならず、本来単なる入り江に過ぎなかった東舞鶴地区の土地造成も行った。
- Since the East Port was designated as a naval port to house the Maizuru Chinju-fu in 1901, the former Japanese Imperial Navy not only developed it as the harbor but also reclaimed the land of Higashi Maizuru area--once merely an inlet.
- 義政は、守護大名を統率する覇気に乏しく、もっぱら茶・作庭・猿楽などに没頭し、幕政は実力者の管領家の勝元・四職家の宗全、正室の日野富子らに左右されていた。
- As Yoshimasa lacked dynamism to lead shugo daimyos and immersed himself solely in tea ceremony, gardening and sarugaku plays, the actual steering of the Bakufu was in the hands of strongmen including Katsumoto of the deputy family, Sozen of one of Shishoku ke (four families appointed to deputy directorship of the Board of Retainers) and Yoshimasa's legitimate wife Tomiko HINO.
- 幕府要職や複数国守護のほとんどが細川氏、斯波氏、山名氏、一色氏、畠山氏、渋川氏、今川氏、上杉氏(外戚)など足利一門によって占められているのが特徴である。
- Major posts of the bakufu and shugos governing several lands were held by the Ashikaga family such as the Hosokawa clan, Shiba clan, Yamana clan, Isshiki clan, Hatakeyama clan, Shibukawa clan, Imagawa clan, Uesugi clan (cognate), etc.
- 宮津藩京極家は改易、丹後田辺藩京極家は但馬へ転封となる中、峰山藩京極家は丹後の所領を幕末まで守り通し、京極高知の丹後藩の伝統を伝える存在として知られた。
- While the Kyogoku clan of the Miyazu Domain was punished by being deprived of their fief and the Kyogoku clan of the Tanabe Domain of Tango Province was transferred to Tajima, the Kyogoku clan of the Mineyama Domain kept their territory until the end of the Edo period, and passed down the tradition of the Tango Domain established by Takatomo KYOGOKU.
- 美濃の守護職を務める頼忠の子の土岐頼益は、優れた武将で合戦でたびたび戦功があり、「幕府七頭」の一家として評定衆に列し、侍所別当として幕閣の重鎮となった。
- Mino no Shugo (provincial constable of Mino Province) Yorimasu TOKI, the son of Yoritada, was an excellent busho (military commander) and often distingushed himself in battles, who was listed in Hyojoshu (a member of the Council of State) as one of the head of the Bakufu-Shichito (7 greatest families of bakufu), and became a grand person of the Shogunal cabinet as Samurai-dokoro betto (an administrator of the Board of Retainers).
- 天正3年(1575年)、長篠の戦いの後、武田氏の外戚である木曾義昌(武田信玄の娘・真理姫の夫)は武田勝頼より秋山信友が守る美濃国岩村城の支援を命じられた。
- In 1575, after the Battle of Nagashino, Yoshimasa KISO (who was married to Marihime, Shingen TAKEDA's daughter), a maternal relative of the Takeda clan, was ordered by Katsuyori TAKEDA to support Nobumoto AKIYAMA in defending Iwamura-jo Castle in Mino Province.
- 所謂「古史古伝」のひとつである物部文書に拠ると出羽物部氏は物部守屋の子孫と称し、扶桑略記、陸奥話記などには物部長頼が陸奥大目となったことが記載されている。
- According to 'Mononobe Bunsho,' one of the so-called 'Koshi Koden' (Ancient History and Legends), the Dewa-Mononobe clan called itself a descendant of MONONOBE no Moriya, and Fuso Ryakki (A Brief History of Japan) and Mutsu Waki (A Tale of Mutsu) say that MONONOBE no Nagayori was appointed to Mutsu no Daisakan (the fourth rank officer).
- 家康は、光秀が所有していた熊毛の鑓(やり)を何故か所有しており「これは名将 日向守殿の鑓である、日向守の武功に肖れ。」と付言して従兄弟 水野勝成に与えた。
- Although the reason is not known, Ieyasu had a kumage no yari (spear decorated with hairs of bear) that once belonged to Mitsuhide and gave it to his cousin, Katsunari MIZUNO telling 'This is a spear that was once owned by Hyuganokami, who was a famous general. Have similar military achievements to Hyuganokami's.'
- 三成は大規模な改修工事を行い、山頂に五層(三層説あり)の天守が高くそびえたつほどの城を築き、「三成に過ぎたるもの二つあり、島左近と佐和山の城」と言わしめた。
- Mitsunari launched a large-scale repair project, constructing a towering castle with a five-storey (others claim it was a three-storey) central donjon on the mountain's summit, which lead to the saying 'Mitsunari outdid himself about two things, Sakon SHIMA and Sawayama-jo Castle.'
- これは、今川氏は既に室町幕府の権威によって領国を統治する守護大名ではなく、自らの実力によって領国を統治する戦国大名であることを明確に宣言したものでもあった。
- This was also clear declaration by the Imagawa clan that he was no longer the shugo daimyo who ruled his territory backed by the authority of the Muromachi bakufu, but the Sengoku daimyo who ruled his own territory with his own capability.
- しかし、義仲が受領(従五位下左馬頭・越後守)任官を果たした(『玉葉』八月十日条)のに対し、頼朝には本来の官位復帰すら与えられず、謀叛人の身分のままとされた。
- However, while Yoshinaka was appointed as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of Echigo no kami (Provincial Governor of Echigo) whose rank was Samanokami (the head of the section taking care of imperial horses) of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)(according to the section of the 10th day of the 8th month in the 'Gyokuyo'), Yoritomo was not even allowed to regain an official court rank, and his social position as a rebel was retained.
- 頼朝は、1180年(治承4年)に鎌倉に侍所を置き御家人を統制し、さらに1185年には、義経の追捕を理由に、各国へ守護・地頭を設置し、全国の支配権を確立した。
- In 1180, Yoritomo controlled the gokenin by creating the Board of Retainers in Kamakura, and in 1185, for the reason of search and capture of Yoshitsune, he brought the entire country under his jurisdiction by positioning Shugo (provincial constable) and Jito (estate stewards) in every province.
- 留守政府の元で徴兵令(海陸警備ノ制)・学制(教令率育ノ道)・司法改革(審理刑罰ノ法)・地租改正(理財会計ノ方)といった新しい制度が行われていくことになった。
- Various new systems were implemented by rusu-seifu, including Conscription Ordinance (kairiku keibi no sei), education system (kyoiku sotsuiku no michi), judicial reform (shinri keibatsu no ho) and land tax reform (rizai kaikei no ho).
- このうち、日本国国憲按は、皇帝の国憲遵守の誓約や議会の強い権限を定めるなど、ベルギー憲法(1831年)やプロイセン憲法(1850年)の影響を強く受けていた。
- Japan's national constitution draft was strongly influenced by the constitutions of Belgium (1831) and Prussia (1850), and insisted the emperor's compliance with the constitution and the strong authority of the assembly.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)になると、各国の中小武士団は新たな源氏の棟梁、足利氏のほか、半済令以後勢力を蓄えた守護大名、南朝、北朝方の有力武家らに所領安堵を求めた。
- In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), small and medium samurai warrior band in provinces asked not only the new head of the government, the Genji-descent Ashikaga clan, but also the territorial lord as provincial constable, which had increased its influence after the order allowing military governors or Shugo to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military fund was issued, and influential samurai families on the side of the Southern Court or the Northern Court for recognition and gurantee of the ownership of their lands.
- 「侫人」(ねいじん)とは荒木村重や約束を守らない荒木久左衛門らを指しており、不便と思いながらも「荒木一族は武道人にあらず」と人質全員を処刑するように命じた。
- Sycophants' means Murashige ARAKI, Kyuzaemon ARAKI who did not keep his word, and so on, and although he felt pity, he ordered to execute all hostages telling 'Araki family are not samurai.'
- 西郷の切腹を見守っていた桐野・村田新八・池上・辺見・山野田・岩本平八郎らは再び岩崎口に突撃し、敵弾に斃れ、自刃し、或いは私学校近くの一塁に籠もって戦死した。
- KIRINO, Shinpachi MURATA, IKEGAMI, HENMI, YAMANODA, Heihachiro IWAMOTO, who had watched SAIGO committing suicide by disembowelment, rushed into Iwasakiguchi again, and some of them were shot dead, killed themselves by falling on their swords, or were killed in fights while barricading themselves in a fort near to Shigakko.
- 西郷は、負傷して駕籠に乗っていた別府晋介を顧みて「晋どん、晋どん、もう、ここでよかろう」と言い、将士が跪いて見守る中、跪座し襟を正し、遙かに東方を拝礼した。
- Looking at Shinsuke BEPPU who was injured and rode on a palanquin, SAIGO said that 'Shindon (Shisuke's pet name), Shindon, we already have done everything we should do, haven't we?' and, in front of those high-level samurai who kneeled down, SAIGO dropped to his knees, straightened up, and bent his head down towards a far place in the east.
- 気候変動枠組条約および京都議定書により定められた義務については、その約束が遵守されることを担保するため、罰則規定のように機能する規定が設けられることとなった。
- As for duties subscribed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, in order to make the duties fulfilled, regulations which would function as penalties were set up.
- しかし、1953年の4月29日に同校で起きた失火とその再建策を巡って同年12月5日に保守派の父母が進歩派教員の「偏向教育」を非難したことにより対立が激化した。
- However, the conflict intensified because on December 5, 1953, the conservative parents blamed 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' by progressive teachers regarding an accidental fire occurred in the school on April 29 of the same year and its reconstruction plan.
- 応保2年(1162年)、甲斐守に任じられた藤原忠重は、国内に新設された荘園や加納田を停廃せよとの宣旨を受け、甲斐国に下向させる目代の中原清弘にその旨を命じた。
- In 1162, FUJIWARA no Tadashige, who was newly appointed to the provisional governor of Kai Province, got his deputy Kiyohiro NAKAHARA to go to Kai Province and ordered him to abolish the newly established shoen and kanoden based upon the Imperial decree ordering to do so.
- この移転頃から機構整備も積極的に進められ、たとえば812年には、鎮守府の定員が将軍1名、軍監(ぐんげん)1名、軍曹2名、医師・弩師(どし)各1名と定められた。
- After this relocation the institutional structure was proactively organized and, for example, in 812, the number of officials composing Chinju-fu was clearly specified; one shogun, one gungen (assistant deputy general), two sergeants, one doctor and one do-shi (commissioned officer of big bow).
- しかし細川高国は逆に大内義興らと気脈を通じ、永正5年(1508年)3月17日伊勢参宮と称して京都を脱出、伊賀国守護の仁木高長に身を寄せるという大事件がおきた。
- But, a serious incident occurred -- In collusion with Yoshioki OUCHI, Takakuni HOSOKAWA fled from Kyoto on April 27, 1508 on the pretext of visiting Ise Shrine and took refuge with Iga no kuni Shugo (Provincial Constable of Iga Province) Takanaga NIKI.
- 貞篤は水戸藩松平氏の出身で、天誅組の乱鎮圧などに貢献するなどはじめ佐幕派であったが、慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争では新政府に協力して京都守備を務めている。
- Sadaatsu was from the Matsudaira family of the Mito Domain, and while he first supported Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun side) by contributing to the suppression of the Tenchu-gumi Incident, he helped the new government in the Boshin War in 1868 and defended Kyoto.
- しかし江戸家老色部安長(または千坂高房)が上杉の御家を守るために主人の前に立ちふさがり、「殿は吉良家の御当主にならず!上杉家の御当主でございますぞ!」と一喝。
- However, Edo chief retainer Yasunaga IROBE (also known as Takafusa CHISAKA) stood in his way to save the Uesugi family and shouted at his lord by saying 'you are supposed to be the head of the Uesugi family and not the Kira family.'
- 684年(天武13)10月、守山公・路公・高橋公・三国公・当麻公・茨城公・丹比公・猪名公・坂田公・息長公・羽田公・酒人公・山道公など13氏に真人の姓を授ける。
- October, 684: The title of 'Mahito' was given to 13 clans, such as Moriyama no kimi, Michi no kimi, Takahashi no kimi, Mikuni no kimi, Tagima no kimi, Ubaraki no kimi, Tajihi no kimi, Ina no kimi, Sakata no kimi, Okinaga no kimi, Hata no kimi, Sakahito no kimi, and Yamaji no kimi.
- 禁裏御守衛総督(きんりごしゅえいそうとく)とは、江戸時代末期(幕末)に幕府の了解のもと、朝廷によって禁裏(京都御所)を警護する為に設置された役職のことである。
- Kinri Goshuei Sotoku is the post set up to protect the kinri gosho (Kyoto Imperial Palace) under the understanding of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the end of Edo Period.
- 姫路城の場合を例にとれば、国宝指定物件は4棟の天守とそれらをつなぐ4棟の渡櫓(わたりやぐら)のみであって、これら以外の櫓、門、塀などは重要文化財となっている。
- Taking Himeji-jo Castle as an example, only two structures, the four-roof donjon and the connected four-roof watari-yagura (the roofed-passage turret), have been designated national treasures; the other turrets, gates, walls and so forth of the castle complex have been designated important cultural properties.
- 徳川方に参加していた稲葉一鉄、更に横山城を攻めていた氏家卜全、安藤守就らが織田軍の増援として駆けつけ、浅井軍の無防備な側面を突くと浅井軍も右翼から崩れ始めた。
- Ittetsu INABA, who had belonged to Tokugawa side, and others such as Bokuzen UJIIE and Morinari ANDO, who had been attacking Yokoyama-jo Castle, rushed over there to reinforce Oda troops and attacked Azai's vulnerable side, which eventually made Azai troops start collapsing from its right side.
- 将軍を補佐する管領には細川氏、斯波氏、畠山氏の三管とよばれる有力守護大名が交替で、侍所長官である所司には赤松氏、一色氏、山名氏、京極氏の四職が交替で就任した。
- The major Shugo daimyos referred to as Sankan--the Hosokawa clan, Shiba clan and Hatakeyama clan--assumed the position of control and supported the Shogun, while the Akamatsu clan, Isshiki clan, Yamana clan and Kyogoku clan, as Shishiki, assumed by turns the position of Shoshi, the chief of Samurai-dokoro.
- 源氏武士団を形成した源満仲の子の源頼光は、本拠地の摂津国川辺郡 (兵庫県)多田(現・兵庫県川西市多田)の地を相続し、大内守護(内裏警備、天皇護衛)の任に就いた。
- MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu--the son of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, founding father of the Minamoto clan warrior group--inherited the family's power base of Tada in Kawabe County of Settsu Province (modern-day Tada in Kawanishi City of Hyogo Prefecture), and was appointed the Ouchi shugo ('Protector of the Great Palace,' in charge of guarding the Imperial Palace and the Emperor).
- しかし、衆寡敵せず、勝頼、信勝父子・北条夫人は自害し、長坂光堅、土屋兄弟、秋山紀伊守らも殉死した(跡部勝資も殉死したとする説もあるが、諏訪防衛戦で戦死したとも。
- However, being hopelessly outnumbered, Katsuyori and his son, Nobukatsu and Mrs. Hojo committed suicide, along with Mitsukata NAGASAKA, Tsuchiya brothers and Akiyama Kii no kami (governor of Kii Province); some people believe that Katsusuke ATOBE also committed suicide, but others believe that he was killed in the battle to defend Suwa.
- これまで、国兼は佐敷城の留守を預かっていた安田弥右衛門らの偽りの投降に油断し、6月17日に境善左衛門によって斬殺され、一揆はわずか3日で鎮圧されたとされていた。
- It was believed that the uprising was suppressed after a mere three days, as Kunikane was fooled by the false surrender of Yaemon YASUDA and others who protected the Sashiki-jo Castle in the absence of its lord, and was killed by the sword of Zenzaemon SAKAI on July 25.
- こういった斯波氏の動きに対し、道誉ら有力守護らは反撥を強め、貞治2年(1363年)7月にはこれら反対勢力が高経を討とうと集結しているという噂が立つほどであった。
- Influential shugodaimyo such as Doyo were offended by the behavior of the Shiba clan and people whispered that these opponents were plotting to kill Takatsune in July 1363.
- 江華島事件後の朝鮮では、急進的欧米化を進めようとする親日的な開化派(独立党)と、漸進的改革を進めようとする親清的な守旧派(事大党)との対立が激しくなっていった。
- In Korea after the Ganghwa Island incident, confrontation escalated between the Enlightenment Party (Independence Party), the pro-Japanese group seeking radial westernization, and the Conservative Party (Serving the Great' Party), the pro-Qing group seeking gradual reforms.
- 上賀茂地域では、自治連合会が中心になり、各種団体の協力のもと、ボランティアの隊員によるスクールガード隊を組織し、登下校時を中心に子どもたちの安全を見守っている。
- In Kamigamo region, a school guard team is volunteered to be organized, supported by various groups centered in a residents' joint association, to watch the children, especially commuting to and from school and home safely.
- 文明 (日本)12年(1480年)に妙椿が死去すると、斎藤利国(妙純)と斎藤利藤が争い(文明美濃の乱)、その後は妙純と守護代の家宰石丸利光が戦った(船田合戦)。
- After the death of Myochin in 1480, Toshikuni SAITO (Myojun) and Toshifuji SAITO fought against each other (Bunmei Mino War), then, Myojun and Toshimitsu ISHIMARU, who was Shugodai and a main retainer of the Saito clan), had a fight against each other (the Battle of Funada).
- c(1403年)に細川慈忠が守護代として入国した際には村上氏や大井氏、井上氏らが従わず段の原や生仁城で戦ったものの敗走し、翌年12月には高梨朝秀とも合戦となった。
- When Shigetada HOSOKAWA entered the province as a local governor in 1403, the Murakami clan, the Oi clan and the Inoue clan did not obey him, so that Shigetada fought them at Dannohara or Namani-jo Castle but ultimately took flight, and then fought Tomohide TAKANASHI in January, 1405.
- もっとも時代が進んで社会が豊かになってくると消費生活の統制が困難となり、効果の低い奢侈禁止令が他度々出されては遵守が徹底されなというジレンマも抱えることとなった。
- However, as time went by and societies became richer and richer, it became harder to put people's consumption under control, resulting in a dilemma that many ineffective sumptuary laws were issued but not thoroughly observed.
- 今回の襲撃は法皇自らが戦意を持って兵を集め、義仲もまた法皇を攻撃対象とし、院を守護する官軍が武士により完膚なきまでに叩き潰されたと言う点でかつてないものであった。
- The attack this time was unprecedented in that the cloistered emperor with a will to fight gathered soldiers himself while Yoshinaka made the cloistered emperor the target of attack, and that the Imperial army guarding the cloistered emperor was knocked to smithereens.
- 1890年(明治23年)11月25日に召集された第1議会において、山縣は自己の信条である「主権線の守護と利益線の防護」という観点から大幅な軍事予算増強を提案する。
- In the first Diet convened on November 25, 1890, YAMAGATA proposed substantial military budgets increase from the standpoint of his own belief, 'Protection of sovereignty and defense of benefit line'.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府との結びつきが強かったことを理由に新政府に冷遇され、第14代石川貞光の時、陸奥守北畠顕家は古来から石川氏が治めていた領地を結城家や和地氏に与える。
- Nevertheless, the Ishikawa clan was treated coldly by the new government for the reason that it was tied closely with the Kamakura bakufu, and in the time of Sadamitsu ISHIKAWA, the fourteenth head of the family, the Governor of Mutsu Province, Akiie KITABATAKE, distributed the fief traditionally succeeded and controlled by Ishikawa clan to the Yuki family and the Wachi clan.
- 4月30日、西郷から豊後方面突出の命を受けた奇兵隊指揮長野村忍介は、椎葉山を越え、一部を富高新町(細島西方)の守備及び細島方面の警備に任じ、主力は延岡に進出した。
- On April 30, commanded by SAIGO to charge into the Bungo area, Commander Oshisuke NOMURA led Kiheitai to went over Mt. Shiiba and assigned part of the troop to the roles of defending Tomitaka-shinmachi (in the west of Hososhima) and guarding the Hososhima area, while advancing the main force to Nobeoka.
- それから20年後の治承4年(1180年)、以仁王が頼政の嫡子の「前伊豆守」源仲綱を通じて全国の源氏に発した令旨を奉じた頼朝は、流刑先の伊豆で平氏打倒の兵を挙げる。
- Twenty years later, in 1180, Yoritomo received Prince Mochihito's ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc) given to the Minamoto clan all over the country through MINAMOTO no Nakatsuna, the former Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and a legitimate son of Yorimasa, and raised an army in Izu, a place of exile, to defeat the Taira clan.
- 海津大崎の桜も還暦を過ぎ、樹勢もかつてのような勢いはなくなってきたが、マキノ地区住民の誇りとも言うべき桜並木は大切に守り育てられ、後世に引き継がれようとしている。
- Cherry trees of Kaizu-osaki exceeded the age of kanreki (60 years old) and they lost their strength to some extent, but sakura-namiki which is proud of by inhabitants of Makino district are protected and fostered with care and is being inherited to the following generations.
- 公武合体派の一橋慶喜、京都守護職松平容保(会津藩主)、松平春嶽(前福井藩主)、山内容堂(前土佐藩主)、伊達宗城(前宇和島藩主)、島津久光らによる参与会議が成立する。
- Then an advisory council was formed by Keiki HITOTSUBASHI, who supported Kobu gattai, Katamori MATSUDAIRA (Head of the Aizu clan), who was the Military Commissioner of Kyoto, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (former Head of the Fukui clan), Yodo YAMAUCHI (former Head of the Tosa clan), Munenari DATE (former Head of the Uwajima clan) and Hisamitsu SHIMAZU.
- しかしその年のうちに政盛が死去、越後では為景と新守護上杉定実の争いが起き、近隣の井上一族を始め北信濃の国人衆が上杉方に付き、唯一の長尾方として孤立していく事となる。
- However, Masamori died within the year, the conflict between Tamekage and Sadazane UESUGI, a new governor, took place in Echigo, local lords in northern Shinano (including the neighboring Inoue family) sided with the Uesugi, and the Takanashi clan was isolated as the Nagao side.
- 元亀年間(1570年‐1573年)の織田信長と浅井長政の激しい戦いの拠点であり、信長の部将であった木下秀吉(のちの豊臣秀吉)が城番として守備していたことで知られる。
- It is known as the base of heavy fighting between Nobunaga ODA and Nagamasa AZAI from 1570 to 1573 and the place where Hideyoshi KINOSHITA (the future Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) defended as a guard when he was the commander of Nobunaga's corps.
- 同時に、任国の旧地頭層の系譜をひく国人領主を被官として従属させ、院宮王臣家や寺社の荘園にも守護請など一定の収税権を獲得するなど、強い勢力基盤を形成するようになった。
- At the same time, they made the descendents of a Jito (military land steward) called Kokujin ryoshu (local samurai) their subordinates, acquired the authority to collect taxes from shoen owned by Ingu oshinke, temples and shrines, and strengthened their power base.
- 鎌倉時代までに様々な正規のルートを通さない命令を発するための公文書が作成されたが、人事に関する命令は詔書・太政官符・位記などの正規の公文書の発給手続が守られてきた。
- Various official documents for orders issued off the regular route were created until the Kamakura period, but exceptionally the documents for orders regarding personnel matters were created by sticking to the steps of issuing such regular official documents as an Imperial Rescript, the documents issued by the Daijokan, and the diploma of court rank.
- 院と延暦寺の対立・抗争、延暦寺攻撃に消極的な平氏という構図は、安元3年(1177年)4月13日、延暦寺が加賀守・藤原師高の配流を求めて起こした強訴でも繰り返される。
- The pattern (confrontation and dispute between the cloister government and Enryaku-ji Temple and the Taira clan who did not wish to attack Enryaku-ji-Temple) repeated on May 19, 1177 at a direct petition by the Enryaku-ji Temple's daishu demanding the exile of Kaga no kami FUJIWARA no Morotaka.
- 中間は、攻撃・虜掠をしたか、攻撃の有無に関わらす規定人数(唐律では100人、養老律では10人)以上を率いて叛いたものの、城を拒守することまではしなかった場合である。
- The medium level was a case of making an attack and taking hostages, or a case of disobedience leading a prescribed number of people (one hundred in Tang Ritsuryo Code and 10 in Yoro Code) which did not occupy the castle, regardless of whether there was an attack or not.
- 薩軍主力が北方に転戦したため鎮台の守城負担は幾分減ったとはいえ、開戦前の出火で失った糧食の補充が充分でないため糧食不足に苦しみ、極力消費を抑えることでしのいでいた。
- After the main force of the Satsuma army was transferred to north, a burden on the garrison in defending the castle was reduced; however, since the provisions that lost in the fire before the battle had not been made up enough, the garrison had a problem of food shortage and had to stretch the food out by reducing the consumption as much as possible.
- しかし、第二京阪道路や京都第二外環状道路が開通する以前は国道1号、京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線、京都府道22号八幡木津線などは市域において混雑が顕著であった。
- However, such roads as the National Route 1, the Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto Prefectural and Osaka Prefectural Route 13, and Yawata-Kizu Line of Kyoto Prefectural Route 22 had been apparently congested within the city before the Dainikeihan Road and Kyoto Second Outer Ring Road opened.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期の1575年、織田信長から丹波・丹後進攻の命を受けた家臣の明智光秀と細川幽斎らに侵攻され、旧守護職の一色義道は殺され、一色氏は完全に没落した。
- In 1575, during the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Mitsuhide AKECHI and Yusai HOSOKAWA who were ordered to invade Tanba and Tango by Nobunaga ODA, killed former Shugoshoku Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, leading to the downfall of the Isshiki clan.
- こうした環境は、当時、長子による家督権継承が完全に確立されていなかったことも相まって、しばしば将軍家・守護大名家に後継者争いや「お家騒動」を発生させる原因になった。
- This circumstance, coupled with the still incomplete establishment of the system of family headship inheritance by the eldest son, often gave rise to rivalry for heirship or other 'oie sodo' (family feuds) in the families of the Shogun and shugo daimyos.
- 同年、源義経・源行家が頼朝政権の内規に違反したことを契機に、頼朝は両者追討の院宣を後白河法皇から獲得するとともに、両者の追捕を名目に、守護・地頭の任免権を承認させた。
- In the same year, when MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and MINAMOTO no Yukiie breached the bylaws of the Yoritomo administration, Yoritomo received an inzen (a decree from the retired emperor) from Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa to seek and destroy both of them and, in the name of this task, had the retired emperor approve his right to appoint and dismiss Shugo and Jito.
- 出雲国守護の塩冶高貞も足利尊氏に味方、扶重も尊氏方に属し、延元2年/建武4年(1337年)には北陸方面で戦い、金ヶ崎城攻略戦や美濃国での北畠顕家への押さえに当たった。
- As Takasada ENYA, the military governor of Izumo Province, took the side of Takauji ASHIKAGA, Sukeshige also belonged to the side of Takauji and fought in the north central region where he participated in the battle of reducing Kanagasakijo Castle as well as suppressing of Akiie KITABATAKE in Mino Province in 1337.
- ロシアの南下が自国の権益と衝突すると考えたイギリスは危機感を募らせ、1902年に長年墨守していた孤立政策(栄光ある孤立)を捨て、日本との同盟に踏み切った(日英同盟)。
- England became alarmed that Russia's southward expansion could clash with its own interests, abandoned the isolationist policy (Splendid Isolation) it had adhered to for many years, and decided to enter into an alliance with Japan in 1902 (Anglo-Japanese Alliance).
- 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前(現在の首塚周辺)から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
- Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.
- だが、尊攘派と長州藩の動きを嫌う天皇の意を受け、京都守護職の会津藩と薩摩藩が密かに手を結び、8月18日、三条実美ら尊攘派公家とを京都から追放した(八月十八日の政変)。
- However, the Emperor disliked the strong connection between the Sonno Joi group and the Choshu clan, he suggested a purge to Kyoto-shugoshoku Katamori MATSUDAIRA (Aizu clan), then the Aizu clan and the Satsuma clan privately joined hands and on August 18 (according to the old lunar calendar) expelled the Choshu clan and sympathetic court nobles to Sonno Joi including Sanetomi SANJO from Kyoto (the August 18 Coup).
- 代わって一橋慶喜は新たに禁裏御守衛総督兼摂海防禦指揮を命じられ、いったん京都守護職を退いていた松平容保も復帰、容保の実弟で桑名藩主の松平定敬が京都所司代に任ぜられた。
- After that occasion, Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI was appointed to Kinri-goshuei-sotoku and Sekkai-bogyo-shiki, Katamori MATSUDAIRA, who had retired from Kyoto-shugoshoku, was appointed to the previous post again, and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (a younger brother of Katamori and the head of the Kuwana clan) was appointed to Kyoto-shoshidai.
- これは御成敗式目によって一層明確化され、不入地に犯罪者などが逃げ込んだ場合でもその追捕は国司・領家によって行われ、不入地の境界線で守護側に引き渡すと言う原則が成立した。
- This agreement was further clarified by the Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai), and then a principle was established that even when a criminal and others ran into such funyuchi (special areas for excluding shugo), the criminal should be searched by kokushi or ryoke, and handed over to the shugo side on a border line of the funyuchi.
- 川勝広継は12代将軍足利義晴、13代将軍足利義輝に仕え、北桑田郡美山町静原の島城を本城とし、八木の守護代内藤氏、京北の宇津氏、篠山の波多野氏など、丹波の武将と対峙した。
- Hirotsugu KAWAKATSU served the 12th Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA and the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, setting the family's base at Shima-jo Castle in Miyamacho-shizuhara (Kita-kuwata County) to counter the other strong commanders of Tanba Province such as the Naito clan who had been Shugodai (Deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) of Yagi, the Uzu clan of Keihoku, and the Hatano clan of Sasayama.
- 時の大審院(現在の最高裁判所)院長の児島惟謙は法治国家として法は遵守されなければならないとする立場から、「刑法に外国皇族に関する規定はない」として政府の圧力に反発した。
- The chief justice of Daishin-in (the predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan), Korekata KOJIMA insisted that Japan was liable for compliance with the law as a law-abiding country, and said 'there was no penal code for criminal cases against foreign imperial families' to resist the pressure of the government.
- 室町幕府管領の細川勝元と、山名持豊(出家して山名宗全)らの有力守護大名が争い、九州など一部の地方を除く全国に拡大、影響し、戦国時代 (日本)に突入するきっかけとなった。
- Strife between Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Kanrei (Shogun's deputy of the Muromachi Bakufu), and influential shugo daimyos (military governors-turned-provincial lords) including Mochitoyo YAMANA (later tonsured and renamed Sozen YAMANA) expanded nationwide except in some regions including Kyushu, and thereby triggering the advent of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan).
- 当初、半済は戦乱の激しい3国(近江国・美濃国・尾張国)に限定して認められていたが、守護たちは半済の実施を幕府へ競って要望し、半済は次第に恒久化され、各地に拡がっていく。
- Initially, the hanzei was granted only in the three provinces where fierce battles had raged (Omi Province, Mino Province, and Owari Provice), but the shugo competed to demand the granting of hanzei, and the right was gradually perpetuated, spreading throughout the land.
- また『兼見卿記』元亀3年(1572年)12月22日の記述よると、'明智見廻の為、坂本に下向、杉原十帖、包丁刀一、持参了、城中天守作事以下悉く披見也、驚目了'とされている。
- Also, according to the description of 'Kanemi-kyo Ki' (The Diary of Kanemi YOSHIDA) on February 4, 1573, there is a description that '明智見廻の為、坂本に下向、杉原十帖、包丁刀一、持参了、城中天守作事以下悉く披見也、驚目了.'
- 戸次川の戦い後に義久の弟・島津家久が占領していた豊後府内城から家久は後方の松尾城 (日向国)に撤退し、代わって島津家久の兄・島津義弘が府内城に入って守備を固めたのである。
- After the Battle of Hetsugigawa, Iehisa SHIMAZU, who was his younger brother, left Funai-jo Castle in Bungo which he had occupied and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle (Hyuga Province) which was located further backward, and Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, who was his older brother, moved to Funai-jo Castle in Iehisa's place to reinforce the defenses.
- このため、香西元盛の兄弟の波多野稙通と柳本賢治は、細川高国に八上城・神尾山城両城で反旗を翻し、阿波国守護細川晴元や黒井城主の赤井五郎の援軍を得て、桂川原の戦いで勝利した。
- For this reason, Tanemichi HATANO and Kataharu YANAGIMOTO, who were Motomori KOZAI's siblings, led a rebellion against Takakuni HOSOKAWA at Yakamijo Castle as well as at Kannosanjo Castle, and they won the Battle of Katsurakawara with the support of Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who was the provincial constable of Awa Province, and Goro AKAI, who was the master of the Kuroijo Castle.
- この法令の直後に頼之が近江国守護職六角氏頼(六角氏頼)に対して発給した御教書がある。その中で、この法令に北朝 (日本)後光厳天皇の勅許が付けられている旨が述べられている。
- Immediately following the establishment of the law, a Migyosho was issued to the Omi Shugoshiki (provincial constable of Omi Province) Rokkaku Ujiyori where it was mentioned that the law had been accompanied by imperial sanction authorized by Emperor Gokogon of the Northern Court (Japan).
- それ故、栄西の『興禅護国論』、日蓮の『守護国家論』、『立正安国論』など、鎌倉新仏教の開祖たちによって、仏教の思想(自派の教義)こそ国を救うものであると盛んに説かれている。
- Therefore, the founders of Kamakura New Buddhism had energetically preached that Buddhist doctrines of their school would save the country, for example, Eisai's 'Kozengokoku-ron' and Nichiren's 'Shugo kokka-ron' (Treatise on protection of the nation) and 'Rissho Ankoku-ron' (Treatise for Spreading Peace Throughout the Country by Establishing the True Teaching).
- 斯波氏没落後、足利義詮はすぐにその領国である若狭国・越前・越中国・摂津などの守護職を没収し、幕府の御料所となし、奉行人を派遣して、寺社本所領の返付や半済の停止を執行した。
- After the collapse of the Shiba clan, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA immediately deprived it of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of the provinces of Wakasa, Echizen, Ecchu and Settsu, made these provinces bakufu's territory, dispatched bugyonin (group of magistrates), returned Jisha Honjo Ryo (lands formerly owned by temples/shrines) and suspended hanzei (shugo's right to collect half of the taxes).
- 21年の中断を経て、足利義教が1432に再開し、1550までに11次51隻(このうち、幕府所有船は7隻で、朝廷船1隻、残りは守護大名、寺社所有船であった)が渡航している。
- After twenty-one years of interruption, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA resumed the operation in 1432 and eleven fleets or fifty-one ships (seven ships were owned by the bakufu, one was owned by the Imperial Court and the rest were owned by the shugo-daimyo or temples/shrines) visited Ming until 1550.
- 『吾妻鏡』の記述によれば、比企氏討伐も頼家の幽閉も政子の「仰」であったとされるし、事件の発端となった頼家死後の一幡と千幡の諸国守護の分掌も政子の積極的な関与が見て取れる。
- According to 'Azuma Kagami', Masako ordered the suppression of the Hiki clan and the confinement of Yoriie as well as she was actively involved in making Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country as shugo after Yoriie's death, with which the incident started.
- 樺太と北海道の兵備の必要と、そのための費用を憂え、「今略屯田の制に倣い、民を移して之に充て、且耕し且守るときは、開拓の業封疆の守り両ながら其便を得ん」というものであった。
- His proposal was that Shakhalin and Hokkaido should need military forces and cost for them, therefore, 'on the model of the Duntian system they should move people there for farming and defense to get the advantages of reclamation and defense of the border '.
- 二刀流の使い手として藩外にも知られていた河西忠左衛門だけは冷静に合羽を脱ぎ捨てて柄袋を外し、襷をかけて刀を抜き、駕籠脇を守って稲田重蔵を倒すなど襲撃者たちをてこずらせた。
- Only the famous two-sword style fighter, Chuzaemon KASAI, was able to calmly remove his outer coat and sheath cover and release his sword using a cord; he fought hard to protect the palanquin, killing Jyuzo INADA in the process.
- 薩軍の球磨川北部の守りが薄かったので、別働第2旅団は12日から25日までの13日間に五木荘道の頭治・竹の原、球磨川道の神瀬、種山道、仰烏帽子岳など多くの要地を陥落させた。
- By taking advantage of the Satsuma army's insufficient defenses on the northern part of the Kuma-gawa River, the detached 2nd brigade seized many strategically important places including Toji and Takenohara along the Itsukiso-do Road, Konose along the Kumagawa-do Road, the Shuzan-do Road, and Mt. Nokeboshi during the 13 days from May 12 to 25.
- そうしたとき、水路が入り組んだ南方江南の諸国は水路を天険の守りとし、強力な水軍を養成してしばしば北方の騎馬兵力を擁して軍事的に優越した華北諸国の軍を撃退することに成功した。
- During those periods, the countries in the south and along the Yangtze River were often able to fight off the army of Hubei (North China) which had power of cavalry and were superior to the southern army, by developing a powerful suigun navy and using their maze of waterways as a natural defense advantage.
- 分国とは中世における一国単位の知行を指す語であり、知行国に始まる概念であるが、室町時代中期以降に守護大名や国人一揆による一国単位の領国化が進み、分国支配が形成されていった。
- Bunkoku is a term for lordship (chigyo) over one county in the middle ages and was originated from chigyo-koku, which developed into the control of one county by shugo daimyo or kokujin.
- むしろ討たれる者が士分の場合、何も抵抗せずにただ無礼打ちされた場合は、国家鎮護守・外敵制征圧(軍事警察力)を担う兵(つわもの)である武家としての「不心得者である」とされた。
- When the attacked was a warrior and was attacked in Bureiuchi without resisting the attacker, he was punished severely as an 'imprudent person' since he was expected to be a soldier who worked for the protection of the nation and to conquer outside enemies (military and police power).
- 後に足利義氏 (足利家3代目当主)(文治5年(1189年)~建長6年(1255年))が承久の乱(承久3年(1221年))の戦功により鎌倉幕府の命で守護職として三河国に入った。
- Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA (1189 - 1255), the third head of the Ashikaga family, was later appointed to serve as the military governor of Mikawa Province by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a reward for his contributions during the Jokyu War of 1221.
- その層が、地域の封建領主層に結びついて自らも小領主化して地侍となり、守護大名や国人(旧地頭層)と主従関係を持って年貢の一部免除を受けて合戦時には「寄子」クラスの軍役を務める。
- That class became connected with the feudal lord class, and they themselves became jizamurai (local samurai) as small lords to hold a master and servant relationship with the shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governor feudal lords) and kokujin (local samurai) (former jito), exempted from a part of nengu (land tax) and served 'Yoriko' (bushi that served under feudal lords during the Period of Warring States) class military roles during battles.
- 勘合船の経営者の室町幕府や細川氏・大内氏などの守護大名、寺院などが勘合船の帰港後に輸入品の売値総額(日本国内の価格に換算した総額)の1割をその船に便乗した貿易商から徴収した。
- The managers of kangosen (trading vessels between Japan and the Ming in the Muromachi period), such as the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), namely the Hosokawa clan or Ouchi clan, etc. and temples, collected about a tenth of the total amount of selling prices (the amount converted into Japanese domestic prices) of the imported goods from the traders who had been on board the vessels.
- 「一色」など一色田に由来する地名は日本各地に残されており(一色を参照)、守護大名として知られる一色氏も元は三河国吉良荘一色(現在の愛知県幡豆郡一色町)を拠点とした一族である。
- There are various Japanese place names with 'Isshiki' derived from Isshikiden (refer to Isshiki) and the Isshiki clan known as a Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) originally came from a family based in Mikawa Province, Kira no sho Isshiki (present Isshiki Town, Hazu County, Aichi Prefecture).
- また、君主や家長に対する忠義の遵守すること、集団で謀議を計ることや、許された宗教以外(邪宗門、はっきり言えばキリシタン)の禁止など、江戸幕府の政策を継承する内容となっている。
- It also inherited the policy of Edo bakufu, including the observance of the loyality to the lord and patriarch and the prohibition of the conspiracy or unrecognized religions (sects, to be specific, Christianity).
- 『今昔物語集』の「摂津守満仲出家せる語」には500との数もあるが、それは『今昔物語集』が書かれた12世紀初めの段階での当時最大の都の武士団の印象を元にした誇張・文飾だとされる。
- The story of Mitsunaka, the lord of Settsu Province' in 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' stated 500, but it is assumed to be just an exaggeration and flowery words following the impression of bushidan of the biggest capital back in early twelfth century when 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' was written.
- 大きく分けて原本に近いと考えられる本(内閣文庫・平安博物館所蔵本など)と洞院実守書写と伝えられるものの、一部に脱落と錯簡が見られる系統(尊経閣文庫所蔵本など)のものが存在する。
- Existing books are basically divided into two groups, namely those considered to be close to the original (a book owned by the Cabinet Library, a book owned by the Heian Museum of Ancient History, etc.) and those with some omissions and out of order pages which are believed to be the manuscript of Sanemori TOIN (a book owned by Sonkeikaku Bunko Library).
- 翌貞治3年(1364年)には、三条坊門に幕府の御所が造営され、各守護に普請が割り当てられたが、赤松則祐の工期が遅れたとして高経が赤松の所領を没収したため、赤松氏の恨みを買った。
- In 1364 when the bakufu's residence was constructed in Sanjo bomon and its construction work was allotted to shugodaimyo, Takatsune forfeited Norisuke AKAMATSU's territory on the ground of the delay in the construction schedule and incurred Akamatsu clan's resentment.
- 一方、大正中期の1920年に日本初の建築デザイン運動として、堀口捨己・山田守・石本喜久治・森田慶一・瀧澤眞弓等の東京帝国大学建築学科出身者が集まり分離派建築会の活動が始まった。
- Meanwhile, in 1920, the mid Taisho era, the first Japanese architectural design movement was beginning with a group of graduates from the Department of Architecture of Tokyo Imperial University including Sutemi HORIGUCHI, Mamoru YAMADA, Kikuji ISHIDA, Keiichi MORITA and Mayumi TAKIZAWA; it was called Bunri-ha Kenchikukai.
- 1873年6月の閣議(いわゆる留守政府)において参議板垣退助が交渉の行きづまりを打開するため陸軍一大隊の朝鮮への派遣を主張、西郷隆盛は使節の派遣と自らその職への任命を主張した。
- In a cabinet meeting (of the so-called rusu seifu - government while heads were away) in June 1873, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Sangi (the Councilor), claimed to dispatch a battalion of Army to Korea to resolve the deadlock in negotiations, and Takamori SAIGO demanded that an envoy be dispathced and he be appointed as the envoy.
- 天正13年の7月、毛利氏の四国征伐に伴う出兵で西伯耆の軍勢が手薄になっている隙に南条元続支援の行松氏は1000余騎を率いて福頼元秀の守る汗入郡の河原山城を攻撃、これを落城させた。
- Seeing the lack of Mori's troops in the Conquest of Shikoku in July of 1585, the Yukimatsu clan, who were in support of Mototsugu NANJO, led a thousand-plus horses to attack Kawarayama-jo Castle in Aseri County governed by Motohide FUKUYORI, finally achieving the fall of the castle.
- 清弘は、在庁官人の三枝守政らとともに八代荘に軍兵を率いて侵入し、荘園の神人の抵抗を斥けて、牓示を撤去し、年貢を強奪したばかりか、在家追捕、神人の監禁・傷害といった濫行を起こした。
- Along with local official Morimasa SAEGUSA, Kiyohiro invaded into Yatsushiro no sho commanding his force and removed boji, plundered nengu (land tax), arrested local farmers, confined or injured shrine associates while eliminating the resistance of any shrine associates.
- その後、摂津国の国衆で細川澄元派であった池田貞政は討死、阿波国に逃れたようとした芥川豊後守も台風で遭難、近江国からだと徴兵もままならず、細川澄元は八方ふさがりの状態に陥っていた。
- Sumimoto HOSOKAWA was hemmed in on all sides -- Sadamasa IKEDA who was a kunishu from Settsu Province taking the side of Sumimoto HOSOKAWA died in the battle, Akutagawa Bungo no kami (governor of Bungo Province) wrecked in typhoon on his way to Awa Province retreated, and there had been little progress in draft enrollment from Omi Province.
- ただし前述のごとく土地への影響力は重層構造であったため、在地領主は自らの土地を守るべく、将軍家のほか、有力公家、国守や守護、あるいは在地の有力武家にその安堵を求めることもあった。
- Since there was a multilayered structure of influence put on a land as mentioned above, the resident landholder sometimes asked not only the shogunate but also influential court nobles, the governor of a province or the military governor, or resident influential samurai family for recognition and gurantee of the ownership of the land, for the purpose of protecting the ownership of his land.
- この地ではかつてさまざまな鉱物が産出されており、特に大江山は金属鉱脈が多く河守鉱山では銅鉱・黄銅鉱・硫化鉱・クロム鉄鉱・銀鉱が、また仏性寺鉱山ではモリブデン(水鉛)が採掘された。
- Various kinds of minerals used to be found here, and because Mt. Oe had many metal-bearing veins, copper-bearing ores, copper pyrites, sulfide ores, chrome iron ores and silver-bearing ores were mined in the Komori Mine, while molybdic (yellow lead) was mined in the Busshoji Mine.
- 彦根城の天守がかつての大津城天守の用材を転用して建てられている可能性が、昭和32年(1957年)に行われた彦根城天守解体修理の際に符号、墨書きが見つかったことを根拠に示されている。
- When the keep of Hikone-jo Castle was disjointed and repaired in 1957, some notes and inscriptions in India ink were found, which indicates the possibility that the keep of Hikone-jo Castle was built from the materials once used in the keep of Otsu-jo Castle.
- しかし義政の死後、明応の政変により将軍家が二つに割れて争う中、牙符は有力守護を味方に付ける道具として切り売りされて流出し、1501年には大内氏の手による偽日本国王使が通交している。
- After Yoshimasa died, the family in line to inherit the shogunate divided into two in the Meio no seihen (Meio disturbance), Gafu flew out as they were sold by the piece for winning the influential shugo to their own side, and in 1501, the pseudo envoys schemed by the Ouchi clan, were dispatched.
- これは、昔から豊後守護であり、北九州を抑えようとしていた大友氏には忌々しい存在であり、15世紀から16世紀前半には豊前や筑前などを舞台に大友と大内の小中規模な勢力争いが続いていた。
- Since the Otomo clan had been shugo (military governor) of Bungo Province for a long time, aiming at subjugation of northern Kyushu, it was infuriated with the Ouchi clan -- There had been small-scale to medium-scale power struggles between the Otomo and the Ouchi clans around such regions as Buzen and Chikugo from the fifteenth century to the first half of the sixteenth century.
- 天誅組の変の直後とあって、幕府側の動きは早く、代官所留守から通報を受けるや豊岡藩、出石藩、姫路藩が動き、挙兵の翌13日には出石藩兵900人と姫路藩兵1000人が生野へ出動している。
- This happened right after the Tenchugumi rebellion, so the reaction of the shogunate was quick, as soon as they received reports from the keeper of the magistrate's office, they set the Toyooka Domain, the Izushi Domain and the Himeji Domains, a day after the rising of the army on the thirteenth, nine hundred soldiers from the Toyooka Domain and one thousand soldiers from the Himeji Domain marched to Ikuno.
- このため明治政府は条約改正に努力したものの、逆に国粋主義者の一部には外国人を居留地に閉じ込めて、日本の伝統・文化を守るべきだと言う対外硬運動も起きて複雑な展開を見せることもあった。
- The Meiji government exerted great effort to revise the treaties in order to regain sovereignty over the remaining settlements, but one nationalist faction began a movement to insist that on the contrary, Japanese tradition and culture would be best protected by continuing to confine foreigners to the settlements, rendering the situation still more complex.
- 対武田では村上氏と協力関係にあった善光寺平以北の北信濃国人衆(高梨氏や井上氏の一族など)は、元々村上氏と北信の覇権を争っていた時代から越後の守護代家であった長尾氏と繋がりがあった。
- The local samurai land owners in the northern Shinano area in the north of Zenko-ji Temple (such as the Takanashi clan and the Inoue clan), who were in a cooperative relationship with the Murakami clan against the Takeda clan, had originally connections with the Nagao family, the Echigo no Shugodai (the acting Military Governor of Echigo Province) family since they competed against the Murakami clan over the control of the northern Shinano area.
- 軍都として順調に発展を遂げた舞鶴であったが、1923年(大正12年)2月のワシントン海軍軍縮条約締結に伴い、舞鶴鎮守府は海軍要港部に格下げされ、同時に海軍工廠も工作部に縮小された。
- Although Maizuru saw successful development as a military capital, according to the Washington Naval Treaty in February 1923, Maizuru Chinju-fu was scaled down to a Critical Naval Department with the Naval Arsenal also being reduced to a Naval Factory Department.
- 具体的には COP7 および COP/moP1 で決定され、疑義が唱えられた際の審議・判断を行う遵守委員会が設けられるとともに、不遵守時には次のような措置が取られることとなっている。
- Specifically, they were decided in COP7 and COP/moP1, and the compliance committee, which deliberates and judges questions arising, was established; in addition, the following measures are expected to be taken when incompliance takes place.
- しかし豊臣秀長率いる豊臣軍によって府内城が攻められるや、圧倒的な兵力・物量の差を悟った島津義弘は3月15日の夜半に風雨にまぎれて海路で府内城を脱出し、弟の家久が守る松尾城に退却した。
- However, soon after the Funai-jo Castle was attacked by the Toyotomi's army, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU realized that the enemy's forces and supplies far exceeded his own, so he escaped Funai-jo Castle by sea in the midst of a midnight storm on April 22 and retreated to Matsuo-jo Castle where his younger brother Iehisa was on guard.
- そして、『今昔物語集』巻19第4話「摂津守満仲出家せる語」で源満仲は出家した我が子に「我が心に違う者有れば、虫などを殺すように殺しつ、少し宜しと思う罪には手足を切る」と嘆かれている。
- Furthermore, MINAMOTO no Mitsutaka was grieved by his own child that went through shukke (to become a Buddhist monk) 'if there is someone who defies your will, you kill him as though he was an insect, and cut off his arms and legs for a minor crime' in the 'Story of Mitsunaka, who was the Settsu no kami (governor of Settsu Province) and underwent shukke (become Buddhist Priest)' in Volume 19 Story 4 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (The Tale of Times Now Past).
- しかし、その藤原南家が藤原仲麻呂の乱で衰退してしまうと、石川氏も平安京遷都後亡くなった正四位上・参議、石川真守(年足の孫、馬子の7代孫)を最後に公卿は出なくなり、歴史から姿を消した。
- However, as the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan entered a terminal decline after FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's Rebellion, the Ishikawa clan also failed to produce other kugyo (court noble) succeeding ISHIKAWA no Mamori (Toshitari's grandchild and the seventh generation of Umako's grandchildren), who was Shoshiinojo (Senior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and sangi (Councillor), died after the transfer of the capital to the Heian-kyo, and would vanish from history.
- 王陽明の高弟としては、王畿(龍溪)、王艮(おうこん、心斎)、徐愛、欧陽崇一 (南野)、銭徳洪(緒山)、鄒守益 (東廓)、羅洪先 (念奄)、聶豹 (じょうひょう、双江)らが有名である。
- The best-known of Wang Yangming's top disciples include Wang Ji (also known as Longxi), Wang Gen (also known as Xinzhai), Xu Ai, Youyang Chongyi (also known as Nanye), Qian Dehong (also known as Xushan), Zou Shouyi (also known as Dongkuo), luo Hongxian (also known as Nianyan), Nie Bao (also known as Shuangjiang.)
- 本拠地の播磨国坂本城 (播磨国)に帰った満祐は、足利直冬(足利尊氏の庶子、足利直義の養子)の孫の足利義尊を探し出して擁立し、大義名分を立てて領国の守りを固め、幕府に対抗しようとした。
- Mitsusuke who went back to his home base of Sakamoto-jo Castle in Harima Province found out Yoshitaka ASHIKAGA, a grandchild of Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA (illegitimate child of Takauji ASHIKAGA, adopted child of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA) and backed him up, and strengthened his own territory's defense under the legitimate reason and tried to fight back to bakufu.
- 生き残り、島に取り残された兵士たちは、ジパングの兵士たちが留守にした隙にジパングの都を占領して抵抗したが、この国で暮らすことを認める条件で和睦して、ジパングに住み着いたという話である。
- Mongolian soldiers left behind alive on the island occupied the capital of Zipangu during the unguarded moment when Zipangu's soldiers were absent from it and resisted against them, but they made peace under a condition that they were granted to live in this country.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の初期の蒲生貞秀は、守護の六角高頼をよく補佐し、六角氏の戦国大名化に貢献したが、嫡男の秀行が早世したため、その死後に嫡孫の蒲生秀紀と子の蒲生高郷との間に争いがおきた。
- In the early Sengoku period (Period of Warring States in Japan), Sadahide (貞秀) GAMO strongly supported Shugo (provincial military governors) Takayori ROKKAKU to make the Rokkaku clan one of powerful Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period); however, Sadahide's heir Hideyuki died young and before naming the new heir, Sadahide died, therefore, a conflict arose between Hideyuki's oldest son Hidenori GAMO and Sadahide's son Takasato GAMO.
- 京極軍は家臣赤尾伊豆守、山田大炊以下、奮戦し、7日間持ち堪えたが、9月13日 (旧暦)からは近くの長等山から大砲で砲撃を受け、砲弾は眼下に落ちるような勢いで天守その他の建築物を破壊した。
- Kyogoku Army including AKAO Izu no kami (Governor of Izu Province) and Oi YAMADA fought to defend the castle for seven days, but, on October 19, they were attacked with cannons from nearby Mt. Nagara and the cannonballs rained down on the keep and other buildings of the castle, destroying them.
- 幕府の力がしだいに弱まるようになると有力寺社(相国寺、三十三間堂など)や有力守護大名(細川氏、大内氏など)が船主となり、これに博多や堺の商人、瀬戸内海の町、水夫が結びついて貿易を行った。
- With the power of bakufu gradually declining, influential temples/shrines (Shokoku-ji Temple, Sanjusangendo Temple etc) or influential shugo-daimyo (territorial lords as provincial constables) (the Hosokawa clan, the Ouchi clan etc.) became the shipowners and traded in corporation with merchants in Hakata and Sakai as well as sailors in the towns located in the coastal region of Seto Inland Sea.
- 賎民は五色の賎と言われ、陵戸(天皇・皇族の陵墓を代々守る家系)、官戸(諸官庁に属し公用に従事)、公奴婢(官有の奴隷)、家人(貴族や有力者に属し雑用に従事)、私奴婢(私有の奴隷)があった。
- The senmin were known as 'the five lowly kinds,' which were 'ryoko,' families of the keepers of imperial tombs; 'kanko,' servants belonging to government offices and involved in government work; 'kunui,' government-owned slaves; 'kenin,' slaves owned by nobles or powerful people for odd jobs; and 'shinui,' private servants.
- しかし、大野自民党副総裁、平田四日市市長の死去と、北福井県知事、畑守敦賀市長が相次いで落選するなど、推進の中心人物を失い、1970年には中部圏開発整備本部が調査の打ち切りを発表した。)。
- However, in 1970 the headquarters of Chubu Area Development and Improvement (中部圏開発整備本部) announced the termination of the survey after the loss of key members of the alliance: ONO, the vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party, and HIRATA, the mayor of Yokkaichi City, had both passed away, while KITA, the governor of Fukui Prefecture, and the mayor of Tsuruga City, HATAMORI (畑守), continually lost in the elections.
- 1368年(応安元)に出された応安の半済令は、従来認められていた年貢の半分割だけでなく、土地自体の半分割をも認める内容であり、この後、守護による荘園・国衙領への侵出が著しくなっていった。
- The hanzei decree of the Oan era issued in 1368 authorized the shugo to take not only half the customs, which had already been granted, but also half the land, and subsequently the shugo penetrated deep into the manor and the Kokuga's territory.
- 伊勢平氏が壇ノ浦の戦いで滅亡した元暦2年・寿永4年(1185年)に、信濃国を知行国とした源頼朝によって遠光は信濃守に任ぜられたが、長清はこの地盤を受け継ぎ、小笠原氏は信濃に土着してゆく。
- In 1185, the year of the fall of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) at the Battle of Dan no ura, Tomitsu was assigned to serve as Shinano no kami (governor of Shinano Province) by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who made Shinano Province as proprietary province, then Nagakiyo succeeded the area and the Ogasawara clan settled in Shinano.
- これには諸説あり、小山田信茂は武田家と主従関係でなく盟友関係にあり、郡内領を有する一大名という考え方から、戦禍を恐れる領民の反対などを受け、領地を守るためにとった行動であるという説がある。
- There are different explanations for this attack, one of which is that Nobushige OYAMADA was not a vassal of the Takeda family but its ally and that as the lord of an independent territory, he was obliged to protect his territory and its residents from war damage.
- また、留守政府では旧薩摩藩士で参議の西郷隆盛らが朝鮮出兵を巡る征韓論で紛糾しており、薩摩士族の暴発を予防策として家禄制度を維持しての士族階級の懐柔を行うべきであるとする意見も存在していた。
- In Rusu-seifu, a former feudal retainer of Satsuma and a councilor, Takamori SAIGO and his supporters asserted Seikanron (an opinion to dispatch troops to Korea), and some members of Rusu-seifu insisted that the stipend system should be maintained to conciliate the warrior class, thus preventing the Satsuma warriors from exploding.
- 鎌倉時代にも京都の朝廷は政治機能を発揮していたが、東国支配を強めていた鎌倉殿に1185年守護・地頭の設置を認め、鎌倉幕府が全国支配を強めたため、京都は相対的に経済都市としての性格を強めた。
- The imperial court of Kyoto fulfilled a political function during the Kamakura period but Kyoto came to function more as a financial city as the imperial court allowed the Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura) who was gaining control over the eastern part of Japan to appoint shugo (provincial constables) and jito (managers and lords of a manor) in 1185.
- このほかに、琵琶湖に関しては、滋賀県琵琶湖のレジャー利用の適正化に関する条例や、滋賀県琵琶湖のヨシ群落の保全に関する条例、また景観を守るためのふるさと滋賀の風景を守り育てる条例などがある。
- There are more ordinances enacted with regard to Lake Biwa: for example, the Ordinance Related to the Appropriate Leisure Usage of Lake Biwa, the Ordinance of Reed-Community Conservation, and the Ordinance for Protecting and Creating Beautiful Landscapes in the Shiga Homeland.
- 用語としては鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)より見られ、鎌倉時代後期から出現した自らの既得権益を守るために権力と戦う悪党や、南北朝時代の社会的風潮であった「ばさら」も下剋上の一種とされた。
- As a term, gekokujo was in use from the Kamakura period through to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); examples of gekokujo include the scoundrels that started to appear near the end of the Kamakura period who fought against the authorities in order to protect their own vested interests, as well as the anti-authoritarian social movement known as 'basara' ('vajra' in Sanskrit) that occurred during the Nanbokucho period.
- 征韓論(せいかんろん)は、日本の明治初期において、当時留守政府の首脳であった西郷隆盛、板垣退助・江藤新平・後藤象二郎・副島種臣らによってなされた、武力をもって朝鮮を開国しようとする主張である。
- Seikanron is the insistence of the members of the 'Rusu-seifu' on making Korea open to the world by military power (Rusu-seifu means the government while heads of government are away: the heads of Rusu-seifu were Takamori SAIGO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Shojiro GOTO, and Taneomi SOEJIMA).
- 幕府側にはそれを拒否する力は無く、安政の大獄で失脚した徳川慶喜を将軍後見職、松平春嶽を政事総裁職、松平容保(会津藩主)を京都守護職とするなどの人事を含む改革を余儀なくされた(文久の改革参照)。
- The bakufu side was not yet strong enough to resist that messenger, and had to accept the reformation, including personnel affairs such as appointing Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who lost his standing during the Ansei purge, as a guardian of the shogun, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA as Seiji sosai shoku (roughly, director-general of political affairs), and Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu clan) as Kyoto shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) (See Bunkyu Reform).
- 嘉吉の乱鎮圧に功労のあった宗全は主謀者赤松氏の再興に反対していたが、1458年、娘婿の勝元が宗全の勢力削減を図って赤松政則を加賀国守護職に取立てたことから両者は激しく対立するようになっていた。
- While Sozen, having contributed to the pacification of Kakitsu Incident, was against the reinstatement of the Akamatsu family who had masterminded the incident, he and his son-in-law Katsumoto came to an outright confrontation as Katsumoto appointed Masanori AKAMATSU shugo of Kaga Province in 1458 with a view to weakening Sozen's influence.
- 彦根城の建築物には、大津城からの天守を始め、佐和山城から佐和口多門櫓(非現存)と太鼓櫓門、小谷城から西ノ丸三重櫓、観音寺城からや、どこのものかは不明とされているが太鼓門、等の移築伝承が多くある。
- There are many structures transferred from other castles in Hikone-jo Castle such as tenshu from Otsu-jo Castle, Sawaguchi Tamon-yagura (corridor-style gate acted as a stonehouse and defense post at the entrance to the second enclosure) (not existent) and Taiko-yagura Mon (Drum Tower Gate) from Sawayama-jo Castle, nishi no maru sanju yagura (three-storied tower located at the northwest corner of nishi no maru) from Odani-jo Castle and Taiko-mon Gate (Drum Gate) from Kannonji-jo Castle or not known from where.
- 京都旭丘中学事件(きょうとあさひがおかちゅうがくじけん)とは、1953年4月29日-1954年6月1日にかけて発生した京都市立旭丘中学校の教育方針を巡る保守派と進歩派の教員・父母による対立事件。
- The Kyoto Asahigaoka Junior High School affair is a conflict that lasted from April 29, 1953 to June 1, 1954, between conservative and progressive parents/teachers over the education policy of Kyoto Municipal Asahigaoka Junior High school.
- その何十年かの間に、畿内の領主の一般像が、武装せぬ存在から、武士と武具を常備し、屋敷の守りも固める鎌倉時代の御家人・地頭にも似た、あるいはその御家人の姿に変貌していったことを如実に物語っている。
- It truly depicted a common image of lords of the Kinai region transforming from the unarmed existence to the those armed with samurai and military tools within a span of several decades, and became a servant that was similar to gokenin and jito (land steward appointed by the central military government to each of the manors into which the countryside was divided) that protected residences during Kamakura period.
- 公賢の死去は延文5年(正平15年/1360年)であること、実弟で猶子となった洞院実守が奥書に公賢「老後」の著書であると記していることから、貞和3年以降の13年間のうちに書かれたと推定されている。
- In view of the fact that Kinkata died in 1360 and his younger brother and adopted son Sanemori TOIN wrote in the book's postscript that the book was written after Kinkata's 'retirement,' it is presumed that the book was written during the period thirteen years after 1347.
- 大和国の守護職を収めた興福寺の傘下にあった衆徒(大和武士)の指導者は幕府成立後も「棟梁」の地位を保ち、一乗院系の棟梁・筒井氏と大乗院系の棟梁・古市氏が互いに大和武士の指導者の地位を巡って争った。
- The leader of shuto (monk-soldiers) (Yamato bushi (samurai)) belonged to Kofuku-ji Temple, which was then the provincial governor of Yamato Province, maintained his position as 'Toryo' even after the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu and the Tsutsui clan, toryo of Ichijo-in Temple's shuto, and the Furuichi clan, toryo of Daijo-in Temple's shuto, competed against each other for the status of the leader of Yamato bushi.
- 都城は、都之城を本城とし、恒吉城、梅北城、志和池城、梶山城、勝岡城、山之口城、月山日向城、安永城、野々美谷城、末吉城、山田城及び財部城の12箇所の外城に守られており、容易に攻めることはできない。
- Miyakonojo was an impregnable fort, having Miyakonojo as a main castle, which was protected by 12 outer castles: Tsuneyoshi-jo Castle, Umekita-jo Castle, Shiwachi-jo Castle, Kajiyama-jo Castle, Katsuoka-jo Castle, Yamanokuchi-jo Castle, Gassan Hyuga-jo Castle, Yasunaga-jo Castle, Nonomidani-jo Castle, Sueyoshi-jo Castle, Yamada-jo Castle, and Takarabe-jo Castle.
- 政子と時政は能員に諮ることなく、五畿内・東海・東山の28カ国地頭職と総守護職を頼家の長子一幡に、北陸・山陽・山陰・南海・四海の38カ国地頭職を頼家の弟千幡(後の源実朝)に分割させることを決めた。
- Masako and Tokimasa, without consultation with Yoshikazu, decided to have Ichiman and Senman govern separate parts of the country by assigning Yoriie's first son Ichiman the posts of jito (provincial constable) of the 28 provinces in the Gokinai capital region, Tokai and Higashiyama regions and So-shugo (master of provincial constables) and Yoriie's younger brother Senman (who was to become MINAMOTO no Sanetomo) the post of jito of the 38 provinces in Hokuriku, Sanyo, Sanin, Nankai and Shikai, respectively.
- 義詮は諸守護を動員し、美濃の土岐氏、四国の細川氏、播磨の赤松氏、近江の佐々木氏らの勢力を集め、直義派であった山名氏や斯波氏らの協力も得て、3月に京都を奪還、尊氏も新田勢を追い鎌倉を奪還している。
- Yoshiakira used the various shugo and gathered forces such as the Toki clan in Mino, Hosokawa clan in Shikoku, Akamatsu clan in Harima, Sasaki clan in Omi and with the cooperation of the Tadayoshi group Yamana clan and Shiba clan, they regained Kyoto in March and Takauji chased away the Nitta forces to regain Kamakura.
- 院宮分国制とは、年限を限って、院宮家(太上天皇・女院・皇后・中宮・東宮など)に特定国の国守(または受領)を推薦する権利を与えるとともに、当該国から上進される官物を院宮家が収納するという制度である。
- The ingu bunkoku-sei system is the system in which Innomiya families (the families of Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor), nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), Empress, chugu (the second consort of an emperor) and Togu (the Crown Prince)) were given the right to make a recommendation of kokushu (or zuryo (the head of the provincial governors)) of a specific province and were also allowed to get the kanmotsu dedicated by the province.
- 嘉吉の乱(かきつのらん)は、室町時代の嘉吉元年(1441年)に播磨国、備前国、美作国守護の赤松満祐が、六代征夷大将軍足利義教を暗殺し、領国播磨で幕府方討伐軍に敗れて討たれるまでの一連の騒乱である。
- Kakitsu War is referred to as a series of disturbances occurred in 1441, from when Mitsusuke AKAMATSU, a shugo (provincial constable) of the Harima Province, the Bizen Province, and the Mimasaka Province, assassinated Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the 6th seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') to when he was defeated and killed by the punitive force of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in his own territory, Harima.
- 第一次日英同盟における内容は、締結国が他の1国と交戦した場合は同盟国は中立を守り他国の参戦を防止すること、2国以上との交戦となった場合には同盟国は締結国を助けて参戦することを義務づけたものである。
- The contents of the first Anglo-Japanese Alliance were the following obligations: if either contracting party of the alliance became involved in a war with another country, the other party would maintain neutrality and prevent other countries from joining in the war, and, if either party became involved in a war with two or more countries, the other party would participate in the war to help the ally.
- 真田隊を壊滅させた松平忠直の越前勢が一番乗りを果たしたのを始めとして徳川方が城内に続々と乱入し、遂には大坂城本丸内部で内通者によって放たれた火の手が天守にも上がり、5月7日深夜に大坂城は陥落した。
- Starting with the first invasion of the Echizen troop of Tadanao MATSUDAIRA that destroyed the Sanada troop, the Tokugawa army entered the Castle in a stream; the fire set in the inside of the Honmaru by betrayers reached the castle keep leading the fall of Osaka Castle at midnight of May 7 (the old calendar).
- これに対して、進歩派の教員・父母と京都教職員組合が学校を封鎖して管理授業を行い、これに対して保守派の父母は市教委とともに公共施設を用いた補習授業を行って対抗したことで生徒までをも2分することになる。
- Against this action, the progressive teachers/parents and the Kyoto teachers' union blocked up the school to give custody classes while the conservatives parents and the Kyoto City Board of Education against the progressives gave supplementary classes in the public institution, dividing students into two sides.
- そのため、政府内にも島津久光を筆頭に前原一誠・桐野利秋ら保守的な反対論者を多数抱えており、また西郷隆盛も「壮兵」といって、中下層士族の立場を考慮した志願兵制度を構想していて徴兵制には消極的であった。
- Therefore, there were a lot of conservative people against it within the government, with Hisamitsu SHIMAZU as the leader, Issei MAEBARA, Toshiaki KIRINO and others, and Takamori SAIGO took a passive stance for conscription because he had his own plan of the volunteer 'sohei' military system in consideration of the middle to lower class samurai.
- 古参ともいうべき譜代の家臣と新参の家臣や出頭人との対立、藩政改革にともなう守旧派と改革派の対立、幕末期における信条の対立など、家臣間には主導権や藩政の方向性をめぐってあらゆる派閥抗争の動機があった。
- There were all conceivable motives for factional strife, such as rivalry between a veteran elder of established lineage and a newcomer retainer or group leader, clash between conservative and progressive groups over domain government reform, conflict over credo in the last years of the Edo Period, and disagreements over domain policy and race for power between vassals.
- この堤防は門前村(現:西日本旅客鉄道吉備線足守駅付近)から蛙ヶ鼻(石井山南麓)までの東南約4km、高さ8m、底部24m、上幅12mにわたる堅固な長堤を造り、足守川の水をせきとめようとするものであった。
- This was a firm, long embankment that measured about four kilometers toward the southeast from Monzen Village, now around Ashimori Station of the JR West Kibi Line, to Kawazugahana, at the southern foot of Mt. Ishii, eight meters high, 24 meters deep, and 12 meters wide, designed to block the waters of Ashimori-gawa River.
- 続く東巻は対句の種類と用法を解説し、南巻は文章のあるべき形、またそれを作る際の心構え等を述べ、西巻は韻律上の避けるべき事柄を論じ、そして最終の北巻は対句に関して守らねばならぬ法則のまとめを綴っている。
- The following volume of East explained the kinds and usage of distich, the volume of South mentioned the ideal pattern of sentences and attitude to make, the volume of West discussed the things to be avoided about rhythm, and the last volume of North referred to the summary of the rules to be followed concerning distich.
- 富国強兵政策が執られた明治時代には、いままで寒村であった東舞鶴(舞鶴市東部)に舞鶴鎮守府が設置され、日本海沿岸の一大軍事拠点となり、軍都として急速に発展し、日本海側有数の都市圏を形成することとなった。
- Under the plan for promoting national prosperity and defense in the Meiji period, Maizuru Chinju-fu (Maizuru navy base) was established in a once-isolated village of Higashi-Maizuru (eastern Maizuru City) and became one of the biggest military base along the coast of the Japan Sea, which contributed to its rapid development as a military city and the creation of one of the leading urban areas of Japan-Sea side of Japan.
- 中世後期に入ると、下記(世阿弥『風姿花伝』別紙口伝)に代表されるように「家学」そのものの継承を優先として血縁者ではなくても教えに忠実な門人が継ぐ場合でも結果的には「家学」は守られるという考え方も生じた。
- In the late medieval period an idea came about that 'kagaku' was consequently upheld even when it was inherited, not by relatives, but by pupils who were committed to the doctrine with a view to giving priority to the inheritance of 'kagaku' itself, as represented as follows ('Fushikaden' [The Flowering Spirit] Besshi Kuden [a separate secret teaching] written by Zeami).
- 一会桑政権(いちかいそうせいけん)は、幕末の政治動向の中心地京都において、禁裏御守衛総督兼摂海防禦指揮・一橋慶喜、京都守護職・松平容保(会津藩)、京都所司代・松平定敬(桑名藩)三者により構成された体制。
- The Ichikaiso Government was a politically prominent group in Kyoto, the center of politics at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate; it was formed of Kinri-goshuei-sotoku (Governor-general of the inner palace's guard) Sekkai-bogyo-shiki (Commander of the coastal defense of Osaka-wan Bay) Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI, Kyoto-shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto) Katamori MATSUDAIRA from the Aizu clan, and Kyoto-shoshidai (Deputy for Governor-general of Kyoto) Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA from the Kuwana clan.
- 内容は、前文で「朕は汝ら軍人の大元帥なるぞ」と天皇が統帥権を保持することを示し、続けて、軍人に忠節・礼儀・武勇・信義・質素の5つの徳目を説いた主文、これらを誠心をもって遵守実行するよう命じた後文から成る。
- The rescript consists of the preamble, the main part and the last part: the preamble indicates Emperor holding supreme command, saying 'Being Emperor, I myself am commander in chief,' the main part tells military men five types of virtue of loyalty, courtesy, military prowess, faithfulness, and frugality, and the last part orders soldiers and sailors to follow and practice them sincerely.
- この後、朝廷から禁裏御守衛総督・摂海防禦指揮に任ぜられた慶喜は、京都守護職松平容保(会津藩主)・京都所司代松平定敬(桑名藩主)兄弟らとともに、江戸の幕閣から半ば独立した動きをみせることとなる(一会桑政権)。
- After the collapse, Yoshinobu, who was appointed as Kinri goshuei sotoku (director-general to guard Imperial Palace) and director of protection of the sea around Osaka, along with the brothers Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu clan), Kyoto shugoshiki, and Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana clan), Kyoto shoshidai (representative of shoshi), became semi-independent from the cabinet officials of the shogunate (Ichikaiso Government).
- 戊辰戦争の際には、すでに鳥羽伏見の戦いの時点で薩摩藩兵とともに東寺や大津を守備するなど、最初から勤王の姿勢を示しており、近藤勇を逮捕する手柄を立てるなど実戦での功績も評価され、賞典禄2万石を与えられている。
- From the beginning of the Boshin War, the Ii Family showed their loyalty to the Emperor by guarding To-ji Temple and the town of Otsu with soldiers of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and, having achieved great success with the arrest of Isami KONDO, were rewarded with territory worth 20,000 koku.
- また市内に所在する御霊神社 (福知山市)では光秀が神様として祭られ、光秀の家来四王天但馬守政孝が使用していたすねあてや、当時の福知山城の様子が描かれた絵や光秀直筆の書をはじめとする多数の資料が残されている。
- In the Goryo-jinja Shrine located in the city (Fukuchiyama City), Mitsuhide is enshrined as a deity, and many materials such as jambeau used by Masataka SHIOTEN, Tajima-no-kami, drawings showing the appearance of Fukuchiyama-jo Castle at the time, calligraphy written by Mitsuhide himself, etc, still remain.
- しかし、室町時代に入ると、室町幕府は守護に対して刈田狼藉取締権をはじめ、使節遵行権・半済給付権・闕所地処分権・段銭徴収権など、国内の荘園・公領へ統治的・経済的支配を及ぼしうる様々な権限を付与するようになった。
- But early in the Muromachi period, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) granted various authorities to Shugo, which would enable them to exert a range of administrative and economic influences on shoen and koryo in the country, such as the right to control Karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally), the right to enforce the bakufu judicial decisions in land disputes (Shisetsu jungyo), the right to permit hanzei (half payment of tax), the right to confiscate property from criminals or if it is left derelict, the right to collect tansen (a tax on arable land).
- 八幡 高砂 (能) 養老 老松 塩釜 蟻通 箱崎 鵜の羽 盲打 松風 (能) 百万 檜垣の女 薩摩の守 実盛 頼政 清経 (能) 敦盛 (能) 高野 逢坂 恋の重荷 佐野の船橋 泰山府君 是、以上、世阿弥作。
- Hachiman, Takasago, Yoro, Oimatsu, Shiogama, Aridoshi, Hakozaki, Unoha, Mekurauchi, Matsukaze, Hyakuman, Higaki no Onna, Satsuma no Kami, Sanemori, Yorimasa, Kiyotsune, Atsumori, Takano, Osaka, Koi no Omoni, Sano no Funabashi and Taizanfukun by Zeami.
- しかし総州家支持の国人にも遊佐氏の一派が存在したことが判明していることと、この合戦の後、尚順が義英に対し政治的に優勢に立ち、義英は没落に追い込まれていることから、遊佐河内守は順盛とは別人であると考えられている。
- However, it is thought that Nobumori was not Yusa, the Governor of Kawachi Province, because it has become clear that there was a group of the Yusa clan among Kokujin who supported the Soshu family, and because Hisanobu was politically dominant over Yoshihide after the battle, driving Yoshihide into ruin.
- 万川集海(まんせんしゅうかい、ばんせんしゅうかい、正式には『萬川集海』と表記する)とは延宝四年(1676年)に伊賀の国、郷士で藤林長門守の子孫である藤林左武次保武が書いた22巻、別巻1からなる忍術兵法書である。
- Mansen Shukai (also called Bansen Shukai; '万川集海' is officially written as '萬川集海' in Chinese characters) is the ninjutsu (ninja art) strategy book including 22 volumes with an additional one volume attached to it written by Samuji Yasutake FUJIBAYASHI, who was a descendant of goshi (country samurai) Nagatonokami FUJIBAYASHI, in Iga Province in 1676.
- 信長の敵対者である伊賀忍者に守られた逃避行は、後世、光秀方に誅されることを恐れたものとされるが、 本来は信長方に誅されることを恐れて事前に準備されたものだった、ないし、 自己の関与を否定するための演出であった。
- Although it was told later that Ieyasu's runaway trip guarded by Iga ninja (a secret agent (in feudal Japan) highly skilled in stealth and secrecy), who were opponents to Nobunaga was because of Ieyasu's fear against to be killed by the Mitsuhide's side, it was originally prepared in advance based on Ieyasu's fear against being killed by the Nobunaga's side or it was an arrangement to deny his participation in the plot.
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- 江華島事件以来、当時の朝鮮は、朝鮮は清朝の冊封国(または冊封国)としての朝鮮のままであるべきであるという「守旧派」(事大党ともいう)と、現状を憂い朝鮮の近代化を目指す「開化派」(独立党ともいう)とに分かれていた。
- In Korea at the time, the government had been divided between two factions even since the Ganghwa Island incident: the 'Conservative Party' (also known as the Sadaedang, or 'Serve the Great' Party) which advocated that Korea should remain a vassal state of Qing China and 'the Gaehwadang' (Progressive Party, also called the Independence Party) that was anxious about the current situation and hoped to modernize Korea.
- しかし、17日夜に八条院、18日に上西門院・亮子内親王が法住寺殿を去り、北陸宮も逐電、入れ替わるように後鳥羽天皇、守覚法親王、円恵法親王、天台座主・明雲が御所に入っており、義仲への武力攻撃の決意を固めたと思われる。
- However, on the night of January 8, Hachijoin left Hojuji-dono Palace, on January 9, Josaimonin and the Imperial Princess Ryoshi left, Hokuroku no miya ran away, and, as if to replace them, Emperor Gotoba, Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku, Cloistered Imperial Prince Ene, and Myoun of Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) entered the Imperial Palace, and judging from the move, it is considered that Goshirakawa had made up his mind to attack Yoshinaka.
- 前水戸藩主徳川斉昭の七男・一橋慶喜は英明との評判が高く、これを支持し諸藩との協調体制を望む一橋派と、血統を重視し、現将軍に血筋の近い紀州藩主徳川慶福(後の徳川家茂)を推す保守路線の南紀派とに分裂し、激しく対立した。
- The successor issue divided the domains into two factions in fierce conflict with each other: One was the Hitotsubashi family supporting Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI who had a great reputation for intelligence and was the seventh son of Nariaki TOGUKAWA, the previous lord of Mito Domain; and the other was the conservative Nanki group supporting Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA (later Iemochi TOKUGAWA) who had a close genealogy with the current Shogun and was the lord of the Kishu Domain because of regarding blood line as important.
- 1943年(昭和18年)になるといよいよ戦局が激化すると、舞鶴鎮守府は日本海軍の重要拠点として強化される事となり、東舞鶴市(東舞鶴地区)だけではなく、旧舞鶴市(西舞鶴地区)にも海軍諸施設が多数立地するようになった。
- In 1943, together with the acceleration of war, Maizuru Chinju-fu enhanced its function as a Japanese Naval base, and many naval facilities were built not only in Higashi-Maizuru City (Higashi Maizuru region) but also in Old Maizuru City (Nishi Maizuru region).
- 2000年(平成12年)国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、大阪市・東大阪市・門真市・守口市を中心市とする都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の人口は約1212万人。
- Based on 'the number of employees and students over the age of fifteen, according to permanent residence and destination' from the 2000 national census, the population of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city), centered on the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma, and Moriguchi, is 12,120,000.
- これは足利義詮政権の下で、貞治2年(1363年)に大内弘世・山名時氏ら有力守護が南朝から北朝(幕府)へ帰順するなど、この時期には北朝の優位がほぼ確定し、全国的にも南北朝の動乱期が収まりつつあることを示すものであった。
- The above showed the fact that after influential shugodaimyo like Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA submitted themselves to Northern Court (bakufu) in 1363 when Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA was shogun, the superiority of the Northern Court became apparent and unquiet days of Northern and Southern Courts was ending nationwide.
- 続いて前総理・松方正義と進歩党 (日本)党首の大隈重信の入閣を計画するが、これに大隈にライバル意識を抱く板垣と超然主義を固守する山縣が反発、これを見た伊藤はこれ以上の政権維持は困難であるとみて辞表を提出したのである。
- Subsequently, ITO schemed to take the previous prime minister Masayoshi MATSUKATA and the leader of the Progressive Party (Japan), Shigenobu OKUMA into the Cabinet, but ITAGAKII who had a strong rivalry against OKUMA and YAMAGATA who persisted in the doctrine of superiority rebelled against this, and as a result, ITO considered that it was difficult to keep administration anymore and submitted the letter of resignation.
- しかし一方では権限を越えて条約改正交渉を行おうとしたことによる留守政府との摩擦、外遊期間の大幅な延期、木戸と大久保の不仲などの政治的な問題を引き起こし「条約は結び損い金は捨て 世間へ大使何と岩倉」と狂歌の題材にされた。
- On the other hand, they caused political problems such as a conflict with Rusu-seifu due to their attempt to negotiate for treaty revision which was beyond their authority, long delay of their return from overseas and a quarrel between Kido and Okubo, which became the subject of the kyoka (comic [satirical] tanka) that went like this, 'Failed in signing a treaty, threw out money, how can you explain to the world.'
- 寿永2年(1183年)7月の平氏西走後も、その本拠であった伊賀・伊勢両国には平氏家人が播居しており、元暦元年(1184年)3月に大内惟義が伊賀の守護に補任され、武蔵国の御家人大井実春が平家与党討伐のため伊勢に派遣される。
- Even after the Taira clan escaped to Saigoku (the western part of Japan) in July 1183, men of the Taira clan lived over wide areas of both Iga and Ise Provinces, which had been their home territory, so Koreyoshi OUCHI was assigned as Ise shugo (military governor of Ise) and Saneharu OI, a vassal in Musashi Province, was dispatched to Ise to subdue the Taira clan and their retainers there in April 1184.
- 山本博文著「江戸お留守居役の日記」等によると毛利家では長門国の萩城を残して岩国城などを破却し幕府に報告したが幕府の反応は「毛利家は周防国、長門国の二国だから周防国の岩国城まで破却する必要はなかった筈」というものであった。
- According to the book 'Journal of House Sitting in Edo' written by Hirofumi YAMAMOTO and other materials, the Mori clan reported to the bakufu after the clan destroyed castles such as Iwakuni-jo Castle while leaving Hagi-jo Castle in Nagato Province, then, the bakufu replied, 'Since the Mori clan owns only two provinces, Suo and Nagato, you did not have to destroy Iwakuni-jo Castle in Suo Province, additionally.'
- 古代中国の春秋時代において、周王朝の天子(王)を尊び、王朝を守るため侵入する夷狄(いてき=周辺諸民族。この時代の夷狄は南方の楚を指していた)を打ち払う、という意味で覇者が用いた標語を、国学者が輸入して流用したものである。
- In the Chunqiu period in China, the leader used the slogan meaning 'To respect (尊) the Emperor (王) and protect Zhou Dynasty, we have to expel the iteki (夷狄 [unfamiliar tribes, at that time the Chu Dynasty to the south of Zhou Dynasty]),' and scholars of Japanese classic literature imported to use it.
- これにより皇后や皇子を支持基盤にもつ蘇我氏が有利になり、また天皇が生前、「仏教を敬うように」といった詔があったこともあり、先代の敏達天皇の皇后(用明天皇の姉。後の推古天皇)の命により蘇我氏及び連合軍は物部守屋に攻め込んだ。
- This helped the Soga clan which was gaining strong support from the Empress and the Prince and, following the decree made by the Emperor while still alive asking to respect Buddhism, the Soga clan and the allied forces attacked Moriya as ordered by the Empress of the former Emperor Bidatsu (the older sister of the Emperor Yomei and later the Empress Suiko).
- まず、同年12月に開催が予定されていた「郵政局(郵政関連の中央官庁で、一部で言われるような「中央郵便局」等ではない)」の開庁祝賀パーティーの際、会場から少し離れたところに放火を行い、その後、混乱の中で高官を倒し守旧派を一掃。
- First, at the celebration party for opening the 'Post Bureau (not a 'Central Post Office' as some say but a central government office involved in postal services)' scheduled in December of that year, fire was to be set at some distance from the venue so that they could overthrow the high officials in the confusion to eliminate the Conservative Party.
- 相馬御厨は在庁官人が在地領主に変貌していく過程で、国司や目代と激しく対立した事、在地領主層が脆弱な地位を守るために寄進を行った事、寄進による保護にも限界があり、鎌倉幕府の成立へとつながって行った事の例示としてよく取り上げられる。
- Soma-mikuriya is often raised as an exemplary case of: bitter struggles with kokushi (provincial governors) and mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) during the transformation of local officials to local lords; donation by the local lord classes to defend their vulnerable positions; and the limits of the protection by donation, which led to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 更に応永7年(1400年)に信濃守護職小笠原長秀との間で行われた大塔合戦では、高梨氏や井上一族など北信濃衆は500騎を動員しており、この数は信濃国人衆の筆頭(信濃惣大将)である村上氏と同数で、東信濃の名族海野氏の300騎を上回る。
- In the Oto War between Nagahide OGASAWARA, the Shinano governor, and local lords in 1400, northern Shinano lords such as the Takanashi clan and the Inoue family gathered 500 warriors, while the Murakami clan gathered 500 warriors and the prominent Unno clan of eastern Shinano gathered only 300.
- 室町時代に入ると地侍たちが地元の有力武士と関係を結んで寄親・寄子の関係を結ぶようになり、守護大名や戦国大名も有力武士を傘下に入れる過程で彼らの寄親としての権限を認めて、自らも彼らと寄親・寄子の関係を結んで家臣団に取り込んでいった。
- During the Muromachi period, jizamurai (local samurai) became involved with the local dominant samurai, forming the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship, while shugo daimyo (military governors) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) acknowledged their authority as Yorioya in the process of drawing dominant samurai under their jurisdiction and they also established the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship with them to include them amongst their vassals.
- 貞治の変(じょうじ の へん)は、日本の南北朝時代 (日本)後期(室町時代初期)の貞治5年(1366年)、室町幕府の執事(のちの管領)であった斯波義将およびその父で征夷大将軍足利義詮側近の有力守護大名であった斯波高経が失脚した事件。
- Joji Incident, which occurred in 1366 during the late Northern and Southern Courts Period (Japan) (the early Muromachi period), was an incident by which Yoshimasa SHIBA, shitsuji (steward, later renamed kanrei) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and his father Takatsune SHIBA, an influential shugodaimyo (territorial lord as provincial constables) and a close aid of seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, fell from power.
- 観応の擾乱において一時的に南朝へ下った足利直義や足利尊氏、義詮の側近から南朝へ転じた仁木義長・細川清氏のようなそれまでの北朝 (日本)内部の争乱の没落側と異なり、斯波一族の場合は南朝方へ走ることはなく、おとなしく守護国の越前へと下った。
- Unlike those people who were defeated in the battle inside the Northern Court (Japan), such as Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASIKAGA who once submitted themselves to the Southern Court in the Kanno Disturbance or Yoshinaga NIKI and Kiyouji HOSOKAWA who shifted from the aids of Yoshiakira to the Southern Court side, Shiba clan obediently returned to Echizen Province instead of shifting to the Southern Court.
- 古代の有力豪族であった物部氏の末裔(仏教反対派として有名な物部守屋の弟の5代目の子孫だとされる)である石上氏に生まれた宅嗣は藤原仲麻呂討伐などで活躍をして大納言にまで昇る一方で当時を代表する知識人・文人であり、熱心な仏教信者でもあった。
- Born into the Isonokami clan that is descended from the powerful ancient clan of Mononobe (alleged to be the fifth-generation descendant of the younger brother of MONONOBE no Moriya who opposed the introduction of Buddhism), Yakatsugu is famed for his military accomplishments defeating FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and rising to the rank of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) but at the same time was a leading figure in literature and arts and an avid Buddhist.
- 台湾総務長官は、前身である民政長官などを含め水野遵、曽根静夫、後藤新平、祝辰巳、大島久満次、宮尾舜治、内田嘉吉、下村宏、賀来佐賀太郎、後藤文夫、河原田稼吉、人見次郎、高橋守雄、木下信、平塚広義、森岡二郎、斎藤樹、成田一郎が就任している。
- Successive Chief of Home Affairs and its forerunners such as Director of the Home Affairs Bureau (民政長官) included Takashi MIZUNO, Shizuo SONE, Shinpei GOTO, Tatsumi IO, Kumaji OSHIMA, Shunji MIYAO, Kakichi UCHIDA, Hiroshi SHIMOMURA, Sagataro KAKU, Fumio GOTO, Kakichi KAWARADA, Jiro HITOMI, Morio TAKAHASHI, Shin KINOSHITA, Hiroyoshi HIRATSUKA, Jiro MORIOKA, Itsuki SAITO and Ichiro NARITA.
- 続く平治の乱では、「多田蔵人大夫頼範」(頼盛の誤伝か)なる人物が藤原信頼・源義朝方として三条殿襲撃に加わり、戦後恩賞として摂津守に任官されたことが『平治物語』にみえているが、その他の史料における所見はなく、多田源氏の動向は詳らかではない。
- According to 'Heiji Monogatari' (The tale of the Heiji), in the Heiji Disturbance, 'Tada kurodo dayu Yorinori (maybe a misunderstanding of Yorimori)' supported the Nobuyori FUJIWARA and Yoshitomo MINAMOTO side to attack Sanjo Palace together, so that he was appointed as governor of Settsu Province as a reward after the war, while it is unclear about the clan at that time as other historical materials do not mention Tada-Genji.
- 明治政府の外交政策にとって、この是正は重要な課題のひとつとなるが、逆に一部の国粋主義者からは居留地の存在が外国の思想や宗教から日本の伝統・文化を守る防壁になっているという見地からの存続論も登場して複雑な論争を招くことになった(内地雑居)。
- While this change was an important policy issue for the Meiji government, complicated disputes arose among some nationalists as to whether the settlements acted as a bulwark protecting Japanese tradition and culture from foreign ideas and religion.
- 池田屋事件(いけだやじけん)は、江戸時代後期の元治元年6月5日 (旧暦)(1864年7月8日)に、京都三条通木屋町通(三条小橋)の旅館池田屋で京都守護職配下の治安維持組織である新撰組が、潜伏していた長州藩の尊皇攘夷派を襲撃した事件である。
- The Ikedaya Incident is the name given to an event that took place on July 8,1864 towards the end of the Edo Period in which the Shinsen-gumi, who was a peacekeeping organization under the Kyoto protectorate, attacked the imperial loyalist faction from Choshu who were hiding out at the Ikedaya Inn at Kiyamachi (Sanjou-Kobashi Bridge) on Sanjou-Street in Kyoto.
- その後、その子・今川義元は、天文_(日本)22年(1552年)の分国法「今川仮名目録追加」において現在の今川領国の秩序維持を行っているのは足利将軍家ではなく今川氏そのものであることを理由に、幕府権力による守護使不入地を全面否定したのである。
- Thereafter, his son Yoshimoto IMAGAWA completely denied the shugoshi funyuchi specified by the bakufu authority in his bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku Tsuika' (expanding on house rules left by Ujichika), published in 1552, on the ground that those who maintain order in the present Imagawa territory are not the Ashikaga shogun family, but the Imagawa clan itself.
- 本州西部の有力守護大名であった大内義隆が、家臣陶晴賢の謀反によって、1551年(天文 (元号)20年)9月1日、長門大寧寺に攻め滅ぼされたとき、義隆の遺児歓寿丸は、女装して逃げ山中に潜伏したが、翌年捕らえられ、陶晴賢の家臣に男根を切られた。
- When a powerful feudal lord of the western Honshu region, Yoshitaka OISHI, was overthrown by the treason of his vassal, Harukata SUE, on September 1, 1551 at the Nagato Tainei-ji Temple, the son of Yoshitaka, Kanjyumaru succeeded in escaping to the mountains by dressing as a woman, although he was captured the following year by the SUE clan's vassal, and was killed on the spot; his penis was cut off and brought to Harutaka as the proof of Kanjumaru's death.
- 例えば、後に佐竹義宗が強引に相馬御厨全域を支配したとき、その『源義宗寄進状』には「常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉、是背法令、大非常之上、大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也」と、上総介常澄、千葉介常胤、が共に反抗していることが伺える。
- For example, when Yoshimune SATAKE aggressively dominated the entire region of Soma-mikuriya later, he stated in 'MINAMOTO no Yoshimune's letter of donation' that '常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉,是背法令,大非常之上,大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也,' indicating that Kazusa no suke Tsunezumi and Chiba no suke Tsunetane both rebelled.
- この両論に疑問を表明したのは後藤守一、原田大六、森浩一、伝世鏡論に疑問や同笵鏡の分有関係の解釈について斎藤忠、系統的・理論的に批判した内藤晃、鏡の賜与だけをもって大和政権と地方首長との政治関係の成立を考察するのは困難とする西嶋定生などがいた。
- Shuichi GOTO, Dairoku HARADA and Koichi MORI raised questions regarding the two theories, Tadashi SAITO posed questions regarding Densei-kyo mirror ron and the explanation of the fact that Dohan-kyo mirrors were owned by more than one owner, Akira NAITO criticized the theories systematically and theoretically, Sadao NISHIJIMA insisted that the establishment of a political relationship between the YAMATO Administration and heads of local governments cannot be explained only in accordance of mirrors.
- 土地には耕作権を意味する「作職」、年貢徴収請負権の「名主」、荘園領主への年貢納入を請け負う「地頭職」などが重層に存在し、さらに国衙や守護職が令制国単位で影響力を及ぼしていたため、武士の主従関係も一対一の単純なものであるとは限られていなかった。
- There was a multilayered structure of rights claimed for a land including 'saku-shiki' which meant the right of cultivation, 'myoshu' which referred to the right to collect land taxes, and 'jito-shiki' which was responsible for paying out land taxes to the lord of the manor; besides, as the provincial government office and the military governor possessed influence on each province, master-servant relationships among samurai were not necessarily a simple one-to-one relationship.
- そして、日本一の美女と言われ、美人の代名詞であった看板女優・山本富士子が他社出演の許可と出演本数を少なくするという約束を守ってほしいと頼んだところ永田社長の怒りを買い、一方的に解雇され、五社協定にかけられ他社の映画や舞台にも出演できなくなる。
- In addition, Fujiko YAMAMOTO, a top actress who was known as the most beautiful woman in Japan, requested permission to appear in films produced by other companies and to reduce the number of films required under contract, angering Daiei president Nagata and resulting in her dismissal and a ban on appearing in any film or theatrical production under the five-party agreement among the top film companies regarding management of film cast and crew.
- また家康本陣を守備していた藤堂高虎の一代記である高山公実録にも「御旗本大崩れ」と記され、藤堂勢は一応の応戦はしたものの、真田隊の勢いの前では効果無く、ほどなく家康は本陣を捨ててしまい、高虎自身も、家康の安危を確認できなかったと振り返っている。
- Also in Kozankojiroku, a biography of Takatora TODO, who guarded the Ieyasu headquaters, there is a description of 'a great collapse of hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun)' and Takatora, reviewing the battle, says in the biography that his troop fought back more or less, but was overwhelmed by the Sanada troop, and Takatora himself could not confirm the safety of Ieyasu, who abandoned the headquarters shortly afterward.
- 2007年(平成19年)2月11日の市長選挙では現職の江守光起が引退を表明した事から、市立舞鶴市民病院の諸問題(民間病院への業務委託の是非)と江守市政の継続を唱えて前助役が、谷垣禎一・伊吹文明ら国会議員と一部の府会議員および自民党に推薦された。
- At the mayoral election held on February 11, 2007, after the incumbent mayor Mitsuoki EMORI had announced his retirement, the previous deputy mayor, who had raised problems such as those involving the Maizuru Municipal Hospital (the pros and cons of private consignment of its management), and advocated the continuation of the EMORI administrations, was recommended by Mps such as Sadakazu TANIGAKI/Bunmei IBUKI, some Kyoto Prefecture assembly members and the LDP.
- 平安時代中期頃から見られるが、当初は親王・女御などの生計に資するために判官以下の官職に限って給したが、後には太上天皇や三宮 (后妃)、大臣などに支給対象が広げられ、支給される役職も権守や介などにも広げられた(ただし大臣は掾・大舎人に制限された)。
- The custom had been observed from the mid Heian period: at first, it was limited to the government posts at the rank of hangan (inspector [third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period]) and below in order to support Imperial Princes and consorts financially; later it was extended to Daijo Tenno (retired emperors), Sangu (the Empress, the Dowager Empress, the Grand Dowager Empress), and ministers (however, it was limited to jo [secretary of provincial offices] and Otoneri [royal attendant] among ministers), and the government posts granted were also extended to gon no kami (provisional governor) and suke (provincial governor) other than hangan.
- 要約すると、「日本のように他国よりも資源に富み、勤勉な国民により産業が発達している国、つまり自給自足で豊かな国が、何も求めるものの無い外国人からの奸悪・貪婪・詐欺・戦争などから守るために、門戸を閉ざすのは適切で、そうするべきである」というものであった。
- The following is a summary of KAEMPFER's book: 'Japan enjoys having a developed industry due to having its own resources and a more diligent nation than other countries; in other words, Japan is rich for its self-sufficiency, and it is reasonable and recommendable for Japan to close the diplomatic door to protect itself from snares of wicked deeds, greed, fraud and wars laid by foreigners without resources.'
- 秀吉は、1月17日、寺沢志摩守を通じて玄雅に、「今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々」の朱印状とともに、小袖一服、道服一服を与えた。
- On February 22, Hideyoshi sent Terasawa Shima-no-Kami to award Harumasa a letter bearing his seal, along with a kimoto with short sleeves and a set of formal clothes; the letter told Harumasa that 今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々
- また、維新政府は西洋の諸制度を研究するため岩倉具視を正使、大久保利通・木戸孝允・伊藤博文らを副使とする岩倉使節団を欧米へ派遣するが、「留守政府」と呼ばれた日本残留組の西郷隆盛・井上馨・大隈重信・板垣退助・江藤新平・大木喬任らの手によって、次々と改革は進んでいった。
- Also, the restoration government dispatched the 'Iwakura Mission,' of which Tomomi IWAKURA was the chief envoy, and Toshimichi OKUBO, Takayoshi KIDO, and Hirobumi ITO were the vice envoys, to Europe and the United States, whereas the members of the 'Rusu-Seifu' (the temporary government while heads of the government were away) like Takamori SAIGO, Kaoru INOUE, Shigenobu OKUMA, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Shinpei ETO, Takato OKI, advanced many reforms one after another.
- だが、延べ数十万の兵士を都に集結させて11年にもわたり戦闘が続いたにも関わらず、主だった将が戦死することもなく、ただ惰性的に争いを続けてきた挙句に守護大名たちが獲得を目指していた幕府権力そのものが権威を失墜させてしまい、結果的に獲得するものは何もなかったのである。
- However, in spite of the 11-year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
- また、周辺の工場は地下水をくみ上げ、さらに汚染水地下水浸透禁止の水質汚濁防止法が改正されるまでは、汚染水を意識的に地下に浸透していた工場も多く、琵琶湖周辺の工場地帯の地下水汚染は進んでおり、世界一の閉鎖性水域の琵琶湖の水環境を守るために、早急の対策が必要と言われている。
- Because factories around Lake Biwa pumped the water out of the ground, and many of them dumped effluents deliberately until the Water Pollution Control Law was amended to prevent them from discharging effluents into the ground, the contamination of underground water in the factory area near the lake has worsened, and some people have strongly urged quick action in order to protect the water in what is the world's most enclosed watershed area.
- 長崎の町年寄りは、元禄5年(1692年)および元禄7年(1694年)に、長崎では殺生禁止が徹底していないので今後は下々の者に至るまで遵守せよ、という内容の通達を出しているが、その通達の中でも、長崎にいる唐人とオランダ人については例外として豚や鶏などを食すことを認めていた。
- Since the prohibition on killing animals was not thorough enough, the ward head in Nagasaki issued a circular notice to preserve the law among ordinary people twice, in 1692 and 1694, but the notice made an exception of Chinese and Dutch residents who were allowed to eat chicken and pork.
- この地峡には、桂川 (淀川水系)・淀川・木津川 (京都府)が合流して淀川となる川の流れに沿って、右岸にJR京都線(東海道本線)、東海道新幹線、阪急京都本線、国道171号(旧西国街道)が、左岸に京阪本線、旧国道1号(現・京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線、旧京街道)がある。
- In this isthmus, along the course of the Yodo-gawa River into which the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and the Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) merge, JR Kyoto Line (Tokaido Main Line), Tokaido Shinkansen (bullet train), Hankyu Kyoto Main Line and National Route 171 (Old Saigoku Kaido Road) are on the right bank, and Keihan Main Line and Old National Route 1 (now Kyoto Moriguchi Line of Kyoto and Osaka Prefectural Road 13 and Old Kyokaido Road) are on the left.
- 室町幕府申次衆などを務め、征夷大将軍と諸権門との連絡役を務めることが多かった大舘氏当主が将軍・公卿以下の公家、門跡以下の僧侶、管領以下の守護大名、室町幕府の諸役人や諸大名の家臣などに出す場合の書札礼を差出対象ごとに分けた上で実際の書札を例に取りながら注記を加えたものである。
- In this book, the head of the Odachi clan, who served the Muromachi bakufu as moshitsugishu (a civil servant post of Muromachi bakufu) and played a role of corresponding secretary between seii taishogun (literally, a great general who subdues the barbarians) and influential families, listed actual shosatsurei together with his notes based on the categories of addressees, namely shogun, court nobles including top court officials, Buddhist priest including monzeki (priest-prince), shugo-daimyo (military governor) including kanrei (shogunal deputy), officials of Muromachi bakufu and vassals of daimyo.
- 鎌倉時代における守護の権能は御成敗式目に規定があり、大犯三ヶ条の検断沙汰(御家人の義務である鎌倉・京都での大番役の催促、謀反人の捜索逮捕、殺害人の捜索逮捕)および大番役の指揮監督という軍事・警察面に限定され、国司の権限である国衙行政・国衙領支配に関与することは禁じられていた。
- The power of the shugo during the Kamakura period was prescribed by the legal code for the warrior class: their power was limited to the military and law enforcement, such as the 'Taibon-sankajo no kendan-sata' (three official authorities given to the shugo over criminal cases: the prodding of lower-ranking vassals to fulfill their duties as obanyaku, i.e., security guards, in Kyoto and Kamakura, the search and arrest of rebels and murderers) and the direction and supervision of obanyaku; the shugo was prohibited from participating in the administration of the kokuga and the kokuga's province, which the kokushi was authorized to perform.
- また、若江八人衆も秀次助命のため最後まで奔走した三成に感謝し、慶長5年(1600年)の勃発した関ヶ原の戦いでは石田三成軍の本陣を死守する獅子奮迅の戦いをしている(ただし、藤堂玄蕃は従兄弟の藤堂高虎に仕え、安井喜内は浅野幸長に仕えるなど、必ずしも全員が三成に尽くしたわけではない)。
- The members of Wakae Hachinin-shu were also grateful for Mitsunari who tried his best to save Hidetsugu's life, and in return, they fought to protect the army headquarters of Mitsunari ISHIDA during the Battle of Sekigahara, which started in 1600 (However, not all the members served Mitsunari, as there were exceptions such as Yoshimasa TODO who served his cousin Takatora TODO and Kinai YASUI who served Yoshinaga ASANO).
- この御家人制は平安時代以降の土地制度である荘園公領制に立脚した守護地頭制に由来し、御家人に対して先祖伝来の所領の地頭に任命する本領安堵、また武功に対して新たに地頭に人目し所領を与える新恩給与による御恩を受ける代わりに鎌倉殿の課す軍役や京都大番役、鎌倉番役を課す奉公によって成立している。
- The lower-ranking vassal system originated from the Shugo and Jito system based on shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates) which was the land system after the Heian period, and it consisted of honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) where gokenin were appointed to Jito of the territory inherited from the ancestor and military service imposed by Kamakura-dono or the service of Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) and Kamakura Banyaku (guards of Kamakura), instead of giving a favor by shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) where Jito was newly given a territory for their deed of valor.
- この法令によって意図されたものとしては、今後の室町幕府の土地に関する基本的原則と所領訴訟に対する姿勢が確立して、結果的には守護領国制が事実上公認されたこと、半済から守られることとなった天皇家や摂関家との関係を強化して後年の義満による朝廷・院政支配への道を開いたことの意味の方が大きいと言える。
- Among the goals in the enactment of this law, the following points can be regarded as more significant than others: First, the basic principles of administration of territories and the basic approach toward litigation over territories were established by the Muromachi bakufu, resulting in the de facto recognition of the Shugo-ryogoku system; second, the relationships with the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke, both of which were exempt from hanzei by this law, were strengthened, clearing the way for Yoshimitsu to rule over the Imperial Court and the Retired Emperor in later years.
- だが、鎌倉幕府によって地頭が設置されて検断権を掌握し、更に在地勢力に発言権の高まりとともに本所及び荘務権そのものが衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に守護請・地頭請あるいは在地の有力者などに一定額の年貢納入義務を引き換えに荘務を請負わせる「請負荘園」の増加によって荘務権は有名無実化することになる。
- However, since the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) had established the jito (estate stewards), who held the right to judge criminal cases, the authority of the shomuken and honjo themselves eroded; and further, as the cases of 'Ukeoi shoen, ' which was the contract system in which the shoen owners entrusted the shomu to Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward) or to the locally influential individuals in return for the exemption of the payment of the certain amount of nengu (land tax), increased during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the shomuken virtually lost its substance.
- 神道国教化政策との絡みや、キリスト教を解禁しても直ちに欧米が条約改正には応じないとする懐疑的な姿勢から来る、政府内の保守派の反対のみばかりでなく、宗教界や一般民衆からも「邪宗門」解禁に反対する声が強く紛糾したものの、明治6年(1873年)2月24日禁制の高札を除去し、その旨を各国に通告した。
- The conservatives in the government opposed it because they thought that allowing Christianity could be an obstacle to establishing Shinto as a state religion, and because they doubted Europe and the United States would accept a revision of the unequal treaty immediately even if they lifted the ban on Christianity, but also because the religious world and people opposed it because they considered Christianity as 'Heresy,', but in any case the government lifted the ban on Christianity and announced it to foreign countries on February 24, 1873.
- だが、伊藤の盟友である井上馨外務大臣 (日本)が進めた条約改正案にあった「外国人裁判官」制度と鹿鳴館に代表される欧化政策が内外の反感を買い、自由民権運動による三大事件建白書や大同団結運動、保守中正派(天皇親政派)と見られた谷干城農商務大臣の辞任を招くなど、政府批判が一気に高まった(「明治20年の危機」)。
- However, the policy of Europeanization represented by Rokumeikan and 'a foreigner judge' system, which was included in the amendment of the treaty promoted by Ito's sworn ally Kaoru INOUE, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan), antagonized inside and outside Japan, and criticism of the government was mounted rapidly due to the petition of three major affairs by democratic-rights movement, the movement to unite for a common purpose and the resignation of Tateki TANI, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, who was thought to be a member of conservative political party (direct rule by the emperor party) ([The crisis of the 20th year of the Meiji era]).
- 1354年(正平9年、北朝の文和3年)10月に河内天野山金剛寺 (河内長野市)(大阪府河内長野市)に、6年後の1359年(正平14年、北朝の延文4年/応安元年)には河内観心寺(河内長野市)に移り、さらに翌年住吉に移って住吉行宮の祠宮津守氏の館を皇居とし1368年(正平23年、北朝の貞治7年)ここで死去した。
- In October of 1354, the Emperor Gomurakami moved to Amano-san Kongo-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City) (Kawachinagano City, Osaka Prefecture), and six years later in 1359, to Kanshin-ji Temple in Kawachi (Kawachinagano City), and furthermore in the following year he moved to Sumiyoshi to make the residence of the Hokoramiya (Shinto priest) Tsumori clan, known as the Sumiyoshi-angu (temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit in Sumiyoshi), the Imperial Palace, where he died in 1368.
- 参加者はこの他に良基の2子である二条師良・二条師嗣、猶子四辻善成、叔父今小路良冬、五条為邦、松殿忠嗣、今川貞世、吉田兼煕、冷泉為邦(為秀の子)、東坊城長綱・東坊城秀長親子、宗久、頓阿・経賢親子、安倍宗時・羽淵宗信・丹波嗣長・丹波守長・鷹司忠頼・月輪家尹・頓乗(中御門俊顕)・薀堅(武藤為用)の計23名であった。
- Other than these two persons, twenty-three participated in the event including Yoshimoto's son Moroyoshi NIJO and Morotsugu NIJO, his adopted son Yoshinari YOTSUTSUJI, his uncle Yoshifuyu IMAKOJI, Tamekuni GOJO, Tadatsugu MATSUDONO, Sadayo IMAGAWA, Kanehiro YOSHIDA, Tamekuni REIZEI (Tamehide's son), Nagatsuna HIGASHIBOJO and his son Hidenaga HIGASHIBOJO, Sokyu, Tona and his son Keiken, Munetoki ABE, Munenobu HABUCHI, Tsuunaga TANBA, Morinaga TANBA, Tadayori TAKATSUKASA, Ietada TSUKINOWA, Tonjo (Toshiaki NAKAMIKADO) and Onken (Tamenori MUTO).
- 重臣のなかで脱盟したのは、奥野定良(組頭1000石)、進藤俊式(足軽頭400石)、小山良師(足軽頭300石)、河村伝兵衛(足軽頭400石)、佐々小左衛門(足軽頭200石)、多川九左衛門(持筒頭・足軽頭400石)、月岡治右衛門(歩行小姓頭300石)、岡本重之(大阪留守居400石)、糟谷秀信(用人250石)など。
- People who left the alliance among chief retainers included Sadayoshi OKUNO (head of a group, 1000 koku), Toshimoto SHINDO (head of foot soldiers, 400 koku), Yoshikazu KOYAMA (head of foot soldiers, 300 koku), Denbei KAWAMURA (head of foot soldiers, 400 koku), Kozaemon SASA (head of foot soldiers, 200 koku), Kuzaemon TAGAWA (head of mochidutsu as well as foot soldiers, 400 koku), Jiemon TSUKIOKA (head of hoko kobito, 300 koku), Shigeyuki OKAMOTO (keeper of Osaka, 400 koku) and Hidenobu KASUYA (lord chamberlain, 250 koku).
- 現段階から米国が参加しても、温度上昇を 2100年までに0.15セルシウス度改善したり、2.5センチメートル の海面上昇を抑えたりする程度の効果であり「地球温暖化を 6年程度遅らせるほどの効果である」「京都議定書が保守的に守られた仮定でも効果は限定的」との指摘もあるものの、一定の成果であるといった評価がされている。
- Even if America joins now, some point out that, the temperature increase issue will improve only by 0.15 degrees Celsius by 2100, a sea surface elevation of only 2.5 centimeters will be prevented, that is, 'the effect is such that global warming is slowed by about six years,' and 'the effect is limited if Kyoto Protocol is conservatively observed;' however, the Kyoto Protocol is considered to be a valuable achievement to some extent despite the above harsh comments.
- しかし、河内源氏の「棟梁の系譜」を考えるならば、石川源氏は河内源氏の本領の石川荘を相続しているとはいえ源義時の末裔でしかなく地方武士団の規模を出ず、細々と先祖伝来の本拠地の領地を守っていただけの石川源氏やその後継の石川氏は河内源氏の流れを汲む地方源氏の一つとは言えても、河内源氏そのものの名に値するのかという反論がある。
- However, taking consideration of the 'lineage of the family leader', Ishikawa-Genji is just a descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki even though Ishikawawa-Genji inherited Ishikawa manor, the main domain of Kawachi-Genji, and they remained to be a local samurai group, it can be said that the Ishikawa-Genji and its descendant, Ishikawa clan, who protected the inherited main domain on a reduced scale, is one of local Genji descended from Kawachi-Genji, but it is arguable whether it deserves the name of Kawachi-Genji.
- この時、薩軍の猛将永山弥一郎は「諸君何ぞ斯(かく)の如く怯なる、若し敵をして此地を奪はしめんか、熊本城外の我守兵を如何にせん、大事之に因て去らんのみ、生きて善士と称し、死して忠臣と称せらるゝは唯此時にあり、各死力を尽し刀折れ矢竭(つ)き而して後已(やまん)」(『薩南血涙史』)と激励したが、戦況を逆転することはできなかった。
- In this battle, Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, a brave general of the Satsuma army, encouraged his warriors through the following appeal but could not change the battle situation to their advantage: 'Why are you so cowardly?; If we allowed the enemy to seize this place, how the soldiers stationed outside Kumamoto Castle would become?; Only what is important is to defend this place to the last; It is for that achievement that you are to be praised as a good warrior, if alive, or a loyal retainer, if dead; Fight desperately until all of our weapons are used up' (according to 'Satsunan Ketsurui-shi' (the history of Satsunan full of blood and tears)).
- モンゴル帝国時代、元 (王朝)時代の「日本観」についてであるが、大元朝後期に中書右丞相トクトらによって編纂された『宋史』「日本伝」では、「年代紀に記するところ」として天御中主尊から天照大神尊などの二十三世、神武天皇から冷泉天皇、(宋代初期の)当代の守平天皇(円融天皇)までの約六十四代を列記、されており、以下が記載されている。
- What can be said about information on Japan documented during the Mongolian Empire period, or the Yuan Dynasty, is that the subsection on Japan, 'Japan Accounts' (日本伝), of the 'History of Song Dynasty,' which was complied in the late Great Yuan Dynasty by Prime Minister Toktoghan recounted twenty-three generations from Amenominakanushi-no-mikoto to Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) as 'what the Japanese chronicle had listed' and about sixty-four sovereigns, such as from the Emperor Jinmu (a grandson of Amaterasu Omikami) to the Emperor Reizei and the subsequent Emperor Enyu (the Emperor Morihira), who was the emperor of that age (the early Song Dynasty), and recorded as follows:
- 現在、大阪城天守閣で所蔵されている、自らも大坂の役に参戦した黒田長政が絵師を集めて描かせたとされる屏風絵「大坂夏の陣図屏風」の左半分には、徳川方の雑兵達が大坂城下の民衆に襲い掛かり、偽首を取る様子や略奪を働き身包みを剥がすところ、さらには川を渡って逃げる民衆に銃口を向ける光景、そして女性を強姦にする様子などが詳細に描かれている。
- At the left hand of painting of 'Osaka Natsu no Jinzu Byobu' (Folding screen with painting of Summer Sieze of Osaka) in the possession of the Tenshukaku (keep or tower) of Osaka-jo Castle, which Nagamasa KURODA who joined in the war ordered painters to make, there are detailed scenes that warriors of Tokugawa side assaulted the public in the town of Osaka-jo Castle, trying to get nisekubi (fake head as a proof to kill someone for awards), plundering and despoiling their possessions including clothes, shooting those who try to escape crossing over river, and raping women, and so on.
- 応仁の乱後の文明11年(1479年)に室町殿や内裏の造営が開始されたものの、都市の荒廃による環境悪化によって疫病や火災、盗賊、一揆などの発生が頻発したこと、加えて在京していた守護大名やその家臣達(都市消費者として一定の役割を果たしていた)が領国の政情不安のために帰国したまま帰ってこなかったこともあり、京都の再建は順調とは言えなかった。
- In 1479, after the Onin War, the reconstruction of Muromachi-dono (the Shogun's residence) and the Imperial Palace was started, but the absence of shugo daimyos and their vassals (who had played a more or less substantial role as urban consumers) who had previously lived in Kyoto, but later returned to their politically unstable territories, on top of the frequent occurrence of epidemics, fires, burglaries and uprisings in the deteriorated environment of the devastated city, prevented the reconstruction of Kyoto from steady progress.
- 『日本書紀』の天武天皇十三年十月の条に、「守山公・路公(みちのきみ)・高橋公・三国氏・当麻氏・茨城公(うまらきのきみ)・多治比氏(たぢひのきみ)・猪名公(ゐなのきみ)・坂田公・羽田公・息長氏(おきながのきみ) ・酒人公(さかひとのきみ)・山道公、十三氏に、姓を賜ひて真人と曰ふ」とあって、これら公(きみ)姓氏族はおよそ応神天皇 ・継体~用明天皇の皇子の子孫である。
- According to an article appeared in November 684 in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), 'Following 13 clans should be given the kabane of Mahito; Moriyama no Kimi, Michi no Kimi, Takahashi no Kimi, the Mikuni clan, Taima clan, Umara no Kimi, Tajihi no Kimi, Ina no Kimi, Sakata no Kimi, Hata no Kimi, Okinaga no Kimi, Sakahito no Kimi, Yamaji no Kimi' and these Kimi kabane clans are probably the descendants of Emperor Ojin and those from Emperor Keitai to Emperor Yomei.
- まず元禄14年8月19日 (旧暦)(1701年9月21日)に吉良家の屋敷が江戸城のお膝元呉服橋から当時江戸の外れといわれていた本所(現東京都墨田区両国 (墨田区))の松平信望の上ゲ屋敷に屋敷代えとなり、さらにその直後の8月21日 (旧暦)(8月23日)には、庄田下総守(浅野を庭先で切腹させた大目付)、大友義孝(吉良義央と親しくしていた高家仲間)、東条冬重(吉良義央の実弟)の三名を同時に呼び出して「勤めがよくない」などと咎めて役職を取り上げた。
- Kira was forced to change his residence located in Gofuku-bashi near Edo-jo Castle to the residence of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA located in Honjo, the edge of Edo (current location of Ryogoku, Sumida Ward, Tokyo) on September 21, 1701, and on August 23, the bakufu then called the governor of Shimousa, Shoda (ometsuke who was in charge of Asano's seppuku in the yard), Yoshitaka OTOMO (a Koke member who was close with Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (who was a biological brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and took their positions away by saying 'your services were not good enough.'
- 忽敦 「孫子の兵法に『小敵の堅は、大敵の擒なり』とあって『孫子 (書物)』謀攻編「故善用兵者、屈人之兵、而非戰也。;拔人之城、而非攻也。;毀人之國、必以全爭于天下、故兵不頓、利可全、此謀攻之法也。故用兵之法、十則圍之、五則攻之、倍則分之、敵則能戰之、少則能守之、不若則能避之。故小敵之堅、大敵之擒也」、少数の兵が力量を顧みずに頑強に戦っても、多数の兵力の前には結局捕虜にしかならないものである。疲弊した兵士を用い、日増しに敵軍が増えている状況で相対させるのは、完璧な策とは言えない。撤退すべきである。」
- Dou XIN said, 'the Art of War by Tzu SUN tells us that an obstinate attitude leads a small army to being captured by a large army. If the small army fiercely fights against the large army without considering the deference of their fighting strength, it will end up being captured. It is not a perfect plan to force tired soldiers to fight against the enemy that is increasing in number. We should withdraw.'