失: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 焼失と疑惑
- Destruction by fire and suspicion
- 5巻紛失?
- Volume 5 might have been lost.
- 過失犯の規定
- Laws of criminal negligence
- 浄土に暗い失
- Negligence by darkening Jodo
- 霊神に背く失
- Negligence by turning your back towards the gods
- 念仏を誤る失
- Negligence by making mistakes during nenbutsu
- 国土を乱す失
- Negligence by upsetting the country
- 新宗を立てる失
- Negligence by starting a new order
- 新像を図する失
- Negligence by creating new images
- 万善を妨ぐる失
- Negligence by impeding good deeds
- 釈衆を損ずる失
- Negligence by losing the followers
- お先に失礼します
- pardon me for leaving (first) (used when leaving a workplace while others remain)
- Y染色体微小欠失
- Y-chromosome microdeletion
- 承和の変で失脚。
- He fell down in the Jowa Incident.
- - 明治に焼失。
- This temple was burnt down in the Meiji Period.
- 系図は失われた。
- The genealogy has been lost.
- 原本は失われた。
- The original text has been lost.
- 882年に焼失。
- It was burned down in 882.
- 釈尊を軽んずる失
- Negligence by not respecting Shaka
- 経宗・惟方の失脚
- Tsunemune and Korekata's fall from grace
- 天主・本丸の焼失
- Burnt down of castle tower and Honmaru
- どちらも失われた。
- Both records were lost.
- 『万国公法』への失望
- Disappointment in 'Bankoku Koho'
- これを紛失状と言う。
- They are called funshitsujo.
- 其の統ぶる所を失わず。
- He will never lose his power.
- 途中再び道を見失った。
- They lost their route again.
- 紛失状(ふんしつじょう)
- Funshitsujo (紛失状)
- 宝剣(天叢雲剣)は紛失。
- But the treasured Sword has been lost.
- これは堕胎の失敗という。
- This was due to a failed abortion according to the Masukagami.
- 安倍氏の勢力は失われた。
- The Abe clan lost its power.
- 戸主が日本国籍を失ったとき
- In the case of loss of Japanese citizenshi p of a family head.
- 安土城:本能寺の変後に焼失
- Azuchi-jo Castle: burned down after the Honnoji Incident.
- 高取城攻略を図るが失敗した。
- Their attempt to take Takatori castle failed.
- けぶりの後 - 法成寺焼失。
- After the Smoke: The burning of Hojo-ji Temple
- 自筆原本は失われて存在しない。
- The handwritten original was lost.
- 聚楽第:豊臣秀次失脚時に破棄。
- Jurakudai (聚楽第): Destroyed upon the downfall of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI.
- 落雷によって焼失したとする説。
- Furthermore, there is a theory that the castle was burnt down due to a lightning strike.
- 1790年、左眼の視力を失った。
- In 1790, he lost sight in his left eye.
- 自堕落(ふしだら者の犯す失敗談)
- Self-indulgence (a story of failure made by a lecher)
- 上戸(酒飲みの珍談・奇談・失敗談)
- A drinker (the funny and strange story of a drinker and his failures)
- 国宝級文物の破損・流失と日本古美術商
- The destruction and outflow of national cultural treasures, and the Japanese antique trade.
- 1923年- 8月17日、同盟失効。
- 1923: The alliance lapsed on August 17.
- 長保2年(1000年) - 西塔焼失
- 1000-The west tower was lost due to fire.
- 島田も金沢で挙兵計画に奔走するが失敗。
- Shimada became busily engaged in the plan to raise an army at Kanazawa but he failed.
- 京を制圧した義仲だが、統治に失敗した。
- Although Yoshinaka controlled Kyoto City, he failed to govern.
- 大氷雨を降らされ、命は失神してしまう。
- It caused a heavy violent hail storm and he fainted.
- 住宅や織物工場など家屋の97%が焼失。
- 97% of buildings including the textile factories were burned down in Mineyama-cho.
- これにより九鬼氏は鳥羽の地と水軍を失う。
- As a result of this, Kuki clan lost the territory in Toba and Suigun navy.
- 計画の中心者井上馨の失脚により挫折した。
- The plan was cancelled because the leader of the plan, Kaoru INOUE fell from power.
- まさに長篠の戦いは失敗の典型例といえる。
- The case of the Battle of Nagashima is a typical failure.
- 斉彬の急死で失脚し、奄美大島に流される。
- He lost his position due to the death of Nariakira, and travelled to Amami-oshima island.
- 焼失の原因についてはいくつかの説がある。
- There are some theories about the cause of fire.
- (2年後諸兄は失意のうちに75歳で死去)。
- (Moroe died with disappointment two years later at the age of 75.)
- その際歌などの本文の一部が失われたという。
- It is said that when he did so, part of the text such as poems were lost.
- 今日では亡失してしまい見ることはできない。
- Since this book no longer exists, there is no way to confirm its contents.
- この敗戦で、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わった。
- With this defeat, the expedition of KI no Kosami ended in failure.
- ただ広島市に落ちた原爆によって焼失している。
- However, it burnt to ash during the atomic bombing in Hiroshima City.
- さらに上杉家や北条家との外交の失敗もあった。
- It also failed in the diplomatic negotiations with the families of Uesugi and Hojo.
- 第一の雲隠の帖において源氏の出家失踪を語る。
- In its first chapter Kumogakure, the story of Genji's becoming a Buddhist priest and going missing are told.
- 後に大隈は明治14年の政変で失脚してしまう。
- Later, Okuma lost his position due to the political turmoil in 1881.
- この頃、守護代の地位を失ったものと思われる。
- It is possible that the Bicchu Ueno clan was dismissed as Shugodai around this time.
- しかし朝鮮知識人たちの希望はすぐ失望に変わる。
- However hope of intellectuals in Korea turned suddenly to disappointment.
- 似合うたのぞみ(たかのぞみは失敗するという話)
- A hope suitable to his position (a story of a sunken high hope)
- 古田武彦の『失われた九州王朝』で再評価された。
- It was re-evaluated in 'Ushinawareta Kyushu ocho' (A lost Kyushu dynasty) written by Takehiko FURUTA.
- 江戸末期の火災で寺が焼失し、お堂だけが残った。
- The fire destroyed the temple in the end of Edo period, only leaving the main hall.
- 謀反の密告により左大臣源高明が失脚させられた。
- Sadaijin (minister of the left) MINAMOTO no Takaakira was ousted based upon a tip-off that he committed treason.
- あくまで焼失したのは、天主、本丸などであった。
- However, the burnt down structures were limited to the castle tower, Honmaru and so on.
- 元が遠征に失敗した国は日本以外にも多数存在する。
- There existed many other countries than Japan where Mongolian expedition resulted in failure.
- 木を失い土壌を喪失した土地は次々と崩れていった。
- The lands, which had lost trees and became poor, disappeared by landslides one after another.
- いわゆる関税自主権の喪失を決定づけた一文である。
- This sentence determined the loss of tariff autonomy.
- また、義稙の暗殺を謀ったりもしたが失敗している。
- He also plotted an assasination of Yoshitane, but he failed.
- 三岡失脚後は大隈が幣制改革を主導することになる。
- After the downfall of Mioka, OKUMA led the currency system reform.
- 廃忘(失敗するとあわてるという話、蒙昧すること)
- Being upset (a story of being upset due to failure or forgetting)
- 祝い過ぎるも異なること(縁起の担ぎすぎの失敗談)
- It is strange to celebrate too much (a story of failure by believing too strongly in omens)
- 全21巻だが第6巻・第21巻は亡失し現存しない。
- In all, the work was in 21 volumes, but Vol. 6 and Vol. 21 were lost and are nonexistent today.
- しかし、律令制はこの時期にほぼ実態を失ってしまう。
- However, the Ritsuryo system would lose most of its effectiveness during the period.
- 当初は全巻揃っていたが、神代巻2巻は再度失われた。
- At first, there were full volumes, but the two volumes of jindai (the age of the gods) were lost again.
- また義仲は京都の治安回復にも失敗したとも言われる。
- It is also said that Yoshinaka failed to restore order in Kyoto.
- 室町時代は、災害によっていくつかの堂宇が失われた。
- During the Muromachi period, some of the temple buildings were destroyed due to disasters.
- このように、紀古佐美の遠征は失敗に終わったという。
- Thus, the expedition of KI no Kosami is now understood to have resulted in failure.
- 出雲神社—本梅町井手ー明智光秀により焼失の経緯あり
- Izumo-jinja Shrine (Ide, Honme-cho): Once burned down by Mitsuhide AKECHI..
- 南朝は北畠親房ら指導的人物を失って弱体化していた。
- The Southern Court was losing its power with the loss of leaders such as Chikafusa KITABATAKE.
- 同7年(1196年)父兼実の失脚により内裏を退出。
- In 1196, she left Dairi (the Imperial Palace) due to her father Kanezane's downfall.
- 1608年に江戸浅草の石浜で失意のうちに病死する。
- In 1608, he died of illness in hopelessness in Ishihama, Asakusa, Edo.
- 天主台下から焼失建物とともに多数の遺物を発見する。
- In 1998, a lot of relics were discovered along with burnt down structures from the foot of the mound on which the castle was constructed.
- 更に河朔三鎮をも討たんとするがこれは失敗に終わる。
- Furthermore, he tried to suppress Kasaku Sanchin also, but this attempt ended in a failure.
- これによって政友会は倒閣運動における主導権を失った。
- Thereby the Seiyukai Party lost its leadership in the campaign to oust the KIYOURA cabinet.
- 勅使御馳走役となった主君浅野内匠頭の補佐に失敗する。
- He failed to support his lord Asano Takumi no Kami, who had become the Imperial envoy in charge of entertainment.
- 他に吉川家旧蔵本が存在したが、震災で焼失したという。
- In addition, it is said that the Kikkawa family used to own a manuscript copy but that it was lost in an earthquake-related fire.
- 52巻25冊が現存したが関東大震災で焼失したという。
- 25 volumes consisting of 52 Book was existent, but they were burnt in the Great Kanto Earthquake.
- 後ろ盾を失った広平親王は政界では蚊帳の外に置かれた。
- Imperial Prince Hirohira lost his support and was left out of the political world.
- 飯田城放棄を聞いた武田信廉(信玄の弟)らは戦意喪失。
- Nobukado TAKEDA (Shingen's brother) and others who knew about the abandonment of Iida-jo Castle lost the will to fight.
- - 四天王寺など失われた寺院建築の復元的考察を行った。
- - Conducted restoration studies on the architecture of lost temples including Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 指導者を失ったことで、他の者も退却し、多くが自刃した。
- Having lost their leaders, other members retreated and many of them committed suicide.
- 決死隊はなすところなく退却して、高取城攻撃は失敗した。
- The death squad retreated as it knew no way to recover and the attack on Takatori-jo Castle failed.
- 結局は源氏を政治的に抹殺できず、失意のままに他界する。
- However, she was ultimately unable to make Genji lose his political position, and died a disappointed person.
- 浮舟失踪後、薫の心を慰めるために彼に仕える事となった。
- After Ukifune's disappearance, she served Kaoru to console him.
- 退路を失った義朝は清盛の本拠六波羅への総攻撃を決める。
- With his escape route blocked, Yoshitomo decided to mount a full-scale attack on Kiyomori's home ground Rokuhara.
- 薫が八の宮の姫君達と出会い、想いを寄せていた大君を失う
- Kaoru met Hachi no Miya's princesses, and lost Oigimi who he had fallen in love with.
- しかしながら、それに先立って失われた部分は小さくない。
- However, many parts of the road were damaged before the registration.
- 昭和46年に建物が焼失したが、昭和56年に再建された。
- Although the building was destroyed by fire in 1971, it was reconstructed in 1981.
- 10世紀後半以降、平安宮内裏はしばしば火事で焼失した。
- After the late 10th century, the dairi in Heian-kyu palace was often burned down.
- しかし李舜臣の業績はその後の政争などもあって失われた。
- But Yi's achievements were lost for some reason including political feuding.
- 大宰府へ赴任した直後に妻の大伴郎女(いらつめ)を失った。
- Right after he went to Dazai-fu, he lost his wife Iratsume.
- 両親を失った心細さから、源氏の申し出を受け明石に赴いた。
- Due to her loneliness after losing her parents, she accepted Genji's offer and went to Akashi.
- 承平 (日本)4年(934年) - 西塔が落雷罹災、焼失
- 934-The west tower was destroyed by fire caused by a strike of lightning.
- 垂仁天皇5年に妹の狭穂姫命に天皇暗殺を試みさせるが失敗。
- In the fifth year of Emperor Suinin's reign, he incited his younger sister Sahohime no mikoto to assassinate the Emperor, who was her husband, however, his attempt was failed.
- 城と領地は没収となり、多くの家臣は禄を失って浪人となる。
- Castles and lands were confiscated, and so many vassals could no longer receive a stipend and became ronin (masterless samurai).
- 条約改正交渉に失敗して倒れた黒田内閣の後を受けて成立した。
- This Cabinet was established after the KURODA Cabinet, which was fallen due to failure in negotiation for treaty revision.
- 天武天皇の曾孫の氷上川継が謀反を企てるが露見して失敗した。
- HIKAMI no Kawatsugu, the great-grandchild of Emperor Tenmu, planned the rebellion, however, the plan was exposed and failed.
- その為、失業した浪人が発生し、治安が悪化し戦乱を待望した。
- Consequently, many samurai who lost their job became ronin (masterless samurai), causing social disorders bringing a sense of expectation of wars.
- これによって本福寺は代々の財産も門徒も悉く失ってしまった。
- As a result of this, Honpuku-ji Temple lost all the property and all the followers inherited for generations.
- ところが、ヨーロッパでの生糸相場の暴落にあって投機は失敗。
- However, his investment ended in failure since the market price of silk in Europe plunged.
- 締結までの間に伊藤博文が日露協商交渉を実施しているが失敗。
- Before the conclusion of the alliance, Hirobumi ITO had conducted negotiations on the Russo-Japanese entente, but it resulted in failure.
- この戦いで一門の多くを失った平氏は致命的な大打撃をうける。
- During this battle, the Taira clan lost many members of the clan family which had a result of fatally damaging the Taira clan.
- 実行性が喪失していった過程として、以下の事項があげられる。
- As a process how the regulation gradually lost its effectiveness, the following matters are conceivable.
- 一部は消失しているが、原本は宮内庁書陵部に所蔵されている。
- Its original book is possessed by the Imperial Household Archives, except for parts of the book that are missing.
- 人違いに気づくも時すでに遅く、浮舟は重大な過失におののく。
- Although Ukifune realized it was someone else, it was too late and she shuddered at her serious mistake.
- 言い損ないはなおらぬ(失言を何とか取り繕うとするおかしさ)
- You can't stop a slip of the tongue (a funny story of a man who tries to retract his inappropriate statements)
- 悪臭のする魚を出して家康の接待役を解任されて面目を失った。
- He served ill-smelling fish and lost his face by being dismissed from the position of marshal for Ieyasu.
- 大坂城:大坂の陣で焼失、現在の遺構は江戸時代に造られたもの
- Osaka-jo Castle: Burned in the Siege of Osaka; the existing ruins date to the Edo period
- 弥勒磨崖仏 元弘の変で焼失し、現在は舟形光背の輪郭が残る。
- Maitreya Magaibutsu was lost in the Genko no hen, the Genko Incident; at present, the outline of boat-shaped halo remains.
- そして天正5年(1577年)に失意のうちに死亡したという。
- He is said to have died in 1577 in frustration.
- 有間皇子の変に際して、蘇我赤兄は天皇の3つの失政を挙げた。
- Upon the uprising of Prince Arima, SOGA no Akae raised the following three instances of misadministration by the Empress:
- 逃げ場を失った皇子は、五十狭茅宿禰とともに淀川に投身した。
- After Imperial Prince Oshikuma had lost his escape route, he jumped into Yodo-gawa River along with Isachi no Sukune.
- 忠邦以降、改革失敗の責任をとらされて出羽山形に転封となる。
- After the time of Tadakuni, their territory was changed to Yamagata, Dewa Province, for having failed in the reforms.
- その実権を娘婿の松永久秀に譲渡してしまうという失敗を犯した。
- Then he made a terrible mistake of letting adopted son-in-law Hisahide MATSUNAGA to have the power to govern.
- 近年でも火事で焼失しており、火災対策は重要事項となっている。
- Some houses have been destroyed by fire in recent years and fire prevention is an urgent matter.
- 失脚の前兆として護良派の赤松則村の勢力の著しい削減があった。
- The force of Norimura AKAMATSU from Morinaga party was substantially reduced before Morinaga's downfall, which was considered as a sign of his downfall.
- (上総の土岐氏も秀吉の小田原の陣に際し領地を失い滅亡した)。
- (The Toki clan in Kazusa Province also lost its territories at Odawara no Jin, the Siege of Odawara, by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and was ruined).
- 第十皇子の源高明は左大臣となったが後に安和の変にて失脚した。
- His tenth prince MINAMOTO no Takaakira became Sadaijin, but fell from power in the Anwa incident.
- しかし、この制度は地域の特性を余りにも無視したため、失敗した。
- This system, however, ended in failure because it neglected regional characteristics to an inappropriate extent.
- しかし、この小隊も植木で官軍と遭遇し、小倉電撃作戦は失敗した。
- However the platoon encountered the government army in Ueki and the Kokura blitz plan was failed.
- 1873年1月には徴兵制の施行により家禄支給の根拠が消失する。
- In January, 1873, a conscription system was enforced, and due to this new system, necessity of the stipend system was gone.
- 源氏が都を追われ、後見を失った末摘花の生活は困窮を極めていた。
- Genji was driven away from the capital, and Suetsumuhana, having lost her guardian, was left destitute.
- また若い頃に書いた「うたたね」は失恋の顛末を記した日記である。
- Also, 'Utatane' (Fitful Slumbers) that she wrote in her youth is a diary noting details of her broken heart.
- 続いて安和の変で失脚した左大臣・源高明の娘・源明子も妻とした。
- Subsequently, he took MINAMOTO no Meishi as a wife, who was a daughter of Sadaijin, MINAMOTO no Takaaki, who failed at Anwa Incident.
- 当時、平家方は内陸の拠点を失い、弓箭の補給もままならなかった。
- At that time, after having lost its inland base, the Taira family side was suffering from the shortage of arrows and other supplies.
- しかしながら、途中山口市で萩藩の役人に押し止められ、失敗した。
- However, the attempt failed because their movements were stopped in Yamaguchi City en route to Hagi by officers at the Hagi domain.
- この後本拠を失った本願寺勢力は大阪(石山本願寺)に移っている。
- The Hongwan-ji Temple sect lost its headquarters and moved to Osaka (Ishiyama Hongwan-ji Temple).
- 源信を失脚させて空席になった左大臣に右大臣の藤原良相がなった。
- That would make the Sadaijin position vacant so that Udaijin FUJIWARA no Yoshimi could fill the role.
- - 東国の朝集使に対し,国司の失政を咎め,訓戒する詔を発した。
- - He issued a decree to the Choshushi (clerks conveying public documents under the 'Ritsuryo' system) to condemn and admonish the misadministration of the Kokushi.
- 安禄山は自らの地位を失う恐怖から755年、ついに乱を起こした。
- Out of fear of losing his status, Lushan AN finally started a rebellion in 755.
- また代宗の強硬姿勢を見た他藩鎮は自らの地位を失うことを恐れた。
- In addition, rest of the hanchin who saw Daizong's unyielding attitude became afraid of losing their own positions.
- 慶喜は先手を打って大政を奉還することで、討幕の名分を失わせた。
- Yoshinobu outwitted them and voluntarily carried out Taisei Hokan, and thus removed a good cause for attacking the shogunate.
- 結局、長州藩は武力衝突を避けて撤退、攘夷派公卿は都落ちして失脚。
- In the end Choshu Domain avoided collision by force of arms and withdrew; the Joi ha group court nobles left Kyoto and lost their position.
- 水野忠邦失脚後の政局は土井利位、ついで阿部正弘が担うことになる。
- After Tadakuni MIZUNO lost his position, it was Toshitsura DOI, and then Masahiro ABE, who shouldered politics of the Edo bakufu.
- 主に土地関係の権利書で、紛失した場合、その由来を書いて上申する。
- Mainly for deeds related to lands; when a deed was lost, a person wrote down the source of his or her right, and petitioned his or her superior about it.
- それが急速に発達し、権威を失った官印に取って代わることになった。
- Kao developed rapidly and took the place of kanin which had lost authority.
- これにより、日本国内での九州王朝の権威は失墜し、衰退に向かった。
- Thus, the dignity of the Kyushu dynasty in Japan was lost, and fell into decline.
- 1600年 伏見城、関ヶ原の戦いのさいに西軍の攻撃を受けて焼失。
- 1600: Fushimi-jo Castle was attacked and burnt down by Seigun (the western power group) in 'Sekigahara no tatakai' (the Battle of Sekigahara)
- また万里小路藤房のように政権に失望して出家してしまう者も現れた。
- There were also some, like Fujifusa MADENOKOJI, who despaired of the administration and chose to take the tonsure.
- 政治的意義を失った真人姓の氏族は、次第に政界から姿を消していった。
- Mahito clans who lost political value gradually disappeared from the political world.
- 失意の中、孝徳天皇は白雉5年(654年)の10月10日に崩御した。
- Feeling hopeless, Emperor Kotoku died on November 27, 654.
- 桐壺の巻のあとにかつて存在したが失われてしまったとされる巻の名前。
- It is the title of a chapter that is thought to have existed once and had been placed next to Kiritsubo, but was later lost.
- 結果家斉の機嫌を損ね、事件後に松平定信が失脚、辞職する遠因となる。
- As a result, Ienari was offended, and Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA was ousted after the incident and so became the remote cause of a resignation.
- 天正10年の焼失以前に一度天主が倒壊したとの説も近年出されている。
- On the other hand, a new theory has been formed in recent years that the castle tower had once collapsed before it was burnt down in 1582.
- 藩は県となって知藩事(旧藩主)は失職し、東京への移住が命じられた。
- Domains became prefectures, and chihanji (former lords) lost their jobs and were ordered to move to Tokyo.
- 大石内蔵助の上杉の追撃をかわす策が成功したため追跡には失敗している。
- They failed to chase the group due to Kuranosuke OISHI's plan to avoid the Uesugi's running battle.
- 公卿の邸宅だけでも十六軒、一般家屋に至っては都の三分の一が焼失した。
- 16 residences of the court nobles were burned down, and one-third of the houses of common people in the capital were destroyed by fire.
- また全国でも88万余町で100万町歩に満たず、結果的に失敗となった。
- The nationwide tally fell short of the million hectares, reaching only 880,000 hectares, and the plan was ultimately a failure.
- 町長職務執行者:津田雅司(旧上中町長)※町長の任期開始とともに失職。
- Executor of mayoral duties: Masashi TSUDA (former Kaminaka-cho town mayor) * Out of work as of the start of the mayoral term.
- - 1900年(明治33年)設置、1930年廃止、静岡大空襲で焼失。
- It was established in 1900, abolished in 1930, and destroyed by fire due to Shizuoka great air raid.
- この遠征の失敗により義隆は政務を放棄し、文芸や遊興に耽るようになる。
- Owing to the failure of this expedition, Yoshitaka gave up the government affairs and came to indulge in literature and pleasure.
- まともな戦闘能力を失った大内義長は内藤隆世の守る長門国且山城に逃亡。
- Yoshinaga OUCHI, who had lost decent fighting capability, fled into Katsuyama-jo Castle in Nagato Province which was protected by Takayo NAITO.
- この報告に問題があった場合には京都メカニズムへの参加資格を喪失する。
- If there is a serious problem in the report, the country will lose the qualification to join the Kyoto Mechanisms.
- 1945年、戦災で大審院と司法省の屋根・内部が焼失した(戦後に修復)。
- The roofs and interiors of the buildings of the Predecessors of the Supreme Court of Japan and the Ministry of Justice were burned due to the war-damage in 1945 (they were repaired after the war).
- 1897年(明治30年)の師範教育令により、師範学校令は効力を失った。
- The normal school order was terminated after the education order was enacted in 1897.
- 沼の独占利権を失い、漁業を糧としてきた長沼村民は困窮に陥る事になった。
- Forfeiting the exclusive concession of the marsh, people in Naganuma village who had relied on fishery fell into poverty.
- 落窪を虐待し、四の君を右近の少将に嫁がせようとするが、すべて失敗する。
- She ill-treated Ochikubo and tried in vain to make Yon no Kimi (fourth daughter) marry Ukon no Shosho.
- 出生前に父を失っており、6歳の時に母も失い次兄の喜六夫妻に育てられる。
- He lost his father before he was born and his mother at the age of 6, and he was brought up by his second oldest brother, Kiroku and Kiroku's wife.
- この事件の際に道長は天皇失踪のことを関白頼忠に報告する役割を果たした。
- Upon this incident, Michinaga served in the role of reporting to Kanpaku Yoritada that the Emperor was missing.
- 一般民衆で漢字が浸透していないため自分達の歴史を感じる文化が失われた。
- Consequently, Chinese characters became unfamiliar to common people and the culture through which they could know their history was lost.
- するとカムヤマトイワレビコを始め兵士たちは皆気を失って倒れてしまった。
- Then, Kamuyamatoiwarebiko and his army fainted.
- 豊雄が袈裟をはずしてみると、そこには富子と三尺の大蛇が気を失っていた。
- When Toyoo lifts the stole, Tomiko and a three-foot serpent are there, unconscious.
- 阿波重能は平氏軍の唐船の計略を義経に告げて知盛の作戦は失敗してしまう。
- Shigenori AWA had already revealed the ruse of the Taira's Chinese flagship to Yoshitsune, while led to the failure of Tomomori's strategy.
- 中宮寺に伝わっていたが、大部分が失われ、現在では残片が残るのみである。
- The Tenjukoku Mandara Shucho had been preserved in Chugu-ji Temple, but there are only fragments of the embroidery remaining today, with most of them being lost.
- 7月14日 (旧暦)には廃藩置県が行われ、知藩事としての地位も失った。
- On August 29, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was executed, and Shoko kazoku lost the position of Chihanji (provincial governor).
- 馬廻り 10名前後、雑兵 300名を失うという大敗をして、兵を退いた。
- His horse guards by the number of around ten and common soldiers by the number of around 300 were killed before he withdrew his army.
- 将門軍は士気喪失して退却、勝ちに乗じた良兼軍は豊田に侵入して火を放った。
- Masakado's army retreated due to a loss of morale and, taking advantage of this opportunity, Yoshikane invaded Toyoda and set fire there.
- 高田の脱盟は江戸急進派の顔を失わせる結果となり、その発言力を弱めさせた。
- Their loss of Takata brought shame to the Edo radicals and weakened their influence.
- こうして看板スターを相次いで失った大映の映画館は空席が目立つようになる。
- With top stars leaving the company in rapid succession, Daiei began to lose its movie-going fan base.
- だが、大宰府は平安時代になると機能が消失したわけではないものの衰微する。
- However, although the function of Dazaifu did not disappear, the trade decreased drastically.
- 合戦に大勝した鎌倉政権軍も戦略目標である三種の神器奪還には失敗している。
- The Kamakura side had gained a great battle victory but failed to gain the target of the mission which was the recovery of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family.
- また、自邸の三条宮が焼失した後始末などで、薫も久しく宇治を訪ねていない。
- Meanwhile, Kaoru's residence, Sanjo no Miya was burnt down, so he gets busy taking care of the aftermath, and has not visited Uji for a long time.
- 京都では忠臣であった景時を死なせたことは、頼家の大失策であると評された。
- In Kyoto, Yoriie was criticized for the death of a loyal subject like Kagetoki, and this was seen as his greatest failure.
- このクーデタは袁世凱が指揮する清国の軍隊による武力介入で失敗に終わった。
- This coup ended in a failure due to a military intervention of Qing's army led by YUAN Shikai.
- 前述のようにタイノ原線の建設により尾根上の古道はほぼ完全に失われている。
- As explained above, the old road on the ridge was lost almost completely by the construction of the Forestry Road Tainohara Route.
- 仙洞御所(上皇の御所として造営されたが、焼失して現在は庭園と茶室のみ。)
- Sento Gosho (the Gosho was originally built for the retired emperors, but it was burned down, and its garden and tea room only remain today.)
- 秩父氏は武蔵平一揆の乱で力を失い、武蔵国の実権は関東管領上杉氏が握った。
- The Chichibu clan lost its power in the Musashi Hei Ikki no Ran (Musashi Hei Riot Rebellion (武蔵平一揆の乱)), and the Uesugi clan of Kanto Kanrei (a position to support the chief of Kamakura-fu) took over Musashi Province.
- この戦いで平氏は多くの有能な武将を失い、後の戦いに大きな影響を及ぼした。
- The Taira clan lost many distinguished warriors in this battle and this adversely affected later battles.
- また、道鏡は失脚して下野国に配流され、彼女が禁じた墾田私有は再開された。
- Dokyo fell from the power and was expelled to Shimotsuke Province, and the private ownership of newly cultivated land, which Empress Shotoku had prohibited, was resumed.
- 日本軍は3月10日に奉天を占領したが、またもロシア軍の撃破には失敗した。
- The Japanese army occupied Fengtian on March 10th; however, it failed to inflict a decisive blow on the Russian Army.
- 元亀4年/天正元年(1573年)に信長は再度長島を攻めたがまたも失敗した。
- In 1573, Nobunaga attacked Nagashima again but in vain, too.
- 予算の面では世界のトップクラスの海軍であるが、攻撃的な役割の多くは失った。
- In terms of budget, it is one of the top navies in the world; however, it is denied of many offensive roles.
- 失敗の責任が問われ、家老や銀札奉行などが切腹や蟄居など重い処分が下された。
- Some people such as the karo (chief retainer) and the ginsatsu bugyo (commissioner of the ginsatsu) were held accountable for the failure and were sentenced to seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) or chikkyo (being confined to home).
- しかしながら、雨が降り進退の自由を失い、あと一歩のところで兵を引き揚げた。
- However, becoming unable to move freely due to the rain that started falling, the Satsuma army withdrew although it was almost win.
- 一方東日本では、条里地割の多くは河川の氾濫によって失われたり変形していた。
- In east Japan, on the other hand, many jori chiwari had been lost or deformed due to floods.
- この表現方法は明治期の西洋化で失われたが、古典ではよく見られた形式である。
- These methods of expression have been often seen in classical literature, though it was lost due to the Westernization influence during the Meiji period.
- 明和_(日本)9年の大火で評定所が焼失した時に恩赦に関する資料が失われた。
- In 1772 the conference chamber (hyojosho) burned down in The Great Fire of Meiwa and all the documents on pardon were lost.
- 加えて、いくつかの区間では国道や林道の建設によって古くからの姿が失われた。
- In addition, at some sections, the old sceneries disappeared as national roads and forestry roads were built.
- 1573年 足利義昭、宇治の槙島城にて挙兵するも失敗、織田信長に追放される
- 1573: Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA attempted to raise an army in Makishima-jo Castle in Uji, but failed; he was expelled by Nobunaga ODA.
- 明治宮殿が焼失してから今の宮殿が建設されるまでの間仮宮殿として用いられた。
- It was used as a temporal palace until the present palace was built after the Meiji Kyuden Imperial Palace was destroyed in a fire.
- この皇子が生後間もなく東宮とされ、俊房は失脚、その後は失意の生涯を送った。
- This son was appointed as Crown Prince soon after he was born, after that Toshifusa lost his position and had lived in despair since then.
- しかし、佐々木道誉の讒言により失脚し(康安の政変)、南朝方に属して滅んだ。
- However he was overthrown by a slander of Doyo SASAKI (the Koan Coup), and was eliminated after sided with the Southern Court.
- 二の丸遺構は開発により失われたが、本丸から出丸にかけて堀および石垣が残る。
- The Structural remnants of the Ninomaru were lost in the development-related construction, but the Hori (moat) and stonewalls, continuing from the Honmaru to the Demaru, still remain.
- 実際に、日本の裁判所で日本政府に対する損失補填を求める民事訴訟が起こされた。
- In fact, some of them instituted a civil suit in a court in Japan, demanding individual compensation from the Japanese government.
- 旧相馬中村藩主、相馬誠胤(そうまともたね)の統合失調症(推定)の症状が悪化。
- Tomotane SOMA, the former lord of the Soma-Nakaura Domain, was suffering mental disorder, reputedly schizophrenic, and the condition got worse.
- 孫の北条煕時はかろうじて難を逃れたが、葛西ヶ谷の時村亭一帯は出火により消失。
- Tokimura's grandson Hirotoki HOJO managed to escape the disaster, but the area including Tokimura's residence in Kasaigayatsu was burnt down.
- 途中、田中愿蔵が別働隊を組織して栃木、真鍋などに送り、資金調達を図るも失敗。
- On their way, Genzo TANAKA organized other groups of army and sent them to Tochigi and Manabe with the aim of raising funds but resulted in vain.
- 結果、日露協商交渉は失敗し、外相小村寿太郎の交渉により日英同盟が締結された。
- Finally, negotiations on the Russo-Japanese entente broke down, and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was concluded after negotiations by the foreign minister Jutaro KOMURA.
- しかしながら、少数精鋭であり、かつ機動力に長ける西郷軍の前に失敗に終わった。
- However, this strategy failed, because the members of the Saigo's forces were their best soldiers and superior in mobility, though the number was small.
- しかし、信頼できる補佐役を失った三好氏はまもなく内紛に悩まされるようになる。
- However, the Miyoshi clan, which lost faithful assistants in the battle, came to suffer from internal conflicts.
- これに対して高国は波多野討伐を実行したが、内藤国貞らの反抗もあって失敗する。
- In response to this, Takakuni tried to suppress Hatano but failed due to disobedience by Kunisada NAITO.
- 今は失われた五重塔の初層に安置されていたと思われるもので、奈良時代末期の作。
- They are believed to have been enshrined in the first story of the lost five-story pagoda and they were made in the late Nara period.
- そうした中の同年閏2月に、平清盛が熱病で没して平氏政権は強力な指導者を失う。
- In February of the same year (a leap year), TAIRA no Kiyomori died from a fever and the Taira clan government lost its strong leader.
- それが原因となって允恭天皇が崩御した後に木梨軽皇子は失脚、伊予へ流刑となる。
- As a result, Kinashi no karu no miko was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo, and was deported to Iyo Province.
- 王妃は以下のいずれかを満たした場合、皇族の身分を離れ王妃としての地位を失う。
- An empress leaves the status of the Imperial Family member and loses the position as an empress upon the fulfills of any of these followings:
- 南北朝時代 の戦火によって、多くの建物が焼失し、その後急速に荒廃していった。
- However, with the fires from battle and conflicts between the southern and the northern courts, many buildings were burnt down and after that Toba rapidly came to ruin.
- 続いてその父親の左大臣藤原顕光(関白藤原兼通の長男)も失意のうちに病死した。
- Subsequently, FUJIWARA no Akimitsu, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), her father (the eldest son of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the emperor), FUJIWARA no Kanemichi) died from disease in despair and hopelessness.
- 幕府の執政となった高経・義将親子であったが佐々木道誉の策謀により一時は失脚。
- Although Takatsune and Yoshimasa, the father and son, became the administrator of Bakufu, they lost their positions at one point due to a conspiracy hatched by Doyo SASAKI.
- この、一族を多く失った「遠州錯乱」時期に、直盛の娘の井伊直虎が家督を継いだ。
- During the period of 'Onshu Sakuran (Disturbance),' when the Ii clan lost many of their families, Naotora II who was the daughter of Naomori became a successor.
- それらとの戦いのなか、久米田の戦い(現在の岸和田市)で弟の三好義賢を失った。
- With the struggle with them, Nagayoshi lost his brother Yoshikata MIYOSHI in the battle of Kumeda (present Kishiwada City).
- 当初萩原兼従は豊国神社 (京都市)の社務職となるが、豊臣家の滅亡により失職。
- At the beginning, Kaneyori HAGIWARA became a clerical worker of Toyokuni-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City), but he lost his job because of demise of the Toyotomi family.
- 特に網野町、峰山町、野田川町では大火となり、合わせて8,287戸が焼失した。
- The large-scale fires spread especially in Amino-cho, Mineyama-cho and Nodagawa-cho, and 8,287 households in total were burned down.
- 標符はあまりにも急進的な試みであったため、2年足らずで廃止、乳井貢も失脚した。
- Because introducing hyofu was too radical, it was abolished less than two years later and as a result, Mitsugi NYUI lost his position.
- 鎌倉時代以降は、関東で竪穴状遺構として一部名残をのこすものの全面的に消失する。
- In the Kamakura period and later, the tateana pit-type dwelling disappeared in the Kanto region, except in parts as relics.
- 二月に女三宮が六条院に降嫁したが、女三宮のあまりの幼さに源氏は失望してしまう。
- In February, Onna Sannomiya is married and moves to the Rokujo-in Palace, but Genji is disappointed with her extreme childishness.
- 事実を知った源氏に宴席で皮肉を言われた柏木は恐怖のあまり自失、死の床についた。
- Genji, who had found the truth, talked cynically to Kashiwagi, and he was petrified and was on his deathbed.
- 父が殺されたため、京へ戻って平清盛の暗殺を図るが失敗し、捕えられて斬首された。
- When his father was killed, he returned to Kyoto for assassination attempt on TAIRA no Kiyomori; After the failure, he was arrested and decapitated.
- 初代川柳没後は、前句附興行から選句集「柳多留」への二重選考システムが失われた。
- After the first Senryu passed away, the double screening system, where poems were screened at maekuzuke (a verse-writing game) contests and then when publishing the poetry collection 'Yanagidaru', was lost.
- しかし、承久の乱以後に熊野別当家が衰退し、熊野地方の諸勢力への統制力を失った。
- However, after the Jokyu War, Kumano betto family's power had declined and they lost control over the competing powers in the Kumano region.
- 前後して野迫川村内にも自動車道が通じると、生活道路としての役目はほぼ失われた。
- At almost the same time, the motor road was extended to Nosegawa Village, then, the role of Kohechi as a community road ended.
- 足利直義は尊氏の意向を受けて細川顕氏らを派遣してこれを討とうとするも失敗する。
- Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA accepted Takauji's request to send Akiuji HOSOKAWA to attack the Southern Court forces, but it ended in failure.
- だが、泰重が失った信頼が回復できずに土御門家_(安倍氏)は不遇の時代を迎える。
- However, Shigenori could not regain his credibility, and thus, the TSUCHIMIKADO family (the ABE clan) fell on hard times.
- この時には、興福寺の僧徒から、法然教団に対して、九箇条の過失が突きつけられた。
- On this occasion, the monks of Kofuku-ji Temple sent 'The Nine Articles of Religious Negligence' to the Honen order.
- また、クーデター派により、出家をしたことで、蘇我氏の戦意喪失を図った説もある。
- Another theory says that the coups intended to take the will from the Soga clan to fight back by letting him become a priest.
- が、武内宿禰の策略によって弓・刀を失い、逃走した果て逢坂にて敗れた(『書紀』。
- However, Imperial Prince Oshikuma lost his bow and sword through the tactics of Takenouchi no Sukune, then ran away, and was finally defeated at Osaka. (In the 'Shoki'(Chronicles).
- 敦明親王は皇位継承権を失い、小一条院の尊号を受け、太上天皇に次ぐ扱いを受ける。
- Imperial Prince Atsuakira who lost the right of succession to the Imperial Throne received the honorary title, Koichijoin, and was treated next to the Daijo-Tenno (the retired emperor).
- 天保の改革が失敗に終わったことにより、幕府は財政・体制ともに壊滅的危機を迎える。
- Failure of Tenpo Reforms drove the Edo bakufu on the verge of collapse in both finance and regime itself.
- 多くの優秀な将兵を失った武田家は、勝頼の下で再編成を強いられるがこれに失敗した。
- The Takeda family who had lost many excellent officers and soldiers was forced to reorganize itself under Katsuyori but they failed.
- 愛する妻を失ったイザナギはその怒りから、迦具土(加具土)神を十束剣で切り殺した。
- Out of fury at losing his beloved wife, Izanagi killed Kagutsuchi no kami with a Totsuka no Tsurugi sword.
- 愛する妻を失ったイザナギはその怒りから、迦具土(加具土)神を十拳剣で切り殺した。
- Having lost his beloved wife and full of rage, Izanagi slew Kagutsuchi no kami (written in 迦具土 or 加具土 in Chinese characters) with Totsuka no Tsurugi (literally, 'the ten-hands-long sword').
- これにより、二条摂政や久邇宮朝彦親王ら親幕府的な公卿は発言権を失うことになった。
- This led to the deprivation of voices from Sessho Nijo, Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko and other pro-bakufu court nobles.
- ちょうどこのころは、大和朝廷が任那からの影響力を失い、新羅が任那を圧迫していた。
- Around this time Yamato Dynasty was losing its clout on Miman, and Silla was giving pressure against Mimana.
- 焼失した平安宮内裏はその都度再建されたが、次第に再建に歳月を要するようになった。
- Whenever the dairi in Heian-kyu palace was burned down, it was reconstructed; but it took a progressively longer time for each reconstruction.
- しかし、応仁の乱によって官務の権威の源泉とも言える官文庫とその古文書を喪失した。
- As a result of the Onin War, however, he lost the Omiya family library, which contained a number of ancient documents and was effectively the source of his authority as a government official.
- 焼失した東大寺の大仏と大仏殿、興福寺の堂宇や仏像はただちに再建計画が進められた。
- Immediately after the incident, the reconstruction project was launched for the Great Buddha and its hall of Todai-ji Temple, and for the temple buildings and Buddhist statues of Kofuku-ji Temple.
- 頃に、落雷により本丸が焼失したと、ルイス・フロイスが著書『日本史』に記している。
- Luis FROIS recorded in his book 'Nihonshi' (The History of Japan) that Honmaru was burnt down due to a lightning strike around the year 1579.
- しかし、吉次峠部隊の被害は甚大で、駒井大尉をはじめ、この攻撃で多くの命が失われた。
- The Kichiji Pass force suffered a great deal of damage, instead, such that a lot of members including Captain KOMAI were killed in the attack.
- しかし女三宮や明石の御方のもとを訪れても、紫の上を失った悲しみが深まるだけだった。
- Though he visits Onna Sannomiya and Akashi no Onkata, his sorrow for losing Murasaki no ue only deepens.
- 薫を抱き上げた源氏はその容姿の美しさに柏木の面影を見て、さすがに怒りも失せ涙した。
- Genji, holding up Kaoru and seeing Kashiwagi in the baby's beauty, forgot his anger and cried.
- 新たな表現方法への移行も出来なかったこともあり、短歌は目標や思想を喪失していった。
- Tanka poetry lost its direction and ideals, partly due to the fact that poets could not find new methods of expression.
- 原文は全巻亡失しているが、『弘仁格抄』(後述)によってその篇目が知ることが出来る。
- Although the original volumes were all lost, the volume titles are listed in the 'Koninkyaku-sho' (Extracts of the Konin-Kyaku Code, listed below).
- 崇徳は如意山へと逃亡するが、気力を失い、ここまでしたがってきた為義たちとも別れる。
- Sutoku flees to Mt. Nyoisan, but he loses his energy there, parting from Tameyoshi and the others who had followed him until then.
- 景観の悪化や、貴重な照葉樹林の損失など、むしろ弊害が大きく批判の対象となっている。
- Adverse effects including devastation of scenery and loss of precious laurel forest are prominent and it is subject to criticism.
- 一つは、他の有力貴族を失脚させることで、藤原北家への対抗心を削ぐこと(他氏排斥)。
- First, reducing other powerful court nobles' resistance to the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan by undermining them politically (expulsion of other clans from the Imperial Court).
- また天武の孫である何人かの王が皇位を狙って挙兵したが、いずれも失敗におわっている。
- Several Princes, the grandsons of Emperor Tenmu, raised an army in vain to seize the imperial throne.
- が、この氏朝の代に豊臣秀吉の小田原攻めによる後北条氏の滅亡に遭い、庇護者を失った。
- However, the Gohojo clan fell at the invasion of Odawara by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI during the Ujitomo's period, and Ujitomo lost his patron.
- 源平合戦の際に同じ源氏で平家方の源季貞に攻められて大敗を喫し、一族の多くを失った。
- In the Genpei War, the clan lost many members because it was smashed by the attack of MINAMOTO no Suesada, who belonged to the Taira family despite assuming the name of the same Minamoto clan.
- 信雄と秀吉の講和により、家康も秀吉と戦うための大義名分を失いひとまず和議に応じた。
- Due to this treaty, Ieyasu no longer had any legitimate reason to fight against Hideyoshi and accepted a peace treaty.
- この戦で伊予における最大拠点を失った長宗我部氏はその後各地で敗戦し毛利軍に屈した。
- The Chosokabe clan, which lost its most important base in Iyo Province as a result of the battle, continued to suffer defeats in various places, and finally surrendered to the Mori army.
- この敗戦の後、良兼の勢力は衰え、天慶2年(939年)6月良兼は失意のうちに病没した。
- After being defeated, Yoshikane lost his strength and died with much regret in June 939.
- 天誅組の挙兵は失敗したが、この事件が明治維新の導火線になった点は高く評価されている。
- Tenchu-gumi's uprising failed, but the fact that this incident became a fuse of the Meiji Restoration has been highly evaluated.
- 孫文は中国で何度も革命を行おうとして失敗し、その度に無謀だと周囲から冷笑されていた。
- Each time Sun Yat-sen tried and failed to start a revolution in China, people around him sneered at his recklessness.
- 良蔵の妻の実家に保管されていた原本は、1873年(明治6年)に洪水で流され消失した。
- The original book stored in the house of Ryozo's wife's parents was washed away in a flood of 1873 and was lost.
- 入内計画にも失敗した内大臣は、雲居の雁と夕霧の結婚を許した(「少女」~「藤裏葉」)。
- After he failed to enter her into court, naidaijin allowed Kumoi no kari to marry Yugiri ('Shojo' (girl) to 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves)).
- 邦子内親王に仕えるが出仕中、10代で初恋の失恋のショックから出家を決意し尼となった。
- She was serving Imperial Princess Kuniko, but because of the shock of a broken heart from her first love in her teens, she decided to enter the nunhood and became a nun.
- なお、凡河内躬恒の図は当初のものが失われ、江戸時代・狩野探幽筆のものに代わっている。
- It should be noted that the original portrait of OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune was lost and substituted with the one by Tanyu KANO in the Edo Period.
- 気を失いかけた豊雄の前にまろやも姿を見せ、豊雄は恐ろしい思いをしてその夜を過ごした。
- Maroya too appears in front of Toyoo, who is about to faint, and he spends the night in terror.
- 1350年12月、師直のクーデターで失脚した直義は京都を脱出し、師直打倒の兵を募る。
- In December 1350, Tadayoshi lost power due to a coup d'etat by Moronao, and escaped Kyoto to gather troops to bring down Moronao.
- 皇太子妃は以下のいずれかを満たした場合、皇族の身分を離れ皇太子妃としての地位を失う。
- The crown princess loses the social status as the member of the imperial family and the position of crown princess if any of the conditions shown below is met.
- しかるにちょうどその時、にわかに父兄を失い、せっかくの好機をむだにしてしまいました。
- However, just then, I lost my father and brother, and have wasted my valuable opportunity.
- この失態に家康は激怒し、秀忠にしばらくは対面することすら許さなかったと言われている。
- Ieyasu became furious at this gaffe and it is said that he did not even allow Hidetada to see him for a while.
- さらに渤海国が遼によって滅亡(926年)したのち施設は衰え、鎌倉時代の頃に消失した。
- After the collapse of the Balhae Kingdom under the Liao dynasty in 926, Korokan had gone into steady decline to fade out from history around the Kamakura period.
- 政権の最高実力者に対する暗殺という結果は、幕府の権威を大きく失墜させることとなった。
- Due to the assassination of its top official, the authority of the bakufu government crumbled.
- だがロシアの近代的要塞の前に死傷者1万5,000という大きな損害を受け失敗に終わる。
- However, the seige on a modern Russian fortress ended in heavy casualties of 15,000 for the Imperial Japanese Army.
- これに対して、煬帝が倭王に宛てた国書は、『日本書紀』によれば小野妹子が紛失したという。
- In response to the letter, Emperor Yodai wrote an official letter to King of Wa, but according to 'Nihonshoki', ONO no Imoko lost the letter on his way back.
- 前者は昭和初期に焼失した香川家旧蔵本の写し、後者は毛利宗家へ献上されたものとみられる。
- The former was a copy of the manuscript that was owned by the Kagawa family before it was lost in an early Showa-era fire, while the latter seems to have been donated to the main branch of the Mori family.
- これによって一度は失われた室町幕府の「武家政権」色を復活させようとしたと言われている。
- By doing so, he was allegedly trying to bring back 'military regime' style of Muromachi Shogunate, which had been once lost.
- このころの本願寺は多難で、宗派の中心寺院としての格を失い青蓮院の一末寺に転落していた。
- Hongan-ji Temple during this period was full of problems, and it had lost its status as the main temple within its religious denomination, and it had fallen to the status of merely one of the temples under Seiren-in Temple.
- 彼は電気椅子に1946年に座ったが、歴史上初めて処刑に失敗した死刑囚として有名である。
- He sat on an electrical chair in 1946 and he is known as the historically first condemned who failed the execution.
- 入鹿の父・蘇我蝦夷も自邸を焼いて自殺して蘇我本家は滅び、古人大兄皇子は後ろ盾を失った。
- Since Iruka's father, SOGA no Emishi set fire to his own house and committed suicide, the soga clan ended and Furuhito no Oe no Miko lost his backer.
- 正治は畠山家重臣で烏帽子形城城主であったが畠山氏没落に伴い、烏帽子形城を失い没落した。
- Although Masaharu was a senior vassal of the Hatakeyama family and a lord of Eboshigata-jo Castle, due to the fall of the Hatayama clan, he lost the Castle, which eventually led to his downfall.
- しかし豊臣政権・江戸幕府と長崎は中央政権直轄領となり、貿易利潤を喪失することとなった。
- However, under the Toyotomi regime and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the domain no longer benefited from the profits of this trade because Nagasaki became a demesne of the central government.
- 公宗は後醍醐暗殺に失敗し誅殺されたが、泰家は逃亡して各地の北条残党に挙兵を呼びかける。
- While Kinmune failed to assassinate the Emperor Godaigo and was killed, Yasuie escaped and called on the remnants of the Hojo clan in various locations to take up arms.
- しかし、久政の政治的発言力が完全に失われたわけではなく、隠居後でもなお発言力はあった。
- However, Hisamasa was not completely out of the political matters, and still had a certain influence even after his retirement.
- これに激怒した六角高頼とその被官は、焼失した観音寺城を修築、3度立てこもることになる。
- Takayori ROKKAKU and his Hikan (low-level bureaucrat) were furious about the decision, rebuilt Kannonji-jo Castle, which had burned down, and barricaded them selves in it for a third time.
- 同月末、織田方の岡田重孝らが学文路口の西尾山の砦を襲ったが部将二名を失って撃退される。
- At the end of March, Shigetaka OKADA and others of the Oda side attacked the fort of Mt. Nishio at Kamuro guchi, but they were defeated, losing two warriors.
- 天平時代に建設された東大寺東大寺盧舎那仏像は平安時代末期の治承・寿永の乱の中、焼失した。
- Todai-ji Temple and the statue of Birushana Buddha, both built in the Tenpyo era, were destroyed by fire during the Jisho-Juei War which took place at the end of the Heian period.
- The Tenpyo era statue of Rushana at Todai-ji Temple was destroyed by fire during the Genpei War at the end of the Heian period.
- 瑤泉院はそれに激高し「不忠臣の焼香など殿は望まない。失せよ」と大石をののしって追い払う。
- Yozenin became very angry and sent him away by saying 'I do not want incense to be offered from such an unfaithful retainer. Leave.'
- 幕府が保管していたものは大半失われたが、作成にあたった大名家に残ったものが国単位で残る。
- Most of the gocho stored by the bakufu were lost, but gocho which were left in the house of daimyo who had prepared them remain in some provinces.
- 開港後、日本人が次第に多く流入するようになると、これが失策だったことに気づくことになる。
- After opening the ports, there was an influx of Japanese into Korea, and they realized that admitting that provision was a mistake.
- この戦いによって元軍の海軍戦力の3分の2以上が失われ、残った軍船も、相当数が破損された。
- In this battle, more than two-thirds of the Yuan navy forces were lost, and a considerable number of the battleships were also destroyed.
- 寿永2年(1183年)5月の倶利伽羅峠の戦いで源義仲に敗れた平氏は兵力の大半を失なった。
- Since MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka defeated the Taira clan during the battle of Kurikara Pass on June, 1183, the Taira clan lost almost all of their army's power.
- もともと巻名だけで本文は書かれなかったとする説と、本文はあったが紛失したとする説がある。
- There are two theories about this chapter: the first one says that it only had a title and the text was never written in the first place, and the second one says that the text once existed, but was lost.
- 写本の多くは焼失し失われているが、南朝 (日本)系の古文献を再編したとされる写本もある。
- Many of manuscripts were lost in fire or from other causes, but there are manuscripts in existence which are said to be edited from old documents of the Southern Court (Japan).
- このように政は義政の意に沿って進まない事が多く、次第に義政は政治への関心を失っていった。
- Therefore, since politics did not go according to Yoshimasa's plans he gradually lost interest in politics.
- よって、『吾妻鏡』十七日条は、義経失脚後、その説明をするために創作されたものと思われる。
- Therefore, it is supposed that the August 17 article of 'Azuma Kagami' was created after the downfall of Yoshitsune in order to explain the reason.
- 楽府は詩に楽曲が伴ったものであったが、やがてその楽曲は失われ、楽辞と題のみが伝えられた。
- Gafu were originally poems accompanied by music, but the music was lost as time went by and only the words and their titles were passed down.
- 高貴の人らしく鷹揚すぎる性格であるためか、母方から相続した遺産なども多くは失ってしまう。
- It might have been because of his character, being too generous like a noble man, but he lost most of the legacy he had inherited from his mother's family.
- 新々類集は唯一の現存本とされていた評定所旧蔵本が関東大震災において焼失したとされている。
- It is thought that the only existing book of Shinshinruishu, which was owned by Hyojosho, was burned in the Great Kanto Earthquake.
- しかしこの画策は失敗し、薩摩・長州を主体とする反幕勢力による武力倒幕が行われようとした。
- However, this plan failed, and the anti-bakufu forces, mainly Satsuma and Choshu, tried to begin overthrowing the shogunate.
- 勢力は大きく衰退し、井伊谷の城と所領は家臣の横領や武田信玄の侵攻により数度失われている。
- Still, the Ii clan significantly lost their power, lost their castle and shoryo (territory) in Iinoya due in some part to embezzlements by vassals and the invasion of Shingen TAKEDA.
- 福知山藩では財政再建の必要性から、藩政改革がいくたびも行なわれたが、その都度に失敗する。
- Under the pressure to rebuild its finances, the lords made several attempts to reform the administration of the domain, but repeatedly failed in their attempts.
- 山崎の戦いの後、明智秀満率いる明智軍の退却後、天主とその周辺建物(主に本丸)を焼失した。
- After the Battle of Yamazaki, following the withdrawal of Akechi's army led by Hidemitsu AKECHI from Azuchi-jo Castle, castle tower and surrounding structures (mainly Honmaru) were burnt down.
- 長い戦いにより多くの兵士と金銭が失われたが、結局藩鎮抑制の目標を達成したとは言いがたい。
- Many soldiers and money were lost because of the long war, but in the end, it is difficult to say that the goal of bringing hanchin under control was accomplished.
- 大韓帝国(李氏朝鮮)は、第二次日韓協約によって日本の保護国となりすでに外交権を失っていた。
- The Korean Empire had become a protectorate of Japan under the terms of the earlier Eulsa Treaty, and had thus lost the right to conduct diplomatic exchanges with other countries.
- 1988年、前年のSF大作『首都消失』に続き、日中合作の超大作映画『敦煌 (映画)』公開。
- Following the science-fiction film 'Shuto Soshitsu' in 1987, the Sino-Japanese mega-production 'Tonko' was released in 1988.
- 外地とされていた地域は、敗戦により全て喪失したため、現在は外地と称される地域は存在しない。
- Japan lost all the regions regarded as Gaichi after her defeat in the World War II, and the regions referred to as Gaichi does not exist today.
- この時代は、首都たる奈良(794年以降は京都)で失脚した貴族の左遷先となる事例が多かった。
- During this period, there were many cases where nobles that fell from power in the capital Nara (Kyoto since 794) were demoted.
- 泰盛と縁戚関係のあった金沢貞顕は下総国に蟄居の身となり、宇都宮景綱、長井宗秀らが失脚した。
- Sadaaki KANESAWA, Yasumori's relative, was confined in Shimousa Province and Kagetuna UTSUNOMIYA and Munehide NAGAI fell from power.
- が、父に溺愛されて過保護に育った故の彼女のあまりの幼さに失望し、却って紫の上への愛を増す。
- However, he was disappointed with how childish the princess was due to having been doted on by her father and reared in an overprotective manner, and he instead grew to love Lady Murasaki even more deeply than before.
- 一方で義輝が頼みとする近江六角氏は永禄6年(1563年)の観音寺騒動により力を失っていた。
- On the other hand, the Rokkaku clan on whom Yoshiteru had depended lost its power because of the Kannon-ji Disturbance in 1563.
- カムヤイミミはこの失態を恥じ、弟のカムヌナカワミミに皇位を譲り、自らは神官となって仕えた。
- Ashamed of his failure, Kamuyaimimi gave up the Imperial throne to his younger brother Kamununakawamimi and served as a Shinto priest.
- 公宗は後醍醐天皇の暗殺に失敗し誅殺されたが、泰家は逃れ、各地の北条残党に挙兵を呼びかける。
- Kinmune failed his attempted assassination of Emperor Godaigo and was subsequently executed, but Yasuie escaped and began calling together the remnants of the Hojo's military forces from all over the land.
- 内裏焼失後、天皇の在所を一時的に他所へ移す必要があり、当初は後院が仮皇居として用いられた。
- The loss of dairi in a fire required a temporary move of the Emperor's residence to another place; at first, the Goin Palace was used as a temporary imperial palace.
- 使いがそのことを天皇に知らせると、天皇は同じ父に対して失礼なことを怒って誅殺したとされる。
- When the bearer reported this to the Emperor, he became angry and killed Ashikamino kamami wakenomiko for being rude to their father.
- 宝子は日比谷のビルの地下に「マルキーズ」(侯爵夫人)というレストランを開いたが経営に失敗。
- Tomiko opened the restaurant 'Marquise' at the basement floor of a building in Hibiya, but ultimately the business failed.
- 長興の没後、先例の蓄積である官文庫の古文書を失った大宮家は官務としての仕事が困難となった。
- Because the Omiya family lost the ancient documents in their kanbunko, which was an accumulation of works from the past generations, it became difficult for the Omiya family members to work as government officials after Nagaoki's death.
- 「今の時に当たりて、其の失(あやまり)を改めずは、未だ幾年をも経ずしてその旨滅びなんとす。」
- The original intentions will be lost within a few years unless corrected now.'
- しかし、戦前撮られた『鞍馬天狗』には紛失・消失してしまい、現在では観られないものが多々ある。
- But many of the 'Kurama Tengu' films produced before World War II were lost, and are unable to be watched now.
- この密約には義満によって一方的に九州探題を解任され失脚していた今川了俊が仲介役になっている。
- This secret agreement was reached through the mediation of Ryoshun IMAGAWA, who had unilaterally lost his standing and had been dismissed from his post as tandai (local military commissioner) of Kyushu thanks to Yoshimitsu's machinations.
- なお、近代の皇族制度とは違い、婚姻によって皇親身分を獲得したり喪失したりすることは無かった。
- Furthermore, unlike the modern imperial family system, with this system one could not obtain or lose the status of Koshin through marriage.
- 関ヶ原後、家康は豊臣氏の牽制と畿内支配の拠点という両点から、焼失した伏見城の再建に乗り出す。
- After the Sekigahara Battle, Ieyasu launched a reconstruction of Fushimi-jo Castle which had been burnt to the ground, for the dual purpose of restraining the Toyotomi clan and providing a base for the control of territories in the vicinity of the capital which were under direct imperial rule.
- 若狭武田氏も2年後の1568年(永禄11年)8月に、越前朝倉氏の若狭進攻によって領国を失う。
- In August 1568, two years later, the Wakasa-Takeda clan eventually lost its territory due to the invasion by the Asakura clan of Echizen.
- 以後も研究会は最大会派の地位は保ったものの、有能な政治指導者を欠き政治的発言力を失っていった。
- Kenkyukai remained to be the biggest parliamentary faction, but without capable political leaders, it lost political influence.
- 清朝は最後の朝貢国朝鮮を失うことのないよう次第に朝鮮の内政外交に積極的に介入するようになった。
- The Qing dynasty gradually started to interfere in domestic administration of Korea in order to keep Korea, the last chokokoku.
- 白村江の戦いで国を失った百済の扶余豊璋は、その後高句麗へ亡命していたが、捕らえられ幽閉された。
- Fuyo Hosho of Kudara, who lost his kingdom in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, defected to Koguryo, but was captured and imprisoned.
- しかし、1855年に発生した安政の大地震にて東湖が圧死すると調停役を失った抗争は一気に泥沼化。
- However, when Toko was killed by the Ansei Great Earthquakes in 1855, the dispute, without a mediator, quickly became mired in a mess.
- 原本は明治維新後に旧内務省 (日本)地理課に保管されていたが、関東大震災で焼失して現存しない。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the original was kept in the Geography Section of the former Home Ministry (Japan) but no longer survives after having been destroyed in a fire caused by the Great Kanto Earthquake.
- 尉の蔵人(じょうのくろうど) : 源氏の君と親しくしていた為、「須磨」の際に官位を失った人物。
- Jo no Kurodo: A person who lost his official rank in 'Suma' due to his being on good terms with Genji.
- さらに明暦の大火による『銀座書留』など記録史料焼失のため慶長小判銀の正確な鋳造量の記録は無い。
- There is no record of exact minting amount of keicho-koban since historical record including 'Ginza Kakitome' (record of ginza) was lost by Fire of Meireki.
- ただし、琉球処分や沖縄戦などの混乱によって間切関連の文書の多くが失われたために不明な点が多い。
- But there are many unclear points about bansho because a lot of magiri-related written materials were lost as a result of social disorder caused by the Ryukyu Annexation, the Battle of Okinawa, etc.
- だが、堀越公方も政知の死後に今川氏重臣・伊勢盛時(北条早雲)によって倒されて、失敗に終わった。
- However, Horikoshi-kubo was also defeated after Masatomo's death by Moritoki ISE (Soun HOJO), a major vassal of the Imagawa clan, and this ended in failure.
- この年の7月飛鳥浄御原宮の一部が延焼したがこれは忍壁皇子の宮殿が失火したからとも言われている。
- In July of that year, Asuka Kiyomigahara no miya partially caught a fire, which presumably caused by the accidental fire started from the palace of the Prince Osakabe.
- 異母兄平城天皇の側近であった藤原式家・藤原仲成に操られた藤原宗成に失脚させられたものとされる。
- It is believed that he fell from power due to a scheme plotted by FUJIWARA no Munenari, who was manipulated by FUJIWARA no Nakanari of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, a close advisor of Emperor Heizei who was the older half-brother (by the same father) of Imperial Prince Iyo.
- しかし貞治2年(1363年)、再従兄弟である斯波高経と対立し、全役職をとかれて失脚してしまう。
- However, in 1363, he had an argument with his second cousin Takatsune SHIBA and lost all his posts.
- 義将の甥である斯波満種は1414年に将軍足利義持の不興を買い、加賀守護職を失って高野山に隠退。
- Mitsutane SHIBA, a nephew of Yoshimasa, incurred the displeasure of the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1414, lost his position as Shugoshiki of Kaga Province, and retired to Mt. Koya.
- ただし、佐久間信盛失脚後水野忠政4男水野忠守が緒川、水野忠政9男水野忠重は刈谷の旧領に復した。
- However, after the downfall of Nobumori SAKUMA, Tadamori MIZUNO, the fourth son of Tadamasa MIZUNO, and Tadashige MIZUNO, the ninth son of Tadamasa, each moved back to Ogawa and Kariya, their former territories.
- また、柴田勝家の後ろ盾を失った織田信孝や滝川一益には抵抗する力もなく、翌月に両者とも降伏した。
- Without the backing of Katsuie SHIBATA, Nobutaka ODA and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA lost the power to fight, surrendering to the Hideyoshi side the following month.
- また、吸収源である森林が同年以降に都市化・農地化などで失われた分は排出量増加として算入される。
- Meanwhile decrease in forests, which are sources of absorption, caused by urbanization and/or conversion to agricultural lands and so on is converted and added on the amount of increase in the emissions.
- 10月9日-10月20日にロシア軍は攻勢に出るが、日本軍の防御の前に失敗に終わる(沙河会戦)。
- Although the Russian Army went on the offensive between October 9th through to October 20th, it ended in failure in the face of staunch resistance put up by the Japanese Army (The Battle of Saka).
- しかし室町幕府が求心力を失った後、再び倭寇が出没するようになり、また日朝貿易は一時的に中断した。
- However, after Muromachi bakufu lost its centripetal force, wako (Japanese pirates) made frequent appearances and Japan-Korea trade was interrupted for some time.
- 教康は奮戦したが、但馬口が突破されたとの報(虚報であった)を受け、戦意を失って坂本城へ退却した。
- Noriyasu fought up against the army of bakufu but received the message (it was a disinformation) that Tajimaguchi was burst through, and he lost his will to fight and retreated to Sakamoto-jo Castle.
- 2月19日、熊本鎮台が守る熊本城内で火災が起こり、烈風の中、火は櫓に延焼し、天守までも焼失した。
- On February 19, Kumamoto Castle guarded by Kumamoto Garrison had a fire, which spread to the keep in a violent wind and also burned down the donjon.
- その勢に辟易して、官軍は皆四散し、牙営に在つた三好少将や野津少将は、周章狼狽、所を失つて逃げた。
- Shrunk back from his momentum, the government army scattered, and Major General MIYOSHI and Major General NOZU at the leaders' office were panic-stricken and fled, losing their staying places.
- 663年の白村江の戦いにおいて倭・百済連合軍は唐・新羅連合軍に惨敗し、百済復興は失敗に終わった。
- In the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663, the allied forces of Wa and Kudara were heavily defeated by the allied Tang and Shiragi, and the restoration of Kudara ended up in failure.
- 百済復興戦争の敗北は、中大兄政権にとって大変な失策であり、国外に大きな脅威を抱えることとなった。
- The defeat in the War for the Restoration of Kudara was a blunder for the Naka no Oe administration, and as a result, they came to have a major fear of countries overseas.
- 1798年(寛政10年)65歳、右目も失明するが、大阪の鍼医、谷川良順の治療によりやや回復した。
- In 1798, at age 65, he went blind in his right eye as well, but Ryojun TANIKAWA, an acupuncturist living in Osaka, treated him and his eye got a little bit better.
- ともあれ、逸話の記載も多く、かつ孤高の英才政治家の栄達と失脚の記として官界の実態を活写している。
- To return to the subject, with many anecdotes, 'Taiki' is a document of the height and downfall of a lone and gifted politician that gave us a racy description of the government of the time.
- 原文は全巻亡失おり、九条家本『延喜式』(現在国宝、東京国立博物館所蔵)の紙背文書に偶々遺された。
- The original 'Konin-shiki' volumes were since lost, but some of it's texts were on the back of the pages in the Kujo family's copy of the 'Engi-shiki' (which was declared a national treasure and is currently stored at the Tokyo National Museum).
- また明暦の大火による『後藤役所書留』などの焼失も重なり慶長金慶長丁銀の正確な鋳造数の記録は無い。
- There exists no document about the correct number of casted Keicho Kin and Keicho Chogin (silver oval coin) due to the destruction of 'Document of Goto Office' by fire during the Great Fire of Meireki.
- 翌年には一条高能も病死し、頼朝は朝廷での代弁者を失う形となったまま正治元年(1199年)に死去。
- In the following year, Takayoshi ICHIJO died of illness and Yoritomo died in 1199 without getting a spokesman in the Imperial Court.
- しかし、平安時代に入って衰退し、火災や台風で多くの堂塔が失われ、寺は興福寺の支配下に入っていた。
- However, it declined in the Heian period and many halls and pagodas were lost by fire or typhoon and the temple itself was controlled by Kofukuj-ji Temple.
- しかし明治時代以降は肝心の首都機能を消失していることも確かで、首都に関する議論を複雑にしている。
- However, it is also true that Kyoto lost its function as a capital after the Meiji period, and the arguments regarding its status as a capital are complicated.
- 元寇以来の政局不安などにより、諸国では悪党が活動し、幕府は次第に武士層からの支持を失っていった。
- The political situation had been unstable ever since the Mongol invasion, and due to this and other factors, criminals were active in several provinces, while the shogunate gradually found itself losing the support of the warrior class.
- 親王妃は以下のいずれかを満たした場合、皇族の身分を離れ親王妃としての地位を失う。(同法第14条)
- A Shinnohi, when meeting any of the following conditions, shall cease to be the member of the Imperial Family and lose her status as Shinnohi (Article 14 of the Imperial House Law):
- 建武の親政が失敗に終わると、足利尊氏により、建武 3年(1336年)8月に再び所領を安堵された。
- When the Kenmu Restoration failed, he received Shoryo Ando from Takauji ASHIKAGA in August 1336.
- この失態を恥じた神八井耳は弟を助けて天神地祇を掌り、神渟名川耳が天皇として即位することになった。
- Kamuyaimimi-no-mikoto was ashamed of his blunder and helped his younger brother, and together they ruled the gods of heaven and earth, and it was determined that Kamununakawamimi-no-mikoto would be enthroned as emperor.
- 細川氏が力を失った後の土佐においては土佐一条氏を奉じ、宣経の時に一条氏から伊予国守に任ぜられた。
- After the Hosokawa clan lost its power in Tosa Province, the Kira clan obeyed the Tosa Ichijo clan, and assigned to Iyo no kuni no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) by the Ichijo clan when the era of Nobutsune.
- その後、その勢力を警戒した頼朝から粛清を受け、信義は失脚し、弟や息子達の多くが死に追いやられた。
- Later, Nobuyoshi was purged by Yoritomo, who feared Nobuyoshi's power, and many of his brothers and sons were sent to their deaths.
- 反対に双方に火傷が出なかった場合にはいずれも「失なし」として中分による新たな取り決めが結ばされた。
- On the contrary, if neither of them suffered scalds, both sides would be regarded as 'without fault' and a new deal would be concluded by chubun (the physical division of the land).
- 一方に火傷が現れた場合には「失あり」とされ、当該の取手及びその陣営の虚偽とみなされて敗訴となった。
- If only one of the torite suffered a scald, he would be regarded as 'at fault,' and the torite and his party would be considered to be making a false claim and lose the suit.
- 三好方は久米田の戦いで雑賀衆および根来衆の鉄砲で三好義賢を失ったことから、雨を待っていたと伝わる。
- It is said that Miyoshi's army was waiting for the rain because Yoshitaka MIYOSHI was shot by Saikashu or Negoroshu in the battle of Kumeda.
- 自立する拠り所を失った女性が、生活のために性行為を行う「売春」が発生するのは、正にこの時期である。
- It is exactly this period of time when women who lost a support for independence became a 'prostitute' for living.
- 結果的に多くの土地が国有地に編入され、朝鮮の農民の多くが土地の所有権を喪失したとする研究者もいる。
- As a result, many lands were incorporated into the public land, and many Korean peasants lost their ownership of their land, some researchers say.
- その後、第二次(1905年)、第三次(1911年)と継続更新され、1923年8月17日に失効した。
- Then the alliance was renewed and extended for the second (1905) and the third (1911), and lapsed on August 17, 1923.
- これら抗争によって両派とも巨頭になり得る人材を失い、問題の解決と関係の修復を行う力を失っていった。
- Because of these disputes, both factions lost their talented persons who could lead each faction, and they lost the power to resolve the issues and reconcile with each other.
- だが、、に廃藩置県が行われると、日本からは領主が一掃される形となり、反対論の大きな理由が失われた。
- However, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was done in 1871 and landlords in Japan were cleared away and a big reason of objection disappeared.
- 大泉洋 『LOOSER~失い続けてしまうアルバム~』(2004年、TEAM-NACS第10回公演)
- Acted by Yo OIZUMI 'LOOSER - Ushinai Tsuzukete Shimau Album-' (Year 2004, 10th performance of TEAM-NACS).
- 1476年(文明 (日本)7)に花の御所(京都市上京区)が焼失すると小川御所(上京区堀川)へ移る。
- In 1476, after the Hana-no-Gosho residence (in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) was burned down in the war, she moved to the Ogawa-Gosho residence (in Horikawa, Kamigyo Ward).
- ホオリ(山幸彦)が、兄のホデリ(海幸彦)と猟具をとりかえて魚を釣りに出たが、釣針を失ってしまった。
- Hoori (Yamasachihiko) swapped his hunting tools with those of his older brother Hoderi (Umisachihiko) and went fishing, but he lost the fishing hook.
- これによって延暦寺を支持していた地域を含めて堅田の町のほぼ全域が焼失して住民は沖島に逃れたという。
- It is said that almost all the areas of Katata, including the areas that supported Enryaku-ji Temple, were burned down and the residents fled to Oki-shima Island.
- 経宗・惟方の失脚の理由としては、信西殺害の共犯者としての責任を追及されたことによるものと見られる。
- The reason for Tsunemune and Korekata's downfall is thought to be the fruits of the investigation into their guilt for colluding in the death of Shinzei.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、室町幕府や守護は国内統治権を失い、新たに台頭した戦国大名が多くの国を支配した。
- In the Sengoku Period, the Muromachi bakufu and shugo lost their authorities to rule the nation and daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku period, who newly came to the forefront, ruled many countries.
- 前述したように、安土城天主及びその周辺の本丸等の建造物は、山崎の戦いの後まもなくして焼失している。
- As mentioned above, the castle tower of Azuchi-jo Castle and surrounding structures including Honmaru were burnt down soon after the Battle of Yamazaki.
- 平安時代後期以後、朝廷は社会秩序を維持するための警察・軍事的な裏付け(「検断権」)を次第に失った。
- After the late Heian Period, the Imperial Court slowly lost the power to maintain the social order with the police and the military, losing the right to judge criminal cases, thus samurai maintained the order in place of the Imperial Court.
- 童心とは経書など外的権威・道徳を学ぶ以前の純真な心を指し、読書学問によってかえって失われるとした。
- The child's mind is the pure mind before learning about morals and external authorities such as the Classics, and he said this is lost through reading and learning.
- 直隷省は山東省以上に、失業者や天災難民が多くおりそれらを吸収することによって義和団は急速に膨張した。
- Zhili Province had a greater amount of jobless and refugees from natural disasters than Shandong Province, so Boxers absorbed them and expanded fast.
- 蘇軾と同時代の劉摯は「文人と称されたのでは士人として失格である」という趣旨の教訓を子孫に遺している。
- Ryushi who lived in the same age as SU Shi left a teaching that 'If called Bunjin, you should think you are not good enough as a Shijin.'
- この片桐兄弟の退去により豊臣氏は最後の柱石を失い、同年から始まった大坂の役で、家康により滅ぼされた。
- Due to the departure of the Katagiri brothers, the Toyotomi clan lost the last pillar, and was defeated by Ieyasu in the Siege of Osaka the same year.
- 列島周辺の主権を失ったために、各地に移住していた日本人の大概は、引揚者として日本に引き揚げていった。
- Japanese people who had migrated to various places returned to Japan as repatriates since Japan lost sovereign power in countries around the archipelago.
- 源氏の愛を完全に失ったと察した御息所は、彼との関係を断ち切るため斎宮になった娘に付き添い野宮に入る。
- Noticing that she lost Genji's love completely, Miyasudokoro accompanies her daughter, who became an itsukinomiya, and enters the nonomiya (palace for princess before becoming an itsukinomiya) in order to give up her relationship with Genji.
- いわゆる古史古伝の書物であり、写本自体が焼失もしくは非公開であるため、「偽書」「偽史」とされている。
- They are the so-called koshi koden books and, because the original manuscripts themselves were lost in a fire or were not open to the public, they are deemed as 'gisho' (apocryphal documents) or 'gishi' (apocryphal history).
- しかし、近代までは口伝集巻第十が『群書類従』に収められたのみで、他の部分は失われたと考えられていた。
- However, only Kuden shu, Book 10 was collected in 'Gunsho ruiju'(Collection of historical documents compiled by Hokiichi HANAWA), and others were thought to be lost until recently.
- 「幻」で紫の上を失い傷心の源氏を見舞ったのが最後の登場で、「紅梅」で既に死去していたことが知られる。
- His last appearance was in the chapter 'Maboroshi' (The Wizard) when he visited Hikaru Genji who was broken-hearted after his wife Lady Murasaki's death; in the chapter 'Kobai' (the rose plum) it was mentioned that Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya had already been dead.
- 翌24年(1555年)の厳島の戦いで晴賢が元就に敗れて自害すると、大黒柱を失った大内家は一気に衰退。
- After Harukata was defeated by Motonathe in the Battle of Itsukushima in the next year 1555 and killed himself, the Ouchi family which lost the pillar declined at a stretch.
- 応仁の乱で将軍の権威は完全に失墜し幕府の権力は衰退したが、将軍の軍事的な実権はある程度保たれていた。
- The Onin War completely eclipsed shogunal authority and stripped the bakufu of much of its power, but the Shogun was able to hold onto some measure of de facto authority through his military power.
- 神八井耳はこの失態を深く恥じ、弟が天皇として即位するに及び、これを助けて天神地祇を掌ることとなった。
- Kamuyaimimi was so deeply ashamed of this blunder that at the enthronement of his younger brother, he decided to help the new Emperor by administering religious matters.
- 長年国政を任せてきた重臣を次々に失った女帝の心境は、老いが深まるにつれ寂寥なものであったに違いない。
- The mind-set of the Empress, who lost her senior vassals one after another, whom she let handle the affairs of state, must have been lonely as she grew older.
- 乱直後の貞応2年(1223年)に放火にあって焼失したものの、幕府を憚って以後再建される事はなかった。
- After the war in 1223, the Kayain was set fire and lost, however, it was never rebuilt again, in fear of the bakufu.
- この名は、「天性のものを失わず自然に、飾ることなく、ありのままに人生を歩む」願いを込めて命名された。
- The name was given in the hope that 'She will go through her life as she is without losing her gift and showing vanity.'
- しかし、同年に本能寺の変が起って信長が死んだため、後ろ盾を失った孫一は雑賀を逃亡し、豊臣秀吉を頼る。
- However, in the same year (1582) Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident, and Magoichi, who lost his backing, fled from Saiga, seeking refuge with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 土地を媒介とした国王・領主・家臣の間の緩い主従関係により形成され、近世以降の絶対王政の中で消失した。
- It consisted of loose, land mediated relations of master to servant among king, feudal lord, and retainer, and disappeared under absolute monarchy in the early-modern times.
- また、1641年(寛永18年)には貿易港としての地位を失った代償として平戸も加えられて6ヶ所となった。
- Additionally, in 1641 Hirado was allowed to become the member of the itowappu nakama in return for vacating their position as a port of trade; so, the total numbers of Itowappu nakama expanded to six locations.
- 神祇官・宣教使の宣教政策の失敗を受けて出来上がった教部省であったが、最終的には廃止という結果となった。
- It was established after the failure of Jingikan and its Shinto Missionaries, but consequently it also ended up with abolition.
- 実は西自身は紛失されたものと思っており、この書は西のあずかり知らぬところで勝手に出版されたものである。
- However Nishi believed that the book was lost and he was not aware of the publication.
- 1873年に対外強硬派の大院君が失脚し、王妃閔妃一派が権力を握っても、日朝関係は容易に好転しなかった。
- The hard-liner Daewongun was disgraced in 1873, and the Empress Myeongseong group assumed authority, but relations between Japan and Korea did not turn better.
- しかしながら、西郷軍の南進を阻止すべく鹿児島湾、重富に上陸した第2旅団にこれを阻まれ、失敗に終わった。
- However, prevented by the 2nd brigade that had landed at Shigetomi in the Kagoshima bay to prevent the southern advancement of Saigo's forces, the attempt failed.
- 歌物語風の説話を中心に、大宮人の色恋沙汰や風流な応酬から、失敗譚・滑稽譚までを簡潔流麗な和文体で記す。
- The stories are generally written in the uta-monogatari (short tales centered around poems) style with simple but elegant Japanese, and contains various subjects such as romance of noblemen of the Imperial Court and their graceful exchange of words, stories of failure, and comedy.
- 弘仁私記にはこの系図について、「図書寮にも民間にも見えない」としてすでに失われたかのような記述がある。
- In Koninshiki (a lecture written by O no Hitonaga), there is a description on this genealogy that 'it can be seen neither in Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) nor private libraries,' which shows that it had been already lost.
- また、幕府にとっても、尊氏が征夷大将軍を解任されたため、幕府自体が法的根拠を失ってしまう状況になった。
- Additionally, Takauji was dismissed as Seii Taishogun, the bakufu itself also lost its legal foundation.
- 1935年(昭和10年)の水害では死傷者83名のほか、三条大橋や五条大橋の流失など大きな被害を出した。
- The flood in 1935 caused great damage: 83 people were killed or injured, and in addition, the Sanjo Ohashi Bridge and the Gojo Ohashi Bridge were washed away.
- 」と記されており、一般的には三種の神器のうち天叢雲剣は壇ノ浦の戦いで一度失われていると考えられている。
- In general, this seems to suggest that of the Imperial Regalia, the Sword was lost at one point at the battle of Dannoura.
- なおこの一円黄銅貨は戦後発行であるが、素材金属価格の高騰により鋳つぶしされる危険があるため、失効した。
- This one-yen brass coin was issued after the war, but because there was a risk that the coins may be melted due to an increase in price for the raw metal, production was ceased.
- 斉 (春秋)の桓公 (斉)は、周室への礼を失せず、諸侯を一致団結させて、楚に代表される夷狄を討伐した。
- Lord Huan of Qi (a state in Zhou Dynasty) held other lords together to subdue iteki including Chu without being disrespectful to the Zhou court.
- 尚、明治政府は長野県も2分割(長野県、筑摩県)する方針であったが筑摩県庁の焼失により分割が中止された。
- The Meiji Government intended to divide Nagano Prefecture into two (Nagano Prefecture, Chikuma Prefecture), but the plan was cancelled because the prefectural government office of Chikuma was burnt down.
- 地租増徴を目指して衆議院を解散したものの、政局運営に自信を失った前総理松方正義に代わって伊藤が組閣した。
- ITO organized the Cabinet in place of Masayoshi MATSUKATA, the previous prime minister, who dissolved the House of Representatives aiming for increase in land taxes, but lost confidence in management of such political situation.
- 北部九州の勢力が奈良盆地勢力を制圧し、奈良盆地へ東遷したとする見解もあるが、次第に支持を失ってきている。
- Although some scholars expressed the opinion that a powerful force in the northern part of Kyushu lorded over the Nara Basin, and subsequently moved their capital into the Nara Basin; this theory gradually lost academic support.
- すると岩倉が「今日の挙はことごとく天子様のお考えの下に行われている。幼き天子とは何事か」と失言を責めた。
- Iwakura remonstrated Yamauchi about his improper comment, saying 'Everything going on is being held according to the Emperor's ideas. How dare you can use the word juvenile Emperor?'
- 地方制度をすべて中央政府の延長にしようとした大区小区制の失敗に対する反省から、一定の地方自治を法定した。
- The government legislated certain local autonomy after reconsidering the failure of the daiku-shoku system (a centralized district system that abolished all pre-existing towns, villages and their offices and institutions), which was designed to make all local systems extensions of the central government.
- 幕府は物価高騰と流通の混乱を防ぐため、60年に五品江戸廻送令を発して貿易の統制を図ろうとするが失敗する。
- To prevent price increases and confusion in distribution, in 1860 the bakufu issued a regulation to control foreign trade called the Gohin Edo Kaisorei, which proved unsuccessful.
- 平賀朝雅は新羅三郎義光の孫で、北条時政の後妻・牧の方の娘婿にあたり、北条時政の失脚と同時に京で殺された。
- Tomomasa HIRAGA was a grandson of Shinra-Saburo Yoshimitsu and a husband of the daughter of Maki no kata (Lady Maki) who was the second wife of Tokimasa HOJO, and he was killed in Kyoto at the same time when Tokimasa HOJO was overthrown.
- このような内外の状況で完全に政治への意欲を失った義政は、邸宅造営などの土木事業や猿楽、酒宴に溺れていく。
- Because of these internal and external situations Yoshimasa completely lost his motivation in politics, and he gradually immersed himself in construction projects, such as building mansions, sarugaku and holding drinking parties.
- したがって、故意か過失かは別として、「フルヘッヘンド」の記述が「乳」の記述であることは間違いないだろう。
- As a result, intentionally or unintentionally, the word 'verheffen' must have described a breast.
- しかし1928年に侯爵議員を失って崩壊の危機にあった第2次無所属と合同して同和会を結成することとなった。
- However, in 1928, they lost their Marquis Diet members and, facing total collapse, they were forced to merge with the second Mushozoku (Unaffiliated Group) and form the Dowakai.
- それ以前の応仁元年(1467年)以降の部分は応仁の乱によって焼失したことが現存部分の冒頭に記されている。
- It is recorded at the beginning of what remains of the diary that earlier parts of the diary dating back to before 1467 were destroyed in a fire during the Onin War.
- ロシアは遼東半島を日本に奪われることで南満州の海への出口を失うことを恐れ、日本の極東進出阻止を目論んだ。
- Russia wanted to prevent Japan from advancing to the Far East, as it might lose its ports in southern Manchuria if Japan ruled over the Liaodong Peninsula.
- 平安京(京都)は、関東地方を基盤とする鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府の成立によって行政府としての機能を次第に失った。
- Heian-kyo (Kyoto) gradually lost its function as government administrator, by the formation of the Kamakura bakufu or Edo bakufu based in the Kanto Region.
- このような幼帝の即位は、天皇が次第に実権を失っていたことを示すもので、こうした政治体制を摂関政治という。
- The enthronement of such a young Emperor shows that the Emperor gradually lost his actual power, and this form of government is called Sekkanseiji.
- しかし、一族の多くを失った源義朝は、同じく天皇方についた平清盛と比較して勢力を伸ばすことができなかった。
- However, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lost many of his family, could not expand his power compared to TAIRA no Kiyomori, who also supported the Emperor.
- 同時期に信長は佐久間信盛父子を大将に七、八万の軍勢を動員して再び雑賀を攻めたが、この時も制圧に失敗した。
- Around this time, Nobunaga mobilized 70,000 or 80,000 soldiers with the commanders of Nobumori SAKUMA and his son and attacked Saiga again, but he failed again at this time.
- 1584年の小牧・長久手の戦い以後は信雄自身が暗愚ということもあって、天下への表舞台の影響力を急速に失う。
- But after the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, the clan's power of influence plunged downward on the front stage of the world due to Nobukatsu's incapability.
- 日本は朝鮮半島への足掛かりを失い、日本は大国唐の脅威にさらされることとなった(668年には高句麗も滅亡)。
- Japan lost its foothold on Korean Peninsula and Japan came to face the threat of a great power, Tang (in 668, Goguryeo also went to ruin).
- その中に「早相止連日酒宴、可被催暇景遊事」と貞時が政治への関心を失い酒に明け暮れていた様を知る事が出来る。
- From the description of '早相止連日酒宴,可被催暇景遊事' in it, we can know that Sadatoki lost interest in politics and almost always drank sake while he was awake.
- さきの兪吉濬は、条約を締結しても、その有効性は平時に限られ、戦時には空文となると述べて失望の色を隠さない。
- The above mentioned Kil-chun YU was depressed by this, stating that even if a treaty was concluded, it would only be effective during a time of peace; during a time of war, the treaty would not be worth the paper it was written on.
- 突然独裁者である義教を失った幕府は、管領の細川持之の指導力が欠如していたことから機能停止に陥ってしまった。
- The bakufu that lost Yoshinori, an absolute ruler, came to a standstill as the kanrei, Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA, lacked leadership.
- その理由は分からないが、白村江での敗戦などの外戦の失敗で外交に国土防衛にいとまがなかったことが思慮される。
- Although the reason of such a ruling style is unknown, it can be understood that he had been caught up in handling foreign affairs and homeland security because of the defeats in foreign wars including that of the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 出兵阻止の手段として秀吉の暗殺を示唆するも慶次郎は同意せず、五右衛門は単独で決行して失敗、釜茹でにされる。
- He suggests to assassinate Hideyoshi as a means to thwart the dispatching of the troops but Keijiro did not agree, so Goemon acted on his own and failed, then he was boiled to death in a cauldron.
- 永禄8年(1565年)には東三河の拠点である吉田城_(三河国)が失陥し、今川氏の勢力は三河から駆逐される。
- In 1565, Yoshida-jo Castle (Mikawa Province), which was the base in Higashi (East) Mikawa, was fallen and Imagawa clan's forces were expelled from Mikawa.
- あぜ道(約幅1メートル)には土の流失を防ぐため多数の杭が打ち込まれており、足跡も約50カ所見つかっている。
- Many stakes were put up at the side of a path (approximately 1 m width) between paddy field to stop soil from being carried out, and about 50 foot prints were also found.
- 私有の土地や財産などの造成・売買・譲与・紛失・寄進・相続に際して国家やその下部機関が発給した法的な証明書。
- A legal certificate issued by the state or its subordinate organization for development, trade, transfer, loss, donation and inheritance of the private land or property.
- 大正7年6月29日の国防方針の正文は終戦時の焼却処分で失われ、その内容は関連資料による推測に依存している。
- The official text of the policy for the national defense on June 29, 1918, was incinerated at the end of the war, and the contents of the policy were conjectured with the relevant documents.
- 編纂当時には存在したものが後に失われたのではなく、未編纂に終わり、当初から存在しなかったと考えられている。
- It is not thought that they existed at the time of editing and were later lost but instead that they were left unedited or never existed in the first place.
- 江戸時代に入って当時の安倍氏宗家の当主であった陰陽頭土御門泰重が度々の不手際による失意から辞意を表明した。
- Onmyo no kami (Director of the Onmyoryo), Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO, the head of the Soke (head family) of the ABE clan, announced his resignation due to his disappointment in repeated mistakes in policy
- 戦国時代 (日本)の端緒となる応仁の乱で市街、特に北側の大半が焼失し、その後もたびたび戦乱に巻き込まれた。
- During the Onin War which was the start of the Sengoku period, the city, in particular the majority of the northern side, was destroyed by fire and would later frequently become embroiled in conflict.
- 義輝の代に、細川氏の没落後台頭した三好長慶と共に幕政を壟断したものの長慶と対立し失脚したため勢力を弱めた。
- During the period of Yoshiteru, they exclusively controlled the shogunate government with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who increased in power after the decline of the Hosokawa clan, but later the Ise clan conflicted with Nagayoshi and lost their position, weakening their power.
- その間朝鮮王朝の圧政に苦しんでいた民衆は景福宮や奴婢の身分台帳を保管していた掌隷院などに放火し消失させた。
- During the battle, Korean people who had been suffering under their tyrannical dynasty burned the Gyeongbokgung Palace and changnye won, which kept the register of slaves, and turned them into ashes.
- 秀吉は秀長を通じて戸次川の戦いで嫡男信親を失った長宗我部元親に大隅一国を与えようとしたが、元親は固辞した。
- Hideyoshi intended to provide the whole Osumi Province to Motochika CHOSOKABE who lost his heir Nobuchika in the Battle of Hetsugigawa, but Motochika firmly declined the offer.
- 生野での挙兵はあっけなく失敗したが、この挙兵は天誅組の挙兵とともに明治維新の導火線となったと評価されている。
- Raising an army quickly failed, but this army as well as the army of Tenchugumi, are appraised for being a trigger for the Meiji Restoration.
- その後当日もしくは数日後に、焼けただれ(これを「失」と称する)の少ない者の主張が正しいと判断する方法である。
- Then, on the same day or a few days later, the claimant who suffered a less severe scald (it was referred to as 'shitsu' [fault]) would be judged to be right.
- 875年に起こった黄巣の乱以降、唐は統一中国を治める能力を失い、各地の地方勢力である藩鎮が自立傾向を示した。
- After the Koso War in 875, Tang lost power to a unified China and Hanchin, local forces in various places showed the independent trends.
- 焚書や経年劣化などで歴史上に失われた文書が多いことを鑑みれば、資料が残っている分まだマシな面があるといえる。
- Considering the fact that many documents in history were lost due to burning and aging deterioration, it can be said that existing documents are better than nothing at all.
- 合戦を勝利に導いたにもかかわらず失脚させられた義経は、西国武士を結集して鎌倉政権に対抗しようとしたのである。
- Yoshitsune, who was forced to lose his position even though he had won the victory in various battles, tried to mobilize the warriors in western Japan to confront the Kamakura Administration.
- 和装産業は京都を代表する産業であり、西陣はその中心地として繁栄したが、和装離れにより活気がやや失われている。
- The kimono industry has been one of the leading industries in Kyoto, and Nishijin prospered as the center of the industry; due to the declining demand for kimono, however, Nishijin has also started to decline slightly.
- その後、瀬田廃寺(大津市神領)にうつり、焼失の後、820年(弘仁11年)に国昌寺跡(大津市国分)に移された。
- Afterwards, the provincial monastery and nunnery was transferred to Seta Ruin Temple (Jinryo, Otsu City) and then it was transferred to the site of Kokusho-ji Temple in 820 after Seta Ruin Temple was burned down,
- この説は1970年代にかなりの支持を得たが、天皇家側の動機や藤原氏の台頭時期に疑問が投げられ、勢いを失った。
- This theory gained a considerable support in 1970's, however, the motives of the Emperor's family side and the time of emergence of the Fujiwara clan in the theory were not convincing, and therefore, it had lost its power.
- (このとき土岐氏の嫡流を譲ったとされるが、江戸崎土岐氏もまた豊臣秀吉の小田原の陣に際し領地を失い滅亡した)。
- (On this occasion, Yorinari is said to have handed over the status as the main branch of the family to the Edosaki-Toki clan, however, the Edosaki-Toki clan also lost its territories at Odawara no Jin (The Siege of Odawara) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and was destroyed.
- また、華族の銀行と呼ばれた十五銀行が1927年(昭和2)4月21日に破綻した際には多くの華族が財産を失った。
- In addition, Jugo Bank, called the bank for kazoku, collapsed on April 21, 1927, and many kazoku lost their financial assets.
- 6月27日 (旧暦)(7月16日)、当主を失った織田氏の後継者を決定する会議が清洲城で開かれた(清洲会議)。
- On July 26, a conference was held in Kiyosu-jo Castle to determine the successor of the Oda clan, which had lost its leader (the Kiyosu conference).
- この事件で幼少の頃からの側近を失った桃園天皇は一条ら摂関家の振舞いに反発を抱き、天皇と摂関家の対立が激化する。
- The Emperor Momozono, who lost the close advisors he had had since his childhood, was offended at the actions of the Sekkan-ke, such as ICHIJO, which resulted in escalated confrontation between the Emperor and the Sekkan-ke.
- 秋田藩では大館城と横手城(共に戊辰戦争で焼失)が対象外となり、久保田城と合わせて合計3城を持つことを許された。
- In the Akita Domain, Odate-jo Castle and Yokote-jo Castle (both were burnt down in the Boshin War) were exception to disposal, as a result, the domain was allowed to have three castles in total, which were the above-mentioned two castles along with Kubota-jo Castle.
- 小野妹子の返書紛失事件は『日本書紀』にはあるが『隋書』にはない(『隋書』には小野妹子の名前自体が出てこない)。
- Nishonshoki mentions the story that ONO no Imoko lost the sovereign's reply, but 'Suishu' does not ('Suishu' does not even mention ONO no Imoko).
- 江戸時代には江戸幕府が武士の薙刀所持を禁止した事により行き場を一時無くすが、女子の武芸とする事で喪失を免れた。
- Although it temporally disappeared due to the order issued by Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) which banned samurai to carry the naginata during Edo period, it came back as a martial art for women.
- 秀吉の朝鮮出兵は失敗に終わり、徳川将軍家が支配する江戸時代になると、「天下」は日本列島に限る意味で用いられた。
- The Hideyoshi's dispatch of troops to Korea ended in failure, and in the Edo period when the Tokugawa Shogun family ruled Japan, the term 'Tenka' was used in only referring to the Japanese archipelago.
- 『大須観音本』と『楊守敬旧蔵本』の二つの写本があるが、いずれも冒頭部分が失われており、本来の題名はわからない。
- Two manuscripts are extant, the 'Osukannon bon' and the 'Yang Shoujing kyuzobon' (so named because it was once owned by Yang Shoujing), but the beginning sections of both manuscripts have been lost, and consequently, the original titles cannot be verified.
- かつて、『源氏物語』には、現在の『源氏物語』には存在しないいくつかの「失われた巻々」が存在したとする説がある。
- There is a view that once 'The Tale of Genji' had some 'lost chapters' that are not found in the present 'Tale of Genji.'
- この戦いで対延暦寺戦で大敗を喫した殿原衆は権力を失墜させて逆に全人衆は彼らと対等な発言力を獲得する事になった。
- Tonobara-shu, who suffered a crushing defeat in the battle, lost power while Zenjin-shu made their power as influential as that of Tonobara-shu.
- 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
- The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.
- 勝元は義政から義就追討令を出させようとするが、義政夫人の日野富子が事情を察知して宗全に情報を漏らして失敗する。
- Katsumoto intended to have Yoshimasa issue an order to hunt down and dispose of Yoshinari, but Yoshimasa's wife Tomiko HINO sensed the circumstances and prevented his scheme by intentionally leaking the information to Sozen.
- 建春門院という仲介者を失ったことで、人事を巡り高倉を擁する平氏と後白河院を擁する院近臣勢力は相争うことになる。
- Losing a mediator in Kenshunmonin, the Taira clan, who supported Takakura, and the group of aides who supported Goshirakawa began to fight over position appointments.
- ただ、この事件が初めから源高明の失脚を目指していたことは明白で、これが藤原氏による最後の他氏排斥事件となった。
- However, this incident clearly aimed at ousting MINAMOTO no Takaakira from the start, and became the last case of ostracism against other clans by the Fujiwara clan.
- しかし朝鮮中期以降は初期と比べて短命であるとか、傍系承統で峰位であり賃金が相対的に高かったため王権が失墜した。
- However, sovereignty dropped because life got shorter in the middle period of Korean dynasty compared to the early period, the collateral line succeeded to the throne and the wage was relatively high.
- しかし、1911年(明治44年)に喜田が南北朝正閏論で職を失うと、同種の性格を持つこの論争も冷水を浴びせられた。
- However, when Kida lost his job due to Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty) in 1911, the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement or Shosei theory similar to that argument was also criticized.
- それによって陰陽師の身分もなくなる事になり、陰陽師たちは庇護を失い転職するか、独自の宗教活動をするようになった。
- This deprived Onmyoji of their social status, and Onmyoji, who lost patronage, changed jobs, or went into their own religious activities.
- 2度の討伐失敗、翌明応2年(1493年)に細川政元が将軍・義材を廃した明応の政変により、幕府の権威は大きく失墜。
- Due to the failure in two campaigns for the suppression, and the Meio Coup in 1493 where Masamoto HOSOKAWA forced the Shogun Yoshiki to abdicate, the authority of the bakufu significantly reduced.
- この失敗に対する反省から、明治11年(1878年)に新たに郡区町村編制法が制定され、地方制度の見直しが図られた。
- Learning a lesson from the experience of the failed local system, the government established the act for the alignment of local government system in 1878 and the practice of the local system was reviewed.
- しかし結婚してみればただ幼いだけの女三宮に源氏は失望し、また女三宮降嫁に衝撃を受けた紫の上も苦悩の末病に倒れる。
- However, after he marries Onna San no Miya, he was disappointed to find that she was just a childish girl, and Murasaki no ue was also shocked by Onna San no Miya's marriage out of the royal family that she eventually becomes ill due to stress.
- そこで、元平はこの機を逃さず、萩藩の家老・毛利広政と共に元次を尋ねて最後の説得を試みたが、これも失敗に終わった。
- Therefore, without losing this opportunity, Motohira visited Mototsugu together with Hiromasa MORI, a chief retainer at the Hagi domain, and tried to persuade him the last time, but failed again.
- 長州藩は会津藩と薩摩藩による宮中クーデターである八月十八日の政変で失脚し、朝廷では公武合体派が主流となっていた。
- The Choshu clan was overthrown by the Aizu and Satsuma clans in a coup on August 18th, and the Shogunate-Imperial faction became the mainstream in the imperial court.
- その欠片の一部は市内の公民館敷地内に保存されたとはいえ、戦争当時の様子を伝えるものがまた一つ失われたともいえる。
- Although part of the scraps have been conserved on the community hall premises, the removal of the airport also meant that one more item which represented the war was lost.
- しかし、鉄道や道路などの陸運網が発達していくにつれ、利用価値が次第に薄れていき、運河としての機能を失っていった。
- As the land transportation network including railroads and roadways developed, the Nishitakase-gawa River gradually lost its usefulness and function as a canal.
- この強訴では、重盛の兵が神輿を射るという失態を犯したことで延暦寺側に有利に事が運び、師高の配流で一旦は決着する。
- During this direct petition, Shigemori's forces made a mistake when they shot an arrow at a portable shrine, which led to an advantage for the Enryaku-ji Temple side and was settled temporarily by Morotake's exile.
- 実資の日記『小右記』には、万寿2年2月28日 (旧暦)(1027年)に親王邸が火事で焼失した事が記録されている。
- 'Shoyuki' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) recorded that Imperial Prince Akinari's residence burned down in a fire on March 30, 1025.
- 蔚山、泗川、順天への攻勢を退けた日本軍であったが、既に秀吉は8月に死去しており戦争を継続する意義は失われていた。
- The Japanese army repulsed attacks to Ulsan, Sacheon, and Suncheon, but, since Hideyoshi had already died in October, the significance of continuing the war had been lost.
- 1945年(昭和20年)に創設されたが、1946年(昭和21年)に朝鮮・台湾の統治権を失ったことにより廃止された。
- This system was established in 1945 but was abolished in 1946 when Japan lost the sovereignity of Korea and Taiwan.
- そのため、石山合戦以降は宗教の非武装化がより一層加速され、宗教団体が独立性を失い政権の統制下に置かれる事となった。
- After the Ishiyama War, therefore, demilitarization of religious powers accelerated, and the religious groups lost their independence and were put under the control of the administration.
- その後、井上が条約改正に失敗し、外務大臣を辞任(1887年)したため、官庁集中計画そのものが頓挫することになった。
- After that, Inoue resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs (in 1887) due to his failure in the treaty revision; this caused to set back the government offices centralizing plan.
- 明治維新後、初めて藩という呼称が公式に使用されたが、廃藩置県で藩が消失するまでのわずか2年程度の行政区名称である。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the name 'han' was officially used, but only for about two years as a public administration name, until han were cleared under Haihan-chiken.
- もうひとつは、合戦は総大将頼俊が遠征途中で失脚したため、事実上遠征は中止され、成果は中途半端に終わったとするもの。
- The other theory assumes that the expedition was called off because of the downfall of the supreme commander Yoritoshi, therefore the expedition was half-finished.
- 失った釣針や猟具を追って異郷を訪問し、これを手に入れてから持ち主に復讐するという形式の説話は、世界各地に見られる。
- Legends that take the form of visiting a foreign land by chasing a lost fishing hook or a hunting tool and getting one's revenge on the owner by finding and obtaining these items can be found in various places throughout the world.
- 道行は草薙剣を持って祖国の新羅に渡ろうとしたが、嵐により果たせず失敗に終わったとする点は『日本書紀』と同じである。
- It is the same as the description in 'Nihon Shoki' that although Dogyo tried to come back to his homeland Silla carrying the Kusanagi no tsurugi with him, the storm prevented him from doing so.
- ここにおいて、徳川家の納地は「政府之御用途」のため供するという表現となり、慶喜に対する処分的な色彩は全く失われた。
- The resolution went as soft as saying that the Tokugawa land shall be returned to the Imperial court as 'for the government use', completely losing the aspect of giving a reprimand to Yoshinobu.
- 幕末の混乱した政局の中、第15代将軍徳川慶喜は朝廷に統治権を返上する大政奉還を行い、倒幕運動の大義名分を失わせた。
- Amid political turmoil, at the end of the Edo period, the 15th Shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned political power to the Imperial Court (Taisei Hokan), and diminished the legitimate reason for the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- また、承久の乱以後の朝廷の衰退は皇位継承を巡る自己解決能力をも失わせ、結果的に幕府を否応無しに巻き込む事になった。
- Also fall of the Imperial Court after the Jokyu Rebellion resulted in losing its ability to solve the imperial succession crisis and consequently it entangled the bakufu without any choice.
- 大和は興福寺の所領が充満していて、これまで国検をしようとしても神人・悪僧の抵抗によりことごとく失敗に終わっていた。
- Yamato was riddled with territories under the control of Kofuku-ji Temple, and up until that point in time all attempts by the central government to conduct inspections (land surveys, etc.) of the province had run into stiff opposition from the clergy and from evil monks, and each and every attempt had failed.
- 秀吉は翌慶長4年(1599年)の攻勢計画を発表していたが、秀吉が8月18日に死去すると戦役を続ける意義は失われた。
- Although Hideyoshi announced the plan of attack during the next year, 1599, Hideyoshi died on October 7 and the significance of continuing the war disappeared.
- しかし、家臣明智光秀の信長への謀反、いわゆる本能寺の変後まもなくして何らかの原因によって焼失、その後廃城となった。
- However, it was burnt down for some unknown reason soon after the rebellion against Nobunaga ODA plotted by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI in 1582, which is called 'Honno-ji Temple Incident' (raid on the Honno-ji Temple), becoming an abandoned castle.
- 失敗した場合は日本軍を引き付けて、順次ハルビンまで後退して、補給線の延びきった日本軍を殲滅するという戦略に変わる。
- In the event of failure, they would switch their strategy and engage Japanese forces as they purposely fell back towards Harbin, in a bid to eliminate Japanese forces by overextending their supply-lines.
- これらの強硬意見の背景には、廃藩置県によって失業した40万~50万人に上る士族の不満のはけ口を探していたことがある。
- Behind those hard-line ideas was the fact that they were seeking a vent for dissatisfaction of 40 to 50 thousand warriors who had lost their position because of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures).
- さらに5月9日、鵬翼隊二・五番中隊、干城隊四番中隊、その他諸隊は佐敷方面湯ノ浦の官軍を攻めたが失敗し大野に退却した。
- Furthermore, on May 9, the Satsuma army including the 2nd and 5th companies of the Hoyoku-tai troop, the 4th company of the Kanjo-tai troop, and other troops attacked the government army at Yunoura in the Sashiki area, but failed to win and retreated to Ono.
- 三好氏は畿内における勢力を失い、四国における三好長治、三好康長、十河存保、安宅信康などの勢力が残存するのみとなった。
- The Miyoshi clan lost their power in the Kinai region and only Nagaharu MIYOSHI, Yasunaga MIYOSHI, Masayasu SOGO and Nobuyasa ATAGI remained to have power in the Shikoku region.
- 河井継之助の命運を尽かせたのは実は新政府軍の兵器ではなく、領民の一揆による抵抗による作戦好機の逸失であったと言える。
- In fact, it can be said that the failure of Tsugunosuke KAWAI was not caused by the weapons of the new government army but by the uprising in the territory which made him miss an opportunity to carry out his plan.
- 承久3年(1221年)後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗し、上皇は隠岐に配流される(承久の乱)。
- In 1221 the Retired Emperor Gotoba with a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province (Jokyu War).
- )これとは別に、茨木たちの切腹後隊で居場所を失い脱走をした(そもそも茨木たちの脱走を勧めたのは観柳斎と言われている。
- Aside from this, after those including IBARAKI committed Seppuku, Kanryusai TAKEDA who lost his place in Shinsengumi and deserted was also rejected by Goryo-eji.
- そして1615年、存保の遺児・十河存英や三好三人衆唯一の生き残り・三好政康が大坂の役で戦死し、復活の機会は失われた。
- And in 1615, Masahide SOGO who was the bereaved child of Masayasu and Masayasu MIYOSHI who was the only survivor among Miyoshi sanninshu died in the (Winter and Summer) Sieges of Osaka, and by this the chance of Miyoshi clan's resurgence disappeared.
- その息子土御門久脩(1560-1625)は若狭から戦乱の収束した都に一時戻ったが、豊臣秀次の自害に連座して失脚した。
- Arisue's son Hisanaga TSUCHIMIKADO (1560-1625) temporarily went back to the capital when the war cooled down, but fell from power because he was involved in the suicide of Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI.
- 一方島津軍は、この戦いに敗れれば日本軍の連携が崩壊し、多くの味方が逃げ場を失うことを強く認識していたものと思われる。
- On the other hand, the Shimazu army strongly recognized that if they lost this battle, the formation of Japanese army would crumble and many of their allies would lose their escape route.
- 朱子学は支配イデオロギーとなったが、それ故に体制擁護としての作用が肥大化し、かつての道徳主義の側面が失われていった。
- As Shushigaku became the dominant ideology, its function of protecting the regime became increasingly emphasized, and as a result, the element of moralism was getting lost.
- 定享は質素倹約や新田開発を主とした藩政改革を断行したが、効果が見込めず、また定享自身が若死にしたため、失敗に終わった。
- Reformations based mainly on scrimping and saving along with development of new fields were carried out by Sadamichi, although these turned out unsuccessful and failed after all when Sadamichi died young.
- 文永の役における蒙古軍の撤退に関して、日本側の史料には一夜明けると蒙古船が消失していた事実が記されているのみとされる。
- Concerning the withdrawal of the Mongol army, Japanese historical materials only state the fact that the Mongol fleet disappeared the next morning.
- しかし、大伴氏の力はまだ失われておらず、飛鳥時代の大化の改新の後、649年に大伴長徳(ながとこ)が右大臣になっている。
- Despite conflict, the Otomo clan maintained its influence, and OTOMO no Nagatoko was promoted to Udaijin (Minister of the Right) after the Taika Reforms in the Asuka Period.
- しかし、度重なる西欧列強との戦争によって、次々と朝貢国を喪失していき華夷秩序を維持することは事実上困難となっていった。
- However, it became impossible because the Qing dynasty continuously lost its chokokoku after several wars between Western countries.
- 「日本映画史に残る大失敗作」「大佛が作家としての自身のキャリアに自ら疵を付けた」と酷評された程の悲惨な結果に終わった。
- It came to a miserable end when it was severely criticized as 'the flop that would go down in Japanese movie history,' or 'Osaragi stained his own career as a writer.'
- その後、1945年5月25日の空襲によって焼失し、翌年12月13日に新しい宮殿が再建されて6日後に貞明皇后が移られた。
- Later, it was burnt down by the air raid on May 25, 1945 and a new residence was rebuilt on December 13 of the following year, where Empress Teimei moved six days later.
- 江戸城という精神的支柱を失った幕臣たちの中にも、榎本の艦隊とともに北上し、戊辰戦争を戦い続ける者たちも少なくなかった。
- Among the shogunate vassals who lost their psychological 'backbone,' at Edo-jo Castle, many joined the fleet of Enomoto and went north; this allowed them to participate in the future battles of the Boshin Civil War.
- 1379年には斯波氏のクーデターで細川頼之が失脚させられる康暦の政変と呼ばれる政変が起き、後任には斯波義将が就任する。
- But in 1379, the Shiba clan launched a coup d'etat, which came to be called the Koryaku Coup, and as a result Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA lost his influence, replaced as Kanrei by Yoshimasa SHIBA.
- 義俊は家中の信望を失っており、1622年(元和 (日本)8年)、最上氏は騒動を理由に幕命により改易されることとなった。
- Yoshitoshi lost the confidence of his family members and the Mogami clan was deprived of his fief for the reason of the trouble by the order of the bakufu in 1622.
- その一方、多くの朝鮮人捕虜が戦役で失われた国内の労働力を補うために使役され、また奴隷として海外に売られたこともあった。
- On the other hand, many Korean captives were roped into working as replacements of lost domestic labor for the war and some were sold overseas as slaves.
- 根来寺炎上の原因については、根来側による自焼説、秀吉による焼き討ち説と兵士による命令によらない放火または失火説がある。
- As to the reason for the burning of Negoro-ji Temple, there is a theory that the people there set burned it by themselves, and another that Hideyoshi ordered it set ablaze and another that a soldier set fire without any order or by negligence.
- 特に12月の戸次川の戦いにおいて、仙石秀久を軍監とする豊臣方は長宗我部信親、十河存保などの有力武将を失う大敗を喫した。
- Especially in the Battle of Hetsugigawa in December, Toyotomi's side led by Hidehisa SENGOKU, Assistant Deputy General suffered a crushing defeat losing powerful busho (Japanese military commanders) including Nobuchika CHOSOKABE and Masayasu SOGO.
- 秀吉方は信長落命によって秀吉が後ろ盾を失った状態であることを毛利方に知られないように徹底的に信長落命の事実を隠匿した。
- Hideyoshi held a thorough cover-up of the fact that Nobunaga had died, trying not to let the Mori clan know that Hedeyoshi had no backing after Nobunaga's death.
- ロシア軍の司令官アレクセイ・クロパトキン大将は全軍を撤退させ、日本軍は遼陽を占領したもののロシア軍の撃破には失敗した。
- The attack prompted General Aleksei Kuropatkin, the commander of the Russian Army to order a full-scale retreat enabling Japanese forces to occupy Liaoyang, but the Japanese failed to annhilate Russian forces.
- 享保期の評定所が提出した書上は、享保2年(1717年)評定所が火事で消失した後のものであり、再検討を要するものであろう。
- The document submitted by the Hyojosho in the Kyoho era should be reviewed because it was made after the Hyojosho had burned down in 1717.
- だが折から澎湃として沸き起こった尊王攘夷運動の志士たちから反撥を受け、坂下門外の変により安藤が失脚、公武合体は頓挫する。
- However, royalists in the movement of 'Sonno Joi' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), which was then rising like a flood tide, went against 'kobu-gattai,' and some of them attacked Ando in the Sakashita Mongai Incident, so Ando lost his position and 'kobu-gattai' came to a sudden stop.
- この後、江藤新平によって失脚に追い込まれていた山縣有朋と井上馨は西郷、江藤らの辞任後しばらくしてから公職に復帰を果たす。
- After this, Kaoru INOUE and Aritomo YAMAGATA who had been forced into downfall by Shinpei ETO made a comeback to the public position some time after SAIGO and ETO's resignation.
- 一方、日本政府と国内世論は士族反乱や立憲制確立を巡る議論に注目が移り、かつての征韓派も朝鮮問題への関心を失いつつあった。
- Meanwhile, the attention of the Japanese government and domestic public opinion shifted to the issues that related to the Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and establishment of constitutional system, and gradually former Seikan-ha were losing their interest on Korean issues.
- また、軍部が政府決定や方針を無視して暴走を始め、非難に対してはこの権利を行使され政府はそれを止める手段を失うことになる。
- The military began to do reckless things ignoring the decision and policy of the government and exercised its rights against the blames, so that the government lost the resources to stop it.
- 日清戦争から始まって戊戌の変法の失敗、そして辛亥革命による清朝打倒に至る大きな流れの一つとしても位置づけることができる。
- It could be positioned in one of big currents from the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War, through failure in the Hundred Days of Reform to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by the Chinese revolution.
- 神武東征の折り、ナガスネヒコ誅伐に失敗し、熊野山中で危機に陥った時、高倉下が神武天皇の下に持参した劔がふつみたまである。
- On the Jinmu tosei (Eastern expedition of the Emperor Jinmu), when the emperor failed to kill Nagasunehiko and was beleaguered in the Mount Kumano, Takakuraji presented the Futsumitama sword to the Emperor Jinmu.
- 朝廷は大仏が支えを失い崩れることを懸念して反対していたが、重源は、実際に修理にあたる立場を利用して実力行使したのである。
- Concerned that the Great Buddha might collapse by losing its support, the Imperial Court opposed the removal, but Chogen resorted to force, using his position to take the lead in the repair work.
- 薩摩藩の大久保利通・小松清廉・西郷隆盛らは、5月の四侯会議の失敗から、従来の公議体制路線を改め、武力倒幕路線に転換する。
- Learning from the failure of Shiko-kaigi (four major lords' meeting) in May, Toshimichi OKUBO, Kiyokado KOMATSU and Takamori SAIGO from Satsuma Domain gave up the traditional parliamentary regime policy and shifted their policy to overthrowing the Shogunate by military power.
- 昭和になると、運河の機能を失った堀は、汚泥を掬い上げる「川ざわえ」が廃れ、川底にヘドロが堆積し、悪臭を放つようになった。
- In the Showa Period, the practice of 'kawa-zawae (river dredging)' to remove sludge disappeared with the decline of Hachiman-bori's importance as a canal and resulted in sludge sedimentation on the canal bed and foul odor in the area.
- 同盟軍も奪還を試みたが失敗に終わり、白河口へ兵力が集中した隙を衝かれ二本松城も落城し新政府軍は会津へと進行路を確保した。
- The allied forces attempted to recapture the castle, but in vain; on the other hand, the new government's forces seized Nihonmatsu Castle while the allied forces deployed their troops heavily concentrated their troops at Shirakawaguchi, gaining access to Aizu.
- 信長の死の報をいち早く入手し、備中高松城への攻城戦包囲により殆ど戦力を失っていなかった事から事前に変を知っていたとする。
- As Hideyoshi obtained information on Nobunaga's death very quickly and he had not lost his military power by enveloping attack of the Takamatsu-jo Castle in Bicchu Province, it is said that he must have known about the Honnoji Incident in advance.
- だが、九十九王子を成立せしめた中世熊野詣の先達たちの影響力は近世にはすでに失われて久しく、九十九王子も既に退転していた。
- However, the influence of the pilgrims who started visiting Kujuku Oji in the Muromachi period already disappeared during the early-modern period, and even the shrines of Kujuku Oji were declining.
- しかし、『日本書紀』の系図一巻が失われたために正確な系譜が書けず、『上宮記』逸文によって辛うじて状況を知ることが出来る。
- An accurate genealogy cannot be created because a roll of family tree in 'Nihonshoki' has been lost, and we can barely know the circumstances at the time from the surviving fragment of 'Joguki'.
- しかし、義種の後を継いだ斯波満種が1414年に将軍足利義持の怒りを買って高野山に蟄居させられると、加賀守護の座を失った。
- However, when Mitsutane SHIBA, a successor of Yoshitane, offended Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in 1414 and was placed under house arrest in Mt. Koya, he lost the position of the Shugo of Kaga Province.
- すでにこの前年には、家康と並び称された親豊臣派の大老・前田利家が病死しており、五奉行の石田三成ら反家康派も失脚していた。
- One year earlier, the chief minister, Toshiie MAEDA who had belonged to the TOYOTOMI faction and been ranked with Ieyasu, died from an illness, and the anti-Ieyasu faction including Mitsunari ISHIDA, one of the five commissioners (administrative organ of feudal Japan established by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), fell from power.
- この地震による被害は、広範囲に及び、2年前の北但馬地震で大打撃を受けた城崎町でも、火災により2,300戸以上が焼失した。
- The damage by the quake extended across a large area, including Kinosaki-cho, which had suffered severe damage in the Northern Tajima Earthquake 2 years previously and once again 2,300 households or more were lost to fire in the Northern Tango Earthquake.
- 重定の時代に奉行制度などの藩政が確立したが、第3代藩主・稲垣定享の時代には江戸の大火で上下両屋敷が焼失して出費が相次いだ。
- While the governance over the domain was established by Shigesada through measures including the implementation of a bugyo (magistrate) system, the domain's finance was loaded with heavy recovery expenses due to the Great Fire of Edo which broke out during the rule of the third lord Sadamichi INAGAKI, destroying both the domain's kamiyashiki (daimyo's main residence) and shimoyashiki (suburban residence) in Edo.
- 9月10日、松方に大命が降下したものの、以前の第1次松方内閣のときの帝国議会対策での失敗もあり組閣も順調とはいかなかった。
- Although the imperial command was given to MATSUKATA on September 10, organization of the Cabinet did not progress smoothly due to failure in measures against Imperial Diet in the previous First MATSUKATA Cabinet.
- 遠征軍の主力が出羽清原氏によると見られることから、実質上の総大将は清原貞衡で、源頼俊の失脚はそれほど影響が無かったと見る。
- In this theory, the main force of the expedition troops was assumed to be the group led by Kiyohara clan of Dewa Province, therefore the downfall of MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi did not affect the course of this war.
- 近年行われたアメリカの国勢調査によると、日系人の特徴として「高所得」、「高学歴」、「低失業率」、「低貧困率」が挙げられる。
- According to a recent American census, 'high income,' 'high education,' 'low unemployment rate,' and 'low poverty rate,' are considered characteristics of Japanese Americans.
- 飛鳥井女君の失踪に衝撃を受けた狭衣は、頑なに女二宮との結婚を拒絶していたが、ある時彼女を見初めて寝室に押し入り強引に契る。
- Sagoromo is shocked by the disappearance of Asukai Onnagimi and obstinately refuses to marry Onna Ninomiya but falls in love with her at first sight, breaks into her bedroom and forces himself upon her.
- 更に神火による正倉焼失などに反映される地方政治の腐敗も深刻化して、各地の正税は急速に不足するようになった(「正税用尽」)。
- Besides, the corruption of local governments became more critical as reflected on the shoso burned out by sacred flame, therefore, shozei in each province was running short rapidly ('Shozei yojin').
- 5代勝岑が2歳で夭折すると跡目を失い断絶となるが、名門の家柄が惜しまれ勝成の孫である勝長が跡目を継ぎ家名の存続が許された。
- Five generations after Katsumine MIZUNO died young at the age of two, the family line was lost due to the absence of an heir; however, as many people missed them because the Mizuno clan was renowned, Katsunaga, a grandson of Katsunari, was allowed to succeed to the family and maintain their family name.
- 世子時代の明暦3年(1657年)には明暦の大火で小石川藩邸が焼失して駒込別邸へ移り、ここで史局を開発し編纂事業を開始する。
- Mitsukuni moved to a villa in Komagome because a mansion in Koishikawa was burned down by Great fire of Meireki in 1657 and he set up a department to compile the history there.
- 一方、外国商人側も文禄・慶長の役の失敗や関ヶ原の戦いの影響によって生じた日本の国内経済の混乱による販売不振に悩まされていた。
- Meanwhile, the foreign merchants' side also had suffered from sales slumps owing to the economic chaos in Japan which resulted from Japan's failure in the Bunroku-Keicho War and the effects of the Battle of Sekigahara.
- また、山科焼失の前年に大小一揆と呼ばれる本願寺一門内の内戦を大坂で起こしており、現地の門徒の間には本願寺への不信感があった。
- Meanwhile, in Osaka, a battle inside Hongan-ji Temple called the Daisho Ikki had occurred in the previous year of the battle in Yamashina and so there had been distrust of Hongan-ji Temple among believers there.
- この書は本来、幕末に将軍徳川慶喜の命でその訳していたもので、ほどなくして起こった鳥羽・伏見の戦いの最中に紛失したものだった。
- Nishi translated the book under the order from Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA but it was lost during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, which occurred soon after the order.
- 死亡者の家には跡目相続が認められたが、直弼の護衛に失敗した生存者に対しては、2年後の1862年(文久2年)に処分が下された。
- Although the families of the deceased received their inheritance, the survivors of those who had failed to protect Naosuke were punished in 1862, two years after the incident.
- これらの戦いでは織田方の被害も決して軽微なものとはいえず、信長の実弟織田信治をはじめ森可成・坂井政尚などの古参諸将を失った。
- In these battles, the damage at Oda side was not minor one, and senior warlords including Nobunaga's younger brother Nobuharu ODA, Yoshinari MORI and Masanao SAKAI were killed.
- 「新撰姓氏禄」には、ところどころ「日本紀合」という記述があるが、これは失われた系図部分と照合したものであると考えられている。
- In 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (New Selection and Record of Hereditary Titles and Family Names) there are some descriptions of '日本紀合' (Nihongi go) which is thought to be the part verified by the lost part of the genealogy.
- この地方という考えは儀式としての相撲における土俵(古来四角であった)に現れていたが、現在ではその特性を失われ円になっている。
- The concept of Chiho (rectangular ground) was represented in the dohyo (ring) (which was rectangular in old times) of sumo as a ritual, but it shapes round today as it has lost the original meaning.
- また、田沼意次と一旦は手を組みながら後にこれを失脚させた一橋治済の政治的野心(大御所政治)への不安があったとも言われている。
- It was also said that there was the angst regarding the political ambitions (Ogosho politics) of Harusada HITOTSUBASHI who joined forces with Okitsugu TANUMA once, and later brought down Harusada.
- また、大伴金村は任那4県を賄賂と引き換えに割譲したことではなく、彼ら庶兄を推したために後継者争いに敗れて失脚したと主張した。
- Also Kuroiwa insisted that OTOMO no Kanamura lost his position not because he ceded four provinces in Mimana for exchange of bribe but because he failed in the fight on deciding the successor by recommending these illegitimate older half-brothers of him.
- この際、信長の嫡男で織田氏の当主であった織田信忠も二条城で討たれたため、政権の中核となるべき人物を失った織田政権は崩壊する。
- Since Nobutada ODA who was a legitimate son of Nobunaga and the family head of the Oda clan was also killed in Nijo-jo Castle, the Oda regime lost the leaders and collapsed.
- しかし、この上田での遅延だけでなく道中の悪天候も災いして、遂に9月15日の関ヶ原本戦に遅参するという大失態を犯してしまった。
- However, not only this delay at Ueda, but also bad weather along the way caused harm, and he made a cataclysmic gaffe to be late for the main battle of Sekigahara on October 21.
- ただし、当日の他行・不参、石の取り出し及び棚への安置の失敗による取り落としなどがあれば、直ちに「失あり」とされて敗訴となった。
- However, if on the day of the trial, the claimant went out somewhere else, did not attend the trial, failed to take out the stone, or place it on the altar by dropping it, he would be considered to be 'at fault' and lose the suit immediately.
- 頼るところは最早人心のみ」と述べながら、北京陥落後あっさり義和団を切り捨てた清朝・西太后の姿勢は大きな失望を一般民衆に与えた。
- All we can rely on now is the heart of the people,' but she simply cut ties with the Boxers after the fall of Beijing, and commoners lost trust in the attitude of the Empress and the Qing dynasty.
- 古田博司は、昭和の陸軍が現実感を失った組織になってしまった理由について、儒教化とりわけ朱子学化したからだとの所説を述べている。
- Hiroshi FURUTA expressed his opinion that the reason why the army in the Showa period became an organization that lost its sense of reality was the commitment to Confucianism, especially the commitment to Neo-Confucianism.
- 第二次征伐の失敗によって幕府の武力が張子の虎であることが知れ渡ると同時に長州藩と薩摩藩への干渉能力がほぼ無くなる結果を招いた。
- The failure of the second conquest made it public knowledge that the military power of the bakufu was a paper tiger, and as a result, the bakufu had almost lost the power to interfere in the Choshu Domain and the Satsuma Domain.
- しかし、886年に源信_(公卿)(みなもと の まこと)の失脚を図った応天門の変に絡んでいることが判明し、伊豆国に流罪になる。
- However, it was revealed that he was involved in the Otenmon Incident that plotted to oust MINAMOTO no Makoto in 886, and he was exiled to Izu Province.
- 蜂起の目的は、暴力行為を行わず(下記「軍律」参照)、高利貸や役所の帳簿を滅失し、租税の軽減等につき政府に請願することであった。
- The purpose of the uprising was to make an petition for the abrogation of account books to usurers and public offices and tax reduction to the government without taking violent actions (see Martial Law below).
- 何らかの意図があったわけではないが、もともと存在していた「輝く日の宮」が写本を作る段階で脱落するなどしてある時期から失われた。
- It was lost at some point because the existing 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' was missing when copying manuscripts or for similar reasons, although this was not done intentionally.
- 大江氏は菅原道真の失脚後に飛躍し、「聖代」とされている村上朝には匡衡の祖父にあたる維時や一族の朝綱らが儒家の中心的存在となる。
- The OE clan made a leap forward after SUGAWARA no Michizane's downfall, and the clan including Koretoki and Asatsuna became a pillar of Confucianists in 'Seidai' (great imperial prince's time), the Emperor Murakami's era.
- 孤立した天皇は長和3年(1014年)、失明寸前の眼病にかかり、いよいよ政務に支障が出てこれを理由に道長はしばしば譲位を迫った。
- In 1014, the Emperor, who became isolated, developed an illness of the eyes that almost made him lose his eyesight, and it finally became difficult for him to conduct affairs of the state, and Michinaga used this as an excuse to urge the Emperor to pass on his throne.
- 古注や古系図の中にはしばしば現在見られない巻名や人名が見えるため、「輝く日の宮」のような失われた巻が他にもあるとする説がある。
- The fact that chapter names and characters that cannot be seen today are repeatedly mentioned in this ancient commentary and in early editions of the work suggests that the chapter Kakayahi no Miya might still be in existence.
- また、高野参詣道をめぐって村上・山陰が指摘するとおり近世の巡礼では参詣道をたどること自体に信仰上の意味がしばしば失われている。
- As 'Murakami Sanin' pointed out in an article concerning the pilgrimage road to Mt. Koya, during the early-modern period, most pilgrims did not appreciate the religious significance of just walking pilgrimage roads.
- 治暦4年(あるいは、康治2年)、内裏焼亡のとき、灰燼に帰し、他の剣をもってこれにかえたが、承久の乱でふたたび紛失し、新鋳した。
- In 1068 (or 1143) when the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire, this sword was reduced to ashes and was replaced by another sword; however, since the replaced sword was lost again when the Jokyu War occurred, a new sword was forged.
- このように六角氏は六角義賢・義治父子の時代に大きく衰退し、1568年、織田信長率いる上洛軍と戦って敗れ、領国を失うことになる。
- As mentioned above, the Rokkaku clan was greatly weakened during the period of Yoshikata ROKKAKU and his son, Yoshiharu, and in 1568 the clan was defeated by the Joraku army led by Nobunaga ODA, losing its territory.
- 1575年長篠の戦いに敗北、信玄時代からの重臣を失うと一挙に衰退し、1582年織田信長に攻め込まれて滅亡した(天目山の戦い)。
- The clan declined in one stroke when it was defeated in the Battle of Nagashino and lost senior vassals who had served from the era of Shingen, and it was eventually ruined in 1575 by the attack of Nobunaga ODA (the Battle of Tenmokuzan).
- 家康はこれに対して天正13年(1585年)に軍を送り上田城を攻撃させたが、真田勢の反撃によって失敗に終わっている(上田合戦)。
- Ieyasu dispatched an army to attack Ueda-jo Castle in 1585, which failed due to a counterattack by Sanada (the Battle of Ueda).
- 慶長3年(1598年)に豊臣秀吉が死去すると、翌年3月の前田利家の死去、石田三成の失脚を経て、徳川家康の権力がますます増大した。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA gained more power after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1598, the death of Toshiie MAEDA in March of the following year, and the downfall of Mitsunari ISHIDA.
- 『水鏡』は、「10月には大友皇子を東宮に立てた」、「天智天皇10年12月3日に失せたため、同5日に大友王子が位を継いだ」とする。
- 'Mizu Kagami' says that 'Prince Otomo was appointed as togu in October' and 'since the emperor died on December 3, in the 10th year of Emperor Tenchi, Prince Otomo succeeded the throne on December 5'.
- 相手は権力者のみの義賊だったため、当時は豊臣政権が圧政や朝鮮出兵の失敗で嫌われていた事もあり、庶民のヒーロー的存在になっていた。
- He became a hero among the commoners because he was a thief who targeted only the powerful people, and also because of political pressure under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who was very unpopular due to his failure in trying to invade Korea.
- 父・藤原為時は30代に東宮の読書役を始めとして、東宮が花山天皇になると蔵人、式部大丞と出世したが、花山天皇が出家すると失職した。
- Her father, FUJIWARA no Tametoki, obtained employment as a reader in Togu (the palace of the Crown Prince) while in his thirties, and when the Crown Prince became Emperor Kazan he was promoted to the post of kurodo (Chamberlain) and then to Shikibutaijo; however, when the Emperor became a priest, he lost his job.
- 天明8年(1788年)の京都の大火による焼失後、寛政2年(1790年)に再建されたのが、現存する冷泉家住宅(重要文化財)である。
- The Reizei family residence (an Important Cultural Property) that survives today was rebuilt in1790, two years after being destroyed by the Great Tenmei Fire of Kyoto (which occurred in 1788).
- 漕ぎ手を失った平氏軍は身動きが取れなくなって狼狽、そこを義経軍が攻めかかり、武勇の坂東武者たちが敵船に乗り移って白兵戦となった。
- Having lost their oarsmen and thus their means to direct their course, the Taira forces were thrown into confusion, and just then Yoshitsune's army made their attack; the brave among the east Japan soldiers boarded the enemy ships and engaged them in hand-to-hand fighting.
- こうして一品親王の重要性は急速に失われていき、天皇・あるいは外戚の庇護を受けた親王・内親王への待遇付与へと変質することになった。
- In this way, the importance of Ippon Shinno rapidly disappeared, and transformed to the treatment allowance to the imperial princes and princesses who were patronized by the emperor or maternal relatives.
- 以上から、信長の方面軍制度は、急激な勢力拡大を可能にしたが、同時に自分の首を絞めることとなったため、失敗したとも言えるのである。
- Therefore, it is safe to say that Nobunaga's regional army system was a failure, because it enabled him to extend his power but dug his own grave as well.
- これは退去を快しとしなかった教如方が火を付けたと噂されたが(『多門院日記』)、『信長公記』では織田方の過失による失火とされている。
- According to 'Tamonin Nikki' (Tamonin's Diary), it was rumored that someone from the Kyonyo side set fire to protest the leave while 'Shinchokoki' (Biography of Nobunaga ODA) says that this was an accidental fire by the Oda side.
- 那須信吾は中山忠光を逃すべく決死隊を編成して敵陣に突入して討ち死に、藤本鉄石も討ち死にし、負傷して失明していた松本奎堂は自刃した。
- Shingo NASU organized a death squad in order to make Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA flee, entered into an enemy camp and died in battle; Tesseki FUJIMOTO was also killed in battle; Keido MATSUMOTO who had lost eye sight from an injury committed suicide.
- しかし、この戦いの中で、一族の有力者であった三好政成、三好義賢などを失ったことから三好政権の前途に暗雲が見え隠れするようになった。
- However he lost Masanari MIYOSHI and Yoshikata MIYOSHI, who were both influential among his family, in this battle, so the Miyoshi's government had difficulties lying ahead..
- 『書紀』と『懐風藻』に「大友帝」とは書かれていないから、何らかの論証を経た結論と思われるが、本文が失われているので内容不明である。
- Since 'Emperor Otomo' was not found in 'Chronicles of Japan' and 'Kaifuso,' it was considered that the conclusion was made based on some proofs, but details were unknown because the text was lost.
- 結局、改革も人心収攬に失敗し、また尊号一件などにより家斉の不興を買ったことで、定信は改革わずか6年目にして失脚して老中を辞任する。
- In the end, his reforms failed to win the hearts of the people, and also earned Ienari's displeasure in 'Songo ikken' (Songo Incident) and others, so he resigned 'roju' after only six years from the start of his reforms.
- (なお、これについては故黒岩重吾は実際には即位していない安閑・宣化と欽明天皇の王位継承争いに巻き込まれて失脚したと主張していた。)
- (The late Jyugo KUROIWA claimed that Kanamura was brought down after his involvement in the succession conflict between Kinmei and the other two Emperors of Senka and Ankan who disputed his coronation.)
- しかしながら、吉野は承和の変で失脚し、その直後には緒嗣が亡くなる等の条件も重なり、以後は式家が再び政治の中枢に立つ事は無くなった。
- However, Yoshino lost his position during the Jowa Incident, and right after the downfall of Yoshino, Otsugu died, making Shikike step aside the center of the politics afterwards.
- これにより、討幕の名分を失わせるとともに、徳川家は天皇の下に一元化された政治の中枢に入り、引き続き実権を掌握する事を想定していた。
- Because of this move, whilst the anti-Shogunate group lost their justification to attack the Shogunate, the Tokugawa family intended to gain entry into the administration unified by the name of the Emperor and continue their control of power.
- なお出家から死までは作中には描かれず、本文の存在しない「雲隠」が源氏の死を暗示するのみであるとも、また本文は失われたとも言われる。
- The work contains no description regarding the time from his becoming a priest to his death, and the chapter of 'Kumogakure' (Vanished into the Clouds), which is suggestive of the death of Genji, but some say that the text was lost.
- そこで長女弘徽殿女御の元に行儀見習いへ出すことを決めたが、女御へ贈られた文も和歌も支離滅裂な出来で、女房たちの失笑を買うのだった。
- He decided to have her go to his oldest daughter, Kokiden no nyogo, the Emperor's consort, to learn good manners, but a letter and a waka poem she sent to Kokiden were nonsensical, causing the court ladies to snigger in contempt.
- 輝く日の宮(かがやくひのみや、かかやくひのみや)とは、『源氏物語』においてかつて存在したが失われてしまったとされる帖の巻名である。
- Kagayaku Hinomiya is the title of a chapter of 'The Tale of Genji' that is said to have once existed but was later lost.
- ただ、完璧の美である金閣が、消失することで物理的な儚さを終わらせ、精神的において永遠であらしめることに重大な価値を見出し実行した。
- He simply found it critically important to put an end to the physical frailty of the complete beauty of the Kinkaku, and thereby make the Kinkaku perpetual in spiritual meaning by its disappearance, and make this idea a reality.
- しかし源氏の失意時代には権力者を憚って、実父でありながら紫の上をも見捨てて源氏の不興を買い、源氏の復帰後は逆に冷たくあしらわれた。
- However, during Genji's dark days, by deserting Murasaki no ue, despite being her biological father, Hyobukyo no miya earned Genji's displeasure, and so was treated coolly after Genji's return.
- 『四十八巻伝』(勅伝)などによれば、9歳のとき、源内武者貞明の夜討によって父を失うが、その際の父の遺言によってあだ討ちを断念する。
- According to 'Shijuhachikan den' (Emperor's document), when he was 9 years old, he lost his father due to an attack at night by a warrior Sada-akira of Minamoto clan, but because of his father's final words he gave up his desire for a revenge.
- しかしながら、織田氏と毛利氏との衝突により采地を失い、のちに関ヶ原の戦いでの戦功によって徳川家の旗本として取り立てられた家である。
- However, its territory was lost when the Mori clan fought with the Oda clan, and the clan was picked as Hatamoto of the Tokugawa family, by its distinguished accomplishments in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 「治承四年十二月廿八日、興福寺と官兵との合戦の間、官兵処々に放火、猛火次第に東大興福両寺に飛び移り、寺中寺外ことごとく消失す」と。
- On January 22, 1181, during the battle between Kofuku-ji Temple and the government solders, the fires set here and there by the solders gradually grew fierce and spread to Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji Temples, where everything was destroyed by fire, as well as the outside of the temples.'
- 失明するほどの艱難辛苦の末にやっと、鑑真が唐から難波にたどり着いたのは、大仏開眼の一年後の、天平勝宝5年(753年)のことである。
- It was in 753, one year after the ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha, that Jianzhen (Ganjin) arrived at Naniwa from Tang, suffering so many hardships and trouble that it caused him to become blind.
- しかしこのような官印の規定は、律令制の弛緩とともに中央省庁や国府などの律令行政機関が支配力を失ったことにより、次第に崩れていった。
- The rules of kanin gradually collapsed while the control of the administrative agencies under the ritsuryo system, such as the central and local government agencies, weakened as the ritsuryo system was loosening.
- わけても定家本は巻末の2面を臨摸しており、原本が失われた今となっては貫之の文字遣いを知ることの出来る極めて貴重な存在となっている。
- Above all, Teikabon includes two-page writing (following the model) at the end of the book, and it came to be very important in order to know Tsurayuki's diction today, since the original is lost.
- 南北朝時代 には鞆の浦沖から鞆にかけての地域で北朝と南朝との合戦(鞆合戦)が幾度もあり、静観寺五重塔などの貴重な文化財が失われた。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, many battles (Tomo kassen) were fought between the Northern Court and the Southern Court in an area covering the sea off Tomonoura and the town of Tomo, thereby destroying invaluable cultural properties such as a five-storey pagoda of Seikan-ji Temple.
- 直後の4月28日、「太郎焼亡」と称される大火が発生、大極殿および関白松殿基房以下13人の公卿の邸宅が焼失して、人々に衝撃を与えた。
- Soon after, on June 3, an extensive fire referred to as 'Taro Shobo' broke out and shocked the people as it burned down the Daigoku-den Palace and housing complexes of 13 aristocrats including Motofusa MATSUDONO (chief adviser to the Emperor).
- 皇族以外の女子で親王妃又は王妃となった者が、その夫を失って未亡人(寡婦)となったときは、本人の意思により、皇族の身分を離脱できる。
- When a woman not of Imperial background marries an Imperial Prince or Prince and is later widowed, she may, at her own will, renounce her Imperial status.
- 中世には山陵が荒廃して所伝を失い、元禄時代の探陵に諸説生じ慈明寺町のスイセン塚古墳(前方後円墳、墳丘長55m)があてられたりした。
- In the Medieval Ages, the mausoleum on the mountain was devastated and the records about it handed down until then lost and therefore, the search for the mausoleum during the Genroku Era produced many opinions including one asserting that the Suisenzuka tumulus (a tumulus which is a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound and is 55 meters long) in Jimyoji-cho was the mausoleum and, later on, the above mausoleum was presumed to be the actual one.
- 直弼は能楽好きで知られ、当時失伝していた「狸腹鼓」を復曲(俗称「彦根狸」)したり「鬼ヶ宿」を自作したりしては正虎に演じさせていた。
- Naosuke was a well-known Noh lover and he reproduced 'Tanuki no Harazutsumi' (a Kyogen story about a hunter and a raccoon dog, commonly called 'Hikone tanuki') that had been lost at that time, also wrote 'Onigayado' (a Kyogen story of a drunk and his lover) and got Masatora to perform it.
- これによって二重政権は解消され、豊臣政権は再び秀吉のもとに一元化されるが、政権の正統性の拠り所である関白職は豊臣宗家から失われた。
- By Hidetsugu's death, the dual government was dissolved and the Toyotomi administration was unified again under Hideyoshi, however, the head family of TOYOTOMI lost the post of Kanpaku, by which the government could justify itself.
- 秀吉がこの政治機構を定めたのは、家康に対する牽制の意味もあったと言われているが、結果的にみてそれは失敗に終わったと言えるのである。
- While it is said that Hideyoshi established that political structure partly because he wanted to contain Ieyasu, Hideyoshi's intentions seemed to have resulted in failure.
- しかし、直後に京での政変が伝えられ、挙兵の大義名分が失われた上に天誅組が暴徒と決め付けられ追討の命が下されたことを知り、愕然とする。
- Immediately after that, however, the news of political change in Kyoto was conveyed to HIRANO; he was shocked to know that the just cause for raising an army was lost, now Tenchu-gumi was labeled as a mob, and the order to hunt down and kill the group was issued.
- いっぽう板垣は参議就任により、愛国社創立運動の失敗を招いたため、自由民権派から背信行為を厳しく糾弾され、釈明に追われることとなった。
- On the other hand, Itagaki's assumption of office as Sangi caused the movement of the formation of Aikokusha (literally, the Society of Patriots) to fail, so he was severely criticized by the Jiyu Minken fraction for his betrayal and pressed to offer vindication.
- 他にも『歴聖図像』4軸や『今上起居注』45冊、方賓『皇宋会編』(宋版)、呉応箕『十七朝聖藻集』(明版)など貴重な秘蔵文書が消失した。
- Valuable treasured documents such as four scrolls of '歴聖図像,' 45 volumes of '今上起居注,''皇宋会編' written by 方賓 (sohan (wooden print made during Song dynasty)), '十七朝聖藻集' (明版) by 呉応箕 also disappeared.
- (富樫満成がかけられた義持妻妾との密通容疑は後に別件で失脚した同じく義持側近の赤松持貞に対しても容疑としてかけられたものであった。)
- (Both Mitsunari TOGASHI and Mochisada AKAMATSU, close attendants of Yoshimochi, were accused of adultery with a wife of Yoshimochi, and AKAMATSU received his downfall related to another case later.)
- 卜部兼右本 1540年写 第3~30巻 - 1525年に吉田家前当主の卜部兼満が家に火を放って出奔した際に卜部家伝来の本も焼失した。
- The original copy that Kanemigi URABE copied in 1540, the 3 to 30th volumes: when Kanemitsu URABE, the former head of the Yoshida family, set the house on fire and ran away in 1525, hereditary books of the Urabe family were also burnt down.
- 独創性を失った当時の俳諧を憂い『蕉風回帰』を唱え、絵画用語である『離俗論』を句に適用した天明調の俳諧を確立させた中心的な人物である。
- Distressed by the lack of originality in the Haikai of the time, he promoted a return to Basho's style. He was instrumental in establishing the Tenmyou style that applied the concept of 'departure from the ordinary' used in painting and poetry.
- 道長は三条天皇とも叔父・甥の関係にあったが、早くに母后超子を失い成人してから即位した天皇と道長の連帯意識は薄く、天皇は親政を望んだ。
- Michinaga and Emperor Sanjo were uncle and nephew, but there was a little sense of common bonds between them because the Emperor lost his mother, Empress Choshi/Toko, while he was young and because he was enthroned after he became an adult and the Emperor wanted rule himself.
- 後醍醐専制による建武の新政が次第に支持を失っていく中、東下して中先代の乱を鎮圧した後、鎌倉に留まり独自の政権を樹立する構えを見せた。
- While the despotic Kenmu restoration by Emperor Go-Daigo had been losing support, Takauji traveled to the east to suppress the Nakasendai Rebellion, and stayed in Kamakura to try to build his own government.
- 一般的に弥生時代の遺跡では、2世紀にはいると北九州の優位性は失われるため、多くの考古学者が九州説に与し得ない理由の一つとなっている。
- Since the predominance of northern Kyushu is generally vanishing in the 2nd century in remains during the Yayoi Period, this is one of the reasons why many archeologists can't agree with the Kyushu theory.
- しかし、日本軍により全羅道西岸が制圧されると朝鮮水軍は制海権を失い、李舜臣も全羅道北端まで後退し、日本水軍は全羅道西岸まで進出した。
- However, the Korean navy lost naval supremacy after the west coast of Jeolla Province was conquered and Yi Sun-sin also retreated to the northern border of Jeolla Province and the Japanese navy advanced to the west coast of Jeolla Province.
- 信友は織田信長の軍に破れ処刑され、武田氏は信玄以来の西上作戦を実行する拠点を失い、逆に美濃からの織田氏の脅威にさらされることになる。
- Since Nobutomo was defeated by Nobunaga ODA's army and executed, the Takeda clan lost a base that they had held since the time of Lord Shingen to conquer areas to the west of their territory, and was instead exposed to the threat of the Oda clan in Mino Province.
- 更に藤田は長州藩と図り、東西で一斉に挙兵して幕府に攘夷を迫る計画を立てるが、これは時期尚早であると耕雲斎に諌められ失敗に終わっている。
- Furthermore, Fujita, together with the Choshu Domain, planned to force the bakufu to conduct the expulsion of foreigners by raising armies in Kyoto and Edo at the same time, but Kounsai persuaded them not to execute this since the timing was not right, and it ended up in failure.
- 今津から香椎までの海岸線に築かれた元寇防塁であったが、江戸時代の福岡城築城の際に、石垣の石として防塁の大半が失われたと考えられている。
- Genko borui was constructed along the coastline from Imazu to Kashii, but when Fukuoka-jo Castle was built in the Edo period, most of borui was lost, because it was used as stones for the stone wall.
- 薩軍本隊は大畑などで大口方面の雷撃隊と組んで戦線を構築し、官軍のさらなる南下を防ごうとしたが失敗し、堀切峠を越えて、飯野へと退却した。
- The main force of the Satsuma army tried to build the battlefronts in Ohata and other places in cooperation with the Raigeki-tai troop in the Oguchi area to prevent the government army from further advancing southward, but failed and retreated to Iino over the Horikiri-toge Pass.
- 万治4年1月15日 (旧暦)(1661年2月14日)、再度の内裏火災で残された蔵書の多くが焼失したが、別に安置した副本は被害を免れた。
- On February 14, 1661, again the fire in dairi burned the remained books and documents, but the duplicates in the other places remained safe.
- 一条家と関係の深かった西園寺公経(能保の娘婿)・持明院保家(能保の従兄弟・猶子)・源隆保の3名の公卿・官人も出仕を止められて失脚した。
- The trio (court nobles and government officers) of Kintsune SAIONJI (Yoshiyasu's son-in-law), Yasuie JIMYOIN (Yoshiyasu's cousin and adopted son) and MINAMOTO no Takayasu, all of whom had a close relationship with the Ichijo family, were prohibited from entering the Imperial court and lost their power.
- その後、義経が頼朝に許されることは無く、頼朝との対立が強まり、同年10月に後白河法皇に奏上して頼朝追討の宣旨を出させて挙兵するが失敗。
- Thereafter, Yoshitsune did not obtain Yoritomo's forgiveness, and their faceoff grew worse, until in November, Yoshitsune went to attend the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, who issued an Imperial decree that Yoritomo be hunted down and killed, whereupon Yoshitsune raised an army, but was defeated.
- 狂気の父冷泉はもちろん、政治に関心を失い、信仰にのめりこむ一方で、遊興と漁色にふけることも忘れない兄花山もまったく頼りにならなかった。
- Neither his father Reizei, who was mad, nor his older brother Kazan, who had lost interest in politics and dabbled in religion, but also enjoyed taking pleasures and philandering, were able to offer any support.
- また、義満は有力守護大名の弱体化を図り、康暦元年(1379年)、細川氏と斯波氏の対立を利用して管領細川頼之を失脚させた(康暦の政変)。
- Moreover, Yoshimitsu was also bent on weakening the most powerful of the shugo daimyo, and in 1379, he skillfully exploited the conflict between the Hoskawa and Siba families to engineer the overthrow of the powerful Kanrei, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA (in what became known as the Koryaku coup).
- 幕末の当主・今川範叙は、高家として官軍との講和、江戸城の開城に尽力するが、明治維新後家禄を失って没落し、嫡子・今川淑人にも先立たれた。
- The family head at the end of Edo Period, Norinobu IMAGAWA, made efforts as koke to make peace with the government army and surrender Edo-jo Castle, but he lost his fief and fell after the Meiji Restoration and his first legitimate son Yoshito IMAGAWA died before him.
- しかし、明暦の大火による江戸の消失と再建、佐渡島佐渡金山からの金採掘の減少、諸物価に対する米価の下落は、幕府財政を逼迫することとなった。
- However, the bakufu began having serious financial problems starting from the reconstruction of Edo city, which was burnt down due to the Great Fire in the Meireki era, to the decline of gold produced from Sado Gold Mine in the Sadoga-shima Island, and the comparative fall of the rice price against the prices of other commodities.
- 肺を病んだ「私」は得体の知れない不安に始終苛まれ、それまで関心を持っていた音楽や詩、文具店の丸善への興味を失い、当てもなくさまよい歩く。
- I,' the protagonist, had lung disease and always suffered from an illogical anxiety, and losing interest in the things 'I' used to enjoy, such as music, poems, and 'my' favorite stationery store Maruzen, then wandering aimlessly around the city.
- こうした中、永禄5年(1562年)には、長慶と手を結び幕政を壟断していた旧政所執事の伊勢貞孝が失脚し、反乱を起こすも長慶の手で討たれた。
- Under these conditions, Sadataka ISE, who had held power over the shogunate with Nagayoshi (Chokei), lost his position as regent of the old Mandokoro and rose in revolt only to be defeated by Nagayoshi (Chokei).
- その後、半世紀近くも師家は官職に就く事が出来ずに失意の日々を過ごした(ちなみに師家は甥にあたる道元を養子に迎えようとして失敗している)。
- Moroie was subsequently unable to take an official post for close to half century, and spent his life in disappointment (he also failed in attempt to adopt his nephew, Dogen).
- 一方、包囲側の明軍も最低でも数万以上と推測される大軍を長期間展開するだけの食糧は無かった上に、島津軍の奇襲によって食料庫を焼失している。
- On the other hand, Ming army with at least several ten thousand soldiers that surrounded the castle lacked food required to move the huge army and lost the food warehouse from the surprise attack of Shimazu army.
- 最終的には筒井氏・越智氏の援軍によって一向一揆は奈良から追われたものの、本願寺は面目を失墜して奈良の永代禁制を受け入れざるを得なくなった。
- In the end, the Ikko-Ikki army was expelled from Nara by the reinforcements of the Tsutsui and Ochi clans, but Hongan-ji Temple lost its prestige and could not avoid accepting the permanent prohibition of entering Nara.
- その後、米国は熾烈な南北戦争に突入し、日本や清に対する影響力を失い、これらの国は結局、イギリスやフランス、ロシアが勢力を拡大してしまった。
- Soon after, the United States entered into a fierce Civil War and lost much of its influence over both Japan and the Qing Dynasty, which allowed Britain, France, and Russia to expand their power in Asia.
- 一度は織田を共通の敵とする三好三人衆の助勢を得て撃退するも、翌年には箕作城を攻められ落城することになり、同時に観音寺城周辺の地盤も失った。
- Although Rokkaku clan once defeated back ODA with support by Miyoshi Sanninshu (Miyoshi Triumvirate) who were also opposed to ODA, the next year Mitsukuri Castle was attacked to fall, and Rokkaku clan also lost their footing around Kannonji Castle.
- しかし、その後の台湾出兵の発生と大院君失脚の報によって征韓論の勢いが弱まったために、明治政府は政府間交渉をして相手の状況をみることとした。
- However, because Seikanron lost its momentum due to the occurrence of the Taiwan expedition and the downfall of Heungseon Daewongun in Korea, the Meiji Government decided to observe Korea's condition.
- これらの政策は一般には受け入れられるが、禄税の使途や地域格差があるなかの一律施行に対する不満や、就業の失敗による混乱を危惧する意見も出る。
- This policy was accepted by most of the people, but some people disagreed with a usage of tax money, and some complained about a flat tax amount which ignored regional disparities, and some were afraid of social disruption caused by warriors who failed in getting a job.
- のちに宮中の天叢雲剣は入水した安徳天皇とともに失われるが、『平家物語』は、これを八岐大蛇が安徳天皇となって天叢雲剣を取り返しに来たとする。
- Later, the Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi Sword in the Imperial court was lost with the Emperor Antoku, who entered the water, so 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike) tells that Yamata no Orochi became the Emperor Antoku and came to take back the Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi Sword.
- 岩倉は襲撃者の攻撃により、眉の下と左腰に軽い負傷はしたものの、皇居の四ッ谷濠へ転落し、襲撃者達が岩倉の姿を見失ったため、一命を取り留めた。
- Iwakura was slightly injured below eyebrow and left hip by the attack, but survived because he fell off to Yotsuyago (a moat in Yotsuya) of the Imperial Palace, and the assailants lost the sight of him.
- 新貨幣生産を担うべき造幣局予定地の火災(明治2年11月)による設備の焼失や、市場に流通する偽金・不換紙幣の整理に時間を割かれたためである。
- It was because it took a lot of time to recover from the destruction of facilities by fire (in November 1869) at the planned site of Mint Bureau which was to produce new currencies, and to clean up fake money and inconvertible paper currencies circulating in the market.
- 20世紀に入って英訳、仏訳などにより欧米社会にも紹介され、『失われた時を求めて』など、20世紀文学との類似から高く評価されるようになった。
- In the twentieth century, English and French translations were introduced to Western countries, and it came to be evaluated highly in terms of its resemblance to twentieth-century literature such as 'Remembrance of Things Past,' by Proust.
- この制定の背景には、永禄6年(1563年)に起こった観音寺騒動により、権力拡大を目指していた六角氏が逆に権威を失墜させていたことがあった。
- Rokkakushi Shikimoku was established when the Rokkaku clan lost their authority despite their intention to increase their power because of the Kannonji family feud which broke out in 1563.
- 皇族の身分を離れた親王・王の子孫で他の皇族と結婚した女子が、その夫を失って未亡人となったときは、本人の意思により、皇族の身分を離脱できる。
- When a female descendant of an Imperial Prince or Prince who has renounced his Imperial status marries a member of the Imperial family and is later widowed, she may, at her own will, renounce her Imperial status.
- しかし、同母妹である軽大娘皇女(かるのおおいらつめ)と情を通じた(近親相姦)それが原因となって允恭天皇の崩御後に失脚、伊予の国へ流される。
- But he had an (incestuous) affair with his younger sister-uterine Karu no oiratsume and as a result, he was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo, and was deported to Iyo Province.
- しかし、鎌倉幕府が衰え、河内国南部に楠木正成に代表される伊予橘氏(越智氏)などの系統の在地豪族が台頭すると、それに圧倒されて勢力を失った。
- However, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell into a decline and the local powerful clans, such as the Iyotachibana clan (the Ochi clan) represented by Masashige KUSUNOKI, emerged in the Southern area of Kawachi Province, it began to lose its power, being overwhelmed by such new forces.
- 竹添進一郎在朝鮮公使など日本側の協力のもと、放火は失敗するものの概ね計画は順調に進み、閔泳翊ら閔氏一族を殺害、開化派が新政府樹立を宣言した。
- Since the plan generally went smoothly in cooperation with Japan, headed by the Japanese ambassador to Korea Shinichiro TAKEZOE, in spite of the failure of the fire-setting, the Progressive Party killed the Min family including Yeong-ik MIN and stated the establishment of a new government.
- 二度に及ぶ長州征伐が失敗に終わり、将軍家茂の病死によって慶喜が将軍となると、慶応3年(1867年)に、最後の改革となる慶応の改革が行われた。
- After the two Choshu Conquests ended in failure and Shogun Iemochi died from an illness, Yoshinobu became the next shogun and implemented in 1867 Keio Reforms, the last ones in the Edo period.
- 殉死を禁じる時代もあったが、それは殉死によって優秀な人材を喪失するのを避ける目的や、道徳に反することを恐れて禁ずる目的があったと考えられる。
- There was a time when junshi was prohibited, but it is thought that this prohibition was introduced to avoid the loss of valuable human resources or out of fear of offending public morality.
- 太政官布告として布告された本法は、その後も長らくこの状態を保っていたが、時間の経過につれ、次第にこの規定の実効性が喪失していくこととなった。
- This act introduced as edict of Grand Council of State remained intact for a long time after that, but lost its effectiveness gradually as time went by.
- この『新鞍馬天狗』で3度も煮え湯を飲まされる格好になった映画館サイドは、その損失補填を理由に大佛にアラカンの鞍馬天狗の復活を強硬に要求した。
- The movie theater owners who had lost huge sums of money three times over 'Shin Kurama Tengu' strongly demanded from Osaragi the revival of Arakan as Kurama Tengu to compensate for their damages.
- 大政奉還直前の1867年、徳川慶喜は山城国一国23万石を禁裏御料として献上する事で朝廷との関係をつなぎ止めようとするが、失敗に終わっている。
- In1867, just before the Taisei Hokan (the transfer of power back to the Emperor), Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA attempted unsuccessfully to reestablish a connection with the Imperial Court through 230,000 koku of Imperial property.
- だが、そうした公事宿・公事師の中には悪質な者も存在しており、そうした公事宿・公事師に騙されて却って財産を失うケースも頻発して人々を苦しめた。
- However, there were also some bad kujiyado and kujishi, and they often caused distress to people by cheating and taking away their property.
- 信雄は清洲会議にて織田家の跡継ぎに推されなかった(他家に養子に出ていたこともあるが、度々失態を犯すなど暗愚であったことも大きいと思われる)。
- Nobukatsu was not nominated in the Kiyosu conference to the heir of the Oda family (It was partly because that he had been adopted by the other family, but the fact he had repeatedly committed mistakes was also a important factor.).
- 将軍職を解任され、建武政権における発言力をも失っていた護良親王は武力による尊氏打倒を考えていたとされ、10月には拘束され、鎌倉へ配流される。
- Dismissed from his position as Shogun and having lost his influence over the Kenmu administration, Imperial Prince Morinaga was accused of plotting to overthrow Takauji through force of arms, so in the tenth month he was seized and exiled to Kamakura.
- この乱の後、西洋的方法を視野に入れた政治改革の必要を認識した西太后は、かつて自らが失敗させた戊戌の変法を手本としたいわゆる光緒新政を開始した。
- Empress Dowager Cixi acknowledged the need for post-war political reform involving western techniques, and started the new Guangxu government based on the Hundred Days' Reform that she had previously made to fail.
- 仇教事件の頻発は、一般民衆の中に、西欧及びキリスト教への反感を醸成し、外国人に平身低頭せざるを得ない官僚・郷紳への失望感を拡大させたといえる。
- These frequent Kyukyo Incidents built antipathy toward Western Europe and Christianity and spread the loss of trust toward the bureaucracy and Kyoshin (those who worked under government officials), who were obliged to bow to the foreigners demands.
- そして閔妃派は一時、失脚するが数日で清国の力を得て巻き返し、同年12月、甲申政変を支援(内政干渉)した日本公使館が焼き討ちされる事件が起きる。
- The Queen Min group was overthrown temporarily but returned with China's backup and in December of the same year, the Japanese Legation was burnt down for helping the Gapsin Coup (interfering in domestic affairs).
- 具体的には封建社会において並存する「幕藩体制の倫理と武士階級の倫理の衝突」であり、近代日本においては「日本人のアイデンティティの喪失」である。
- In more concrete terms, it is 'a conflict between the ethics in the feudal system and in samurai hierarchy' which are present simultaneously in feudal society and it is 'a loss of identity as a Japanese person' in modern Japan.
- 確かに青表紙本や河内本が成立する以前に存在した写本は、すでに失われたと考えられる紫式部の自筆本等を含め、全てこの古伝本系別本ということになる。
- It is certain that all the manuscripts that appeared before completion of Aobyoshi-bon and Kawachi-bon, including the manuscripts in Murasaki Shikibu's own handwriting which have been considered already lost, belong to this old traditional line of Beppon.
- 特に東大寺は東大寺盧舎那仏像など主要建築物の殆どを失い、中心より離れた法華堂と二月堂・転害門・正倉院以外は全て灰燼に帰するなど大打撃を蒙った。
- Especially, Todai-ji Temple was given heavy damage; most of major buildings including the statue of Birushana Buddha were lost, and all but those apart from the center such as Hokke-do Hall, Nigatsudo Temple, Tengaimon (literally, 'the gate of shifting the evil') and Shoso-in Treasure Repository burned to the ground.
- のみならず、自動車道や林道の建設により、歴史的な景観は失われ、各種の遺跡のみならず道それ自体も忘れ去られる危機にさらされるようになっていった。
- Besides, historical sceneries were lost by the constructions of motor roads and forestry roads, and the things about Kohechi was approaching a serious crisis as people forgot not only various relics along the road but also the road itself.
- 久光は大久保利通等を遣わしこの騒ぎを抑えようと試みたが失敗したため、彼らの同志である尊王派藩士を派遣して藩邸に呼び戻し、自ら説得しようとした。
- Hisamitsu attempted to suppress this disturbance by sending Toshimichi OKUBO, who failed; then, he sent retainers from the royalists, comrades of the rebels, to bring them to the domain residence, so that he himself could dissuade them from partaking in the raid.
- 大伴金村と物部尾輿を連(おおむらじ)とし、蘇我稲目を大臣 (古代日本)(おおおみ)としたが、直後の540年(欽明天皇元年)大伴金村は失脚する。
- Although Emperor Kinmei assigned OTOMO no Kanamura and MONONOBE no Okoshi as Omuraji, and SOGA no Iname as Oomi, OTOMO no Kanamura lost his status of Omuraji in 540 and it was right after he was assigned that position.
- 第一皇女章子内親王出産の折には、周りの失望に天皇が「昔は女帝が立ったこともあるのだから」と言って威子を庇ったという話が『栄花物語』に見られる。
- When she delivered the first Imperial Princess Shoshi, according to 'Eiga Monogatari' (A tale of Flowering Fortunes), those around Kishi were disappointed and the Emperor stood up for her by saying 'the Empress used to exist in ancient times.'
- 彼らは親の世代の早世などによって保持する位階の上昇の機会を逸して京の貴族社会から脱落し、武功の勲功認定によって失地回復を図っていた者達であった。
- They had fallen out of aristocratic society in Kyoto because the early deaths of their parents had caused them to miss opportunitues for promotion, and they were trying to restore their status by making the Imperial Court recognize their military exploits as honourable deeds.
- 自治党(じちとう)とは、1888年から翌年にかけて井上馨が進めてきた町村長ら地方の名望家を集めて結成を構想した新党構想であるが、失敗に終わった。
- Jichi To was the idea of new political party formed by local renown men such as mayors of towns and villages promoted by Kaoru INOUE from 1888 to 1889 but failed in the end.
- 護良親王は征夷大将軍の職を望み、一時は補任するものの、1334年(建武 (日本)元年)に護良親王が失脚して鎌倉に幽閉されると将軍職も剥奪される。
- Imperial Prince Morinaga had desired the position of Seii taishogun, and was in fact temporarily appointed as Shogun, but in 1334 he lost his standing, was imprisoned in Kamakura, and was divested of his position as Shogun.
- 藩主の毛利敬親と子の毛利定広は国許へ謹慎を命じられて政治主導権を失っており、京や大坂に密かに潜伏した数名の長州尊攘派はにわかに行動を続けていた。
- The daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) of Choshu, Tadachika MORI, and his son Sadahiro MORI were ordered into house arrest in their hometown and lost their authority to lead politically, but in the capital and in Osaka, several Imperial loyalists from Choshu continued to work secretly to restore the Emperor to power.
- たとえば、江戸時代の後水尾天皇は、紫衣事件など、天皇の権威を失墜させる江戸幕府の行いに耐えかね、幼少の興子内親王(後の明正天皇)へ譲位を行った。
- For example, Emperor Gomizunoo in the Edo period was unable to endure the deeds of the Edo bakufu which eroded the authority of the emperor, like the Shie Incident (the great conflict between the shogunate and the Imperial Court), and abdicated the throne to an infant Princess Okiko (later Emperor Meisho).
- 東京都芝 (東京都港区)高輪の宮家本邸が空襲に遭わなかったため、土地の一部を売却して竹田編機という編物機械会社を設立し、事業に着手するが、失敗。
- As his Miyake Hontei (main residence) in Shiba Takanawa, Tokyo (Minato Ward, Tokyo) was not destroyed in air raids, he sold a part of the land, established a sawing machine company called Takeda Amiki, and started business, but failed.
- 仁徳天皇87年(399年)、兄履中天皇の婚約者黒媛を天皇の名をかたって犯してしまい、事の発覚を恐れて、天皇の宮殿を包囲、焼殺しようとするが失敗。
- In 399, he besieged the Emperor's palace, and tried to kill the Emperor for fear of being found out about pretending to be the Emperor and raping Kurohime who was the fiance of his older brother, Emperor Richu.
- 特に内蔵寮など自己に属していた官人の多くを失った壬生家の反発は強く、寛永11年(1634年)に出納平田職忠と官務壬生孝亮との間の相論に発展した。
- Especially, the Mibu family reacted sharply because their former subordinate officials, including those of the Palace Storehouse Bureau, were taken over by the Hirata family, which culminated in the dispute between 'suino' Mototada HIRATA and 'kanmu' Takasuke MIBU in 1634.
- 義平は変装して平清盛一族(平家)の支配する京都に密かに潜入し、京都に潜む父義朝のかつての郎党と共に清盛暗殺を企てるが失敗し捕らえられて殺される。
- Yoshihira in disguise sneaked into Kyoto which was ruled by the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori (Taira clan) and tried to assassinate Kiyomori with the help of the former followers of his father Yoshitomo hidden in Kyoto, but he failed, and was captured and killed.
- このような事情に伴い、明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)に廃藩置県が実施され、知藩事全員が失職して華族となり、その役目を終えた。
- Due to these circumstances, Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) were conducted on August 29, 1871, when all the Chihanji lost their positions and finished their roles to become the peerage.
- したがって2月21日から24日に至る薩軍の攻撃は悉く失敗しただけでなく、剽悍な士の多くがこの攻城戦で消耗して、24日以後は両軍の対峙状態に陥った。
- From February 21 to 24, the Satsuma army not only failed each and every attack on the castle but also had most of its fierce and cunning soldiers exhausted in the attack; after February 24, the both sides were involved in confrontation.
- また、武家台頭による下級貴族の没落もあり、朝臣は、序列付けの為の姓(かばね)としての意味を失ってしまい、公式文書で使う形式的なものになっていった。
- Also, with the fall of lower-ranked nobles due to the rise of the warrior class to power, Asomi lost its meaning in the sense of kabane used to rank status, and it became a formality which was used for official documents.
- また、記紀ともに現存の本文には見えない応神天皇から継体天皇に至る系譜についてもこの失われた「系図1巻」には書かれていたのではないかとする説がある。
- In addition, in another theory, the genealogy from the Emperor Ojin to the Emperor Keitai which is not seen in the existing texts of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki is regarded to have been written in this lost 'one volume of genealogy.'
- 上代特殊仮名遣のなかでも、『万葉集』・『日本書紀』の中ではすでに消失している2種類の「モ」の表記上の区別が、『古事記』には残存しているからである。
- Because distinction of two kinds of `mo' in writing in ancient special Kana usage that disappeared in the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) still remained in the 'Kojiki.'
- 3代将軍徳川家光時代の修史事業で、林羅山が編纂した『本朝編年録』は正保元年(1640年)に上梓されるが、明暦3年(1657年)の明暦の大火で焼失。
- A historiography project under the rule of the third shogun Iemitsu TOKUGAWA edited by Razan Hayashi was 'Honcho hennenroku' that was published in 1640 but lost in the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657.
- このことにより高野山から大股にかけての古道は大半が永久に失われ、熊野記念館の踏査報告1987の中に伝えられるだけの、記録上のものとなってしまった。
- However, at last most of old road from Mt. Koya to Omata was lost permanently and only the name remains in the investigation report of 1987 by the Kumano Kinenkan Museum.
- 足利義満は北小路室町(上京区)に花の御所と呼ばれる邸宅を建造し、応仁の乱で焼失するまで将軍家の在所となり、足利将軍は在所から「室町殿」と呼ばれた。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA built a residence called Hana no Gosho (literally, Flower Palace) in Kitakoji Muromachi (Kamigyo Ward), which was used as a residence by the Shogun family until it was burned down during to the Onin War, and Ashikaga Shogun were also called as 'Muromachi-dono' after the residence.
- 前者の他氏排斥としては、842年の承和の変において大伴氏・橘氏両氏及び藤原式家を、次いで866年の応天門の変において伴・紀氏両氏を失脚させている。
- As an example of the first method of ejecting other clans, he brought about the downfall of the Otomo and the Tachibana clans, along with the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, in the Jowa Incident of 842, and then the Tomo and Ki clans in the Otenmon Incident of 866.
- 室町幕府の2代将軍足利義詮の頃には守護同士が対立し、執事の細川清氏などは失脚した後に吉野朝廷に属して京都を奪還するなど幕政は不安定な状態にあった。
- During the reign of the Muromachi Shogunate's second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, a conflict had arisen among the group of shugo (Protectors), and after such men as the steward Kiyouji HOSOKAWA were driven out of power, they defected to the Southern Court at Yoshino, who managed to recapture Kyoto, which left the shogunate in a very unstable position.
- )この頃の上野氏は備中守護細川氏の下、石川氏・庄氏とともに備中守護代を務めて家格を誇っていたが、この両氏と異なり、早くに守護代の地位を失っている。
- In those days, the Ueno clan enjoyed prosperity by working as Shugodai (deputy military governor) together with the Ishikawa clan and the Sho clan under the supervision of the Hosokawa clan, the military governor of Bicchu, but unlike the other clans, the Ueno clan lost the post in early stage.
- 承久の乱以後は、朝廷は独自の軍事力を失って、幕府に対して従属的な立場に立たされることになり、ときには幕府の命令で天皇が任免される事態にまで至った。
- After the Jokyu War, the Imperial Court lost its military power and was subordinated to the bakufu, and this sometimes resulted in a situation where the Emperor was appointed upon orders from the bakufu.
- やがて吉田城 (三河国)を失陥、三河の支配権も喪失すると、同盟関係の武田氏からも侮られて、三国同盟の一方的破棄から武田氏による駿河侵攻に晒される。
- Soon he lost Yoshida-jo Castle (Mikawa Province) and lost the dominion of Mikawa, he was disregarded by the Takeda clan to which he allied, the tripartite alliance was renounced unilaterally, and Suruga was in danger of invasion by the Takeda clan.
- いずれにしても一揆勢は佐敷の北の八代城(現在の麦島城跡)を攻めたが失敗に終わり、加藤氏や肥後人吉城主相良氏の軍勢によって鎮圧され、国兼は死亡した。
- In any case, the rebel group, which unsuccessfully attacked the Yashiro-jo Castle (now in the remains of the Mugishima-jo Castle) north of Sashiki, was suppressed by the armies of the Kato clan and the Sagara clan which ruled the Higo Hitoyoshi-jo Castle, and the uprising ended in the death of Kunikane.
- 別所氏を滅ぼした三木合戦においては腹心の竹中重治(半兵衛)が陣没し、その他多くの将兵を失い、また上月城の戦いでは尼子勝久ら尼子氏の残党軍を失った。
- Hideyoshi also lost his right-hand man, Shigeharu, or Hanbei, TAKENAKA at the Battle of Miki, which put the Bessho clan to an end, while he lost the remnant troops of the Amago clan including Katsuhisa AMAGO at the Battle of Kozuki-jo Castle.
- 開拓使貫属は、開拓使に所属するが士族の身分を失わずに開拓に従事する者であり、身分が保障されるうえ移住に関しても資金調達の心配が無くなる身分である。
- Kanzoku of the Hokkaido Development Commission referred to a person who belonged to the Commission to be engaged in reclamation work but did not have to give up his or her social status as a warrior class and even given necessary funds for relocation.
- 1944年(昭和19年)には樺太からも1名選出されることになり、定員67人以内と改められたが、敗戦による樺太喪失によって一度も選出は行われなかった。
- In 1944, they decided to select one from Sakhalin to make the number to 67, but because of the loss of Sakhalin after the war, the election never took place.
- 江戸時代を通じて幕府の諸大名に対する絶対的な権力であった為、天保11年(1840年)の三方領地替えの失敗は、幕府権力の低下を象徴する出来事であった。
- Tenpo was the bakufu's absolute authority over all the daimyo during the Edo period, so the failure in 1840 of changing three daimyo's territories one another at the same time symbolized the diminishing authority of the bakufu.
- 江戸時代になると、中世末に一度没落し大名の地位を失った武士の家系などで、主に名主となって農村に残った旧臣たちに対して、官途状を発給する習慣が残った。
- After the Edo period, the custom remained among samurai families who once lost the position of daimyo during the end of mediaeval period to issue Kantojo mainly to their old retainer who stayed in villages.
- 「素晴らしい作品であるが、この『零』という表題では何人も容易に会得することが出来ないであろうから、甚だ失礼ながらこの方が良いのではないか」と言った。
- He said, 'This is a great work, but nobody can understand what it is about just by reading the title 'Rei,' and this would be a better title if I may be bold enough to suggest.'
- しかし、判官の行為に怒った横山庄司親子は、人食い馬と言われる荒馬の「鬼鹿毛(おにかげ)」に乗せ噛み殺さようと企てるなど、さまざまな計略を練るが失敗。
- However, Shoji YOKOYAMA and his son, who were enraged by Orugihangan's act, framed various plots including an attempt to entice him to ride a restive force called 'Onikage' known as a man-eating horse so that the horse would bite him to death, but in vain.
- この二箇所から上がった火で京都市街は「どんどん焼け」と呼ばれる大火に見舞われ、北は一条通から南は七条の真宗本廟に至る広い範囲の街区や社寺が焼失した。
- Because of the flames rising from these two places the neighborhoods and the entire city of Kyoto were struck by the great fire known as the 'don-don yake' (quick quick burning), in which everything between Ichijo avenue on the north all the way to the Main Mausoleum of the Shin (Pure Land) Sect (which refers to Higashi Hongan-ji temple) on Shichijo avenue to the south, a wide swath of land and many temples and shrines, were destroyed by fire.
- 貞治5年(1366年)、斯波高経が失脚すると征夷大将軍足利義詮は和義の子石橋棟義を抜擢して奥州管領斯波直持と吉良貞経と協力して吉良治家を追討させた。
- In 1366, after Takatsune SHIBA's downfall, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA ordered Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI, Kazuyoshi's son, to cooperate with the Oshu governor Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to search out and kill Haruie KIRA.
- 以後断続的ながら明治元年までの日記がほぼ原本のまま残され、特に延宝2年(1674年)以後の200年弱のうち欠失は10余年分と高い残存率を残している。
- After that date to 1868, the first year of the Meiji period, the diary remains almost in the original form, although intermittently lost; especially for a little less than 200 years after 1674, the diary mostly survived with only about ten years lost.
- 性文化を始め日本の土着文化を自ら潰し、失われてしまったものが少なくない(例えば今日、茶道を嗜む者はいるが、日常的にちょんまげをしている者はいない)。
- This has resulted in the Japanese throwing away their original native culture of the sexes on their own and they have lost quite a lot (for instance, some Japanese enjoy Japanese tea ceremony, but no Japanese men make a habit of wearing their hair in a topknot).
- これらの塔はそのほとんどが火災で焼失、或いは散逸し、2005年現在、法隆寺に4万数千基が残っているほかは、博物館や個人に数基所蔵されているのみである。
- Most of these pagodas have either been burnt in fires or have been scattered and lost; as of 2005, except for the 40,000-odd scrolls remaining in Horyu-ji Temple, only several of them are either kept in museums or are privately owned.
- 定頼の死後、後を継いだ六角義賢は、当時管領代となり、畿内に一大政権を築きつつあった三好長慶と抗争して、中央政界での勢力を拡大しようとしたがこれに失敗。
- After the death of Sadayori, his successor Yosikata ROKKAKU attacked Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who was then Kanrei-dai and started building up a strong political power in Kinai area and tried in vain to expand his strength among the national political arena.
- 治天下獲加多支鹵大王世奉事典曹人名无利弖八月中用大鉄釜并四尺廷刀八十練九十振三寸上好刊刀服此刀者長寿子孫洋々得□恩也不失其所統作刀者名伊太和書者張安也
- Under the reign of Wakatakeru no Okimi, there was a man who worked as a clerk; His name was Murite; During August, in the big iron pod, an imperial sword whose length is four shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm) ****; It was tempered eighty times, and swung ninety times; **** The one who has this sword will live long, and his descendants will flourish, being blessed; He will never lose his power; The one who makes a sword is Itawa, and the one who engraves inscription is Choan.
- 吉宗が御庭番を新設した理由としては、家康以来幕府に仕えてきた伊賀者、甲賀者が忍者としての機能を失い、間諜として使い物にならなくなったことがあげられる。
- Yoshimune created the position of oniwaban because people from Iga and Koga who had worked for the bakufu since Ieyasu era, no longer functioned as ninja and secret agents.
- 刑事に関する事項が失効していることは争いはないが、民事に関する事項について現在でも効力が残っているか、残っているとしてその範囲等については争いがある。
- While it is widely accepted that provisions with regard to criminal proceedings have lost effect, there are disputes over whether the Fukoku remains valid related to civil disputes, and if so, which are the provisions remaining in effect.
- 無罪判決となるも、提出物は裁判が終了してもすぐに返還がかなわず、それら原本は太平洋戦争中の空襲により『吉備津彦命兵法之巻』などを焼失したとされている。
- Although a decision of 'not guilty' was obtained, the submitted materials were not returned immediately after the conclusion of the trial and the original documents such as '吉備津彦命兵法之巻' were were reportedly destroyed by firebecause of air raids during the Pacific War.
- また義経の性急な壇ノ浦での攻撃で、安徳天皇や平時子を自殺に追い込み、朝廷との取引材料と成り得た宝剣を紛失した事は頼朝の戦後構想を破壊するものであった。
- Yoshitsune's precipitous attack at Dannoura lead Emperor Antoku and TAIRA no Tokiko to commit suicide and the disappearance of Hoken (treasured sword), which could have been a good instrument to use for negotiating with the Imperial court, and as a result, destroyed the post-war initiative that Yoritomo had conceived.
- 最近、土器の焼成失敗品や、強い熱を受けたために器壁が薄くはじけるように割れた土器に注目して、大規模な集落で土器が集中的に生産された可能性が提起された。
- Recently earthenware of firing failure and earthware with a cracked surface from high temperature are being studied and the possibility of intensive earthenware manufacturing in large-scale settlements were raised.
- これは政務への関心を失った義隆が守護代に軍事を一任したため、彼らと任地における国人の癒着を強めさせ、かえって守護代の軍事力を増強させていたからである。
- This was because Yoshitaka who lost interest in government affairs left military affairs to Shugodai (deputy military governors), which enhanced collusion between them and local lords at their duty stations and military forces of Shugodai.
- 第二次世界大戦後に死刑に失敗(生き返った)した死刑囚にアメリカ合衆国のウィリー・フランシス(enWillie Francis1929年生まれ)がいる。
- Willie Francis (born in 1929) of the United States of America was a condemned who failed the execution (resuscitation after an execution) after WWII.
- それに対し、岩倉が「帝は不世出の英主であり、今日のことはすべて天皇のご決断である。それを幼い天皇とは妄言である」と論駁したため、容堂が失言を謝罪した。
- Iwakura refuted this, saying 'The Emperor is a rare and distinguished monarch and today's incident is all what he approved. It is absurd to call him amateur,' so Yodo apologized his inappropriate comment.
- 康暦の政変(こうりゃくのせいへん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年(1379年)に室町幕府の管領・細川頼之が失脚した政変である。
- The Koryaku Coup was a coup d'etat that occurred in 1379 (the fifth year of Tenju (Southern)/first year of Koryaku (Northern)) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), in which the Kanrei, or deputy (de facto leader) of the Muromachi Shogunate, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, was overthrown and lost his position.
- しかし義達が今川氏親に敗れ遠江国奪還に失敗し、斯波義統が年少で当主となると、以後は織田氏の力が更に強まり、守護である斯波氏を完全に凌駕するようになる。
- When Yoshitatsu was defeated by Ujichika IMAGAWA and failed to recapture Totomi Province and Yoshimune SHIBA became the family head in early life, the Oda clan extended its influence further and completely surpassed the Shiba clan, the Shugo.
- 暫く三竦みの状態が続いたが、直義の失脚により直冬が九州を去ると、勢力を伸ばした懐良親王は武光・16代菊池武政菊池武澄等の働きによって大宰府を攻略した。
- There was a three-way deadlock for a while, but Tadafuyu left Kyushu due to Naoyoshi's falling, the Imperial Prince Kanenaga, who extended his influence, conquered Dazaifu with the support of the members of the Kikuchi clan, such as Takemitsu, Takemasa (the 16th head) and Takezumi.
- 下冷泉家も、家系的には全く劣るものではなかったが、戦国時代に別所氏によって当主が殺され、所領を失ったことが後々官位にも響き、明治期の爵位の差となった。
- This difference in title was not due to any inferiority in terms of ancestry on the part of the Shimo Reizei family; rather, the murder of the family head by the Bessho clan and the loss of land in the period of Warring States subsequently affected their official rank in the Meiji Period.
- 第3軍 (日本軍)は旅順攻囲戦を続行中であったが、旅順要塞に対する10月26日からの第二回総攻撃は失敗し、11月26日からの第三回総攻撃も苦戦に陥る。
- The IJA Third Army was still laying siege to Lushun, but failed to failed in its second all-out offensive against the Lushun Fortress on October 26th, and failed again in its third consecutive assault on the fortress commenced on November 26th.
- 井伊死後、老中の久世広周(関宿藩主)・安藤信正(磐城平藩主)らが幕政を主導し、失墜した幕府の権力を復活させるため、朝廷との提携(公武合体)を模索する。
- After the death of Ii, Hirokane KUZE (the lord of the Sekiyado clan) and Nobumasa ANDO (the lord of the Iwakitaira clan), both senior councilors, led the government, trying to unite the Imperial Court and the Shogunate (kobu-gattai [integration of the imperial court and the shogunate]), in order to restore the power of the bakufu government.
- やがて西郷隆盛の下野と西南戦争での死、紀尾井坂の変での大久保利通の暗殺によって薩摩閥は勢いを失い、実質的に伊藤博文や山縣有朋ら長州閥の一人勝ちとなった。
- Then Satsuma clique lost its momentum after Takamori SAIGO went into opposition and died in Seinan War and Toshimichi OKUBO was assassinated in Kioizaka Incident, so Choshu clique including Hirobumi ITO and Aritomo YAMAGATA virtually reigned supreme.
- 大野九郎兵衛は実は逃げたわけではなく、大石が失敗した時に備えた第二陣の大将であり、米沢藩へ逃げ込むであろう吉良を待ちうけて山形県の板谷峠に潜伏していた。
- As a matter of fact, Kurobei ONO did not run away but stayed at Itaya Ridge in Yamagata Prefecture as a leader of the second troop to catch Kira in case Oishi was unsuccessful, since they thought he would be escaping to Yonezawa Domain.
- 同年に建国された唐は628年に国内を統一した後、二代太宗 (唐)・高宗 (唐)の時に高句麗を3度(644年~648年)にわたって攻めたが隋同様失敗した。
- The Tang Dynasty, which was founded in the same year, went on to attack Kyoguryo three times (644 - 648) during the periods ruled by Taiso (Tang) and Gao Zong (Tang) after brining the nation under control in 628, but following the same fate as the Sui Dynasty, they failed.
- これは日本人として初めてのノーベル賞受賞であり、このニュースは敗戦・占領下で自信を失っていた日本国民に大きな力を与えたとされ、フィーバーを巻き起こした。
- He was the first Japanese to win the Novel Prize, so his feat excited the Japanese nation which had lost its confidence through its defeat in the Second World War and subsequent occupation.
- 栄西は承元2年(1208年)に落雷によって失われた法勝寺九重塔の再建にかかりきりだったため、東大寺への重要な働きをしたのは、三代目大勧進の行勇であった。
- As Eisai put much effort into reconstruction of the nine-story pagoda of Hossho-ji Temple, which was destroyed due to a stroke of lightning in 1208, it was Gyoyu, the third great fund raiser, that worked hard for Todai-ji Temple.
- 御仮床又は入御之節は、国務大臣御内儀に於て拝謁被仰付事 但書面又は出仕等の伝奏にては到底事情を難尽、為めに機務を処理するに於て往々機会を失する虞有之候事
- When the Emperor is ill in bed or stays in the Imperial Palace, Minister of State may be allowed to have audience with the Emperor at the Imperial Palace.It is very difficult to relay messages in writing or by supernumerary government officials and it may well ruin the opportunity to accomplish important duties.
- 小原伍長自身も「もしあの時、予備の軍手、靴下の一組でも余計にあれば自分は足や指を失わなかっただろうし、半分の兵士が助かっただろう」と後年、供述している。
- Corporal Ohara recalled, he himself ' wouldn't have lost my legs and fingers and half of the soldiers would have been alive, if we had had only one pair of gloves and socks to change.'
- 天和 (日本)2年(1682年)の天和の大火(いわゆる八百屋お七の火事)で庵を焼失し、甲斐国谷村藩(山梨県都留市)の国家老高山伝右衝門に招かれ流寓する。
- The hut was burned in the big fire of Tenwa (so called the fire of Yaoya Oshichi (greengrocer Oshichi)) in 1682, and he was invited to the Yamura domain, Kai Province (Tsuru City, Yamanashi Prefecture) by kunigaro (the chief retainer in charge of the fief in the absence of the lord) Denemon TAKAYAMA to roam and live there.
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- 旧幕府軍は松前、江差などを占領するも、要となる開陽丸を座礁沈没させて失い海軍へ兵力は低下、宮古湾海戦を挑んだものの敗れ、新政府軍の蝦夷地への上陸を許す。
- Even though the former Shogunate forces occupied Matsumae and Esashi, they wrecked the Kayo Maru Warship, the core of their forces, and in effect the navy deteriorated; they fought against the new government's forces at the Battle of Miyakowan Bay, but lost, allowing the government's forces to land at Ezochi.
- 1361年(正平16年/康安元年)には足利政権において政争から失脚した執事の細川清氏が南朝に属し、楠木正儀らと4度目の京都侵攻を行い、一時的に占領する。
- In 1361, the chamberlain Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, who had lost power within the Ashikaga government, joined the Southern Court and tried the fourth attack on Kyoto together with Masanori KUSUNOKI, and occupied the city for a while.
- また、日露の持つ利権に対しては、アメリカ資本を導入して相互の勢力を牽制させることで対抗を図ったが、袁世凱の失脚や日本側の工作もあり、うまくいかなかった。
- The Qing Dynasty also sought to introduce American capital and play them off against Japanese and Russian rights, but this failed due to the downfall of Yuan Shikai and maneuvering by Japan.
- 赤旗事件で有罪となって獄中にいた大杉栄、荒畑寒村、堺利彦、山川均は事件の連座を免れたが、数多くの同志を失い、しばらくの期間、運動が沈滞することになった。
- Although Sakae OSUGI, Kanson ARAHATA, Toshihiko SAKAI and Hitoshi YAMAKAWA, who were serving their sentence for the Red Flag Incident, were not charged for complicity, they lost many comrades and the movement stalled for a while.
- 伝統的な街並みや過去の優れた建造物の多くが戦災や経済発展の中で失われ、経済性・合理性優先の安上がりな建築が多くなり、スクラップアンドビルドが繰り返された。
- Many of the traditional cityscapes and beautiful old buildings and structures were lost in the war or during the economic growth, and there was a growing number of cheap structures that emphasized economic rationality and repeated 'scrap and build' constructions.
- また体面を保つ為の出費も著しかったなど、一概に上野介のみを非難する向きも疑問があり、仮名手本忠臣蔵を盾に、自藩の失策を弁明しているとも受け取る事が出来る。
- At the same time, they also spent quite a lot of money to keep their dignity, and therefore, it is questionable to criticize only Kozuke no Suke, and one assumes that they were trying to cover up their own faults through Kanadehon Chushingura.
- その結果、直弼の側近だった老中安藤信正および久世広周を罷免するとともに、直弼の失政を理由に京都守護の家職を井伊家から剥奪し、松平容保を京都守護職に宛てた。
- The Shogunate dismissed Nobumasa ANDO and Hirochika KUZE, Senior Councillors of the Shogunate who were also aides of Naosuke, and banned the Ii Family from entering the profession of Kyoto-shugo (Military Governor of Kyoto) on account of Naosuke's misgovernment, while Katamori MATSUDAIRA was promoted to Kyoto-shugo (Military Governor of Kyoto).
- しかし同事件の際に紛失し、後に買い求めたのがS&Wモデル1 22口径で、これは妻・お龍とともに1丁ずつ所持し、薩摩滞在時はこれで狩猟などを楽しんだという。
- In the incident Ryoma lost the gun and later bought two of S&W MODEL 1, 22, which were carried by Ryoma and Oryo and with which they enjoyed hunting during the stay in Satsuma.
- これによりニコメディア、シルミウム、メディオラヌム、アウグスタ・トレウェロルムの4都が置かれ、ローマは首都機能を失ったが、名目的には帝国の都として続いた。
- Because of this, four capitals were placed in Nicomedia, Sirumium, Meduiolanum and Augusta Treverorum respectively, and Rome lost its capital functions but nominally remained as the capital of the Empire.
- ところが、近時住宅地にのみこまれた文化財は、地震等による大火で失われる確立が過去に無いほど非常に危険な状態にあると危惧する声が有識者の中から上がっている。
- However, experts are voicing the fear that the probability that cultural properties enveloped by the sprawl of recent residential areas can become lost in fires caused by earthquakes and other factors is greater than ever before.
- 義朝は東国への脱出を図るが途中で頼朝とはぐれ、朝長・義隆を失い、12月29日尾張国内海荘司・長田忠致の邸にたどり着いたところを鎌田正家とともに殺害された。
- Yoshitomo was planning to escape to safety in the Kanto, but along the way got separated from Yoritomo and lost Yorinaga and Yoshitaka as well, until at last, on February 15, just as he arrived at the residence of Tadamune OSADA, he and his companion Masaie KANATA were slain.
- それが原因で允恭天皇崩御後、軽太子は群臣に背かれて失脚、伊予国へ流刑となるが、衣通姫もそれを追って伊予に赴き、再会を果たした二人は心中する(衣通姫伝説)。
- As a result, rebelled against by many of his retainers, Karu no hitsugi no miko was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo and was deported to Iyo Province, where Sotoorihime followed him and the two committed joint suicide (Sotoorihime legend).
- 特に後者の離脱が近衛文麿が中心であったことから研究会の権威は大いに失墜した(ちなみに後に3次にわたった近衛内閣では閣僚から研究会所属議員は排除されている)。
- Especially since the latter one was led by Fumimaro KONOE, Kenkyukai suffered a great loss of prestige (in the connection, later, members of Kenkyukai were excluded from the three KONOE Cabinets.
- この一連の流れは、女性、社会的地位、未来、友をすべて失うことで、現実世界における自己に未練をなくし精神世界の存在に転化させ行くことになる背景が描かれている。
- Using this chain of events, the author describes the background in which the main character gradually, and without regret, gave up his existence in the real world, and transformed himself into having an existence in the spiritual world by relinquishing all that he was going to obtain: women, social status, his future and his friends.
- また、532年の任那加羅(金官加羅)滅亡後は安羅に軍事機関を移したが、562年の大加羅の滅亡で拠点を失ったとしている(→吉田1997 pp.74-78.)。
- According to Yoshida, the military institution was transferred to Alla after the fall of Mimana Gaya (Geumgwan Gaya) in 532, but it lost its base when Dae Gaya collapsed in 562 (=>Yoshida 1997 pp.74-78.).
- 寛平9年(897年)に宇多天皇が譲位して醍醐天皇が即位すると、時平は左大臣、道真は右大臣に並んで朝政を執ったが、やがて政争が起き道真は失脚する(昌泰の変)。
- In 897, when Emperor Uda abdicated the throne and Emperor Daigo acceded, Tokihira (as the minister of the left) and Michizane (as the minister of the right) governed jointly, but soon afterward Michizane was brought down in a plot (the Shotai Incident).
- 律令制においては官田がその任を担って大炊寮が管轄していたが、律令制の衰微と荘園の拡大によって各地で官田の喪失、供御米の未進が相次ぐなど収入が不安定になった。
- In the ritsuryo system, Kanden (imperial estates) undertook that role and was controlled by Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household), but incomes became unstable by reasons that Kanden was lost in various places due to decline of the ritsuryo system and expansion of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan), and nonpayment of tribute of Kugomai continued.
- このため、足利義教の代に永享の乱を起こした第4代鎌倉公方・足利持氏を攻め滅ぼして一時直接統治を図るが失敗に終わり、持氏の子・足利成氏を新しい鎌倉公方とした。
- Consequently, in the era of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA the fourth Kamakura-kubo, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, who raised the Eikyo Rebellion, was conquered and temporarily direct rule by the shogun was exercised but eventually failed; subsequently, Mochiuji's son Shigeuji ASHIKAGA was made the new Kamakura-kubo.
- 東幸に続いて京都への還幸となったが、この還幸にあたって三条は独り賛成せず、今すぐに京都に戻れば関東の人心を失するとして早々の還幸を牽制する意見書を提出した。
- After going to the east the emperor was to return to Kyoto, but Sanjo submitted a report to hold off an early visit to Kyoto due to the fact that a quick return would dishearten the people of Kanto.
- 日本軍は釜山西方の制圧を画策して、第一次晋州城攻防戦(1592年9月、細川忠興指揮の日本軍対金時敏指揮の朝鮮軍)を生起させるが苦戦したうえ、攻城に失敗した。
- Intending to conquer the area west of Busan, the Japanese army caused the first Siege of Jinju (in September 1592, the Japanese army commanded by Tadaoki HOSOKAWA versus the Korean army commanded by Kim Si-min) and, after hard battles, failed in attack on the castle.
- 大黒柱の看板スター達を相次いで失い、大型の新人スターも輩出できず、映画産業全体の斜陽やテレビ界の発展にも圧され、大映映画の観客数の落ち込みがさらに深刻になる。
- With its top box office earners leaving in rapid succession, no big stars emerging to take their place, and the motion picture industry itself losing its luster in the face of the dynamic growth of the TV industry, the decline in its moviegoing audience was further exacerbated.
- しかしこの縁組みは失敗、女三宮と柏木 (源氏物語)の過ちを知らない朱雀院は、冷淡な源氏に恨み言を言いつつ女三宮を出家させた(「若菜 (源氏物語)」「柏木」)。
- However, this marriage failed, and Suzakuin, who did not know of the sexual intercourse between Onna Sannomiya and Kashiwagi, made Onna Sannomiya become a nun complaining to glacial Genji. ('Wakana' (Spring Shoots) and 'Kashiwagi' (The Oak Tree))
- 仏教に関する説話も含むが、どちらかというと猥雑、ユーモラスな話題(比叡山の稚児が幼さゆえの場違いな発言で僧侶の失笑を買う、等)が多く、教訓や啓蒙の要素は薄い。
- Although the collection does include some tales with Buddhist subject matter, most such tales tend to be on bawdy or humorous topics (for example, one features a chigo (acolyte) of Mt. Hiei who becomes the laughingstock of the priests when his youthful inexperience leads him to speak in a manner inappropriate to the occasion), and didactic or morally instructive elements are relatively weak in such tales.
- 当時の、平安時代末期に消失する前の大仏の様子は、後代、平安時代の作ではあるけれども、唯一『信貴山縁起』(絵巻、朝護孫子寺蔵)の絵からうかがい知ることができる。
- We can imagine the actual appearance of the Great Buddha before its loss at the end of the Heian period only through a picture in 'Shigisan engi' (The Legends of Mt. Shigi) (a picture scroll possessed by Chogosonshi-ji Temple) although it was painted later during the Heian period.
- 『日本書紀』に『百済本紀』(百済三書の一つ、三国史記の『百済本紀』とは異なる逸失書)から531年に「日本天皇及太子皇子、倶崩薨。」という記述が引用されている。
- The description, 'the emperor and the imperial prince of Japan has past away' from 'History of Baekje' (one of three books of Paekche [Original Records of Paekche, Records of Paekche, and The New Selection of Paeche], a lost document which is different from 'History of Baekje'of Samguk Sagi [History of the Three Kingdoms]) was cited in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) in 531.
- 阿保は、父の失脚のときに大宰権帥に左遷されて九州に移された苦い経験を持っていたので、このような話には乗らず、すぐに当時は太皇太后になっていた嘉智子に報告した。
- Abo had a bitter experience when his father was deposed and sent to Kyushu as Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), did not follow their advice and immediately reported this to Kachiko, who was the Grand Empress Dowager at that time.
- 成立当初は帝皇系図・神祇道系図・宿曜道系図を伴ったらしいが失われ、現存する部分は源平藤橘のうち藤原氏・源氏の両氏(いずれも長く宮廷社会の中枢にいた)に詳しい。
- When first written, a genealogical table of the Imperial line, a genealogical table of the gods, and a genealogical table of astrology appear to have been included, but these have been lost, with the surviving books being especially detailed on the Fujiwara and the Minamoto clans (because both had taken over key positions in the court society) among the distinguished families which included the Minamoto, the Taira, the Fujiwara, and the Tachibana (also known as the Gen, Pei, To, Kitsu due to Chinese readings of the characters in their names).
- しかし攻撃は失敗し、帰路に巨済島で停泊していたところを水陸から攻撃され、朝鮮水軍は幹部指揮官、元均、李億祺、崔湖の戦死と共に壊滅的打撃を被った(漆川梁海戦)。
- However, the attack failed and, when they anchored at Geoje Island on their way back, they were attacked both from the land and sea and the Korean navy suffered catastrophic damage including deaths of senior commanders, Won Gyun, Lee Eokgi, and 崔湖 (the Naval Battle of Chilcheollyang).
- しかし治承・寿永の乱において目立った活躍がなかった大和源氏は、これ以降は地方豪族の域を出ることができず、中世を通じて次第に纏まりを失い、諸国に拡散していった。
- However, Yamato-Genji didn't demonstrate much military prowess in the Jisho-Juei War, and subsequently they just continued as a powerful regional clan; throughout the middle ages they gradually lost their unity and spread out to other districts.
- しかし、1953年の4月29日に同校で起きた失火とその再建策を巡って同年12月5日に保守派の父母が進歩派教員の「偏向教育」を非難したことにより対立が激化した。
- However, the conflict intensified because on December 5, 1953, the conservative parents blamed 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' by progressive teachers regarding an accidental fire occurred in the school on April 29 of the same year and its reconstruction plan.
- しかし、法律の存在を前提とせず政令で憲法を直接実施することは認められないとの解釈が通説であり、褒章条例を政令によって改正したのは失当とする見解が呈示されている。
- Prevailing views, however, hold that any part of the Constitution may not be enforced through a Cabinet Order without the existence of an underlying law, and accordingly it is pointed out that this Ordinance on Medals of Honor should not have been revised by a Cabinet Order.
- この「生類憐れみの令」は、幕府の権威の失墜につながらないよう、「徳川禁令考」など、幕府やその関係者が編纂した法令集からは意図的に削除されているともいわれている。
- It is said that the 'law prohibiting cruelty to animals' was intentionally deleted from the collection of laws compiled by the Shogunate, so as not to damage the Shogunate's authority.
- 蘇我氏は連の大伴氏と物部氏にならぶ三大勢力の一角となり、やがて大伴金村が失脚すると、大連 (古代日本)の物部氏(物部尾輿)と大臣の蘇我(稲目)の二大勢力となる。
- Soga clan became one of three major powers alongside the Muraji Otomo and Mononobe clans; after OTOMO no Kanamura was overthrown, the Mononobe (MONONOBE no Okoshi) clan Omuraji (Official post in ancient Japan.) and the minister SOGA no Iname remained as the two major powers.
- 富子との不和は相変わらずで、文明7年(1475年)に花の御所が京都市街の戦火で焼失し、富子と息子・足利義尚が小川邸へ移ると、義政は逃げるように東山へ移っている。
- The discord between Yoshimasa and Tomiko remained unchanged, and when Hana no Gosho burned down due to a war in the city of Kyoto in 1475, Tomiko and Yoshihisa moved to Ogawa mansion while Yoshimasa relocated to Higashiyama as if he was running away from them.
- この多聞山からの火、また、10月10日の久秀の焼き討ちもあって、一連の戦闘の結果、南都は般若寺、興福寺やその塔頭なども焼失したが、東大寺の被害もまた大きかった。
- As a result of a series of batt;es with fire from Mt. Tamon and fire set by Hisahide on November 20, 1567, many religious facilities in Nanto were destroyed by fire, including Hannya-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple and its subtemples, as well as catastrophically damaging Todai-ji Temple.
- その後、三国協商・日露協約締結によってその可能性は失われたものの、長年の国防における「海主陸従」状態の打破の好機と見ていた山縣はあくまでも策定の成案を目指した。
- The possibility of the war was lost due to the conclusion of the Triple Entente and the Russo-Japanese Agreement, but Yamagata who regarded it as the golden opportunity to break through the situation of 'Navy is a major, Army is a minor' in the longtime national defense, aimed at the final draft of the formulation.
- 特に1919年の男爵議員による公正会結成に伴う同議員の大量離脱に伴って院内交渉団体としての資格を失ったのを機に解散して第1次無所属との合同を行うことを決定する。
- The group continued losing members, particularly after the 1919 formation of the Koseikai (Fairness Group) by the Barons in the House of Peers, at which point, having lost the majority of its members, the Doyokai had lost the qualification as a internal negotiation faction of the House of Peers, and it was therefore decided to merge the group with the first Mushozoku (Unaffiliated Group).
- 「この故実を存ぜざれば、忽ち命を失うべきか。勇士はただ騎馬に達すべき事なり。壮士等耳の底に留むべし。老翁の説嘲哢すること莫れ」と武者の騎射戦の心得を述べている。
- He describes what should be kept in mind at a cavalry battle, saying, 'If he doesn't know the fact, he will lose his life soon; the brave warrior should be adept at horseback riding; 壮士等耳の底に留むべし; one should not laugh at what an old man says.'
- 『古今和歌集』は全20巻と序からなるが、高野切本の現存する巻は巻一、二、三、五、八、九、十八、十九、二十で、残りの巻は発見されておらず、失われたものと思われる。
- Altogether the 'Kokin wakashu' consists of 20 scrolls (volumes) and a preface, but the Koya-gire has preserved only scrolls one, two, three, five, eight, nine, eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, and it is thought that the remaining scrolls have not survived to the present day.
- 重盛は、白山事件で家人が矢を神輿に当てる失態を犯したのに加え、妻の兄が配流されて助命を求めたにも関わらず殺害されたことで面目を失い、6月5日に左大将を辞任した。
- Shigemori quit the position of Sadaisho (head of the left palace guards) on July 9 because he had lost face when his soldier hit the mikoshi with an arrow during the Hakusan Incident and his wife's elder brother was killed during exile even after Shigemori asked for his life to be spared.
- 幕府は特に精錬した鉄地金を用いた精鉄四文銭(せいてつよんもんせん)であることを強調したが、評判は悪く、鋳銭に関して損失が出るなどしたため発行は少数にとどまった。
- The bakufu insisted that the four-mon iron coin was a four-mon refined-iron coin which was especially made of refined iron ingots, but only a small quantity was issued because of bad reputation and loss caused by the minting of coin.
- 直木孝次郎は何もかも失った大和とは対照的に新羅は唐をも破って朝鮮統一をしてしまったために大和は新羅から先進的な政治体制や文化を学ぶ一方で相当な危機感を持っていた。
- Kojiro NAOKI has pointed out the following; as opposed to Yamato which lost everything, Silla defeated even the Tang and achieved the integration of Korea, so that Yamato had a sense of crisis while it learned about advanced political systems and culture from the Silla.
- これに侯爵である細川ら応じたものの、近衛は公爵・侯爵以外の議員の加入を一切拒否したために、「無所属」に属していた伯爵以下の議員や勅選議員は拠り所を失くしてしまう。
- Marquis HOSOKAWA responded to this; however, KONOE completely refused councilors' joining except members who were duke or marquis, so the members or the nominated members of the House of Peers belonging to the 'Independents' who were ranked count and below had nowhere to go.
- だが、次の黒田内閣でも外務大臣に留任した大隈が爆弾テロに遭遇して条約改正に失敗すると、たちまち欧化主義は衰退し、対外硬派に支えられた国粋主義が台頭することになる。
- Nevertheless, after OKUBO, who stayed on as foreign minister in the following KURODA Cabinet, had failures in the revision of a treaty as he encountered terrorist explosions, Europeanism declined in an instant and Nationalism gained power.
- 多くは文字に記されることなく失われてしまったとされるが、『古事記』『日本書紀』『風土記』『万葉集』『古語拾遺』『琴歌譜』『仏足石歌碑』などに約300首残っている。
- Most of them are considered to have been lost without being written down, but about 300 poems have survived in the books of 'Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters),' 'Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan),' 'Fudoki (notes on local legends and geography),' 'Manyoshu,' 'Kogoshui (commentaries on ancient words and practices),' 'Kinkafu (poetry collection)' and 'Bussokusekika hi (stele).'
- また、平安時代後期以後に荒廃して都市機能を失ったかつての平安京右京の異称として「西京」または「西ノ京」が用いられた(これに対して左京を「洛中」と呼ぶようになる)。
- In addition, 'Saikyo' and 'Nishi no Kyo' were used as an alias for Ukyo (west part of capital) of Heian-kyo which lost its control as the capital at the end of Heian period (On the other hand, Sakyo (east part of capital) was called as 'Rakuchu').
- 陰謀が事実であったかは定かでないが、これにより清盛は延暦寺との望まぬ軍事衝突を回避することができ、後白河は多くの近臣を失い、政治発言権を著しく低下させてしまった。
- It is not clear whether there was an actual conspiracy, but Kiyomori was able to prevent a military confrontation with the Enryaku-ji Temple that he did not want and Goshirakawa lost many close aides and political power.
- そして、大東亜戦争(太平洋戦争)においてその動きは最高潮に達し、「神州不滅」の主張の元に玉砕・神風特攻隊・本土決戦などが横行して多くの人命が失われる結果となった。
- The movement reached it's pinnacle in the Greater East Asia (Asian) War (the Pacific War), it caused the death of many people from Kamikaze suicide attacks (suicide corps), homeland defense war (the Hondo Kessen) under the belief of 'Shinshu Fumetsu' (the Immortal Divine Land).
- 南北朝時代 (日本)の戦乱の中で幼くして両親を失ったが、新田義貞・脇屋義助らに奉戴され1346年、白鹿の年号を用いて天下に号令を掛けた北陸朝廷の天皇(得江文書)。
- He lost his parents when he was little in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but in 1346, being enthroned by Yoshisada NITTA, Yoshisuke WAKIYA and others, commanded the country using the name of the era of Hakushika, and became the Emperor in the Hokuriku Imperial Court (Tokue monjo, documents of Tokue).
- その他、美濃国では大垣城が全壊焼失、近江国では長浜城 (近江国)が全壊し城主山内一豊の息女与祢姫が死亡するなど、近畿、東海、北陸にかけての各地で甚大な被害が出た。
- The greatest damage was brought on the regions of Kinki, Tokai and Hokuriku by the earthquake, such as the case of the Ogaki-jo Castle of Mino Province which was completely destroyed and burned, as well as the case of the Nagahama-jo Castle of Omi Province which was also completely destroyed and Yonehime, who was the daughter of the castellan Katsutoyo YAMAUCHI, died.
- 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
- Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
- 表向きは健康上の問題によるとされたが、山縣有朋が「事件は社会主義者に対する融和の結果発生した。これは西園寺内閣の失策である」と奏上したのが直接の原因といわれている。
- The official reason of the resignation was Saionji's failing health, but it is said that the direct cause of the resignation was Arimoto YAMAGATA's report to the Emperor that said 'The incident occurred as a result of a move to reconcile with socialists by the Saionji's cabinet, so it was a blunder by the cabinet.'
- 薩軍主力が北方に転戦したため鎮台の守城負担は幾分減ったとはいえ、開戦前の出火で失った糧食の補充が充分でないため糧食不足に苦しみ、極力消費を抑えることでしのいでいた。
- After the main force of the Satsuma army was transferred to north, a burden on the garrison in defending the castle was reduced; however, since the provisions that lost in the fire before the battle had not been made up enough, the garrison had a problem of food shortage and had to stretch the food out by reducing the consumption as much as possible.
- 外地を喪失した法的な時期については、日本国との平和条約第2条に外地の権原放棄に関する規定があるため、同条約の発効日(1952年4月28日)と考えるのが一般的である。
- The effective date (April 28, 1952) of the peace treaty with Japan is generally considered as the date on which Japan officially lost Gaichi, as Article 2 of the said treaty stipulated the renunciation of titles in Gaichi.
- 天正8年(1580年)に単独で丹後国に進攻するも守護一色氏に反撃され失敗、光秀の加勢によってようやく平定に成功し、信長から丹後11万石を与えられ宮津城を居城とした。
- In 1580 he attacked Tango alone, failing due to a counterattack from the Isshiki clan, but he finally succeeded with the help of Mitsuhide, and was then given a fief of 110,000 koku in Tango by Nobunaga and made Miyazu Castle his residence there.
- もともと、先に死去した十河一存や三好義興もこの久秀の暗殺説すら噂されていたのに、すでに一族の死で失意にあった長慶は久秀の本性を見抜けないほどに衰弱していたのである。
- Although the deaths of Kazumasa SOGO and Yoshioki MIYOSHI were rumored to have been the assassination by Hisahide, Nagayoshi, who was heart broken by the deaths of his family, was too weak to notice the true nature of Hisahide.
- 寛政の遺老(かんせいのいろう)とは、寛政の改革を主導した松平定信失脚後、定信によって取り立てられた松平信明 (三河吉田藩主)ら幕政を主導した政治家たちのことを指す。
- Iro (old retainers) in the Kansei era refers to politicians who led the bakufu such as Nobuaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Mikawa-Yoshida domain), who were chosen by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA after his downfall.
- また、既存の公験が存在する事物の変動に際しては、その公験を解状に添える義務があり、紛失時には速やかに公験発給官司への届出を行い公験紛失状の発給を受けるものとされた。
- If the object of change had already been provided with kugen, it was compulsory to attach the kugen to gejo, and in the case of loss, a prompt notification to governmental official in charge of issuance of kugen was required to be supplied a certificate confirming the loss.
- 1キロメートルほど歩いて水ヶ峯の尾根道に達するまでは、高野龍神スカイラインの整備により古道は失われており、荒神岳遥拝所の鳥居がわずかに古道の痕をとどめるに過ぎない。
- In this section to the ridge of Mizugamine (about 1 kilometer), the old road had been lost by the construction of the Koya Ryujin Skyline, and the traces of it can be found only in the Torii (shrine gate) of the shrine of Mt. Kojin-dake.
- そもそも御陵衛士と新撰組との間には隊士の行き来を禁止する約束があり、そのことを知らずに新撰組を脱走して御陵衛士に加わろうとした彼らは行き場所を失った形となったのだ。
- There was an agreement between Goryo-eji and Shinsengumi that they would prohibit the exchange of members in the first place, but the previously mentioned ten were ignorant of this fact and attempted to desert Shinsengumi to join Goryo-eji, thus they have no place to go at all.
- この梅北一揆はもともと遅れ気味であった島津氏の文禄の役参陣をさらに遅らせてしまう結果となり、島津義弘をもってして「日本一の遅陣」と言わしめるほどの失態につながった。
- Umekita ikki caused the further delay in sending of troops from the Shimazu clan that was already late in the Bunroku Campaign, as Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, the head of the Shimazu clan, recognized it as 'the slowest dispatch of troops in the country.'
- 戦国時代最大の宗教的武装勢力である本願寺勢力と、天下布武を目指す織田信長との軍事的・政治的決戦であり、石山合戦の終結と同時に、各地の一向一揆はその勢いを著しく失った。
- It was the military and political decisive war between Hongan-ji Temple, the largest armed religious power in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and Nobunaga ODA, on his way to 'Tenkahubu' (the unification of Japan), and with the end of the war, Ikko ikki that had occurred in various areas significantly lost its momentum.
- 当時18歳の吉良家当主の吉良義周は薙刀術を持って、赤穂浪士の剣客のひとりである武林唯七(堀部安兵衛とも)と果敢に渡り合ったが、斬られて目に血が入り、気を失ったという。
- It is said that the head of the Kira family, Yoshimasa KIRA, who was 18 at that time, courageously fought against one of the expert swordsmen among Ako Roshi, Tadashichi TAKEBAYASHI (also known as Yasube HORIBE) with his naginata skills; however, he fainted after blood from his wound went into his eyes.
- この時点で辞官納地(慶喜の内大臣辞任と幕府領の放棄)は決まってはいなかったが、岩倉らは徳川政権の失政を並べ、「辞官納地をして誠意を見せることが先決である」と主張する。
- At this point, Yoshinobu's resignation from Minister of the Interior and the abandonment of the Shogunate's territories ('Jikan-nochi') were not yet determined, but Iwakura and his comrades listed the mistakes made by the Tokugawa Shogunate and demanded that their first step be to show their sincerity by agreeing with 'Jikan-nochi.'
- 室町時代の焼失後に再建された堂が傷んだため、修理ではなく新築することとし、寛政10年(1798年)頃造営に着手、文化 (元号)5年(1808年)頃完成したものである。
- Because the hall rebuilt after destruction by fire in the Muromachi period was damaged, it was decided not to repair but to rebuild and construction work was commenced in 1798 and it was completed around 1808.
- 元弘の変が失敗に終わったあとも、幕府の追及を逃れた後醍醐の皇子護良親王、楠木正成らのゲリラ的抵抗運動は続き、規模的にも地域的にも次第に純然たる叛乱へと拡大していった。
- After the Genko Incident ended in failure, guerilla like resistance continued under Godaigo's son, Imperial Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige KUSUNOKI, and gradually the size and region increased until it was a true insurrection.
- 当時においては既に実効性を喪失していると判断した政府は、内閣及び総理府関係法令の整理に関する法律(昭和29年法律第203号)の本則第4号により本法を廃止することとした。
- Considering that Haitorei had already lost its effectiveness at that time, the government decided to abolish this act by the article No.4 of the law on organizing regulations relevant to the Cabinet and the Prime Minister's Office (the 203rd law in 1954).
- 自賛談のようにみえる章段も、(中略)中宮と中宮を取り巻く人々が失意の時代にあっても、天皇の恩寵を受けて政治とは無縁に美と好尚の世界に生きたことを主張している(上野理)。
- There are some chapters that seem like mere self-praise, but in them the author claimed that the Empress and the people around her received the Emperor's favor and led a life filled with aesthetic sentiment and exquisite taste, living in a world that was cut off from the politics of the time and disappointment. (Osamu UENO).
- この留保をすれば女戸主は婚姻後も戸主の地位を失わず、夫の財産を使用収益する権利を有したが、婚姻後の共同生活の費用、子女の教育費などは女戸主が負担しなければならなかった。
- If she wished to reserve the position, she would not lose the position of the family head even after marriage and kept the right to use and profit from her husband's property, on the other hand, she had to pay expenses including cost of shared living and education fee for their children.
- だが、鎌倉時代以後朝廷の実権低下に伴って、朝廷における各種公事を維持するための政治的・財政的な裏づけを失っていき、多くの公事が縮小・簡略化され、あるものは廃絶に至った。
- However, as the Imperial Court losing its power after the Kamakura period, the political or financial support to maintain the events of the Imperial Court began to lessen, then, many kuji were downscaled or simplified and some of them were abolished.
- 多紀連山は、平安時代末期から中世にかけて修験道行場として栄えたが、1482年(文明 (日本)14年)に大峰山(大和修験道)の僧兵の来襲により、寺院はことごとく焼失した。
- Taki mountain range prospered as the practice place of the mountaineering asceticism from the end of Heian period to the Medieval period, but in 1482, all the temples there were burned to ashes in the attack by armed priests from Mt. Omine (Yamato Shugendo [the ascetic and shamanistic practice in Mt. Omine]).
- 後小松上皇が北朝の傍流である伏見宮家から彦仁王(後花園天皇)を後継者に選ぼうとしたことをきっかけに、北朝は皇統断絶して皇位継承権を失ったと考える南朝側は激しく反発する。
- Retired Emperor Gokomatsu took this opportunity to select Prince Hikohito (Emperor Gohanazono) of the Fushiminomiya branch of the Northern lineage to be the successor; in response, the Gonancho faction, which now with the Northern dynasty's Imperial line extinct, he had expected that the Northern lineage would have lost its authority over matters of Imperial succession, vehemently opposed this decision.
- だが、去ること長元4年(1031年)、当時の伊勢斎宮であった具平親王三女・せん子女王が酒乱に乗じて「ご託宣」と称し「斎宮の冷遇は天皇の失政」として非難した事件があった。
- However, there was an incident whereby Imperial Prince Tomohira's third daughter, Princess Senshi, who was Ise Saigu (vestal virgin princess serving at Ise-jingu Shrine) at that time, had too much to drink on one occasion and she criticized 'it was Emperor's mistake when he treated Saigu coldly.' as in her oracle in 1031.
- また招いた結果が国権を喪失し植民地支配に陥ったという重大事態であるので「騙されたとしても、騙された事に対する責任がある。」とする厳しい意見も南北朝鮮を中心に存在している。
- There are some barbed criticism in North and South Korea saying 'Even if they were betrayed, they were still responsible for being betrayed' considering that the serious result that the group brought was the loss of the sovereignty and to fall under colonial rule.
- 慶長6年3月20日、上杉家の様子を探っていた政宗は伊達政景宛への書状で、家康との講和に傾いた上杉家が戦意を失い、籠城の用意のみで仙道口へ兵を出す状況にはない旨を知らせた。
- On March 20, 1601, Masamune who saw the situation of the Uesugi family informed in the letter to Masakage DATE that the Uesugi family leaning toward making peace with Ieyasu, was only prepared to hold the castle, but not in a situation to send the troops to Sendo-guchi Gate since he lost the will to fight.
- 夫有司、上帝室ヲ尊ブト曰ザルニハ非ズ、而帝室漸ク其尊栄ヲ失フ、下人民ヲ保ツト曰ザルニハ非ラズ、而政令百端、朝出暮改、政情実ニ成リ、賞罰愛憎ニ出ヅ、言路壅蔽、困苦告ルナシ。
- We are not saying that the bureaucrats are not respecting the Emperor but the Emperor has lost his glory, and we are not saying that they are controlling the people but there are so many laws, some of which are enacted in the morning but soon amended; politics are depending on someone's feeling and punishment and reward is decided with love and hate toward the person; and our freedom of speech is closed and there is no way to report our sufferings.
- 大正年間に出土した時はには完全であったが、その後刀身の半分が失われたために銘文もわずか末尾の12文字しか残っているに過ぎず、しかもさびが進んでいて解読できる御字が少ない。
- When it was excavated during the Taisho era, it was in perfect condition, but later a half of the blade's body was lost, therefore only twelve letters of inscription from the bottom remained, and moreover there were only a few letters to be deciphered because of rust.
- 体調不良と原との確執により既に政権続行への意欲を失っていた西園寺と、桂との会見で山縣の真意が倒閣にあると曲解した原は、内閣総辞職を決断、「山縣の手による倒閣」が成功する。
- The then Prime Minister Saionji, who had already lost his zeal to keep his administration, suffering from not only his poor physical condition but also from the conflict with Hara, and Hara, who misunderstood that Yamagata's real intention was to topple the Saionji Cabinet in the meeting held with Katsura, decided the Cabinet resignation en masse, and in this way, the 'Cabinet turnover by Yamagata's maneuver' was achieved.
- なお、慶喜本人は将軍継嗣となることに乗り気ではなかったのか「骨折りは申し訳ないが、天下を取ってから失敗するよりは、取らないほうがいい」という内容の手紙を斉昭に送っている。
- Yoshinobu himself seemed to be uninterested in becoming the heir to the Shogun and he sent a letter to Nariaki whose content indicated 'I appreciate your efforts but I'd rather not become the Shogun than to make mistakes after becoming the Shogun.'
- だが、一方で元寇(日本遠征)の失敗後、元の官吏の中には日本商船に高い関税をかけたり乗員に不当な圧迫をかけたりしたため、日本側も武装してこれに抵抗、初期倭寇の原因となった。
- On the other hand, because some Yuan Dynasty's government officials imposed high tariffs on Japanese merchant ships and put unjustified pressures on Japanese crews after Mongol failed to invade Japan, Japanese armed and rebelled against them; thus, they turned into the early wako (Japanese pirates).
- だが、永禄3年(1560年)に浅井賢政の六角氏との断交を機に京極高吉が復権を画策して六角氏と結んで挙兵を企てるが失敗して江北を追われ、京極氏の江北支配は完全に幕を閉じた。
- However, Takayoshi raised an army being in alliance with the Rokkaku clan when Katamasa AZAI broke the relationship with the Rokkaku clan, but in vain, whereby Takayoshi was expelled from Gohoku, and the Gohoku control by the Kyogoku clan completely ended.
- 領事裁判権を認め、関税自主権を喪失し、かつ片務的最恵国待遇を課した拙速な不平等条約であり、同様な条約がイギリス・フランス・オランダ・ロシアとも結ばれた(安政五ヶ国条約)。
- The treaty was unequal, granting consular jurisdiction and tariff autonomy to the US, and imposing on Japan a necessity to provide most favored nation status to the US; moreover, similar treaties were concluded with Britain, France, the Netherland, and Russia; eventually those treaties were called the Ansei treaties with five nations.
- また、後鳥羽上皇に同調して子孫の皇位継承権を失うこととなった順徳上皇にも厳しく「佐渡廃帝」と記述して、乱に積極的に関与しなかった阿波院天皇(土御門上皇)と格差を付けている。
- The book was also harsh on the retired Emperor Juntoku who lost his decedents' right of succession to the Imperial Throne by siding with the retired Emperor Gotoba, referring to him as 'Dethroned Emperor of Sado' and discriminated in favor of Emperor Awanoin (the retired Emperor Tsuchimikado) who didn't willingly come into the war.
- この事件をきっかけに時政は失脚し、牧の方と共に子の義時・北条政子によって鎌倉を追放され、閏月7月26日 (旧暦)、京にいた平賀朝雅は義時の命によって誅殺された(牧氏事件)。
- Due to this incident, Tokimasa lost his position and was banished from Kamakura along with Maki no kata under the orders of his son, Yoshitoki and his daughter Masako HOJO; on September 12, Tomomasa HIRAGA, who was in Kyoto, was killed under Yoshitoki's orders (Makishi Incident).
- 1543年(天文12年)には、小早川正平が大敗に終わった大内義隆による出雲遠征に従軍して21歳の若さで戦死し、幼い嫡子小早川繁平が後を継いだものの、繁平は幼くして失明する。
- In 1543, Masahira KOBAYAKAWA served in the expedition to Izumo by Yoshitaka OUCHI but was killed at the young age of 21 and his legitimate son Shigehira KOBAYAKAWA took over but Shigehira became blind at a young age.
- 神祇官内に設置された宣教使の神道と儒教を基本とした国民教導が失敗したことを受け、当時最大の宗教勢力であった仏教、特に浄土真宗の要請によって神・儒・仏の合同布教体制が敷かれた。
- After the failure of Shintoism instructed by the Shinto Missionary division set up inside of the department of Jingikan (officers of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) and the edification based on the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism, the largest religious group of the days, and particularly its Jodo Shinshu Sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) requested the government to jointly propagate three religions in Japan, including Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
- 子の田沼意知暗殺や印旛沼干拓事業の失敗、浅間山の噴火・天明の大飢饉発生および後ろ盾であった将軍家治の死などの不運が重なったことにより、田沼が失脚したことで田沼政治は終局する。
- And Okitsugu repeatedly met with misfortunes, such as the assassination of his son Okitomo TANUMA, failure of the reclamation work of Inba-numa Lake, eruption of Mt. Asama, the Tenmei Famine, and the death of the Shogun Ieharu who supported Okitsugu, so he lost his position and his politics came to an end.
- それが故に、幕臣たちは吉宗が新井を嫌って失脚させたと思っていたので、理解できなかった(もちろん吉宗は新井本人を評価しているのではなくて、あくまで政策を評価していたのである)。
- Yoshimune's vassals couldn't understand his act because they believed Yoshimune dismissed Arai as Yoshimune hated him (Of course, Yoshimune didn't value Arai himself, but valued his policies.)
- ことは直ぐに露見し4月に罪を責められた伊周は大宰権帥、隆家は出雲国に左遷されて失脚しこれを憂いた中宮定子は髪を切って尼となったが、後に天皇の命で宮中に戻っている(長徳の変)。
- This incident was exposed immediately, and in April, Korechika was demoted to Dazai Gonnosochi and Takaie was demoted to Izumo Province and fell from power, and Empress Sadako/Teishi who became saddened by this cut off her hair and became a nun, but later, upon Emperor's order she returned to the Imperial Court (Chotoku Incident).
- 長州藩は下関戦争の後尊皇論を基盤に藩論は攘夷で維持していたが、1865年、日米修好通商条約に孝明天皇が勅許を出したことにより尊皇と攘夷は結びつかなくなり、攘夷の力が失われた。
- After the Shimonoseki War, the Choshu clan maintained its opinion on the expulsion of foreigners, based on the idea of Sonno; however, when Emperor Komei permitted the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1865, Sonno and the expulsion of foreigners could no longer be connected, and those advocating the expulsion of foreigners lost their power.
- 後宇多の遺言はなお有効であり、いったん自らの退位を認めてしてしまえば、治天として政務を執る資格も子孫に皇位を伝える資格も失われかねないことを後醍醐はよく承知していたのである。
- Godaigo knew well that Gouda's will was still in effect and if he recognized that he had abdicated, he might lose eligibility to rule as Chiten or pass the throne on to his descendants.
- 妙純が近江出兵中に戦死すると、斎藤氏は中心を失い国人たちは政房の子の土岐頼武と土岐頼芸の兄弟をおのおの擁立して争い、それに尾張の織田氏や近江の六角氏、越前の朝倉氏が介入した。
- When Myojin, the central figure of the Saito clan, died in the field to Omi Province, Kokujin (local warriors) were devided into two groups, one of which backed up Yoritake TOKI and the other backed up his brother Yorinari TOKI to fight against each other, allowing intervention by the Oda clan in Owari Province, the Rokkaku clan in Omi Province, and the Asakura clan in Echizen Province.
- 幕府という名目が失われた大政奉還(1867年)、旧幕府軍による抵抗が終了した箱館戦争の終戦(1869年)、幕藩体制が完全に終結した廃藩置県(1871年)なども画期となりうる。
- Other major events, including the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the end of Hakodate War in 1869, and Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in 1871, could also be counted as ground-breaking events.
- 名君である定頼存命中は彼らも服属していたが、定頼の死後、後を継いだ義賢・義治は三好長慶や浅井長政に対して失策を重ね、後藤氏のような有力国人衆への統制を失うこととなったのである。
- Those vassals served obediently during the period of Sadayori who was a wise ruler, but Yosikata and Yoshiharu who succeeded to Sadayori after his death repeatedly made political errors against Nagyoshi MIYOSHI and Nagamasa Azai, and lost control over powerful local loads (kokujin) such as Goto clan.
- 朝鮮が清朝の冊封から独立した国家主権を持つ独立国であることを明記したが、片務的領事裁判権の設定や関税自主権の喪失といった不平等条約的条項を内容とすることなどが、その特徴である。
- It was described in the treaty that Korea was a nation independent from the tributary system of the Qing dynasty, holding state sovereign power, however it was characteristic of an unequal treaty with the provisions describing the establishment of one-sided consular jurisdiction and the loss of tariff autonomy.
- 樺太は、幕末から明治初頭にかけての不平等条約で一旦喪失したが、1905年調印のポーツマス条約により、緯度50度線以南が日本領に復帰した(もともと共通法で内地とされ準内地的扱い。
- Although Japan once lost its sovereignty over Sakhalin as a result of unequal treaties signed from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, the southern area below latitude 50 degrees was reverted to Japan after the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905 (it was originally defined as the inland by the Common law and was treated as a quasi-territory.
- ただし、5世紀後半から6世紀には既に朝鮮半島での利権は縮小化し、磐井の乱でヤマト王権も朝鮮半島への興味を失うこととなり、もっぱら日本列島内で徐々に勢力を拡大していくようになる。
- However, Japan's hold on the Korean Peninsula had already decreased through the late 5th to the 6th century and the Yamato sovereignty also lost their interest in the Korean Peninsula due to the Iwai War, increasing its power only within the Japanese archipelago.
- 下巻巻頭には和歌の神とされる住吉明神(住吉大社)の景観が描かれた図があり、上巻巻頭にも、現在は失われているが、玉津姫明神または賀茂御祖神社の景観図があったものと推定されている。
- Volume Two began with a landscape of Sumiyoshi Myojin (Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine) that enshrined the deity of Waka (Japanese poem), and it is assumed that Volume One also started with a landscape of Tamatsuhime Myojin or Kamomioya Shrine, although it has been lost.
- 長年の飢饉と平家の狼藉によって荒廃した都の治安回復を期待されたが、治安回復の失敗と大軍が都に居座ったことによる食糧事情の悪化、皇位継承への介入などにより後白河法皇と不和となる。
- Although he was expected to restore order in the capital that had been devastated by the long years of famine and Heike clan's violence he came to be on bad terms with Monk-Emperor Go-Shirakawa because of his failure to restore order, worsening food situation caused by the vast army staying in the capital and his intervention in the succession of the Imperial Throne.
- なお、『日本書紀』によれば、この時聖徳太子らが作った歴史書『国記』、『天皇記』は蘇我蝦夷・蘇我入鹿が滅ぼされた時に大部分焼失したが、焼け残ったものは天智天皇に献上されたという。
- In addition, according to 'Nihonshoki,' most of the history books, 'Kokki' (a National Record) and 'Tennoki' (a Record of the Emperors), which were written by Prince Shotoku et al., were burnt down when Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka were killed, but others which escaped the fire were presented to the Emperor Tenchi.
- しかしながら、親幕府派とされた九条家・西園寺家・中御門流一条家が後鳥羽院政を支える構造の形成と親朝廷派とみなされた源実朝の将軍就任によって幕府と対立する表立った理由が失われる。
- However, as Gotoba-in's government structure came to be formed (based on the support of the Kujo family, the Saionji family, and the Ichijo family in the lineage of the Nakamikado family), and as MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, who was considered to belong to the Imperial court faction, assumed the shogun post, the Imperial court lost reasons to confront the Kamakura bakufu.
- そして、1911年(明治44年)1月19日付の読売新聞社説に「もし両朝の対立をしも許さば、国家の既に分裂したること、灼然火を賭るよりも明かに、天下の失態之より大なる莫かるべし。
- In the editorial of Yomiuri Shinbun issued January 19, 1911, the following idea was proposed: 'If both dynasties are allowed to oppose each other, it is clear that the nation is divided and this is the fault of the government.
- 道隆の死去とその嫡男藤原伊周の失脚により、藤原道長が最高権力者となると、定子は一条の第1皇子敦康親王の母でありながら、実家の没落により後ろ盾のない無力な皇后に転落してしまった。
- When FUJIWARA no Michinaga became a person in paramount authority after the death of Michitaka and the downfall of his legitimate son FUJIWARA no Korechika, Teishi became a powerless empress due to the downfall of her family home, even if she was the mother of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, the first prince of Ichijo.
- しかし、幕権強化のために朝廷を利用することは尊王派の怒りを買い、文久2年(1862年)正月、老中安藤は江戸城坂下門外で襲撃され、一命は取り留めたが後に失脚した(坂下門外の変)。
- However, this provoked rage from those who advocated restoring power to the emperor, because the bakufu government still tried to use the emperor to fortify the power of the government, and roju Ando was attacked outside Sakashita-mon Gate, got severely injured, and eventually lost his power (the Sakashitamongai incident).
- 総兵力14000人に及ぶ諸藩兵は各方面から進軍、天誅組は善戦するものの、主将の中山忠光の命令が混乱して一貫せず兵たちは右往左往を余儀なくされ、忠光は人望をすっかり失ってしまった。
- The soldiers of various domains, reaching as many as 14,000 in total, marched on from every direct; Tenchu-gumi fought well, however, because the orders of the commander-in-chief Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA were confusing and incoherent, soldiers became panic-stricken and Tadamitsu completely lost popularity.
- 天智天皇は即位以前の天智天皇2年(663年)に百済の復興を企図して朝鮮半島へ出兵して新羅・唐連合軍と戦うことになったが、白村江の戦いでの大敗により百済復興戦争は大失敗に終わった。
- Before his accession, Emperor Tenchi took up arms against Siila and Tang allied forces to attempt the recovery of Baekje in 663 but this war turned into a fiasco due to the loss of the Battle of Hakusukinoe.
- 「橿原」の地名が早く失われたために宮跡は永らく不明であったが、江戸時代以来、多くの史家が「畝傍山東南橿原地」の記述を基に口碑や古書の蒐集を行っており、その成果は蓄積されていった。
- As the place-name 'Kashiara' had been lost so early that remains of Imperial Palace had been unknown for a long time; however, many historians began to collect legends and old books according to the description 'Unebiyama Tonan Kashiharachi' from the Edo period and after, so as to accumulate the achievements of collection.
- 1945年の第二次世界大戦終戦に伴い実効支配を喪失し、1945年9月2日、ポツダム宣言の条項を誠実に履行することを約束した降伏文書調印によって、正式に日本による朝鮮支配は終了した。
- Japan lost the effective control due to the end of the Second World War in 1945, and its rule of Korea officially ended upon signing the Instrument of Surrender in which they promised to follow the provisions in the Potsdam Declaration in good faith on September 2, 1945.
- また、永享11年の室町幕府の意見書でも「湯起請の失の深浅は、牓示姧曲の多少による」とされ、不当な主張をすれば湯起請の結果に反映されるとして、境相論の解決法として有効とみなしていた。
- A written opinion issued by the Muromachi bakufu in 1439 described that 'the degree of shitsu shows how maliciously Boji (signs placed at the border between territories) was distorted' and regarded it as an effective solution to disputes over the boundary between territories since an unreasonable claim would be reflected in the the result of yugisho.
- 大同 (日本)3年1月20日(808年)に行われた官司の統廃合により、中務省所属の縫殿寮に統合される(『日本後紀』の当該部分は一部失われているが、『官職秘抄』などに記されている)。
- With the elimination and consolidation of government officials on February 23, 808, it was incorporated into Nuidonoryo (Bureau of the Wardrobe and Court Ladies) belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) (the said part of 'Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan) was partly lost, but it was written in 'Kanshoku hisho' (a text describing rules of ceremony and etiquette to be observed in the imperial court and by samurai that was written during the early Heian period in around 1200) and so on.
- これ以降、力を失った本願寺に代わって織田氏に服属しようとする鈴木氏と、それに反対する反織田派との間で争いが起こり、鈴木孫一は1582年に土橋氏の当主を殺害、雑賀衆の主導権を握った。
- Then, within Saigato, a confrontation arose between the group that insisted the submission to the Oda clan, instead of supporting Hongan-ji Temple which had lost its influence, and the anti-Oda group who was opposed to it, then Magoichi SUZUKI killed the head of the Tsuchihashi clan in 1582, the Suzuki clan gripped the leadership of Saigashu.
- これは前々年から前年にかけて発生した正平一統の際に西園寺公重が南朝方に通じたとして失脚して吉野に逃れ、実俊が西園寺家の継承者であることに異論を挟む者がいなくなったことが大きかった。
- The appointment was greatly influenced by the fact that Kinshige SAIONJI had fled to Yoshino after his downfall at the Shohei itto as he had been suspected of having secret connections with the Southern Court, and no one objected to Sanetoshi being the successor of the Saionji family.
- 1862年春(文久2年夏)、島津久光の政略によって徳川慶喜・松平春嶽の2人が幕政に復帰すると、春嶽によって「将軍徳川家茂は上洛して帝にこれまでの失政を陳謝すべき」との進言が為された。
- In the spring of 1862, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and Shungaku MATSUDAIRA returned to the shogunate government due to political tactics of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, and Shungaku said 'Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA should go to Kyoto and apologize for his misgovernment to the Emperor.'
- 日本統治の第2期は西来庵事件の1915年から1937年の盧溝橋事件であり、国際情勢の変化、特に第一次世界大戦の結果、西洋諸国の植民地統治の権威が失墜し、民族主義が高揚した時期である。
- The second phase of Japanese rule was from 1915 when the Silaian Incident broke out to 1937 when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred, during which time the authority of colonialism by the Western countries fell and nationalism emerged due to the change of the world situation, especially after World War I.
- 一説には、竹内文書は焼失しておらず、『NARA(アメリカ国立公文書記録管理局)』または『国立公文書館(旧内閣文庫)』に保管されているのではないかとも言われているが、真偽は不明である。
- One version of the story is that Takeuchi monjo had not been destroyed by fire and it was kept in the 'United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)' or 'National Archives of Japan (former, Naikaku Bunko (literally, Cabinet Archives)', but this remains to be confirmed.
- 天正8年(1580年)には織田家に反旗を翻した播磨三木城主・別所長治を攻撃、途上において竹中半兵衛や古田重則といった有力家臣を失うものの、2年に渡る兵糧攻めの末、降した(三木合戦)。
- In 1580 he attacked Nagaharu BESSHO, who was a lord of Harima Miki Castle and rose in revolt ODA clan, and defeated him by starving strategy for two years, although he lost important vassals such as Hanbei TAKENAKA and Sigenori FURUTA (the battle at Miki) in the middle of the battle.
- 多くの学者の努力によって「大島本」などの「青表紙」系統の写本や当時はすでに失われてしまったと考えられていた「河内本」系統の写本など多くの古写本が発見され、学問的な比較作業が行われた。
- Many old manuscripts such as 'Oshimabon (Oshima book),' which is a manuscript in the 'Aobyoshibon' line, and the 'Kawachibon' line manuscripts (which had already been considered lost in those days) were found, and these manuscripts were compared from the academic perspective.
- 後鳥羽院は、将軍源実朝が暗殺された事を好機とし、皇権復興を企図して鎌倉幕府を倒そうとしたが失敗(承久の乱)、自身は流罪となった上、皇権の低下と朝廷へ執権北条氏の介入を招いてしまった。
- Gotoba-in tried to seize the opportunity of the assassination of Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, seeking to revive the imperial power and overthrow Kamakura Bakufu, but he failed (the Jokyu Rebellion); instead he was banished, and this brought about the weakening of imperial power and intervention in the Imperial Court by the regent Hojo clan.
- しかし、8代藩主伊達斉村以降は30歳に達せず早死にする藩主が多く、一門からの養子でかろうじて無嗣改易を免れる状況が続き、これによる藩政の沈滞化が幕末の失敗につながった物と考えられる。
- However, many domain lords of the Date clan after the eighth, Narimura DATE, died before thirty, and a child adoption from other Date families continued to avoid the Mushi-kaieki (degrading of a social rank for the extinction of a family line), which led to the weak administration of the domain and finally the fall of the Date clan at the end of the Edo Period.
- 井伊大老が試みていた、幕政を雄藩との協調体制から幕閣主導型に回帰させ、朝廷の政治化を阻止する、という路線が破綻したばかりか、幕府の権威も失墜し、幕末の尊王攘夷運動が激化する端緒となる。
- The Ii Tairo's policy to prevent the Imperial Court from taking initiatives in politics by removing the coalition of dominant clans from government in favor of the Shogunate government failed, and, not only that, but the authority of the Shogunate had begun to fade, leading to the escalation of the Sonno Joi Movement (the movement that supported the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).
- 一方、581年に建国された隋は中国大陸を統一し楊堅・煬帝の治世に4度の大規模な高句麗遠征を行ったもののいずれも失敗し、これが有力な原因となって弱体化、618年に煬帝が殺害されて滅んだ。
- On the other hand, the Sui Dynasty, which was founded in 581, unified mainland China, but their failure to achieve any results even after conducting four large scale expeditions to Kyoguryo during the reign of Yo Ken (Yang Jian) and Yo-dai (Emperor Yang) served as a major cause of its decline and finally its demise when Yo-dai was assassinated in 618.
- 1361年(正平16年 / 康安元年)12月8日 (旧暦)には、足利幕府の政争に敗れて失脚した幕府執事細川清氏の帰服を受け、清氏や楠木正儀らとともに京へ攻め込み、一時的に京を奪回する。
- On January 12, 1362, after the submission of Kiyouji HOSOKAWA, a steward of the bakufu who had lost his position in a political battle, he attacked Kyoto along with Kiyouji and Masanori KUSUNOKI and temporary recovered Kyoto.
- それまで「扶清滅洋」を旗印にしていた義和団は、清朝に失望し「掃清滅洋」(清を掃〔はら〕い洋を滅すべし)と変えるに至った(他に「清を平らぐ」、「清に反〔そむ〕く」などのバージョンもある)。
- The Boxers who had the slogan of 'Rescue the Qing Dynasty and Defeat Western Europe' lost their hope in the Qing dynasty and changed it to 'Overthrow Qing, Destroy the Foreigners' (There were other versions such as 'flatten Qing' or 'oppose Qing').
- しかし、称徳女帝が崩御して光仁天皇となり、道鏡が失脚すると、宝亀3年10月14日 (旧暦)(772年)に、墾田私有を許可する(が百姓は苦しませないように)と言う旨の太政官符が発布された。
- On November 17, 772 however, when Emperor Konin ascended the throne after the demise of Empress Shotoku, and Dokyo fell from power, a Daijokanpu which permitted the ownership of cultivated lands (on condition that farmers not be tormented) was promulgated.
- 飛鳥に残っていた有間皇子に、中大兄皇子の意を受けたと思われる蘇我赤兄が近づき、斉明天皇や中大兄皇子の失政を指摘し、自分は皇子の味方である事を伝え、斉明天皇と中大兄皇子打倒の計画を練った。
- Soga no Akae, supposedly under Naka no Oe no Oji's wishes, approached Arima no miko, who was staying behind in Asuka, by indicating the mistakes of the government under Empress Saimei and Naka no Oe no Oji and convinced Arima of his support and they plotted together to overthrow Empress Saimei and Naka no Oe no Oji.
- 第1次伊藤内閣の末期、条約改正の失敗の責任をとって外務大臣 (日本)を辞任した井上は、町村長ら地方自治運営の主体となる名望家層を結集させて、民党に対抗する保守政党を結成する構想を抱いた。
- Inoue, who resigned from his post as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs took responsibility for the failure of a treaty revision at the late stage of the first Ito cabinet by conceiving a plan to form a conservative party opposing minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party and Progressive Party that conflicted with the domain government when the Imperial Diet was inaugurated) by organizing men with high reputation such as mayors, who were the main constituent to manage local autonomies.
- しかし、大野自民党副総裁、平田四日市市長の死去と、北福井県知事、畑守敦賀市長が相次いで落選するなど、推進の中心人物を失い、1970年には中部圏開発整備本部が調査の打ち切りを発表した。)。
- However, in 1970 the headquarters of Chubu Area Development and Improvement (中部圏開発整備本部) announced the termination of the survey after the loss of key members of the alliance: ONO, the vice-president of the Liberal Democratic Party, and HIRATA, the mayor of Yokkaichi City, had both passed away, while KITA, the governor of Fukui Prefecture, and the mayor of Tsuruga City, HATAMORI (畑守), continually lost in the elections.
- 1865年(慶応元年)に実施された幕長戦争の失敗以降、江戸幕府の権威は失墜し、慶応2年になると京都では幕府の立てた(長州藩を朝敵とする内容の)制札が引き抜かれるという事件が頻発しだした。
- After their failure in the Baku-cho War (war between bakufu and Choshu) carried out in 1865, the authority of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) collapsed, and in 1867, the noticeboards (that says Choshu clan is Emperor's enemy) placed by the bakufu were frequently pulled out in Kyoto.
- なお始めの名称は「冷然院」であったが、たびたび火災による焼失と再建を繰り返したことから「然」の字が「燃」に通じ不吉であるとされて、天暦8年(954年)頃の再建の際に「冷泉院」に改称した。
- The original name was 'Reizenin' (冷然院), and it was renamed 'Reizeiin' (冷泉院) when it was restored around 954, because 'Reizenin' (冷然院) was considered unlucky for the reason that the character of '然' was similar to '燃' which means 'burn'; in fact, it had burned out and been restored a few times.
- 北京には八旗や北洋軍ほかおよそ4万人強の兵力が集められたが、さきに天津から進攻する連合軍との戦いで敗れ、戦死あるいは戦意喪失による逃亡によって城攻防戦の際にはすでに多くの兵が失われていた。
- The military force consisted of the Eight Banners and Beiyang army as well as 40,000 soldiers, but many soldiers were already lost at the time of the battle of the castle, having been killed in battle or having lost the will to fight and fled when being defeated by the allied forces invading from Tianjin.
- このため、永禄7年(1564年)5月に久秀の讒言を信じて弟・安宅冬康を誅殺してしまった長慶は、後に冬康の無実を知ると失意の内に病に倒れ、自らも7月に死去してしまった(久秀の暗殺説もある)。
- Therefore, Nagayoshi, who believed the false charge made by Hisahide and killed his younger brother Fuyuyasu ATAGI in May 1564, later realized that Fuyuyasu was innocent and fell sick, and died in July the same year (some speculate that Nagayoshi was assassinated by Hisahide)
- その後、応仁の乱に際して聖護院と若王子社は兵火にかかって焼失したが、1545年(天文 (元号)14年)および1564年(永禄7年)の令旨に見られるように、熊野三山検校職それ自体は存続した。
- Afterwards, Shogoin Temple and Nyakuoji-sha Shrine were burnt down by an army fire in the Onin War; however, Kumano Sanzan Kengyo's post itself continued to exist as seen in the ryoji (orders issued by princes, empresses, etc.) issued in 1545 and 1564.
- しかし承久の乱(1221年)以降の天皇の権威の失墜は著しく、元寇に当たっての外交的処理や唐船派遣などの外国貿易など、いずれも鎌倉幕府の主導の下に行われており、武家一元化の動向を示していた。
- However, the loss of the Emperor's authority after the Jokyu War (1221) was remarkable, and like diplomatic efforts against Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and foreign trade, sending ships to Tang, they were both lead by the Kamakura Bakufu, and showed the unity of power amongst Buke.
- また、嫡流男系が郷士西山氏や織田(おりた)氏として土着したという記録もあり、これが事実であるとすると嫡流男系は正式な武士としての身分は失ったものの、士分の階層には留まり存続したことになる。
- There is a record that descendants in the direct line of the Oda family were indigenized as goshi (country samurai), the Nishiyama clan and Orita clan, and if it is true, the descendants lost formal samurai status, but stayed in the samurai class and survived.
- 大正10年(1921年)の山脇毅による「平瀬本源氏物語」の発見をはじめとする河内本諸写本の発見等によりすでに失われてしまったと考えられていた良質の河内本系の本文が実際に利用可能になったこと。
- The good-quality Kawachi-bon line text which had been considered already lost actually became available thanks to Hatasu YAMAWAKI's discovery of the various kinds of Kawachi-bon manuscripts such as 'Hirase-bon manuscript of The Tale of Genji' in 1921.
- 晩年は老耄だったようで、人前で小便を漏らすこともあったとされる(大河ドラマ・独眼竜政宗 (NHK大河ドラマ)および功名が辻 (NHK大河ドラマ)では晩年の秀吉が失禁するシーンが描かれた。)。
- In his last years he became senile and it is said he had incontinence in front of people (in NHK saga drama such as 'Dokuganryu Masamune' and 'Komyo ga Tsuji' (Crossroads of the Achievement), there were scenes that old Hideyoshi had incontinence).
- しかし、頼貞の生前の散財に加え、頼貞が1954年に没した後に借金返済のために遺族が興した事業は次々と失敗に終わり、更に家庭内のスキャンダルも重なったため、戦後はマスコミの格好の餌食となった。
- However, not only did the family suffer Yorisada's squandering during his lifetime, but also the businesses it had launched after his death in 1954 to pay off the debt made by him failed one after another, and furthermore, a scandal took place in the family; thus, during the post-war period, the Kishu family fell victim to the burning curiosity of the mass media.
- ただ千葉道場で塾頭を勤めたことや同世代の人物の証言に「免許皆伝を伝授された」という証言も残るため、免許皆伝状は単に現存していないものと思われる(龍馬の遺品は災害や盗難等で幾つか損失している)。
- But considering the fact that Ryoma once became president of the disciples of the Chiba dojo and that his contemporaries testified to the fact that Ryoma was conferred the full mastership, the certificate of the full mastership actually conferred upon him is thought to be no longer exist (some of the personal mementos left by Ryoma have been lost by disaster or theft).
- 被害の総計は、死者2,925名(京都府内・2,898名)、負傷者7,806人、全壊1万2,584棟、半壊9,443戸、焼失8,287戸、全焼6,459戸、半焼96戸であり、大災害へと発展した。
- The statistics for the damage, which show the extent of the catastrophe, are as follows: 2,925 deaths (2,898 deaths in Kyoto City); 7,806 injuries; 12,584 homes destroyed; 9,443 homes partially destroyed; 8,287 homes burned to the ground; 6,459 homes burned; 96 homes partially burned.
- 文政7年(1824年)5月から鋳造が始まり、同年7月2日より初めて発行されたが、金純度も低く偽金貨のような色を呈し割れやすいもので、その上、小さくて扱いづらく紛失しやすい事もあり不評であった。
- The minting started in May 1824, and the first coin was issued on July 27 of the same year, but Isshukin was not popular because of low purity of gold, its color looking like a false gold coin and fragility, and also because it was lost easily due to a small size and difficulty in handling.
- しかし政峯の死後、後を継いだ第6代藩主の小堀政方は伏見奉行などを歴任し、さらに老中として権勢を振るった田沼意次に対して協力的な態度をとったため、田沼時代も末期の天明5年(1785年)に失脚した。
- However, Masamichi KOBORI, who succeeded to deceased Masamine as the sixth lord of the domain, had served in the posts including Fushimi bugyo, but was overthrown in 1785, the end of the Tanuma period, because he was cooperative with Okitsugu TANUMA who was influential as Roju (senior councilor).
- 1月から2月にかけては箱館・五稜郭の整備にあたり、3月には新政府軍襲来の情報が入ったため、歳三は新政府軍の東艦奪取を目的とした宮古湾海戦に参加、作戦は失敗し多数の死傷者が出るも、歳三は生還する。
- He was engaged in consolidating Hakodate/Goryokaku from January to February, and when the news of an attack by the army of the new government reached his ears in March Toshizo participated in Naval Battle of Miyakowan which targeted to seize Azuma-kan of the army of the new government; however, this operation failed, and many died or were wounded, but Toshizo managed to return safely.
- 続いて2日後には岩倉具視にも別に書簡を送り、通貨改革を行なわなければ却って「万民の信」を失い、外国からは不正の汚名を着せられることになるとして、大久保に対する説得と大隈への助力を求めたのである。
- Two days following this, KIDO sent a separate letter to Tomomi IWAKURA, asking him to persuade OKUBO and helping OKUMA, saying that if the currency reform is not put through, the 'people's trust' will be lost and Japan would be branded by foreign countries with fraud.
- 特に仲麻呂は淳仁天皇を擁立すると、息子3人(藤原真先・藤原訓儒麻呂・藤原朝狩)を参議とし前代未聞の親子4人を公卿とするなど権力を独占したが、天平宝字8年(764年)藤原仲麻呂の乱により失脚した。
- Nakamaro, in particular, backed Emperor Junnin and made his three sons (FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari) sangi (councilors of state), whereby four people of Nakamaro and his sons became nobles and seized the dominant power; however, they fell from power as a result of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's war in 764.
- しかし、相撲の司家としての五条家の名声は、熊本藩主・細川氏の家臣である13代吉田司家当主吉田追風が積極的な相撲興行を展開し、江戸相撲において横綱免許を発給するようになってから失墜することとなる。
- However, the Gojo family's prestige as Sumai no Tsukasa family became tarnished when a vassal of the Lord of the Kumamoto Domain Hosokawa Clan, Oikaze YOSHIDA, the thirteenth head of the Yoshida Tsukasa family, actively organized professional sumo performances and issued yokozuna licenses in Edo zumo (Edo sumo wrestling).
- つまり、京の貴族社会から脱落しかけていた状況を、当時多発していた田堵負名、つまり地方富豪層の反受領武装闘争の鎮圧の任に当たり、武功を朝廷に認定させることによって失地回復を図ったとも考えられている。
- After that, Takamochi, who had fallen from aristocratic society in Kyoto, tried to restore his status by suppressing anti-Zuryo (provincial governors) movements, which were frequently being staged by tax collectors of the upper class in the province, and thereby highlighting his military prowess to the Imperial Court.
- 第二に、『自由民権運動』の看板を掲げながら、思想よりはむしろ感情で行動する失業士族の多い当時の日本の国情を踏まえれば、『政党政治の早期断行には「小党分立による国政の迷走」というリスクが伴う』こと。
- Secondly, 'the premature implementation of party government would involve a risk of 'political confusion caused by divisions between small parties,'' if Japan's then situation, in which many unemployed warriors took emotional rather than ideological action under the banner of 'the Movement for Liberty and People's Rights,' were taken into account.
- その後内侍司となった朧月夜と源氏の関係が発覚したことで、源氏の失脚を謀り須磨への追放に成功したが、父太政大臣(元右大臣)の死去、また自らの病で力を失い、朱雀帝の源氏召還を止めることができなかった。
- After that, when Genji's affair with Oborozukiyo who was Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) was revealed, the Empress Kokiden succeeded in ruining Genji and exiling him to Suma; when her father Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister and ex-Minister of the Right) died and her own health deteriorated due to illness, however, she couldn't stop the Emperor Suzaku from pardoning Genji.
- 黒田内閣による民党分裂工作と条約改正交渉の失敗、第1次山縣内閣による民党買収による予算通過、第1次松方内閣による選挙干渉事件などが、却って議会の審議を停滞させたばかりでなく、一般国民の反発を買った。
- Debates at the Diet slowed down and the citizens protested because: the Kuroda administration failed to break the minto apart and revised the treaty; the first Yamagata administration had their budget approved by bribing the minto; and the first Matsukata administration interfered with the election.
- とりわけ開化派人士や、幼児等も含むその近親者への残酷な処刑は福澤らをして激しい失望感を呼び起こし、福澤は、天津条約締結の前月には自身が主宰する時事新報の紙面において、いわゆる脱亜論を発表するに至る。
- As FUKUZAWA and his colleagues were deeply disappointed by the cruel execution to the sophisticated people of the Progressive Party and their relatives including children in particular, FUKUZAWA came to publish Datsua ron (a theory of turning away from Asia) in the Japanese newspaper Jiji Shinpo led by himself, on the previous month of the Tientsin Convention.
- 新渡戸は現地の教育関係者との会談において日本における宗教的教育の喪失に突き当たった結果、『武士道』(Bushido The Soul of Japan)を明治33年(1900年)に英語版で刊行した。
- Nitobe had meetings with educators there and found the loss of religious education in Japan and as a result he published 'Bushido' in English in 1900.
- しかし、この盟約は結果的に履行されることはなく、氏真およびその子孫が領主の座に戻らなかったことから、一般的には、この掛川城の開城をもって戦国大名としての今川氏の滅亡(統治権の喪失)と解釈されている。
- However, this pact was not fulfilled in the end, and because neither Ujizane nor his descendants returned to the position as the lord, and in general, this surrender of Kakegawa-jo Castle is interpreted as the downfall (loss of sovereignty) of the Imagawa clan as a warlord.
- 応仁の乱に際しては義敏も義廉も領国に下ってその一円支配を目指すものの、遠江国を今川氏に、越前国を朝倉氏に奪われて領国の大半を失い、尾張国で義敏の子孫が守護代の織田氏に推戴されて存続するのみとなった。
- During the Onin War, Yoshitoshi and Yoshikado went down to their own territories to reign the whole region; however, the Shiba clan lost most of its own territories after Totomi Province was captured by the Imagawa clan and Echizen Province by the Asakura clan, and only a descendant of Yoshitoshi remained in Owari Province as recommended by the Oda clan, which was Shugodai.
- 1912年末には島原競馬場の賃借期限が迫り、また火災で競馬場が焼失する被害を受けたため、1913年に競馬場を京都府船井郡須知町(現 京丹波町、旧 丹波町)に移転し1923年春季まで競馬が開催された。
- Since the lease contract for Shimabara Race Track expired at the end of 1912 and the Track was damaged by fire, the horse track was relocated to Shuchi-cho, Funai County Kyoto Prefecture (presently, Kyotanba-cho, former Tanba-cho) in 1913 and horse racing was held there until the spring of 1923.
- これは農民の要求を受け入れたものだが、この措置のおかげで選挙権を失うものが続出、誰も立候補できずに村長が選べない村も出るという弊害も生まれた(当時は一定額の直接税を納めないと選挙権が得られなかった)。
- This measure was taken due to the peasants' demands, however it brought bad effects that many residents lost the right to vote, and that some villages could not have the next chiefs since nobody could not run for chief in fact (in those days it was necessary to have paid a certain amount of direct taxes to have the right to vote).
- 鉄砲による損害に関しては「三段撃ちこそ無かったものの、1000丁という大量の鉄砲の一斉掃射による轟音によって武田の馬が冷静さを失い、騎馬隊を大混乱に陥れたのではないか」とする説がある(井沢元彦ほか)。
- Concerning the damage done by the teppo, some scholars (such as Motohiko IZAWA) have suggested that 'although the sandan-uchi tactics was not carried out, the horses of the Takeda cavalry were upset when 1,000 teppo were fired at the same time and brought it into great confusion.'
- 大輪田泊の永久的修築の計画は源頼朝・源義仲の挙兵にはじまる内乱とそれにつづく平氏の失権により中絶してしまったが、福原京に建てられた建造物群もまた治承・寿永の内乱のなかで源義仲によって全て焼き払われた。
- The plan for the permanent reconstruction of Owada no tomari was derailed by the uprising of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and the following downfall of Taira clan, but all the buildings in Fukuhara-kyo were also burnt down by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka in Jisho-Juei Civil War.
- 尊氏による足利幕府開府後、足利家の執事である高師直と尊氏の弟の足利直義の対立が激化して観応の擾乱が起こり、師直のクーデタにより直義が失脚すると、義詮は京都へ呼び戻され直義に代わり幕府の政務を任される。
- After Takauji established the Ashikaga Shogunate, the opposition intensified between the Ashikaga family's Shituji (Shogun's deputy), Moronao KO, and Takauji's brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, and led to the Kanno Disturbance; then Tadayoshi fell to Moronao's coup and Yoshiakira was recalled to Kyoto and assumed control of the Shogunate in Tadayoshi's place.
- なお、『日本書紀』によれば、推古天皇28年(620年)に聖徳太子や蘇我馬子によって編纂されたとされる『天皇記』・『国記』の方がより旧い史書であるが、皇極天皇4年(645年)の乙巳の変とともに焼失した。
- In addition, according to 'Nihonshoki,' 'Tennoki' (a Record of the Emperors), and 'Kokki' which were regarded to be compiled by Prince Shotoku and SOGA no Umako in 620 were older history books, but they were burnt at the Isshi no hen (the Murder in the Year of Isshi) in 645.
- しかし、これらの事件当時の建物は鳥羽・伏見の戦いの兵火で焼失しており、現在の京都市伏見区南浜町263番地にある建物は当時の敷地の西隣に建てられたものである(明治38年(1905年)に登記されている)。
- However, the building at the time of the incident was burned down during the Battle in Toba-Fushimi; in fact, the current building in 263 Minamihama-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City was built to the west of the Teradaya of the incident (the current building was registered in 1905).
- 五味文彦の研究は、八代がその著書の結びとした「鎌倉時代の根本資料として価値を失わざるのみならず、恐らくは之に比敵するものあらざるべし」という方向で、更に具体的に研究と推論を発展させたものといえるだろう。
- Fumihiko GOMI's study could be said to have been developed from Yashiro's conclusion in his book: 'not only does it not lose its value as source material for the Kamakura period, but there is also no comparative work,' changing his study and conjecture more concretely.
- 大久保らは大政奉還により大義名分が失われたとして討幕の密勅を猶予する沙汰書を黙殺し、藩論を率兵上洛(藩兵を率いて上洛する)へとりまとめ、武力討幕を目的とした薩摩・長州・安芸3藩による出兵同盟を締結する。
- Okubo and others ignored an instruction to postpone a secret Imperial command to attack the Shogunate, saying it could no longer be justified since the Taisei Hokan, encouraged the domains to send their troops to Kyoto and arranged an alliance of three domains, Satsuma, Choshu and Aki, for the dispatch of troops for the purpose of overthrowing the Shogunate with military force.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- その後、麹屋側の巻き返しにより天文_(元号)14年(1545年)には再度北野麹座による麹の独占が許されるものの、室町幕府の権威が完全に失墜した状況下では時は既に遅く、やがて麹造りは酒屋業の一工程となった。
- After that, though the monopoly of the koji malt by Kitano koji za was permitted again in 1545 due to the catch up by Kitano koji za, it was too late, as the Muromachi bakufu had fallen from power, and the production of koji malt had become integrated into the sakaya industry.
- しかし、同藩の桂小五郎(のちの木戸孝允)や久坂玄瑞、久留米の神官・真木和泉ら尊王攘夷派は、幕府の権力強化につながるこの策に猛反対し、長井は失脚させられて、以後長州の藩論は尊王攘夷の最過激派へと転換される。
- However, Kogoro KATSURA (later Koin KIDO) and Genzui KUSAKA from the Choshu clan, and people of Sonno Joi ha, such as Izumi MAKI of Kurume, firmly opposed this policy because they thought it would lead to a restrengthening of the bakufu's power, and thus they brought down Nagai, and the Choshu clan returned to the radical Sonno Joi philosophy of restoring power to the emperor and expelling foreigners.
- 幕府の臣下であるはずの水戸藩へ朝廷から直接勅書が渡されたということは幕府が蔑ろにされ威信を失墜させられたということであったため、幕府は勅条の内容を秘匿し、大老井伊直弼による安政の大獄を起こす引き金となった。
- The fact that the chokusho was delivered directly from the Imperial Court to the Mito Domain that was regarded as a vassal of the bakufu meant that the bakufu was ignored and lost its dignity, so the bakufu kept the contents of the document confidential, which led to trigger the Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the bakufu) by Naosuke II, Tairo (chief minister).
- やがて政争で失脚した細川清氏などの有力武将が南朝勢力に加担し、1361年(正平 (日本)16年/康安元年)には清氏や南朝の楠木正儀らに京都を占領され、義満は赤松則祐の居城播磨国白旗城へ避難を余儀なくされた。
- Kiyouji HOSOKAWA and other potential military commanders supported the Southern Imperial Court, and in 1361, when Kiyouji and Masanori KUSUNOKI of the Southern Imperial Court occupied Kyoto, Yoshimitsu was obliged to escape to the Shirahata Castle in Harima Province.
- 河野は先例を破って、奉答文中に「今ヤ国運ノ興隆洵々ニ千載ノ一遇ナルニ当リテ、閣臣ノ施設之ニ伴ハス内政ハ弥縫ヲ事トシ、外交ハ機宜ヲ失シ」その他を綴って内閣を弾劾し、国民の意思を明治天皇の耳にいれようと謀った。
- KONO broke with the precedent and added words such as, 'Now the national prosperity meets a chance in a million, but the Cabinet doesn't follow this and the internal administration takes a stopgap policy so that we lose the chance in diplomacy' into Hotobun and impeached the Cabinet, so that he could let the Meiji emperor know of people's voice.
- 一方このときの福知山藩の財政状態は朽木家二代目朽木稙元を始めとして苦しいもので、その建て直しをはかってたびたび財政改革を行おうとするものの、たびたび百姓による強訴が起きるなど失敗に終わってしまうのであった。
- On the other hand, the financial situation of the Fukuchiyama clan at the time was dire ever since the rule of the second domain head of Tanemoto KUTSUKI in the Kutsuki family, and while the domain head repeatedly carried out fiscal reforms in order to improve the situation, these reforms resulted in failure due to frequent riots by farmers.
- 天文5年(1536年)には少弐氏を再び滅亡に追いやり、天文9年(1540年)から天文10年(1541年)には吉田郡山城の戦いで尼子氏を撃破したが、同年の月山富田城の戦いに敗北し、養子の大内晴持を失っている。
- In 1536, he drove the Shoni clan to a fall again, and obliterated the Amago clan at the Battle of Yoshida Koriyama-jo Castle from 1540 to 1541, however, he was defeated at the Battle of Gassan Toda-jo Castle in the same year, and lost his adopted son, Harumochi OUCHI.
- 『大鏡』は天智・天武の継承では大友皇子の即位に触れないが、別のところで「大友皇子はやがて帝になり、帝のまま失せた」と記す、また「この皇子は太政大臣の位で、つぎにはやがて同じ年のうちにみかどとなった」とも書く。
- 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) did not state the enthronement of Prince Otomo in the section of the succession of Tenchi and Tenmu, but says that 'Prince Otomo became an emperor and died as an emperor,' and 'this prince held the post of Grand Minister and became the emperor in the same year.'
- その一方で、オオクチバスやブルーギルをはじめとする外来種の侵入や1992年の琵琶湖水位操作規則の改訂、内湖の消失、水田とのネットワークの分断等によって固有の生物相が大きく攪乱を受け、漁獲高が激減した種も多い。
- On the other hand, the catches of many species have been significantly reduced by the disturbance of native species, caused by the invasion of introduced fish such as the largemouth bass and bluegill, the amendment of the Ordinance on Control of Water Level (琵琶湖水位操作規則の改訂) in 1992, the loss of lagoons and the disconnection of the lake from the network of paddy fields.
- しかし平安時代になるころから地域社会での階層分化が激しく進み、資本となる動産を蓄積し、安定経営を成し遂げた少数の富豪百姓が、経営が破綻して口分田を失った零細百姓層を隷属下に収めていく動きが激しくなっていった。
- However, starting from about the Heian period, the rank differentiation was developed dramatically in regional society, and actions by a small number of rich peasants, who had accumulated movable assets and achieved stable business to enslave poor peasants who had lost their kubunden (the farm land given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system) due to failed management became more popular.
- 勝の庇護を失った龍馬であるが、勝の紹介で西郷吉之助(西郷隆盛)を頼って大阪の薩摩藩邸に保護されるこれには、薩摩藩側が龍馬らの航海技術に利用価値を感じた点も大きいと指摘されている(松浦玲『検証・龍馬伝説』など)。
- Although Ryoma lost support from KATSU, Ryoma asked Kichinosuke SAIGO (Takamori SAIGO) for help on referral from KATSU, and Ryoma was harbored at Satsuma clan's house in Osaka, on which some point out that Satsuma clan helped Ryoma because they thought that Ryoma would be of vital use to navigation skills ('Verification: The Legend of Ryoma' by Rei MATSUURA).
- ところが、大久保忠教は旗奉行の不首尾は古参譜代衆を差し置いて新参者に旗奉行のような要職を任せた家康の失態であり、高齢の家康には汚名返上の機会はないと思い、旗は倒れなかったと主張して聞かなかったという逸話がある。
- An anecdote is told about this, however, that Tadataka OKUBO strongly insisted that the flag was never fallen, because he worried that if it was revealed that the failure of Hata bugyo was attributable to failure of Ieyasu who left such an important post as Hata bugyo to newcomers by neglecting senior fudaishu (hereditary daimyo), no opportunity would be left for old-age Ieyasu to clear such dishonor.
- そして、1493年(明応2)の明応の政変前後を契機として、低下した権威の復活に失敗した守護大名は、守護代・国人などにその地位を奪われて没落し、逆に国人支配の強化に成功した守護大名は、領国支配を一層強めていった。
- Starting around the Meio-no-seihen (明応の政変) in 1493, the shugo daimyo that had failed to regain authority were ousted from their positions by shugo-dai and kokujin, while those that succeeded in tightening the control of the kokujin further strengthened the provincial control.
- これによって部落問題が差別から解放されたわけではなく、むしろ江戸時代に有していた所有地の無税扱や死牛馬取得権などの独占権を喪失した事、大木の構想した生活改善事業も行われなかった事により、部落の生活水準は下降した。
- This did not emancipate Buraku problem (issue of discrimination against certain hamlets) from discrimination, in reverse the living standard of those Buraku (hamlets) declined because Buraku people lost the exclusive rights of non tax treatment of their demesne and acquisition of carcasses that they had enjoyed since Edo period and the service of life bettering was not carried out which was planned by OKI.
- 当時、各国公使と軍艦は和泉国・摂津国の間にあったから、明治政府は憂慮し、イギリス公使ハリー・パークスに調停を求めたが失敗、22日、明治政府はやむなく賠償金15万ドルの支払いと暴行者の処刑などすべての主張を飲んだ。
- At that time, as foreign ministers and warships resided or anchored in between Izumi Province and Settsu Province, the deeply concerned Meiji government asked the England minister, Harry Smith Parkes, to mediate the matter, but the attempt failed and on March 15, the Meiji government reluctantly accepted all the conditions including compensation of 150 thousand dollars and the beheading of the Japanese offenders.
- また軍を解散させると職を失った大量の兵士達が社会不安の要因となってしまうというものだが、征服した現地兵を次の戦争に投入することは元ではよく行われており、日本との戦いのときのみことさら強調すべきこととは考えにくい。
- It is also said that dissolving the army would cause social anxiety by producing numerous unemployed soldiers, but the Yuan Dynasty often sent local conquered soldiers to the next war and it could not be particularly emphasized only in the case of war with Japan.
- 嘉靖36年(日本の永禄元年/1558年)、大友氏の使僧とともに寧波に送り返されたものの、既に楊宜は趙文華・胡宗憲らによって失脚させられており、却って捕えられて四川省に配流されて7年間にわたって牢に押し込められた。
- When Cheng Shun-kung returned to Ningpo, China together with an envoy monk of the Otomo clan, 楊宜 had already lost his position by 趙文華 and 胡宗憲 -- On the contrary, Cheng Shun-kung was arrested and exiled to Sichuan and imprisoned there for seven years.
- 前者だけを満たす場合、「半文明国」とされて国家として承認されるものの、西欧諸国と同等の扱いを受けることはできず、不平等条約(関税自主権喪失・領事裁判権及び広範な治外法権の設定等)によって著しく劣等な立場に置かれた。
- If only the first condition was approved, the country would be recognized as a state but considered a 'Semi-civilized nation,' which would not be treated equal to Western countries and would have to bear disadvantage originated from unequal treaties (by losing tariff autonomy, setting up of consular jurisdiction and chigaihoken [extraterritoriality]).
- しかしながら、この頼朝の提案が事実とすれば為仁親王の外祖父である土御門通親は勿論のこと、守貞に譲位されれば治天の資格を喪失することになる後鳥羽院はともに強く反発したと予想され、朝幕関係は極めて緊張したと考えられる。
- However, if Yoritomo's proposal was true, it is supposed that not only Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO, the maternal grandfather of Imperial Prince Tamehito, but also Gotoba-in (the Retired Emperor Gotoba), who would lose the power to control the nation if Morisada became Emperor, opposed it strongly: it is also thought that relations between the Imperial court and the bakufu were seriously strained at this time.
- 一条は、伊周の失脚を嘆いて内裏を退出し出家していた定子をあえて再度入内させて世人の批判を浴びるほど定子を深く愛しており、彰子の立后には消極的であったが、長い逡巡の末、周囲の説得もあってついに道長の意向を受け入れた。
- Ichijo loved Teishi who moaned about the downfall of Korechika, retired from the Imperial Palace and entered into priesthood so much that he had her enter into court again regardless of criticism of people, and although he was reluctant to the investiture of the Empress to Akiko, he was persuaded by those around him to accept the intention of Michinaga in the end.
- 11世紀中期の一国平均役によって、朝廷・国衙の事業に必要な経費分だけが徴税される税制に変更されていくと、貯蔵すべき税収の余剰が出る余地も失われたために、不動穀は制度的な根拠を失って事実上消滅してしまったとされている。
- In the middle of the 11th century Ikkoku Heikin Yaku (flat rate tax imposed from time to time) was introduced and tax system was changed so as to collect the tax just to cover the expenses required for the affairs of the Imperial court and its provincial offices; this change removed the possibility of having a tax income surplus to be stored; it is said that due to this loss of basis in the tax system, fudokoku virtually disappeared.
- 前述のように大滝集落から水ヶ峯にかけての区間が高野龍神スカイラインの建設で失われたことに加え、水ヶ峯から大股にかけての尾根道に林道タイノ原線が建設されたことで、尾根上の古道は無残にも破壊され、古道は完全に損なわれた。
- As explained above, the section from Otaki Village to Mizugamine was lost by the construction of Koya Ryujin Skyline, and the old road on the ridge from Mizugamine to Omata was destroyed and lost completely by the construction of the Forestry Road Tainohara Route.
- 明法家に代表される中世的職務世襲的家系の発生が令外の官の成立と深く影響しあっている例としては、検非違使の裁判権拡大にともない刑部省の量刑機能が失われていき、明法家が罪名を勘申することが広く定着していく様などに見られる。
- One example that emergence of medieval hereditary lineage of duties such as Myobo-ke and formation of ryoge no kan closely influence each other is the process in which the function of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) to determine appropriate punishment was lost as jurisdiction of kebiishi expanded and it became common for Myobo-ke to recommend charges.
- この疑問に対して『源氏物語』を著したのは藤原氏の紫式部ではなく源氏の源高明らであるとする推理作家である藤本泉の説、恨みをはらんで失脚していった源氏の怨霊を静める為であるという逆説の日本史などで論じた井沢元彦の説がある。
- As to these questions, Sen FUJIMOTO, a mystery writer, made a supposition that it was not Murasaki Shikibu of the Fujiwara clan but Takaakira MINAMOTO of the Genji clan who wrote 'The Tale of Genji,' and Motohiko IZAWA argued in 'The Paradoxical History of Japan' that it was to console the vengeful ghost of the Genji clan that had fallen, thereby holding a grudge.
- 亀山は失意のうちに正応2年に出家(41歳)し、翌正応3年に霜月騒動で所領を失った武士浅原為頼らが内裏に乱入し伏見を殺害しようとする事件が起きると関与を疑われ、起請文を幕府に提出して身の潔白を主張しなければならなかった。
- Kameyama was disappointed and became a priest in 1289 (aged 41), and was accused of being involved in an incident where bushi Tameyori ASAHARA and others who lost their territory during the Shimotsuki Incident, invaded the Imperial Palace and tried to assassinate Fushimi, and had to submit an appeal to the bakufu to clear his name in 1290.
- 1888年(明治21年)に制定された市制・町村制、1890年(明治23年)に制定された府県制・郡制により(具体的には郡制附則の規定により同法施行時に)、各府県において1900年(明治33年)までに順次廃止または失効した。
- By 1900, Gun-ku-cho-son Henseiho was abolished or revoked one after another in every prefectures since 1888 when Shi Sei (a system of cities) and Cho Son Sei (a system of towns and villages) were enacted and 1890 when Fu Ken Sei (a system of prefectures) and Gun Sei (a system of counties) were enacted (precisely enforced in accordance with the supplementary provision in Gun Sei).
- 「九郎が三浦十郎義連(佐原義連)ら勇士を率いて、鵯越(この山は猪、鹿、兎、狐の外は通れぬ険阻である)において攻防の間に、(平氏は)商量を失い敗走、或いは一ノ谷の舘を馬で出ようと策し、或いは船で四国の地へ向かおうとした。」
- 'While Kuro led brave warriors such as Juro Yoshitsura MIURA (Yoshitsura SAHARA) and engaged in an offensive and defensive battle at Hiyodorigoe (this mountain had a steep precipice and only a wild boar, a deer, a rabbit, and a fox could pass through the mountain), the Taira clan lost concentration of their consideration about their strategy and retreated, some of whom attempted to get out of Ichinotani-jo Castle by horse, and some attempted to escape into the Shikoku region by ship.'
- 王政復古の大号令は、慶応3年10月14日 (旧暦)に征夷大将軍徳川慶喜が政権を返上(大政奉還)し討幕の大義名分が失われたため、討幕派であった岩倉具視や大久保利通らが、討幕の大義名分を得るために決行したクーデターであった。
- The Declaration of Imperial Rule was a kind of coups staged by the anti-shogunate movement of Tomomi IWAKURA, Toshimichi OKUBO and others in order to justify their movement against the Tokugawa shogunate after they lost their official rationale to defeat the shogunate through Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA's voluntary Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) on November 9, 1867.
- 現在のものは二十巻からなり、「四鏡」(現在亡失)を継承して、寿永3年(1183年)の後鳥羽天皇の即位から元弘3年(1333年)後醍醐天皇が隠岐に流され、その後、京都に戻るまでの、15代150年の事跡を編年体で述べている。
- The existing text consists of 20 volumes, and succeeding the other shikyo (now lost), it annalistically covers 150 years and the reigns of 15 Emperors, from Emperor Gotoba's accession to the throne in 1183 to Emperor Godaigo's exile on Oki island, and ends with his coming back to Kyoto in 1333.
- ただその場所については諸説があり、もっとも一般的な説は、明暦の大火によって、それまで評定の行われた酒井雅楽頭と安藤右京亮の屋敷が消失したため、以降伝奏屋敷を仕切って評定所を置いたというものである(石井良助・服藤弘司など)。
- Among some theories about its location, the most common one suggests that it would have been placed in the compartment in the denso-yashiki (a residence for the imperial envoy) after residences of Sakai Uta no kami (the Sakai clan, Director of Music) and Ukyo no suke (Assistant Master of the Western Capital Offices), where the trials had been held were burnt down by the Great Fire of Meireki (according to Ryosuke ISHII, Koji FUKUHIRO and others).
- 兵力の差は歴然で、少弐貞経が足利軍のために調達した装備は菊池軍の大宰府攻撃の際に焼失していたため、当初は宮方の菊池軍が優勢であったが、菊池軍に大量の裏切りが出たため戦況は逆転し、菊池軍は総崩れで敗走し、阿蘇惟直は戦死する。
- At first Kikuchi's forces on the Imperial side were superior because the Ashikaga forces were greatly outnumbered and the military equipment obtained by Sadatsune SHONI was destroyed by fire during the attack of Dazaifu; the situation, however, was reversed due to betrayal by many warriors in Kikuchi's forces: leading Kikuchi's forces to collapse and flee, and in the meantime, Korenao ASO died in battle.
- 1376年には紀伊での南朝方の活動に対して頼之は弟の細川頼元を総大将とし派遣するが鎮圧に失敗し、成長した3代将軍義満は反頼之派の山名氏を派遣させ、また大和での軍事活動には復帰した斯波義将や土岐頼康ら反頼之派に軍勢を与える。
- In 1376, Yoriyuki made his younger brother Yorimoto HOSOKAWA supreme military commander and dispatched him to counter the Southern Court's military maneuvers in the Kii peninsula, but Yorimoto failed to subjugate the area, and the third Shogun Yoshimitsu, who had now reached adulthood, had the leader of the Yamana clan, a member of the anti-Yoriyuki faction, to sent as a replacement; moreover, he granted appointments to others of the anti-Yoriyuki faction, including Yoriyasu TOKI and the rehabilitated Yoshimasa SHIBA, to command military activities in Yamato.
- 初代である松殿基房が高倉天皇の関白だった1179年、後白河天皇と平清盛の対立が頂点に達し、ついに清盛が法皇の幽閉と高官達の追放を断行、それに巻き込まれた基房も大宰権帥へと左遷となり、失意の内に36歳の若さで出家してしまう。
- When Motofusa MATSUDONO, the founder of the house, was the Senior Regent of the Emperor Takakura in 1179, the conflict between the retired Emperor Shirakawa and Taira no Kiyomori reached its peak with Taira no Kiyomori imprisoning the retired Emperor and exiling his senior officials, whereafter Motofusa, who had become involved, was demoted to Dazai-no-Gonnosotsu, Deputy Governor of Dazaifu, and left, mired in disappointment, to become a priest at the age of 36.
- これは、先に徳川・北条間で結ばれた和議の条件に、信濃は徳川が、上野は北条がそれぞれ支配するという内容が盛り込まれていたことによるが、信濃の他に上野の沼田市にも領地を持つ昌幸が、自領が失われることを恐れたためといわれている。
- This was because the conditions of the pacification between Tokugawa and Hojo included an article that Tokugawa should rule Shinano and Hojo should rule Kozuke, and it is also said to be because Masayuki--who had territories in Numata City, in Kozuke, in addition to Shinano--was afraid of losing his own territory there.
- また、大日本帝国時代には台湾と朝鮮半島を領有し、さらにアジアや南洋の各地に進出して分布域を広げ、その地域に一定の社会基盤を築いていったが、太平洋戦争(大東亜戦争)が終結した時、日本の主権が失われたため日本本土へ帰っていった。
- In the Imperial Japanese period, they occupied Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula, moving into the countries of Asia and the South Seas, expanding their range of distribution and establishing a standardized social foundation; however, they returned to Japan's mainland as Japan's sovereign power was lost when the Pacific War (The Greater East Asian War) ended.
- また柿本人麻呂の時代になると、「天離(あまざか)る 夷(ひな)」というような否定的な意味を持った枕詞(都から遠く離れた異郷の意)もあらわれ、「讃美表現」という元々の枠組みも失われていき、修飾する五音句というふうに移っていく。
- And down to the times when KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro lived, there appear makurakotoba which have a negative meaning, such as 'Amazakaru Hina' (which means a foreign land that is very far from the capital), and the original framework to be the 'praising expressions' begins to vanish and makurakotoba become five-syllable phrases for modification.
- しかし、平地式住居の場合、生活面が削平されて(けずられて)しまうと生活の痕跡の大半が失われてしまうことから、住居として把握することがきわめて困難になってしまうため、これまでに把握された平地式住居の具体的な例はきわめて少ない。
- However flat-land dwellings loses most of the evidence of living when living surface is scraped and it is very difficult to recognize it as a dwelling therefore very few clear examples of flat-land dwellings have been discovered.
- ただし、原本は万治4年1月15日_(旧暦)(1661年2月14日)の御所火災で焼失し、その後副本を元にして復元され、また公家などの写本もいくつも存在するものの、現存する本によって細かい語句などで違いがある事に留意の必要がある。
- The original book was burnt in the fire at the Imperial Palace on February 14, 1661 but recovered on the basis of a duplicate, and there are also some copies made by the court nobles remaining; however, it should be treated with caution as some of the extant books have several differences in words and phrases.
- 光仁天皇が、修正を石川名足、淡海三船、当麻永嗣に命じたが、彼らは天平宝字元年紀を紛失した上、未遂に終わった(この年の前後には政争絡みの事件も多かったため、執筆者間で意見が纏めることが出来ずに紛失という事にしたとする説もある)。
- Emperor Konin ordered ISHIKAWA no Natari, OMI no Mifune, and TAIMA no Nagatsugu to revise the work, but they lost A Record of the First Year of the Tenpyo Hoji Era and could not finish the revision (there is an opinion that due to the many political conflicts which occurred before and after the year 757, they could not reach an agreement about writing the history, so they pretended that it had been lost).
- だが、義持自身が斯波義将ら有力守護に推されて政権を獲得し、有力守護に対抗するために形成した側近集団の富樫満成や赤松持貞が有力守護たちによって逆に失脚させられるなど、義満のような絶対的な将軍権威を確立する事は遂に成功しなかった。
- However, Yoshimochi himself came into power by the push from powerful Shugo's such as Yoshimasa SHIBA, and Mitsunari TOGASHI and Mochisada AKAMATSU, who were members of his aide, formed to match powerful Shugo's, were adversely ousted by powerful Shugo's, and Yoshimochi, after all, did not succeed in establishing absolute authority of shogun as Yoshimitsu did.
- 一橋派は島津斉彬の養女・天璋院を将軍・御台所として大奥に送り込むなどの擁立工作を行なうが、阿部正弘、島津斉彬が相次いで亡くなると勢いを失い、安政5年(1858年)に大老となった井伊直弼が裁定し、「将軍継嗣は徳川慶福」と決した。
- The Hitotsubashi-party executed political maneuvers such as sending into Ooku Nariakira SHIMAZU's adopted daughter, Tenshoin, as Shogun's wife (Midaidokoro), but after the death of Masahiro ABE and Nariakira SHIMAZU, its power weakened; Naosuke II who became Tairo in 1858 settled on 'Shogun's heir as Yoshitomi TOKUGAWA' through arbitration.
- 石山挙兵とほぼ同時に長島願証寺で一向一揆が発生(長島一向一揆)し、信長の弟織田信興が守る尾張の小木江城を滅ぼすなどして公然と信長に敵対するようになると、元亀2年(1571年)5月に信長は長島殲滅を図るが失敗し、多数の兵を失った。
- Around the same time as raising an army in Ishiyama, another Ikko Ikki started from Nagashima Gansho-ji Temple (Nagashima Ikko Ikki) which exhibited its hostility against Nobunaga by destroying Nobunaga's younger brother Nobuoki ODA's Kokie-jo Castle in Owari Province, and, in June 1571, Nobunaga tried to exterminate Nagashima but failed with a lot of soldiers lost.
- 近代国際法は「理念」として万国平等を謳いながら、現実では非西欧諸国を差別する国際秩序を支えており、こうした「理念」と現実との落差に対し、やがて失望とシニカルな感想、そして理念よりも国力を重視する姿勢が出てくることは自然であった。
- Under modern international law, the equality of nations was referred to as 'principle' but the thought supported international order that discriminated non-western Europe countries, therefore it was natural that some people were disappointed about the difference between the 'principle' and reality, became cynical and put more value on national power than principle.
- その後奈良時代後期~平安時代初期にかけては、光仁天皇朝で房前の子である藤原永手・藤原魚名が左大臣となるも、永手の嫡男藤原家依は早逝し、魚名は氷上川継の乱に連座して失脚したこともあり、藤原南家・藤原式家に押されがちの状態にあった。
- Thereafter, from the late Nara period through the early Heian period the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan had been losing ground to the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, partly because although Fusasaki's sons, FUJIWARA no Nagate and FUJIWARA no Uona, became ministers of the left in the era of Emperor Konin, Nagate's heir, FUJIWARA no Oyori, died young and Uona was involved in HIKAMI no Kawatsugu's war, whereupon he fell from power.
- しかしながら、続く平城天皇朝の大同2年(807年)に当時政権№2,3の座にあった、藤原雄友(是公の子:大納言)・藤原乙叡(継縄の子:中納言)が伊予親王の変により失脚し、仲麻呂に続き、豊成・乙麻呂の系統も中央貴族としては衰退した。
- However, in 807, during the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Otomo (son of the Korekimi, or Dainagon (chief councilor of state)) and FUJIWARA no otoei/Tadatoshi (son of the Tsugutada, or Chunagon (vice-councilor of state)), who were in the second and third positions of the political power at the time, fell from power as a result of Iyo Shinno no Hen (the Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo), whereby the family lines of Toyonari and Otomaro declined as the central nobility, followed by the fall of Nakamaro.
- そして、東京大学名誉教授の坂野潤治は、福澤の状況的発言は当時の国際状況、国内経済などの状況的認識と対応していることを強調し、甲申事変が失敗したことにより状況的認識が変化して「脱亜論」が書かれたと説明して、以下のように喝破している。
- A professor emeritus at Tokyo University, Junji BANNO emphasized that Fukuzawa's situational remark corresponded to recognition of the international situation and domestic economy at that time and he explained that the 'Datsu-A Ron' was written when this situation recognition changed when the Gapsin Coup failed; he corrected it as follows:
- ある町人が残した記録「見しかよの物かたり」には「男、女のへだてなく、老ひたるも、みどりごも目の当たりにて刺し殺し、あるいは親を失ひ子を捕られ、夫婦の中も離ればなれになりゆくことの哀れさ、その数を知らず」とその悲惨さが語られている。
- According to a townsman's document, 'Mishikayono Monokatari'(A story of what I saw in life), the misery was that 'they stabbed to death men and women including old people and babies and the number of miserable people who lost their parents, whose children were captured, or who parted their partners were beyond number.'
- なお、牧長・牧帳・牧子らが牧の経営にあたり、放牧中の馬を痩せさせたり、失ったり、あるいは、母蓄100頭に対して駒犢60頭という規定の増産数に達しない場合は、罰せられ、規定以上に駒犢を増やすことができれば、褒美として稲が与えられた。
- Bokucho, makicho and bokushi, while managing the farm, were punished when they got free-range horses thin or lost, or when the prescribed goal of increase (60 ponies per 100 mares) was not attained, and they were given rice as rewards when more ponies were produced than prescribed.
- 更に淀付近から淀川水運を利用して東は草津宿・南は奈良・西は難波方面に出る交通路として用いられたと考えられているが、その後の戦乱で荒廃し、現在では一部が旧大坂街道として残されているものの、多くの地域において経路の跡すら失われている。
- Furthermore, water transport in the Yodo-gawa River was utilized in the Yodo area, making it a road that led to the Kusatsu-juku Post Station in the east, to Nara in the south, and to Nanba in the west; however, it became desolate from the disturbances of the later wars, and although parts of the road exist today as Old Osaka-kaido Road, even the tracks of the course are lost in many of the areas.
- 著名な平氏出身者としては例えば東国に独立政権を樹立しようとして失敗した下総国・常陸国の平将門、時代が下って貴族政権で台頭した平清盛の先祖も東国出身の土着平氏であり、これを倒した源頼朝を支えた坂東平氏も同じ土着系平氏の末裔であった。
- Famous members of the Taira clan included the following: TAIRA no Masakado of Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, who tried but failed to establish an independent government in Togoku; TAIRA no Kiyomori, who led the aristocratic government; and the Bando-Heishi, supporters of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who had toppled Kiyomori; ironically, both Kiyomori and the Bando-Heishi could trace their ancestry back to the lineage of the Taira clan that was native to the Togoku.
- 大老井伊直弼の弾圧により慶勝が隠居すると、金鉄組は没落し、竹腰兵部少輔が新藩主徳川茂徳のもとで藩政を取り仕切ったが、桜田門外の変以降竹腰兵部少輔は失脚、慶勝が隠居の身ながら藩政の前面に出、金鉄組とともに頻繁に上洛して政局にあたった。
- The crackdown on Tairo (chief minister) Nosuke II forced Yoshikatsu to be secluded and the Kanetetsu group was on decline and under the new lord of the domain Mochinaga TOKUGAWA, Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu took domain duties, but after the Sakuradamongai no Hen (The Incident Outside the Sakurada-mon Gate), Takenokoshi Hyobu shoyu was toppled and Yoshikatsu advanced to administration of the domain though he was in retirement and he often went to the capital (Kyoto) with the Kanetetsu group to take the helm of state.
- また、国防上の必要性から江戸・大坂の大名・旗本領を幕府に召し上げようとする上知令を推進しようとしたところ、大名・商人らの猛反撥を招くこととなり、将軍家慶自ら撤回を命ずる事態となり、水野は失脚し、天保の改革はわずか2年にして崩壊した。
- In addition, 'Agechi-rei' (the decree he was going to implement for national defense, whose contents were to take away the territory of 'daimyo' and 'hatamoto' in Edo and Osaka) caused fierce resistance of 'daimyo' and merchants, so Shogun Ieyoshi himself was made withdraw the decree and Mizuno lost his position, when Tenpo Reforms ended with a span of just two years.
- こうした明法勘文は、朝廷・院庁の政治的権威が京都とその周辺部で堅持されていた南北朝時代 (日本)の頃までは盛んに作成されていたが、以後政治的権力の失墜とともに明法道も衰退し、明法勘文が作成されることはほとんど無くなったとされている。
- Myobo kanmon had been actively created by the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the political power of the Imperial Court and In no cho was well retained in and around Kyoto, but Myobodo declined with the downfall of such political power and Myobo kanmon were no longer created.
- 広く動乱の時代が生んだ悲劇を描き、単に恋人を失った「世の常」の悲哀とは等価ならざる痛切な心情が託された彼女の家集は、同じような運命をたどった人々の強い共感を呼び、太平洋戦争中、愛する者の出征を見送った女性たちの間で愛読されたという。
- Her poetry collection, which describes the tragedies born in a time of general upheaval, leaves a poignancy different from the 'ordinary' sorrow caused by simply losing one's lover, evoking strong sympathies from people who had a similar fate, and it is said that during the Pacific War, it was popular among women who saw someone they loved sent off to the front.
- 豊臣方の真田信繁・毛利勝永・大野治房などの突撃により幕府方の大名・侍大将に死傷者が出たり、家康・秀忠本陣は大混乱に陥るなどしたが、兵力に勝る幕府軍は次第に混乱状態から回復し態勢を立て直し、豊臣軍は多くの将兵を失って午後三時頃には壊滅。
- Charges by Nobushige SANADA, Katsunaga MORI, Harufusa ONO and so on on the Toyotomi side killed and injured daimyo, officers and soldiers on the bakufu side and put the headquarters of Ieyasu/Hidetada in a great confusion, however, the bakufu army surpassing in forces, gradually recovering from chaos, regained its balance, while the Toyotomi army, having lost many officers and soldiers, was destroyed at about 3:00 pm.
- 環境税のうち特に炭素税については、二酸化炭素排出に対して直接課税を行う手法により、それまでの外部費用を内部化し、つまり従来は環境汚染に対する外部性ために市場経済の中で環境負荷が考慮されなかった市場の失敗を補正する役割を担うものである。
- As for a carbon tax in particular, among environmental taxes, conventionally external expenses are internalized by the method of direct taxation against the emissions of carbon dioxide, that is, it has a role of correcting the failure of a market, where an environmental burden is not considered so far in a market economy because of the externality against environmental pollutions.
- 源頼朝の死について、建久10年(1199年)に、相模川橋供養の帰路、八的ヶ原(現在の辻堂および茅ヶ崎の広域名)で源義経らの亡霊を、稲村ヶ崎海上に安徳天皇の亡霊を見て、鎌倉で気を失い病に倒れたと記しているが、実際の死因については諸説ある。
- There are various opinions about the actual reason of the death of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, however, according to this book, it was because he saw a ghost of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune at Yamatogahara (the present Tsujido and wide area of Chigasaki) on his way back from Buddhist ceremony for bridging Sagami-gawa River, and also saw a ghost of Emperor Antoku on the sea of Inamuragasaki, then he fainted and was struck down by a illness at Kamakura.
- 会終了後に高揚した一部の参加者が暴徒と化し、偶々近くを走行していた市内電車や、郡部線(郊外路線)のターミナル駅であった柳橋駅、隣接の名電本社へ破壊・放火するなどの事態に発展し、本社建屋・柳橋駅舎と電車23両などが被災(焼失・破壊)した。
- Some participants resulted to violence at the end of the meeting, and the situation developed into the destruction and arson of city train running across every parts of the city, facilities of the Yanagibashi station that was a terminal port for the suburban line, headquarter of Nagoya Denki Tetsudo adjacent to it, and 23 trains.
- 小説やテレビドラマなどでもこのように描かれており、2005年大河ドラマ『義経 (NHK大河ドラマ)』の第35回「決戦・壇ノ浦」では松坂慶子扮する時子(二位の尼)が安徳天皇と天叢雲剣を抱いて海に没して、剣が海底に失われる描写がされている。
- This version of events is what is depicted in novels, TV dramas and so forth; in the 35th episode of NHK's Taiga drama 'Yoshitsune' (2005), 'The deciding battle at DannoUra,' Keiko MATSUZAKA, playing the role of Tokiko, sinks into the sea holding Emperor Antoku and the Sword, clearly showing the Sword being lost at the bottom of the sea.
- 前者の考えについては各遺構面が存在することによって否定された。後者については、第2期遺構面上に堆積する焼土層によって焼失の事実は証明されたものの、第3期の遺構がさらに規模を拡大して再建されていることが明らかとなり、現在では否定されている。
- The first theory was rejected because there are foundations of later periods, and the second one is also currently denied because the fact of destruction by fire was proven by the layer of burned soil on the second-period foundation, however, it became clear that the third-period foundation was rebuilt in a bigger size.
- 一歩間違えば秀吉は毛利勢と明智勢の挟み撃ちにあった恐れが大であり、現に滝川一益のように本能寺の変が敵方に知られた事により大敗し領土を失った信長配下の武将も存在し、秀吉がこのような危険極まり無い事を、謀略としてあえて意図したとは考えにくい。
- One wrong move might have Hideyoshi to be in a pincer drive by MORI troops and AKECHI troops, and in fact, another Nobunaga's vassal, Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, was defeated heavily and lost his territory because the enemy noticed the incident at Honno-ji Temple; so it is difficult to think Hideyoshi planned such a dangerous booby trap intentionally.
- これを憂慮した後西天皇・霊元天皇は、京都の公家や寺社に要請して和歌・物語・日記・記録・有職故実・公事関連書・社寺文書類などの精度の高い写本を作成し、更に貴重な典籍を謄写して副本を作成を作成して別の場所に置くことによって亡失を防ごうとした。
- Disturbed by this, the Emperor Gosai and the Emperor Reigen asked court nobles or temples and shrines in Kyoto to accurately copy waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), stories, diaries, records, Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), documents on kuji (public duties) and shrines and temples and so on, and furthermore, made the precious books and documents copied to be the duplicates and stored them in the other places in order to prevent the loss.
- これは守隆が生前に五男の久隆を溺愛して嫡男に選んでしまったのが原因であるが、結果として御家騒動の結果、久隆は摂津国三田藩へ移封され、隆季は綾部にそれぞれ移封され、ここに九鬼氏は嘉隆以来の故郷である志摩国鳥羽藩の地を失うに至ったのであった。
- The dispute took place because Moritaka had doted on Hisataka, the fifth son and chosen him as his heir, and the result was the transfer of Hisataka to the Sanda Domain in Settsu Province and of Takasue to the Ayabe Domain, leading to the loss of the Toba Domain in Shima Province, which had been the hometown of the Kuki clan since the era of Yoshitaka.
- 明治十四年の政変により大隈が失脚した後、大蔵卿(明治17年より大蔵大臣)となった松方正義が主導した超緊縮財政、および明治15年(1882年)の日本銀行設立による紙幣発行独占により銀準備が回復し、明治18年(1885年)に銀本位制に移行した。
- After the downfall of OKUMA due to political change in 1881, by ultra-reduced budget led by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who became Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) (became Minister of Finance in 1884), and the exclusive issuance of paper money in accordance with the establishment of the Bank of Japan, silver was well prepared and the silver standard system started in 1885.
- 当初事件の主犯とされた義家の次弟の源義綱が義忠の養子源為義(源義親の五男)の討伐を受けて壊滅、また事件後真犯人がもう一人の弟(三弟)源義光であったことが明らかになるなど、源氏内部の内紛・衰退がさらに明白になり、源氏の権勢はしばらく失墜した。
- At first, MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna, the second younger brother of Yoshiie, was considered to be the main culprit, and was annihilated in the punitive expedition by MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, the adopted son of Yoshitada (the fifth son of MINAMOTO no Yoshichika), and after the incident, MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, another younger brother (the third younger brother) was found to be the real culprit, which made internal troubles and decline of Genji more apparent and its power was lost for a while.
- 翌年に意次が失脚すると、親田沼派の大名であったということから、田沼派の徹底的な粛清を図る松平定信によって天明8年(1788年)5月6日伏見奉行在職中、不正、服務規程違反などがあったために改易され、相模国小田原藩主大久保家にお預けの身となった。
- When Okitsugu was overthrown the following year, as he was a feudal lord of pro-Tanuma group, he was imposed sanctions for committing fraud and violating service regulations while in Fushimi bugyo on June 9, 1788, and left to the Okubo family, the lord of the Odawara Domain, Sagami Province, by Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA who tied to purge the Tanuma group thoroughly.
- 帰化人の東漢氏の一族は蝦夷に味方しようと蘇我氏の舘に集まったが、中大兄皇子が巨勢徳陀を派遣して説得して立ち去り、蘇我家の軍衆はみな逃げ散ってしまった(飛鳥寺での古人大兄皇子の出家を受け、旗印を無くした蘇我氏の戦意喪失を図ったとする説もある)。
- Although naturalized citizens of the Yamatonoaya clan gathered at the Soga clan's house to support Emishi, KOSE no Tokuta who was sent by Prince Naka no Oe managed to convince them to leave, which made troops on the Soga side scattered away (another theory states that the Soga clan lost their will to fight when Prince Furuhito no Oe became a monk at Asuka-dera Temple since he was who they were fighting for).
- 1924年には干ばつがあり、これは、水源地の足尾の山林が荒廃して保水能力を失ったためだと考えた両組合は、それぞれ別個に活動を行い、1925年には群馬県側の農民ら数千人の署名が集められ、貴族院、衆議院、内務大臣、農務大臣宛てに請願書が提出される。
- In 1924, those areas was hit by a drought, and both unions considered it was because the damaged forests had no longer absorbed nor contained water; although the unions took action separately, in 1925 the petition including thousands of signatures of the farmers and peasants and others in Gunma Prefecture was submitted to the House of Peers, the House of Representatives, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of Agricultural Affairs.
- ところが、台湾出兵の発生と大院君の失脚によって征韓を視野に入れた朝鮮遣使論は下火となり、代わりに純粋な外交による国交回復のための特使として外務省の担当官であった森山茂(後に外務少丞)が倭館に派遣され、朝鮮政府代表との交渉が行われることとなった。
- However, the debate to dispatch an envoy to Korea with a view of subjugation of the Korea died down due to the occurrence of the Taiwan expedition and the downfall of Daewongun, instead, an official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shigeru MORIYAMA (Later became Gaimu shojo who's post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) was dispatched to Wakan (consular office) as a special envoy for restoring relations by pure diplomacy, and started to negotiate with the representatives of Korean government.
- この背景には廃藩置県に伴い、寺社領を与える主体であった領主権力が消滅したために寺社領の法的根拠も失われたこと、地租改正によって全ての土地に地租を賦課する原則を打ち立てるために寺社領を含めた全ての土地に対する免税特権を破棄することを目的としていた。
- One of the reasons for the confiscation was that the legal basis for jisha-ryo was lost when feudal lords, who had granted jisha-ryo, lost their power due to Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), and the purpose of the confiscation was to abolish the privilege of tax exemption of all the lands including jisha-ryo to establish the principle of uniform land taxation through the land-tax reform.
- 三大事件建白運動・大同団結運動では旧自由党系と連携して民党の一翼を担うが、大同団結運動の失敗と1888年の大隈の第1次伊藤内閣の外務大臣 (日本)入閣(黒田内閣でも留任)によって大隈の条約改正案を支持したことにより自由党との関係は再び微妙になる。
- Although the Constitutional Progressive party still played an important role in some cases, along with the Liberal party (both parties acknowledged each other and were referred as people's parties at the time), such as taking actions to present petitions for the three major cases, and advocating a movement to unite for a common purpose, but both parties eventually couldn't get along with each other when they failed the movement to unite, and the Constitutional Progressive party supported a proposal to revise a treaty that Okuma presented as foreign minister of the first Ito government in 1888 (he became foreign minister under the Kuroda government as well).
- 利休が秀吉の政事に大きく関わったことは、大友義鎮が大坂城を訪れた際、豊臣秀長から「公儀のことは私に、内々のことは宗易に」と耳打ちされたことなどからも伺え、そのように利休が深く政務に関わることに反発し利休の失脚を望む勢力は確かに存在したと言われる。
- It is recorded that when Yoshishige OTOMO visited the Osaka-jo Castle, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI said to him, 'I will take care of all the official business, and Soeki (Rikyu) will handle all personal matters,' which suggested how deeply Rikyu was involved in the politics in the TOYOTOMI administration, therefore it is clear that there were some groups against Rikyu wanting him to lose his position.
- 当初は原因不明で、神罰や天災であるとの認識であったが、国衙や郡衙の正倉や国分寺などの公的施設の被害が多かったことと、正税・官物の焼失による財政的打撃を食い止めるために、国司・郡司らの管理責任を追及し、時には解官・損失補填などの措置を採る様になる。
- At first, it was thought to be of unknown cause and be a divine punishment a natural disaster, but there were many damages of public facilities such as shoso (public repository) or provincial monasteries of kokuga (provincial government offices) or gunga (provincial office), and in order to prevent financial damages of shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse) and kanmotsu by destruction in a fire, the risk management by kokushi (provincial governors) and gunji (district managers) were pursued and sometimes they were discharged, recompensed the damages and so on.
- この時点では、まだ両統迭立が完全には定着しておらず、貴族たちもいずれか一方の皇統にのみ仕えて派閥を形成するということはなかったため、それまで大覚寺統の治天に仕えていた貴族たちはそのまま持明院統の治天に仕えることになり、大覚寺統は一気に勢力を失った。
- At this point, Ryoto tetsuritsu had not yet completely embedded itself, and the aristocracy did not yet create factions so the aristocrats who served the Daikakuji line Chiten worked for the subsequent Jimyoin line Chiten, leading to the sudden decline of the Daikakuji line.
- 藩主の父ではあるが、外様大名でしかも無位無官である「島津三郎」が兵を率いて京へ入り、幕府に無断で公家と接触するなどという事態は、幕府健在の頃であれば許されざる暴挙であったが、桜田門外の変以来権威の失墜しつつあった幕府体制にそれを阻止する力はなかった。
- If the bakufu had had absolute political power as it used to, the situation that 'Saburo (the third son) SHIMAZU', who was a tozama daimyo (non hereditary feudal lord) having no special rank or title even though he was the father of the lord, went to Kyoto with his troop and approached the court nobles without the bakufu's permission would have been deemed as unforgivably reckless, but the bakufu which was losing its authority since the Sakuradamongai Incident did not have the power to stop it.
- そのため、1918年に、日本の統治権が及ぶ各地域間の法令の適用範囲の確定及び連絡統一を目的とする共通法(大正7年法律第39号)(1918年4月17日施行)が制定された(2005年現在も廃止の措置は採られていないが、事実上失効していると解されている)。
- Therefore, the Common law (Act No.39 of 1918) was enacted and came into effect on April 17, 1918 to determine the application range of the laws in these regions where Japan held sovereignty and to integrate those laws (As of 2005, no official measure has been taken to abolish the said Common law, but it is considered practically invalid).
- 内容は3部構成で、後醍醐天皇の即位から鎌倉幕府の滅亡を描いた第1部(巻1~11)、建武の新政の失敗と南北朝分裂から後醍醐天皇の崩御までが描かれる第2部(巻12~21)、南朝方の怨霊の跋扈による足利幕府内部の混乱を描いた第3部(巻23~40)からなる。
- The work consists of three parts: Part 1, describing the period from Emperor Godaigo's ascension to the fall of the Kamakura shogunate (vols. 1 to 11); Part 2, describing the period from the failure of the Kemmu Restoration and the split into northern and southern courts to the death of Emperor Godaigo (vols. 12 to 21); and Part 3, describing the disorder inside the Ashikaga shogunate caused by the rampancy of the vengeful ghosts of the Southern Court (vols. 23 to 40).
- 後南朝は次第に勢力を失い、応仁の乱において小倉宮の末裔(『大乗院寺社雑事記』には小倉宮の子孫との記述あり)と称し、岡崎前門主という人物の息子が山名宗全により洛中の西陣に迎えられた(これを「西陣の南帝」と呼ぶ)との記録を最後に、歴史上にあらわれなくなった。
- The Gonancho forces gradually lost their power, and during the Onin War were labeled in historical records as descendants of Oguranomiya (in the 'Daijoin temple and shrine records of miscellaneous matters' they are listed as offspring of Oguranomiya), while the son of Zenmonshu (Gatekeeper) OKAZAKI being welcomed in the capital's western district (this son was called 'The Southern Emperor of the western district') by Sozen YAMANA is the last historical mention of them; after this point, they no longer appear in historical records.
- 金村は継体天皇を迎え入れた功績があり、また任那の運営を任されており、武烈、継体、安閑天皇、宣化天皇、欽明天皇の5代にわたって大連を務めたが、欽明天皇の時代に百済へ任那4県を割譲したことの責任を問われ失脚し、摂津国住吉郡(現大阪市住吉区帝塚山)の邸宅に篭る。
- Kanamura was credited with the reception of Emperor Keitai, was appointed to govern Mimana, and was serving as Oomuraji during the reigns of 5 different emperors--Emperors Buretsu, Keitai, Ankan, Senka and Kinmei but, upon being ousted from power on the accusation of ceding 4 prefectures within Minama to Kudara in the reign of Kinmei, he hid himself in his home in Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (present-day Tedzukayama, Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City).
- だが、日本のこの要求はこの列強間の「暗黙の了解」を破棄するものであり、更に清朝が直隷と渤海_(海域)を挟んで向かい合った遼東半島を失う事でその政治的権威が失墜して国内の政情が不安定になるような事態の発生は、各国の対中国政策を根底から揺るがせるものであった。
- Therefore, the Japan's demand for the Liaodong Peninsula broke the 'tacit agreement' among the world powers and also influenced the policy of each country toward China, because if the Qing Dynasty lost the Liaodong Peninsula which was located on the opposite side of the Choku-rei region across Bokkai (marine area), Qing's political power would fall, which might result in a precarious political situation of China.
- ただ、前述した明治初期における国家意思形成の不統一性の問題や、規制対象を同じくする法令が何度も公布されたこともあり、布告・達が後の法令で明示的に廃止されなかった場合は、後に内容が矛盾する法令が制定されたとの解釈により効力を失ったのか否か疑義が生じたものもある。
- Because of the confusion within the early Meiji government as stated above which had led to many laws being issued for overlapping subjects, it was sometiimes doubtful whether Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi was deemed to cease to be effective due to establishment of a new contradicting law, in cases where such Fukoku or Tasshi had not been expressly abolished.
- 鉄道国有化や第3次日韓協約・日露協約・日仏協約の締結など、山縣有朋ら元老や桂の意に沿った政策を遂行する一方で、山縣の支持基盤である内務省 (日本)改革のために郡制の廃止を計画して失敗したり、貴族院議員の入閣を実現させるなど、政党政治実現に向けた努力は続けられた。
- While the cabinet pursued the policy complying with Genro like Aritomo YAMAGATA and Katsura, such as making The Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, Russo-Japanese Agreement and French-Japanese Agreement, it continued to make efforts in order to realize party politics; in order to reform Ministry of Home Affairs, which was the power base for Yamagata, the cabinet tried to abolish the County system, only to fail; the cabinet succeeded in taking members of Kizokuin (the House of Peers) into the Cabinet.
- 1月より持ち越しの由利公正(越前藩士)が起草した新政府の方針案では、諸侯会議派である土佐藩の福岡孝弟が第一条冒頭に「列侯会議ヲ興シ」の字句を挿入し、表題も「会盟」と改めており、3月の木戸による国是建議の後提出したが、もはやこの時期には列侯会議は必要性を失していた。
- For the draft policy of the new government prepared by Kosei YURI (feudal retainer of Echizen) and had been carried over from January, Takachika FUKUOKA of Tosa Domain who belonged to the lords conference group inserted the phrase 'Establish a council by feudal lords' to the beginning of the Article 1 and amended the title to 'Kaimei (pledge of feudal lords)', and submitted it after Kido's proposal for national policy in March, but the necessity of the council by feudal lords had already been lost by then.
- だが、延べ数十万の兵士を都に集結させて11年にもわたり戦闘が続いたにも関わらず、主だった将が戦死することもなく、ただ惰性的に争いを続けてきた挙句に守護大名たちが獲得を目指していた幕府権力そのものが権威を失墜させてしまい、結果的に獲得するものは何もなかったのである。
- However, in spite of the 11-year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
- 天正14年(1586年)には豊後国戸次川(現在の大野川)において、仙石秀久を軍監とした、長宗我部元親、長宗我部信親親子・十河存保・大友義統らの混合軍で島津軍の島津家久と戦うが、仙石秀久の失策により、長宗我部信親や十河存保が討ち取られるなどして大敗した(戸次川の戦い)。
- In 1586 at Hetsugigawa River (present Onogawa river) in Bungo province Hideyoshi's coalition troops composed by director Hidehisa SENGOKU, Motochika CHOSOKABE, Nobuchika CHOSOKABE, Masayasu SOGO and Yoshimune OTOMO, fought for Iehisa SHIMAZU of SHIMAZU troops, but were defeated heavily because Hidehisa SENGOKU committed a blunder as Nobuchika CHOSOKABE and Masayasu SOGO were killed in the battle (the battle of Hetsugigawa).
- だが、この路線確立に大きな影響力を与えてきた藤原仲麻呂が失脚して、仏教僧でありながら積極的に祈祷を行うなどの前代の巫的要素を併せ持った道鏡が政権の中枢に立ったことによって、宇佐八幡宮側が失地回復を目指して道鏡側に対して接触を試みた延長線上に同事件を位置づけられるという。
- However, the view points out that the Oracle Incident can be seen as an extension of the attempt by the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to regain power by approaching Dokyo side, from the fact that FUJIWARA no Nakamaro who had given a significant influence in establishing this course of event fell from power, and instead, Dokyo who was a Buddhist priest but at the same time had a characteristic of a spiritual medium such as actively conducting prayers, took over the center of the politics.
- 義廉と縁戚関係にあった宗全は、一色義直や土岐成頼らとともに義廉を支持し、さらに貞親が謀反の噂を流して義視の追放を図ったことから、義視の後見人である勝元は宗全と協力して貞親を近江に追放、このとき、政変に巻き込まれた季瓊真蘂、斯波義敏、赤松政則らも一時失脚して都を追われた。
- Sozen, who was a relative of Yoshikado, supported Yoshikado in alliance with Yoshinao ISSHIKI and Shigeyori TOKI among others and as Sadachika circulated a rumor of planned rebellion in an attempt to expel Yoshimi; in response, Katsumoto who was the guardian of Yoshimi cooperated with Sozen to expel Sadachika to Omi, and Shinzui KIKEI, Yoshitoshi SHIBA and Masanori AKAMATSU among others, involved in the coup, were also expelled from the capital in a temporary deposition.
- 南朝には正副二統の皇統が存在し、陽動作戦のために吉野に設けた擬天皇である、副統の後亀山天皇が、足利義満の謀略に掛かって講和したため、1392年(元中9年)の南北朝合一以後、全国の勤皇の武士たちは宮方(南朝正統)に味方する大義名分を失い、宮方の勢力は衰微の一途をたどった。
- There were 2 lineages in the Southern Court, and since the false Emperor, Emperor Gokameyama, who was put in Yoshino Province as a distraction, made peace with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA by falling into his snare, after the unification of Southern and Northern Courts in 1392, samurai throughout the country who were pro-Imperial lost their reason to support miyagata (Legitimate Succession of the Southern Court), and the power of miyagata only shrunk as time went by.
- …抑モ東京ハ帝国ノ首都ニシテ政治経済ノ枢軸トナリ国民文化ノ源泉トナリテ民衆一般ノ瞻仰スル所ナリ一朝不慮ノ災害ニ罹リテ今ヤ其ノ旧形ヲ留メスト雖依然トシテ我国都タル地位ヲ失ハス是ヲ以テ其ノ善後策ハ独リ旧態ヲ回復スルニ止マラス進ンテ将来ノ発展ヲ図リ以テ巷衢ノ面目ヲ新ニセサルヘカラス…
- 'Tokyo is the capital of the empire and the political and economic center, and the source of Japan's culture. Tokyo suffered an enormous disaster this time and can not cling to its old situation, but still holds status as capital of the empire, therefore, it is necessary not only to restore it to what it used to be but also have it undergo a complete new transformation.'
- 1863年(文久3年)に起こったクーデターである八月十八日の政変において、薩摩藩・会津藩などの公武合体派に敗れて失脚した尊皇攘夷派の公卿の三条実美(清華家)・三条西季知(大臣家)および四条隆謌・東久世通禧・壬生基修・錦小路頼徳・澤宣嘉ら7人が京都から追放され、長州藩へと逃れた。
- During the political turmoil of August 18, which was a coup occurring in 1863, whereby seven nobles, namely Sanetomi SANJO (Seiga family), Suetomo SANJONISHI (Daijin family), Takauta SHIJO, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, Motoosa MIBU, Yorinori NISHIKINOKOJI, and Nobuyoshi SAWA, who supported the doctrine of restoring the emperor to power and expelling the barbarians, fell from power when defeated by supporters of the noble-samurai coalition from the Satsuma clan, Aizu clan, etc., and were banished from Kyoto and fled to Choshu Domain.
- 日記の家では歴代の当主が単に日記を執筆したり所持するだけでなく、家記から写本や抄本、部類記の作成や内容の研究を通じてそこに書かれた有職故実の内容を吸収するとともに、家記の喪失を防いで朝廷の官吏あるいは摂関家の家司・家礼として奉仕できる体制を整えることで家名の安定を図っていった。
- In such 'houses with diaries,' beyond simply having the family head of each successive generation record and then maintain ownership of a diary, family members would also make manuscript copies, abridged versions, and indices (by topic or category) of the house diary, and gain a thorough understanding and knowledge of court practices through research into what was recorded therein; moreover, such families also tried to guard against the possibility of losing their house diaries by setting up a governmental system in which they themselves could serve the Imperial Court as officials or the Sekkanke (the line of regents and advisors) as keishi (clerks and household superintendents) and karei (house retainers), thereby aiming to keep their family name stable and secure.
- …(於是天皇詔之 朕聞諸家之所 帝紀及本辭 既違正實 多加虚僞 當今之時 不改其失 未經幾年 其旨欲滅 斯乃邦家經緯 王化之鴻基焉 故惟撰録帝紀 討覈舊辭 削僞定實 欲流後葉 時有舍人 姓稗田名阿禮 年是廿八 爲人聰明 度目誦口 拂耳勒心 即勅語阿禮 令誦習帝皇日繼 及先代舊辭)
- The emperor says `As far as I understand, 'Teiki and 'Honji' (accounts of origin) that have been handed down to families are falsified and are not like the original one. The original intentions will be lost within a few years unless corrected now. These are the precious teachings of the imperial court, to establish a sold foundation to guide the people. Therefore, I will advisedly select Teiki, and find kyuji to eliminate the false parts and find the truth to succeed future generations. He was such a bright man and was able to immediately express something he saw in words and never forgot the word he heard. The emperor immediately ordered Are to read and learn Kyuji that describes the lineage and incidents of past emperors that the emperor determined and selected himself.
- 同盟倶楽部は1892年11月20日に藩閥政権に失望した吏党系議員が民党側に離反した際に結成された院内会派、同志倶楽部は1893年12月5日に自由党_(明治)所属の星亨衆議院議長の不正問題で自由党が星議長の擁護の姿勢を変えないことに抗議した同党議員が離党して結成した院内会派であった。
- The Domei Club was an in-house faction that was formed on November 20, 1892, when the Rito (pro-government) lawmakers who were disappointed by the hanbatsu (domain clique) government defected from the Minto (anti-hanbatsu government political parties), while the Doshi Club was an in-house faction that was formed on December 5, 1893 by some members of the Liberal Party (in the Meiji period) who had left the party after protesting against the fact that despite improper acts perpetrated by Toru HOSHI, the speaker of the Lower House who was a member of the party, the party leadership maintained their stance in defending the speaker.
- 分類は、文筆・朝儀・神祇官・太政官・摂籙家・公卿家・別奏・功労・廷尉・内記・紀伝・陰陽道・暦道・天文道・医道・仏事・太宰府・異国・雑文・凶事・諸国雑事・諸国公文・諸国功過の各項目であるが、これは現存する部分についてであり、失われた9巻にどのような分類が含まれていたのかは不明である。
- The classification includes such items as literary art, chogi (ceremony at Imperial Court), Jingikan (Department of Divinities), Daijokan (Grand Council of State), the Setsuroku family (the family which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor), the Kugyo family (kugyo means a Court noble), besso, achievements, teii (Chinese name of police), naiki (secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), kiden (biographical books), Onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), rekido (the study of the calendar), tenmondo (astrology), ido (medical ethics), Buddhist service, Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region), foreign countries, miscellaneous writings, misfortunes, shokoku-zatsuji (miscellaneous matters of various districts), shokoku-kumon (official documents of various districts) and shokoku koka (merits and demerits of various districts), however, these items are about existing parts, therefore, it is unknown what kinds of classification were included in the missing nine volumes.
- しかしながら途上国の言い分である「先進国の結果責任に基づいて自主的に二酸化炭素排出量を減らす努力義務を途上国が負うのは身勝手」との意見も根強く、京都議定書の次のスキームを構築する作業は残念ながら遅遅として進んでおらず、京都議定書は一過性のもので失敗に終わる可能性が高いと見る意見がある。
- However, developing countries strongly insist that 'it is unfair for developing countries to undertake the obligation to reduce the emission amount of carbon dioxide voluntarily on the basis of the outcome brought about by developed countries,' and the task to establish the next scheme for Kyoto Protocol has regrettably made little progress, and some people say that Kyoto Protocol is transient and will probably end up as a failure.
- 本来はいわば宮中の機密日誌(秘記)であり非公開のものであったが、後日の参考のために写本が作られる場合もあり、そのため正本・写本・抄本を合わせると室町時代の文明_(日本)9年(1477年)から文化_(元号)9年(1826年)の350年分の日記が途中に一部欠失があるもののほとんどが伝わっている。
- Although in a sense it was originally a secret diary of the Imperial court (a confidential record) and a private one, sometimes a manuscript was made for future reference, and that is why most of the records for 350 years, from 1477 (in the Muromachi period) to 1826, still remain when adding up the original documents, manuscripts and abridgments, even though parts of them in the middle are missing.
- ここから馬子による崇峻天皇の暗殺や、推古天皇への葛城県の割譲の要求、蘇我蝦夷(えみし)による天皇をないがしろにするふるまい、蘇我入鹿(そが・の・いるか)による上宮王家(山背大兄王)の討滅、境部摩理勢の失脚などの専横ぶりが伝えられており、蘇我氏三代にわたって権力を欲しいがままにしたとされている。
- The abuse of power under three generations of the Soga clan can be gleaned from events such as the assassination of Emperor Sushun by SOGA no Umako, the demand for the ceding of Katsuragi-ken from Empress Suiko, neglect of the throne by SOGA no Emishi, and the coup against Jogu Ooke (Prince Yamashiro no oe) by SOGA no Iruka, and the overthrow of SAKAIBE no Marise.
- 「日本の失敗を天皇制のせいだと非難はしても、日本の成功に関して天皇制を褒めることはしなかったのが戦後歴史家たちであるが、これと異なり、明治知識人たちは日本の進歩の功を天皇に帰しはしても、その短所を天皇のせいにはしなかった」という指摘が明治時代と戦後の天皇制に関する論評の違いについてなされている。
- The difference in the views toward Tennosei of the Meiji period and the post war period is pointed out that the 'post-war historians were all blaming the Tennosei for the failure of Japan but never praised it for the success of the country; to the contrary, intellectuals of the Meiji period thanked the Emperor for their success but never blamed him for the defects.'
- 弘和/永徳・元中/至徳 (日本)年間に入ると、南朝は動乱初期からその支えとして活躍してきた懐良親王、北畠顕能、宗良親王の相次ぐ死と、対北朝強硬路線を通していた長慶天皇の譲位により、衰退を極める事となったが、明徳年間の足利義満による相次ぐ有力守護大名勢力削減により、北朝に抵抗する術を殆ど失うようになる。
- But having reached the period of the Kowa/Entoku and Genchu/Shitoku eras, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, Akiyoshi KITABATAKE, and Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, who had been fighting for the Southern Court from the early days of their anti-shogunal struggle, and had been the Southern Court's main support, died one after the other, and when Emperor Chokei--who had been such a stalwart opponent of the Northern Court--abdicated, the Southern Court entered a period of extreme decline; during the Meitoku period, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was able to greatly reduce the power and influence of the strongest shugo daimyo one after another, until almost all means to resist the Northern Court had been lost.
- 日本の達成が難しいと囁かれ始めた 2007年頃になって、京都議定書自体が欧米諸国による政治的な圧力であるという陰謀論(そもそも根拠が示されていない、既に支持を失った議論を蒸し返しているなどの理由により懐疑論にもなり得ていないもの)が、一部評論筋や個人の論評などで、にわかに唱えられはじめるようになった。
- Around 2007 when it was whispered that it seemed unlikely for Japan to achieve the goal, some critics or individuals began to claim a conspiracy theory that Kyoto Protocol itself was a political pressure from Western countries (it is a groundless theory and is far from even being skepticism because it is based on the issue which was once discussed and consequently lost its supporters).
- また、坂本多加雄元学習院大学法学部教授は、甲申事変の失敗と清国の強大な軍事力を背景にして、「「脱亜論」は、日本が西洋諸国と同等の優位の立場でアジア諸国に臨むような状況を前提にしているのではなく、むしろ逆に、朝鮮の一件に対する深い失望と、強大な清国への憂慮の念に駆られて記された文章ではないか」と説明する。
- Takao SAKAMOTO, a former professor of the Faculty of Law of Gakushuin University explained that, with the background of the failure of the Gapsin Coup and China's strong army, ''Datsu-A Ron' was not written from an assumption for Japan to go against other Asian countries with the same position of superiority as European countries, but was written because he felt deeply disappointed by the incident in Korea and was concerned about China.'
- 三条はこの中で、天皇に数千年も親しく恵みを受けてきた京都・大坂の人々の動揺と、徳川氏に300年恩恵を受けてきた関東の人々に恨みや失望を与えることの利害得失を比べ、関東の人心に京都・大坂の盛衰や国の興廃がかかっているのであり、京都・大坂を失っても地勢に優れる東京を失わなければ天下を失うことはないと述べた。
- Sanjo compared the advantages and disadvantages from the dismay of the people of Kyoto and Osaka who had received the emperor's kind blessings for over a thousand years, and the animosity and despair that the people of Kanto who had received over the 300 years of favors from the Tokugawa clan, and said that the world would not be lost if Kyoto or Osaka was lost due to the geographically superior Tokyo because the destiny of the country and the rise and fall of Kyoto and Osaka fell upon the hearts of those in Kanto.
- この理由については、従来幕府による朝廷権力の掣肘であるとする見解が主流であったが、近年では亀山が西園寺実兼との不和に加え、霜月騒動で失脚した安達泰盛と親しかった事や、「新制」に対し熱心であった態度が東国のみならず全国へ実効支配を広げようとする得宗勢力の不審を呼んだのではないかとする説が有力となっている。
- Conventionally, it was believed in general that interference in the authority of the imperial court from the bakufu resulted in the above circumstances; but recently it is widely believed that, in addition to the friction between Kameyama and Sanekane SAIONJI, Kameyama's intimacy with Yasumori ADACHI who fell during the Shimotsuki Incident, as well as his ambition for 'Shinsei' (law reconstitution) produced suspiciousness among the Tokuso (the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan) family who aimed to control not only the eastern part, but the entire country.
- 1338年(延元3年/建武 (日本)5年)には北畠顕家が出陣前に新政の失敗を諌める諫奏を行い、北畠親房の『職原抄』や公家の日記などにも新政への批判や不満を述べる文章があるなど、武家や庶民のみならず、後に後醍醐天皇方について北朝と対立した北畠父子のような公家でさえ、新政を支持していなかったことが示唆される。
- Criticism of the new government was not limited to warrior families and commoners, however; in 1338, before Akiie KITABATAKE led his army out, he remonstrated with Emperor Godaigo about the failures of the new government, and his father Chikafusa KITABATAKE's 'Shokugensho' as well as other nobles' diaries record comments critical of and indicating their dissatisfaction with the government, showing that later on, even nobles like the Kitabatake father-son duo, who fought to oppose the Northern dynasty, did not fully support the new government.
- この説によれば、本来の目的は高明のみならず、あわよくば師輔の子供である藤原伊尹兄弟(高明の義兄弟にあたる)の失脚も狙った計画であったものの、高明夫人(師輔の娘)の没後に高明と疎遠になっていた伊尹兄弟もむしろ高明追放後の昇進に期待をかけて高明排斥に積極的に加担したために、彼らを排する機会を逸したというのである。
- According to this theory, the original goal was to oust not only Takaakira, but if circumstances allowed, to oust the FUJIWARA no Koretada brothers (sworn brothers of Takaakira) who were the children of Morosuke, but because the Koretada brothers, (who were estranged from Takaakira after the death of Takaakira's wife, the daughter of Morosuke) actively participated in casting aside Takaakira, expecting to be promoted if successful, the Fujiwara clan lost the opportunity to cast out the FUJIWARA no Koretada brothers.
- 戦況は信雄・家康連合に優位であったものの、信雄が領国としていた伊勢伊賀を秀吉に占領され講和要求に屈したため、合戦の大義を失った家康は家臣内の分裂や石川数正の秀吉側への出奔、秀吉直々の懐柔もあり、天正14年(1586年)10月27日大坂城で秀吉と謁見することで清洲同盟以来の臣従関係を秀吉に対しあらためることとなった。
- While the allied force of Nobuo and Ieyasu was superior in the battle, Nobuo whose territory of Ise and Iga Provinces were occupied by Hideyoshi succumbed to the condition of peace, then Ieyasu losing the cause of the battle had an audience with Hideyoshi at Osaka-jo Castle on December 7, 1586 to show Hideyoshi their subordinate-superior relationship since Kiyosu Alliance, under several situations including the division between Ieyasu's vassals, Kazumasa ISHIKAWA changing side of Hideyoshi, and conciliation by Hideyoshi himself.
- 首都否定論の立場からは、『平家物語』などの文学作品に語られる「福原遷都」の実態については、平氏政権が和田(神戸市)方面への遷都を目的として福原に行宮を置いたに過ぎず、それによって平安京が従来の首都機能を失った様子も特に見られないことから、建前はどうあれ、福原は京都の機能を軍事・貿易面で補完する事実上の副都に留まった、とする主張がある。
- From the standpoint of negative capital, on the actual condition of 'Transfer of the capital to Fukuhara' talked in the literary work such as 'the Tale of Heike,' some insist that the Taira clan government set Angu (tentative capital) in Fukuhara only for the purposes of transfering the captial toward Wada (Kobe City), and since Heian-Kyo did not lose any function as a traditional capital, Fukuhara ended up being the sub-capital to complement Kyoto in military and trade functions.
- スナイドル弾薬の製造設備を失った事は、薩摩を象徴する新兵器だったスナイドル銃が無用の長物と化し、既に旧式化していた前装式のエンフィールド銃で戦わなければならなくなった事を意味しており、後装式と前装式の連射速度の違いがもたらす決定的な戦力差を戊辰戦争での実体験として知る西郷は、この報を聞いて「ちょしもたー」(しまった)との言葉を発したという。
- Now that they lost the production equipment of Snider Ammunition, the Snider rifle, which had symbolized the Satsuma Domain as the new weapon, meant nothing to them and they had to be armed with the outdated muzzle-loading Enfield rifles; it is said that SAIGO shouted 'Damn!' to hear the report because he had realized in the Boshin War that a difference in the burst speed between the muzzleloader and the breechloader makes a crucial difference in fighting power.
- 元寇での戦役や異国警護の負担から没落した無足御家人の借入地や沽却地を無償で取り戻すことが目的と理解されてきたが、現在ではむしろ御家人所領の質入れ、売買の禁止、つまり3ヶ条の(2-a)所領処分権の抑圧が主であり、(2-b)はその前提として失った所領を回復させておくといった二次的な措置であり、それによる幕府の基盤御家人体制の維持に力点があったと理解されている。
- It used to be understood that the purpose of the policy was to repossess, without compensation, the lands sold due to drying up and the lands lent to musoku gokenin (vassal without territory) who got impoverished due to the military campaign at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan and the burden of guarding against the invasion by foreign countries, but it is now understood that the main purpose was rather to prohibit pawnage and trading of shoryo by Gokenin, which means the depression of right to dispose of shoryo as specified in 2-a among the three Articles, and 2-b was a secondary measure to have the lost shoryo returned to Gokenin as the premise of implementing 2-a, all of which seem to put weight on maintaining the Gokenin system which was the foundation of bakufu.
- つまり、「輝く日の宮」については(1)もともとそのような帖はなく作者は(a)(b)(c)のような場面をあえて省略した、(2)「輝く日の宮」は存在したがある時期から失われた、(3)一度は「輝く日の宮」が書かれたがある時期に作者の意向もしくは作者の近辺にいた人物と作者の協議によって削除された(丸谷才一は藤原道長の示唆によるものとする)、の3説があることになる。
- In short, there are three conjectures: (1) such a chapter didn't exist from the beginning, and the author intentionally omitted scenes such as (a), (b), and (c); (2) 'Kakayakuhi no Miya' existed but has been lost since a certain time; and (3) 'Kakayakuhi no Miya' was once written but at some time it was intentionally omitted by the author or deleted after a discussion between the author and another person (Saiichi MARUYA thinks that FUJIWARA no Michinaga suggested that she delete it).
- 1339年(延元4年/暦応2年)に後醍醐天皇が死去すると親房が南朝の指導的人物となるが、親房が1354年(正平9年/文和3年)に死去すると南朝はまた衰微し、幕府内での抗争で失脚した細川清氏が楠木正儀らと南朝に帰順して一時は京都を占拠するものの1367年(正平22年/貞治6年)に敗れ、以降は大規模な南朝の攻勢もなくなり、足利義詮時代には大内弘世や山名時氏なども帰服する。
- When Emperor Godaigo passed away in 1339, Chikafusa became the de facto leader of the Southern Court, but when Chikafusa himself died in 1354, the Southern Court again fell into decline; having lost the internal power struggle within the Ashikaga shogunate, Kiyouji HOSOKAWA switched allegiance to Masanori KUSUNOKI and the Southern Court and together managed to briefly occupy Kyoto, but in 1367 they were defeated, and thereafter the Southern Court lost its large-scale military might, and even suffered the loss of Hiroyo OUCHI and Tokiuji YAMANA, who submitted to the shogunate during the rule of Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- 丸谷才一は大野晋との対談でこの説をさらに深め、(1)b系は空蝉、夕顔、末摘花、玉鬘を中心に源氏の恋の失敗を描いた帖であることが共通している事、(2)筆がa系よりもこなれており叙述に深みがある事などの点から、a系第一部の評価が高くなったのちに、今度は御伽噺の主人公のように完璧な光源氏(実際にa系の源氏はそう描かれている)の人間味を描くために書かれたのがb系ではないかと述べている。
- Saiichi MARUYA deepened this supposition in a conversation with Sususmu ONO, and argued the following two points:(1) Group b is centered on Utsusemi, Yugao, Suetsumuhana and Tamakazura, and it has a commonality in that these chapters depict the failure of Genji's love;(2) Its writing style is more sophisticated than that of group a, and it has more deepened descriptions, which means after the first part of the group a gained a reputation, group b was written this time to describe the human touch of Hikaru Genji, who was like a perfect hero in the fairy tale (Genji in group a was described as such).
- 幕末の期間に関する厳密な定義はないが、嘉永6年(1853年)の黒船つまりアメリカ合衆国のマシュー・ペリー率いるアメリカ海軍のサスケハナ、サラトガ号、ポーハタン号、ミシシッピ号による艦隊の来航から、慶応3年(1867年)に徳川慶喜が大政奉還をおこなって幕府が日本の全国政権としての地位を失い、翌1868年に明治天皇が即位して元号が「明治」と改元されたときまでとするのが、一般的である。
- Though the duration of the Bakumatsu is not strictly defined, it generally refers to the period from 1853, when the squadron, called the Black Ships, led by Commodore Matthew Perry, consisting of the four US Naval ships Susquehanna, Saratoga, Mississippi, and Plymouth, arrived off the shore of Uraga near Edo (current Tokyo), to 1867, when Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA returned power to the Emperor, ending the central governance under the Tokugawa shogunate, allowing the start of the Meiji period in 1868.
- しかしながら公家は実権は失っていたものの茶道・俳諧等の文化活動においてその嫡流たる天皇の権威高揚に努め、天皇は改元にあたって元号を決定する最終的権限を持っていたこと(元号勅定の原則)を始め、将軍や大名の官位も、儀礼上全て天皇から任命されるものであり、権威の源泉として重要な意味を持つ存在であった(これに対しても幕府が元号決定や人事への介入を行い、その権威の縮小・儀礼化を図っている)。
- However, even though Kuge had lost their actual power, they strived to elevate the authority of the Emperor as the main branch of a family in cultural activities such as sado (tea ceremony) and haikai (seventeen-syllable verse), and starting with the final authority to decide the name of era when changing it, all official court ranks of shogun and daimyo were ceremoniously granted by the Emperor, and the Emperor was an existence having important meaning as the source of authority (against this fact, the bakufu also tried to reduce the Emperor's authority to being ceremonious by intervening in changing the name of the era and personal matters).
- これについては南紀派による画策であると言われているが、家定自身も廃人もしくはそれに近い重態ではあったものの、完全に意思能力が失われていたわけではないため、本人の意向で自分の対抗馬である慶喜を嫌って個人的に気にかけていた慶福を指名したとする見方もある(家定の側小姓で後に勘定奉行などを歴任した朝比奈閑水の回想によれば、家定は「自分より慶喜の方が美形」という理由で慶喜に反感を抱いていたと記している)。
- This is said to be a plan made by the Nanki group, but some stated that Iesada, although being almost disabled or in a critical condition, did not lose his mental capacity completely and appointed Yoshitomi whom he liked personally because he disliked his rival Yoshinobu (according to the reflection of Kansui ASAHINA who was Iesada's attendant page and later served as kanjo bugyo [commissioner of finance], Iesada hated Yoshinobu because 'Yoshinobu was more handsome than him').
- この作品には、かぐや姫が竹の中から生まれたという竹中生誕説話(異常出生説話)、かぐやが3ヶ月で大きくなったという急成長説話、かぐや姫の神異によって竹取の翁が富み栄えたという致富長者説話、複数の求婚者へ難題を課していずれも失敗する求婚難題説話、帝の求婚を拒否する帝求婚説話、かぐや姫が月へ戻るという昇天説話(羽衣説話)、最後に富士山の地名由来を説き明かす地名起源説話など、非常に多様な要素が含まれている。
- This work contains very different elements of story: a story of Princess Kaguya's being born from a bamboo (a story of extraordinary birth); a story of sudden growth as Kaguya's becoming grown-up in three months; a story of becoming a rich man as Taketori no Okina's flourishing due to miracles created by Princess Kaguya; a story of suitors and difficult tasks as her giving difficult tasks to the suitors to fail in solving them; a story of Emperor's marriage proposal as her refusing Emperor's courtship; a story of rising to heaven (a story of a robe of feathers) as Princess Kaguya's returning to the moon; a story of an origin of the name of the place as the name of Mt. Fuji being revealed at the end of the tale.
- 『源氏物語』は、なぜ藤原氏全盛の時代(作者の紫式部も藤原氏で、その上『尊卑分脈』注に「紫式部是也(中略)御堂関白道長妾」とあるなど藤原道長の愛人とされる)に、かつて藤原一族が安和の変で失脚させた源氏(朱雀天皇以降、皇后に源氏がなったことはなく、常に藤原北家からの皇后である)を主人公にし、源氏が恋愛に常に勝ち、源氏の帝位継承をテーマとして描いた(王朝物語の全てが源氏が勝利する(例えば『狭衣物語』の狭衣中将)ことを含む)のか。
- There are questions as to why, as a main character, 'The Tale of Genji' set the Genji clan, which was once made to have fallen from power by the Fujiwara clan in the Anna no Hen Conspiracy (after the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was no empress from the Genji clan but always from the Norther House of the Fujiwara clan, during the height of the Fujiwara clan (the author Murasaki Shikibu was also of the Fujiwara clan, and the commentary of 'Japanese Various Families' Trees' says 'A court lady Murasaki Shikibu,... mistress of Michinaga,'), why Genji won the romance and why it described Genji's succession to the Imperial Throne (including the question of why, in all the dynasty tales, the Genji clan always wins (for example, Sagoromo Chujo in 'The Tale of Sagoromo').
- これに対して、12月22日(1868年1月16日)に朝廷は「徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事」という告諭を出した。
- In response, the Imperial Court issued a statement that '徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事' on January 16, 1868.
- また、小笠原氏の内部においても内紛が絶えず、幕府の後ろ盾を得た信濃小笠原氏の小笠原政康(長秀の弟)が一時支配権を確立しそうになったが、嘉吉元年(1441年)の嘉吉の乱で将軍足利義教が暗殺され、後ろ盾を失った政康が死去すると、信濃小笠原氏は長秀の子の小笠原持長(府中家)と政康の子の小笠原宗康、小笠原光康(松尾家)との間で内紛が再発し、さらに松尾家は宗康の系統(鈴岡家)と光康の系統(松尾家)に分裂、三家に分かれて抗争することとなる。
- Also while there were constant conflicts inside the Ogasawara clan, Masayasu OGASAWARA (a younger brother of Nagahide) of the Shinano-Ogasawara clan, who had support from bakufu, almost established control temporally at one time, but in 1441 after Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was murdered at Kakitsu War and Masayasu who lost the support died, the Shinano-Ogasawara clan had an internal conflict again among a three party - a son of Nagahide, Mochinaga OGASAWARA (Fuchu family) and a son of Masayasu, Muneyasu OGASAWARA and Mitsuyasu OGASAWARA (Matsuo family) - and furthermore the Matsuo family had a conflict splitting into three including the line of Muneyasu (Suzuoka family) and the line of Mitsuyasu (Matsuo family).