Honyaku Star - Search: 増大

増大: 269 Terms and Phrases

増大
enlargement
increase
augmentation
expansion
increment
escalation
escalate
growth
swell
intensification

増大号
an enlarged issue

陰茎増大
penis enlargement

負荷増大
load increase

電圧増大
voltage rise

増大する
grow
growing
mount
rise
rising
snowball
swell

増大して
on the rise

増大係数
growth factor

顎堤増大術
alveolar ridge augmentation

増大させる
augment
enlarge
increase

ペニス増大
Penis enlargement

練り返し増大
remolding gain

歯槽堤増大術
alveolar ridge augmentation

失業者の増大
the increase in unemployment

雇用機会の増大
increase in employment opportunities

保留量増大能力
retention increasing ability

増大を促進する
promote the growth of

圧力は増大した
The pressure augmented

高さを増大させる
increase the height of

成長するか、増大する
grow or intensify

5. 清朝への不信増大
5. Growing distrust of the Qing dynasty.

その中の圧力を増大させる
increase the pressure in or of

社交故障を示す犯罪の増大
a rise in crime symptomatic of social breakdown

私の投資は9倍に増大した
my investment has increased ninefold

コンピュータ化増大の動き
movement toward increased computerization

価格は昨年2倍に増大した
the price increased twofold last year

物語は、感情を増大させた
The story accreted emotion

貿易が国富を増大させた。
Trade increased the country's wealth.

増大と増進によって強化する
intensifying by augmentation and enhancement

ハドソン川のそばで増大される
fed by the Hudson River

掛け算のように大きく増大する
greatly increased as by multiplication

両翼の部隊での損害が増大した。
Casualties increased in both wings.

自然成長もしくは添加による増大
an increase by natural growth or addition

増大した移民が植民地を強化した
the increased immigration strengthened the colony

税の増大は1月までさかのぼった
The increase in tax was backdated to January

再生音の振幅を増大させる増幅器
an amplifier that increases the amplitude of reproduced sound

数を結合することにより、増大する
make an addition by combining numbers

通商と製造の増大もこれを促進します。
The increase of commerce and manufactures promotes it,

あなたの給与は仕事量に応じて増大する
your salary will rise proportionately to your workload

身体のある部分の異常な突起または増大
an abnormal outgrowth or enlargement of some part of the body

彼らは軍事予算を増大させようとした。
They intended to increase the military budget.

人の胴回りの増大（特に中年期において）
the expansion of a person's girth (especially at middle age)

エイズで苦しんでいる人の数は増大した。
The number of people suffering from AIDS has increased.

１９世紀には移民の数が急激に増大した。
In the 19th century, the number of immigrants swelled rapidly.

彼の発作の頻度は歳をとるとともに増大した
the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older

骨密度の増大で特徴づけられる遺伝性の疾患
an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density

富や名声や権力や何かの範囲を増大させる行為
the act of increasing the wealth or prestige or power or scope of something

アジア諸国からの輸入品は近年増大している。
The imports from Asian countries have expanded recently.

最近の大統領の演説は近東での緊張を増大させた
The recent speech of the president augmented tensions in the Near East

時代が下るにつれて各寺とも行人の力が増大した。
In more recent years, the power of Gyonin increased in all temples.

だが、粗悪な渡来銭や私鋳銭の流通量は増大した。
However, the turn-over volume of poor quality of Torai-sen (the importation of currency from China) and Shichusen increased.

頻発する心臓発作のリスクを増大させるようである
appears to increase the risk of recurrent heart attacks

発展は列挙された品目の重さの増大を暗示していた
the progression implied an increasing weightiness of the items listed

抗体活動のあるタンパク質が血液にかなり増大する
proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood

周波数の平均値は振幅の増大にしたがって減じる。
The mean value of the frequency decreases with increasing amplitude.

人間の欲望は、持てば持つほどますます増大する。
The more we have, the greater our desire will be.

しかし、時代を経るごとにその数は増大して行った。
However, as times changed their number increased.

従来の十三絃の箏の低音域と高音域を増大している。
It is made to increase the low and high ranges of traditional Jusangen So (13-string Koto).

神経伝達物質GABAの抑制効果を増大して作用する
acts by enhancing the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter GABA

警官のはっきりしない振舞いで被害者の不安は増大した
the officer's equivocal behavior increased the victim's uneasiness

明治時代に入り教育の普及が進むにつれて生産量が増大。
Production of the Kumano-fude increased as education became widely available after the Meiji era began.

量、あるいは有効性を増大させて、価値の上昇を生み出す
increase the amount or availability of, creating a rise in value

範囲またはサイズ、または大きさあるいは範囲で増大した
increased in extent or size or bulk or scope

しばしばタンカーがこぼす石油も水質汚染を増大させる。
Oil often spilled by tankers also adds to water pollution.

ときどきタンカーがこぼす石油も水質汚染を増大させる。
Oil often spilled by tankers also adds to water pollution.

細胞分裂を行わずに細胞の大きさが増大することによる成長
growth from increase in cell size without cell division

言うまでもなく、サーバの負荷が増大してしまうものです。
Obviously, the server load will increase as a result.

そのままの位相で入力にし、振幅を増大させるフィードバック
feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input

その軍勢は、その勝利の数に比例して増大するのがふつうだ。
whose forces usually increase in proportion to their victories,

航空機が音速に近付いたとき、空気力学の抵抗が増大すること
the increase in aerodynamic drag as an airplane approaches the speed of sound

増大した収益力を期待して合併の利点の分析に基づいての買収
an acquisition based on analysis of the benefits of consolidation in anticipation of increased earning power

エネルギーを増大させ、食欲を減退させる中枢神経系の刺激剤
a central nervous system stimulant that increases energy and decreases appetite

しかし、かえって彰義隊の力が増大し、新政府軍の懐疑を招く。
However, the Shogitai troop force increased in power, inviting remarks of skepticism from the new government.

効果的に行われた仕事の量と、増大した設備と出費を取り違える
confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done

当然、治天・天皇の交替を求める大覚寺統からの圧力は増大した。
As expected, the pressure exerted by the Daikakuji line demanding a change in Chiten/Emperor grew.

ここまでで、この時期の政治不安増大に関する概要を述べてきた。
Up to this point I have presented an overview of the growth of political unrest in the period.

大正期から続いた不景気に世界恐慌が直撃し、社会不安が増大した。
The recession having continued from the Taisho period was hit by the world depression directly, significantly destabilizing society.

中心点からの距離が常に増大するように回る点の軌跡となる平面曲線
a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center

（エンジンなどについて）過給機が装備されたことで力を増大させる
(of e.g. an engine) having the power increased by fitting with a supercharger

ヨーロッパの区分は戦争をしている圏に、絶えず増大する遠応力を生む
the division of Europe into warring blocs produces ever-increasing centrifugal stress

増大するか、作り上げる、または徐々に、あるいは段階的に大きくなる
enlarge, develop, or increase by degrees or in stages

その美しさを増大させ、または際立たせる意図をもった何かを提供する
provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

一方で貧富の格差も増大し、労働争議や社会主義運動が起こるようになる。
On the other hand, a gap between the rich and the poor was widened, and disputes and socialism came to arise.

どの価格上昇も、資力が増大した価格に追いつかない人には禁止に等しく、
Every increase of cost is a prohibition, to those whose means do not come up to the augmented price;

特に戦後、本格的に都市人口が増大すると、至るところで銭湯が建築された。
Sento were constructed everywhere, especially after the war, when the urban population increased to a significant extent.

協定はアメリカと日本の間における緊張の増大を避けるものとして評価された。
The agreement was valued to greatly release tensions between the United States and Japan.

また泰綱の郎党等が国方の者と称して蜂起し、この喧嘩を増大させようとした。
Yasutsuna's retainers revolted while identifying themselves as a government force in an attempt to increase the brawl.

ただし音量の増大を目的とした改良も行なわれている（山田検校の箏改良など）。
However, it is to be noted that some attempts to increase sound levels were also made (such as in the improvement of the So made by the blind koto master YAMADA).

離婚の増大の結果、夫婦間、親子間に大きな不安を生じさせることは間違いない。
It is certain that the increase of divorce will lead to anxiety between couples, parents and children.

茶道人口が町人にまで増大する中、茶碗以外に香合や花入れなど多数の作品を制作。
Under the circumstance that the Sado population was increasing while extending even to townspeople, he created many works other than tea bowls including kogo (incense container) and hanaire (vase).

家純の晩年には家宰の横瀬氏の力が増大し、主家を凌ぐ力を持つようになっていた。
In the last years of Iezumi, the Kasai (main retainer) the Yokose clan, had grown in power, and came to wield more influence than the Iwamatsu clan.

3万8,000人に増大した織田・徳川連合軍は5月18日、設楽原に陣を敷いた。
The Oda and Tokugawa allied forces increased to 38,000 troops set up an encampment at Shitaragahara on July 6.

個々の個体の増大は数学者が「微分」（無限に小さな量）と呼ぶものに似ています。
Each individual increment may resemble what mathematicians call a 'differential' (a quantity indefinitely small);

だが、伊藤博文の暗殺によって元老間の権力均衡が崩れて山縣有朋の発言力が増大した。
However, the assassination of Hirobumi ITO caused the disruption of the power balance between Genro (elder statesmen), which enhanced the influence of Aritomo YAMAGATA.

空海がそれによって飛躍的に記憶力を増大させたと言われる虚空蔵求聞持法に由来する。
This custom is said to be derived from Kokuzo gumonjiho (Ritual of Praying to Akasagarbha to Increase Memory) with which Kukai greatly increased his memory.

平氏一門は院庁別当・左馬寮・内蔵寮などの要職を占め、政治への影響力を増大させた。
The Taira family took charge of several important offices, including the posts of Innocho Betto (chief administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office), Samaryo (Left Division of Bureau of Horses), and Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), thereby greatly increasing their political influence over the government.

現代の人間の労働者階級化と、大衆層の増大は同じプロセスの二つの側面をもっている。
The growing proletarianization of modern man and the increasing formation of masses are two aspects of the same process.

また、公営田や官田などの直営田や、諸司田・勅旨田・賜田などの私有地が増大していた。
As a result of this system there was a sharp increase in chokueiden (rice fields managed directly), such as Kueiden (land managed directly by the government to secure revenue) and Kanden (imperial estates), as well as privately-owned land, such as Shoshiden (land exempt from taxes provided to cover labor costs of shoshi (officials), Chokushiden (land developed by Imperial order) and Shiden (land donated by the Emperor).

彼女はその紳士の心づかいを喜び、その効果は母親が声高に表明する賞賛により増大した。
She was flattered by the gentleman's attentions, and the effect was increased by the loudly expressed admiration of her mother.

また、黄砂とは別の問題である大気汚染などが、黄砂の悪影響を増大させている側面もある。
There is also the aspect that air pollution, not directly related to kosa, has increased bad effects of kosa.

日本国民の政治感覚のなさが、世論（大衆の意見）が輿論（公的な意見）となり増大された。
Lack of political sense of Japanese people was increased because Seron (grass-roots opinion) grew into Koron (public opinion).

一方で江戸時代半ば以降に茶道人口が増大すると、一度に大勢をもてなす必要も生じてきた。
On the other hand, as the population of tea ceremony practitioners grew in the mid-Edo period, there had been another necessity of serving tea to a group of people at once.

そのため、村上氏の勢力が衰退し代わって武田氏の脅威が増大すると援助を求めるようなった。
Therefore, as the power of the Murakami clan declined, they became to seek the help of the Nagao clan instead of the Murakami clan when the threat of the Takada clan increased.

やがて武士の地位が高まってくると、公私にわたって文書を出す機会が増大するようになった。
Later, when the rank of Bushi (warriors) got higher, they had a greater opportunity to write official and personal Monjo.

さらに同時期の元寇もこれらの諸矛盾をさらに増大させ、悪党活動の活発化を促したのである。
Additionally, genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan), which occurred around this time also intensified the various contradictions, and induced the increase of akuto activities.

この政宗に始まる開墾事業は後の藩主たちにも受け継がれ、仙台藩の実高はみるみる増大した。
The reclamation work started by Masamune was taken over by the succeeding feudal lords of the domain, therefore the actual land value of Sendai Domain rapidly increased.

しかし、兼実失脚後は頼朝の鎌倉幕府の権威の増大に対してこれと融和して政権維持を図った。
However, after the downfall of Kanezane, he agreed with Yoritomo's intention to increase the authority of Kamakura bakufu and aimed to maintain the administrative power.

リセッションは一般的傾向としては経済活動が増大している時に一時的に落ち込むことである。
Recession is a temporary falling off of business activity during a period when such activity is generally increasing.

江戸時代、刊本は「乾本」の系統が付録の増大・形式の変化などで廃れるまで続けて利用された。
In the Edo period, the printed setsuyoshu had been used continuously until the 'Inuibon' and its lineages waned due to the undue increase of supplements and the change of the style.

これが万葉集になると、一般名詞や用言にかかる枕詞も沢山使われるようになり、範囲が増大する。
But in Manyoshu, a lot of makurakotoba that precede common nouns or non-noun words come into use, and the ranges for their usage expand.

ロシアの勢力が朝鮮から後退したことによって再び日本の勢力が増大し韓国の経済的支配を進めた。
Russia's retreat from Korea encouraged Japan to get back the power, and it promoted the economic domination in Korea.

これは野外での演奏のため、弦長を大きくして張力を高め、音量の増大をはかったものと思われる。
It is considered that as these songs were played outdoors, it was necessary to make the lengths of the strings longer to increase the volume of the sounds.

さらに天保の改革によって人情本が衰退すると、その穴を埋めるように合巻の刊行点数が増大した。
In addition, the Ninjobon fell into a decline because of the Tenpo Reforms, the number of publishing Gokan increased to fill the blank.

南北朝時代 (日本)に戦乱が全国に及ぶと、守護大名の力が増大し、国衙も支配するようになった。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when disturbances of war spread throughout the country, shugo daimyo (military governors) increased their power and started to govern Kokuga.

富豪層と一般百姓層の格差はますます増大し、一般百姓は次第に富豪の支配下に組み込まれていった。
The gap between millionaires and common peasants gew larger and larger; the latter gradually came under the former's influence.

電子部品、または、電気機械部品によって増大、または置き換えられる、特定の生理的機能を持つさま
having particular physiological functions augmented or replaced by electronic or electromechanical components

彼らは移民団を送り、弱小な勢力と友好な関係を維持しながらも、その力を増大させないようにして、
they sent colonies and maintained friendly relations with the minor powers, without increasing their strength;

少子化からの脱却には、非婚マザーの増大が必須なのに、日本の世論はなぜかこの議論を避けている。
Although an increase of unmarried mothers is needed in order to escape the declining birth rate for some reason public opinion in Japan is avoiding this argument.

『古語拾遺』によれば、雄略天皇代、増大する諸国からの貢物に対応すべく、新たに大蔵が興された。
According to 'Kogo-shui' (History of the Inbe clan), Okura (a government treasury) was set up to accommodate the increasing number of gifts presented from regions throughout the nation in the era of Emperor Yuryaku.

1970年代には蔵書の順調な増大、閲覧者の増加が進み、本館の施設は早くも手狭になりつつあった。
As the collection steadily expanded and the number of library users increased during the 1970s, it became readily apparent that more space would be required.

また活版印刷の導入によって絵に対して文章の比重が高まったほか発行部数の増大などの変化があった。
Furthermore, with the introduction of letterpress printing, the written word became more important than the graphics and besides this, there were changes such as massive growth of circulation etc.

これは、川柳の多角化におおいに貢献し、女流作家が増大するとともに情念も川柳の表現の一部となった。
They contributed greatly toward the diversification of senryu, and passions became part of the expression in senryu as female poets increased in number.

農村の生産力の増大と、荘園領主の没落で、農民の地位はしだいに向上し、やがて自治的な惣村をつくる。
Farmers improved their status through the increase of productivity in villages and the decline of lords of the manor, so that soon they were able to create autonomous villages (惣村).

鎌倉時代中期になると北条氏の権力が増大し、多くの鎌倉御家人が所領のある地方へと下向した時期である。
In the middle of the Kamakura period, as the Hojo clan's power grew even larger, many immediate vassal of the shogun went down to the provinces where they owned territories.

というのも、その危険はしだいに増大するからですが、それでも彼らは才能でそれらを克服していくのです。
for all their dangers are in the ascent, yet with ability they will overcome them;

そのため、美術の享受者層も増大し、寺社、公家、武家などに加え、裕福な町人層が有力なパトロンとなった。
Therefore, the stratum of the art beneficiaries became wider, in other words, the rich merchant class entered the art community - almost occupied by temples, shrines, court nobles, and samurai until then - as a powerful patron.

これは、前代と一線を画すような文化交流の増大を意味し、その裏に政治的統一の進展を見る説が有力である。
This strongly supports the theory that there was dramatic growth of cultural exchange unheard of in the previous age, behind which advances were made in political unification.

後に陸軍では山県有朋の影響力が増大し、寺内正毅や田中義一らが山県閥を形成し、陸軍内の主流派となった。
Later the influence of Aritomo YAMAGATA increased and Masatake TERAUCHI and Giichi TANAKA formed Yamagata clique in the Army and they became mainstream in the Army.

また、買米仕法を再編強化し、農民から余剰米を強制的に供出させ、それを江戸に廻漕して利益を増大させた。
Also, he reorganized and reinforced the kaimai shiho (rice trading system) that he forced farmers to provide the domain with surplus rice which was shipped to Edo to gain more profit.

その後桐壺帝から朱雀帝に世は移り、桐壺院崩御と共に弘徽殿女御（朱雀帝の母）側の勢力は日に日に増大する。
The era changed from Emperor Kiritsubo to Emperor Suzaku and after the death of the Retired Emperor Kiritsubo, the power of Kokiden Nyogo (mother of the Emperor Suzaku) increased day by day.

官政・外記政において結政を担当するようになるとその役割が増大し、特に外記及び史の地位が大きく上昇した。
As Jokan also took charge of katanashi (a ritual for reading out bound documents on the government affairs before the actual work starts) in Kansei (Imperial meetings at a Daijokan agency) and Gekisei (meetings at a Geki agency), it increased its role and the status of Geki and Shi in particular much improved.

第一次世界大戦後の好況による輸送量増大に伴い、鉄道省は蒸気機関車のさらなる性能向上と標準化を推進した。
Along with the increased traffic volume due to the Post-World War I economic boom, the Ministry of Railways promoted the further upgrading and standardization of steam locomotives.

しかし幕末にはこの負担が多くの大名の財政を圧迫し、むしろ幕府への不満を増大させ、討幕運動の遠因となった。
However, toward the end of the Edo period, this obligation put a strain on the finances of many daimyo, increasing their dissatisfaction with the bakufu and becoming an underlying cause of the anti-shogunate movement.

しかし、9世紀前期までには、百姓の逃亡・浮浪が著しく増大し、律令制の人別支配は根幹から動揺し始めていた。
However, by the first half of the ninth century, the rule over people under the Ritsuryo system began to crumble from the ground up because a significant increase in the number of farmers escaping or going missing.

米価の暴騰は一般市民の生活を苦しめ、新聞が連日米の価格高騰を知らせ煽った事もあり、社会不安を増大させた。
The sharp rise in rice prices made ordinary citizens' lives hard and grew the social anxiety since the newspapers reported the rise in rice prices daily and fueled it.

集団の産業の効率が増大し、武器がより完成されたものになると、攻撃への刺激やこのような達成の機会も増大した。
As the industrial efficiency of the group increases, and as weapons are brought to greater perfection, the incentives to aggression and the opportunities for achievement along this line increase.

しかし、それでは三代後に国に返さなければならないことが見えており、農民の墾田意欲を増大させるには至らなかった。
However, since the owner had to return their land to the state after three generations, the law did not increase farmers' willingness to develop new lands.

元慶の乱が始まる直前に、秋田城の対北海道蝦夷の饗給の増大は、出羽国の財政を圧迫するまでに問題化していたという。
Immediately before the Gangyo War, the increase in the cost of Akita-jo Castle to appease the Emishi in Hokkaido had become a problem, to the extent that the finances of Dewa Province were put under pressure.

円高も相まってオレンジの輸入が増大する一方で主に北米向けに行われていた輸出は途絶え、ミカン栽培は危機を迎えた。
The strong yen accelerated the above and while the orange imports increased, the export of mikan mainly to North America ceased and mikan cultivation was in a state of crisis.

日本経済の発達に伴い交易量が増大した結果、朝鮮王朝はこうした負担に耐えられなくなり、交易の制限を図るようになる。
Since the number of trade transactions increased because of the development of the Japanese economy, the Korean Dynasty was no longer able to manage such financial burdens, and they finally began to restrict the trading activities.

しかし、1515年八上城を築いて根拠とした波多野氏が次第に勢力を増大させていくにしたがって内藤氏の勢いは衰える。
The power of the Naito clan waned as the Hatano clan, which built Yakami-jo Castle in 1515 as its base, gradually expanded its power.

しかしこの改革によって好色画・好色本が禁圧され人情本が衰退すると、人情本の読者が合巻に流れて刊行点数が増大した。
However, due to these reforms, lewd images and erotic books were banned and, together with the decline of novels, the readers of novels switched over to 'Gokan' picture books leading to an increase in the number of titles published.

これら超大作路線による借入金の増大とバブル崩壊などにより、大映のみならず徳間書店グループ自体の累積赤字が膨らんだ。
Debts from these mega-productions combined with the collapse of Japan's economic bubble resulted in cumulative losses not only for Daiei but for the entire Tokuma Shoten Group as well.

鉱山の開発や鉄道の建設、衛生環境の改善や、農林水産業の近代化などで台湾の生活水準は向上し、農工業の生産も増大した。
The development of mines, construction of railways and improvement of public health, modernization of agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries contributed to a higher living standard of Taiwan as well as an increase of agricultural and industrial production.

小筒に比べて威力が増大した分扱いが難しい上に高価なので、臨時雇いでなく継続して主人に仕える足軽が用いる銃とされた。
Since it was more powerful, it became more difficult to handle the middle barrel compared to a small one; also, since it was expensive, it was regarded as a gun used not by temporaries, but mainly by ashigaru who continuously served the master.

しかしそれは、経済での失敗、賃金の伸びの鈍化、増大する不公平性、そしてわれわれの間の深い溝によって弱体化している。
but is weakened by business failures, stagnant wages, increasing inequality, and deep divisions among OUR OWN people.

彼らは移民団を送り、弱小な勢力と友好な関係を維持しながらも、その力を増大させないようにして、強大な勢力は抑えこんで、
they sent colonies and maintained friendly relations with(*) the minor powers, without increasing their strength;

そして人が抵抗を遅らせれば遅らせるほど、毎日その人は弱っていきますが、その人に対する敵の強さは増大していくのです。
And the longer a man delayeth his resistance, the weaker he groweth, and the stronger groweth the enemy against him.

もっとも知性の高い類人猿では、触覚できる範囲も繊細さも大いに増大し、こうして知識への新しい大通りが動物に開かれます。
In the most intelligent anthropoid apes we find the tactual range and delicacy greatly augmented, new avenues of knowledge being thus open to the animal.

感覚の発達とともに、有機体と環境の間の調整はしだいに空間的に拡大し、経験の増大ととそれに応じた行動の修正が生じます。
With the development of the senses the adjustments between the organism and its environment gradually extend in space, a multiplication of experiences and a corresponding modification of conduct being the result.

茂久の後見を務めた斉興が安政6年（1859年）9月に没すると、藩主の実父として忠教の藩内における政治的影響力が増大。
When Narioki who acted as Shigehisa's guardian died in October, 1839, Tadanori's political influence as the father of the domain lord in the domain increased.

だから、開発者を加えることで発生する、幾何級数的な複雑性と管理コスト増大という問題には直面しないですむというわけだ。
Thus it doesn't fall prey to the same quadratic complexity and management costs that make adding developers problematic.

大坂・江戸などの中央市場での米価の低下が深刻化し、新田開発による耕地の増大や年貢増徴による収入の増加も頭打ちとなった。
The price of rice became alarmingly low on such central markets as Osaka and Edo, and the increase in the income due to the increase of agricultural land made by the development of new fields and the increase of land tax also reached the limit.

この時代は貴族の摂関政治が衰え、代わって武士が台頭しつつある動乱期で、治安の乱れも激しく民衆の不安は増大しつつあった。
In this period, the warrior class was increasing its power while regency of nobility was declining and people's anxiety was growing due to the unstable and dangerous society.

しかし足軽の増大と彼らが繰り出す対騎馬隊戦法により、先ず西国から、後には全国的に馬から降りて徒歩で突撃する様になった。
However, with the increase of ashigaru and the emergence of its military strategy against cavalry, rushing at the enemy's position on foot by dismounting from the horse became common first in the western part of Japan, and later throughout the country.

天正10年（1582年）2月には、信玄の娘婿で外戚の木曾義昌が新府城築城のための負担増大への不満から織田信長に寝返る。
In March or April (February in old lunar calendar) 1582, Yoshimasa KISO, Shingen's adopted son-in-law and a maternal relative, switched sides to Nobunaga ODA because he was unhappy about the increased burden for the construction of Shipu-jo Castle.

これにより、歳出に占める軍事費の割合は1882年度17.4%だったものが、1890年度には30%を超えるまでに増大した。
With these plans, the ratio of military expenditure to the total annual expenditure increased 17.4% in fiscal 1882 to more than 30% in fiscal 1890.

皮肉にもこれを維持できたのは大学寮からの給料を必要としない大学別曹保有氏族出身の学生の増大による大学寮支出の減少であった。
Ironically, the reason why Daigaku-ryo could be maintained was that the spending of Daigaku-ryo was reduced due to an increase in students from clans that possess Daigaku-besso, who did not need a salary from Daigaku-ryo.

戦後、高度経済成長に需要が増大し、生産高・組合員数が過去最高となるも、オイルショックやバブル景気バブル崩壊で減少に転じる。
After the war, during the rapid economic growth period, the demand for the weave increased, and its production output and the number of the association members were at its highest numbers ever, but the oil crisis, bubble economy and burst of the bubble caused its decline.

復興ブームによる果実消費の増大によってウンシュウミカンは高値で取引されるようになり、一部では「黄色いダイヤ」とも呼ばれた。
With the increase of fruit consumption caused by the booming recovery after the war, unshu mikan was traded at high prices and some people called it 'yellow diamond.'

日清戦争における日本の勝利と、韓国国内政治への影響力の増大により、朝鮮半島への主導権に関する日露の緊張は増大し続けていた。
Tension between Japan and Russia about the initiative on the Korean Peninsula continued to increase due to Japanese victory in the Sino-Japanese War and the growing Japanese influence on the domestic politics of South Korea.

ローマ帝国は軍事的義務負担の増大で没落したという論拠なき主張に答えて、バルフォア氏はそれは『まったく史実に反する』と言った。
When Mr Balfour replied to the allegations that the Roman Empire sank under the weight of its military obligations, he said that this was 'wholly unhistorical.'

だが、平安時代末期に入ると社会不安が増大し、広大な所領の持ち主であり裕福であった大寺院は盗賊などに狙われる危険性が高くなった。
However, towards the end of the Heian period, social unrest spread and there was an increased risk of large temples, which owned vast tracts of land and had grown wealthy, attracting thieves.

第三の反対論であり、政府の干渉を制限することの最も説得力のある理由は、その権力を不必要に増大させるという、大きな害悪なのです。
The third, and most cogent reason for restricting the interference of government, is the great evil of adding unnecessarily to its power.

1930年代に入ると満州事変・日中戦争などによる日本から中国へ向かう輸送需要の激増で、東海道本線・山陽本線の輸送量も増大した。
Entering the 1930s, demands for transportation from Japan to China increased rapidly due to the Manchurian Incident and Sino-Japanese war, increasing the amount of traffic on the Tokaido Main line and Sanyo Main line as well.

慶長3年（1598年）に豊臣秀吉が死去すると、翌年3月の前田利家の死去、石田三成の失脚を経て、徳川家康の権力がますます増大した。
Ieyasu TOKUGAWA gained more power after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in 1598, the death of Toshiie MAEDA in March of the following year, and the downfall of Mitsunari ISHIDA.

平安時代初期の右大臣藤原園人は、貧民救済を主要政策として精力的に取り組んだが、貧民層の増大が課題となっていたことを物語っている。
FUJIWARA no Sonohito, Udaijin (Mnister of the Right) in the early part of the Heian period, made positive efforts to rescue the poor, which showed that there was a problematic increase in the number of poor people.

彼は弱小勢力を破壊し、イタリアのより強い勢力の力を増大させ、外国勢力を導き入れ、またその国に移住せず、移民団も送りませんでした。
he destroyed the minor powers, he increased the strength of one of the greater powers in Italy, he brought in a foreign power, he did not settle in the country, he did not send colonies.

彼は重力を力だと認めていましたが、重力は距離が増大するほど単純に減少するとし、また純粋に地球上のものとした点では誤っていました。
He recognises gravity as a force, though he falls into the error of making it diminish simply as the distance increased, and of making it purely terrestrial.

日本でも絹は古代から産出したが、中国産に比べると品質が悪く、太平の世の到来で高級衣料である中国絹に対する需要が増大したためである。
Silk was produced in Japan from ancient times but was poor in quality compared to Chinese, and the peaceful era saw an increase in the desire for Chinese silk which was needed to produce expensive clothing.

しかし、室町時代後半になると管領などが発給する御教書が減少するかわりに御内書が増大し、将軍の意思を直接通達する書状として公文書化する。
During the late Muromachi period, however, Gonaisho were increasingly issued in place of Migyosho issued by kanrei (shogunal deputy), and its nature became more of a quasi-official document used by the shogun to directly inform people of his intentions.

こうした空間的、時間的拡大にともなって、動物の様々な段階を通じて、調整は特殊化や複雑化でも増大していき、理性の領域まで到達するのです。
Along with this extension in space and time the adjustments also increase in specialty and complexity, passing through the various grades of brute life, and prolonging themselves into the domain of reason.

同後半の黒船来航と日米和親条約締結を契機として、幕府の管理貿易体制（鎖国）は解かれ、結果として幕府の威信は低下し、朝廷の権威が増大した。
With the arrival of Kurofune (the black ships of Commodore Matthew Perry) and the conclusion of Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan as the turning point, the trade system controlled by the bakufu (Sakoku) was dissolved, resultantly lowering the authority of the bakufu and increasing the authority of the Imperial Court.

確かに、クセノフォンは『キュロスの教育』の中で、小アジア諸勢力の連合がメディアやペルシアの勢力増大にたいする警戒から生じたと述べている。
It is certain, that XENOPHON,*67 in his Institution of CYRUS, represents the combination of the ASIATIC powers to have arisen from a jealousy of the encreasing force of the MEDES and PERSIANS;

ロシアでは、相次ぐ敗北と、それを含めた帝政に対する民衆の不満が増大し、1905年1月9日には血の日曜日事件 (1905年)が発生していた。
In Russia, the successive defeats exacerbated popular dissatisfaction towards the Czarist regime, leading to the Bloody Sunday Incident on January 9th, 1905.

また寛永期を過ぎると金銀の産出に陰りが見え始めたのに対し、人口が次第に増加し経済が発展して幕府の支出が増大したため財政難に陥るようになる。
As the outputs of gold and silver began to decline after the Kanei era, in spite of the increase of expenditure due to the economic development and the population growth, the shogunate government got into financial trouble.

これにより、鉄道収入の6割を占めていた専用線の輸送業務委託料が失われ、赤字額の大幅な増大が見込まれたため、同年5月1日に全線が廃線された。
This meant that the commission of transportation, which occupied 60 % of all railway income, would be lost, and its deficits were expected to increase greatly, so the whole operation of the railway was ended on May 1 of that year.

宝永の札遣い停止令を経て、元文5年（1740年）に、藩財政窮乏の緩和、藩経済の発展に対応した通貨量増大などを目的として藩札の発行を再開した。
After the order for the suspension of bills in the Hoei era lapsed, in 1740 the domain again issued han bills to ease financial poverty and to increase the amount of currency for economic growth.

こうした就学政策に加えて、唐風文化への関心の増大などがあり、平安時代前期に相当する9世紀から10世紀初頭にかけてが大学寮の全盛期にあたった。
In addition to these school attendance policies, because of a rise in interest in a Tang Dynasty-style culture, Daigaku-ryo saw its heyday between the 9th century and the early 10th century, which corresponds to the first half of the Heian period.

灘酒の生産量の増大などによって、やがて灘のなかでは人手が不足しはじめ、これを補うかたちで播磨国や丹波国から出稼ぎ人が集められるようになった。
Before long, the increase of the production of Nada sake caused a shortage of personnel in the Nada district, and they recruited workers who were willing to work in Nada from Harima Province and Tanba Province in order to fill up such vacancies.

そのすばらしく融通の利く鼻のおかげで有するその触覚できる範囲と技能、およびその結果得られる経験の増大は、象の聡明さの基礎となっているのです。
its tactual range and skill, and the consequent multiplication of experiences, which it owes to its wonderfully adaptable trunk, being the basis of its sagacity.

これは戦後、一時的にせよ倭国が百済への影響力を増大させることを意味していたが、百済再興の為には古くからの同盟国である倭国の助けが不可欠だった。
After the war, this resulted in a temporary strengthening of Wakoku's influence over Kudara, but assistance from Kudara's old ally Wakoku was indispensible for their restoration.

これは、戦争によって増大した対外支払のために金貨の政府への集中が必要となり、金の輸出を禁止、通貨の金兌換を停止せざるをえなくなったからである。
The government needed to collect gold coins to pay the increased external payment due to the war, and as a result, the government had to lay an embargo on the export of gold and suspend currency conversion to gold.

鎌倉時代後期には、異国警固などの出費が増大しただけでなく、貨幣経済の浸透や分割相続制によって幕府を支える中小御家人の零細化・疲弊が進んでいた。
In the late Kamakura period, middle and small classes of gokenin who supported the Shogunate not only had to increase their expenditures for military service in the Kyushu area to provide against the invasion of the Yuan Dynasty, but also became gradually insignificant and impoverished due to the penetration of the money economy and divided succession.

第三篇では文三の独白の部分が増大し、第一篇で顕著に見られた、読者への呼びかけをしながら物語をあたかも主導するような語り手の姿は背景に退いている。
In the third chapter, Bunzo's monologues increased and the narrator stepped back to the background who was in the first chapter telling the story to the readers and notably seized the control of the story.

それで、過去の知識が、その知識に関するだいたい適切と思われる想定と混ざり合って、五感によって提供される情報を増大させるために利用されるのである。
And so, knowledge from the past, mixed up with assumptions about that knowledge, which may be more or less appropriate, is used to augment information provided by the senses.

構成上、先行する『玉葉和歌集』と異なるのは、春・秋を各三巻に増大した代わり、雑歌を玉葉の五巻から三巻に縮め、また賀歌を掉尾に置き換えたことである。
The differences in structure of the collection between Fuga Wakashu and the preceding anthology 'Gyokuyo Wakashu' (Jeweled Leaves Collection) is that the compilers reduced five volumes of miscellaneous poems to three, increasing each volume of Spring and Autumn to three books instead, and moreover, a volume of Gaka (Celebration Poetry) was replaced with Chobi.

5世紀には農業生産力が上がり国力が増大し、日本書紀には、この時期に朝鮮半島に兵を送り、一時期は朝鮮半島の一部を領有した（→任那説）と記されている。
According to'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), agricultural productivity and national power grew until the 5th century, at which time armies were sent to the Korean Peninsula, occupying a part of it for a while (the theory of Mimana).

吹替え（改鋳）によるものではなく、享保大判と同形式であり金品位も近く、吹増大判（ふきましおおばん）あるいは吹継大判（ふきつぎおおばん）とも呼ばれる。
It was not issued because of currency reform, and it was similar in shape to and close in gold quality to Kyoho-Oban (large-sized coin of the Kyoho era), and was also called fukimashi Oban or fukitsugi Oban.

平安時代後期、特に武家勢力が活発になった前九年の役や後三年の役あたりから武家の勢力が増大し、これに伴い太刀が発達し、通常これ以降の物を日本刀とする。
In the late Heian period, especially around the time of Early Nine-Years War and Late Three-Years War, Tachi was developed along with increasing power of samurai, and usually the ones after this period are called Japanese swords.

増大させたいと思う特定の外観にじっと注目して、子孫の血統に再現するようなものを選択し、親のタイプとはびっくりするほど異なるまで、増加を重ねるのです。
With his eye still directed to the particular appearance which he wishes to exaggerate, he selects it as it reappears in successive broods, and thus adds increment to increment until an astonishing amount of divergence from the parent type is effected.

12世紀に入ると、荘園の増大で税収が減り、上級貴族に俸給を払えなくなった朝廷は、彼らに知行国として国を与え、その国に関する国司の任命権と税収を与えた。
In the 12th century, as a result of the reduction in tax revenue caused by the expansion of the shoen, the Imperial Court was no longer able to pay salaries to high-ranked aristocrats, so it gave these nobles provinces as chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom), as well as the right to appoint kokushi (provincial governors) and collect taxes.

その結果、本願寺の権力は年々増大し、11世の顕如が門跡（門跡は皇族・貴族が僧籍に入り住職となる際の呼称）になるなど、中央権力との結びつきが強くなった。
As a result, the Hongan-ji Temple power grew year by year and strengthened a connection with the central authority when the 11th chief priest Kennyo became Monzeki (this title was basically given to the Imperial family and nobility who entered into priesthood and became a chief priest).

当初は舞鶴西港に発着していたが、増大する輸送力に対応するため、1990年（平成2年）舞鶴東港に国内貿易の拠点埠頭として整備されたのが、前島埠頭である。
Initially, the ferry arrived at and departed from Maizuru-Nishi Port (Maizuru West Port); Maejima Wharf was constructed in Maizuru-Higashi Port (Maizuru East Port) in 1990 as a core wharf for domestic trade and to cope with increased transportation occurring in Maizuru-Nishi Port.

プロジェクトの複雑さとコミュニケーションコストは、開発者数の 2 乗で増大するのに対し、終わる作業は直線的にしか増加しないというのがかれの議論だった。
As we've seen previously, he argued that the complexity and communication costs of a project rise with the square of the number of developers, while work done only rises linearly.

さらに、戦国時代 (日本) に入り全国の金山および銀山の産出が増大するにつれ、山師の持ち込む金銀地金の精錬、鑑定および売買を行う金屋および銀屋も現れた。
As production of gold and silver increased in gold and silver mines across Japan in the (Japanese) Sengoku period, there emerged 'kinya' (gold dealers) and 'ginya' (silver dealers) who refined, appraised and traded in gold and silver bullions brought in by speculators.

基本的に室町幕府もこの制度を引き継いだが、次第に右筆の中から奉行人に任じられて発言力を増大させて、奉行衆（右筆方）と呼ばれる集団を構成するようになった。
The Muromachi bakufu basically took over the system, and some people worked as Yuhitsu were appointed to be Bugyonin (a magistrate) increasing their influences in the government and formed a group called Bugyoshu or Yuhitsukata.

これに先立ち、戦後の復興と共に鉄道及び道路輸送の需要が増大すると、当時の日本における最重要幹線であった東海道本線の貨客輸送能力は、ほぼ限界に達していた。
Before Shinkansen was constructed, when demands for transportation through railway lines and roads increased corresponding to domestic restoration in the post-war era, both capacities of transporting passengers and of transporting cargo on the Tokaido main line, the most important trunk line in Japan at that time, almost reached their limits.

戦後、阪神工業地帯などでの工場・事業所の新設や拡張などで、製造業生産高が増大していくが、東京一極集中による東京への本社や事業所の移転はその後も継続している。
After the war, manufacturing output was increased by new construction or expansion projects of factories and business establishments in the Hanshin Industrial Zone; however, because of unipolar concentration of Tokyo, headquarters and business establishments have continued to move to Tokyo thereafter.

その後、荘園の更なる増大で税収が減り、上級貴族に俸給を払えなくなった朝廷は、彼らに知行国として国を与え、その国に関する国司の任命権と税収を上級貴族に与えた。
After that, the imperial court, who were no longer able to pay the salaries of the high-level aristocrats due to decreased tax revenues because of the growing number of shoen, gave territories as Chigyo koku (proprietary provinces), as well as the patronage of the Kokushi and tax revenues regarding the province, to the high-level aristocrats.

義教以後も幕府内部における奉行衆の発言力は増大して、足利義政の頃には評定衆などの既存の幕府制度上の役職に代わって、事実上の幕府最高諮問機関を構成することになる。
Even after the Yoshinori Era, the Bugyoshu increased its influence within the bakufu, and while Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA was the shogun, for all practical purposes the Bugyoshu constituted the virtually supreme advisory board of the bakufu in place of existing official posts such as the Hyojoshu.

根拠は、仲麻呂の権力と、造東大寺司の官人の異動をリンクさせて考えると、仲麻呂が権力を増大させていく過程と、雄足の抜擢とが相関関係を持って見えるというものである。
This is because there are correlations between process of an increase of Nakamaro's power and Otari's exceptional promotion, when we think about Nakamaro's power and personnel relocation of government official of Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction together.

加えて、室町時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけて熊野山領の荘園の状況の変化は、熊野三山検校やその下におかれた三山奉行の熊野三山に対する影響力を増大させる方向に働いた。
In addition, the changes in the conditions surrounding private mountain estates in Kumano which took place during the time from the Muromachi Period to the Sengoku period (period of warring states) in Japan helped Kumano Sanzan Kengyo and Sanzan Bugyo which was placed under Kumano Sanzan Kengyo to increase the power over Kumano Sanzan.

ここで水飴に牛乳を入れた工夫菓子によって好調となるが、私食などによって経営負担が増大したため再度移転、本郷湯島新花町に駄菓子屋を開くが、これもうまくはいかなかった。
Here, the shop prospered due to the original sweet which was made from mixing milk into millet jelly, but stress on the store management increased due to samples being consumed, and so the shop transferred again, this time to Hongo yushima shinhana cho, but this did not go over well either.

天保の改革によって特に好色画本が禁圧され、為永春水らが罪に問われるなど戯作者・版元に圧力が加えられると、人情本は衰退し、その穴を埋めるように合巻の刊行点数が増大した。
A crackdown on various forms of popular culture accompanying the Tenpo Reforms effectively silenced some writers and publishers, especially that produced koshokugabon (book of pornography), and served as an admonishment to others, such as an accusation against Sunshui TAMENAGA; as a result, ninjobon lost its vigor and creative force, and gokan (literally, bound-together volumes of illustrated books) appeared in numbers larger, to make up for that decline of ninjobon.

時忠の意図は、高倉没後に避けられなくなる後白河の政治力増大を食い止めると同時に、徳子の経済基盤を強化することで間接的に自らの発言力を保持することにあったと推測される。
It is inferred that Tokitada's intention was to prevent an increase in Goshirakawa's political influence that would become inevitable after Takakura's death and, at the same time, to indirectly maintain his own influence by consolidating an economic foundation of Tokuko.

何千種類もあったが、専売制の下でマスプロ化が進んだことと、紙巻きタバコの消費増大で需要が減ったことで数銘柄からさらには1銘柄に減り、ついには国内での製造が打ち切られた。
There were thousands varieties, but the number of brands were reduced to one because of the mass production promoted under the monopoly and decrease in demand caused by increase in cigarette consumption, and finally the domestic production was stopped.

この年齢的な変化とサンフランシスコのベイエリアにおける各種のアニメ関連活動の興隆に伴って、インターネット――特にUsenet――の利用がアニメファンの間で劇的に増大した。
Owing in part to the demographic shift and the rise of many anime-related activities in the San Francisco Bay area, Internet-particularly Usenet-usage rose dramatically among anime fans.

人口の増大は、江戸を東日本における大消費地とし、東日本各地の農村と結ばれた大市場、経済的先進地方である上方（近畿地方）と関東地方を結ぶ中継市場として、経済的な重要性も増した。
Population growth in Edo turned the city into the consumption center of eastern japan, and faciliated its rise to economic prominence as a significant market that linked the farming villages of various regions of eastern Japan, and a hub market that linked the economically advanced Kamigata (Kinki region) and Kanto regions.

しかし、昭和恐慌から日中戦争を経て太平洋戦争へと続く時代の流れの中で、軍事費増大による大学予算の削減から大学の収入源確保を求められたことや、国策遂行のために協力を求められた。
However, in the era from the Showa Depression to the Sino-Japanese War and to the Pacific War, securing income sources for operating the university was requested because budget for the university was reduced due to an increase in military spending, and cooperation by the university was also requested to pursue national policies.

平安時代中期に入ると、太政官牒・院庁牒は請印が不要な官宣旨・院宣にその役目を取って代わられる一方で、蔵人所・検非違使庁をはじめとした令外官の増大で牒そのものの発給は増大した。
In the mid Heian period, daiokancho and innochocho were replaced by Kan senji (an edict from Daijokan [Grand Council of State] which had the status of a binding official document) and Inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) which did not require shoin (a ceremony to seal documents issued by the government) while the number of cho issued increased due to an increase in number of Ryoge no kan in agencies such as Kurodo dokoro (the Office of Imperial Household Logistics) and Kebiishicho (Office of Police and Judicial Chief).

元来は菅原氏当主の書斎であった山陰亭で講義が行われていたが、生徒の増大につれて廊下（寝殿造の中門廊）で講義が行われたことから、菅家廊下（かんけろうか）と呼ばれて後世に知られた。
Originally, the lecture was given in Sanin-tei, a study of the head of the Sugawara clan, but as the number of students increased, the lecture began to take place in the hallway (chumonro - covered entrance arcade) of Shinden-zukuri style - architecture representative of a nobleman's residence during the Heian period) -- That was why the lecture was called Kanke Roka (the hallway of Sugawara's house) and remembered in later ages.

しかしながら、1907年以降の日本の帝政ロシアへの再接近（日露協約）、および満州への経済投資の増大によって、協定は中国での日本の覇権に対するアメリカの影響力の弱体化に帰着した。
However, the agreement weaked the United States influence in China over Japanese dominance through Japanese approach to the Russian Empire after the Russo-Japanese Agreement in 1907 and increasing economic investment in Manchuria,

流通が大幅に増大すると、つまりファンたちがますますインターネットへのアクセスを手に入れて、他にいろいろタイトルがあることを知るようになるにつれて、流通への要望は爆発的に増えた。
When distribution started to really ramp up, i.e., when fans started getting Internet access in increasing numbers and started becoming aware that additional titles were available, distribution demands 'exploded.'

足尾銅山による鉱毒被害が増大すると、衆議院議員田中正造の主導の下、1896年10月4日、群馬県邑楽郡渡瀬村 (群馬県)（現館林市）にある雲龍寺に、栃木・群馬両県鉱毒事務所がおかれた。
As the mining pollution damage caused by the Ashio copper mine became serious, Shozo TANAKA, a member of the House of Representatives, set up a mining damage office for both Ibaragi and Gunma Prefecture on October 4, 1896 at Unryu-ji Temple in Watase Village, Oura County, Gunma Prefecture (the present Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture.)

また勅命の成功によってそれまで政治的発言を封じられていた少壮公卿もまた発言力を増大させ、中川宮朝彦親王・二条斉敬ら公武合体派と三条実美・姉小路公知はじめとする尊攘派公家が激しく対立。
The success of the imperial orders caused the young and vigorous court nobles, who had been prohibited from voicing their political opinions, to increase their influence and the group of Kobu gattai led by Imperial prince Nakagawa no miya Asahiko and the group of sonno joi court nobles led by Sanetomi SANJO and Kintomo ANEGAKOJI fiercely confronted.

当時勢力を拡大していた蘇我氏にとって、蘇我稲目の孫にあたる炊屋姫から生まれた竹田皇子が即位すると蘇我氏の権勢を増大させるのに有利に運ぶ事から早くから皇位継承の有力候補と目されていた。
Since the enthronement of Takeda no miko, the son of Kashiyaki hime, a granddaughter of SOGA no Iname, benefited the Soga clan who was expanding its influence at the time to grow even bigger, the prince had been considered as a prominent candidate from his early stage.

しかし、その発言力の増大が幕府側の疑心を招き、日野義資が義教により暗殺されて一時没落しかけるが、日野富子は8代将軍足利義政に嫁ぐと、富子の兄の日野勝光も再び政治的影響力を持っていた。
However, the increase in the House of Hino's influence caused suspicion on the shogunate side, whereby the assassination of Yoshisuke HINO by Yoshinori led to the temporary ruin of the Hino Family, but once Tomiko Hino got married to the eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Katsumitsu HINO, Tomiko's elder brother, regained his political influence.

権力は減退することなく増進する一方なので、この悪影響に道徳的説得という強力な障壁をめぐらさないかぎり、現在の世界の状況では、悪影響がますます増大するのを見ると思わざるをえないのです。
and as the power is not declining, but growing, unless a strong barrier of moral conviction can be raised against the mischief, we must expect, in the present circumstances of the world, to see it increase.15

さらに家斉自身も宿老がいなくなったのをいいことに奢侈な生活を送るようになり、これに度重なる外国船対策として海防費支出が増大したため、幕府財政の破綻・幕政の腐敗・綱紀の乱れなどが横行した。
Taking advantage of the absence of shukuro (senior vassals), Ienari began to indulge in extravagance which, compounded by the increased expenditures for coastal defenses against the threat of foreign ships, set off the collapse of bakufu finances, corruption within the administration, and the deterioration of public morals.

荘園の増大は摂関家などの有力貴族や彼らに保護された寺社などに莫大な収入をもたらす一方、国司等による税の徴収が不可能（すなわち公領の減少）となってしまうために国家財政に深刻な打撃を与えていた。
An increase in the number of manors brought enormous income to powerful nobles such as sekkan-ke (regent family), as well as temples and shrines under their protection, but on the other hand, tax collection by kokushi (provincial governors) became impossible (in other words, imperial demesne decreased), causing serious harm to national finance.

次第に一乗院・大乗院などといった有力な門跡が自己の発言力の増大のために国内の武士や名主などを御家人などと称して自己の衆徒に組み入れ、自院の学侶に率いさせて寺内や奈良の町の検断などに従事させた。
Gradually the influential monzeki (temple formerly led by the founder of the sect, or the temple in which resided a member of nobility or the Imperial Family), such as Ichijoin Temple and Daijoin Temple, incorporated warriors and myoshu (owners of rice fields) as gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods) in order to strengthen their influence, and put them in charge of duties such as trials in the temple and the city of Nara lead by Gakuryo.

天正10年（1582年）2月1日、新府城築城のため更に賦役が増大していたことに不満を募らせた義昌はついに勝頼を裏切り、織田信忠（信長の長男）に弟の上松義豊を人質として差し出し、織田氏に寝返った。
On February 1, 1582, Yoshimasa, who was displeased with Katsuyori's policy to effectuate another increase in forced labor for the construction of Shinpu-jo Castle, finally betrayed Katsuyori and defected to the Oda clan by sending his younger brother, Yoshitoyo UEMATSU, to Nobutada ODA (Nobunaga's eldest son) as a hostage.

しかし、文治的だった義隆政権を否定して軍事力強化に走った義長・晴賢連合の新政権は、大内家支配下にあった国人や諸大名への賦役を増大させたために、かえって反発を受けるなど領国統治に不安を抱えていた。
However, since the new government of Yoshinaga-Harukata alliance which tried to enhance the military forces while denying the civilian Yoshitaka government increased slave labor to local lords and territorial lords under the rule of the Ouchi family, and it was rather resisted and experienced unsteadiness in ruling territory.

この法律において「持続的な養殖生産の確保」とは、養殖漁場を良好な状態に維持し、又はその改善を図り、あわせて特定疾病のまん延を防止し、長期的に安定した養殖生産の維持又は増大を可能とすることをいう。
In this Act, 'assurance of sustainable aquaculture production' refers to maintaining each aquaculture area in good condition or improving the aquaculture area, and also to preventing the spread of specified diseases, to allow long-term stable aquaculture production to be maintained or increased.

また、新羅の入寇・高麗の賊・刀伊の入寇・元寇・応永の外寇・白村江の戦いなど外国との戦争もあったが、これらも領土を取ったり取られたりしなかったので、特に大和民族の影響力を増大・減少させるものではなかった。
There were battles against foreign countries, such as the Silla invasion, soldiers of Goryeo, the Toi invasion, Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, the foreign invasion in the Oei Era and the Battle of Hakusukinoe; however, those battles also had no effect on the Yamato race's influence because in those battles they neither occupied Yamato territories nor were their territories occupied.

戦国時代中期から城の数は飛躍的に増大し、平地に臨む丘陵に築いた平山城（ひらやまじろ）や平地そのものに築いた平城（ひらじろ）が主流となり、防御には優れるが政治的支配の拠点としては不向きであった山城は数が減っていく。
The number of castles increased greatly from the middle of the Sengoku period, hirayamajiro (castles built on a hill or low mountain surrounded by a plain) or hirajiro (a castle built on flatland) became dominant, and mountain castles decreased because they were useful for defense, but not appropriate as a base for political power.

国民に対する食料の安定的な供給については、世界の食料の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、国内の農業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入及び備蓄とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
In consideration of the fact that the world's food supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, stable food supply to the citizens shall be secured by increased domestic agricultural production as a base together with appropriate combination of import and reserve.

しかし、1170年以降、マネーサプライの増大とそれがもたらしたインフレーションの結果、貴族たちは、賃貸していた土地や財産を取り戻すとともに、文字どおり減退してしまった現金支払の固定価値と同等の労役を再び課していった。
However, after 1170, money supply increased and thus inflation happened and as a result, the aristocrats came to impose the same labor service as the fixed value of paying cash which was literally diminished as well as regaining the leased lands and assets.

これは本来は九州地方固有の神を祀った神社であったとも言われている宇佐八幡宮の社会的影響力の増大が、皇室と律令制・鎮護国家が形成する皇室祭祀と仏教を基軸とする宗教的秩序に対する脅威になる事を危惧したからだと言われている。
This is said to have occurred because the government was afraid that the social influence of Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine, which was said to be a shrine that originally worshipped a local god of Kyushu region, grew so much that it would become a threat to the religious order centered on the Imperial family, Imperial household religious rites formed by the Ritsuryo system and the nation protection thought, and Buddhism.

けれども、アカイア人とアエトリア人が功績あったといって、その勢力を増大させることを許容してもらえることはありませんでしたし、ピリッポスを一度叩きつぶしてからでないと、彼の求めに応じて友好関係を結ぶことはありませんでした。
yet the merits of the Achaeans and Aetolians never secured for them permission to increase their power, nor did the persuasions of Philip ever induce the Romans to be his friends without first humbling him,

日露戦争では参謀総長として日本を勝利に導いたこと（ただし明治天皇は、山縣より桂を信頼しており、山縣の頭越しに桂へ諮詢することもあった）、伊藤博文が暗殺されたことにより、明治末期から大正初期にかけては山縣の発言力は増大した。
From the end of the Meiji period to the beginning of the Taisho period, he increasingly became influential since he, as the chief of the General Staff, had led Japan to victory in the Russo-Japanese War (note, however, that Emperor Meiji trusted Katsura more than Yamagata, and he sometimes asked Katsura for advice in disregard of Yamagata) and because Hirofumi ITO had been assassinated.

この法律において「職業指導」とは、職業に就こうとする者に対し、実習、講習、指示、助言、情報の提供その他の方法により、その者の能力に適合する職業の選択を容易にさせ、及びその職業に対する適応性を増大させるために行う指導をいう。
The term "vocational guidance" as used in this Act means guidance provided to those persons seeking to obtain jobs so as to facilitate choice of jobs compatible with their capabilities and to increase their adaptability to those jobs through practical training, courses, instructions, advice, the provision of information and other methods.

漁場に定着する工作物を設置して漁業権の価値を増大せしめた漁業権者は、その漁業権が消滅したときは、当該工作物の利用によつて利益を受ける漁業の免許を受けた者に対し、時価をもつて当該工作物を買い取るべきことを請求することができる。
The fishery right holder who installed a structure fixed to the fishing ground for increasing the value of the fishery right may request the person who is granted the license of the fishery and benefited from the use of said structure should purchase said structure at the current value, when the fishery right becomes extinct.

世界で起こっているあらゆる変化は、社会を強めて個人の力を弱めようとする傾向にあるので、こういう個人の力の侵害は、自然に消える傾向にある害悪の一つではなく、逆に、ますます手に負えないものへと増大していく害悪となっているのです。
and as the tendency of all the changes taking place in the world is to strengthen society, and diminish the power of the individual, this encroachment is not one of the evils which tend spontaneously to disappear, but, on the contrary, to grow more and more formidable.

化石燃料への依存性を減らす必要性が広く認識され、エネルギー資源への世界的な圧力が増大する今、長期のエネルギーの大型供給のための一つのオプションとして核融合を位置付けるために、核融合エネルギー開発を次の段階に進める時機が熟した。
At a time of increasing global pressure on energy resources and global environmental concerns, the time is ripe to undertake the next step in the development of fusion energy. This will establish fusion as an option for large scale energy supply with intrinsic safety and environmental benefits in the long term.

ロシアの影響力の増大を警戒するドイツ帝国の宰相オットー・フォン・ビスマルクは列強の代表を集めてベルリン会議 (1878年)を主催し、露土戦争の講和条約であるサン・ステファノ条約の破棄とベルリン条約 (1878年)の締結に成功した。
Alarmed by the increasing influence of Russia, Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of the German Empire hosted the Congress of Berlin (1878) and succeeded in gathering the representatives of the great powers to denounce the Treaty of San Stefano, the peace treaty of the Russo-Turkish Wars and conclude the Treaty of Berlin (1878).

この法律は、外国人がわが国の港その他の水域を使用して行なう漁業活動の増大によりわが国漁業の正常な秩序の維持に支障を生ずるおそれがある事態に対処して、外国人が漁業に関してする当該水域の使用の規制について必要な措置を定めるものとする。
Purpose of this Act is to provide necessary measures, in view of increased fishing operations by foreign nationals using Japanese ports and waters may have a risk of harm in maintaining normal order of Japanese fisheries, for regulating fishing operation by foreign nationals to deal with the said situation

一方で、不平等条約上、有利な側にある国の国民が、不利な側にある国で犯罪を犯した際に、その国の裁判所にて裁くことができない状態となるため、治安問題が増大するという問題や、関税率の操作で貿易において不当に利益をあげ得る、などの問題がある。
Meanwhile, there are some problems such as security matters are increased, or the people can gain unreasonable profits in trade due to manipulation of tariff rates, since the people of a country standing in a favorable position under the unequal treaty cannot be put on trial in the court of a country in an unfavorable position when the people have committed a crime in the latter country.

政府は、被保険者、被保険者であつた者及び被保険者になろうとする者（以下この章において「被保険者等」という。）に関し、失業の予防、雇用状態の是正、雇用機会の増大その他雇用の安定を図るため、雇用安定事業として、次の事業を行うことができる。
The government may undertake the following services with regard to insured persons and those who were or are intending to become insured persons (hereinafter referred to as "insured persons, etc." in this Chapter), as services for the stabilization of employment, with a view to preventing unemployment, redressing the employment situation, increasing employment opportunities and otherwise stabilizing employment:

10年後の寛永13年（1636年）、足尾銅山などからの銅の産出が増大したことを受け、幕府が本格的に寛永通寳の鋳造を司ることになり、このとき設置された銭座は江戸浅草橋場、芝 (東京都港区)網縄手および近江国坂本 (大津市)の3座であった。
Ten years after, in 1636, it was decided that the bakufu carried on a full-scale operation of mintage of Kanei Tsuho as a result of an increase in production of copper from copper mines including Ashio Copper Mine, and three zeniza were established; Hashiba in Asakusa, Edo, Tsuna-nawate in Shiba (Minato Ward, Tokyo) and Sakamoto in Omi Province (Otsu City).

その後清朝はこの支払いを履行したが、ばくだいな拠出はその後の改革（光緒新政）の施策を限定せざるを得ないこととなり、かつ侵略を防ぐためとして投資対象が軍備優先となったために、北洋軍閥の総帥である袁世凱の権勢をさらに増大させることとなった。
In later years the Qing Dynasty implemented the payment, however, the enormous outlay limited the measures of subsequent reforms (the Hundred Days of Reform) and, in addition, more investiment on arms buildup in order to prevent invasion, led to the increased power of Yuan ShiKai, the commander of the Beiyang army.

専売制度の対象となったのは阿片、タバコ（参照台湾総督府専売局松山煙草工場）、樟脳、アルコール、塩及び度量衡であり、専売政策は総督府の歳入の増大以外に、これらの産業の過当競争を防ぎ、また対象品目の輸入規制を行うことで台湾内部での自給自足を実現した。
The monopoly system applied to opium, tobacco (refer to the section of Songshan Tobacco Factory established by Taiwan Sotoku-fu Monopoly Bureau), camphor, alcohol, salt and weights and measurement, and the monopoly policy contributed to an increase of the revenue as well as the realization of self sufficiency in Taiwan by preventing excessive competition in the field of each item and controlling the imports of these items.

国民に対する水産物の安定的な供給については、世界の水産物の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、水産資源の持続的な利用を確保しつつ、我が国の漁業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
Stable supply of marine products to the citizens shall, in view of the world's marine products supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, be secured, while maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resources, by increased domestic fishery production as a base in an appropriate combination with import.

表高は江戸幕府公認の検地によって算定された石高だが、実際の藩内では17世紀に進んだ新田開発や、農業技術（農機具・肥料等）の革新による生産力の増大に基づいた藩内検地、専売制による特産品の税高改定などによって、多くの藩では内高は表高を上回って増大していた。
Omote-daka was calculated based on the land survey officially recognized by the Edo bakufu; however, in many domains the actual uchi-daka was higher than omote-daka and also increasing, thanks to the progress of development of new field in 17th century, the land survey within domains that was based on the increased productivity by innovation of agricultural technique (farming equipments, fertilizer), and tax reform by monopolization of indigenous products.

国は、森林の適正な整備及び保全を図るためには、森林所有者等が山村地域に生活することが重要であることにかんがみ、地域特産物の生産及び販売等を通じた産業の振興による就業機会の増大、生活環境の整備その他の山村地域における定住の促進に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
The State shall, in consideration of the importance of forest owners to live in mountain villages, take necessary measures for the promotion of the settlement of people in mountain villages such as increasing of job opportunities by promoting industries through production and distribution of local specialty products, and improving the living environment.

江戸時代には儒教や仏教などの外来思想に批判的な立場から古典や神道を研究する国学が盛んになると、神国思想もまた広く受け入れられるようになり、それが幕末の黒船来航などの外的圧力の増大とともに攘夷論へと発展し、尊王攘夷運動が展開されてやがて江戸幕府滅亡の原因となった。
In the Edo period, once the study of ancient Japanese thought, classics, and Shinto became popular under the view point of criticizing beliefs from overseas like Confucianism and Buddhism, the belief of Shinkoku was widely accepted, it developed the principle of excluding foreigners in the face of pressure from Western ships coming to Japan in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of the barbarians or foreigners) was established which caused of the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

彼はいつもより完成した複雑なものから、あまり完成されていない単純なものへと撤退し、それから完成していく諸段階を進みながら、微少な変化をしだいに増大し、こうしてあなたの感じる抵抗感をしだいに取り除いて、全体の絶妙な頂点は自然淘汰の成果かもしれないと認めるようにするのです。
He habitually retires from the more perfect and complex to the less perfect and simple, and carries you with him through stages of perfecting, adds increment to increment of infinitesimal change, and in this way gradually breaks down your reluctance to admit that the exquisite climax of the whole could be a result of natural selection.

その成立時期は上記「えぞ」の初見と近い13世紀と見られており、また擦文文化とアイヌ文化の生活体系の最も大きな違いは、日本からの移入品（特に鉄製品）の量的増大にあり、アイヌ文化は交易に大きく依存していたことから、アイヌ文化を生んだ契機に日本との交渉の増大があると考えられている。
It was probably established in the thirteenth century, when the word 'Ezo' can be seen for the first time as mentioned above; however, the greatest difference between the Satsumon culture and the Ainu culture was the increase in imported items (especially ironware), meaning that it should be seen that Ainu had increased negotiations with Japan when the Ainu culture was born, because the Ainu culture was very reliant on trade with Japan.

これは、ネットいじめ（祭り上げられる）といった悪意の迷惑行為、または社会に対する不安や批判などの発露であり、それに呼応したり尻馬に乗るなどの野次馬や、一過言を持つ人々がインターネット上の様々な場所で、意見や議論を拡散・増大させ、いわゆるネット上の「祭り」といわれる状態に更になっていく様をいう。
This is an act of malicious nuisance called Internet bulling (to be picked on), or an exposure of uncertainty over or criticism of the society, and also refers to a situation that an expansion and enlargement of opinions or discussions conducted in various Internet sites by routs who act in concert with it or follow it blindly, or people having own opinions, develop to the state called so-called 'matsuri' on the Internet.

保育の実施への需要が増大している市町村（厚生労働省令で定める要件に該当するものに限る。以下この条において「特定市町村」という。）は、保育の実施の事業及び主務省令で定める子育て支援事業その他児童の保育に関する事業であつて特定市町村が必要と認めるものの供給体制の確保に関する計画を定めるものとする。
A municipality facing an increasing demand for the Daycare Practice (limited to the municipalities falling under the requirements specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; referred to as a "Specified Municipality" hereinafter in this Article) shall formulate a plan to ensure the system for supplying the services for the Daycare Practice and the Child Care Support Services specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry and other services concerning daycare of children that are found necessary by the Specified Municipality.

高度情報通信ネットワーク社会の形成は、情報通信技術の活用による、地域経済の活性化、地域における魅力ある就業の機会の創出並びに地域内及び地域間の多様な交流の機会の増大による住民生活の充実及び利便性の向上を通じて、個性豊かで活力に満ちた地域社会の実現及び地域住民の福祉の向上に寄与するものでなければならない。
The formation of an advanced information and telecommunications network society shall contribute to creating unique and vital local communities and improving the welfare of the local residents by stimulating local economies, creating attractive local employment opportunities, increasing the variety of opportunities for exchange within and between communities with the use of information and telecommunications technologies to enrich lifestyles and increase convenience.

保育の実施への需要が増大している市町村は、公有財産（地方自治法第二百三十八条第一項に規定する公有財産をいう。）の貸付けその他の必要な措置を積極的に講ずることにより、社会福祉法人その他の多様な事業者の能力を活用した保育所の設置又は運営を促進し、保育の実施に係る供給を効率的かつ計画的に増大させるものとする。
By positively leasing or lending public property (which shall mean the public property provided in Article 238 paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act) or taking other necessary measures, a municipality facing an increasing demand for the Daycare Practice shall promote establishment or operation of nursery centers by utilizing the abilities of social welfare corporations and other various business operators and shall thereby increase supply pertaining to the Daycare Practice efficiently and systematically.

国は、山間地及びその周辺の地域その他の地勢等の地理的条件が悪く、農業の生産条件が不利な地域（以下「中山間地域等」という。）において、その地域の特性に応じて、新規の作物の導入、地域特産物の生産及び販売等を通じた農業その他の産業の振興による就業機会の増大、生活環境の整備による定住の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
The State shall take necessary measures, for the areas with poor geographical conditions and disadvantages to agricultural production including mountainous areas and their surrounding areas (hereinafter referred to as 'hilly and mountainous areas'), such as increasing job opportunities by promoting agriculture and other industries through introduction of new crops and production and distribution of local specialty products, taking such regional characteristics into consideration and promoting the settlement of the people through improved living environment.

雇用機会を増大させる必要がある地域への事業所の移転により新たに労働者を雇い入れる事業主、季節的に失業する者が多数居住する地域においてこれらの者を年間を通じて雇用する事業主その他雇用に関する状況を改善する必要がある地域における労働者の雇用の安定を図るために必要な措置を講ずる事業主に対して、必要な助成及び援助を行うこと。
Providing necessary aid and assistance to business operators who newly employ workers through relocating their places of business to areas where there is a need for increased employment opportunities, business operators who employ, throughout the year, persons who become unemployed on a seasonal basis in areas where many such persons reside, or business operators who take other measures necessary for stabilizing worker employment in areas where improvement in the conditions relating to employment is necessary;

高度情報通信ネットワーク社会の形成は、電子商取引その他の高度情報通信ネットワークを利用した経済活動（以下「電子商取引等」という。）の促進、中小企業者その他の事業者の経営の能率及び生産性の向上、新たな事業の創出並びに就業の機会の増大をもたらし、もって経済構造改革の推進及び産業の国際競争力の強化に寄与するものでなければならない。
The formation of an advanced information and telecommunications network society shall encourage electronic commerce and other economic activities that depend on advanced information and telecommunications networks (hereinafter referred to as 'electronic commerce, etc.'), improvement in the management efficiency and productivity of small and medium enterprise operators and other business operators, creation of new businesses and increased employment opportunities, thereby facilitating economic structural reforms and reinforcing international industrial competitiveness.

もともと公武合体派とはいっても、天皇のもとに賢侯を集めての中央集権をめざす薩摩の思惑と将軍中心の中央集権をめざす幕府の思惑は違っていたが、薩英戦争で活躍した旧精忠組の発言力の増大と守旧派の失脚を背景に、薩摩流の公武周旋をやり直そうとした久光にとっては、京大坂での薩摩藩の世評の悪化と公武周旋に動く人材の不足が最大の問題であった。
It was even called the supporter of the coalition of court nobles and Samurai originally, but it was different from the thought of Satsuma which centralized power by gathering sages to the Emperor, and Hidemitsu, who tried to reorganize the procurement of court nobles and Samurai in the style of Satsuma used as background the increasingly influential voice of the former Seichu-gumi organization, which worked well at the Satsuei War and during the downfall of the old-guard cronies, but the biggest problems were the bad reputation of Satsuma domain, and being short of people who could work to procure court nobles and Samurai.

元禄から宝永にかけての小判および丁銀の改鋳以降、品位が低下し通貨量が増大した金銀貨に対し銭相場が高騰し、また別子銅山からの銅の産出が増大したことを受け、元禄13年（1700年）3月から宝永5年（1708年）1月にかけては京都糸割符人により七条に銭座が設けられ、薄肉小型の寛永通寳が鋳造され、同年の2月からは宝永通宝が鋳造された。
Because the value of copper coins rose against that of gold and silver coins, whose quality level had decreased and whose circulation had increased since the remintage of koban (oval gold coin) and Chogin (collective term for silver), and also because Besshidozan Copper Mine started to produce more copper, zeniza was established in Shichijo by members of itowappu nakama (the thread tally union) in Kyoto from April 1700 to January 1708 to mint a thin and small type of Kanei Tsuho, and Hoei Tsuho after February 1708.

こうして神学者たちは、ニュートンが啓示の問題を扱っているという考えに慰めと安心を見出してきたのですが、彼が人生で一番脂ののりきった時期にまるで異った種類の考えにその力を注いだことで、神学的で歴史的な問題を扱うには当然資格を失しなったのはもちろん、それを扱う能力を増大させるどころから小さくさせる傾向にあることを彼らは忘れているのです。
Thus theologians have found comfort and assurance in the thought that Newton dealt with the question of revelation, forgetful of the fact that the very devotion of his powers, through all the best years of his life, to a totally different class of ideas, not to speak of any natural disqualification, tended to render him less instead of more competent to deal with theological and historic questions.

お化けには、大化けという表現があるように、総じて大きさや効果が増大する現象をいう場合が多いが、日本の民間信仰でもある古神道も、同様の価値観があり、大きいものほど宿る神霊の位が高いとする価値観があり、巨木や巨石を信仰するものとして、神籬（ひもろぎ）・磐座（いわくら）があり、大きく成長した木または、通常より大きい岩に神が宿る（化ける）とされる。
大化け (obake: big changing in the literal meaning): it's often the case that obake generally means phenomena whose size and effect have increased; Ancient Shinto, which is connected with Japanese folk belief, has a concept of value by which it is thought that the higher ranking divine spirits reside in bigger things, such as himorogi (temporarily erected sacred space or 'altar' used as a locus of worship) and iwakura (dwelling place of a god, usually in reference to a large rock): a tree which has grown to a greater extent than others or a rock which is larger than others can be a house of (bakeru [change to]) the divine spirit.

だが、銅銭を多く保有して多額の取引を行う大商人には実質上の資産価値の増大に繋がる一方、短陌を外してしまうと銅銭本来の公定価値に戻ってしまう（宋代の公定価値を元にすると、短陌を外した銅銭を全て合わせても77枚分の価値しか有しないために、23枚分の損となる）ために、日常生活において小額の取引がほとんどである庶民にとっては大変不利な制度でもあった。
However, while it led to the increase in property value of merchant princes who owned a lot of copper coins and carried out trading, it was a very unfavorable system for ordinary people whose trading was mostly with a small amount of money in daily life because if tanhaku wasn't adopted, the value returned to the primary official value of the copper coin (if it was calculated based on the official value in the age of Sung, the total value of coppers without tanhaku would be just the value of 77 coins, thus it resulted in a loss of 23 coins).

しかし、人間は良き神によって創られたと信じるのが宗教の一部であるなら、この神があらゆる人間の能力を授けたのは、それを育んで発展させるためであって、根絶やしにし消耗するためではないということ、そして神はその被造物が自分の内に組込まれている理想的な概念へ一歩づつ近づくごとに、また理解し行動し享楽する能力をなにがしか増大させるごとに、お喜びになるということを信じるのは、その信仰とより首尾一貫したことなのです。
But if it be any part of religion to believe that man was made by a good Being, it is more consistent with that faith to believe, that this Being gave all human faculties that they might be cultivated and unfolded, not rooted out and consumed, and that he takes delight in every nearer approach made by his creatures to the ideal conception embodied in them, every increase in any of their capabilities of comprehension, of action, or of enjoyment.

保育の実施への需要が増大している都道府県（厚生労働省令で定める要件に該当するものに限る。以下この条において「特定都道府県」という。）は、市町村保育計画の達成その他の市町村における保育の実施の事業及び主務省令で定める子育て支援事業その他児童の保育に関する事業であつて特定都道府県が必要と認めるものの供給体制の確保に資するため、各市町村を通ずる広域的な見地から、当該供給体制の確保に関する計画を定めるものとする。
In order to contribute to achieving the Municipal Daycare Plans and ensuring the system for supplying the Daycare Practice and the Child Care Support Services specified by an ordinance of the competent ministry and such other services concerning daycare of children that the specified prefecture (as defined below) finds necessary in the municipalities other than specified municipalities, the prefecture facing an increasing demand for the Daycare Practice (limited to the prefectures falling under the requirements specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; referred to as a "Specified Prefecture" hereinafter in this Article) shall formulate a plan to ensure said supply system from a cross-regional standpoint across the respective municipalities.

雇用保険は、労働者が失業した場合及び労働者について雇用の継続が困難となる事由が生じた場合に必要な給付を行うほか、労働者が自ら職業に関する教育訓練を受けた場合に必要な給付を行うことにより、労働者の生活及び雇用の安定を図るとともに、求職活動を容易にする等その就職を促進し、あわせて、労働者の職業の安定に資するため、失業の予防、雇用状態の是正及び雇用機会の増大、労働者の能力の開発及び向上その他労働者の福祉の増進を図ることを目的とする。
The purpose of the Employment Insurance is to stabilize the standard of living and employment of workers by providing necessary benefits for workers who are unemployed, who are having trouble continuing employment or who are receiving job-related training, and to facilitate their job-seeking activities, as well as to prevent unemployment, redress the employment situation, increase employment opportunities, develop and improve the capacity of workers, and promote their welfare, so as to contribute to their employment security.

知的財産の創造、保護及び活用に関する施策の推進は、創造性のある研究及び開発の成果の円滑な企業化を図り、知的財産を基軸とする新たな事業分野の開拓並びに経営の革新及び創業を促進することにより、我が国産業の技術力の強化及び活力の再生、地域における経済の活性化、並びに就業機会の増大をもたらし、もって我が国産業の国際競争力の強化及び内外の経済的環境の変化に的確に対応した我が国産業の持続的な発展に寄与するものとなることを旨として、行われなければならない。
Measures for the creation, protection and exploitation of intellectual property shall be promoted with the objective of achieving an intensification of the technical capabilities of Japanese industry and the revitalization of the industry, the activation of the local economy, and an increase in job opportunities, thereby contributing to the intensification of the international competitiveness of Japanese industry and a sustainable development of Japanese industry that precisely responds to the changes in the economic environment at home and abroad, through encouraging smooth transfer of the results of creative Research and Development into commercial use and promoting the development of new business fields, management innovation and business startups, all of which are based on intellectual property.

この法律は、我が国における少子高齢化の進展、就業構造の変化等の社会経済情勢の変化に伴い、短時間労働者の果たす役割の重要性が増大していることにかんがみ、短時間労働者について、その適正な労働条件の確保、雇用管理の改善、通常の労働者への転換の推進、職業能力の開発及び向上等に関する措置等を講ずることにより、通常の労働者との均衡のとれた待遇の確保等を図ることを通じて短時間労働者がその有する能力を有効に発揮することができるようにし、もってその福祉の増進を図り、あわせて経済及び社会の発展に寄与することを目的とする。
The purpose of this Act is to enable Part-Time Workers to effectively exercise their abilities through ensuring, etc. of their treatment balanced with that of ordinary workers, and thereby enhance welfare of the Part-Time Workers and contribute to economic and social development, by means of taking such measures as those concerning ensuring of proper working conditions for Part-Time Workers, improvement of employment management for them, promotion of their transformation to ordinary workers, development and improvement, etc. of vocational abilities, in view of the fact that the importance of roles played by Part-Time Workers is increasing with such socioeconomic changes in Japan as the progress of aging population combined with low birthrates and change in employment structures.

労働者がその職業生活の全期間を通じてその有する能力を有効に発揮できるようにすることが、職業の安定及び労働者の地位の向上のために不可欠であるとともに、経済及び社会の発展の基礎をなすものであることにかんがみ、この法律の規定による職業能力の開発及び向上の促進は、産業構造の変化、技術の進歩その他の経済的環境の変化による業務の内容の変化に対する労働者の適応性を増大させ、及び転職に当たつての円滑な再就職に資するよう、労働者の職業生活設計に配慮しつつ、その職業生活の全期間を通じて段階的かつ体系的に行われることを基本理念とする。
In view of the fact that having workers exercise their abilities effectively throughout the entire period of their vocational lives is indispensable for their security of employment and an improvement of their status and will constitute a basis for the development of the economy and society as a whole, the development and improvement of human resources pursuant to the provisions of this Act shall, as a basic principle, be carried out systematically by stages throughout the entire period of workers' vocational lives, while giving due consideration to their vocational life planning, so as to make them more adaptive to changes in their duties caused by changes in industrial structures, advances in technology, and other changes in the economic environment, and to contribute to their smooth reemployment in the case of job transfers.

この法律は、内外の社会経済情勢の変化に伴い、我が国産業の国際競争力の強化を図ることの必要性が増大している状況にかんがみ、新たな知的財産の創造及びその効果的な活用による付加価値の創出を基軸とする活力ある経済社会を実現するため、知的財産の創造、保護及び活用に関し、基本理念及びその実現を図るために基本となる事項を定め、国、地方公共団体、大学等及び事業者の責務を明らかにし、並びに知的財産の創造、保護及び活用に関する推進計画の作成について定めるとともに、知的財産戦略本部を設置することにより、知的財産の創造、保護及び活用に関する施策を集中的かつ計画的に推進することを目的とする。
The purpose of this Act is, for the objective of realizing a dynamic economy and society that is based on the creation of added values through the creation of new intellectual property and effective exploitation of such intellectual property in light of a growing necessity for intensifying the international competitiveness of Japanese industry in response to the changes in the social and economic situations at home and abroad, to promote measures for the creation, protection and exploitation of intellectual property in a focused and systematic manner by stipulating the basic principles on the creation, protection and exploitation of intellectual property and the basic matters to achieve the principles, clarifying the responsibilities of national government, local governments, universities, etc. and business operators, establishing the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters, and providing stipulations on the development of a strategic program on the creation, protection and exploitation of intellectual property.

ものづくり基盤技術は、我が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を支えることにより、生産の拡大、貿易の振興、新産業の創出、雇用の増大等国民経済のあらゆる領域にわたりその発展に寄与するとともに、国民生活の向上に貢献してきた。また、ものづくり基盤技術に係る業務に従事する労働者は、このようなものづくり基盤技術の担い手として、その水準の維持及び向上のために重要な役割を果たしてきた。我らは、このようなものづくり基盤技術及びこれに係る業務に従事する労働者の果たす経済的社会的役割が、国の存立基盤を形成する重要な要素として、今後においても変わることのないことを確信する。しかるに、近時、就業構造の変化、海外の地域における工業化の進展等による競争条件の変化その他の経済の多様かつ構造的な変化による影響を受け、国内総生産に占める製造業の割合が低下し、その衰退が懸念されるとともに、ものづくり基盤技術の継承が困難になりつつある。このような事態に対処して、我が国の国民経済が国の基幹的な産業である製造業の発展を通じて今後とも健全に発展していくためには、ものづくり基盤技術に関する能力を尊重する社会的気運を醸成しつつ、ものづくり基盤技術の積極的な振興を図ることが不可欠である。ここに、ものづくり基盤技術の振興に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進するため、この法律を制定する。
By way of supporting the development of the manufacturing industry, which is Japan's fundamental industry, core manufacturing technology has contributed to the development of all areas of the national economy such as expansion of production, promotion of trade, creation of new industries, and increase in employment, and has contributed to improving the lives of the citizenry. In addition, workers engaged in operations pertaining to core manufacturing technology have played an important role in maintaining and improving the level of the technology in their capacity as supporters of such core manufacturing technology. We believe that the economic and social role of such core manufacturing technology and workers who engage in operations pertaining thereto will continue to be an important element in the foundation of the existence of the State in the future. Recently, however, due to changes in the employment structure, changes in competitive conditions resulting from factors like the progress of industrialization overseas, and other diverse and structural changes in the economy, the share of the manufacturing industry in Japan's gross domestic product has fallen, and concerns about a decline in the industry have grown, and the smooth succession of core manufacturing technology is becoming difficult. In order to deal with such a situation and to maintain the sound development of Japan's national economy through the development of the manufacturing industry, which is a fundamental to the State, that the active promotion of core manufacturing technology is indispensable, while a social tendency to respect abilities related to core manufacturing technology is enhanced. We hereby establish this Act so as to drive forward measures for the promotion of core manufacturing technology in a comprehensive and organized manner.