土地: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 土地
- plot of land
- soil
- Tochi
- Dochi
- estate
- ground
- climate
- place
- premise
- real estate
- land;
- 盛土地
- banked up land
- filled up land
- 土地柄
- local colour
- local color
- 土地鑑
- familiarity with the land
- locality or terrain (usually associated with knowing or feeling the locality)
- 出土地
- archeological site (archaeological)
- 土地勘
- familiarity with the land
- locality or terrain (usually associated with knowing or feeling the locality)
- 土地管轄
- territorial jurisdiction
- territorial competence
- ?venu
- 土地投機
- land speculation
- real-estate speculation
- speculation in land
- 土地投資
- land investment
- investment in land
- 土地収用
- land expropriation
- land acquisition
- land condemnation
- Eminent domain
- 土地利用
- land use
- eminent domain
- 土地税制
- land taxation system
- 土地改良
- land improvement
- soil modification
- land reclamation
- 土地価格
- land cost
- real-estate prices
- 土地分類
- land classification
- land-use-capability classes
- 土地分級
- land capability assessment
- 土地開発
- land development
- land reclamation
- 土地測量
- land survey
- land surveying
- 土地転がし
- land roll-over
- land rolling
- 土地流動化
- incentives to promote land transactions
- 土地買収費
- land purchasing prices
- 粘性土地盤
- cohesive soft clay ground
- cohesive soil ground
- 土地改良区
- LID
- land improvement district
- 土地改良法
- Land Improvement Act
- Land Improvement Law
- 土地収用法
- Eminent Domain Law
- Land Expropriation Law
- 土地所有権
- land ownership
- landownership
- 土地情報課
- Land Information Division
- 土地の立入
- Entry
- Entry into Land
- 土地家屋調査
- land and house investigation
- 土地の所有者
- landowner
- owner of land
- owner of the land
- a landowner
- 土地利用区分
- land use classification
- land use division
- 土地の買収費
- land purchasing prices
- 猫額大の土地
- narrow strip of land
- 土地利用規制
- land use control
- land-use control
- 土地利用形態
- land-use pattern
- pattern of land use
- 土地被覆分類
- land covor classification
- 土地利用規則
- land use management
- 土地利用計画
- land use planning
- land utilization plan
- land-use planning
- 土地利用誘導
- land utilization guide
- 土地利用調査
- land use survey
- land use surveys
- 土地利用方式
- land use lization system
- 土地登記制度
- land registration system
- 土地鑑定制度
- land appraisal system
- 土地改良事業
- agricultural land improvement project
- 土地資源調査
- land resource surveys
- 土地水資源局
- Land and Water Bureau
- 土地条件調査
- land condition survey
- 土地支配の変化
- Changes in how land was controlled
- 当時の土地状況
- Conditions of the land at the time
- 特別土地保有税
- special landholding tax
- でこぼこの土地
- rough
- rugged ground
- 土地区画整理法
- Land Readjustment Law
- Land Alooacation Law
- 火山土地条件図
- land condition map of volcano
- 汚染された土地
- brownfields
- contaminated land
- 工業的土地利用
- industrial land use
- 土地の境界設定
- demarcation of land
- 土地ブローカー
- land broker
- land broker (middle man)
- land middle man
- 土地売買契約書
- land sale contract
- 土地利用の調整
- adjustments in land use
- 土地利用調整課
- Land Use Planning and Control Division
- 土地利用調整官
- Director for Land Use Coordination
- 土地収益の増加
- increment in land revenue
- 土地水資源局長
- 'Director-General, Land and Water Bureau'
- 土地政策企画官
- Senior Planner for Land Policies
- Director for Land Policy Planning
- 土地収用管理室
- Land Expropriation Office
- 土地の面積の単位
- As an unit of land area
- 土地の計量など。
- Used for measuring the dimension of a territory, and so on.
- 土地利用の適正化
- utilize land properly
- 土地所有権の範囲
- Scope of Ownership in Land
- 土地再評価差額金
- difference in revaluation of land.
- 土地利用被覆変化
- land use/cover change
- 許可に係る土地等
- Land etc. regarding which the permission was obtained
- 全米土地権原協会
- American Land Title Association
- 土地利用規制区域
- land use control area
- 土地分類基本調査
- fundamental land classification survey
- 土地の形質の変更
- alteration of the land shape
- 土地利用基本計画
- basic land use plan
- 土地改良(狭義)
- land improvement
- 土地区画整理事業
- land readjustment project
- land replotting enterprise
- land readjustment program
- 土地改良(広義)
- land development
- 土地改良事業計画
- land improvement project
- 土地水資源局次長
- 'Deputy Director-General, Land and Water Bureau'
- 一次的土地所有保証
- compenastion for temporay land occupaiton
- 境界設定(土地の)
- demarcation of land
- 土地利用高度化便益
- land enhancement benefit
- 公共用の土地の使用
- Use of Public Land
- 土地又は水面の立入
- Entry on Land or Water Surface
- 土地建物等の先買い
- Preemption of Land and Buildings, etc.
- 土地(宅地及び山林)
- Lands (residential area and mountain forest area).
- - 土地調査事業開始
- Start of the land research project
- 土地の表題登記の申請
- Application for Heading Registration of Land
- 国土地理院測地観測所
- Kokudochiriinsokuchikansokujo
- 国土地理院測地観測場
- Kokudochiriinsokuchikansokujou
- 土地区画整理事業区域
- land readjustment project area
- 土地の使用及び立入等
- Use of Land and Entry.
- 遊休土地の買取り価格
- Purchase Price of Unused Land
- 建造物と土地の一体指定
- Designation of a Building and Its Land
- 土地の滅失の登記の申請
- Application for Registration of Loss of Land
- 土地の表示に関する登記
- Registration of Description of Land
- 河川区域内の土地の登記
- Registration of Land within a River Area
- 総務課(土地水資源局)
- General Affairs Division
- 土地の所有者等の責務等
- Responsibilities, etc. of Landowners, etc.
- 遊休土地である旨の通知
- Notification of Unused Land
- 遊休土地の買取りの協議
- Consultations for Purchase of Unused Land
- 公害防除特別土地改良事業
- special works for improving soil quality to prevent public hazards
- 遊休土地に係る計画の届出
- Notification of Plans Pertaining to Unused Land
- - 土地の貸借を禁止した。
- - He forbade the rental of land.
- この辺の土地は不案内でして
- I'm a stranger here.
- 適正かつ合理的な土地の利用
- proper and reasonable utilization of land
- 買取りに係る遊休土地の利用
- Utilization of Purchased Unused Land
- 不動産 土地又は建物をいう。
- real property: land or building;
- 関係土地の所有権登記名義人等
- the registered holder of ownership, etc. of a related parcel
- 永小作権の譲渡又は土地の賃貸
- Transfer of Emphyteusis or Leasing of Land
- 防御のしやすい土地柄であった。
- Kamakura was an easily defendable region.
- 土地の表題部の更正の登記の申請
- Application for Registration of Correction of the Heading Section of Land
- 国の土地買収に最後まで抵抗する
- hold out to the end against the government's buying up the land
- 永小作人による土地の変更の制限
- Restrictions on Alterations to Land by Emphyteutas
- 土地又は工作物の存在および供用
- existence and use of land construction thing
- 「その土地の政財界に通じている」
- 'It is recognized by the government and financial sector of the land.'
- 一律的に耕作地を班給する土地制度
- System of equally allotting cultivated land
- 土地の表示に関する登記の登記事項
- Matters to Be Registered for Registration of Description of Land
- ニューメキシコ州南西部にある土地
- White Sands
- 東アジア地域の土地利用・被覆変化
- Land Use/Cover Change in Temperate East Asia
- 公道に至るための他の土地の通行権
- Right of Passage over Other Land for Access to Public Roads
- 土地の賃借権の譲渡又は転貸の許可
- Permission to Transfer or Sublease the Right to Lease Land
- 壺形土器(出土地不詳、弥生時代)
- Clay Pot (unearthed at an unknown location; Yayoi Period)
- 急激に土地の価格が上昇しました。
- The price of land rose quickly.
- 大土地神楽(2005年2月21日)
- Odochi kagura dance (February 21, 2005)
- 狂言間狂言 所の者(その土地の住人)
- Kyogen aikyogen (comic interlude in Noh): A local (inhabitant of the land)
- 土地改良には農民の金銭の負担はない。
- The peasants did not have to pay for the land improvement.
- 武士は、土地に対する執着が強かった。
- A samurai was strongly attached to owning land.
- 相互に接続していない土地の合筆の登記
- a registration of consolidation of parcels of land that do not adjoin each other;
- 河川法第六条第一項の河川区域内の土地
- land within a river area as set forth in Article 6, paragraph (1) of the River Act;
- 土地及びその定着物は、不動産とする。
- Land and any fixtures thereto are regarded as real estate.
- 土地の所在する市、区、郡、町、村及び字
- the city ('shi'), ward ('ku'), county ('gun'), town ('machi'), village ('mura') and 'aza' where the land is located;
- 2. 農業が盛んで収穫が高く豊かな土地。
- 2. A well harvested, rich, fertile land suitable for agriculture.
- また土地対策を行い、税収の増加に努めた。
- He also worked on land measures designed to increase tax revenues.
- 千土地興行(後の日本ドリーム観光)経営。
- It was managed by Sentochi Kogyo (later, Nippon Dream Kanko).
- 「(土地は)五穀に宜しく、麦は少ない。」
- The land was fertile in five grains, but it produced a little wheat.'
- 対象土地について筆界特定を必要とする理由
- the reasons for the need of a parcel boundary demarcation for the subject parcels; and
- 都市計画事業のための土地等の収用又は使用
- Expropriation or Use of Land etc. for City Planning Projects
- 滋賀県は古くから開発が行われた土地である。
- The development of Shiga Prefecture started a long time ago.
- 現在では揚屋はほぼどの土地にも存在しない。
- Today, there are no ageya anywhere in Japan.
- 露田については同じだけの土地が与えられる。
- Bare fields of the same sizes were also supplied.
- 第六十七条中土地収用法第五十四条の改正規定
- The provisions in Article 67 for revising Article 54 of the Eminent Domain Act;
- 以前、この土地には京都中央郵便局があった。
- Previously, Kyoto Central Post Office used to occupy the site.
- 修復後、土地・建物が霞会館に払い下げられた。
- After restoration, the land and building were sold to the Kasumi-kaikan Assembly Hall.
- 風の強い土地では、これらが高いと倒れやすい。
- If they are long, the rice plants tend to lodge, particularly in windy areas.
- このときの大規模な私有土地を初期荘園という。
- The large scale private ownership of land at that time was called shoki shoen.
- 現在の皇室の秋篠宮の宮号の由来の土地でもある。
- It is a land which is the origin of Miyago (reigning name) of Akishinonomiya, a member of present imperial family.
- 当時の陸奥は地区の孤島ともいうべき土地だった。
- In those days, Mutsu was a desert area of the district.
- 荘園を構成する土地は、次の3階層に分けられた。
- The lands which made up the shoens were divided into the following three strata.
- このとき土地支配の基礎となったのが名田である。
- In this process, myoden became the basis of the administration of the land.
- 地目又は地番区域が相互に異なる土地の合筆の登記
- a registration of consolidation of parcels of land which fall within different land categories or different numbered districts;
- 「山城国南部、陽の当たる豊かな土地」という意味。
- The word 'Joyo' means 'a rich land full of sunshine in south Yamashiro Province'.
- 現在の藪内家も西本願寺より与えられた土地にある。
- The residence of the current Yabunouchi family is located on land given by Nishi Hongan-ji Temple.
- 朝鮮人の地主と直接交渉して土地貸借ができること。
- Japanese people could borrow land by negotiating directly with the Korean landowner.
- 木を失い土壌を喪失した土地は次々と崩れていった。
- The lands, which had lost trees and became poor, disappeared by landslides one after another.
- 建物競売等の場合における土地の賃借権の譲渡の許可
- Permission to Transfer the Right to Lease Land in the Case of Auction, Etc. of Buildings
- そのことを触れ回ることを約束して土地の住人は去る。
- The inhabitant of the land leaves, promising to spread the word.
- 土地の表示に関する登記 (第三十四条―第四十三条)
- Registration of Description of Land (Article 34 to Article 43)
- 平坦な土地の上で大部分の人々が生活を営んでいます。
- Most people live on flat land.
- 団地の語源は、「一団の土地」若しくは「一団の地域」。
- The word danchi derives from the phrases 'ichidan no tochi' or 'ichidan no chiiki.'
- 以下の17棟と土地が国の重要文化財に指定されている。
- 17 buildings shown below and the land were designated as important national cultural properties.
- 屯田兵土地給与規則 明治23年(1890年)9月公布
- Tondenhei Tochi (land) and Kyuyo (salary) Regulations in September, 1890
- 桑田は絹の産地にそうでない土地では麻田が与えられる。
- Mulberry fields were supplied in the area where silk was produced, and fields for hemp were supplied in other areas.
- 漁業権は、物権とみなし、土地に関する規定を準用する。
- A fishery right shall be deemed to be a property, and the provisions concerning land shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 記録によると、宣王は出土地の近辺で狩をした形跡がない。
- According to historical materials, there was no trace that the King Xuan enjoyed hunting near the site where sekkobun was found.
- それ以来牛鬼はその土地の者には祟りをしなかったという。
- After that, the Ushioni never haunted the local people.
- 土地柄によっては戸幅が先で高さが後に表される所もある。
- Depending on local customs, dimensions of the door width are indicated before that of the height.
- 千土地が演芸を千日劇場へ集約したことによるものだった。
- The reason was that Sentochi concentrated on the entertainment business in the Sennichi Theater.
- また土地の特産物を入れるなど、地方によって特色がある。
- Special local products unique to each region are used.
- 土地の面積に使われる反と、布の大きさを表す反とがある。
- There are two kinds of tan, one is to measure areas of lands and the other is to represent size of textile.
- 王土王民思想を最も反映していたのがこの土地制度である。
- This system most closely reflected the concept of odo omin.
- 坂本は土地制度史の面から王朝国家体制の理論を確立した。
- Sakamoto established the theory of Dynastic polity from the aspect of the history of land system.
- 土地の賃借権設定の目的が建物の所有であるときは、その旨
- if the purpose of the establishment of the right of lease of land is to own a building, a statement to that effect;
- 彼がやっと手に入れた土地に憧れの輸入住宅を建てました。
- He built the imported house he had always wanted on the land he finally acquired.
- また畑に用いられる土地は368haで、主に普通畑である。
- Other fields used for farming total 368 ha, and are used for general farming.
- 日本の稲作の適地は、水はけが良く、水利が良い土地である。
- In Japan, well-drained lands with good water supply are the best places for rice cropping.
- 6世紀以前は、各々の豪族が土地と民衆を直接支配していた。
- Before the sixth century, each gozoku (local ruling family) directly governed the land and the people.
- 荘園の登場に先立って、2つの土地システムが存在していた。
- Prior to the appearance of shoens, two land systems existed.
- 伊勢や須磨のように風流の心をはぐくむような土地柄でもない。
- And this land is not fit to cultivate furyu (splendor) to the mind like Ise and Suma.
- 律令制の根幹は人別課税だったが、冬嗣は土地課税を重視した。
- The Ritsuryo system was based on an individual-based tax system, while the Fuyutsugu count was a land-based tax system.
- そして、混乱にまぎれて寺院を破壊し、寺院の土地を接収した。
- Shrine priests destroyed temples and took over temples' land by taking advantage of the confusion.
- また土地の漁師役の狂言が、終始重要な役柄を演じることも特徴。
- It is also a feature that kyogen (the kyogen actor), who plays a local fisherman, plays an important role from beginning to end.
- そして見つかった土地が、ジェータ太子の所有する森林であった。
- The land he chose for this was the tree-clad land belonging to Prince Jeta.
- 現在も『伴』という苗字の平家の子孫がこの土地に存在している。
- Even at present, the descendants of the Taira family with the surname Ban reside in this village.
- 「氏」や「部」は各々、土地と人民を所有・支配した(部民制)。
- Each 'uji' and 'be' possessed and ruled their land and people (the system of bemin, the people in subordinate position).
- ただし、土地の面積(地積)については特別の単位が用いられる。
- Meanwhile, the special unit is used for acreage.
- 田堵は、免田を中心に田地を開発し、領域的な土地支配を進めた。
- Tatos developed rice fields centering on menden and went ahead with territorial land governance.
- 地番 第三十五条の規定により一筆の土地ごとに付す番号をいう。
- parcel number: a number assigned to each parcel of land pursuant to the provision of Article 35;
- 借地権 建物の所有を目的とする地上権又は土地の賃借権をいう。
- 'Land Lease Right' shall mean superficies or the right to lease land for the purpose of building ownership;
- そこで、彼らはその土地を荘園として受領層に寄進することとなる。
- Accordingly, they donated the lands to the Juryoso (career provincial official class) as shoen.
- 一 右管轄ノ土地へ屯営建築落成ノ上地所木石等有余ハ其省へ引渡。
- When military camps are constructed and established on the lands managed by the Department of War, any extra lands, trees, stones, etc., will be handed over to Okura-sho.
- 「自分達の土地は自分達で守るという有力な農民が出てきました。」
- Powerful farmers that protected their own lands began to appear.'
- 土地及び建物の表示に関する登記の登記事項は、次のとおりとする。
- The matters to be registered for a registration of a description of land and a building shall be as follows:
- 対象土地の所有権登記名義人等であって筆界特定の申請人以外のもの
- the registered holder of ownership, etc. of one of the subject parcels who is not the applicant for parcel boundary demarcation; and
- 忠平は律令回帰路線に否定的であり、土地課税路線を推進していった。
- Tadahira was not in favor of a return to the Ritsuryo system, and promoted the land-based tax system.
- 土地の者がそれを割って中を見ると玉のような一人の男の子がいた~。
- When local people opened the pot, there was a pretty boy in it.
- つまり、死後、墓とした土地を永久に占有できるかどうかで区別する。
- In fact, a key distinguishing point is that if it is an extravagant funeral, the dead person can occupy the land forever.
- 史の支配の及ぶ土地と人間の総体を指して「コオリ」と呼んだらしい。
- It appears to be the case that land and people under the control of a shi (clerk) was collectively called a 'kori.'
- 同じ貫数でも土地の条件などによって実際の面積は異なることになる。
- It meant that the same amount of kan could represent lands with different numbers of square meters, as it depended on the different conditions of pieces of land.
- 表題部所有者又は所有権の登記名義人が相互に異なる土地の合筆の登記
- a registration of consolidation of parcels of land which belong to different heading-section owners or different registered holders of ownership;
- 土地調整委員会又は中央公害審査委員会がした処分等に関する経過措置
- Transitional Measures on Disposition, etc. by Land Coordination Committee or Central Public Pollution Investigation Commission
- 第百六条第一項の規定により土地の使用又は収用の許可の申請をする者
- The persons who file applications for approval of use or expropriation of land pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 106
- 全国のほとんどの城郭陣屋の建造物が取り壊され、土地は払下げられた。
- Most of the castles and jinya in the country were demolished, and their lands were sold.
- 土地によって伝承される内容が異なり、作ったとされる山や沼も異なる。
- The contents of the legend vary according to the locals, and the alleged mountains and marshes made by Daidarabocchi are also different.
- 更に江戸時代には土地以外の財産一般の事も所務と称するようになった。
- Further in the Edo period, whole assets other than land is also called shomu.
- 土地は公有制であるため、原則的には天皇から与えられたものであった。
- Since land was publicly owned, it was generally given by the emperor.
- 古いインドの村落共同体はこうした土地所有者によって構成されていた。
- The old village community in India consisted of such land owners.
- なお、日本律令制下の土地制度は、唐の均田制をもとに構築されていた。
- And based on the equal-field system under the Tang Dynasty, the land system under the Japanese ritsuryo system was established.
- 11世紀以降の土地・民衆支配は、荘園と公領の2本の柱によっていた。
- The governance of the land and people after the eleventh century consisted of the two: the shoen and koryo.
- こうして朝廷は人別支配から土地を通じた支配へと大きく方向転換した。
- In this way, the Imperial Court radically changed its system from ruling over people to governing through land.
- 建物収去土地明渡請求権を保全するための建物の処分禁止の仮処分の執行
- Execution of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting Disposition of a Building for Preserving the Right to Claim Removal of the Building and Surrender of Land
- 建物収去土地明渡請求権を保全するための建物の処分禁止の仮処分の効力
- Effect of Provisional Disposition Prohibiting Disposition of a Building for Preserving the Right to Claim Removal of the Building and Surrender of Land
- 商品(販売の目的をもって所有する土地、建物その他の不動産を含む。)
- commodities (including land, buildings, and other real properties owned for the purpose of sale);
- 土地の所有者は、隣地から水が自然に流れて来るのを妨げてはならない。
- A landowner may not interfere with a natural water stream flowing from neighboring land.
- 土地の使用及び収用に関する規定は、水の使用に関する権利に準用する。
- The provisions concerning the use and expropriation of land shall apply mutatis mutandis to the right of use of water.
- このため越前平野は実り豊かな土地となり人々が定住できるようになった。
- Thanks to his achievement, Echizen plain turned into a land rich in harvest and suitable to live.
- 粘土の多い土地で、夏の間、昼と夜の気温の違いが大きい場所が栽培適地。
- It is suitably cultivated where the soil is argilliferous and the temperature difference between the day and night is considerable in summer.
- 釈迦の在世中、富裕層である広大な土地所有者・商業資本者を居士という。
- While Shakyamuni was alive, owners of large land or commercial capital owners, who belonged to wealthy class, were called koji (Buddhists).
- 一般の庶民による相撲は「土地相撲」、または「草相撲」と呼ばれていた。
- Sumo matches among ordinary citizens were called 'tochizumo' (local sumo) or 'kusazumo' (sandlot sumo).
- 鉱毒被害地の農地の土地改良も、公害防止協定締結後に行われた(後述)。
- Land improvements of the agricultural land in the affected areas were implemented after the conclusion of the pollution control agreement (see below).
- また、すべての荘園が前述3種類の土地から構成されていたわけではない。
- And all the shoens did not consist of the above mentioned three kinds of lands.
- こうした権利の広がりによって、土地や民衆の私的支配が開始されていく。
- By the spread of these rights, the private governance of the land and people started.
- 不動産(土地若しくは建物又はこれらに関する所有権以外の権利をいう。)
- Real Property (meaning lands and buildings or rights other than the ownership pertaining thereto);
- 大量の餓死者は発生もちろんのこと、土地を捨てて逃亡する農民が多数発生。
- Not only did many people starve to death, but also a large number of farmers fled from their homes.
- その後、一部地区で土地区画整理事業実施等に伴う町名町界の変更があった。
- In certain parts of the ward, town names and boundaries were subsequently altered due to land readjustment projects.
- また各土地の屈指の金持ちであるから、まわりへの財力のアピールにもなる。
- Since danna-sama is one of the richest men in the respective area, it can also be a means to impress people around him with his wealth.
- 鎌倉殿が御家人の所領支配を保障し、又は新たな土地給与を行うことを言う。
- The Kamakura-dono guaranteed the governance of territories by gokenin and supplied them with new land.
- 出土地名をとって「弥生式土器」の名称が定着し、それが時代名ともなった。
- 'Yayoi,' which came from the excavation site, took root as the name of the pottery and became the period's name, too.
- この土地は元々、農業を主な産業としていた栃木県下都賀郡谷中村であった。
- The site originally belonged to Yanaka Village, Shimotsuga County, Tochigi Prefecture, which residents had been making their living mainly from the soil.
- 例えば、土地に対して公出挙の納入義務が課せられるような事例も見られた。
- For example, there were cases that the payment duty of Ku-Suiko was imposed on lands.
- 裁判所の土地管轄は、犯罪地又は被告人の住所、居所若しくは現在地による。
- The territorial jurisdiction of the courts shall be determined by the place where the crime was committed, the place where the domicile or the residence of the accused is located, or the place where the accused is at present.
- 後に、稚武彦命が治めた土地には『笠』の地名が残る事から笠臣とも呼ばれる。
- Since territories conquered by Wakatakehiko no Mikoto bear names that contain a Chinese character pronounced 'kasa' in Japanese, he later came to be known as Kasa no Omi.
- 地頭は公領や荘園ごとに設置され、年貢の徴収や土地管理などが役割であった。
- Jito were placed at both shoen (private estates) and koryo (public territories), and were responsible for both levying the annual tax and managing and otherwise overseeing the land.
- また巨富を得た手段を冠して「株長者」「土地長者」と表現されることもある。
- In addition, expressions such as 'Kabu choja' (stock market billionaire) or 'Tochi choja' (property billionaire) may be used, in which 'choja' is capped with the means to get enormous fortune.
- 香川県の地車では土地ごとに違う「口説き」を歌いながら右へ、左へ肩を組む。
- For the danjiri in Kagawa Prefecture, the participants put their arms around each other's shoulders as they sing the 'kudoki' that is unique to each region.
- 土地の名産品としてすでに納付され、薬用として使用されていたと考えられる。
- It is thought that wasabi was delivered as a special local product and used as a medicine.
- 良房の養子、藤原基経もまた、良房路線を継承し土地課税重視の政策をとった。
- FUJIWARA no Mototsune, an adopted child of Yoshifusa, also followed Yoshifusa's policy line, and carried out counting based on the land-based tax system.
- このため、荒田打を行った土地は新田に準じた権利を認められる場合もあった。
- Therefore, properties that were Aratauchi were in some cases allowed rights usually given to new fields.
- 表題部所有者又は所有権の登記名義人が相互に持分を異にする土地の合筆の登記
- a registration of consolidation of parcels of land where the heading-section owners or registered holders of ownership have different shares;
- 土地の所有者は、隣地の所有者と共同の費用で、境界標を設けることができる。
- A landowner may install boundary markers, sharing the expenses with the owner of the neighboring land.
- 現実は開基檀那の寄進する土地に建立するため、すくなからず妥協を迫られる。
- In reality, since temples were built on the sites donated by Kaiki patrons, they were more or less forced to compromise.
- 第百一条第一項の規定により土地の立入り又は竹木の伐採の許可の申請をする者
- The persons who file applications for approval of entry into land or felling of bamboos and trees pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 101
- ゆかりの地である越前はかつて湿原が広がり農耕や居住に適さない土地であった。
- Echizen Province, the region associated with him, used to be a vast stretch of wetland, unfit for farming and human habitation.
- そこは六合の中なれば、大業を広げて、天下を治めるにふさわしい土地であろう。
- The land would be the rightful place for expanding our great work to reign over in the whole country as long as it is 'kuni' (a conquerable land).
- 次第に在地領主同士の土地争いが増えるに従って、彼らは武装し、武士となった。
- As disputes over land increased among the Ryoshu (feudal lords) of the provinces, they armed themselves and eventually became samurais.
- 京の町衆の篤く信頼されており、豪商角倉了以が嵯峨の小倉山の土地を寄進した。
- Having gained the profound trust of the townspeople in Kyoto, he was given the land in Mt. Ogura in Saga by Ryoi SUMINOKURA who was a wealthy merchant.
- 日本各地では、古くからその土地にあった建材を利用した住宅が建てられてきた。
- Housings have been built using local building materials in various regions in Japan from old times.
- 埋蔵文化財を包蔵する土地は遺跡地図等により周知が図られている(第95条)。
- As for the land that contains a buried cultural property, the public is to be notified by means of a site map, etc. (Article 95).
- 土地の班給が人民一人一人に対して行われたので、課税も個人に対してなされた。
- As the cultivated land was allotted for each peasants, taxes were imposed for each individual.
- しかし年月が経過すると、土地使用に供するために古墳を破壊するようになった。
- However, kofun were destroyed for land use after the Kofun period.
- また、それぞれの土地の砂粒の大きさの違いも、黄砂の量の違いに関係している。
- Furthermore, sand grain sizes of each kosa producing area affect the amount of kosa.
- 前三項の規定は、転借地権者がその土地において所有する建物について準用する。
- The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to buildings the Land Sublease Right Holder owns on that land.
- また大化前代の土地私有制の発展段階の相違が考慮されていることも明らかである。
- Additionally, it is clear that differences during the stage of development in the system for private ownership of land in the pre-Taika era were taken into account.
- ただ頼朝の頃から、守護が在庁官人を指揮して大田文(土地台帳)を作成していた。
- It is notable that the provincial constables had Zaicho kanjin (local district officials) prepare Ota bumi (land ledgers) from the time of Yoritomo.
- 帰郷の理由は、親族の世話や生家である三善家の土地の管理などであったとされる。
- The reason she returned home was to take care of her relatives and the lands of the Miyoshi family to which she was born.
- その土地の印西派の伝承者(つまり宗家)は、その世代にただ一人しか存在しない。
- The successor (in other words, Soke or grand master) of the Insai school in a certain region of a certain generation could only be one person.
- 今では全国各地に土地の名物の佃煮はあり、江戸前に限るということはなくなった。
- Today, Tsukudani appears as local delicacies throughout the country in various locations and can no longer be considered as something solely from the Tokyo area.
- 新規植林(Afforestation、過去50年間森林がなかった土地に植林)
- Afforestation (to plant trees newly in the land where there have not been forests in the past fifty years).
- 彼らは、自分の支配地域における課税を行うための資料として土地の調査を行った。
- Some such daimyo began to conduct land surveys, which provided the data they needed in order to set up systems of taxation within their own domains.
- これを貫高(かんだか)といい、それを税収の基準にする土地制度を貫高制と呼ぶ。
- This was called Kandaka, and the land system that used Kandaka as a scale for tax revenue is referred to as Kandaka sei.
- 対象土地の所在地が当該申請を受けた法務局又は地方法務局の管轄に属しないとき。
- where the location of the subject parcels is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau which has received the application;
- 当地区では、土地区画整理事業実施に伴い、ほぼ全域で町名町界の変更が実施された。
- Town names and borders in the area were almost entirely changed as land readjustment projects were implemented.
- これはその地方の伝統が反映された特徴によるもので、その土地の祭礼ごとに異なる。
- These tempestuous movements of parades vary in each rite and festival of regions, depending on local traditions.
- 埋蔵文化財は、他の文化財とは異なり土地に埋蔵されている状態にある文化財である。
- Buried cultural properties, unlike other cultural properties, are cultural properties that exist in such a state that they're buried underground.
- 元々このような募兵に応えるようなものは多くが自らの土地を持たない客戸であった。
- Many of the men who enlisted in the military service were kyakko who did not have their own land.
- 農村社会における全ての社会経済要素の基礎となったのは、土地所有の状況であった。
- In village society, the base of all the socio-economical factors was the land ownership situation.
- このような農奴による土地保有を農奴保有(villein tenure)という。
- These land ownerships by serfs is called villain tenure.
- これらは、土地の支配関係を明らかにし、武士以外の武装権を剥奪するものであった。
- These measures were to clearly define the relation of land holding and to deprive the citizens other than samurai of the right to bear arms.
- 地積 一筆の土地の面積であって、第三十四条第二項の法務省令で定めるものをいう。
- parcel area: the area of a parcel of land, which is specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice set forth in Article 34, paragraph (2);
- 筆界特定の事務は、対象土地の所在地を管轄する法務局又は地方法務局がつかさどる。
- Affairs for parcel boundary demarcation shall be administered by the Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau that has jurisdiction over the location of the subject parcels.
- 永小作人は、小作料を支払って他人の土地において耕作又は牧畜をする権利を有する。
- An emphyteuta shall have the right to engage in cultivation or livestock farming on the land of others by paying rent.
- しかしながら現在は産業構造の変化や、慢性的な土地不足のため経済は停滞気味である。
- However, now economy has been sluggish because Maizuru suffers from a change in industrial structures and chronic shortages in usable land.
- 現在の四条河原町一帯に土地を持っていた名家、井口家の近江屋井口新助が営んでいた。
- The store was managed by Shinsuke IGUCHI of Omiya from Iguchi family, a reputable family that owned lands in the area of present Shijo Kawaramachi.
- 長田野工業団地内最大の土地を所有し、京都府下で最も消費電力が大きい企業でもある。
- Owning the largest site in the Osadano Industrial Park, it consumes the largest amount of electric power in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 本願寺道路の建設など開拓を指示し、札幌へ向かい朝廷より下賜された土地を視察する。
- After giving instructions for reclamation activities including construction of the Hongan-ji Road, he visited Sapporo to inspect the land granted by the Imperial Court.
- 秦氏の渡来当初は、現在の奈良県御所市あたりにヤマト王権より土地を与えられている。
- When they first came to Japan, the Hata clan was given land near Gose City, Nara Prefecture from the sovereignty of Yamato.
- そして、明治政府の地租改正に伴う土地改革によって寺社領は解体されることになった。
- Under the land reform accompanying the chisokaisei (revision of land-tax) during the Meiji period, the Jisharyo was broken up.
- 相模川河口付近にあった膳所崎と呼ばれる琵琶湖に突き出た土地に築かれた水城である。
- It was a mizu-shiro (castles on lakes or marshes for defensive reasons) built on Zezezaki, the land that protruded into Lake Biwa near the mouth of Sagami-gawa River.
- 三善清行がこの意見書を提出した10世紀前半、日本の土地状況は悲惨なものであった。
- In the early tenth century when Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI submitted this statement, the land in Japan was in a dire condition.
- 転借地権 建物の所有を目的とする土地の賃借権で借地権者が設定しているものをいう。
- 'Land Sublease Right' shall mean a right to lease land for the purpose of building ownership and established by a Land Lease Right Holder;
- 中世の武士とは異なり、土地の所有と支配にはさほどこだわらない集団であったとされる。
- Unlike the samurai (warriors) of the Medieval (Kamakura and Muromachi) period, they are thought to have been groups of soldiers who were not particularly concerned about possessing and ruling of land.
- 京都府の新博物館建設計画に協力するため、その土地・建物を京都府に譲渡して閉館した。
- The museum was closed to cooperate with a new Kyoto Prefecture museum construction plan, and its land and building were transferred to Kyoto Prefecture.
- 荘園制において荘園領主が土地・人民を支配するための基本台帳としての役目を果たした。
- They functioned as residents' ledgers in order for the shoen owners to manage their lands and people.
- 再植林 (Reforestation、1990年より前に森林でなかった土地に植林)
- Reforestation (to plant trees in the land which was not a forest before 1990).
- 水戸と彦根を和解させた都市は敦賀市だが、敦賀は天狗党の乱が悉く殺された土地である。
- The reconciliation between Mito and Hikone was made possible by Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture, although Tsuruga is the place where the Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto) was subdued completely.
- こうした変化の背景には、地方の新興地主層による大土地所有や官僚進出の進展があった。
- Against the backdrop of these changes, there occurred developments such as the emerging regional landholders gaining large tracts of land and the rise of the bureaucrats.
- 対策委員会は古河鉱業から土地改良資金の20分の1(800万円)を受け取り解散した。
- However, the official committee was dissolved after receiving one twentieth of the cost for the land improvement (8,000,000 yen) from Furukawa Mining.
- 屯田兵に与えられる土地は従来の1.5倍となり、ほかに共同利用の公有地が用意された。
- The land given to a tondenhei became 1.5 times larger than that in the past, and, besides, the public land for shared use was prepared.
- それによると、軍事的には『討伐』には失敗したが、「対馬は土地が不毛で生活が苦しい。
- According to this volume, militarily 'the expedition' was a failure, but did win them the following document of capitulation: 'Tsushima's land is barren, making it difficult to eke out a living there.
- そのため、政府は土地(公田)を収取の基礎単位とする支配体制を構築するようになった。
- Therefore the government established a governance system with a tax collection basic unit according to land (or koden, a field administered directly by a ruler).
- 一国平均役の賦課は、国衙が作成した国内の土地台帳である大田文を基にして実施された。
- Tax imposition in the ikkoku heikinyaku system was carried out based upon ota-bumi (cadastre created in the Kamakura period) created by kokuga (provincial government offices).
- 地目 土地の用途による分類であって、第三十四条第二項の法務省令で定めるものをいう。
- land category: a category according to the use of land, which is specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice set forth in Article 34, paragraph (2);
- 土地の所有者は、直接に雨水を隣地に注ぐ構造の屋根その他の工作物を設けてはならない。
- A landowner may not install any structure including a roof that discharges rainwater directly onto neighboring land.
- また僧侶のなかには神官や兵士となるものや寺院の土地や宝物を売り逃げていくものもいた。
- Some Buddhist priests became Shinto priests or soldiers and some sold off temples' land and/or treasures and ran away.
- 現在では石材業や庭石業を営む会社等は、山の土地を取得して加工をしているところが多い。
- Today, organizations such as stone material company or garden stone companies tend to obtain the land for processing stones.
- 1969年(昭和44年)8月:社団法人京都日伊協会の土地を日本イタリア京都会館に寄付
- August 1969: The land for the Kyoto Japan-Italy Association was donated to Nihon-Itaria Kyoto-kaikan.
- しかし、土地柄、銅山との商取引で生計を立てている者が多く、運動は盛り上がらなかった。
- However, many were making a living through business with the copper mine and the movement never gained significant support.
- 開墾をおこなう資力にめぐまれた貴族や豪族、寺社の土地所有は以後増加の一途をたどった。
- Ownership of land by nobles, powerful clans and temples and shrines - all of whom had capital to carry out reclamation - increased continuously.
- 平安中期のはじめごろ、朝廷は人別支配を放擲し、土地課税を基調とした支配へと移行した。
- Around the early part of the Heian period, the Imperial Court gave up the individual-based tax system, and moved into the land-based tax system.
- 同じく、領主の承認や慣習的な支払なくして、土地を第三者へ譲渡することもできなかった。
- Likewise, without the lords' approval or customary payment, the serfs could not sell the lands to a third party.
- 土地課税が租税収取の基本原則とされるに当たり、租税体系の基礎とされたのが公田である。
- In adopting the principle of tax on land, Koden (field administered directly by a ruler) was the base of the tax system.
- しかし、その土地は最も広い日光東照宮でも1万石、最も狭いものではわずか1石であった。
- Among such lands, however, even the largest one, that of Nikko Toshogu shrine, was equivalent to tens of thousands of koku crop yield and the smallest one was equivalent to merely one koku crop yield.
- 14世紀末の応安の半済令では、土地自体を半分割して接収する権利が、守護に与えられた。
- Hanzei-rei (literally, Hanzei law) issued in the Oan era in the end of 14th century provided shugo with the authority to confiscate half of the land.
- 収用又は使用の別を明らかにした事業地(都市計画事業を施行する土地をいう。以下同じ。)
- Project sites (sites where the city planning project are to be executed; the same shall apply hereinafter), indicating whether the projects involve expropriation or use
- 天皇がその国・土地を賛美するということは、すなわち該当地域の支配を暗示したものである。
- When the emperor admired the province and the land, it implied dominance of the appropriate areas.
- 「南町」は地図にみえるが、「南」は当該地区の土地区画整理事業実施後の地図にはみえない。
- While 'Minami-cho' is shown on maps, 'Minami' is not indicated on the maps created after land readjustment projects were implemented in the area.
- 古くからそばの栽培に適した土地で、祝祭事や来客時には家庭でそばを打ってもてなしていた。
- Since ancient times, this area has been suitable for growing buckwheat and soba used to be made at home for special occasions such as holidays and when entertaining company.
- 一定の領地と観念的に結びついた爵位が授与されるが、それが土地支配権を伴うとは限らない。
- Peerage which conceptually linked to a certain domain was given, but that did not necessarily involve the right of control over the land.
- その中で彼は上記のような土地問題を、更にはそれらが地方政治を乱していると指摘している。
- In the statement, he pointed out the land issues described above and indicated that they disrupted the local politics.
- 800万円は、待矢場両堰土地改良区(水利組合が名称を変更したもの)の口座に入金された。
- This 8 million yen was paid into the account of Machi-Yaba Twin Weir Land Improvement District (the new name of the water supply union).
- このときの調停の内容に含まれていた土地改良は、1981年に始まり1999年に完了した。
- By the decision in the reconciliation, the works for the land improvement were carried out from 1981 to 1999.
- 版籍奉還により、各藩内の封建制は廃止され、人民が土地に縛り付けられることもなくなった。
- Since feudal systems of domains were abolished under the policy of Haihan-chiken, people were able to move to a different domain.
- 土地税の租は,課税対象確保のための農民の最低生活の保障の意味で,低率に抑えられていた。
- So of So-Yo-Cho, land tax, was kept at low rate aimed at securing the lowest living standard of a peasant so as to acquire a stable subject of taxation.
- 日本では、8世紀初頭以来、律令に基づいた土地支配・租税収取が政府によって行われてきた。
- In Japan, land had been controlled by the government under the ritsuryo legal codes in order to collect land taxes since the early eighth century.
- 河川法第六条第三項(同法第百条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の樹林帯区域内の土地
- land within a greenbelt area as set forth in Article 6, paragraph (3) of the River Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 100, paragraph (1) of said Act);
- 前項の先取特権は、地上権又は土地の賃貸借の登記をすることによって、その効力を保存する。
- The effect of the statutory lien set forth in the preceding paragraph is retained by reason of the registration of the superficies or the land lease.
- 裁判所は、被告人の申立がなければ、土地管轄について、管轄違の言渡をすることができない。
- A court shall not render a decision of lack of territorial jurisdiction without the petition of the accused.
- また土地の私有が可能になると、小川荘や桑田荘・矢田荘および加舎荘などの荘園が開発された。
- Manors such as the Ogawa-sho, the Kuwada-sho, the Yada-sho and the Kaya-sho were built after private ownership of land was introduced.
- 冬嗣・良房は墾田開発を促進し、土地課税にシフトすることで状況に対応しようとしたのである。
- Both Fuyutsugu and Yoshifusa tried to deal with the situation by taxing the land.
- - 町地の大部分が京都御苑敷地内となり、現状は丸太町通り沿いのごく狭小な土地を残すのみ。
- Large part of the towns have become the premise of Kyoto Gyoen National Garden, and at present, only a small part of land along the Marutamachi-dori Street remains
- 土地 17,339.35㎡(石垣、南門、北門、旧館南側門、迎仙橋、西門前水路、塀を含む)
- Land: 17,339.35 square meters (inclusive of the stone wall, the south gate, the north gate, the south gate of the old building, Geisen-kyo bridge, the waterway in front of the west gate and the fence)
- 江戸市中の酒の相場でも、伊丹酒や池田酒は他の土地の酒に比べはるかに高値で取引されていた。
- The market price of Itami zake and Ikeda zake in Edo were much more expensive than other sake made in other places.
- 家数人馬改帳とともに封建領主が土地・人民を支配するための基本台帳としての役目を果たした。
- Along with 'iekazu jinba aratame-cho' (the survey register made per village in the Edo period on the number of houses, people, horses, and others), kenchi-cho functioned as the basic register for the feudal lord to rule the land and the people.
- 牓示(ぼうじ)とは、所領などの土地の四至あるいは境界のうち重要な地点に立てた掲示のこと。
- The term 'Boji' means a notice put up at shishi (northern, southern, eastern and western boundary) of a territory or the important positions of a boundary.
- 天平15年(743年)の墾田永年私財法の施行以後、墾田に基づく土地私有者は広く発生した。
- After Konden einen shizai Law (a law allowing farmers who cleared new lands to own them permanently) took effect in 743, a number of land owners based on konden (newly developed rice field) emerged over an extensive area.
- 土地の表示に関する登記の登記事項は、第二十七条各号に掲げるもののほか、次のとおりとする。
- In addition to what is listed in the items of Article 27, the matters to be registered for a registration of a description of land shall be as follows:
- 第二十五条第五項の規定に違反して、同条第一項の規定による土地の立入りを拒み、又は妨げた者
- Any person who, in violation of the provision of Article 25 paragraph (5), has refused or obstructed the entry into land pursuant to paragraph (1) of the same Article;
- 国土地理院による測量成果では、東の頂を大比叡、西の頂を四明岳、総称として比叡山としている。
- The survey findings from the Geographical Survey Institute show the eastern peak as Daihiei, the western peak as Shimeigatake, and both of them together as Mt. Hiei.
- 農民が書いた土地証文などの数もしだいに増加し、文字が庶民層にまで広く普及するようになった。
- A growing number of land deeds were written by peasants, which means that literacy was widespread even among the commoner class.
- 土地・建物なども一度は競売手続きが進められたがその後中止され、管財人が売却先を探していた。
- Its land and buildings had been on the verge of being auctioned off, but after the plan was changed the trustee was looking for potential buyers.
- 江戸幕府より統治の許可を得た諸大名が原則的には一代に限り土地統治を認められた封建制である。
- In principle, the local government was based on a feudal system under which the authorized feudal lord (daimyo) was allowed to administer the assingned territory only for one generation.
- 農民の保有地が小地面から成っていたように、領地(領主の直轄地)も単一的な土地ではなかった。
- As the land owned by farmers consisted of a patch of land, the land directly controlled by the lords was also not a monolithic land.
- 大規模な私有土地を経営するため、現地に管理事務所・倉庫がおかれたが、これを「荘」と称した。
- The administration office and warehouse were located on the spot for the management of a large scale private ownership of land and it was called 'sho.'
- これらによって守護は、各地の荘園・国衙領の下地進止権(土地支配権)を主張し、獲得していく。
- Thereby, requesting the right to appropriate the land (called Shitaji-shinshi-ken or Tochi-shihai-ken [land ruling right]) of the shoen and the territories of kokuga nationwide, shugo gradually attained land.
- 永小作人は、土地に対して、回復することのできない損害を生ずべき変更を加えることができない。
- An emphyteuta may not make any alteration of the land that will result in irreparable damage.
- 東に美しい土地があるという、青い山が四周にあり、その地には天から饒速日命が下っているという。
- I heard that there is a beautiful land in the east, surrounded by blue mountains, and Nigihayahi no Mikoto has descended there.
- これは明治時代の地租改正までに至る福知山藩の土地制度の基礎となったため、松平検地と呼ばれた。
- This formed the basis for the land system of the Fukuchiyama Domain untill the land-tax reform came into force in the Meiji period, and was called Matsudaira's Kenchi (the land survey).
- 作者が京都市・近江八景・太宰府天満宮など歴史的な土地に相当な執着を持っていたからと言われる。
- This is because the songwriter is said to have had an ardent attachment to historical places such as Kyoto City, the Eight Views of Omi, and Dazaifu Tenman-gu Shrine.
- 場合によっては、不作、不漁のおそれがある土地の力士に対しては、あえて勝ちを譲ることもあった。
- A wrestler sometimes intentionally loses against his opponent who is from a place that is believed to bring a poor harvest or a poor haul.
- 土地柄とその伝統から、おもに時代劇を得意としているが、現代劇のテレビドラマ等も製作している。
- Because of its location and past history, the majority of movies filmed in the studio are historical in nature, and many of contemporary TV dramas are also filmed there.
- とくに大貴族や大寺院は、広大な土地を囲い込み、一般の農民や浮浪人を使役して私有地をひろげた。
- In particular, powerful nobles and temples fenced off vast lands and increased privately owned land by using ordinary farmers and furonin (people escaped from their registered domiciles).
- また、本所が支配した土地を「本所」と称することもあり、日本各地の本所地名の由来となっている。
- Besides, some places governed by the honjo were also called 'Honjo,' and this is the reason why there are places named Honjo throughout Japan.
- 戦国時代には、己の知行する土地を持たずに、俸禄を受けている武士は、下級武士と考えられていた。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states), a samurai who did not have their governing land but accepted horoku (salary) was considered as a lower-ranking samurai.
- 申請が対象土地の所有権の境界の特定その他筆界特定以外の事項を目的とするものと認められるとき。
- where the application is found to be intended for the demarcation of the boundary of the coverage of ownership for the subject parcels or for matters other than parcel boundary demarcation;
- 対岸の土地の所有者は、水流地の一部がその所有に属するときは、前項の堰を使用することができる。
- The owner of the land on the other side may use the dam under the preceding paragraph if he/she owns part of the land containing the stream.
- 土地の占有者は、正当な理由がない限り、第一項の規定による立入りを拒み、又は妨げてはならない。
- The possessor of the land shall not refuse or obstruct the entry set forth under the provision of paragraph (1) without justifiable grounds.
- The possessor of the land may nor refuse or prevent entry under the provisions of paragraph (1) unless there is a justifiable reason.
- シ幵医殳鼓(7字9行・7句)「シ幵医殳・・」で始まり、土地の豊かさを称えた詩がつづられている。
- シ幵医殳-gu (seven poems each including 9 lines of even characters): Starting with 'シ幵医殳' and poems which admired the richness of the land were written.
- 初演時の劇場千歳座は水天宮 (東京都中央区)の近くにあり、土地の周辺をあてこんだものであった。
- The Chitose-za Theater where this Kabuki play was performed for the first time was located near Suiten-gu Shrine (in Chuo Ward, Tokyo) and was selected for its neighborhood.
- 建武の新政は、性急であったことと、複雑化した土地訴訟事案への対応ができなかったことで混乱した。
- The Kenmu administration was characterized by impatience and, being unable to provide a solution to the complicated land-related lawsuits with which they were plagued, was beset by confusion.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施に伴う以下の変更を経て、「竹田」を冠称する町名は27となっている。
- Afterwards, the number of town names prefixing 'Takeda' became 27 through the following changes in accordance with the land readjustment project.
- その土地の一年の豊作を占う神事で、神社の神主や神官が梓弓で的を射抜きその状態で吉凶を判断した。
- It is a Shinto ritual to tell a fortune about a good or bad harvest for the year, and Shinto priests of judge the fortune by the results of a target shot by azusayumi (a bow made of Japanese cherry birch).
- 同年…頼朝が朝廷から守護・地頭の設置を認められる(文治の勅許:軍事・警察・土地支配権の確立)。
- The same year - Yoritomo received approval from the Imperial Court to appoint Shugo and Jito (the Bunji imperial sanction: the establishment of the military, police and control of lands).
- 1183年(寿永2年) -頼朝が寿永二年十月宣旨により朝廷から間接的に土地支配権を認められる。
- 1183 - Yoritomo was approved to have the control of lands indirectly by Imperial Court according to Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)以降、土地を与えられ自立する下人が現れるなど身分環境に変動が起こってくる。
- Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), their circumstances of social statuses had begun to change and, for example, some of the genin became independent based on the lands they were given.
- 唐末期(8世紀末)には、大土地所有が拡大していき、呼応するように徐々に均田制が崩壊していった。
- Towards the end of the Tang era (towards end of the eighth century), persons owning large land areas increased, gradually destroying the equal field system.
- 御恩の具体的な内容は、主人が従者の所領支配を保障すること、又は新たな土地給与を行うことである。
- Specifically, goon indicated that a master guaranteed control of an area by his servant or that a master awarded an area newly to his servant.
- 河川法第六条第二項(同法第百条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の高規格堤防特別区域内の土地
- land within a special area of a high-grade bank as set forth in Article 6, paragraph (2) of the River Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 100, paragraph (1) of said Act);
- 河川法第二十六条第四項(同法第百条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の特定樹林帯区域内の土地
- land within a specified greenbelt area as set forth in Article 26, paragraph (4) of the River Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 100, paragraph (1) of said Act); and
- 舞鶴市は由良川と与保呂川をもち、市の耕作に用いられる土地は全体の4.7%の1,620haである。
- Both Yura-gawa and Yohoro-gawa river flow through Maizuru City, with 1,620 ha of accompanying land area used for agriculture which comprises 4.7% of the total area.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施に伴う以下の変更を経て、「下鳥羽」を冠称する町名は31となっている。
- Afterwards, the number of town names prefixing 'Shimotoba' became 31 through the following changes in accordance with the land readjustment project.
- 都市に人口が集中しており、その都市部では土葬で埋葬するために必要な土地が確保することができない。
- The population is concentrated in cities, and in these urban areas, it is difficult to secure burial sites.
- マンガ学部を持つ京都精華大学と土地・建物を提供した京都市によって共同事業として整備が進められた。
- The museum was developed as a joint project of Kyoto Seika University that has a Faculty of Manga, and Kyoto City, that provided the land and building.
- なお、建造物とともに土地が重要文化財に指定されているケースは民家のほか、社寺や近代建築にもある。
- Regarding land and building designated as important cultural properties, besides this private house there are also cases such as temples or shrines, as well as some modern structures.
- 昔から焼酎が主流の土地柄であったため、地酒は現地で醸造されてる日本酒として唯一残ったものである。
- Since olden times this region has mainly produced shochu, a distilled liquor, and Jizake is the one Japanese sake that is still brewed.
- また、米農家が収穫を感謝するため、甘酒を造ったり、祭りに甘酒を供える風習が残っている土地もある。
- In some regions, rice farmers still preserve the old custom of making amazake and placing it on an alter during festivals as an offering of thanks for a good harvest.
- 芸妓が存在する土地には旦那様の存在があり、いわゆるパトロンやスポンサーといったような人物である。
- Where there was a geigi, there was a danna-sama who played a role of danna-sama or sponsor.
- 四至(しいし/しし)とは、古代・中世における所領・土地の東西南北の境界を指して呼んだ呼称である。
- The term 'Shishi' (also pronounced Shiishi) referred to the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries of a tract of territory/land in ancient and medieval times.
- これは、統一が為されたことにより給付対象が大幅に増え、そのことから来る土地不足が原因と思われる。
- It is considered that this change was caused by land shortage as the unification of China dramatically increased the number of people who received government services.
- また、この交渉過程で、1953年に土地改良資金を提供したときに、永久示談を行ったと古河側は主張。
- Moreover, in the negotiation process, the Furukawa side insisted that in 1953 when they had paid for the land improvement, they had made a final composition with the condition that the victims abandoned every right to demand money after that.
- また、太閤検地が画期的なのは、土地の所有者ではなく、耕作者を調査し、耕作者に課税したことである。
- Another aspect of this Taiko Kenchi that is particularly ground-breaking is that it surveyed the cultivators, not the landlords, and so began the system of assessing taxes directly on the individual cultivators.
- しかし、その土地所有は法的根拠に欠け、国衙に収公される可能性も高く、非常に不安定なものであった。
- However, their status of land possession actually lacked legal foundation and was therefore quite unstable, with a high possibility of confiscation of their lands by kokuga (provincial government offices).
- これは倍田と言い、連作防止のためのもので、夫婦に与えられる土地は全部で120畝ということになる。
- These fields were called baiden (double fields) to prevent the same field from being used over consecutive years, and resultantly, a field of approx. 55.8 hectares were supplied to a pair of husband and wife.
- また、一地一作人原則が確立されて土地に対する借耕が盛んになり加地子・作徳分が成立するようになる。
- One cultivator policy was established and shakko (borrowing land for cultivation) land became popular and kajishi (land rent) and sakutokubun (profit which was left after paying land tax) began existing.
- 荘官・地頭はもともと直営田を持っておらず、屋敷地のみが自由に処分しうる土地として認められていた。
- From the beginning, shokan and jito did not have directly managed rice fields, and they were allowed only the residential area at their disposition.
- 河川法第五十八条の二第二項(同法第百条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の河川立体区域内の土地
- land within a three-dimensional river area as set forth in Article 58-2, paragraph (2) of the River Act (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 100, paragraph (1) of said Act)
- 凹凸窠とはでこぼこの土地に建てられた住居の意味であり、建物や庭園は山の斜面に沿って作られている。
- 'Ototsuka' means a residence built on unlevel land, and the building and garden are built on a slope of the mountain.
- 前項の規定により他人の土地に立ち入ろうとする者は、その身分を示す証明書を携帯しなければならない。
- Any person who intends to enter into other person's land pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall carry his/her identification card indicating his/her status.
- 土地の所有者は、前項の承諾を得ることができないときは、経済産業局長の決定を申請することができる。
- The landowner may, if he/she cannot obtain the acceptance prescribed in the preceding paragraph, file an application for decision of the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry.
- なお、プリンスホテルの社名は、ホテルの建物が旧皇族の手放した土地に立地していることに由来している。
- The name 'Prince Hotel' was derived from a place on some land that used to belong to the Imperial Family.
- また、最末期には大土地所有の制限を緩和して荒田開発を進め、公営田・勅旨田の設置などが行われている。
- At the end of this government, the restriction toward latifundism was tempered and the wild fields were developed, while government-own fields (kueiden) and the fields directly owned by the Emperor (chokushi den) were established.
- これらの記念物は、動物個体にかかわる天然記念物を除くと、いずれも土地にかかわる文化財となっている。
- All cultural properties of such monuments, except for natural monuments relating to individual animals, relate to lands.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施に伴う以下の変更を経て、「中島」を冠称する町名は差引12となっている。
- Afterwards, the number of town names prefixing 'Nakajima' became 12 through the following changes in accordance with the land readjustment project.
- 婚姻や丁稚奉公などで土地を離れる際には寺請証文を起こし、移転先で新たな改帳へ記載することとされた。
- When leaving the domicile in the case of marriage, apprenticeship, etc., a person was required to have terauke shomon (certificate of the family Buddhist temple) and to be registered in new Shumon Ninbetsu Aratame Cho in new address.
- 近世に至ると都市部の旅館(旅籠)では土地の有効利用の目的もあって二階に客間を設けるものが多くなる。
- In the modern period, guest rooms of inns in urban areas came to be built on the second floor to make land space available and to be used more effectively.
- 更に岡山市のように都市の範囲と土地権利の確定が行われて地子が近世を通じて導入されている地域もある。
- And in some areas, including the area which is now called Okayama City, the city boundary and the rights on land were determined, so jishi was imposed on the residents throughout the early modern ages.
- 秀吉の治世としては太閤検地や刀狩令など日本全国の土地や民衆のすべてを管理する中央集権となっている。
- During the reign of Hideyoshi, he established a centralized administrative framework that controlled lands and people all over the country by conducting Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey), giving commands to collect swords, and so forth.
- 武家政権の長は自己の軍事力によって政権を獲得して、封建制度的な土地所有と法律による支配を実施した。
- The head of the military government gained the administrative power by his own military force and governed according to feudalism land ownership and law.
- 明治政府は、農業収入に課税する年貢制ではなく、全土地に課税する地租を導入し、検地は行わなくなった。
- The Meiji government eliminated the old tax system, which taxed the overall agricultural production, and introduced a new nationwide land tax (based on the total amount--not the productivity--of land owned), and with this, kenchi, with their focus on yield, were no longer conducted.
- 戦国時代になると、守護大名に代わった戦国大名は、土地の一円知行をより進めていき、荘園制は崩壊した。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states) daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period who took over Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) further advanced Ichien chigyo, and the manorism collapsed.
- 自らは荘官として土地の実効支配権を持ちながら、一定の税を寄進先の受領層に納めた(職権留保付寄進)。
- Then, these kaihatsu ryoshu paid a certain amount of tax to the zuryo while holding the right to control those donated lands as shokan, or officers governing shoen (donation while retaining authority).
- これは被支配者である農民による階級闘争の結果、支配層から土地所有権を奪取したと評価するものである。
- In this view, they think peasants, who had been unilaterally controlled by rulers, captured land ownership from the rulers as a result of a class struggle.
- なお、寛平・延喜の政策を、律令回帰ではなく土地中心体制への転換準備期と位置づける有力説も存在する。
- There is also another widely accepted theory alleging that the policies in Kanpyo and Engi era were not attempts to return to the Ritsuryo system but preparation for the shift towards the system based on land.
- 1587年10月に北野大茶会が催された北野神社社頭はこの聚楽第のあった内野からほど近い土地にある。
- Kitano Tenman-gu Shrine, where the Kitano Grand Tea Ceremony was held in October 1587, is located nearby Uchino, where Jurakudai was.
- この堂は、別名、北山殿ともいわれ、現在の金閣寺は足利義満が西園寺家よりこの土地を譲られて建てたもの。
- This hall is also called Kitayama-dono Palace, and the current Kinkaku-ji Temple was built by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA after he was given this land by the Saionji Family.
- それぞれ伊勢国(読み人不明)、志摩国(大伴)、淡路国(山部)など、その土地を賛美した歌となっている。
- Each poem admired the land of Ise Province (anonymous), Shima Province (written by OTOMO no Yakamochi), and Awaji Province (written by YAMABE no Akahito).
- 大坂(現在の大阪)のように海に面した土地でも、塩漬け、酒粕などの加工を施した食品がほとんどであった。
- Even in Osaka facing the sea, most of the sea food available was products processed with salt or sake lees.
- 1月には天皇の皇居にあたる大内裏の造営のための二十分の一税などの新税が計画され、土地調査が行われる。
- Also in the first month, plans were released for new taxes, including a 5% tax to fund construction on the Emperor's own palaces within the Daidairi, the Imperial Palace complex, and a land survey was carried out.
- 国土地理院の測量成果による地形図では、東峰に山名の記載があるため、これに従うと標高は693mである。
- The mountain name is written at the position of the east peak in topographic maps based on measurements by the Geographical Survey Institute, therefore, the altitude is 693 meters when based on the maps.
- 「奈良」の語源としては「平らな、平坦な(土地)」を意味する「なら(す)」であるという説が有力である。
- According to the widely accepted theory, the word 'Nara' is derived from 'nara (su)' meaning 'flat or even (land).'
- 忠平執政期ごろに、有力百姓層(富豪層)へ土地経営と納税を請け負わせる名田もしくは負名が開始していた。
- Around the time of Tadahira's administration, Myoden (rice field lots under the control of nominal holders) or Fumyo (tillers of public rice fields) were started; under either system, powerful farmers (the rich class) undertook management of rice fields and tax payments.
- 土地を媒介とした国王・領主・家臣の間の緩い主従関係により形成され、近世以降の絶対王政の中で消失した。
- It consisted of loose, land mediated relations of master to servant among king, feudal lord, and retainer, and disappeared under absolute monarchy in the early-modern times.
- 魏の次の西晋は、土地制度は占田・課田制を新たに布き、兵制・税制は前代の兵戸制・戸調制を概ね継承した。
- The Western Jin Dynasty that followed Wei introduced the zhantian and ketian land systems, with its military and tax systems by and large continuations of the previous systems.
- 壱岐市では掛木古墳や平山古墳など、元々の土地の所有者の名字を古墳名につけると言う特殊な例も見られる。
- In Iki city, there are kofun named after family names of land owners, such as Kakegi Kofun and Hirayama Kofun.
- 農奴は、人口的・経済的な条件が整って逃亡できる見込が立たない限り、土地を放棄することはできなかった。
- The serfs could not abandon the land without the prospect of escaping with the population condition and economical condition.
- 土豪(どごう)とは、広義には広域を支配する領主や在地の大豪族に対して、特定の「土地の小豪族」をさす。
- In a broad sense, dogo refers to 'specific small local clans' as opposed to large regional clans which control wide territories.
- 「職」(しき)とは、元来土地支配上の職務のことであるが、職権に伴う一定の収益権限も「職」と呼ばれた。
- Shiki' originally meant the duty concerning land ruling, but a certain amount of authority on earnings associated with shiki authority was also called 'shiki.'
- 荘園公領制の確立と軌を一にして、在地領主は彼ら同士の土地争いの解決のため武装し、武士となっていった。
- With the establishment of shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estate), the local lords armed themselves to settle their land disputes and began to become samurai.
- 11世紀中期には官物の税率が公田官物率法により「段別三斗」に固定化され土地税としての性質が強まった。
- The Koden kanmotsu rippo (the law fixing the tax rate of Kanmotsu) fixed the tax rate of the Kanmotsu at 'Danbetsu santo' (54 lit. of rice per 10a) in the mid 11th century, by which Kanmotsu increasingly assumed the characteristics of land tax.
- 油汚染対策ガイドライン-鉱油類を含む土壌に起因する油臭・油膜問題への土地所有者等による対応の考え方-
- Guidelines for the Countermeasures against Oil Contamination - Landowner’s Response Policy Concerning Oil Slick and Odor Problems from Mineral Oil Contaminated Soil
- 保護区ごとの保護司の定数は、法務大臣がその土地の人口、経済、犯罪の状況その他の事情を考慮して定める。
- The set number of volunteer probation officers in each probation district shall be determined by the Minister of Justice in consideration of the population, economy, the status of crimes, and other factors of the locality.
- 現在、一部は長町副都心「あすと長町」の範囲に含まれ、土地区画整理事業及びそれに伴う発掘が行われている。
- Now part of the zone is included in the area of 'Asuto-nagamachi,' the Nagamachi subcenter, and a land readjustment project and excavation accompanied by the project have been going on.
- これは中国黄土地帯から飛来する黄砂のことで、雨天の前兆、風による疫病発生を暗示しているものといわれる。
- This soil is the yellow sand flown from the loess zone in China, and the yellow sand is said to have been the sign of rainy weather and an outbreak of plague from the wind.
- 同じアルコール飲料を同じ土地で異なった温度で味わうのを常としているのは、世界的に見て日本酒だけである。
- Sake is the only alcoholic drink in the world which is habitually drunk at different temperatures in the same area.
- その後、平安時代末期以降に勃興した武士階級が、所領とした土地(名田)を名字(苗字)とするようになった。
- Later, the samurai class that suddenly rose to power after the late Heian Period began using their territory land (myoden) as their surname (myoji).
- 困窮した零細農民の土地を集積するなど地主的な側面の強くなる近世後期には後者の面を持つものが多くなった。
- In a second half of the early-modern times, as headmen (naushi or shoya) accumulated lands of impoverished petty peasants, their landowner-like character grew, and those with the latter aspcet increased.
- 安土桃山時代に実施された太閤検地により、一つの土地に対する重層的な支配・権利関係がほぼ全て解消された。
- As a result of the Taiko kenchi (the nationwide land survey done by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) carried out in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the complicated pattern of control and rights over the land were almost entirely dissolved.
- 検地は他の戦国大名も行っていたが、秀吉の太閤検地の特徴は、1つの土地に1人の耕作者のみ認めた点にある。
- The other Sengoku-daimyos also conducted land surveys, but the characteristics of Taiko-kenchi by Hideyoshi was to admit only one cultivator in each land.
- こうした荘官、領家、本家と重層的になった土地支配の構造において、各主体の保有する権利を「職」と呼んだ。
- In the structure of stratified land ruling by shokan, ryoke and honke, the right held by each subject is called 'shiki.'
- 第五十八条第四項及び第五項の規定は、電気事業者が第一項の規定により他人の土地を通行する場合に準用する。
- The provisions of Article 58, paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 shall apply mutatis mutandis where an Electricity Utility passes through another person's land pursuant to paragraph 1.
- 1996年(平成8年)に鎌倉市が土地と建物を取得し、通称旧華頂宮邸として庭園部分が一般に公開されている。
- In 1996 Kamakura City acquired the land and building and the garden is open to the general public with the common name of the former Kachonomiya residence.
- 鉄火塚 - 地境や入山権や土地の所有をめぐって行われた火起請のその紛争地に慰霊や祈念として建立された塚。
- Tekka zuka - a burial mound constructed to comfort spirits of the dead and to offer prayers at the site of higisho disputes over property line, right to enter a mountain, land ownership and so on.
- 刈田狼藉とは土地の所有を主張するために田の稲を刈り取る実力行使であり、武士間の所領紛争に伴って発生した。
- The karita-rozeki, an act of harvesting rice in the paddy field in order to claim the ownership of the land, occurred with the conflicts of land appropriation among samurai.
- 江戸時代の大火で隣村の九鬼ヶ坂村が全滅し、その際に寺院の本尊を当村が、土地を上平屋村が譲り受けたという。
- It is said that, when adjacent village of Kukigasaka-mura (九鬼ヶ坂村) was destroyed by a big fire in the Edo period, the village inherited the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple) of the temple in Kukigasaka-mura and the village of Kamihiraya-mura the land of the Kukigasaka-mura.
- 中国(宋)の寺院では、土地堂(つちどう/どじどう)に道教神を祀ったが、それが日本に伝えられたものである。
- In temples in China (Sung), the Taoism deities were enshrined in Dojido (hall of the guardian deity), and it was conveyed to Japan.
- また、おむすびは「むすぶ」という言葉に、霊を包み込む、土地を守る産土神(うぶすな)を指すという説もある。
- Another theory for omusubi is that the word 'musubu' (tie) indicates ubusuna (a god) who embraces spirits and protects the earth.
- 後期屯田の実施時には、既に北海道の開拓が相当に進展しており、大規模な入植に適した土地が少なくなっていた。
- At the time of the late tondenhei settlements Hokkaido had been reclaimed to a great extent and the land suitable for large-scale immigration had been scarce.
- 屯田兵は家族を連れて入地し、入地前に建てられ用意された「兵屋」なる家と、未開拓の土地とを割り当てられた。
- Tondenhei immigrated with their families and were given a heioku (soldier's house), which had been built and prepared before their immigration, and undeveloped land.
- 建築や不動産関係では土地や床面積の面積として、畳2帖の面積に相当する「坪」が非公式ながら常用されている。
- In the fields of architecture and real estate, 'tsubo' (1 tsubo corresponds to a space of two Japanese tatami mats) is informally but regularly used as a unit for showing the size of land and floor.
- また島津氏の薩摩藩では、およそ田畑にすることは困難であると考えられる土地まで検知帳に載せて徴税を行った。
- In the Satsuma Domain of the Shimazu clan, tax was collected based on the land survey list that even included the land not suitable for rice fields and vegetable fields.
- これに基づいて所領の給与や地頭職・荘官職・有司職への補任などの形式を取って新たな土地財産権が給付された。
- Based on their examination result, they were given land and property rights in the form of the grant of holdings or the appointment to the posts of jito (military estate steward), manor manger, and governmental officer.
- 東北地方の戦国大名は鎌倉時代から代々土地を所有してきた由緒ある一族が、そのまま戦国大名化したものが多い。
- Many of sengoku daimyo in the Tohoku Region were transformed from clans with a long and distinguished history that owned land for generations since the Kamakura period.
- 職の体系(しきのたいけい)とは、日本の歴史上、中世日本における、重層的土地支配構造を指し示す用語である。
- The shiki system is the term to indicate the stratified ruling structure in medieval Japan.
- 中世日本の荘園公領制では、一つの土地に対して、複数の主体がそれぞれ各自の権利を有することが一般的だった。
- Under the shoen koryo sei (social structure of the manorial public territory system) in medieval Japan, it was common for two or more parties to have joint ownership to a piece of land.
- こうした社会状況を受けて、9世紀前期(藤原冬嗣執政期)から土地課税を重視する傾向が次第に強まっていった。
- In response to these social conditions, since the early part of the ninth century (during the period of administration of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu), there was a growing tendency to put emphasize on the tax on land.
- 前四条に定めるもののほか、都市計画事業に対する土地収用法の適用に関しては、次の各号に定めるところによる。
- In addition to what is provided for by the provisions of the preceding four Articles, the application of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act to city planning projects shall be governed by the provisions of the following items.
- 磐余彦は息子の手研耳命とともに熊野の荒坂津に進み丹敷戸畔女賊を誅したが、土地の神の毒気を受け軍衆は倒れた。
- Although Iwarehikono Mikoto went on to Arasaka no tsu in Kumano with his son, Tagishi-miminomikoto, and executed a woman bandit in Nishikitobe, his army was exposed to poisonous air of the God of Land and struck down by illness.
- 国土地理院の測量成果においても、全流域において桂川の表記に統一されており、他の呼称が用いられることはない。
- In the survey by the Geographical Survey Institute, the entire waterway is described as the Katsura-gawa River, and none of the other names mentioned above have been used.
- その後、一部地区で土地区画整理事業実施等に伴う町名町界の変更があり、16町が新たに起立、6町が廃止された。
- After 1980, the names and borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the implementation of land readjustment projects, and sixteen towns were newly created and six towns were abolished.
- さらに『柳営秘鑑』によれば、「風此江戸城、天下の城の格に叶ひ、其土地は四神相応に相叶ゑり」と記されている。
- Moreover, 'Ryueihikan' mentions that 'Winds of the Edo Castle merit the position of the world's castle, and its land coincides with Shijin-so-o topography'.
- これらはその土地の気候・風土によって様々な形態があるが、調理用の常設の炉が世界各地に古くから存在している。
- Although the shape varies depending on the climate and natural weather of the region, permanent fireplaces for cooking have been in existence all over the world for a long time.
- 杜氏の出身地から遠く離れた土地では、蔵元が酒を造りたくても杜氏が確保できないという深刻な事態が起きている。
- Breweries in regions far away from hometowns of toji are currently confronted with a grave situation that they cannot get hold of toji when they want to brew sake.
- 更に村内の個々の土地についての記述を終えた後に村全体の地目・品位ごとの段別集計を行った後に村高を記載する。
- After the above-mentioned items for each plot of land in the village were entered in kenchi-cho, the yield per tan by the land category and that by the land's fertility rank were calculated, and then, muradaka was written into kenchi-cho.
- 開港においては土地を貸借し家屋を造営しあるいは所在する朝鮮人の家屋を賃借することも各人の自由に任せること。
- When ports are opened, people can decide by themselves whether to borrow land and construct their houses, or borrow their houses from Koreans.
- 律令の枠内でも様々な名目で大土地所有が可能となっており、貴族層を中心に荘園が存在していたという事実もある。
- Even within the framework of the Ritsuryo system, it was possible under various pretexts to privately own large tracts of land, so that there existed private estates, owned mainly by families of noble rank.
- また、税制としては、土地面積ごとに一定額の田租を賦課する定額田租と、戸ごとに物納を課する戸調を行っていた。
- The tax system involved the adoption of a flat-rate rice field tax levied on each piece of land, and a tax in kind imposed on each household.
- 李氏朝鮮成立の過程で土地制度の改革が行われ、科田制及び職田制が導入され、多くの既存荘園が没収されていった。
- During the formation process of the Yi Dynasty Korea, the land system was reformed, the rank-land system (kwajonbop) and the 'office land' (chikchon) system were introduced and lots of existing manors were confiscated.
- こうした国家が土地・人民を直接に管理・支配しようとする試みは、のちの均田制にも通じるものであったといえる。
- Such attempts of direct control and management of land and people by the government can be considered to be linked with the Kinden system of later years.
- それぞれの職の保有する取り分を作合(さくあい)といい、このような重層的な土地支配体系を「職の体系」という。
- The share that each shiki had for taxes was called sakuai, and the stratified land ruling like this is called the 'shiki system.'
- 公営田の導入は、人別課税を基本とした律令制支配から土地課税を重視した支配への転換を示す最初期の例であった。
- The introduction of Kueiden was one example of the early changes in which the Ritsuryo system, the individual-based ruling system, turned into a land-based ruling system.
- 土地の所有者は、その所有地の水を通過させるため、高地又は低地の所有者が設けた工作物を使用することができる。
- A landowner may use structures established by owners of higher ground or lower ground in order to cause water from his/her land to pass through the same.
- 構築物(ドック、橋、岸壁、さん橋、軌道、貯水池、坑道、煙突その他土地に定着する土木設備又は工作物をいう。)
- Constructions (which means docks, bridges, quays, piers, tracks, reservoirs, tunnels, chimneys and other civil engineering equipment or structures fixed on land);
- このような相違は、国家権力の強さ、土地私有性および交換経済の発展の状態などの相違を反映させたものとみられる。
- Such differences may have been a reflection of the strength in government power and the state of development of a system for private ownership of land and an exchange economy.
- 王朝国家体制の下では、国家から土地経営や人民支配の権限を委譲された有力百姓(田堵・名主)層の成長が見られた。
- Under this system, influential farmers, (Tato: farm managers who lease public fields from provincial lords and produce agricultural products; and Myoshu: owners of rice fields) to whom the management of land and control of people was transmitted from the government, became powerful.
- ただ、雨季が訪れる土地は世界中に多くあるが、梅雨はそれほど雨足の強くない雨が長期に亘って続く点に特徴がある。
- There are many countries in the world which have rainy season, but baiu is characterized by the fact that not so heavy rain lasts for a long period of time.
- その代わり、土地を捨てて集団で逃げる「逃散(ちょうさん)」あるいは「欠落(かけおち)」ということが行われた。
- Instead, they abandoned the land and escaped in groups as 'Chosan' or 'Kakeochi' (escape and disappear).
- そして中には郊外の広い土地に藩邸を移して軍事的機能を持たせて政治状況の変動に対応しようとした有力藩もあった。
- Some powerful Han (domains) tried to cope with the changing of political situations by equipping themselves with military capabilities moving their Hantei to some large plot of land in the suburbs.
- よって、土地の条件によって1反の面積は異なることになるが、同じ反数であれば同じくらいの収穫があることになる。
- For that reason, although an area of 1 tan differs depending on the land's condition, lands with same numbers of tan can produce similar amount of crops.
- 耕作者は奴婢と土地の無い良民であったが、彼らは5割にものぼる小作料の他、運送・飲食代など諸経費も徴収された。
- The cultivators were the farmers, who did not have slaves and lands, but up to fifty percent of the farm rent and miscellaneous expenses such as shipping costs or dining and wining costs were also levied on them.
- このため国家による租税徴収体制は、律令制的な人的支配の枠組みから中世的な土地支配の枠組みへと移行していった。
- Therefore, the land tax collection system by the ancient government moved from the framework based on the rule over people under the Ritsuryo system into the one on medieval land ruling.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると、守護大名に代わった戦国大名は、土地の一円知行をより進めていき、荘園制は崩壊した。
- In the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords as provincial constables) were replaced with sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and the shoen system (manorialism) collapsed because sengoku daimyo further advanced ichien chigyo of lands.
- 太閤検地によって土地に対する重層的な権利関係が解消されると、刈田狼藉という行為も概念も次第に消失していった。
- Once the multilayered relation of the rights to land were dissolved as a result of Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), both the act and concept of karita-rozeki gradually disappeared.
- 明治維新を迎えると、国家近代化の中で、武士による土地・収取支配は廃止され、知行の概念も消滅することとなった。
- During the Meiji period, the control of land and of collecting taxes by samurai was abolished in the trend of modernizing the nation, and the concept of chigyo disappeared.
- 溝、堀その他の水流地の所有者は、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときは、その水路又は幅員を変更してはならない。
- An owner of land containing a stream including a channel or moat may not change the course or width of the same if the land on the other side is owned by others.
- 借地権の存続期間が満了した後、借地権者が土地の使用を継続するときも、建物がある場合に限り、前項と同様とする。
- The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall also apply when the Land Lease Right Holder continues to make use of the land after the expiration of the duration of the Land Lease Right, limited to cases where there is a building.
- 前条第四項、第五項及び第七項本文の規定は、電気事業者が第一項の規定により他人の土地に立ち入る場合に準用する。
- The provisions of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 of the preceding Article and the main clause of paragraph 7 of the said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis where an Electricity Utility enters another person's land pursuant to paragraph 1.
- 寛永寺の末寺である深大寺の寺領は土地が痩せ稲作に向かなかったため、小作人はかわりに蕎麦を栽培し寺に納めていた。
- As the land owned by Jindai-ji Temple, a branch temple of Kanei-ji Temple, was not suitable for rice farming because it was so infertile, kosakunin (tenant farmers) used to cultivate buckwheat and deliver it to the temple.
- その2年後に顕如が豊臣秀吉の斡旋で京都七条通に西本願寺を再興すると、その南隣に土地を与えられ興正寺を再建した。
- Two years later, when his father Kennyo restored Nishi Hongan-ji Temple at Shichijo-dori Street, Kyoto, through mediation of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Kenson was given land next to the Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, where he reconstructed Kosho-ji Temple.
- 戦後は上方落語の復興機運が高まるとともに、ミナミに戎橋松竹が開場(千土地興行(後の日本ドリーム観光)が経営)。
- After the war, as momentum for restoring Kamigata rakugo heightened, the Ebisubashi Shochiku theater (of Sentochi Kogyo (later Nippon Dream Kanko)) opened in Minami (the southern area of Osaka City).
- 笹井が自ら経営する賃貸物件の土地建物を売却して調達した2万円を経理部長の田丸に渡し、全従業員の年末賞与とした。
- Sasai delivered 20,000 yen, which he secured by selling the land and building he owned for rental business, to the accounting manager Tamaru, and this money was used for the year end bonus for employees.
- これに対して未開地(未墾地)は荒地、災害によって一時的に利用が困難となった土地は損田と呼ばれて区別されている。
- Opposed to this, non-cultivated, undeveloped lands were called Kochi, and property made temporarily unavailable due to disasters was called Sonden to distinguish the difference.
- 更に浮浪・逃亡により持ち主不在になった土地は寺社や有力貴族の荘園、公領と化し、中央財源減少に拍車をかけていた。
- In addition, lands of absentee owners due to vagrancy and getaway transformed into shoen (manor in medieval Japan) and koryo (an Imperial demesne) that belonged to temples, shrines and the influential nobility, and thus accelerated the decrease of the central government's financial resources.
- 鎌倉幕府における関東御分国に当たるような土地を持てなかった室町幕府にとってこれらの収入は大きな役割を果たした。
- These incomes played an important role for the Muromachi bakufu, which was unable to own land equivalent to Kantogobunkoku (provincial territories belonging to the Kamakura bakufu).
- まず、公田を支配していた国衙が、当時台頭しつつあった田堵と連携して、土地を収取単位とする支配体制を築き始めた。
- First, the kokuga (provincial government office) that governed public fields, together with the 'tato' who were rapidly gaining power, established a control system of imposing and collecting taxes based on land units.
- しかし土地柄辰巳芸者のお得意客の多くは人情に厚い粋な職人達でその好みが辰巳芸者の身なりや考え方に反映されている。
- Most of the regular customers of Tatsumi Geisha were heartful and fashionable artisans who were typical in Fukagawa, so their tastes affected the style and manner of Tatsumi Geisha.
- この守護請によって、守護は土地自体を支配する権利、すなわち下地進止権(したじしんしけん)を獲得していくのである。
- With this shugo-uke, the shugo obtained the right to govern the land itself, i.e., the shitaji-shinshi-ken (the right to appropriate the land).
- 大映京都撮影所は大映映画撮影所(貸しスタジオ)となるなど、土地資産の売却や人材のリストラで負債を減らしていった。
- Daiei Kyoto Movie Studio also managed to slash its debts by turning into a rental studio, selling real estate it owned and streamlining its work force.
- 初期は倹約と藩札発布が主であったが、18世紀中盤になると塩・陶器などの土地産物の専売制がかなりの藩で実施される。
- Initial policies were mainly the order to encourage a frugal life and the issue of local paper currency, but in the middle of the 18th century a monopoly system of local specialties, such as salt and ceramics, was introduced in many domains.
- 過去の経験の蓄積、良好な土地選定、農民出身者が多かったことなど、好条件が重なり、後期屯田の経営は好成績を収めた。
- Under favorable conditions such as accumulated past experiences, favorable land choices and a large number of former farmers, the management of the late-period tondenei settlements gained good results.
- しかし対馬は土地が痩せ島内で過剰人口を吸収できず、交易従事者のみならず三浦に定住する日本人(恒居倭)が出現する。
- However, since Tsushima had such poor land that it could not absorb the surplus population within the territory, some Japanese people as well as people involved in trading began to settle in Sanpo, and these people were called kokyowa.
- 唐代の部曲がヨーロッパの農奴に相当していたが、晩唐以後の混乱によって部曲が自立して一円的な大土地所有も分解した。
- The buqus during the Tang dynasty corresponded to the serfs in Europe, but during the chaos after the late Tang dynasty buqus became independent and the large landholding widely collapsed.
- 裁判所の土地の管轄が不動産所在地によつて定まる場合には、漁場に最も近い沿岸の属する市町村を不動産所在地とみなす。
- In the case where the jurisdiction of a court concerning land is decided by the location of a real property, the municipality to which the coast nearest to the fishing ground belongs shall be deemed to be the location of the real property.
- 深い渓谷にある月瀬の村々には耕作地として利用できる土地に乏しく、厳しく取り立てられる上納米を納める余裕がなかった。
- As the villages in Tsukigase which were situated in deep valleys did not have enough land to grow crops, villagers could not afford to provide the government with the tribute rice which was strictly collected.
- 旧市街地でもある福知山の城下町は、明智光秀が地子銭と呼ばれる土地税を免除したことなどから、早くから商工業が栄えた。
- In the castle town in Fukuchiyama which is also the old urban area, commerce and industry managed to flourish early on due to Mitsuhide AKECHI, who did not impose the Jishisen tax.
- 受領層は彼ら田堵(=開発領主)を荘官に任命し、その土地の実効支配権を認める代わりに、荘官から一定の税収を受け取る。
- The Juryoso (career provincial official class) assigned the Tato (cultivators) (=Kaihatsu-ryoshu) to Shokan (a general term for a variety of shoen (manor) officials responsible for the management and assignment of duties, tax collection, and protection of shoen) and collected certain tax revenues from the Shokan in exchange for recognizing their effective authorities for the lands.
- 以後、土地区画整理事業に伴う町界の変更、一部新町名の設置等はあるが、上述の302町は2009年現在も存続している。
- After that, although the borders of some towns were changed and some new towns were created in accordance with the land readjustment project, the above-mentioned 302 towns still exist in 2009.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施に伴う以下のような町名町界の変更があり、「牛ケ瀬」を冠称する町名は計15となっている。
- Then, the names and borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the implementation of land readjustment projects to be mentioned later, therefore, there are fifteen towns which are prefixed by the name of 'Ushigase' at present.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施に伴う以下のような町名町界の変更があり、「下津林」を冠称する町名は計17となっている。
- Then, the names and borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the implementation of land readjustment projects to be mentioned later, therefore, there are seventeen towns which are prefixed by the name 'Shimotsubayashi.'
- やがて、京都以外の土地でも酒屋が出現するようになり、こういうところで造られた酒が京都の酒市場に出回るようになった。
- Soon, sake breweries appeared in various places other than Kyoto and the sake produced there came to be distributed in the sake market of Kyoto.
- このように、合理的、論理的な面が目立つが、これは町人社会が成熟していた大阪という土地の特色も関係が有ると思われる。
- As seen above, the rational and logical aspects are conspicuous, and it is thought this has a certain relationship with characteristics of Osaka, where a merchant society had matured.
- 土地などの対象物件を一定期間に限って売却して代価を受け取り、契約期間満了後には自動的に売主に権利が戻る契約である。
- Under a nenki-uri contract, the thing being sold, be it land or something else, was sold to the buyer for a certain fixed interval in exchange for an agreed-upon price the seller would receive, and upon expiration of the length of time stipulated in the contract, the object would automatically revert to the control of the seller.
- 757年(天平宝字元年)に仲麻呂の子藤原朝狩が陸奥守となり、新たに勢力外だった土地に桃生城および雄勝城を建設した。
- In 757, FUJIWARA no Asakari, a son of Nakamaro, was appointed Mutsu no kami (the governor of Mutsu Province) newly building Momonou-jo Castle and Okachinoki Castle in an area which was formerly out of their control.
- 萩古丁銀(はぎこちょうぎん):無銘の丁銀で石州丁銀(せきしゅうちょうぎん)ともいい、出土地にちなみ萩市と称される。
- Hagiko Chogin: Chogin without a hallmark, also called as Sekishu Chogin, are thought to be made in Hagi City.
- 佃戸は荘客・地客・佃僕・客戸とも呼ばれ、中には自己の土地を持つ自作農が生活の資のために佃戸の役目を担う例もあった。
- The denko was also called shokyaku, jikyaku, tsukudaboku, kyakko and among them some independent farmers who had his own land played a role of denko for a living.
- 境界標の設置及び保存の費用は、相隣者が等しい割合で負担する。ただし、測量の費用は、その土地の広狭に応じて分担する。
- The expenses of installation and preservation of boundary markers shall be borne equally by neighbors; provided, however, that measuring expenses shall be borne in proportion to the sizes of the relevant land parcels.
- 都市計画事業については、これを土地収用法第三条各号の一に規定する事業に該当するものとみなし、同法の規定を適用する。
- City planning projects shall be deemed to be projects falling under one of the items of Article 3 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act and the provisions of the same Act shall apply to them.
- 第一項の規定により一時使用しようとする土地等が居住の用に供されているときは、その居住者の承諾を得なければならない。
- Where the Land, etc. to be used temporarily under paragraph 1 is in use for residential purpose, consent shall be obtained from the resident.
- 法的な土地所有者と現地における実際の権利関係が錯綜して安定していなかった古代・中世期にはこうした現象は多く存在した。
- This phenomenon often occurred during ancient times and the Middle Ages, when the rights of a legal land owner and an actual lord of the land were intricate and unstable.
- また一部都市では、錯綜する土地権利ゆえ賦課者が確定できず、地子に代わる新しい都市税制を導入したとみられる場所もある。
- In some cities, the rights on land were so complicated that it was impossible to determine who should bear the burden, and instead, a new tax system of the city seems to have been introduced.
- 傾斜がきつい土地で、耕作単位が狭い田が規則的に集積し、それらが一望の下にある場合は千枚田(せんまいだ)とも呼ばれる。
- A group of small rice fields regularly assembled on a steep slope, all of which can be seen at a glance, are also called Senmai-da, or thousand rice fields.
- 常荒田については希望者に賃租(律令では、公田6年・私田3年)して特典を付けて再開発を奨励して土地の維持を図っている。
- There was a push for redevelopment and maintaining fields, so Jyokoden were chinso (leased to farmers, 6 years for Koden and 3 years for Shiden under the Ritsuryo system) and benefits were given to those who requested.
- だが、平安時代に入ると、荘園の拡大によって租税の徴収が困難になった国司がそうした土地を荒田として届け出る例があった。
- However, with the enlargement of Shoen (private estates) in the Heian period, it became harder for the Kokushi (officers of local government) to collect taxes and there were cases where kokushi would report such property as koden.
- 土地の面積の単位の反、段は、面積の基本単位である坪(坪)の倍量単位であり、現在は10畝(300歩)と定義されている。
- Tan as a unit of land area is a unit of multiples for tsubo (unit of land measurement; 1 tsubo is 3.31 square meters) which is the standard unit of area, and is now defined as 10 se (unit of area, 1 se is equal to 30 tsubo, about 99.174 square meters; 300 bu [歩; unit of land measurement; 1 bu is equal to 3.31 square meters]; 991.74 square meters).
- また、全ての荘園領主が在俗者だった訳ではなく、司教や修道院長が領主として貢納を伴う土地所有を行っていた例も見られる。
- And all the lords of shoen were not secular men and some bishops or abbots owned lands with tributes as lords.
- ここに、律令国家体制期が終わり、土地課税を基本原則とする新たな支配体制、すなわち王朝国家体制が出現することとなった。
- At that time, the system of the nation under the Ritsuryo codes ceased to exist and the new regime which adopted the principle of tax on land, namely Dynastic polity, was established.
- 最終的には太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、本家、領家という地位も消滅したことになる。
- In the end, as a result of taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), the right to a particular area of land was granted only to the cultivator of that land, and positions such as honke and ryoke disappeared.
- その後、太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- After that, based on the Taiko kenchi, only new cultivator's rights became effective, resulting in the disappearance of the old multilayered land governance structure in both reality and in name.
- 行基は畿内を中心とした各地で布教活動を行っていたことから、近畿地方を中心として各地に縁の地とされる土地が存在している。
- Because Gyoki promulgated Buddhism in various places, mainly in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), there are a lot of places associated with him in the Kinki region as well as other places.
- この間、佐渡島に4年間、日向(宮崎県)に7年間留まったのを例外として、1つの土地に長く留まることなく、全国を遍歴した。
- He did not stay in one place for long and wandered about the whole country, with the exception of four years on Sadoga-shima Island and seven years in Hyuga (today's Miyazaki Prefecture).
- 頼山陽(らいさんよう)(1780-1832)が「伊丹酒の酒で琵琶湖の魚が食べられる土地ならどこでも仕官する」と言った。
- He said, 'I will be an officer for every office where I can eat fish of Lake Biwa with Itami sake.'
- 検注目録(けんちゅうもくろく)は、検注帳の明細にあたる文書で荘園領主の元で保管されて土地支配や徴税の際の参考にされた。
- Kenchu mokuroku was an accounting document in the kenchucho which was kept by the manor owners for the purpose of governing their lands and imposing taxes.
- その反面、農家が土地を収奪され、困窮した人々が満州や日本国内、沿海州などへ移住する結果となってしまったとする論もある。
- Some argued that, on the other hand, peasants were deprived of their land, and impoverished people ended up moving to Manchuria, the mainland in Japan and Russian Maritime Province.
- この場合、琉球や台湾などを含め「中国から東の海を隔てた土地から来る人々」を総称する漠然とした呼称でもあったようである。
- In that case, it was a vague name generally referring to 'the people coming from the land including Ryukyu and Taiwan separated by the eastern sea of China.'
- ただ、大名は支配土地を自由自在に支配できたわけではなく、幕府からは大目付が発する監察使にその行政を監視規制されていた。
- However, daimyo was not allowed to administer the fief at their own will, and put under the surveillance of inspectors who were sent by the chief inspector in Edo (ometsuke).
- 中国政府や地方政府が土地の乾燥化に拍車をかけるような政策をとるなどして、乾燥地域の拡大につながっているとの指摘もある。
- It is pointed out that both central and local governments of China have employed policies to accelerate the extent of making the land drier, leading to the expansion of dry area.
- 村の住民(百姓など)が集団で荘園から退去して一時的に他の土地へ逃げ込み、領主に対して年貢軽減や代官の罷免などを求める。
- Village residents (such as peasants) would leave manors en masse and temporarily take refuge in other areas where they would make demand that the feudal lord take actions such as the reduction of land taxes and the dismissal of the local governor.
- 荘園(しょうえん)とは、公的支配を受けない(あるいは公的支配を極力制限した)一定規模以上の私的所有・経営の土地である。
- Shoen refers to the privately owned or managed land which was over a certain scale and not under public governance (or limiting the public governance as much as possible).
- 王朝国家体制の特質は、律令国家体制が基調としていた個別人身支配を放棄し、土地に対する課税・支配を基調とした点にあった。
- What characterized the Dynastic polity regime was the adoption of the principle of tax on land as a replacement for the principle of people-based governance, which had been the basic principle of the Ritsuryo regime.
- このとき、課税単位へ編成された土地を名田(みょうでん)といい、名田経営を請け負った者が「負名」と呼ばれるようになった。
- The land that was reorganized into a unit of taxation on that occasion was called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and the contractor for the management of the myoden was called 'fumyo.'
- 10世紀ごろ、朝廷は律令制に由来する人別支配体制を放棄し、土地課税に基礎をおく支配体制(王朝国家体制)へとシフトした。
- Around the tenth century, the Imperial Court abandoned the system of ruling over people which had originated in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and moved to a system based of taxation of land (the system of the dynasty state).
- 漁業者は、必要があるときは、都道府県知事の許可を受けて、特別の用途のない他人の土地に立ち入つて漁業を営むことができる。
- A fishery manager may enter other persons' land not used especially and operate a fishery, if permitted by the Governor concerned, when necessary.
- そのため軍事的に重要な土地であり、その記録が残されていることは、すべて当時の西域経営を直接的に物語ることになるのである。
- It was therefore the militarily important area and the fact that the records remained will directly indicate all of administration of the western region of the time.
- 豊臣秀吉の時代になると、天正19年(1591年)に、顕如は京都中央部(京都七条堀川)に土地を与えられ、本願寺を再興した。
- In the days of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, in 1591, Kennyo was given land in the center of Kyoto (Shichijo-Horikawa, Kyoto City) and reconstructed Hongan-ji Temple.
- 発掘調査では、掘立柱建物や倉庫、井戸、土地の区画や排水のための溝、水を溜めたりゴミを捨てるための穴などが見つかっている。
- From investigations based on excavation, the following were found: Dug-standing pillar buildings, warehouses, wells, ditches for partitioning the land area or for drainage, and holes to store water or to dump garbage.
- 他の芸人も楽屋でよく心霊的な現象を体験したと語っているが、この土地は寺に囲まれており、かつて墓場であったといわれていた。
- Other entertainers often mentioned that they also experienced psychical phenomena in the dressing rooms, while the land in which the theater stood was surrounded by temples and was said to have been a cemetery before.
- 名寄帳(なよせちょう)は検注帳や検注目録が土地を基準にして集計しているのに対して、名請人ごとに田地を集計した帳簿である。
- Nayosecho was an accounting document which tallied the information on the cultivated fields according to each naukenin, as opposed to kenchucho and kenchumokuroku which tallied according to the number of units of the land.
- 土地課税を重視する考えは9世紀前期の藤原冬嗣執政期の頃から存在していたが、個別人身支配の原則を覆すまでには至らなかった。
- Although the idea of emphasizing tax on land existed in the era when FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu was in power during the first half of the 9th century, it stopped short of reversing the principle of people-based governance.
- 最終的には太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- Eventually, by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), only the right of direct cultivator was admitted to the land, and the previous stratified ruling structure disappeared both in name and reality.
- 再生債務者が住宅の所有権又は住宅の用に供されている土地を住宅の所有のために使用する権利を失うこととなると見込まれるとき。
- Where the rehabilitation debtor is likely to lose his/her ownership in the residence or the right to use the land, which is currently used for the residence, for the purpose of owning the residence.
- 前項の場合においては、土地の所有者は、鉱業権者に対して、補償金について相当の担保を提供すべきことを請求することができる。
- In the case specified in the preceding paragraph, the landowner may request a holder of mining right to provide a reasonable security with respect to compensation.
- 普請においてその町に住むものはその土地の鳶職を使うのが不文律でありそれをたがえる時はそれなりの理由と挨拶が欠かせなかった。
- In construction industry, it was an unwritten law that people hire their own local tobishoku if they live in the same town, or if not, they had to have a decent excuse or offer some apologies.
- この動きを被官化というが、こうして守護は、土地の面でも人的面でも、国内に領域的かつ均一な影響力(一円支配)を強めていった。
- This entire process is called 'hikanka' (被官化), and with it the shugo increased their equal, territorial influence (pervasive control) over the province.
- 経済的には、地方の在地領主である武士の土地所有制度が法的に安定したため、全国的に開墾がすすみ、質実剛健な鎌倉文化が栄えた。
- Economically, the system by which warriors, the de facto landowners in rural areas, could own and control land had now been legally stabilized, sparking a country-wide cultivation of land and leading to a vigorous flourishing of Kamakura culture.
- こうした屈曲にΩ字状に囲まれた土地は環流丘陵を構成するが、水害防止の観点から水路を短絡させる工事が行われている箇所もある。
- The omega-shaped lands surrounded by such flections usually form cut-off hills, however, some places like are re-formed by people to built short paths of water for the prevention of flood.
- なお、「吉祥院嶋堂ノ裏」は、当地区の土地区画整理事業実施後は、ごく狭小な町域となっており、一般の地図には収録されていない。
- Incidentally, 'Kisshoin Shima Donoura' has become so tiny an area that it is not shown on general maps since land readjustments were carried out therein.
- 運悪く知行の土地は他人にとられ、そののち朝廷からの沙汰もはかばかしくなく、むなしく貧困に窮したというのが、あらすじである。
- Unfortunately, his chigyo no tochi (territory) was taken by a stranger, and he fell into poverty as the instructions from the imperial court related to this incident were not effective.
- 歌の歌詞は「七草なずな 唐土の鳥が、日本の土地に、渡らぬ先に、合わせて、バタクサバタクサ」など地方により多少の違いがある。
- The lyrics of the accompanying song are like this: 'Seven herbs, shepherd's purse, birds from China, towards the land of Japan, towards the place where they do not cross to, now together, Batakusa Batakusa ('Nanakusa nazuna toudo no tori ga, nihon no tochi ni, wataranusaki ni, awasete, Batakusa Batakusa)'; the song varies, depending on the area.
- その後の武士は、知行地を与えられてもその土地と私的な関係を結ぶことは許されなくなり、惣国一揆が再び芽生えることはなかった。
- The samurai after that were not allowed to have a private relationship with the land which was given to him as chigyo-chi (territory), and sokoku ikki was never seen.
- 転封という概念が加わり、旧領や大名・旗本の先祖代々の土地に縛られず、幕府の意向により領国そのものを異動させる制度が出来た。
- Added to this was the conceptual system of forced relocation in which the Shogunate moved the territories of feudal lords at its discretion regardless of the former territories or ancestral lands of daimyo or hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu).
- 戦国大名は、ほぼ恒常的に相互間の戦闘を繰り返すとともに、領国内の土地や人を一円支配(一元的な支配)する傾向を強めていった。
- Sengoku daimyo repeated battles among them almost constantly and strengthened the tendency to rule monitically (centralized control) land and people in their own territory.
- これで、従来の荘園に見られた重層的な土地所有関係がすべて解消され、奈良時代に始まった荘園はここで終焉を迎えることとなった。
- Thus, the multilayered land ownership relationships as seen in the traditional shoens were all dissolved and the shoen, which had began during the Nara period, finally ended.
- 舞鶴は山地が多いため、敷地開削工事には莫大な費用を要したが、1899年(明治32年)末には、土地造成工事がほぼ出来上がった。
- Although the road work for the building site incurred a huge cost due to the mountainous geography of Maizuru, the land reclamation work had been almost completed at the end of 1899.
- 荘園公領制(しょうえんこうりょうせい)とは、日本の中世日本における、荘園と公領を土台とした、重層的土地支配構造のことである。
- The Shoen-Koryo system was a multilayered land governance structure which was grounded in shoen (manors) and lands under the control of the koryo (feudal government) in medieval times in Japan.
- 第十五番観音の手前には開けた土地があり、『めぐり』に「花折茶屋」と記された場所であるが、その名残は六字名号供養塔のみである。
- Before meeting the 15th Kannon-zo, there is an open space which was described as 'Hanaori-jaya Teahouse' in 'Meguri,' however today there remains only Rokuji-no-myogo Kuyoto (a stone monument engraved a prayer to Buddha).
- 開発のコンセプトとしては、次のような観点から気候や土壌などそれぞれの土地柄に合っていること、すなわち現地適応性が模索される。
- As the concept of development, from the following points of view, they seek local adaptability or, in other words, suitability for the local climate and soil.
- 明治2年6月17日 (旧暦)(1869年7月25日)、274大名に版籍奉還が行われ土地と人民は明治政府の所轄する所となった。
- After hanseki-hokan (return of lands and people to the emperor) was ordered to 247 daimyo (feudal lords) on July 25, 1869, the Meiji government became the ruler of the lands and people.
- 契約の更新の後に建物の滅失があった場合においては、借地権者は、地上権の放棄又は土地の賃貸借の解約の申入れをすることができる。
- In cases where the buildings are lost after the contract has been renewed, the Land Lease Right Holder may request that the superficies be waived or that the land lease be terminated.
- 借地権設定者は、弁済期の到来した最後の二年分の地代等について、借地権者がその土地において所有する建物の上に先取特権を有する。
- With respect to the final two years of Rent, etc. the term of which has become due, the Lessor shall have a statutory lien on the buildings that the Land Lease Right Holder owns on that land.
- 奈良町の魅力は何世代にもわたる住民の生活習慣や文化的伝統が土地柄に染み込み、路地に息づく庶民的な暮らしが現在に継承されている。
- Attraction of Naramachi is that lifestyle and cultural tradition of its residents have been ingrained in the character of the locality for generations and the livelihood of ordinary people that remain vibrant today.
- 企業の業務が休みとなる、いわゆるお盆休みは、その土地のお盆の期間に関わらず、日本全国どこでも8月中に行われるのが一般的である。
- Most companies throughout Japan have their holidays, known as the Obon holidays, during August, regardless of the local Bon festival period.
- 「御恩」には所領支配を保障する本領安堵(ほんりょうあんど)と新たな土地給与である新恩給与(しんおんきゅうよ)の2種類があった。
- Favors consisted of both honryo-ando (acknowledgment of inherited estates) and shinon-kyuyo (the granting new domains).
- 院政期において、土地領有や売買貸借を巡る訴訟の増加や治安の悪化への対策としての取締強化によって再び明法道が興隆するようになる。
- In the period of Insei (rule by a retired emperor), Myohodo flourished again in response to increasing cases about land possession and buying, selling, loan and growing security concerns.
- 例えば、寺院では寺院の住持の交替の際に仏具・法具などの什器や文書などの一覧を記した資財帳や土地を記した水陸田目録が作成された。
- At temples, for example, books of materials were drawn up, in which Buddhist altar fittings, ritual implements and documents were listed as well as a list of paddy fields and farmland.
- 刈田狼藉(かりたろうぜき、かったろうぜき)は、中世日本において土地の知行などを主張するために田の稲を刈り取った実力行使をいう。
- Karita-rozeki or Katta-rozeki (刈田狼藉) means to harvest rice crops illegally in order to claim chigyo (tenure) to land# in medieval Japan.
- これに伴い、平安前期の弘仁貞観期(9世紀)には、政府の租税方針も律令が当初想定していた人への課税から土地への課税へと転換した。
- Therefore, in the Konin-Jogan eras in the early Heian period (the ninth century), the taxes policy of the government was converted from taxation on people, which was the initial policy mapped out under the Ritsuryo codes, to the taxation on lands.
- 延喜年間に里倉負名体制は負名体制に移行し、公的租税としての正税及び公出挙に代わり官物として一括して土地に賦課する方式となった。
- After the Riso-fumyo system was switched to the Fumyo system (local tax manager system), the tax was comprehensively imposed on lands as Kanmotsu (tribute paid as taxes), instead of Shozei and Ku-Suiko, both of which were regarded as the official land taxes.
- 第二百七十四条から第二百七十六条までの規定は、地上権者が土地の所有者に定期の地代を支払わなければならない場合について準用する。
- The provisions of Articles 274 through 276 shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the superficiary must pay periodical rent to the owners of the land.
- その土地が住宅の用、事業の用に供する施設の用その他の用途に供されていないことその他の政令で定める要件に該当するものであること。
- The land is not used for residential or business facilities or other uses, and it conforms to other conditions specified by Cabinet Order;
- 電気事業者は、電気事業の用に供する電線路に関する工事又は電線路の維持のため必要があるときは、他人の土地を通行することができる。
- An Electricity Utility may, when it is necessary in order to implement a construction project with regard to Electric Lines to be used for an Electricity Business or maintain Electric Lines, pass through another person's land.
- 現在の橿原市は、ヤマト王権から飛鳥朝廷にかけ上代の発祥地として由緒ある土地柄であり、今井町はその北西方に東西に長く位置している。
- The area known as Kashihara City today has a long and distinguished history, being the birthplace of ancient times from days of the Yamato Sovereignty to Asuka Imperial Court and Imai-cho stretches from east to west to the northwest of that city.
- 1975年(昭和50年)の文化財保護法改正により、建造物とともにその所在する土地を重要文化財に指定することができるようになった。
- With the 1975 revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a building and its land could be designated as an important cultural property.
- 殷代の封建された土地について地名を特定しようという研究が続いており、さまざまな説が唱えられているがはっきりしたことはわからない。
- Studies have been going on to identify the name of lands granted in the Yin period and various views are advocated, but nothing clear is known.
- 江戸時代に入り、各寺社がかつて領有していた土地の一部が寺社に返還され、幕府・大名より朱印状・黒印状によってその所領が安堵された。
- In the Edo period, some lands that were formerly owned by temples/shrines were returned to them and secured by the bakufu/daimyo with shuinjo/kokuinjo.
- 筆界特定登記官が次の各号のいずれかに該当する者であるときは、当該筆界特定登記官は、対象土地について筆界特定を行うことができない。
- When a registrar for parcel boundary demarcation falls under any of the following items, the registrar for parcel boundary demarcation may not make a parcel boundary demarcation for the subject parcels:
- 借地権は、その登記がなくても、土地の上に借地権者が登記されている建物を所有するときは、これをもって第三者に対抗することができる。
- Even if the Land Lease Right is not registered, when the Land Lease Right Holder possesses registered buildings on the land, the Land Lease Right may be asserted against a third party.
- 裁判所は、前三項の裁判をするには、借地権の残存期間、土地の状況、借地に関する従前の経過その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。
- When rendering the judicial decision set forth in preceding three paragraphs, the court shall consider the remaining period of the Land Lease Right, the condition of the land, the prior history concerning the leased land, and all other circumstances.
- 前三条の行為をする者は、あらかじめその旨を土地の所有者又は占有者に通知し、且つ、これによつて生じた損失を補償しなければならない。
- A person who acts pursuant to the preceding three Article shall notify the owner or possessor of land to that effect in advance, and shall compensate for the loss caused by the action.
- この中山茶臼山古墳(正式名称:大吉備津彦命墓)は土地の人々には御陵や御廟と呼ばれており現在では宮内庁の所管地として管理されている。
- This Nakayama Chausu-yama Tomb (official name: Okibitsuhiko no Mikoto no Haka) is called the Misasagi (Imperial mausoleum) or Gobyo (mausoleum for nobles) by local people, and is currently managed under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Agency.
- しかしながら、その土地に鍛冶の工房があり、町名や村名や字(あざな)が鉄火や鍛冶であることから、たんに鉄火という塚がある場合もある。
- In some cases, however, burial mounds named tekka exist only because the area had smithies and the name of the town, villages or commonly used name of the area was Tekka or Kaji (smith).
- 吉野山の山頂とされる地点は、国土地理院発行の地勢図には示されておらず、各出版社が発行する地図によっては位置や標高がまちまちである。
- Geographic maps published by the Geographical Survey Institute do not show where the summit of Mt. Yoshino is, and each map of each publisher presents the summit at different locations at different altitudes.
- さらに、商人町でせっかちな人が多く食事を早く済ませたい要望が多かった土地柄を反映して、調理時間を短縮するために茹で置きが広まった。
- Besides, reflecting the characteristic of this commercial area where lots of impatient people desired to finish meals as quick as possible, noodles were generally boiled beforehand to shorten cooking time.
- 構成としては池を中心にして、土地の起伏を生かすか、築山を築いて、庭石や草木を配し、四季折々に鑑賞できる景色を造るのが一般的である。
- Construction of Nihon teien generally utilizes undulations of the ground or building a miniature mountain, locating a pond at the center of it, and arranging garden stones and plants so that viewers can appreciate the scenery in all seasons.
- 近い長さの単位に間(けん;1間=6尺)があるが、間が土地の測量や距離の計測に用いられたのに対し、丈は物の長さを計るのに用いられた。
- Ken' (1ken = 6 shaku) is a similar unit of length, but while ken was used for surveying the land or measuring the distance, jo was used for measuring the length of objects.
- 平均してみれば、領地(領主の直轄地)は耕地可能な土地のおよそ3分の1を占有し、農奴の保有地はそれよりも広いというケースが多かった。
- On average, the land (the land directly controlled by the lords) occupied more than one-third of the cultivatable lands and the lands owned by serfs were wider than these.
- この説によると、延喜の班田励行は租税の額の確定を目的としたものであり、来るべき土地への課税を前提とした制度改革であったこととなる。
- According this theory, the enforcement of handen was intended to determine the land tax amount and it was a system reform focused on the coming taxation of land.
- しかし、安土桃山時代になると、太閤検地などを通じて土地所有関係が大きく整理されたため、出挙は近世に入るまでに消滅したとされている。
- However, after the several matters relating to land ownership were drastically controlled through Taiko-kenchi (the land surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) and other systems in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Suiko is believed to have been abolished by the beginning of the early-modern times.
- 江戸時代においては、大名が幕府より土地を与えられて江戸城近辺や郊外に構えたもの、また、各大名の事情により大坂や京都にも構えられた。
- In the Edo period, the Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) provided Daimyo with land in the neighborhood of Edo-jo Castle or in suburban areas where daimyo built their houses, and they also kept residences in Osaka or in Kyoto for their own convenience.
- 前項の規定により他人の土地を通行する者は、その身分を示す証明書を携帯し、関係人の請求があつたときは、これを提示しなければならない。
- A person who passes through another person's land pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall carry a certificate of identification and show it when requested by any person concerned.
- 『隋書』「」に「」と風俗が中国と同じである秦王国なる土地(瀬戸内海沿岸付近?)が紹介されているが、これを秦氏と結び付ける考えもある。
- The territory known as the Hata Kingdom (in the coastal regions of the Seto Inland Sea) whose customs and manners were similar to those of China is introduced in 'Zuisho' (a history of Sui), and so there is a further theory that this place had something to do with the Hata clan.
- 土地区画整理事業施行に伴い、平成18年(2006年)に寝小屋町を廃し、北寝小屋町、南寝小屋町を新設したため、現在は9町となっている。
- In accordance with the land readjustment project, Nekoya-cho was abolished and Kita Nekoya-cho and Minami Nekoya-cho were newly established in 2006, which made the current number of towns nine.
- 他所酒(よそざけ)とは、室町時代から江戸時代にかけて、京都以外の土地から京都に入ってくる日本酒のことを、京都に住む人々が呼んだ名称。
- People living in Kyoto called sake (rice wine) brewed outside of the Kyoto area and brought to Kyoto as yosozake over the Muromachi period and the Edo period.
- カザフスタンでは、アラル海の例を見ると分かるように、農業政策の失敗により地下水や湖水をくみ上げすぎるなどして、土地の乾燥化が進んだ。
- In Kazakhstan, as known from the example in the Aral Sea, inappropriate agricultural policies caused underground water and wake water to be pumped excessively, expanding dry areas.
- このことから墾田永年私財法の施行は、公の土地という大前提を覆すものであると捉えられ、律令体制崩壊の兆候として一般には考えられている。
- As a result, enforcement of the Konden Einen Shizai Law was regarded as an overthrow of public land which was its major premise, and it is generally considered as an omen of the breakdown of the Ritsuryo system.
- 経済産業大臣は、前項の許可の申請があつたときは、土地の所有者及び占有者にその旨を通知し、意見書を提出する機会を与えなければならない。
- The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry shall, when having received an application for permission under the preceding paragraph, notify the owner and possessor of the land to that effect and provide them with the opportunity to submit a written opinion.
- これは、サリカ法典やその影響を受けた部族法などにおける男子のみ土地を相続するという規定が、後世に王位継承法として援用されたためである。
- This is because the provision in Lex salica, or tribal law that is affected by Lex salica, that land is succeeded by only the male was used as an Act of Settlement.
- 密教は、インドからチベット・ブータンへ、さらに中国・韓国・日本にも伝わって、土地の習俗を包含しながら、それぞれの変容を繰り返している。
- Esoteric Buddhism was transmitted from India to Tibet and Bhutan, to China, Korea, and Japan, taking in local folkways and being repeatedly modified in each region.
- 11世紀末からおよそ80年間にわたり造営された白河天皇の鳥羽離宮は平安京の南、鴨川に接した風光明媚な土地で、従来からも別荘地であった。
- The Emperor Shirakawa's Toba Rikyu (Imperial villa), which was built over a long period of approximately 80 years from around the end of 11th century, was located at a scenic place along the Kamo-gawa River south of the Heian-kyo Capital, where villas had been built.
- この規定に基づく「土地」の重要文化財指定は1976年(昭和51年)に初めて行われ、民家の建物とともにその敷地が重要文化財に指定された。
- Based on this regulation, the first designation of such land as an important cultural property was done in 1976; together with the building of a private house, the site was designated as an important cultural property.
- - 新潟市中央区西堀の善導寺と宗現寺にあり、松尾芭蕉がこの土地に立ち寄ったことを記念して後世に建立された古くなった蓑の道具塚でもある。
- - Located at the grounds of Zendo-ji Temple and Sogen-ji Temple in Nishibori, Chuo Ward, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, they are also dogu zuka for old worn straw raincoats erected to commemorate the occasion of Basho Matsuo's visit to this area.
- 古河鉱業は土地改良事業費43億4000万円のうち51%を負担し、残りの大部分は国と群馬県が負担した(ごく一部を桐生市と太田市が負担)。
- Furukawa Mining paid 51 percents of the total cost of 4.34 billion yen of the land improvement project and the government and Gunma Prefecture paid the most of the rest (Kiryu City and Ota City also paid a fraction)
- このような開発田地の所有者を開発領主というが、その土地所有は法的根拠に欠け、国衙に収公される可能性も高く、非常に不安定なものであった。
- Owners of these developed rice fields were called kaihatsu-ryoshu (local notables who actually developed the land) but their land ownership lacked legal basis and was so unstable that there was high possibility of the shuko by the kokuga.
- 室町期の守護は、半済などを通じて、鎌倉期の地頭以上に土地支配の一円化を実施していき、守護領国制の形成と守護の守護大名化が進んでいった。
- Through hanzei (the system in the Muromachi period where the Muromachi bakufu allowed shugo to collect half of the taxes from manors and demesnes as military funds), shugo in the Muromachi period realized wider and stronger ichien control of lands than jito of the Kamakura period, and as a result, the Shugo-Ryogoku system (the system wherein a shugo dominates a manor) was established and shugo became shugo daimyo (military governors).
- 当時の社会通念からして、天皇や将軍の代替わりには土地・物品が元の所有者へ返るべきとする思想が広く浸透しており、これを徳政と呼んでいた。
- Under the social conventions of the time, there was the prevalent idea that land or an article should be returned to the original owner concurrent with a change in the reign of the Emperor or the rule of the shogun; this idea was called tokusei (benevolent rule).
- 経済産業大臣は、前項の許可の申請があつたときは、その旨を土地等の所有者及び占有者に通知し、意見書を提出する機会を与えなければならない。
- The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry shall, when having received an application for permission under the preceding paragraph, notify the owner and possessor of the Land, etc. to that effect and provide them with the opportunity to submit a written opinion.
- たとえば、唐の均田制を模範とした日本の班田収授法は、刑法や官制などとちがって、従来の土地所有制度と調整しなければ実行しがたい制度である。
- For example, unlike criminal law or rules governing administrative organizations, the ancient farmland allotment and reception law in Japan that was modeled on the equal-field system during the Tang dynasty, was a difficult system to implement without adjustments to the traditional landholding system.
- 武士の、つまり全国各地の騒乱のほぼ全ての原因が土地支配に関するものであり、頼朝の新統治理論はこの後永く幕藩体制の根幹を成すものになった。
- Questions over land ownership contributed to virtually all fighting and conflict among warriors--and thus, almost all disturbances throughout the country--and Yoritomo's new theory of governance (as expressed by the Hyojosho) was to serve as the foundation of the bakufu-dominal system for many years thereafter.
- これらを通じて、土地支配上の武士の立場は、荘官・下司として荘園領主に代わって荘園を管理するだけの立場から実質的な領主へと変化していった。
- In these conditions, the position of samurai regarding the control over land changed from being mere managers of shoen, tax collectors and subordinates to the rightful owners, to essentially supplanting the titular owners and assuming de facto control over the shoen.
- 鎌倉幕府初代将軍の頼朝がここを拠点としたのは、父祖ゆかりの土地であったこととともに、こうした地理的条件による部分が大きかったと思われる。
- Yoritomo, the first Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu, established his stronghold here largely because Kamakura was his fatherland and has these geographical features.
- しかしスダッタが本当に金貨を敷き詰め始めたため、ジェータ太子は驚いて、そのまま土地を譲渡し更に自らも樹木を寄付して、寺院建設を援助した。
- On seeing Sudatta starting to spread gold coins, Prince Jeta was so surprised that he not only gave Sudatta the land, but also supported the construction of the temple by donating trees.
- しかしながら、次第に京都以外の土地でも高い技術を持った造り酒屋があちこちで生まれ、その製品が京都の酒よりも安い値段で京都市場に流入した。
- However, sake breweries with high skills gradually appeared everywhere outside of the Kyoto area, and the products from such breweries entered the Kyoto market at the lower prices than the sake brewed in Kyoto.
- 筆界調査委員は、前項の事実の調査に当たっては、筆界特定が対象土地の所有権の境界の特定を目的とするものでないことに留意しなければならない。
- When conducting the examination of facts set forth in the preceding paragraph, a parcel boundary examiner shall keep in mind that parcel boundary demarcation is not intended for the demarcation of the boundary of the coverage of ownership for the subject parcels.
- 商人同士の会合や接待の場に欠かせないのは芸者(男女を問わず)の存在であったために自然発生的にほかの土地から出奔した芸者が深川に居を構えた。
- Geisha (both male and female) were in great demand for a gathering of merchants or entertaining business contracts, so naturally, such Geisha who had run away from their hometown settled in Fukagawa.
- これを受け、2006年5月に国土地理院所管財団法人日本地図センターが「伊能大図総覧」を刊行し、伊能図が一般の目にも触れられるようになった。
- In response, Japan Map Center (administered by Geographical Survey Institute) published 'Ino Taizu Soran' (comprehensive list of the Ino large maps) in May 2006 and disclosed Ino map to the public.
- 正盛は預所となり、周辺の東大寺領も取り込んで立荘するなど、白河の政治権力を後ろ盾に東大寺や国衙の支配を除去して実質的な土地所有に成功した。
- Masamori became the custodian of this shoen (private estate) and annexed the nearby Todai-ji Temple property, gaining actual land ownership by eliminating control by the Todai-ji Temple and the Kokuga (provincial offices) with the backing of Shirakawa's political power.
- 明治2年6月17日 (旧暦)(1869年7月25日)、版籍奉還がおこなわれ、諸侯(藩主)は土地と人民に対する統治権をすべて天皇に奉還した。
- On July 25, 1869, lords of domains returned their right to rule the land and people to the emperor (Hanseki-hokan).
- 当初は有力な公民に対する賦課として行われる形式を採っていたが、11世紀中期の官物率法の成立を機に次第に土地に対する賦課へと変質していった。
- Originally it was a tax on prominent citizens, but with the establishment of Kanmotsu rippo (the law fixing the tax rate of kanmotsu, tribute) in the middle of the 11h century, it transformed into a tax against land.
- 領地は、領主の居館を中心として、その近接地や資産建物、さらに自由農民や農奴の保有地の間を縫うように存在する小片の土地群から構成されていた。
- The land, centering on the lord's residence, consisted of the neighboring lands, asset properties and furthermore the group of patches of land which existed threading through the lands owned by free farmers or serfs.
- これは、土地(下地)を折半(中分)するもので、両者の交渉(和与)で中分する和与中分と荘園領主の申し立てにより幕府が裁定する中分とがあった。
- The shitaji (lands) were divided into halves and there was wayo chubun (territorial division agreed to by compromise) where the lands were divided into halves by the compromise between the both sides and in some cases the bakufu divided the lands following the claim of the lords of shoens.
- 第一項の許可を受けた者は、他人の土地に立ち入るときは、経済産業大臣の許可を受けたことを証する書面を携帯し、関係人に呈示しなければならない。
- A person who has obtained permission under paragraph 1 shall, when entering another person's land, carry a document certifying that that person has obtained permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, and show such document to any person concerned.
- 前項の訴えにおいては、一般ガス事業者、簡易ガス事業者若しくはガス導管事業者又は土地の所有者、植物の所有者その他の関係人をもつて被告とする。
- The suit set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be filed against the General Gas Utility, Community Gas Utility or Gas Pipeline Service Provider, or the owner of the land or the plants, or any other persons concerned.
- 特に、三木市や加東市の一部は特A地区に指定されており、「酒米買うなら土地を買え」と名言を言われるぐらいこの地区産のものが特に珍重されている。
- Miki City and a part of Kato City, especially, are designated as the 'area graded special A,' and the rice produced in these areas is particularly valued, as expressed by a saying: 'Before buying good sake rice, you should buy good land.'
- ただし、明治時代の初期に数か町が合併して新たに命名された町、寺院境内地など、従来町名のなかった土地に新たに起立した町名なども一部に存在する。
- However, there are some towns that were established by merger of several towns in the early Meiji period and given a new name, or towns that were newly established in areas that didn't have traditional town names such as precincts of shrines.
- 特に東京を中心とする首都圏では、元々が浄土真宗の土地柄では無く、所属する寺が浄土真宗系であっても、儀礼・作法を他宗と混同している門徒が多い。
- Especially in the Tokyo metropolitan area where Jodo Shinshu Sect has not been so prevalent from the beginning, many monto, though they belong to temples affiliated to Jodo Shinshu Sect, are confusing the rituals and manners of other sects with those of Jodo Shinshu Sect.
- こうした地域は、蕎麦やサトイモなどの自己の土地から産する作物を神仏に捧げ、またこうした食材を主体として雑煮などを作っていたと考えられている。
- In these regions, indigenous products, such as buckwheat noodles or taro are thought to have been offered to the deities and these ingredients were probably used to prepare zoni.
- 地方豪族や有力農民のなかには自らの勢力を維持・拡大するため、また、農民の反抗を防止して土地・人民を確保するために武装する者が少なくなかった。
- Quite a few powerful local clans and influential peasants armed themselves to maintain and enlarge their power, and to secure the land and people by preventing defiance by the peasants.
- 土地の豪族岩城則道の夫人徳尼(藤原秀衡の妹)が夫の菩提を弔うため、永暦元年(1160年)に建立した阿弥陀堂で、単層、三間四方の宝形造である。
- It is the Amida-do Hall which Tokuama (the younger sister of FUJIWARA no Hidehira), the wife of Norimichi IWAKI who was from a gozoku (local ruling family), had built in 1160 to pray to Buddha for happiness of her late husband, and it is a one-storied, hogyo-zukuri style (conical roof with no horizontal ridge beam) squared hall whose side is sangen in length.
- まず、明治2年の版籍奉還で旧藩主が自発的に版(土地)・籍(人民)を天皇に返上し、改めて知藩事に任命されることで、藩地と領主の分離が図られた。
- First, in 1869 former governors of feudal domains voluntarily returned their lands and people to the emperor (Hanseki-hokan), and then they were reappointed as governors of domains by the emperor, while feudal lords were separated from their domains.
- 古代のカースト制氏族社会においては自由な土地の売買や譲渡は許されていなかったが、紀元前5世紀前後には社会の発展とともに緩やかになっていった。
- In the ancient caste system clan society, free purchase and sale or transfer of lands were not allowed, but around the fifth century B.C., they were loosely allowed with the development of society.
- 9世紀後期~10世紀にかけて、政府は従前から実施してきた人別支配を改め、収取の対象となる土地そのものに対する支配・収取体制を確立していった。
- From the late 9th to 10th century, the government gradually replaced the traditional system of direct rule over individual farmers with a system of rule and taxation of land, which became the source of taxation.
- 第二十六条第一項に規定する場合において、市町村長の許可を受けないで障害物を伐除した者又は都道府県知事の許可を受けないで土地に試掘等を行つた者
- Any person who, in the cases prescribed in Article 26 paragraph (1), has removed obstacle without obtaining the permission of the mayor of municipality or has carried out trial excavation etc. of the land without obtaining the permission of the prefectural governor;
- なお沿海・沿道の精密さに較べ、土地の高低などは測定されなかったため、山稜の描写は従来の国絵図のごとく鳥瞰的に描写されており、正確とはいえない。
- Compared with the precision of the depiction of coasts and roadside areas, ridges are depicted in a bird's-eye way just as in traditional Domain Maps and their depiction is not so accurate because height of lands was not surveyed.
- この密教は、様々な土地の習俗や宗教を包含しながら、それらを仏を中心とした世界観の中に統一し、すべてを高度に象徴化して独自の修行体系を完成する。
- This esoteric Buddhism embraced the folkways and religions of various areas, integrated them into a Buddha-centric worldview, and highly symbolized everything to establish a unique system of ascetic practices.
- 片荒による休耕地は放牧地などとして用いられたが、こうした土地に再度鍬を入れて農地として回復させる荒田打(あらたうち)を行うことは困難であった。
- The property in fallow years for Kataarashi were used as grazing land but it was hard to plow and restart (called Aratauchi) such property for agricultural use.
- これは、幕府や藩などの媒介なしに、天皇の下にある中央政府が直接に土地と人民を支配し、統治権(立法権・行政権・司法権)を行使することを意味する。
- This meant that the central government, on behalf of the emperor, could directly rule land and people, and exercise ruling powers (legislative power, executive power, and judicial power).
- そのなかで「朕、漢人の言に聞くに、『人の家、国を取るには百姓土地を得んと欲す。もし尽く百姓を殺さば徒に地を得るも何に用いん』」とも述べている。
- He then said, 'I have heard that people of Han say, 'to seize home and country of others, you need to obtain peasants and land. If you kill all the peasants, for what use is the land that is obtained?''
- 佃戸は地主によって経済的な依存なくして生計が立てられない状況に置かれ、移転の自由を持たず土地に呪縛された一種の農奴制であったというものである。
- Denkos were put in the situation where they could not earn a living without economical support by the owner, did not have the freedom of transfer and were locked in the land, which, they think, was a kind of serf system.
- しかし、土地課税原則のもとでは、田地の存在さえ把握していればそこを実質的に経営している富豪層から収取すべき租税を収取することが十分可能となる。
- Under the principle of tax on land, however, the government can collect tax from wealthy peasants who eventually manage the land in question only by confirming the existence of land.
- 朱印地・黒印地(しゅいんち・こくいんち)とは、江戸時代に幕府・大名より神社・寺院の領地として安堵(領有権の承認・確認)された土地のことである。
- The term Shuinchi/Kokuinchi means the lands which were secured (approval/confirmation of ownership) by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)/daimyo (feudal lords) in the Edo period as the property of shrines/temples.
- 池沼、河川、水路若しくは海を通らなければ公道に至ることができないとき、又は崖があって土地と公道とに著しい高低差があるときも、前項と同様とする。
- The preceding paragraph shall likewise apply in cases where an owner cannot access the public roads unless he/she passes through ponds, lakes, rivers, waterways or seas, or in cases where there is a considerable difference in height between the land and the public road on account of a cliff.
- 国は、前項の規定による土地基金の財源を確保するため、都道府県又は指定都市等に対し、必要な資金の融通又はあつせんその他の援助に努めるものとする。
- For ensuring the source of the Land Funds pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the State shall make effort to accommodate the prefectures or designated cities, etc. with necessary funds or use its good offices or extend other assistance for this purpose.
- 国は、農村における土地の農業上の利用と他の利用との調整に留意して、農業の振興その他農村の総合的な振興に関する施策を計画的に推進するものとする。
- The State shall systematically promote measures for the comprehensive development of rural areas including agricultural development, with proper consideration to the coordination of land use for agriculture and other purposes.
- 東京都芝 (東京都港区)高輪の宮家本邸が空襲に遭わなかったため、土地の一部を売却して竹田編機という編物機械会社を設立し、事業に着手するが、失敗。
- As his Miyake Hontei (main residence) in Shiba Takanawa, Tokyo (Minato Ward, Tokyo) was not destroyed in air raids, he sold a part of the land, established a sawing machine company called Takeda Amiki, and started business, but failed.
- 洋館と和館、庭園からなり、「明治後期の大邸宅の姿を完全に伝える稀有な例」として2002年(平成14年)に建物6棟と土地が重要文化財に指定された。
- Consisting of Western-style house, Japanese-style house, and gardens, 6 buildings and grounds of Kakkien were designated Important Cultural Property in 2002 by virtue that 'it is a rare example that completely conveys the style of a late-Meiji era mansion'.
- だが、明治政府は全ての土地から地税を徴収する(免税地を認めない)方針を打ちたて、明治4年(1871年)に地租改正に先立って地子免除が廃止された。
- However, the Meiji government formulated the policy of collecting land tax from every tract of land - in other words, permitted no tax-free land - and in 1871, it abandoned the jishi menkyo before the Land Tax Reform.
- 給主側では、散在している免田を一箇所に集め、浮免を固定して定免田(じょうめんでん)化することで、土地と耕作権者の一体的な把握を目指すようになる。
- The Kyunushi side collected the scattered Menden in one place and fixed the Ukimen to become Jyomenden (stationary concession) and aimed for a unified control of the land and person who had the cultivation rights.
- 建造物が周辺の土地を含んで国宝に指定されている例としては清水寺本堂(京都府)、宇治上神社本殿(京都府)、浄土寺 (尾道市)本堂(広島県)がある。
- Examples of such cases, where the land underneath and surrounding a structure is included in that structure's designation as a national treasure, include the Main Hall of Kiyomizu-dera Temple (in Kyoto), the Inner Shrine of Ujigami-jinja Shrine (in Kyoto), and the Main Hall of Jodo-ji Temple (in the city of Onomichi in Hiroshima Prefecture).
- もう1つは宮崎市定らの説で均田制の実施を認めない立場から漢代から大土地所有者による荘園開発と貧民を招いた耕作が行われ後世の荘園をその延長とする。
- The other theory by Ichisada MIYAZAKI and so on is from the viewpoint which does not acknowledge the operation of the Equal-field system, the development of shoens by the large-landholders and the cultivation by poor folks were done and led to the shoen in later times from the Han dynasty.
- しかし、田堵は、名田経営を通じて、土地および他の隷属する百姓との関係を緊密なものとしていき、中には周辺の他の田堵の名田を集積する者も現れていた。
- Nevertheless they strengthened relationships with land and subordinate peasants through myoden management, and some tato even started to accumulate neighboring myoden fields managed by other tato.
- 前二項の場合においては、借地権は、地上権の放棄若しくは消滅の請求又は土地の賃貸借の解約の申入れがあった日から三月を経過することによって消滅する。
- In the case set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, the Land Lease Right shall be extinguished by reason of the passage of three months from the day the request for waiver or extinction of superficies or the request for termination of the land lease was made.
- 江戸時代には系図知りと呼ばれる職業の者が村々を廻り、土地の者のために史上の名家から連なる系図を作成して生計を立てていたことにも留意する必要がある。
- Also, attention should be paid to the fact that in the Edo Period, people who were engaged in the profession called keizushiri made their living by visiting villages and drawing for local residents genealogical tables showing that they came from a distinguished historical family.
- そして、両特権の拡大によって、荘園における土地・人民の私的支配はいっそう強まり、荘園を整理しようとする国司と荘園領主とのあいだでも対立が深まった。
- Consequently, due to the expansion of the two privileges, private dominance of land and people in shoen further grew, and the confrontation between kokushi who tried to reorganize shoen and lords of shoen intensified.
- 前項の規定により建物、宅地又は垣、さく等で囲まれた土地に立ち入る場合には、あらかじめその旨をその所有者、占有者又は管理者に通知しなければならない。
- In cases of entrance into a building, a cartilage, or a piece of land confined by an enclosure or fences pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, its owner, possessor, or administrator shall be notified of the entry in advance.
- 弥生時代時代に入ると狩猟生活から稲作へと人々の生活が変化、それに伴い土地や水源確保のため領地争いが盛んになり、戦いの場で弓矢も武器として使用される。
- In the Yayoi Period life changed from hunting and gathering to rice farming, which led to many problems on lands in order to getting field and water, so the bow and arrow developed into weapons on the battlefield.
- 例えば、100石の石高を有する土地に対して「免四つ六分四厘九毛」の免がかかる場合には、石高の46.49%すなわち46石4斗7升を納付することとなる。
- For example, if the rate is 'Men-yottsu(4) roku(6)-bu yon(4)-rin kyu(9)-mo', 46.49% of the kokudaka, which is 46-koku four-to and seven-sho, is supposed to be paid.
- ただし、明治時代の初期に数か町が合併して新たに命名された町、北野天神の社領など、従来町名のなかった土地に新たに起立した町名などもかなりの数が存在する。
- However, there are quite a few towns that were established by merger of several towns in the early Meiji period and given a new name, or towns that were newly established in areas that didn't have traditional town names such as the estate of Kitano Tenjin Shrine.
- 古ゲルマン人社会の従士制度(軍事的奉仕)と、ローマ帝国末期の恩貸地制度(土地の保護)に起源を見いだし、これらが結びつき成立したと説明されることが多い。
- The retainer system (military duties) in the ancient German society and the land loan system (land protection) in the later Roman Empire are often seen as the origin, and it is often explained that the two systems were combined to form feudalism.
- 王が自らの支配する土地を、自らが支配する人民(百姓)へ直接(中間支配者である豪族を介さずに)班給するというものであり、儒教的な理想を多分に含んでいた。
- The system was designed such that the sovereign would directly allot land to his people (peasants) without any intervention by powerful regional clans, the intermediate rulers between the sovereign and the people; in this, the system came very close to the Confucian ideal.
- 江戸時代を通じて戦争がなかったことと、大半の藩主家が領主の交代を経験しており、(石高は別として)土地自体への執着が薄かったことが理由として挙げられる。
- Reasons for this were that there were no wars during the Edo period and that most clan families experienced the transfer of landownership, and other than Kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period), there was little attachment to the land itself.
- この土地支配の単位を名田と呼ぶが、この頃、郡司、土着国司などを出自とする田堵と呼ばれた富豪層は、名の経営を請け負い、負名と呼ばれるようになっていった。
- The unit of the medieval land ruling is called myoden (rice field lots in the charge of a nominal holder), and at that period the wealthy class called Tato (cultivators) that came from gunji (local magistrates) and native provincial governors undertook the management of myo and came to be called Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field).
- その間1649年(慶安2年)に福知山藩に入った松平忠房が行った検地は、地租改正が行われるまで福知山の土地制度の基準となったためこれを松平検地と呼ばれる。
- During this time, the land survey carried out in 1649 by Tadafusa MATSUDAIRA, who joined the Fukuchiyama clan, acted as a benchmark for the land system in Fukuchiyama until the Land Tax Reform was carried out, and was called Matsudaira's land survey.
- 実質的に全国の土地を支配していた武士を天皇が直接支配することは全く前例のないことである上、性急な政策であったため武士たちの支持を得ることはできなかった。
- Over and above the fact that to the samurai, who had owned the lion's share of land throughout the country, having the Emperor assert direct control over that land was entirely unprecedented, Emperor Godaigo's government was also impetuous, ensuring that it would not receive the support of the samurai class.
- 東港は1901年に軍港に指定され舞鶴鎮守府が開設されて以来、大日本帝国海軍が港湾のみならず、本来単なる入り江に過ぎなかった東舞鶴地区の土地造成も行った。
- Since the East Port was designated as a naval port to house the Maizuru Chinju-fu in 1901, the former Japanese Imperial Navy not only developed it as the harbor but also reclaimed the land of Higashi Maizuru area--once merely an inlet.
- また、その土地の自然環境に適した栽培種であることが認められると、農林水産省が農産物検査法に基づき、その都道府県もしくは産地ごとに産地品種銘柄に指定する。
- If it is acknowledged as a cultivated variety that fits the natural environment of the territory, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) will classify it under the Agricultural Products Inspection Law to a brand variety of growing district separately for each prefecture or growing district.
- 律令制とは、古代中国から理想とされてきた王土王民(王土王臣とも)、すなわち「土地と人民は王の支配に服属する」という理念を具現化しようとする体制であった。
- The Ritsuryo system was a system for embodying the idea known in Japanese as odo omin (or odo oshin) and meaning 'the sovereign's land, the sovereign's people,' where 'the land and the people are placed under the rule of the emperor,' which had been had been held as an ideal since ancient times in China.
- 最終的には、豊臣秀吉による兵農分離(刀狩)と土地所有確認(太閤検地)の結果、惣村という結合形態は消滅し、江戸時代に続く近世村落が形成していったとされる。
- As a result of heinobunri (a separation of the warrior class in this domain from the soil) (Sword Hunt) and the confirmation of land ownership (Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which had been implemented by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the style of connection called the soson finally disappeared, and there emerged early-modern villages that survived in the Edo period.
- 前項の補償について当事者間に協議が調わないとき、又は協議することができないときは、当該土地又は障害となつた植物の所在地を管轄する都道府県知事が裁定する。
- Where the parties concerned have failed to reach an agreement through consultation or hold any consultation at all, the prefectural governor who has jurisdiction over the land or the place where the plants causing interference are located shall make an award.
- 土地の収用、鉱業権の設定その他不動産又は特定の場所に係る処分又は裁決についての取消訴訟は、その不動産又は場所の所在地の裁判所にも、提起することができる。
- An action for the revocation of an administrative disposition pertaining to expropriation of land or establishment of a mining right or any other original administrative disposition or administrative disposition on appeal pertaining to real property or a particular place may also be filed with the court that has jurisdiction over the location of the real property or place.
- 法性坊は「朝廷からのお召しがあっても、二度までは参らぬ。しかしながら王土(天皇が治める土地)に住むこの身、勅使三度に及べば参らぬわけにいかない」と答える。
- Hossho-bo answers 'Even when the Imperial Court orders me to come there, I will not go at the second order. However, I live in odo (the land governed by the emperors) and I can not refuse to go at the third visit of the messenger.'
- これは、関西本線の前身に当たる私鉄の関西鉄道が土地を取得してホテルを建設し、京都の都ホテル(現・ウェスティン都ホテル京都)が運営に当たっていたためである。
- This was because a private railway (company) Kansai Railway Company, which was the predecessor of Kansai Main Line, purchased the area and built a hotel managed by Miyako Hotel in Kyoto (currently, The Westin Miyako Kyoto).
- 富貴は新生プロダクション(現在の松竹芸能の母体の一つ)などから芸人を調達していたが、当時売れっ子が多かった千土地興行所属の芸人はすべて京洛劇場に出演した。
- While Fuki used entertainers belonging to Shinsei Production (one of origins of current Shochiku Geino Co., Ltd), all entertainers belonging to Sentochi Kogyo, many of them were quite popular at the time, performed at Kyoraku Theater.
- 電気事業者は、電気事業の用に供する電気工作物に関する測量又は実地調査のため必要があるときは、経済産業大臣の許可を受けて、他人の土地に立ち入ることができる。
- An Electricity Utility may, when it is necessary in order to conduct the taking of measurements or field investigations of Electric Facilities to be used for an Electricity Business, enter another person's land with permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
- そして明治17年(1884年)には大図・中図が大日本帝国陸軍参謀本部 (日本)測量部(国土地理院の前身の1つ)によって作成された「地勢図」の基本図になった。
- Furthermore, the Ino large and medium-sized maps became the basis of 'Geographic map' made by the (Japan) Survey Department, Staff Headquarters of the Imperial Japanese Army (one of the predecessors of Geographical Survey Institute) in 1884.
- 土地の名物と称し、土産物として売られる菓子や漬け物には、実際には他の地域や外国で生産、加工されているものや、ラベルだけを地方のものに換えたものも少なくない。
- Some confections and pickles are called local specialties, and these products are sold as gifts, but in reality, most of these products are produced or processed in another area or country, with labels placed on the product identifying them as local dishes.
- 郡司・富豪層は、土地耕作を経営し納税を請け負う田堵負名として国衙支配に組み込まれ、また、各「所」に配属されて在庁官人として国衙行政の一翼を担うようになった。
- Gunji and rich and powerful persons were built in the kokuga control system as Tato fumyo who managed farm operations and collected tax, and in addition, were affiliated with 'the sho' and came to play some roles in the kokuga administration.
- 前条の場合には、通行の場所及び方法は、同条の規定による通行権を有する者のために必要であり、かつ、他の土地のために損害が最も少ないものを選ばなければならない。
- In the cases provided for in the preceding Article, the location and method of passage must be so chosen as to meet the needs of the person who is entitled to the right of passage under the provisions of that Article, and cause the least damage to the other land.
- 古くから土師氏ゆかりの土地であったと言われており、延暦元年(782年)に土師安人の姓が宿禰から朝臣に改められた際に「居住地にちなんで」秋篠安人と改名している。
- It is said that Akishino was a place noted in connection with the Haji clan since older times and, when kabane (hereditary title) of Yasuhito HAJI was changed from Sukune (third highest of the eight hereditary titles) to Ason (second highest of the eight hereditary titles) in 782, he changed his name to Yasuhito AKISHINO 'in connection with the name of the place of residence.'
- また、京屋敷の用地はほとんどの場合は設置を望む藩が買得した土地であったため、一般の町人と同様に軒役・役銀などの租税の賦課がかけられ、免除されることは無かった。
- In addition, most of the land for the Kyo-yashiki residences was purchased by domains which desired to maintain the residences, so the taxes like the Nokiyaku tax/Yakugin tax were imposed as in the case of the general townspeople without exemption.
- 武士はやがて荘園を蚕食していき、自らの土地支配を保証する実効力を持った有力な上層武士に、年貢に代わって軍役を負担することでその支配を確立していくようになった。
- After a while, samurai began encroaching the manors and gradually established contrrol over the manors by paying an influential higher ranking samurai, who was able to warrant the samurai the control over the land, in a military service instead of land tax.
- 一円知行(いちえんちぎょう)とは、日本の中世で使用された用語で、荘園公領制の重層的に入り組んだ支配・権利関係の中で、ある者が一元的に土地を支配することを指す。
- Ichien Chigyo was a term used during the Japanese Middle Ages to mean that a particular individual has integrated control over lands in complicated and multi-layered relationships of dominance and rights of the Shoen Koryo (public lands and private estates) system.
- しかし、山が城をなす土地に“やましろ”の読みが対応していたうえに、山に城を造ってそれぞれの領国を守る時代が訪れたので、中世後期には、“城”は“しろ”と読まれた。
- A place where a castle was built on a mountain was called 'yamashiro,' and when the era when a castle was built on a mountain to defend territories came, '城' was pronounced 'shiro' during the latter medieval period.
- 同法は墾田の永年私有を認めるものだったため、資本を持つ中央貴族・大寺社・地方の富豪(かつての豪族層)は活発に開墾を行い、大規模な土地私有が出現することとなった。
- As the law admitted a permanent ownership of cultivated lands, central aristocrats, large temples and shrines and local rich men (formerly the class of gozoku), who had capital, actively cultivated lands and then a large scale private ownership of land appeared.
- 農奴(serf又はvilleinという)の保有地は、領主へ納入する労役や生産物・現金といった貢納(保有地に付随する慣習とされていた)を支えるための土地であった。
- The land owned by serfs (also called villein) were the lands which supported tributes to the lords, such as labor services, products, and cash money (the custom was supposed to accompany the owned lands).
- この頃、個別人身支配から土地課税への転換に伴って、従来からあった租庸調・正税・雑徭・交易物などの税目が消え、新たに官物・臨時雑役などといった税目が出現していた。
- In the wake of the transition from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, former taxes, such as Soyocho, shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse), zoyo (irregular corvee) and trading goods, were abolished and new items of taxation, such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and rinji zoyaku (general term for odd-job tasks), were introduced.
- すでに9世紀後期の頃から、実際に租税収取を担当する地方行政の現場では、戸籍・計帳を基盤に置いた課税方式が後退し、土地に対する課税が積極的に行われる傾向にあった。
- As early as from the late 9th century, local administrative bodies, which were actually in charge of tax collection, tended to impose tax on land rather than collecting it based on family registration/keicho.
- 境界標を損壊し、移動し、若しくは除去し、又はその他の方法により、土地の境界を認識することができないようにした者は、五年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
- A person who damages, moves or removes a boundary mark or otherwise makes a boundary unrecognizable shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.
- 第五十二条の三第四項(第五十七条の四において準用する場合を含む。)、第五十七条第四項又は第六十七条第三項の規定に違反して、同項の期間内に土地建物等を譲り渡した者
- Any person who, in violation of the provision of Article 52-3 paragraph (4) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 57-4), Article 57 paragraph (4), or Article 67 paragraph (3), has transferred the land and buildings, etc. concerned during the period set forth in the said paragraph.
- (野丁場ともいう、造成地や埋立地など町の形成される前の場所や町という単位からはずれる、または超える規模の仕事の場所、検地(野帳簿ない)の出来ていない土地をさす。)
- (The term nochoba [also written as '野丁場'] means the areas where the future towns will be built, such as developed lands or reclaimed lands, or the work sites where its size cannot be categorized or over-categorized as a town, or the properties not registered based on land survey (or without registration).)
- 院政期は律令制に代わり、院を頂点とした主従制的関係が形成され、官職や土地を恩給として臣下に与えて奉仕させるようになり、知行国・荘園制度が確立していった時期だった。
- The cloistered government took the place of the Ritsuryo system, developing lord-vassal relationships with the cloistered Emperor at the apex, and making subordinates work in exchange for positions and land as rewards, and was a period when the system of custodial provinces and shoen were established.
- 「全国城郭及び軍事に関係する土地建物は、これまで陸軍省の所轄であったが、このたび、別冊一号のとおり、陸軍が必要とする分について改めて陸軍省所轄を仰せ付けられた。」
- Although the lands and the buildings related to military and castles across the country have been managed by the Department of War, an order was given to renew the management of those that are required by Army, as shown in Supplement 1.'
- わかりやすい例を出せば、「酒米の王様」と呼ばれる山田錦も、どの土地で、どの土壌で、どの農法で、どの篤農家によって栽培されたかによって、品質はピンからキリまである。
- As an easy-to-understand example, even for Yamada nishiki, which is called the 'king of sakamai,' there are many grades of quality depending on the land, soil and growing method as well as the farmer.
- 後にこうした土地は雑役免としての実績を背景に寄進地系荘園として不輸の権 (日本)・不入の権 (日本)を獲得したり、荘園状態となった国衙領の構成単位となっていった。
- Against the background of the established fact of Zoyakumen, these lands later obtained fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption)/funyu no ken (the right to keep tax agents from entering the property) as kishinchi kei shorn (shoen originated from donated lands) or became the unit of kokugaryo, which was then consisted of many shoen.
- 国司は封戸物・正税物の調達に苦しみ、やむを得ず国内の土地に便補所(べんぽしょ、便宜上それに当てる場所)を設定して、そこから上がる官物で肩代わりさせるようになった。
- The Kokushi (officers of local government) struggled to collect Fukomotsu and Shozeimotsu and had to set Benbojo (places that were designated for convenience) within their province and used the crops collected in these fields to pay the taxes.
- この名主、庄屋は昔から土地を所有している有力農民や土着した武士の末裔などがなる場合が多く、苗字帯刀あるいは諸役御免の特権を持つ者や郷士に列せられるものも多かった。
- The above-mentioned headmen (nanushi or shoya) were often rich farmers who had owned their own land for a long time, or descendants of samurai who had settled there, and many of them were privileged to adopt a surname and wear a sword and excused from various levies and taxes as well as titled as country samurai (goshi).
- 元々、地子は生産物地代の性格を持ち、その土地の生産物が地子として納入されていたが、中世後期ごろから貨幣経済が進展していくと、貨幣による地子の納入が増加していった。
- Originally, jishi had the characteristics of a tax payment in the form of products and the local products were brought in as jishi but jishi payment in money increased as the money economy gradually advanced from the late mid-period.
- それと前後して、守護は半済、守護請等で、荘園領主等の権利をも侵食して行き、戦国時代 (日本)になると、守護大名に代わった戦国大名はさらに土地の一円知行を進めていく。
- Around the same time, provincial constables also encroached on other rights, including the power of Shoen-ryoshu using the systems of Hanzei and Shugo-uke, and from the start of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), Daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku Period who turned into Shugo Daimyo further promoted Ichien chigyo (complete proprietorship) of the lands.
- 例外的に、存城処分として陸軍用地となった城郭であっても、彦根城のように、明治政府の特例政策として城郭の土地と建造物が保存され、国宝、特別史跡となっているものもある。
- Even among the castles that were kept for conversion to Army sites, some castles, such as Hikone-jo Castle, had their lands and buildings preserved under an exceptional policy of the Meiji Government, being designated National Treasures and special historic sites.
- しかし、堺相論などが盛んになると、それは領民と土地の一元支配を名目として支配地域拡大を図る居住地側領主と耕作者の取り込みを図る耕作地側領主による対立の一因となった。
- However, as conflicts over the territory intensified, koso became a cause of conflicts between the lords of the lands where farmers lived and where the farmers worked, because the former intended to expand their territory by ruling unitarily over the inhabitants and the lands but the latter aimed to invite more farmers into their territory to work.
- それ以外の土地にある寺院では、河内の『観心寺酒』・『天野酒(金剛寺 (河内長野市))』、越前(豊原寺)の『豊原(ほうげん)酒』、近江の『百済寺酒』などが名高かった。
- Outside Nara, 'Kanshinji shu' and 'Amanosake' (made by Kongo-ji Temple [Kawachinagano City]) in Kawachi, 'Hogen shu' in Echizen (Hogen-ji Temple) and 'Hyakusaiji sake' in Omi were the most famous.
- その結果、宋代の荘園の内実は零細な土地片の集積を便宜上荘園としているに過ぎず、地主と佃戸は自由人間の契約関係に基づく小作制度によって経営されていたとするものである。
- As a result, shoens during the Sung dynasty, in fact, just regarded the collection of small lands as shoens for convenience and the owners and the denkos established contractual relationships as free men and based on it, shoens were managed by the tenancy system.
- このため、朱印地・黒印地からの収益だけで寺社の経営が成り立った例はほとんどなく、多くは自ら開墾した土地、あるいは大名などから寄進された米や金銭で経営を維持していた。
- Under such circumstances, it was almost impossible to maintain the management of temples/shrines only by the revenues obtained from Shuinchi/Kokuinchi and many of temples/shrines managed to sustain themselves relying on revenues obtained from the lands reclaimed by themselves or rice/money donated by the daimyo.
- こうして土地は京都府や大山崎町などが業者から買い取り、山荘はアサヒビール運営の山本コレクションの美術館となることが決まり、後には安藤忠雄が建築設計・監修に選ばれた。
- Thus, Kyoto Prefecture and Oyamazaki-cho Town bought the land from the construction firm, and it was decided that the villa was to be turned into an art museum for Yamamoto's collection operated by Asahi Breweries, with Tadao ANDO later selected as the designer and supervisor of its new building.
- 9世紀後期に至って律令制的な人民支配・租税収取に限界が生じたため、10世紀初頭より、地方政治への大幅な統治委任や個別人身支配から土地課税原則への方針転換が進められた。
- As the limitation of people-based governance/tax collection under the Ritsuryo system became clear in the late 9th century, policy changes, such as substantial delegation of authority to local administrative bodies and the switch from the principle of people-based governance to the principle of tax on land, were implemented in early 10th century.
- 収用(土地収用法(昭和二十六年法律第二百十九号)その他の法律の規定による収用をいう。第百十八条第一項及び第三項から第五項までにおいて同じ。)によって所有権を取得した者
- a person who has acquired ownership through expropriation (meaning expropriation under the provisions of the Land Expropriation Act (Act No. 219 of 1951) or other Acts; the same shall apply in Article 118, paragraph (1) and paragraph (3) to paragraph (5))
- 両岸の土地が水流地の所有者に属するときは、その所有者は、水路及び幅員を変更することができる。ただし、水流が隣地と交わる地点において、自然の水路に戻さなければならない。
- If the land on both sides of a stream is owned by the owner of the land containing the stream, that owner may change the course or the width of the same; provided, however, that he/she must return the stream to its natural course at the point where the stream meets neighboring land.
- 土地収用法第三十四条の四第二項中「第二十六条の二第二項の図面」とあるのは、「都市計画法第六十二条第二項(第六十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の図書」とする。
- The term 'drawings mentioned in Article 26-2 paragraph (2)' in Article 34-4 paragraph (2) of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act shall be read as the 'drawings and documents mentioned in Article 62 paragraph (2) of the City Planning Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2))'.
- 日本の税体系は,10世紀頃の籍帳支配崩壊に伴う公地公民制の崩壊をうけて,課税が個別的人身賦課方式から土地賦課方式へ転換されるまで,人頭税を財源の中心とするものであった。
- Jintozei (primitive taxes which were imposed individually) were the core financial resources in the tax system of Japan until around the 10th century, when the taxation system was converted from an individual tax imposition system to a land tax imposition system: this conversion was triggered by the collapse of the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens, after the managing system based on the family register and Keicho (the yearly tax registers) had collapsed.
- 対象土地の筆界について、既に民事訴訟の手続により筆界の確定を求める訴えに係る判決(訴えを不適法として却下したものを除く。第百四十八条において同じ。)が確定しているとき。
- where a judgment on an action to seek a determination of the parcel boundary between the subject parcels in civil proceedings (excluding a judgment to dismiss such action as unlawful; the same shall apply in Article 148) has already become final and binding;
- 永小作人は、その権利を他人に譲り渡し、又はその権利の存続期間内において耕作若しくは牧畜のため土地を賃貸することができる。ただし、設定行為で禁じたときは、この限りでない。
- An emphyteuta may assign his/her rights to others, or lease the land during the duration of his/her rights to cultivate or farm livestock; provided, however, that this shall not apply if such acts are prohibited by the act that established his/her rights.
- この莫大な費用からしてみてもだれでも旦那様になれるわけではなく必然的にその土地の財界人やトップクラスの企業の経営者などで多額の金銭をポケットマネーでまかなえる人物あった。
- Given these exorbitant costs, not everyone could become danna-sama and, as a necessity, a person who would become danna-sama has to be among the business leaders of the area or one of the top executives of major corporations who had a monetary means to be able to afford such large expenses.
- 当時、「一円」の語は、一元的または完全を意味しており、一円的に支配されている土地を一円地(いちえんち)・一円領(いちえんりょう)・一円荘(いちえんのしょう)などと呼んだ。
- The term 'ichien' at the time meant entirety or completeness, and lands that were under ichien control were called ichienchi (ichien land), ichienryo (ichien territory), or ichien no sho (ichien manor).
- 処分状の宛先(遺言の執行者)が仮にでも九条忠家になっている事、東福寺の敷地に関しての土地権利書が九条家に伝承されているのは九条家が嫡流であるからゆえではないか?と抗弁した。
- Tunenori further asserted that Tadaie KUJO was named as the receiver of the shobunjo (executor of the will) and the land patent of the premise of Tofuku-ji Temple had been inherited by the Kujo Family because the Kujo was the legitimate blood.
- 同法第2条第1項第1号には建造物らのものと「一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件」が重要文化財指定の対象である「有形文化財」の概念に含まれることが明記された。
- In the first statement of Ordinance 2, Clause 1 of the same law, the concept that the building and 'the land or other construction that forms the value' is a 'tangible cultural property' that is eligible for designation as an important cultural property was included and clearly described.
- 後に、1890年(明治23年)になって、陸軍省用地としたものの不用になった城郭である土地が、元藩主や地方団体に限り、公売によらず相当対価をもって払い下げられることもあった。
- Later, in 1890, some castle sites that had been determined to serve as sites for the Department of War became disused and were sold only to the former lords of the domains or local organizations at reasonable prices without public auctions.
- 誰でも構わず身を売ることは「不見転(みずてん)」として戒められたが、第二次世界大戦後までこうした不見転はほぼどこの土地でも見られ、置屋も積極的にこれを勧めることが多かった。
- Selling one's body indiscriminately to anyone was referred to as being 'loose' and was warned against but up until World War II, these 'loose' geisha were seen in everywhere and it was common for okiya to actively encourage this practice.
- 法務局又は地方法務局の長は、前条第一項本文の規定による公告及び通知がされたときは、対象土地の筆界特定のために必要な事実の調査を行うべき筆界調査委員を指定しなければならない。
- When public notice has been given and notice has been given to each related person pursuant to the provision of the main clause of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the Director of a Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau shall designate a parcel boundary examiner who is to conduct the examination of facts necessary for parcel boundary demarcation for the subject parcels.
- 特に寛平7年(895年)に能有が五畿内諸国別当に任じられると、山城国問民苦使に任じられて、権門による土地兼併が激しい同国の実情を調査して地方行政の改革と農民救済策をまとめた。
- When Yoshiari was appointed to the chief officer of Go-kinai (five provinces close to the capital: Yamashiro Province, Yamato Province, Kawachi Province, Izumi Province, and Settsu Province) in 895, he appointed Suenaga as a monminkushi (a position temporarily established to investigate people's demand and discontent) of Yamashiro Province, and he investigated the circumstances in this province, where lands were frequently annexed by influential and powerful families or clans at that time, to make up plans for a reform of the local government and relief of peasants.
- また神奈備などの自然環境の変化する端境の場所だけでなく、坂、峠、辻、橋、集落の境など人の手の加わった土地である「道」の状態が変化する場所も、異界(神域)との端境と考えられた。
- In addition, aside from places such as kannabi that mark boundaries where the natural environment changes, places such as hills, mountain passes, crossroads, bridges and boundaries between settlements where the condition of man-made areas such as 'paths' change, were also considered to represent boundaries that marked the unfamiliar world (sacred realm).
- 京成電鉄が提供した千葉県千葉郡津田沼町谷津海岸(現在の習志野市谷津)の塩田地帯の約5万平方メートルの土地(のちの谷津遊園)に「阪東妻三郎プロダクション関東撮影所」を建設した。
- Using a location provided by Keisei Dentetsu (formally known as Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd.), Bando built 'Bando Tsumasaburo Productions' Kanto Studio' on the approximately five million-square-foot salt fields (later Yatsu-yuen amusement park) on the Yatsu Kaigan seacoast, Tsudanuma Town, Chiba County, Chiba Prefecture (present-day Yatsu, Narashino City).
- 幕末には経済学者佐藤信淵は土地国有化と海外進出を行う絶対主義国家を論じ、吉田松陰は幽囚録で蝦夷地開拓とともにカムチャッカ半島、朝鮮、台湾、満州等への侵略統治論を展開していた。
- In the closing days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Nobuhiro SATO, an economist argued absolutism of nationalizing lands and finding ways into foreign countries, while Shoin YOSHIDA argued in his book titled yuin-roku (descriptions in prison) reclamation of Ezo and invasion for the control of such as the Kamchatkan Peninsula, Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.
- 6月15日には旧領回復令が発布され、続いて寺領没収令、朝敵所領没収令、誤判再審令などが発布され土地所有権や訴訟の申請などに関しては天皇の裁断である綸旨を必要とすることとなった。
- On the fifteenth day of the sixth month, Emperor Godaigo promulgated a decree ordering the restoration of all the old fiefs, and he continued promulgating several more commands including a decree to confiscate the lands of the jiryo, one ordering the seizure of all territories held by enemies of the Court, and one ordering retrials for poorly judged cases; these decrees made the Emperor's judgments, in the form of Imperial orders, absolutely vital in matters of land ownership, lawsuits, and more.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
- Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.
- 負所(おっしょ)とは、中世の荘園において、本来は国衙に納めるべき雑役(場合によっては官物の一部を含む)を免除を受け、その分を自己に収めることが出来る荘園領主及びその土地を指す。
- The term 'Ossho' means the lords of Shoen (manor in medieval Japan) were exempted from and allowed to collect Zatsueki (a kind tax under the Ritsuryo system) (sometimes inclusive of the portion of Kanmotsu (tribute goods -supposed to be paid to Kokuga (provincial government offices) as well as the land of such Shoen.
- こうしてそれまで各国の体制は、荘園も含めて一元的に受領の支配下にあったものが、荘官の支配する荘園と、受領の支配下にある公領が、大きく二分して土地・民衆支配をする形態に移行した。
- Eventually, the old provincial system, administered by zuryo collectively including shoen, was shifted into a new system, in which the control of land and people was roughly divided into two on the basis of shoen (administered by shokan) and koryo (administered by zuryo).
- 以上のように、守護職の固定化および権能の大幅な拡大を背景として、室町期守護は、領国内の在地領主(国人)、土地、人民(百姓など)に対する一円支配(一元的な支配)を強化していった。
- Thus, taking advantage of the monopolization of the shugo-shiki as well as the drastically expanded authority, the shugo in the Muromachi period strengthened the comprehensive (unified) control over the resident landholders (called 'kokujin' [local lord]), lands, people (including peasants) and so on.
- また、開墾にたずさわった一族の末裔は、吉村酒造蔵元の吉村家と伝えられているによると、伏見城跡に設けた堀内村の庄屋を代々務め、明治時代に同村の土地を皇室へ寄進したとの記述がある。
- According to the account that says the descendants of the family that reclaimed the land are the Yoshimura family, which founded Yoshimura Shuzo, they were the heads of Horiuchi Village, built on the ruins of Fushimi-jo Castle; and it is said that they transferred village land to the Imperial Household in the Meiji Period.
- 人々が奉公や結婚その他の理由で他の土地に移る場合には、移動するものの年齢・性別・所属・宗旨などを記載して村役人の送一札とともに移転先にある新たな檀家寺に送付して移転の手続とした。
- When a person moved to a different place due to service, marriage or other reasons, the person's age, sex, the temple he or she belonged to and religious Doctrine were entered in the Terauke shomon and sent to the new danka temple along with the Okuri issatsu (expository writing) made by village officers as a procedure for relocation.
- 奈良時代初期は、律令に基づいて中央政府による土地・民衆支配が実施されていたが、人口や財政需要の増加に伴い、722年、国家収入を増やすため政府において大規模な開墾計画が策定された。
- During the early Nara period, the land and people were governed by the central government based on the Ritsuryo system, but in 722, with the increase in population and financial demands, a large scale land development program was formulated to increase the national income by the government.
- 登記所は、法務省令で定めるところにより、地番を付すべき区域(第三十九条第二項及び第四十一条第二号において「地番区域」という。)を定め、一筆の土地ごとに地番を付さなければならない。
- A registry office shall, as provided for by Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, specify the districts in which parcel numbers should be assigned (referred to as the 'numbered districts' in Article 39, paragraph (2) and Article 41, item (ii)), and assign a parcel number to each parcel of land in such districts.
- 筆界調査委員は、対象土地の測量又は実地調査を行うときは、あらかじめ、その旨並びにその日時及び場所を筆界特定の申請人及び関係人に通知して、これに立ち会う機会を与えなければならない。
- When conducting a survey or field investigation of the subject parcels, a parcel boundary examiner shall give notice to the applicant for parcel boundary demarcation and the related persons to that effect together with the date and place thereof in advance, and provide them with the opportunity to observe the survey or field investigation.
- 民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)第五百六十六条第一項及び第三項の規定は、前二項の規定により第三者に対抗することができる借地権の目的である土地が売買の目的物である場合に準用する。
- The provisions of Article 566, paragraph (1) and paragraph (3) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896) shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the land that is the object of the Land Lease Right that may be asserted against a third party pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs is the object matter of a sale.
- 土地収用法第三十四条及び第百条第二項後段に定める期間の終期は、第六十二条第一項(第六十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による告示に係る事業施行期間の経過の時とする。
- The periods prescribed in Article 34 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act and in the second sentence of Article 100 paragraph (2) of the same Act shall terminate when the project execution period pertaining to the public notice given pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2)) have elapsed.
- 作品は典型的な複式夢幻能の形式をとり、旅の僧が漁師にであう前段、漁師がきえた後、僧がその不思議を土地の住人にたずねる狂言部分、主人公義経が生前の姿であらわれる後段の三部構成をとる。
- The work is written in the classic form of Fukushiki Mugen-Noh, which consists of three parts: a first part in which travelling monks happen to see fishermen, the Kyogen part (a farce played during a Noh play cycle) in which the fishermen have disappeared and the monks ask a local villager about this mystery, and a last part in which the main character Yoshitsune appears as a ghost.
- その後、土地区画整理事業実施等に伴う以下のような町名町界の変更があり、「桂」を冠称する町名は33、「桂上野」を冠称する町名は8、、「上桂」を冠称する町名は15、計56となっている。
- Then, the names and borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the implementation of land readjustment projects as follows, and there are fifty-six towns in total including the thirty-three towns which are prefixed by the name of 'Katsura,' eight towns which are prefixed by the name of 'Katsurakamino' and fifteen towns which are prefixed by the name of 'Kamikatsura.
- この事もあり、上述されている通り両国界隈および相撲開催のある土地がちゃんこ料理屋の中心地とも言える場所となっているが、昭和後期以降には広範囲にチェーン展開を行う企業も見られている。
- For that reason, as described above, places around Ryogoku and cities where sumo tournaments are held can be centers of chanko restaurants, and some companies have operated their chanko restaurant chains widely since the late Showa period.
- 具体的には、適切な植林、効率の良い薪などの燃料の確保、家畜の管理、土壌浸食の防止、灌漑、水資源の有効利用、エネルギーの再利用、適切な土地利用や農法への転換、砂の移動防止などがある。
- More specifically, these measures include planting trees more properly, securing fuel, such as more energy-efficient firewood, managing livestock, preventing soil erosion, irrigation, using resources more effectively, re-using energy, using land more properly or changing the farming method to more proper ones, and preventing sand from moving.
- 古代インドにおいては絶対的所有権の概念が存在せず、自給自足に近い生活を送る零細農家が森林を開発して田畑とした者が土地の所有者となり、国王に租税を納めることでその耕作権が保障された。
- In ancient India there did not exist the concept of absolute property right and the small farm house, which was self-sufficient, developed the forest, made it a field, became the owner of the land and was guaranteed the right to cultivate it by paying taxes to the king.
- これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。
- As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep.
- 前項の場合において、その調査する資産が不動産(土地若しくは建物又はこれらに関する所有権以外の権利をいう。)であるときは、不動産鑑定士による鑑定評価を踏まえて調査しなければならない。
- In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the assets to be investigated are Real Property (meaning lands, buildings, or rights other than the ownership pertaining thereto), the investigation must be based on an appraisal made by a real property appraiser.
- In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the assets to be investigated are Real Property (meaning lands, buildings, or rights other than the ownership pertaining thereto), the investigation shall be based on an appraisal made by a real property appraiser.
- 前条第一項の規定により筆界特定の申請人に対する通知がされた場合における筆界特定の手続の記録(以下「筆界特定手続記録」という。)は、対象土地の所在地を管轄する登記所において保管する。
- Where notice is given to the applicant for parcel boundary demarcation pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the records of the parcel boundary demarcation procedure (hereinafter referred to as the 'parcel boundary demarcation procedure records') shall be retained at the registry office that has jurisdiction over the location of the subject parcels.
- 1940年(昭和15年)4月:三井高陽氏が日本イタリア京都会館の前身である京都日伊協会に対して会館建設用地として京都市左京区吉田牛の宮町4(現日本イタリア京都会館所在地)の土地を寄付
- April 1940: Takaharu MITSUI donated to the Kyoto Japan-Italy Association, the predecessor of Nihon-Itaria Kyoto-kaikan, land located at 4, Yoshidaushinomiya-machi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City (location of current Nihon-Itaria Kyoto- Kaikan) as the building site for Nihon-Itaria Kyoto-Kaikan.
- 一方、作人や小百姓は一色田や散田など年貢の一部のみの納入で許されたが、1年ごとの更新制が普通で百姓名主や在家住人よりも土地その他に対する権利保障が無く、職が与えられることも無かった。
- Those who belonged to the latter group, such as sakunin and kobyakusho, on the other hand, were given much less rights and security over the land they worked in comparison to hyakusho-myoshu and zaike-junin, as they were usually given a one-year contract and never had a possibility to attain a managerial post, in exchange for the partial payment of nengu for fields such as isshikiden and sanden.
- 荒田の発生原因には様々な原因があるが、大きく分けると地味の乏しさなど土地本来の条件による場合と洪水による荒廃(「河成(かわなり)」)などの自然災害に由来するものに分けることが出来る。
- The reasons for Koden were various and can be largely divided into cases due to physical aspects of the property itself, such as poor soil, and cases due to natural disasters such as flooding (Kawanari).
- 地下又は空間は、工作物を所有するため、上下の範囲を定めて地上権の目的とすることができる。この場合においては、設定行為で、地上権の行使のためにその土地の使用に制限を加えることができる。
- Underground or overhead space may be used as the object of superficies in order to own structures by specifying limits in the vertical dimension. In such cases, restrictions on the use of that land may be added in the act that establishes superficies for the purpose of facilitating the exercise of the superficies.
- 漁業に関する測量、実地調査又は前二条の目的のために必要があるときは、都道府県知事の許可を受けて、他人の土地に立ち入り、又は支障となる木竹を伐採し、その他障害物を除去することができる。
- A fishery manager may enter other persons' land or cut disturbing trees or bamboos or remove obstacles, if permitted by the Governor concerned, when it is necessary for a survey concerning a fishery or field investigation or any of the purposes of the preceding two Articles.
- 敷地面積約7.8haの広大な土地には、森林と水辺の景観を生かした造りをテーマとし、川へ流れ込む雨水の量を調節する調整池の周りに、「未来」と「里山」と「深緑」の各ゾーンが設けられている。
- Covering a vast area of about 7.8 ha, particular emphasis has been put on the scenery of its woods and riverside, and zones called 'Mirai' (future), 'Satoyama' (woodland in a village), and 'Shinryoku' (greenery) have been created around the regulating reservoir which controls the amount of rainwater that feeds into the river.
- 源満仲以来の本拠地である多田に隣接する能勢地方は古くから源氏一族とも関係の深い土地であったと考えられ、能勢氏や地元の伝承などによると源頼光の長子・源頼国が最初に入部し開発したとされる。
- Lying next to Tada, which was the home to the Minamoto clan since the time of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, the Nose region is considered to have been closely related to the Minamoto clan and according to the local and the Nose clan's tradition, MINAMOTO no Yorikuni, the eldest son of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, first entered this place and exploited it
- 国又は地方公共団体は、都市計画の適切な遂行を図るため、市街化区域内の土地について、その有効な利用の促進及びその投機的取引の抑制に関し、税制上の措置その他の適切な措置を講ずるものとする。
- For the purpose of realizing proper execution of city planning, the State or local governments shall take taxation measures and other proper measures for promoting effective use and curbing speculative transactions of land in urbanization promotion areas.
- 1368年(応安元)に出された応安の半済令は、従来認められていた年貢の半分割だけでなく、土地自体の半分割をも認める内容であり、この後、守護による荘園・国衙領への侵出が著しくなっていった。
- The hanzei decree of the Oan era issued in 1368 authorized the shugo to take not only half the customs, which had already been granted, but also half the land, and subsequently the shugo penetrated deep into the manor and the Kokuga's territory.
- 反時代的にサイレント映画の製作をつづけたことや、製作費がかかりすぎたことにより多大なる負債を抱えきれなくなり、同年5月、撮影所の土地建物を京成電鉄に返上、新興キネマに合流することとなる。
- During May of the same year, Bando Tsumasaburo Productions decided to return the land and the building for their studio to Keisei Dentetsu and join Shinko Kinema since they had continued to make silent movies, going against the times, and became unable to handle their debts due to film production expenses.
- 弥生時代前期末以降に発達する環濠集落は、濃尾平野以西の各地域に水稲農耕が定着した段階であり、その定着によって引き起こされた土地や水争いなどの村落間の戦いに備えて独自に成立したと見られる。
- Individual moat settlements were developed beyond the end of Early Yayoi period in preparation for conflicts between villages over the control of land and water, as wet-rice cultivation became established in various districts on the west side of the Nobi Plain.
- 土豪とは広義には、広域を支配する領主や在地の大豪族に対して、特定の「土地の小豪族」、その地域の「在地の小豪族」という意味もあり、その場合は、地侍の主筋になる在地領主も含まれるからである。
- It is because, compared to Ryoshu and large Gozoku (powerful families) who govern wide regions, Dogo in a broader sense has a meaning of 'small Gozoku specific in the regions,' in which case Dogo includes Zaichi Ryoshu, the lord of the manors of Ji-zamurai.
- 日本の歴史上の領主はヨーロッパの農奴制における領主のように無制限に所領の土地と人民を私有財産として所有したのではなく、徴税権・支配権にかかわる一定の権利義務の体系を所持した存在であった。
- Territorial lords in Japanese history were not like those under the serf system in Europe who owned the land and people in his or her territory as his or her private property without any restrictions, but possessed a system of certain rights and responsibilities concerning tax-collecting and territory-control.
- 土地収用法第九十二条第一項中「第二十九条若しくは第三十四条の六の規定によつて事業の認定が失効し」とあるのは、「第三十九条第一項の規定による収用又は使用の裁決の申請の期限を徒過し」とする。
- The term 'the accreditation of projects becomes null and void pursuant to the provisions of Article 29 or Article 34-6' in Article 92 paragraph (1) of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act shall be read as 'the time limit for applications for ruling on expropriation or use prescribed in Article 39 paragraph (1) has elapsed'.
- 市民の足として鉄道会社が開発する沿線の土地には住宅が建てられ、そこに暮らす人々がターミナル駅のデパートで休日に買い物などに立ち寄るといった市民生活が一般的になったのも昭和初期からであった。
- It also began in the early Showa period that railways extended their network as citizen's methods of transportation and developed the land along the railroad lines, where houses were built and people went out shopping on holidays at department stores at railway terminals, and that such a lifestyle became common among people.
- それに対し、対馬は山がちで耕地が少なく土地を通じた領国支配は困難であった。そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた(宗氏領国)。
- On the other side, Tsushima was a mountainous country with small arable land, so it was difficult to govern the territory only with taxes imposed on the land.
- 中世期の特徴は、土地の支配権および収益権をめぐって、中央貴族や有力寺社、在地領主・地頭・名主など様々な主体が入り組みながら重層的な権利関係を形成している点にあった(これを職の体系という)。
- A feature of the medieval period was that, concerning land-controlling rights and tax-collecting rights, persons in various social statuses, such as nobles in Kyoto, powerful temples and shrines, local ryoshu, jito and nanushi, were related with each other and formed multi-tiered right oriented relationships (this structure called shiki-no-taikei (literally, a job system)).
- 第一項の先取特権は、他の権利に対して優先する効力を有する。ただし、共益費用、不動産保存及び不動産工事の先取特権並びに地上権又は土地の賃貸借の登記より前に登記された質権及び抵当権には後れる。
- The statutory lien set forth in paragraph (1) shall have the effect of prevailing over other rights; provided, however, that it is delayed with regard to the statutory liens for the expenses for common benefit, the preservation of immovable properties and the construction work for immovable properties, as well as the pledges and mortgages registered prior to the registration of superficies or land leases.
- しかし、律令制と現実の乖離が大きくなっていき、9世紀末~10世紀初頭ごろ、政府は税収を確保するため、律令制の基本だった人別支配体制を改め、土地を対象に課税する支配体制へと大きく方針転換した。
- However, as the the Ritsuryo system lost touch with reality, the government changed its policy from an individual-based ruling system, which was the base of the the Ritsuryo system to a land-based ruling system in order to secure tax revenue from the end of the 9th century to the beginning of the 10th century.
- 本来の植生は木材や薪の切り出しによって失われ、落ち葉や草の類も田畑の肥料として搬出されてしまった為に土壌の栄養分が乏しくなり、痩せた土地でも生きられるアカマツが優勢となってしまったのである。
- The autochthonous habitat was lost due to the exploitation of timber and firewood, and the removal of fallen leaves and underbrush used for the farmland manure impoverished the soil depriving it of nutrition, and allowed the dominant propagation of red pine trees that are resistant in poor soils.
- 廃藩置県は平安時代後期以来続いてきた特定の領主がその領地・所領を支配するという土地支配のあり方を根本的に否定・変革するものであり、「明治維新における最大の改革」であったと言えるものであった。
- Haihan-chiken fundamentally denied/changed the traditional way of ruling land, under which a specific lord ruled his territory, that had existed since the late Heian period, and was said to be 'the biggest reform implemented in the Meiji Restoration'.
- 土地の所有者は、境界又はその付近において障壁又は建物を築造し又は修繕するため必要な範囲内で、隣地の使用を請求することができる。ただし、隣人の承諾がなければ、その住家に立ち入ることはできない。
- An owner of land may request the use of the neighboring land to the extent necessary for constructing or repairing walls or buildings on or in the vicinity of the boundary; provided, however, that he/she may not enter the dwelling house of the neighbor without the approval of the same.
- 現在の亀岡市街地から篠町にかかる地域は4世紀ころまでは湖沼地だったらしいが、秦氏の大堰川(保津川)治水工事などにより利用可能な土地となると、桑田神社や屯倉が建立されたりして人の移住が見られた。
- The area from the urban district of Kameoka City to Shino-cho is believed to have been a lake or marsh until the fourth century; however, the Kuwada-jinja Shrine and the Miyake (Imperial-controlled territory) were built and people began to settle in the area, once the Hata clan reclaimed the land through the improvement of the Oi-gawa (Hozu-gawa) River.
- すなわち、近世以前の稲作適地は、地形で言えば洪積台地や河岸段丘の上、平地の分類で言えば盆地や河岸中流域など傾斜がある土地となり、集団化した農民が灌漑設備をつくって棚田をつくるのが一般的である。
- That is, before the modern times the best places for rice cropping were sloping lands, such as ones on diluvial plateaus and stream terraces in terms of landform, or basins and midstream sites in terms of classification of plains, and generally a group of farmers established an irrigation facility and built Tanada there.
- 借地権の存続期間が満了した場合において、契約の更新がないときは、借地権者は、借地権設定者に対し、建物その他借地権者が権原により土地に附属させた物を時価で買い取るべきことを請求することができる。
- In cases where the term of the Land Lease Right expires and the contract is not renewed, the Land Lease Right Holder may request that the Lessor purchase the buildings and other items that the Land Lease Right Holder has attached to the land by title at the prevailing market price.
- 土地管轄を異にする数個の関連事件が同一裁判所に係属する場合において、併せて審判することを必要としないものがあるときは、その裁判所は、決定で管轄権を有する他の裁判所にこれを移送することができる。
- When two or more related cases falling under the territorial jurisdiction of different courts are pending before one court and there is any case which need not be tried jointly by it, the court may, by a ruling, transfer such case to another court which has jurisdiction over it.
- 義弘は朝鮮の要請に従って倭寇の禁圧に努力して朝鮮国王から称賛されており、義弘は使者を朝鮮に送って祖先が百済皇子であることから、朝鮮国内の土地を賜ることを願うなど朝鮮との強いつながりを持っていた。
- He made an effort to suppress the wako (Japanese) pirates operating near Korea in compliance with a request by the Joseon king, receiving commendation and praise from the king for his success, and among other overtures, he even sent a messenger to the Joseon kingdom to express his hope that, because the Ouchi had a royal prince of Baekje as an ancestor, he be granted lands in Korea itself; all in all, Yoshihiro had forged a very strong relationship with the Joseon kingdom in Korea.
- そのため、地域一円を荘園化して山や川などの自然物をもって境界とした荘園や分散した土地を合わせて1つの荘園として扱う場合など様々な形態が存在し、中には数路にわたって多数の荘園を有する者も存在した。
- For this reason there were various types of shoens, for example, they made shoen throughout the regions, drew lines between the shoens with natural objects such as mountains, rivers, and so on, and regarded the dispersed lands as one shoen and so on and some of them possessed many shoens across the roads.
- これらの町は2009年現在も大部分が存続しているが、1997年(平成9年)と2006年(平成18年)に土地区画整理事業実施に伴う町名町界の整理があり、町数は差引で12町増えて642町となっている。
- While most of these towns still exist in 2009, the names and the borders of some towns were changed in accordance with the land readjustment project in 1997 and 2006 and the number of towns became 642 with 12 towns having been increased.
- なお『南方録』によれば、場所の選定にあたっては、その土地で「いさぎよき所」(「清々しい場所」の意味)を選ぶ他、使用する器物(茶道具)は水で濯いで清潔にすることを第一とするなどの心得が示されている。
- Nanporoku shows useful hints such as choosing a graceful (that is, refreshing) site when making selection, giving first priority to keep tea utensils to be used clean by flushing them out.
- 一 建造物、絵画、彫刻、工芸品、書跡、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの(これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。)
- 1. Tangible items (such as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphies, literatures, ancient documents and other tangible cultural products) that are highly valued in our nation, either historically or artistically (including all the auxiliary parts or land attached to such value)
- 中世の土地売買には今日の売却に相当する永代売、元金をもって買い戻す本銭返、そして年期売があったが、売主である本主の権限が最も色濃く残された年期売が農民層を中心として広く行われていたと考えられている。
- Medieval methods for selling land included the permanent sale, which corresponds to land sales today, the honsengaeshi, under which those with capital could buy back the sold land, and finally the nenki-uri, but it is thought that the nenki-uri, under which the seller had the most pronounced authority and power, became the most widely used contract, especially among farmers.
- 門客神とは、神社の門に置かれた「客人神(まろうどがみ)」のことで、「客人神」は地主神がその土地を奪われて、後からやって来た日本神話に登場する神々と立場を逆転させられて、客神となったと考えられている。
- Monkyakujin means 'Maroudogami' (guest god) placed at the gate of the shrine and 'Maroudogami' is usually the local god whose land had been taken away by the later gods that feature in Japanese myths and is placed into the inferior guest god position.
- 前項に規定する場合において、借地権者が借地権設定者の承諾を得ないで残存期間を超えて存続すべき建物を築造したときは、借地権設定者は、地上権の消滅の請求又は土地の賃貸借の解約の申入れをすることができる。
- In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, when the Land Lease Right Holder has constructed buildings that are to survive past the remaining period without receiving the consent of the Lessor, the Lessor may request that the superficies be extinguished or that the land lease be terminated.
- そこへ通りかかったこの土地の住人に、従者が「海中より珠をとってきた海人のことを知っていたら語ってくれ」というと、「奈良の大織冠の娘で淡海公の妹にあたる光伯女は、大変な美人で高宗皇帝の后となられました。
- When the retainer says to an inhabitant of the land who was passing by, 'Tell us if you know the story of the diver who retrieved an orb from the sea,' the inhabitant answers, 'The daughter of Mitsunori, the Taishokkan (Holder of the Grand Crown) from Nara who was Lord Tankai's younger sister, was very beautiful and became the empress of Emperor Gojong.
- もっとも、検地における土地の評価は担当者の判断に依拠するところが大きく、街道沿いなどの商工業が盛んな地域の田畠では高く見積もられ、政治的・軍事的要地や僻地では民心掌握のために低く見積もられ事があった。
- Evaluations of land in land surveys depended largely on the judgment of the person in charge, and this sometimes resulted in rice paddies and fields in commercial and industrial business areas being given high estimates and those in important political and military areas as well as remote areas being given low estimates in order to attract support from the public.
- 事業計画を変更して新たに事業地に編入した土地については、前項中「第五十九条」とあるのは「第六十三条第一項」と、「第六十二条第一項」とあるのは「第六十三条第二項において準用する第六十二条第一項」とする。
- With regard to land that is newly incorporated into project sites by changing the project plan, the term 'Article 59' in the preceding paragraph shall be read as 'Article 63 paragraph (1)', and the term 'Article 62 paragraph (1)' shall be read as 'Article 62 paragraph (1) applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2)'.
- 四明岳の表記、あるいは読みには多数の説があり、国土地理院による「四明岳(しめいがたけ、しめいだけ)」のほか、「京都市の地名」では「四明ヶ岳(しめがたけ)」、「四明峰(しみょうのみね)」などを挙げている。
- There are conflicting opinions as to the proper way to write and read 'Shimeigatake'; the GSI lists Shimeigatake/Shimeidake, while 'Place Names of Kyoto' lists Shimeigatake and Shimyo no Mine.
- 不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除く。以下この節において同じ。)に対する強制執行(以下「不動産執行」という。)は、強制競売又は強制管理の方法により行う。これらの方法は、併用することができる。
- Compulsory execution against real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) (such compulsory execution shall hereinafter be referred to as 'execution against real property') shall be carried out by the method of a compulsory auction or compulsory administration. These methods may be used jointly.
- 第二百十条の規定による通行権を有する者は、その通行する他の土地の損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。ただし、通路の開設のために生じた損害に対するものを除き、一年ごとにその償金を支払うことができる。
- A person who is entitled to the right of passage pursuant to the provisions of Article 210 must pay compensation for damage caused to the other land that he/she passes through; provided, however, that, except for damage arising from the construction of a road, compensation may be paid on an annual basis.
- この年の暮れには「五畿内諸国別当」に任じられ、翌寛平8年(896年)には平季長を山城国問民苦使に任じて、その報告を元にして院宮王臣家による土地の不法拡大を禁じる太政官符などの農民保護政策を打ち出している。
- In the end of the year, he was assigned to serve as a Gokinai Shokoku Betto (a director of the five central provinces), then in the following year of 896, he assigned TAIRA no Suenaga as a Momikushi (an inspector of local politics) of Yamashiro Province and according to his report, Yoshiari came up with policies covering farmers such as dajokanpu which banned illegal expansion of territory by Ingu oshin ke (imperial families and aristocrats who had strong connection with the Emperor).
- 滋賀県の鮒寿司のように、その地方の基本的食品がある一定の期間の貯蔵・熟成を経てから食べられる土地などにおいては、食品が熟成する時間と同じだけの時間が、酒質の完成にももとよりかかるように醸造される酒もある。
- In places where local basic food is eaten after storage and maturing for a certain amount of time like funazushi (fermented crucian carp sushi) in Shiga Prefecture, there is sake which is brewed using the same amount of time needed for maturing food to complete the sake quality.
- しかし、実際には領主の財政状況や所領や個々の土地の条件などによってまちまちであり、かつ分・厘・毛単位まで定められている場合が多かった(特に上方では厘毛単位まで免を定めたために、免を「厘取り」とも称した)。
- Although it actually varied depending on the financial condition of a feudal lord, the feudal estate or each land condition, and the rate was often defined in tenths, hundredths or thousandths, and in the Kyoto-Osaka area, Men was called 'Rin tori' (literally, collecting in units of Rin) because the rate was fixed to Rin.
- 発展する経済活動と土地資本体制の行政官である武士を過剰に抱える各政府(各藩)との構造的な軋轢を内包しつつも、「泰平の世」を謳歌していた江戸時代も19世紀を迎えると、急速に制度疲労による硬直化が目立ち始める。
- The Edo period enjoyed a 'peaceful world,' although there was structural conflict between developing economic activities in a city and the land capital system in the domain economy which held an excessive number of samurai, executive officers of the land capital structure, but early in the 19th century the structual fatigue became apparent rapidly as organizational inflexibility.
- 水流地の所有者は、堰を設ける必要がある場合には、対岸の土地が他人の所有に属するときであっても、その堰を対岸に付着させて設けることができる。ただし、これによって生じた損害に対して償金を支払わなければならない。
- If the owner of land containing a stream needs to construct a dam, he/she may construct that dam by fixing it to the other side even if the land on the other side is owned by others; provided, however, that he/she must pay compensation for damages arising as a result.
- この法律は、建物の所有を目的とする地上権及び土地の賃借権の存続期間、効力等並びに建物の賃貸借の契約の更新、効力等に関し特別の定めをするとともに、借地条件の変更等の裁判手続に関し必要な事項を定めるものとする。
- This Act, in addition to prescribing the special provisions concerning duration and effect, etc. of superficies and the right to lease land for the purpose of building ownership, as well as the renewal and effect, etc. of building lease contracts, prescribes the necessary matters concerning court proceedings required for changes to be made to the land lease terms and the like.
- この場合の存城処分=陸軍省行政財産とは旧城郭陣屋を、現在の概念である「文化財」として土地や建造物を保存しようとするものではなく、陸軍の兵営地等として旧来の城郭建造物、石垣、樹木等を整理すべしとしたものである。
- In this case, keeping castles (i.e. making them administrative assets of the Department of War) was not intended for preserving the lands and buildings as 'cultural properties' as in today's concept; rather, it aimed to convert time-honored castle buildings, stone walls, trees, and so on to Army posts etc.
- 前条第一項の規定による通知を受けた者は、その通知があつた日の翌日から起算して六週間以内に、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、その通知に係る遊休土地の利用又は処分に関する計画を市町村長に届け出なければならない。
- Persons who shall have received notice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article shall, pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, notify mayors of municipalities of plans to utilize or dispose of the unused land pertaining to the notice within six weeks counting from the day following the day when said notice shall have been received.
- 土地収用法第二十八条の三(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)及び第百四十二条の規定は適用せず、同法第八十九条第三項中「第二十八条の三第一項」とあるのは、「都市計画法第六十五条第一項」とする。
- The provision of Article 28-3 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act) and the provision of Article 142 of the same Act shall not apply, and the term 'Article 28-3 paragraph (1)' in Article 89 paragraph (3) of the same Act shall be read as 'Article 65 paragraph (1) of the City Planning Act'.
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- なお土地課税基調体制への移行の時期について、宇多天皇及び菅原道真の主導による寛平の治を王朝国家体制への転換準備期とし、延喜の治を時平による王朝国家体制への移行期であるとする意見(平田耿二,2000など)がある。
- Concerning the time when the old system shifted to the system based on tax on land, there is a view asserting that the era of Kanpyo no chi (Glorious rule in the Kanpyo era), led by the Emperor Uda and SUGAWARA no Michizane, was the preparatory period for the transition to the Dynastic polity regime and Engi no chi (Reign of Emperor Daigo), led by Tokihira, was the transitional period to the Dynastic polity regime (Koji HIRATA, 2000).
- 第一項の規定による一時使用のため他人の土地等に立ち入る者は、第二項の許可を受けたことを証する書面を携帯し、関係人の請求があつたときは、これを提示しなければならない。ただし、同項ただし書の場合は、この限りでない。
- A person who enters another person's Land, etc. for the purpose of temporary use under paragraph 1 shall carry a document certifying that that person has obtained permission under paragraph 2, and show such document when requested by any person concerned; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the case referred to in the proviso of the said paragraph.
- 前章第一節第二款(相隣関係)の規定は、地上権者間又は地上権者と土地の所有者との間について準用する。ただし、第二百二十九条の規定は、境界線上の工作物が地上権の設定後に設けられた場合に限り、地上権者について準用する。
- The provisions of Subsection 2, Section 1 of the preceding Chapter (Neighboring Relationships) shall apply mutatis mutandis between superficiaries or between a superficiary and a landowner; provided, however, that the mutatis mutandis application of the provisions of Article 229 to holders of superficies shall be limited to cases where structures on the boundary line are installed after the creation of the superficies.
- 同大戦後は、日本国憲法第88条の規定に基づき、天皇家の資産は原則として国有財産となり、皇居をはじめ御用地、御用邸、修学院離宮、桂離宮、埼玉鴨場などの土地建物、正倉院の宝物などはすべて国有財産(皇室用財産)となった。
- After World War II, according to Article 88 of the Japanese Constitution, land and buildings such as the Imperial Palace, Goyochi, Imperial Villa, Shugakuin Imperial Villa, Katsura Imperial Villa, Saitama Kamoba (an area designated for duck hunting), and treasures of Shoso-in, all these being the properties of the Imperial Family, became government property (property belonging to Imperial families).
- 福知山市は盆地という地形上、福知山市のほとんどを占める山間部では非常に入り組んだ地形をしているだけでなく、広い土地に多数の小規模の集落がいたるところに点在しているため、バスや鉄道がそれぞれの地域を周ることは難しい。
- Since most of Fukuchiyama City features mountain areas, as well as being part of a basin, a broad area is interspersed with many small-scale colonies, making it hard to provide bus and railroad service to all areas.
- また、楽市楽座政策をもって彼の先進性と見なす向きもあるが、戦国期に畿内を中心とした土地を大規模な範囲で支配出来たのは信長が最初であるという事情もあり、むしろ経済史の流れに沿っている側面も強いことに注意が必要である。
- The rakuichi-rakuza policy is considered to demonstrate Nobunaga's progressive outlook but there is also the fact that he was the first to achieve wide-reaching territorial control centered around the Kinki region during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and it is necessary to note that the phenomenon was very important part of economic history.
- それは、国衙が支配する土地(公田)を名田(みょうでん)という単位に再編し、当時、経済力をつけていた田堵と呼ばれる富豪層(有力百姓層)に名田経営を請け負わせることで、租税収入を確保する体制(名体制という。)であった。
- The government established the system of rule (known as myo taisei) aimed at ensuring the collection of tax revenues by reorganizing government land (public farmland) into units called myoden and by hiring influential farmers called tato, who had accumulated considerable wealth during the period, to manage the myoden.
- 土地管轄を異にする数個の事件が関連するときは、一個の事件につき管轄権を有する裁判所は、併せて他の事件を管轄することができる。但し、他の法律の規定により特定の裁判所の管轄に属する事件は、これを管轄することができない。
- When two or more cases falling under the territorial jurisdiction of different courts are related to each other, any court which has jurisdiction over one of these cases may exercise jurisdiction over the others jointly; provided, however, that such court shall not exercise jurisdiction over a case which falls under the jurisdiction of a particular court pursuant to the provisions of other acts.
- (関西系芸妓は正式にはお歯黒を付けるが現代では通常は付けない/関東系はお歯黒を付けない(関東系遊女は付ける);どちらも引眉はしない)というのが一般的である(地方などは土地柄によって束髪に普通の化粧という場合もある)。
- (Formally speaking, in the Kansai region, they used to apply tooth blackening which they no longer practice today in general, whereas, in the Kanto region, they did not apply tooth blackening (while prostitutes in Kanto did) and neither drew eyebrows with charcoal or pencil and, depending on the location in some rural areas, they wore simply wore their hair up in a bun and regular makeup.)
- だが、江戸時代に入ると、主君である征夷大将軍あるいは大名への土地支配権力の集中や藩中央と家臣の年貢米売却の競合による米価下落に伴う換金収入減少など財政上の都合から、地方知行を止めて蔵米知行に切り替える場合が増加した。
- During the early Edo period, however, more and more lords gave up Jigatachigyo in favor of Kuramaichigyo; this was due to land ruling power being concentrated in the hands of daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'); it was also due to financial reasons, such as a decrease in income as a consequence of rice falling in price caused by competition between domains and vassals in annual rice tax sales.
- しかし、1170年以降、マネーサプライの増大とそれがもたらしたインフレーションの結果、貴族たちは、賃貸していた土地や財産を取り戻すとともに、文字どおり減退してしまった現金支払の固定価値と同等の労役を再び課していった。
- However, after 1170, money supply increased and thus inflation happened and as a result, the aristocrats came to impose the same labor service as the fixed value of paying cash which was literally diminished as well as regaining the leased lands and assets.
- 9世紀末~10世紀初年に醍醐天皇及び藤原時平が主導した律令制復活の最後の試みである延喜の治が失敗に終わると、次代の朱雀天皇及び藤原忠平は、個別人身支配を基調とする体制から土地課税基調の体制へと大きな政策転回を行った。
- When the Engi no chi (Reign of the Emperor Daigo), the last attempt for reviving the Ritsuryo system led by the Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira during the period from the end of the 9th century to the early 10th century, ended in failure, the emperor Suzaku, his successor, and FUJIWARA no Tadahira made a bold policy change from the principle of people-based governance to that of tax on land.
- 明治維新の後は、城郭や陣屋にあった建物は天守も、民間によって或は、軍事施設・土地としての接収によってほとんどは払い下げ、破却されたが、中には市民運動や公人・軍関係者などの保存の働きかけなどによって保存された天守がある。
- After the Meiji Restoration, most of the structures including Tenshu which were in castles and Jinya (regional government office) were disposed of by the private sector or by government as requisitioned military facilities/land and knocked down; however, some Tenshu were conserved as a result of the civic movement and approaches by public officials/military personnel for conservation.
- 概して土地が乏しく夏場の耕作だけでは貧しかった地方の農民が、農閑期である冬に年間副収入を得るべく、配下に村の若者などを従えて、良い水が取れ酒造りを行なっている地域、いわゆる酒どころへ集団出稼ぎに行ったのが始まりである。
- Its origin is that peasants in a region where farming during only a summer period could not produce enough money due to poor lands formed a group involving young people in their villages, and they went to another region called sake-dokoro (a place famous for sake brewing) where people brewed sake using the local good water, in order to make some additional incomes during a winter period, which was an agricultural off-season.
- 蔵や店舗は自前の所有であったが、たとえば関東地方から東北地方に点在した江州蔵(ごうしゅうぐら)のように、はるか遠方に住む経営者が資本を持ち、派遣された蔵人が必要に応じて土地の労働者を季節雇用して営んでいるところもある。
- Warehouses and shops were already owned but, for example, the Kanto region through to northern Japan was dotted with Goshu warehouses which were owned by entrepreneurs in distant places where brewery workers sent to the locales would be employed on a seasonal basis as required.
- 荘園の成立時において、公験を得て正式に承認を受けると、朝廷(太政官弁官局または民部省)から派遣された使者(官使)及び国司から派遣された使者(国使)、荘官3者の立会のもとで荘園と公領などそれ以外の土地との境界を確認した。
- When shoen (manor in medieval Japan) was established and officially authorized by obtaining Kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi (provincial governors) or Gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property), its boundaries with other lands like koryo (public lands) were confirmed in the presence of an envoy dispatched by Imperial court (either Dajokan Benkan kyoku (Oversight Department: division of the Dajokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) or Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs)) (kanshi), an envoy dispatched by Kokushi (kokushi) and shokan (an officer governing shoen).
- 気象庁長官は、気象、地象、地動、地球磁気、地球電気又は水象の観測を行うため必要がある場合においては、当該業務に従事する職員を国、地方公共団体又は私人が所有し、占有し、又は占用する土地又は水面に立ち入らせることができる。
- In cases it is necessary for performing observations of meteorological phenomena, terrestrial phenomena, tremors and ground deformations, terrestrial magnetism, terrestrial electricity, or hydrological phenomena, the Director-General of the Japan Meteorological Agency may cause the staff members engaging in said services to enter land or a water surface which is owned, possessed, or occupied by the State, a local government, or a private person.
- 「門徒物知らず」とは、阿弥陀仏一仏に帰依をして、他の神仏を顧みないために、土地の神仏に関わる儀礼や風習にも関心を持たず、死者儀礼などに関わる習俗にも従わない真宗門徒の姿を、他宗の立場から「物知らず」と揶揄するものである。
- Monto mono shirazu' is a phrase that ridicules the believers of Jodo Shinshu Sect, from the standpoint of other sects, who believe solely in Amida Buddha without paying any respect to other deities and Buddha and as a result, neither pay attention to rituals and practices concerning local deities and Buddha nor follow even the customs concerning funerals of the dead.
- 建築物、美術工芸品(絵画、彫刻、伝統工芸品、書跡、典籍)、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産(これらと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地、工作物などを含む場合がある)および考古資料、歴史資料は有形文化財と定義されている。
- Tangible cultural properties are defined as being such things as buildings, art crafts (paintings, sculptures, traditional crafts, calligraphies, literature), ancient documents and other tangible cultural outcomes or products (including all the auxiliary parts, tools or land attached to its value), as well as archeological or historical resources.
- 実際、墾田永年私財法は荘園制を発生させ律令制を崩壊に追いやった元凶のように論じられていたが、実態は人民の生活保障のために執られた土地政策の一環で、律令を否定するどころか律令の法目的を補強するものであった事が判明している。
- In fact, although it was argued that the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land was very much like the main cause of the Ritsuryo system collapse by allowing the development of the manorial system, it has been proved that the law was for reinforcing the Ritsuryo system as part of the land policy, which was undertaken to guarantee the livelihoods of the people.
- それ以降は土地のほとんどが荘園として利用されたため主だった中心地はなかったが、戦国時代 (日本)になると丹波平定の命を受けた明智光秀が塩見信房を倒し、その居城であった横山城を大修築し近世型の福智山城(後の福知山城)とした。
- A central place was not established because most lands were used as manors thereafter, but in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), Mitsuhide AKECHI who was ordered to territorialize Tanba defeated Nobufusa SHIOMI, and established the modern-style Fukuchiyama-jo Castle (福智山城, later written as 福知山城) after repairing the Yokoyama-jo Castle which was the castle where Shiomi dwelled.
- 捕虜等警備自衛官は、再拘束しようとして追跡中の逃走捕虜等が土地等に入った場合において、これを再拘束するためやむを得ないと認めるときは、合理的に必要と判断される限度において、その場所(人の住居を除く。)に立ち入ることができる。
- A Self-Defense Forces personnel guarding prisoners of war, etc. may, in cases when a prisoners of war, etc. at large, to whom such Self-Defense Forces personnel guarding prisoners of war, etc. is pursuit, has entered premises, enter the site (except for residences) within the extent deemed reasonably necessary if he/she finds that inevitable in order to re-capture such prisoners of war, etc. at large.
- 電気事業者は、前項の規定により他人の土地等を一時使用しようとするときは、経済産業大臣の許可を受けなければならない。ただし、天災、事変その他の非常事態が発生した場合において、十五日以内の期間一時使用するときは、この限りでない。
- An Electricity Utility shall, when intending to use another person's Land, etc. temporarily pursuant to the preceding paragraph, obtain permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the temporary use for a period not exceeding 15 days in the event of a natural disaster, incident or other emergency.
- 裁判所は、前項の裁判をするには、建物の状況、建物の滅失があった場合には滅失に至った事情、借地に関する従前の経過、借地権設定者及び借地権者(転借地権者を含む。)が土地の使用を必要とする事情その他一切の事情を考慮しなければならない。
- When rendering the judicial decision set forth in the preceding paragraph, the court shall consider the condition of the buildings, the circumstances leading to the loss of the buildings in the case of such loss, the prior history of the leased land, circumstances pertaining to the necessity of using the land on the part of the Lessor and the Land Lease Right Holder (including the Land Sublease Right Holder) and all other circumstances.
- 増改築を制限する旨の借地条件がある場合において、土地の通常の利用上相当とすべき増改築につき当事者間に協議が調わないときは、裁判所は、借地権者の申立てにより、その増改築についての借地権設定者の承諾に代わる許可を与えることができる。
- In cases where there are land lease terms that limit remodeling and expansion, if no agreement may be reached between the parties regarding reasonable remodeling and expansion for normal use of the land, the court may, pursuant to the petition of the Land Lease Right Holder, grant permission for said remodeling and expansion in lieu of the consent of the Lessor.
- 法別表第一の二の表の法律・会計業務の項の下欄に掲げる活動|申請人が弁護士、司法書士、土地家屋調査士、外国法事務弁護士、公認会計士、外国公認会計士、税理士、社会保険労務士、弁理士、海事代理士又は行政書士としての業務に従事すること。
- Legal/Accounting Services|The applicant must engage in duties as an attorney (bengoshi), judicial scrivener (shihoushoshi), land and house investigator (tochikaokuchousashi), registered foreign lawyer (gaikokuhou jimu bengoshi), certified public accountant (koninkaikeishi), foreign certified public accountant registered in Japan (gaikoku kouninkaikeishi), certified tax accountant (zeirishi), public consultant on social and labor insurance (shakaihokenroumushi), patent attorney (benrishi), maritime procedure agent (kaijidairishi), or administrative scrivener (gyouseishoshi).
- これに着目した徳川家康は、1602年、本願寺のすぐ東(六条烏丸)の土地を教如に与え、最大の宗教勢力であった本願寺の勢力分散をはかった(自身も三河時代に一向一揆に苦しめられた経験を持っており、本願寺教団の力を大きな脅威と感じていた)。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA focused attention on this and gave land to the east of Hongwan-ji Temple (Rokujo Karasuma) to Kyonyo in 1602, aiming for the deconcentration of the power of Hongwan-ji Temple, which was the largest religious group (Ieyasu had suffered through the Ikko Ikki when he was a lord of Mikawa Province and felt seriously threatened by the power of Hongwan-ji Temple).
- 国は、国内の農業生産に必要な農地の確保及びその有効利用を図るため、農地として利用すべき土地の農業上の利用の確保、効率的かつ安定的な農業経営を営む者に対する農地の利用の集積、農地の効率的な利用の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as securing agricultural use of land suitable for farming, promoting an intensive use of farmland by those farmers whose management is efficient and stable, and promoting effective use of farmland in order to secure and effectively use the farmland for the domestic agricultural production.
- 1602年、石山退去時の見解の相違等をめぐる教団内部の対立状況が主因となり、これに徳川家康の宗教政策が作用して、顕如の長男である教如(1558年-1614年)が、家康から本願寺のすぐ東の土地(京都七条烏丸)を与えられ東本願寺を構えた。
- In 1602, mainly due to the confrontation in the sect over the difference of views when leaving Ishiyama, and the influence of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's policy on religion, Kyonyo (1558-161), Kennyo's oldest son, was given the nearby land to the east of Hongan-ji Temple (Shichijo-Karasuma, Kyoto City) by Ieyasu, and built Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.
- まとめると、歴史的に見て日本列島の里山は植生が極度に破壊された禿げ山、草山、アカマツ林から、本来の極相とは違う形で安定した二次林、あるいは竹害的な竹林、そしてその土地本来の極相林など、多様な植生が存在する場所であるということが言える。
- In summary, Satoyama in the Japanese archipelago can be defined historically as a place where we can observe diversified habitats, such as bald mountains, grass mountains and red pine forests which are the result of extreme destruction, secondary forests which are stabilized in a form different from the inherent full range of vegetation, or bamboo forests resulting from harmful bamboo invasion, and lastly, the local autochthonous climax forests.
- 都市計画事業の施行に必要な土地等を提供したため生活の基礎を失うこととなる者は、その受ける補償と相まつて実施されることを必要とする場合においては、生活再建のための措置で次の各号に掲げるものの実施のあつせんを施行者に申し出ることができる。
- Any person who may lose his/her basis of living as a result of giving up land, etc. needed for the execution of city planning projects may request the project executor to use his/her good offices of measures for livelihood rehabilitation including the implementation of the matters listed below in cases where such measures should be taken in addition to the compensation due to them.
- なお、検地による石盛の修正があった場合、石盛の増加分を石盛出目(こくもりでめ)、減少分を石盛違引(こくもりちがいびき)と称し、土地の名目が上昇(畠→田)を石間出石(こくましゅっこく)、反対に下落(田→畠)を石間引(こくまびき)と称した。
- Furthermore, when Kokumori was to be revised in a land survey, an increase in Kokumori was called 'Kokumori-deme' and a decrease was called 'Kokumori-chigaibiki'; the term used when upgrading a piece of land (e.g.: from a field to a rice paddy) became called 'Kokuma-shukkoku' and downgrading (e.g.: from a rice paddy to a field) became called 'Kokuma-biki.'
- 登記官は、表示に関する登記のうち、区分建物に関する敷地権について表題部に最初に登記をするときは、当該敷地権の目的である土地の登記記録について、職権で、当該登記記録中の所有権、地上権その他の権利が敷地権である旨の登記をしなければならない。
- When a registrar makes the first registration of a description in the heading section in relation to a right of site to a condominium unit, he/she shall, by his/her own authority, make a registration with regard to the registration record of the land on which the right of site is established, to the effect that the ownership, superficies or other right registered in the registration record is categorized as a right of site.
- 安東氏の所領は稲作には必ずしも適さない土地に広がっており、その内陸部から得る利益は少ないものの、日本海に大きな交易網を形成することにより多大な経済的利益を得ることが可能な沿岸部の良港を押さえていたことから、海の豪族とする見方がされている。
- The Ando clan's territory, which was extended on the land infeasible for cultivation, and the profits gained from the inner land was scarce, however, the clan was gripping key ports along the coast, which had possibility to provide the clan an enormous benefit through a large-scale trading net in the Sea of Japan, and in this sense, the clan can be considered as a maritime local ruling family.
- 「源平藤橘(げんぺいとうきつ)」と呼ばれる源氏、平氏、藤原氏、橘氏といった強力な氏族が最も名を馳せていた時代、地方に移り住んだ氏族の一部が他の同じ氏族の人間と区別をはかるため土地の名前などを自分の家名(屋号)とし、それが後の名字となった。
- In the age of 'Gen Pei To Kitsu,' when a strong Shizoku family like the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, or the Fujiwara or Tachibana clans, were in their prime, a part of the Shizoku population that moved to local regions began to use other names, for example like a place name, for its Kamei (Yago, house name) to distinguish themselves from other people from the same clan, and this led to Myoji (family name) being used later.
- 特定目的会社以外の者であって政令で定めるものが前号の特定資産の価格につき調査した結果(当該特定資産が不動産(土地若しくは建物又はこれらに関する所有権以外の権利をいう。)であるときは、不動産鑑定士による鑑定評価を踏まえて調査したものに限る。)
- the results of an investigation made by a person other than the Specific Purpose Company who has been specified by a Cabinet Order with regard to the value of the Specified Assets set forth in the preceding item (in cases where said Specified Assets consist of Real Property (meaning a land lot, building, or any right related thereto other than ownership), limited to that for which an investigation was made based on an appraisal by a real property appraiser);
- the results of an investigation made with regard to the value of the Specified Assets referred to in the preceding item by a person other than the Specific Purpose Company who is specified by a Cabinet Order (in cases where the Specified Asset is Real Property (meaning lands, buildings, or rights other than the ownership thereof), limited to an investigation based on an appraisal by a real property appraiser);
- 近代的な空調設備を用いず、その土地の自然な冬の寒さを利用して仕込む寒造り(寒仕込み)は、いまなおあちこちで伝承もしくは復活されているわけであるが、そうした製法によって生産された酒を、現在わざわざ「寒酒」と呼ぶことはほとんどなくなってしまった。
- Kanzukuri (Kanjikomi) that uses an area's naturally low winter temperature without incorporating modern ventilation systems, has been handed down or revived in various areas, but sake made with such methods is rarely called 'kanshu' nowadays.
- 土地には耕作権を意味する「作職」、年貢徴収請負権の「名主」、荘園領主への年貢納入を請け負う「地頭職」などが重層に存在し、さらに国衙や守護職が令制国単位で影響力を及ぼしていたため、武士の主従関係も一対一の単純なものであるとは限られていなかった。
- There was a multilayered structure of rights claimed for a land including 'saku-shiki' which meant the right of cultivation, 'myoshu' which referred to the right to collect land taxes, and 'jito-shiki' which was responsible for paying out land taxes to the lord of the manor; besides, as the provincial government office and the military governor possessed influence on each province, master-servant relationships among samurai were not necessarily a simple one-to-one relationship.
- 一般ガス事業者、簡易ガス事業者及びガス導管事業者は、その一般ガス事業、簡易ガス事業又はガス導管事業の用に供するガス工作物の設置に関する測量、実地調査又は工事のため必要があるときは、経済産業大臣の許可を受けて、他人の土地に立ち入ることができる。
- A General Gas Utility, Community Gas Utility and Gas Pipeline Service Provider may, when it is necessary in order to conduct the taking of measurements, field investigations or construction of Gas Facilities to be used for the General Gas Utility Business, Community Gas Utility Business or Gas Pipeline Service Business, enter another person's land with permission from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の群雄割拠が諸国に文化的な独自性を持たせたことも追い風となって、それぞれの土地の一般庶民の食文化との相互補完をベースとしながら、各地に数々の新しいローカルブランドが誕生し、味、酒質、製造量などの点において多様化が進んでいった。
- Promoted by the cultural independencies of various provinces in the rivalry of powerful leaders of the Sengoku period (period of warring states), many new local brands were produced in various places, integrated with the food culture of common people in each places, and they became diversified in the points of taste, quality, amount of production, and so on.
- 埋蔵文化財は、日本の文化財保護法上の定義では、第92条(旧第57条[以下平成17年3月31日まで施行されていた条文を「旧」で示す])の「土地に埋蔵されている文化財」としているが、事実上、考古学の研究対象となる遺跡あるいは考古資料とほぼ同義である。
- Under Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Article 57 of the former Protection Law [took effect until March 31, 2005]), buried cultural properties are defined as 'cultural properties whichare buried underground,' but they are practically taken as almost synonymous with remains and archaeological materials subjected to the study of archaeology.
- 前項の規定により宅地又はかき、さく等で囲まれた土地若しくは水面に立ち入らせる場合においては、あらかじめその旨をその所有者、占有者又は占用者に通知しなければならない。但し、これらの者に対し、あらかじめ通知することが困難であるときは、この限りでない。
- In cases the Director-General of the Japan Meteorological Agency cause the staff members to enter either a building lot or a plot of land or water surface enclosed with fences, rails, etc. pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall so notify the owner, possessor, or occupant thereof in advance. However, this shall not apply when it is difficult to so notify said person in advance.
- 前条第二項の規定による公告があつた場合において、当該都市計画施設の区域又は市街地開発事業の施行区域内の土地の所有者又は関係人のうちに当該都市計画が定められたことにより損失を受けた者があるときは、当該施行予定者は、その損失を補償しなければならない。
- In cases where the public notice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article has been given, if any of landowners or persons having interests in the land within the relevant city planning facility areas or work execution areas of urban area development projects, suffer a loss owing to the fact that the relevant city plans have been established, the relevant scheduled project executors shall compensate for the loss.
- 電気事業者又は卸供給事業者は、道路、橋、溝、河川、堤防その他公共の用に供せられる土地に電気事業又は卸供給を行う事業の用に供する電線路を設置する必要があるときは、その効用を妨げない限度において、その管理者の許可を受けて、これを使用することができる。
- An Electricity Utility or Wholesale Supplier may, when it is necessary to install Electric Lines to be used for an Electricity Business or Wholesale Supply on a road, bridge, ditch, river, embankment or other public land, use them with permission from the administrator thereof to the extent that such use does not impair their usability.
- 現在の学問的水準からみれば問題の多い江戸時代の治定作業ではあるが、それらは決していい加減なものではなく、天皇陵について記載された文献資料を集め、それと地名や土地の伝承などを照らし合わせることで行われており、当時としてはかなりの高水準のものであった。
- Judged by current academic standards, the identifications of mausoleums during the Edo period had various problems, but these identifications were never made based on arbitrary standards; various documents regarding imperial mausoleums were collected and compared against place names and local traditions in order to identify mausoleums and relatively high levels of research was conducted by the standards at the time.
- 民家の重要文化財指定に際して「土地」を併せて指定するということには民家の母屋のみならず、門、塀、蔵、井戸、祠等の付属建物、石垣、水路、庭園、堀等の工作物、さらには宅地、山林などを併せて指定することによって、屋敷構え全体の保存を図ろうとする意図がある。
- In fact, the designation of a private house as an important cultural property together with the land implies the intent to preserve the entire residence for posterity, thus encompassing not only the private house main building but also the attached construction such as the gate, fence, warehouse, well, shrine, structures such as stone walls, the waterway, garden, and moat, housing lot, forest, etc.
- だが、16世紀末から17世紀初めにかけて起きた壬辰倭乱・丁酉倭乱・丁卯胡乱・丙子胡乱の4つの戦乱によって職田制が崩壊し、17世紀後半には免税特権を国家から与えられた宮荘や屯庄が設置されるとともに土地売買の制約が一層緩くなり、荘園制度は最盛期を迎えた。
- However, by the four wars of Jinshin waran (the Bunroku War in Korean), the Japanese Invasion in 1597, the First Manchu invasion of Korea and the Second Manchu invasion of Korea, the 'office land' (chikchon) system collapsed and during the late seventeenth century, kyuso or tonsho which were given the privilege of tax exemption from the nation were set up and the constraints on the purchase and sale of land were increasingly loosened and the shoen system culminated.
- 江戸時代になると、諸藩の藩主は、強大な統治権を得るために、家臣の知行を、土地を直接給付して独自に徴税を行わせる地方知行制から、藩が一括して徴税した米を中心とした農産物を家臣に給付して、その一部を商人を通じて換金させる蔵米知行に転換することを目指した。
- In the Edo period, the lord of each domain tried to change the fief system of their vassal from a local enforcement system in which the land was provided directly for the vassal and the vassal collected tax individually into kuramaichigyo in which the lord of the domain collected rice and farm products collectively and provided them for their vassal who, in turn, changed them into money through a dealer, in order to extend their ruling power.
- 「交戦団体」とは、分離独立・政府転覆を企図した場合で、「土地をよこせ」といった要求のための実力行使などは次元の低いもので該当しない(榎本自身は、別に日本からの「分離独立」や「新政府転覆」を企てているわけでは無いので、「交戦団体」認定を受ける必要性は無い)。
- A 'warring group' can be used in case of attempting separation and independence from Japan or overthrow of the government, therefore, any use of the force for a demand such as taking away someone's land is not serious and is not applable (Enomoto had no intention to attempt 'separation and independence' from Japan nor 'overthrow of the government', so his group did not need to be certified as a 'warring group'.)
- この法律の施行前にこの法律による改正前の法律の規定により土地調整委員会又は中央公害審査委員会がした処分その他の行為は、政令で別段の定めをするものを除き、この法律又はこの法律による改正後の法律の相当規定により、公害等調整委員会がした処分その他の行為とみなす。
- The disposition and other acts committed by the Land Coordination Committee and the Central Public Pollution Investigation Commission pursuant to the provisions of the acts before the revision by this Act prior to the enforcement thereof shall be deemed as the disposition and other acts committed by the Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission pursuant to reasonable provisions of this Act or other acts after the revision by this Act, except as otherwise provided by the Cabinet Order.
- 借地権を設定する場合(前条第二項に規定する借地権を設定する場合を除く。)においては、第九条の規定にかかわらず、借地権を消滅させるため、その設定後三十年以上を経過した日に借地権の目的である土地の上の建物を借地権設定者に相当の対価で譲渡する旨を定めることができる。
- In cases where a Land Lease Right is to be established (excluding cases where a Land Lease Right as prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article is to be established), notwithstanding the provisions of Article 9, it may be prescribed that in order to extinguish the Land Lease Right, on the day that thirty years or more have passed since said right was established, the buildings on the land that is the object of the Land Lease Right shall be transferred to the Lessor for a reasonable price.
- 不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除き、第四十三条第二項の規定により不動産とみなされるものを含む。以下この章において同じ。)を目的とする担保権(以下この章において「不動産担保権」という。)の実行は、次に掲げる方法であつて債権者が選択したものにより行う。
- Exercise of a security interest in real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable, and including what are deemed to be real property pursuant to the provisions of Article 43(2); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) (hereinafter referred to as a 'real property security interest' in this Chapter) shall be carried out by either of the following methods that has been chosen by the obligee:
- 土地の収用による権利の移転の登記を申請する場合には、当該収用により消滅した権利又は失効した差押え、仮差押え若しくは仮処分に関する登記を指定しなければならない。この場合において、権利の移転の登記をするときは、登記官は、職権で、当該指定に係る登記を抹消しなければならない。
- When filing an application for a registration of transfer of right by reason of expropriation of land, the applicant shall designate the registration regarding the right that has been extinguished or the attachment, provisional attachment or provisional disposition that has lost its effect by reason of the expropriation. In this case, when a registrar makes a registration of transfer of right, he/she shall, by his/her own authority, cancel the designated registration.
- 筆界特定の申請があったときは、筆界特定の申請人及び関係人は、筆界特定登記官に対し、対象土地の筆界について、意見又は資料を提出することができる。この場合において、筆界特定登記官が意見又は資料を提出すべき相当の期間を定めたときは、その期間内にこれを提出しなければならない。
- When an application for parcel boundary demarcation is filed, the applicant for parcel boundary demarcation and the related persons may submit their opinions or materials with regard to the parcel boundary between the subject parcels. In this case, if a registrar for parcel boundary demarcation has specified a reasonable period during which such opinions or materials should be submitted, submission shall be made within such period.
- 前項に規定する場合には、執行裁判所又は執行官は、民事執行の目的である財産(財産が土地である場合にはその上にある建物を、財産が建物である場合にはその敷地を含む。)に対して課される租税その他の公課について、所管の官庁又は公署に対し、必要な証明書の交付を請求することができる。
- In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, an execution court or court execution officer may make a request to the government agency or public office with jurisdiction for issuance of a necessary certificate with regard to a tax or public charges imposed on the property that is the subject matter of civil execution (when the property is land, it shall include any building built on such land, and when the property is a building, it shall include the building site).
- 第二十一条第一項若しくは第四項又は前条第一項若しくは第三項の規定により家畜の死体又は家畜伝染病の病原体により汚染し、若しくは汚染したおそれがある物品を埋却した土地は、農林水産省令で定める期間内は、掘つてはならない。ただし、都道府県知事の許可を受けたときは、この限りでない。
- Land in which carcasses of domestic animals or objects that are contaminated or are likely to be contaminated by pathogens of a domestic animal infectious disease have been buried under the provisions of Article 21 paragraph 1 or paragraph 4, or paragraph 1 or paragraph 3 of the preceding Article may not be excavated within the period prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, provided, however, that this shall not apply when the permission of the prefectural governor has been obtained.
- この法律の施行の際現に この法律による改正前の法律の規定により土地調整委員会又は中央公害審査委員会に対してされている申請その他の手続は、政令で別段の定めをするものを除 き、この法律又はこの法律による改正後の法律の相当規定により、公害等調整委員会に対してされた手続とみなす。
- The applications and other procedures actually filed with the Land Coordination Committee or the Central Public Pollution Investigation Commission pursuant to the provisions of the acts before the revision by this Act prior to the enforcement of this Act shall be deemed as the procedures filed with the Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission pursuant to reasonable provisions of this Act or other acts after the revision by this Act, except as otherwise provided by the Cabinet Order.
- 都市再開発は既存の市街地で権利変換を行うもので、地域住民との合意形成に時間を要するが、未だ市街化されていない地域で行われるニュータウン建設などの場合は、農地などの大規模な土地を比較的低価格で得ることが可能であり、かつ効率的に都市計画決定などの手続きを進めることも可能である。
- Since urban redevelopment is conducted by exchange of rights in an existing urban area, it requires some time for consensus building with local residents; however, when a new towns is constructed in areas that has not been urbanized yet, it is possible to acquire large area of land, such as land used for agriculture, for a relatively low price and to carry out effectively necessary procedures including urban planning decisions.
- 前項の規定による検査の結果、有害動物又は有害植物があると認めた場合において、これを駆除し、又はそのまん延を防止するため必要があるときは、植物防疫官は、当該植物、容器包装、土地、貯蔵所、倉庫、事業所、船車又は航空機を所有し、又は管理する者に対し、その消毒を命ずることができる。
- In the event that the plant protection officer decides as a result of the inspection pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph that there are injurious animals or injurious plants and that it is necessary to perform disinfestations or prevent their spread, he/she may order persons who own or administrate such plants, containers or packages, sites, storage places, warehouses, offices, vessels, vehicles or aircraft to disinfect them.
- 不動産登記法の一部を改正する等の法律(昭和三十五年法律第十四号)附則第五条第一項に規定する土地又は建物についての表示に関する登記の申請義務については、なお従前の例による。この場合において、次の表の上欄に掲げる同項の字句は、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる字句に読み替えるものとする。
- With regard to the obligation to file an application for a registration of a description of land or building prescribed in Article 5, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act for Partial Revision to the Real Property Registration Act, etc. (Act No. 14 of 1960), the provisions then in force shall remain applicable. In this case, the terms and phrases listed in the left-hand column of the following table which appear in the provision of said paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with the terms and phrases listed in the right-hand column of said table, respectively.
- この点について、臨済宗の無著道忠は、修利を修理とするのは間違いと指摘した上で「伝説では大権修利はインドの阿育王の郎子であり、阿育王の建てた舎利塔を守るものと言われ、その神力によって中国明州の招宝山に来たりて、手を額にかざし四百州を回望する、また阿育王寺でこれを祀り土地神とした。
- About this point, Mujaku Dochu of the Rinzai sect said, after he mentioned that it was wrong to write Shuri as '修理,' 'Legend holds that Daigen shuri was a lad (vocative) of Ashoka the Great of India and was a guardian of stupas constructed by Ashoka, and he came to Mt. Shoho in Mingzhou, China, by his divine power to look out over the whole land of China putting his hand over his eyes, and then Aikuo-ji Temple enshrined him as an earth deity.
- 敷地権付き区分建物についての所有権又は担保権(一般の先取特権、質権又は抵当権をいう。以下この条において同じ。)に係る権利に関する登記は、第四十六条の規定により敷地権である旨の登記をした土地の敷地権についてされた登記としての効力を有する。ただし、次に掲げる登記は、この限りでない。
- A registration of a right pertaining to ownership of or a security interest (meaning a general statutory lien, pledge or mortgage; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) in a condominium unit with a registered right of site shall have the effect of a registration made relating to the right of site to the land for which a registration of categorization as a right of site has been made pursuant to the provision of Article 46; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the following registrations:
- 市町村長は、前項の告示に係る事業施行期間の終了の日又は第六十九条の規定により適用される土地収用法第三十条の二の規定により準用される同法第三十条第二項の通知を受ける日まで、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、前項の図書の写しを当該市町村の事務所において公衆の縦覧に供しなければならない。
- The mayors of municipalities shall, pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, have the copies of drawings and document set forth in the preceding paragraph open to public inspection at the offices of the relevant municipalities until the end of the project execution period pertaining to the public notice set forth in the preceding paragraph or until the day when they receive the notice provided by Article 30 paragraph (2) of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act, which applied mutatis mutandis under the provision of Article 30-2 of the said Act which applies pursuant to the provision of Article 69.
- 植物防疫官は、有害動物又は有害植物が附着しているおそれがある植物又は容器包装があると認めるときは、土地、貯蔵所、倉庫、事業所、船車又は航空機に立ち入り、当該植物及び容器包装等を検査し、関係者に質問し、又は検査のため必要な最少量に限り、当該植物又は容器包装を無償で集取することができる。
- In the event that the plant protection officer considers that there are plants, containers or packages to which injurious animals or injurious plants could be attached, he/she may enter sites, storage places, warehouses, offices, vessels, vehicles or aircraft, and inspect such plants, containers, packages or other, question the persons concerned, or collect such plants, containers or packages without compensation, up to a minimum quantity that is necessary for inspection.
- 例えば、京都市役所の所在地である「京都市中京区寺町通御池上ル上本能寺前町488番地」の場合は、「上本能寺前町」が土地登記上の正式の町名(郵便番号もこれに割り当てられる)、「寺町通」は建物が面している通りの名であり、「寺町通御池上ル」は「寺町通と御池通の交差点から北に行った位置」を表す。
- As for the address of the Kyoto City Hall 'Kyoto-shi Nakagyo-ku Teramachi-dori Miike Agaru Kami-Honnojimae-cho 488 Banchi / 488 Kami-Honnojimae-cho, Teramachi-dori Miike Agaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City,' for example, 'Kami-Honnojimae-cho' is the official town name (to which a ZIP code is assigned) in the land registry, 'Teramachi-dori' is the name of the street on which the building is located, and 'Teramachi-dori Miike Agaru' points to 'the place to the north of the intersection of Teramachi-dori and Miike-dori streets.'
- この御家人制は平安時代以降の土地制度である荘園公領制に立脚した守護地頭制に由来し、御家人に対して先祖伝来の所領の地頭に任命する本領安堵、また武功に対して新たに地頭に人目し所領を与える新恩給与による御恩を受ける代わりに鎌倉殿の課す軍役や京都大番役、鎌倉番役を課す奉公によって成立している。
- The lower-ranking vassal system originated from the Shugo and Jito system based on shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates) which was the land system after the Heian period, and it consisted of honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) where gokenin were appointed to Jito of the territory inherited from the ancestor and military service imposed by Kamakura-dono or the service of Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) and Kamakura Banyaku (guards of Kamakura), instead of giving a favor by shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) where Jito was newly given a territory for their deed of valor.
- 国は、森林の適正な保全を図るため、土地の形質の変更その他の森林の保全に著しい支障を及ぼすおそれがある行為に関し、その支障を防止するために必要な規制、災害による土砂の崩壊の防止及びその復旧のための森林土木事業の推進、森林病害虫の駆除及びそのまん延の防止その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures to conserve forest adequately, including promotion of the controls required for the prevention of adverse effect of activities such as changes in the character of land that are likely to cause significant impacts on forest conservation, prevention of landslides to be caused by disasters, promotion of civil work to restore the damages caused by such events, and extermination of forests diseases and pests and prevention of their spread.
- 執行官は、第一項の調査のため必要がある場合には、市町村(特別区の存する区域にあつては、都)に対し、不動産(不動産が土地である場合にはその上にある建物を、不動産が建物である場合にはその敷地を含む。)に対して課される固定資産税に関して保有する図面その他の資料の写しの交付を請求することができる。
- In cases where it is necessary for the investigation set forth in paragraph (1), a court execution officer may request the municipality (or, for an area where there are special wards, the metropolitan government) to deliver copies of drawings or any other materials it possesses with regard to the fixed property tax imposed on the real property (when the real property is land, it shall include any building built on such land, and when the real property is a building, it shall include the building site).
- この法令によって意図されたものとしては、今後の室町幕府の土地に関する基本的原則と所領訴訟に対する姿勢が確立して、結果的には守護領国制が事実上公認されたこと、半済から守られることとなった天皇家や摂関家との関係を強化して後年の義満による朝廷・院政支配への道を開いたことの意味の方が大きいと言える。
- Among the goals in the enactment of this law, the following points can be regarded as more significant than others: First, the basic principles of administration of territories and the basic approach toward litigation over territories were established by the Muromachi bakufu, resulting in the de facto recognition of the Shugo-ryogoku system; second, the relationships with the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke, both of which were exempt from hanzei by this law, were strengthened, clearing the way for Yoshimitsu to rule over the Imperial Court and the Retired Emperor in later years.
- 登記記録 表示に関する登記又は権利に関する登記について、一筆の土地又は一個の建物ごとに第十二条の規定により作成される電磁的記録(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。)をいう。
- registration record: an electromagnetic record (meaning a record made in an electronic form, a magnetic form, or any other form not recognizable to human perception, which is used in information processing by computers; the same shall apply hereinafter) which is prepared pursuant to the provision of Article 12 in relation to a registration of a description or registration of a right for each parcel of land or each building;
- 当時の建物の敷地は現在の建物の東隣にある、石碑や像などが建っていて寺田屋の庭のようになっている場所(京都市伏見区南浜町262番地)であるが、この土地は大正3年(1914年)に所有者(寺田屋主人とは血縁関係にない)から当時の京都府紀伊郡伏見区に寄付され、市町村合併を経て現在は京都市の市有地である。
- The premises of the building at that time correspond to the area (262 Minamihama-cho, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) to the east of the current building, which includes a monument and a stone statue, serving as a garden for the current Teradaya; the ground was donated to Fushimi Ward, Kii District at that time in 1914 by the landowner (who is not related to the owner of the current Teraedaya), and after municipal mergers, it is presently owned by Kyoto City.
- 筆界特定の申請があったときは、筆界特定登記官は、第百三十三条第一項本文の規定による公告をした時から筆界特定をするまでの間に、筆界特定の申請人及び関係人に対し、あらかじめ期日及び場所を通知して、対象土地の筆界について、意見を述べ、又は資料(電磁的記録を含む。)を提出する機会を与えなければならない。
- When an application for parcel boundary demarcation is filed, a registrar for parcel boundary demarcation shall, during the period after giving public notice under the provision of the main clause of Article 133, paragraph (1) and before making a parcel boundary demarcation, provide the applicant for parcel boundary demarcation and the related persons with the opportunity to state their opinions or submit materials (including an electromagnetic record) with regard to the parcel boundary between the subject parcels, while giving notice to those persons of the date and place of such hearing or submission in advance.
- 漁業調整委員会又 は水産政策審議会は、この法律の規定によりその権限に属させられた事項を処理するために必要があると認めるときは、その委員又は委員会若しくは審議会の事 務に従事する者をして他人の土地に立ち入つて、測量し、検査し、又は測量若しくは検査の障害になる物を移転し、若しくは除去させることができる。
- Each Fisheries Adjustment Commission or the Fisheries Policy Council may let the commission members or the persons engaged in the affairs of the commission or the council enter other persons' land, to survey or inspect, or to move or remove things obtrusive to the surveying or inspection, when the commission or council finds it necessary for dealing with the matters belonging to its authority pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
- 裁定の申請に係る土地の 上に定着物を有する者は、第三項の意見書において、海区漁業調整委員会に対し、使用権を設定すべき旨の裁定をしようとする場合には当該工作物の移転料に関 する裁定をすべきことを申請することができる。但し、当該工作物が前条第三項の通知があつた後に設置されたものであるときは、この限りでない。
- A person having a fixture on the land pertaining to the application for ruling may file such an application in the written opinion of paragraph (3) with the Sea-area Fisheries Adjustment Commission, that in the case where ruling is going to be granted to the effect that the use right should be established, ruling concerning the transfer charge of said structure should be granted; provided that the same shall not apply if said structure is established after the notice of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article.
- 建武の新政は表面上は復古的であるが、内実は蒙古的な天皇専制を目指し、武家を排除した公家中心の政権運営を敷き、性急な改革、土地訴訟への対応の不備や恩賞の不公平、大内裏建設計画などその施策の大半が各方面、特に武士勢力の不満を呼び、また有名な二条河原の落書に観られるようにその無能を批判され、権威を全く失墜した。
- The Kenmu Restoration appeared to be a reactionary movement, but was in fact an old and ignorant imperial dictatorship, and most of the measures introduced, such as aristocracy-centered political management that excluded the samurai, sudden reforms, inability to handle lawsuits for land, inequality in rewards, and the unreasonable Daidairi Construction Plan, caused discontent in various sectors, especially in the samurai class. As a consequence, criticism of the government for its incompetency grew, as was evidenced in the famous Nijogawara Graffiti, and the government completely lost power over the public.
- 兒玉源太郎総督の下で1898年に民政長官に就任した後藤新平は、土地改革、ライフラインの整備、アヘン中毒患者の撲滅、学校教育の普及、製糖業などの産業の育成を行うことにより台湾の近代化を推進し、一方で植民地統治に対する反逆者には取り締まりをするという『飴と鞭』の政策を有効に用いることで植民地支配の体制を確立した。
- In 1898, Shinpei GOTO assumed the post of Chief of Home Affairs under the direction of Gentaro KODAMA, the governor-general, and GOTO established Japan's approach to its rule of Taiwan through the effective use of a 'carrot and stick' policy; that is, he promoted the modernization of Taiwan by carrying out land reform, providing utilities that were essential to people's livelihoods, eradicating opium addiction, making school educational more accessible to all, and developing industries such as sugar manufacturing, while at the same time cracking down on those who opposed colonial rule.
- 第六条第二項及び第三項の規定は、筆界特定の事務について準用する。この場合において、同条第二項中「不動産」とあるのは「対象土地」と、「登記所」とあるのは「法務局又は地方法務局」と、「法務局若しくは地方法務局」とあるのは「法務局」と、同条第三項中「登記所」とあるのは「法務局又は地方法務局」と読み替えるものとする。
- The provisions of Article 6, paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the affairs for parcel boundary demarcation. In this case: in paragraph (2) of said Article, the term 'real property' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the subject parcels,' the term 'registry offices' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Legal Affairs Bureaus or District Legal Affairs Bureaus,' and the term 'Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Legal Affairs Bureau'; in paragraph (3) of said Article, the term 'registry office(s)' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'Legal Affairs Bureau(s) or District Legal Affairs Bureau(s).'
- 管理者が正当な事由がないのに第一項の許可を拒んだとき、又は管理者の定めた使用料の額が適正でないときは、主務大臣(同項に規定する道路、橋、溝、河川、堤防その他公共の用に供せられる土地の管理を所掌する大臣をいう。第五項において同じ。)は、一般ガス事業者等の申請により使用を許可し、又は使用料の額を定めることができる。
- Where the administrator has refused to grant permission under paragraph 1 without justifiable grounds or the amount of the user's fee determined by the administrator is inappropriate, the Competent Minister (which means the minister in charge of administration of the road, bridge, ditch, river, embankment or other public land prescribed in the said paragraph; hereinafter the same shall apply in paragraph 5) may, upon application by the General Gas Utility, etc., grant permission or determine the amount of the user's fee.
- 文化財保護法第2条第1項第1号では、建築物、絵画、彫刻、工芸、書道、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で、日本国にとって歴史上または芸術上価値の高いもの(これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。)並びに考古資料及びその他の学術上価値の高い歴史資料を、「有形文化財」と定義している。
- Under No.1, Item 1, Article 2 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, 'tangible cultural properties' are defined as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphy, classical books, paleography, and other cultural products with tangible forms (including land and other properties that create value by being a part of those products) that possess high historical or artistic value for Japan as well as archaeological artifacts and other historical documents with high academic values.
- ずっと後のことではあるが、推古天皇32年(624年)、馬子が葛城県(馬子の本居(ウブスナ)とされる)の支配権を望んだ時、女帝は、「あなたは私の叔父ではあるが、だからといって、公の土地を私人に譲ってしまっては、後世の人には私が愚かな女だといわれ、一方であなたも、不忠だと謗られよう」と言って、この要求を拒絶したという。
- It is said that, long afterward in 624, when Umako hoped for the right to rule Katsuragi-ken Prefecture (which is said to be Umako's birthplace), she refused this demand by saying that 'even though you are my uncle, if I donate a public land to a private person, the future generation will call me a foolish woman and, on the other hand, they will criticize you as being disloyal.'
- 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
- While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.
- 管理者が正当な理由がな いのに第一項の許可を拒んだとき、又は管理者の定めた使用料の額が適正でないときは、主務大臣(同項に規定する道路、橋、溝、河川、堤防その他公共の用に 供せられる土地の管理を所掌する大臣をいう。第五項において同じ。)は、電気事業者又は卸供給事業者の申請により、使用を許可し、又は使用料の額を定める ことができる。
- Where the administrator has refused to grant permission under paragraph 1 without justifiable grounds or the amount of the user's fee determined by the administrator is inappropriate, the Competent Minister (which means the minister in charge of administration of the road, bridge, ditch, river, embankment or other public land prescribed in the said paragraph; hereinafter the same shall apply in paragraph 5) may, upon application by the Electricity Utility or Wholesale Supplier, grant permission or determine the amount of the user's fee.
- 明治政府から太政官達書として大蔵省に発せられた文書で、今まで全国の城郭の土地建物については、陸軍省所管財産であったが、今後陸軍が軍用の財産として残す部分については存城処分、すなわち引き続き陸軍省所管の国有財産行政財産とするも、それ以外については廃城処分、すなわち大蔵省所管の国有財産普通財産に所管換えし、大蔵省において処分すべし、とした。
- This Ordinance is a document issued from the Meiji Government to Okura-sho as a notice of Dajokan, stating that among the lands and buildings of castles across the country that had belonged to the Department of War, those that are to be retained by the Army for military purposes will be kept, meaning they will continue to be national administrative assets, and the other lands and buildings will be disposed of, meaning they will be national ordinary properties managed by and to be disposed of by Okura-sho.
- 前項の場合において、建物の滅失があっても、借地権者が、その建物を特定するために必要な事項、その滅失があった日及び建物を新たに築造する旨を土地の上の見やすい場所に掲示するときは、借地権は、なお同項の効力を有する。ただし、建物の滅失があった日から二年を経過した後にあっては、その前に建物を新たに築造し、かつ、その建物につき登記した場合に限る。
- In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, even if the buildings have been destroyed, when the Land Lease Right Holder posts a notice of matters necessary to identify the buildings, the day the buildings were lost, and the intent to construct new buildings in a clearly visible location on the land, the Land Lease Right shall be effective as provided in the same paragraph; provided, however, that if two years have passed since the day the original buildings were destroyed, limited to the cases where the buildings were newly constructed and registered before that date.
- 都市計画事業については、土地収用法第二十条(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による事業の認定は行なわず、第五十九条の規定による認可又は承認をもつてこれに代えるものとし、第六十二条第一項の規定による告示をもつて同法第二十六条第一項(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による事業の認定の告示とみなす。
- With regard to city planning projects, the accreditation of projects pursuant to the provision of Article 20 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act) shall not be made but the approval or recognition pursuant to the provision of Article 59 shall be substituted for it, and the public notice pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1) shall be deemed to be that of the accreditation of projects pursuant to the provision of Article 26 paragraph (1) of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act).
- 亀岡盆地は太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ保津川・保津峡と名付けたという伝説も残っており、出雲大神宮(千歳町)の祭神となっている。
- In ancient times, the present-day Kameoka Basin was a large lake, and the region around the basin is said to have been named Ni-no-umi (cinnabar wave), or Tanba, after cinnabar waves rippling across the basin in a windy day; legend also has it that Okuninushi-no-mikoto, a famous deity in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo), carved out a valley, poured water in it, reclaimed the area, and then named the river 'Hozu-gawa River' and the valley 'Hozu-kyo Gorge' after wife Deity, 'Mihotsu-hime,' and is the enshrined deity of the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine in Chitose-cho.
- 平安時代中期になると、開発領主が自らの土地をこの不輸租田にするために寺社や上級貴族に寄進するようになる(寄進地系荘園)が、不輸租田の指定には勅許とそれに基づく太政官符及び民部省符からなる公験が必要とされており、それらが揃った不輸租田によって構成された荘園を官省符荘、単に国司が承認したために事実上の不輸租田の対象となっていたものを国免荘田と呼ばれた。
- In the mid Heian period, kaihatsu ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) began to donate their land to temples or high-ranking aristocrats in order to make their land fuyusoden (donated-type of shoen [manor]); however, they were required to submit kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi [provincial governor] or Gunji [local magistrate] for transfer of the ownership of private property) consisting of daijokanpu (official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) and minbushofu (official document issued by the minister of minbusho) based on the chokkyo (the imperial sanction) to have their land designated as fuyusoden -- Shoen which consisted of fuyusoden with the complete set of documents submitted was called Kanshofu sho (a shoen enjoying immunity from taxation by virtue of having official documents from both the Council of State and the Ministry of Popular Affairs), and shoen which was virtually treated as fuyusoden merely with approval of kokushi was called kokumen shoen (provincially exempted shoen).
- 太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を妻神「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ「保津川・保津峡」と名付けたという伝説も残っており、事実、湖だったことを示す地層も明らかになっている。
- It is said that, because long ago Kameoka Basin was a big lake with beautiful, vermillion waves caused by wind, this area was called 丹のうみ(Ni-no-umi; umi means a lake in English) or 丹波(Tanba; 波 means waves in English); others say that Okuninushi-no-mikoto who is a famous god appearing in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) carved a valley between Kameoka and Arashiyama, and made the water flow, forming land by reclamation, and named the carved valley 'Hozu-gawa River and Hozu-kyo Gorge' after 'Mihotsu-hime,' goddess in the position of wife of Okuninushi-no-mikoto; in fact, a fault has been found that shows that Kameoka Basin used to be a lake.
- 住宅資金貸付債権 住宅の建設若しくは購入に必要な資金(住宅の用に供する土地又は借地権の取得に必要な資金を含む。)又は住宅の改良に必要な資金の貸付けに係る分割払の定めのある再生債権であって、当該債権又は当該債権に係る債務の保証人(保証を業とする者に限る。以下「保証会社」という。)の主たる債務者に対する求償権を担保するための抵当権が住宅に設定されているものをいう。
- Home loan claim: A rehabilitation claim with a provision authorizing installment payment, which pertains to a loan of funds necessary for the construction or purchase of the residence (including funds necessary for the acquisition of land or land lease right to be used for the residence) or funds necessary for the remodeling of the residence, with a mortgage being established on the residence for the purpose of securing the claim itself or a right of exoneration held by the guarantor for any debt arising from the claim (limited to a person engaging in the guarantee business; hereinafter referred to as a 'guarantee company') against the principal debtor
- 房前大臣(藤原房前)が、幼少のころに亡くした母は讃岐国志度津の人と聞かされ、菩提を弔うためその地をたずねると、その浦の海女が登場、自分が房前の母であり、龍宮に奪われた「面向不背の珠」をとりかえした経緯を物語る前段、その土地の住人が前段のストーリーを改めて語る間狂言部分、房前が妙法蓮華経で母の追善供養をしていると、龍女に姿をかえた母があらわれ供養を謝す後段からなる。
- The first part tells the story of Fusasaki no Otodo (FUJIWARA no Fusasaki) who, on hearing that his mother he had lost during childhood had come from Shidotsu, Sanuki Province, visits there to perform religious rites for the repose of her departed soul; there, he meets a female diver from the area who tells him that she is his mother and how she had retrieved 'Menko huhai no tama' (an oval treasure that shows the frontal figure from any angle) which was stolen by the Palace of the Dragon King; this is followed by the aikyogen (comic interlude) where an inhabitant of Shidotsu recounts the story that was told in the first part; and in the latter part Fusasaki's mother appears as Ryunyo (a form that a woman must turn into in order to rest in peace) and thanks Fusasaki for the memorial service featuring the Myohorenge-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) he is performing in honor of her.
- 貝づか、古墳、都城跡、城跡、旧宅その他の遺跡で我が国にとつて歴史上又は学術上価値の高いもの、庭園、橋梁、峡谷、海浜、山岳その他の名勝地で我が国にとつて芸術上又は観賞上価値の高いもの並びに動物(生息地、繁殖地及び渡来地を含む。)、植物(自生地を含む。)及び地質鉱物(特異な自然の現象の生じている土地を含む。)で我が国にとつて学術上価値の高いもの(以下「記念物」という。)
- Monuments include: shell mounds, ancient tombs, sites of palaces, sites of forts or castles, monumental dwelling houses and other ruins of particular historical significance or academic value for our country and gardens, bridges, gorges, seacoasts, mountains and other places of scenic beauty which have outstanding artistic or scenic value in and for this country; animals (including their habitats, breeding places and summer and winter resorts); plants (including their natural growth areas); and geological features and minerals (including the grounds where extraordinary natural phenomena are seen), which possess a high scientific value in and for this country.
- 四 貝づか、古墳、都城跡、城跡、旧宅その他の遺跡で我が国にとつて歴史上又は学術上価値の高いもの、庭園、橋梁、峡谷、海浜、山岳その他の名勝地で我が国にとつて芸術上又は観賞上価値の高いもの並びに動物(生息地、繁殖地及び渡来地を含む。)、植物(自生地を含む。)及び地質鉱物(特異な自然の現象の生じている土地を含む。)で我が国にとつて学術上価値の高いもの(以下「記念物」という。)
- 4. Buildings and structures (such as shell mounds, ancient tombs, citadel-type castle sites, castle sites and old residences) which are highly valued in our nation, either historically or academically; landscapes (such as gardens, bridges, canyons, coasts, mountains and other places of scenic beauty) that are highly valued in our nation for their artistic or visual merit; animals (including their habitats, their breeding areas, and their stopovers), plants (including their habitats), and geological minerals (including the landscapes produced by natural phenomena) that are highly valued academically in our nation (such natural features being hereinafter referred to as 'monuments')
- 前項本文の場合において、関係人の所在が判明しないときは、同項本文の規定による通知を、関係人の氏名又は名称、通知をすべき事項及び当該事項を記載した書面をいつでも関係人に交付する旨を対象土地の所在地を管轄する法務局又は地方法務局の掲示場に掲示することによって行うことができる。この場合においては、掲示を始めた日から二週間を経過したときに、当該通知が関係人に到達したものとみなす。
- In the case referred to in the main clause of the preceding paragraph, if the whereabouts of any of the related persons is unknown, the notice to the related person under the provision of the main clause of said paragraph may be given by posting, on the notice board at the Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau that has jurisdiction over the location of the subject parcels, the name of the related person, the matters to be notified, and a statement to the effect that a document stating said matters shall be issued to the related person at any time. In this case, the notice shall be deemed to have reached the related person when two weeks have elapsed from the day on which the posting was carried out.
- 土地に埋蔵されている文化財としての価値が認められる「遺構」、および、有形文化財としての価値が推定される「遺物」の範囲、すなわち、法的に「埋蔵文化財」として取り扱うことのできる範囲は、1998年(平成10年)9月29日付文化庁次長による都道府県教育委員会教育長あての「埋蔵文化財の保護と発掘調査の円滑化等について(通知)」、いわゆる平成10年の「円滑化通知」によって定義された。
- The scope of 'ancient structural remnant' that is recognized worth as a cultural property buried under the ground and 'relic' that is estimated to be worth as a tangible cultural property, or the legal scope of 'buried cultural property,' was defined by the 'notice concerning the protection of buried cultural properties and facilitation of their excavation researches, etc.,' issued by the Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Affairs to the Directors of the Prefectural Boards of Education as of September 29, 1998, or the so-called 'notice for facilitation' of 1998.
- 存続期間を五十年以上として借地権を設定する場合においては、第九条及び第十六条の規定にかかわらず、契約の更新(更新の請求及び土地の使用の継続によるものを含む。次条第一項において同じ。)及び建物の築造による存続期間の延長がなく、並びに第十三条の規定による買取りの請求をしないこととする旨を定めることができる。この場合においては、その特約は、公正証書による等書面によってしなければならない。
- In cases where a Land Lease Right is established with a duration of fifty years or more, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 9 and 16, it may be stipulated that there is to be no extension of the duration through renewal of the contract (including renewal pursuant to a request for renewal or due to continued use of the land; the same shall apply in paragraph (1) of the following Article) or due to the construction of buildings, and that no requests to purchase are to be made pursuant to the provisions of Article 13. In this case, a special contract stating to that effect must be concluded in writing by means of a notarial deed.
- 鉱業権者は、その鉱区が附則第三条若しくは第四条の規定による鉱業権の設 定の出願に係る掘採区域若しくは権利を行使することができる土地の区域又は附則第三条、第四条若しくは第六条第一項の規定によりその設定の出願をし、その 設定の登録を得た鉱業権の鉱区と重複するときは、その重複する部分については、鉱業法第五条の規定にかかわらず、ウラン鉱又はトリウム鉱を掘採し、及び取 得することができない。
- If the mining area of a holder of mining right overlaps the digging area involved in the application for creation of mining right pursuant to the provision of Article 3 or 4 of Supplementary Provisions or the mining area of the mining right of which the creation is registered by filing an application pursuant to the provision of Article 3 or 4 or paragraph (1) of Article 6, he/she may not mine and acquire uranium ore or thorium ore in the overlapped area, notwithstanding the provision of Article 5 of the Mining Act.
- 倒幕の功に応じて十分な恩賞を与えられた武士は、足利尊氏、新田義貞、楠木正成ら一部に過ぎず、最初から倒幕運動に加わって六波羅攻略に功を立てた赤松則村(円心)が播磨国の守護職を没収されたり、1つの土地に何人もの領主が現れて混乱するなど倒幕の功に対する恩賞が不公平で、新政の初期から武士の不満は強かったと推測され、後醍醐の近臣である吉田定房や千種忠顕が詰め腹を切らされる形で出家させられている。
- Those who were amply rewarded for their meritorious contribution to the shogunate's defeat--Takauji ASHIKAGA, Yoshisada NITTA, Masashige KUSUNOKI, etc.--were only a tiny fraction of those who fought, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU, who had joined the struggle to overthrow the shogunate from the very beginning, was forced to forfeit his Protectorship of Harima Province, and the chaos caused by situations, like when a single plot of land found itself with multiple owners, showed the unfairness of the system to reward distinguished service against the shogunate, making it likely that discontent against the new government was strong right from the beginning; but Emperor Godaigo's vassals Sadafusa YOSHIDA and Tadaaki CHIGUSA were made to take the blame for this situation and were driven out of office and forced to take the tonsure.
- 第六十二条第一項の規定による告示又は新たな事業地の編入に係る第六十三条第二項において準用する第六十二条第一項の規定による告示があつた後においては、当該事業地内において、都市計画事業の施行の障害となるおそれがある土地の形質の変更若しくは建築物の建築その他工作物の建設を行ない、又は政令で定める移動の容易でない物件の設置若しくは堆積を行なおうとする者は、都道府県知事の許可を受けなければならない。
- After the public notice pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1), or the public notice pursuant to the provision of Article 62 paragraph (1), as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2) pertaining to inclusion of new project sites have been made, if, within the relevant project sites, any person intends to change the shape or character of land or build a building or construct other structure which may hinder the execution of city planning projects, or to set up or pile up any kind of the articles not readily movable specified by Cabinet Order, they shall obtain the permission of the prefectural governor.
- 敷地権付き区分建物についての所有権又は担保権に係る権利に関する登記であって、区分建物に関する敷地権の登記をする前に登記されたもの(担保権に係る権利に関する登記にあっては、当該登記の目的等(登記の目的、申請の受付の年月日及び受付番号並びに登記原因及びその日付をいう。以下この号において同じ。)が当該敷地権となった土地の権利についてされた担保権に係る権利に関する登記の目的等と同一であるものを除く。)
- a registration of a right pertaining to the ownership of or a security interest in a condominium unit with a registered right of site, which was made before the right of site for the condominium unit was registered (in the case of a registration of a right pertaining to a security interest, this shall not apply to such a registration of which the purpose, etc. (meaning the purpose of registration, the date of receipt of the application and the receipt number, and the cause for registration and the date thereof; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) is the same as the purpose, etc. of the registration of the right pertaining to the security interest made in relation to the right to land that has been categorized as a right of site);
- 江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師(さかし - 杜氏とほぼ同義)や麹師(こうじし)といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒(はんぞうしゅ)と呼ぶ。
- While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.
- またイスラーム世界(アラビア語・ペルシア語圏)に伝わった日本の旧称「倭国」に由来するといわれる「ワークワーク(الواقواق al-Wāqwāq)」ないし「ワクワーク(الوقواق al-Waqwāq)」は金山を有する土地として知られているが、「ワクワク」に類する地名はアラビア語・ペルシア語による地理書や地図においてアフリカや東南アジアによく見られる地名でもあり、日本のことを指したものではないとする説もある。
- Moreover, another is that although WaqWaq is said to have been derived from the old name for Japan, 'wakoku (倭国),' with the Japanese pronunciation 'waakuwaaku' (الواقواق al-Wāqwāq), or 'wakuwaaku' (لوقواق al-Waqwāq), which spread in Muslim's world (the Arabian and Persian speaking areas) as the land of gold, an area name of its kind was often found in Africa and Southeast Asia in geography books written in Arabia and Persian languages, so that it didn't indicate Japan.
- 第三者が賃借権の目的である土地の上の建物を競売又は公売により取得した場合において、その第三者が賃借権を取得しても借地権設定者に不利となるおそれがないにもかかわらず、借地権設定者がその賃借権の譲渡を承諾しないときは、裁判所は、その第三者の申立てにより、借地権設定者の承諾に代わる許可を与えることができる。この場合において、当事者間の利益の衡平を図るため必要があるときは、借地条件を変更し、又は財産上の給付を命ずることができる。
- In cases where a third party has acquired the buildings on the land that is the object of the lease right through auction or public sale, when the Lessor does not consent to the transfer of that lease right notwithstanding the fact that there is no danger that the acquisition by said third party of the lease right will be disadvantageous to the Lessor, the court may, pursuant to the petition of said third party, grant permission in lieu of the consent of the Lessor. In this case, when it is necessary for facilitating equitable benefit between the parties, the court may change the land lease terms or order the payment of property benefits.
- 弁理士法(平成十二年法律第四十九号)第三十二条第三号の規定により業務の禁止の処分を受けた者、測量法(昭和二十四年法律第百八十八号)第五十二条第二号の規定により登録を消除された者、建築士法(昭和二十五年法律第二百二号)第十条第一項の規定により免許を取り消された者又は土地家屋調査士法(昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号)第四十二条第三号の規定により業務の禁止の処分を受けた者で、これらの処分を受けた日から起算して二年を経過しないもの
- Any person who has been subjected to prohibition of business pursuant to the provision of Article 32 (3) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No.49 of 2000), or who has been subjected to deletion of his/her registration pursuant to the provision of Article 52 (ii) of the Survey Act(Act No.188 of 1949), or who has been subjected to rescission of his/her license pursuant to the provision of Article 10 (1) of the Kenchikushi Act for Architects & Building Engineers (Act No.202 of 1950), or who has been subjected to a disposition of prohibition from engaging in business pursuant to the provision of Article 13 (1) (iii) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No.228 of 1950), and who has not yet passed two years from the date of such a disposition.
- 国司は中央政府から検田権を委譲されると、治田(ちでん、田堵の開発した小規模の墾田)や公験(くげん、正式に土地所有を認めた文書)のない荘園・私領(郡司・郷司など在地領主の所領)を次々に没収して国衙領に組み入れ、税収を確保しようとした(この権限が強かったことは、若狭国にあった摂関家の荘園が国司に接収された際に関白藤原頼通が国司に公験不備を指摘されると、国司の判断を妥当とした(『小右記』万寿2年9月1日・13日条)ことでも明らかである)。
- When the right of cadastral surveys was transferred to kokushi from the central government, the shoens and private lands (lands of local lords such as gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and so on) without chiden (small scale land already developed by tato) or kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi or gunji (local magistrates) for transfer of the ownership of private property) were confiscated one after another into kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in order for them to secure tax revenue (it is clear that this authority was strong because when the shoen of sekkan-ke in Wakasa Province was confiscated by kokushi and it was pointed out that FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, the chief adviser to the emperor, was wrong in kugen, the judgment of kokushi was justified (in the description on September 1 and 13, 1025 in 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)).
- 一般ガス事業者、簡易ガス事業者、ガス導管事業者又は卸ガス事業(一般ガス事業者に対して導管によりガスを供給する事業をいう。以下この項において同じ。)を営む者(以下「一般ガス事業者等」という。)は、その一般ガス事業、簡易ガス事業、ガス導管事業又は卸ガス事業の用に供するため、道路、橋、溝、河川、堤防その他公共の用に供せられる土地の地上又は地中に導管を設置する必要があるときは、その効用を妨げない限度において、その管理者の許可を受けて、これを使用することができる。
- A General Gas Utility, Community Gas Utility, Gas Pipeline Service Provider or a person conducting a Wholesale Gas Business (which means a business supplying a General Gas Utility with gas via pipelines; hereinafter the same shall apply) (these persons shall hereinafter be referred to as a 'General Gas Utility, etc.') may, when it is necessary to install pipelines on or under a road, bridge, ditch, river, embankment or other public land in order to use such pipelines for the General Gas Utility Business, Community Gas Utility Business, Gas Pipeline Service Business or Wholesale Gas Business, use them with permission from the administrator thereof to the extent that such use does not impair their usability.
- 気象庁長官は、地象、地動、地球磁気、地球電気及び水象の観測及び研究並びに地震に関する土地及び水域の測量の成果に基づき、大規模地震対策特別措置法(昭和五十三年法律第七十三号)第三条第一項に規定する地震防災対策強化地域に係る大規模な地震が発生するおそれがあると認めるときは、直ちに、政令で定めるところにより、発生のおそれがあると認める地震に関する情報(当該地震の発生により生ずるおそれのある津波の予想に関する情報を含む。)を内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
- When the Director-General of the Japan Meteorological Agency finds a risk, based on the results of observations and research with regard to terrestrial phenomena, tremors and ground deformations, terrestrial magnetism, terrestrial electricity, hydrological phenomena, and surveys of land and water-areas concerning earthquakes, of the occurrence of a large-scale earthquake pertaining to the Areas for Intensified Measures against Earthquake Disasters prescribed in Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Measures for Large-scale Earthquakes (Act No. 73 of 1978), he/she shall, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, immediately report to the Prime Minister information concerning the earthquake at risk of occurring (including information concerning prediction of a potential tsunami caused by the earthquake event).
- 施行者は、第六十九条の規定により適用される土地収用法第三十一条の規定によつて収用又は使用の手続を保留しようとするときは、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、第五十九条又は第六十三条第一項の規定による認可又は承認を受けようとする際、その旨及び手続を保留する事業地の範囲を記載した申立書を提出しなければならない。この場合においては、第六十条第三項第一号(第六十三条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)に掲げる図面に手続を保留する事業地の範囲を表示しなければならない。
- If any project executor intends to defer the procedures for expropriation or use pursuant to the provision of Article 31 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act applied pursuant to the provision of Article 69, they shall, at the time when he/she intends to obtain the approval or recognition pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 or Article 63 paragraph (1), submit a written petition containing statements to that effect and description of the bounds of the project site, for which the procedures for expropriation or use are to be deferred pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. In this case, the bounds of the project site for which the procedures are to be deferred shall be indicated on the drawings listed in Article 60 paragraph (3) item (i) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 63 paragraph (2)).
- 保護水面の区域(河川、指定土地又は港湾法(昭和二十五年法律第二百十八号)第二条第三項(港湾区域の定義)に規定する港湾区域若しくは同法第五十六条第一項(港湾区域の定めのない港湾)に規定する水域(第五項において「港湾区域」と総称する。)に係る部分を除く。)内において、埋立て若しくはしゆんせつの工事又は水路、河川の流量若しくは水位の変更を来す工事をしようとする者は、政令の定めるところにより、当該保護水面を管理する都道府県知事又は農林水産大臣の許可を受けなければならない。
- Any person who intends to carry out land reclamation work or dredging or work that causes the flow volume or water level of waterway or the River to change within the area of the Protected Water Surface (excluding the area pertaining to the River, the Designated Land or the area of ports and harbors set forth in paragraph 3 of Article 2 (Definition of Area of Port and Harbor) of the Ports and Harbors Act (Act No. 218 of 1950) or the water area set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 56 of said Act (Port and Harbor without Designation of Area of Port and Harbor)(which is collectively referred to in paragraph 5 as the 'Area of Port and Harbor') shall obtain the permission of the prefectural governor or the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries that administrates such Protected Water Surface as provided for in a Cabinet Order.
- 前条第一項に規定する告示があつたときは、施行者は、すみやかに、国土交通省令で定める事項を公告するとともに、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、事業地内の土地建物等の有償譲渡について、次条の規定による制限があることを関係権利者に周知させるため必要な措置を講じ、かつ、自己が施行する都市計画事業の概要について、事業地及びその附近地の住民に説明し、これらの者から意見を聴取する等の措置を講ずることにより、事業の施行についてこれらの者の協力が得られるように努めなければならない。
- When the public notice prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article has been made, the project executor shall, without delay, notify publicly the matters specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. They also shall, pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, take necessary measures for informing the right holders concerned that, with regard to transfer-for-counter value of land and buildings, etc. within the project sites, there are restrictions pursuant to the provision of the next Article and shall try to obtain the cooperation of the inhabitants of the project sites and the neighboring land with regard to the city planning projects by taking measures such as explaining to them the outline of the project in question and hearing their opinions.
- 附則第三条若しくは第四条の 規定による鉱業権の設定の出願に係る掘採区域若しくは権利を行使することができる土地の区域又は附則第三条、第四条若しくは前条第一項の規定によりその設 定の出願をし、その設定の登録を得た鉱業権の鉱区と重複し、かつ、同種の鉱床中に存する鉱物を目的とする試掘鉱区の試掘権者がその重複する部分と重複して 試掘権の目的となつている鉱物を目的とする採掘権の設定の出願をしたときは、その重複する部分については、鉱業法第十六条及び第三十条の規定は、適用しな い。
- If a holder of prospecting right, who is in the digging area involved in the application for mining right pursuant to the provision of Article 3 or 4 of Supplementary Provisions or in the area of land where the right can be exercised, or in the prospecting area that overlaps the mining area where he/she filed an application for creation of mining right pursuant to the provision of Article 3 or 4 of Supplementary Provisions or that of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and made registration of the said right and that is aimed at the minerals occurring in the same type of ore deposit as the subject of prospecting right, filed an application for creation of digging right for the minerals as the subject of prospecting right redundantly in the overlapped area, the provisions of Articles 16 and 30 of the Mining Act shall not apply to the overlapped area.
- 第十七条第一項、第二項若しくは第五項(第十八条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)、第十八条第一項、第十九条第一項(同条第七項において準用する場合を含む。)若しくは第三項(同条第七項並びに第二十条第二項及び第五項において準用する場合を含む。)又は第二十条第一項(同条第五項において準用する場合を含む。)に規定する事件は、借地権の目的である土地の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所が管轄する。ただし、当事者の合意があるときは、その所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所が管轄することを妨げない。
- The district court that has jurisdiction over the location of land that is the object of a Land Lease Right shall have jurisdiction over the cases prescribed in Article 17, paragraph (1), paragraph (2) or paragraph (5) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18, paragraph (3)), Article 18, paragraph (1), Article 19, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of the same Article), or paragraph (3) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of the same Article and Article 20, paragraph (2) and paragraph (5)), or Article 20, paragraph (1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (5) of the same Article); provided, however, that this does not preclude the summary court having jurisdiction over said location having jurisdiction should the parties agree.
- 鉱物の掘採のための土地の掘さく、坑水若しくは廃水の放流、捨石若しく は鉱さいのたい積又は鉱煙の排出によつて他人に損害を与えたときは、損害の発生の時における当該鉱区の鉱業権者(当該鉱区に租鉱権が設定されているとき は、その租鉱区については、当該租鉱権者)が、損害の発生の時既に鉱業権が消滅しているときは、鉱業権の消滅の時における当該鉱区の鉱業権者(鉱業権の消 滅の時に当該鉱業権に租鉱権が設定されていたときは、その租鉱区については、当該租鉱権者)が、その損害を賠償する責に任ずる。
- If others are damaged by excavation of land to mine minerals, discharge of mine water or waste water, heaps of waste rock or slag, or discharge of metallurgical smoke, such damage shall be compensated by the holder of mining right in the mining area concerned at the time of occurrence of damage (or the holder of mining lease right, if a mining lease right is created in the mining area concerned). If the right of mining has already become extinct at the time of occurrence of damage, such damage shall be compensated by the holder of mining right in the mining area concerned at the time of extinction of the mining right (or the holder of mining lease right, if a mining lease right was created in the mining area concerned at the time of extinction of the mining right).
- 国の行政機関の長又は都道府県知事は、同意企業立地重点促進区域内の土地を同意基本計画において定められた第五条第二項第七号の施設(工場若しくは事業場若しくはこれらの用に供するための工場用地若しくは業務用地又は研究開発のための施設若しくは研修施設に限る。)の用に供するため農地法(昭和二十七年法律第二百二十九号)その他の法律の規定による許可その他の処分を求められたときは、当該同意企業立地重点促進区域における円滑な企業立地に資するため、当該処分が迅速に行われるよう適切な配慮をするものとする。
- When the heads of national government administrative organs or prefectural governors have been asked to grant permission or make other dispositions under the provisions of the Agricultural Land Act (Act No. 229 of 1952) and other Acts, for the purpose of providing land within an agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities to be used for facilities set forth in Article 5, paragraph (2), item (vii) (limited to factories or workplaces, factory sites or business sites to be used therefor, research and development facilities or training facilities) that are provided for in the agreed basic plan, they shall give appropriate consideration so that said disposition should be implemented promptly, in order to contribute to the smooth establishment of new business facilities in said agreed zone for intensively promoting the establishment of new business facilities.
- 借地権者が賃借権の目的である土地の上の建物を第三者に譲渡しようとする場合において、その第三者が賃借権を取得し、又は転借をしても借地権設定者に不利となるおそれがないにもかかわらず、借地権設定者がその賃借権の譲渡又は転貸を承諾しないときは、裁判所は、借地権者の申立てにより、借地権設定者の承諾に代わる許可を与えることができる。この場合において、当事者間の利益の衡平を図るため必要があるときは、賃借権の譲渡若しくは転貸を条件とする借地条件の変更を命じ、又はその許可を財産上の給付に係らしめることができる。
- In cases where the Land Lease Right Holder wishes to transfer buildings on the land that is the object of the lease right to a third party, and the Lessor does not consent to the transfer or sublease of the lease right despite the fact that there is no danger that the acquisition by, or sublease to, said third party of the lease right will be disadvantageous to the Lessor, the court may, pursuant to a petition by the Land Lease Right Holder, grant permission in lieu of the Lessor's consent. In this case, when it is necessary for the facilitation of equitable benefits between the parties, the court may order changes to the land lease terms wherein the transfer or sublease of the lease right is the condition of said change, or may cause permission to be given for the property benefit.
- 地区計画の区域(再開発等促進区若しくは開発整備促進区(いずれも第十二条の五第五項第二号に規定する施設の配置及び規模が定められているものに限る。)又は地区整備計画が定められている区域に限る。)内において、土地の区画形質の変更、建築物の建築その他政令で定める行為を行おうとする者は、当該行為に着手する日の三十日前までに、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、行為の種類、場所、設計又は施行方法、着手予定日その他国土交通省令で定める事項を市町村長に届け出なければならない。ただし、次に掲げる行為については、この限りでない。
- Persons who intend to make alterations to the shape and quality of land zoning, construct buildings or perform any other activities specified by Cabinet Order in district planning areas (which shall be limited to areas of redevelopment promotion areas or development improvement promotion areas (which shall be limited, in either case, to those areas for which the layout and scale of facilities prescribed by Article 12-5 paragraph (5) item (ii) are decided) or areas for which areas improvement plans are established) shall, pursuant to the provision of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, notify mayors of municipalities of the type and location of activities, design and methods of execution, scheduled date of construction commencement and other matters specified by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism no later than thirty days prior to the day when the said activities are to be started. However, this shall not apply to the following activities:
- 不動産(登記することができない土地の定着物を除く。以下この項において同じ。)の占有者であつて、その占有の権原を差押債権者、仮差押債権者又は第五十九条第一項(第百八十八条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により消滅する権利を有する者に対抗することができないものが、正当な理由なく、第六十四条の二第五項(第百八十八条(第百九十五条の規定によりその例によることとされる場合を含む。)において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による不動産の立入りを拒み、又は妨げたときは、三十万円以下の罰金に処する。
- A possessor of real property (excluding any fixtures on land that are not registrable; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) whose title to possession may not be duly asserted against the obligee effecting a seizure, the obligee effecting a provisional seizure or the person whose right shall be extinguished pursuant to the provisions of Article 59(1) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195]) has, without justifiable grounds, refused or obstructed entry to real property under the provisions of Article 64-2(5) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 [including the cases that are to be governed by such rules pursuant to the provisions of Article 195]), he/she shall be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yen.
- 契約の更新の後において、借地権者が残存期間を超えて存続すべき建物を新たに築造することにつきやむを得ない事情があるにもかかわらず、借地権設定者がその建物の築造を承諾しないときは、借地権設定者が地上権の消滅の請求又は土地の賃貸借の解約の申入れをすることができない旨を定めた場合を除き、裁判所は、借地権者の申立てにより、借地権設定者の承諾に代わる許可を与えることができる。この場合において、当事者間の利益の衡平を図るため必要があるときは、延長すべき借地権の期間として第七条第一項の規定による期間と異なる期間を定め、他の借地条件を変更し、財産上の給付を命じ、その他相当の処分をすることができる。
- Subsequent to the renewal of the contract, when, notwithstanding the fact that there are unavoidable circumstances pertaining to the fact that the Land Lease Right Holder is to newly construct a building that is to survive past the remaining period, the Lessor does not consent to the construction of that building, excluding cases where it has been prescribed that the Lessor may not request the extinction of the superficies or the termination of the land lease, the court may, pursuant to the petition of the Land Lease Right Holder, grant permission in lieu of the consent of the Lessor. In this case, when it is necessary for facilitating equitable benefit between the parties, the court may prescribe a period different from the period pursuant to the provisions of Article 7, paragraph (1) as an extension of the Land Lease Right, change other land lease terms, order the payment of property benefits, or enact other reasonable dispositions.
- 第百四十三条に規定する債権及び第百六十七条第一項に規定する財産権(以下この項において「その他の財産権」という。)を目的とする担保権の実行は、担保権の存在を証する文書(権利の移転について登記等を要するその他の財産権を目的とする担保権で一般の先取特権以外のものについては、第百八十一条第一項第一号から第三号まで、第二項又は第三項に規定する文書)が提出されたときに限り、開始する。担保権を有する者が目的物の売却、賃貸、滅失若しくは損傷又は目的物に対する物権の設定若しくは土地収用法(昭和二十六年法律第二百十九号)による収用その他の行政処分により債務者が受けるべき金銭その他の物に対して民法その他の法律の規定によつてするその権利の行使についても、同様とする。
- Exercise of a security interest in the claim prescribed in Article 143 or the property right prescribed in Article 167(1) (hereinafter referred to as 'any other property right' in this paragraph) shall be commenced only when a document proving the existence of the security interest (or, for a security interest in any other property right for which registration is required in the case of transfer of the right and which is not a general statutory lien, any of the documents prescribed in Article 181(1)(i) to (iii) or Article 181(2) or (3)) has been submitted. The same shall apply to extended exercise of a security interest by a person having a security interest, conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code or any other Act against money or any other property to be received by the obligor as a result of a sale, lease or loss of or damage to the subject matter, establishment of a real right on the subject matter, or expropriation under the Land Expropriation Act (Act No. 219 of 1951) or any other administrative disposition.
- 土地収用法第百三十九条の三中「この法律」とあるのは「都市計画法第六十九条の規定により適用されるこの法律」と、「第十七条第一項各号に掲げる事業又は第二十七条第二項若しくは第四項の規定により国土交通大臣の事業の認定を受けた事業」とあるのは「都市計画法第五十九条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による国土交通大臣の認可又は同条第三項の規定による国土交通大臣の承認を受けた都市計画事業」と、「第十七条第二項に規定する事業(第二十七条第二項又は第四項の規定により国土交通大臣の事業の認定を受けた事業を除く。)」とあるのは「都市計画法第五十九条第一項又は第四項の規定による都道府県知事の認可を受けた都市計画事業」と、同条第一号中「第二十五条第二項、第二十八条の三第一項」とあるのは「第二十五条第二項」とする。
- The term 'this Act' in Article 139-3 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act shall be read as 'this Act applied pursuant to the provision of Article 69 of the City Planning Act'; the term 'the projects listed in each item of Article 17 paragraph (1), or projects that have received project accreditation from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism pursuant to the provisions of Article 27 paragraph (2) or paragraph (4)' shall be read as 'city planning projects that have received the approval by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 paragraph (1) or (2) of the City Planning Act, or the recognition by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3) of the same Article'; the term 'projects pursuant to the provision of Article 17 paragraph (2) (excluding projects that have received project accreditation by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Tourism pursuant to the provisions of Article 27 paragraph (2) or (4))' shall be read as 'city planning projects that have received approval by the prefectural governor pursuant to the provisions of Article 59 paragraph (1) or (4) of the City Planning Act'; and the term 'Article 25 paragraph (2) and Article 28-3 paragraph (1)' described in item (i) of the same Article shall be read as 'Article 25 paragraph (2)'.
- 都市計画事業については、土地収用法第二十九条及び第三十四条の六(同法第百三十八条第一項においてこれらの規定を準用する場合を含む。)の規定は適用せず、同法第二十九条第一項(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定により事業の認定が効力を失うべき理由に該当する理由があるときは、前条第一項の規定にかかわらず、その理由の生じた時に同法第二十六条第一項(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による事業の認定の告示があつたものとみなして、同法第八条第三項、第三十五条第一項、第三十六条第一項、第三十九条第一項、第四十六条の二第一項、第七十一条(これを準用し、又はその例による場合を含む。)及び第八十九条第一項(同法第百三十八条第一項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定を適用する。
- With regard to city planning projects, the provisions of Article 29 and Article 34-6 of the Compulsory Purchase of Land Act (including the cases where these provisions are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act) shall not apply to them. If there are any reasons that correspond to the reasons by which the accreditation of projects become null and void pursuant to the provision of Article 29 paragraph (1) of the same Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act), the public notice of accreditation of projects pursuant to the provision of Article 26 paragraph (1) of the same Act (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act) shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the reasons occurred, notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, and the provisions of Article 8 paragraph (3), Article 35 paragraph (1), Article 36 paragraph (1), Article 39 paragraph (1), Article 46-2 paragraph (1), Article 71 (including the cases where they are applied mutatis mutandis or where they serve as examples to be followed) and Article 89 paragraph (1) (including the cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 138 paragraph (1) of the same Act) of the same Act shall apply.
- 審議会は、前二項に規定するもののほか、土地改良法(昭和二十四年法律第百九十五号)、家畜改良増殖法(昭和二十五年法律第二百九号)、家畜伝染病予防法(昭和二十六年法律第百六十六号)、飼料需給安定法(昭和二十七年法律第三百五十六号)、酪農及び肉用牛生産の振興に関する法律(昭和二十九年法律第百八十二号)、果樹農業振興特別措置法(昭和三十六年法律第十五号)、畜産物の価格安定に関する法律(昭和三十六年法律第百八十三号)、砂糖の価格調整に関する法律(昭和四十年法律第百九号)、加工原料乳生産者補給金等暫定措置法(昭和四十年法律第百十二号)、農業振興地域の整備に関する法律(昭和四十四年法律第五十八号)、卸売市場法(昭和四十六年法律第三十五号)、肉用子牛生産安定等特別措置法(昭和六十三年法律第九十八号)、食品流通構造改善促進法(平成三年法律第五十九号)、主要食糧の需給及び価格の安定に関する法律(平成六年法律第百十三号)及び食品循環資源の再生利用等の促進に関する法律(平成十二年法律第百十六号)の規定によりその権限に属させられた事項を処理する。
- In addition to the matters provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, The Council shall deal with the tasks authorized under the following acts: Land Improvement Act (Act No.195 of 1949), Act for Improvement and Increased Production of Livestock (Act No.209 of 1950), Animal Infectious Diseases Control Act (Act No.160 of 1951), Feed Supply-and-Demand Stabilization Act (Act No.356 of 1952), Act Concerning Dairy and Beef Cattle Production Promotion (Act No.182 of 1954), Fruit-growing Industry Promotion Special Measures Act (Act No.15 of 1961), Act Concerning the Stabilization of Livestock Products (Act No.183 of 1961), Sugar Price Adjustment Act (Act No.109 of 1965), Temporary Act for Compensation Price for Producers of Milk for Manufacturing Use (Act No.112 of 1965), Act Concerning Establishment of Agricultural Promotion Areas(Act No.58 of 1969), Wholesale Market Act (Act No.35 of 1971), Special Measures Act for Beef Calf Production Stabilization (Act No.98 of 1988), Act Concerning of the Food Marketing Structure (Act No.59 of 1991), Act for Stabilization of Supply, Demand and Prices of Staple Food(Act No.113 of 1994), Food Recycling Act (Act No.116 of 2000)
- 経済産業局長は、第二十一条第一項(第三十六条第二項、第四十五条 第三項又は第五十条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)、第五十二条、第五十五条、第八十三条第一項若しくは第百八十四条の規定による処分の通知、第二 十五条第一項、第四十条第二項、第四十七条第三項(第六十四条の二第二項又は第六十六条第五項において準用する場合を含む。)、第五十七条第一項、第九十 一条第二項、第百一条第二項若しくは第百六条第三項の規定による通知、第三十七条第一項、第三十八条第一項、第三十九条第一項、第四十八条第一項、第四十 九条第一項、第百八十二条若しくは第百八十三条の規定による命令又は第四十七条第五項(第六十四条の二第二項又は第六十六条第五項において準用する場合を 含む。)若しくは第九十四条第二項の規定による決定書の謄本の交付をする場合において、相手方が知れないとき、又はその所在が不分明なときは、鉱業出願 人、鉱業権者若しくは抵当権者にあつては願書若しくは鉱業原簿に記載された住所の所在地の、土地の所有者にあつては採掘出願地の所在地の市役所、町村役場 又はこれに準ずるものの掲示場に、その通知若しくは命令又は決定書の謄本の内容を掲示するとともに、その掲示をした旨及びその要旨を官報に掲載しなければ ならない。この場合においては、掲示を始めた日又は官報に掲載した日のいずれか遅い日から十四日を経過した日に、その通知若しくは命令又は決定書の謄本 は、相手方に到達したものとみなす。
- When the Director of Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry notifies a disposition pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 21 (including the case where it applies mutatis mutandis to paragraph (2) or Article 36, paragraph (3) of Article 45 or paragraph (3) of Article 50), Article 52, Article 55, paragraph (1) of Article 83 or Article 184, gives a notice pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 25, paragraph (2) of Article 40, paragraph (3) of Article 47 (including the case where it applies mutatis mutandis to paragraph (2) of Article 64-ii or paragraph (5) of Article 66), paragraph (1) of Article 57, paragraph (2) of Article 91, paragraph (2) of Article 101 or paragraph (3) of Article 106, gives an order pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 37, paragraph (1) of Article 38, paragraph (1) of Article 39, paragraph (1) of Article 48, paragraph (1) of Article 49, Article 182 or Article 183, or delivers transcripts of the written decision pursuant to the provision of paragraph (5) of Article 47 (including the case where it applies mutatis mutandis to paragraph (2) of Article 64-ii or paragraph (5) of Article 66) or paragraph (2) of Article 94, he/she shall post the description of such notice, such order and the transcripts of such written decision at the posting area of the offices of municipality or any facility equivalent to the above in the location of the address mentioned in the written application or mining registry in the case of mining applicant, holder of mining right or mortgagee or at the posting area of the offices of municipality or any facility equivalent to the above in the location of the digging application area in the case of land owner, if the other party or the location thereof is unknown, and publish such posting and the gist thereof in an official gazette. In this case, such notice, such order and the transcripts of such written decision shall be deemed to have reached the other party on the day 14 days after the day of commencement of posting or the day of publication in an official gazette, whichever is later.
- この節の規定若しくは農業協同組合法(昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号)第九十二条第五項、公認会計士法第三十四条の二十第六項、水産業協同組合法(昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号)第百二十一条第五項、中小企業等協同組合法(昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号)第三十三条第七項(輸出水産業の振興に関する法律(昭和二十九年法律第百五十四号)第二十条並びに中小企業団体の組織に関する法律(昭和三十二年法律第百八十五号)第五条の二十三第三項及び第四十七条第二項において準用する場合を含む。)、弁護士法(昭和二十四年法律第二百五号)第三十条の二十八第六項(同法第四十三条第三項において準用する場合を含む。)、船主相互保険組合法(昭和二十五年法律第百七十七号)第五十五条第三項、司法書士法(昭和二十五年法律第百九十七号)第四十五条の二第六項、土地家屋調査士法(昭和二十五年法律第二百二十八号)第四十条の二第六項、商品取引所法(昭和二十五年法律第二百三十九号)第十一条第九項、行政書士法(昭和二十六年法律第四号)第十三条の二十の二第六項、投資信託及び投資法人に関する法律(昭和二十六年法律第百九十八号)第四十八条の二第三項(同法第四十九条の十三第二項及び第三項並びに第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。)及び第百八十六条の二第四項、税理士法第四十八条の十九の二第六項(同法第四十九条の十二第三項において準用する場合を含む。)、信用金庫法(昭和二十六年法律第二百三十八号)第八十七条の四第四項、輸出入取引法(昭和二十七年法律第二百九十九号)第十五条第六項(同法第十九条の六において準用する場合を含む。)、中小漁業融資保証法(昭和二十七年法律第三百四十六号)第五十五条第五項、労働金庫法(昭和二十八年法律第二百二十七号)第九十一条の四第四項、鉱工業技術研究組合法(昭和三十六年法律第八十一号)第九条第七項、農業信用保証保険法(昭和三十六年法律第二百四号)第四十八条の三第五項(同法第四十八条の九第七項において準用する場合を含む。)、社会保険労務士法(昭和四十三年法律第八十九号)第二十五条の二十三の二第六項、外国証券業者に関する法律(昭和四十六年法律第五号)第二十三条第六項、森林組合法(昭和五十三年法律第三十六号)第八条の二第五項、銀行法第四十九条の二第二項、金融先物取引法(昭和六十三年法律第七十七号)第八十四条第七項、保険業法(平成七年法律第百五号)第六十七条の二及び第二百十七条第三項、資産の流動化に関する法律(平成十年法律第百五号)第百九十四条第四項及び第二百八十八条第三項、弁理士法(平成十二年法律第四十九号)第五十三条の二第六項、農林中央金庫法(平成十三年法律第九十三号)第九十六条の二第四項並びに信託業法第五十七条第六項(以下この節において「電子公告関係規定」と総称する。)において準用する第九百五十五条第一項の規定又はこの節の規定に基づく命令に違反し、罰金以上の刑に処せられ、その執行を終わり、又は執行を受けることがなくなった日から二年を経過しない者
- a person who has been sentenced to a fine or a severer punishment for the violation of the provisions of this Section or the provisions of Article 955(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 92(5) of the Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947), Article 34-20(6) of the Certified Public Accountants Act, Article 121(5) of the Fisheries Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948), Article 33(7) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 of the Export Fisheries Promotion Act (Act No. 154 of 1954) and Article 5-23(3) and Article 47(2) of the Act on Organizations of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (Act No. 185 of 1957)), Article30-28(6) of the Attorneys Act (Act No. 205 of 1949) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 43(3) of that Act), Article 55(3) of the Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Union Act (Act No. 177 of 1950), Article 45-2(6) of the Judicial Scrivener Act (Act No. 197 of 1950), Article 40-2(6) of the Land and House Investigator Act (Act No. 228 of 1950), Article 11(9) of the Commodity Exchange Act (Act No. 239 of 1950), Article 13-20-2(6) of the Administrative Scrivener Act (Act No. 4 of 1951), Article 48-2(3) of the Act on Securities Investment Trust and Securities Investment Corporations (Act No. 198 of 1951) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-13(2) and (3) and Article 59 of that Act) and Article 186-2(4) of that Act, Article 48-19-2(6) of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Act (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 49-12(3) of that Act), Article 87-4(4) of the Shinkin Bank Act (Act No. 238 of 1951), Article 15(6) of the Export and Import Transaction Act (Act No. 299 of 1952) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 19-6 of that Act), Article 55(5) of the Loan Security Act for Small and Medium Sized Fishery Industry (Act No. 346 of 1952), Article 91-4(4) of the Labor Bank Act (Act No. 227 of 1953), Article 9(7) of the Act on Research and Development Partnership concerning Mining and Manufacturing Technology (Act No. 81 of 1961), Article 48-3(5) of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Insurance Act (Act No. 204 of 1961) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 48-9(7) of that Act), Article 25-23-2(6) of the Act on Public Consultants on Social and Labor Insurance (Act No. 89 of 1968), Article 23(6) of the Act on Foreign Securities Brokers (Act No. 5 of 1971), Article 8-2(5) of the Forestry Partnership Act (Act No. 36 of 1978), Article 49-2(2) of the Banking Act, Article 84(7) of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (Act No. 77 of 1988), Article 67-2 and Article 217(3) of the Insurance Business Act (Act No. 105 of 1995), Article 194(4) and Article 288(3) of the Act on Securitization of Assets (Act No. 105 of 1998), Article 53-2(6) of the Patent Attorney Act (Act No. 49 of 2000), Article 96-2(4) of the Norinchukin Bank Act (Act No. 93 of 2001) and Article 57(6) of the Trust Business Act (hereinafter collectively referred to as the 'Electronic Public Notice Related Provisions' in this Section) or the violation of an order based on the provisions this Section and where two years have yet to elapse from the day on which the execution of the sentence has been completed or the sentence has become no longer applicable;