国民: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 国民
- nation
- nationality
- people
- citizen
- Kunitami
- citizens
- the people
- nationals
- peoples
- public
- 国民党
- Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
- Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist Party)
- Kuomintang
- National Party
- Partido Nacional
- 国民服
- national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)
- Kokuminfuku (national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940))
- 非国民
- unpatriotic individual
- 米国民
- American (citizen)
- American citizens
- 他国民
- other nations
- other peoples
- 自国民
- citizens of one's own country
- fellow countrymen
- compatriots
- 少国民
- the rising generation
- children
- 国民軍
- national army
- militia
- 国民新
- Kokumin Shinto
- People's New Party (Japanese political party)
- 国民性
- national traits or character
- nationality
- a national trait
- National character studies
- 国民食
- food universally loved by all citizens
- comfort food
- National dish
- 万国民
- the people of all nations
- 中国民航
- Civil Aviation Administration of China
- 国民年金
- national pension
- government pension system
- 国民不在
- out of touch with the voters
- indifferent to the concerns of the people
- 国民投票
- national referendum
- plebiscite
- 日本国民
- Japanese citizen
- Japanese citizens
- Japanese national
- 国民全体
- whole nation
- entire nation
- all the people
- entire people
- 国民議会
- national assembly (esp. France)
- 国民気質
- national traits
- national character
- 国民学校
- elementary school (in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947)
- 国民感情
- national mood
- national sentiment
- national feeling
- 国民皆兵
- universal conscription
- Levée en masse
- 国民生活
- the life of the people
- the people's living
- lives of the citizenry
- 国民新党
- Kokumin Shinto
- People's New Party (Japanese political party)
- 国民政府
- Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang)
- 国民審査
- national review (as an act of a peoples' sovereignty)
- national referendum
- 国民所得
- national income
- Measures of national income and output
- National Income (NI)
- 国民国家
- nation-state
- Nation state
- 国民宿舎
- inexpensive hotel operated by a local government
- Kokuminshukusha
- People's Lodge
- 国民主権
- sovereignty of the people
- Popular sovereignty
- 国民銀行
- People's Bank (China)
- 国民性総論
- General Remarks on the National Characteristic
- 国民同盟会
- Kokumin Domeikai (People's Alliance Society)
- 国民総需要
- gross national demand
- 国民総供給
- gross national supply
- 国民総福祉
- gross national welfare
- 国民の責務
- Responsibilities of citizens
- Responsibilities of the general public
- Responsibility of Citizens
- 国民的基盤
- based on a nation's people
- popular base
- 国民総生産
- gross national product
- GNP
- Gross National Product (GNP)
- 国民徴用令
- National Requisition Ordinance (1939)
- 国民総支出
- gross national expenditure
- GNE
- GNE (=GNP)
- 台湾国民党
- Kuomintang (Taiwanese Nationalist Party)
- 中国国民党
- Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)
- 国民保護法
- Civil Protection Law
- 国民総所得
- gross national income
- GNI
- 国民休暇村
- national vacation village
- Kokiminkyuukamura
- Kokuminkyuukamura
- 国民皆保険
- medical insurance for the whole nation
- 国民の休日
- national holiday (by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays)
- 国民の祝日
- public holidays
- national holidays
- National public holidays
- Public holidays in Japan
- 国民純生産
- net national product
- NNP
- Net National Product (NNP)
- 国民純福祉
- net national welfare
- NNW
- 立憲国民党
- Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
- 事業者国民
- corporations and the people
- 国民健康調査
- National Health Interview Survey
- NHIS
- 国民生活指標
- new social indicators
- 国民計画協会
- National Planning Association
- 国民体育大会
- National Athletic Meet
- National Sports Festival of Japan
- 国民福祉指標
- net national welfare
- 国民保護計画
- Civil Protection Plan
- 実質国民所得
- real national income
- 名目国民所得
- nominal national income
- 国民健康保険
- national health insurance
- Health care system in Japan
- NHI
- 国民生活白書
- White Paper on the National Lifestyle
- 国民栄養調査
- national nutrition survey
- 国民経済計算
- National Accounts
- National Accounts Statistics
- 国民金融公庫
- National Life Finance Corporation (1949-2008)
- People's Finance Corporation
- 国民運動本部
- National Campaign Headquarters
- 国民宿舎協会
- Kokumin-Shukusha Kyokai
- 独立国民連合
- Rassemblement National des Independents
- 仁別国民の森
- Nibetsukokuminnomori
- 国民対話集会
- National Issues Forum
- NIF
- 国民野党連合
- Union Nacional Opositora
- 国民の国外犯
- Crimes Committed by Japanese Nationals outside Japan
- 国民との関わり
- Imperial relationship with the public
- 名目国民総生産
- GNP in nominal terms
- 国民総背番号制
- national citizen identification number system
- National identification number
- 実質国民総生産
- gross real national product
- real GNP
- RGNP
- GNP in real terms
- 国民可処分所得
- national disposable income
- 蒜山国民休暇村
- Hiruzenkokuminkyuukamura
- 国民保養温泉地
- hot spring health resort
- 国民の足分科会
- Subcommittee for Citizens' Means of Transportation
- 那須国民休暇村
- Nasukokuminkyuukamura
- 雲仙国民休暇村
- Unzenkokuminkyukamura
- 加太国民休暇村
- Katakokuminkyuukamura
- 鹿沢国民休暇村
- Kazawakokuminkyuukamura
- 東予国民休暇村
- Touyokokuminkyuukamura
- 国民投票に訴える
- go to the people
- 国民の統合の象徴
- symbol fo the unity of the nation
- 国民の理解の増進
- Enhancement of Citizen's Understanding
- Improvement of Public Understanding
- Fostering Understanding of Citizens
- 国民保健サービス
- NHS service (UK)
- National Health Service
- 国民健康保険制度
- national health insurance program (programme)
- National Health Service
- 国民経済計算年報
- Annual Report on National Accounts
- 裏磐梯国民休暇村
- Urabandaikokuminkyuukamura
- 南阿蘇国民休暇村
- Minamiasokokuminkyuukamura
- 国民保養センター
- people's recreation center
- 南伊豆国民休暇村
- Minamiizukokuminkyuukamura
- 伊良湖国民休暇村
- Iragokokuminkyuukamura
- 教育改革国民会議
- National Commission on Educational Reform
- National Commission on Education Reform
- National Congress for Educational Reform
- National Council on Educational Reform
- 国民生活センター
- National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan
- JCIC
- 国民生活金融公庫
- National Life Finance Corporation
- 国民の意見の聴取
- Public Consultation
- 国民宿舎丹後由良荘
- Yura-so inn Kokumin-shukusha (literally, people's hotel facilities): An inexpensive inn/hotel operated by the local government
- 初めての国民的会議
- First national assembly
- 国民の権利及び義務
- RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
- 米国民主主義青年団
- American Youth for Democracy
- 妙高山麓国民休暇村
- Myoukousanrokukokuminkyuukamura
- (社)国民宿舎協会
- Kokuminshukusha Kyokai
- インドネシア国民党
- Partai Nasional Indonesia
- 国民休暇村乳頭山荘
- Kokuminkyuukamuranyuutousansou
- 近江八幡国民休暇村
- Oumihachimankokuminkyuukamura
- 国民宿舎御池ロッジ
- Kokuminshukushamiikerojji
- 竹野海岸国民休暇村
- Takenokaigankokuminkyuukamura
- 在日本大韓民国民団
- Korean Residents Union in Japan
- Mindan
- 国民の食生活の変化
- The change of people's diet
- 国民健康保険瑞穂病院
- National Health Insurance Mizuho Hospital
- 一般国民と皇族の差異
- Differences between the General Public and the Imperial Family
- 国民参加型の普及啓発
- citizen participation-based public relation activity
- 能登千里浜国民休暇村
- Notochirihamakokuminkyuukamura
- (財)国民休暇村協会
- National Vacation Village Corporation
- 気仙沼大島国民休暇村
- Kesennumaooshimakokuminkyuukamura
- 大山鏡ヶ成国民休暇村
- Daisenkagamiganarukokuminkyuukamura
- 茶臼山高原国民休暇村
- Chausuyamakougenkokuminkyuukamura
- 国民年金保養センター
- Kokuminnenkinhoyou
- 国民以外の者の国外犯
- Crimes Committed by Non-Japanese Nationals outside Japan
- フランクフルト国民議会
- Frankfurt Parliament
- 国民健康保険和知診療所
- National Health Insurance Wachi Clinic
- 日本弁護士国民年金基金
- Japan Attorneys Pension Fund
- ごみ減量化推進国民会議
- National Conference for Promoting Waste Reduction
- 国民宿舎尾瀬沼ヒュッテ
- Kokuminshukushaozenuma Hut
- 国民一般へのサービス。
- Services to the General Public
- Xが国民の理解を得る。
- X gained the understanding of the citizens.
- 和束町国民健康保険診療所
- Wazuka-cho National Health Insurance Clinic
- 伊根町国民健康保険診療所
- Ine-cho National Health Insurance Clinic
- 日本の国民の祝日の一つ。
- It is one of the national holidays in Japan.
- 国民生活金融公庫舞鶴支店
- National Life Finance Corporation (NLFC), Maizuru Office
- 国民の環境にやさしい行動
- environment-friendly behavior by citizens
- 国民生活に関する世論調査
- National Opinion Poll on People's Life
- 国民及び民間の団体の責務
- Responsibility of Citizens and Private Bodies
- - 玄孫 国民新党・政治家
- - A great-great-grandson, a statesman of Kokumin-shinto Party
- 民心の一新-国民精神改革-
- Refurbishing of people's mind: Kokumin Seishin Kaikaku
- 国民等の自発的な活動の促進
- Promotion of Voluntary Activities by the Citizens
- 伊根町国民健康保険本庄診療所
- Ine-cho National Health Insurance Honjo Clinic
- 伊根町国民健康保険伊根診療所
- Ine-cho National Health Insurance Ine Clinic
- 国民の愚かなるにして狂なる。
- People are foolish and crazy.
- 国民協会の幹事長に就任する。
- He assumed the role of Secretary-General of Kokumin Kyokai (National Association).
- 省資源・省エネルギー国民運動
- resource conservation and energy conservation people's movement
- 『国民之友』に「舞姫」を発表。
- He also published 'Maihime' (The Dancing Girl) in 'Kokumin no tomo' (The Nation's Friend).
- 平成12年度国民生活選好度調査
- Fiscal 2000 Survey on National Lifestyle Preferences
- 国民の健康への悪影響の未然防止
- Prevention of Adverse Effects on the Health of Citizens
- さらに国民の関心が高まります。
- The public shows more interest.
- この日は国民の休日と呼ばれる。
- This holiday is called kokumin no kyujitsu (holiday for a Nation)
- 海洋に関する国民の理解の増進等
- Enhancement of Citizen's Understanding of the Oceans, etc.
- 日本国民である放送事業者の放送
- broadcasts transmitted by broadcasting organizations of Japanese nationality;
- 同年、国民協会 (日本)を設立。
- In the same year, he established Kokumin Kyokai of Japan (The People's Co-operative Party).
- 地球環境と夏時間を考える国民会議
- Citizens' Conference to Think about the Global Environment and Daylight Saving Time
- Xがいたずらに国民の不安を煽る。
- X will unnecessarily inflame public anxiety.
- 逃亡犯罪人が日本国民であるとき。
- When the fugitive is a Japanese national.
- 国民の理解を深める等のための措置
- Measures to Deepen Public Understanding
- Measures to Increase Public Understanding, etc.
- 国民服令の条文には罰則がなかった。
- The National Uniform Edict did not include penal provisions.
- 国民健康保険センター 丹後おおみや
- National Health Insurance Center Tango Omiya
- 第六条第一項に規定する国民経済計算
- National accounts provided in Article 6, paragraph (1);
- 国民全員が必ず医療保険に入ります。
- All the people must purchase health insurance.
- 国民皆教育、国家主義教育、修身教育。
- Education for every citizen, education of nationalism, Shushin education (moral training education)
- 国民的な「ミッチー・ブーム」が興る。
- All over the country was excited by 'Mitchy boom' (Mitchy was a nickname of Michiko SHODA).
- 子は、次の場合には、日本国民とする。
- A child shall be a Japanese citizen in the following cases:
- 土砂災害から国民の生命・財産を守る。
- It will protect people's lives and property from landslide damage.
- 日本では国民の祝日の1日になっている。
- It is one of the national holidays in Japan.
- 礼装するときは必ず国民服の上衣を着た。
- The Joi national uniform was required for occasions of in full dress.
- わかれ道(1896年月、「国民之友」)
- Wakaremichi (Fork in the Road) (1896, 'Kokumin no Tomo')
- 舞姫 (『国民之友』、1890年1月)
- Maihime (The Dancing Girl) ('Kokumin no tomo' (The Nation's Friend)), January 1890.
- - 国民学校規定改正、朝鮮語の授業廃止
- Revision of the stipulation of Kokumin Gakko (elementary school in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947), and abolition of the Korean classes
- 彼が自分で国民年金の保険料を納めます。
- He pays the national pension premiums himself.
- この日は国民の祝日「秋分の日」となる。
- Shubun No Hi (Autumnal Equinox Day) is a public holiday in Japan.
- 日本国民をレコード製作者とするレコード
- phonograms the producers of which are Japanese nationals;
- 出生の時に父又は母が日本国民であるとき。
- If the father or mother is a Japanese citizen at the time of birth;
- 日本国民たる要件は、法律でこれを定める。
- The conditions necessary for being a Japanese national shall be determined by law.
- 省資源・省エネルギー国民運動地方推進会議
- Local Promotion Council for the Resource Conservation and Energy Conservation People's Movement
- 四国村(四国民家博物館)(香川県高松市)
- Shikokumura (Shikoku village houses Museum) (Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture)
- すべての人が、国民年金に必ず加入します。
- Everyone must join the national pension plan.
- 国民経済の健全な発展及び豊かな文化の創造
- Sound development of the national economy and creation of rich culture
- 五穀豊穣や国家国民の安寧を祈るものである。
- Imperial court rituals are performed for the purpose of good harvests and national / public peace.
- 1974年12月の国民投票でも承認された。
- This republican system of government was approved by a national referendum held in December, 1974.
- さらに1890年には『国民新聞』を発刊した。
- Minyu-sha also began publishing 'Kokumin Shinbun' (newspaper) in 1890.
- 8月、『国民之友』に訳詩編「於母影」を発表。
- In August, he published 'Omokage' (Vestiges), a book of songs, in 'Kokumin no tomo' (The Nation's Friend).
- すべて国民は、勤労の権利を有し、義務を負ふ。
- All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.
- 日本においては、春分の日は国民の祝日となる。
- In Japan, Shunbun No Hi (Vernal Equinox Day) is a public holiday.
- それ以外のときは、国民服を着る義務はなかった。
- For other occasions, the people did not have the duty to wear the national uniform.
- うたかたの記 (『国民之友』、1890年8月)
- Foam on the Waves ('Kokumin no tomo' (The Nation's Friend), August 1890.
- 国民道徳の必要性を訴え、日本弘道会を創設した。
- Emphasizing the need for public morality, he founded the Nihon Kodo-kai (Society for Promoting the Japanese Way).
- 地球温暖化防止のための緑の国民参加活動推進事業
- Program for Promoting Greening Activities to Prevent Global Warming with Citizen Participation
- 1988年度国民体育大会(2巡目国体の第1回)
- First National Sports Festival's second round in 1988.
- 戦後は、勤労感謝の日として国民の祝日となった。
- After World War Ⅱ, November 23 was designated as a national holiday called Labor Thanksgiving Day.
- このうち、るり渓高原温泉は国民保養温泉地である。
- Rurikei River Valley Highland Hot Spring is designated the People's Recreation Spa.
- その後、皇位継承問題が国民的議論として浮上した。
- Later, succession to the Imperial Throne became a discussion across the nation.
- 他方では新たに国民教育や天皇教育の充実に務めた。
- At the same time he made efforts to promote public education and to enhance the teaching of the imperial system.
- これにより、運動は全国民的なものとなっていった。
- Thus, the movement had spread to the whole country.
- (後に親政府議員を結集して国民協会を結成する。)
- (They gathered pro-government councilors to form National Association later.)
- 世界貿易機関の加盟国の国民である放送事業者の放送
- broadcasts transmitted by broadcasting organizations which are nationals of any of the member states of the World Trade Organization;
- 1946年:第1回国民体育大会が京都で開催される。
- 1946: The first National Sports Festival was held in Kyoto.
- 雑誌『国民之友』の表紙、挿絵を担当(以後、継続)。
- He was put in charge of the covers and illustrations of the 'Kokumin no tomo'(Companion for Nationals) magazine (he continued to be in charge.)
- 日本国民たる要件は、この法律の定めるところによる。
- The requirements of Japanese citizenship shall be governed by the provisions of this Act.
- 以後、敗戦に至るまで剣道は国民的に浸透し隆盛した。
- After that, Kendo spread throughout the nation and prospered until Japan's defeat in the war.
- 男性が国民服を着用する義務を規定する法律はなかった。
- There were not any laws to require that men should wear the national uniform.
- 将来的には国民の祝日とすることをも視野に入れている。
- It is also considering making Classics Day a national holiday in the future.
- 国民教育の充実、天皇教育の充実に積極的に取り組んだ。
- He actively pursued the enhancement of public education and of imperial system teaching.
- 国民全体の奉仕者たるにふさわしくない非行のあつた場合
- When he/she is guilty of such misconduct as to render himself/herself unfit to be a servant of all citizens.
- 日本国民の子(養子を除く。)で日本に住所を有するもの
- A child (excluding an adopted child) of a Japanese citizen, said child having a domicile in Japan;
- 出生前に死亡した父が死亡の時に日本国民であつたとき。
- If the father died before the child's birth and was a Japanese citizen at the time of death; or
- 国民は、法律の定めるところにより、納税の義務を負ふ。
- The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law.
- この条例は、38年度分の国民健康保険税から適用する。
- This ordinance will be applied for the National Health Insurance Tax from FY 1963.
- 当該外国刑の確定裁判を受けた者が日本国民であるとき。
- When the person subject to the final and binding decision in the foreign state is a Japanese citizen.
- 実演家等保護条約の締約国の国民である放送事業者の放送
- broadcasts transmitted by broadcasting organizations which are nationals of any of the contracting parties to the Convention for the Protection of Performers, etc.;
- 戦後、天皇誕生日として国民の祝日と定められ現在に至る。
- After the war, it is determined and still remains to be a national holiday as The Emperor's Birthday.
- 終戦後、日本は高度経済成長により国民の所得は増加した。
- After the end of the World War II, Japan's rapid economic growth increased its national income.
- 我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
- Those which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.
- 日本では国民食と呼ばれるほど広い世代に消費されている。
- The dish has been consumed by many different age groups and is now called a national food.
- そのために国民の英雄として空海が再評価されたのである。
- This was this reason Kukai was re-evaluated as a national hero.
- 1988年の京都国民体育大会では馬術の競技会場となった。
- Equestrian events were held here in the Kyoto National Sports Festival in 1988.
- 当時の全国集計による士族人口は全国民の3.9%であった。
- According to a tally compiled at that time, the warrior class accounts for 3.9% of the total population.
- また、この日にやってくる日本の国民の祝日の名称でもある。
- It is also the name of the Japanese national holiday which falls on this day.
- 成人の日(せいじんのひ)は日本の国民の祝日の1日である。
- Coming-of-Age Day is a national holiday in Japan.
- そのためにひと頃は脚気が国民病とまで言われたことがある。
- For this reason it was once said that beriberi was the Japanese national disease.
- 『於母影』 (新声社訳『国民之友』夏期付録、1889年)
- 'Omokage' (Vestiges) (summer appendix of 'Kokumin no tomo,' translated by Shinseisha, 1889).
- 昭和24年(1949年)には国民公園として広く開放された。
- Kyoto Gyoen National Garden was opened to the people as a national garden in 1949.
- 国家主権説は君主主権説とも国民主権説ともにおいて両立する。
- The state sovereignty theory balances between the monarch sovereignty and the popular sovereignty.
- 両議院は、全国民を代表する選挙された議員でこれを組織する。
- Both Houses shall consist of elected members, representative of all the people.
- と、国民には満年齢によって年齢を表わすことを改めて推奨し、
- The law recommended once again to describe age by the Western style.
- 2000年5月11日、環境省公示により国民保養温泉地に指定。
- May 11, 2000: It was designated as People's Recreation Spa by notification of the Ministry of the Environment.
- 成婚のパレードは盛大に行なわれ、国民の心からの祝福を受けた。
- With the grand scale parade to celebrate the marriage, the two received a heartfelt welcome from the nation.
- 明治7年(1874年)、国民の詠進も認められるようになった。
- In 1874, the public was permitted to present their poems.
- 1942年、情報局の国民映画脚本の公募に応募、佳作に終わる。
- In 1942, he submitted his script to a public call for nationalist film scripts by the Information Bureau, but received only an honorable mention.
- その中で国民党批判と共に日本の統治政策を再評価を訴えている。
- In his appeal he criticized the Kuomintang Party and re-evaluated Japan's governance policies.
- このことで壁画の劣化問題が一般国民の関心を引くこととなった。
- With this report, the deterioration of the mural paintings attracted public attention.
- 外国政府は自国民が残酷な刑罰に処せられることを危惧していた。
- Foreign governments were apprehensive of a possible punishment of their citizens.
- るり渓温泉(国民保養温泉地は、るり渓高原温泉という源泉の名前)
- Rurikei Onsen Hot Spring (Spa of Rurikei; listed in the national health hot springs under the name of Rurikei River Valley Highland Hot Spring which means a name of springhead)
- 陽明学宣揚は、国民国家の精神に注入すべく為されたものであった。
- Yomeigaku was enhanced to infuse it into the spirit of the nation-state.
- スギ花粉症は日本で最も多い花粉症で、国民の15%が患っている。
- It is the most prevalent form of hay fever in Japan where it affects 15% of the population.
- シーズンごとに各交通機関や観光地は余暇を過ごす国民で混雑する。
- In every season, transportation facilities as well as tourist spots are crowded with Japanese on holiday.
- すべて国民は、健康で文化的な最低限度の生活を営む権利を有する。
- All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living.
- そして、研究者や国民の墳丘への自由な立ち入りが禁止されている。
- Consequently, citizens and scholars are not permitted to freely enter the burial mound.
- 宮内庁が管理しており、研究者や国民の立ち入りは禁じられている。
- It is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, and is closed to researchers and nationals.
- 京都御苑(きょうとぎょえん)は京都府京都市上京区にある国民公園。
- Kyoto Gyoen National Garden is a national garden located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 明治期以降白米食が全国的に広まり、脚気は日本人の国民病となった。
- The habit of eating polished white rice has spread throughout Japan during the Meiji period and later, making beriberi a national disease in Japan.
- 1941年国民学校令の施行で唱歌は芸能科音楽へと発展的解消した。
- In 1941 with the enforcement of the National School Order, shoka developed into the geinoka (entertainment course) music.
- 毎年お盆と暮れの興行は日本人の風物詩、国民的映画とまで言われた。
- It was said that the movies, released in the summer holidays and at the year's end, were a Japanese seasonal tradition and a national institution.
- 前総統の李登輝は国民党の独裁政治を廃し台湾内での民主化を導いた。
- Teng-hui LEE, the former President of the Republic of China, stopped the dictatorship of the Kuomintang Party and promoted democratic reforms in Taiwan.
- このように加藤内閣のもとで国民のためになることも確かに多かった。
- In this way, it was true that the KATO cabinet implemented many policies that were truly beneficial to the Japanese people.
- 公務員を選定し、及びこれを罷免することは、国民固有の権利である。
- The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them.
- 1966年(昭和41年)の祝日法改正により国民の祝日に加えられた。
- In 1966, with revisions to the National Holiday Laws, the National Foundation Day was added to national holidays.
- 国内観光は新幹線や高速道路網の整備により国民の移動が容易になった。
- As for domestic tourism, developed network of Shinkansen and expressways has made travelling easier.
- 吏党色の強かった国民協会は自由党・進歩党のどちらにも与しなかった。
- As the Kokumin Kyokai was bureaucratically inclined, it did not take sides with either the Liberal Party or the Shinpoto.
- その後は西郷従道と協力して政治団体・国民協会 (日本)を組織する。
- He then worked together with Tsugumichi SAIGO and established a political group named Kokumin Kyokai (National Association).
- (2006年まで)国民の祝日が日曜日の場合、その翌日が休日となる。
- (Until 2006) If a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following day becomes a holiday.
- 天皇誕生日(てんのうたんじょうび)は、日本の国民の祝日の1日である。
- The Emperor's Birthday is one of Japanese national holidays.
- 1896年に国民協会を除く5党派は合同して進歩党_(明治)となった。
- Five parties of the Ko Roppa, except the Kokumin Kyokai, joined forces to form the Shinpoto (Progressive Party) (in Meiji Period) in 1896.
- 翌1793年に国民公会がルイ16世の処刑を議決しギロチン送りとした。
- In the following year, the National Convention decided to execute King Louis XVI by guillotine.
- 1940年4月には「忠良有為ノ皇国民ヲ錬成スル」という目的を掲げた。
- In April, 1940, the goal that 'training faithful and promising Japanese people' was laid out.
- 国民生活に不可欠な物資、エネルギー等の安定供給の確保を目的とする事業
- Business to secure stable supply of goods and energy indispensable for the lives of the citizenry
- 選択の宣言をした日本国民は、外国の国籍の離脱に努めなければならない。
- A Japanese citizen who makes the selection declaration shall endeavor to renounce his/her foreign nationality.
- この法律は、日本国外において次に掲げる罪を犯した日本国民に適用する。
- This Code shall apply to any Japanese national who commits one of the following crimes outside the territory of Japan:
- 昭和16年(1941年)の国民学校令の発布とともに学区制は廃止された。
- With the proclamation of Kokumin gakko rei (Act of elementary schools) in 1941, school district system was abolished.
- 対義語は臣民籍あるいは臣籍(しんせき)で、臣民(国民)としての籍の意。
- The antonym of Koseki is Shinminseki or Shinseki, which mean a status of a subject.
- 王朝が非常に古いという主張は、自国民を感心させるためだけではなかった。
- The insistence that the Japanese Imperial family had lasted since ancient times was made in order to earn admiration not only of Japanese people but also of the Chinese.
- 建国記念の日(けんこくきねんのひ)とは、日本の国民の祝日の1日である。
- National Foundation Day is a national holiday in Japan.
- 国民服令は、男性用の正装の衣服以外の衣服については全く言及していない。
- The National Uniform Edict did not mention clothes other than formal clothing for males.
- 国民服の中衣は肌着・下着ではないので、上衣を脱いだ状態でも外出できた。
- As Chui part the national uniform was not an undershirt, people could appear in public in only Chui without wearing Joi.
- 1985年3月19日、十津川温泉、上湯温泉とともに国民保養温泉地に指定。
- On March 19, 1985, it was designated as a People's Recreation Spa along with Totsukawa Onsen Hot Spring and Kamiyu Onsen Hot Spring.
- この間、国民の間でも憲法改正論議は高まり、様々な憲法改正案が発表された。
- On the other hand, debate on constitutional amendment grew warm also among common people, and they published various revision proposals.
- 例年、一定の題にしたがって(兼題の歌会)国民からの詠進歌を募集している。
- Usually each year, poems on a certain theme are invited from the public (for Subject for a Poem Utakai).
- 天皇の誕生日を記念し、国民の祝祭日として定めたことはこれが初めてである。
- Meiji setsu is the first public holiday which was established to commemorate the birthday of an emperor.
- 明治25年(1892年)の中央交渉会、国民協会 (日本)の成立にも関与。
- He was also involved with establishing of the Central Negotiation Committee and the National Society (Japan).
- 1923年総選挙で共和派が勝利して、翌年12月の国民投票で共和制に移行。
- In 1923, a republican party won the general election, and in December of the following year the country changed itself into a republic by a national referendum.
- 国民の食生活の状況等を考慮し、食品健康影響評価の結果に基づいた施策の策定
- Formulation of Policies on the Basis of the Results of the Assessment of the Effect of Food on Health in Consideration of the Conditions of the Dietary Habits of Citizens and Other Circumstances
- 1941年 日本童画家協会解散(戦時政策として日本少国民文化協会に統合)
- 1941: Nihon Dogaka Kyokai was dissolved (it was integrated into Japan Children's Culture Association under wartime policy).
- 宮内庁の管轄する古墳であるので、研究者や国民は、自由に立ち入りできない。
- This tumulus is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, thus a general public including the archaeological scholars are not allowed to enter the site without permission from the agency.
- その一方、「国会開設の詔勅」を発し、に議会を開設することを国民に約束した。
- Meanwhile, the Imperial Edict for Establishing a Diet was issued and Ito made a commitment to citizens to inaugurate the Diet.
- 1948年公布・施行の国民の祝日に関する法律(祝日法)によって制定された。
- It was established by the Act on National Holidays that was promulgated and went into effect in 1948.
- This holiday was established as a national holiday by the Act on National Holidays that was promulgated and went into effect in 1948.
- 後に文部卿に自ら就任したのは国民教育を充実させる事を目指したものであった。
- In fact he later became Minister of Education to develop public education.
- が同市神田区錦町3丁目(現在の千代田区神田錦町)にあった国民英学会に進む。
- After graduation, he studied at 'Kokumin Eigakkai' (National English Association) located in 3-chome, Nishiki-cho, Kanda Ward, Tokyo city (present day, Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda Ward).
- 国民革命派 総動員体制によるニヒリズム革命の戦士・労働者国家の創造を主張。
- National Revolutionary faction: advocating the creation of a nihilist revolutionary and a labor state through full mobilization.
- 議会停会に憤激した民衆は警察署や交番、御用新聞の国民新聞社などを襲撃した。
- The adjournment of the Diet enraged the masses, and they attacked facilities such as police stations, neighborhood police boxes, including a newspaper company Kokumin Shimbun, which was a government organ.
- 天皇は、内閣の助言と承認により、国民のために、左の国事に関する行為を行ふ。
- The Emperor, with the advice and approval of the Cabinet, shall perform the following acts in matters of state on behalf of the people:
- 国民の期待は軍部に集まり、弱腰であると非難されていた政治家は信頼を失った。
- Public expectations focused on the military, and politicians who were accused of vacillating weakness lost their trust.
- 司馬遼太郎の小説『竜馬がゆく』の主人公とされて以来、国民的人気を誇っている。
- He has gained a national reputation as a popular person since Ryotaro SHIBA had made him the leading character in his novel 'Ryoma ga Yuku.'
- 政党間の政権交替は総選挙という国民の審判を通じて行われるのが本来の形である。
- Normally, a change of government between political parties should happen through a general election, where the voice of the people is heard.
- 大日本帝国憲法の下で、国民による運動で内閣が倒されたのはこのときだけである。
- During the period governed by the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, this was the only time that a cabinet was brought down by a popular movement.
- 日本国民は、自己の志望によつて外国の国籍を取得したときは、日本の国籍を失う。
- If a Japanese citizen acquires the nationality of a foreign country at his/her choice, he/she loses Japanese nationality.
- それを知った楚の国民達は粽を川に投げ込み魚達が屈原の遺体を食べるのを制した。
- The people of Chu who came to know about the incident threw chimaki (a rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves) into the river so that the fish would not eat the dead body of Qu Yuan.
- 文化の日(ぶんかのひ)は、日本の国民の祝日の一つで、日付は11月3日である。
- Culture Day (Bunka no hi) is a Japanese national holiday held annually every November 3.
- 原子力災害 原子力緊急事態により国民の生命、身体又は財産に生ずる被害をいう。
- nuclear disaster means damage caused to the lives, bodies or properties of citizens due to a nuclear emergency situation;
- 「(中略)戦前は議員や国民が自由に発言することは非常に難しかったと思います。」
- (omission of a sentence) I heard that assembly members and the nation had difficulties in speaking freely in the prewar period.'
- これにより、上流社会の行事から一般の国民が参加できる文化行事へと変化を遂げた。
- In this way, the high society event turned into a cultural event in which the general public can participate.
- 1940年11月2日に日本政府は、国民服令という勅令(法律の一種)を施行した。
- On November 2, 1940, the Japanese government promulgated the National Uniform Edict as a kind of law.
- 現在は「国民の祝日に関する法律」によりそれぞれ春分の日・秋分の日となっている。
- The days for these festivals are now respectively called Vernal Equinox Day and Autumnal Equinox Day by the 'Act on National Holidays.'
- 形態、製作技法、用法等において我が国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの
- A typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, a usage etc.
- これに従わない社員たちは次々に退社し、1898年に『国民之友』は廃刊となった。
- Employees who did not follow in step left the company one after another, and in 1898, 'Kokumin no Tomo' was discontinued.
- 聖徳講話などを行い国民の教化に尽力し、國學院大學長、東京女学館長などを務めた。
- He made every effort to edify the public by delivering the lecture on sacred virtue, and served as the president of Kokugakuin University, the principal of Tokyo Jogakukan School, and so on.
- 国民工業学院理事長として、その創立、経営に努め、工業道徳の振興に力をそそいだ。
- As the administrative director of Kokumin Kogyo Gakuin (an institute for industrial education), he not only made efforts in establishing and managing the institute but also dedicated himself to promote industrial ethics.
- 暴徒化した民衆は内務大臣 (日本)官邸、国民新聞社、交番などを襲って破壊した。
- The people who turned into a mob attacked and distracted the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya, police stations and so on.
- この時の行政区域はその後の国民政府による台湾行政区域決定にも影響を与えている。
- The administrative regions established at this time influenced the Nationalist Government when it determined Taiwan administrative regions.
- このようにして、国民に対して融和的な政治を執ることで政局の安定化を図っている。
- By adopting a policy of reconciliation towards the people in this way, YAMAMOTO intended to stabilize the political situation).
- おそらくは本物の天皇陵内部を垣間見る機会を得た国民からは強い関心が寄せられた。
- People who probably had a chance of having a glimpse into an real imperial tomb showed a keen interest.
- 1889年(明治22年)2月11日、大日本帝国憲法が発布され、国民に公表された。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan was promulgated on February 11, 1889, and then announced to the public.
- 裕福な男性の中には個々の体型に合わせて採寸して国民服が仕立てられたこともあった。
- Some of the rich people had the national uniform custom tailored to fit.
- 中国国民党は石鼓の台北輸送を断念して逃亡し、石鼓は無傷で中国共産党の手に渡った。
- The Kuomintang Party (Chinese Nationalist Party) gave up their transportation of sekko to Taipei and ran away and sekko was received by the Communist Party of China without any damage.
- 雑誌『国民之友』を創刊し山路愛山・竹越与三郎・徳冨蘆花・国木田独歩らが入社した。
- The group founded the magazine 'Kokumin no Tomo (Friend of the people)', and Aizan YAMAJI, Yosaburo TAKEKOSHI, Rokka TOKUTOMI and Doppo KUNIKIDA joined the magazine.
- さらにこの頃になると、国民の間では普通選挙権を求める運動が日増しに高まっていた。
- By the time, the people's movement calling for universal suffrage gained momentum day by day.
- 昭和天皇・香淳皇后の第五子にして初の皇子誕生とあって、国民的な盛大な祝福を受ける。
- As he was the first prince born between the Emperor Showa and the Empress Kojun, who had already had four princesses, his birth was celebrated on a national scale.
- しかし、現在の皇帝に不満がある場合国民などが帝位に着くことを望んだ場合帝位に上る。
- However, a citizen could accede the imperial throne if he did not satisfy with the present emperor and hoped to do so.
- 1946年に在日韓国・朝鮮人が遺骨を発掘、故国である朝鮮において国民葬が行われた。
- In 1946, North and South Korean residents in Japan uncovered his remains and a national funeral was carried out in his native country, Korea.
- 戦後は国民の祝日からは外されたが、宮中では現在でも従来通りの元始祭が行われている。
- After World War II, it was excluded from public holidays, but its ceremony is still performed at the Imperial Court as it was in the past.
- なお、この巡幸の目的には、新たな象徴天皇崇敬の国民の意識形成があったともいわれる。
- Further, it is said that there was also anticipation of people forming a consciousness of the Emperor as the new symbol to be respected as an object of this Junko.
- 一定の題にしたがって国民からの詠進歌を募集している(詳しくは歌会始を参照のこと)。
- The public can send their verses on specified themes to the Palace (for more information see the page on New Year Poetry Reading).
- (1)由来、内容等において我が国民の基盤的な生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの
- (1) One that shows typical features of Japanese foundational life and culture in origin, details, etc.
- 国民同盟会(こくみんどうめいかい)は、明治時代の1900年9月に成立した政治団体。
- Kokumin Domeikai is the political society organized in the Meiji period, in September, 1900.
- ザビエルは日本人を、「今まで出会った異教徒の中でもっとも優れた国民」であるとみた。
- Xavier considered Japanese as 'the most excellent nationals among people of different religions.'
- また日露戦争の際には、皇后の夢に坂本龍馬が出たという喧伝を行い、国民を鼓舞させた。
- During the Russo-Japanese War, he made it widely known to people that Ryoma SAKAMOTO appeared in a dream of the Empress in order to inspire them.
- 1916年には国民新聞、時事新報の2紙に新聞小説を同時に連載(「墨染」「絵絹」)。
- In 1916 he wrote two newspaper serial novels at the same time for the Kokumin Shinbun and Jiji Shinpo newspapers ('Sumizome' and 'Eginu').
- また、国民全体が清教徒のよく言えば純粋、悪く言えば独善的な行動に嫌気がさしていた。
- This made the nation of England grow tired of the puritans' innocence in a good sense but self-righteous activities in a bad sense.
- 当時のインドシナは中国国民政府(蒋介石政権)に対する英米の支援ルートになっていた。
- Indochina was then a support route of Britain and the United States to China under the Nationalist (Chiang Kai-sek) Government.
- 大正2年(1913年)2月5日、議会で政友会と国民党が桂内閣の不信任案を提案する。
- On February 5, 1913, during the session of the Diet, the Seiyukai Party and the Kokumin-to Party jointly moved a vote of non-confidence against the KATSURA cabinet
- ミッチー・ブームがまだ冷めやらぬ成婚翌年のお世継ぎ誕生は、国民から盛大に祝福された。
- The nation celebrated the birth of an heir on a large scale, because the new prince was born in the following year of the marriage, amid unrelenting Mitchy boom.
- 1873年には徴兵制度の施行により国民皆兵を定め、1876年には廃刀令が実施された。
- Universal conscription was established through the enactment of conscription in 1873, and a decree banning the wearing of swords was issued in 1876.
- 日本国民の政治感覚のなさが、世論(大衆の意見)が輿論(公的な意見)となり増大された。
- Lack of political sense of Japanese people was increased because Seron (grass-roots opinion) grew into Koron (public opinion).
- その頃、湯浅治郎の紹介で徳富蘇峰と知り合い、民友社及び国民新聞の創刊の手伝いをする。
- Around that period, he came to know Soho TOKUTOMI, presented by Jiro YUASA, and assisted Tokutomi's work at Minyu-sha and helped Tokutomi to launch a new newspaper Kokumin Shinbun.
- 「民撰議院」によって有司の専権を抑え、以て国民は幸福を享受することになると主張する。
- They insisted that, with 'Minsen Giin' to suppress the autocracy of the bureaucrats, citizens would be happier.
- その間に清浦内閣が護憲三派の選挙運動の妨害を図ったことから、国民各層の憤激を招いた。
- During the period leading up to the election the KIYOURA cabinet occasionally attempted to disrupt the election campaign of the Goken Sanpa, which enraged the people of all social classes.
- ところが停会を知った国民は怒り、桂を擁護する議員に暴行するという事件までが発生する。
- The news of the suspension of the Diet angered the people and some angry citizens went so far as to assault Diet members who had supported KATSURA.
- 日本国民は、国家の名誉にかけ、全力をあげてこの崇高な理想と目的を達成することを誓ふ。
- We, the Japanese people, pledge our national honor to accomplish these high ideals and purposes with all our resources.
- 京丹後市内最大の病院である「京丹後市立弥栄病院」(旧:弥栄町国民健康保険病院)がある。
- This town has the lagest hospital in Kyotango City, 'Kyotango City Yasaka Hospital' (former: Yasaka-cho National Health Insurance Hospital).
- 1985年(昭和60年)3月19日、湯泉地温泉、上湯温泉とともに国民保養温泉地に指定。
- On March 19, 1985, it was designated as one of People's Recreation Spa, along with Tosenji Onsen Hot Spring and Kamiyu Onsen Hot Spring..
- この問題を巡って野党立憲国民党や大日本国体擁護団体などが当時の第2次桂内閣を糾弾した。
- Regarding this problem, the opposition party, Rikken Kokumin-to Party (Constitutional National Party) and the Dainipponkokutai advocacy group both accused the Katsura Cabinet of the second term at that time.
- 「日本国憲法で、天皇は日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴であると規定されています。」
- The Constitution of Japan provides that the Emperor is the symbol of Japan, as well as the symbol of the unity of the Japanese people.'
- 大意として学問の有無が人生に与える影響を説いており、日本国民の行くべき道を指し示した。
- The book generally emphasized how education affects people's life, and indicated a road for the Japanese of that time to take.
- 国民的基盤に立った大学改革を唱えて東京工業大学教授を辞職し、朝日新聞論説委員になった。
- He resigned from his post, a professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, advocating the need for university reform based on people and became an editorial writer for Asahi Shimbun Company.
- たとえば、日本国憲法を国民は想起したがその条規は守らねばならず、その行動は制限される。
- For example, though people recalled the Constitution of Japan, they have to conform to the provisions and their actions are limited.
- また日本国憲法施行後は国民主権主義に基づき皇籍離脱(こうせきりだつ)の語が用いられる。
- There is also a description of 'Kosekiridatsu' (secession of a prince from the Imperial Family) based upon national sovereignty rights under the Constitution of Japan.
- 公立旧制中学校の校長に任命された台湾人はなく、国民学校も分教場を入れて4人のみだった。
- No Taiwanese was assigned as the principal of the junior high school under the old system of education, and only 4 people were assumed the place of the principal in the national elementary school (in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947) and branch school.
- これは国民の「輿論公議」を重んじるとした『五箇条の御誓文』の精神に反すると痛烈に批判。
- It severely criticized contradiction to the spirit of 'The Charter Oath of Five Articles' which emphasized 'open discussion' by the public.
- 1876年には国民の海外渡航や外国人商人との貿易を解禁し、完全な開国政策を打ち出した。
- In 1876, the policy of opening the country was implemented, then the ban on travelling abroad and trade with foreign merchants were lifted.
- 大村や西郷従道、山縣有朋(論主一賦兵)らは、早くから「国民皆兵」の必要性を唱えていた。
- Omura, Tsugumichi SAIGO, Aritomo YAMAGATA (Ronshu ichifuhei) and others had been advocating the necessity of universal conscription since early days.
- 日本国民であつた者の子(養子を除く。)で引き続き三年以上日本に住所又は居所を有するもの
- A child (excluding an adopted child) of a Japanese citizen, the former continuously having a domicile or residence in Japan for three years or more;
- 前日と翌日が国民の祝日で、なおかつその日が日曜日もしくは振替休日でない日は休日となる。
- If the day between two other national holidays is not a Sunday or a national holiday, that day becomes a holiday.
- この法律の適用に当たっては、国民の権利を不当に侵害しないように留意しなければならない。
- In the application of this Act, care shall be taken not to improperly infringe upon the rights of citizens.
- 秀吉は初めての領地が長浜市であった関係もあり、多数の近江国民を主に事務方として登用した。
- Partly because Hideyoshi's first territory was Nagahama City, he promoted a lot of people from Omi as the clerical staff.
- 1985年(昭和60年)3月19日、温泉地温泉、十津川温泉とともに国民保養温泉地に指定。
- On March 19, 1985, it was designated as a People's Recreation Spa along with Tosenji Onsen Hot Spring and Totsukawa Onsen Hot Spring.
- 男性の小学生以外の学生・生徒の制服を新しく制作するときは、国民服の乙号を作ることとした。
- The outline stated that when uniforms for male students, except for elementary school, are produced, the national Otsugo uniform should be produced.
- 宮内庁では、国民の自主的な意思に基づく奉仕による皇居の清掃活動への参加を受け付けている。
- The Imperial Household Agency allows the public to voluntarily participate in cleaning the Palace.
- 日本国憲法において、「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」(第一条)と位置づけられる。
- It is positioned as 'The symbol of the country of Japan and the symbol of unity of the people in Japan' in the Constitution of Japan.
- 1960年代に私鉄電車の検車庫問題と国道建設問題に対する二度の国民的保存運動がおこった。
- In 1960s, two national preservation movements arose against the private railway company's train inspection garage problem and also the national route construction problem.
- 国民は、土地の利用及び取引に当たっては、土地についての基本理念を尊重しなければならない。
- Citizens shall respect the Basic Principles on Land when using and transacting in land.
- 監査法人又はその特定社員は、監査法人に対する国民の信頼を失墜させる行為をしてはならない。
- An audit corporation or its specified partner shall not commit an act that would ruin the trust of citizens in audit corporations.
- ポーツマス条約の内容は、賠償金を取れないなど、多くの国民にとって予想外に厳しい内容だった。
- Many citizens were disappointed by the Treaty of Portsmouth, which did not grant Japan any reparations.
- 日本政府が、国民に伝えた宣戦の理由(清国ニ対スル宣戦ノ詔勅)の要旨は次のようなものである。
- The Japanese government explained to the people the outline of the cause for the war (Imperial Rescript of war declaration against Qing) as follows;
- 国民服と呼ばれる統一規格の洋服が配給され、数少ない配給衣服の着用での生活を余儀なくされる。
- Clothes with unified standards, which were called kokuminfuku (national uniform [such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940]), were rationed, and people were forced to live with few clothes that were rationed.
- アメリカ合衆国国民を妻に持ち、キリスト教徒で、学者として日本と欧米で活動をした著者である。
- The author was a Christian and a scholar who had a wife of US citizen, and was active in Japan, the United States and European countries.
- 台湾における国民意識の向上が課題となった総督府により皇民化政策が推し進められることになる。
- Because the Sotoku-fu needed to improve Taiwanese awareness as the Japanese, it started to promote the kominka (subjects of the emperor) policy.
- だが国民の負担が重いなど実情にあわず、1879年(明治12年)の教育令によって廃止された。
- However, because it was inappropriate to the real situation for the heavy imposition on people and so on, the order was repealed and replaced by Kyoikurei (the 1879 Education Order) in 1879.
- 護憲運動(ごけんうんどう)とは、大正時代に発生した立憲政治を擁護する国民や政党などの運動。
- Goken Undo refers to movement initiated during the Taisho Period by Kokumin (the people) and political parties to protect constitutional government.
- 国民は、国及び地方公共団体が実施する土地に関する施策に協力するように努めなければならない。
- Citizens shall endeavor to cooperate with the measures on land implemented by the State and local public entities.
- 公的統計は、広く国民が容易に入手し、効果的に利用できるものとして提供されなければならない。
- Official statistics shall be provided widely for the citizens so that they are easily accessible for their effective use.
- 日本国民である有線放送事業者の有線放送(放送を受信して行うものを除く。次号において同じ。)
- wire-broadcasts transmitted by wire-broadcasting organizations of Japanese nationality (excluding, however, those wire-broadcasts having the same contents as a received broadcast; the same shall apply in the next item);
- 1996年5月2日 - 環境省告示第26号により、久美の浜温泉郷として国民保養温泉地に指定。
- May 2, 1996: Kuminohama Hot Spring was designated the People's Recreation Spa by the Ministry of Environment Notification No.26.
- なお、現在の日本では国民の祝日に関する法律によって、月日に基づき天皇誕生日が定められている。
- Under the Act on National Holidays, in present Japan, the Emperor's Birthday is determined according to the date of birth of the Emperor.
- 士族や富裕商人、富裕農民だけではなく、身分を問わず苗字を付けることが認められた(国民皆姓)。
- All people, not only those in the warrior class and affluent merchants and farmers, were allowed to have their surnames regardless of their titles (Kokumin kaisei).
- 宮中祭祀(きゅうちゅうさいし)は天皇が国家と国民の安寧と繁栄を祈ることを目的におこなう祭祀。
- Court rituals are performed in order for an emperor to pray for peace, security, and prosperity of the nation and people.
- 国民の権利などについて、当時としては画期的な内容が含まれ、現日本国憲法に近い内容も見られる。
- The draft contains some epoch-making contents for the period, such as civil rights, which has some affinities with the present constitution of Japan.
- すべて国民は、法律の定めるところにより、その能力に応じて、ひとしく教育を受ける権利を有する。
- All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law.
- その上、生活の困窮から弓に割く時間的・心理的余裕も無くなり、国民から弓道は遠ざかっていった。
- Furthermore, due to the hardship of life there was no room for the bow in terms of time nor psychology, and people became distanced from Kyudo.
- 現在の国民体育大会弓道競技は、的中制近的競技と、得点制遠的競技 (60m) の二種から成る。
- In today's National Sports Festival, there are two types of kyudo games, tekichu-sei kinteki (the regular close-ranged shooting) and tokuten-sei enteki (60m).
- In today's National Sports Festival, there are two types of kyudo games, tekichu-sei kinteki and tokuten-sei enteki (the shooting for long distance on 60m).
- 西殿塚古墳は、宮内庁が管理しているために、国民はもちろん学者も自由に立ち入ることができない。
- Because the Nishi-Tonozuka tumulus is managed by The Imperial Household Agency, no scholar as well as ordinary persons can enter the tumulus site.
- 仕事や観光で出向いた広島県で広島風お好み焼きを初めて食べて衝撃を受ける四国民もまだまだ多い。
- When people in Shikoku go to Hiroshima Prefecture on business or on a sightseeing trip and eat Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki for the first time, many of them are still shocked at it.
- しかし賠償金は全く取れなかったため、日本国内では国民の怒りが爆発し、日比谷焼打事件が起こった。
- Due to the fact, however, that no monetary indemnity was received, the anger of Japanese people exploded causing the Hibiya riots.
- 日本国民の養子で引き続き一年以上日本に住所を有し、かつ、縁組の時本国法により未成年であつたもの
- An adopted child of a Japanese citizen, said child continuously having a domicile in Japan for one year or more, and having been a minor according to his/her national law at the time of adoption;
- 日本国民でない者(以下「外国人」という。)は、帰化によつて、日本の国籍を取得することができる。
- A person who is not a Japanese citizen (hereinafter referred to as 'foreign national') may acquire Japanese nationality through naturalization.
- 親族関係に関する法律事件で、その当事者として日本国民が含まれるものについての代理及び文書の作成
- representation or the preparation of documents regarding a legal case concerning family relations in which a Japanese national is involved as a party.
- 国民は、前条の目的を達成するため、その地位と能力に応じた寄与をするように努めなければならない。
- The citizen shall endeavor to contribute, according to their position and capability, in order to achieve the purposes under the preceding Article.
- 請求が引渡条約に基づかないで行われたものである場合において、請求に係る者が日本国民であるとき。
- When the request is not based on an extradition treaty and the person concerned in the request is a Japanese national.
- 702年には、大宝令にもとづいた最初の造籍が行われ、国民1人1人が政府に把握されるようになった。
- In 702, the first family register was created on the basis of the Taiho Code and each member of the nation had been surveyed by the government.
- 国家に半ば強制された歴史もあり、もんぺは劣悪な国民の戦時生活の代名詞として用いられることもある。
- Sometimes monpe are used as a synonym of the poor citizen's life during the war because of the history that they were nearly forced to wear by the nation.
- 「しかし、いまや国民皆兵の令がしかれ、巡査の制がもうけられ、個人が刀を佩びる必要はみとめない。」
- However, since universal conscription and the system of a patrol officer have been introduced, the necessity for individuals to carry a sword is no longer recognized.'
- しかし、国民各層にはその考え方が次第に浸透して行き、自由民権運動の気運が高まるきっかけとなった。
- However, the idea slowly seeped into every class of people and triggered the rise in the momentum toward Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- 外国の国籍を有する日本国民は、法務大臣に届け出ることによつて、日本の国籍を離脱することができる。
- A Japanese citizen having foreign nationality may renounce Japanese nationality by notification to the Minister of Justice.
- しかし、文化庁がカビ発生や壁画劣化の事実を公表していなかったため、国民の不審を招くこととなった。
- However, the Agency for Cultural Affairs did not disclose the fact that fungi had grown and the mural paintings had deteriorated, which aroused mistrust of the people.
- かつて元服の儀を小正月に行っていたということから、1月15日は成人の日という国民の祝日となった。
- Since genpuku no gi (the ceremony of attaining manhood) was conducted in Koshogatsu, January 15th became a national holiday called Coming-of-Age Day.
- 過去の罪障を悔い改めるとともに、国家の繁栄や国民の幸せ、五穀豊穰などを願って営まれたものである。
- The function of this ceremony would allow the people to repent for sinful behavior, to wish prosperity for the nation, happiness to the citizens of the nation and to pray for bumper crops.
- 仏教が国民的な宗教になったとは言い難い(もちろん民衆と仏教が全く無関係であったわけではないが)。
- It is difficult to say that Buddhism became a national religion (of course, this did not mean that common people had no relation with Buddhism).
- そのため、戦時中に増税による耐乏生活を強いられてきた日本国民が日比谷焼打事件などの暴動を起こした。
- The failure led to riots, such as Hibiya Incendiary Incident, by some Japanese nationals who had endured severe suppression and poverty due to increasing taxes during the war time.
- 例えば井上哲次郎に代表される国家主義者たちは武士道を日本民族の道徳、国民道徳と同一視しようとした。
- For example, nationalists as typified by Tetsujido INOUE tried to identify Bushido as the national morality of Japanese.
- 一部右翼活動家の中にはイルクーツク州以東のロシア帝国領土割譲がされると国民を扇動する者までいた)。
- A part of right-wing activists agitated the Japanese people by sayng that the Russian Empire's territory in the east of Irkutsk State would be ceded.
- 現在の価値観からは非難されるが、当時としては同化政策によって国民統合を図るのは普通のことであった。
- It deserves criticizm by current standards, but at the time, it was common to achieve national integration by assimilationism.
- 公正かつ自由な経済活動の機会の確保及び促進並びにその活性化による国民生活の安定向上を目的とする事業
- Business to secure and promote fair and free opportunity for economic activity and to stabilize and enhance the lives of the citizenry by way of activating the economy
- 外国の国籍を有する日本国民は、その外国の法令によりその国の国籍を選択したときは、日本の国籍を失う。
- A Japanese citizen having the nationality of a foreign country loses Japanese nationality when he/she selects the nationality of that foreign country according to the laws and regulations thereof.
- 内閣は、国会及び国民に対し、定期に、少くとも毎年一回、国の財政状況について報告しなければならない。
- At regular intervals and at least annually the Cabinet shall report to the Diet and the people on the state of national finances.
- 1988年(昭和63年)の「第43回国民体育大会」の京都府開催が開催されるため急ピッチで工事が進む。
- Construction moved ahead quickly in order to complete the park before the '43th National Sports Event' held in Kyoto Prefecture in 1988.
- こういった、和歌を国民文学とする意識からすれば、日本においては一般に曲よりも歌詞の方が重要視された。
- Because it is understood that waka is national literature, in Japan in general, the words had importance more so than melody.
- それまで日本は幕藩体制の中でバラバラの状況であり、一つの国家と国民という結びつきが出来ていなかった。
- Until then, Japan had been divided into many domains due to the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate, and had not been regarded as a unitary nation of united people.
- 2032年には、敬老の日が9月20日、秋分の日が9月22日になるため、9月21日が国民の休日になる。
- In 2032, September 21 will fall on a national holiday because the Respect for the Aged Day will fall on September 20 and the Autumnal Equinox Day will fall on September 22.
- 神宮をはじめ、全国の神社においては、皇統の繁栄と、五穀豊穣と国民の加護を祈念する中祭として行われる。
- At Jingu (Ise-jingu Shrine) and other shrines all over the country, this is undertaken as a medium scale festival to pray wishing the prosperity of the imperial lineage as well as gokokuhojo (huge harvest of cereals) and the protection for the people.
- 平安以前でも国民は天皇の御座のあるところを都ととらえ、陪都への行幸もその滞在が長ければ遷都と呼んだ。
- Before Heian period, the people considered that the capital was the place where emperor resided, and when emperor extended the stay in secondary capital during the visit, they regarded it as a transfer of the capital.
- その後は衆議院議員を昭和11年(1936年)から連続3期務め、国民使節として渡米し国際的に活動した。
- Afterwards, Matsukata served as the member of the House of Representatives for three consecutive terms from 1936, and moved to the U.S. as a national ambassador to work internationally.
- このあとは、反立憲政友会陣営の雄として、衆議院小会派をいくつか渡り歩いた後、立憲国民党の結成に参加。
- After he went through small factions in the House of Representatives as a leader of anti-Rikken seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government) group, he participated in the formation of Rikken Kokumin-to Party (Constitutional Nationalist Party).
- 立憲政友会の尾崎行雄と立憲国民党の犬養毅らはこれに反発し、お互いに協力しあって憲政擁護会を結成する。
- Opposing the movement by KATSURA's cabinet, Yukio OZAKI of the Rikken Seiyukai Party (Friends of Constitutional Government Party) and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Rikken Kokumin-to Party (Constitutional Nationalist Party) cooperated with each other to form the Kensei Yogokai
- 国策により武道が利用されはじめ、国民は弓道を含めた各種武道・武士道の再認識・尊重をするようになった。
- Martial arts began being used as national policy, and citizens once again recognized and respected the various martial arts, including Kyudo and Bushido (the code of the samurai).
- 戦後はアメリカの近代文化が国民の憧れとなり、高度経済成長により日本は飛躍的な工業化と都市化を遂げる。
- The American modern culture was longed for by Japanese people after the war, and Japan has accomplished drastic industrialization and urbanization through a high economic growth.
- 日本と中国の戦争すなわち日華事変がすでにこのとき開始しており、国民が団結して戦争に臨む必要があった。
- War between Japan and China, or Nikkajihen, had already broken out, and it was necessary for the nation to be united for the war.
- 国は、水産に関する情報の提供等を通じて、基本理念に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めなければならない。
- The State shall endeavor to enhance the citizens' better understanding of the basic principles by providing relevant information, etc. on fisheries.
- 「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません。」
- Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- 『学問のすすめ』への批判は、特に第6編「国法の貴きを論ず」と第7編「国民の職分を論ず」に集中していた。
- Harsh critiques against Gakumon no Susume at the time were focused on the sixth volume 'Kokuho no totoki wo ronzu' (Consideration of the importance of national laws), and the seventh volume 'Kokumin no shokubun wo ronzu' (Consideration of the jobs of people).
- 国民服の甲号の帽子は、礼装する場合は、ひさしがついた烏帽子型とされ、礼装しない場合は「適宜」とされた。
- For the full dress Kogo type national uniform, the peaked cap should be selected, and for other occasions, it was specified as 'discretionary.'
- 皇族以外の親族には下記「一般国民と皇族の差異」は当てはまらないが、近親婚の禁止等の規制等は適用される。
- Although the 'Differences between the General Public and the Imperial Family' below do not apply to those relatives that are not part of the Imperial family, certain provisions such as those banning consanguineous marriages do apply.
- 翌・明治23年(1890年)には教育勅語を発し、近代天皇制国家を支える臣民(国民)道徳の涵養に努めた。
- In the following year, 1890, the Imperial Rescript of Education was issued, the Emperor put his efforts into cultivating the morality of the nation who supported the modern Emperor System.
- 政友会は立憲国民党の犬養毅らと提携し、護憲運動の陣頭に立ち、西園寺内閣の後任の第3次桂内閣と対立した。
- The Seiyu-kai Party formed an alliance with Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Rikken (Constitutional) National Party, led the movement to protect the constitution, and confronted the Third Katsura Cabinet that succeeded the Saionji cabinet.
- この間に桂太郎の新党構想に関与して所属の立憲国民党の分裂を引き起こして桂新党(立憲同志会)に参加した。
- During this period, he got involved in Taro KATSURA's initiative to launch a new party, which invited a schism within the Rikken Kokumin-to Party where he belonged to, and joined the Katsura New Party (Rikken Doshi-kai).
- 隣組は、日本の昭和期において戦時体制の銃後を守る、国民生活の基盤の1つとなった官主導の隣保組織である。
- Tonarigumi is a government-led system for maintaining neighborhood which was one of the bases of people's lives to support the fighting forces of the wartime regime during the Showa period.
- この新たな氏姓制度が日本国民全員に確立したのは、1875年(明治8年)の平民苗字必称令によってである。
- This new name system was established among all Japanese citizens when the order issued in 1875 made it mandatory for all commoners to have family names.
- 全204条からなり、そのうち150条を基本的人権について触れ、国民の権利保障に重きをおいたものである。
- The constitution draft consists of 204 Articles in total and 150 Articles which mention basic human rights put emphasis on the assurance of civil rights.
- その流れは16世紀の戦国時代に広く地方へと普及していき、やがて国民文化として発展していくこととなった。
- This trend spread widely to local regions in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the sixteenth century, resulting in the creation of a national culture.
- 内閣総理大臣は、国民生活審議会の意見を聴いて、基本方針の案を作成し、閣議の決定を求めなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall prepare a draft of the Basic Policy, consulting the Quality of Life Council, and seek a cabinet decision.
- 内閣総理大臣は、独立行政法人国民生活センターに、前二項の情報の公表に関する業務を行わせることができる。
- The Prime Minister may have the Incorporated Administrative Agency, National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan conduct services regarding the publication of information prescribed in the preceding paragraphs (1) and (2).
- 教育、スポーツ等を通じて国民の心身の健全な発達に寄与し、又は豊かな人間性を涵養することを目的とする事業
- Business to contribute to sound development of mind and body of the citizen or to cultivate abundant human nature through education and sports, etc.
- 国民の祝日に関する法律(以下「祝日法」)では「自由と平和を愛し、文化をすすめる」ことを趣旨としている。
- The Law concerning National Holidays (referred to as the National Holidays Law) stipulates Culture Day for the purpose of 'promoting culture and love of freedom and peace.'
- 1912年に三浦周行が、論文「戦国時代の国民議会」でこの一揆を取り上げて以後、広く知られるようになった。
- Since Hiroyuki MIURA presented this uprising in his research titled 'National Assembly in the Age of Civil War' in 1912, the uprising in Yamashiro Province became widely-known.
- 政府は、総司令部と折衝の上、3月6日に「憲法改正草案要綱(3月6日案)」を政府案として、国民に公表した。
- The government announced to the public 'the Outline of the Draft for a Revised [Draft on March 6]' on March 6, which was completed after deliberations with GHQ.
- これが新聞に載って国民の士気を鼓舞し、京都霊山護国神社にある坂本龍馬の墓前に忠魂碑が立てられるに至った。
- This ran in the newspapers arousing the morale of the nation, which lead to the establishment of a monument for loyal souls in front of Ryoma SAKAMOTO's grave in Reizan Gokoku Shrine.
- シベリア出兵を日本の領土的野心を猜疑され日露戦争の外債による国民生活の疲弊を再び起こす、と反対している。
- She was against the Siberian Intervention by stating that such an act would arouse suspicions that Japan had territorial ambitions, resulting in impoverishment of people's lives again caused by foreign loans in the Russo-Japanese War.
- この計画を手がけたことにより国内での知名度と人気はさらに高まり、国民的日本画家とも称されるようになった。
- He became more famous and popular domestically by having worked on that project and came to be called a national Japanese-style painter.
- 上記は制度改革について論じたものの例であるが、一方で国民の考え方、気風を変えるべきとの姿勢も顕著である。
- The above was an example which was discussed about reforms of system, on the other hand, it had a clear stance that they should change people's way of thinking and spirit.
- 会場となった蕨第一国民学校(現蕨市立蕨北小学校)の校庭にテントを張り、青年祭のプログラムとして行われた。
- A tent was pitched at the schoolyard of Warabi Daiichi Elementary School (in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947) (present-day Warabi Municipal Warabikita Elementary School) which was used as a ceremonial place, and programs were held for the Seinen-sai Festival.
- 第四項に掲げる行為の目的で、児童ポルノを外国に輸入し、又は外国から輸出した日本国民も、同項と同様とする。
- Any Japanese national who imports or exports child pornography to or from a foreign country for the purpose of the activities prescribed in paragraph 4 of this article shall be punished by the same penalty prescribed in the said paragraph.
- 日本の近代化のためにも、国民の政治への関与を一定程度認めることは必要であり、近代的な国家体制が模索された。
- For the modernization of Japan, they understood that they needed to allow political involvement of the general public; so they began to search for a modern framework for the nation.
- その後、国民の反発に押された日本政府の抗議により、再審理がなされ、船長のみに禁錮3ヶ月の刑が言い渡された。
- After that, the Japanese government under pressure from a public backlash protested against it, and the case was retried and only the captain was sentenced to three months in prison.
- 礼装しない場合の国民服の甲号では、上衣と「袴」だけが茶褐色であり、他の部分の色は「適宜」とだけ指定された。
- For occasions other than requiring full dress with the Kogo type national uniform, it was specified that only Joi and 'Hakama' should be brown and other clothes were specified as 'discretionary.'
- 室町時代以降、小判などの貨幣に刻印されたため、日本国政府を表す紋章として国民に広く認知されることとなった。
- Since it was incused on money such as koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) after Muromachi period, it became widely recognized by the nation as the Monsho representing Japanese government.
- 後に国民協会が院内会派・議院倶楽部を設立するとほとんどが移籍してしまい、他の政党・会派に移籍する者も出た。
- When Kokumin Kyokai established a parliamentary group ・ the Councilor Society later, most of them transferred their registration, and some even transferred to other political parties ・ groups.
- だが、この内閣は立憲政友会などの政党側のみならず一般国民からも反感を買い、第2次護憲運動によって倒された。
- This administration however antagonized not only political parties such as Rikken Seiyukai but also the general public, and was overthrown in the second constitution protection movement.
- 2月5日、再会された議会で政友会や国民党などの野党は内閣不信任決議案を議会に提出し、ただちに停会となった。
- On February 5, at the reconvened Diet, opposition parties, including the Seiyukai and the Kokuminto, put forward a non-confidence motion against the Cabinet, and the Diet adjourned immediately.
- ここでは山東半島におけるドイツ帝国勢力の駆逐と中国利権の確保を契機として、政友会と国民党は選挙で敗北した。
- The Okuma Administration drove out the German Empire forces from the Shandong Peninsula to secure Japanese interests in China, which consequently lead the defeat of the Seiyukai and the Kokuminto in the election.
- 国は、国民が農業に対する理解と関心を深めるよう、農業に関する教育の振興その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as the promotion of agricultural education so as to obtain better understanding and interest of the citizens in agriculture.
- 国は、国民が漁業に対する理解と関心を深めるよう、漁業に関する教育の振興その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as promotion of education on fisheries to obtain better understanding and interest of the citizens in fisheries.
- 日本銀行は、通貨及び金融の調節に関する意思決定の内容及び過程を国民に明らかにするよう努めなければならない。
- The Bank of Japan shall endeavor to clarify to the citizen the content of its decisions, as well as its decision-making process, regarding currency and monetary control.
- 一方、明治政府の立場からは、天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史叙述が構築されていった。
- On the other hand, from the viewpoint of building a nation-state centered on the Emperor, the Meiji government developed nationalistic descriptions of history.
- 明治5年(1872年)には徴兵制度を採用し、国民皆兵主義となったため、士族による軍事的職業の独占は破られた。
- Since the government introduced a conscription system in 1872 and Japan became a nation with universal conscription, the military forces were no longer monopolized by the warrior class.
- 「自由民権家は皆明治維新を闘った尊皇家で、天皇の存在に国民の権利、利益の究極の擁護者の地位を仰ぎ見ていた。」
- Democratic activists used to be people with reverence for the emperor who had fought during the Meiji restoration, and they considered the emperor as the ultimate advocate of public rights and benefits.'
- 国民服の甲号で礼装する場合、上衣、「袴」(形は洋服のズボン)、帽子、外套の全ての色が「茶褐色」と決められた。
- For the full dress Kogo type national uniform, it was specified that 'brown' should be selected for all of Joi, 'Hakama' that seemed like trousers, cap, and overcoat.
- この規定の影響などもあって、紀元節は旧暦1月1日、すなわち旧正月を祝う祝日との誤解が国民のあいだに広まった。
- Many people misunderstood Kigensetsu as a national holiday to celebrate January 1 of the old lunar calendar, or the lunar New Year, partly due to this regulation.
- しかし汚職の横行と世界大恐慌の影響で政治的に行き詰まり、1935年11月3日の国民投票で王政復古が決定した。
- But, since internally rampant corruption and the worldwide Great Depression bogged the country down politically, it decided to revive the monarchy by a national referendum on November 3, 1935.
- 採用試験は、人事院規則の定める受験の資格を有するすべての国民に対して、平等の条件で公開されなければならない。
- Employment examinations shall be open on equal conditions to any citizen who possesses the qualifications which are provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority to take examinations.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、配偶者からの暴力の防止に関する国民の理解を深めるための教育及び啓発に努めるものとする。
- The national government and local public entities shall endeavor to promote education and enlightenment activities to deepen citizens' understanding concerning the prevention of spousal violence.
- 国、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民のそれぞれが講ずべき温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等のための措置に関する基本的事項
- Basic matters regarding the control of greenhouse gases which should be taken by the national government, local governments, businesses, and citizens, respectively.
- それゆえ、この国に棲む人々は四季の移ろいに敏感で、穏やかではあるが自然に対して感受性の鋭い国民性が育まれた。
- Therefore, people living in this country are sensitive to changes of the seasons, and are modest, but, the nationality of being very sensitive to the nature was fostered.
- 日本国民(わが国の法令に基づいて設立された法人及び国内に主たる事務所を有する法人を含む。以下同じ。)の著作物
- works of Japanese nationals ("Japanese nationals" includes juridical persons established under the laws and regulations of Japan and those who have their principal offices in Japan; the same shall apply hereinafter);
- 国民は、エネルギーの使用に当たっては、その使用の合理化に努めるとともに新エネルギーの活用に努めるものとする。
- When using energy, citizens shall endeavor to make rational use of such energy and to utilize new energy resources.
- 明治時代以降、他の皇室慶弔行事と同じように、即位の礼の日はその年限りの国民の祝日となることが慣例となっている。
- After the Meiji period, it became custom that the day of the Sokui no rei becomes a national holiday only for that year like other Imperial-Family congratulations-and-condolences events.
- 皇太子時代、チャクリー王朝からタイ国民の蛋白質不足について相談を受け、養殖の容易なティラピアを50匹寄贈した。
- Asked about protein shortage spreading among Thai people by the Chakkri Dynasty, he donated 50 tilapias, a kind of freshwater fishes having characteristics of easily cultivable.
- こうした皇室制度は、国民から隔絶した絶対的な権力を有する天皇制天皇制絶対主義であると規定する学者も少なくない。
- There are many scholars that define this system of Imperial Household as the system of absolutism by the Emperor, which holds absolute powers that are isolated from the people.
- 国民のこの反応を見て政府は、紀元節は神武天皇即位日を祝う祝日であるという理解が広まらないのではないかと考えた。
- The government saw the reaction of the people and thought that it would be difficult to have people understand that Kigensetsu was a day to celebrate the accession of Emperor Jinmu.
- 明治維新以降、国民の間では民法の影響で一夫一妻制が浸透したので、皇族や貴族の中においても一夫一妻制が広まった。
- Since monogamy spread through the people of the country from the influence of civil law after the Meiji Restoration, it also spread through Imperial family and nobility.
- そもそも、民族性や国民性などを強引に個人へと当てはめる事は、行きすぎれば偏見に繋がりかねず、危険な行為である。
- In the first place, to apply a racial characteristic or a national characteristic to an individual high-handedly can bring out a prejudice if it goes too far, so it is a dangerous action.
- また流通の状況を概括すると、初めは国民が太政官札に不馴れであったのと、これを信用しなかったため流通は梗塞した。
- To summarize how the bills were circulated during this period, circulation was restricted at the beginning of the period due to the fact that the Japanese people were not familiar with, and did not have trust in Dajokan bills.
- 中村正直の「人民の性質を改造する説」(第30号)、西周の「国民気風論」(第32号)などにその特徴が濃厚である。
- This character was apparently shown in 'An idea to change people's character' (No.30) written by Masanao NAKAMURA and 'A theory on people's sprit' (No.32) by Amane NISHI.
- この結果、日清戦争と日露戦争の軍歴により国民的人気の高かった木越は、中将のまま定年前に予備役に編入させられた。
- As a result, Kigoshi who earned his high reputation through Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War from the public was transferred to reserve duty retaining the title of Chujo (lieutenant general) before his retirement.
- 終戦後、戦前〜戦中の国策とも言うべき武道励行に対する反動から、国民の武道に対する感情は非常に厳しいものとなる。
- After the war, due to a backlash against the rigorous enforcement of martial arts from before the war to during the war--which was something of a national policy--people's feelings toward the martial arts became very harsh.
- 2008年には韓国国会議員50名による対馬島返還要求決議案が韓国国会に提出され、韓国国民の50%が支持している。
- In 2008, 50 members of the South Korean National Diet submitted a resolution calling for a referendum over whether Tsushima should be returned to Korean sovereignty, and 50% of South Korean people supported the proposal.
- 国家において認められた家職とみなしうるものは、国民としての人権保障の枠外に置かれている天皇のみであるとも言える。
- The only position that could be considered as recognized by the nation is the Emperor, who is not guaranteed the same human rights as a citizen.
- 新年の一般参賀は正月に皇居において天皇はじめ皇族が7回、長和殿に「お出まし」として姿を現し、国民の参賀を受ける。
- On the day of People's Visit to the Palace for the New Year Greeting, the Emperor and Imperial Family members make 'special appearances' on the balcony of the Chowaden Hall of the Palace seven times to receive the public's New Year greetings.
- 国民代表として内閣総理大臣、最高裁判所長官、衆議院参議院両院議長の行政司法立法の三権の長、全閣僚などが参列した。
- The Japanese Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the head of three branches of government-legislature, administrative, and judicial branches, the Speakers of the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, all the Cabinet ministers attended the ceremony as the representatives of the nation.
- 自由民権運動の穏健派(改進党など)に近い立場をとり、『国民之友』では進歩的な言論や欧米での社会問題が紹介された。
- Minyu-sha took the position close to moderates faction of The Freedom of People's Rights Movement (such as Kaishin Party), and progressive comments and European and American social problems were introduced in 'Kokumin no Tomo'.
- 1894年に須藤時一郎・田口卯吉・尾崎三良らが、税制を整理して減税を行い、地方や国民負担の軽減を唱えて結成した。
- Tokiichiro SUDO, Ukichi TAGUCHI, and Saburo OZAKI formed this political group in 1894 with political assertions of restructuring the tax system for tax reduction to lessen the burden on the provinces and people.
- その後、国民協会_(日本)には参加せずに独自の会派を結成するも、後には鉄道国有政策で意見の一致する憲政党に入党。
- After that, he formed his own parliamentary group without joining the Kokumin Kyokai Party (of Japan), however afterwards, he joined the Kenseito Party which agreed with him on the railway nationalization policies.
- 長きにわたる戦争で戦費による増税に苦しんできた国民にとって、賠償金が取れなかった講和条約に対する不満が高まった。
- People who had been suffered from the tax increase to compensate the expenditure for the prolonged war increased their dissatisfaction with the peace treaty which didn't bring them any reparations.
- それに対し、これを防ぐのではなく「其蔓延を助け、国民をして早く其気風に浴せしむる」ことこそが重要であると唱える。
- For this, he says that it is important not to stop it but 'to help it spread faster so that our people may bathe in this force quicker.'
- 徳富蘇峰の大作「近世日本国民史」最終巻『明治時代』時事通信社、のち「明治三傑」講談社学術文庫、1981年がある。
- The three contributors of the Meiji Restoration are described in 'Meiji jidai (Meiji Period)', the last book (Vol. 100) of the 'Kinsei Nippon Kokumin shi (history of the Japanese People in Modern Times,)' one of the great works of Soho TOKUTOMI, originally published by Jiji Press and the part was published later in the title of 'Meiji Sanketsu' from Academic paperback library by Kodansha 1981.
- 現在は京都御所、京都大宮御所と仙洞御所を宮内庁が管理し、その周囲の国民公園である京都御苑を環境省が管理している。
- Today, the Kyoto Gosho, the Kyoto Omiya Gosho, and the Sento Gosho are maintained by the Imperial Household Agency, and Kyoto Gyoen, which is the national park around the imperial palaces, is maintained by the Ministry of Environment.
- 日本では端午の節句に男子の健やかな成長を祈願し各種の行事を行う風習があり、国民の祝日「こどもの日」になっている。
- In Japan, there is a custom of holding variety of events praying for the healthy growth of boys on the day of Tango no sekku, and May 5 is a national holiday, called 'Children's Day.'
- まとまりを欠いた「散砂」のような中国の人々を強く結合させるためには、国民精神・道徳が不可欠だと梁啓超は考えていた。
- Liang Qichao thought that national spirit and morality were indispensable to strongly unite the Chinese people, who seemed like scattered sand lacking cohesion.
- こうした梁の傾向は戊戌政変後に日本に亡命して以降顕著となるが、それは彼が当時求めていた国民国家創出と深く関係する。
- Liang Qichao more clearly showed this tendency when he lived in exile in Japan after the 1898 coup over the Hundred Days' Reforms; this tendency was closely tied with the creation of a nation-state that he sought at that time.
- 明治政府は宮中と政府の分離を図るとともに既に流動化しつつあった身分規制の撤廃を進めて国民に職業選択の自由を認めた。
- The Meiji government tried to separate the court and government and proceeded in taking away the class restrictions that were already starting to become fluid and allowed the public to have the right to select an occupation.
- 明治時代以後は文明開化・富国強兵をテーマにしたものも現れ、次第に国民教化の手段として用いられるようになっていった。
- After the Meiji period, the Sugoroku with such themes as bunmei kaika (civilization and enlightenment), and fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) appeared and it was used as means to tighten the people.
- 日本では、明治時代にイギリス経由で伝わり独自の進化をとげたカレーライスが国民食と呼ばれるほどの人気を獲得している。
- It was introduced to Japan via the United Kingdom during the Meiji period and the dish developed independently into curry and rice, which became so popular as to be called 'a national dish.'
- 政友会を通じて内閣総辞職の内幕が知れ渡ると国民の間ににわかに「閥族打破、憲政擁護」の気運が高まり護憲運動となった。
- Once the story from inside the cabinet of the resignation of all the cabinet members was leaked out and spread through Seiyu-kai Party, the sentiment to 'destroy the clique families, protect politics by the constitution' suddenly gained momentum among the citizenry, and the constitution protection movement started.
- また急進的な考えを持っていたので大衆とのギャップが出来てしまい、国民から揶揄され「明六の幽霊(有礼)」と呼ばれた。
- There was a gap between the general public and Arinori since he had a radical idea, and therefore he was criticized and called 'Meiroku no yurei (which is a pun for his name '有礼' that can also be pronounced 'yurei') (the ghost of the Meirokusha)'.
- これは、当時「日本一荒れた学校」と報道された「稚内南中学校」が全国民謡民舞大会で日本一になった実話をもとに作られた
- This movie is based on the true story of the 'Wakkanai Minami Junior High School' which was reported by the media as 'the most troubled school in Japan' at the time, and won first prize in the Zenkoku Minyo Minbu Taikai (National Convention of Folk Songs and Dance).
- 教部省(きょうぶしょう)は明治初期の太政官制度のもと、宗教統制による国民教化の目的で設置された中央官庁組織である。
- Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) is the central governmental organ founded for the purpose of national edification by controlling religion under Dajokan System (the system of Great Council of State) established in the early Meiji period.
- 1946年に黒澤明監督の映画「わが青春に悔なし」の挿入歌として使われたことで日本国民一般にも知られるようになった。
- In 1946, it was used in the Akira KUROSAWA's movie, 'Waga Seishun ni Kuinashi (No Regrets for My Youth)', so it came to be known nationwide by the general public.
- 憲法改正について前項の承認を経たときは、天皇は、国民の名で、この憲法と一体を成すものとして、直ちにこれを公布する。
- Amendments when so ratified shall immediately be promulgated by the Emperor in the name of the people, as an integral part of this Constitution.
- 日本国民又は日本国法人でなければ、鉱業権者となることができない。但し、条約に別段の定があるときは、この限りでない。
- Mining rights shall be held only by the people of Japan or juridical persons of Japan. However, this shall not apply unless otherwise provided for in the treaty concerned.
- 国は、食料、農業及び農村に関する情報の提供等を通じて、基本理念に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めなければならない。
- The national government shall endeavor to enhance the citizens' better understanding of the basic principles by providing relevant information on food, agriculture and rural areas.
- 全国民が少量ずつ毎日食べれば廃棄物にならないとも言われるが、現状では上記の理由などから多くが廃棄物となってしまう。
- It is said that if whole nation eats small amount of okara everyday, it will not become waste product, but most okara become waste product for the above reason now.
- 指定化学物質等の管理の方法及び使用の合理化並びに第一種指定化学物質の排出の状況に関する国民の理解の増進に関する事項
- Matters concerning promotion of the understanding of citizens about the methods of management of and the rational use of Designated Chemical Substances, etc. and the status of release of Class I Designated Chemical Substance
- そのために、天皇を中心として国民を一つにまとめる反面、議会に力を持たせ、バランスの取れた憲法を制定する必要があった。
- Therefore, the new constitution needed to make a power balance between the emperor and the diet by defining the emperor as the symbol to unite people and giving the powers to the diet.
- 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱の目的は、日本の国民の衣服を簡素化することと、繊維製品の使用の無駄を省き節約することだった。
- The object of the Outline was to simplify clothing and to avoid useless consumption and to save textile goods.
- 政教社の『日本及び日本人』は、徳富蘇峰の民友社が発行した『国民の友』と対抗し、言論界を二分化するほどの人気を博した。
- 'Nihon oyobi Nihonjin' of Seikyo-sha competed with 'Kokumin-no tomo (friend of the people)' published by Soho TOKUTOMI's Minyu-sha, and both won and shared popularity in the opinion world.
- 第二次憲政擁護運動は、国民からの運動ではなく政党からの運動であり、その規模も第一次と較べるとあまりに小規模であった。
- The second Kensei Yogo Undo was not a popular movement but was rather spearheaded by political parties and the scale of the campaign was far too modest compared to that of the first Kensei Yogo Undo.
- 省令には、法律の委任がなければ、罰則を設け、又は義務を課し、若しくは国民の権利を制限する規定を設けることができない。
- Without delegation by an Act, no penal provisions or any provisions that impose obligations on or restrict the rights of citizens may be established in a Ministerial Ordinance.
- 一方で、朝鮮半島ではワカメを日本以上に多食し、韓国国民一人あたりの年間ワカメ平均消費量は、日本の三倍と言われている。
- However, seaweed is more widely consumed in the Korean Peninsula than in Japan, and the mean annual seaweed consumption per capita in Korea is three times higher than that of Japan.
- だが、順慶の死後には豊臣秀吉が弟の豊臣秀長に大和一国を与えて、既存の支配体制を否定、衆徒・国民を強制的に解散させた。
- However, after Junkei's death Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI gave Yamato Province to his brother Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, thus defying the conventional ruling system, and broke up the shuto and Kokumin by compulsion.
- 昭和天皇の誕生日は、平成元年(1989年、昭和64年)に祝日法の改正で「みどりの日」とされ、国民の祝日として残された。
- The birthday of the Emperor Showa became the 'Greenery Day' at the revision of the Act on National Holidays in 1898, when the Heisei period started, and was left to remain as a national holiday.
- こうした梁啓超の国民国家精神に陽明学を注入するというアイデアそのものも、実は当時の明治思潮から借りてきたものであった。
- Liang Qichao's idea to infuse Yomeigaku into the spirit of the nation-state was in fact borrowed from the trend at that time in Meiji Japan.
- 国民は、憲法の内容が発表される前から憲法発布に沸き立ち、至る所に奉祝門やイルミネーションが飾られ、提灯行列も催された。
- People were excited about the new constitution even before contents of the constitution were announced, and celebration gates and illuminations were seen everywhere, and a lantern procession was held.
- 戦後は、国民の祝日に関する法律の施行により、国の祝祭日ではなくなり、宮中三殿と神宮(伊勢神宮)で儀式を執り行っている。
- After the war, due to the enforcement of Act on National Holidays, it is not a national holiday anymore, and the rite is performed only in the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court and Ise-jingu Shrine.
- しかし、天皇を最高機関とせず国民主権原理に基づく日本国憲法が成立するに至り、天皇機関説は解釈学説としての使命を終えた。
- However, with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan which doesn't set the emperor as the highest organ and is based on the principle of popular sovereignty, the Emperor Organ Theory ended its duty as an interpretation theory.
- 特定の政党の支持や商業主義に走ることを良しとせず、国民主義の立場から時には舌鋒鋭く政府を批判した反骨の精神で知られる。
- The Nippon neglected supports from particular political parties and commercialism and was known by the spirit of defiance of sharply criticizing the government from the standpoint of the public.
- さらに加藤ら護憲三派は、関西で憲政擁護大会を開いて演説を行なうなどして国民からの支持を呼びかけるなど、盛んに運動する。
- The members of the Goken Sanpa led by KATO and others organized a vigorous campaign to gather popular support by addressing to the public at rallies they held in the Kansai Region to call for a constitutional government.
- 国民は、海洋の恵沢を認識するとともに、国又は地方公共団体が実施する海洋に関する施策に協力するよう努めなければならない。
- Citizens, in recognition of the benefit of the oceans, shall endeavor to cooperate with the State and the Local Governments in implementing measures with regard to the oceans.
- この法律は、技術士等の資格を定め、その業務の適正を図り、もつて科学技術の向上と国民経済の発展に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to specify qualification of professional engineer etc., and to ensure the appropriateness of the business, so as to contribute to the improvement of science and technology and development of the national economy.
- 国民の祝日に関する法律(祝日法)第2条では、「建国記念の日」の趣旨を「建国をしのび、国を愛する心を養う」と規定している。
- The Article 2 of the law concerning national holidays (National Holiday Law) prescribes that the aim of 'National Foundation Day' is to 'reflect on the establishment of the nation and to nourish a love for the country.
- 天皇(てんのう)は、日本国憲法において、日本の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴と定められる地位、もしくはその地位にある個人。
- Emperor (Tenno) is a position, or an individual who is at the position, seen as the symbol of Japan that integrates the Japanese people under the Constitution of Japan.
- 明治22年(1889年)に正式に民友社に入ると、明治23年(1890年)2月1日の国民新聞創刊時より政治評論を担当した。
- In 1889, he formally joined Minyu-sha, and from February 1, 1890 when Kokumin Shinbun was first published, he took charge of the section of political criticism.
- 我が国の皇帝陛下と日本明治天皇に懇願し、我々も一等国民の待遇を享受して、政府と社会を発展させようではないか」と主張した。
- We should beg his Imperial Majesty and Meiji Emperor of Japan in order to be able to receive the treatment as Itto Kokumin (First-class people) to develop our government and society.
- 民撰議院設立建白書の内容は、イギリス人ジョン・レディー・ブラックによる新聞『日新真事誌』に掲載されて広く国民に知られた。
- The contents of the 'Minsen Giin Setsuritsu Kenpaku Sho' were widely spread to people after being published in the 'Nisshin Shinji Shi' newspaper by a Scotsman John Reddie Black.
- ひろく国民の間に命あるものである動物の愛護と適正な飼養についての関心と理解を深めるようにするため、動物愛護週間を設ける。
- A Be Kind to Animals Week shall be established in order to enhance the interest and understanding of citizens in general concerning the welfare and proper care of animals, which are living beings.
- すべて国民は、法律の定めるところにより、その保護する子女に普通教育を受けさせる義務を負ふ。義務教育は、これを無償とする。
- All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.
- 国民へのサービスは日本の国立図書館としての機能であり、納本制度に基づく国内出版物の網羅的収集や全国書誌の作成が行われる。
- The service to the general public is to function as a Japanese National Library; thus the NDL is engaged in acquiring comprehensive collections of materials published in Japan based on the Legal Deposit System, and to create a national bibliography.
- 内閣府政府広報室の世論調査により、君が代を国歌とすることについて大部分の国民に受け入れられていることが明らかとなっている。
- According to an opinion poll carried out by the Public Relations Department of the Cabinet Office, it became clear that a large segment of population has accepted Kimigayo as the national anthem.
- このときに当り、改めて、御父昭和天皇の六十余年にわたる御在位の間、いかなるときも、国民と苦楽を共にされた御心を心とします。
- At this moment, I am reminded of the will of my father Emperor Showa who always shared joys and sorrows with Japanese people during little more than 60 year of his reign.
- 平成11年(1999年)に即位10周年を迎え、政府主催で11月20日に天皇陛下御即位十年をお祝いする国民祭典が開催された。
- For celebrating the 10th anniversary of his enthronement, a national festival was held on November 20, 1999 under the auspices of the government.
- 僅かな根拠からアメリカ合衆国国民の鍛冶屋アルバート・トルマン (Albert Tolman) ではないかとも言われている。
- Some sources say it could be Albert Tolman, an American blacksmith.
- 国民服の乙号の帽子は、礼装する場合は、陸軍略帽型でもいいが他の帽子でもかまわないとされ、礼装しない場合は「適宜」とされた。
- For full dress with Otsugo type cap, the army forage cap may be worn, but other caps may be worn, and for other occasions it was specified as 'discretionary.'
- 明治政府が徴兵制度を導入したのは、義務教育と並び、国民の生活様式や言語を標準化させて富国強兵策を遂行する目的を担っていた。
- The conscription system that was introduced by the Meiji government involved an aim, along with the compulsory education, to standardizethe lifestyle and the language of the nation to make the country rich and strong.
- 日本がポツダム宣言を受諾することを昭和天皇が国民に伝えた翌々日の1945年8月17日、東久邇宮が内閣総理大臣に任命された。
- HIGASHIKUNINOMIYA was appointed Prime Minister on August 17, 1945, two days after Emperor Showa informed the people that Japan would accept the Potsdam Declaration.
- 1941年(昭和16年)に発布された国民学校令(昭和16年勅令第148号)にとって代わられるまで、50年以上効力を有した。
- It had been in effect for more than 50 years until Kokumin Gakko Rei (the order of elementary school, Imperial Edict No. 148 of the 16th year of Showa era) was issued to replace it in 1941.
- この表現が、日本国憲法前文の「日本国民は...この憲法を確定する」(民定憲法)の文言と矛盾することが一部学説で問題とされた。
- This emperor's statement became controversial, because some theories pointed out that it contradicted the phase 'the Japanese people... do firmly establish this Constitution' in the preamble of the Constitution of Japan (Constitution enacted by the people).
- 1939年11月14日から1939年12月10日まで、日本政府は男性用の国民服の様式の案を広く一般から懸賞をつけて募集した。
- From November 14 to December 10, 1939, the Japanese government collected designs from the public for male civilian clothing in competition for a prize.
- しかし、明治6年の新暦採用が『五節句(=雛祭り)』の祝日廃止となって、さらに「国民の祝日」より「皇室の祝日」色が濃くなった。
- With the adoption of the new calendar in 1873, the holidays of the 'go-sekku (i.e., Hina-matsuri)' were abolished, and accordingly, the holidays were further like 'holidays for the Imperial family' rather than 'holidays for the people.'
- 議会はもともと政友会が絶対多数であったので、議会が開始されると政友会・国民党は内閣不信任案を提出し桂内閣は窮地に立たされた。
- Seiyu-kai Party had the absolute majority in the House of Representatives to begin with, so when the Parliament convened, the Seiyu-kai Party and National Party submitted a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet, and this applied pressure to the Katsura Cabinet.
- 1941年3月、台湾教育令は再度改正が行われ、小學校、蕃人公学校と公学校を統合し国民学校(一部は蕃童教育所として統一された。
- In March 1941, the Act of Taiwanese Education was amended again, which amendment integrated Banjin Kogakko (public schools for Taiwanese aboriginal people) and Kogakko into Kokumin gakko and some schools were re-established as the ones for aboriginal children.
- 後に1920年代後半フーゴー・フォン・ホフマンスタールがミュンヘン大学の講演「国民の精神的空間としての著作」において述べた。
- Then, in the late 1920's, Hugo von Hofmannsthal used the word in his speech, 'Literature as the Nation's Spiritual Space' ('Das Schrifttum als geistiger Raum der Nation'), at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München).
- 「故に我輩は朝鮮の滅亡、其期遠からざるを察して、一応は政府のために之を弔し、顧みて其国民の為には之を賀せんと欲する者なり。」
- Therefore, thinking that the destruction of Korea is not far away, for the government I will show remorse, but for the people, I feel like celebrating.'
- 経済企画庁の発表する生活革新指数も、国民生活の「革新」の度合いを測るのに「穀物消費中のパン支出割合」が一つとして採用された。
- For the life innovation index pressed by the Economic Planning Agency, 'a ratio to buy bread in the consumption of grain' was adopted in order to see the degree of 'innovation' of people's life.
- いわば梁啓超らは明治日本において陽明学の再発見・再評価したのみならず、陽明学を柱とする国民精神創造運動も取り込んだといえよう。
- In other words, Liang Qichao not only rediscovered and reevaluated Yomeigaku but also introduced the movement to create a national spirit supported by Yomeigaku into China from Japan during the Meiji period.
- また仮名 (文字)論者としても知られ、明六社の機関誌明六雑誌に、ひらがなの普及が国民全体の知識や教養の向上に役立つと主張した。
- He is also known as a kana (the Japanese syllabary) advocate, and he expressed his opinion in an article on a magazine of Meirokusha (Japan's first academic society), regarding the necessity of spreading hiragana (the rounded Japanese phonetic syllabary) throughout the country to improve the knowledge and culture of entire citizens.
- 大正11年(1922年)1月10日に早稲田で死去、1月17日に自邸での告別式ののち、日比谷公園で未曾有の「国民葬」が催された。
- He died in January 10, 1922 in Waseda, with a funeral service held at his residence on January 17, and then an unprecedented 'National Funeral' held at Hibiya Park.
- そこで近衛は犬養・陸羯南・頭山満・中江兆民ら同志を糾合して同年9月に国民同盟会を結成し、日本政府に対する批判をますます強めた。
- Then KONOE brought INUKAI, Katunan KUGA, Mitsuru TOYAMA and Chomin NAKAE together, formed Kokumin-domeikai (People's Alliance) and stepped up his criticism of the Japanese government.
- 一方で国民党や親民党は李登輝の日本評価を売国的であると批判し、日本統治時代についても日本による搾取に過ぎなかったと位置付けた。
- On the other hand, the Kuomintang Party and the People First Party criticized Teng-hui LEE's evaluation of Japan as quislingism and positioned the period of Japanese rule as one being exploited by Japan.
- これ以降の時代は、国策である銅の増産に協力しない者は非国民であるという主張がされるようになり、鉱毒反対運動は一時下火になった。
- After that, people came to say that persons who did not cooperate with the copper production were betrayers of the country, because the increase production was demanded as a national policy, therefore the movement against the mining pollution temporarily subsided.
- その一部はシャム国王ラーマ5世から日本国民へ贈られ、それを納めるために創建されたのが覚王山日暹寺(現在の覚王山日泰寺)である。
- A portion of the sariras was given to the Japanese people by Rama V of Siam, and Kakuozan Nissen-ji Temple (now Kakuo-zan Nittai-ji Temple) was built to deposit it.
- 食品産業の事業者は、その事業活動を行うに当たっては、基本理念にのっとり、国民に対する食料の供給が図られるよう努めるものとする。
- Business operators in food industry shall endeavor in operating their business, pursuant to the basic principles, to secure the food supply to the citizens.
- また、かつて中国民衆が日本の総理大臣を「小泉小鬼」と呼ぶことがあったが、日本の総理を恐れるのではなく小馬鹿にする表現であった。
- Once, the Chinese public called Japanese Prime Minister 'Koizumi Ko-oni (Koizumi, Little Demon),' which doesn't mean they were afraid of him but that they were making fun of him.
- かつての日本的儒教=朱子学は武士や一部の農民・町民など限られた範囲の道徳であったが、近代天皇制のもとでは国民全体に強要された。
- The former Japanese Ju-kyo, or Neo-Confucianism was ethics for a limited target, such as samurai, certain farmers, and townsmen, but under the modern emperor system, it was imposed on all citizens.
- 大日本帝国憲法(明治憲法)では天皇を元首とし、また日本国憲法では天皇を日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴として位置付けている。
- The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Meiji Constitution) states the Emperor as the head of state and the Constitution of Japan placing the Emperor as the symbol of Japan and of the unified citizens of Japan.
- 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された(その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた)。
- With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).
- 1928年(昭和3年)のアムステルダムオリンピックの競泳で、初の金メダル獲得から水泳人気は高まり、水泳は国民的スポーツとなった。
- The popularity of swimming increased when a gold medal was won in swimming for the first time at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, and swimming became a national sport.
- しかし、逆に言えば、そのような意見が出てくるということは、それだけ旧宮家復活には国民の支持を得ることが困難だということでもある。
- Conversely, however, the fact that such an opinion is presented also means that it is difficult to obtain public support for restoration of Miyake.
- 日本では、大喪の礼の当日が国民の祝日となった(「昭和天皇の大喪の礼の行われる日を休日とする法律」(平成元年法律第4号)による)。
- In Japan, the day when the ceremony was held became a national holiday (according to the 'Act on the National People's Day for the Emperor Showa Funeral' [Act No. 4 of 1989]).
- 3年後の1941年(昭和16年)に制定された国民学校令は、ナチス率いる当時のドイツのフォルクスシューレを模倣した教育制度である。
- The Elementary Schools Edict that was enacted 3 years later in 1941, introduced an educational system that mimicked Nazi Germany's Folks Schule (Grand School).
- 2005年にロンドンのオークションでアメリカ合衆国国民が落札、栃木県那珂川町 (栃木県)馬頭広重美術館の学芸員が本物と鑑定した。
- In 2005, a citizen of the United States of America won it in an auction held in London, and a curator of Nakagawa-machi Bato Hiroshige Museum of Art in Tochigi Prefecture judged it as genuine.
- 副総理格の国務大臣(無任所)には国民的に人気が高かった近衛文麿、外務大臣 (日本)には重光葵、大蔵大臣には津島寿一が任命された。
- Nationally popular Fumimaro KONOE was appointed to Deputy Prime Minister-status as Minister of State (without portfolio), Mamoru SHIGEMITSU as Foreign Minister and Juichi TSUSHIMA as Finance Minister.
- 以後、民主カンプチア、ヘン・サムリン政権、カンボジア内戦等の激動の歴史を経て、国民議会総選挙により1993年に立憲君主制を採択。
- Since then, the country passed through tumultuous times, including Democratic Kampuchea, Heng Samrin Government, and civil wars in Cambodia, until 1993 when the country adopted a constitutional monarchy by a general election for National Assembly.
- 当初は朝鮮も華夷秩序の論理に拠って清朝と交渉していたが、次第に近代国際法における自国民保護を援用して交渉するようになっていった。
- At first, Korean side negotiated with the Qing dynasty based on the thought of Kaichitsujo; however, Korea started to negotiate referring to protecting one's own citizens of modern international law.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、広報活動等を通じて、土地についての基本理念に関する国民の理解を深めるよう適切な措置を講じなければならない。
- The State and local public entities shall take appropriate measures to deepen citizens' understanding of the Basic Principles on Land through public relations and other activities.
- この日には、朱雀門前の広場に親王、大臣(おおおみ)ほか首都(みやこ)にいる官僚が集って大祓詞を読み上げ、国民の罪や穢れを祓った。
- On this day, imperial princes, ministers, and other governmental officials in the capital (miyako) gathered at the square in front of the Suzaku-mon Gate and read Oharae no kotoba (Words of the Great Purification) to purify people's sins and stains.
- 日本ではペロ-童話の『おやゆびこぞう』が1896(明治29年)に『小説一寸法師』の題名としてそれぞれ雑誌『小国民』に紹介された。
- In Japan, The Fairy Tales of Charles PERRAULT 'Oyayubikozo' (Hop o' my Thumb) was used as the title of 'Issunboshi Novel,' and they were both introduced in the magazine, 'Shokokumin' in 1896.
- 戦後は連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ)の占領下に置かれ、象徴天皇制、国民主権、平和主義などに基づく日本国憲法を新たに制定した。
- After the war, Japan was placed under control of General Headquarters (GHQ), and enacted the Constitution of Japan based upon the national system with Emperor as a symbol of the unity of the people, on popular sovereignty and on pacifism.
- また、台湾国民政府によって、正史としての『清史』(実際は『清史稿』の改訂)が編纂されたが、中華人民共和国政府はこれを認めていない。
- Additionally, the Republic of China government in Taiwan has produced an official history entitled 'History of the Qing' (in fact it is a revised version of the PRC's 'Draft History of the Qing'), but the PRC government refuses to acknowledge this work.
- 7世紀後半に日本に導入された律令制は、中国のそれに倣って、国民を良民と賤民とに大別する良賤制を採用した(良賤の法、645年制定)。
- The Ritsuryo system, brought in Japan during the latter half of the seventh century, adopted the Ryosen system which largely divided the people into the Ryomin (lit. good people) and the Senmin (the lowly persons) after a model from China (the Law of Ryosen, enacted in 645).
- 国民教化をより具体的に行う為、教導職の全国統括機関である大教院、各府県単位の統括を行なう中教院が設置され、全国に小教院が置かれた。
- In order to edify citizens more specifically, Daikyoin (Great Teaching Institute) as the national organization to supervise kyodoshoku and Chukyoin (Intermediate Teaching Institute) as the prefectural organization to supervise kyodoshoku were established, and Shokyoin (Small Teaching Institute) were set up in many places all over the country.
- このような中で、桂は議会を解散して政友会と国民党などの勢力を削ぐために、政府干渉による総選挙を行なうことで変事に対応しようとした。
- Under the circumstances, KATSURA, with an attempt to undermine the capability of the Seiyukai Party and the Kokumin-to Party, tried to respond to the incident by dissolving the Diet and calling a general election with the government's interference.
- しかし近年、国民の大多数に受け入れられている現実から、日教組の態度も軟化し入学式や卒業式での国旗掲揚国歌斉唱の実施率は高まっている。
- In the recent years, however, judging from the fact that the majority of people accepted them, Nikkyoso softened its attitude and the rate of raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem on the occasion of entrance ceremony and commencement ceremony has increased.
- 虐殺の有無や、虐殺された人数については諸説あるが、実際に従軍し直接見聞した有賀長雄は清国民間人の巻き添えが有ったことを示唆している。
- Opinions are divided on whether it was a massacre or not and, if so, how many people were killed, but Nagao ARIGA who was there in service and saw or heard what happened suggested that civilians were involved in the battle.
- 「心を一にして」は日本国民の団結を表現する当時の決まり文句であり、江戸期の水戸学者の著作から後の教育勅語に至るまで広く使われている。
- 心を一にして (Shall be united) ' was cliche expressing the unity of Japanese people at the time and was used widely from literary works of Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) academics in the Edo period to the Imperial Rescript on Education.
- 国民の祝日に関する法律(祝日法)では「おとなになったことを自覚し、みずから生き抜こうとする青年を祝いはげます」ことを趣旨としている。
- The Act on National Holidays states that the purpose of the holiday is to celebrate and encourage young people who realize they have grown up and try to live life by themselves.
- また2004年には国民生活センターがスチロール製容器を使用するカップ麺に入れた場合、容器が溶ける事があるとして注意を呼びかけている。
- In 2004, the Japan Consumer Information center sent out an alert that the oil could cause a styrofoam bowl of a instant noodle to dissolve.
- この海戦における勝利は、当時帝政ロシアの圧力に苦しんでいたトルコにおいても自国の勝利のように喜ばれ、東郷は同国の国民的英雄となった。
- Even Turkey, which was suffering pressure from Imperial Russia at the time, celebrated this victory as if it was its own, and Togo became a national hero there.
- すべて国民は、法の下に平等であつて、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分又は門地により、政治的、経済的又は社会的関係において、差別されない。
- All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
- 国立国会図書館(こくりつこっかいとしょかん)は、日本の国会議員の調査研究、行政、ならびに日本国民のために奉仕を提供する図書館である。
- The National Diet Library (NDL) provides services for members of Japan's Diet in their research and study, as well as the executive agencies of the government and the general public in Japan.
- 国民の間での知名度もきわめて低く、皇位継承者としての正統性の確立が見込まれないことから、この意見は現実的な解決策とはみなされていない。
- Therefore, this has not been seen as a viable solution as Kobetsu Sekke is extremely little known amongst the public, and it is not regarded as legitimate that Kobetsu Sekke succeed to the Imperial Throne.
- 近代に入り、明治政府が徴兵令を制定し、国民皆兵が義務付けられ、徴兵検査を受けることが成人男子の証として社会的に認知されるようになった。
- In the modern age, since the Meiji government instituted a conscription ordinance and made a universal conscription compulsory; it became widely acknowledged in the society as proof of reaching manhood to undergo an examination for conscription.
- 当時、日本の日英同盟国であったイギリスのジャーナリストらは東郷を「東洋のホレーショ・ネルソン」と、同国の国民的英雄に比して称えている。
- In Britain, which was in alliance with Japan, journalists coined the name 'Nelson of the East' after national hero Vice Admiral Horatio Lord NELSON.
- アメリカ合衆国は石炭補給基地の確保や、日本沿岸で漂流した自国民やその財産の保護、日本との自由貿易などの理由で日本との通商を試みていた。
- The United States of America reached out Japan for the purpose of establishing free trade, securing a coal supply-base, and protecting American castaways and their property, and freely trading with Japan.
- 台湾では、1945年に国民政府が、一部の政府文書を除き坪に変えて平方メートルを使用すると宣言したが、民間では今でも広く使用されている。
- In case of Taiwan, the government of the Republic of China announced to switch from tsubo unit to the metric unit in 1945 for its official description of the area of a space except some governmental official documents, although the tsubo unit is still widely used in private today.
- 韓国国内では国民大演説会などが開かれ、一気に一進会糾弾と排日気勢が高まり、在韓日本人新聞記者団からも一進会は猛烈な批判を浴びせられた。
- In Korea, citizens' speech meetings were held, the denouncement of Isshin-kai and an anti-Japanese trend rapidly increased, and Japanese newspaper reporters in Korea violently criticized Isshin-kai.
- すべて職員は、国民全体の奉仕者として、公共の利益のために勤務し、且つ、職務の遂行に当つては、全力を挙げてこれに専念しなければならない。
- Every official, as a servant of all citizens, shall serve the public interest, and exert his/her utmost effort in the performance of his/her duties.
- 同時に、納本図書館として日本で唯一の国立図書館としての機能を兼ねており、行政・司法の各部門および日本国民に対するサービスも行っている。
- The NDL also possesses a function as the only national legal deposit library in Japan, and provides services to the executive and judicial agencies of the government as well as to the general public.
- 「国会図書館」という名称から明らかなように、国会へのサービスを第一義とするが、国民一般へのサービスも国立国会図書館の重要な要素である。
- Though the NDL's original mandate was to serve the Diet, as obvious by its name 'Diet Library,' services to the general public are also important functions of the NDL.
- さらに、重要文化財のうち世界文化の見地から価値の高いもので、たぐいない国民の宝たるものを国宝に指定することができる(第27条第2項)。
- Moreover, among the important cultural properties he can designate as national treasures those that are of high cultural value from the world's perspective (Article 27, Clause 2).
- 国民の叡智とたゆみない努力によって、我が国が一層の発展を遂げ、国際社会の友好と平和、人類の福祉と繁栄に寄与することを切に希望いたします。
- I eagerly hope that our country accomplishes further development and contributes to the friendship and peace of the international society and the welfare and prosperity of human beings by our people's wisdom and persistent efforts.
- 各種の世論調査では、象徴天皇制の現状維持を主張する意見が多数であり、現在のところ象徴天皇制は日本国民に支持されている制度であると言える。
- According to various opinion surveys, most people insist on the preservation of the current state of the Tennosei which has the Emperor as the symbol of the unity of the people and this is the system supported by Japanese nationals.
- 昭和22年(1947年)より、現在のように皇族のみならず国民から歌を募集し、在野の著名な歌人に委嘱して選歌の選考がなされるようになった。
- Since 1947, distinguished poets out of office have been commissioned to select not only Imperial Family's poems but also the public's ones.
- まとめてスナイドル銃に改造して、軍による造兵施設の独占と軍用銃の所持を厳しく規制する事で、国民の武装を封じて内乱の再発を防ごうと努めた。
- Then, the government managed to prohibit the possession of arms by the general public to prevent a civil war by converting all of the withdrawn guns into Snider rifles, making the arms factories monopolized by the national Army, and regulating the possession of military guns more strictly.
- 国民政府側から特使を南京に送って欲しいとの電報が届くと、近衛は杉山元陸相に確認を取り、宮崎龍介を特使として上海に派遣することを決定した。
- Upon receiving a telegraph from the Nationalist Government requesting a special envoy be sent to Nanjing, Konoe consulted with Minister of the Army Hajime SUGIYAMA and approved the dispatching of Ryusuke MIYASAKI to Shanghai.
- それにより、立憲改進党・国民協会・立憲革新党・中国進歩党・帝国財政革新会・大手倶楽部の6党派による新たな硬六派が形成されることになった。
- Thus, the new Ko Roppa was formed by six parties consisting of the Rikken Kaishinto, the Kokumin Kyokai, the Rikken Kakushinto (Constitutional Reform Party), the Chugoku Shinpoto (Western Region of Japan Progressive Party), the Conference of Reform of Imperial Financial Affairs, and the Ote Club.
- 外交はその国民の代表との長い信頼関係の構築の結果として醸成されてくるものであるから、国内での影響力と同じ尺度で評価する事は適切ではない。
- Since diplomacy is a result of constructing a long trusted relationships between representatives of citizens of the states, it is not appropriate to make an evaluation based upon his clout in Japan.
- このため、朝日新聞(9月1日付)に「講和会議は主客転倒」「桂太郎内閣に国民や軍隊は売られた」「小村許し難し」などと書かれるほどであった。
- So, Asahi Shinbun put some comments dated of September 1 such as 'the peace treaty was putting the cart before the horse', 'Taro KATSURA Cabinet sold Japanese people and army', 'Komura was unforgivable' and so on.
- 徴兵令(ちょうへいれい、太政官布告無号)(明治22年法律第1号)は、1873年(明治6年)に制定され、国民の兵役義務を定めた日本の法令。
- The Conscription Ordinance (Edict of Dajokan [Grand Council of state] Non-number) (1889 Law No.1) was enacted in 1873, which stipulated the obligation of Japanese citizens to military service.
- しかし明治時代が終わり、大正時代という新たな時代を迎えた国民は、このような藩閥による政治を批判し、憲法に基づく民主的な政治を望んでいた。
- As the Meiji Period came to a close and the new Taisho Period began, the Japanese people came to have a strong desire for a more democratic government based on the constitutionalism and became critical of the Han-batsu Seiji.
- 前項の目的で、外国に居住する児童で略取され、誘拐され、又は売買されたものをその居住国外に移送した日本国民は、二年以上の有期懲役に処する。
- Any Japanese national who transports a child residing in a foreign state, who has been kidnapped by enticement or force or sold, out of that state shall be sentenced to imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than two years.
- 日本銀行は、通貨及び金融の調節を行うに当たっては、物価の安定を図ることを通じて国民経済の健全な発展に資することをもって、その理念とする。
- Currency and monetary control by the Bank of Japan shall be aimed at achieving price stability, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- しかし清浦内閣はほぼ全ての閣僚が貴族院 (日本)議員から選出された超然主義であり、国民の間で再び憲政擁護を求める第二次護憲運動が起こった。
- The cabinet consisting of nearly all of the members of the House of Peers was clearly detached from the principles of constitutional rule and sparked the second Movement to Protect Constitutional Government among the people.
- 自動車の御料車は「菊の自動車」とも呼ばれ、国賓来訪の接遇・国会などの儀式・地方への訪問などで、皇室と国民との接点としても頻繁に使用される。
- Goryosha is also called 'Kiku no jidosha' (car of the chrysanthemum) and is often used for the reception of national guests, ceremonies of the Diet and visits to rural areas for contact between the Imperial family and citizens.
- だが、当時、国民は紙幣に不慣れで、また政府の信用が強固でなかったため、流通は困難で、紙幣100両をもって正金40両に交換するほどであった。
- However, since the Japanese people were not used to paper currency at the time and the new Meiji government had not yet gained public trust, the circulation of these bills was seriously restricted, and 100 ryo of Dajokan bills was often exchanged for 40 ryo of hard currency.
- この中で明治維新を内外の危機的状況で国民の活力が発揮された「乱世的革命」と位置づけて王政復古史観や佐幕・勤皇・藩閥論に対して強く批判した。
- In this book he fiercely criticized the theories valuing the restoration of imperial rule, as well as, the supporters of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the pro-imperial, and the domain clique, positioning the Meiji Restoration as 'the revolution in a revolutionary time,' and in this revolution the citizens themselves demonstrated their vitality, facing at the critical situations within and outside of the country.
- これは、当時の大韓帝国の巨額の債務や土地インフラに膨大な予算が必要になることから日本国民の理解を得ることは難しいとの政治判断からであった。
- It was a political decision from the judgement that it would be difficult to have Japanese people's understanding, because, at the time, the Korean Empire held an enormous debt and also needed a lot of budget for the land infrastructure.
- そうした内情を知らされていなかった国民の多くはロシアから多額の賠償金を取ることができると踏んでいたが、ロシア側は賠償金の支払いを拒否する。
- Most of people who hadn't been informed of the circumstances expected to be able to get a large amount of reparations from Russia, but the Russian side refused to pay the reparations.
- 国民皆泳が叫ばれ水泳が学校の教科として取り上げられたことで、幼児~小学生用の水着として全国に普及し、昭和30年代頃まで各地で散見されていた。
- Since swimming practice was widely encouraged as anuniversal movement throughout the nation and swimming lessons were included in the official curriculum of primary schools, this kuroneko fundoshi loincloth became popular across the country as swimming pants for children covering from infants to students of elementary schools and it could be found here and there in Japan until around 1955.
- 明治38年(1905年)ポーツマス条約に反対し、9月日比谷公園で講和条約反対を目的に開かれた国民大会の議長をして、日比谷焼打事件をおこした。
- In 1905, he opposed to Treaty of Portsmouth, and as a chairman at the National Assembly which was held in Hibiya Park in September to oppose the peace treaty, he implicated the Hibiya Incendiary Incident.
- 陸軍二個師団増設が議会を通過し、のちに中国人のナショナリズムをおおいに刺激することになる「対華21か条要求」が国民的承認をうけるのであった。
- The bill to increase two army divisions passed the Diet, and the '21 Demands' made by Japan to China, which would later stir up the Chinese nationalism, won the approval of the Japanese people.
- また、神仏習合によって興福寺と一体化していた春日社の神人に組み入れられて同様の役割を果たすこともあり、こうした春日社神人を「国民」と呼んだ。
- It also sometimes played the same role as above, incorporated into the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Kasuga-sha Shrine, which was integrated with Kofuku-ji Temple by the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, and such jinin of Kasuga-sha Shrine was called 'Kokumin.'
- 即位後朝見の儀での「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません」という発言が話題となる。
- The following remark made by the Emperor Akihito at the rite of audience after the enthronement became a topic; 'Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- しかし、遼東半島は露仏独の三国干渉により返還させられた(代償として3000万両を獲得)結果、国民に屈辱感を与え、報復心が煽られた(臥薪嘗胆)。
- Due to the Triple Intervention of Russia, France and Germany, however, Liaodong Peninsula was returned to China (in exchange for 30 million teal in compensation paid to Japan) that consequently was perceived as an insult and fueled retaliatory sentiment among Japanese people (as in a proverb it was struggling against difficulties for the sake of vengeance).
- そして「文明国」という「世界標準」に追いつくためには、民衆を「文明国」的「国民」へと改鋳すべきだという使命感を持ち活動した人々を啓蒙家という。
- Then, the people who worked with a sense of mission to change common people to 'the people' of 'civilized country' in order to catch up 'the standard of the world' as 'a civilized country' were called keimoka (illuminator).
- 士族への秩禄支給は大きな財政負担となっており、国民軍の創設などにおいても封建的特権意識が弊害となっていたため、士族身分の解体は政治課題であった。
- Because the supply of chitsuroku (hereditary stipend) to the warrior class was a serious financial burden, and a sense of feudalistic entitlement was detrimental to the establishment of the national army, the disorganization of the warrior class was a political issue.
- 実際にこの勢力の主流は後の進歩党 (明治)・憲政本党・立憲国民党・憲政会と続く「反自由党」・「反政友会」の第2党勢力の母胎となっていくのである。
- The main current of this force became a parent organization of 'Anti Liberal Party' and 'Anti Seiyu Party' which were second party force to continue to latter-day Shinpo-to Party (Progressive Party) (in Meiji), Kensei honto Party, Rikken Kokumin-to Party, Kenseikai political Party.
- 他にも当時はニコライの訪日が軍事視察であるという噂もあり、シベリア鉄道もロシアの極東進出政策を象徴するとして国民の反発があったことは確かである。
- At that time, it was rumored that an actual reason for Nicholas's visit to Japan was a military inspection, and also many Japanese people regarded the Trans-Siberian Railway as a symbol of Russian invasion of Far Eastern countries, and they had a sense of aversion against Russia.
- 食品の安全性の確保は、このために必要な措置が国民の健康の保護が最も重要であるという基本的認識の下に講じられることにより、行われなければならない。
- Food safety shall be ensured by taking the necessary measures based on the basic recognition that the protection of the health of our citizens is a top priority.
- FNS26時間テレビ 国民的なおもしろさ!史上最大!!真夏のクイズ祭り 26時間ぶっ通しスペシャル「FNS28局お国自慢ホンモノはどれだ?」出演
- She appeared on the FNS 26-hour program 'National Excitement! The biggest in history!! A special mid-summer quiz program festival for 26 hours straight! 'What are the real claims to fame of the twenty-eight local FNS stations' hometowns?'.
- 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱では、男性用の衣服を新しく制作するときは、色は自由とし、形は、国民服の乙号のタイプか、これに似たものに限定することとした。
- The Outline of Wartime Clothing Simplification stated that when the male clothing is produced, the color would be left to the discretion of the producer, but the shape should be limited to the Otsugo national uniform or close to it.
- だが、条約改正の本格化とともに漸進的改正論を唱える自由党との距離を置いて、対外硬派の立場から国民協会_(日本)や新興の大日本協会との関係を強める。
- With the treaty revision under way in earnest, however, the party distanced itself from the Liberal Party, which advocated the idea of gradual treaty revision, and because of its hard-line stance toward foreign nations, it strengthened the ties with the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]) and burgeoning Dai Nihon Kyokai (Society for Greater Japan).
- しかし、法治国家・立憲主義の原則を重んじて、その原則で保障された国民の権利は国家といえども正当な法的根拠がない限り奪うことが出来ないと考えていた。
- However, he valued the principals of a law-abiding country and constitutionalism, and he thought that even the nation could not deprive people of their rights guaranteed by the principals without a justifiable legal basis.
- その後、に公布され、翌に施行された日本国憲法では日本国憲法前文及び日本国憲法第1条で国民主権が定められ、天皇主権は排された(日本国憲法第98条)。
- Afterwards, promulgated in 1946 and taking effect the following year, the Constitution of Japan set forth the sovereignty of the people in the preamble as well as Article 1, in turn, abolishing the imperial sovereignty (Article 98 of the Constitution of Japan).
- 政府は、国民の言論と政治運動を弾圧するため、1875年(明治8年)の讒謗律、新聞紙条例、1880年(明治13年)の集会条例など、様々な法令を定めた。
- The government issued various acts to oppress the citizens' speech and political activities such as the Defamation Law, Press Regulations in 1875 and the Public Assembly Ordinance in 1880.
- 伊藤博文は先の和協詔勅において、政府の公約であった海軍行革の推進と野党の国民協会_(日本)の会頭(党首)・西郷従道の引抜きを図るために辞任を認めた。
- His resignation was accepted by Hirobumi ITO, who wanted to pursue Navy reforms, a policy pledge at the preceding Imperial decree, and tried to headhunt Tsugumichi SAIGO, kaito (party leader) of the opposite Nation Association.
- 江戸時代以降、南朝の忠臣として讃えられ、特に皇国史観の下での学校教育において忠臣・児島高徳は絶好の教材となり、その結果、国民的英雄のひとりとなった。
- In and after the Edo period, he was praised as a loyal subject of the Southern Court and especially in regard to education under the Kokuku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto), the loyal subject Takanori KOJIMA created great teaching material, which made him a national hero.
- 不平等条約(ふびょうどうじょうやく)とは、条約の性質に基づいてなされた分類の一種で、ある国家が他の国家に、自国民などに対する権力作用を認めない条約。
- An unequal treaty is a category that is formed on the basis of the nature of the treaty, under which one state does not approve the enforcement of authority by another state over nationals of the former state.
- (1984年 - 1989年) 食文化における国民の幸福の追求か、国家の税収の確保かを争点として、自家製酒どぶろくをめぐって最高裁まで争われた裁判。
- (1984 to 1989) A trial on home-made Doburoku which was headed for the Supreme Court disputed which was more important, the pursuit of happiness in people's food culture or the procurement of tax revenue of the nation.
- 法律も国民の行いによって変わるもので、単に学ぶ事を知らず無知であるのに強訴や一揆などを行ったり、自分に都合の良い事ばかりを言う事は恥知らずではないか。
- Laws and regulations are also changed by the activities of people; if the ignorant people who have no interest in learning resort to direct petitions or uprisings and always make it work to his advantage, I think this is shameless; and
- そこで1908年10月13日に出された戊申詔書のもとで地方とくに市町村財政の立て直しと財政基盤の整備、人員育成を進め、合わせて国民教化の推進を図った。
- The Boshin Shosho published on October 13, 1908 tried to restore the finances of rural regions, especially cities, towns and villages, reestablish fiscal basis, educate the people and at the same time, enlighten the public.
- 彼らは自分達こそが国民・民衆の代表であるとする意識から、「民党」という言葉を用い、反対勢力を政府官吏と癒着した勢力と看做して「吏党」と呼んで卑下した。
- They used the word 'minto' to call themselves with the consciousness that they were the real representatives of the people, and they regarded their opponents as the group having a cozy relationship with the government officials and despised the group by calling it 'rito' (literally, the parties of the government officials, it is the discriminatory term used by the members and supporters of minto).
- しかし内相 大浦兼武の汚職事件(大浦事件)が起こると、8月には自身が外務大臣を兼任するなどして内閣を改造するも、内閣は次第に国民の支持を失っていった。
- However, when the scandal of the Interior Minister, Kanetake OURA (the Oura Affair) arose, Okuma, who held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs in August, reshuffled the Cabinet, but the cabinet began to lose public support.
- 行政機関の長は、国民が基幹統計に関する情報を常に容易に入手することができるよう、当該情報の長期的かつ体系的な保存その他の適切な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The head of an administrative organ shall preserve information on fundamental statistics on a long-term and systematic basis and take other appropriate measures so that the citizens may always have easy access to such information.
- 国及び地方公共団体並びに事業者、国民及びこれらの者の組織する民間の団体は、エネルギーの需給に関し、相互に、その果たす役割を理解し、協力するものとする。
- The State, local public entities, as well as business operators, citizens and private organizations set up by business operators or citizens shall understand each other's respective roles concerning energy supply and demand and cooperate with each other.
- 第7編「国民の職分を論ず」において、主君のために自分の命を投げ出す忠君義士の討死と、主人の命令を守れなかったために首をくくった権助の死を同一視している。
- In the seventh volume 'Consideration of the jobs of people', he painted a very loyal hero who sacrificed himself to his lord, and an ordinary man who killed himself because he could not uphold the order from his lord, with the same brush.
- これは日本人として初めてのノーベル賞受賞であり、このニュースは敗戦・占領下で自信を失っていた日本国民に大きな力を与えたとされ、フィーバーを巻き起こした。
- He was the first Japanese to win the Novel Prize, so his feat excited the Japanese nation which had lost its confidence through its defeat in the Second World War and subsequent occupation.
- 結成2ヶ月後の6月22日に古荘らが西郷従道・品川弥二郎を盟主として国民協会_(日本)が結成すると、同協会への合流を巡って分裂状態に陥り離脱者が続出する。
- On June 22, when two months had passed since the formation of the committee, Furusho and other people formed Kokumin Kyokai (National Association) (Japan) with Tsugumichi SAIGO and Yajiro SHINAGAWA as the leaders, and this tore the committee apart in the dispute on whether their joining the association or not and caused steady stream of defections from the committee.
- しかし毎月30万円の遺族年金が支払われている日本人兵士に対し、日本国民を離脱した台湾人兵士にはそれ以上の支払いはなく、批判する声もある(高金素梅など)。
- While Japanese soldiers have received a 300,000 yen monthly pension, the Taiwanese soldiers who had renounced Japanese nationality received nothing except for choikin, of which fact some people including Sumei GAOJIN have been criticizing.
- 国民政府により台湾の資源を収奪した植民地時代として否定的な評価が行われるが、鉄道に関して確実に戦後の台湾経済の発展に大きな影響を与えた遺産となっている。
- The National Government made a negative evaluation on Japan's colonial rule as depriving Taiwanese of their resources, but the railways are undoubtedly the heritage that contributed greatly to post-war economic development in Taiwan.
- だが、1893年頃から国民協会_(日本)と結んで対外硬路線を唱えて、現実路線に転じた自由党と対決姿勢を示し、星亨衆議院議長不信任問題で全面衝突に至った。
- However, around 1893 onwards, the party started to take the hard-line policy to tackle with foreign affairs, along with Kokumin Kyokai (National Association), and this conflicted with the Liberal party, who had shifted its position to a realistic stance, to lead a full scale confrontation by both parties, over a non-confident vote to Toru HOSHI, the chairman of the House of Representative.
- 闇酒の横行は国民の健康を損ねるだけでなく、治安を悪化させ、政府にとっても税収の低減につながるため、合法的でなおかつ米を原料としない酒が真剣に研究された。
- Since widespread illegal liquors not only damaged people's health but also led to the deterioration of social order and the decrease of tax revenue for the government, the study of legal sake which was not made of rice was strongly promoted.
- 国は、教育活動、広報活動等を通じて、文化財の不法な輸入、輸出及び所有権移転の防止に関し、国民の理解を深め、かつ、その協力を得るよう努めなければならない。
- The Government of Japan shall endeavor, through educational, public awareness and other activities, to deepen public understanding of the prevention of the illicit import, export, and transfer of ownership of cultural property and also to obtain public cooperation in this regard.
- 明治となっても、三宅雪嶺が『王陽明』という伝記を著して陽明学を顕彰し、また陽明学に国民道徳の基礎を求める雑誌『陽明学』やその類似雑誌がいくつも創刊された。
- Even after the Restoration, Setsurei MIYAKE wrote a biography entitled 'Wang Yangming' to publicly honor Yomeigaku, and several magazines were launched, including 'Yomeigaku', which looked for the basis of national morality in Yomeigaku.
- 国宝(第27条第2項):重要文化財のうち、世界文化の見地から価値の高いもので、たぐいない国民の宝たるものを、文部科学大臣は「国宝」に指定することができる。
- National Treasure (Item 2, Article 27): The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may designate among important cultural properties, products with high values from the perspective of worldwide culture which are the treasure of the nation having no equal as 'national treasure.'
- 国民の祝日の成人の日が1月15日から1月の第2月曜日に変更されたことに伴い、地域によっては左義長を1月の第2日曜日または第2月曜日に実施するところもある。
- Corresponding with the transfer of the national holiday, Coming of Age Day moved from on January 15 to on the second Monday of January, some regions celebrate Sagicho on the second Sunday or the second Monday.
- 彼は攘夷の気分が蔓延していた当時に攘夷を否定し、また、「政治は国民の上で成り立っており、愚かな人の上には厳しい政府ができ、優れた人の上には良い政府ができる。
- Fukuzawa denied the idea of exclusion of foreigners when the idea was pervasive across the country, and maintained that: a government is established by its own people, a good government is chosen by good people and a bad government is chosen by unwise people;
- しかし、彼女らが将来一般国民の男子と結婚して子を産めば、その子は性別が男であれ女であれ、父方のみを辿って天皇に行き着かないため女系となる(下掲系図を参照)。
- However, if they marry commoners in future and have children, their children can not become Emperor candidates regardless of their sex, thus they will be determined as female-line (refer to Family tree below).
- 土壌汚染状況調査等の適正かつ円滑な実施を推進するため、土壌の特定有害物質による汚染が人の健康に及ぼす影響に関し、知識を普及し、及び国民の理解を増進すること。
- Spread knowledge and promoting public understanding of effects which the soil contamination by any Designated Hazardous Substance has on human health, in order to facilitate the appropriate and smooth implementation of the Soil Contamination Investigation, etc.
- 平成17年(2005年)頃からは、日本国内を中心として両親の公務、接見に同行・同座することが多くなり、最年長の内親王として国民の前に姿を現す機会も増えている。
- Starting around 2005, there have been increasing chances of her appearing in public as Imperial Princess by accompanying her parents' doing public services, most of which are centered in Japan.
- 日本国憲法体制下の皇室典範は「法律」として制定され、他の法律と同様に、制定および改正は国会が行い、皇室の制度そのものに国民が国会を通じて関与することとなった。
- The Imperial House Act under the system of Constitution of Japan was enacted as a 'law' and is, like other laws, enacted and amended by the Parliament, thus the public being involved in the institution of the Imperial family itself through the Parliament.
- 大日本協会は超党派の団体であり、佐々のように国民協会_(日本)に所属したまま、大日本協会に属している代議士や大日本協会専属の議員など、所属形態は多様であった。
- The Dai Nihon Kyokai was a nonpartisan organization consisting of members from different political parties, including representatives such as Sassa, who also belonged to the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association), and some councilors belonging exclusively to the Dai Nihon Kyokai.
- 職員は、法律により与えられた権限の行使に当たっては、当該権限の行使の対象となる者からの贈与等を受けること等の国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為をしてはならない。
- In exercising the authority granted by laws, officials shall not conduct any acts that may bring about suspicion or distrust from the citizens such as receiving any gifts, etc. from any person upon whom the officials exercise their authority.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、教育活動、広報活動その他の活動を通じて土壌の特定有害物質による汚染が人の健康に及ぼす影響に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めるものとする。
- The State and local governments shall endeavor, through educational, publicity, and any other activities, to increase citizen's understanding of the harmful effects on human health caused by the soil contamination by Designated Hazardous Substances.
- また明治政府は、欧化政策の一環として国民に西洋の酒類をより多く消費させようとして、当初ビールやワインに対しては、日本酒に対するような重い課税を行なわなかった。
- In addition, at first the Meiji government did not impose heavy taxes on beer and wine like the tax on sake because it aimed to make people consume more Western liquors as part of a policy of Europeanization.
- 信用協同組合、次条第一項第一号の事業を行う協同組合連合会、国民生活金融公庫その他内閣総理大臣の定める者の業務の代理又は媒介(内閣総理大臣の定めるものに限る。)
- Acting as an agent or intermediary in carrying out the operations of a credit cooperative, a federation of cooperatives engaged in the activities set forth in paragraph (1), item (i) of the following Article, the National Life Finance Corporation, or any other person specified by the Prime Minister (limited to such activities specified by the Prime Minister)
- 世界貿易機関の加盟国の国民(当該加盟国の法令に基づいて設立された法人及び当該加盟国に主たる事務所を有する法人を含む。以下同じ。)をレコード製作者とするレコード
- phonograms the producers of which are nationals of any of the member states of the World Trade Organization ("nationals" includes juridical persons established under the laws and regulations of such member state and those who have their principal offices in such member state; the same shall apply hereinafter.);
- 今まで現人神とされ、写真も「御真影」等と呼ばれていた天皇が、しかも肩の力を抜いた姿の元帥の隣に直立不動の姿勢で、普通に新聞に写っていることは国民の衝撃を呼んだ。
- The photograph of the Emperor, who was considered as Arahitogami and his photographs were called 'Goshin-ei' (honorific name for the photograph of the Emperor) and so on, standing straight without moving next to the relaxed General, placed commonly in newspapers shocked the common people.
- 自分は愚かな者でありますが、かたじけなくも先代の志をつぎ、統率する国民を駈りひきい、天下の中心である中国に帰一し、道を百済にとって朝貢すべく船をととのえました。
- I am an incompetent man, but graciously succeeding the will of the last king, lead the commanded people of the country, and prepared ships to tribute by going through Baekje to be united with China, the center of the world.
- 戦時中の隣組制度を宣伝啓発する歌詞であり、また国民への宣伝啓発のため明るく元気のある曲調に仕上がっていることから、「ドリフ大爆笑」のテーマ、にも用いられている。
- The lyrics were prepared to propagate the tonarigumi system during wartime, and the music has cheerful and lively tones to propagate it to the citizens, so the song was also used as theme music of 'Dorifu Daibakusho' (a popular TV program).
- 訴えの提起その他の裁判手続の開始の申立てがあった時において、当該個人が当該外国等の国民である場合。ただし、当該個人が日本国に通常居住するときは、この限りでない。
- Cases where the individual is a citizen of said Foreign State, etc. at the time of the filing of the action or any other petition for commencement of Judicial Proceedings; provided however, that this shall not apply where said individual has the permanent residence in Japan;
- また、調査局は国立国会図書館の国民向けサービスのための資料収集・整理とは独立して資料の収集・整理も行っており、最新の情報を収集して立法業務の補佐に役立てている。
- Also, separately from the collection and classifications of materials by the NDL for services for the general public, the Research Bureau gathers and classifies materials so that the latest information can be used to assist the legislative activities.
- また、国民の祝日に関する法律を立法するに先立って行われた、「希望する祝日」の政府の世論調査では、「新年」に次いで「天皇陛下のお生まれになった日」が第2位であった。
- Also, at the opinion survey conducted by the government regarding 'preferable holidays' prior to legislate the Act on National Holidays, 'the birthday of his Imperial Majesty' ranked second following 'New Year.'
- 日本の学者等によって、韓国のこのような教育が「文化先進国の朝鮮」と「文化劣等国の日本」という意識を韓国民に植え付け韓国起源説の根拠となっているとも指摘されている。
- It is pointed out by Scholars in Japan that such education in Korea has implanted in Korean minds the images of 'Korea, a culturally advanced nation' and 'Japan, a culturally inferior nation' and has formed the foundation of the theory that all of the culture in Japan originated in Korea.
- 晶子は『中央公論』大正8年(1919年)5月号に「教育の国民化を望む」(単行本『激動の中を行く』にした時『教育の民主主義化を要求す』と改題)という文を書いている。
- Akiko contributed an article to the May issue of the Chuo koron in May 1919 entitled 'Expecting national education' (the title was altered to 'Demanding for the democratization of education' when it was included in a book 'Gekido no naka o yuku' (Going through Turbulent Times)).
- 大正12年(1923年)、東京市長時代に国民外交の旗手として後藤アドリフ・ヨッフェ会談を伊豆の熱海で行い、成立せんとするソビエト連邦との国交正常化の契機を作った。
- In 1923, when he was the Tokyo City Mayer, as the standard-bearer of people's diplomacy, he held a meeting with Adolph JOFFE in Atami of Izu to initiate eagerly-hoped normalization of the diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
- 法務大臣は、外国の国籍を有する日本国民で前条第一項に定める期限内に日本の国籍の選択をしないものに対して、書面により、国籍の選択をすべきことを催告することができる。
- The Minister of Justice may provide written notice that nationality must be selected to any Japanese citizen having a foreign nationality who has not selected Japanese nationality within the assigned time as provided for in the preceding Article, paragraph (1).
- 酒類の消費の大勢を占めるどぶろくを禁止すれば、国民の需要は酒税のかかる清酒へと向き、それがそっくり歳入にはねかえってくるだろう、というのが明治政府の予測であった。
- The Meiji government expected that if Doburoku, which was accounts for most of the liquor consumption, was prohibited, people would drink more seishu which was taxed and the revenue from liquor taxes would increase.
- 五 地域における人々の生活又は生業及び当該地域の風土により形成された景観地で我が国民の生活又は生業の理解のため欠くことのできないもの(以下「文化的景観」という。)
- 5. The indispensables in order for our nationals to appreciate the life and livelihood of a local region (such as the scenes formed by the customs of the region that reflects the locals’ lives and livelihoods) (such indispensables being hereinafter referred to as cultural landscapes')
- 国及び地方公共団体は、教育活動、広報活動等を通じて指定化学物質等の性状及び管理並びに第一種指定化学物質の排出の状況に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めるものとする。
- The State and local public entities shall endeavor to increase the understanding of citizens about the properties and management of Designated Chemical Substances, etc. and the status of release of Class I Designated Chemical Substances through activities such as educational activities and public relations activities.
- 実演家等保護条約の締約国の国民(当該締約国の法令に基づいて設立された法人及び当該締約国に主たる事務所を有する法人を含む。以下同じ。)をレコード製作者とするレコード
- phonograms the producers of which are nationals of any of the contracting parties to the Convention for the Protection of Performers, etc. ("nationals" includes juridical persons established under the laws and regulations of such contracting party and those who have their principal offices in such contracting party; the same shall apply hereinafter);
- 自衛隊員は、法律により与えられた権限の行使に当たっては、当該権限の行使の対象となる者からの贈与等を受けること等の国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為をしてはならない。
- In exercising the authority granted by laws, self-defense forces personnel shall not conduct any acts that may bring about suspicion or distrust from the citizens such as receiving any gifts, etc. from any person upon whom the self-defense forces personnel exercise their authority.
- (脚気ビタミン欠乏説が確定していた昭和期も、1938年まで毎年、国民の脚気死亡者数が1万人から2万人の間で推移しており、脚気が完全に根絶されたのは1952年以降)。
- (Even in the Showa Period when it was concluded that vitamin deficiency caused beriberi, until 1938, 10,000 to 20,000 citizens succumbed to beriberi on an annual basis, and it was not until after 1952 that beriberi was exterminated.)
- ただし、宮内庁ホームページのように「一般国民へのわかりやすさ」を重視する場面、あるいは植樹や供花などでは「皇太子妃」が、歌会始では「東宮妃」などの表記も用いられる。
- However, 'crown princess' is used on the website of the Imperial Household Agency which emphasizes the 'intelligibility to the general public' and in tree-planting ceremonies and floral tributes, and 'Princess Togu' is also used in New Year Imperial Poetry Reading.
- そのため、世論の非難(日本内部)が高まり、暴徒と化した民衆によって内務大臣 (日本)官邸、御用新聞と目されていた国民新聞社、交番などが焼き討ちされる事件が起こった。
- Because of this, the criticism increased in the public opinion (inside of Japan), and the people who turned into a mob burned out the official residence of Minister of Home Affairs, Kokumin Shinbunsya which was regarded as a pro-government newspaper company, police stations and so on.
- 内容は案によって様々で、抵抗権や革命権(東洋大日本国国憲按)を容認したもの、人民主権、議院内閣制を主張するもの、国民投票で皇帝を廃立する権利を規定したものもあった。
- The contents differed among drafts; some allowed the right of resistance and the right of revolution (Toyo Dai Nippon-koku Kokken-an [Draft of the National Constitution for Great Japan of the East]), some insisted that sovereignty should reside with the people or on a parliamentary system, and some included the right to dismiss an emperor from the throne by national referendum.
- 国家神道の時代には神道は宗教的地位が曖昧にされ(政府は「神道は宗教ではない」(神社非宗教論)として天皇と一体化し国民に敬神の義務を強いた)絶対のものとして扱われた。
- In the era of State Shinto, the religious position of the Shinto religion was made indistinct (the Government united the Shinto religion with the Emperor and obligated the people to respect the god under the theory that 'the Shinto religion was not a religion' (Jinjahishukyoron (theory that the Shinto religion was not a religion), and the Shinto religion was treated as an absolute thing.
- 政府は、国民の日常生活に係る商取引に関する事情その他の経済的社会的環境の変化に応じ、特定商取引法の規定に検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The government shall review the provisions of the Specified Commercial Transaction Act according to the changes in the situation of commercial transactions pertaining to daily lives of citizens and other economic and social conditions, and take necessary measures based on the results of the review.
- 実演・レコード条約の締約国の国民(当該締約国の法令に基づいて設立された法人及び当該締約国に主たる事務所を有する法人を含む。以下同じ。)をレコード製作者とするレコード
- phonograms the producers of which are nationals of any of the contracting parties to the WPPT ("nationals" includes juridical persons established under the laws and regulations of such contracting party and those who have their principal offices in such contracting party; the same shall apply hereinafter);
- 国民には、江戸時代の自由の制限をなくし、身分の撤廃を行い四民平等とし、日本全国の行き来の自由を認め、職業の選択の自由や、散髪帯刀の自由など様々なことを改革していった。
- With regard to the citizens, the government lifted various restrictions on freedoms that existed during the Edo period whereby the social standing system was abolished and replaced by one that made all people equal, as well as various other reforms such as freedom to travel across the country, freedom to choose occupations, freedom to have closely cut hair and freedom to carry a sword in belt.
- こうすることで、女性皇族が男子を産み、その子が天皇になったとしても、男系男子による皇位継承を維持できるし、旧宮家復活も国民の抵抗なく円滑に進むと考えられるからである。
- This is because, by doing so, succession of the throne by a male on the male side can be maintained, even when the female member of the Imperial family gave birth to a son and he became the Emperor, and restoration of former Miyake (house of an imperial prince) is thought to proceed smoothly without opposition of the public.
- 私学校設立と国民の重い負担に鑑みて就学に関する規定を緩和したが反対意見が噴出し、翌1880年(明治13年)12月と1885年(明治18年)8月の2度の改正がなされた。
- The regulations about school attendance were loosened in consideration of foundation of private schools and people's heavy burden, but they were revised twice in December 1880 and in August 1885 because of outpouring of opposing opinions.
- 同会専属の衆議院議員も存在したものの、協力関係にあった東洋自由党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)・同盟倶楽部などと掛け持ちであった議員が多かった。
- While some of the members were council members of the party, it included among it's members of the Dai Nihon Kyokai were lawmakers of the House of the Representatives, many of whom also belonged to other political parties that maintained cooperative relations with Dai Nihon Kyokai, including the Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association [Japan]), The Policy Affairs Research Council (a political party in the Meiji period), and the Domei Club (League Club).
- 帝国議会設置以来、衆議院では、自由党_(明治)・立憲改進党に代表される自由民権運動を継承する民党とこれに反対する国民協会に代表される温和派(吏党)が対立を続けてきた。
- There were conflicts between the 'Minto' (People's Party) representing the Jiyuto (Liberal Party) in Meiji period and the Rikken Kaishinto supporting the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and the 'Rito' (Bureaucrats' Party) representing the Kokumin Kyokai after the constitution of the Imperial Diet opposed it.
- その為、居住国国民であり、居住国に忠誠を誓っている事を示す目的で、一世や二世である親がわざと日本語を教えなかったり、日本文化を継承させない環境で育った世代が存在する。
- Some generations were not made by their parents to inherit Japanese culture because their parents, who were first or second generations, chose not to teach their children Japanese in order to show allegiance to their country of residence.
- しかし、実際の取扱いとしては、その後もそのような区別が厳密にされていたとは言い難く、一般国民を拘束する内容を持つものであっても太政官達の形式により定めたものもあった。
- Yet the rule was apparently not strictly applied, as in practice the Dajokan Tasshi form was still used to promulgate binding regulations intended for the public.
- この法律は、国民の行政に関する苦情の解決の促進に資するため、苦情の相談に関する業務の委嘱について必要な事項を定め、もつて行政の民主的な運営に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to provide necessary matters with respect to the commission of counseling service on people's complaints against public administration in order to facilitate their settlement and thereby to contribute to democratic administration of public affairs.
- 総務大臣は、前項の規定により基本計画の案を作成しようとするときは、あらかじめ、総務省令で定めるところにより、国民の意見を反映させるために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications shall, when intending to prepare a draft Basic Plan pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, take necessary measures in advance to reflect the opinions of the citizens pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
- 日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する。
- Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
- 食料の供給は、農業の生産性の向上を促進しつつ、農業と食品産業の健全な発展を総合的に図ることを通じ、高度化し、かつ、多様化する国民の需要に即して行われなければならない。
- Food supply shall be managed through improvement of agricultural productivity and comprehensive promotion of sound development of agriculture and food industry in response to the more sophisticated and diversified public needs.
- 伊藤博文は、ヨーロッパでは議会制度も含む政治体制を支える国民統合の基礎に宗教(キリスト教)があることを知り、宗教に替わりうる「機軸」(精神的支柱)として皇室に期待した。
- Hirobumi ITO realized that, in Europe, there was a religion (Christianity) at the base of the unified nation supporting the political system including the parliamentary system, so he expected the Imperial Family to become the 'axis' (mental support) to replace religion.
- 日本共産党は2004年に綱領を改正し、元首化・統治者化を認めないという条件の下、天皇制の是非については主権在民の思想に基づき国民が判断すべきである、という趣旨に改めた。
- The Japanese Communist Party amended their policy and although they do not accept any head of state or ruler, about the Tennosei, they decided to leave it to the people because the sovereignty rests with the people.
- 士族を中心にした西郷軍に、徴兵を主体とした政府軍が勝利したことで、士族出身の兵士も農民出身の兵士も戦闘力に違いはないことが実証され、徴兵制による国民皆兵体制が定着した。
- The fact that the government army, mostly composed of conscripted soldiers, won the war against Saigo's army, mainly consisted of persons in the warrior class, verified that the fighting ability of soldiers from the warrior class and that of those from farmers were not different; accordingly, a system of general conscription was established.
- 形態、製作技法等において日本国民の生活文化の特色を示すもので典型的なもの、系統的・網羅的に収集されたコレクションであって地域的特色、技術的特色等を示すものが挙げられる。
- They may be a typical object that shows characteristics of Japanese life and culture in a shape, a fabrication technique, etc., or a systematical and comprehensive collection that has distinctive features regionally or technically.
- 加藤は議院そのものには反対しないものの、国民のレヴェルがまだ議院を必要とするほど発展していないと断じ、啓蒙を通じて文明化を図り、その上で議院制度を導入しようと主張した。
- Kato did not oppose to the establishment of parliament itself, but insisted that people did not reach the level which needed a parliament and that a system of parliament should be introduced after civilization through enlightenment was realized.
- 彼は「健全なる国民の発育」の観点から工場法の制定の必要を認めており、1896年の農商工高等会議ではこれに反対する渋沢栄一(のち賛成に転じた)らを前に自説を強く主張した。
- He acknowledged a need for the enactments of factory acts from the perspective of 'the development of healthy citizens', and he strongly insisted on his opinion in front of those who were against the acts including Eichi SHIBUSAWA (who later changed his position to the consenting party) in a meeting of the Superior Council of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce held in 1896.
- 19日の歌舞伎座での憲政擁護第1回大会では、政友会、国民党の代議士や新聞記者のほか実業家や学生も参加し、約3,000の聴衆を集めて「閥族打破、憲政擁護」を決議している。
- In the first rally of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism held at Kabuki-za Theater on December 19, many people took part, such as the Diet members of the Seiyukai and the Rikken Kokuminto (Constitutional National Party, hereinafter referred to the Kokuminto), journalists, businessmen, students and about 3,000 audiences, and they adopted a resolution that 'cliques should be overthrown and that constitutionalism should be defended.'
- ただし国民思潮全般が維新による革新的思想であふれていた時代であり、また盲人以外にも広く箏曲が解放され多数の人間が箏曲界へ参入したこともあって、多くの曲がこの頃作られた。
- However, many pieces were composed around that time thanks to the situation where the society was filled with revolutionary philosophy in the wake of the Meiji Restoration and many people other than the blind entered the world of Soh music.
- 何ぞ文部省側の主張の如く一時の変態として之を看過するを得んや」「日本帝国に於て真に人格の判定を為すの標準は知識徳行の優劣より先づ国民的情操、即ち大義名分の明否如何に在り。
- How can we allow this to be overlooked as suggested by the Education Ministry, because it was just a temporary anomaly?'; 'In Imperial Japan, the true way of determining character is not by knowledge or good deeds but by national emotions, in other words, the cause.
- 結果として発表時の4割程度の支出に留まり、米価格の下落には至らず、1918年末には米騒動当時の価格まで上昇したが、国民の実質収入増加によって騒動が再発することはなかった。
- As only about 40 percent of the announced budget were eventually spent, the rice price did not drop but rose to the price during the rice riots in the end of 1918, but riots never occurred any more since people's actual income had increased.
- これに対して政友会をはじめとする政党や一般国民、幸三派のうち入閣を拒否した同成会は勿論のこと、閣僚を出していた茶話会・公正会までが清浦内閣と研究会の糾弾を始めたのである。
- In response, political parties such as Seiyu-kai, ordinary people and Doseikai (one of saiwai-sanpa) which refused to send its member to the cabinet, and even Sawakai and Koseikai which sent their members to the cabinet started to condemn KIYOURA Cabinet and Kenkyukai.
- 安全で安心して暮らせる社会を実現することは、国民すべての願いであるとともに、国の重要な責務であり、我が国においては、犯罪等を抑止するためのたゆみない努力が重ねられてきた。
- Realizing a society where citizens can live safely in peace is a wish for all the citizens and an important responsibility of the State. Persistent efforts to prevent Crimes have been continuously made in Japan.
- さらに、国民は愛国心を持つべきであるから『君が代』を歌うことでその意識を高めなければならないとする主張や、天皇への忠誠心を涵養する目的をはっきり表明する尊王的な意見もある。
- In addition, there is an assertion that, since people must have patriotism, they must enhance awareness by singing 'Kimigayo,' and there is also a loyalist-like opinion that expresses clearly the objective to cultivate loyalty to the emperor.
- 当時の太政官日誌は都市の書店で一般に発売されていたが、各農村にまで配布されておらず、一般国民に対しては、キリスト教の禁止など幕府の旧来の政策を踏襲する五榜の掲示が出された。
- At that time Daijokan nittshi was available at urban book stores, but not distributed in the rural areas yet and to the general public Gobo no keiji (five edict boards) taking over traditional policies of bakufu such as a ban of Christianity was posted.
- 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの
- Manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, annual observances, etc., folk performing arts and folk techniques, and clothes, implements, houses and other objects used therefor, which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.
- この条件は、国民が考えていた条件とは大きくかけ離れるものであった(日本側は賠償金50億円、遼東半島の権利と旅順-ハルピン間の鉄道権利の譲渡、樺太全土の譲渡などを望んでいた。
- These conditions were far from what Japanese people were expecting, which are reparations of 5 billion yen, the transfer of the right for Liaodong Peninsula as well as the right of the railroad between Lushun and Harupin, the transfer of the entire land of Sakhalin and so on.
- 国防の本義は国防の目的として自主独立の保障、国利国権の擁護、国家の発展、国民の福祉増進という原則的な記述にとどまり、国家戦略の部分については従来のような具体的な記述はない。
- The primordial doctrine was described only the guarantee of independence, the protection of national interests and sovereign right, the national development, and the promotion of people's welfare as the national goal in principle, and there was no specific definition for the national strategy as before.
- 日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日及び十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日には、死刑を執行しない。
- The death penalty shall not be executed on Sunday, Saturday, holidays prescribed in the Act on National Holiday (Act No.178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd, and from December 29th to December 31st inclusive.
- 受入移送 条約に基づき、締約国において外国刑の確定裁判を受けその執行として拘禁されている日本国民等の引渡しを当該締約国から受けて、当該確定裁判の執行の共助をすることをいう。
- 'Incoming transfer' means the provision of assistance in the enforcement of a final and binding decision upon the surrender by a member state to Japan of a Japanese national, etc. who is being detained pursuant to a final and binding decision imposing foreign punishment rendered by the member state, based on Treaties.
- "Incoming transfer" means the provision of assistance in the enforcement of a final and binding decision upon the surrender by a member state to Japan of a Japanese national, etc. who is being detained pursuant to a final and binding decision imposing foreign punishment rendered by the member state, based on Treaties.
- 国民は、犯罪被害者等の名誉又は生活の平穏を害することのないよう十分配慮するとともに、国及び地方公共団体が実施する犯罪被害者等のための施策に協力するよう努めなければならない。
- Citizens shall give sufficient consideration not to harm Crime Victims' honor or peace in life, and cooperate with the measures for Crime Victims conducted by the State and Local governments.
- 前二項に定めるもののほか、国民は、基本原則にのっとり、循環型社会の形成に自ら努めるとともに、国又は地方公共団体が実施する循環型社会の形成に関する施策に協力する責務を有する。
- In addition to the provisions in the foregoing two paragraphs, citizens are, pursuant to the Basic Principles, responsible for making their own efforts towards the formation of a Sound Material-Cycle Society and for cooperating in the policies and measures implemented by the State or local governments for establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society.
- 同年8月29日、国民政府主席の蒋介石は陳儀を台湾省行政長官に任命、9月1日には重慶市にて台湾行政長官公署及び台湾警備総部が設置され、陳儀は台湾警備司令を兼任することとなった。
- On August 29 of the same year, Kai Shek CHIANG, the head of the nationalist government, appointed Yi CHEN as governor of Taiwan province, and with the establishment of Taiwan Security Bureau on September 1, Chen served concurrently as Commander of Taiwan Security.
- 神祇官内に設置された宣教使の神道と儒教を基本とした国民教導が失敗したことを受け、当時最大の宗教勢力であった仏教、特に浄土真宗の要請によって神・儒・仏の合同布教体制が敷かれた。
- After the failure of Shintoism instructed by the Shinto Missionary division set up inside of the department of Jingikan (officers of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) and the edification based on the ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism, the largest religious group of the days, and particularly its Jodo Shinshu Sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) requested the government to jointly propagate three religions in Japan, including Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
- 国は、第二条第四項に規定する場合において、国民が最低限度必要とする食料の供給を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、食料の増産、流通の制限その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as increasing food production and restricting distribution in order to secure the minimum food required by the citizens in the events prescribed in paragraph 4 of Article 2.
- 中国では国民党政府の時代、1929年に度量衡法を公布し、「1担=100斤、1斤=16両、1両=10銭、1銭=10分」と規定し、1両は唐代に準じて37.301グラムと規定された。
- In China, the government of the Nationalist Party promulgated the Weights and Measures Act in 1929, and in the provision, '1 tan (dan in pinyin) was equivalent to 100 kin, 1 kin to 16 ryo, 1 ryo to 10 sen, and 1 sen to 10 bu,' and the weight of 1 ryo was set at 37.301 grams, modeled after the standard in the Tang Dynasty China.
- また、日本に滞在していたアメリカ合衆国国民宣教師・ジョナサン・ゴーブル(またはジョナサン・スコビー (Jonathan Scobie))が1869年頃に発明したという説もある。
- Others claim that Jonathan Scobie, an American missionary to Japan, invented the jinrikisha around 1869.
- こうした西欧を指標として日本との落差を計測する姿勢の背後には、一国の文明化・強国化の要件として国民一人 々 の知識獲得や文化程度の向上を求める単線的な発展史観があったのである。
- On the background of such attitude to judge the gap between Western Europe and Japan from the standard of Western Europe, there was a single-track historical view of development which demands individual's acquisition of knowledge and improvement of culture standard, as the requirements for civilization and enhancement of national power.
- これは彼らが国民とは何かという問いをもって、西欧の書物を開く時、そこに頻出する'individual'あるいは'individuality'という語彙に触発されてのことである。
- This was influenced by the words 'individual' or 'individuality' which they often saw in the books of Western Europe when they had a question what the people was.
- この法律は、不動産の表示及び不動産に関する権利を公示するための登記に関する制度について定めることにより、国民の権利の保全を図り、もって取引の安全と円滑に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to secure the rights of citizens by providing for a system concerning registrations to be made to notify the public of descriptions of real property and rights relating to real property, thereby contributing to the safe and smooth conduct of transactions.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、土地の投機的取引及び地価の高騰が国民生活に及ぼす弊害を除去し、適正な地価の形成に資するため、土地取引の規制に関する措置その他必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- In order to eliminate the adverse effects that speculative land transactions and steep rises in land prices have on citizens' lives and to contribute to the formation of reasonable land prices, the State and local public entities shall take measures to control land transactions and other necessary measures.
- この法律は、半導体集積回路の回路配置の適正な利用の確保を図るための制度を創設することにより、半導体集積回路の開発を促進し、もつて国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to establish a system for ensuring the proper exploitation of the layout-design of semiconductor integrated circuits and thereby to promote the development of semiconductor integrated circuits to contribute to the sound development of the national economy.
- 今の教育は「文部省の専制的裁断に屈従した教育」であるから、それを「各自治体におけるそれらの教育委員の自由裁量に一任」し、それによって「教育が国民自身のものとなる」と主張している。
- She argued that education of the times was 'an education submissive to the Ministry of Education's despotic decisions' but it should be 'left to a discretionary power of the board of education of each municipality' in order to realize 'education for the people.'
- なお、結果的に梯子を外された形となった後藤象二郎直系を中心とした集団は国民自由党を結成して吏党に転じるが、第1回総選挙で5議席しか獲得できなかったためにほとんど影響力は無かった。
- In the meantime, Shojiro GOTO and his followers consequently lost support and organized Kokumin Liberal Party (National Liberal Party), which turned into a government-leaning party; however, they could gain only five parliamentary seats in the first general election, which barely bestowed them much political clout.
- 国は、再生品に対する需要の増進に資するため、自ら率先して再生品を使用するとともに、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民による再生品の使用が促進されるように、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- In order to contribute to the increase in demand for recycled articles, the State shall take the lead in making use of recycled articles and take necessary measures so that the use of recycled articles by local governments, business operators and citizens may be promoted.
- 国は、国民、事業者又はこれらの者の組織する民間の団体が自発的に行う緑化活動その他の森林の整備及び保全に関する活動が促進されるように、情報の提供その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall provide information and take necessary measures for the promotion of forest development and conservation activities including voluntary tree-planting activities by the citizens, business operators and private bodies organized by such parties.
- しかし同時にソビエト連邦が誕生したことにより、赤化(共産主義)思想が広まり、共産主義者による革命運動を懸念した政府は治安維持法を制定し、国民の運動に対し規制がかけられる形となった。
- However, the birth of the Soviet Union during the period spurred the spread of communism in Japan and prompted the government fearing revolutionary movement by Communist agitators to pass the Peace Preservation Act and control popular movements.
- 日本では、1月1日の元日のみを国民の祝日としているが、実際には少なくとも1月3日までの三箇日(場合によってはそれ以後の数日間も)を「お正月」と呼んで、事実上の祝日と同じ状態となる。
- In Japan, although only New Year's Day, January 1st, is a national holiday, at least the period of sanganichi (the three days) through January 3rd (sometimes including several days following it) is substantially a holiday period, and is actually called 'o-shogatsu' (a polite form of shogatsu).
- しかし征韓論政変によって参議から下野した板垣退助らが自由民権運動を開始し、それが次第に議会開設の国民運動として発展すると、政府は大日本帝国憲法を発布し、議会と内閣制度を発足させた。
- However, when Taisuke ITAGAKI and others, who resigned from the post of Sangi (councilor) after the political change of Seikanron (debate about the subjugation of Korea), started the Jiyuminken Undo (the Freedom and People's Rights Movement), that movement developed gradually into a movement by the people to establish the Diet, and the government promulgated the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and established the Diet and the cabinet system.
- 大政奉還の行われた直後の3通目の建白書では、公家中心の新政府を作り、一和同心をスローガンに広く天下から人材を求め、畿内5ヶ国を新政府の直轄領とするなど、国民皆兵などを提唱している。
- The third memorial immediately after restoration of imperial rule advocated that a new government centered on court nobles was established, personnel were called in from various parts of the country with a slogan of Ichiwa Doshin (common wishes or cooperative spirit), five territories in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto were put under direct imperial rule of the new government, and universal conscription was performed.
- その翻訳戯曲を高く評価したのが徳富蘇峰であり、8月に蘇峰が主筆をつとめる民友社の雑誌『国民之友』夏期文芸付録に、訳詩集『於母影』(署名は「S・S・S」(新声社の略記))を発表した。
- Soho TOKUTOMI regarded his translation highly, and in August Ogai published a book of poems 'Omokage' (Vestiges) (his signature was S. S. S) which he translated into Japanese as an appendix to the summer issue of 'Kokumin no tomo' (The Nation's Friend), a magazine published by Minyusha, for which Soho was working as a chief editor.
- 日本では、大胆な敵前回頭戦法(丁字戦法)により日本を勝利に導いた世界的な名提督として、『陸の乃木 海の東郷』と乃木希典陸軍大将と並び称され、日露戦争の英雄として国民の尊敬を集めた。
- With the saying 'Nogi of the land, Togo of the sea' he was classed with General Maresuku NOGI as the world-famous admiral who led Japan to victory by the daring Crossing the T tactic, and was much revered by the people as a hero of the Russo-Japanese War.
- 1875年(明治8年)10月、土佐の板垣退助が明治6年の政変に続いて明治政府を再び離脱し、国民を教化しつつ明治政府の外から自由主義的な議会制度を準備する運動を起こす道を歩み始めた。
- In October, 1875, Taisuke ITAGAKI from Tosa resigned from the Meiji Government for the second time following the political change which had happened in 1873, and while educating the nation's people, he initiated a course of action to prepare for the liberalization of parliamentary procedure from outside of the Meiji Government.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- これは、当時、一大国民運動となっていた護憲運動の影響を受けて、山縣有朋・桂太郎らを中心とする軍部と藩閥の反対を押し切り、山本権兵衛内閣総理大臣と木越安綱陸軍大臣が断行したものである。
- This, at the time, was influenced by a major civic movement, the Constitution Protection Movement, when Prime Minister Gombei YAMAMOTO and War Minister Yasutsuna KIGOSHI pushed through the disagreements among the military and the domain clique including Arimoto YAMADATA and Taro KATSURA.
- ところが過激な憲政擁護派らが上野恩賜公園や神田などで桂内閣をあからさまに批判する集会を開き、その集会での演説に興奮した国民の一部が国会議事堂に押し寄せるという事件を起こしたのである。
- Radical factions of the Kensei Yogo Group, however, held rallies in the Ueno Onshi Koen Park and on the streets in Kanda to bluntly criticize the KATSURA cabinet, and this event caused some of the citizens excited by the speeches at the rallies to throng to the Diet building.
- 最高裁判所の裁判官の任命は、その任命後初めて行はれる衆議院議員総選挙の際国民の審査に付し、その後十年を経過した後初めて行はれる衆議院議員総選挙の際更に審査に付し、その後も同様とする。
- The appointment of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be reviewed by the people at the first general election of members of the House of Representatives following their appointment, and shall be reviewed again at the first general election of members of the House of Representatives after a lapse of ten (10) years, and in the same manner thereafter.
- 国は、国民の水産業及び漁村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と漁村との間の交流の促進、遊漁船業の適正化その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measure such as promotion of exchange between urban areas and fishing villages and rationalization of recreational fishing vessels to enhance public understanding and interest in fishery industry and fishing villages, and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.
- なお戦後は同じ日が国民の祝日「文化の日」となったが、これは昭和21年(1946年)の11月3日に日本国憲法が公布されたことに由来し、明治節とは関係なく定められたということになっている。
- After the war, the same day became a national holiday 'Culture Day,' which had, officially, nothing to do with the Meiji festival and had its origin as the day when the Constitution of Japan was announced on November 3, 1946.
- 文化財保護法では無形の民俗文化財を、「衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術で、わが国の国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの」と規定している。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties provides that intangible folk cultural properties are 'manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, to occupations, religious faiths, festivals, etc., to folk entertainments, arts and crafts and techniques which are indispensable for the understanding of changes in our people's modes of life.'
- 国家総動員法、国民精神総動員運動、選挙粛清運動と並び、前年に決定し1940年(昭和15年)に内務省 (日本)が布告した「部落会町内会等調整整備要綱」(隣組強化法)によって制度化される。
- Along with the National General Mobilization Act, Movement for General Mobilization of the National Spirit, and Movement for Strict Enforcement of Election, it was institutionalized through 'Outline of Control and Enhancement of Village Community Associations and District Associations, etc' (Neighborhood Association Enhancement Act) decided in 1939 and decreed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan) in 1940.
- 山本は世論を怖れて、桂の二の舞を踏むことを避け、軍部大臣現役武官制を緩和して予備役・後備役でも可とし、政党勢力に譲歩するなど、国民に対して融和的な政治をとることで政局の安定化を図った。
- Afraid of public sentiment, Yamamoto tried to avoid making the same mistake as Katsura by working to stabilize the political situation; he attempted to do this by taking his appeasement policy to the public—which included principles such as the relaxation of the requirement that ministers of the army and navy should be active duty officers by allowing first reservists or second reservists to hold the positions—and seeking to reach compromising deals with the other political parties.
- 日本弁護士連合会は、弁護士の使命及び職務の重要性にかんがみ、裁判の迅速化に関し、国民による弁護士の利用を容易にするための弁護士の態勢の整備その他の弁護士の体制の整備に努めるものとする。
- Considering the importance of the mission and the duties of attorneys, with regard to the expediting of trials, the Japan Federation of Bar Associations shall endeavor to improve the preparedness of attorneys and other systems of attorneys to facilitate the use of attorneys by the people.
- 国は、国民の農業及び農村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と農村との間の交流の促進、市民農園の整備の推進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and rural areas, and promoting improvement of allotment gardens, in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of agriculture and rural areas and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.
- 前二項の規定により貸与し、又は支給される物品は、被収容者の健康を保持するに足り、かつ、国民生活の実情等を勘案し、被収容者としての地位に照らして、適当と認められるものでなければならない。
- The articles lent or supplied pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall be both suffice for the maintenance of detainees' health and appropriate in light of the status as detainee, taking into consideration of the actual situation of lives of Japanese citizens.
- 明治時代以降、国民食として短期間に全国に広まった最大の理由は、帝国陸海軍の隊内食・戦闘食の副食として採用されたため、兵役終了後の元兵士達により、その味が全国の家庭に持ち帰られ、浸透した。
- The most reason why fukujinzuke had become popular nationwide rapidly from the Meiji period as a national food, is that fukujinzuke was introduced by the Imperial Army and Navy as a subsidiary food for rations in barracks and combat, and the retired soldiers brought the taste of fukujinzuke back to their homes, then spread.
- これは戦時体制下で過度に利用されたが、皇国史観それ自体は極度に否定されるものではなく、長い日本の歴史の歩みの中で国民に継承されてきた伝統、文化的な価値観として肯定的に評価するものである。
- Although it was overly exploited by the wartime regime, the Kokoku Shikan (an emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) itself should not be seen as something to be vehemently denied, but as something that should be positively valued as representing cultural values that have been passed down from one generation of the Japanese people to the next over the course of Japan's long history.
- 期間の末日が日曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日その他の休日に当たるときは、その日に取引をしない慣習がある場合に限り、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
- If the last day of a period falls on a Sunday, a holiday as provided in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), or any other holiday, only when it is customary not to do business on such day, the period shall expire on the immediately following day.
- 第一生命保険のサラリーマン川柳、住友生命保険の創作四字熟語、自由国民社の新語・流行語大賞、東洋大学の現代学生百人一首と並んで、現代の日本の世相を反映する一つの指標として使われることが多い。
- It is often accepted as an indicator representing the social conditions of present day Japan together with the Salaryman Senryu (the salary man senryu poetry contest) hosted by the Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, the Sosaku Yojijukugo (Creation of a four-character compound) announced by Sumitomo Life Insurance Company, the Shingo ryukogo taisho (the grand prize for the new word of the year, and the grand prize for the best vogue word of the year) presented by Jiyu Kokuminsha, and the Gendai gakusei hyakunin isshu (One hundred poems of modern students) collected by Toyo University.
- 姓をもって家の継承と見なすならば国民においても男系継承が一般的であるといえるが、婿養子あるいは娘の子が跡を継ぐことも少ないながら存在し、かつての女系継承の残滓ともいえるものも見受けられる。
- Supposing that the succession of the surname represents the succession of the household, it can be said that male-line succession is common in the nation, however, a few son-in-laws or daughters take over the family; a remaining convention from the past female-line succession.
- 大成会は程無く解散したものの、その後中央交渉部に引き継がれ、更に1892年に佐々友房が品川弥二郎を盟主として国民協会_(日本)を結成することによって同党を中心とする吏党の枠組みが完成した。
- Although the Taiseikai party was dissolved shortly after, it was later taken over by the Chuo kosho-bu (Central Negotiating Section), and Tomofusa SASSA set up the Kokumin Kyokai (National Union Party in Japan) appointing Yajiro SHINAGAWA as a leader in 1892, thereby completing the framework of the the Rito party core.
- 竹越の著作は歴史上における国民または個人の思想動向とその分析の重要性と時期区分とその変化の法則性把握を提唱し、歴史における経済的要因を重視するなど、市民的立場からみた発展的歴史観を示した。
- Takekoshi's literary works advocated the importance of understanding and analyzing the trend of thought formented among the national public and individuals, and finding out a certain principle in the relationship between the classification of each period of history and its change, and thus, he presented a developmental view of history from the standpoint of an ordinary citizen.
- 21日、議会の開会予定をさらに15日間停会した桂内閣の処置により、かえって運動は加熱し、24日の東京での憲政擁護第2回大会はじめ、運動は全国的なひろがりをみせて一大国民運動となっていった。
- Seeing this, the Katsura Cabinet postponed the opening of the Diet, which was scheduled to be held on January 21, during 15 days, however, this measure resulted in only pouring oil on the flames, and after the second rally of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism held in Tokyo on January 24, the campaign grew into a nationwide public movement.
- 続いて、中央集権体制の近代国家にとって国民軍の創出が必要と認識され、西郷隆盛も最終的には山縣の考え方を支持して、山城屋事件で山縣が辞職に追い込まれた後も、西郷は桐野利秋らの反対論を退けた。
- Subsequently, the necessity to create a national army for a modern nation under centralized administrative framework was recognized, and Takamori SAIGO finally supported Yamagata's opinion and turned down the opposing opinions by Toshiaki KIRINO and others, even after Yamagata was forced into resignation due to the Yamashiroya incident.
- 国民は、その日常生活に関し、温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等のための措置を講ずるように努めるとともに、国及び地方公共団体が実施する温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等のための施策に協力しなければならない。
- Members of the general public shall strive to develop measures for the control of greenhouse gases with regard to activities of their daily lives, and shall cooperate with programs of the national government and local governments for the control of greenhouse gases.
- 同時に新渡戸にとって武士は国際社会において日本人の倫理感の高さ、国民一人一人が社会全体への義務を負うように教育されていると説明するのに最適のモデルであったとするのが今日の一般的な見方である。
- Also it is generally considered today that in international society the samurai was the best model for Nitobe to explain the high ethics view of Japanese and that every Japanese was educated to be responsible to the whole of society.
- 送出移送 条約に基づき、日本国において懲役又は禁錮の確定裁判を受けその執行として拘禁されている締約国の国民等を日本国から当該締約国に引き渡して、当該確定裁判の執行の共助を嘱託することをいう。
- 'Outgoing transfer' means the entrusting to a member state of assistance in the enforcement of a final and binding decision upon the surrender by Japan to a member state of a national, etc. of the member state who is being detained pursuant to a final and binding decision imposing of imprisonment with or without work rendered in Japan, based on Treaties.
- "Outgoing transfer" means the entrusting to a member state of assistance in the enforcement of a final and binding decision upon the surrender by Japan to a member state of a national, etc. of the member state who is being detained pursuant to a final and binding decision imposing of imprisonment with or without work rendered in Japan, based on Treaties.
- しかし、血縁が遠すぎて皇位継承者として国民の支持が得られないと反対派から批判された「旧皇族」に代えて、彼ら「皇別摂家」から皇位継承者を迎えてはどうかとの意見が男系維持論者の一部から提起された。
- However, some advocates of male-lineage succession suggested that members of the Kobetsu Sekke be selected as successors to the imperial throne instead of members of the 'former imperial family', because some people opposed the selection of the latter as successors since their more distant kinship to the imperial family means they would not enjoy public support.
- 臣等既ニ已ニ今日我国民撰議院ヲ立テズンバアル可カラザルノ所以、及今日我国人民進歩ノ度能ク斯議院ヲ立ルニ堪ルコトヲ弁論スル者ハ、則有司ノ之ヲ拒ム者ヲシテ口ニ藉スル所ナカラシメントスルニハ非ラズ。
- What we have already discussed are the reasons why we need a Minsen Giin (elected assembly) today and what we have been suggesting is that it is a natural process to establish a Minsen Giin as our people are evolved enough and we have not brought this petition to exclude the bureaucrats, who are refusing our movement, but they are welcome to give their views on this matter.
- 海洋の開発、利用、保全等を担う産業(以下「海洋産業」という。)については、我が国の経済社会の健全な発展及び国民生活の安定向上の基盤であることにかんがみ、その健全な発展が図られなければならない。
- With regard to the industries bearing the development, use and conservation of the oceans (hereinafter referred to as 'Ocean Industries'), in consideration of the fact that they are the basis for the sound development of the economy and society of our State and of stabilization and improvement of the lives of the citizenry, their sound development shall be promoted.
- この章及び第六十七条第一項において「特定継続的役務」とは、国民の日常生活に係る取引において有償で継続的に提供される役務であつて、次の各号のいずれにも該当するものとして、政令で定めるものをいう。
- The term 'Specified Continuous Services' as used in this chapter and Article 67 (1) shall mean services that are continuously offered for value in transactions pertaining to the daily lives of citizens, which are specified by a Cabinet Order as services falling under both of the following items:
- 武力攻撃 武力攻撃事態等における我が国の平和と独立並びに国及び国民の安全の確保に関する法律(平成十五年法律第七十九号。次号において「事態対処法」という。)第二条第一号に規定する武力攻撃をいう。
- "Armed attack" means armed attack as prescribed in item (i) of Article 2 of the Act on Ensuring the Peace and Independence of Japan and the Security of the State and the People in Armed Attack Situations, etc. (Act No. 79 of 2003, referred to as "Act on Response to Armed Attack Situations, etc." in the following item);
- 6番目のコメントは、1961年6月に発行された、政治学者の岡義武による「国民的独立と国家理性」および中国文学者の竹内好による「日本とアジア」(『近代日本思想史講座』、筑摩書房)の中に発見された。
- The sixth comment was found in 'Kokuminteki Dokuritsu to Kokka Risei' (National Independence and Reason of State) by a political scientist Yoshitake OKA and 'Nihon to Asia' (Japan and Asia) ('Kindai Nihon Shiso-shi Koza' [Modern Japanese History of Ideas], published by Chikuma Shobo) by a scholar of Chinese literature Yoshimi TAKEUCHI in June, 1961.
- しかし明治20年頃になると年賀状を出すことが国民の間に年末年始の行事の1つとして定着し、その結果、年末年始にかけて郵便局には多くの人々が出した年賀状が集中し郵便取扱量が何十倍にもなってしまった。
- However, in or around 1887 the sending of nengajo rooted among citizens as a year-end event, resulting in a concentration of nengajo from many people in post offices, thereby increasing the amount of mail several tens of times.
- 日本国民等 日本の国籍を有する者及び日本国との平和条約に基づき日本の国籍を離脱した者等の出入国管理に関する特例法(平成三年法律第七十一号)に定める特別永住者(以下「特別永住者」という。)をいう。
- 'Japanese national, etc.' means a person who has Japanese nationality or who is a special permanent resident (hereinafter referred to as a 'special permanent resident') as stipulated in the Special Act on the Immigration Control of, Inter Alia, Those Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality on the Basis of the Treaty of Peace with Japan (Act No. 71 of 1991).
- "Japanese national, etc." means a person who has Japanese nationality or who is a special permanent resident (hereinafter referred to as a "special permanent resident") as stipulated in the Special Act on the Immigration Control of, Inter Alia, Those Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality on the Basis of the Treaty of Peace with Japan (Act No. 71 of 1991).
- 国及び地方公共団体は、教育活動、広報活動等を通じて、犯罪被害者等が置かれている状況、犯罪被害者等の名誉又は生活の平穏への配慮の重要性等について国民の理解を深めるよう必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State and Local governments shall take necessary measures to deepen citizens' understanding on Crime Victims' present conditions and the importance of giving consideration to their honor and peace in life through educational and PR activities.
- この法律は、下請代金の支払遅延等を防止することによつて、親事業者の下請事業者に対する取引を公正ならしめるとともに、下請事業者の利益を保護し、もつて国民経済の健全な発達に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by preventing a delay in payment of subcontract proceeds, etc., to ensure that transactions between main subcontracting entrepreneurs and subcontractors are fair and, at the same time, to protect the interests of the subcontractors, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- しかし、議会制度を発足させるためには、官制改革・民度・国民教育などが未成熟であり、時期尚早であったため、大久保利通を中心に「有司専制」と呼ばれる薩長藩閥による官僚を中心とした改革体制が維持された。
- However, it was too early to establish the Diet because the reform of the organization of the central government, the cultural level of the people, and national education were still immature, and due to the Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu) clanship a bureaucracy centered system called 'Yushi-sensei' led by Toshimichi OKUBO was maintained.
- 1873年(明治6年)に徴兵令が制定され、1889年(明治22年)に国民皆兵が義務付けられ、徴用された成人男子に軍隊が官給品として支給(貸興、給興)し、使用を強制したことで一般化するようになった。
- Ecchu fundoshi became accepted generally, as the Conscription Ordinance was enacted in 1873, the universal conscription was made obligatory in 1889, and the army provided (lent, supplied) it to the conscripted adult males as one of the government-issued supplies and forced them to use it.
- 若年で即位して以来、大政奉還、王政復古と戊辰戦争、明治維新、日清戦争、日露戦争など、激動の幕末から明治時代を経験し、明治新政府、近代国家日本の指導者、象徴として、絶対君主として国民から畏敬された。
- He succeeded to the throne when he was young, then he experienced Taiseihokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Oseifukko (the restoration of Imperial rule), the Boshin War, the Meiji Restoration, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, difficult times from the last days of the bakufu era through to the Meiji period, and he was respected by the nation as the leader of the modern Japanese nation and a symbol, as a sovereign.
- そのため、NDL-OPACを通じた書誌データの提供は、単に国会図書館一館の資料所蔵情報の公開にとどまらず、日本におけるありとあらゆる出版物の書誌データを網羅的に広く国民に提供するサービスでもある。
- Therefore, the provision of bibliographic data through the NDL-OPAC is a service intended not only to deliver the information of the stock of the NDL but also to provide the general public with broad-based, comprehensive bibliographical data on every conceivable kind of material published in Japan.
- この法律は、国民の基本的人権に重大な関係を有するものであるから、公共の安全の確保のために必要な最小限度においてのみ適用すべきであって、いやしくもこれを拡張して解釈するようなことがあつてはならない。
- Due to the fact that this Act has a grave bearing upon the fundamental human rights of the people, it shall be applied only to the minimum extent necessary to secure public security, and shall not be subject to any expanded interpretation.
- 戦後の国民体育大会でも使用されていたが、占領アメリカ軍が臀部が露出することは野蛮であるとして、接収した明治神宮外苑プールで禁止し、選手は米軍関係者の前では六尺褌の上に水泳パンツをはいて競技を行った。
- Rokushaku fundoshi was still worn at national sports festivals after the war, but the American occupation forces prohibited the wearing of fundoshi at the pool in the outer garden of Meiji-jingu Shrine, which they had seized, for the reason that it was barbaric to expose one's buttocks, so swimmers swam wearing swimming trunks over their rokushaku fundoshi only in the presence of US army personnel.
- これに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会_(日本)・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- East Liberal Party, Alliance Club, the Constitutional Progressive Party, National Association (Japan), and Policy Affairs Research Council (political party in the Meiji Period) were allied and advocated 'Opposition to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'Quick Start of War against Qing' and form a united.
- このようにしてかれにとって帝国主義や社会主義は、国民を一致団結させ国家に事業を興させる手段であり、ニッコロ・マキャヴェッリのように、祖国のために個人の意志は吸収され、国家そのものが崇拝の対象となる。
- Thus, for him, the imperialism and socialism were merely the means to bring people in unity and make the state to create businesses, and according to his theories, as Niccolo MACHIAVELLI put it, the will of a person would be absorbed for his or her homeland and the state itself would be the subject of worship.
- 黒田内閣による民党分裂工作と条約改正交渉の失敗、第1次山縣内閣による民党買収による予算通過、第1次松方内閣による選挙干渉事件などが、却って議会の審議を停滞させたばかりでなく、一般国民の反発を買った。
- Debates at the Diet slowed down and the citizens protested because: the Kuroda administration failed to break the minto apart and revised the treaty; the first Yamagata administration had their budget approved by bribing the minto; and the first Matsukata administration interfered with the election.
- すべて国民は、この法律の適用について、平等に取り扱われ、人種、信条、性別、社会的身分、門地又は第三十八条第五号に規定する場合を除くの外政治的意見若しくは政治的所属関係によつて、差別されてはならない。
- In the application of this Act, all citizens shall be accorded equal treatment and shall not be discriminated against by reason of race, religious faith, sex, social status, family origin, or political opinions or affiliation except as provided for in item 5 of Article 38.
- この法律は、信託業を営む者等に関し必要な事項を定め、信託に関する引受けその他の取引の公正を確保することにより、信託の委託者及び受益者の保護を図り、もって国民経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to ensure the protection of the settlors and beneficiaries of trusts by securing fairness in the acceptance of trusts and other transactions related thereto through the provision of the necessary matters for such persons as those carrying out Trust Business, and thereby to contribute to the sound development of the national economy.
- 政府は、その保有する情報の公開の総合的な推進を図るため、行政機関の保有する情報が適時に、かつ、適切な方法で国民に明らかにされるよう、行政機関の保有する情報の提供に関する施策の充実に努めるものとする。
- In order to comprehensively promote disclosure of the information it holds, the Government shall endeavor to enhance measures concerned with the provision of information held by Administrative Organs, so as to make clear to the citizens through timely and appropriate methods the information that Administrative Organs hold.
- 第四十条又は前条第二項の規定により貸与し、又は支給する物品は、被収容者の健康を保持するに足り、かつ、国民生活の実情等を勘案し、被収容者としての地位に照らして、適正と認められるものでなければならない。
- The articles lent or supplied pursuant to the provision of Article 40 or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall be both suffice for the maintenance of inmates' health and appropriate in light of the status as an inmate, taking into consideration the actual situation of national life.
- 大日本協会の動きに対して東洋自由党・同盟倶楽部・立憲改進党・国民協会・政務調査会_(明治時代の政党)の5党派がこれに呼応して、「日英通商航海条約締結の反対」・「清国への早期開戦」を掲げて共闘を約した。
- The Toyo Jiyuto (Oriental Liberal Party), the Domei Club (Alliance Club), the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party), the Kokumin Kyokai, and the Policy Affairs Research Council of the five parties of the Meiji period, promised to bond together to fight in response to the Dai Nihon Kyokai's campaign, chanting slogans such as 'protesting the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation' and 'wage a early war against Qing.'
- しかしながら、大日本帝国憲法は国民の権利を、天皇が臣民に与えた「恩恵的権利」と定義し、権利制限の根拠を「法律ニ定メタル場合」「法律ノ範囲内」などのいわゆる「法律の留保」、あるいは「安寧秩序」に求めた。
- However, the Constitution of the Empire of Japan specified that people's rights were 'privileged' ones that were given by the emperor and these rights could be limited 'by the constitution' and only permitted 'within the confines of the law,' in favor of public order and security.
- この法律は、銀行の業務の公共性にかんがみ、信用を維持し、預金者等の保護を確保するとともに金融の円滑を図るため、銀行の業務の健全かつ適切な運営を期し、もつて国民経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, in view of the public nature of banking services and for the purpose of maintaining their credibility, securing protection for depositors, etc. and facilitating the smooth functioning of financial services, to ensure the sound and appropriate operations of banking services, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- The purpose of this Act is, in view of the public nature of the business of banks and for the purpose of maintaining its credibility, securing the protection of Depositors, etc. and facilitating smooth functioning of financial services, to ensure sound and appropriate operations of the business of banks, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、土地に関する施策の円滑な実施に資するため、個人の権利利益の保護に配慮しつつ、国民に対し、土地の所有及び利用の状況、地価の動向等の土地に関する情報を提供するように努めるものとする。
- In order to contribute to the smooth implementation of measures on land, the State and local public entities shall endeavor to provide citizens with information on land, such as the state of ownership and use of land, trends of land prices and other matters, while giving consideration to the protection of rights and interests of individuals.
- 政府は、この法律の施行後五年を目途として、国民の日常生活に係る商取引に関する事情その他の経済的社会的環境の変化に応じ、新特定商取引法の規定に検討を加え、その結果に基づいて必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The government shall, after approximately five years from the enforcement of this Act, review the provisions of the New Specified Commercial Transaction Act according to the changes in the situation of commercial transactions pertaining to daily lives of citizens and other economic and social conditions, and take necessary measures based on the results of the review.
- この法律は、事業者間の公正な競争及びこれに関する国際約束の的確な実施を確保するため、不正競争の防止及び不正競争に係る損害賠償に関する措置等を講じ、もって国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, in order to ensure fair competition among business operators and the proper implementation of international agreements related thereto, to provide measures for the prevention of unfair competition and compensation for damages caused by unfair competition.and thereby contribute to the sound development of the national economy,.by
- もし、敬老の日が9月21日で、続く秋分の日が9月23日となるか、敬老の日が9月20日で秋分の日が9月22日となる場合、祝日法の規定により間に挟まれる日(それぞれ22日か21日)が国民の休日とみなされる。
- When September 21 or 20 will be the Respect for the Aged Day and September 23 or 22 will be the Autumnal Equinox Day, the day sandwiched between the Respect for the Aged Day and the Autumnal Equinox Day (22 or 21) is regarded as a national holiday due to a provision of the Act on National Holidays.
- 第二次世界大戦後、1947年(昭和22年)に施行された日本国憲法は、国会を唯一の立法機関と定め、国会を構成する衆議院・参議院の両議院は「全国民を代表する選挙された議員」(国会議員)で組織されると定めた。
- After World War II, the Constitution of Japan, which came into force in 1947, defined the Diet as the sole law-making organ of the State, and that the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, which comprise the Diet, should consist of 'elected members, representative of all the people' (as the member of the Diet).
- 第百八十六条又は前条第二項の規定により貸与し、又は支給する物品は、被留置者の健康を保持するに足り、かつ、国民生活の実情等を勘案し、被留置者としての地位に照らして、適正と認められるものでなければならない。
- The articles lent or supplied pursuant to the provision of Article 186 or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article shall be both suffice for the maintenance of detainees' health and appropriate in light of the status as a detainee, taking into consideration the actual situation of national life.
- 国民及び民間の団体は、基本原則にのっとり、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用のための取組を自ら行うとともに、他の者の行う生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用のための取組に協力するよう努めるものとする。
- Citizens and private bodies shall, with the purport of the fundamental principles, make voluntary efforts for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and endeavor to cooperate for other persons' efforts for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
- 期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、期間は、その翌日に満了する。
- If the last day of a period falls upon Sunday, Saturday, a holiday prescribed in the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd, or any day from December 29th to December 31st, the period shall expire on the day following the respective day.
- これにより皇室制度は、プロイセン式の立憲君主制を採ったが、大日本帝国憲法と同時に制定された皇室典範は、内閣や国会も改廃できない「皇室の家法」とされ、皇室制度は国民統治の神権的機関として利用されるようになる。
- With this, the system of the Imperial Household adopted a Prussian style constitutional monarch, but the Imperial House Act, which was established at the same time with the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, was considered as 'the family codes of the Imperial Household,' that could not be changed nor abandoned by the cabinet or the Diet, and the system of the Imperial Household began to be used as a system of divine right to reign over the people.
- 河野は先例を破って、奉答文中に「今ヤ国運ノ興隆洵々ニ千載ノ一遇ナルニ当リテ、閣臣ノ施設之ニ伴ハス内政ハ弥縫ヲ事トシ、外交ハ機宜ヲ失シ」その他を綴って内閣を弾劾し、国民の意思を明治天皇の耳にいれようと謀った。
- KONO broke with the precedent and added words such as, 'Now the national prosperity meets a chance in a million, but the Cabinet doesn't follow this and the internal administration takes a stopgap policy so that we lose the chance in diplomacy' into Hotobun and impeached the Cabinet, so that he could let the Meiji emperor know of people's voice.
- この法律は、火災を予防し、警戒し及び鎮圧し、国民の生命、身体及び財産を火災から保護するとともに、火災又は地震等の災害に因る被害を軽減し、もつて安寧秩序を保持し、社会公共の福祉の増進に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to prevent, guard against, and suppress fires in order to protect the lives, bodies and property of citizens from fires, and to reduce the damage arising from fires or disasters such as earthquakes, thereby maintaining peace and order and contributing to the promotion of social and public welfare.
- 三 衣食住、生業、信仰、年中行事等に関する風俗慣習、民俗芸能、民俗技術及びこれらに用いられる衣服、器具、家屋その他の物件で我が国民の生活の推移の理解のため欠くことのできないもの(以下「民俗文化財」という。)
- 3. The indispensables in order for our nationals to appreciate the flow of life (such as food, clothing, housings, industry or livelihood, beliefs, folk customs about festivals, public entertainments, and traditional skills with the associated costumes, tools and stages) (such indispensables being hereinafter referred to as folk cultural properties)
- 国は、国民の森林及び林業に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と山村との間の交流の促進、公衆の保健又は教育のための森林の利用の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and mountain villages, and promoting public health or use of forests for education , in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of forest and forestry and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.
- 確かに国民皆兵性のような1戸(行政上の単位、平均30人ぐらい)から1名、年間60日の軍事訓練を受けるという段階では歩兵の比率が高そうに思えるが、騎兵部隊も確認され、軍事力の中核はそちらが担っていたようである。
- Certainly, there seemed to be a higher ratio of foot soldiers by looking at mandatory military service where one member of a family (average of around 30 members for the administrative unit) had to go for less that sixty days of military training and service, but it was the confirmed presence of cavalry that held the central military power.
- ちなみに、敬老の日と秋分の日の両祝日及び国民の休日について今後祝日法が改正されない限り、このケースが最初に発生するのは2009年、次いで2015年の見込である(ともに敬老の日が9月21日で秋分の日が23日)。
- It is also expected that the first year when the above case can be applied will be 2009 and next year will be 2015 (in both years, the Respect for the Aged Day will be September 21 and the Autumnal Equinox Day will be September 23), unless the Act on National Holidays regarding the both holidays (the Respect for the Aged Day and the Autumnal Equinox Day) and the national holiday will be revised in the future.
- すなわち、オットー・フォン・ビスマルク時代以後のドイツ君権強化に対する抵抗の理論として国家法人説を再生させたイェリネックの学説を導入し、国民の代表機関である議会は、内閣を通して天皇の意思を拘束しうると唱えた。
- In short, he proclaimed that the diet, a representative of nation's people, can restrain the emperor's will via the Cabinet by introducing a theory of Jellinek who reproduced the state authority theory as a theory against strengthening of monarchy in Germany in and after the period of Otto von Bismarck.
- 一方、西村茂樹は国民が「半開」(文明と野蛮の中間)にあるから時期尚早というのは理由にできない、むしろ議院を設立することで民衆を「文明」へと導くべきと主張し、民撰議院を設立することに積極的な賛成を表明している。
- On the other hand, Shigeki NISHIMURA showed a strong approve of the establishment of democratic representatives, with insisting that the thought that it was too early because the people were in the stage of 'hankai' (middle of civilization and barbarity) was irrational and that they should be led to 'civilization' by the establishment of parliament.
- 出生により外国の国籍を取得した日本国民で国外で生まれたものは、戸籍法(昭和二十二年法律第二百二十四号)の定めるところにより日本の国籍を留保する意思を表示しなければ、その出生の時にさかのぼつて日本の国籍を失う。
- A Japanese citizen who acquired the nationality of a foreign country through birth and who was born abroad shall retroactively lose Japanese nationality to the time of birth unless he/she indicates an intention to reserve Japanese nationality pursuant to the provision of the Family Registration Act (Act No. 224 of 1947).
- 第十三条の命令により裁判国から引渡しを受けた日本国民等を、その引渡し後に公訴が提起された受入移送犯罪に係る事件について刑に処するときは、刑法第五条ただし書の規定にかかわらず、その刑の執行を免除するものとする。
- When a Japanese national, etc. surrendered by a sentencing state pursuant to an order provided for in Article 13 is sentenced to punishment in a criminal case with regard to the offense that is the premise of the incoming transfer for which the national was prosecuted after surrender, the enforcement of that punishment shall be remitted notwithstanding the provisions of the proviso in Article 5 of the Penal Code.
- 前条に規定する要求のあつたときは、人事院は、必要と認める調査、口頭審理その他の事実審査を行い、一般国民及び関係者に公平なように、且つ、職員の能率を発揮し、及び増進する見地において、事案を判定しなければならない。
- When a request provided for in the preceding Article is received, the National Personnel Authority shall conduct such investigations, hearings or other fact-finding reviews it finds necessary, and evaluate the case with due regard to fairness to the public and the persons concerned and in terms of developing and improving the efficiency of officials.
- 当該政策に基づく行政上の一連の行為の実施により国民生活若しくは社会経済に相当程度の影響を及ぼすこと又は当該政策がその実現を目指す効果を発揮することができることとなるまでに多額の費用を要することが見込まれること。
- It is expected that administrative act pursuant to the Policy has considerable impact on the lives of people and/or society and the economy, or a large amount of expense is incurred before the aims of the said Policy are achieved.
- この法律は、土壌の特定有害物質による汚染の状況の把握に関する措置及びその汚染による人の健康に係る被害の防止に関する措置を定めること等により、土壌汚染対策の実施を図り、もって国民の健康を保護することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to facilitate the implementation of counter-measures against soil contamination by formulating measures to apprehend situations of soil contamination by Designated Hazardous Substances and measures for the prevention of harmful effects on human health by such contamination, and thereby to protect the health of the citizens.
- 循環型社会の形成は、このために必要な措置が国、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民の適切な役割分担の下に講じられ、かつ、当該措置に要する費用がこれらの者により適正かつ公平に負担されることにより、行われなければならない。
- The establishment of a Sound Material-Cycle Society must be undertaken by having necessary measures carried out under the proper sharing of roles among the State, local governments, business operators, and citizens, and with the costs of such measures shared appropriately and fairly among them.
- 次に掲げる技術(原子力に係るものを除く。)であって、民間の能力を活用することによりその開発の効果的な実施を図ることができるものであり、かつ、その企業化の促進を図ることが国民経済上特に必要なものの開発を行うこと。
- Conducting the development of the following technology (excluding technology related to nuclear power), which can be developed effectively using skills from the private sector, and which is necessary to be commercialized, particularly from the perspective of the national economy:
- 良質な酒を生産しようと志しても、いまだ昭和17年(1942年)に制定された食糧管理制度の下に国民には米穀通帳(べいこくつうちょう)が発行され、酒造米も配給制となっていたために、満足のゆく原料の調達が困難であった。
- Even if they tried to produce good quality sake, it was difficult for them to get enough materials because the rice for sake brewing was received only through the ration system under the food-control system which was established in 1942 and issued rice and grain passbooks to public.
- 国は、前条の目的の実現に資する活動であって民間の団体又は個人により自発的に行われるものを促進し、これらの者と連携協力するとともに、更生保護に対する国民の理解を深め、かつ、その協力を得るように努めなければならない。
- The Government shall promote activities which contribute to the realization of the purpose under the preceding Article and which are voluntarily carried out by organizations or individuals in the private sector, shall coordinate and cooperate with such persons and shall endeavor to deepen the understanding of the general public and attain their cooperation for the rehabilitation.
- このような弱小ぶりは、保護された中国人の扱いにおいて「対馬での朝鮮軍の弱小ぶりを詳細に見たことから中国に返還できない」というや、朴実が敗戦の罪により投獄され、李従茂が国民への影響を理由に免罪となった事からも窺える。
- The weakness of the Korean army was further attested to in an entry discussing Chinese captives that they had rescued from Tsushima which said 'Having seen in detail the weakness of our army in Tsushima, we cannot allow our captives to return to China,' as well as by the fact that Sil PAK was held responsible for the defeat and imprisoned; it may be surmised that only the influence of the Korean people enabled Jong Mu YI to escape responsibility.
- 民衆はこれを、山県の意を受けた桂が陸軍の軍備拡張を推し進めようとしたものとみなし、国民も議会中心の政治などを望んで藩閥政治に反発し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」をスローガンとする憲政擁護運動(第一次)が起こったのである。
- The people, however, considered that KATSURA's intention was to expand armaments, following the advice of Aritomo YAMAGATA, and this provoked an angry response towards the Hanbatsu Seiji from the people who wished for constitutional government, which led to the first campaign for defending constitutionalism under the slogan 'Down with cliques from the major hans and protect constitutional government.'
- 裁判の迅速化に係る前項の制度及び体制の整備は、訴訟手続その他の裁判所における手続の整備、法曹人口の大幅な増加、裁判所及び検察庁の人的体制の充実、国民にとって利用しやすい弁護士の体制の整備等により行われるものとする。
- Improving the system and structure pertaining to the expediting of trials referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be achieved by improving the litigation proceedings and other proceedings of the courts, significantly increasing the number of legal professionals, enhancing the human resources of the courts and public prosecutors offices, and improving the attorneys' system so that it is user-friendly for the people.
- 亀岡運動公園は、1988年(昭和63年)の京都国民体育大会に合わせて建設された体育館、競技場、野球場、プール、テニスコート、遊具などを兼ね備えた複合的なスポーツ施設であり、市や府の内外を問わず盛んに利用されている。
- Kameoka Sports Park is a sports complex that was built for the Kyoto National Sports Festival held in 1988, consisting of gymnasiums, an athletics stadium, a baseball field, swimming pools, tennis courts, and various types of play equipment, and is used by a large number of visitors not only from Kameoka-City but also from outside Kyoto Prefecture.
- 国民に対する食料の安定的な供給については、世界の食料の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、国内の農業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入及び備蓄とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
- In consideration of the fact that the world's food supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, stable food supply to the citizens shall be secured by increased domestic agricultural production as a base together with appropriate combination of import and reserve.
- 新型焼酎と合成清酒、増産酒の登場、三増酒の登場とさまざまな酒が市場に送り出され、食生活の変化により国民の味覚も大きく変貌をとげた大正から昭和にかけては、それを如実に反映するように流通する日本酒の味も変化していった。
- From the Taisho period to the Showa period, when various sake such as new shochu, synthetic seishu, zosanshu and sanzoshu appeared in the market and people's taste also changed greatly because of the change of diet, the taste of popular sake also had changed reflecting its change clearly.
- どぶろくの禁止に関しては、国民の食生活への国家の介入であるとしてその後も根強い反論を招き、昭和時代後期のどぶろく裁判などを経て、2002年(平成14年)の構造改革特別区域でいわゆる「どぶろく」が設けられるまで続いた。
- The prohibition of Doburoku had been strongly refuted as an intervention of the nation to the people's diet, which had continued until what we call 'Doburoku' districts were designated as the structural reform district in 2002 after the Doburoku Trial in the latter part of the Showa period.
- お盆は、旧暦・新暦・月遅れいずれも、日本ではいずれも過去に祝祭日や国民の祝日になったことがないが、新暦8月15日前後は平日であってもかなりの人が休日になることが多く、学校の児童・生徒であれば大多数は夏休み期間となる。
- Though the Bon festival, regardless of whether it is held according to the lunar or the Gregorian calendar, has never been a public holiday or a national holiday in Japan, quite a few people take holidays around August 15th, even if they are weekdays, and most school children and students are on their summer vacation.
- 国は、津波、高潮等による災害から国土並びに国民の生命、身体及び財産を保護するため、災害の未然の防止、災害が発生した場合における被害の拡大の防止及び災害の復旧(以下「防災」という。)に関し必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures with regard to the prevention of natural disaster, prevention of damage expansion in case of occurrence of natural disaster and recovery from disaster (hereinafter referred to as 'Disaster Prevention'), in order to protect national land as well as life, body and property of the citizens from disasters such as tsunamis, storm surges and others.
- 寺内正毅内閣総理大臣は1918年5月の地方長官会議にて国民生活難に関して言及したが、その年の予算予算編成において救済事業奨励費はわずか35,000円のみであり、寺内の憂慮を反映した予算編成になっているとは言えなかった。
- Although Prime minister Masatake TERAUCHI had mentioned the hard living of citizens at the provincial governor meeting held in 1918, the grant-in-aid for the relief work in budgeting of that year was only 35,000 yen and his worry was not particularly reflected to the budgeting.
- 国は、事業者、国民又は民間の団体が行う生物の多様性の保全上重要な土地の取得並びにその維持及び保全のための活動その他の生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関する自発的な活動が促進されるよう必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The government shall take necessary measures to ensure that activities to acquire, maintain and conserve land that is important in terms of conservation of biodiversity and other voluntary activities for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, which are conducted by businesses, citizens or private bodies, are promoted.
- 明治38年8月には、斯波貞吉、中村大八郎らと「国家社会党」を創立し、その宣言書には、古代における我国の皇室が或る意味における社会主義の実行者であると説き、「我国民は宜しく皇室の力に依りて官費の専横を抑制すべし」と論じた。
- In August 1905, he founded 'Kokka Shakaito,' or the National Socialist Party, with Teikichi SHIBA, Daihachiro NAKAMURA and others, and in the party's manifesto, they said that the members of the Imperial Family in ancient times had virtually practiced socialism, and that 'We must stop wasting government expenses using appropriate assistance from the Imperial family.'
- いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟(朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身)への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
- Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.
- 前文の一節「真理がわれらを自由にする」は、図書館が公平に資料を提供してゆくことで国民に知る自由を保障し、健全な民主社会を育む礎となっていかねばならないとする国立国会図書館の基本理念を明らかにしたものであると解釈されている。
- A paragraph from its preamble, 'Truth Makes Us Free,' has been interpreted as an illumination of the NDL's principles, which state that libraries should guarantee freedom of knowledge for the Japanese people through the equal provision of materials, and should be the foundation for realizing a sound democratic society.
- 「近世熊伯〔熊沢蕃山を指す〕亦論二貴粟一、伯継多二善政一、国民至レ今便焉貴粟之政、独不レ行二於当時一、可レ歎哉、今欲二富レ士仰一レ商、無レ如下貴二穀粟一而賤中金銀上、欲レ貴二穀粟一、無レ如二以レ穀代一レ幣、而行二於天下一也」
- 近世熊伯〔熊沢蕃山を指す〕亦論二貴粟一,伯継多二善政一,国民至レ今便焉貴粟之政,独不レ行二於当時一,可レ歎哉,今欲二富レ士仰一レ商,無レ如下貴二穀粟一而賤中金銀上,欲レ貴二穀粟一,無レ如二以レ穀代一レ幣,而行二於天下一也'
- 一進会の主張はあくまで日韓両国民の対等な地位に基づく日韓共栄であって日本の考える韓国の吸収併合とは全く異なるものであることや、日韓併合については韓国側の要求は一切受け入れない方針であったため日本政府は一進会の請願を拒否した。
- The Japanese Government refused their demand because Isshinkai claimed for the mutual prosperity between Korea and Japan on a basis of Korean and Japanese people's equal position, which was completely different from the merger and annexation of Korea, that Japan was expecting, and also Japan was taking its own policy that any request from Korea was unacceptable for the Japanese annexation of Korea.
- 国は、国民経済の復興及び人口問題の解決に寄与するため、北海道総合開発計画(以下「開発計画」という。)を樹立し、これに基く事業を昭和二十六年度から当該事業に関する法律(これに基く命令を含む。)の規定に従い、実施するものとする。
- In order to contribute to the restoration of the national economy and to the settlement of population problems, the State shall make the Comprehensive Development Plan of Hokkaido (hereinafter referred to as the 'Development Plan'), and carry out projects based on it, pursuant to the provisions of acts relevant to the projects (including orders thereof), beginning fiscal 1951.
- 外国の国籍を有する日本国民は、外国及び日本の国籍を有することとなつた時が二十歳に達する以前であるときは二十二歳に達するまでに、その時が二十歳に達した後であるときはその時から二年以内に、いずれかの国籍を選択しなければならない。
- A Japanese citizen having a foreign nationality shall select one of the nationalities, where he/she obtains foreign and Japanese nationalities prior to his/her becoming twenty years old, before his/her reaching twenty-two years old, and where that time when he/she obtained foreign and Japanese nationalities comes after his or her reaching twenty years old, within two years from that time.
- 国は、循環型社会の形成の推進を図るためには事業者及び国民の理解と協力を得ることが欠くことのできないものであることにかんがみ、循環型社会の形成に関する教育及び学習の振興並びに広報活動の充実のために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures for the improvement of publicity and the promotion of education and learning on the establishment of a Sound Material-Cycle Society, in view of the fact that it is indispensable to gain the understanding and cooperation of business operators and citizens in order to facilitate the transformation into a Sound Material-Cycle Society.
- 国は、国民が製品をなるべく長期間使用すること、商品の購入に当たって容器等が過剰に使用されていない商品を選択すること等により製品等が廃棄物等となることを抑制するよう、これに関する知識の普及その他の必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures, such as the dissemination of related knowledge, so that citizens may prevent or reduce the generation of wastes, etc. from products, etc. through the use of products as long a time as possible, through choosing products for which containers, etc. are not excessively used, and so on.
- 披講所役による朗詠そのものの持つ「質的な魅力」に加え、各地の国民の詠進歌が披露されるという全国大会のような興味、また、御製・皇后宮御歌・皇族の詠進歌には詠者の心情・近況が示唆されることもあり、注目を浴びる宮中行事の一つである。
- Utakai Hajime is one of the attention-grabbing court functions because of the fact that Hikojoyaku's recitation is attractive in its quality, that people are interested in such a national contest at which poems of people throughout Japan are presented, and that sometimes ohomi uta, ohokisai no miyano miuta and poems of other Imperial Family members suggest feelings and recent situations of the writers.
- 一部から新平は「赤い男爵」といわれたが、新平はあくまで日本とロシアの国民としての友好を唱え共産主義というイデオロギーは単なるロシア主義として恐れるに足らず、むしろソビエト体制の軟化のために日露関係の正常化が望ましいとしていた。
- He was sometimes called the 'Red Baron,' and advocated friendship between Japan and Russia through the viewpoint of common people, considering that communist ideology was only a nationalistic ideology of Russia and not worth worrying about, and that the normalization of diplomatic relations was desirable in order to soften the Soviet Union.
- 法務大臣は、外国人がその意思にかかわらずその国籍を失うことができない場合において、日本国民との親族関係又は境遇につき特別の事情があると認めるときは、その者が前項第五号に掲げる条件を備えないときでも、帰化を許可することができる。
- In cases where despite the foreign national's intention, he/she is unable to give up his/her nationality, the Minister of Justice may permit naturalization if special circumstances are found concerning a familial relationship or circumstances with a Japanese citizen even if that foreign national has not met the conditions listed in the preceding paragraph, item (v).
- 蕨市の「青年祭」に影響を受けた国は、1948年に公布・施行された国民の祝日に関する法律により、「おとなになったことを自覚し、みずから生きぬこうとする青年を祝いはげます」の趣旨のもと、翌年から1月15日を成人の日として制定した。
- The national government influenced by the 'Seinen-sai Festival' in Warabi City specified January 15 as Coming-of-Age Day in 1949, based upon the purpose of 'casting blessings upon and encouraging young people who were aware of becoming adults, and strived to get through by themselves,' pursuant to the Act on National Holidays proclaimed and enacted in 1948.
- 続いて設立された立憲政友会を与党とする山本権兵衛内閣は軍部大臣現役武官制の廃止など陸海軍の内閣への発言力を弱める改革に着手したが、海軍高官の贈賄事件(シーメンス事件)の影響により再び国民の怒りを買いに内閣総辞職を余儀なくされた。
- The next administration led by Prime Minister Gonbei YAMAMOTO, with Rikken Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government) as mainstream party, worked on reform to curb the influence of the Imperial Army and Navy in civilian government, including the abrogation of the law requiring military-related ministers to be active-duty military officers, but was forced into mass resignation in face of public ire over the corruption scandal involving high-ranking navy officers (Siemens Scandal).
- これに対し、ほぼ同時期に行われた大隈重信の葬儀は、同じ首相経験者であり維新の元勲であったのにもかかわらず国葬にならなかったものの(「国民葬」とされた)、各界の著名人が出席し、一般参列者によってごった返すなどあまりに対照的だった。
- On the other hand, the funeral service of Shigenobu OKUMA, which was held around the same time, was attended by famous people from a variety of fields, and the venue was crowded with the general attendants although his was not a state funeral (it was a 'national funeral' instead), even though Okuma was also a former Prime Minister and a genkun of the Imperial Restoration just as Yamagata had been.
- 国は、国民が広く知的財産に対する理解と関心を深めることにより、知的財産権が尊重される社会を実現できるよう、知的財産に関する教育及び学習の振興並びに広報活動等を通じた知的財産に関する知識の普及のために必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- National government shall take the necessary measures to promote education and learning on intellectual property and disseminate knowledge on intellectual property through public relations activities, etc. in order to develop a society in which intellectual property rights are respected, through making citizens more aware of and deepening its interest in intellectual property.
- 国民は、年齢を数え年によつて言い表わす従来のならわしを改めて、年齢計算に関する法律(明治35年法律第50号)の規定により算定した年数(一年に達しないときは、月数)によってこれを言い表わすのを常とするように心がけなければならない。
- The law stated that citizens should no longer use the way of counting a person's age based on the traditional Japanese system, and always use the way of counting the years of age (the number of months when one's age is under one year) that is set forth in the provisions of law about calculating age (1902, Law No. 50).
- 祖先の霊を祭る宗教行事だけではなく、国民的な休暇、民族移動の時期としての「お盆」としての側面があり、仏教的生活習慣を意識していない場合にはお盆(旧盆)は単なる夏休みになっているが、全国的に大多数の人が墓参りをするのが恒例である。
- This 'Obon', as well as being a religious event to commemorate the souls of ancestors, has the air of a national holiday, with many people traveling around the country and, for those not aware of Buddhist practices, the Obon around August 15th is just a summer vacation, though most people throughout the country maintain the tradition of visting family graves.
- 前項に定めるもののほか、前条第三項に規定する製品、容器等については、国民は、基本原則にのっとり、当該製品、容器等が循環資源となったものを同項に規定する事業者に適切に引き渡すこと等により当該事業者が行う措置に協力する責務を有する。
- In addition to the provisions in the preceding paragraph, with regard to the products, containers, etc. stipulated in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article, citizens are, pursuant to the Basic Principles, responsible for cooperating in measures implemented by relevant business operators, by delivering the products, containers, etc. that have become circulative resources properly to the business operators stipulated in that paragraph, and by other appropriate practices.
- 国歌と訳した後も、国歌は和歌と同義に使われていた言葉であったため、長らく漢詩に対するやまと言葉の国歌という意味の方が浸透した状態で、National anthemの意味するところは、なかなか国民一般の理解するところとならなかった。
- Even after it was translated as 'kokka,' because the word 'kokka' had been used in the same meaning as 'waka,' the meaning of poem in Japanese language opposing to kanshi (Chinese-style poem) prevailed and the meaning of national anthem could not be understood by people in general.
- 各地方のインフラ整備や都市の過密化が急激に進められ、四大公害病等の高度経済成長の影の面が顕在化してきていた当時、憩いの場としての自然を見直そうというこの構想は、国民から絶大な支持を得、以後、これを習って数々の自然歩道が整備された。
- At that time, induced by the drastic infrastructure development and urban congestion, negative impacts of the rapid economic growth, including four major pollution diseases, anticipated to become more serious, and therefore, when this project proposed the reevaluation of the nature as a space of relaxation, it gained the public overwhelming support, and since then, following this example, many nature trails has been constructed.
- 1947年に施行された日本国憲法及び皇室典範では、天皇の地位(皇位)は、主権の存する日本国民の総意にもとづくものとされ、皇位継承に関しては、皇統(系図上神武天皇の嫡流の子孫である血筋)に属する男系の男子が世襲するものと規定している。
- The Constitution of Japan and the Imperial House Act that took effect in 1947 provide that the position of Emperor (the Imperial Throne) is subject to consensus of Japanese citizens, and that, as for the Imperial succession, a son in the male line who belongs to the Imperial lineage (genealogically the direct descendant in the main branch of the family of Emperor Jinmu) should succeed to the throne.
- だが、星はこれを「条約改正を支持する自分に対する硬六派(国民協会_(日本)・立憲改進党ら)による嫌がらせでやましい所はない」として、これを拒否した(大日本帝国憲法下の議院法では衆議院議長は勅任官の扱いを受けて天皇に任免権があった)。
- However, HOSHI alleged this as harassment by Koroppa (the hard-line six parties, consisting of Kokumin Kyokai (National Association), the Constitutional Progressive Party and others) opposing him who supports for amendments of treaties, and claimed his own innocence, refusing to give up his position (according to the parliamentary law under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Emperor had rights to appoint and dismiss chairman of the House of representatives).
- 一方で、不平等条約上、有利な側にある国の国民が、不利な側にある国で犯罪を犯した際に、その国の裁判所にて裁くことができない状態となるため、治安問題が増大するという問題や、関税率の操作で貿易において不当に利益をあげ得る、などの問題がある。
- Meanwhile, there are some problems such as security matters are increased, or the people can gain unreasonable profits in trade due to manipulation of tariff rates, since the people of a country standing in a favorable position under the unequal treaty cannot be put on trial in the court of a country in an unfavorable position when the people have committed a crime in the latter country.
- 前二号に掲げるもののほか、国民経済上重要な原料又は材料であつて、その価格の変動が著しいために先物取引に類似する取引の対象とされる蓋然性が高いもの(先物取引又は先物取引に類似する取引の対象とされているものを含む。)として政令で定める物品
- In addition to what is listed in the preceding two items, ingredients or materials important for the national economy which are specified by a Cabinet Order as goods that are highly likely to be made subject to transactions similar to Futures Transactions as a result of the extreme fluctuation of their prices (including those that are already made subject to Futures Transactions or transactions similar thereto)
- 環境大臣は、前項の規定により生物多様性国家戦略の案を作成しようとするときは、あらかじめ、インターネットの利用その他の適切な方法により、国民の意見を反映させるために必要な措置を講ずるとともに、中央環境審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。
- When the Minister of the Environment intends to prepare a draft of the National Biodiversity Strategy pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall, in advance, take necessary measures to reflect citizens' opinions by means of the Internet or by any other appropriate methods, and hear the opinions of the Central Environment Council.
- この桂内閣に対し国民は怒り、また衆議院議員の尾崎行雄や犬養毅らは藩閥政治であるとして桂内閣を批判し、「閥族打破・憲政擁護」を掲げた第一次護憲運動が展開され第三次桂太郎内閣は組閣してからわずか53日で内閣総辞職に追い込まれた(大正政変)。
- The Katsura cabinet angered the Japanese people and drew criticism of oligarchic rule by Yukio OZAKI and Tsuyoshi INUKAI of the Lower House of the Imperial Diet, spurring the first Movement to Protect Constitutional Government aimed at 'doing away with the oligarchy and protecting constitutional rule' and ending with mass resignation of the cabinet after only 53 days (Taisho Political Crisis).
- 裁判官は、公の弾劾又は国民の審査に関する法律による場合及び別に法律で定めるところにより心身の故障のために職務を執ることができないと裁判された場合を除いては、その意思に反して、免官、転官、転所、職務の停止又は報酬の減額をされることはない。
- A judge shall not be removed or be transferred, or be suspended from performing his job,or have his salary reduced, against his will, except in accordance with the provisions of law concerning public impeachment or national referendum, or unless,, the judge is declared mentally or physically incompetent to perform his/her duties in accordance with provisions of applicable law.
- 公認会計士は、監査及び会計の専門家として、独立した立場において、財務書類その他の財務に関する情報の信頼性を確保することにより、会社等の公正な事業活動、投資者及び債権者の保護等を図り、もつて国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを使命とする。
- The mission of certified public accountants, as professionals on auditing and accounting, shall be to ensure matters such as the fair business activities of companies, etc. and the protection of investors and creditors by ensuring the reliability of financial documents and any other information concerning finance from an independent standpoint, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- 『種村直樹の新汽車旅相談室 汽車旅の基礎と運賃・料金篇』(自由国民社、1993年初版、ISBN 4426548012)には1992年ごろに「愛宕山ケーブル」という会社の電話番号が京都市内のタウンページに掲載されていたことが報告されている。
- The book 'Naoki TANEMURA's New Consulting Room for Train Travel - Basics of Train Travel and Fares and Fees' (first published in 1993 from Jiyu Kokumin sha, ISBN 4426548012) mentions that a telephone number of a company called 'Atagoyama Cable' was listed in the telephone directory for Kyoto City in 1992.
- 翌1887年(明治20年)、国民がこの案を知るところとなると、折からノルマントン号事件(1886年)で不平等条約の弊害が問題になっていたため、世論は激昂してこれを「国辱的な内容」と攻撃、全国的な民権運動が盛り上がった(三大事件建白運動)。
- In the next year, 1887, when people knew the proposal, they got furious (especially so because adverse effects of an unequal treaty were being discussed after the Normanton Incident [1886]) and attacked the proposal claiming that it was 'national disgrace,' and then the nation-wide democratic-rights movement was spread (the movement following sandaijiken-kenpaku [the petition for three major matters]).
- この法律の施行前日本に帰化した者の子で従前の国籍法第十五条第一項の規定によつて日本の国籍を取得したものは、第六条第四号の規定の適用については、日本に帰化した者とみなす。この法律の施行前日本国民の養子又は入夫となつた者も、また、同様である。
- For the application of the provision of the Nationality Act, Article 6, item (iv) for the child of a person naturalized in Japan before enforcement of this Act, which child having acquired Japanese nationality as provided for in the provisions of the former Nationality Act, Article 15, paragraph (1), that child shall be deemed naturalized in Japan. The same shall apply to a person who became an adopted child of or a man marrying a Japanese citizen before the enforcement of this Act.
- 国は、学校教育及び社会教育における生物の多様性に関する教育の推進、専門的な知識又は経験を有する人材の育成、広報活動の充実、自然との触れ合いの場及び機会の提供等により国民の生物の多様性についての理解を深めるよう必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The government shall take necessary measures to improve public understanding of biodiversity by promoting education relating to biodiversity in school education and social education, developing human resources with expert knowledge or experience, enriching public relations activities, providing places and opportunities to interact with nature and conducting other activities.
- 赤十字の標章及び名称等の使用の制限に関する法律(昭和二十二年法律第百五十九号)第一条の標章若しくは名称又は武力攻撃事態等における国民の保護のための措置に関する法律(平成十六年法律第百十二号)第百五十八条第一項の特殊標章と同一又は類似の商標
- is identical with, or similar to, the emblems or titles in Article 1 of the Act Concerning Restriction on the Use of Emblems and Titles of the Red Cross and Others (Act No.159 of 1947) or the distinctive emblem in Article 158(1) of the Act Concerning Measures to Protect Japanese Citizens During Armed Attacks and Others (Act No.112 of 2004);
- これに対して高山らの国体論は、当時広く浸透していた「家」を中心とする国民意識に基づき、「皇室は宗家にして臣民は末族なり」とし、宗家の家長たる天皇による日本(=「君臣一家」)の統治権を正当化する(高山「我国体と新版図」、『太陽』3巻22号)。
- On the contrary, the national polity theory of Takayama was based on pervasive public sense which put priority on 'family,' and insisted that 'the Imperial Family was a head family and subjects belonged to branch families,' the emperor regarded as a head of the family (= 'Imperial members and subjects belonged to the same family lime') had a right to rule Japan (Takayama's 'Our national polity and new territory,' 'the sun' No. 22, volume 3).
- 明治時代になると、明治政府の立場から天皇を中心とする国民国家を建設するため、国家主義的な歴史観が構築されていったが、それは大政奉還・王政復古を正当化する歴史観であり、そのため大化の改新・建武の中興・明治維新が最も重要な改革に位置づけられた。
- After the Meiji period, the Meiji government sought to establish a nation-state which set the emperor in the center of the nation. This produced a nationalistic view of history, which justified Taisei Hokan and Osei Fukko, and so the Taika Reforms, Kenmu no Chuko (=Kenmu restoration) and Meiji Restoration were ranked as the most important reforms.
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、食品の安全性の確保に関する教育及び学習の振興並びに食品の安全性の確保に関する広報活動の充実により国民が食品の安全性の確保に関する知識と理解を深めるために必要な措置が講じられなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, necessary measures for improving knowledge and understanding of ensuring Food safety among citizens shall be taken by promoting education and learning and improving public relations activities on ensuring Food safety.
- 国及び地方公共団体は、児童買春、児童ポルノの提供等の行為が児童の心身の成長に重大な影響を与えるものであることにかんがみ、これらの行為を未然に防止することができるよう、児童の権利に関する国民の理解を深めるための教育及び啓発に努めるものとする。
- The national and local governments shall endeavor to educate and enlighten the general public in order to deepen their understanding of the human rights of children and to prevent such activities as child prostitution or the provision of child pornography, in light of the fact that such activities seriously affect the sound development of children physically and mentally.
- それまでは、漁師、船乗りや、武士階級の間で武術として日本泳法があったに過ぎなかった水泳が、全国に海水浴場が開設され、国民皆泳の名の下に学校教育でも水泳が体育教科として取り上げられたことで、庶民の間に海水浴(水泳)の習慣が拡がる第一歩となった。
- Until then, swimming had been limited to fishermen, sailors and the samurai class as one of the military arts but the establishment of swimming beaches throughout Japan and the adoption of swimming as part of physical education at schools in the name of 'Kokumin Kaiei' (swimming for the whole nation) were the first steps toward the popularization of sea bathing (swimming) among commoners.
- この法律は、内外の経済的社会的環境に応じたエネルギーの安定的かつ適切な供給の確保に資するため、電気事業者による新エネルギー等の利用に関する必要な措置を講ずることとし、もって環境の保全に寄与し、及び国民経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to take necessary measures for new energy use by operators of electric utilities with an aim to contribute to the stable and appropriate supply of energy in accordance with the domestic and global economic and social environment, thereby contributing to environmental protection and the sound development of the national economy.
- しかし、2004年には当時流行した健康食品のエゴマが、このスチロール製カップを溶かすとして話題となり、国民生活センターが調査を行った所、このしそ油をカップに入れ、100度の熱湯を注いだ際に一定の溶解が見られたため、消費者に注意を呼びかけている。
- However, a health food Egoma which was popular in 2004 became a major talking point because it would melt this styrofoam cup, and NCAC (National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan) examined and alerted consumers because a certain amount of it melted when putting this beefsteak plant oil into a cup and pouring hot water of 100 degrees.
- なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
- There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of 'Modern Japanese History,' by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
- 創設当初にあった徴兵免除の規定も徐々に縮小・廃止され、1889年に大改正が行われ、ほぼ国民皆兵制となった(ただし、中等学校以上の卒業後に志願したものは現役期間を1年としたり、師範学校を出て教員になったものは現役6週間とするなどの特例があった)。
- The initial exemption conditions of conscription were gradually reduced or abolished and,in 1889, a major revision was made for universal conscription (however, there were special cases, for example, those who volunteered after graduating from secondary school or higher education served for one year and those who became teacher after graduating from school for teacher training served for six weeks.)
- 期間の末日が日曜日、土曜日、国民の祝日に関する法律(昭和二十三年法律第百七十八号)に規定する休日、一月二日、一月三日又は十二月二十九日から十二月三十一日までの日に当たるときは、これを期間に算入しない。ただし、時効期間については、この限りでない。
- When the last day of a period falls on a Sunday, Saturday, a national holiday prescribed in the Act Concerning National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948), January 2nd, January 3rd or December 29th - 3lst, it shall not be included in the period; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the period of prescription.
- 台湾では戦後、国共内戦に破れ遷台した中国国民党が、それまで台湾に住む本省人を弾圧(白色テロ、1947年に発生した二・二八事件はその最大規模のものである。)、大陸反攻を国是とし軍事を優先とした政策を実施したため、台湾のインフラ整備は後回しにされた。
- In postwar Taiwan, the Kuomintang Party, which was defeated by communist forces in the Chinese civil war and moved to Taiwan, suppressed the native-born Taiwanese who had been living in Taiwan before the Kuomintang related immigration wave (the White Terror and the 228 incident in 1947 was the largest scale suppression) and developed the military-first policy with the national credo of 'counterattack the mainland,' and as a result, the development of the infrastructure in Taiwan was put on the back-burner.
- 国民は、基本原則にのっとり、生物の多様性の重要性を認識するとともに、その日常生活に関し、外来生物を適切に取り扱うこと及び生物の多様性に配慮した物品又は役務を選択すること等により、生物の多様性に及ぼす影響の低減及び持続可能な利用に努めるものとする。
- Citizens shall, with the purport of the fundamental principles, recognize the importance of biodiversity and endeavor to reduce impacts on biodiversity and to achieve sustainable use by handling alien species in an appropriate manner and choosing biodiversity-friendly goods or services in their daily life.
- 国民に対する水産物の安定的な供給については、世界の水産物の需給及び貿易が不安定な要素を有していることにかんがみ、水産資源の持続的な利用を確保しつつ、我が国の漁業生産の増大を図ることを基本とし、これと輸入とを適切に組み合わせて行われなければならない。
- Stable supply of marine products to the citizens shall, in view of the world's marine products supply and demand and trade have some uncertainties, be secured, while maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resources, by increased domestic fishery production as a base in an appropriate combination with import.
- 要約すると、「日本のように他国よりも資源に富み、勤勉な国民により産業が発達している国、つまり自給自足で豊かな国が、何も求めるものの無い外国人からの奸悪・貪婪・詐欺・戦争などから守るために、門戸を閉ざすのは適切で、そうするべきである」というものであった。
- The following is a summary of KAEMPFER's book: 'Japan enjoys having a developed industry due to having its own resources and a more diligent nation than other countries; in other words, Japan is rich for its self-sufficiency, and it is reasonable and recommendable for Japan to close the diplomatic door to protect itself from snares of wicked deeds, greed, fraud and wars laid by foreigners without resources.'
- 公署は旧台北市役所(現在の中華民国行政院)に設置され、国民政府代表の陳儀、葛敬恩、柯遠芬、黄朝琴、游弥堅、宋斐如、李万居の他、台湾住民代表として林献堂、陳炘、林茂生、日本側代表として安藤利吉及び諫山春樹が参加し、ここに日本による台湾統治は終焉を迎えた。
- The administrative office was established in the former Taipei municipal office (today's Executive Yuan of the Republic of China) and with Yi CHEN, Jing-en GE, Yuan-fen KE, Chao-qin HUANG, Mi-jian YOU, Fei-ju SUNG and Wan-ju LI representing the National government, Xiantang LIN, Xin CHEN and Mao-sheng LIN on behalf of the residents of Taiwan and Rikichi ANDO and Haruki ISAYAMA representing Japan, the ruling of Taiwan by Japan ended.
- この法律は、特定原動機及び特定特殊自動車について技術上の基準を定め、特定特殊自動車の使用について必要な規制を行うこと等により、特定特殊自動車排出ガスの排出を抑制し、もって大気の汚染に関し、国民の健康を保護するとともに生活環境を保全することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to reduce emissions from non-road special motor vehicles and thereby protect the health of the people from air pollution and preserve their living environment, through setting technical standards for specified engines as well as non-road special motor vehicles and imposing necessary regulations on the use of non-road special motor vehicles, among other measures.
- また、神風によって日本が救われたという出来事は「神国思想」(=日本は神国なのだから負けるはずがないという考え)を日本人に広く浸透させ、それが太平洋戦争末期の日本軍や国民思想の非合理性の温床となり、神風特別攻撃隊をはじめ数々の悲劇を生んだとも言われている。
- It is also said that the event in which Kamikaze saved Japan led Japanese to widely believe in 'Shinkoku Shiso' (the idea that Japan will never lose because it is a country protected by the gods), which became the grounds for the irrational idea held by the Japanese army and people at the end of the Pacific War, causing many tragedies, including Kamikaze Special Attack Units.
- 国は、裁判外紛争解決手続の利用の促進を図るため、裁判外紛争解決手続に関する内外の動向、その利用の状況その他の事項についての調査及び分析並びに情報の提供その他の必要な措置を講じ、裁判外紛争解決手続についての国民の理解を増進させるように努めなければならない。
- The government shall, with the objective of promoting the use of alternative dispute resolution, research and analyze the trends, use, and other matters of alternative dispute resolution procedures at home and abroad, provide relevant information, and take other necessary measures, thereby endeavoring to familiarize the public with alternative dispute resolution.
- 政府は当初、伝統宗教の権威と地盤を以ってキリスト教防御と維新後の新体制を国民に教導する考えであったが、近代国家の樹立の為には政教分離と信教の自由を国家の基本方針として盛り込むことは避けられず、また西洋諸国との外交関係に於いてキリスト教の禁制解除は不可欠となった。
- At first, the Meiji government intended to keep citizens away from the influence of Christianity and to educate them on the new systems made by the new government renewed after the Meiji Restoration with authority and foundations of the Japanese traditional religion; however, the separation of religion and politics and the freedom of religion were essential policies in order to establish a modernized nation, and the cancellation of a ban on Christianity was indispensable to maintain the diplomatic relationships with Western countries.
- 国は、地方公共団体が策定し、又は実施する個人情報の保護に関する施策及び国民又は事業者等が個人情報の適正な取扱いの確保に関して行う活動を支援するため、情報の提供、事業者等が講ずべき措置の適切かつ有効な実施を図るための指針の策定その他の必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- In order to support the measures for the protection of personal information formulated or implemented by local governments and the activities performed by citizens, entities, and others to ensure the proper handling of personal information, the State shall provide information, formulate guidelines to ensure the appropriate and effective implementation of measures to be taken by entities and others, and take any other necessary measures.
- 即ち天照大神の末裔である天皇が現人神として君臨し、万世一系と天照大神の神勅のもとに永久に統治を行い、これを支え続けてきた皇室、更にこれに臣属した諸神の末裔である国民との緊密な結合と全ての政治は神事をもって第一とする理念によって神々の加護が永遠に約束された国家の事。
- Called the descendants of the Sun Goddess who reigned and ruled the government under the eternal oracle of god in an unbroken line, due to such a government, Shinkoku means the nation promised to be forever protected by god by having belief in the Imperial family to support such a government, and also nation who were descendants of various gods that have a close relationship with politics and Shinto rituals.
- 台湾人の就学率は当初緩慢な増加であったが、義務教育制度が施行されると急速に上昇、1944年の台湾では国民学校が944校設置され、就学児童数は876,000人(女子を含む)、台湾人児童の就学率は71.17%、日本人児童では90%を越える世界でも高い就学率を実現した。
- Though the initial enrollment rate for Taiwanese children was slow to increase, it showed a sharp increase with the implementation of the compulsory education system; In 1944, there were 944 elementary schools in Taiwan with 876,000 children (including girls) enrolled and the enrollment rates of Taiwanese children and the Japanese children in Taiwan were 71.17% and 90% respectively, which figures indicated the high enrollment rate in the world.
- 第一項の規定は、実演・レコード条約の締約国(実演家等保護条約の締約国を除く。)であつて、実演・レコード条約第十五条(3)の規定により留保を付している国の国民をレコード製作者とするレコードに固定されている実演に係る実演家については、当該留保の範囲に制限して適用する。
- In the case of a performer whose performance is fixed in a phonogram the producer of which is a national of a country [(a)] which is a contracting state to the WPPT (excluding, however, a contracting state to the Convention for the Protection of Performers, etc.) and [(b)] which has made certain reservations pursuant to the provisions of Article 15 (3) of the WPPT, the provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply, within the limitations of the reservations so made.
- ところが、大正政変の際に大正天皇より公家出身の立憲政友会総裁西園寺公望に対して第3次桂内閣への内閣不信任案を撤回させて政友会を内閣に協力させるように勅命が出されたものの、政友会の代議士達は自分達は日本国民の代表であるとして西園寺に突き返させた(1913年2月9日)。
- In the Taisho Political Crisis, Emperor Taisho issued an imperial command that Kinmochi SAIONJI, president of Rikkenseiyukai (a political party originally organized by Hirobumi ITO) should withdraw a parliamentary motion of non-confidence against the cabinet related to the 3rd Katsura Cabinet and urge Seiyukai to collaborate with the Katsura Cabinet, but the parliamentarians of the Seiyukai made Saionji return the imperial command for the reason that the parliamentarians were the representatives of the Japanese nation (February 9, 1913.)
- 前項に規定する事項のほか、内閣総理大臣は、差止請求関係業務に関する情報を広く国民に提供するため、インターネットの利用その他適切な方法により、適格消費者団体の名称及び住所並びに差止請求関係業務を行う事務所の所在地その他内閣府令で定める必要な情報を公表することができる。
- The Prime Minister may make public the name and the address of a qualified consumer organization, the location of the office where services involved in demand of an injunction are conducted or any other necessary information provided by Cabinet Office Ordinance, in addition to the matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph, by means of the Internet and other appropriate means, in order to provide information pertaining to services involved in demand of an injunction widely to the citizens.
- 国土交通大臣は、第一項の規定により広域地方計画を定めようとするときは、あらかじめ、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、国民の意見を反映させるために必要な措置を講ずるとともに、次条第一項の広域地方計画協議会における協議を経て、関係各行政機関の長に協議しなければならない。
- When the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism intends to formulate a Regional Plan pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1, he/she shall in advance take necessary measures to reflect the opinions of the public pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, as well as pass through conference of the Regional Plan Council set forth in the next Article, paragraph 1, and confer with the head of each relevant administrative organ.
- 裁判所が、裁判官の全員一致で、公の秩序又は善良の風俗を害する虞があると決した場合には、対審は、公開しないでこれを行ふことができる。但し、政治犯罪、出版に関する犯罪又はこの憲法第三章で保障する国民の権利が問題となつてゐる事件の対審は、常にこれを公開しなければならない。
- Where a court unanimously determines publicity to be dangerous to public order or morals, a trial may be conducted privately, but trials of political offenses, offenses involving the press or cases wherein the rights of people as guaranteed in Chapter III of this Constitution are in question shall always be conducted publicly.
- 国は、国民が生物の多様性に配慮した物品又は役務を選択することにより、生物の多様性に配慮した事業活動が促進されるよう、事業活動に係る生物の多様性への配慮に関する情報の公開、生物の多様性に配慮した消費生活の重要性についての理解の増進その他の必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The government shall disclose information on considerations to biodiversity pertaining to business activities, improve understanding of the importance of biodiversity-friendly consumption life and take other necessary measures, to ensure that biodiversity-friendly business activities are promoted as citizens choose biodiversity-friendly goods or services.
- なぜなら、明治時代前期の欧化政策以来、政府は数々の優遇措置をもって国民に洋酒を紹介し、国産洋酒の生産や消費を促してきたわけだが、その延長線上にやってきたのは結局「そろそろ舌になじんだころだろうから本場、外国産の洋酒をどんどん買ってくれ」というべき状況だったからである。
- This was because the government had introduced foreign liquors with various preferential treatments and promoted to produce and consume foreign liquors made in Japan since the Westernization policy in the early part of the Meiji period, which finally resulted in the situation that 'buy foreign liquors made in foreign countries because you have already gotten used to the taste.'
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、国民の食生活を取 り巻く環境の変化に即応して食品の安全性の確保のために必要な措置の適切かつ有効な実施を図るため、食品の安全性の確保に関する国の内外の情報の収集、整 理及び活用その他の必要な措置が講じられなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, necessary measures such as the collection, arrangement, and utilization of internal and external information about ensuring Food safety, shall be taken to appropriately and effectively implement the necessary measures for ensuring Food safety in response to changes in the environment surrounding dietary habits of citizens.
- 前項に規定 する事項のほか、内閣総理大臣は、差止請求関係業務に関する情報を広く国民に提供するため、インターネットの利用その他適切な方法により、適格消費者団体 の名称及び住所並びに差止請求関係業務を行う事務所の所在地その他内閣府令で定める必要な情報を公表することができる。
- The Prime Minister may make public the name and the address of a qualified consumer organization, the location of the office where services involved in demand of an injunction are conducted or any other necessary information provided by Cabinet Office Ordinance, in addition to the matters prescribed in the preceding paragraph, by means of the Internet and other appropriate means, in order to provide information pertaining to services involved in demand of an injunction widely to the citizens.
- たとえば、日本では徳川家康など君主の子孫がどうなったかを知らない者などいないのに対して、アメリカ国民がジョージ・ワシントンの子孫が現在どうしているかということをほとんど知らないということについて不思議に思ったことなどを書き残している(ちなみに、ワシントンに子孫はいない)。
- He wrote that he was surprised to know that the American people knew almost nothing about what became of the descendants of George Washington, while every Japanese knew what became of descendants of their monarchs, including Ieyasu TOKUGAWA (George Washington had no descendants.)
- しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
- However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.
- 国宝(こくほう、英語:National treasures)とは日本の文化財保護法によって国が指定した有形文化財(重要文化財)のうち、世界文化の見地から価値の高いものでたぐいない国民の宝たるものであるとして国(文部科学省)が指定したものである(文化財保護法第27条第2項)。
- The term 'national treasures' ('kokuho' in Japanese) refers to those buildings, artworks or other items, among the larger group designated tangible cultural assets (important cultural properties) by Japan's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (according to the second item listed under article 27 of the law), that possess great cultural worth from the viewpoint of world culture, as well as those buildings, artworks or other items, considered peerless treasures by Japan's citizens, that are designated as such by the state (specifically, by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology).
- 特に国民協会が帝国党に衣替えした際に、一部が分裂してこれに従わずに自由党の後継政党である憲政党や藩閥官僚(伊藤博文系)とともに立憲政友会を結成したことによって、政友会とその反対党という構図へと変化を見せ、「吏党」・「民党」という言葉は完全に意味を成さないものになっていった。
- When the Kokumin Kyokai turned over to Teikokuto (Imperialist party), some members broke off from the group and and formed the Seiyukai (Association of Friends of Constitutional Government) together with the Kenseito (Constitutional Party), which was the incoming party of the Jiyuto, and the Hanbatsu Kanryo (domain government officials, a political party of Hirobumi ITO), and soon the political layout was mostly the Seiyukai against their opponents, that the terms 'Rito' and 'Minto' eventually lost their original meaning..
- 独立行政法人国民生活センター及び地方公共団体は、内閣府令で定めるところにより、適格消費者団体の求めに応じ、当該適格消費者団体が差止請求権を適切に行使するために必要な限度において、当該適格消費者団体に対し、消費生活相談に関する情報で内閣府令で定めるものを提供することができる。
- In response to the request of a qualified consumer organization and pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance, Incorporated Administrative Agency National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan and local public entities shall provide the qualified consumer organization with such information related to consumer affairs consultation as provided for by a Cabinet Office Ordinance, to the extent necessary for the qualified consumer organization to properly exercise its right to demand an injunction.
- 前項の規定は、実演家等保護条約の締約国については、当該締約国であつて、実演家等保護条約第十六条1(a)(i)の規定に基づき実演家等保護条約第十二条の規定を適用しないこととしている国以外の国の国民をレコード製作者とするレコードに固定されている実演に係る実演家について適用する。
- As far as the Contracting States of the Convention for the Protection of Performers, etc. are concerned, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to a performer whose performance is fixed in a phonogram the producer of which is a national of a country which is a Contracting State, other than a Contracting State which, pursuant to the provisions of Article 16 (1) (a) (i) of said Convention, has declared that it will not apply the provisions of Article 12 of said Convention.
- ただ、近年では未曾有の大飛散と予測された2005年のスギ花粉症のシーズン前には、各省庁が連携して広報などの対策に当たり、厚労省では公開のシンポジウムも開催したが、国を挙げての統一した施策・政策を打ち出して国民の期待に応えることはなく、シーズンが過ぎてからは目立った動きはない。
- However in recent years, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare held an open symposium to encourage all government agencies to work together with regard to countermeasures such as bulletins prior to the 2005 Japanese cedar pollinosis season in which unprecedentedly high airborne pollen levels were forecast but it was unable to finalize any unified national policies or meet public expectations, and the season passed without any visible initiatives.
- この法律は、動物の虐待の防止、動物の適正な取扱いその他動物の愛護に関する事項を定めて国民の間に動物を愛護する気風を招来し、生命尊重、友愛及び平和の情操の涵養に資するとともに、動物の管理に関する事項を定めて動物による人の生命、身体及び財産に対する侵害を防止することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to engender a spirit for animal welfare among citizens and contribute to the development of a respect for life and sentiments of amity and peace by providing for the prevention of cruelty to animals, the proper handling of animals and other matters concerning animal welfare, as well as to prevent animals from causing an infringement on the life, body or property of humans by providing for matters concerning the management of animals.
- また、日本の経済成長が進み、水泳パンツが廉価で入手できるようになったことや、国民所得が上昇したことで、個性を求めて、ファッション性のある水着が求めらるようになり、臀部が露出する褌は恥ずかしいと、下着と同様、1960年代頃(昭和30年半ば頃)から、褌は若者から次第に廃れて行った。
- Furthermore, because cheap swimming trunks became available with the progress of Japan's economic growth, and because Japanese people, with increased national income, started to want fashionable swimwear as an appeal of their individuality, and in 1960s young people gradually ceased to wear fundoshi, ashamed of exposing their buttocks.
- …抑モ東京ハ帝国ノ首都ニシテ政治経済ノ枢軸トナリ国民文化ノ源泉トナリテ民衆一般ノ瞻仰スル所ナリ一朝不慮ノ災害ニ罹リテ今ヤ其ノ旧形ヲ留メスト雖依然トシテ我国都タル地位ヲ失ハス是ヲ以テ其ノ善後策ハ独リ旧態ヲ回復スルニ止マラス進ンテ将来ノ発展ヲ図リ以テ巷衢ノ面目ヲ新ニセサルヘカラス…
- 'Tokyo is the capital of the empire and the political and economic center, and the source of Japan's culture. Tokyo suffered an enormous disaster this time and can not cling to its old situation, but still holds status as capital of the empire, therefore, it is necessary not only to restore it to what it used to be but also have it undergo a complete new transformation.'
- 独立行政法人国民生活センター及び地方公共団体は、内閣府令で定めると ころにより、適格消費者団体の求めに応じ、当該適格消費者団体が差止請求権を適切に行使するために必要な限度において、当該適格消費者団体に対し、消費生 活相談に関する情報で内閣府令で定めるものを提供することができる。
- In response to the request of a qualified consumer organization and pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance, Incorporated Administrative Agency National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan and local public entities shall provide the qualified consumer organization with such information related to consumer affairs consultation as provided for by a Cabinet Office Ordinance, to the extent necessary for the qualified consumer organization to properly exercise its right to demand an injunction.
- 厚生労働大臣は、家畜から人に伝染するおそれが高いと認められる家畜の伝染性疾病の発生又はまん延により国民の健康に影響を与えるおそれがあると認めるときは、この法律の規定による家畜の伝染性疾病の発生の予防又はまん延の防止のための措置の実施に関し、農林水産大臣に意見を述べることができる。
- The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may, when deeming it likely that the outbreak or spread of a domestic animal infectious disease that is deemed highly likely to be transmitted from domestic animals to human beings will exert an impact on the health of the citizens, make a statement of opinion to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries concerning the implementation of measures aimed at preventing the outbreak or spread of domestic animal infectious diseases under the provisions of this Act.
- 元日は国民の祝日となっているが、官公庁は12月29日から1月3日までを休日としており、一般企業でもこれに準じていることが多い(銀行などの金融機関は、12月31日から1月3日までを(現金自動預け払い機等を除いて)休日とすることが多く、システムメンテナンスを行うため長くなる事もある)。
- Although only ganjitsu is a national holiday, governmental offices are closed from December 29th to January 3rd and many ordinary companies follow this schedule and close during this period (while many financial institutions such as banks are closed from December 31 to January 3rd [except their ATMs, etc.] and this period may be extended for system maintenance.)
- 特定事業の選定については、公共施設等の整備等における公共性及び安全性を確保しつつ、事業に要する費用の縮減等資金の効率的使用、国民に対するサービスの提供における行政のかかわり方の改革、民間の事業機会の創出その他の成果がもたらされるようにするとともに、民間事業者の自主性を尊重すること。
- As for the selection of a Qualified Project, it should bring effects such as efficient use of funds such as reduction of costs for the project, reform of public administration in service provision for citizens, and creation of business opportunity for private-sector, while ensuring their public nature and safety in provision of Public Facility etc. At the same time, due autonomy of private business operators shall be respected.
- 国民皆兵を理念とはしたが、体格が基準に達しない者や病気の者などは除かれ、また制度の当初、「一家の主人たる者」や「家のあとを継ぐ者」、「嗣子並に承祖の孫」(承継者)、「代人料(270円)を支払った者」、「官省府県の役人、兵学寮生徒、官立学校生徒」、「養家に住む養子」は徴兵免除とされた。
- Though the idea was universal conscription, those who did not meet the physical standard or were ill were exempted, and the other exemptions included 'masters of the family,' 'heirs,' 'grandsons to succeed directly from their grandfather' (collectively successors,) 'those who had paid proxy fee (270 yen),' 'officials of central and local governments, students of military schools and public schools,' and 'adopted children living in their foster parents.'
- この他、調査局を通じて行われる国会向けのサービスには国立国会図書館の一般の所蔵資料のうちの議会・法令関係資料の管理・提供や法令の索引作成、国会会議録のデータベース化などがあり、これらは国立国会図書館の閲覧室、出版活動、インターネット送信などを通じて、一般の国民に対しても提供されている。
- Other Services for the Diet conducted by the Research Bureau include the management and provision of parliamentary and regulatory related materials among the general materials housed in the NDL; the preparation of indexes of laws, regulations and bills; and the creation of database for the minutes of the Diet, etc.; these services have been made available to the general public in the reading rooms of the NDL, through publications, via the Internet, etc.
- その頃、司法卿江藤新平は箕作麟祥によるナポレオン法典の邦訳を支援して、同法典の直輸入の検討も含めた早期の民法制定を指示して、太政官や司法省を中心に何度か民法の案が作成された(1870年の「民法決議」、1872年の「皇国民法仮規則」、同年の「司法省民法全議」、1873年の「民法仮規則」)。
- About that time Shinpei ETO, who was the administrator of the Ministry of Justice and supported Rinsho MITSUKURI in translating the Code Napoleon, issued an instruction for the enactment of the Civil Code as early as possible; the Civil Code included reviews of the direct import of the Code Napoleon, and some drafts of the Civil Code were made mainly by the Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and the Ministry of Justice (these included the 'Minpo Ketsugi' (Civil Law resolution) in 1870, 'Kokoku Minpo Kari Kisoku' (Tentative Rule of Imperial Civil Law) in 1872, 'Shihosho Minpo Zengi' (all Justice Department resolutions on Civil Law) in 1872, and 'Minpo Kari Kisoku' (Tentative Rule of Civil Law) in 1873).
- 国は、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関する施策を適正に策定し、及び実施するため、関係省庁相互間の連携の強化を図るとともに、地方公共団体、事業者、国民、民間の団体、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関し専門的な知識を有する者等の多様な主体と連携し、及び協働するよう努めるものとする。
- The government shall, for the purpose of properly formulating and implementing policies for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, aim at strengthening mutual coordination among relevant ministries and agencies, and endeavor to coordinate and cooperate with diversified bodies, including local governments, businesses, citizens, private bodies and persons who have expert knowledge about conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
- 国内に所在する財産で国内に居住する者が所有するものに係る遺言若しくは死因贈与に関する法律事件又は国内に所在する財産で死亡の時に国内に居住していた者が所有していたものについての遺産の分割、遺産の管理その他の相続に関する法律事件で、その当事者として日本国民が含まれるものについての代理及び文書の作成
- representation or the preparation of documents regarding a legal case concerning a will or a gift on donor's death regarding an asset located in Japan and owned by a person who resides in Japan or a legal case concerning the division of the estate, or administration of the estate, or other matters of inheritance regarding an asset located in Japan and owned by a person who resided in Japan at the time of death, and in which a Japanese national is involved as a party.
- 最高裁判所は、裁判の迅速化を推進するため必要な事項を明らかにするため、裁判所における手続に要した期間の状況、その長期化の原因その他必要な事項についての調査及び分析を通じて、裁判の迅速化に係る総合的、客観的かつ多角的な検証を行い、その結果を、二年ごとに、国民に明らかにするため公表するものとする。
- In order to clarify the matters required for promoting the expediting of trials, the Supreme Court shall conduct a comprehensive, objective, and multilateral review of the expediting of trials through investigation and analysis of the conditions of the length of time required for the proceedings at the court, the causes for prolonged proceedings and other necessary matters, and shall publish the results every two years to make them clear to the people.
- 市来四郎の『丁丑擾乱記』には、「世人、これ(桐野)を武断の人というといえども、その深きを知らざるなり。六年の冬掛冠帰省の後は、居常国事の救うべからざるを憂嘆し、皇威不墜の策を講じ、国民をして文明の域に立たしめんことを主張し、速に立憲の政体に改革し、民権を拡張せんことを希望する最も切なり」とある。
- In 'The Record of the Disturbance in 1877' (Teichu Joranki) by Shiro ICHIKI he was described as 'Although people say he (Kirino) was a militarist, they do not know his profound idea. After he resigned and returned home in the winter of 1873, he always worried that the affairs of state could not be corrected, thought up measures to prevent the degradation of the imperial authority and insisted that it was necessary to enlighten the people. And most of all, he wished to establish the constitutional state and expand people's rights.'
- こ の法律は、犯罪被害者等のための施策に関し、基本理念を定め、並びに国、地方公共団体及び国民の責務を明らかにするとともに、犯罪被害者等のための施策の 基本となる事項を定めること等により、犯罪被害者等のための施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進し、もって犯罪被害者等の権利利益の保護を図ることを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by providing the Basic Principles of the measures for Crime Victims, clarifying the responsibilities of the State, Local governments, and the citizens, and defining matters that will be a base of the measures for Crime Victims, to promote the measures for Crime Victims comprehensively and systematically, and thereby to protect their rights and profits.
- 国は、広く国民があらゆる機会を通じてエネルギーに対する理解と関心を深めることができるよう、エネルギーに関する情報の積極的な公開に努めるとともに、営利を目的としない団体の活用に配慮しつつ、エネルギーの適切な利用に関する啓発及びエネルギーに関する知識の普及に必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
- The State shall endeavor to actively disclose information on energy for allowing citizens to increase their understanding of and interest in energy through all kinds of opportunities, and shall endeavor to make the necessary arrangements for raising public awareness of appropriate energy use and disseminating knowledge of energy, while considering utilization of nonprofit organizations.
- しかし学会設立の要因に際しては、先述のような東京大学内部の事情のみならず、当時大日本帝国憲法草案をほぼ完成していた伊藤博文が渡辺洪基(総長)に対し「大(おおい)ニ国家学ノ研究ヲ振興シ、普(あまね)ク国民ヲシテ立憲ノ本義ト其運用トヲ知ラシムルコトガ極メテ必要デアル」と助言したこと大きく関わっている。
- However, as for the factor of foundation of it, not only internal circumstances at the University of Tokyo previously noted, but also that Hirobumi ITO who almost completed a draft of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan at that time advised to Koki WATANABE (president), 'The study on the science of the nation should be immensely encouraged, and we extremely need to inform people of underlying principle and implementation of constitution widely.' were deeply related to.
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、食品を摂取するこ とにより人の健康に悪影響が及ぶことを防止し、及び抑制するため、国民の食生活の状況その他の事情を考慮するとともに、前条第一項又は第二項の規定により 食品健康影響評価が行われたときは、その結果に基づいて、これが行われなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, it shall be conducted for the purpose of preventing and restraining the adverse effect of Food ingestion on human health, in consideration of the dietary habits of citizens and other circumstances, and on the basis of the results of the Assessment of Effect of Food on Health if conducted in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding article.
- これらの指定物件(いわゆる「旧国宝」)は文化財保護法施行の日である1950年(昭和25年)8月29日付けをもってすべて「重要文化財」に指定されたものと見なされ、その「重要文化財」の中から「世界文化の見地から価値の高いもの」で「たぐいない国民の宝」たるものがあらためて「国宝」に指定されることとなった。
- All of the designated items (the 'old' national treasures) were relabeled 'important cultural properties' on August 29, 1950, the day the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into effect, while within that larger group of important cultural properties, those items considered to possess great cultural worth from the viewpoint of world culture, as well as those items considered peerless treasures by Japan's citizens, were re-designated 'national treasures.'
- 食品の安全性の確保に関する施策の策定に当たっては、当該施策の策定に 国民の意見を反映し、並びにその過程の公正性及び透明性を確保するため、当該施策に関する情報の提供、当該施策について意見を述べる機会の付与その他の関 係者相互間の情報及び意見の交換の促進を図るために必要な措置が講じられなければならない。
- In formulating policies to ensure Food safety, necessary measures for promoting the mutual exchange of information and opinions among persons or parties concerned, such as provision of information concerning the policies and the granting of opportunities to comment on those policies, shall be taken to reflect public opinion in the formulation of the policies and to ensure the transparency and fairness of the process.
- 外国貿易及び国民経済の健全な発展を図るため、我が国が締結した条約その他の国際約束を誠実に履行するため、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するため、又は第十条第一項の閣議決定を実施するため、貨物を輸入しようとする者は、政令で定めるところにより、輸入の承認を受ける義務を課せられることがある。
- For the purpose of achieving the sound development of foreign trade and the national economy, sincerely fulfilling obligations under the treaties and other international agreements Japan has signed, making Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace, or implementing a cabinet decision set forth in Article 10, paragraph 1, any person who intends to import goods may be obliged to obtain import approval pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order.
- 同宣言には「日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スベシ」「言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルベシ」等と定められたため、ダグラス・マッカーサー率いる連合国軍最高司令官総司令部(GHQ/SCAP)は、大日本帝国憲法の改正を日本政府に求めた。
- According to the sentences of the declaration, 'the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people' and 'Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established,' the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP) led by Douglas MACARTHUR demanded modification of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 1月1日の寅の刻(午前4時ごろ)に、天皇が綾綺殿で黄櫨染御袍(こうろぜんのごほう:みかどの朝服)を召され、清涼殿東庭に出御して天皇の属星(ぞくしょう:誕生年によって定まるという人間の運命を司る北斗七星のなかの星)、天地四方の神霊や父母の天皇陵などの方向を拝し、その年の国家・国民の安康、豊作などを祈った。
- On January 1, torano koku (at about four o'clock in the morning), the Emperor, wearing Korozen no go-ho at Ryoki-den, came to the east garden of Seiryo-den and prayed for his Zokusho (one of the stars of the Big Dipper, which is said to have destiny depending on the year in which the person was born) and spirits in every direction, or the direction of his parents' Imperial Mausoleum, whereupon he wished for the peace and security of the nation and good harvests for the coming year.
- 父又は母が前条第一項の規定により日本の国籍を取得したときは、子(日本国民であつた者を除く。)は、同項に定める期間内に、法務省令で定めるところにより法務大臣に届け出ることによつて、日本の国籍を取得することができる。ただし、その父又は母が養親であるとき、又は出生の後に認知した者であるときは、この限りでない。
- If a father or mother has acquired Japanese nationality pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, paragraph (1), the child (excluding a child who was once a Japanese citizen) may acquire Japanese nationality within the time period set forth in the said paragraph through notification to the Minister of Justice pursuant to the provisions of the Ordinances of the Ministry of Justice; provided, however, that this shall not apply if said father or mother is an adoptive parent or said child was acknowledged after the time of birth.
- しかし江戸時代後期を中心に生じたものには実用性が必ずしも高くないものも少なくなく、一流派ですべての水勢に対して必要な泳法を備えるものはないとされ、1932年、文部省の指示によって日本水上競技連盟は在来の泳法のうち重要なものを採択し、スピードを主とした競技泳法を加えて「標準泳法」とし、国民必修のものとした。
- However, those started in the late Edo period were not always practical, and considered that a school could not cope with all the different forces of water, and so in 1932, Japan Aquatic Competition Federation (forerunner of Japan Swimming Federation) selected important ones from the conventional styles, designating them to be 'standard styles of swimming' including competitive styles focused on speed, setting them as a compulsory subject at schools.
- だが、その一方で西南戦争以後民権派に反政府運動・民党の主導権を握られてきた国粋主義者を中心とした外交問題を軸とした政界再編構想の一環とも言え、本来親政府の吏党である筈の国民協会から普通選挙を掲げる急進民権派である東洋自由党までを巻き込んで、ゆくゆくは国粋主義を軸とした統一政党化も視野に入れた動きでもあった。
- Meanwhile, however, the movement was also, in a sense, part of the plan to create a national political realignment focusing on foreign affairs among nationalists in particular, who allowed popular rights groups to take the initiative in the anti-government movement Minto (political parties including the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party) since the Seinan War (a local war by Satsuma ex-samurai against the Meiji government); In other words, it also represented a political trend to unify all political parties with nationalism at the core in the future by involving the parties from the Kokumin Kyokai, a Rito which was fundamentally a pro-government political party, to the Toyo Jiyuto, a radical popular rights party which advocated universal suffrage.
- 国は、容器包装廃棄物の減量及び容器包装に係る資源の有効利用を図るために再商品化に要する費用を商品の価格に適切に反映させることが重要であることにかんがみ、その費用の円滑かつ適正な転嫁に寄与するため、この法律の趣旨及び内容について、広報活動等を通じて国民に周知を図り、その理解と協力を得るよう努めなければならない。
- In view of the fact that it is important to reflect expenses required for recycling in the price of goods in order to reduce waste containers and packaging and achieve the effective utilization of resources pertaining to containers and packaging, the state shall endeavor to obtain public understanding and cooperation by making public the purpose and content of this Act through publicity activities, etc. in order to contribute to smooth and proper shifting of expenses.
- 綱紀審査会は、弁護士会が第五十八条第四項の規定により対象弁護士等を懲戒しない旨の決定をし、かつ、日本弁護士連合会がこれに対する懲戒請求者による異議の申出を却下し、又は棄却する決定をした場合において、なお懲戒請求者からの申出があるときに、国民の意見を反映させて懲戒の手続の適正を確保するため必要な綱紀審査を行う。
- If a Discipline Requesting Party files a request for a review of a matter regarding which a bar association had issued a ruling not to discipline the Accused Attorney, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 58, paragraph (4), and to which the Japan Federation of Bar Associations had issued a ruling dismissing or rejecting the Discipline Requesting Party's objection to the bar association's ruling, the Board of Discipline Review shall reflect the public opinion of Japan and conduct discipline reviews as necessary to ensure that disciplinary procedures are appropriate.
- 国は、国民が、その使用に係る製品等が循環資源となったものが分別して回収されることに協力すること、当該循環資源に係る次項に規定する引取り及び引渡し並びに循環的な利用の適正かつ円滑な実施に協力すること等により当該循環資源について適正に循環的な利用及び処分が行われることを促進するよう、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures so that citizens may promote the appropriate cyclical use and disposal of circulative resources through cooperation in separate collection of their used products, etc. which have become circulative resources, cooperation in the appropriate and smooth execution of such collection, delivery and recycling of circulative resources as stipulated in the following paragraph, and other cooperative actions.
- 国は、国民が海洋についての理解と関心を深めることができるよう、学校教育及び社会教育における海洋に関する教育の推進、海洋法に関する国際連合条約その他の国際約束並びに海洋の持続可能な開発及び利用を実現するための国際的な取組に関する普及啓発、海洋に関するレクリエーションの普及等のために必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures, in order that citizens shall have a better understanding of and deeper interests in the oceans, to promote school education and social education with regard to the oceans, propagation and enlightenment of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other international agreements as well as international efforts to realize the sustainable development and use of the oceans, and popularization of ocean recreation.
- しかし東京都が首都とみなされる理由としては、日本国憲法で「日本国の象徴であり日本国民統合の象徴」と規定される天皇が常在し、皇居が東京都に所在すること、同じく憲法で国会(立法府)、首相官邸や中央省庁(行政府)、最高裁判所(司法府)という三権の最高機関のいずれもが東京都(中でも千代田区)に所在することが挙げられる。
- As for reasons supporting that Tokyo is regarded the Capital of Japan, two are generally given: the Emperor who is prescribed by Japanese Constitution as 'the symbol of Japan and the symbol of Japanese people's integration' is permanently stationed and the Imperial Palace is located in Tokyo, and also the highest organs of the three powers ruled by Japanese Constitution such as the Diet (legislature), the prime minister's official residence and central government ministries and agencies (administration) and the Supreme Court (administration of justice) are located in Tokyo (they are especially concentrated in Chiyoda Ward).
- この法律は、国家公務員たる職員について適用すべき各般の根本基準(職員の福祉及び利益を保護するための適切な措置を含む。)を確立し、職員がその職務の遂行に当り、最大の能率を発揮し得るように、民主的な方法で、選択され、且つ、指導さるべきことを定め、以て国民に対し、公務の民主的且つ能率的な運営を保障することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to establish basic standards (including adequate measures to protect the welfare and interest of officials) which shall be applicable to all officials who are national public servants and by providing that officials shall be so selected and guided through democratic means as to achieve maximum efficiency in the performance of public duties, guarantee citizens democratic and efficient performance of those duties.
- 国の機関、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人の内部又は相互間における審議、検討又は協議に関する情報であって、公にすることにより、率直な意見の交換若しくは意思決定の中立性が不当に損なわれるおそれ、不当に国民の間に混乱を生じさせるおそれ又は特定の者に不当に利益を与え若しくは不利益を及ぼすおそれがあるもの
- Information concerning deliberations, examinations or consultations internally conducted by or mutually conducted between state organs, Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc., local public entities and Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies, where disclosure is likely to cause unjust harm to the open exchange of opinions or the neutrality of decision making, cause unjust confusion among citizens, or bring unjust advantages or disadvantages to specific individuals.
- 国の機関、独立行政法人等、地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人の内部又は相互間における審議、検討又は協議に関する情報であって、開示することにより、率直な意見の交換若しくは意思決定の中立性が不当に損なわれるおそれ、不当に国民の間に混乱を生じさせるおそれ又は特定の者に不当に利益を与え若しくは不利益を及ぼすおそれがあるもの
- Information concerning deliberations, examinations or consultations internally conducted by or mutually conducted between state organs, Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc., local public entities and Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies, where disclosure is likely to cause unjust harm to the open exchange of opinions or the neutrality of decision making, cause unjust confusion among citizens, or bring unjust advantages or disadvantages to specific individuals
- 法務大臣は、選択の宣言をした日本国民で外国の国籍を失つていないものが自己の志望によりその外国の公務員の職(その国の国籍を有しない者であつても就任することができる職を除く。)に就任した場合において、その就任が日本の国籍を選択した趣旨に著しく反すると認めるときは、その者に対し日本の国籍の喪失の宣告をすることができる。
- In cases where a Japanese citizen having made the selection declaration and not having lost foreign nationality appoints the post of a public officer (with the exception of a post that may be appointed by a person not having the nationality of that country) at his/her own discretion, the Minister of Justice may pronounce a judgment of loss of Japanese nationality if it is found that the appointment of the post is markedly contrary to the purpose of the selection of Japanese nationality.
- こ の法律は、特定目的会社又は特定目的信託を用いて資産の流動化を行う制度を確立し、これらを用いた資産の流動化が適正に行われることを確保するとともに、 資産の流動化の一環として発行される各種の証券の購入者等の保護を図ることにより、一般投資者による投資を容易にし、もって国民経済の健全な発展に資する ことを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to facilitate investment by general investors, by establishing a system for implementing Asset Securitization through the Specific Purpose Companies and Specific Purpose Trusts and by securing the proper implementation of Asset Securitization by Specific Purpose Companies and Specific Purpose Trusts, as well as by ensuring the protection of the purchasers of various types of securities issued as a part of Asset Securitization, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- 法務大臣は、認証紛争解決手続の業務に関する情報を広く国民に提供するため、法務省令で定めるところにより、認証紛争解決事業者の氏名又は名称及び住所、当該業務を行う事務所の所在地並びに当該業務の内容及びその実施方法に係る事項であって法務省令で定めるものについて、インターネットの利用その他の方法により公表することができる。
- In order to provide the public with information on the services of certified dispute resolution, the Minister of Justice may, as provided for by a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, disclose through the Internet or other means the name and address of certified dispute resolution business operators, the location of the office where the services are being carried out, and the contents of the services and the operation method thereof, as provided for by a Ministry of Justice Ordinance.
- この声明書の中で、「これまでの朝鮮の歴史の悲劇は自分達が招いたことであり、我が国の皇帝陛下と日本天皇陛下に懇願し、朝鮮人も日本人と同じ一等国民の待遇を享受して、政府と社会を発展させようではないか」と、大韓帝国と大日本帝国が新たに一つの政治機関を設立し、大韓帝国と大日本帝国が対等合邦して一つの大帝国を作るように求めた。
- In the statement, it says 'Tragedies in Korean history are our own fault, so we would like to plead to our Emperor and the Emperor of Japan to give Koreans the opportunity to enjoy the same treatment as the first class citizens of Japan. We ask the Japanese to develop our government and society' and suggest the Korean Empire and the Empire of Japan establish a new unified political body together and create a new empire by equal merger of both Empires.
- フランスでは、1980年代に「日蓮正宗(創価学会)」の名称でセクトとする報告が国民議会へ提出されたこともあるが、1996年の新しい報告書において該当部分は創価学会インタナショナルと書き改められており、日蓮正宗と創価学会を分離した上で判断を下しているが、一部の民間団体では創価学会と同様のセクトと主張する団体も存在する。
- In France, there was a report on the official name of 'Nichiren Shoshu Sect' (Soka Gakkai) as a sect submitted to the National Assembly in the 1980's, however it was revised to Soka Gakkai International in new report in 1996, the decision was made after the consideration of separating Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai, but there is a group exist in one part of private group insisting Nichiren Shoshu Sect as sect, same as Soka Gakkai.
- しかし、これらの政党は対外政策では一定の一致をみていたものの、国内政策では国粋主義的な大日本協会や国民協会から自由民権運動の中でも急進派である東洋自由党まで幅広い勢力を含んでいたために、政府あるいは衆議院第2党の自由党 (明治)あるいは後に同党と伊藤博文系官僚勢力が合同した立憲政友会に対する批判でしか一致をみなかった。
- Although these political parties agreed certain points in external policy, in the internal policy these parties, which included nationalistic Dainihon Association, National Association, and the East Liberal Party which was a leftist among the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, agreed each other only in the point of criticism against the government, the Liberal Party which was the second party of House of Representatives (in Meiji Period), or the Rikken seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO) which was established from the alliance of the Liberal Party and the governmental bureaucratic in the side of Hirobumi ITO.
- この法律は、容器包装廃棄物の排出の抑制並びにその分別収集及びこれにより得られた分別基準適合物の再商品化を促進するための措置を講ずること等により、一般廃棄物の減量及び再生資源の十分な利用等を通じて、廃棄物の適正な処理及び資源の有効な利用の確保を図り、もって生活環境の保全及び国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, by taking measures to promote reduction of waste containers and packaging discharged and the sorted collection thereof as well as the recycling of waste containers and packaging which are obtained through sorted collection, etc., that conform to the sorting standards, to ensure proper management of waste and effective use of resources through reduction of municipal solid waste and adequate use of recyclable resources, thereby contributing to the preservation of the living environment and the sound development of the national economy.
- こ の法律は、産業集積が地域経済の活性化に果たす役割の重要性にかんがみ、企業立地の促進等による地域における産業集積の形成及び活性化のために地方公共団 体が行う主体的かつ計画的な取組を効果的に支援するための措置を講ずることにより、地域経済の自律的発展の基盤の強化を図り、もって国民経済の健全な発展 に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, in consideration of the significance of the role played by industrial clusters in developing local economies, to strengthen the foundation of the self-sustaining growth of local economies by taking necessary measures to effectively assist independent and planned efforts being made by local public entities for the formation and development of regional industrial clusters through promotion of the establishment of new business facilities, etc., and thereby contribute to the sound development of the national economy.
- この法律による規制及び規制のための調査は、第一条に規定する目的を達成するために必要な最小限度においてのみ行うべきであつて、いやしくも権限を逸脱して、思想、信教、集会、結社、表現及び学問の自由並びに勤労者の団結し、及び団体行動をする権利その他日本国憲法の保障する国民の自由と権利を、不当に制限するようなことがあつてはならない。
- The control and investigations for control under this Act shall be conducted only to the minimum extent necessary to achieve the purpose prescribed in Article 1, and shall not under any circumstances whatsoever be carried out, in deviation from the prescribed authority, to unlawfully infringe freedom of thought, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of expression, academic freedom, the right of workers to organize and act collectively, or any other liberty or right of the people which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan.
- 特定事業は、国及び地方公共団体と民間事業者との責任分担の明確化を図りつつ、収益性を確保するとともに、国及び地方公共団体の民間事業者に対する関与を必要最小限のものとすることにより民間事業者の有する技術及び経営資源、その創意工夫等が十分に発揮され、低廉かつ良好なサービスが国民に対して提供されることを旨として行われなければならない。
- When a Qualified Project is implemented, the sharing of responsibility between the national government and local governments, on the one hand, and private business operators, on the other hand shall be clearly defined, profitability of the project shall be maintained, and interference with private business operators from the national government and local governments shall be kept to a minimum in order to fully utilize the technology and managerial resources and innovation etc. of private business operators, for the purpose of providing affordable and good services to the citizens.
- 日本独立の1952年(昭和27年)から復活運動がおき、1958年(昭和33年)に国会への議案提出があり、1966年(昭和41年)に国民の祝日に関する法律が改正され、さらに佐藤栄作内閣によりs建国記念の日となる日を定める政令(昭和41年政令第376号)として再制定され、1967年(昭和42年)2月11日建国記念の日として実施された。
- A movement to revive the holiday started with the independence of Japan in 1952 – in 1958 a bill was submitted to Parliament, in 1966 the Public Holiday Law was revised, then the cabinet of Eisaku SATO issued a cabinet order (cabinet order no. 376, 1966) to re-establish the day as National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi), which was enforced on February 11, 1967.
- こ の法律は、内外におけるエネルギーをめぐる経済的社会的環境に応じた燃料資源の有効な利用の確保に資するため、工場等、輸送、建築物及び機械器具について のエネルギーの使用の合理化に関する所要の措置その他エネルギーの使用の合理化を総合的に進めるために必要な措置等を講ずることとし、もつて国民経済の健 全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, with the aim to contribute to securing the effective utilization of fuel resources according to the economic and social environment concerning energy in and outside Japan, to take the measures required for the rational use of energy with regard to factories, etc., transportation, buildings, and machinery and equipment as well as other necessary measures, etc. for comprehensively promoting the rational use of energy, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- それでも、犬養毅(立憲国民党非改革派→革新倶楽部)などの様にあくまでも民衆の代表であるという意識から「民党」という言葉に拘る政治家も存在したが、やがて自由党系と伊藤博文系官僚による立憲政友会と立憲改進党系と桂太郎派による立憲同志会(後の憲政会→立憲民政党)の2大政党に収斂されていくにつれて、民党という言葉は過去のものとなっていった。
- Although there were some politicians such as Tsuyoshi INUKAI (a member of the non-reform group in the Constitutional National Party who later found the Club of Innovation) and others who associated the word 'Minto' with representatives of people, but the word 'Minto' faded away as the movement to reorganize political parties concentrated on two major parties called the Constitutional Party of Political Friends consisting of the Liberal Party and government officials under Hirobumi ITO the Constitutional Association of Friends (it became the Constitutional Association afterwards and changed into the Constitutional Democratic Party) with the Constitutional Progressive Party and the group of Taro KATSURA,
- 内閣総理大臣及び都道府県知事は、公益法人の活動の状況、公益法人に対して行政庁がとった措置その他の事項についての調査及び分析を行い、必要な統計その他の資料の作成を行うとともに、公益法人に関するデータベースの整備を図り、国民にインターネットその他の高度情報通信ネットワークの利用を通じて迅速に情報を提供できるよう必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The Prime Minister and the prefectural governor shall research and analyze the situation of activity by public interest corporations, measures taken by the administrative agency regarding public interest corporations and other matters, shall prepare necessary statistics and other materials, shall make efforts to maintain the database concerning public interest corporations and shall take necessary measures so that information can be provided to the citizen promptly by using the Internet and other advanced information and communications networks.
- こ の法律は、行政機関が行う政策の評価に関する基本的事項等を定めることにより、政策の評価の客観的かつ厳格な実施を推進しその結果の政策への適切な反映を 図るとともに、政策の評価に関する情報を公表し、もって効果的かつ効率的な行政の推進に資するとともに、政府の有するその諸活動について国民に説明する責 務が全うされるようにすることを目的とする。
- It is the purpose of this Act to promote the objective and rigorous implementation of Policy evaluation and to reflect the results of this evaluation in the planning and development of Policy, and to publicize information on Policy evaluation by providing for basic matters regarding Policy evaluation carried out by Administrative Organs, with a view to promoting effective and efficient administration, and ensuring the Government's proper discharge of its responsibility to remain accountable to the public for its operations.
- 国は、事業者が、その事業活動に係る製品、容器等が廃棄物等となることが抑制され、又は当該製品、容器等が循環資源となった場合においてこれについて適正に循環的な利用及び処分が行われるために必要なその材質又は成分、その処分の方法その他の情報を、その循環的な利用及び処分を行う事業者、国民等に提供するよう、規制その他の必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take regulatory and other necessary measures to ensure that business operators will provide information on the materials or substances in the products, containers, etc. involved in their business activities, the methods of their disposal, and other matters necessary to prevent or reduce the generation of wastes, etc. of such products, containers, etc., or to ensure their cyclical use and disposal when they have become circulative resources, to business operators engaged in their cyclical use and disposal, to citizens, etc.
- この法律は、国土の自然的条件を考慮して、経済、社会、文化等に関する施策の総合的見地から国土の利用、整備及び保全を推進するため、国土形成計画の策定その他の措置を講ずることにより、国土利用計画法(昭和四十九年法律第九十二号)による措置と相まつて、現在及び将来の国民が安心して豊かな生活を営むことができる経済社会の実現に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote the use, improvement and conservation of national land, from a comprehensive viewpoint of policies for the economy, society, culture, etc., with consideration for natural conditions of national land, by formulating National Spatial Strategies and taking other measures, in combination with measures by the National Land Use Planning Act (Act No. 92 of 1974), and thereby contributing to the realization of the economy and society in which present and future citizens can live rich lives with peace of mind.
- 国民は、基本原則にのっとり、製品をなるべく長期間使用すること、再生品を使用すること、循環資源が分別して回収されることに協力すること等により、製品等が廃棄物等となることを抑制し、製品等が循環資源となったものについて適正に循環的な利用が行われることを促進するよう努めるとともに、その適正な処分に関し国及び地方公共団体の施策に協力する責務を有する。
- Citizens are, pursuant to the Basic Principles, responsible for making efforts to prevent or reduce the generation of wastes from products, etc. and to promote appropriate cyclical use of the products, etc. that have become circulative resources, as well as for cooperating with the State and local governments regarding policies and measures on the proper disposal of such products, etc., by using products as long as possible, using recycled articles, and cooperating in the separation and collection of circulative resources, etc.
- 指定化学物質等取扱事業者は、第一種指定化学物質及び第二種指定化学物質が人の健康を損なうおそれがあるものであること等第二条第二項各号のいずれかに該当するものであることを認識し、かつ、化学物質管理指針に留意して、指定化学物質等の製造、使用その他の取扱い等に係る管理を行うとともに、その管理の状況に関する国民の理解を深めるよう努めなければならない。
- A Business Operator Handling a Designated Chemical Substance, etc., recognizing that a Class I Designated Chemical Substance or a Class II Designated Chemical Substance falls under one of the items of Article 2, paragraph 2 as being something that poses a risk of being injurious to human health and paying attention to the Chemical Substance Management Guidelines, shall manage the manufacture, use, or other handling of the Designated Chemical Substance, etc. and endeavor to promote the understanding of citizens about the circumstances surrounding such management.
- その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された(ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている)。
- After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
- この法律は、国際的に協力して生物の多様性の確保を図るため、遺伝子組換 え生物等の使用等の規制に関する措置を講ずることにより生物の多様性に関する条約のバイオセーフティに関するカルタヘナ議定書(以下「議定書」という。) の的確かつ円滑な実施を確保し、もって人類の福祉に貢献するとともに現在及び将来の国民の健康で文化的な生活の確保に寄与することを目的とする。
- This Act shall have the purpose of ensuring the precise and smooth implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter referred to as 'the Protocol'), thereby contributing to the welfare of humankind and helping to assure healthy cultural lives for the people now and in the future, by devising measures to regulate the use of living modified organisms in order for the conservation and the sustainable use of biological diversity through international cooperation.
- 国は、事業者、国民又はこれらの者の組織する民間の団体(次項において、「民間団体等」という。)が自発的に行う循環資源に係る回収活動、循環資源の譲渡又は交換のための催しの実施、製品、容器等が循環資源となった場合にその循環的な利用又は処分に寄与するものであることを表示することその他の循環型社会の形成に関する活動が促進されるように、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- The State shall take necessary measures to encourage voluntary activities for establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society by business operators, citizens, or non-government organizations organized by them (called 'non-government organizations, etc.' in the following paragraph), including such activities as collecting circulative resources, holding gatherings for the transfer or exchange of circulative resources, and indicating contributions to the cyclical use and disposal of products, containers, etc. when they have become circulative resources.
- この法律において「特定事業」とは、公共施設等の整備等(公共施設等の建設、改修、維持管理若しくは運営又はこれらに関する企画をいい、国民に対するサービスの提供を含む。以下同じ。)に関する事業(市街地再開発事業、土地区画整理事業その他の市街地開発事業を含む。)であって、民間の資金、経営能力及び技術的能力を活用することにより効率的かつ効果的に実施されるものをいう。
- The term 'Qualified Project' as used in this Act means a project (including an urban redevelopment project, a land readjustment project, and another urban development project) involving the provision etc. of Public Facility etc. (which mean construction, rehabilitation, maintenance or operation of Public Facility etc, or planning of them, and include provision of services to the citizens; the same shall apply hereinafter), which is carried out more efficiently and effectively by utilizing private finance, management abilities and technical capabilities.
- 政治面においては選挙や言論・集会・結社の自由に関しての運動、外交面においては生活に困窮した国民への負担が大きい海外派兵の停止を求めた運動、社会面においては男女平等、部落差別解放運動、団結権、ストライキ権などの獲得運動、文化面においては自由教育の獲得、大学の自治権獲得運動、美術団体の文部省支配からの独立など、様々な方面から様々な自主的集団による運動が展開された。
- There was a wide range of movements organized by a variety of groups organized voluntarily in various areas of society, such as political movements calling for elections and for freedom of speech, assembly and association, the drive in the area of foreign policy opposing dispatch of troops to other countries that imposed a huge burden on citizens in poverty, movement in society demanding gender equality, liberation and non-discrimination of 'buraku' people, and winning rights of association and labor strikes, and in the cultural sphere movements calling for free education, self-autonomy of universities and independence of art associations from the rule of the Ministry of Education.
- この法律は、特定商取引(訪問販売、通信販売及び電話勧誘販売に係る取 引、連鎖販売取引、特定継続的役務提供に係る取引並びに業務提供誘引販売取引をいう。以下同じ。)を公正にし、及び購入者等が受けることのある損害の防止 を図ることにより、購入者等の利益を保護し、あわせて商品等の流通及び役務の提供を適正かつ円滑にし、もつて国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的と する。
- The purpose of this Act is to protect the interests of purchasers, etc. and to achieve appropriate and smooth distribution of goods, etc. and offer of services by ensuring fairness in Specified Commercial Transactions (transactions of Door-to-Door Sales, Mail Order Sales, and Telemarketing Sales, Multilevel Marketing Transactions, transactions of Specified Continuous Service Offers, and Business Opportunity Related Sales Transactions; hereinafter the same) and preventing damages that may be caused to the purchasers, etc., so as to contribute to the sound development of the national economy.
- この法律の施行の際現に外国の国籍を有する日本国民は、第一条の規定による改正後の国籍法(以下「新国籍法」という。)第十四条第一項の規定の適用については、この法律の施行の時に外国及び日本の国籍を有することとなつたものとみなす。この場合において、その者は、同項に定める期限内に国籍の選択をしないときは、その期限が到来した時に同条第二項に規定する選択の宣言をしたものとみなす。
- For the application of the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Nationality Act after the revision provided for in the provision in Article 1 (hereinafter referred to as 'New Nationality Act'), a Japanese citizen currently having foreign nationality at the time of enforcement of this Act shall be deemed as having foreign and Japanese nationality at the time of the enforcement of this Act. In such cases, said person shall be deemed to have made the selection declaration provided in said Article, paragraph (2) when the assigned time arrives if said person has not selected a nationality within the assigned time as set forth in said Article, paragraph (1).
- 民党との「政費節減」・「海軍予算」を巡る攻防では、明治天皇よりの「和衷協同」詔勅と内廷費300万円と官吏の俸禄1割削減を条件に妥協を成立させて予算案を通過させ、続いて条約改正交渉末期に差し掛かって民党(立憲改進党)や右翼(国民協会、大日本協会など)の間で高まる対外硬派の動きに対しては2度の衆議院解散をもって対抗して、日英通商航海条約締結による治外法権の撤廃に成功する。
- In the battle over 'government cost-cutting' and 'budget for navy' with minto, he reached a compromise based on the imperial rescript of 'Wachukyodo (work together in the same spirit)' from Emperor Meiji, 3 million yen of daily living expenses, and 10% cut of salary for government officials to pass the budget, and subsequently opposed to movement of Taigaikoha (hard-line group against foreign countries) which were rising among a minto party (the Constitutional Progressive Party) and right-wing groups (including National Association and Great Japan Association) toward the end of negotiation for treaty revision by dissolution of the House of Representatives twice, and successfully removed exterritoriality by conclusion of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.
- この法律は、科学技術の発展、国際化の進展その他の国民の食生活を取り巻 く環境の変化に適確に対応することの緊要性にかんがみ、食品の安全性の確保に関し、基本理念を定め、並びに国、地方公共団体及び食品関連事業者の責務並び に消費者の役割を明らかにするとともに、施策の策定に係る基本的な方針を定めることにより、食品の安全性の確保に関する施策を総合的に推進することを目的 とする。
- In consideration of the vital importance of precise responses to the development of science and technology, and to the progress of internationalization and other changes in the environment surrounding Japan's dietary habits, the purpose of this Act is to comprehensively promote policies to ensure food safety by establishing basic principles, by clarifying the responsibilities of the national and local governments, and food-related business operators and the roles of consumers, and establishing a basic direction for policy formulation, in order to ensure food safety.
- こ の法律は、企業内容等の開示の制度を整備するとともに、金融商品取引業を行う者に関し必要な事項を定め、金融商品取引所の適切な運営を確保すること等によ り、有価証券の発行及び金融商品等の取引等を公正にし、有価証券の流通を円滑にするほか、資本市場の機能の十全な発揮による金融商品等の公正な価格形成等 を図り、もつて国民経済の健全な発展及び投資者の保護に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, inter alia, by developing systems for disclosure of corporate affairs and other related matters, providing for necessary matters relating to persons who engage in Financial Instruments Business and securing appropriate operation of Financial Instruments Exchanges, to ensure fairness in, inter alia, issuance of the Securities and transactions of Financial Instruments, etc. and to facilitate the smooth distribution of Securities, as well as to aim at fair price formation of Financial Instruments, etc. through the full utilization of functions of the capital market, thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy and protection of investors.
- この法律は、自動車製造業者等及び関連事業者による使用済自動車の引取り及び引渡し並びに再資源化等を適正かつ円滑に実施するための措置を講ずることにより、使用済自動車に係る廃棄物の減量並びに再生資源及び再生部品の十分な利用等を通じて、使用済自動車に係る廃棄物の適正な処理及び資源の有効な利用の確保等を図り、もって生活環境の保全及び国民経済の健全な発展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to ensure that waste from End-of-Life Vehicles is properly disposed of and that resources are used effectively through reduction of the amount of waste from End-of-Life Vehicles, and Recycling and sufficiently using the recycled parts of such End-of-Life Vehicles. This is to be accomplished by having Vehicle Manufacturers, etc. and Operators of Related Businesses collect and deliver the End-of-Life Vehicles, and by devising means of Recycling, etc. End-of-Life Vehicles in an appropriate and smooth manner, thereby contributing to the preservation of the environment and the development of a sound national economy.
- 国は、自らの事務及び事業に関し、温室効果ガスの排出の量の削減並びに吸収作用の保全及び強化のための措置を講ずるとともに、温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等のための地方公共団体の施策を支援し、及び事業者、国民又はこれらの者の組織する民間の団体(以下「民間団体等」という。)が温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等に関して行う活動の促進を図るため、技術的な助言その他の措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
- The national government shall take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to maintain and improve greenhouse gas absorption with regard to its own administration and undertakings, support the programs of local government bodies for the control of greenhouse gases, and endeavor to provide technical advice and other measures to promote activities by businesses, citizens, and private groups organized by businesses or citizens (hereinafter referred to as 'private entities') with regard to the control of greenhouse gases.
- この中で日蓮は災害の原因を人々が正法である法華経を信じずに浄土宗などの邪法(邪悪な教え)を信じているからであるとして対立宗派を非難し、法華経だけではなく鎮護国家の聖典とされた金光明最勝王経なども引用しながら、このまま浄土宗などを放置すれば国内では内乱、外国からは侵略を受けると唱え、逆に正法である法華経を中心とすれば(「立正」)、国家も国民も安泰となる(「安国」)と主張したのである。
- In his treatise, Nichiren criticized other competing Buddhist sects, arguing that these sects, including Jodoshu (Pure Land Buddhism), which led people to believe in false teachings (evil teachings) other than the Lotus Sutra, the only true teachings of Buddhism, were the reason for the disasters, that leaving Jodoshu and other heretical sects unattended would lead to a civil war in Japan and invasion by foreign countries and that the only way to provide the nation and the people with peace and security would be to establish the Lotus Sutra as the true religion.
- もとより、犯罪等による被害について第一義的責任を負うのは、加害者である。しかしながら、犯罪等を抑止し、安全で安心して暮らせる社会の実現を図る責務を有する我々もまた、犯罪被害者等の声に耳を傾けなければならない。国民の誰もが犯罪被害者等となる可能性が高まっている今こそ、犯罪被害者等の視点に立った施策を講じ、その権利利益の保護が図られる社会の実現に向けた新たな一歩を踏み出さなければならない。
- The primary responsibility for harm caused by Crimes should be borne by perpetrators. However, we, who are responsible for preventing Crimes and securing a society where citizens can live safely in peace, should also listen to Crime Victims. Now that everybody has a higher probability to become a Crime Victim, it is required to make policies from the Crime Victims' viewpoints, and to make a step forward to realize a society where their rights and profits are well protected.
- 行政機関は、その所掌に係る政策について、適時に、その政策効果(当該政策に基づき実施し、又は実施しようとしている行政上の一連の行為が国民生活及び社会経済に及ぼし、又は及ぼすことが見込まれる影響をいう。以下同じ。)を把握し、これを基礎として、必要性、効率性又は有効性の観点その他当該政策の特性に応じて必要な観点から、自ら評価するとともに、その評価の結果を当該政策に適切に反映させなければならない。
- An Administrative Organ shall study and acquire information on the Effects of Policy (i.e. the effect which a set of activities it carried out or intends to carry out has or is expected to have on the lives of people and/or society and the economy; the same shall apply hereinafter) under its jurisdiction at the appropriate time, and on the basis of such study, evaluate own Policy from the standpoints of necessity, efficiency, effectiveness, or other standpoints as special characteristics of the said Policy may require, and appropriately reflect results of such evaluation in the planning and development of the said Policy.
- 国土交通大臣は、前項の規定により全国計画の案を作成しようとするときは、あらかじめ、国土交通省令で定めるところにより、国民の意見を反映させるために必要な措置を講ずるとともに、環境大臣その他関係行政機関の長に協議し、都道府県及び指定都市(地方自治法(昭和二十二年法律第六十七号)第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市をいう。以下同じ。)の意見を聴き、並びに国土審議会の調査審議を経なければならない。
- When intending to make a draft of the National Plan pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism shall, in advance, take necessary measures to reflect the opinions of the public pursuant to the provision of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, as well as confer with the Minister of Environment and the heads of other relevant administrative organs, hear the opinions of prefectures and designated cities (referring to the ordinance-designated cities set forth in the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), Article 252-19, paragraph 1; the same shall apply hereinafter), and pass through the study and deliberation of the National Land Council.
- この法律は、大学、高等専門学校、大学共同利用機関及び国の試験研究機関等における技術に関する研究成果の民間事業者への移転の促進を図るための措置を講ずることにより、新たな事業分野の開拓及び産業の技術の向上並びに大学、高等専門学校、大学共同利用機関及び国の試験研究機関等における研究活動の活性化を図り、もって我が国産業構造の転換の円滑化、国民経済の健全な発展及び学術の進展に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to contribute to facilitation of the transformation of our State's industrial structure, to the sound development of the national economy and to advancement of learning, as a result of efforts to develop new business fields, improve industrial technologies and vitalize research activities at universities, national colleges of technology, inter-university research institutes and national research and development institutes, etc. by means of measures to promote transfers of research result related to technologies to private business operators.
- 内閣は、第三条に掲げる倫理原則を踏まえ、職員の職務に係る倫理の保持を図るために必要な事項に関する政令(以下「国家公務員倫理規程」という。)を定めるものとする。この場合において、国家公務員倫理規程には、職員の職務に利害関係を有する者からの贈与等の禁止及び制限等職員の職務に利害関係を有する者との接触その他国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止に関し職員の遵守すべき事項が含まれていなければならない。
- The Cabinet shall provide for a Cabinet Order concerning necessary matters for the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials, taking into account the ethical principles listed in Article 3 (hereinafter referred to as the 'National Public Service Ethics Code'). In this case, the National Public Service Ethics Code shall include the matters which the officials should observe concerning the prevention of acts that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens such as contacting with those who have interests with the duties of the officials such as the prohibitions and restrictions of receiving gifts, etc. from those who have interests in the duties of the officials.
- こ の法律は、貸金業が我が国の経済社会において果たす役割にかんがみ、貸金業を営む者について登録制度を実施し、その事業に対し必要な規制を行うとともに、 貸金業者の組織する団体を認可する制度を設け、その適正な活動を促進するほか、指定信用情報機関の制度を設けることにより、貸金業を営む者の業務の適正な 運営の確保及び資金需要者等の利益の保護を図るとともに、国民経済の適切な運営に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act shall be, in light of the role of the money lending business in Japan's economy and society, to implement a system for registration of persons who engage in the money lending business and to enforce the necessary regulations on their business, and also to establish a system for authorization of associations organized by money lenders and to promote proper business activities thereby, as well as to establish a system for designated credit bureaus, thereby ensuring the proper management of business operations performed by persons who engage in the money lending business, so as to protect the interests of persons Seeking funds, etc. and contribute to the proper management of the national economy.
- こ の法律は、投資信託又は投資法人を用いて投資者以外の者が投資者の資金を主として有価証券等に対する投資として集合して運用し、その成果を投資者に分配す る制度を確立し、これらを用いた資金の運用が適正に行われることを確保するとともに、この制度に基づいて発行される各種の証券の購入者等の保護を図ること により、投資者による有価証券等に対する投資を容易にし、もつて国民経済の健全な発展に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, inter alia, by establishing a system whereby persons other than investors collect investors' funds and invest them mainly in securities, etc. by using investment trusts or investment corporations, and distribute the results thereof to the investors, and by ensuring investment trusts' and investment corporations' appropriate investment of funds, as well as taking measures to protect the purchaser, etc. of the securities issued under the system, in order to facilitate investors' investments in securities, etc., thereby contributing to the sound development of the national economy.
- こ の法律は、商品取引所の組織、商品市場における取引の管理等について定め、その健全な運営を確保するとともに、商品市場における取引等の受託を行う者の業 務の適正な運営を確保すること等により、商品の価格の形成及び売買その他の取引並びに商品市場における取引等の受託を公正にするとともに、商品の生産及び 流通を円滑にし、もつて国民経済の適切な運営及び商品市場における取引等の委託者の保護に資することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to ensure fairness in the price formation, buying and selling and other transactions in connection with commodities and in the brokerage of Transactions on Commodity Markets, etc. and to facilitate the production and distribution of Commodities by securing the sound management of Commodity Exchanges, securing the proper management of the business of persons who broker Transactions on Commodity Markets, etc. and by achieving other conditions through making stipulations about the organization of Commodity Exchanges, management of Transactions on Commodity Markets and other matters, thereby contributing to the appropriate management of the national economy and to the protection of customers of Transactions on Commodity Markets, etc.
- 締約国、政府間機関又は同盟国に対する品種登録出願に相当する出願(以下「締約国出 願」と総称する。)をした者又はその承継人(日本国民、締約国等若しくは同盟国に属する者又は日本国、締約国等若しくは同盟国に住所若しくは居所(法人に あっては、営業所)を有する者に限る。) 締約国出願のうち最先の出願をした日(以下「締約国出願日」という。)の翌日から一年以内に当該締約国出願に係 る品種につき品種登録出願をする場合
- a person who has filed an equivalent application (s) to the application for variety registration in a State Party, an Intergovernmental Organization Party or a Member State (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'application in a State Party') or his/her successor in title (limited to a Japanese national, a person belonging to a Contracting Party or a Member State, or a person having a domicile or residence (in the case of a juridical person, business office) in Japan, a Contracting Party or a Member State): where the person or his/her successor in title files an application for variety registration in relation to the variety pertaining to the said application in a State Party, within one year from the day following the date of filing of the first application in a State Party (hereinafter referred to as 'date of application in a State Party'); or
- 海洋については、海洋の開発及び利用が我が国の経済社会の存立の基盤であるとともに、海洋の生物の多様性が確保されることその他の良好な海洋環境が保全されることが人類の存続の基盤であり、かつ、豊かで潤いのある国民生活に不可欠であることにかんがみ、将来にわたり海洋の恵沢を享受できるよう、海洋環境の保全を図りつつ海洋の持続的な開発及び利用を可能とすることを旨として、その積極的な開発及び利用が行われなければならない。
- With regard to the oceans, in consideration of the fact that the development and use of the oceans are the basis of existence for the economy and society of our State, and that securing the marine biological diversity and conserving other better marine environment are the basis of the existence of mankind and also indispensable for prosperous and affluent lives of the citizenry, the positive development and use of the oceans shall be executed, aiming at allowing for the sustainable development and use of the oceans with conservation of marine environment in order to enjoy the benefit of the oceans in the future.
- 国は、青少年をはじめ広く国民があらゆる機会を通じてものづくり基盤技術に対する関心と理解を深めるとともに、ものづくり基盤技術に関する能力を尊重する社会的気運が醸成されるよう、小学校、中学校等における技術に関する教育の充実をはじめとする学校教育及び社会教育におけるものづくり基盤技術に関する学習の振興、ものづくり基盤技術の重要性についての啓発並びにものづくり基盤技術に関する知識の普及に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
- In order to increase the interest and understanding of the youth and other citizens in core manufacturing technology through the use of all kinds of opportunities and in order to promote the establishment of a social sentiment to respect abilities related to core manufacturing technology, the State shall take the necessary measures for the promotion of learning about core manufacturing technology in school education and social education including increasing education in technology in elementary schools, lower secondary schools and other schools, raising awareness about the importance of core manufacturing technology, and disseminating knowledge on core manufacturing technology.
- 第八条第一号に掲げるレコードについて実演家等保護条約の締約国により与えられる実演家等保護条約第十二条の規定による保護の期間が第一項の規定により実演家が保護を受ける期間より短いときは、当該締約国の国民をレコード製作者とするレコードに固定されている実演に係る実演家が同項の規定により保護を受ける期間は、第八条第一号に掲げるレコードについて当該締約国により与えられる実演家等保護条約第十二条の規定による保護の期間による。
- With respect to a phonogram provided for in Article 8, item (i), when the term of protection granted by a contracting state to the Convention for the Protection of Performers, etc. pursuant to Article 12 of the Convention is shorter than the period of protection enjoyed by a performer under the provisions of paragraph (1), the term of protection to be enjoyed pursuant to said paragraph by a performer whose performance is fixed in a phonogram the producer of which is a national of said Contracting State shall correspond to the term of protection which, pursuant to the provisions of Article 12 of said Convention, is granted by said contracting state with respect to phonograms provided for in Article 8, item (i).
- 父又は母が附則第二条第一項の規定により日本の国籍を取得したとき(同条第三項ただし書の規定の適用がある場合を除く。)は、その父又は母がした従前の届出の時以後当該父又は母の日本の国籍の取得の時前に出生した子(日本国民であった者を除く。)は、施行日から三年以内に限り、法務大臣に届け出ることによって、日本の国籍を取得することができる。ただし、その父又は母が養親であるとき、又は出生の後に認知した者であるときは、この限りでない。
- If a father or a mother has acquired Japanese nationality pursuant to the provisions of the supplementary provisions, Article 2, paragraph (1) (excluding cases in which the provisions of the same Article, paragraph (3), proviso applies), a child (except one who was once a Japanese citizen) born before said father or mother acquired Japanese nationality, at or after the time of a former notification by said father or mother, may acquire Japanese nationality through notification to the Minister of Justice limited to within three years of the enforcement date; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the father or mother is an adoptive parent or the child was acknowledged after the time of birth.
- 外国等は、当該外国等(国以外のものにあっては、それらが所属する国。以下この条において同じ。)以外の国の国民又は当該外国等以外の国若しくはこれに所属する国等の法令に基づいて設立された法人その他の団体との間の商業的取引に係る書面による仲裁合意に関し、当該仲裁合意の存否若しくは効力又は当該仲裁合意に基づく仲裁手続に関する裁判手続について、裁判権から免除されない。ただし、当事者間に書面による別段の合意がある場合は、この限りでない。
- A Foreign State, etc., with respect to the written arbitration agreements relating to commercial transactions between said Foreign State, etc. and a citizen of a State other than said Foreign State, etc. (for those other than a State, the State to which they belong; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) or a judicial person or any other entity established based on the laws and regulations of the State or the State, etc. which belongs to the State, shall not be immune from jurisdiction with respect to Judicial Proceedings concerning the existence or nonexistence or effect of said arbitration agreements or arbitration proceedings based on said arbitration agreements; provided however, this shall not apply in cases where the parties have agreed otherwise in writing.
- 外国等は、商業的取引(民事又は商事に係る物品の売買、役務の調達、金銭の貸借その他の事項についての契約又は取引(労働契約を除く。)をいう。次項及び第十六条において同じ。)のうち、当該外国等と当該外国等(国以外のものにあっては、それらが所属する国。以下この項において同じ。)以外の国の国民又は当該外国等以外の国若しくはこれに所属する国等の法令に基づいて設立された法人その他の団体との間のものに関する裁判手続について、裁判権から免除されない。
- A Foreign State, etc. shall not be immune from jurisdiction with respect to Judicial Proceedings regarding commercial transactions (meaning contracts or transactions relating to the civil or commercial buying and selling of commodities, procurement of services, lending of money, or other matters (excluding labor contracts.); the same shall apply in the following paragraph and Article 16) between said Foreign State, etc. and a citizen of a State other than said Foreign State, etc. (for those other than a State, the State to which they belong, hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) or a judicial person or any other entity established based on the laws and regulations of the State or the State, etc. which belongs to the State.
- 会社及び地域会社は、それぞれその事業を営むに当たつては、常に経営が適 正かつ効率的に行われるように配意し、国民生活に不可欠な電話の役務のあまねく日本全国における適切、公平かつ安定的な提供の確保に寄与するとともに、今 後の社会経済の進展に果たすべき電気通信の役割の重要性にかんがみ、電気通信技術に関する研究の推進及びその成果の普及を通じて我が国の電気通信の創意あ る向上発展に寄与し、もつて公共の福祉の増進に資するよう努めなければならない。
- The Company and the Regional Companies shall, in operating their own businesses, give due consideration to the maintenance of its proper and efficient management and shall contribute to the securement of appropriate, fair and stable provision of nationwide telephone services which are indispensable to the lives of people; additionally, the Company and the Regional Companies shall endeavor, in view of the importance of the role which telecommunications will play for the social and economical progress in the future, to contribute to the innovative advancement and development of telecommunications in Japan through the promotion of research and development concerning telecommunications technology and through dissemination of the results thereof, and thereby promote the public welfare.
- この法律は、環境の保全に係る化学物質の管理に関する国際的協調の動向に配慮しつつ、化学物質に関する科学的知見及び化学物質の製造、使用その他の取扱いに関する状況を踏まえ、事業者及び国民の理解の下に、特定の化学物質の環境への排出量等の把握に関する措置並びに事業者による特定の化学物質の性状及び取扱いに関する情報の提供に関する措置等を講ずることにより、事業者による化学物質の自主的な管理の改善を促進し、環境の保全上の支障を未然に防止することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to promote voluntary improvement of the management of chemical substances by business operators and to prevent any impediments to the preservation of the environment by taking measures for the confirmation of release amounts, etc. of specific chemical substances in the environment, measures for the provision of information concerning the properties and handling of specific chemical substances by business operators, and other relevant measures, while giving consideration to the trend for international cooperation on the management of chemical substances pertaining to the preservation of the environment, taking into account scientific knowledge on chemical substances and the condition of the manufacture, use, and other handling of chemical substances, and gaining the understanding of business operators and citizens.
- 国土形成計画は、我が国及び世界における人口、産業その他の社会経済構造の変化に的確に対応し、その特性に応じて自立的に発展する地域社会、国際競争力の強化及び科学技術の振興等による活力ある経済社会、安全が確保された国民生活並びに地球環境の保全にも寄与する豊かな環境の基盤となる国土を実現するよう、我が国の自然的、経済的、社会的及び文化的諸条件を維持向上させる国土の形成に関する施策を、当該施策に係る国内外の連携の確保に配意しつつ、適切に定めるものとする。
- National Spatial Strategies shall appropriately formulate measures for the spatial development to maintain and improve the natural, economic, social and cultural conditions of Japan, while paying attention to securing domestic and international coordination pertaining to the said measures, in order to appropriately respond to the changes in social and economic structures including population and industry in Japan and the world and realize a national land that acts as the foundation of: local communities that independently develop in accordance with their own characteristics; a vital economy and society through the enhancement of international competitiveness, promotion of science and technology, etc.; citizens' lives for which safety is secured; and a rich environment which also contributes to the preservation of the global environment.
- 第三十条第一項第二号の業務及びこれに附帯する業務(以下「民事法律扶助事業」という。)に関し、民事法律扶助事業の実施に係る援助の申込み及びその審査の方法に関する事項、同号イ及びハに規定する立替えに係る報酬及び実費の基準並びにそれらの償還に関する事項並びに同号ロ及びニに規定する報酬及び実費に相当する額の支払に関する事項。この場合において、当該報酬は、民事法律扶助事業が同号に規定する国民等を広く援助するものであることを考慮した相当な額でなければならない。
- With respect to the business under item (ii) of paragraph (1) of Article 30 and business incidental to it (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'civil legal aid business'), matters pertaining to offers for civil legal aid and methods for judgment thereof, matters pertaining to the criteria for the remuneration and other actual costs for the lending provided by (a) and (c) of the said item and their reimbursement, and matters pertaining to the payment of an amount equivalent to the remuneration and other actual costs provided by (b) and (d) of the said item. In this case, the amount of the remuneration shall be a reasonable one that takes into account the purpose of the civil legal aid business, which is to provide broad support to citizens, etc. as provided by the same items.
- 前二項において「事業支 配力が過度に集中すること」とは、会社及び子会社その他当該会社が株式の所有により事業活動を支配している他の国内の会社の総合的事業規模が相当数の事業 分野にわたつて著しく大きいこと、これらの会社の資金に係る取引に起因する他の事業者に対する影響力が著しく大きいこと又はこれらの会社が相互に関連性の ある相当数の事業分野においてそれぞれ有力な地位を占めていることにより、国民経済に大きな影響を及ぼし、公正かつ自由な競争の促進の妨げとなることをい う。
- The term 'excessive concentration of economic power' in the preceding two paragraphs means a situation in which the extreme largeness of comprehensive business scale over a considerable number of fields of business of a corporation and its subsidiaries and other corporations in Japan whose business activities are controlled by the said corporation through holding of their stocks, the remarkably strong power of the said corporations to influence other entrepreneurs due to transactions pertaining to the funds of, or the occupancy of influential positions over a considerable number of interrelated fields of business by the said corporations, has a large effect on the national economy and impedes the promotion of fair and free competition.
- 経済産業大臣は、前二項に定める場合のほか、特定の種類の若しくは特定の地域を仕向地とする貨物を輸出しようとする者又は特定の取引により貨物を輸出しようとする者に対し、国際収支の均衡の維持のため、外国貿易及び国民経済の健全な発展のため、我が国が締結した条約その他の国際約束を誠実に履行するため、国際平和のための国際的な努力に我が国として寄与するため、又は第十条第一項の閣議決定を実施するために必要な範囲内で、政令で定めるところにより、承認を受ける義務を課することができる。
- In addition to cases prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may impose, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order, on a person who intends to export specific kinds of goods or to export goods to the specified regions or a person who intends to export goods through specified transaction the obligation to obtain approval, to the extent necessary to maintain equilibrium of the international balance of trade, to achieve the sound development of foreign trade and the national economy, to sincerely fulfill obligations under the treaties and other international agreements Japan has signed, to make Japan's contribution to international efforts for achieving international peace, or to implement a cabinet decision set forth in Article 10, paragraph 1.
- この際、当初計画に対する収容力の不足を補うため、同時期に建設が計画された近鉄奈良駅ビルの上層階を別館として1970年に営業開始したが、これは1984年のわかくさ国民体育大会、および1988年の「なら・シルクロード博覧会」の開催を控え、1984年に本館の建つ高台の南側傾斜面を削り込んで埋め込む形で鉄筋コンクリート造りの新館を国鉄の設計による吉野造りで建設したことでその必要性が大幅に低下し、「なら・シルクロード博覧会」閉幕後もしばらくは営業を続けたが、結局1991年にこの別館は閉鎖されている。
- On this occasion, to compensate for the lack of capacity in the first plan for Wakakusa National Athletic Meet in 1984 and 'Nara Silk Road Expo' in 1988, the annex was began to be operated in 1970 using the higher storeys of Kintetsu Nara Station Building which was planned to be built at the same period, however, it decreased its necessity dramatically due to the new building of steel-reinforced concrete built in 1984 in Yoshino-tsukuri style (an architectural technique for building on a sheer cliff) by Japan National Railways, which was embedded by digging the south slope of rising ground where the main building stood, and was eventually closed in 1991 although running for a while after the closing of 'Nara Silk Road Expo.'
- 内閣は、第三条に掲げる倫理原則を踏まえ、自衛隊員の職務に係る倫理の保持を図るために必要な事項に関する政令(以下「自衛隊員倫理規程」という。)を、国家公務員倫理法(平成十一年法律第百二十九号)第五条第一項に規定する国家公務員倫理規程に準じて定めるものとする。この場合において、自衛隊員倫理規程には、自衛隊員の職務に利害関係を有する者からの贈与等の禁止及び制限等自衛隊員の職務に利害関係を有する者との接触その他国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止に関し自衛隊員の遵守すべき事項が含まれていなければならない。
- The Cabinet shall provide for a Cabinet Order concerning necessary matters for the maintenance of ethics pertaining to their duties of self-defense forces personnel, taking into account the ethical principles listed in Article 3 (hereinafter referred to as the "Self-Defense Forces Personnel Ethics Code") equivalent the National Public Service Ethics Code provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 5 of the National Public Service Ethics Act (Act No. 129 of 1999). In this case, the Self-Defense Forces Personnel Ethics Code shall include the matters which the self-defense forces personnel should observe concerning the prevention of acts that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens such as contacting with those who have interests with the duties of the self-defense forces personnel such as the prohibitions and restrictions of receiving gifts, etc. from those who have interests in the duties of the self-defense forces personnel.
- 日本国民又は日本国内に住所若しくは居所(法人にあつては、営業所)を有する外国人であつて標章の国際登録に関するマドリッド協定の千九百八十九年六月二十七日にマドリッドで採択された議定書(以下「議定書」という。)第二条(1)に規定する国際登録(以下「国際登録」という。)を受けようとする者は、特許庁長官に次の各号のいずれかを基礎とした議定書第二条(2)に規定する出願(以下「国際登録出願」という。)をしなければならない。この場合において、経済産業省令で定める要件に該当するときには、二人以上が共同して国際登録出願をすることができる。
- A Japanese national or a foreign national domiciled or resident (or, in the case of a juridical person, with a place of business) in Japan who desires to obtain an international registration (hereinafter referred to as an 'application for international registration') provided in Article 2(1) of the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks adopted at Madrid on June 27, 1989 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Protocol') shall file with the Commissioner of the Patent Office an application (hereinafter referred to as an 'application for international registration') pursuant to Article 2(2) of the Protocol based on any of the following items; in this case, where requirements provided by Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry are applicable, two or more persons may jointly file the application for international registration:
- この法律は、原子力災害の特殊性にかんがみ、原子力災害の予防に関する原子力事業者の義務等、原子力緊急事態宣言の発出及び原子力災害対策本部の設置等並びに緊急事態応急対策の実施その他原子力災害に関する事項について特別の措置を定めることにより、核原料物質、核燃料物質及び原子炉の規制に関する法律(昭和三十二年法律第百六十六号。以下「規制法」という。)、災害対策基本法(昭和三十六年法律第二百二十三号)その他原子力災害の防止に関する法律と相まって、原子力災害に対する対策の強化を図り、もって原子力災害から国民の生命、身体及び財産を保護することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to strengthen nuclear disaster control measures, in cooperation with the Act on Regulation of Nuclear Source Materials, Nuclear Fuel Materials and Reactors (Act No. 166 of 1957; hereinafter referred to as the 'Reactor Regulation Act'), the Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures (Act No. 223 of 1961) and other Acts concerning nuclear disaster prevention, by providing special measures for the obligations, etc. of nuclear operators concerning nuclear disaster prevention, the issuance of a declaration of a nuclear emergency situation and the establishment, etc. of nuclear emergency response headquarters, and the implementation of emergency response measures and other matters relating to a nuclear disaster, taking into consideration the particularity of a nuclear disaster, thereby protecting the lives, bodies and properties of citizens from a nuclear disaster.
- この法律は、環境基本法(平成五年法律第九十一号)の基本理念にのっとり、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用について、基本原則を定め、並びに国、地方公共団体、事業者、国民及び民間の団体の責務を明らかにするとともに、生物多様性国家戦略の策定その他の生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関する施策の基本となる事項を定めることにより、生物の多様性の保全及び持続可能な利用に関する施策を総合的かつ計画的に推進し、もって豊かな生物の多様性を保全し、その恵沢を将来にわたって享受できる自然と共生する社会の実現を図り、あわせて地球環境の保全に寄与することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is to set fundamental principles for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in line with the basic principle of the Environment Basic Act (Act No. 91 of 1993), to clarify the responsibility of the government, local governments, businesses, citizens and private bodies, and to promote policies for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in a comprehensive and planned manner by developing the National Biodiversity Strategy and prescribing other matters that serve as a basis of policies for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, thereby conserving rich biodiversity, and to aim at realizing a society in coexistence with nature where human beings can continue enjoying benefits therefrom in the future and to contribute to conserving the global environment.
- この法律は、地球温暖化が地球全体の環境に深刻な影響を及ぼすものであり、気候系に対して危険な人為的干渉を及ぼすこととならない水準において大気中の温室効果ガスの濃度を安定化させ地球温暖化を防止することが人類共通の課題であり、すべての者が自主的かつ積極的にこの課題に取り組むことが重要であることにかんがみ、地球温暖化対策に関し、京都議定書目標達成計画を策定するとともに、社会経済活動その他の活動による温室効果ガスの排出の抑制等を促進するための措置を講ずること等により、地球温暖化対策の推進を図り、もって現在及び将来の国民の健康で文化的な生活の確保に寄与するとともに人類の福祉に貢献することを目的とする。
- In recognition of the serious impact of global warming on the environment of the entire planet, and the importance of efforts on the part of all humankind to actively and voluntarily address the universal issue of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at levels where human interference does not pose a danger to climate systems, the purpose of this Law is to promote global warming countermeasures by formulating a plan for attaining targets under the Kyoto Protocol and taking measures to promote the control of greenhouse gas emissions due to social, economic, and other activities, thereby contributing to the health and cultural life of the Japanese people, both now and in the future, as well as contributing to the wellbeing of all humankind.
- この法律は、内外の社会経済情勢の変化に伴い、裁判外紛争解決手続(訴訟手続によらずに民事上の紛争の解決をしようとする紛争の当事者のため、公正な第三者が関与して、その解決を図る手続をいう。以下同じ。)が、第三者の専門的な知見を反映して紛争の実情に即した迅速な解決を図る手続として重要なものとなっていることにかんがみ、裁判外紛争解決手続についての基本理念及び国等の責務を定めるとともに、民間紛争解決手続の業務に関し、認証の制度を設け、併せて時効の中断等に係る特例を定めてその利便の向上を図ること等により、紛争の当事者がその解決を図るのにふさわしい手続を選択することを容易にし、もって国民の権利利益の適切な実現に資することを目的とする。
- Owing to the changes in the social and economic climate at home and abroad, alternative dispute resolution (procedures for resolution of a civil dispute between parties who seek, with the involvement of a fair third party, a resolution without using litigation; the same shall apply hereinafter) has become an important means of achieving prompt dispute resolution based on the specialized expertise of a third party and in accordance with the actual facts of the dispute. Bearing such in mind, the purpose of the Act on Promotion of Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution is to provide for the basic concepts of the Act and for the responsibilities of the government and other entities; and to establish a certification system and set special rules on nullification of prescription and other matters so as to make alternative dispute resolution procedures easier to utilize, thereby enabling parties to a dispute to choose the most suitable method for resolving a dispute with the aim of appropriate realization of the rights and interests of the people.
- 前項に定めるもののほか、製品、容器等であって、これが循環資源となった場合におけるその循環的な利用を適正かつ円滑に行うためには国、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民がそれぞれ適切に役割を分担することが必要であるとともに、当該製品、容器等に係る設計及び原材料の選択、当該製品、容器等が循環資源となったものの収集等の観点からその事業者の果たすべき役割が循環型社会の形成を推進する上で重要であると認められるものについては、当該製品、容器等の製造、販売等を行う事業者は、基本原則にのっとり、当該分担すべき役割として、自ら、当該製品、容器等が循環資源となったものを引き取り、若しくは引き渡し、又はこれについて適正に循環的な利用を行う責務を有する。
- In addition to the provisions in the preceding paragraph, it is necessary for the State, local governments, business operators, and citizens to properly divide their respective roles in order to undertake in a proper and smooth manner the cyclical use of products, containers, etc. which have become circulative resources. In cases in which the roles of any particular business operators are deemed important in establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society from the viewpoint of such considerations as the design and selection of raw materials for products, containers, etc. and the collection, etc. of products, containers, etc. that have become circulative resources, pursuant to the Basic Principles, the business operators undertaking the manufacture, sale, etc. of these products, containers, etc. are themselves responsible for collecting or delivering, or undertaking the proper cyclical use of, these products, containers, etc. which have become circulative resources, as their responsibility within the division of roles.
- 従前の届出(この法律の施行の日(以下「施行日」という。)前にこの法律による改正前の国籍法第三条第一項の規定によるものとしてされた同項に規定する父母の婚姻及びその認知により嫡出子たる身分を取得した子に該当しない父又は母が認知した子による日本の国籍の取得に係る届出の行為をいう。以下同じ。)をした者で、当該従前の届出の時においてこの法律による改正後の国籍法(附則第四条第一項において「新法」という。)第三条第一項の規定の適用があるとするならば同項に規定する要件(法務大臣に届け出ることを除く。附則第四条第一項において同じ。)に該当するものであったもの(日本国民であった者を除く。)は、施行日から三年以内に限り、法務大臣に届け出ることによって、日本の国籍を取得することができる。
- A person making a former notification (referring to the act of notification pertaining to acquisition of Japanese nationality by a child acknowledged by a father or mother not falling under children having acquired the status of a child born in wedlock through the marriage of the father and mother and their acknowledgment provided in Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Nationality Act prior to revision by this Act pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph before the day of enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as 'enforcement date'); the same shall apply hereinafter) falling under the requirements (except for notification to the Minister of Justice; the same shall apply in the supplementary provisions, Article 4, paragraph (1)) provided in Article 3, paragraph (1) of the Nationality Act after revision by this Act (referred to as the 'New Act' in the supplemental provisions, Article 4, paragraph (1)), if said paragraph applies (except for a person who was once a Japanese citizen) at the time of said former notification, may acquire Japanese nationality through notification to the Minister of Justice within three years of the enforcement date.
- 国は、製品、容器等が循環資源となった場合におけるその循環的な利用が適正かつ円滑に行われることを促進するため、当該循環資源の処分の技術上の困難性、循環的な利用の可能性等を勘案し、国、地方公共団体、事業者及び国民がそれぞれ適切に役割を分担することが必要であり、かつ、当該製品、容器等に係る設計及び原材料の選択、当該製品、容器等が循環資源となったものの収集等の観点からその事業者の果たすべき役割が循環型社会の形成を推進する上で重要であると認められるものについて、当該製品、容器等の製造、販売等を行う事業者が、当該製品、容器等が循環資源となったものの引取りを行い、若しくは当該引取りに係る循環資源の引渡しを行い、又は当該引取りに係る循環資源について適正に循環的な利用を行うよう、必要な措置を講ずるものとする。
- In order to promote the appropriate and smooth cyclical use of products, containers, etc. when they have become circulative resources, with regard to the products, containers, etc. for which it is deemed necessary for the State, local governments, business operators and citizens to share their respective roles properly, and for which the roles of the business operators concerned are deemed important in establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society from the viewpoints of the design of such products, containers, etc., the selection of their raw materials, and the collection, etc. of such products, containers, etc. when they have become circulative resources, the State shall, after taking into consideration the technological difficulty in disposing of the circulative resources concerned, the possibility of cyclical use of such resources, etc., take necessary measures so that business operators engaged in manufacturing, selling, etc. of such products, containers, etc. may collect such products, containers, etc. which have become circulative resources, or deliver such circulative resources collected, or make appropriate cyclical use of such circulative resources collected.
- この法律は、ヒト又は動物の胚又は生殖細胞を操作する技術のうちクローン技術ほか一定の技術(以下「クローン技術等」という。)が、その用いられ方のいかんによっては特定の人と同一の遺伝子構造を有する人(以下「人クローン個体」という。)若しくは人と動物のいずれであるかが明らかでない個体(以下「交雑個体」という。)を作り出し、又はこれらに類する個体の人為による生成をもたらすおそれがあり、これにより人の尊厳の保持、人の生命及び身体の安全の確保並びに社会秩序の維持(以下「人の尊厳の保持等」という。)に重大な影響を与える可能性があることにかんがみ、クローン技術等のうちクローン技術又は特定融合・集合技術により作成される胚を人又は動物の胎内に移植することを禁止するとともに、クローン技術等による胚の作成、譲受及び輸入を規制し、その他当該胚の適正な取扱いを確保するための措置を講ずることにより、人クローン個体及び交雑個体の生成の防止並びにこれらに類する個体の人為による生成の規制を図り、もって社会及び国民生活と調和のとれた科学技術の発展を期することを目的とする。
- The purpose of this Act is, in light of the risk that certain techniques including the Cloning Techniques (hereinafter referred to as the 'Cloning Techniques, etc.' ) among the techniques for manipulating Embryos or Germ Cells of a human or an Animal could, depending on the way they are applied, create an individual with the same gene structure as a certain individual (hereinafter referred to as a 'Human Clone Individual' ) or an individual which cannot be clearly classified as a human or an Animal (hereinafter referred to as an 'Hybrid Individual' ), or artificially create other similar individuals, and have a serious influence on the preservation of human dignity, safety for human life and body, and maintenance of public order (hereinafter referred to as the 'Preservation of Human Dignity, etc.' ), to prevent creation of Human Clone Individuals and Hybrid Individuals and to regulate artificial creation of individuals similar to them by means of prohibiting transfer of Embryos produced by the Cloning Techniques or Specified Fusion/Aggregation Techniques among Cloning Techniques, etc. into a human or Animal uterus, regulating production, receipt by assignment and import of Embryos created by Cloning Techniques, etc., and taking other measures for securing appropriate handling of such Embryos, thereby ensuring the development of science and technology in harmony with society and citizens lives.