因: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 林徽因
- Huiyin LIN
- Lin Huiyin
- 能因本
- Noinbon (type of manuscript)
- Rh因子
- Rh factor (Rhesus factor)
- 変の要因
- Cause of the Incident
- 乱の原因
- Causes of the Disturbance
- The Cause of the War
- 勝敗の原因
- Factors that determined the outcome
- 混乱の要因
- The primary factor of the disorder
- - 因幡守
- He received the title of Inaba no kami (governor of Inaba Province).
- 発生原因諸説
- The various theories on the cause and origin
- 詩因を捉える
- Understand the purpose
- 因幡の武田氏
- The Takeda clan in Inaba
- 因幡守如元。
- He remained in the position of Governor of Inaba Province.
- 死因は中風。
- The cause of death was paralysis.
- 井上玄覚因碩
- Genkaku Inseki INOUE
- 因幡国:鳥取藩
- Inaba Province: Tottori Domain
- 刃傷事件の原因
- Causes for an affair of sword fight
- 平氏敗北の要因
- The Primary Factor in the Defeat of the Taira Clan
- 底本は能因本。
- The original manuscript is noin-bon (a type of transcription).
- The original texts of Makura no Soshi used in the book are those from Noinbon (a version transcribed from a copy of Makura no Soshi owned by Noin).
- 国府に因む地名
- Place names originating in Kokufu
- 因幡国造浄成女
- Inabanokuni no Miyatsuko Kiyonari no Musume
- 本因坊継承争い
- Strife on the Succession of Honinbo
- 騒動の原因と影響
- Cause and influence of the feud
- 原因とメカニズム
- Cause and mechanism
- 因幡国鳥取城主。
- Joshu (the Lord) of Tottori-jo Castle in Inaba Province.
- 根来・雑賀衆の敗因
- The reason for Negoro and Saiga shu's defeat
- 父は因幡国造浄成。
- Her father was Inabanokuni no Miyatsuko Kiyonari no Musume.
- 法号:因恵、因憲。
- His Buddhist names were Inkei and Inken.
- 宮号は知恩院に因む。
- The Miyago is connected with Chion-in.
- 直接の死因は肺性心。
- The cause of the death was cor pulmonale (CP).
- 父は橘永愷(能因)。
- His father was TACHIBANA no Nagayasu (Noin).
- 三平自刃の原因となった。
- He caused Sanpei to commit suicide.
- 近因(私学校と士族反乱)
- Immediate Cause (Shigakko and rebellion of Warrior Class)
- 因幡国司解案紙背仮名消息
- Inaba no Kokushi no Gean Shihai Kana Shosoku (letter written in kana with the back side of the paper used for a draft letter written by a kokushi [official] in Inaba Province)
- 能因 - 俗名、橘永愷。
- Noin: Secular name: TACHIBANA no Nagayasu.
- 追放令の原因 諸説と論証
- Cause of Expelling edict Various theories and argumentation
- 官位は従五位下因幡国守。
- His last official rank and post in the Edo period was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) Inaba-no-kuni-no-kami (the governor of Inaba Province).
- 6月29日、因幡守辞任。
- On August 3, he resigned as Inaba no kami.
- 死因は酒害と推測される。
- It is assumed that Tadaharu's death was caused by alcohol.
- 因幡国国司藤原合茂の子。
- He was a son of Inaba no kuni Kokushi (Provincial Governor of Inaba Province) FUJIWARA no Aishige.
- 1月15日、因幡守に任官。
- On February 10, assumed the position of Inaba no kami (governor of Inaba Province)
- 9月17日、因幡守に任官。
- On October 30, he was appointed to Governor of Inaba Province.
- 老舎は義和団との因縁が深い。
- Lao She had a deep relationship with the Boxers.
- 後に、大和の良因院に移った。
- Later, he moved to Ryoin-in Temple in Yamato.
- 死因については特に問わない。
- It does not matter why they died.
- この場合、死因は不明である。
- Here, however, the cause of death is not clear.
- 米庵という号は米芾に因んだ。
- The pen name Beian ('米庵') was named after Mi Fei ('米芾').
- 官位は従四位下侍従、因幡守。
- His official rank was jiju (a chamberlain) in the Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and he worked as the Governor of the Inaba Province.
- 因みに、安宅も老中になった。
- Incidentally, Yasuori also became a member of shogun's council of elders.
- 同 向二子中押負 井上松本因碩
- In 1852, 向二子and defeat by Chuoshi against Matsumotoinseki INOUE
- 1913年に本因坊秀哉が出版。
- Shusai HONINBO published it in 1913.
- 官位は従五位下侍従、因幡国守。
- His official court rank and position was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), Jiju (a chamberlain), and Inaba no Kuni no kami (Governor of Inaba Province).
- などが主な現象で、原因としては、
- The above mentioned are the major phenomena, and their causes can be:
- 最終的には敗戦する原因となった。
- Japan's advance into the south caused her to lose the war.
- 因みに海舟の印は乾堂の作である。
- Incidentally, Kaishu's seal was made by Kendo.
- 両者の性格に原因を求める説もある。
- There is another theory which looks into both of their personalities.
- 病の原因であるところの崇を占う方法
- The method to divine tatari (divine punishment), the cause of illness
- 因明学全書 活用講述(1891年)
- Inmyo-gaku zensho: Explanation of Inmyo, hetu-vidya Utilization guide (in 1891)
- その原因は、六郎(晴元)にあった。
- Rokuro (Harumoto) was the cause.
- 旧因幡街道 大原宿 (岡山県美作市)
- Ohara-shuku on the old Inaba-kaido Road (Mimasaka City, Okayama Prefecture)
- 巻名は五節舞の舞姫を指す歌語に因む。
- The title comes from a poetical word that means the Gosechi dancers.
- 御息所は関白近衛内前の娘、藤原因子。
- His Miyasundokoro (Lady of the Bedchamber) was FUJIWARA no Inshi, a daughter of Uchisaki KONOE, a chief advisor to the Emperor.
- これに因んで、この地を葛城と称した。
- This place was named Katuragi after this event.
- 官位は従四位下、因幡国守、下野国守。
- His ranks were Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade), Inaba no kuni no kami (the governor of Inaba Province), Shimotsuke no kuni no kami (the governor of Shimotsuke Province).
- 号 (称号)の雲泉は雲仙岳に因んだ。
- His alias, Unzen, was named after Mt. Unzen-dake.
- 仮名 (通称)は因幡国守、兵部少輔。
- Nobuyoshi's kemyo (assumed name) was Inaba no kuni no kami (Governor of Inaba Province), Hyobushoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Hyobusho Ministry of Military).
- 自己分泌型細胞運動刺激因子レセプター
- autocrine motility factor receptor
- 原因は落馬と言われるが定かでは無い。
- It is said to be from a fall from a horse, but it is not certain.
- この事も出世を遅らせる原因となった。
- This also hindered his career.
- 「ここに因りて衆人惜しまざるはなし」
- It is certain that he will be missed by many.
- 富森正因 とみのもりすけえもんまさより
- Sukeemon Masayori TOMINOMORI
- 社名は明治六年に結成されたことに因む。
- The name of the association was connected with that it was established in the 6th year of Meiji period.
- 三好氏没落の遠因となった合戦とされる。
- This battle is thought to be an underlying cause of the fall of the Miyoshi clan.
- 延暦元年(782年)因幡国国司となる。
- He became a provincial governor in Inaba Province in 782.
- これが大名貧困化の大きな原因となった。
- Such obligations became a big factor in causing the impoverishment of daimyo.
- 雑役免となる原因はいくつか挙げられる。
- Zoyakumen are categorized into several types.
- 管領・細川高国との対立が原因とされる。
- It is said the reason for this withdrawal was a confrontation with the Kanrei (Shogunal deputy) Takakuni HOSOKAWA.
- 時に、従五位上因幡守大伴家持は42歳。
- OTOMO no Yakamochi, Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Inaba no kami (Governor of Inaba Province) was 42 years old at the time.
- 天平宝字2年(758年)に因幡国国守。
- He became Inaba no kuni no kami (Governor of Inaba Province) in 758.
- 従三位、修理大夫、伊予国守、因幡国守。
- His Court rank rose to 'Jusanmi' (Junior Third Rank) in the end, and he held various positions, such as 'Shuri no daibu' (Master of the Office of Palace Repairs), 'Iyo no kuni no kami' (the governor of Iyo Province) and 'Inaba no kuni no kami' (the governor of Inaba Province).
- 因仍改メズ、恐クハ国家土崩ノ勢ヲ致サン。
- Being trapped with traditions and not changing the situation, the State will collapse like rocks crumbling.
- このことも大敗の重要な要因と考えられる。
- This can be also regarded as a crucial factor for their defeat.
- 旧因幡街道 平福 (兵庫県佐用郡佐用町)
- Hirafuku on the old Inaba-kaido Road (Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 青山俊春(としはる)〔従五位下、因幡守〕
- Toshiharu AOYAMA [Jugoinoge Inba no kami, Governor of Inba Province (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 父は空因(尊義・金蔵主)といわれている。
- His father is said to be Kuin (also known as Songi or Konzosu).
- 青山忠重(ただしげ)〔従五位下、因幡守〕
- Tadashige AOYAMA [Jugoinoge Inba no kami, Governor of Inba Province, (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 青山忠朝(ただとも)〔従五位下、因幡守〕
- Tadatomo AOYAMA [Jugoinoge Inba no kami, Governor of Inba Province, (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 大村純長(すみなが)〔従五位下、因幡守〕
- Suminaga OMURA (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, Governor of Imba)
- これが国府台合戦の一因とも言われている。
- It is said that the above was one of the causes for the Konodai Battle.
- 焼失の原因についてはいくつかの説がある。
- There are some theories about the cause of fire.
- 当時、脚気歴史は、原因不明の病であった。
- In those days, beriberi was a disease of unknown etiology.
- 従四位下、周防国守、因幡国守、上総国介。
- He was at the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and he experienced various positions such as the Governor of Suo Province, the Governor of Inaba Province, and the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province.
- 「義経を逮捕できない原因は朝廷にある。」
- Reason we could not capture Yoshitsune, is because of the Imperial Court.'
- 死因は落馬、暗殺、病死などの諸説がある。
- With respect to the cause, there are several views, such as a fall from a horse, assassination and death from disease.
- 『軍鑑』では追放の原因を不和としている。
- According to 'Gunkan,' Nobutora was expelled because of friction with Harunobu.
- 原因企業は古河鉱業(現在の古河機械金属)。
- It was caused by Furukawa Kogyo (mining) (modern Furukawa Co., Ltd.).
- 旧因幡街道 智頭宿 (鳥取県八頭郡智頭町)
- Chizu-shuku on the old Inaba-kaido Road (Chizu-cho, Yazu-gun, Tottori Prefecture)
- だが、家禄とともに財政悪化の一因となった。
- Premiums together with hereditary stipends brought about financial aggravation.
- 為因寺宝篋印塔〔京都市右京区梅ヶ畑奥殿町〕
- Hokyointo pagoda of Iin-ji Temple [Umegahata Okudono-cho, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City]
- 1819年(文政2年)先番7目勝 服部因淑
- In 1819, senban (player takes first move) and victory by 7 points against Inshuku HATTORI
- 正四位下、内蔵頭、弁官、検非違使、因幡守。
- He reached Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and he assumed various positions, such as Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), Benkan (an official of Grand Council of State), Kebiishi (Police and Judicial Chief), and Inaba no kami (the governor of Inaba Province).
- 因みに、京都府立大学の旧称は西京大学だった。
- In addition, the old name of Kyoto Prefectural University was Saikyo University.
- このことが、満州事変の遠因となったのである。
- This was the underlying cause of the Manchurian Incident.
- 略奪目的で乱入した土民が原因であるとする説。
- Another theory suggests that natives who had intruded into the castle for plunder set fire.
- それが鎌倉幕府体制を動揺させる一因となった。
- This became one of the factors that destabilized the Kamakura shogunate system.
- 1714年(正徳 (日本)4年) - 因幡守
- 1714: He became the Inaba no kami (Provincial Governor of Inaba).
- 1823年(文政6年)先番3目負 本因坊元丈
- In 1823, senban and defeat by 3 points against Genjo HONINBO
- 1825年(文政8年)先番8目負 本因坊丈和
- In 1825, senban and defeat by 8 points against Jowa HONINBO
- 1852年(嘉永5年)白番7目負 本因坊秀和
- In 1852, shiroban and defeat by 7 points against Shuwa HONINBO
- その傷が原因で、まもなく死去したといわれる。
- It is said that he died soon because of the injury.
- 1838年(天保9年)白番中押負 本因坊丈策
- In 1838, shiroban and defeat by Chuoshi against Josaku HONINBO
- 文晁の名は文麗に因んだものと推察されている。
- It is inferred that the name of Buncho was connected with Bunrei.
- 著作に『元衍』、『学医要論』、『有因心論』。
- His works are 'Genen,' 'Guide to Medical Study,' and 'Yuin Shin-ron' (Theory of Psychological Causes).
- 延享4年(1747年) 11月15日、因幡守
- December 16, 1747: Inaba no kami (Governor of Inaba Province).
- 官職に因らず武士団を用いた最初の例とされる。
- This is considered to be the first case in which samurai were used by someone who was not a in a government post.
- 仁和2年(886年)には因幡国権守になった。
- He became Provisional Governor of Inaba Province in 886.
- 主な要因は、不況、少子化、施設の老朽化だった。
- The main reasons were depression, fewer children and the decrepit premises.
- 乱の原因を後鳥羽上皇の不徳であると記している。
- It asserts that the cause of the rebellion was the retired Emperor Gotoba's lack of virtue.
- これは水戸藩の財政を厳しくする一因でもあった。
- This was one of the causes of financial stringency of the Mito Tokugawa family.
- これらの要因は、連合軍の弱点となったと言える。
- These factors became the weakness of the allied force.
- 関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康に味方する原因となった。
- Therefore, Yoshiaki MOGAMI sided with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 「東山」は、義政が山荘を営んだ東山の地に因む。
- The term 'Higashiyama' was taken from the name of the place Higashiyama where Yoshimasa kept a mountain villa.
- 京都の人で、幼名喜太郎、本因坊元丈門下、六段。
- He was from Kyoto Prefecture, his childhood name was Kitaro, a disciple of Genjo HONINBO, sixth dan level.
- これらが現在の四国・九州電力発足の遠因となる。
- Those businesses became indirect causes of the foundations of current Shikoku Electric Power and of Kyushu Electric Power.
- 1827年(文政10年)白番中押負 本因坊丈和
- In 1827, shiroban and defeat by Chuoshi (admit defeat before the last game) against Jowa HONINBO
- 元和5年(1619年)、脳血管障害が原因で没。
- He died from cerebral vascular disease in 1619.
- 叔父の信光も死亡しているが、死因は不明である。
- His uncle Nobumitsu also died, but the reason is unknown.
- その原因として当時の宗教行政の混乱が挙げられる。
- The reason for this can be found in the confusion over administration of religions.
- 原因は囲碁の勝負に松平が口を挟んだためであった。
- The cause for this affair was to do with Matsudaira interjecting into an Igo (board game of capturing territory) match.
- しかし最終的に、死因が毒殺とは判定できなかった。
- But he failed to prove the death was caused by poisoning.
- 抗争の原因として最も多いのは家臣間の対立である。
- The most frequent cause of conflict is clash between retainers of the feudal lord.
- 次に『万国公法』翻訳の動機にも原因の一端がある。
- Another reason is attributed to motivation for translation of 'Bankoku Koho.'
- ③能因法師らと同じころ、11世紀前半の人とする説
- (3)The view that he lived in the first half of the eleventh century, when Noin Priest and others lived.
- この過酷な気象条件が遭難の一大要因と考えられる。
- Such harsh weather conditions are regarded as the biggest factor of the disaster.
- 時には撰銭が原因で殺傷事件が起こることもあった。
- Sometimes Erizeni caused bloodshed.
- 『因府録』所収の和田系図には信也と記されている。
- The lineage of the Wada family included in 'Inpuroku' (local history record of Inpu) represents his name as Nobunari.
- 文和2年死去、死因は赤痢であると伝えられている。
- He died in 1353 and his cause of death was said to have been caused by dysentery.
- 1820年(文政3年)白番11目負 井上幻庵因碩
- In 1820, shiroban and defeat by 11 points against Genan INOUE
- 因幡国若桜鬼ヶ城主、矢部定利の子として生まれる。
- Muneharu was born as a son of Sadatoshi YABE, the lord of Wakasa-Onigajo Castle in Inaba Province.
- 比叡山とは積年の因縁で結びついていたといえよう。
- Given their long-standing association, it is fair to say that Yoshinari had a significant connection to Mt. Hiei.
- なお、死因と落馬の因果関係によって解釈は異なる。
- There are differences in interpretations depending upon the relationship of death and the fall from a horse.
- 因幡国鹿野藩第2代藩主、石見国津和野藩2代藩主。
- He was the second lord of Shikano Domain in Inaba Province and the second lord of Tsuwano Domain in Iwami Province.
- この事から、立場の違いに起因する異字と考えられる。
- In view of the above, the difference of letters comes from the difference of positions.
- 「いま大礼蘇因高・大礼乎那利等を遣して往でしむ。」
- Dairai (the fifth grade official), ONO no Imoko and Onari, will be sent to visit you.'
- 巻第二十 本朝付仏法(天狗、冥界の往還、因果応報)
- Volume 20 Honcho, Buddhism (Tengu (long-nosed mountain spirits), passing into Hell and back, and tales of reward and/or punishment for one's past behavior)
- これは明治日本の外交攻勢が大きな要因となっている。
- As the background, there was diplomatic offensive by Japan in the Meiji period.
- それを踏まえて、現在唱えられている原因を列挙する。
- The causes accepted widely now are shown below.
- また自分の修行を妨げる因縁も指していう場合がある。
- In some cases, the gyaku-en refers to the fate that interferes with one's ascetic practices.
- 因幡鳥取藩に付属し官軍に加わって戊辰戦争を戦った。
- They were associated with Inaba and Tottori domains, and fought as part of the loyalist forces in the Boshin War.
- 以上を伝える『日本書紀』は、殺害の原因に触れない。
- The 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) which describes above mentioned incident, does not say anything about the cause of the murder.
- そのため後に大悪天皇と誹謗される原因となっている。
- That is why he was later abused as the Evil Emperor.
- 従って政権崩壊の主要因は後継者の死亡との説である。
- According to one theory, therefore, the main reason for the fall of the government was the death of the successor.
- 黄砂などが原因で発生する霞は、春霞と呼ばれている。
- The mist that is generated due mostly to kosa is called harugasumi (spring mist).
- また、春の夜に朧月夜が多いのも、黄砂が原因である。
- Being caused by kosa, a hazy moon is often observed in spring nights.
- この不満が高じて承平・天慶の乱の発生要因となった。
- Their discontent, which increased over time, in part led to the Johei and Tengyo War.
- 同年から19世本因坊秀栄の研究会「四象会」に参加。
- In the same year he joined 'Shisho-kai,' a study group of Honinbo Shuei (the 19th).
- これが以後の石上氏の衰退の大きな要因の一つとなる。
- This was one of the main reasons why the Isonokami clan declined.
- また、江戸時代に本願寺勢力が分裂する遠因ともなった。
- Also, the war was a remote cause of the Hongan-ji Temple power split in the Edo period.
- 壬申の乱の原因として、いくつかの説が挙げられている。
- There are several theories of the cause of the Jinshin War.
- 巻名は作中で光源氏と明石の御方が交わした和歌に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poems that Hikaru Genji and Lady Akashi exchanged in the chapter.
- 巻名は作中で光源氏と六条御息所が交わした和歌に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poems that Hikaru Genji and Rokujo no Miyasudokoro exchanged in the chapter.
- これが、江戸幕府に米価・貧民対策を迫る原因となった。
- These successive incidents made the foreign envoys demand the Edo bakufu to take some measures against the rising rice price and to relieve the poor people
- 後に鎌倉幕府が崩壊する一つの要因となったとも言える。
- It is cited as one of the causes of the bakufu's later collapse.
- それが貞明皇后の不興を買う一因にもなったようである。
- These selfish behaviors of the Empress Kojun seemed to be the one of the prime factors of displeasure to the Empress Teimei.
- 死因は病死とも言われているが義明による毒殺説もある。
- The cause of his death is said to have been some disease, but there is also a theory that says he was poisoned by Yoshiaki.
- 『枕草子』伝来に関係したらしい(枕草子能因本奥書)。
- She was involved in the legacy of 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) (according to the postscript written in the Noinbon (type of transcription) of Makura no soshi).
- 竹越は「歴史の第一原因は経済的要因」にあると唱えた。
- Takekoshi advocated as: 'The primary cause that moves the history consists of the economic factor.'
- これも現在まで続く反日感情の一因であると見られている。
- It is also considered to be one of the reasons for the still lingering anti-Japanese feelings.
- 巻名は薫が宇治の三姉妹との因縁を想い詠んだ和歌に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry that was composed by Kaoru while he was recalling his relationship with three sisters of Uji.
- このことも国家主義的な歴史観の台頭を許す一因となった。
- This fact was one of the factors that allowed nationalistic views of history to gain ground.
- その地名は、穴穂部間人皇女に因むものと伝えられている。
- It is said that the name Taiza was given by Anahobe no hashihito no himemiko.
- この家紋に因んで、すずめ踊りや笹かまぼこが命名された。
- Suzume odori (sparrow dance) and Sasa-kamaboko (a bamboo-leaf-shaped fish cake) were named after the crest.
- 因幡国守護・山名氏の家臣に若狭武田氏傍流の一族がいる。
- A branch family of the Wakasa-Takeda clan existed as a vassal of the Yamana clan, the shugo of Inaba Province.
- 因みに、諸国には軍団が設置され、国司がこれを統率した。
- A gundan was stationed in each province and was commanded by the kokushi.
- 原因として、凶作、伝染病、過疎、将軍の不信任など様々。
- Among the various causes behind a Tokusei ikki include poor harvests, infectious diseases, a declining population and a lack of trust in the shogun.
- 倒れてからの昏睡状態より、死因は脳溢血と言われている。
- The cause of his death was said to have been cerebral hemorrhage, judging from a coma after his fall.
- 吾妻鏡に記された死因であり、最も良く知られた説である。
- This is the cause of death described in 'Azuma Kagami,' and is the most widely known theory.
- これもまた制度研究を困難にさせている要因の一つである。
- This is one reason to the difficulty in understanding the system.
- 親王は式部を邸に迎えようとし、正妃が家出する因を作った。
- When he tried to place her in his mansion, his principal wife left him as a result.
- 巻名は光源氏と玉鬘 (源氏物語)が交わした贈答歌に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poems that were exchanged between Hikaru Genji and Tamakazura (The Tale of Genji).
- 承安 (日本)2年(1172年)に出家して道因と称した。
- In 1172 he became a priest, christened Doin.
- しかし、島原藩移封後は圧政を敷き島原の乱の原因を作った。
- However, he was the cause of much tyranny after he was transferred to Shimabara Domain, and that led to the Shimabara War.
- 従って、経済的な困窮が土一揆の主要因だったとは言えない。
- Therefore, poverty is not thought to have been the primary cause of Tsuchi-ikki.
- 平安時代末期に因幡国の豪族の佐治道貞の子として生まれた。
- He was born to Michisada SAJI in the end of Heian period, who was a family member of local ruling family in Inaba Province.
- 原因は「寸白(すびゃく)」(寄生虫の病)だったとされる。
- It is believed that the cause of his illness was 'tapeworm' (parasite infection).
- ただし近年は能忍の死因は病死または事故死とする説が有力。
- However, it is widely accepted that Nonin's death was by disease or accident in recent years.
- ついで、伊勢派の彭城百川、和田希因、中森梅路らであった。
- Next, his teachers included Hyakusen SAKAKI of Ise school, Kiin WADA, and Umeji NAKAMORI et al.
- このとき、上洛の年(甲子)に因んで伊東甲子太郎と称する。
- It was at this time that he called himself Kashitaro ITO after the name of the year (Kinoene) in which he traveled to Kyoto.
- 因みに、2005年現在、確認出来る世界最古の印刷物である。
- As of 2005, it is said to be the oldest verifiable printed material in the world.
- このことから乱の原因については一般に怨恨説が取られている。
- By this description, the theory that the grudge caused the war is most common.
- 上記の巻の名に因む和歌を詠んだことから、この名で呼ばれる。
- Because she composed the poem, after which the title of the chapter mentioned above was named, she came to be called by this name.
- 巻名は末摘花 (源氏物語)の荒廃した邸に茂るヨモギに因む。
- The title of this chapter is derived from the mugwort that had taken over Suetsumuhana's ruined residence.
- 池田氏:備前国岡山藩31万5千石・因幡国鳥取藩32万石 城
- The Ikeda clan: Okayama Domain, Bizen Province with 315,000 koku and Tottori Domain, Inaba Province with 320,000 koku, with its castles allowed
- 銀行紙幣の発行が容易になり、インフレの原因の一つとなった。
- It became easier for banks to issue notes, which resulted in one of the reasons to cause inflation.
- 因幡街道の次の宿駅が平福で、長谷は平福のやや南に位置する。
- Hirafuku was a next shuku-eki along the Inaba-kaido road, and Nagatani was located slightly in the south of Hirafuku.
- これは立地条件が悪かったことと格式の高さが原因と思われる。
- The reasons for this are believed to have been due to its inconvenient location and high prestige.
- 「倉橋」とは遠祖・安倍倉橋麻呂の名に因んだと言われている。
- It is said 'Kurahashi' was named after their forefather ABE no Kurahashimaro.
- これらの要因が、江戸時代の再評価のきっかけにもなっている。
- These reasons led to a re-evaluation of the Edo period.
- しかし、中国での砂漠化や乾燥化も増加の原因だとされている。
- However, it is also said that desertification and an increase of dry weather areas in China constitutes a factor of increasing the occurrence frequency of kosa.
- そして最大の要因が、平氏が強訴の鎮圧を拒否したことである。
- Above all, the biggest factor was that the Taira clan had refused to suppress the direct petition.
- これは先祖が中国江蘇省彭城の出身であることに因んだという。
- This was because his ancestors were from Hojo (彭城) in Jiangsu Province, China.
- しかし、これが後に激派の不満を爆発させる一因となってしまう。
- However, it later caused the extremists to express their dissatisfaction.
- だが、実際は太政官の因事管隷のもと、充分機能した例は少ない。
- But, in fact, there were few cases that the agency functioned well because of the Daijokan's supreme power to control all the departments in the ancient court.
- 1972年、群馬県は、米の汚染は足尾銅山の鉱毒が原因と断定。
- In 1972, Gunma Prefecture concluded the polluted rice crops were due to the mining pollution from the Ashio copper mine
- また、天智天皇と大海人皇子の不和関係に原因を求める説もある。
- Also, there is a theory that the reason for this war was the friction between Emperor Tenchi and Prince Oama.
- 山口少佐の死因については、公式発表では心臓麻痺となっている。
- His cause of death was cardiac failure in the official announcement.
- このことは1840年のアヘン戦争に大敗を喫する一因となった。
- This uselessness of the navy was one of the reasons that China suffered a crushing defeat during the Opium War.
- 絵因果経(東京芸術大学、上品蓮台寺、醍醐寺、出光美術館ほか)
- E Ingakyo (Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect): owned by some institutions, such as the Tokyo University of Arts, Jobonrendai-ji Temple, Daigo-ji Temple, and Idemitsu Museum of Arts
- 一方、スギが少ない欧米等ではスギが原因となる花粉症は少ない。
- On the other hand, there are fewer cases of hay fever triggered by Japanese cedar pollen in Europe and North America where there are few Japanese cedar trees.
- 本因坊元丈には先相先の囲碁の手合割、五段に進み、京都に戻る。
- Against Genjo HONINBO, he had a teaiwari (handicap) of Sen ai sen (playing black then white then black), advancing to the fifth dan level, and returned to Kyoto.
- 元は鳥取藩(因州藩)士、初代鳥取県知事(県令)、子爵となる。
- He was originally a feudal retainer of Tottori Domain (Inshu Domain), the first governor of Tottori Prefecture (prefectural ordinance), and then became Viscount.
- 1952年、全本因坊八段戦に出場、橋本宇太郎に白番半目負け。
- In 1952, he participated in the Zen Honinbo Eight Dan Tournament, defeated by Utaro HASHIMOTO by shiroban han-moku.
- 畠山持国の時代には木沢蓮因なる人物がいたことが知られている。
- Renin KIZAWA is known from the period of Mochikuni HATAKEYAMA.
- 正成討死の年齢43歳に因み、高さはおよそ43尺(約13m)。
- The height of the tower was set at approximately thirteen meters, because he died in battle at the age of forty three.
- この惨劇は豊臣政権の寿命を縮める一要因ともなったわけである。
- After all, this tragedy turned out to be one of the causes that cut short the life of the Toyotomi government.
- 門弟である能因法師が撰した「玄々集」には10首が入集している。
- His ten waka poems were selected for 'Gengen shu' compiled by his disciple Noin Priest.
- その原因としては以下のように諸説あるものの、結論は出ていない。
- There are some theories about why this was, such as the ones below, but no conclusion has been reached.
- 因みに一般的イメージの小姓とは異なり、純然たる戦闘部隊である。
- Incidentally, the kosyogumi was different from kosho (pageboy) in the general conception and was purely a combat troop.
- しかし単にそれだけでなく朝鮮側の取った外交戦略も一因であった。
- However, it was not the only reason and another factor was related to diplomatic strategy of Korea.
- 『愚管抄』では頼家殺害と景時滅亡の因果関係を強く指摘している。
- 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool) clearly pointed out the causal relationship between the killing of Yoriie and the downfall of Kagetoki.
- 佐用は美作街道の宿駅で、更に佐用からは北に因幡街道が分岐する。
- Sayo was a shuku-eki (a relay station in road transportation) along the Mimasaka-kaido road, which was branched from Sayo to the Inaba-kaido road in the north.
- 原因するが岩手と宮城の兵士たちにとっては凄まじい惨劇となった。
- It was a terrible disaster to the soldiers of Iwate and Miyagi.
- 派兵を免れたことが徳川家康が後に天下を取る要因の一つとなった。
- The fact that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was exempted from sending troops to Korea was one of factors allowing Ieyasu to conquer the whole country.
- このことは,口分田の荒廃をもたらし,班田制動揺の一因となった。
- This resulted in the ruin of Kubunden (rice fields given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system), which became a factor of shaking the Handen-sei (Ritsuryo land-allotment system).
- 国一揆が形成される契機として主に以下のような要因が挙げられる。
- Kuni ikki were formed primarily as a result from the following factors:
- 印譜『巽斎捐因』や『終南悟心印譜』にその刻印が掲載されている。
- Seal patterns he carved are included in 'Sensaienin' and 'Shunan Goshin Inpu,' both an Inpu (a compilation of seal marks).
- 桃園大納言と称されるが、これは師氏の邸宅名桃園第と極官に因む。
- He was called Momozono Dainagon (Dainagon: chief councillor of state) after the name of his residence Momozono-dai (Momozono Mansion) and the highest official rank he was conferred.
- 一般に、政治的統一は民族的等質性の結果ではなくむしろ原因である。
- In general, political integration is not a result of racial homogeneity but a cause.
- 夕霧の名は彼が中心人物になる巻の名に因んで後世の人がつけたもの。
- Yugiri was named for posterity after the title of the volume in which he acts as a central figure.
- 巻名は、浮舟 (源氏物語)の隠れ家を訪れた薫が詠んだ和歌に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry which Kaoru composed when he visited Ukifune's refuge.
- 北海道三笠市は、この山に因んで名づけられた同名の山が由来である。
- Mikasa City, Hokkaido was named after another mountain of the same name which had been named after this Mt. Wakakusa.
- そのことが、昭和天皇が最後まで東京を離れなかった一因ともされる。
- So, this concern for his mother was considered to be the one of factors for the Emperor Showa to remain in, and never leaving Tokyo.
- このことが治承・寿永の内乱へつながる一要因になったとされている。
- Their dissatisfaction is regarded as one of the factors that triggered the Jisho-Juei Civil War.
- 元丈跡目で弟弟子でもある本因坊丈和と算節が対局した(算節先番)。
- At that time, he played against Jowa HONINBO, the heir of Honinbo family and a junior disciple (Sansetsu took the first move).
- 『愚管抄』によれば「ユユシキ過言」をしたのが原因であったという。
- According to 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool), the cause of this dismissal was 'seriously improper statement.'
- 幸長の死因は腎虚(花柳病)であるが、これは清正と同じ死因である。
- Yoshinaga's cause of death was renal ischemia (social diseases), which was the same as the cause of death of Kiyomasa.
- 官位は佐渡守、因幡守、右京亮、最終官位は従四位下侍従・右京大夫。
- He held the positions of Governor of Sado Province, Governor of Inaba Province, Ukyo no suke (Assistant Master of the Western Capital Offices); his last official rank was Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and his last positions were Jiju (Chamberlain) and Ukyo no daibu (Master of the Western Capital Offices).
- 帰朝後、原因不明の脳発作のような持病が一気に再発・悪化し始めた。
- Upon his return, his chronic disease, which was a kind of brain attack of unknown etiology, relapsed and rapidly became serious.
- (因みに、2008年7月に解放令公布から50000日を経過する。)
- (Incidentally, 50,000 days elapsed from the proclamation of Kaiho Rei in July, 2008.)
- 因テ諸手ニ命セラレ、一同ニツヘ鐵砲ヲ放テ、総御人数ヲ引揚ケラル。」
- Therefore, Masamune ordered the whole troops to withdraw after firing a volley.'
- また、藩主と家臣団の軋轢を要因としてお家騒動を起こした例もあった。
- There were also instances of a feud caused by friction between the feudal lord and a group of his retainers.
- これらの事情が、親族の権利関係が戸主の意思に左右される原因となる。
- Those conditions above result in relation of rights of relatives controlled by a head of a family.
- 能因本系統の枕草子本文に、詳細な傍注・標注・校合・考証などを施す。
- The book contains detailed marginal notes, commentaries, collations and historical artefacts regarding the noin-bon 'Makura no Soshi.'
- 結果家斉の機嫌を損ね、事件後に松平定信が失脚、辞職する遠因となる。
- As a result, Ienari was offended, and Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA was ousted after the incident and so became the remote cause of a resignation.
- このため、宮中の混乱と元への依存が深まり、王朝衰退の要因となった。
- Because of this, the imperial court confused and reliance on Yuan increased, and the dynasty declined.
- また原資料を編纂する際の兼将のミスに起因するらしい誤謬も存在する。
- There are also errors that have appeared to have been caused by mistakes made by Kanemasa while compiling the original sources.
- 本項では『鳥取藩史』着座家伝、『因府年表』記載のものを参考にした。
- In this column, his age at death is based on the 'Inpunenpyo' (Chronological Table of Tottori) and the records of deputy of chief retainer from 'Tottori-han shi' (History Record of Tottori Domain).
- これが原因で在数と政基の中は険悪化し、九条家への出仕も止められた。
- As a result, the relationship between Arikazu and Masamoto became tense and Arikazu was banned from the Kujo family.
- 因幡在国時は法美郡百谷(現・鳥取市)の地に屋敷を構えていたという。
- While Suketsuna was in Inaba Province he allegedly had a residence in Momodani, Homi County (present day Tottori City).
- 原因は不明だが、受領と在地領主である忠常との対立が高じたものらしい。
- Its cause is not clear, but it seems that this was because of the deepened confrontation between Zuryo (provincial governor) and Tadatsune, the resident land holder.
- 警察側は、農民のうち1名が馬で警察署に乗り入れたのが原因としている。
- Police said they tried to arrest demonstrators because one demonstrator tried to break into the police office mounting on a horse.
- このため、藩札の価値は大暴落して財政を却って悪化させる原因となった。
- As a result, the value of the han bills dropped greatly and caused the economy to worsen.
- この問題は、日朝双方の国交に対する思惑がすれ違ったことが原因である。
- The root of this problem lied in Japan and Korea's differing expectations regarding diplomatic relations.
- このことが一ノ谷の戦いの勝敗を決したとの説がある(平氏敗北の要因)。
- Therefore, there is a theory that the Taira clan's behavior at this point resulted in the winning or losing of the Battle of Ichinotani (the primary factor in the defeat of the Taira clan).
- 原因は電気回路の設置に不備があり致死量の電流が流れなかった為である。
- The cause was inappropriate installation of electronic circuit and mortal current was not generated.
- 近年、その死因について多くの説が立てられている山口鋠少佐(大隊長)。
- There have been many theories about the cause of death of Major Shin YAMAGUCHI in recent years.
- 島津氏が西軍に付いたのは、当時の情報収集能力の欠如が原因と言われる。
- It is said that the Shimazu clan sided with the Western Army because it lacked the ability to gather information.
- しかし、このことが三好氏の義輝に対する危機感を抱かせる要因となった。
- However, these initiatives by Yoshiteru also induced the Miyoshi clan to entertain strong suspicion against him to a critical level.
- 農業や治水面での不作為が原因で、現地の住民や政府・行政に責任がある。
- It has been caused because no appropriate actions have been taken for farming and controlling water, and the responsibility resides in the residents, governments and administrations concerned.
- 時氏は因幡国・伯耆国・丹波国・丹後国・美作国の五カ国の守護となった。
- Tokiuji became a shugo (provincial military governor) of the five provinces of Inaba, Hoki, Tamba, Tango and Mimasaka.
- そのために、以降東西二系統の「福助」が並立し、因縁つきの名跡となる。
- Since then, the two lines of Fukusuke have coexisted, one in the east and one in the west, and the name has become a topic of considerable debate.
- 同年7月、襲封して肥前国島原藩主となり、従五位下因幡守に叙せられた。
- On August, the same year, he inherited the territories to become the lord of Shimabara Domain, Hizen Province and was given the status of Jugoinoge Inaba no kami.
- 貞享元年(1684年)12月25日には従五位下因幡守に叙任している。
- On January 29, 1685, he was raised to the peerage of the Governor of the Inaba Province in Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).
- これには外様の大名であった大和宇陀藩の織田信武騒動などが原因であった。
- It was due to an incident of Nobutake ODA of Uda Domain in Yamato Province, who was tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord).
- この火災の原因は今もって不明(ただし、官軍による自焼説が有力)である。
- The cause of the fire is still unknown (as a persuasive opinion, it is said that the government army set fire to itself.)
- ふなんこぐい等のような壬申の乱に因む風習が残るのは、佐賀県鹿島である。
- In Kashima, Saga Prefecture, customs like eating funan kogui (local cuisine of Kashima city, Saga prefecture), which was associated with the Jinshin Rebellion still continued.
- 信西一門の政治主導に対する反発が、平治の乱勃発の最大の原因と思われる。
- The backlash generated by the political initiatives Shinzei and his family were launching is considered to be the biggest cause of the outbreak of the Heiji Rebellion.
- 祐豊は誠通を討って弟の山名豊定を因幡国守護とし、山名氏の統一を果たす。
- Suketoyo defeated Nobumichi and assigned the position of the Inaba Shugo to his younger brother, Toyosada, which led to the unification of the Yamana clan.
- 高信が寺に入ると門を閉ざし、これを討ったため、因幡の武田氏は滅亡した。
- When Takanobu entered the temple, the Yamana clan closed the gate and killed him, and the Takeda clan in Inaba was extinguished.
- 三沢為虎の息子・三沢為朝が鳥取藩池田氏に仕えて因幡三沢氏の祖となった。
- Tametomo MISAWA, a son of Tametora MISAWA, founded the Inaba Misawa clan when he served the Ikeda clan of the Tottori Domain.
- 先行様々な説があり何が原因で謀反に及んだのか、真相はよく解っていない。
- Since there were so many different views, the real truth of why Murashige ARAKI raised the rebellion is not clear.
- そのため、宮方は水軍を全く持っていなかったことが決定的な敗因となった。
- It is due to this that the imperial faction's complete lack of navy was the decisive reason for its defeat.
- その原因の一つにcedar をスギと訳したため、という説が挙げられる。
- It can be suggested that one reason for this is the translation of the Japanese word 'sugi' as 'cedar' as opposed to 'Japanese cedar.'
- しかしそれが原因で同年井伊直弼による政治弾圧「安政の大獄」に連座する。
- This caused him to be often arrested as a rebel under the political oppression which was called 'Ansei no Taigoku' (the suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) led by Naosuke II in the same year.
- 一命は取り留めたが、その傷と治療が原因で首が横に曲がったままになった。
- He survived, but his neck was skewed because of the injury and inappropriate treatment.
- 嘉永3年(1850年)12月16日、従五位下・因幡守に叙位・任官する。
- He was given Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as the Inaba no kami (a governor of Inaba Province) on January 17, 1851.
- しかし、酒の飲み過ぎが原因でやはり早死にし、弟の坂上浄野が家督を嗣ぐ。
- But since he died early from drinking too much Sake, his brother, SAKANOUE no Kiyono took over the head of the family.
- 天正10年(1582年)に戦功が認められ、因幡国鳥取城の城代となった。
- In 1582 his distinguished war service was recognized, when he became Chamberlain of Tottori-jo Castle in the Inaba Province.
- ともかく、信君の裏切りは武田諸将に衝撃を与え、武田氏滅亡の一因となる。
- In any case, Nobukimi's betrayal shocked Takeda's warlords and became one of the reasons for the fall of the Takeda clan.
- そうした技術を持っていたが故に、因みに安土城には百々橋なる橋があった。
- There is a bridge called Dodo-bashi Bridge in the site of Azuchi-jo Castle, which tells that he had the techniques of bridge construction.
- 没後は、本因坊算砂、算悦、道硯、算哲らと同じく、京都寂光寺に葬られた。
- After his death, he was buried in the Kyoto Jakko-ji Temple as was Sansa, Saneetsu, Doseki and Santetsu HONINBO.
- 若桜藩(わかさはん)は因幡国八東郡(鳥取県八頭郡若桜町)周辺を領した藩。
- The Wakasa Domain was a feudal domain owning areas around Hatto-gun, Inaba Province (Wakasa-cho, Yazu-gun, Tottori Prefecture).
- 因幡国鳥取藩支藩 - 池田氏(後に鳥取藩鹿奴藩および鳥取藩若桜藩となる)
- A branch domain of Tottori Domain, Inaba Province - the Ikeda clan (later became Shikano Domain of Tottori Domain and Wakasa Domain of Tottori Domain)
- 発布の直接の因となったのは、12月山縣有朋の建議が採用されたことである。
- The direct cause of the issuance was that Aritomo YAMAGATA's proposal was adopted in December.
- 4月3日、県は毛里田地区の土壌汚染についても足尾銅山の鉱毒が原因と断定。
- On April 3, the prefecture concluded the contaminated soil in Morita area was also due to the mining pollution from the Ashio copper mine.
- 日記の名称は忠平の諡号「貞信公」に因んだもので、『貞信公御記』ともいう。
- The diary's title derives from Tadahira's shigo (posthumous name) 'Teishinko,' but the is also called 'Teishinko Gyoki.'
- このことが神秘的な感じを与え、これも六曜の人気の要因の一つとなっている。
- This gives a mysterious aura to rokuyo and is one of the reasons for the popularity.
- 出雲国、因幡国を転戦し、尼子氏再興の志を秘めて山名氏の軍勢にも加わった。
- They took part in various battles held in Izumo and Inaba Province, and even joined the army of the Yamana clan with the aim of restoring the Amago clan firmly in mind.
- また道悦も2年後に隠居し本因坊道策に家督を継がせ、道策が名人碁所に就く。
- Two years later, Doetsu also retired and let Dosaku HONINBO iherit the position of the family head and Dosaku assumed the postion of meijin godokoro.
- この年の御城碁に最後の出仕、既に八段の本因坊秀和に白番で7目負けとした。
- This year, he attended at the court for Oshirogo for the last time and lost to Shuwa HONINBO, who was already at eighth-dan, by 7 points at shiroban (white; player starts second).
- 6歳で従五位下を授けられ、翌年には父の知行国であった因幡国が与えられる。
- He was conferred to the Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at the age of six, and the next year, he was given Inaba Province which was once his father's chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom).
- これらの行動は平氏に大きな打撃となり都落ちを決定付ける要因の一つとなる。
- These acts inflicted a heavy blow to the Taira clan, acting as a decisive factor for the exile from the capital.
- 1624-30年頃に皇居で道碩との対局があり(因碩先)、ジゴとしている。
- During the time around 1624 to 1630, there was a match between Doseki (Insekisaki) and Genkaku at the Imperial Palace and the game was a draw.
- 元は父・松良天皇と遠祖尊良親王に因み「父薬師」と称していたものだという。
- MIURA said that it was originally called '父薬師' (pronounced chichiyakushi) after his father the Emperor Matsunaga and his forefather Imperial Prince Takayoshi.
- それが主要な原因となり、第3回の押出しが、1898年9月26日に行われた。
- Mainly due to this reason peasants started off for Tokyo on September 26, 1898 for the third mass demonstration.
- また、諍いが原因で大名家を出奔した家臣がお家騒動の発端をつくった例もある。
- There were also cases of family feud triggered by a retainer who left the household of his lord after a conflict.
- 彼は、浪人発生の原因である大名の改易を減らす為に、末期養子の禁を緩和した。
- He eased a restrictive measure called Matsugo yoshi no kin (ban on adoption as a son on one's deathbed) in order to reduce the number of kaieki sanctions, which was the cause for the increased ronin.
- 談林派(だんりんは)は、西山宗因らを中心にして江戸時代に栄えた俳諧の一派。
- Danrin-ha was a shool of Haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) in the Edo period, which flourished under Soin NISHIYAMA.
- 巻名は、光源氏の40歳の祝いの席に養女の玉鬘が若菜を差し出したことに因む。
- The title of this chapter came from the wakana which Hikaru Genji's adopted daughter, Tamakazura, presented him at his fortieth birthday ceremony.
- 巻名は光源氏と玉鬘 (源氏物語)が常夏の花(ナデシコ)を詠んだ和歌に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from a wild carnation about which Hikaru Genji and Tamakazura composed waka poems.
- 歌集に「能因集」があり、ほかに私撰集「玄々集」、歌学書「能因歌枕」がある。
- His personal collection of poetry is 'Noin shu' and he also compiled 'Gengen shu,' a collection of poetry, and wrote a book on tanka poetics called 'Noin Utamakura.'
- 将校の生存確率が高いのも、兵卒より防寒機能が高い装備が一因と言われている。
- It is said that one of the reasons why the survival probability of the officers was high is because their equipment had better cold protection functions than those of nonofficial soldiers.
- なお、『先代旧事本紀』国造本紀因幡国造条に「彦坐王児彦多都彦命」と見える。
- Additionally, there was a written article on 'A child of Prince Hikoimasu (Hikoimasu no Miko), Hikotatsuhiko (彦多都彦命)' in the articles of 'Inaba no kunimiyatsuko,' which were written in the document: Sendai Kujihongi (Ancient Japanese History), and in a section of the Kokuzo hongi (the original record of provincial governors).
- 生産力の高い濃尾平野を早い時期に統一的に支配できたことが大きな要因である。
- The main factor for this is that he succeeded in bringing the productive Nobi Plain under a unified rule.
- その要因のひとつとして、その政権内部が強固に確立されていたからだと言える。
- This is partly because the foundation for the government was firmly established.
- また島津軍が大量の鉄砲を防御に使用し、効果を挙げたことも大きな要因である。
- In addition, using a great amount of guns as defense to increase the strength of Shimazu army became a great factor contributing to victory.
- また女性との交遊も多く、これが夫人と岡倉天心の不倫の一因になったとされる。
- He also enjoyed sexual relations with many women, which is said to be one of the reasons why his wife had an affair with Tenshin OKAKURA.
- 元美は後に『因云碁話』に改題したが、『爛柯堂棋話』の名で主に伝わっている。
- Genbi later changed the title of the work to '因云碁話' but it is mostly passed down as 'Rankadokiwa'.
- この一派を伊豫大森氏といい、備前国、伊予国、因幡国、出雲国で繁栄している。
- His group was called Iyo Omori clan and was prosperous in Bizen Province, Iyo Province, Inaba Province, and Izumo Province.
- このため、これが後の井伊直弼による安政の大獄の一因を成したと言われている。
- It is said that this became one of the causes of the later Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate) by Naosuke II.
- ただし、顕信の出家の2ヶ月前にあった事件が出家の一因であったとの説がある。
- However, some said that his becoming a priest was caused by an incident which had occurred two months before.
- 原因は不明であるが、これによって勘解由小路家は後継者不在となってしまった。
- Although the cause is not known, there was no successor to the Kadenokoji family.
- 因みに、この石器の担い手はホモ・ハビリスもしくは頑丈型猿人と推測されている。
- By the way, these stone tools are presumed to have been sustained by Homo Habilis of Genus Homo or Genus Paranthropus.
- 巻名は本文の「世人は匂ふ兵部卿、薫る中将と聞きにくく言ひつづけて…」に因む。
- The title was derived from the body of text saying 'People always call them Niou (perfumed) Hyobukyo (head of the Ministry of War) and Kaoru (sweet-smelling) Chujo (Middle Captain).'
- 歌合に作者として出詠するほか、藤原長能・源道済・能因法師などと交流があった。
- He participated in Uta-awase (poetry competitions) as a poet and interacted with FUJIWARA no Nagato, MINAMOTO no Michinari, the priest Noin, and others.
- 江戸幕府はこうした諸藩の専売を物価高騰の原因として好意的には見ていなかった。
- Although the Edo bakufu didn't take a favorable view to domains' monopoly, considering it as the cause of steep price rise.
- イメージ低下の直接的要因は、温泉街の南側の湖畔沿いに形成された風俗街である。
- The red-light area, built on the lakeside located on the south of the hot springs resort area, is the direct cause that damages the image of the resort area.
- それが原因となって允恭天皇が崩御した後に木梨軽皇子は失脚、伊予へ流刑となる。
- As a result, Kinashi no karu no miko was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo, and was deported to Iyo Province.
- その後、豊国は秀吉から因幡にわずかの所領を与えられ、御伽衆として迎えられた。
- Subsequently, Toyokuni was given a small territory in Inaba and assigned the position of otogishu (adviser).
- 地球温暖化による降水量減少が原因で、先進国を中心とした世界全体に責任がある。
- It has been caused by a decrease in rainfall due to global warming, and the responsibility resides in advanced nations.
- 池田 定保(いけだ さだやす)は、因幡若桜藩(鳥取西館新田藩)の第7代藩主。
- Sadayasu IKEDA (池田 定保) was the seventh lord of Inaba-wakasa Domain (the Tottori Nishikan Nitta domain).
- また岩倉具視が重兵衛の茶園を彼の先祖の念仏重兵衛に因み「念仏園」と命名した。
- In addition, Tomomi IWAKURA named Jubei's tea garden 'Nenbutsu En' after IWAKURA's ancestor, Jubei NENBUTSU.
- 文徳天皇の代に855年正月の除目により従四位下に進むと同時に因幡国守を拝任。
- In the Emperor Montoku's era, by jimoku (ceremony to appoint officials) in January 855, he was promoted to Jushiige (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and he assumed the position of Inaba no kuni no kami (the governor of Inaba Province).
- 徳川家康の死の原因とも言われる「鯛の天ぷら」を家康に勧めたのは清次とされる。
- It is said that Kiyotsugu was the one who recommended the 'sea bream tempura' to Ieyasu, which is said to be the cause of death of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 文政11年(1828年)に本因坊丈和が碁所を出した際、元美は添願人となった。
- In 1828, Jowa HONINBO issued Godokoro, (a title that was given in Japan from the beginning of the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration. In that period it was the highest official standing that could be attained by a Go player) and Genbi became a tengannin (additional person signing a written request).
- だが、箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで足利尊氏方に寝返って、新田義貞敗走の一因となった。
- But then he switched to Takauji ASHIKAGA's side in the Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita, which contributed to a rout of Yoshisada NITTA.
- また安芸国周防国・因幡国・伯耆国・出雲国・日向国などに恩賞地を拝領している。
- He also received Onshochi (a land given for reward) such as the Provinces of Aki, Suo, Inaba, Hoki, Izumo, and Hyuga.
- 82番 思いわび さても命は あるものを 憂きに堪へぬは 涙なりけり 道因法師
- No. 82: Unrequited love would have killed me, only the anguish was so overwhelming that I could not contain my tears by Doin the Priest.
- しかしながら、因幡国守護であった山名豊国がのちに羽柴秀吉に降り御伽衆となった。
- However, later, Toyokuni YAMANA, the military governor of Inaba Province, surrendered to Hideyoshi HASHIBA to become Otogishu (whose function was to chat with his master).
- 光秀が反旗を翻した原因については定かではなく、現在でも定説が確立されていない。
- The cause of Mitsuhide's revolt is not clear and, even today, we have no firm explanation about this incident.
- 京都市役所のホームページの外郭色は紫だが、これは「山紫水明」に因んだ色である。
- The outer barley of Kyoto City Web is purple, based on the word 'sanshisuimei,' or scenic beauty.
- この厳しすぎる処分は、関ヶ原の戦いで蒲生家を東軍に与させる遠因にもなっている。
- This severe punishment became an indirect reason for the Gamo family's switching to the side of the Eastern Army during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 『戦国合戦大事典』によると「謀反の原因については不明な点が多い」と記している。
- According to 'Sengoku Kassen Daijiten' (literally, 'Encyclopedia of battles in the Sengoku period'), it is recorded as 'There are many unclear points about the cause of the rebellion.'
- しかし、スギがないはずの欧米でも、スギ花粉も花粉症の原因になるとよく言われる。
- However, it is often stated that Japanese cedar pollen is a cause of hay fever in Europe and North America where there would not expected to be any Japanese cedar trees.
- このような市田一族による薩摩藩政の私物化は後の近思録崩れの原因の一つとなった。
- The reckless management and misappropriation of Satsuma domain governance by Ichida clan led to one of the causes for the occurrence of Kinshiroku-kuzure Incident later.
- これが引き金となって経清は安倍氏の陣営に属し、前九年の役が長引く原因となった。
- This triggered Tsunekiyo to belong to the Abe clan's camp and prolonged the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War).
- 大牟田市三池にある酒蔵を改装した料亭「光世会館」の名前は、三池典太光世に因む。
- There is a Japanese style restaurant called 'Mitsuyo Kaikan,' whose building used to be a sake brewery before its refurbishment, in Miike, Omuta City, and this restaurant was named after Tenta Mitsuyo MIIKE.
- なお国人衆の反発は勝頼の中央集権化を目指した政策に原因があるとする意見もある。
- Some people attribute the rebellion of Kokujin-shu to Katsuyori's policies aiming for centralization.
- 首都北京近辺における義和団の横行を許したのは、義和団の強大化だけが原因ではない。
- The Boxers were permitted to go on rampages in neighborhoods of the capital Beijing, but the massive scale of the Boxers was just one reason for this.
- 含まれているシュウ酸などによって曇りの原因となる汚れが取り除かれ、輝きが蘇った。
- Grime which caused tarnishes was removed by substances such as oxalic acid contained in the above-mentioned plants, and the mirror regained its gloss.
- これは三好政権の混乱の一因となり、足利義昭を擁立する織田信長を利する結果となる。
- This became a factor of confusion in the Miyoshi regime, eventually working in the interests of Nobunaga ODA who supported Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- 巻名は薫が詠んだ和歌「橋姫の心を汲みて高瀬さす棹のしづくに袖ぞ濡れぬる」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry which Kaoru (Hikaru GENJI's grandson) composed: 'Wet are my sleeves as the oars that work these shallows. For my heart knows the heart of the lady at the bridge.'
- このため、高地性集落の盛行は倭国大乱を原因とするものだという理解が主流であった。
- Therefore the Wakoku War was considered as a reason for the prospering of the upland settlements.
- - 天智天皇が日本で初めて水時計(漏刻)を設置した故事に因み、時計博物館を併設。
- It has also the Clock Museum, in connection with the historical event that Emperor Tenchi installed a water clock (rokoku) for the first time in Japan.
- その結果、生活基盤が崩壊する賎民が続出して部落差別問題の深刻化の一因ともなった。
- As a result, there occurred the collapse of livelihood for many Senmin, thus contributing to the deepening of the Buraku discrimination problem.
- 政府の財政を窮乏させる原因となったのは、西南戦争による過大な戦費の支出であった。
- It was the vast war spending of Seinan War that aggravated the government's finance.
- 脚気の原因がわからなかった時代の日清・日露戦争は、まさに脚気との闘いでもあった。
- It could be said that the Sino-Japanese War (1894-'95) and the Russo-Japanese War, which were fought in an age when the causes for beriberi were unknown, were indeed, also struggles against beriberi.
- 因みに石高一万石の領主を大名とする一つの基準は、備を一つでも編成できる事にある。
- Incidentally, one of the criteria for a feudal lord with a kokudaka of 10,000 koku to become a daimyo was his ability to organize at least one sonae.
- 国一揆が形成される要因のひとつとして外部からの政治的圧力の介入などが挙げられる。
- One factor causing an uprising in a province was interference by political pressure from outside.
- 1822年(文政5年)京都寂光寺にて本因坊算砂法印200回忌追善法会が行われた。
- In 1822, the memorial service for the 200th anniversary of the death of Sansa HONINBO hoin (the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) was held at Jakko-ji Temple in Kyoto.
- 父は大阪御堂前の菓子商鯛屋善右衛門(俳号:貞因)で、兄に狂歌師油煙斎貞柳がいる。
- His father was Zenemon TAIYA, a merchant of confectionery in Midomae, Osaka Prefecture (with the haiku pen name of Teiin), and his older brother was kyokashi named Yuensaiteiryu.
- 因みに斎村姓は、父の政秀の死後、一時避難をしていた才村(又は佐江村)に由来する。
- By the way, the surname of Saimura comes from Sai-mura Village (才村) (or Sai-mura Village佐江村) where Masahiro was evacuated for a while after his father, Masahide, died.
- 頼朝の死因を自らが滅ぼした源義広、義経、行家、安徳天皇の亡霊によると記している。
- It states death of Yoritomo was an act of apparition of Emperor Antoku, MINAMOTO no Yoshihiro, Yoshitsune and Yukiie, whom he destroyed.
- この戦いは記念日まで設けられ、4月13日がそれに因んで「決闘の日」とされている。
- After the duel, April 13 is called 'Ketto no hi' (the day of the duel).
- これが原因で、華陽院は同年5月6日に処刑されたとされる(「松平記」の記述とされる。
- According to The Book of the Matsudaira Clan, Kayouin was executed in June 9, 1560 as a result of this incident.
- そのことによる金銀比価の差が大きかったために、大量の小判金流出を招く原因となった。
- Therefore, much higher-valued koban gold coins exchangeable to the ichibu-gin coins (four ichibu-gin silver coins for one koban gold coin) was drained out in massive amount.
- そのことに対する(桐野の)山縣への嫉妬と敵意がこの事件の追及を強めた原因とされる。
- KIRINO's jealousy and hostility against YAMAGATA was ascribed to the intensified pursuit of this incident.
- 巻名は宴の席で弁少将(頭中将の次男、後の紅梅 (源氏物語))が歌った催馬楽に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from saibara (a genre of Heian-period Japanese court music primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies) which Ben no shosho (the second son of To no Chujo, the first secretary's captain, later known as Kobai) sang.
- 興元の興の字は兄・細川忠興からのもので、元の字は藤孝の養父・元常に因むといわれる。
- It is said that the letter '興' in Okimoto (興元) was after his older brother Tadaoki (忠興) HOSOKAWA, and the letter '元' was after Mototsune (元常), the foster father of Fujitaka.
- このため絶えず城の補修を余儀なくされ、これが藩の財政を逼迫させる一因となっていた。
- So the renovation of the castle was constantly required, which put a heavy burden on the clan's finances.
- これは(大政奉還を勅許し)政権が天皇に復した日が11月10日だった事に因んでいる。
- This is because the restoration of the imperial rule was carried out on November 10 (the day of the sanction for Taisei Hokan).
- 朝鮮王朝にとって公貿易は利益を産み出すものではなく国庫を圧迫する要因となっていた。
- For the Korean Dynasty, the public trade was not a source of benefits, and it was rather a great strain on the national treasury.
- また父六左衛門は文芸にも造詣が深く、竹影と号しているが篠崎小竹に因んだと言われる。
- Rokuzaemon had deep knowledge in literature, and called himself as 'Chikuei,' believed to have named after Shochiku SHINOZAKI.
- 乳児の病気の原因は母親にあるとして、付き添いの母親を必要以上に診察した逸話がある。
- The anecdote said that he, beyond necessity, examined mothers who were attending children, since he believed the cause of children's illness lay in mothers.
- 特に伏見の別邸は能因・源経信・藤原通俊ら同時代の歌人たちの交流の場にもなっていた。
- In particular, Toshitsuna's second residence in Fushimi was a meeting place for contemporary poets, including Noin, MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu, and FUJIWARA no Michitoshi.
- 巻名は頭中将が詠んだ和歌「春日さす藤の裏葉のうらとけて君し思はば我も頼まむ」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem that To no Chujo (the first secretary's captain) composed: 'New leaves of wisteria in the sunlight of spring; if you open your heart to me, I will place my trust in you.'
- 古く京都は、しばしば中国王朝の都となった洛陽に因み、京洛、洛中、洛陽などといわれた。
- In ancient times, Kyoto was frequently called names which included Kyoraku, Rakuchu and Rakuyo after Luoyang (Rakuyo in Japanese) which became the capital of imperial China.
- これは中世社会が(今日的な視点で見れば)極めて非中央集権的な社会となる要因となった。
- This made medieval society extremely decentralized (from today's point of view).
- 兵農分離による家臣の城下への集住は、楽市楽座とともに、城下町発展の大きな要因となる。
- Having their vassals move and live around the castles became a big factor for the castles to develop besides rakuichi-rakuza (free markets and open guilds).
- 本書は、重明親王の極官が式部卿であったため、式部の唐名「吏部」に因んで名付けられた。
- The name of the diary derives from 'riho,' the Chinese equivalent of Shikibu, which was the highest position (Shikibukyo [Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial]) that Imperial Prince Sigeakira held in the court during his lifetime.
- これが農民から見ると賦課の不公平にも見られ、時には農民一揆の原因になることもあった。
- As this was seen to be unfair imposition on the peasants, there are some cases of these estimates resulting in revolts.
- しかし、四世蔵六のとき代々伝えられた印籍類が火災で焼失したことが原因とも考えられる。
- However, the reason for the change of style might be attributed to the loss of books on tenkoku (engraving letters on the material of a seal) and other materials kept in the family for generations in the fire in Zoroku HAMAMURA V's time.
- 算砂200回忌追善法会席上での本因坊丈和との対局が著名で、気合いのいい碁と言われる。
- Playing of a game of igo against Jowa HONINBO at the memorial service for the 200th anniversary of Sansa's death is well-known, which is regarded as a high-spirited match.
- 原因は大宮有忠が胴元となった四一半(サイコロを用いた丁半賭博のようなもの)にあった。
- This was caused by shiichi-han (type of chohan tobaku, or gambling at a game of dice) whose bookmaker was Aritada OMIYA.
- この事件は事実かどうかは定かではないが、この一件は森が暗殺される要因の一つになった。
- Whether or not this was true is uncertain, but this incident was one of the causes of Mori's assassination.
- (根岸友山は、新選組近藤一派に因る粛清が始まると、壬生浪士組を離脱し新徴組に合流)。
- (Yuzan NEGISHI left the Mibu-Roshigumi to join the Shinchogumi when the Kondo group of the Shinsengumi started purging.)
- 京都等持寺の僧侶策彦周良に元親夫妻の雅号(雪渓、水心理因)を求める使者となっている。
- He was the envoy seeking gago (Sekkei, Suishinriin) for Motochika and his wife from the priest Shuryo SAKUGEN of Kyoto Toji-ji Temple.
- 『吾妻鏡』は頼家の死因についてとくに記していないが、おそらく暗殺されたと見てよかろう。
- 'Azuma Kagami' did not mention about the cause of death of Yoriie, but it can be deemed that Yoriie was assassinated.
- 大高は断ったが、腰抜け侍と見て調子に乗った団蔵は「詫び証文を書け」と因縁をつけてくる。
- When Otaka refused, Danzo got carried away thinking he was a coward samurai and started telling him to write an apology.
- また大蔵省の権限は省庁の中でも突出していたため、しばしば右院の機能不全の原因となった。
- The Ministry of Finance, whose power stood out of all the ministries, often caused the Uin to malfunction.
- この協定の中で、桂は、韓国政府がちょうど停戦した日露戦争の直接の原因であると指摘した。
- In this agreement, Katsura pointed out that the Korean government was the direct cause of the Russo-Japanese War, which had just reached a cease-fire.
- 江戸時代の手伝普請も各藩の負担は過重であり、藩の財政を逼迫させる要因のひとつとなった。
- Tetsudai Fushin in the Edo period strained the financial status of each domain and became one of the causes for the financial difficulties of the domains.
- 因みに、『隋書』の著者は、魏徴(ぎちょう ?- 貞観_(唐)17年(643))である。
- By the way, the author of 'Suishu' is Gicho (? - 643).
- しかし鎖国を西欧の植民地とならなかった要因とするには根拠が脆弱と言わざるを得なくなる。
- However, it is difficult to say whether or not this viewpoint can connect national isolation with the reason why Japan did not become a colony of West European countries.
- 「能因集」に嘉言が対馬守として下向する際の贈答歌や、嘉言を追悼する歌が載せられている。
- 'Noin shu' includes Zotoka (poetry exchanged between a man and a woman) about his leaving the capital as Tsushima no Kami and elegies on his death.
- 「浮舟」という呼称は彼女が詠んだ和歌に因むもので、古注釈などで初めて現れる名前である。
- The name of 'Ukifune' was derived from the waka poem composed by her and first appeared in commentaries of the ancients.
- すなわち、遣唐使停止は日本文化の国風化を加速させる要因であったとみることが適当である。
- Therefore, it is convenient to conclude that the demise of Japanese missions to Tang China was a factor that accelerated making Japanese cultures more kokufu-styled.
- 対立もあり、939年(天慶2年)の源経基と武蔵武芝の争いは承平天慶の乱の遠因となった。
- Conflicts erupted among them, and in 939 the clash between MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto and MUSASHI no Takeshiba nearly triggered the beginning of Johei Tengyo no Ran (Johei Tengyo Rebellion).
- 撰銭を巡る問題は、16世紀の日本に強力な中央政権が存在しなかったことにも起因していた。
- Problems centered on the erizeni act were also generated partially because no strong centralized government existed in Japan during the sixteenth century.
- 仏教にはそのような性質がもともと具わっていたことが神仏習合を生んだ大きな要因であった。
- Such nature of Buddhism was the key factor of the birth of shinbutsu-shugo.
- しかしこの事が原因で同年に井伊直弼が発動した反対派への大弾圧安政の大獄の際に連座した。
- However, this caused him to be implicated in Ansei no Taigoku, which was a large-scale suppression of opponents invoked in the same year by Naosuke II.
- 立会人の服部因淑が助け起こして1手を打ったが、それ以上は進められずに打ち掛けとなった。
- The observer Inshuku HATTORI helped Sansetsu to get up and he took the move, but he could not continue the match anymore and had to leave the game unfinished for the day.
- 原因の一つに、同じ北朝 (日本)方である元鎮西奉行少弐氏とは不仲だった事があげられる。
- One of the causes for this was the matter of the Isshiki clan being on bad terms with the Shoni clan; the Shoni clan was for the Northern Court's (Japan) side, the same side of Isshiki clan and Shoni clan used to be the chinzei bugyo (a magistrate of Kyushu region).
- 元本はすでに行方が知れないが、『因云碁話』の名の写本が国立国会図書館に所蔵されている。
- Where about of the original script is unknown, but a manuscript of '因云碁話' is kept in National Diet Library.
- 忠知の死により近江蒲生氏の系統は断絶したがこれはタタリが遠因となったという巷説がある。
- Tadatomo's death resulted in the end of the line of the Omi-Gamo clan, which is said to be caused by a curse.
- 討死の際に敵将の首に噛み付き睨んで放さず、敵はそれが因で死んだと言う逸話が残っている。
- According to an anecdote, when he was dying, he bit an enemy's neck and glared at him without releasing it, which caused the enemy to die.
- 1601年(慶長6年) 山崎家盛は関ヶ原合戦で西軍に仕え敗戦、因幡国若桜藩に転封となる。
- In 1601 Iemori YAMAZAKI was forced to change his territory to Wakasa Domain in Inaba Province due to the defeat at the Battle of Sekigahara having taken the side of the West camp.
- イラク戦争を非合法的軍事力行使だとして従軍を拒否、イラク反戦の気運をもたらす一因を作る。
- He refused to deploy to Iraq, saying that the Iraq war was an illegal exercise of military force, and he contributed to the spreading anti-war sentiment.
- 『六代勝事記』:承久の乱を後鳥羽上皇が不徳の「悪王」であったことに原因があるとしている。
- 'Rokudai shojiki'(Record of the Triumphs of Six Imperial Generations): it claims the Jokyu Rebellion was a result of the fact that the retired Emperor Gotoba was an immoral 'wicked king.'
- 後に嘉吉の乱を起こし、応仁の乱にも深く関わるなど戦国時代_(日本)の到来の一因を作った。
- Later, it provoked the Kakitsu War and was also involved in the Onin War, in consequence, causing the arrival of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- 丈和から家督を継いだ本因坊丈策と安井算知は反駁書を出すが、寺社奉行からの沙汰は無かった。
- Josaku HONINBO, who took over the headship from Jowa, and Sanchi YASUI submitted letter of refutation, but there was no reply from jisha-bugyo.
- これに因んで、鉄砲は種子島銃とも呼ばれ、戦国時代 (日本)に大きな影響を及ぼす事になる。
- Based on that, firearms were called Tanegashima-ju (firearms of Tanegashima) and had major impact on the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 綱直の専制は、同5年(1599年)1月の宇喜多氏のお家騒動(宇喜多騒動)の一因となった。
- Tsunanao's autocracy contributed to the feud of Ukita Family in January, 1599.
- この件が直接の原因かは定かではないが、永井家はその後7万2000石を拝領する事になった。
- Although it is unknown whether this incident was the direct cause or not, the Nagai family received 72,000 koku, later.
- しかし、それが原因で親から勘当され、その手切金で「無名映画協会」を設立し、自ら出演した。
- As a result of this, however, he was disowned by his parents, but with the money he received from them, he founded Mumei Eiga Kyokai (production company) and featured himself.
- 天明元年9月、青蓮院宮訪問の際に松茸として食したキノコを原因とする中毒によって急死した。
- In September 1781, he died of poisoning by mushrooms, which he thought were matsutake, when he visited Shorenin-no-miya.
- 文明 (日本)6年(1478年)頃からはほぼ毎年、因幡在国と上洛を繰り返すようになった。
- From around 1478, Suketsuna repeated this trip nearly every year, traveling to Inaba Province and then returning to Kyoto.
- 因みに、戸籍と同じように、律令時代の人口(人頭)を知ることの出来る史料として、計帳がある。
- As a comparison, the keicho is another example of historic material that provides as much information on populations in the Ritsuryo period as family registers.
- 巻名は髭黒の娘が詠んだ和歌「今はとて宿かれぬとも馴れ来つる真木の柱はわれを忘るな」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem which Higekuro's daughter composed: 'Now I am leaving my house where I have lived; do not forget me, friendly cypress pillar.'
- 巻名は、中の君が詠んだ和歌「この春は誰にか見せむ 亡き人の形見に摘める 嶺の早蕨」に因む。
- The chapter title derives from the following verse by Naka no kimi: 'And to whom shall I show these early ferns from the mountain, plucked. In remembrance of one who is no more?'
- 戊辰戦争では戦争の様々な事柄や理由において、その原因を遺恨と結びつけて説明される事がある。
- In the Boshin War, the causes of various incidents and reasons are often explained by relating them to revenge.
- 元賢の弟の松田元脩は備中に逃れ(一説には因幡の山名豊国に仕えたという)、松田氏は滅亡した。
- Motokata's brother Motonaga fled to Bicchu (one theory is that he served for Toyokuni YAMANA in Inaba), and the Matsuda clan was destroyed.
- このため、仏教とは一切関係無く、仏事と関わり合いそうな言葉が多いのは、全くの当て字に因る。
- Therefore, the reason why there are many words which have no relation with Buddhism but seems to have a relation with butsuji is just phonetic equivalents.
- 俳諧:松永貞徳(貞門俳諧)、西山宗因(談林俳諧)、松尾芭蕉(蕉風俳諧)、与謝蕪村、小林一茶
- Haikai: Teitoku MATSUNAGA (Teimon-style haiku poetry), Soin NISHIYAMA (Danrin-style haiku poetry), Basho MATSUO (Bahso-style haiku poetry), Buson YOSA, and Issa KOBAYASHI
- こうした交易の制限を巡る軋轢が繰返される中、宗氏は不満を募らせ三浦の乱の一因となっていく。
- Dissatisfaction was growing at the So clan due to a number of conflicts over the trade restrictions, and that became one of the triggers for the Sanpo War.
- 呪禁師は道教の影響を受けて成立し、呪術によって病気の原因となる邪気を祓う治療などを行った。
- The jugonshi came into existence through the influence of Daoism on Japan, and carried out medical treatments by purifying any ailments caused by supernatural or magical forces.
- 幼名は平正盛から数えて直系の六代目に当たることに因んで「六代(ろくだい)」と名づけられた。
- Since he was the direct sixth descendant of TAIRA no Masamori, he was given the childhood name of 'Rokudai' (the sixth direct descendant).
- 3月8日頃、百姓姿に扮して土・因軍の囲みを突破、大宮市まで脱出、地元博徒のもとに落ち着く。
- Around March 31, he disguised himself as a farmer and burst through the surrounding Tosa and Inaba armies, escaped to Omiya City, and stayed with a local gambler.
- 内膳家紋は五七桐と細川九曜紋のほかに、裏紋として土岐桔梗紋がある(明智家ガラシャに因む)。
- The family crest of Naizen family are Goshichi no kiri and Hosokawa Kuyo (nine-planet crest), as well as Toki-Gikyo-mon as Ura-mon which was connected to Gracia of the AKECHI family.
- 加賀騒動、福岡藩黒田騒動、伊達騒動の三大お家騒動などではこれらの原因がいくつも複合していた。
- The feuds that broke out in the Kaga, Fukuoka and Date domains had the combination of a number of such causes.
- 巻名は光源氏が詠んだ和歌「恋ひわたる身はそれなれど玉かづらいかなる筋を尋ね来つらむ」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem that Genji composed, 'My love lives on as it did long ago, but tendril wreath, what winding stem led you to me?'
- 巻名は光源氏の詠んだ歌「タチバナの香をなつかしみホトトギス花散る里をたづねてぞとふ」に因む。
- The chapter name is derived from the poem Hikaru Genji composed, 'It catches the scent of memory, and favors the village where the orange blossoms fall.'
- 元禄期には因襲性の批判から伝統への反省が生まれ、日本の古代精神を明らかにする国学が発生した。
- During the Genroku era, criticisms of conventions and traditions led to the appearance of kokugaku (the study of Japanese literature and culture) in order to interpret the essence of ancient literature.
- 西光が師高の流罪を嘆き、強訴の張本人が明雲であるとして処罰を訴えたことが原因であったという。
- It is said that this was caused by Saiko, who saddened by the exile of Morotaka, blamed Myoun as the leader of the demonstrations and demanded punishment.
- 「安藤五郎は因果の道理を弁へて堂塔多く造りし善人也。いかにとして頸をばゑぞにとられぬるぞ。」
- Goro ANDO, was an excellent person who advocated the reason of cause and effect and constructed temples and pagodas, and how on earth he could be allowed the 'Emishi' to take his head.'
- しかし定着せず、幕末の動乱で一掃されるまで火縄銃が使われ続けた要因になったと考えられている。
- As a result they failed to take root in Japan and the matchlock guns were used until they were cleared out in the upheavals in the closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- そのような状況により、銭の相場が乱高下して経済混乱に拍車をかけ、明の海禁政策の一因となった。
- This situation made the money value fluctuate significantly, accelerating economic turmoil, and causing Kaikin Policy to be employed by Ming.
- しかしながら、過剰な放牧や耕地拡大などの農業の問題、生活や経済の問題がその原因とされている。
- However, it is said that this desertification originated in agriculture-related problems, such as excessive pasturing and an enlargement of arable land, and in living and economy related problems.
- その最も大きな原因は「少女」巻と「玉鬘」巻の接続関係をどう理解するかの違いによるものである。
- The main reason comes from differences between interpretations of the connection between the 'Otome' and 'Tamakazura' (The Jeweled Chaplet) chapters.
- 「紫」の名は古今和歌集の雑歌「紫のひともとゆゑに武蔵野の草はみながらあはれとぞみる」に因む。
- The name 'Murasaki' came from a poem on miscellaneous matters in the Kokin Wakashu (imperial anthology of old and new Japanese Poetry): 'Because of this one gromwell plant, I feel affection for everything on Musashi Plain.'
- (したがって沢外務卿の書契では日朝間のトラブルの原因となった表現(後出)が削除されていた)。
- (The expression that had caused a problem between Japan and Joseon (mentioned below) was therefore removed from the sovereign letter by the Foreign Minister Sawa).
- これが後に同門流から出た日親の不受不施義より激しく非難の対象としてあげられる遠因ともなった。
- This became a remote cause of severe criticism by Nisshin who was a future generation preceptor of the Nakayama-monryu school and known as a passionate supporter of the Fuju-fuse-gi (a slogan of 'Accept nothing from non-believers and give nothing to them').
- 長政が三成を恨んだのは、かつて父が失脚した一因に、三成との対立があったからだと言われている。
- It is believed that Nagamasa resented Mitsunari, because one of the reasons for his father's downfall was conflict between his father and Mitsunari.
- これらを元に、頼朝の死因は現在でも多くの説が論じられており、確定するのはもはや不可能である。
- Based on these materials, there are many theories argued even at present, and it is no longer possible to reach a settlement.
- 1915年(大正4年)1月5日に虫歯が原因の骨膜炎、敗血症で北海道小樽市にて死去、享年76。
- He died in Otaru City, Hokkaido at the age of seventy-six on January 5, 1915 due to blood poisoning from periostitis caused by a tooth cavity.
- 実際には能島・因島村上水軍は本合戦に間に合わず、乃美・児玉水軍が功に焦って大敗したと思われる。
- Actually, it is considered that the Murakami navy of Noshima and Innoshima were too late for the battle and the Nomi navy and the Kodama navy made a decision in haste out of the wish be rewarded with merits, and suffered a major defeat.
- この戦いは大内氏衰退の一因となった一方、尼子氏は晴久のもとで勢力を回復させ、最盛期を創出する。
- This battle became a factor in the decline of the Ouchi clan; the Amago clan, on the other hand, regained its power under Haruhisa and entered a golden age.
- 大江 貞奥(生年不詳-建武 (日本)元年(1334年))は、伝承によると因幡守大江広元の末孫。
- Sadaoku OE (year of birth unknown - 1334) was believed to be a distant descendant of OE no Hiromoto, who was an Inaba no kami (Governor of Inaba Province).
- 享年についても諸説あり、『因府録』所収の系図には享年21、「荒尾成文家譜」には享年42とある。
- There are divergent accounts on his at death, including the genealogical table in the 'Inpuroku' (The History of Tottori Prefecture), which put it as 21, and 'ARAO Narifumi Kafu' (The Genealogical Table of Narifumi ARAO), which put it as 42.
- ただし、結局これらは実用的研究には一切結びついておらず、後世の評価を二分する一因となっている。
- However, the fact that these are ultimately not connected with practical research is one of the reasons that the modern-day assessments of his works have become so polarized.
- 因みに、当時は織田、浅井方ともこの合戦を「野村合戦」と、朝倉方では「三田村合戦」と呼称していた。
- Both Oda and Azai sides called this battle 'Nomura battle' while Asakura side called it 'Mitamura battle.'
- これは、統一が為されたことにより給付対象が大幅に増え、そのことから来る土地不足が原因と思われる。
- It is considered that this change was caused by land shortage as the unification of China dramatically increased the number of people who received government services.
- これが原因で天皇の怒りをかい、「歌枕を見てまいれ」と命じられ、実方は陸奥守に左遷され現地に下向。
- This incident provoked the Emperor's anger at Sanekata, who was ordered to 'go think upon uta makura (conventional poetic epithets)' and was subsequently demoted to the post of Governor of Mutsu Province, and thereby was sent away from the capital.
- 能因(のういん、永延2年(988年)- 康平元年(1058年)頃?)は、平安時代中期の僧・歌人。
- Noin (988-1058) was a monk and a poet who lived during the mid-Heian period.
- 巻名は作中で明石の尼君が詠んだ和歌「身を変へて一人帰れる山里に聞きしに似たる松風ぞ吹く」に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poem composed by the Akashi Nun in the chapter, 'When I came back to a village in the mountain after taking the veil, a wind was blowing in the pines that was familiar to what I had heard in the old days.'
- その後安康天皇は中蒂姫命を妃としたが、この一件によって、安康は自らの暗殺の原因を作ってしまった。
- Afterwards, Emperor Anko made Princess Nakashi as his consort, but due to this affair, he created the cause for his own assassination.
- また、2人の相次ぐ死が菅原道真を結果的に政界の矢面に立たせることとなり、昌泰の変の遠因となった。
- These two successive deaths eventually made SUGAWARA no Michizane take the brunt of political criticisms and attacks, and that situation formed a remote cause of the Shotai Incident.
- 父頼親の土佐国配流の原因となった興福寺との合戦に加わらなかったため、処分を受けることはなかった。
- As Yoritoo had not participated in the battle against Kofuku-ji Temple which led to his father's deportation to Tosa Province, he was not punished.
- 因みに昭和6年、荃廬61歳のとき書道人の団体の代表となって渡航したが、これが最期の渡航となった。
- He made the last visit to China with the representative of calligraphers' association in 1931 when Senro was 61.
- その後、1107年に出雲国で反朝廷的行動の見られた源義親の追討使として因幡国の国守に任ぜられる。
- Following this, in 1107, the apparently actively anti-Imperial Court MINAMOTO no Yoshichika search-and-kill commander in Izumo Province was appointed Governor of Inaba Province.
- 天保12年(1842年)に姉小路が食していた天ぷらが原因で火事を起こし、本丸を全焼させてしまう。
- In 1842, a fire was caused due to the tempura that Anegakoji was eating, and Honmaru (the keep of a castle) was burnt down.
- しかし、関ヶ原で西軍が敗れると東軍に寝返って、西軍に与した宮部長房の居城・因幡国鳥取城を攻めた。
- However, when the Western side lost the Battle of Sekigahara, he went over to the Eastern side and attacked Tottori-jo Castle in the Inaba Province, the castle of Nagafusa MIYABE who sided with the Western side.
- また源頼朝御落胤説があり、これが後に孫の安達泰盛の代になり、霜月騒動で一族誅伐に至る遠因となる。
- There was a theory that Kagemori had been an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and thereafter, this theory indirectly caused the killing (of someone who is guilty) of the family in the Shimotsuki sodo (the political change of Kamakura Bakufu, the shogunate government) in the period of Kagemori's grandson, Yasumori ADACHI.
- 三好三人衆と松永久秀が抗争した一因には、この義栄を誰が擁立するかという理由もあったとされている。
- One of the reasons for the conflict between the Miyoshi sanninshu and Hisahide MATSUNAGA is said to be due to the unanswered question as to who really supported Yoshihide.
- 騒動の原因であるが、六角氏が守護大名から近世戦国大名へと完全に脱皮していなかったことが挙げられる。
- It can be given as the root of the feud that Rokkaku clan had not grown out thoroughly from shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal loads) to warring load of the early-modern times.
- そのため、鎌倉側の勝利は必ずしも源義経の将としての能力などだけに起因しているのではないとしている。
- In consideration, it was not necessary to think that the talents of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as the commander was the sole cause in the victory of the Kamakura (Minamoto) side.
- 政府軍は勝利の原因が、近代的装備、火力、通信手段、指揮能力の違いにあったことを正しく把握していた。
- The government army correctly grasped that the factors of its victory were its superior modernized equipment, firepower, means of communication, and command ability.
- 同年設置された政府の水質審議会指定河川から渡良瀬川が除外されたことも運動を大きくする原因になった。
- Another cause that led to the fuelling of the movement was that Watarase-gawa River was excluded from the Water Quality Designated Rivers established by the government in the same year.
- 巻名は、紫の上が花散里に詠んだ和歌「絶えぬべき御法ながらぞ頼まるる世々にと結ぶ中の契りを」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was named after the waka poem which Murasaki no ue makes for Hanachirusato, 'This is the last Buddhist service, but I think of a bond between us as trustworthy and it will last many lives.'
- 巻名は明石の御方が明石の姫君に送った和歌「年月を松にひかれて経る人に今日鴬の初音聞かせよ」に因む。
- The title was named after the waka poem that Lady Akashi sent to young lady Akashi, 'I'm longing to hear the song of the first warbler after waiting for her growing for a long time.'
- しかし、他の妃たちの嫉妬や嫌がらせが原因か病気がちだった更衣は、3歳の皇子を残して病死してしまう。
- But, his often-ailing mother died when the Prince was three years old because of jealousy and bullying from the other consorts and intimates.
- 巻名は、薫の庇護を受けていた女が匂宮に連れ出されて淀川対岸の隠れ家へ向かう途中に詠んだ和歌に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry composed by a woman under Kaoru's patronage when she was on her way, after being taken out by Nioumiya, to a hideaway located on the other side of the Yodo-gawa River.
- 三巻本との間で善本論争が繰り広げられた結末、現在は能因本の源流本が劣ることがほぼ定説となっている。
- After arguing which book is more authentic, it is now widely accepted that the original book of Noinbon is inferior to Sankanbon.
- 撰銭はトラブルの原因となることが多く、時には撰銭が原因で殺傷事件が発生することさえあったのである。
- Erizeni acts often caused trouble, sometimes leading to homicide.
- しかし河井継之助と対陣するうち、敵弾を右足に受け、それが因となって柏崎病院で37年の生涯を閉じた。
- However, while confronting Tsugunosuke KAWAI, he was shot in the right leg which brought his life of 37 years to a close in Kashiwazaki Hospital.
- 現存する最古の棋譜は、1607年(慶長12年)に指された先手大橋宗桂、後手本因坊算砂の対局である。
- The oldest existing match record is for the match held in 1607 between the sente (starting first) Sokei OHASHI and gote (starting second) Sansa HONINBO.
- 永禄8年(1565年)、この義賢の専権が遠因となって将軍義輝が暗殺されると義輝の弟足利義昭を庇護。
- Yoshikata's exclusive right formed a remote cause of the assassination of Shogun Yoshiteru in 1565, and then Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Yoshiteru's younger brother was patronized.
- 因みに幕末の土佐藩参政吉田東洋の父、土佐藩馬廻役吉田光四郎正清は、百々家から吉田家へ養子入りした。
- Koshiro-masakiyo YOSHIDA, who was a horse guard of Tosa Domain and the father of Toyo YOSHIDA, a politician of Tosa Domain, was a son-in-law of the Yoshida family from the Dodo family.
- 天永2年(1111年)正月の除目で下野国守に任じられるが、以下のことが原因で佐渡島へ流罪となった。
- He was appointed as the Shimotsuke no kuni no kami at the New Year Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) in 1111; however, he was exiled to Sadoga-shima Island because of the following:
- 因幡守、木工頭を経て弘仁13年(822年)に甲斐守に再任するが、天長元年には右兵衛権佐に遷任する。
- After being the Governor of Inaba Province and Moku no kami (chief of Bureau of Carpentry), he was assigned to the Governor of Kai Province again in 822, but transferred to Uhyoe no Gon no suke (provisional assistant captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards) in 824.
- 因州藩が警護に当たっていた猿が辻の有栖川宮邸に赴いて、同藩の尊攘派有力者である河田景与と談判する。
- He visited the residence of Prince Arisugawa, which was guarded by the Inshu clan, to negotiate with Kagetomo KAWADA, who exerted influence over the royalists of the Inshu clan.
- 当時の日本が日清戦争の勝利によって、世界の強国となったという自負を持ち始めたことが、その原因である。
- This was because Japan started to gain self-pride as one of the world's powerful countries after winning the Sino-Japanese war.
- 後鳥羽上皇の専制、三代将軍実朝の暗殺、合戦の原因・経緯などを述べて、土御門上皇の阿波配流までを書く。
- It covers the Retired Emperor Gotoba's autocracy, the assassination of the third Shogun Sanetomo, causes and details of the battle, and the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado's exile to Awa.
- 菅原氏と反対派の対立は次代以後に持ち越され、後の道真左遷(昌泰の変)の遠因となったとする見方もある。
- The antagonism between the Sugawara clan and the rival faction continued to fester through successive eras, leading some to view this antagonism as the true cause of Michizane's famous demotion later on (in the Shotai Incident).
- 巻名は夕霧 (源氏物語)が詠んだ和歌「同じ野の露にやつるる藤袴あはれはかけよかことばかりも」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem that Yugiri composed: 'I am thoroughwort laden with dew and in the same field as you are; Please have pity on me.'
- 藤原行成が高階氏の血を引く敦康親王の即位は、伊勢神宮の怒りを買うと進言したことが大きな要因となった。
- The advice of FUJIWARA no Yukinari that the enthronement of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, to whom blood of the Takashina clan was flown, would cause the anger of Ise-Jingu Shrine, was strong trigger for it.
- 因幡甚兵衛銀(いなばじんべえぎん):板状の銀塊に「甚兵衛」の極印が打たれたもので銀品位30~36%。
- Inaba Jinbei Gin: board-like piece of silver hallmarked with '甚兵衛' (Jinbei [informal summer clothes for men]), and 30 to 36 percent purity.
- ただし、この際に道路整備が追い付かなかった事が、区内各所での渋滞が慢性化している原因にもなっている。
- However, the development of roads did not catch up with the development of housing lands, which may be the cause of chronic traffic congestion in many areas within the ward today.
- 上記災害や疫病、皇后や皇太子の発病など、早良親王の怨霊を原因とすると占われた数々の不幸が襲ったため。
- Misfortunes, such as the natural disaster mentioned above, an epidemic, and the empress's and imperial prince's illness, were said to be caused by Imperial Prince Sawara's ghost.
- 山名持豊および山名氏一門:但馬国・因幡国・伯耆国・美作・播磨・備前・備中国(ただし、山名是豊を除く)
- Mochitoyo YAMANA and greater Yamana family: Tajima Province, Inaba Province, Hoki Province, Mimasaka, Harima, Bizen and Bicchu Province (except Koretoyo YAMANA)
- 大治5年(1130年)に義清の嫡男清光の乱暴が原因で父子は常陸を追放され、甲斐国へ配流されたという。
- It is said that Yoshikiyo and his eldest son Kiyomitsu were banished from Hitachi to Kai Province in 1130 due to Kiyimitsu's violence.
- 第5代藩主・朽木玄綱の時代には享保の大飢饉が原因で享保の強訴と呼ばれる騒動が起こり、藩内は混乱した。
- Under the fifth lord, Totsuna KUTSUKI, an upheaval known as Kyoho's direct petition occurred as a result of the Great Famine of Kyoho, and the domain fell into confusion.
- このことから、因幡武田一族の一部は山名家に仕え、村岡藩士となり、明治維新を迎えたことが分かっている。
- Judging from the above, there is no doubt that some people of the Inaba-Takeda clan became retainers of the Muraoka domain and served the Yamana clan until the Meiji Restoration.
- その一方、織田政権崩壊の原因は、政権の構造的な問題より、むしろ織田信忠の死が大きいとする意見もある。
- On the other hand, according to a different view, the collapse of the Oda government was mainly caused by the death of Nobutada ODA, not by a structural problem within the government.
- しかし、他の二人、因幡国守の船秦勝と遠江国守の漆部道麻呂と異なり、御主人と御行には任地の国名がない。
- However, unlike FUNE no Hatamasa of Inaba-no-kuni-no-kami (Governor of Inaba Province) and NURIBE no Michimaro of Totomi no kuni no kami (Governor of Totomi Province) who were also awarded, ABE no Miushi and OTOMO no Miyuki had no province to govern.
- 敏達天皇14年(585年)3月、物部守屋と共に、疫病流行の原因が蘇我氏の仏教信仰のせいであると奏上。
- In March 585, he and MONONOBE no Moriya reported to the Emperor that the spreading of an epidemic should be attributed to the Soga clan's believing in Buddhism.
- 天明7年(1787年)11月、天明の大飢饉が原因で大規模な百姓一揆が起こり、その鎮圧と解決に努めた。
- In December, 1787, the Tenmei Famine led to a large scale peasant's revolt, and he strived to suppress and settle it.
- 死因を伝える史料は、相模川橋供養の帰路に病を患った事までは一致しているが、その原因は定まっていない。
- Historical materials that contain the cause of death show the consistent view up until Yoritomo fell ill on the way back from the Buddhist ceremony for bridging Sagami-gawa River, but the cause is not fixed.
- 砲艦外交や米価騰貴、領事裁判権などいくつもの要因が重複して、朝鮮側の日本への悪感情を蓄積させていった。
- By the gunboat diplomacy, the soaring price of rice, consular jurisdiction, and other factors overlapping, the bad feelings against Japan had been accumulated in Korea.
- 啄木は、自分の経済的な苦しみの原因は社会にあると考え、社会主義思想に関心を持ち国禁の書を読みふけった。
- Takuboku believed his economic problems were caused by society, developed an interest in the socialist ideology and would immerse himself in books that had been banned by the state.
- 薩長藩閥政府の正当性と民党批判を力説し、民党側の強い反発を引き起こして衆議院を解散させる一因となった。
- He stressed validity of the Satsuma-Choshu-dominated government and criticism of minto (general term of the political parties such as Liberal Party, Progressive Party and so on which conflicted with a han-dominated government when imperial Diet was inaugurated), which triggered strong backlash from minto and partly contributed to dissolution of the House of Representatives.
- この直接的記録が無いことが、九州王朝否定論の論拠となっており、また多くの亜流を生む原因ともなっている。
- The absence of direct records of the theory is the rationale of the Kyushu dynasty denier and has also generated a number of epigones.
- しかし、こうしたことが開発の波に飲まれることなく古寺が数多く点在する古い街並みをとどめる要因になった。
- That kept Tomonoura from a wave of modernization, thereby having protected the old townscape with numerous old temples and shrines.
- この家督争いが足利将軍家や畠山氏の家督相続と関係して1467年の応仁の乱を引き起こす原因の1つになる。
- That succession dispute partly caused the outbreak of the Onin War in 1467 in connection with the succession to the position of family head in the Ashikaga Shogunal family and that in the Hatakeyama clan.
- が、色川氏などは堀内氏との因縁からその指揮下に入ることを嫌い、朝鮮出兵の際には藤堂氏の指揮下に入った。
- However, the Irokawa clan and others disliked being ruled by the Horiuchi clan because of the previous relationship and joined the troops under the Todo clan at the time of Japan's Invasion of Korea.
- 新羅は、半島統一を阻害する要因であった唐を牽制するため、8世紀初頭までは日本に従うかたちをとっていた。
- In order to keep Tang, a factor hindering unification of the peninsula, in check, Silla pretended to obey to Japan until the beginning of the eighth century.
- 足守領改易の背景には、通説と異なり、北政所(高台院)が関ヶ原の戦いで西軍を支持したことが原因とされる。
- In contrast to the conventional theory, some argue that the reason for the loss of his Ashimori territory was his aunt's, Kita no Mandokoro's (Kodaiin) support of the West forces in the Battle of Sekigahara.
- しかし家臣団の一部から盛詮の相続に不満を持つ者が現われ、これが原因となって蘆名氏内部で内乱が発生した。
- However, some vassals were dissatisfied with Moriakira's succession, which caused outbreak of insurgency inside the Ashina clan.
- 以後加賀国、因幡国の国司や左右の中将、蔵人頭などを歴任し、元暦元年(1184年)に従三位に叙せられる。
- Afterward, he experienced various posts such as kokushi (provincial governors) of Kaga Province and Inaba Province, Sayu no chujo (middle captains of the left and right palace guards), and Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), and was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1184.
- 『甲陽軍鑑』(以下『軍鑑』)によればこのときの勝利に因み「勝千代(かつちよ)」とも名付けられたという。
- However, according to 'Koyo Gunkan' (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family) (hereinafter referred to as 'Gunkan'), he was also named `katsu (victory) chiyo', which was associated with the victory at Arakawahata.
- 俊政の後を継いだ子の本多政武は囲碁の名人であり、慶長15年(1610年)には囲碁本因坊戦で勝利している。
- Masatake HONDA, who was Toshimasa's son and succeeded his father, was a master of Igo (board game of capturing territory) and won the Igo Honinbo-sen (the greatest Igo game match) in 1610.
- これは日露以外の各国は、それぞれが抱える諸問題のため多くの兵力を中国に送る余裕が無かったことに起因する。
- This was because nations other than Japan and Russia could not dispatch many military forces to China as they had their own various problems.
- こうした工業基盤の有無も、一地方に過ぎない鹿児島と中央政府の力関係を均衡させていた主要因のひとつだった。
- The presence of the industrial base was one of the main reasons that Kagoshima, a mere region, was comparable with the central government in power.
- だが、時代が下るにつれて院の近臣間でも権力闘争が起こり、1159年(平治元年)の平治の乱の一因となった。
- However, as times went by, strife over authority arose among In no Kinshin, which was one of the causes of the Heiji War in 1159.
- 巻名は、薫が故八の宮を偲んで詠んだ和歌「立ち寄らむ陰とたのみし椎が本むなしき床になりにけるかな」に因む。
- The title of this chapter came from a waka poem which was composed by Kaoru when he remembered late Hachi no Miya, 'The oak tree on which I depended, spreading shade does not exist any more, and I will live in emptiness and silence.'
- 巻名は、夕霧(下記)が落葉宮に詠んだ和歌「山里のあはれをそふる夕霧に立ち出でん空もなき心地して」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry which Yugiri composed for Ochiba no miya: 'Evening mists brought melancholy to a mountain village and veils the sky, so I cannot leave now.'
- 増川宏一は、実隆が強引な人事を推し進め、資直を昇進させようとしたのが反発の原因ではないかと推測している。
- Koichi MASUKAWA supposed that Sanetaka gave Sukenao a promotion without asking permission, which aroused strong opposition.
- 後白河法皇の第三皇子である以仁王も所領没収の憂き目にあい、このことが以仁王の挙兵の直接的な原因となった。
- The third crown prince of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, Prince Mochihito, also faced his estate being confiscated, and this became a direct cause for the Prince Mochihito to mobilize the army.
- 鵠は紀伊国、播磨国、因幡国、丹波国、但馬、近江国、美濃国、尾張国、信濃国、越国を飛んだ末に捕らえられた。
- The kugui (swan) was finally captured, after it had traveled far over Kii Province, Harima Province, Inaba Province, Tanba Province, Tajima Province, Omi Province, Mino Province, Owari Province, Shinano Province, and Koshi Province.
- しかも、これを契機に山名家は但馬守護家と因幡守護家に分裂し、互いが宗家の家督をめぐって争う有様であった。
- During this difficult time, the Yamana clan was split into two families, the Tajima Shugo-family and the Inaba Shugo-family, and declined to a miserable situation where both families fought over the family estate.
- 崩壊の最も大きな原因は、均田制および府兵制を支える主戸(戸籍に登録された戸)が急速に減少したことにある。
- The main reason for the collapse was the rapid decrease in the number of shuko (families registered in the family registry) that sustained the equal-field system and the divisional militia system.
- しかし幕末にはこの負担が多くの大名の財政を圧迫し、むしろ幕府への不満を増大させ、討幕運動の遠因となった。
- However, toward the end of the Edo period, this obligation put a strain on the finances of many daimyo, increasing their dissatisfaction with the bakufu and becoming an underlying cause of the anti-shogunate movement.
- 変動の主な原因としては、降水量の変化や積雪面積・積雪期間、黄砂の飛来経路の変化などが大きいとされている。
- It is said that changes in the amount of rainfall, the amount of snow-covered area, the period when the land is covered by snow and changes of kosa-flying paths constitute the major factors causing these changes concerned with kosa.
- すなわち、守護請は守護領の拡大・蓄積を大きく促すものであり、守護領国制を形成した要因でもあったのである。
- In other words, Shugouke encouraged the expansion and accumulation of Shugoryo and it was a factor that formed the Shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a Shugo dominates a manor).
- 「有阿蘇山 其石無故火起接天者俗以爲異因行祷祭」とあり、阿蘇山があり理由なく火を噴き天に接し、祷祭する。
- As the books says, since Mt. Aso sometimes emitted fire toward the heaven without any reason, exercises of devotion was held by people.
- のちに自著の中で当時を回想しているが「己は何ちふ因縁の生れなるらむ」(『仙境異聞』)と苦言を述べている。
- Later he recollected those days in a work of his own and gave bitter counsel as 'what a fate I was born under' ('Senkyo Ibun (Interview with an Apprentice of Tengu)').
- この事件は、後の元和 (日本)5年(1619年)に江戸幕府が正則を改易する遠因となったとも言われている。
- It is said that this incident was a remote cause for the kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) of Masanori which the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) decided in 1619.
- このことが、周囲の人物が信長の意図を理解できずについていけなくなっていった要因のひとつともいわれている。
- It is said that this was one of the reasons that people surrounding him could not understand Nobunaga's intention and obey him.
- この事件が信濃国の国人衆に晴信への不信感を植え付け、信濃平定を大きく遅らせる遠因となったと言われている。
- It is said that this incident caused Kokujin-shu (local samurais) to distrust Harunobu, and in a round about way, delayed the subdual of Shinano Province.
- が、不可能と回答されたために新元号の勘者に選ばれていた息子の量光の上洛を拒否し、引き続き因幡に在国した。
- When he received an answer that it was impossible, however, he refused to let his son Kazumitsu, who had been chosen to suggest the name of the new era, travel to Kyoto and they continued to stay in Inaba Province.
- 連歌師でもあった西山宗因のほか、浮世草子作者でもある井原西鶴、京の菅野谷高政、江戸の田代松意らが活躍した。
- Soin NISHIYAMA, who also wrote Renga (linked verse), Saikaku IHARA, who also wrote Ukiyo Zoshi (stories of the floating world), Takamasa SUGANOYA of Kyo (Kyoto), Shoi TASHIRO of Edo and others actively participated.
- 新風は「談林派」と呼ばれ、連歌師でもあった西山宗因を筆頭に、浮世草子を成立させた井原西鶴らが参画していた。
- The new style of poetry was called 'Danrin ha' (Danrin school), and Saikaku IHARA, who established ukiyo zoshi (popular stories of everyday life in the Edo period), joined the school with the renga poet Soin NISHIYAMA at the head of the list.
- 全体の構想にあるのが儒教的な大義名分論と君臣論、仏教的因果応報論が基調に有り、宋学の影響を受けたとされる。
- The overarching concepts behind the work are the Confucian theories of 'taigi meibun' (the theory of social hierarchy) and 'kun-shin ron' (the relationship between ruler and the ruled), along with the Buddhist idea of karmic retribution, and it is thought to have been influenced by Sung Confucianism.
- 清少納言と姻戚関係にあった能因法師(姉妹の一人が清少納言の実子・橘則長の室)が伝来に関係したとされる系統。
- The priest Noin was related by marriage to Sei Shonagon (one of his sisters was a wife of TACHIBANA no Norinaga, a son of Sei Shonagon), and seemed to have something to do with handing down the manuscript.
- 拝借金は幕藩体制維持のためには必要な措置であったが、同時に幕府財政を悪化させる要因の1つになったのである。
- Haishakukin was a necessary measure to maintain the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate, however, at the same time, it was one of the factors that worsened the financial affairs of the bakufu.
- インドをはじめとした南アジアや東南アジアのモンスーンは、インド洋に端を発するモンスーンの気流が原因である。
- Monsoons in the South Asia including India and Southeast Asia are caused by air current of monsoon originated in the Indian Ocean.
- 名前の由来は渓谷上部にある通天湖から流れ出る清流が、光の反射によって瑠璃色の輝石のように見えることに因む。
- The origin of the name came from the clear stream from Lake Tsuten-ko, located in the upstream of the valley, where the reflected light resembles shiny lapis lazuli.
- 6年4月3日 (旧暦)(1563年) - 湯所口の戦いで山名豊数率いる因幡国守護勢が武田高信の軍勢に敗れる
- 1563: The Shugo group of Inaba-no-kuni lead by Toyokazu YAMANA lose to the military strength of Takanobu TAKEDA at the Battle of Yutokoroguchi.
- これらのことは、当初は友好的な関係にあった山名氏と細川京兆家との関係悪化を招き、応仁の乱の遠因ともなった。
- These worsened the relationship between the Yamana clan and the Hosokawa Keicho family that was originally in friendly term, and it also became an underlying cause of the Onin War.
- その後、実頼に始まる儀式作法を彼の邸宅小野宮に因んで小野宮流と称し、師輔に始まる儀式作法を九条流と称した。
- Afterwards, the ceremony etiquette style embraced by Saneyori was named the Ononomiya school after his Ononomiya residence while the style introduced by Morosuke was named the Kujo school.
- 宮方の敗因は義貞の器量不足というよりも後醍醐の失政に失望した有力武士が尊氏に大挙して付いたことに起因する。
- The cause of defeat of the court's side was the selling out of dominant samurai who were disappointed by misgovernment of Emperor Godaigo to Takauji's side rather than Yoshisada's poor leadership.
- 因幡国、尾張国、伊予国、播磨国など諸国の受領や大宰大弐などを経て、大治5年(1130年)に権中納言に至る。
- He assumed the position of Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) in 1130 after he experienced the position of Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of several Provinces such as Inaba Province, Owari Province, Iyo Province and Harima Province, also the position of Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices).
- なお、主君・義堯も六郎(晴元)の姉妹が正室であった縁にも因るのか、堺公方の足利義維を支持する一員であった。
- Besides, he was also a member in support of Sakaikubo, Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA probably because his master Yoshitaka had Rokuro's sister as his lawful wife.
- 能因や相模 (歌人)、出羽弁といった歌人達と交流があり、江侍従との間には一女(左大臣家少輔)を儲けている。
- He had exchanges with poets such as Noin, Sagami (a waka poet), and Idewa no ben, and even had a daughter (Shoyu of the House of the Minister of the Left) with Gonojijyu.
- 天正9年(1581年)には鳥取城を兵糧攻めで落とし因幡国を攻略、さらには岩屋城を落として淡路国を攻略した。
- In 1581 he captured Inaba Province in the fall of Tottori-jo Castle by starvation tactics and Awaji Province in the fall of Iwaya-jo Castle.
- 甲賀は本来「こうか」と読み、地名に因る名称であるが、忍術に関してのみ「こうが」との誤読が一般的となっている。
- Koga, originally pronounced 'Koka,' is a toponym, but only when referring to the ninjutsu, the mistakenly pronounced 'Koga' has become common.
- 同じく日本も朝鮮を影響下に置こうと画策しはじめていたため、日本と清朝の対立が深まり、日清戦争の遠因となった。
- As Japan also started to scheme to put Korea under their control, the conflict between Japan and the Qing dynasty became more serious, and this became an indirect cause of the Sino-Japanese War.
- 巻名は作中で柏木(下記)の未亡人落葉の宮が詠む和歌「柏木に葉守の神はまさずとも人ならすべき宿の梢か」に因む。
- The volume was named after the waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) composed by Ochiba no miya, the widow of Kashiwagi (see below) in the story: Although the god of leaves is not in Kashiwagi, is it appropriate to allow people to come closer to the treetop without reason?
- 嘉承2年(1107年)12月19日、因幡国守だった正盛は、依然として出雲で横行する義親の追討使に任じられた。
- On December 19, 1107 Masamori who was Inaba no kuni no kami (Governor of Inaba Province) was appointed as an envoy for tracking down and kill Yoshichika who was still looting in Izumo Province.
- 明応9年(1500年)近江国に滞在した近衛政家(公家)が、近江に因んでの和歌八首を詠んだ、とする史料もある。
- Some historical materials describe that Masaie KONOE (a court noble) who stayed in Omi Province in 1500 made waka (a genre of classical Japanese verse) relating to Omi.
- 未発見の原因は、大きな建物が焼け落ちた膨大な残骸の中に当時の調査能力で遺骸は見つけられないという指摘がある。
- With respect to the reason why Nobunaga's body was not found, there is a view that it was impossible with capability of search at that time to find the in large volume of wreck after a huge building was burnt down.
- その空因の父は小倉宮良泰(後亀山天皇の子)ともいわれるし、後亀山天皇の弟の子(後聖院宮説成?)ともいわれる。
- Also, the father of Kuin is said to be either 良泰 OGURANOMIYA (a child of Emperor Gokameyama) or a son of a younger brother of Emperor Gokameyama (Goseiin no Miya Tokinari?).
- 一方で、乾いたときにワイパーやタオルで強く拭くと小さな傷を付けやすいため、修復不可能な傷を付ける原因となる。
- On the other hand, if the kosa that has become dry is wiped with wipers or a towel, the wiped surfaces are likely to be damaged, sometimes causing irreparable damage to be generated.
- ただし、黄砂や黄砂被害の変化と、その原因とされる自然環境の変化や人為的な要因については、まだ不明な点もある。
- However, the following still remains unclear: Kosa and changes in damage due to kosa, and changes in the natural environments and artificial factors that are considered constituting the cause.
- 宝亀2年(771年)正月、正六位上から従五位下に叙せられ、同年2月には同族の者数名と共に因幡国造姓を賜った。
- In January, 771, her rank was raised from Shorokuinojo (Senior Sixth Rank, Upper Grade) to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and in February 771, she, together with some of the same clan, was given the family name of Inabanokuni no Miyatsuko.
- また先に安井知得仙知、因碩とのの争碁をうやむやにして避けていた丈和は追い詰められ、翌年碁所を返上し引退する。
- Jowa, who already avoided Sogo against Chitokusenchi YASUI and Inseki, was brought to bay and he returned Godokoro and retired next year.
- 百三十銀行の蹉跌の原因は第一に、頭取松本が同行を自分が関係している事業の金融機関として利用したことにあった。
- The principal reason of the failure of the one-hundred and thirtieth bank was because the president, MATSUMOTO used it as the financial institution of the businesses he was involved in.
- 更に研究会側がこの流産を平田の清浦への嫉妬と茶話会の策動のためではないかと疑って両会派の不和の原因となった。
- The Kenkyukai then suspected that the failure to make a Cabinet was caused by Hirata who was jealous of Kiyoura and also by string-pulling by the Sawakai, causing frictions between the parties.
- 当時、近江守護職の家柄である京極氏は家督争いが原因で衰退していたため、家臣筋である近江・浅井氏に属していた。
- At that time, as the Kyogoku clan, who continued to serve in the position of the Provincial Constable of Omi Province, had weakened due to disputes over succession, he belonged to the Asai clan in Omi, which was in the line of their vassal.
- ただし、知藩事任命のないままこの期間内に廃止・本藩へ編入された藩(因幡若桜藩=旧鳥取新田藩など)は掲載しない。
- But domains that were abolished or incorporated to parent domains during this period without any appointment of Chihanji (Inaba-wakasa Domain = former Tottori-nitta Domain, etc.) are not listed here.
- 義和拳の勢力拡大は燎原の野火の如く急激であったが、それには地方大官が取り締まりに消極的だったことも一因である。
- The spread of the Giwa Martial Art force was rapid, like the flame of a burning field, but one reason was that local high officers were reluctant to put them under control.
- 書契問題を背景として生じた日本国内における「征韓論」の高まりに、大院君が非常な警戒心を抱いたことも一因である。
- Another reason was that Daewongun felt a great cautiousness against the debate over sending a military expedition to Korea in Japan which had occurred from the problem of diplomatic correspondence.
- 日朝間の国交交渉再開もその結果としてもたらされたものであると同時に、また別の歴史事象の原因でもあったのである。
- As a result of that, the resumption of negotiations between Japan and Korea was realized, but at the same time it was triggered by another historical phenomenon.
- それを作者の自らの解釈を交えながら、乱による荒廃した都、その哀惜や悲嘆、乱の原因から戦闘場面に移る克明な描写。
- It depicts in vivid detail the devastated capital and the grieves and laments of war, from the causes to the scenes of fighting, while mixing in the author's own interpretations.
- 巻名は作中で光源氏が藤壺の死を悼んで詠んだ和歌「入り日さす峰にたなびく薄雲はもの思ふ袖に色やまがへる」に因む。
- The title was named after the waka poem 'Being overwhelmed with grief, I'm wondering whether the color of the thin cloud over the ridges, which is covered by the rays of the setting sun, copied the color of the sleeves of my mourning dress.' that Genji composed in this chapter, mourning the passing of Fujitsubo.
- さらに、企業が基礎研究から研究開発に重点を移しているなど、企業の研究に対する姿勢の変化が原因とも言われている。
- Furthermore, it is also said that private companies shifted their focus from basic research to research and development.
- 吉田家の祖吉田兼煕は、室町にある自宅の敷地を足利義満に譲り、吉田神社の祠官であることに因み、家名を吉田とする。
- The founder of Yoshida family, Kanehiro YOSHIDA handed over his home premises in Muromachi to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and he changed his family name to Yoshida, because he was a Shinto priest of Yoshida-jinja Shrine.
- 因みに図1の徳川家康本陣備は中央に描かれていた単独の備である酒井左衛門尉備を除外し、家康直属部隊のみを示した。
- Incidentally, in Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's army headquarters sonae in Figure 1, the independent sonae of Saemon no jo SAKAI drawn at the center is omitted, and only the unit under the direct command of Ieyasu is shown.
- 後に岡島正義からはその功績を「後世史家我藩に旧説の伝はれる、大半斯人の賜なり」(『因府年表』)と称されている。
- Later on, his achievements were referred to as a 'great gift that should be handed down to later generations, including our domain and historians' (according to the 'Inpunenpyo' [Chronological Table of Tottori]) by Masayoshi OKAJIMA.
- 原因はいくつかあるが、共産党は未だに彼の「幻影」から抜け出せず、新しいビジョンを提示できていないことが大きい。
- The strongest reason among all was that the Japanese Communist Party could not break with the 'ghost' of Ninagawa and could not present a new vision.
- その後も秀吉の中国地方経略に加わり、播磨の三木城を巡る戦い(三木合戦)や因幡国の鳥取城包囲などに参加している。
- Later, he joined Hideyoshi's invasion of the Chugoku region and fought in the battle over Mikijo Castle at Harima (the Battle of Mikijo Castle) and the siege of Tottori-jo Castle in Inaba Province.
- 信吉は関ヶ原の戦いの原因を作り出した武将として有名で、保身のために上杉氏から徳川氏に鞍替えしたと言われている。
- Nobuyoshi is well known as a military commander who made the cause of the Battle of Sekigahara, and was said to have switched from the Uesugi clan to the Tokugawa clan to save himself.
- 韓国の歴史家には、日本によって韓国が併合された直接の原因であるとされており、教科書にもそのように記述されている。
- According to some Korean historians and Korean textbooks, this agreement was the direct cause of Japan's colonization of Korea.
- そのような中での府県制の公布と帝国議会開設による「請願権」の獲得は新県設置に向けた運動を高まらせる要因となった。
- In that period, because the prefectural system was issued and 'the right of petition' was introduced through the establishment of the Imperial Diet, the movement to create a new prefecture was growing.
- また江戸は武家屋敷が多く点在し、上級武士が大口取引に主に小判を使用したことも江戸を中心として流通した一因である。
- One of the reasons why Koban was circulated around Edo was there were many samurai residences in Edo and high-ranking warriors used mainly Koban in a large amount transactions.
- 藩内では、安永6年(1777年)6月には米騒動、天明6年(1786年)12月には米価昂騰が原因で騒動が起こった。
- A rice riot of unknown cause took place in the domain in June 1777 and a further rice riot, this time caused by skyrocketing rice prices, took place in December 1786.
- 義俊の叔父で御家騒動の原因でもあった山野辺義忠は徳川頼房に取り立てられ、子孫は水戸藩家老の山野辺家として続いた。
- Yoshitada YAMANOBE, who was an uncle of Yoshitoshi and caused the family troubles, was selected by Yorifusa TOKUGAWA as a retainer and his descendants continued to exist as the Yamanobe family of Karo (Chief retainer) of the Mito Domain.
- しかし、仲麻呂に先立って急死したことが、後の藤原仲麻呂の乱で仲麻呂が敗退する間接的な原因であると考えられている。
- However, his sudden premature death is considered to have indirectly caused Nakamaro's defeat in the later occurred FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War.
- その後翌慶長6年(1601年)に、三田藩から因幡国若桜藩3万石に加増転封となり、慶長19年(1614年)に死去。
- Thereafter, in 1601, the following year, Iemori was transferred from Sanda Domain to larger Wakasa Domain of Inaba Province with an additional property of 30,000 koku, where he died in 1614.
- 一見すると無関係のようであるが、幸徳事件(1910年)の遠因を義和団の乱の際に起きた馬蹄銀事件に求める研究がある。
- While at first it seems an unrelated incident, some research has regarded Bateigin Incident that occurred during the Boxer Rebellion as the remote cause of Kotoku Incident or High Treason Incident in 1910.
- このため、渡良瀬川は足利市付近で天井川となり、足尾の山林の荒廃とともにカスリーン台風襲来時は洪水の主原因となった。
- This has caused Watarase-gawa River to have a raised bed near Ashikaga City and brought devastation to the forests in Ashio, and when hit by Typhoon Kathleen, it became the major cause of the flood.
- 倭国大乱の原因については、古事記等の西遷の記述と結びつけ、北部九州勢力が大和へと移動してヤマト朝廷を建てたとする。
- Cause of the Wakoku War was related to description of Seisen in the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters) and it is said that the northern Kyushu power moved to Yamato, where they built Yamato Chotei (the Imperial Court).
- 例えば、ライムギにつく麦角菌に起因する麦角病(四肢が壊疽したり、精神錯乱を招く)は巡礼に赴くことで癒えるとされた。
- For example, it was thought that ergot disease (causes the limbs to rot and leads to madness) caused by ergot fungus on rye, could be cured by taking a pilgrimage.
- 跡を継いだ三沢為清は大内氏に従属したが、月山富田城の戦いで吉川氏らと共に尼子氏に寝返り、大内軍敗退の一因を作った。
- Tamekiyo MISAWA, a successor of Tameyuki MISAWA, was subordinate to the Ouchi clan, but, in the Battle of Gassan Todajo Castle, the Misawa and Yoshikawa clans jointly defected to the enemy, the Amago clan, and contributed to the defeat of Ouchi.
- しかし、家臣明智光秀の信長への謀反、いわゆる本能寺の変後まもなくして何らかの原因によって焼失、その後廃城となった。
- However, it was burnt down for some unknown reason soon after the rebellion against Nobunaga ODA plotted by his vassal Mitsuhide AKECHI in 1582, which is called 'Honno-ji Temple Incident' (raid on the Honno-ji Temple), becoming an abandoned castle.
- 時忠が弁官に任じられた要因としては、清盛の後押しのみならず、時忠本人の実務能力の高さも大きく作用したと考えられる。
- The supposed reasons for Tokitada's appointment to benkan were not only backup by Kiyomori but also Tokitada's capability for practical matters.
- また、男系子孫に財産が渡らなかったことによって同家の経済的な衰微を招き、小野宮家没落の原因を作ったと言われている。
- It is also believed that Sanesuke caused the economic decline of his family by not leaving property to descendants in the male line, which eventually led to the downfall of the Ononomiya family.
- 三上 政実(みかみ まさざね、生没年不詳)は室町時代中期の人物で因幡国巨濃郡岩井庄に所領を持っていた三上氏の一族。
- Masazane MIKAMI (三上 政実, year of birth and death unknown) was a person in the middle of the Muromachi period, who belonged to the Mikami clan that owned shoryo (territory) in Iwai no sho, Kono County, Inaba Province.
- しかし算悦を継いだ3世本因坊道悦はこれを不服として争碁を申し込み、同年から道悦定先による60番碁を打つこととなる。
- However, the third Doetsu HONINBO, who succeeded Sanetsu, did not agree to this and asked for a sogo and it was determined that rokujubango (sixty-game go match) should be played with josen (playing with black in all games) for Doetsu from the same year.
- この軍令と国務大臣が補弼するところの軍政(軍に関する行政事務)の範囲についての争いが原因で統帥権干犯問題が発生する。
- The conflict of the sphere between the military order and the military government (the administrative affairs about the army) assisted by the Minister of State led to the occurrence of the affair of the supreme command interference and violation of the rights.
- 今日の日本の鉄道技術が新幹線等旅客輸送において高い水準にあるのは、狭軌へのコンプレックスが要因であるという説もある。
- Some say that an inferiority complex about having narrow gauge has made today's Japanese high-level railway technology that can be seen in passenger transport systems such as Shinkansen Super Express.
- その後の1302年に三沢為長(為仲)が、因幡国鹿野町を経て往来し、この地で良質な砂鉄を採取して野たたら製鉄を始めた。
- In 1302, Tamenaga (also known as Tamenaka) MISAWA often visited this manor through Shikano-cho, Inaba Province, and started iron manufacturing by means of 'no-tatara-seitetsu' (iron manufacturing method) using high quality iron sand which could be obtained in the area.
- 幕府はこうした経済発展の動きに十分な対応が取れず、物価変動による社会的混乱を鎮められずに幕府が動揺する一因となった。
- The shogunate government could neither take enough measures to respond to the economic development nor quell social disorders caused by price fluctuations, which led to the turbulence of the shogunate government.
- 当時、1869年以降のいわゆる「書契問題」が原因で、新政府が樹立された日本と朝鮮との間には国交が結ばれていなかった。
- At that time the new government of Japan had no diplomatic relations with Joseon because of the so-called 'Sovereign Message Problem' after 1869.
- これは藤原秀郷の末裔であり、足利尊氏や武田信玄にも仕えた名家の出であるということに対する自負に起因するものであった。
- This was due to self-conceit that can be attributed to his being a descendant of FUJIWARA no Hidesato, and a high class family which served both Takauji ASHIKAGA and Shingen TAKEDA.
- 秀吉はあかねの命は助けたものの、開城が遅いという事で豊国との因幡国安堵の約束を反故にし、二郡のみを与えて引き上げた。
- Although Hideyoshi spared the life of Akane, he broke his promise of approval of Toyokuni as a landowner of Inaba Province on the grounds that Toyokuni took so long to surrender.
- 所領経営で因幡に在国する傍ら、上洛時には柳原家の体面を保つため、月次和漢会などに出席し、社交面でも活発に動いていた。
- He stayed in Inaba Province to manage his territory, but when he went to Kyoto he was an outgoing member of society, attending such events as monthly Japanese and Chinese classics meetings in order to preserve the honor of the Yanagiwara family.
- また、いつまでも藩を存続させておくことは日本の政治的な統一を妨げる原因の1つになると考えて一刻も早い廃止を望んでいた。
- Also keeping up han will be one of the causes to hinder Japanese political integration so Hirobumi ITO wanted to abolish the system as soon as possible.
- 亀岡市街地は保津川(大堰川)より低地であるうえに、保津峡でせき止められることにより逆流を原因とする水害が多発していた。
- Kameoka City's urban area has suffered flood damage many times because the area lies lower than the Hozu-gawa (Oi-gawa) River due to water backing up in Hozu-kyo Gorge sometimes flowing back.
- 和泉、新町、見附町、遠山、東町、安芸山、町並、養斎、大島、日向、山ノ下、紅雪、伊庭、西尾、中島町、因幡、西町、大津町、
- Izumi, Shin-machi, Mitsuke-cho, Toyama, Higashi-machi, Akiyama, Machinami, Yosai, Oshima, Hyuga, Yamanoshita, Kosetsu, Iba, Nishio, Nakajima-cho, Inaba, Nishi-machi, Otsu-cho
- こうした市中の混乱が、源義仲の活動(1180年挙兵、1183年上洛)を容易にする遠因となっていたことも考えられている。
- This chaos is believed to have been a factor in making MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka's operations (raising of an army in 1180 and advancement to Kyoto in 1183) easier to carry out.
- 足利氏でなく新田氏を選んだのは、隣接する今川氏が足利一門の名門で、足利系統の系譜に精通していた事が原因といわれている。
- It is said that the reason the Nitta clan was selected instead of the Ashikaga clan was because the neighboring Imagawa clan was familiar with the family tree of the Ashikaga lineage as they were part of the distinguished Ashikaga family.
- 根来寺炎上の原因については、根来側による自焼説、秀吉による焼き討ち説と兵士による命令によらない放火または失火説がある。
- As to the reason for the burning of Negoro-ji Temple, there is a theory that the people there set burned it by themselves, and another that Hideyoshi ordered it set ablaze and another that a soldier set fire without any order or by negligence.
- これらの原因には、当時の人々の識字率が低かったことや、私的に鋳造されたためいい加減に作られていたことなどが挙げられる。
- The following are considered as the reasons why such a situation was generated: One is that the literacy rate of the people at that time was low, and another is that, being made privately, they were made irresponsibly.
- 当時武田氏と今川氏は同盟していたため「敗因を間違えるとは考え難く、第三者が敗者から得た信頼できる情報に基づく」とした。
- Given the fact that the Takeda clan and the Imagawa clan were allied, he said, 'it would be hard to believe that they mistook the reason for the Imagawa's defeat, and this is based on a reliable source obtained from the losers by a third party.'
- いずれも地方豪族層女性の葬送儀礼を知る上での貴重な資料であるが、特に墓誌銘は因幡国で発見されている最古の文字でもある。
- These are valuable resources to learn about funeral etiquette for a female family member of a local ruling family, and the epitaph, among others, is the oldest written resource found in Inaba Province.
- 原因は、「展示」されている台湾女性が実際には中国湖南省の人ではないか、という疑いが清国留学生からかけられたためであった。
- This was because the students from Qing suspected that the Taiwanese women on display were actually from Hunan, China.
- 大阪の片田舎で起こったこの惨殺事件は、女と金と仁義と様々な要因が絡んだ事件として、多くの新聞が取り上げ、話題をさらった。
- The cruel murder case, which occurred in rural Osaka, was featured by many newspapers as a story involving various factors such as sex, money, and humanity and justice, and became the talk of the town.
- この原因として挙げられるのは、薩軍が優れた兵を保持していることと、地の利を生かして田原坂の防衛線を築いているためである。
- It was partly because the Satsuma army had superior soldiers and established the line of defense at Tabaru Slope by taking advantage of the terrain.
- また、時を前後して富山県での騒動が発生していることなどから、シベリア出兵と米騒動の直接的な因果関係を指摘するものもある。
- Also, since a riot occurred in Toyama Prefecture coincidentally, some pointed out the direct consequence between the dispatch of troops to Siberia and the rice riot.
- 米騒動の報道に際し、各種新聞は民衆の行動を好意的に報じると共に、根本的な原因は民衆の要求を無視し続けた政府にあるとした。
- Regarding press report of rice riots, each newspaper reported the people's behavior positively and also that the underlying cause was the government since they had continued to ignore people's demands.
- 主な歌人は、和泉式部(67首)・相模 (歌人)(39首)・赤染衛門(32首)・能因(31首)・伊勢大輔(26首)である。
- The major poets in the collection are Izumi Shikibu (sixty-seven poems), Sagami (thirty-nine poems), Akazome Emon (thirty-two poems), Noin (thirty-one poems) and ISE no Taifu (twenty-six poems).
- 大同団結運動分裂時のしこりは新しい立憲自由党にも持ち込まれ、後の第1次山縣内閣による自由党土佐派の切り崩しの遠因となる。
- The ill feelings of the division of the movement to unite for a common purpose were carried into the new Constitutional Liberal Party, which would be an underlying cause to undermine organizational unity of Tosa school of Liberal Party by the First Yamagata Cabinet which would come into power.
- 一般的には、ドラマなどの影響で信長からの度重なるイジメが原因だとする理解が多いが、それらは根拠のないフィクションである。
- Partly because of dramas, many persons understand that the cause of the incident was repeated harassment by Nobunaga, but it is just a fiction without any ground.
- これに怒った道鏡は清麻呂を因幡員外介として左遷し、さらに称徳天皇は清麻呂を除名し大隅国へ配流した(宇佐八幡宮神託事件)。
- Dokyo got angry about his report and relegated Kiyomaro as Inaba no ingainoge and Emperor Shotoku expulsed him to Osumi Province (plot of Usa Hachiman-gu oracle).
- また、慶長の役直後、関ヶ原の戦い直前の大乱であり、島津氏が関ヶ原の戦いに大軍を送れなかった原因になったともいわれている。
- The rebellion is also considered the reason that the Shimazu clan couldn't send a large force to the Battle of Sekigahara, because the rebellion occurred immediately after the Keicho Campaign and just before the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 開発も最南部の遼東半島・遼西を除き進んでおらず、こうしたことも原因となって19世紀末のロシアの進出に対して対応が遅れた。
- With the exception of the southernmost areas in the Liaodong peninsula and Liaoxi, most of Manchuria was underdeveloped; Hence, the Qing could not mount a response to Russian expansionism at the end of the 19th century.
- 公卿らを中心に『日本書紀』の故事・逸話に因んだ和歌(「日本紀竟宴和歌」)を詠み、大歌御琴師がそれに合わせて和琴を奏でた。
- In the party, the participants, mainly Kugyo recited waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) related to traditions and anecdotes described in the 'Nihonshoki' to the accompaniment of wagon (Japanese harp) played by Oouta no mikotoshi.
- 織田信長の勝因を、「民家への略奪行為で油断する今川方を急襲したから」とする説を、黒田日出男東京大学名誉教授が唱えている。
- According to a theory put forward by Hideo KURODA, professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo, Nobunaga ODA beat IMAGAWA 'because Oda conducted a surprise attack on the Imagawa army, who were caught off guard while in the act of looting private homes.'
- 内容的には白浪物(盗賊が主人公となる)を得意としたが、そこに登場する悪人たちは、むしろ小心で因果に翻弄される弱者である。
- In more detail he was very good at writing Shiranamimono (play featuring sympathetic or tragic rogues and thieve as protagonist), and bandits described by him are rather timid and the disadvantaged who are tossed about by ill luck.
- 没年については『因府年表』を参考にしたが、これには異説も存在しており、『鳥取藩史』着座家伝には寛永の初年に没したとある。
- His year of death is referred to 'Inpunenpyo' (Timeline of Inaba Province); however, there is a different description retarding his year of death that he died in the first year of Kanei era according to the Chakuzakaden (hereditary records of deputy of chief retainer) included in 'Tottori han shi' (the history of Tottori Domain).
- しかしこのような主張は川田甕江ら国学系・水戸学系歴史学者との対立を激化させ、のちの久米邦武筆禍事件の原因の一つとなった。
- However, these arguments intensified the confrontation with the scalars of Kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature and culture) such as Oko KAWADA, and historians of Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain), and later this confrontation resulted in one of the causes of the Kume Kunitake Incident (troubles brought on by what Kunitake KUME's has written).
- 1917年には、雁金を井上家跡目とすることが一門で決議されるが、1920年に恵下田栄芳が正式に16世井上因碩を襲名する。
- In 1917, the Inoue school (stable) decided to have Karigane as the successor, but in 1920 Eiho EGATA officially succeeded to the name of Inseki INOUE the 16th.
- ただし、その国家建設は内発的なものではなく、唐を中心とする東アジアの国際関係の緊張を背景とする外発的な要因を主としていた。
- The construction of the state was not triggered internally, but chiefly by external factor of tension in East Asian international relations, mainly with the Tang Dynasty.
- 江戸時代の鎖国が原因で欧米列強に国力で大きな差をつけられ、これが安政五カ国条約という新国家を後々まで苦しめる結果となった。
- Japan, which fell far behind the Western powers due to its national isolation policy in the Edo era, was heavily burdened by the Ansei Five-Power Treaties long after its start as a renewed nation.
- 安政の大獄は幕府の規範意識の低下や人材の欠如を招き、反幕派による尊攘活動を激化させ、幕府滅亡の遠因ともなったとも言われる。
- Ansei no Taigoku lead to a decrease in general awareness and a shortfall in human resources in the shogunate, plus intensified Sonno activities by the anti-shogunate group, and it is said these were underlying causes in the fall of the government.
- 安元三年(1177)四月二十八日午後八時頃、都の東南(現在のJR京都駅付近か)で、舞人の宿屋が火の不始末が原因で出火した。
- Around 8 p.m., on April 28, 1177, a fire broke out through the careless handling of burning things in the inn of a dancer in the southeast of the capital (near the present JR Kyoto Station).
- そのため却って不便を生じ、後に全面的改訂を施した『延喜式』を編纂して、『弘仁式』・『貞観式』の施行を停止する一因となった。
- As a result, it became less practical, which would later make a reason to compile the fully-revised ''Engishiki Code (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers)'' and to abolish the 'Konin-shiki Code' and the 'Jogan-shiki Code'.
- その原因については既に上皇側に拘束されていたからだとも、仲麻呂を見限って上皇側との和解を探っていたからだとも言われている。
- As to the reason, some say that Emperor Junnin was already captured by the ex-emperor's side, others say that having gave up on Nakamaro, Emperor Junnin was trying to reconcile with the ex-emperor's side.
- 上記の要因が複合し、島津軍の奇襲作戦や伏兵などが成功して連合軍が混乱し瓦解したため、寡兵の島津軍が勝利しえたと推測できる。
- It could be assumed that the outnumbered Shimazu army was able to face a victory due to a combination of various factors mentioned earlier and the successful surprise and ambush attacks that led the allied force into confusion and fell.
- これらの原因が、白居易の『新豊折臂翁』に謡われる兵役を逃れるために自らの臂を折った翁のように、兵役拒否を生むことになった。
- These factors caused people to refuse to go into military service, just like the old man described in Juyi BAI's 'Shinpo Seppio' (old man with a broken arm in Shinpo), who broke his own arm in order to avoid his military service.
- 忠棟は朝鮮に出陣しておらず、忠恒らは補給不足の原因が忠棟にあると考えていたことなどもあり島津氏家臣からも深く恨まれていた。
- Tadamune didn't go to Korea, so he was blamed for the insufficient supplies for Tadatsune and was borne a grudge against by the other vassals of the Shimazu clan.
- 明治期の日本が急速に近代化を達成できた要因のひとつに、寺子屋が庶民に高い教育水準をもたらしていた背景をあげることができる。
- One of the factors that led to the rapid modernization of Japan in the Meiji period was the high educational standards that Terakoya had provided the ordinary citizens.
- 対策が遅れている原因として、各国で黄砂の定義や分類(各国の黄砂参照)、黄砂に関する認識に相違点があることが指摘されている。
- It is pointed out that the recognition of kosa as well as the definition and classification of kosa (refer to the section of kosa in various countries) depends on the nation and the differences constitute one factor of delaying taking necessary measures.
- また、黄砂の主原因とされる砂漠化の原因、その責任の所在などが、科学的根拠をもとに明らかにされているとは言えない状況にある。
- In addition, it can be said that there is still no clear scientific explanation available about the problems of what generates desertification, considered the main cause of producing kosa, and of where the responsibility of desertification resides.
- こうした事態の放置は公領の減少のみならず、荘園間の境相論を引き起こす一因となったため、荘園整理令などで度々寄人を規制した。
- This situation led to not only the reduction of koryo but also became a factor for boundary disputes between shoen, therefore yoriudo were regulated again and again by Manor Regulation Acts.
- 3月4日、笹子峠を越え甲州市まで来たところで土佐国・因幡国軍が甲府入りしたとの報に接し、有無之助は勝沼町へ先行し大砲設置。
- On March 27, when they entered Koshu City, they received word that Tosa no kuni (Tosa Province) and Inaba no kuni (Inaba Province) armies had entered Kofu, and Umunosuke proceeded to Katsunuma Town to station the cannons.
- 矢部 宗春(やべ むねはる、文明 (日本)元年(1469年) - 延徳元年(1489年)?)は室町時代末期の因幡国の武士。
- Muneharu YABE (1469-1489?) was a Samurai of Inaba Province at the end of the Muromachi period.
- 武田 国信(たけだ くにのぶ、? - 天文 (元号)14年(1545年))は、因幡守護山名氏の家臣で若狭武田氏傍流の一族。
- Kuninobu TAKEDA (year of birth unknown - 1545) was a retainer of the Yamana clan, the Governor of Inaba Province, and his family was a branch of the Wakasa-Takeda clan.
- この一連の記事によって、幸徳秋水らは山縣有朋の恨みを買い、それが幸徳自身に処刑という厳しい処置が課される原因となったという。
- Due to a series of articles on this topic, Aritomo YAMAGATA resented Shusui KOTOKU, and this led to the severe measures of KOTOKU's execution.
- このような各地銀座が江戸時代まで続いた理由は、銀の海外流出などにより慶長丁銀が地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったことに起因する。
- The presence of ginza in various parts of the country until the Edo Period was caused by the shortage of Keicho chogin coins in areas outside Edo, due silver being exported out of the country.
- これは、脱藩者を通じて軍事機密や御家騒動などが表沙汰になり、藩(藩主)にとっては致命的な改易が頻繁に生じたことも一因である。
- This was because, through the Dappan samurai, the Domain's military secrecy and family troubles could be revealed in public and frequently caused fatal 'Kaieki' sanctions (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) for the domain (and/or the lord of the domain).
- 関東地方は幕府のお膝下にあってその統制力は強く、また札遣いは銀遣い経済の地域である西国で盛んであったことなどが原因であろう。
- This situation would have been caused by the following reasons: The Kanto region, which was the base of the bakufu, was strongly controlled by the bakufu, and as the economy was based on silver in Saigoku (the western region of Japan), more paper money was used there.
- その笹を主食とするニホンジカの数が増え、針葉樹の実生や樹皮までも採食するといった複合的な要因によって現在の環境に至っている。
- As a result, the number of the Japanese deer that mainly eat bamboo has increased and they even eat seedlings and barks of conifers; these complex factors affect the present environmental conditions.
- 寒冷期に黄砂が増加した原因として、大気の流れの変化により寒気が南下する回数が増え、砂塵嵐の頻度が増えたことが挙げられている。
- As a factor that increased kosa in the cool periods, it is said that, in these periods, cool air advanced southward more frequently due to changes in the air flow, increasing the frequency of dust storm occurrences.
- しかしこれは当時の国際情勢を鑑みれば鎖国の下でのみ通用する政策であり、そのことが日米和親条約後の金流出へと至る原因となった。
- While this was a policy that could only work in national isolation from the viewpoint of the international situation at that time, it caused gold to move overseas after the Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan.
- 元寇では過重な軍役に比して所領の加増が少なかったことが鎌倉得宗への不満として蓄積し、鎌倉幕府滅亡の遠因になったと考えられる。
- Since the territory was not increased as much as excessive military services imposed during the Mongolian Expeditions against Japan, dissatisfaction built up among the samurai retainers with the the head of the Hojo clan regent of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which supposedly formed a remote cause of the fall of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 浪人が徒党を組んで幕府転覆を図ったこの事件は、幕府の大名統制策が新たな不安定要因を生み出していたことをはっきりと示していた。
- The incident involved ronins who banded together in an attempt to overthrow the bakufu, and was a sign of the growing political unrest as a result of strict controls which the shogunate enforced on daimyos.
- 応保元年(1162年)には、平教盛、平時忠らとともにある陰謀に加わったかどで、因幡守、右馬頭を解官される憂き目に逢っている。
- In 1162, he suffered the dismissal from Inaba no kuni no kami and from 'Uma no kami' (Captain of the Right Division of Bureau of Horses), because he was on a charge of taking part with TAIRA no Motomori, TAIRA no Tokitada and others in a conspiracy.
- その後も因幡権守・参議・権中納言を経て、延応元年(1239年)に権大納言になるも、仁治2年(1241年)には病を理由に辞職。
- After that, he served as Inaba no Gon no kami (Provisional Governor of Inaba Province), Sangi (Councilor), Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state) and in 1239 he became Gon Dainagon (Provisional chief councilor of state), but in 1241 he resigned his post on account of illness.
- このことが自由民権運動や初期帝国議会における激しい政府批判を招き、また地租に替わる財源として酒造税の相次ぐ増税の一因となった。
- This deletion of the provision invited Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and fierce criticisms against the government in the initial Imperial Diet; in addition, it became a cause of a series of tax increase of brewery tax as the financial resource to replace land-tax.
- さらには、他の首謀者(黒幕)がいたとする説も多数あり、日本史上の大きな謎のひとつとなっている(各説については変の要因を参照)。
- There are also many views that there was another ringleader (mastermind), it became one of the big questions in Japanese history. (For more information on individual views, refer to the section on 'Fact about the Incident.')
- しかし朝廷はこの時、彼らの間の不満が乱の原因になったとの認識のもと、彼らを五位・六位といった受領級の中・下流貴族に昇進させた。
- The Imperial Court, based on their understanding that their discontent led to the outbreak of the war, promoted these individuals to low to middle class, fifth or sixth rank aristocratic zuryo.
- これに対して今回の相論の原因を作った近衛信輔は一夜にして700年続いた摂関家の伝統を潰した人物として公家社会から孤立を深めた。
- On the other hand, Nobusuke KONOE, who had caused the dispute, was increasingly isolated from the society of court nobles, being labeled as a person who ended the 700-year-old tradition of the sekkanke overnight.
- 慶安元年(1648年)には丹後国宮津藩主・京極高広との間に諍いを起こし、それが原因で紀通が謀反を企んでいるという風聞が流れた。
- Due to conflict Norimichi had with Takahiro KYOGOKU, the lord of the Miyazu Domain in Tango province, in 1648, a rumor began circulating that he was plotting a rebellion.
- 1573年(天正元年)、出雲国の戦国大名尼子氏の支流・新宮党の遺児である尼子勝久と山中鹿之介が因幡に侵入し、甑山城に入城する。
- Katsuhisa AMAKO, a bereaved son of Shingu-to, an offshoot of the Amako clan of Izumo Province, and Shikanosuke YAMANAKA entered Koshikiyama Castle in 1573.
- だが、皇位継承と徳政実施の過程において幕府との対立が表面化するようになり、朝廷内に再び反幕府の動きを潜在化させる遠因となった。
- However, during the processes of imperial succession and implementation of Tokusei, discord with the bakufu arose and became the underlying cause of a resurgence of the latent anti-bakufu sentiment within the Imperial Court.
- 特にこうした商人が続出した大阪(大坂から改称)は経済的に大打撃を受けて、日本経済の中心的地位から転落する要因となったのである。
- Osaka was particularly hard hit since many such merchants were in Osaka, and it became the cause for Osaka's fall from being in a position as the center of Japanese economy.
- そのため、一揆が原因になることもあるが、政権の転覆を図る反乱、暴動、クーデターなどとは本来ははっきりと区別されるべき語である。
- Therefore, although ikki sometimes caused revolts, riots and coup d'état, all of which occurred through efforts to overturn the regime, the word 'ikki' should essentially be distinguished from those words (revolt, riot, coup d'état).
- しかし、氏清の甥の山名氏家(因幡守護)が一族と合流すべく京を退去するに及んで洛中は大騒ぎになり、重臣たちも山名氏の謀反を悟る。
- However, Rakuchu (inside the capital city of Kyoto) was in chaos as Ujikiyo's nephew, Ujiie YAMANA (shugo of Inaba Province) left Kyoto in order to join his clan, and the senior vassals became aware of the Yamana clan's rebellion.
- 荘園絵図(しょうえんえず)とは、上記のため、あるいはそれに起因した具体的な紛争を解決するための手段として描かれた絵地図である。
- Shoenezu is a pictorial map drawn for the above mentioned purpose or as a means of settling a concrete dispute arising therefrom.
- しかし、藤原氏と外戚関係のない後三条天皇が即位し、また娘歓子に皇子が生れなかったことから実権を失い、藤原氏衰退の要因となった。
- However, the Emperor Gosanjo, who was not related to Fujiwara clan, ascended the throne, and since his daughter Kanshi did not conceive an imperial child, Norimichi lost the political power and became the cause for the fall of Fujiwara clan.
- 天保12年(1842年)に12代将軍・徳川家慶付き上臈・姉小路が食する天ぷら調理が原因で火事を起こし、本丸を全焼させてしまう。
- In 1824, Honmaru was burned down by fire while cooking tempura to be served to Anekoji who was the 12th Shogun Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA's joro (high ranking woman).
- 背景には、執権職を独占する北条氏内部の主導権争いと、北条氏の専横に反感を抱き将軍権力の浮揚を図る御家人たちの不満が要因にあった。
- There were a conflict for the leadership inside the Hojo clan who exclusively possessed shikken no shiki (title of the regent) as the backdrop, and the dissatisfaction of gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) who felt antipathy to the Hojo clan's tyranny, and tried to increase the power of the shogun as one of the factors.
- 9歳で近くの寺の僧より碁を学び、11歳で父の江戸勤番の時に本因坊烈元に碁を見てもらい「碁園の鳳雛」と認められ、帰郷した後に入門。
- He learnt a game of Go from a monk in a neighboring temple at age of 9, then at age of 11, he studied a game of Go from Retsugen HONINBO when his father was at Edo kinban (on duty in Edo) and was recognized as 'a young Chinese phoenix in the Go world', then he became a disciple after he returned to home.
- ただし実際にはそれ以前にも、特に有能な者は加増をしてでも高位に取り立てる事は行われており、それが幕府財政窮乏の一因ともなっていた。
- However, in fact, it had been implemented before that time to have an especially capable person take a high position by adding a yield, which was one of causes depressing financial affairs of the bakufu.
- いずれの書物も内匠頭が遺恨を主張していることについては触れているが、刃傷の原因となった「遺恨」の細かい内容については記していない。
- Every book talks about Takumi no Kami having a grudge; however, it does not go into details about the grudge that caused an affair of a sword fight.
- これを天人相関思想というが、日本を救った暴風雨を神風と呼ぶこととなったのも、この天人相関思想に起因するという説が有力となっている。
- It is called Tenjin Sokan Shiso (Idea of Correlation between Heaven and Man), and according to a widely-accepted theory, this idea led people to call the storm that saved Japan Kamikaze.
- 大国主の稲羽の素兎(因幡の白兎)や求婚と受難の話が続き(大国主の神話)、スクナヒコナと供に大国主の国づくりを進めたことが記される。
- It was followed by stories of Okuninushi such as the white hare of Inaba, an offer of marriage, and disasters (mythology of Okuninushi), and then it stated that Okuninushi proceeded the development of National land together with Sukunahikona.
- そのため知識人層にとって漢文の読み書きが標準的素養であり、政治指導者階層への普及という点で漢文表記が阻害要因となることはなかった。
- Therefore almost all intellectuals could read and write in Chinese, and Chinese did not become a barrier to diffusion of 'Bankoku Koho' among political leaders.
- 杉本宗明(下野国)-杉本時明(安芸国)-杉本貞連(因幡国)-杉本貞清-杉本駒石丸-杉本久連-杉本連秀-杉本義清-杉本義定と続いた。
- The clan carried the name in the following line: Muneaki SUGIMOTO (Shimotsuke Province) - Tokiaki SUGIMOTO (Aki Province) - Sadatsura SUGIMOTO (Inaba Province) - Sadakiyo SUGIMOTO - Komaishimaru SUGIMOTO - Hisatsura SUGIMOTO - Tsurahide SUGIMOTO - Yoshikiyo SUGIMOTO - Yoshisada SUGIMOTO.
- この時算節は「予に敗兆ありとせば断固死を決して打ち継ぐべし」と述べたが、因淑は「勝敗未だ判じ難き」と答えて、打ち掛けとしたという。
- At that time, Sansetsu said 'when there is a hint of loss of the game, I have to continue playing this game even though I have to die afterward,' but Inshuku replied 'it is difficult to judge who is winning,' and so the game was left unfinished.
- 細川忠興はこの際千世を離縁して前田との関係を絶とうとしたが、忠隆が承知しなかったことが廃嫡の原因であると、現在では解釈されている。
- The cause of the disinheritance is currently interpreted as Tadaoki HOSOKAWA taking the opportunity to try to divorce Chiyo in order to cut their connection with the Maeda family, which was not agreed to by Tadataka.
- 落馬は結果であるなら脳卒中など脳血管障害が事故の前に起きており、落馬自体が原因なら頭部外傷性の脳内出血を引き起こしたと考えられる。
- If the fall from a horse were an effect, a cerebral vascular disturbance, such as stroke, must have happened before the accident, and if a fall from a horse was the cause, it would have resulted in traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
- 生活は楽ではなかったが、画を認めてくれた旗本・久貝因幡守の財政援助を得て「阿房宮兵燹の図」「呂后人彘を作る図」などの大作を描いた。
- His life was not easy, but drew big pieces such as 'Picture of Abokyu Heisen' and 'Ryogo Jintei wo Tsukuru E' (picture of making Ryogo jintei) through financial support from Kugai, hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun) and the governor of the Inaba Province who recognized his talent.
- この文明(正確には皐月の解読した文書)をモチーフとして作られたのがアルケミストのオリジナルゲーム「片神名〜喪われた因果律〜」である。
- With a motif of this civilization (to be precise, the document deciphered by Kogetsu), Alchemist created their original game 'Katakana - lost causality'.
- このことが、現在の登記簿においても、登記簿と実際の地形や測量面積が一致しないこと(いわゆる「縄伸び」「縄縮み」)の原因となっている。
- This inaccurate survey resulted in disagreement between the record in the registry and the actual topographical shape of the land or the surveyed area; (these inaccuracies are referred to 'nawa nobi' (rope stretching) and 'nawa chijimi' (rope shrinking).
- 更に戦いの長期化に備えて各藩が兵糧米を備蓄した事によって米価が暴騰し、全国各地で一揆や打ちこわしが起こる原因となった(世直し一揆)。
- In addition, since each domain stockpiled the provisions of rice for their army, the rice price soared, and as a result, uprising and destructive urban riots (Yonaoshi Ikki, a series of uprisings calling for social reforms) occurred in various places all over Japan.
- この原因を航海技術が未熟であったためとする見方が主流であるが、佐伯有清は遣唐使船の大型化、東野治之は遣唐使の外交的条件を挙げている。
- While a mainstream view for these disappearances is that they were due to poor sailing, Arikiyo SAEKI says that it was due to the fact the boats got larger and Haruyuki TONO argues that it was due to the diplomatic conditions of the missions to Tang China.
- 本人の素行や健康に問題がなくとも、後継者たる子、特に男子がないこと、婚姻問題やそれに付随して発生する諸問題も廃太子の原因となりうる。
- Even when a prince himself is decent and healthy, he could still be disinherited if he did not have a heir, especially a son, or due to the troubles arising from his marriage and their consequences.
- 目的は秀吉の朝鮮出兵(文禄・慶長の役)のための兵力把握や人夫の動員可能数の把握と言われているが、結果として兵農分離の一因ともなった。
- The goal was said to have determine the mobilization capacity of military force and workers to deal with Korean invasions (Bunroku and Keicho battles) by Hideyoshi and it also contributed to the separation of warriors and farmers.
- 伊福部都牟自(いふくべのつむじ、生年不詳 - 斉明天皇4年(658年)3月11日 (旧暦))は因幡国の古代豪族、伊福部氏の人である。
- Ifukube no tsumuji (year of birth unknown, April 21, 658) is a member of Ifukube clan which was an ancient local ruling family in Inaba Province.
- 北浜銀行に取り付け騒ぎが起こった一番の原因は、生駒トンネル建設工事で無謀とも思われる多額の資金を大阪電気軌道に貸し出したためである。
- The underlying reason for the toll taken at Kitahama Bank was the reckless massive loan made to Osaka Electric Tramway Co., Ltd. in connection with the Ikoma tunnel construction project.
- 井上玄覚因碩(いのうえ げんかくいんせき、慶長10年(1605年) - 延宝元年(1673年)1月14日)は、囲碁の棋士 (囲碁)。
- Genkaku Inseki INOUE (1605 - March 2, 1673) was an Igo (board game of capturing territory) player.
- また、歴代藩主の多くが若年寄や大坂加番、大番頭や奏者番などの要職を歴任したことも、かえって藩財政の出費を著しいものとする遠因となった。
- Even though many of the lords of the domain served important posts such as wakadoshiyori, Osaka-kaban (a secondary guard post of Osaka-jo Castle), Oban gashira (captains of the great guards) and sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) one after another, such service only added further expense on top of the domain's suffering financial situation.
- しかし、実際は過酷な労働が原因で多くの者が命を落としたり、出所後は早々に故郷に逃げ帰る者が多く、人口の増加に貢献をすることは無かった。
- However, in fact prisoners did not contribute to the increase of the population because many of them died due to hard work or ran back to their hometowns after release.
- 期待していた親類の細川幽斎、与力の筒井順慶ら近畿の有力大名の支持を得られなかったことが戦力不足につながり、敗因の一つであったと言える。
- It can be said that one of causes of his defeat was that he did not have sufficient military strength caused by his failure to acquire support from powerful warlord in the Kinki area such as Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was his relative, and Junkei TSUTSUI, who was a yoriki (warlord attached to another) to Mitsuhide.
- 『陰徳太平記』『因幡民談記』などによれば、高信の遺児・武田源五郎は南条元続の許に、源三郎(武田助信)は毛利秀包の許に身を寄せたという。
- According to 'Intoku Taiheiki' and 'Inaba Mindanki,' Gengoro TAKEDA and Genzaburo TAKEDA (Sukenobu TAKEDA), bereaved sons of Takanobu, stayed with Mototsugu NANJO and Hidekane MORI respectively.
- さらに同じく五大老の一人で家康と並ぶ政権の重鎮であった前田利家の死により対立を止める者が居なくなり、関ヶ原の戦いの要因の一つとなった。
- As one of the prominent figures in the administration, Toshiie MAEDA who was also one of the Gotairo died around this time, and there was no one left to stop the contention, which led to the Battle of Sekigahara.
- またそれらの背後関係よりも、公暁個人が野心家で実朝の跡目としての将軍就任を狙ったところに、この事件の最も大きな要因を求める見解もある。
- Moreover, according to another view, the major factor of the incident was that Kugyo himself was so ambitious that he drove at the position of the shogun as Sanetomo's successor, rather than those backgrounds.
- 信長は可成の死を深く悲しみ、直後に弔い合戦として浅井・朝倉軍に協力した比叡山延暦寺を焼き討ちすることになる原因のひとつになったという。
- Nobunaga deeply grieved Yoshinari's loss and immediately marched out to battle to avenge his death; indeed, Yoshinari's death is said to be one reason for his subsequent burning down of Mt. Hiei's Enryaku-ji Temple, whose monks had joined forces with the Asai and Asakura army.
- 正保元年(1644年)、寺社奉行より道碩後継の碁打衆頭領の地位の詮議では、玄覚は本因坊算悦とともに辞退、安井算哲も就任はならなかった。
- In 1644, during the investigation of the successive head of the go house after Doseki, Genkaku and Saneetsu HONINBO both declined, and neither was Santetsu YASUI able to access the post.
- この演説で正造は、「豊作の原因は断じて工事の効果ではない。去年の大洪水による山崩れで、新しい土が被害農地にかぶさったためだ」と抗弁した。
- In those lectures, Shozo protested as 'the good harvest is never a result from the construction, but it is because the landslides occurred by the bad flood last year and the farmlands of the damaged area were covered with new earth.'
- 後に父の未亡人藤原登子(中宮安子の妹)が村上天皇に召されるという事件が起こったことも、徽子女王が後宮に落ち着かなかった一因であったろう。
- And later, her father's widow FUJIWARA no Nariko (the younger sister of Empress Anshi) was summoned to court by Emperor Murakami may have contributed to Kishi's unease at the inner palace.
- 特に、この時に交替した上総国・相模国では有力在庁の上総広常・三浦義明は平氏の目代に圧迫を受け、源頼朝の挙兵に積極的に加わる要因となった。
- Tsunehiro KAZUSA and Yoshiaki MIURA of the powerful government officers of the alternated Kazusa and Sagami Provinces, were pressurized by Mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) of Taira clan, and this became a trigger for them to greatly contribute to the mobilization of the army of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 武士の、つまり全国各地の騒乱のほぼ全ての原因が土地支配に関するものであり、頼朝の新統治理論はこの後永く幕藩体制の根幹を成すものになった。
- Questions over land ownership contributed to virtually all fighting and conflict among warriors--and thus, almost all disturbances throughout the country--and Yoritomo's new theory of governance (as expressed by the Hyojosho) was to serve as the foundation of the bakufu-dominal system for many years thereafter.
- 丹後の人々は「皇后の御名をそのままお呼びするのは畏れ多い」として、皇后が(その地を)退座したことに因み「たいざ」と読むことにしたという。
- People in Tango were afraid of using the name of the empress directly, so they used 'Taiza' (literally means 'leave' in Japanese) as their place-name, connecting with that Anahobe no hashihitohime left Taiza.
- その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
- In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
- 近藤との確執の原因は、諸説あり、殿内自身の人間性に問題があったとするものや、近藤の野心の犠牲者になった第一号、芹沢派による粛清など様々。
- Various reasons abound as to the reason behind the feud between Tonouchi and Kondo including: Tonouchi's less than fine character; he was the first person who was killed as a result of Kondo's ambition; it was a purge carried out by the Serizawa faction.
- 応仁の乱の原因を作った1人とも言われ、『応仁別記』という本には「世の中は 皆歌読に 業平の 伊勢物語 せぬ人ぞなき」という落首が伝わる。
- He is said to be one of the persons responsible for the Onin War, and the book entitled 'Onin Bekki' includes a lampoon '世の中は 皆歌読に 業平の 伊勢物語 せぬ人ぞなき.'
- だが、同時にその原因は追討使であった平直方や諸国兵士、すなわち朝廷軍による収奪であったと明言している(『左経記』長元7年10月24日条)。
- But, at the same time, it is clearly stated that it was caused by plundering by the tsuitoshi TAIRA no Naokata and country soldiers who formed the imperial court army ('Sakeiki' (A Diary of MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori, the section of October 24, 1034)).
- 大隈は改正案に反対する右翼団体の団員から爆裂弾を投げつけられ右脚切断の重傷を負い、これが原因で黒田内閣は崩壊、改正交渉はまたしも挫折した。
- OKUMA was attacked with an explosive bomb by a member of the right-wing group who opposed to the revision plan and was seriously injured, losing his right leg, which led to the collapse of the KURODA Cabinet and ended the revision negotiation again.
- その他、敗因はさまざまに語られるが、上記のとおり重複する点も含めて、日本軍が元軍の上陸前に船や陸上から攻撃を与えたことも要因の一つである。
- Although various other reasons are considered to have led to the defeat, one of the reasons was the fact that the Japanese army attacked the Yuan army in boats or on shore, before it disembarked, including the attacks described above.
- その後、紀伊田辺藩との同一藩名を解消するため太政官より田辺藩の名称変更を命じられ、同年6月に田辺城の雅号・舞鶴城に因んで舞鶴藩に改称した。
- The Dajokan (great council of state) then ordered that the name of the Tango Tanabe clan be changed, in order to prevent duplicating the name of the Kii Tanabe clan, causing the Tanabe clan to change its name to the Maizuru clan after the pseudonym of Maizuru castle (Tanabe castle), in June of the year.
- しかし、同母妹である軽大娘皇女(かるのおおいらつめ)と情を通じた(近親相姦)それが原因となって允恭天皇の崩御後に失脚、伊予の国へ流される。
- But he had an (incestuous) affair with his younger sister-uterine Karu no oiratsume and as a result, he was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo, and was deported to Iyo Province.
- 他にも、織田政権が崩壊した理由には、極端な能力主義を採ったために、信長死後の羽柴秀吉による織田家の簒奪を許したことが主要因との意見もある。
- Another theory suggests that the Oda government collapsed because Nobunaga adopted a system of radical meritocracy, which allowed Hideyoshi HASHIBA to usurp the position of the Oda clan after Nobunaga's death.
- また翌年の慶長6年、島津家では一向宗禁止令が出され(義久、義弘、忠恒の連名による正式な通達として)、その後の「かくれ念仏」の原因となった。
- The next year in 1601, the Shimazu family issued a ban on the Ikko sect (a formal notice with the names of Yoshihisa, Yoshihiro and Tadatsune), and ultimately this became the cause of the later 'hidden chanting.'
- 1996年(平成8年)10月31日、近接していた学生集会所(サークル棟)向かいの建物からの失火が原因とされる火災で旧食堂の西側を焼失した。
- On October 31, 1996, the west side of the former dining room was burnt down due to an accidental fire occurring in the building situated on the opposite of the student meeting place (building for club activities).
- また、『入明諸要例』では同次遣明船について500~2500石の船が門司、富田、上関、柳井、尾道、鞆、田島、因島、牛窓に配されたとしている。
- According to 'Nyumin shoyorei,' ships of 500 to 2500 goku were on standby at Moji, Tomita, Kamiseki, Yanai, Onomichi, Tomo, Tajima, Innoshima and Ushimado respectively for the same fleet of Kenminsen.
- 胃弱が原因で頻繁に放屁をしたが、その音が破れ障子に風が吹き付ける音にそっくりだったことから、破障子なる落款を作り、使用していたことがある。
- He frequently broke wind because of his dyspepsia, and it sounded like wind blowing through a broken paper door, so that for a while he used Broken Paper Door as his signature.
- その原因は妻が三成の人質となっていたたとも、元々豊臣方であったためとも、どちらが敗れても前田氏の家名を残そうとする策であったともいわれる。
- The reason for this is thought to be whether his wife was taken hostage by Mitsunari, or he was on the side of Toyotomi from the beginning, or it was a measure to keep their family name of Maeda clan when either side was defeated.
- また元禄年間を過ぎた頃から銅の産出に陰りが見え始め、輸出用の御用銅が不足し始めたことも鋳銭事業に対する幕府の管理体制を強化させた一因である。
- After the Genroku era (from 1688 to 1703) production of copper began to decline and the bakufu was running out of copper for export, which was one of the reasons the bakufu strengthened the control of mintage.
- また、中の君の異母妹浮舟 (源氏物語)が薫の恋人と知りながら、薫になりすまして契りを結び、彼女が苦悩の末入水を図る原因となった(「浮舟」)。
- Also, he had a relationship with Ukifune (A Drifting Boat), Naka no Kimi's younger sister by a different mother, pretending to be Kaoru, although he knew that she was Kaoru's lover, and it caused her to commit suicide by throwing herself into the water after she agonized. ('Ukifune').
- しかし『明六雑誌』の啓蒙主義は、迷信や因習に縛られない自由で合理的な精神を追求し、欲望や利害に関し肯定的な功利主義に立つ人間像をもっていた。
- However, the philosophy of enlightenment in 'Meiroku Zasshi' had an image of human who sought a free rational sprit independent from superstition and convention and stood on utilitarianism which was affirmative for desires and interests.
- 因みに警備を担当した宮門は、氏族名から「佐伯門」と名付けられたが、平安宮では唐風文化の影響から、「さへき」に音通する「藻壁門」と改められた。
- The Imperial Palace's gates at which the Saeki clan had served was named 'Saeki-mon' (Saeki Gate) after their surname, however, because Tang culture was the latest trend, Saeki-mon (佐伯門 pronounced as 'safeki-mon' in those days and 'safeki' was Japanese word) of Heian-kyu Palace which was built much later was changed to Soheki-mon (藻壁門 pronounced as 'saufeki-mon' in those days and 'saufeki' was the then Chinese pronunciation) which sound was very similar to Saeki-mon.
- 一方、「もって死す」つまり「だから死んだ」と読んだ場合、この前に書かれている、狗奴国との紛争もしくは難升米の告諭が死の原因ということになる。
- On the other hand, under the translation 'so she died,' it can be interpreted that the cause of her death was a conflict with Kunakoku or Nashime's manifesto, which was written before this.
- 巡察使の報告により国司に与えられた賞の一部だが、他の二人、因幡国守の船秦勝や遠江国守の漆部道麻呂と異なり、御主人と御行には任地の国名がない。
- Regarding the part of awards given to kokushi (provincial governor) which was based on the reports of the Junsatsushi (circuit inspector), it is known that Miyuki and Minushi served as kokushi but unlike FUNE no Hatakatsu and NURIBE no Michimaro, known to have been made the governors of Inaba Province and Totomi Province, respectively, no indication is given as to which provinces Miyuki and Minushi governed.
- 頼俊はこの事件が原因で事実上失脚し、副将格の清原貞衡(清原真衡)が鎮守府将軍に任ぜられたのと対照的に延久蝦夷合戦の功を全く認められなかった。
- This incident made Yoritoshi lose his position and his military service at the Battle of Enkyo Ezo was not appreciated at all, while KIYOHARA no Sadahira (also known as KIYOHARA no Sanehira), who was the second-in-command of Yoritoshi's army, was appointed to be the Chinju-fu Shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
- この結果、尾崎行雄が外務省参事官に任命されるなど政党からの参事官起用が実現した(逆に、これが第2次山縣内閣による文官任用令改正の遠因となる)。
- As a result, employment of counsellors from the political parties was realized such as Yukio OZAKI who was assigned as Counsellor for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (on the contrary, this became the underlying cause for revision of the Civil Service Appointment Ordinance by the Second Yamagata Cabinet).
- このように、農業界からの人材流出と米の消費量の増加が続いた事に加え、大戦の影響によって米の輸入量が減少した事も重なり、米価暴騰の原因となった。
- Thus, the sharp rise in rice prices was caused by decreased amount of imported rice due to the influence of the War in addition to the loss of personnel from the farming industry and the increase in consumption of rice.
- また、天理教の布教活動にも圧力がかけられ、革新委員会が自衛措置として戦争協力を推進したことから、施設の提供が容易だったことも要因に挙げられる。
- In addition, other factors can be mentioned; since the activity of the Tenri sect was under pressure, the reform committee encouraged cooperation for the war as a means of self-defense, so it was easy for them to provide facilities.
- 平家滅亡により源氏の勢力が強くなった事、奥州に深く関わっていた義経が頼朝と対立した事などにより中立を維持できなくなった事が滅亡の原因となった。
- The causes of the downfall of the Oshu Fujiwara clan were that the Minamoto clan strengthened its power through the downfall of the Taira clan, and that it failed to maintain its neutrality because Yoshitune, who had had a close relation with the clan, became opposed to Yoritomo.
- 丈和は「(山本)山本源吉、(井上)井上因砂因碩、(林)林元美、算節等の技は、伯仲の間にあるも、気味合に至りては算節を長とすべし」と評している。
- Jowa said, 'the techniques of (Yamamoto) Genkichi Yamamoto, (Inoue) Insainseki INOUE, (Hayashi) Genbi HAYASHI and Sansetsu are level pegging, but in terms of the style of playing, Sansetsu should be the best.'
- 藤原実資の『小右記』によれば、三条天皇の眼病の原因は藤原元方と内供奉を務め後に天台座主になれずに憤死した賀静の怨霊であることが記載されている。
- According to 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), the reason for the eye disease of Emperor Sanjo was the wraith of Gasho who could not become the head of the Tendai Sect after serving under FUJIWARA no Motokata as the naigubu (a special monk who held a position in the imperial court).
- 義民とされた人々が極刑に処された理由としては徒党を組んだことが問題視されたものであり、越訴・直訴そのものが直接の原因ではないことに注意を要する。
- It should be noted that the reason why people who sacrificed themselves for justice received a capital punishment was that forming a faction was regarded as a serious matter and osso/jikiso themselves were not a direct reason.
- しかしながら、執事職相続の際の内紛が原因で舅であった姫路藩主池田輝政の家臣となり、更に池田姓を名乗ることを許され、播磨新宮藩を創設した家である。
- However, the clan became a retainer of his uncle Terumasa IKEDA, the lord of the Himeji clan, due to internal problems in inheriting the steward post, and was permitted to use the surname of Ikeda, and then established the Harima-Shingu clan.
- 尚、庭訓とは、『論語』季子篇の中にある孔子が庭を走る息子を呼び止め詩や礼を学ぶよう諭したという故事に因み、父から子への教訓や家庭教育を意味する。
- The word 'teikin' originates from a historical event taken from the Ji Shi (Chief of the Ji Clan) section of 'Rongo' (the Analects of Confucius) in which Confucius called to his son to stop running in a garden and encouraged him to learn poetry and etiquette, signifying teachings from father to son and home education.
- 「玄室」と言う名は、千家4代目の仙叟宗室が宗室襲名前に玄室と名乗っており、この事に因んで12代直叟宗室が隠居した際に玄室を名乗った事に由来する。
- The fourth generation Soshitsu HANSO identified himself as 'Genshitsu' before succession to the name of Soshitsu, which started when the twelfth Soshitsu JIKISHO identified himself as Genshitsu upon retirement.
- 江戸時代の伴信友は『万葉集』に収録されている額田王(女性)の和歌の内容から、額田王をめぐる争いが天智・天武間の不和の遠因ではないかと推測している。
- Nobutomo BAN who lived in the Edo period presumed that the remote cause of the dissatisfaction between Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Tenmu was a dispute over Nukata no Okimi (woman) as in the contents of waka (Japanese poetry) written by Nukata no Okimi in the 'Manyoshu' (anthology of Japanese poems).
- ただし、当時は原因が分かっておらず、これを8月12日に最初に報じた朝野新聞も、足尾銅山が原因かもしれないというような、あいまいな書き方をしている。
- However, at that time the cause was unclear; and in Choya Shinbun, the newspaper that first reported the incident on August 12, reported ambiguously that Ashio copper mine may have caused it.
- 朝鮮最初の条約が不平等条約であったのは、日本側の砲艦外交の結果でもあるが、国際法や条約体制に関し、朝鮮側が関心を払っていなかったことも要因である。
- The first treaty, which Korea concluded was an unequal treaty due to the gunboat diplomacy of Japan but it is also pointed out that Korea did not pay attention to it.
- 手白香皇女が継体天皇の皇后となった理由として、母である春日大娘皇女と同じく傍系天皇の正当性を立てるための政略的な要因が大きかったと考えられている。
- It is regarded that the reason for Princess Tashiraka becoming an empress to Emperor Keitai was largely due to political reasons that were to bring legitimacy to an Emperor of collateral lineage such was as her mother, Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko.
- いつ頃から因幡山名氏に仕えたのかは不明だが、『蔭涼軒日録』延徳3年(1491年)11月6日条に山名豊時家臣として「武田左衛門大夫」の記述が見える。
- It is unknown from when the clan started to serve the Yamana clan of Inaba, but the name 'Saemontayu TAKEDA' can be seen in the 'Inryoken Nichiroku' dated December 16, 1491 as one of vassals of Toyotoki YAMANA.
- また田村が七段昇段記念の碁(1905年)で、相手の雁金五段に持碁にするように申し入れた件を棋譜から見破られたことも、田村が信用を失う一因とされる。
- Also, it is said to have been a factor, which Tamura lost Shuei's trust when he asked Karigane, five dan, finishing their match in a jigo (drawn match) in the commemoration of his promotion to seven dan (in 1905) was revealed from the kifu (record of a game of go, shogi, chess, etc.).
- 原因は、当時の田舎ではキリスト教はヤソと言われ毛嫌いされていたことと、井口が教壇を使って生徒達に布教活動をしたのではないかと思われたことであった。
- This was because Christianity was called Yaso and hated by people in the countryside at that time and also people thought that Iguchi was converting students in class.
- 因みに美賀子との仲はしっくりいかなかった慶喜であるが、美賀子の実家との仲は良好で、将軍後見職を務めていた頃には菊亭(今出川)家の世話になっている。
- In fact, Yoshonobu did not have a good relation with Mikako, but he got along with her parents and relied on the Kikutei (Imadegawa) family when he was the Shogun-kokenshoku.
- 三条西家の荘園は畿内を中心に美濃・尾張にも散在していたが、遠隔地からの収入は基準に大きく及ばないことが多く、経済的に不安定となる大きな要因となった。
- Although the Sanjonishi family's shoen were scattered mainly in Kinai District (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) and Mino and Owari Provinces as well, income from the distant provinces was mostly far behind the standard, which caused a serious unstable income.
- これには、頻発した地震や反対勢力の抵抗などの原因が指摘されているが、わざわざ建設半ばの大仏までも捨ててしまうほどの、肝腎の主因はよく分かっていない。
- As its possible causes, earthquakes occurring frequently and resistance from the opposition power are pointed out, but the main cause that forced them to abandon even the Great Buddha under construction is not well known.
- これは勝元による西軍諸大名(大内氏・土岐氏など)に対する後方撹乱策が主な原因であり、その範囲は奥羽・関東・越後・甲斐を除くほぼ全国に広がっていった。
- The expansion was mainly a consequence of tactics of Katsumoto to Western camp daimyos (including the Ouchi and Toki families) to harass the rear, and the expansion included substantially the whole country except the provinces of Ou, Kanto, Echigo, and Kai.
- 本来なら数日で落とせたはずの伏見城に10日以上もの期間をかけたため、西軍のその後の美濃国・伊勢国方面に対する攻略が大きく遅れる要因となったとされる。
- The western army's delay in occupying Fushimi-jo Castle, which was expected to be completed within a few days but in fact took 10 days, is said to have been a factor in the delay of attacking Mino Province and Ise Province, to which the western army was going to proceed after taking Fushimi-jo Castle.
- これには、現地の岡本が日露和親条約の効力を否定し、樺太を日本固有の領土とみなして、ロシア側の開発を原則拒否する態度を取っていたことにも原因があった。
- This was partly caused by the stance of Okamoto, who defied the effect of the treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan, regarded the island as indigenous to Japan, and in principle refused the development of the island by the Russians.
- このことは、旧幕臣の腐敗こそが江戸幕府の滅亡の原因で維新のために尽力した薩長土肥の若い人材こそが政府に必要であると考える大久保には理解できなかった。
- Okubo couldn't understand Kido's decision because he thought that the corruption among the retainers of the shogun was the cause of the Edo bakufu's fall and young people of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Hizen who strived to bring about the Meiji Restoration should be utilized for the new government.
- 発症者が増えた原因の第一は、花粉飛散量が増え、それに曝露された者が増えたためであることは明らかである(上記の地域別有症率との相関もこれを支持する)。
- It is clear that increases in airborne pollen levels and the number of individuals exposed to this pollen are the main reasons for the increase in the number of patients developing symptoms (this is supported by the above correlation with symptom prevalence rate by area).
- なお、東京都板橋区「高島平」は、高島秋帆によって初めて洋式砲術と洋式銃陣の公開演習が行われたことに因んで名づけられたものであり昔からの地名ではない。
- Furthermore, 'Takashimadaira' in Itabashi Ward, Tokyo is named after the public exercise of foreign gunnery and western armed military camps by Shuhan TAKASHIMA, and it is not a historical name for a place.
- 1731年(享保16年)、京都の儒学者並川五一郎が上記文献により、墓所中央の自然石を王仁の墓とし、領主・久貝因幡守に進言「博士王仁之墓」の碑を建立。
- In 1731, Goichiro NAMIKAWA, a Confucian scholar from Kyoto, claimed based on the abovementioned writing that the natural stone at the center of the graveyard was the tomb of Wani, and proposed KUGAI, the landlord and governor of Inaba Province, to establish 'Dr. Wani's tomb.'
- 付言すれば、漢民族である袁世凱が衰退した清朝にあって最強兵力を保持し続けること自体が、やがて満漢対立という民族間の軋轢を増す不安定要因となっていった。
- Additionally, Yuan Shikai, who was a member of the Han race, held the greatest military power in the weakened Qing dynasty, and this in itself eventually brought about unrest and confrontation between the Manchu and Han ethnic groups.
- 天竺(インド)、震旦(中国)、本朝(日本)の3つに分かれ、それぞれ先に仏教説話(因果応報譚を含む)、あとに仏教説話以外の説話を並べる構成になっている。
- It is divided into three parts, Tenjiku (India), Shintan (China) and Honcho (Japan) with each part structured so that Buddhist setsuwa come first (including tales of reward and/or punishment for one's past behavior) and other setsuwa follow.
- 『今より以後、卯の始めに朝りて、巳の後に退でむ。因りて鐘を以て節とせよ』(官人たちの出士・退出時間があいまいなので、鐘で勤務時間をはっきりとさせよう)
- 'From now on, work should start before 6:00 am and finish after 10:00 am, and a bell should be rung at the start and end of work' (since the working hours of government officials were unclear, the sound of a bell let them know the start and finish time)
- 滅亡の原因は、一般的に言われている氏真の「無能」ぶり以上に、父・義元の度重なる外征がもたらした領国内の疲弊が深刻であったため、と近年では言われている。
- It is said recently that the clan collapsed because the economy of the territories worsened due to frequent wars by his father Yoshimoto rather than because Ujimasa was 'incompetent' as was generally rumored.
- 一ノ谷の戦いの敗因には、後白河による虚偽の和平提案・源氏の不意打ちがあったとされ(『吾妻鏡』2月20日条)、平氏の後白河への恨みは激しいものがあった。
- It was said that causes of defeat in the Battle of Ichinotani include a false proposal for peace by Goshirakawa and surprise attack by the Minamoto clan (Article for April 9 in 'Azuma Kagami') and therefore, the Taira clan's resentment against Goshirakawa was profound.
- 対立の原因は孝謙天皇の母光明皇后(光明子)が藤原氏出身であり、仲麻呂が孝謙天皇の寵愛を受けていたためそれを背景に仲麻呂が急速に台頭していたからである。
- This confrontation was caused by the fact that being from the FUJIWARA clan herself, Empress Komyo (Komyoshi), the mother of Empress Koken, favored Nakamaro, which enabled him to gain power rapidly.
- 天保9年(1838年)に安井家の跡目安井算知 (俊哲)を七段昇段を認めたことで、元美は井上幻庵因碩を添願人として、丈和との二十番の争碁願いを提出する。
- In 1838, Genbi submitted a request for Sogo (official challenge match) of Nijuban against Jowa, with Gennaninseki INOUE as tengannin, since Sanchi (Shuntetsu) YASUI, the heir of Yasui family, was approved to be promoted to seventh-dan.
- 将門の調停の元に興世王と武芝は和解したが、和議に応じなかった経基の陣を武芝の兵が取り囲み、経基は京に逃亡、将門謀反と上奏し承平天慶の乱の遠因となった。
- Okiyo-o (Prince Okiyo) and Takeshiba reconciled under Masakado's mediation; however, Takeshiba's force surrounded Tsunemoto, who did not respond to the reconciliation, and Tsunemoto escaped to the capital and reported Masakado's rebellion to the throne, which became the underlying cause of the Johei and Tengyo War.
- しかしその死因が吾妻鏡に登場するのは、頼朝の死から13年も後の事であり、死去した当時の吾妻鏡には、橋供養から葬儀まで、頼朝の死に関する記載が全く無い。
- However, the cause of death appears in 'Azuma Kagami' thirteen years after Yoritomo's death, and 'Azuma Kagami' at the time of Yoritomo's death contained no description about Yoritomo's death, from the Buddhist ceremony for bridging a river to the funeral ceremony.
- なお、『気違い部落』(1957年)はそのタイトルが主な原因となって、所謂封印作品となっている(ただしレトロスペクティヴなどで劇場上映される事はある)。
- The film 'Kichigai Buraku' (The Unbalanced Wheel) (1957) was banned from release mainly due to its title (however, it is shown at theaters for retrospective screenings).
- 特にイギリスは南アフリカでオランダと戦争状態にあったため(ボーア戦争)多くの兵力を送る余裕がなく、日本に派兵を要請したことも日本の大量派兵の一因である。
- Great Britain was at war against Holland in South Africa (Boer Wars) so they in particular did not have many surplus soldiers, so they requested Japan to dispatch their soldiers instead, which is why they sent a great number of soldiers.
- などがあり、すでに動作しているパーツやドライバが原因の可能性も考えられ、この状態に陥ると、解決を目指すよりも、諦めて構成を変更したほうが良い場合が多い。
- And, it is also possible that some operating parts and drivers are the cause and when the computer falls into such a state, it is often better to change the configuration rather than trying to solve the problem.
- 一度は女三宮とその愛人の柏木に怒りをつのらせた源氏であったが、生まれた子ども(薫)を見て、これが若い日の罪の報いであったことに気づかされる(因果応報)。
- Although Genji's anger builds up against Onna San no Miya and her lover Kashiwagi, he sees a newborn baby (Kaoru) and realizes that it is the fruit of the sin that he committed in his youth (karmic retribution).
- これらの地方王国は、北陸地方(越国)や山陰地方(因幡国、出雲国など)や北部九州(筑紫国、末盧国など)の地方王国と共に、日本海沿岸の一大勢力を築いていた。
- These local kingdoms, along with counterparts of Hokuriku region (Koshi Province), Sanin region (Inaba Province and Izumo Province), Northern Kyushu (Tsukushi Province and Matsura Kingdom), had great influence throughout the Japan Sea side of Japan.
- この乱は、3年後の平治の乱の遠因ともなり、さらには日本最初の武士政権である平氏政権の成立、また関東武士団を基盤とする鎌倉幕府の成立をもたらすこととなる。
- The disturbance, one of the underlying causes of the Heiji Disturbance (Heiji-no-ran) that occurred three years later, led to the establishment of Japan's first samurai-dominated government--that of the Taira clan--and the Kamakura shogunate based on the kanto warrior bands.
- 因幡国造浄成女(いなばのくにのみやつこきよなりのむすめ、? - 延暦15年(796年)10月15日 (旧暦))は奈良時代から平安時代初頭にかけての人物。
- Inabanokuni no Miyatsuko Kiyonari no Musume (born unknown and passed away on October 15, 796) was a person from the Nara period to the Heian period.
- 珍妃の殺害を命じたのは、彼女が光緒帝の寵愛を独占していたことや、若き日の西太后に似ており後々第2の西太后となることを危惧したことが原因であったと言われる。
- She ordered the assassination of Imperial Consort Zhen, who she considered to be dangerous, because Zhen had all of Emperor Guangxu's affection, and because Zhen reminded the Empress of her own youthful days, and she wanted to prevent Zhen from becoming the second Empress Dowager.
- 軍事作戦上の齟齬や各国軍の戦闘への積極性の違いも原因であったが、そもそも北京に早く到達すべきかどうかという根本的な点で意見の一致を見ていなかった為である。
- The contradicting military strategies and the difference in the enthusiasm of each army toward the battle were causes, but it was mainly due to lack of basic agreement about whether to arrive in Beijing early or not.
- 牽牛織女が巡り合うという七夕に因んだ歌を50首も詠み、資盛の忌日に追善供養を営みながら、自分の死後も弔う人があってほしいと願ったといい、哀傷は連綿と続く。
- After composing 50 poems having to do with the Tanabata festival, when The Weaver and the Cowherd meet, she holds a religious service for the repose of Sukemori's soul on the anniversary of his death, and wishing there were someone to mourn for her after her own death, her grief continues on and on.
- それが原因で允恭天皇崩御後、軽太子は群臣に背かれて失脚、伊予国へ流刑となるが、衣通姫もそれを追って伊予に赴き、再会を果たした二人は心中する(衣通姫伝説)。
- As a result, rebelled against by many of his retainers, Karu no hitsugi no miko was overthrown after the demise of Emperor Ingyo and was deported to Iyo Province, where Sotoorihime followed him and the two committed joint suicide (Sotoorihime legend).
- また、明和期以前は一分判より低額面のものは寛永通寳一文 (通貨単位)銭であったため、この中間を補佐する貨幣の需要が高かったことも流通が普及した要因である。
- Another reason for Nanryo Nishu Gin circulating well was that auxiliary currency in between was much in demand because Kanei Tsuho Ichimon Sen (a coin currency unit) had been the only lower face value than Ichibu Ban (Koban) before the Meiwa era.
- ちなみにダービーマッチとは本来、地元を同じくするチーム同士の試合をいうが、日本では因縁があったり特別盛り上がる試合を指すこともあり、川中島ダービーは後者。
- By the way, the term of a Derby match is originally used for indicating a match between teams whose hometowns are the same, but in Japan, is sometimes used also indicating a match that becomes especially excited due to a special historical reason, and the Kawanakajima Derby is a typical example of the latter type.
- 死因については、当時流行して多数の貴族の命を奪った疫病ではなく、酒の飲みすぎなどからきた飲水病(糖尿病)の悪化が偶々この時期に重なったものと見られている。
- He is supposed to have died not of a plague which had prevailed and killed many court nobles at that time, but of aggravation of mizu nomi yami (water-drinking illness) (diabetes) resulting from excessive ingestion of sake (alcohol), which he coincidentally experienced at the time.
- 訳書には『和蘭(紅毛)流膏薬方』、『正骨要訣』、『布斂吉黴瘡篇』、『因液発備』(耕牛の口述を没後に刊行。のちに江馬蘭斎が『五液診方』として別に訳出)など。
- His translated works included 'Waran-ryu (Komo-ryu) Koyaku-ho' (Dutch [Western] Salve Prescription), 'Seikotsu Yoketsu' (Summary of Osteopathy), 'Plenck Baiso-hen' (Plenck's Book on Syphilis), and 'Ineki Happi' (Excretory Mechanism) (published after the death of Yoshio but based on his oral statements and later retranslated and published by Ransai EMA under the name of the 'Goeki Shinpo').
- 文政9年(1826年)3月、婚儀の大役を終えた茂義は佐賀に戻るが、その途中、品川で藩主鍋島斉直の遊興の場であった別邸を財政破綻の一因であるとして破却した。
- In April 1826, on his way back to Saga after completion of a substantial role for the marriage, Shigeyoshi forcibly closed a villa in Shinagawa, a place for pleasure for Narinao NABESHIMA (the lord of the domain), insisting that it was one of the causes of the financial collapse.
- 「後日足利尊氏が九州で勢いを盛り返した際にも、英時の義弟(尊氏の正室赤橋登子は英時の妹)であるという点が九州諸豪族の心を動かす一因となったのではないか。」
- Later, when Takauji ASHIKAGA regained momentum in Kyushu, the fact that Takauji ASHIKAGA was Hidetoki's younger brother-in-law (Takauji's lawful wife, Toko AKAHASHI was Hidetoki's younger sister) might have contributed to touch the hearts of Gozoku (local ruling family) in Kyushu.
- 清胤(しょういん(「清因(せいいん)」とも)、天慶6年(943年)- 長徳元年5月8日_(旧暦)(995年6月13日))は、平安時代の天台宗の僧侶・歌人。
- Shoin (also called Seiin, 943 - June 13, 995) was a Buddhist priest of the Tendai sect and a waka poet in the Heian period.
- 同様に新免無二と吉岡家との足利義昭御前試合に関する逸話も他の史料になく、因縁を将軍家と絡めて描くことで物語性を高めるための創作である可能性を否定できない。
- In other materials, information of the fight between Muni and the Yoshioka in front of the shogun is not found, therefore, that anecdote might be a fabrication as well which Iori or someone came up with for enhancing the story by involving the shogun family.
- 死因に関しては、侍医御宿監物書状(戦国遺文2638号)にみられる持病の労咳(肺結核)、肺炎、『甲陽軍鑑』による胃癌若しくは食道癌による病死説が有力である。
- His chronic pulmonary tuberculosis is widely accepted to be the cause of death, and was stated in Jii onjuku kenmotsu shojo (literary remains of Warring States period) (Sengoku Ibun (ancient writings in Sengoku period), No.2638), pneumonia, stomach cancer or esophageal cancer (stated in 'Koyo Gunkan').
- 高橋慎一朗は、この事件における時村の立場を、霜月騒動と同様の「得宗政権を支える二者の対立に起因する」も、「嘉元の乱は霜月騒動の縮小再生産だった」としている。
- Shinichiro TAKAHASHI says that Tokimura's position in this incident was forced to take 'due to confrontation between two persons supporting the Tokuso family-based government' as in the Shimotsuki incident (November disturbance), and that 'Kagen War was reproduction on a diminished scale of the Shimotsuki incident.'
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると各地の所領を武家に横領されたため、経済基盤を確保するために柳原資綱・柳原量光・柳原資定の3代に渡って、所領のある因幡国に下向した。
- During Japan's Sengoku (Warring States) period, some of the family's territories in various locations were confiscated by samurai families; in order to maintain a financial base, therefore, the family moved to Inaba Province, where it had held territory over three generations, from Suketsuna YANAGIWARA to Kazumitsu YANAGIWARA and Sukesada YANAGIWARA.
- これにより将門は護と対立を強め、また護と姻戚関係である伯父平国香らが護側の味方であった為、元々因縁があったらしい伯父らと更に深く対立する事となってしまった。
- For this reason, the conflict between Masakado and Mamoru became more serious and so did the one between Maki and his uncle, TAIRA no Kunika, who Maki were not on good terms with and who was in favor of Mamoru's side with a matrimonial relation with Mamoru.
- 多くの武将が討ち取られたことについては、大輪田の泊に最も近い鵯越口が最初に陥落したために生田・一ノ谷にいた将兵が逃げ遅れたことが原因ではないかと推測している。
- As for the reason why so many military commanders were killed, Kazunori HISHINUMA assumes that the Minamoto clan first took Hiyodorigoe, which was the closest fortress to Owada no Tomari, and therefore, the military commanders who were at Ichinotani and Ikuta, failed to escape.
- 延暦寺の支配下に置かれて浄土真宗の活動を禁じられていた本願寺では蓮如が救済活動の傍ら延暦寺からの独立を図ってその怒りを招き、いわゆる寛正の法難の原因となった。
- At the Hongan-ji Temple that was put under control of the Enryaku-ji Temple and was prohibited to conduct any Jodo Shin Sect-related activities, Rennyo tried to regain the temple's independence from the Enryaku-ji Temple while engaging himself in rescue efforts, but was met with anger, which triggered the so-called religious persecution in the Kansei Era.
- 因みに、文部省(現在の文部科学省)が編集した『小学唱歌集 初編』(明治21年(1881年)発行)に掲載されている歌詞は、現在のものよりも長く、2番も存在する。
- By the way, words in 'Shogaku Shokashu Shohen (Collection of songs for elementary school, First Version)' (issued in 1881) edited by the Ministry of Education (current Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is longer than the current one and it has the second verse.
- これらの軍事支出と皇帝万暦帝の奢侈は明の財政を悪化させ、17世紀前半の女真の強大化に耐え切れないほどの、明の急速な弱体化の重要な原因となったと考えられている。
- Such military expenditure and extravagance by the emperor, Banreki, worsened the financial conditions of Ming and it is considered to be a serious cause of rapid weakening of Ming that could not bear growth of Jurchen during the first half of the seventeenth century.
- 嘉禎元年(1235年)、京都において平経高(『平戸記』著者)邸に「千葉介某の手の者」が乱入した(原因は経高の子平経氏と千葉氏家臣の間の女性問題であるという)。
- In 1235, 'a man who worked for the Chiba no suke office' broke into the residence of TAIRA no Tsunetaka (the author of 'Heikoki' [Diary of TAIRA no Tsunetaka]) in Kyoto (the cause is considered to be the discord between Tsunetaka's son TAIRA no Tsuneuji and a vassal of the CHIBA clan over a woman).
- 高師直の讒言の原因については、師直が塩冶高貞の妻に恋心を抱き、恋文を吉田兼好に書かせて彼女に送ったが拒絶され逆上したためとも言われているが、真相は不明である。
- The cause for the false charge claimed by KO no Moronao is rumored to be that Moronao had feelings for the wife of Takasada ENYA and made Kenko YOSHIDA write and send love letters to her but became angry in the face of rejection, but the truth remains unclear.
- そのため基次の戦死の責任は信繁だけにあるとは言えないが、真田勢の行軍の遅れが後藤勢壊滅の一因であるとも、また基次の心情を察し敢えて救援を遅らせたとも言われる。
- Therefore, Mototsugu's death can't be attributed to Nobushige alone, but it is said that the delayed arrival of the Sanada army was one factor in the annihilation of Goto's army or that he deliberately delayed the reinforcement army, understanding Mototsugu's feelings.
- 永禄12年(1569年)の後北条氏の武蔵国滝山城攻め、相模国小田原城攻めに起因する三増峠の戦い、元亀元年(1570年)の駿河国平定戦等においても武功を挙げた。
- He accomplished military exploits in the Siege of Takiyama-jo Castle in Musashi Province by the Gohojo clan in 1569, in the Battle of Minasetoge stemming from the Siege of Odawara-jo Castle in Sagami Province, and in the battle for the suppression of Suruga Province in 1570.
- また、足利政権から正式に守護に選ばれたのは、一族で和義が最初であったが、在国一年程度では国人の被官化には繋がらずそれが、勢力を急速に落とした要因にも成っている。
- Kazuyoshi was the first clan member to be appointed as Shugo by the Ashikaga government, but one year service was not long enough to vassalize local lords, which fact partly resulted in his rapid decline.
- しかし、第二次では豊臣方(西軍)と徳川方(東軍)の軍事衝突(関ヶ原合戦)が避けられない状況下で、昌幸と昌幸の二男信繁が豊臣方(西軍)についたことが起因している。
- However, the second battle, under a situation where military conflict (the Battle of Sekigahara) between the Toyotomi side (Western Camp) and Tokugawa side (Eastern Camp) was inevitable, stems from the fact that Masayuki and his second son Nobushige sided with Toyotomi side (Western Camp).
- 日本では仁徳天皇陵など皇室の墓所と比定されている多くの古墳は現在宮内庁の管理下にあり発掘調査許可がなかなか下りない事が考古学研究が遅れる要因の一つとなっている。
- In Japan a lot of kofun including the Emperor Nintoku Mausoleum which are considered as graveyards of the Imperial Family are under control of the Imperial Household Agency; thus, excavation and research are not easily permitted, and this is one of the reasons for delayed archaeological study.
- 特に治承3年のものは平氏政権の主財源であった宋銭の使用禁止が後白河法皇の意向で提議された事から同年の平清盛による治承三年の政変の原因の一つになったとされている。
- It is considered that the regulation in 1179 among others was one of the causes of the Coup of the Third Year of Jisho staged by TAIRA no Kiyomori because banning the use of Sung money, the main source of the Taira clan government's revenue, was proposed by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's wishes in the same year.
- 地租改正による農民一揆と並び、神風連の乱や西南戦争(1877年)など明治初期の士族反乱は、秩禄処分により収入が激減した士族階級の不平が原因であった考えられている。
- Like peasant uprising caused by the land-tax reform, revolts by former samurai warriors, such as Shimpuren-no-ran War (turmoil of Shimpuren, a dissatisfied warrior group) and the Seinan War (1877), were led by former warriors who suffered from drastic reduction of their income caused by Chitsuroku-shobun.
- 義政は弟の義尋を還俗させて(足利義視)将軍を譲ろうと考えたが、正室日野富子に足利義尚が誕生したため、両者の間で継承を争うことになり、応仁の乱の原因の一つとなった。
- Yoshimasa considered making his younger brother Gijin return to secular life (his secular name was Yoshimi ASHIKAGA) and transferring shogun to him, but Yoshimasa's lawful wife Tomiko HINO gave birth to Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, and they conflicted with each other about succession, causing the Onin War.
- 軽々に思想と経済の間の因果関係を結論づけることはできないが、陽明学における人欲の肯定が、発展著しい商業経済にとって非常にタイムリーな思想であったことは間違いない。
- It might be superficial to conclude that there is a relationship between ideology and the economy, but the approval of desire in Yomei-^gaku at a time the commercial economy was rapidly developing was, undoubtedly, an extremely timely ideology.
- また唐の文化や国力、首都長安の偉容や繁栄などを報告したことが、藤原京と長安との差がかけ離れていることを自覚することとなって、遷都を決めた要因となったと考えられる。
- Also, his reporting on culture, power of the nation and the dignity and prosperity of the capital, Changan, of Tang made the government conscious of the large difference between Fujiwarakyo and Changan, which resulted in the decision to transfer the capital.
- さらに朝鮮側が日本との国交樹立に消極的である原因について、過去の豊臣秀吉の文禄・慶長の役の経緯や、かつて対馬藩が朝鮮側を恐喝し米穀をせしめていたことなどを挙げた。
- He also mentioned that Joseon was reluctant to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, partly because Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI invaded Joseon twice during the Bunroku and the Keicho eras, and partly because the Tsushima clan intimidated Joseon into giving them rice and grain.
- 同時に彼は日本統治そのものについては朴正煕政権との類似性などをあげ、軍事独裁の一形態であり、韓国の資本家に独裁政権への依存体質をもたらす原因になったとも述べている。
- At the same time, he pointed out the similarity of the Japanese rule to Chung-hee PARK's government, and said it was one form of military dictatorship, and caused Korean capitalists' dependence on dictatorship.
- 表向きは健康上の問題によるとされたが、山縣有朋が「事件は社会主義者に対する融和の結果発生した。これは西園寺内閣の失策である」と奏上したのが直接の原因といわれている。
- The official reason of the resignation was Saionji's failing health, but it is said that the direct cause of the resignation was Arimoto YAMAGATA's report to the Emperor that said 'The incident occurred as a result of a move to reconcile with socialists by the Saionji's cabinet, so it was a blunder by the cabinet.'
- しかし、嵯峨朝以降式家は徐々に北家に圧倒されていくが、その一因として、良継の一人息子である藤原託美の事故死による、平城・嵯峨両天皇の外戚である良継系の断絶があった。
- However, Fujiwara Shikike gradually went under and was overwhelmed by Fujiwara Hokke after the era of Emperor Saga, partly due to the extinction of the Yoshitsugu family (maternal relatives to Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga) caused by the death of FUJIWARA no Takumi, the only son of Yoshitsugu.
- こうした環境は、当時、長子による家督権継承が完全に確立されていなかったことも相まって、しばしば将軍家・守護大名家に後継者争いや「お家騒動」を発生させる原因になった。
- This circumstance, coupled with the still incomplete establishment of the system of family headship inheritance by the eldest son, often gave rise to rivalry for heirship or other 'oie sodo' (family feuds) in the families of the Shogun and shugo daimyos.
- これらの原因は、俘囚らによる処遇改善要求であったと考えられているが、こうした事態に頭を悩ませた朝廷は、897年(寛平9)、移配俘囚を奥羽へ送還する政策を打ち出した。
- It is thought that these rebellions occurred as outcries for improvement of how to treat the Fushu, but the Imperial Court, which did not know how to handle the situation, announced its policy of sending emigrated Fushu back to Ou (Mutsu Province and Dewa Province) in 897.
- 明保野亭事件(あけぼのていじけん)は、幕末の京都において発生した、長州系浪士捕縛活動においての誤報に起因する土佐藩士傷害・切腹と、それに伴う会津藩士自刃事件である。
- Akebonotei Jiken, which occurred in Kyoto at the end of the Edo period, was an incident where a retainer of the Tosa clan was wounded and committed suicide, together with a retainer of the Aizu clan who also committed suicide with his own sword, which resulted from mis-information during an operation to arrest masterless samurai from the Choshu clan.
- 城将の鳥居元忠とその兵達が予想外の奮戦を見せ、また包囲軍の内部にも三成らに強制的に西軍として与させられた者がおり、戦意が上がらなったなどの要因があったためとされる。
- The reasons for this include the facts that Mototada TORII, the commander-in-chief, and his troop fought back unexpectedly against the attacking force and that the besieging army had some soldiers who had been forced to join the western army by Mitsunari and some other people and thus had little will to fight.
- 醍醐天皇陵の管理が醍醐寺に委ねられて以後、寺院内に造営された陵墓の管理は所領を与える条件で各寺院に任されることになり、陵墓管理が国家の手から離れていく要因となった。
- After the management of Emperor Daigo's mausoleum was left in the hands of Daigo-ji Temple, graves built on temple grounds came to be managed by temples in exchange for territories awarded by the government, causing the management of graves to leave the hands of the government.
- 天保の改革で水野忠邦は株仲間による流通の独占がインフレーションの原因であるとして、1841年-1842年に掛け、冥加金の上納を停止させ、株仲間の大半の解散を命じた。
- In the Tenpo Reforms, Tadakuni MIZUNO ordered to stop the payment of render from 1841 through 1842 and dissolve most kabunakama, saying that the monopoly of the distribution system by kabunakama was the cause of inflation.
- 飛散量の増加の原因は、戦後、建材および治水・治山の目的で全国に広くスギが植林され、それらが1960年代後半より花粉生産力の強い樹齢30年程度に達し始めたためである。
- The reason for the increase in airborne pollen levels is the widespread Japanese cedar afforestation that took place throughout Japan after the Second World War in order to provide building materials as well as for the purposes of flood control and forest conservation, and it was in the latter half of the 1960s that these trees began to reach the age of 30 years when they have the greatest pollen producing capacity.
- 寛永3年(1630年)に2世名人中村道碩が死去した後、後継者を決めるため、正保2年(1645年)から本因坊算悦との間での争碁として互先による六番碁を御城碁にて行う。
- In 1630, after the second meijin Doseki NAKAMURA died, in order to determine the successor, Sanchi played with Sanetsu HONINBO rokubango (six-game go match) as oshirogo (game played in the presence of the shogun in the castle during the Edo period) from 1645.
- 平氏敗北の要因について、後白河法皇が平氏へ講和の提案を行い、大幅に武装解除させる一方で、鎌倉政権軍と連携して対平氏攻撃を着々と準備した計略であるという説が有力である。
- As for the primary factor for the defeat of the Taira clan, historians and experts are strongly supportive in the theory that Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa strategicly proposed a peace negotiation with the Taira clan, to significantly relax the guard of the militarily defenses for the Taira clan's army while cooperating with the Kamakura Government army that was preparing for the pending attack upon the Taira clan.
- そのことも渡来人説を生み出す要因となっているが、水谷千秋は「蘇我氏渡来人説」が広く受け入れられた背景を蘇我氏を逆賊とする史観と適合していたからではないかと述べている。
- Their exotic names are one of the factors that gave cause to 'the theory of the migrant origins of the Soga clan'; but, as Chiaki MIZUTANI explains, the theory's wide appeal was also underlined by its conformity to historical perception of the Soga clans anti-establishment alignment.
- 特に男装の女児である「若君」が宰相中将に素性を知られ身を許してしまうシーンは、本作品のクライマックスの一つでもあり、本作品が「退廃的」と批評される一因ともなっている。
- The scene in which Saisho no Chujo reveals the truth about a lady in the male clothes, or 'young prince,' and has a relationship with her is one of the climactics in this work, but it's also one of the reasons why this work is considered 'decadent.'
- また、こうした訴訟体制の不備が日本の開国後に欧米列強から、欧米並みの私権の法的保護を受けられないとする証拠とされ、治外法権などの不平等条約を押し付けられる一因となった
- This deficiency in the system for lawsuits was one reason why the Western powers were unable to give Japan legal protection for its private rights equal to those of Western countries after it opened itself up to the rest of the world; consequently, Japan was forced to accept unequal treaties such those granting extraterritorial rights.
- この可耕地の拡大が原因となって、各地で土地と水に絡む戦いが頻発したものと考えられ、中でも北部九州における受傷人骨の多さは、こうした争いが頻発した証拠と考えられている。
- This expansion in cultivation areas caused many battles over land and water in various regions, especially the number of human bones with trauma found in northern Kyushu provide the evidence of the frequent occurrence of battles.
- これは大都市を流れる河川としては勾配が急であることに加え、平安京造営時に北山の木が伐採されたこと、市街地の東への拡大にともない河原が市街地化したことなどが原因である。
- This problem arises because the Kamogawa River has a steep gradient for a river running through a big city, trees of Mt. Kitayama were logged to build Heian-kyo, and the riverside has become a part of the urban area with the eastward expansion of the area.
- 下京区の流域の一部では、堆積していた有害物質が雨水によって溶け出しても下流まで押し流すまでに至らず、さらに堆積していき、悪臭や水質汚濁の原因になっているところもある。
- In parts of the watershed section in Shimogyo Ward, while rain water dissolves accumulated harmful substances, it is not sufficient enough to move those substances downstream, causing foul odors and water pollution in some areas.
- 現在に至る過去数十年間、中国での砂漠化の主な原因は、伐採、放牧、農耕、水利用の失敗などの人為的なものに加えて、自然な気候変動による乾燥化が重なったことだとされている。
- It is considered that the major factors contributing to desertification in the last several tens of years in China were the dry climate due to climate changes in addition to artificial factors, such as policy failures in cutting trees, pasturing, farming and water usage.
- 原因は諸将が下馬拝跪する中、成田長泰のみが馬上から会釈をしたためであったが、成田氏は藤原氏の流れをくむ名家で、武家棟梁の源義家にも馬上から会釈を許された家柄であった。
- The reasons were attributed to Nagayasu NARITA bowing without dismounting from a horse while warlords usually bowed after dismounting from a horse, the Narita clan descended from the Fujiwara clan, a family lineage which was given permission to bow without dismounting to the likes of, MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, the head of the samurai (warrior) families.
- 朝廷の天皇問題の頃から過労が原因で倒れていた泰時は、赤痢を併発させて体調が悪化したため、出家して観阿と号し、1ヶ月半後の仁治3年(1242年) 6月15日に死去した。
- Yasutoki, who had been sick with excessive fatigue since the occurrence of the dispute of imperial enthronement, became more sick due to dysentery accompaning the fatigue; subsequently, he became a Buddhist priest and had the priestly name Kana; he died one-and-a-half months later on July 21, 1242.
- いずれにせよこれは、義忠と伊勢平氏一族の繋がりを暗示する記述であり、後世治承・寿永の乱において、義忠の子孫の一部が平家方に与したことの遠因の一つとして考えられている。
- In any case, these relationships indicate the connection between Yoshitada and the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), and it is these relationships that are considered to be one of the remote causes for some of Yoshitada's descendants to side with the Taira family during the Jisho-Juei War later on.
- なお、徳富蘇峰は「(西園寺は)仏(桂)を頼んで地獄(総辞職)に落ちた」と評し(『大正政局史論』)、西園寺の度を越えた「盟友」桂への依存が政権崩壊の真の原因と評している。
- Soho TOKUTOMI attributed the true failure of the cabinet to Saionji's excessive dependence on Katsura, his 'sworn friend'; Soho criticized the cabinet by saying, '(SAIONJI) depended on Buddha (KATSURA) and went down to the hell (resign en masse).' (Taisho seikyoku shiron [A Political History of the Taisho Era])
- そのうち片岡高房(槍)、富森正因(槍)、武林隆重(槍)、奥田重盛(太刀)、矢田助武(槍)、勝田武堯(槍)、吉田兼貞、岡島常樹、小野寺秀富の9士で吉良邸内へ突入している。
- There were nine members who broke into Kira's property; Takafusa KATAOKA (spear), Masayori TOMINOMORI (spear), Takashige TAKABAYASHI (spear), Shigemori OKUDA (sword), Suketake YADA (spear), Taketaka KATSUTA (spear), Kanesada YOSHIDA, Tsuneki OKAJIMA and Hidetomi ONODERA
- 朕今萬機ヲ親裁シ億兆ヲ綏撫ス江戸ハ東國第一ノ大鎭四方輻湊ノ地宜シク親臨以テ其政ヲ視ルヘシ因テ自今江戸ヲ稱シテ東京トセン是朕ノ海内一家東西同視スル所以ナリ衆庶此意ヲ體セヨ
- ' Edo is the biggest city in eastern Japan and the Emperor decides that Edo is renamed Tokyo '.
- 巻名は「大空をかよふまぼろし夢にだに見えこぬ魂(たま)の行く方たづねよ」(大空を自由に行き交う幻術士よ。夢にさえ姿の見えないあの人の魂の行方を捜し出しておくれ)に因む。
- The title of this chapter came from the poem, 'I want to ask the wizard traveling through the skies where the spirit is. I cannot see it even in my dreams.'
- 鳥羽法皇の旧臣たちは、この悲劇を思い、とりわけ崇徳が讃岐に流されたことについて、玄宗皇帝などと重ね合わせて、いかに帝でもあっても因果から離れることはできないと嘆息する。
- The old retainers of the Cloistered Emperor Toba grieve at this tragedy, particularly of Sutoku's exile to Sanuki, and lament that even the Emperor can't escape from karma, identifying him with Emperor Hsuan Tsung/Xuan Zong.
- 足利将軍家や畠山氏、斯波氏の家督争いなどから発展した「応仁の乱」を中心に、その原因と洛中の合戦の様子や東軍細川勝元と西軍山名持豊(宗全)の死までが記されている軍記物語。
- It is a war chronicle focusing on the Onin War that developed out of inheritance disputes within the Ashikaga Shogunal family, the Hatakeyama clan, and the Shiba clan, recounting everything from its origins, through all the battles fought in and around the capital, up until the deaths of Katsumoto HOSOKAWA of the eastern forces and Mochitoyo (Sozen) YAMANA of the western forces.
- 巻名は紫の上と秋好中宮が贈答した和歌「花ぞののこてふをさへや下草に秋まつむしはうとく見るらむ」及び「こてふにもさそはれなまし心にありて八重山吹をへだてざれせば」に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poems, 'a cricket under the grass waiting for the autumn might feel silly about butterflies in a flower garden' and ' I was longing to be invited by the butterflies, if there were not a yamabuki fence there,' to be exchanged between Lady Murasaki and Empress Akikonomu.
- たとえば教案というキリスト教が原因で発生する事件が、各地で頻発して中国側の地方官を苦悩させるようになり、それは海岸線から遠く離れた任地の地方官といえど例外ではなかった。
- For instance, incidents against Christianity called kyoan (教案) which put local officials in troubles frequently occurred in many places and even officials in remote place from coastline were troubled.
- この儀式は、家族の災いの原因である祖先の霊を呼び寄せ、舞や供物、供銭などでそれをもてなして災いをかけないように頼み、最後に霊を送り届ける一連の過程にそって執り行われる。
- This ceremony carries out the process in the following way; at first, calling the ancestor's spirit that caused the family disaster, then, asking it to stop the torture in exchange of for dance, offerings or money, finally sending it back to its original place.
- 日露戦争における日本の勝利はアジア諸国における国際的緊張関係の緩和要因となり、には東京で中国同盟会が結成されるなど民主主義的自由の獲得を目指した運動が本格化していった。
- Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War brought relaxation of international tensions in Asia, leading to the formation of the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) in Tokyo in 1905 and other movements aspiring to winning democratic freedom.
- その一方で「国王」称号は国内的には天皇をさすため、これに遠慮し次善の策として「大君」を用いたという、もっぱら国内的要因に鑑みての変更にすぎないではないかという論もある。
- On the other hand, there is another opinion as in the following: Since the title of 'King' indicated the emperor domestically, the term of 'Tycoon' was simply used as the second best term hesitating to utilize the term of King, and therefore, the change of the title name was made solely based on a domestic factor.
- 宗桂は、織田信長、豊臣秀吉、徳川家康に仕え、囲碁の本因坊算砂と度々将棋を披露した(このころは将棋と囲碁がどちらもできる者がほとんどで、宗桂と算砂は囲碁でも互角らしい)。
- Sokei was serving Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and was believed to have often had exhibition shogi matches with the go (board game of capturing territory) player Sansa HONINBO (most shogi and go players at that time were able to play both shogi and go, and Sokei and Sansa were said to be equally good in both shogi and go).
- しかし、この活躍も独断専行甚だしく、7回にも及ぶ撤退命令を無視して追撃して得たもので、戦いには勝ったものの損害もまた大きく、高虎や他の重臣たちから疎まれる原因となった。
- However such victory was achieved only by acting on his own authority disobeying the retreat order seven times in pursuit of the fleeing enemy and such puerile victory led Takatora and his vassals to give him a cold shoulder.
- 巻名は、薫と弁の尼が詠み交わした和歌「やどりきと思ひ出でずは 木のもとの旅寝もいかにさびしからまし」「荒れ果つる朽木のもとをやどりきと思ひおきけるほどのかなしさ」に因む。
- The title was taken from the waka poem which Kaoru and Ben no Ama exchanged: 'Yadorikito omoiidezuwa kinomotono tabinemoikani sabishikaramashi' (If I don't remember that I have once stayed, how sleep in journey would make me feel lonely)' and 'Arehaturu kuchikinomotowo yadorikito omoiokikeru hodonokanashisa' (It is sad to consider dilapidated place under rotten wood as place in which once I stayed).
- だが、一方で元寇(日本遠征)の失敗後、元の官吏の中には日本商船に高い関税をかけたり乗員に不当な圧迫をかけたりしたため、日本側も武装してこれに抵抗、初期倭寇の原因となった。
- On the other hand, because some Yuan Dynasty's government officials imposed high tariffs on Japanese merchant ships and put unjustified pressures on Japanese crews after Mongol failed to invade Japan, Japanese armed and rebelled against them; thus, they turned into the early wako (Japanese pirates).
- また、長年続いた礼銭の観念から賄賂に対する罪悪感は希薄な状態が続き、江戸幕府そして明治政府以後に至るまでこうした賄賂や買収を巡る問題が絶えない一因とも考えられるのである。
- It is also possible to suppose that the issues of bribery and corruption kept appearing from the Edo bakufu through and after the Meiji government because people had been accustomed to the concept of the reisen and not felt so guilty for a long time.
- 『平治物語』によれば、平治元年(1159年)に勃発した平治の乱に際しては、甥に当たる藤原信頼に与同して軍事行動を起こした弟の惟方を叱責し、その離反の遠因を作ったとされる。
- According to 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji), at the time of the Heiji War which happened in 1159, he scolded his brother Korekata who joined the war following his nephew FUJIWARA no Nobuyori, which led to the remote cause of his disaffection.
- しかし、後に友景と不仲になり土御門家_(安倍氏)による陰陽道再興を志向したために、陰陽道の権限を巡って阿倍氏系土御門家と賀茂氏系幸徳井家の長期にわたる内紛の原因となった。
- However, as he got into bad terms with Tomokage later and he also tried to recover the status of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) by the hand of the Tsuchimikado clan (the Abe clan), it caused a long conflict between the Abe clan line Tsuchimikado family and the Kamo clan line Kotokui family over authenticity in Onmyodo.
- 享和2年(1802年)ふたたび水害などに起因する米価の高騰により、幕府は酒造米の十分の一を供出させ、不作や飢饉のときのための備蓄米として取っておこうという政策を打ち出した。
- Following the sharp increase in rice prices due to floods and other reasons, the bakufu set up a policy that required people to contribute one-tenth of rice for sake brewing to be stockpiled in case of a poor harvest and famine in 1802.
- 和泉式部の激情がほとばしる恋歌から、赤染衛門の細やかな思い遣りの贈答歌、能因・良暹ら僧侶歌人の旅情豊かな歌、曾禰好忠の大胆な型破りの歌まで、その作者・作風ともに多様である。
- The poets and styles of poetry are diverse: Izumi Shikibu wrote love poems in which she expressed her passion; Akazome Emon composed delicate zotoka (poetry exchanged between a man and a woman); poems appealing to travelers' sentiments were composed by priest poets such as Noin and Ryozen; and SONE no Yoshitada made bold and unconventional poems.
- ここで注意しなくてはならないことは、清和源氏が武家の棟梁という地位を得たのは、その武勇によってというよりも、摂関家への奉仕という中央貴族の内部事情に起因するという点である。
- It should be noted here that Seiwa-Genji became the leader of samurai families not because of their bravery but because of internal affairs of central aristocrats such as contributions to the regent family.
- しかし、その後裔氏族は美濃のみならず、常陸国・甲斐国・三河国・伊勢国・近江国・山城国・河内国・大和国・但馬国・播磨国・丹波国・吉備国・若狭国・因幡国など広汎に分布している。
- Besides the Mino province, his descendants expanded upon their territories into many different places such as Hitachi Province, Kai Province, Mikawa Province, Ise Province, Omi Province, Yamashiro Province, Kawachi Province, Yamato Province, Tajima Province, Harima Province, Tanba Province, Kibi Province, Wakasa Province and Inaba Province.
- 尊氏が一時形勢不利で九州へ西下している間は新田義貞の勢力を赤穂郡の白旗城で釘付けにして、延元元/建武 (日本)3年(1336年)の湊川の戦いが尊氏を勝利に導く遠因を作った。
- While Takauji withdrew westward to Kyushu on the backfoot, the clan blocked the force of Yoshisada NITTA at Shirahata-jo Castle in Ako County, and in the Battle of Minato-gawa River in 1336, its performance became an underlying cause to Takauji's victory.
- それが原因であるのか、『相馬系図』では新皇将門によって上野介に任ぜられているが、『将門記』などの書物では上野国は上野守に任ぜられた多治経明の任国となっていて将平の名はない。
- Probably because of this, he is appointed as Assistant Governor of Kozuke Province by New Emperor Masakado in 'Soma Keizu,' but in other documents such as 'Shomon ki' (The Chronicle of Masakado) TAJI no Tsuneakira is appointed as Assistant Governor of Kozuke Province, not Masahira.
- 原因は心身のストレスであり、宮内庁は「将来にわたる皇統の問題を始め、皇室にかかわるもろもろの問題を憂慮されている」と述べ、ストレスの中心に皇位継承問題があるとの考えを示した。
- The Imperial Household Agency expressed its view that mental and physical stress is the root of these disorders, mainly coming from the anxiety over the issue related to the succession to the Imperial Throne, saying 'The Emperor is concerned about various problems related to the Imperial household including the issue over the succession to the Imperial Throne.'
- また、新政の挫折の一因にはこの廉子と護良親王による政権内抗争があるとして、「雌鳥が鳴いて夜明けを報せると一家が滅ぶ」という中国の諺を引き合いに出し、批判的な叙述を行っている。
- One of the reasons for the collapse of the new government is said to be the political dispute between Yasuko and Imperial Prince Moriyoshi, and there is a statement quoted from the Chinese Proverb 'When a female bird cries at sunrise, a family falls.'
- 巻名は作中で光源氏と空蝉 (源氏物語)が交わした和歌「帚木の心をしらでその原の道にあやなくまどひぬるかな」及び「数ならぬ伏屋に生ふる名のうさにあるにもあらず消ゆる帚木」に因む。
- The title of this chapter came from the waka poems exchanged between Hikaru Genji and Utsusemi: 'I did not know the deceptive ways of the broom tree, so I wander aimlessly in the Sonohara moorlands.' and 'Born in a humble home and crushed by a name, I might like the broom tree vanishing away'
- 特に欧米の事情に通じた人材となると、自然と幕末に留学をした旧幕臣が占める割合が高くなってしまい、特に旧幕臣の一掃こそが改革の早道と考える大久保利通らの反感を強める原因となった。
- Especially, since most personnel who knew well about Europe and America were naturally those who had studied abroad and they were former retainers of shogun, this caused strong antipathy from Toshimichi Okubo who thought the fastest way of reformation was to wipe out old retainers of shogun.
- また、戦争による民衆の生活苦から血の日曜日事件 (1905年)やポチョムキン=タヴリーチェスキー公 (戦艦)の叛乱等より始まるロシア第一革命が誘発され、ロシア革命の原因となる。
- The popular resentment over the hardships endured by the populace during the war manifest itself in the First Russian Revolution, which began with the Bloody Sunday Incident (1905) and the mutiny on the Knyaz' Potemkin-Tavricheskiy (battleship), setting the stage for the Russian Revolution.
- また、二毛作の普及などを通じた経済力の伸張を受け、これまでより百姓の一箇所定住の傾向が強まり、百姓たちが連携して地頭や預所への年貢を未進しだしたことが原因とする説も有力である。
- There also is a weighty view asserting that the cause was the fact that the cases where peasants, who strengthened their economic power thanks to the spread of a two-crop system etc. and began to settle at one place, jointly refused to pay nengu to jito or azukedokoro (a deputy of the lord of shoen) increased.
- 延暦3年(784年)に伊福部富成が編纂した同氏の系譜である『因幡国伊福部臣古志』によれば、父伊福部久遅良(くぢら)と母熊媛(くまひめ)との間の子で、同氏の26代目当主にあたる。
- According to 'Inaba no Kuni Ifukube no Omi Koshi,' the genealogy of Ifukube clan compiled by Ifukube no Tomishige in 784, Ifukube no tsumuji is the child between his father, Ifukube no kujira and his mother, Kumahime, and he is the twenty sixth generation of the Ifukube clan.
- この配置は、仏教の影響を受けた三尊仏的構成とも考えられ、あるいは閻立本の絵に伝わる『歴代帝王島圏 歴代帝王図巻』に見られる、その頃の構図法に起因したものと解釈されることがある。
- This layout is also thought to be a construct of Sansonbutsu (three Buddhist deities) affected by Buddhism, or often interpreted as a construct originated from a composition technique of the time, which is found in '歴代帝王島圏 the Rekidai Teio Zumaki' (The Thirteen Emperors Scroll) of Yan Liben (a Chinese painter and government official of the early Tang Dynasty).
- 信玄との生涯にわたる因縁からか、それが転じて二人の間には友情めいたものがあったのではないかと現在でも推測されることがあるが、実際のところ謙信は信玄をかなり嫌っていたようである。
- Even today there is a speculation that a lifelong fate with Shingen may have changed to a kind of friendship between Kenshin and Shingen, but the fact is that Kenshin seemed to hate Shingen.
- 赤穂藩改易騒ぎのどさくさで岡島常樹の部下の小役人たちが金銀を盗んで逃げだした事件を捉えて、大野が「岡島も一味に違いない」と吹聴し、岡島が激高したのが直接の原因だったともいわれる。
- It is thought that it was because Ono made Okajima very angry when he found out that Tsuneki OKAJIMA's retainers stole money under this confusion happening in Ako and questioned Okajima thinking 'he must have been a part of this crime.'
- なお、当時の大坂町奉行阿部正蔵は幕府に対して「諸藩の専売制」「一部商人の不正取引」「抜売買の横行(正規外の流通ルート)」を諸色高直の原因として対策を上申したが、採用されなかった。
- Shozo ABE, Osaka machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Osaka) of that time, submitted a countermeasure for shoshiki-kojiki citing 'domains' monopoly,' 'illegal trading by certain merchants' and 'flourishing nukiurikai (抜売買) (the trade outside normal distribution channels)' as a factor of shoshiki-kojiki, however, it was not adopted.
- 清盛は朝廷の内紛に起因する保元の乱と平治の乱で、武功を挙げ政権を獲得したが、平氏政権は平家一門で朝廷の官位を占め、清盛自身は天皇の外戚となるなど、従来の摂関政治と大差は無かった。
- Kiyomori gained political power as a result of his military exploits in the Hogen Revolt and the Heiji Revolt, both of which arose as a result of internal conflicts in the Imperial Court; however, the Taira government was not very different from a traditional regency, as can be seen by the fact that the Taira clan occupied most of the official ranks of the Imperial Court, and Kiyomori himself became a maternal relative of the Emperor.
- 後世義経の軍功として伝えられることとなった原因としては、戦後に京で義経自身が搦手軍の総大将として一ノ谷合戦の経過を語っていることや、行綱のその後の追放・没落などが挙げられている。
- The reasons why the story was handed down as the Yoshitsune's exploit include that a historical material was found in Kyoto in which Yoshitsune himself described the progress of the Battle of Ichinotani as a supreme commander of backdoor troops after the battle, and that Yukitsuna was later banished and ruined.
- この原因には一ノ谷の戦い以降、義経と深く手を結んでいたであろうことや、清和源氏の嫡流を自認した頼朝が先祖・源満仲以来の本拠地である多田荘を欲したことなどがあったと考えられている。
- This is considered because Yoshitsuna may have been in intimate terms with Yoshitsune after the Battle of Ichinotani and because Yoritomo, recognizing himself as a direct descendant of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), wanted to own Tada no sho as the family base since MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, the ancestor.
- 主に都市部において、買占めなどによる物価高騰の原因とされた者に対して行われることが多いが、一揆に伴って、領主の悪政と結びついたとされた特権商人や村役人に対して行われることもあった。
- People who were considered to cause the price increase by buying up goods were often attacked by Uchikowashi mainly in urban areas, but with uprisings, sometimes privilege merchants and village officers who were considered to link to maladministration of their feudal lord were also attacked.
- また、能因本は江戸時代初期(寛永年間)の古活字版に底本として利用されたため、『枕草子傍注』や『枕草子春曙抄』(北村季吟註)といった注釈書とセットになって近代まで伝本の主流を占めた。
- Additionally, Noinbon was used as a master copy in making the old plate of type in the early Edo period; therefore, it remained a dominant manuscript along with 'The Pillow Book Bochu (marginal notes)' and 'Shunsho-sho Commentary of The Pillow Book' (annotated by Kigin KITAMURA) until modern times.
- 義視出奔の原因は、武衛騒動で追放されていた宿敵伊勢貞親が幕府に復権したことが一因とされるが、このころ義政や後見人の勝元が自らの廃嫡と義尚の将軍職就任に傾いたことが主な原因であろう。
- Yoshimi's escape is partly attributed to the reinstatement of his archenemy Sadachika ISE, who had been expelled as a consequence of Buei sodo, in the Bakufu, but the main reason seems to be that Yoshimasa and guardian Katsumoto had inclined by then to favor the disinheritance of Yoshimi and the appointment of Yoshihisa as Shogun.
- その後も修史事業は試みられ「新国史」なるものが存在したと伝聞されるが、若干残った逸文から見ると完成奏上に至らなかったとする見解が主流であり、原因としては律令政治の衰退があげられる。
- There were other attempts to compile national histories following Rikkokushi and it is rumored that there was a 'Shinkokushi' (New National History), but the few remaining rare texts have led to the prevailing opinion that they were never completed and reported to the emperor, with the decline of government according to the Ritsuryo codes given as a reason for this.
- 富子は義政の兄弟の足利義視の次期将軍が決まったいたが実子足利義尚の将軍就任を望み実家の日野家も応援し、足利将軍家の家督相続争いが畠山氏や斯波氏の争いと連動して応仁の乱の一因となる。
- Although it was decided that Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, Yoshimasa's brother, would become the next shogun, Tomiko hoped that her biological child Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA would take the position of shogun; moreover, the Hino Family, Tomiko's parents' home, also backed Yoshihisa, and the battle of the succession to (the headship of) the house in the House of Ashikaga shogunate, coupled with the conflict between the Hatakeyama clan and the Shiba clan, became a cause of the Onin War.
- 丹波国は細川頼元、丹後国は一色満範、美作国は赤松義則、和泉国・紀伊国は大内義弘、但馬国は山名時熙、因幡国は山名氏家、伯耆国は山名氏幸、隠岐国・出雲国は京極高詮にそれぞれ与えられた。
- Tamba Province was given to Yorimoto HOSOKAWA, Tango Province was given to Mitsunori ISSHIKI, Mimasaka Province was given to Yoshinori AKAMATSU, Izumi and Kii Provinces were given to Yoshihiro OUCHI, Tajima Province was given to Tokihiro YAMANA, Inaba Province was given to Ujiie YAMANA, Hoki Province was given to Ujiyuki YAMANA, and Oki and Izumo Provinces were given to Takanori KYOGOKU.
- なお、彼の死因は病死と言われているが、頼嗣失脚の報を聞いてそのまま卒倒して死去したとする説や、隠然たる影響力を持つ道家の存在を苦々しく思った幕府によって殺されたとする暗殺説もある。
- The cause of his death was said to be illness, but there are theories that say he fainted when he heard the news of the dismissal of Yoritsugu and died, as well as stories which say that Michiie was assassinated by the bakufu since he secretly possessed had a strong influence.
- この点が、当時書かれた数量に対して現存作品の少ないジャンルであるにも関らず、人々へ強い印象を残し、当時、数多く作られた物語の中で本作品を現在まで命脈を保たせる原因となったのであろう。
- At this point, the work has left a strong impression on people, and therefore survived among the many stories that had been written in those days, even though the story belongs to a genre that hasn't survived well.
- このような変遷をたどった要因として、漢籍の知識の増加など、いくつもの要因が考えられるが、最大のものは、歌が「歌われるもの」から「書くもの」へと動いていったということが考えられている。
- There can be many factors in these changes; for example, increasing knowledge on Chinese classic books, but it is thought that the main factor is that poetry turned from the things to be sung into the things to be written.
- が、前項で記されている長岡京での騒動が原因のひとつとして、再び遷都された理由により、新京では悪いことが起こらず「平安」(訓読みは「たいら」)であって欲しいという意味が込められている。
- However, since the turmoil of the Nagaoka-Kyo, previously mentioned, was one of reasons for relocation, they wished the name to have 'Heian' (Kun-yomi 'Taira') (peace and tranquility) to avoid the new capital having any bad luck.
- 荒田の発生原因には様々な原因があるが、大きく分けると地味の乏しさなど土地本来の条件による場合と洪水による荒廃(「河成(かわなり)」)などの自然災害に由来するものに分けることが出来る。
- The reasons for Koden were various and can be largely divided into cases due to physical aspects of the property itself, such as poor soil, and cases due to natural disasters such as flooding (Kawanari).
- 伊福吉部徳足比売(いふくべのとこたりひめ/いふきべのとこたりひめ)(生年不詳-和銅元年(708年)7月1日 (旧暦))は、飛鳥時代の因幡国の豪族、伊福部氏(伊福吉部氏)の女性である。
- IFUKUBE no Tokotarihime/IFUKIBE no Tokotarihime (year of birth unknown - July 26, 708) was a female family member of the Ifukube clan, a local ruling family of Inaba Province from the Asuka Period
- 死因について、過度の飲酒とつまみの梅干による塩分の取りすぎによる高血圧が原因の脳血管障害と言われている(雪の中、厠で倒れたと史料にあることも、死因が脳溢血だと考えられる一因である)。
- It has been said that the cause of his death was cerebral vascular disturbance due to hypertension caused by excessive drinking and intake of salt by pickled ume (plum) eaten with sake (a historical material describes that he fell in a toilet in the snow causing cerebral hemorrhage).
- また、朝廷の行動が実際の救済行動に結びついたことで、幕府の朝廷統制によって江戸時代を通じて忘れられかけていた朝廷の存在を民衆に再度思い起こさせる結果となり、尊王論の興隆の一因となった。
- The act by the Imperial Court led to the actual relief reminded the people of the existence of the Imperial Court, which had been almost forgotten throughout the Edo period due to the tight control on the Imperial Court by the bakufu, as a result this incident became one of the causes to rise the sonnoron (imperial loyalism).
- 「むしろ買い換えるべきだ」とすら言われている背景には、「原因が無限に考えられ得るため、特定する手間を考えれば、購入資金分を諦めて別の同等品を新しく買った方が安上がり」という考えがある。
- The background of the case when a user is told to 'just buy a new one' is the idea that 'because the causes of the problem can be infinite, it is actually cheaper to buy a new one rather than spending time to specify the problem, even though the cost of the computer itself is wasted.'
- 彼女は和歌六人党(藤原範永・平棟仲・藤原経衡・源頼実・源頼家(歌人)・源兼長)の歌道の指導的立場にあったばかりでなく、能因法師・和泉式部・源経信などとの交流もそれぞれの家集から伺える。
- She was a kind of leader of waka poetry in the group of six waka poets (FUJIWARA no Norinaga, TAIRA no Munenaka, FUJIWARA no Tsunehira, MINAMOTO no Yorizane, MINAMOTO no Yoriie (poet), and MINAMOTO no Kanenaga), and her personal collection of poetry shows her friendships with the Noin priest Izumi Shikibu, as well as MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu.
- しかしながら、周辺地域の経済は、西国街道、美作・因幡街道などの街道や、加古川、市川 (兵庫県)、揖保川などの船運といった物流経路に依存する形でそれぞれ緩やかな小経済地域を形成していた。
- However, each of the surrounding areas formed a relatively independent economic area, depending on road transportation along the Saigoku-kaido road or the Mimasaka and Inaba-kaido roads, or on water transportation on the Kako-gawa River, the Ichi-kawa River (in Hyogo Prefecture), or the Ibo-gawa River.
- 一方、581年に建国された隋は中国大陸を統一し楊堅・煬帝の治世に4度の大規模な高句麗遠征を行ったもののいずれも失敗し、これが有力な原因となって弱体化、618年に煬帝が殺害されて滅んだ。
- On the other hand, the Sui Dynasty, which was founded in 581, unified mainland China, but their failure to achieve any results even after conducting four large scale expeditions to Kyoguryo during the reign of Yo Ken (Yang Jian) and Yo-dai (Emperor Yang) served as a major cause of its decline and finally its demise when Yo-dai was assassinated in 618.
- しかし、これは太上天皇が天皇の直系尊属ないしそれに準じた立場を有する場合にこそ円滑に機能するものであり、同母兄弟である平城と嵯峨の間ではむしろ政治の混乱と両者の対立抗争の原因となった。
- However, this only functions smoothly when the retired emperor is a direct ancestor or equivalent to the emperor, but it only led to political confusion and conflict between Heizei and Saga because they were half brothers.
- 1578年(天正6年)、美作国の国人領主・草刈氏が因幡国智頭郡に淀山城を構え、勢力を伸ばすと、山名氏はこれを討伐するため、同国佐貫の大義寺に陣を敷き、武田高信に軍議に応ぜよと招聘した。
- In 1578 when the Kusakari clan, a local lord of Mimasaka Province, constructed Yodoyama-jo Castle in Chizu County, Inaba Province, the Yamana clan pitched its camp at Daigi-ji Temple in Sanuki, Inaba Province in order to subjugate it and invited Takanobu TAKEDA to a war council.
- 一説に宗春の活動は京都が中心であることから、因幡に在国する父の名代として中央政界などとの繋がりを築くために活動していたとの指摘があり、父子間で役割分担をしていたのではないかといわれる。
- There is an opinion that Muneharu worked as a Myodai (substitute) of his father, who lived in the Inaba Province, to establish relationship with the central government because Muneharu worked mainly in Kyoto.
- しかし鎌倉時代に成立した『平治物語』諸本においては、常盤と清盛が男女の関係となり一女をもうけたという内容は記されているが、常盤が清盛の意に従う事と子供達の助命の因果関係は記されてない。
- Meanwhile, although there are different versions of 'Heiji Monogatari,' written during the Kamakura period, indicating that Tokiwa and Kiyomori had a sexual relationship, giving birth to a daughter, there is no record that Tokiwa's children were spared their lives because she agreed to become Kiyomori's concubine.
- しかし、明暦4年(1658年)7月9日、妻の叔父に当たる池田長重と些細なことから口論となって長重を斬殺してしまい、自分も長重によって負わされた刀傷が原因で翌日に死去してしまったのである。
- However, on August 7, 1658, Yoshiharu put his wife's uncle, Nagashige IKEDA to the sword as a result of squabbling with Nagashige about a trifle, and on the next day, Yoshiharu himself also died of injury by a sword given by Nagashige.
- この路線対立は、その後の辛亥革命や対米移民問題、第1次世界大戦などで対外硬が度々再燃して、結果的には対外的にはその方向に向かいながらも、「対外硬」という言葉が色褪せる原因となっていった。
- In the confrontation between two groups, the Taigaiko was reactivated due to the Xinhai Revolution, the immigration issue against the United States, or the First World War, and although they were led to the same direction externally, the word of 'Taigaiko' faded away.
- もともとは、因果や道理に違背・違逆して、人間の倫理に反する言動や行為により仏道に違背することであるが、後に仏法を誹謗したことが逆に縁となって、仏法に帰依するような場合も指すようになった。
- The gyaku-en originally meant the act of opposing Buddhism by defying fate and order as well as by making unethical remarks and committing unethical acts; subsequently, however, the word also began to indicate cases where criticizing Buddhism triggered inversely one to become a monk.
- また、天皇親政が行われた治世と評価されたが、摂関不設置は阿衡事件に懲りた宇多天皇が皇族を母とする藤原氏腹でない天皇であったことと、藤原氏藤氏長者時平がまだ若かったことが原因とされている。
- This era was highly regarded due to the direct rule by the emperor, and sekkan were not appointed because Emperor Uda was disgusted with the Ako Incident and was not born from a mother from the Fujiwara family having an imperial mother, and because Tokihira, the head of the Fujiwara family, was still young.
- 惣領を継いだ長男の山名師義は丹後国・伯耆国、次男の山名義理は紀伊国、三男の山名氏冬は因幡国、四男の山名氏清は丹波国・山城国・和泉国、五男の山名時義は美作国・但馬国・備後国の守護となった。
- Moroyoshi YAMANA, the eldest son who succeeded as the heir, the second son Yoshimasa YAMANA, the third son, Ujifuyu YAMANA, the fourth son, Ujikiyo YAMANA and the fifth son, Tokiyoshi YAMANA, respectively became shugo of Tango and Hoki Provinces, Kii Province, Inaba Province, Tamba, Yamashiro and Izumi Provinces, and Mimasaka, Tajima and Bingo Provinces.
- 持久戦の弱さは、豪雪地帯から遠く補給線の貧弱な敵地に向けて長期的な軍事行動を取ることが不可能であり、それゆえに短期的な活動で多大な成果を得なくてはならなかったことが原因であると見られる。
- The vulnerability in the protracted battles resulted because it was difficult to transport military artilleries from snow areas to far off enemy territories with poor line supplies, hence he was forced to participate in short-term activities to achieve greater results.
- そのため西欧では、19世紀後半に両方を指す語としてタオイズム(Tao-ism)の語が造られ、アンリ・マスペロを筆頭とするフランス学派の学者たちを中心に両者の間に因果関係を認める傾向がある。
- Therefore, in Europe in the latter half of the 19th century, the term of Tao-ism was created for indicating both of the religions, and a French academic school, headed by Henry MASPERO, went as far as to point to a causal relationship between the two religions.
- 隆元の没後はその子の毛利輝元(54代)を後見しつつ、1566年、仇敵の尼子氏を滅ぼして、中国地方(安芸・周防国・長門国・備中国・備後国・因幡国・伯耆国・出雲国・隠岐国・石見国)を領有した。
- After Takamoto died, Motonari not only acted as the guardian of his grandson, Terumoto MORI (the 54th), but also possessed the Chugoku region (the provinces of Aki, Suo, Nagato, Bicchu, Bingo, Inaba, Hoki, Izumo, Oki, and Iwami), after destroying the clan's enemy, the Amago clan.
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争を要因とした財政難や国際関係の問題などを理由に拒否した為、上原は軍部大臣現役武官制を利用して西園寺内閣を内閣総辞職へ追い込み、陸軍主導の内閣を成立させようと画策した。
- However, SAIONJI's refusal on grounds of fiscal problems stemming from the Russo-Japanese War and of issues of international relations led to UEHARA driving the Saionji administration to mass resignation by taking advantage of the law requiring that the military-related ministers to be named from among active-duty military officers in order to form an army-led administration.
- 竹越の著作は歴史上における国民または個人の思想動向とその分析の重要性と時期区分とその変化の法則性把握を提唱し、歴史における経済的要因を重視するなど、市民的立場からみた発展的歴史観を示した。
- Takekoshi's literary works advocated the importance of understanding and analyzing the trend of thought formented among the national public and individuals, and finding out a certain principle in the relationship between the classification of each period of history and its change, and thus, he presented a developmental view of history from the standpoint of an ordinary citizen.
- 遺体は3年間の殯(もがり)の後、同3年10月に当時流行し始めていた火葬にされ、その遺骨は故郷因幡国に送られて同年11月13日 (旧暦)に鳥取平野を見下ろす稲葉山 (鳥取)の中腹に葬られた。
- After a three-year funeral period, her corpse was cremated in October 710, as cremation was becoming popular at the time, and the cremains were sent to Inaba Province of her hometown to be buried on the hillside of the Inabayama Mountain (Tottori) overlooking the Tottori Plain.
- 第18世住職、日順上人の父、原宗安(原志摩守)が本能寺の変の際、戦死した自分の父原胤重と兄原清安(原孫八郎)の首と本因坊算砂の指示で信長の首を本門寺まで持ち帰り柊を植え首塚に葬ったという。
- It is said that Muneyasu HARA (Shima no kami (Governor of Shima Province) Hara), the father of the eighteenth chief priest Nichijun brought the heads of his father Taneshige HARA and his older brother Kiyoyasu HARA (Magohachiro HARA) who were killed in the Honnoji Incident and the head of Nobunaga ordered by Sansa HONINBO to the Honmon-ji Temple and planted a holy tree and buried them in Kubi-zuka.
- 生活指導プログラムとして、月3回三のつく日の暮六つ時から五つ時まで石門心学(神道・仏教・儒教を混ぜて仁義忠孝や因果応報などの教訓や逸話をわかりやすく説く)の大家・中沢道二の講義も実施された。
- As part of the lifestyle guidance progrram, on three days a month, namely 3, 13, and 23, from 5 to 8 pm, a lecture was given by Doni NAKAZAWA, an expert on Sekimon Shingaku (giving clear teachings and episodes of humanity, loyalty, and justice by mixing Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism).
- その原点は、幕末の攘夷論や明治初期の征韓論などに求めることも可能であるが、直接的な原因としては、明治政府が条約改正に際して採った欧化政策とそれに対する反発としての国粋主義の高揚が上げられる。
- The origin can be considered the principle of excluding foreigners in the end of the Edo Period or Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) in the early Meiji Period, however, the direct causes were that a policy of Europeanization at the revision of a treaty by the Meiji government and a nationalist fervor against the Europeanization.
- 『保暦間記』によれば、霜月騒動の原因は、宗景が曾祖父の安達景盛が源頼朝の落胤であると称して源氏に改姓したところ、平頼綱が安達氏が謀反を企んで将軍になろうとしている、と讒言したためとしている。
- According to 'Horyakukanki' (A History Book of the 14 century in Japan), the cause of the Shimotsuki Incident was that TAIRA no Yoritsuna gave a slander that the Adachi clan conspired a rebellion to become Shogun, as Munekage changed his name into MINAMOTO, saying that his grand-grandfather, Kagemori ADACHI was an illegitimate child of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 死因については、前述の天河社、また伊勢はともに当時南朝 (日本)の勢力が強かった地であったことから、晩年の彼が南朝側に近かったとし、その結果政治的対立に巻き込まれて暗殺されたとする説もある。
- Another opinion about the cause of his death is that he was involved in a political confrontation and assassinated as Motomasa was close to the side of the Southern Court (Japan) in his latter years because the power of the Southern Court was strong at both of the aforementioned places, Tenkawa Shrine and Ise at the time.
- 明治14年(1881年)、鳥取市の士族などによる「鳥取県再置運動」により因・伯2国を以って鳥取県が再置されたが、依然として島根とのつながりを重視する米子地方の人々は島根県への編入を求めていた。
- In 1881, by 'the movement to request to reconfigure the territory of Tottori prefecture' supported by shizoku (family or person with samurai ancestors) in Tottori city, Tottori Prefecture was reconfigured with Inaba Province and Houki Province, however people lived in Yonago district wished incorporation of the district into Shimane Prefecture because they considered the relationship with people in Shimane Prefecture was important.
- 平成11年(1999年)には広島県立世羅高等学校で卒業式当日に校長が自殺し、君が代斉唱や日章旗掲揚の文部省通達とそれに反対する日教組教職員との板挟みになっていたことが原因ではないかと言われた。
- In 1999, the principal of Hiroshima Prefectural SERA Senior High School committed suicide on the day of the commencement ceremony and it was rumored that the cause of this suicide was the fact that he had been caught in the middle of the instruction by the Ministry of Education chorus reading Kimigayo and raising the Japanese (rising sun) flag and opposing teachers who belonged to Nikkyoso.
- これは神物・仏物であった所領を現在の所有者から没収して強制的に寺社に返還させる一方、僧侶・神官の相続が私物化の原因にあるとして僧侶・神官が職の体系を弟子や子弟に無条件に継承させることを禁じた。
- Those Jisha Kogyo forfeited the shoryo, which should have been the god's belongings or Buddha's belongings, from the current holder and forcefully returned the shoryo to the temples or the shrines; besides, based on the reasoning such that the privatization was caused by the inheritance of the positions of the Buddhist monks and shrine priests, the Jisha Kogyo prohibited the monks and priests to inherit the position to disciples and children at their own discretion.
- 1898年に第2次松方内閣がこの構想を打ち出すと、政府と民党、あるいは地主・農村と商工業者の間で激しい議論を巻き起こすようになり、政党と藩閥の連携などの政界の構図を激変させる原因の1つとなった。
- When the Second Matsukata's cabinet proposed this policy in 1898, heated arguments erupted between the government and Minto or landowners and peasants against commercial and industrial men, which caused a radical change in the composition of the political world such as the cooperative relationships between political parties and domain cliques.
- そのためヤマト(倭国)内の農業開発が停滞し、ヤマト王権とその傘下の豪族達の経済力・政治力が後退したと考えられており、6世紀前半までのヤマト王統の混乱はこの経済力・政治力の後退に起因するとされる。
- For this reason, it is thought that agricultural development in Yamato (Wakoku) remained stagnant, weakening the Yamato Kingdom and the ruling elite under their jurisdiction, a situation that existed until the beginning of the sixth century.
- 1546年10月、伯耆国の南条宗勝を助けて橋津川の戦いで尼子氏と戦った因幡山名氏の重臣として「武田豊前守常信」の名が記録に残るが、武田国信と同一人物だったかは不明(同一人物と見る説も存在する)。
- A record shows the name 'Takeda Buzen no kami Tsunenobu' as a senior vassal of the Inaba-Yamana clan, who had fought against the Amago clan at the Battle of Hashizugawa in an attempt to support Munekatsu NANJO of Hoki Province in October, 1546, but it is unknown whether that person was identical with Kuninobu TAKEDA (other theory sees they were the same person).
- 徳川頼房や、徳川家光から庇護をうけ、はじめ玉峰清因(徳川頼房の娘小良姫)を門主に迎えて開基したこともあり、代々水戸徳川家の子女を門主に迎えていため、「水戸御殿」や「水戸の尼寺」ともいわれたいう。
- The temple, which had been under the aegis of Yorifusa TOKUGAWA and Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, and founded with Gyokuho Seiin (Sarahime, a daughter of Yorifusa TOKUGAWA) in the post of the chief priest, continued to invite daughters from Mito Tokugawa family for the chief priest post, which seemed to be why it called 'Mito Goten Palace' or 'nunnery temple of Mito.'
- 武田家自らが場当たりの利己主義で滅亡の遠因を作ったともされる一方で、景虎が上杉氏を継いだ場合でも将来的に武田領が北条勢力によって南北から挟撃される危険性もあり、選択肢がなかったとする見方もある。
- The Takeda family's haphazard egoism is considered to have brought about the underlying cause of the fall, but on the other hand, some people think that there was no option because even if Kagekatsu succeeded the Uesugi clan, the Takeda territory was in danger of a pincer attack from south and north by the Hojo forces in the future.
- 以後、西欧と同じ「文明国」(=富強国)とならなければ、不平等条約を解消し、「万国公法」の恩典には与れないという考えが広がっていき、西欧列強をモデルとした富国強兵改革が推進される思想的要因となった。
- Later, as spreading of thought that to be a civilized country (equal to a strong country) was necessary to dissolve unequal treaties and reap a benefit of 'Bankoku Koho,' the thought became a factor to promote fukoku kyohei reform (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) aiming powerful western countries.
- 唖の原因として、母・遠智娘が父・倉山田石川麻呂(皇子にとっては祖父)を中大兄皇子に処刑され、悲しみのあまり狂乱した状態で出産したため、遠智娘の精神異常が皇子に影響したのではないか、という説がある。
- There is a theory about the cause of his muteness saying that, the madness of his mother, the prince Ochi no iratsume might have affected, because she gave birth to him in a frenzied state of mind, since her father KURAYAMADA no Ishikawamaro (the prince's grandfather) was executed by Naka no Oe no Oji.
- - 「散切頭(ザンギリあたま)をたたいて見れば文明開化の音がする 総髪頭(そうはつあたま)をたたいて見れば王政復古の音がする 半髪(はんぱつ)頭を叩いてみれば因循姑息(いんじゅんこそく)の音がする」
- Knocking on my head with a short-cut hair (after removing the topknot) we can hear the sound of civilization; knocking on your head with a long and knotted hair, (traditional hair style for young samurai) we would hear the sound of Imperial rules coming back; knocking on the head with a half-shaved hair style, (traditional and common samurai hair style) we would hear the sound of temporizing with old customs.'
- テレビや新聞で「平成天皇」という呼称が用いられないのは、前述したように「追号になるはずの“平成天皇”を存命中に用いるのは不敬」という考えに起因するからだと考える人が、いわゆる保守派を中心にして多い。
- There are many people, particularly among the so-called conservatives, who think that the name of 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) is not used on television or in the newspaper because it arises from the idea that 'it is irreverent to use 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) which should be a posthumous title of the present Emperor during his lifetime' as described above.
- 唯一の根本的治療である減感作療法(治療の項を参照)に関しては、以前より保険での評価が低いことが普及を妨げているひとつの原因と指摘されていながら、これについても医療行政はなんらのてだてを打っていない。
- Regarding the desensitization therapy - the only effective fundamental therapy (refer to 'Treatment'), the health service also hasn't taken any action although its low assessment by the insurance industry has been identified as a factor inhibiting the widespread use of this therapy.
- 当初は民部省に貢進された後で各官司に配分されたが、10世紀に入ると民部省を関与させずに特定の官司に対して特定の国が舂米を直接貢進する形式に替わり、各官司の財政が独立採算制に変わっていく一因となった。
- Originally, it was tithed to the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) and then distributed to the various Kanji (government official), but in the tenth century, the Minbusho did not intervene, but each province directly tithed shomai to a given Kanji and this became one of the factors that led to each Kanji becoming responsible for their individual finances.
- 観世一座が人気を博した原因は、大和猿楽が得意とした物真似芸に、田楽の優美な舞や、南北朝に流行した曲舞(くせまい)の音曲をとりいれた新演出が、当時の観客の心に強い感興をおよばしたことだといわれている。
- The reason the Kanze company won popularity was because the company added new attractions, such as elegant dengaku and Kusemai (fan dance to the sound of taiko drums) that was popular in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to Yamato Sarugaku's specialty, the impersonations, which attracted the hearts of the audience.
- 4歳頃に碁好きの父より碁を学び、来客との対局などで大いに腕を上げ、学業のために父からは碁を禁じられるが秘かに「本因坊丈和著作」などで研鑽して遂に父から許しを得、12、3歳頃には近隣では敵無しとなる。
- He learned Go at about the age of 4 from his father who liked Go, improved his skills by playing Go with visitors; he secretly brushed up his skills by learning from 'Honinbo Jowa Chosaku' and so on in spite of the order from his father not to play Go for the sake of his studies, and at about the age of 12 to 13 after receiving his father's permission at last, he had no rivals in his neighborhood.
- また石見銀山を始めとして、生野銀山、因幡銀山、多田銀山、対馬銀山など多くの銀山が西日本に偏在し、また大坂銅吹所における荒銅からの絞銀(しぼりぎん)による灰吹銀の供給が潤沢であったこともその要因である。
- Another reason is that there were some silver mines including Ikuno Silver Mine, Inaba Silver Mine, Tada Silver Mine and Tsushima Silver Mine as well as Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in western Japan, and there was an abundant supply of cupellated silver produced by shiborigin (kind of silver) from rough bronze at Osaka Bronze Production.
- 以上の略歴は後述する墓誌から明らかになったもので、伊福部氏の女として采女に貢進されたことにより、当時の規定から伊福部氏が因幡国造であったか、少なくとも当時において郡領を務める氏であったことが判明する。
- Her brief personal history noted above was based on the epitaph below and, according to the fact that she was appointed court lady as a daughter of the Ifukube clan, it is clear that the Ifukube clan was the governor of Inaba Province or at least a hereditary district magistrate, according to the norm at the time.
- 光秀の敗因は思った兵力が整わなかったため十分な迎撃体制をとることができなかったことや、山崎が京から西国へと出るために要所であり、明智軍はこの要所を防衛する形で戦わざるを得なかったからだとも言われている。
- Mitsuhide's defeat is attributed to his inability to sufficiently equip himself for engaging the enemy on account of an unexpectedly small size of the mobilized troops and the circumstances which obliged his troops in the form of defending Yamazaki which was a key transit point from Kyoto to western provinces.
- またこの事件は、奈良の『菩提泉(ぼだいせん)』『山樽(やまだる)』『大和多武峯(たふのみね)酒』、越前の『豊原(ほうげん)酒』、近江の『百済寺酒』、河内の『観心寺酒』などの僧坊酒が台頭する一因ともなった。
- This incident also contributed to the rise of sobo shu (sake produced by monks) such as 'Bodaisen,' 'Yamadaru,' and 'Yamato Tafunomine zake' in Nara, 'Hogen zake' in Echizen, 'Hyakusaidera shu' in Omi, and 'Kanshinji shu' in Kawachi.
- ちなみに一般にゼロ戦としてよく知られている大日本帝国海軍の「零式艦上戦闘機(れいしきかんじょうせんとうき)」は、この年に採用された事に因んだ名称である(兵器の制式名の数字は皇紀の下二桁によっていたから)。
- Incidentally, the 'Type zero carrier fighter' of the Imperial Japanese Navy, well-known as the Zero fighter, is a name connected with the fact that it was employed in the year 2600 in the Imperial era (1940 in the Gregorian calendar [numbers in the type name of the weapons were based on the last two digits of the Imperial era]).
- また、この直後に裏松固禅によって『大内裏図考證』が完成され、その研究に基づいて、古式に則った御所が再建されることになるが、同時に朝廷の動向が世間の注目を集めるようになり、尊号一件などの紛争の遠因となった。
- 'Daidairizukosho' (a historical investigation imperial palace images) was completed by Kozen URAMATSU soon after the incident and it was intended to rebuild the Imperial Palace according to its original appearance based on the study of this document but the drawing of public activity to the activity of the Imperial Court at this time became the underlying cause of disputes such as the Songo Incident.
- この事件と同時期の1884年、イギリスでジョン・リーという死刑囚は、絞首台の落とし戸が3度も開かず停止されたという(原因は、落とし戸が湿気のために膨張し、重量がかかると戸が開かなくなったためとされている)。
- In 1884, around the same time of the incident, there was a condemned called John Lee in England and the execution was discontinued because the falling door didn't open despite three times of attempt (It is said to have been caused by swollenness of the door due to moisture, which was stuck and didn't open when someone stood on it).
- だが、元の日本侵略の要因として経済的な利権を求めたことが挙げられるように、元側に日本との経済的関係を望む意向が強く、反対に日本側も日宋貿易によって確立された中国大陸との経済的関係の維持を望む意向が強かった。
- However, one of the reasons why Yuan Dynasty wanted to invade Japan was to gain the economic advantage; therefore, Yuan Dynasty was eager to establish the economic ties with Japan and Japan also had a strong desire to maintain the economic ties with the Chinese continent established by the trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty in China.
- 播磨をようやく再び平定した秀吉は但馬国、因幡国に進出し、山名豊国らを降参させ、山名氏の反織田氏勢力と結んだ毛利氏の吉川経家を鳥取城の戦いにおいて破り、弟の豊臣秀長や宮部継潤に命じ山陰地方の征伐を進めさせた。
- After finally conquering Harima again, Hideyoshi entered into Tajima Province and Inaba Province, and reduced Toyokuni YAMANA to obedience, beat Tsuneie KIKKAWA of the Mori clan at the Battle of Tottori-jo Castle, who was part of the anti-Oda forces led by the Yamana clan, and ordered his brother Hidenaga and Keijun MIYABE to conquer the Sanin region.
- 開戦原因のひとつとなった鹿児島属廠のスナイドル弾薬製造設備は、2月13日に大阪砲兵工廠に設置されたが、鹿児島から搬出した際に部品の不備や破損が生じていたため、稼働させるには修理と部品の追加購入が必要となった。
- On February 13, the production equipment of Snider Ammunition from the arsenal in Kagoshima, which was one of the reasons for the war, was set up in the arsenal in Osaka; but some parts of the equipment had been lost and some had been damaged during the transportation from Kagoshima, the government army had to repair and purchase additional parts to operate the equipment.
- 9月6日 (旧暦)、家康は豊臣方の徳川家に対しての不信が問題の要因であるとし、崇伝と本多正純を使者として、大蔵卿局と且元とを同席させた上で、双方の親和を示す方策を講じ江戸に赴いて申し開きするよう要求したという。
- On September 6 (the old calendar) Ieyasu concluded that the distrust of the Toyotomi Family to the Tokugawa Family was a factor of such a problem, then sent Suden and Masazumi HONDA as envoys to the Toyotomi family, and at the meeting in company with Okurakyo-no-tsubone and Katsumoto, demanded that Toyotomi should discuss a measure for conciliation for the both families and come to Edo to account for the measure.
- また10世紀中葉の承平天慶の乱は、当初平氏一族内の私闘と考えられていたものが、のちに国家への叛逆行為と見なされるようになったものであるが、その最大の要因は平将門が常陸国府を包囲・攻略し、官印を奪ったことによる。
- In another episode, the Johei and Tengyo War in the middle of the tenth century was originally thought as a duel among the Taira family but later came to be regarded as a treason because TAIRA no Masakado surrounded and captured the local government of Hitachi and stole its kanin.
- 直接には、「則ち精兵を率ゐて、進みて那羅山に登りて軍いくさす。時に官軍屯聚して、草木を蹢跙す。因りて其の山を號して、那羅山と曰ふ。蹢跙、此を布瀰那羅須ふみならすと云ふ」〈『日本書紀』崇神天皇 10 年〉に拠る。
- The word, however, comes directly from 'quickly led elite soldiers up to Mt. Nara where the soldiers fought a war. Then, the Imperial army soldiers got together to stamp (narasu, 蹢跙す) the plants. Therefore, the mountain was given the name Mt. Nara. Here, '蹢跙' means to stamp.' (88 B.C., 'Nihonshoki')
- 維新成功の背景として、その前段階たる江戸時代における日本人の労働生産性・教育水準・遵法意識の高さや、近世においてすでに近代的科学(合理)精神を受け入れる素地・教養が準備されていたことなども要因と考えられている。
- Some of the reasons for the success of the Meiji Restoration are that Japanese people in the Edo period worked hard, were well educated, and abided by laws, and they had enough knowledge to accept modern rational scientific spirit.
- 四辻氏の米沢城入り直後に地震が起きたことを、景勝が正室の菊姫 (上杉景勝正室)を差し置いて側室である女を城内に入れたことへの天罰としたり、彼女があまりにも早く死んだ原因を菊姫の怨霊の祟りとする俗説もあるという。
- A popular belief states that the earthquake that took place right after the concubine Yotsutsuji came to the Yonezawa-jo Castle is a retribution for Kagekatsu having welcomed a concubine into the castle disregarding the presence of Princess Kiku (who was Kagekatsu UESUGI's lawful wife), and that she died too young because she was cursed by the vengeful spirit of Princess Kiku.
- これを松田(蔵相)と原(内相)の更迭要求と見た西園寺はこれを機に総辞職をすることとなった(近年では、桂による反政友会工作の発覚や井上馨による増税による財政再建要求が実現困難であったことも原因として挙げられている。
- Saionji regarded it as Yamagata's demand to replace Matsuda (Minister of Finance) and Hara (Interior Minister) and his cabinet resigned en masse (recently, the following are considered as the reasons of the resignation: the anti-Seiyuto maneuver by Katsura was revealed; it would be difficult to carry out Kaoru INOUE's demand for financial reconstruction by increasing tax revenue.
- 『天皇制と部落差別』と題して鈴木良により採り上げられたことをきっかけとして、天皇を主軸とした国家権力による横暴の好例であるとの論旨をもって、部落問題の原因を天皇制に求めるうえでの重要議題として認知されるに至った。
- Being focused on under 'Tennosei to Buraku sabetsu' (Emperor system and Buraku discrimination) by Ryo SUZUKI, this problem became recognized as an important issue to attribute the cause of Buraku problem to the Emperor system, with the theory that it was a good example of domineeringness by the state power having the emperor at its center.
- また軍を解散させると職を失った大量の兵士達が社会不安の要因となってしまうというものだが、征服した現地兵を次の戦争に投入することは元ではよく行われており、日本との戦いのときのみことさら強調すべきこととは考えにくい。
- It is also said that dissolving the army would cause social anxiety by producing numerous unemployed soldiers, but the Yuan Dynasty often sent local conquered soldiers to the next war and it could not be particularly emphasized only in the case of war with Japan.
- 巻名は薫が一周忌法要に事寄せて大君に詠んだ和歌「あげまきに 長き契りをむすびこめ おなじところに よりもあはなむ」(あなたが縒り結んでいる総角結びのように、あなたと私が長く寄り添えるようになりたいものだ)に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem, which Kaoru made for Oigimi (oldest daughter of Hachi no miya) at a memorial service on the first anniversary of the death of her father: 'I hope that we will stay together for long just like these trefoil knots which you tie.'
- この際、作者の紫式部が受領階級の娘であり妻であったという、当時の身分・階級制度の中では高いとは言えない地位にあったことも、本文を忠実に写し取り伝えていこうとする動機を欠く要因になったとする意見も学者の中には多い。
- Some scholars state that the author Murasaki Shikibu was a daughter and wife of Zuryo rank, which was not a high rank in the hierarchy of those days, and this meant people would copy her work less faithfully.
- とはいえ、歴史としての正確性や検証性はともかくとしても、平家の落人伝説にちなんだ姓も日本国各地で存在していることも事実であり、またそうした謎の多き、闇に包まれた伝承がいわゆる歴史のロマンを想起させる要因でもある。
- Setting aside the question of correctness or historical verification, it is true that there exist surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo legends throughout Japan, and such oral traditions filled with mystery and darkness stir people's imagination for history.
- また混成の原因には元々あった本文に異なる系統の本文を校合することによる混成の発生と一部分が欠けた写本に残った部分の本文と異なる系統の本文を持つ写本によって補ったことによって発生した混成とが存在すると考えられている。
- There are two reasons for the mixture of the text; one is that when the manuscript was collated, the different group of text was added to the original text, while the other is that the manuscript where the text was partly missing was supplemented by a different group of text.
- 義昭・信長と前久・石山本願寺との対立は後の元亀兵乱の一因となるが、兵乱の過程において、信長との関係が悪化した義昭は本願寺と和解し反信長同盟(いわゆる信長包囲網)を形成するも信長に敗れ、室町幕府は滅亡することになる。
- While the opposition between the Yoshiaki-Nobunaga pair and the Sakihisa-Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple alliance proved to make up a cause of subsequent Genki heiran (the Genki Disturbance), Yoshiaki whose relationship with Nobunaga worsened in the process of warfare made peace with Hongan-ji Temple to form an Anti-Nobunaga alliance (so-called Nobunaga encircling net), which eventually was defeated by Nobunaga, and the Muromachi bakufu collapsed.
- 建武2年(1335年)の政変に足利尊氏に従い畿内・西国を転戦、南朝軍に追われ九州に出奔していた尊氏が反攻で京都を回復すると、因幡・但馬両国の守護職に任じられまた、室町幕府評定衆・五番制内談衆の二番頭人をも歴任した。
- At the Coup of 1335, He followed Takauji ASHIKAGA and moved from place to place to fight in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and Saigoku (western part of Japan [usually referring to Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]); when Takauji, who had run away from the Southern Court army and hidden out in Kyushu, recovered Kyoto by counterattack, he was appointed as shugoshiki (provincial constable) of Inaba Province and Tajima Province, and also held a position of the second tonin of the hyojoshu (a member of the Council of State) of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and naidanshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) of five-turn system.
- その後、武家政権である鎌倉幕府が成立すると、裁判制度の充実を図るとともにこうした故戦防戦を積極的に抑制する方針に転じ、延慶 (日本)3年(1310年)に刈田狼藉を犯罪と規定するなど私軍・私戦の原因を絶つ政策を採った。
- After that, when Kamakura bakufu (a samurai government) was established, the active suppression of such kosen-bosen came to be enforced in addition to the enhancement of the 'trial system,' and a policy of eliminating the causes of watakushiikusa and shisen by means of making Karita-rozeki (to reap rice illegally) a crime was adopted in 1310.
- 合戦の経過は詳らかではないが、鎌倉時代末期成立の『大山寺縁起』によると、義親は蜘戸(雲津浦)に城を築いて立てこもり、正盛は因幡伯耆国出雲三カ国の軍勢を率いて海を渡り、山を越えて、攻め立て、遂に義親を討ち取ったとある。
- The details of the kassen (battle, engagement) are unknown, but according to 'Daisenji engi' (tales of the origin of Daisen-ji Temple) which was completed at the end of the Kamakura period, Yoshichika built a castle at Kumoto (Kumotsuura) and barricaded himself in it, against which Masanori charged leading the troops of three provinces of Inaba, Hoki and Izumo, crossing the sea and the mountains, and he finally killed Yoshichika.
- 眉輪王の物語が暗殺の実情を隠蔽する目的の述作であるとすると、眉輪王を匿ったために滅ぼされたという記紀の筋書きにも疑問が生じ、実際の滅亡原因は、大泊瀬皇子のライバルである押磐皇子と連携していたことにあった可能性が高い。
- If we interpret this incident in the story of Emperor Mayowa as a jussaku (literary work) which conceals the real reason of his assasination, there is a high possibility that the cause of their fall was due to the Katsuraki clan's alliance with Prince Oshihano, who was the rival for Prince Ohatsuse.
- その筆致は同書に依拠して書かれた『永享記』(『結城戦場記』)と比べると足利持氏を擁護する傾向にあるが、永享の乱の根本的原因は『永享記』と同じく持氏側に求め、乱に至らしめた持氏の行動を「天魔の所行」と強く非難している。
- The writing is sympathetic to Mochiuji ASHIKAGA compared with the 'Eikyo ki' (Yuji Battle Record), written based on the Kamakura Mochiuji ki, but like the Eikyo ki, it finds Mochiuji guilty of causing the Eikyo Rebellion and strongly criticizes Mochiuji's actions that led to the Rebellion as 'the acts of a devil'.
- この信虎追放には『勝山記』や向嶽寺など甲斐国内史料に記される信虎の対外侵攻の軍役や凶作に際しての重税など「悪行」を原因とする説から、『甲斐国志』による合意による隠居であったとする説、今川義元との共謀説などの諸説ある。
- There are various theories regarding Nobutora's banishment including the theory it was due to `inappropriate behavior' such as Nobutora's military services in invasions outside the country or increasing taxes during poor harvests, which are described in Kai Province historic materials such as 'Katsuyamakia' (the chronology of Kai Province) and Kogaku-ji Temple, the theory that Nobutora's banishment was a retirement based on agreement, which was described in 'Kai koku shi' (Records of Kai Province), and another theory is that Harunobu conspired with Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
- これが賄賂好き(後述の様に、現在の賄賂とは意味合いが異なる)な吉良上野介の不興を買い、饗応役に不慣れな浅野内匠頭に対して勅使への音信、増上寺の畳替え、殿中礼服の違いなど事あるごとに苛めたことが原因としているものが多い。
- This Asano's act displeased Kirano Kozuke no Suke who was into bribery (as described later, the term bribe used here has a different meaning than the modern term), and the cause of the incident is thought to be Kira pointing out every single fault to Asano Takumi no Kami, who was not familiar with his position as an attendant such as the ways Asano contacted Inshi, re-covered the tatamis of Zojo-ji Temple and wore different formal dress inside the palace.
- またこの時期に相次いで起こった自然災害、すなわち元禄地震、東海・南海・東南海連動型地震および宝永の大噴火被害による幕府の財政逼迫も、銭座からの運上による利益を目的とする大銭すなわち寳永通寳鋳造に至らしめた一因といえる。
- The financial crisis of bakufu caused by natural disasters occurred one after another in this period such as Genroku Earthquake and Tokai, Nankai, Tonankai Consolidated Type Earthquake as well as damage by great eruption (of Mt.Fuji) in Hoei era was one of the reasons for minting ozeni (type of coin), or kaneitsukan, to make profit from zeniza.
- さらに出雲国の尼子経久、周防国の大内義興、備前国の浦上村宗らの圧迫を受けるようになり、次第に領土を奪われて、政豊の子・山名誠豊の時代には、誠豊が但馬、山名豊時の孫・山名誠通が因幡をかろうじて支配するという状態に陥った。
- Furthermore, the oppression of the Yamana clan by the Tsunehisa AMAGO in the Izumo Province, Yoshioki OUCHI in the Suo Province and Muramune URAGAMI in the Bizen Province began; the only territories they managed to govern were Tanba, during the generation of Nobutoyo YAMANA, the son of Masatoyo, and Inaba, during the generation of his grandson, Nobumichi.
- 戊辰戦争時に幕府軍を裏切って、幕府軍敗走の原因を作った暗愚な藩主として有名な「犬」藩主(「裏切り者の犬」として、敵の幕府や味方の新政府からも虚仮下ろされた)の父と違い、賢明温厚で、書画の才にも優れていたと言われている。
- Unlike his father, who was infamous ignorant 'dog' lord for betraying bakufu forces at Boshin War (his betrayal put the bakufu forces to flight, and he was accused as a 'traitor's dog' by both enemy, bakufu and the ally, new government), he allegedly had wisdom, warm personality and excellent talent of paintings and calligraphic works.
- 信玄との利益を度外視した数々の闘争は、謙信が純粋に信玄を嫌っていたことが原因だという説もある(もっともこれらは道徳観に反する行いが理由とも解釈できるため、謙信がいわれもなく信玄個人を「毛嫌い」していたという確証はない)。
- One theory suggests that Shingen ignored profits made from several conflicts, this was a cause for Kenshin genuinely hating Shingen, (also, Shingen's actions run contrary to Kenshin's sense of morality, but there is no conclusive evidence that Kenshin 'disliked' Shingen as an individual).
- この比叡山焼き討ち (1571年)においては、森家の遺族は幼少の子らが多くこの戦に加わっていないが、そもそも森家の血筋は祖先 陸奥七郎義隆が比叡山の僧兵の矢に倒れたという因縁があり、この度の可成討ち死にの要因をも作った。
- Since most surviving members of the Mori family were still children they did not participate in the siege and burning of Mt. Hiei (in 1571), but in fact the origins of the conflict between Mt. Hiei and the Mori clan go back to the death of the first ancestor of the Mori clan, Shichiro Yoshitaka MUTSU, who had been killed by an arrow shot by one of the warrior monks of Mt. Hiei, leading some to see the burning of the temples on Mt. Hiei as karmic retribution for Yoshinari's death.
- 黒澤明は、日米合作「トラ!トラ!トラ!」の撮影に際して初めて東映京都撮影所を使用し、そのスタッフとの軋轢が降板の一因となったと言われるが、初日にセットのカーテンの折り皺に激怒し即撮影中止となったエピソードが伝えられている。
- When Akira KUROSAWA made the Japan-US joint production 'Tora! Tora! Tora!' he used the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio for the first time, but on the first day of filming he got angry at the fact that one of the curtains on the set had a crease in it and immediately ceased production; the conflict between Kurosawa and the staff of the studio is said to be one of the reasons he abandoned the movie halfway through.
- 宇多天皇が次期天皇の決定について菅原道真以外には関与させなかったという事実は、一面において天皇や貴族社会における道真への警戒心と反発を高め、後年菅原道真が大宰権帥に左遷された事件(昌泰の変)の原因になったとも言われている。
- The fact that Emperor Uda did not involve anybody but SUGAWARA no Michizane in deciding the next emperor, in one sense, intensified wariness and backlash against Michizane within the society of emperor and the nobles, and it was allegedly one of the causes of the incident in the later years (the Shotai Incident) in which SUGAWARA no Michizane was demoted and transferred to Dazai gon no sochi (provincial governor-general of the Dazai-fu [local government office in Kyushu region]).
- これは、西郷軍の行動が始めから一定の目的に従っていたわけではなく、その時々の官軍の弱点を突くものであり、鹿児島へ向けて出発したものの、最終的に鹿児島突入を決定したのは、米良に到着した後のことであったということも一因であった。
- The following would be a factor of this: From the start, the actions of Saigo's forces were not taken to achieve predetermined objectives, but to attack weak points of the government army on the occasions, and although the forces departed for Kagoshima, it was after they arrived at Mera that they finally decided to rush into Kagoshima.
- 嘉承3年(1108年)年正月の除目は、平正盛が「最下品」でありながら「第一国」である因幡国の受領となるなど法皇の近臣が多く受領に任じられたが、この除目を主催したのは他ならぬ忠実であり、法皇への従属は決定的なものとなっていた。
- In 1108, the Jimoku (process to appoint ranks and positions) was handled by TAIRA no Masamori but, along with the 'Saigebon' (lowest) rank in the nobility, many Juryo (Provincial Governor) appointments, including those of the likes of the 'key province' Inaba Province, were vassals of the Cloistered Emperor; however, the person who backed the Jimoku was no other than Tadazane himself and the Cloistered Emperor was decidedly subordinate.
- また、次男・池田忠継の備前国岡山城28万石、三男池田忠雄の淡路国洲本城6万石、弟池田長吉の因幡国鳥取城6万石を合せ、一族で計92万石(一説に検地して百万石)もの大領を有して、世に「西国将軍」、「姫路宰相百万石」等と称された。
- Furthermore, the family held a large territory totaled 920,000 koku (according to one theory, a million koku based on a land survey)--the 280,000 koku of his second son Tadatsugu IKEDA at Okayama-jo Castle in Bizen Province, the 60,000 koku of his third son Tadao IKEDA at Sumoto-jo Castle in Awaji Province, and the 60,000 koku of his brother Nagayoshi IKEDA at Tottori-jo Castle in Inaba Province--and was called 'shogun of Nishigoku' (western Japan), 'Himeji saisho hyakumangoku' (prime minister of Himeji of one million koku), etc.
- また、大名貸に伴う大坂から江戸への貨幣の流出は、江戸商人による大坂からの物資買付とともに、武士とその生活を支える商工業者による消費都市江戸と「天下の台所」と呼ばれた大坂との間に高度な為替の仕組を生み出す間接的な要因にもなった。
- Also, money outflow from Osaka to Edo due to daimyogashi and Edo merchants buying goods from Osaka became remote causes of creating a sophisticated system of currency exchange between Edo, a consumer city of samurai and people in trade and manufacture who supported lives of samurai, and Osaka, a city called 'the kitchen of Japan.'
- また、世間から「文道棟梁」「今世之宏才」「当代大才」「国之元老」という賛辞が彼に送られたことも彼の子孫にとって大いなる栄誉となり、明治維新まで堂上家(高辻家・五条家・東坊城家等の六家)として存続できたことの大きな要因となった。
- The public compliments, which included 'the master of Bumdo (literature),' 'brilliant of the day,' 'the most clever man of the day' and 'elder statesman of the country' were a great honor for his descendants and were a key factor in allowing them to persist as the Tosho family (one of the six court noble families such as the Takatsuji family, the Gojo family and the Higashibojo family).
- 姦夫を妻敵討として殺害した本夫が姦夫の親族から殺人罪で告発された裁判で、本夫が姦通を理由に先に妻を殺害してしまえばその原因を作った姦夫は妻敵になるのであるから、本夫が妻敵討を行っても殺人罪とはならず無罪となるという判例を下した。
- The bakufu set a legal precedent that if the real husband killed his wife first for the reason of adultery, the adulterer who had brought about the cause would be considered as megataki (adulterer), and for this reason, even if the husband practiced megataki uchi (revenge oneself on the adulterer), it would not constitute a crime of murder, and thus, the husband was innocent.
- 安土桃山時代以前の牧野氏のルーツは、不明な点や矛盾が多く、複数の異なった系譜が伝わり、また徳川氏帰属後は反徳川の急先鋒だった三河牛窪城主・牧野保成との関係を意図的に遠ざけたとも考えられ、これも系譜関係の不明確さの一因となっている。
- The family tree is unclear because as for the roots of the Makino clan before the Azuchi Momoyama period, many unclear points and discrepancies exsist, and there are some different family trees prevailing, and because of those after the Makino clan belonged to the Tokugawa clan, it is considered that the Makino clan intentionally kept away from Lord of Mikawa Ushikubo-jo Castle Yasushige MAKINO who was one of the anti-Tokugawa radicals.
- ヨーロッパでのフューダリズム(封建制)が、外民族の移動・侵入などと強く結び付いて形成されたのに比し、日本の封建制はむしろ武士による統治などの国内的要因が主となって形成された(天皇を始めとする貴族は武士の権威を根拠付ける存在である)。
- In Europe, the formation of Feudalism (Hoken system) was closely related to foreigners' migration and invasion, the Hoken system in Japan, on the other hand, was mainly triggered by domestic factors including samurai ruling (nobility, including the Emperor, authorized the power of samurai).
- 実際に国会質疑等でも取り上げられてはいるが、答弁はその場しのぎのごまかしを繰り返すばかりであり、大きな進展はない(こうしたことは林野庁の予算が少ないためであり、国が第一次産業を軽視しているのが根本的な原因との見方もないわけではない)。
- Diet discussions take place but lead only to repeated ad hoc piecemeal measures with no major progress made (there are those who consider the fundamental reasons of this to be the small budget allocated to the Forestry Agency and neglect of the nation's primary industry).
- しかし、深草支所管内、醍醐支所管内とも人口は10万人にも満たない(それでも東山区よりは人口が多い)ほか、深草支所管内と醍醐支所管内は接してはいるものの地域的な結びつきは希薄であることが、分区の機運が盛り上がらない要因の1つとなっている。
- However, the populations of both the Fukakusa Branch and the Daigo Branch are less than 100 thousand (still larger than Higashiyama Ward's) and, additionally, the two areas share a geographical border but have not had strong ties on a community level--these lie behind the fact that the separation plan has not gained momentum.
- これは守隆が生前に五男の久隆を溺愛して嫡男に選んでしまったのが原因であるが、結果として御家騒動の結果、久隆は摂津国三田藩へ移封され、隆季は綾部にそれぞれ移封され、ここに九鬼氏は嘉隆以来の故郷である志摩国鳥羽藩の地を失うに至ったのであった。
- The dispute took place because Moritaka had doted on Hisataka, the fifth son and chosen him as his heir, and the result was the transfer of Hisataka to the Sanda Domain in Settsu Province and of Takasue to the Ayabe Domain, leading to the loss of the Toba Domain in Shima Province, which had been the hometown of the Kuki clan since the era of Yoshitaka.
- 道鏡を天皇に就けたがっていたと言われる称徳天皇は報告を聞いて怒り、清麻呂を因幡員外介にいったん左遷、さらに「別部穢麻呂(わけべのきたなまろ)」と改名させて大隅国へ配流し、姉の広虫も「別部広虫売(わけべのひろむしめ)」と改名させられて処罰された。
- Empress Shotoku who wanted to make Dokyo Emperor was indignant after listening to the report and demoted Kiyomaro to Inaba no Ingainoge for the time being, later made him change his name to 'WAKEBE no Kitanamaro' and exiled him to Osumi Province; his sister Hiromushi was also punished by being forced to change her name to 'WAKEBE no Hiromushime.'
- 無期徒刑が決定したことを知らせると「いかなる事態になるか判らない」旨の発言をしている(なお、これに対して青木が「自分は伊藤博文に言われて死刑にする事を約束しただけである」と述べたために、伊藤から嫌悪されて政治家としての栄達を絶たれる原因となる)。
- When Schaevitz knew that Tsuda was sentenced life imprisonment, he said 'he didn't know what would happen in retribution' (Aoki, who heard Schaevitz's remark, said 'he just had followed Hirobumi ITO who ordered him to promise Russia the death penalty,' and was banished from a political world by Ito).
- 当初は原因不明で、神罰や天災であるとの認識であったが、国衙や郡衙の正倉や国分寺などの公的施設の被害が多かったことと、正税・官物の焼失による財政的打撃を食い止めるために、国司・郡司らの管理責任を追及し、時には解官・損失補填などの措置を採る様になる。
- At first, it was thought to be of unknown cause and be a divine punishment a natural disaster, but there were many damages of public facilities such as shoso (public repository) or provincial monasteries of kokuga (provincial government offices) or gunga (provincial office), and in order to prevent financial damages of shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse) and kanmotsu by destruction in a fire, the risk management by kokushi (provincial governors) and gunji (district managers) were pursued and sometimes they were discharged, recompensed the damages and so on.
- そもそも兼香の関白就任の直接の要因は、前任の二条吉忠の病死によるものであったが、この年には基熙・家熙と並んで3代にわたって朝廷で優位を保ってきた太政大臣近衛家久も病死、更に翌年には右大臣になったばかりの二条宗熙が父・吉忠の後を追うように病死した。
- The direct reason for Kaneyoshi's appointment to Kanpaku in the first place was the death of the former Kanpaku, Yoshitada NIJO, from disease, but Daijo-daijin Iehisa KONOE, who maintained his domination of the court for three generations through Motohiro and Iehiro KONOE, also died of a disease the same year, and Munehiro NIJO, who had just become Udaijin, died from disease the following year soon after his father, Yoshitada.
- 表記のぶれをめぐっては、「壹」を「臺」の誤記とする説のほか、「壹與遣,倭大夫率善中郎將掖邪狗等二十人送,政等還。因詣臺,」から混同を避けるために書き分けたとする説、魏の皇帝の居所を指す「臺」の文字を東の蛮人の国名には用いなかったとする説などがある。
- There are theories about the indefinite nature of the notation: a theory that '壹' is a writing error of '臺,' an alternative theory that they were written distinctly to avoid confusion, which can be guessed from '壹與遣,倭大夫率善中郎將掖邪狗等二十人送,政等還。因詣臺,' and another theory that the letter '臺,' which indicated the place in which the emperors of Wei lived, was not supposed to be used for the country name of the eastern barbarians.
- 摂海防禦指揮徳川慶喜は、いまだに条約への勅許が得られていないのが原因と考え、老中らに勅許工作と外国艦隊との交渉をおこなわせるが、独断で兵庫開港を決めた阿部正外・松前崇広らに対し朝廷から老中罷免の令が出される異常事態となり、幕府は慶喜への疑念を強める。
- Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who was in charge of protecting the sea around the Osaka region, had senior councilors negotiate with the foreign squadron, while promoting activities to get permission from the emperor, but things became complicated with the order to dismiss the two senior councilors, Masato ABE and Takahiro MATSUMAE, who had decided to open Hyogo port on their own authority, making the bakufu side suspicious of Yoshinobu.
- この時、学生として倭漢直福因(やまとのあやのあたいふくいん)・奈羅訳語恵明(ならのおさえみょう)高向玄理(たかむくのあやひとくろまろ)・新漢人大圀(いまきのあやひとだいこく)・学問僧として新漢人日文(にちもん、後の僧旻)・南淵請安ら8人、隋へ留学する。
- Eight people went to Sui for study, including students such as YAMATOAYA no Ataifukuin, NARA no Osaemyo, TAKAMUKU no Ayahitokuromaro, IMAKI no Ayahitodaikoku and priests-in-training such as IMAKI no Ayahito Nichimon (who later became Somin) and MINABUCHI no Shoan.
- まず取り付け騒ぎの原因となっている新聞記事の差し止めを求め大阪府知事や新聞社主宰と交渉し、その間に岩下へ電報を打電、急遽大阪に戻った岩下は自ら新聞社主宰を訪れ、記事停止の了解を得ることはできたが時既に遅く、その翌日には一時引き出しができない事態を生じる。
- First, after negotiating an agreement with the Governor of Osaka and the chief editor of the newspaper company to stop publishing the article, he sent a telegraph to Iwashita and upon arriving in Osaka he visited the chief editor of the newspaper company to put a stop to the article which ended up being too late as the bank had insufficient funds to satisfy customer withdrawal requests the next day.
- 「弥生」という名称は、1884年(明治17年)に東京府本郷向ヶ岡弥生町(現在の東京都文京区弥生 (文京区))の貝塚で発見された土器が発見地に因み弥生式土器と呼ばれたことに由来する(なお、その後の都市化の進展などもあって正確な発見地は特定できなくなっている)。
- The name 'Yayoi' is derived from Yayoi earthware, named after the place of discovery, as it was earthware found at shell mounds in Yayoi-cho, Mukogaoka, Hongo, Tokyo Prefecture (present Yayoi, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo) in 1884 (Precise location of discovery cannot be identified because of the later increase in urbanization.)
- 秀吉は、1月17日、寺沢志摩守を通じて玄雅に、「今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々」の朱印状とともに、小袖一服、道服一服を与えた。
- On February 22, Hideyoshi sent Terasawa Shima-no-Kami to award Harumasa a letter bearing his seal, along with a kimoto with short sleeves and a set of formal clothes; the letter told Harumasa that 今度大明人蔚山取還之由注進付 而為後巻雖押出候敵引退之由 既に自此方も安芸中納言 増田右衛門 因幡但馬大和紀伊九鬼父子等可取立旨雖被仰付候右之分候間不及是非候 云々
- 石橋の名を地名に由来するのもだとすると、『姓氏家系大辞典』等では、下野国石橋が和義の名字のもととなったと想定しているが、鎌倉期の足利家領三河国設楽郡内にも石橋の地名があるし、京都市中にも石橋の地名があり、全国各地に石の橋に因んで存在し、未だに由来が判然としない。
- Assuming that the name Ishibashi is derived from the name of a place, some writings including 'Seishi Kakei Daijiten' (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames) state that Kazuyoshi (or Masayoshi) Ishibashi adopted his surname from a place called Ishibashi, Shimotsuke Province, but the origin of the name Ishibashi is unclear because there are many places called Ishibashi; in addition to Ishibashi in Shitara County in Mikawa Province, the Ashikaga clan's territory in the Kamakura period, or another Ishibashi in Kyoto, there are the places which were named after a stone bridge (Ishibashi literally means 'Stone Bridge') throughout Japan.
- そのころ倭国では、671年に天智天皇が急死(『扶桑略記』では病死説の後一説として「一云 天皇駕馬 幸山階鄕 更無還御 永交山林 不知崩所 只以履沓落處爲其山陵 以往諸皇不知因果 恒事殺害」とあり山中での狩の途中に行方不明になったという記事を根拠にする暗殺説あり)。
- During that time in Wakoku (671), Emperor Tenchi met an untimely death (although he may have died of illness, in 'Fuso Ryakki' [A Brief History of Japan] it is said that he may have been assassinated based on the account that he went missing during a hunting trip in the mountains).
- だが現実の忠実は康和元年(1099年)22歳で父・師通が急死、最年少で摂政となった曽祖父藤原頼通の26歳を下回り大臣も経ていないため、関白になれず内覧にとどまった事と、既に引退していた祖父藤原師実には、忠実を支える余力が無かった事が摂関家勢力を落とす要因になった。
- However, in reality, Tadazane was 22 in 1099 when his father Moromichi died suddenly and he became Sessho (Regent) at a tender age (younger than his great grandfather, who had taken on the role at 26 years), and as he had not even served as a Minister, he did not become Kampaku (Chancellor) and was confined to private audiences, and his grandfather FUJIWARA no Morozane, who was already retired, had no remaining influence to support Tadazane, leading to a decline in the power of the Sekkan-ke (family eligible to be Regents).
- だが、本来東京都は花粉症増加の原因をディーゼル自動車の排気ガスに求め、排ガス汚染との関連はみられないという疫学調査の結果が出たにもかかわらず、その規制を強行した自治体であることは記しておかねばならない(ただし、規制そのものは花粉症のみのために行なったものではない)。
- However, it must be said that Tokyo is an autonomous body that enforced diesel regulation based on the concept that exhaust fumes from diesel vehicles was the cause for increases in pollinosis despite epidemiological investigation findings that there is no relationship between exhaust gas pollution and pollinosis (although these regulations did not pertain only to pollinosis).
- (「皇帝問倭皇 使人長吏大禮 蘇因高等至具懷 朕欽承寶命 臨養區宇 思弘德化 覃被含靈 愛育之情 無隔遐邇 知皇介居海表 撫寧民庶 境內安樂 風俗融合 深氣至誠 遠脩朝貢 丹款之美 朕有嘉焉 稍暄 比如常也 故遣鴻臚寺掌客裴世清等 旨宣往意 并送物如別」『日本書紀』)
- 皮肉にも7月になって大久保利通と木戸孝允・大隈重信の対立を原因とする政争の結果、大蔵省首脳が民部省の同じ役職を兼務していたことで統合されていた民部省に新たに東京府知事であった大木喬任が大隈の後任の民部大輔に就任し、吉井友実(少輔)・松方正義(大丞)ら大久保派が就任した。
- Ironically in July, Takato OKI who was the Governor of Tokyo prefecture was inaugurated as Minbu no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) of Minbusho that was in effect unified with Okurasho because the heads of Okurasho doubled as the corresponding posts of Minbusho, succeeding OKUMA, together with Tomozane YOSHII and Masayoshi MATSUKATA (who was Taijo, Senior Secretary) also assuming office, as a result of the political strife caused by the confrontation between Toshimitsu OKUBO against Takayoshi KIDO and Shigenobu OKUMA.
- ここで信長が怒り狂った饗応の不手際とは、「太閤記」にあるような「魚が腐っていた」といった ような表の理由ではなく、実は、信長が饗応の機会を捉えて家康を暗殺するよう光秀に指示したがこれを光秀が拒んだのが真因だと解釈する等、信長に家康暗殺の意図があったことを推定する説が多い。
- In this regard, many views infer that Nobunaga had an intention to assassinate Ieyasu, for example, assuming that the reason why Nobunaga got angry was not mismanagement of entertaining such as 'rotten fish' in 'Taikoki,' but the real cause was that when Nobunaga ordered Mitsuhide to kill Ieyasu taking opportunity of entertainment but Mitsuhide refused this order.
- 従来、留守政府の改革については、「大臣・参議・大輔盟約書」第6条に違反して岩倉使節団の面々を無視する形で留守政府が功に逸って無秩序勝手に行い、その結果様々な矛盾を引き起こして政府内では明治6年の政変を、政府外では士族反乱や農民一揆を引き起こす原因となったとする見方があった。
- Rusu-seifu had been said to carry out reforms in an arbitrary, disorderly and self-serving manner against Article 6 of the 'Treaty of ministers, sangi and taifu,' ignoring members of Iwakura Mission, and as a result to cause various contradictions, the political change in 1873 within the government, and Shizoku no hanran (revolt by family or person with samurai ancestors) and peasant uprisings outside the government.
- 褒状には「軟石ヲ密鐫シテ刀痕鮮明ナリ其石笛ハ発音未タ正律ニ協ハスト雖モ朗爽トシテ渋滞ナキハ鐫鑿ノ宜キニ因ヲ観ル」と受賞理由が明記され、これによって失われた石笛が軟石を緻密に彫刻したものであること、その笛が音階こそ整っていないものの爽やかな音色を奏でたことを知ることができる。
- On the certificate, reasons for the award are written; 'The stone flute was carved from freestone and was elaborate, and although its music scale was off-key, the sound was brilliant.'
- 西欧列強の強い干渉によって清朝は鎮圧を行おうとしたが、義和団の「扶清滅洋」(清を扶〔たす〕け洋を滅すべし)、あるいは「興清滅洋」(清を興〔おこ〕し洋を滅すべし)という清朝寄りのスローガンに対し、さきの毓賢同様同情を示す大官が複数おり、徹底した弾圧には至らなかった点も原因である。
- The Qing dynasty tried to suppress them due to strong interference by the powerful western European nations, but there were several high officials, like the former Ikunen, who were sympathetic to the Boxers' pro-Qing slogan, 'Support Qing, destroy the foreigners' and 'Revive Qing, destroy the foreigners'.
- 清の徐継畭の『瀛環志略』や李氏朝鮮の安鼎福の『東史綱目』には、倭寇の原因は日本に対する侵略行為(元寇)を行った高麗(朝鮮)への報復である、と記述されており、応永の外寇以前の前期倭寇は局地的な奪還・復讐戦であるとして『倭寇』と呼ばず、これ以降の後期倭寇を『倭寇』と考える説もある。
- In both the 'Ying huan zhi lue' by the Qing-period Chinese writer Jiyu XI and the 'Tongsa kangmok' by the Joseon-era Korean writer Chong Bok AN, the motivation of the Wako is considered to be retribution for Goryeo-era Korea's participation in the two invasions (by the Mongols) of Japan, and as such some have argued that the actions of the early Wako, who appeared before the Oei Invasion, should be considered a local effort to recapture lost wealth and a war of vengeance against Korea and China, so these pirates should not be called Wako (Japanese pirates); according to this theory, only pirates appearing after this point should be considered 'Wako,' or Japanese pirates.
- これは隋の煬帝により禁圧されて散逸した讖緯説の書(緯書)の逸文である『易緯』の鄭玄の注に、干支が一周する60年を1元(げん)といい、21元を1蔀(ぼう)として算出される1260年(=60×21)の辛酉(しんゆう)年に、国家的革命(王朝交代)が行われる(辛酉革命)という事に因む。
- This is related to the note by Jo Gen in 'Yi wei', the surviving fragment of a book on Shinisetsu (isho) which was banned by Emperor Yodai of Sui and got scattered and lost, where 60 years, one cycle of the Oriental zodiac, were defined as 1 gen and 21gen as 1 bou, and it was suggested that, in a specified zodiac year every 1260 years (= 60 ' 21) thus calculated, a national-scale revolution (change of dynasty) would be carried out.
- その最も大きな原因は、話の筋や登場人物の心情を理解するためにはそれ自体として意味のくみとれなかったり、前後の記述に矛盾のある(ように見える)箇所を含んでいる「青表紙本」よりも、そのような矛盾を含んでいない(ようにみえる)「河内本」のほうが使いやすかったからであると考えられている。
- The most plausible reason for it was that 'Kawachibon' was easier to use than 'Aobyoshibon' because it was hard to understand the plot and characters' feelings in 'Aobyoshibon,' which contains obscure parts and discrepancies rather than 'Kawachibon,' which didn't contain (or seem to contain) conflicts.
- これは、有名な近世城郭の多くは、少なくともその状態での実戦を経験していないために現在まで良く保存された遺構が残されている一方で、戦国時代の城が没落し、あるいは近世城郭に生まれ変わることのできなかった原因の1つは、陥落を経験し、その後、放棄されてしまったためであることを示すものでもある。
- This means that many of the famous modern castles have not experienced actual fighting, at least in their current conditions and therefore they have structural remains which have been well preserved and, on the other hand, one of the reasons why castles in the Sengoku Period were ruined or could not be changed to a modern castle is that they experienced falling and then were abandoned.
- そもそも江戸城が徳川氏の城に選ばれた理由の一因には、江戸の地が当初は北の玄武は麹町台地、東の青龍は神田川 (東京都)、南の朱雀は日比谷入江、西の白虎は東海道、江戸の拡大後は、玄武に本郷 (文京区)台地、青龍に大川(隅田川)、朱雀に江戸湾、白虎に甲州街道と四神相応に則っている点とされる。
- One reason why the Tokugawa clan chose the Edo Castle as its primary residence was that the geographical location of Edo was ideally aligned with shijin-soo philosopy that sought geographic analogs of the four Daoist gods Genbu (God of Water), Suzaku (Red Phoenix), Seiryu (Blue Dragon) and Byakko (White Tiger) respectively manifest in the geographic forms of hills in the north, a basin to the south, a river in the east, and a broad avenue to the west; Such geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were manifest in the Kojimachi plateau to the north, the Hibiya Inlet to the south, the Kanda-gawa River in the east, and the Tokai-do road to the west; the geographic analogs of geomantic ideals were respectively reconfigured to the Hongo highlands (Bunkyo Ward), Edo bay, O-kawa River (Sumida-gawa River), and the Koshu-kaido Road in response to the growth of Edo.
- 加えて1953年(昭和28年)9月25日の昭和28年台風第13号を起因とする由良川の氾濫は、最高水位が7.8mにもなる大量の水が福知山市街地全域を水浸しにし、市内で死者は約40名、負傷者は約900名、家屋全壊、半壊ともに1100戸以上、床上浸水においては5300戸以上もの被害をもたらした。
- In addition, the overflow of the Yura-gawa River caused on September 25, 1953 by typhoon No.13 in 1953 (twentieth year of the Showa period), resulting in a large volume of water with a floodmark as high as 7.8 m covering the entire urban area of Fukuchiyama, resulting in approximately 940 casualties including approximately 40 deaths, and at least 1,100 demolished and partially-destroyed houses, with at least 5,300 houses flooded above floor level.
- が、結果的には他の学科が学科名と博士の称号の合致を見ている(明経道=明経博士、算道=算博士、明法道では当初律学博士という呼称が用いられたものの後に明法博士と改称された)ことから、明治以後に文章道と紀伝道が別々に存在したのが紀伝道が文章道に併合されたという誤った解釈を流布させる原因となった。
- However, as all other subject names and titles of hakase corresponded with each other (myogyo hakase for myogyodo, san hakase (professor of mathematics) for sando and myobo hakase for myobodo in which once the title of ritsugaku hakase (professor of the law in the Ritsuryo system) was used but changed to myobo hakase later on), it left room for misunderstanding after the Meiji period that monjodo and kidendo existed separately and kidendo was absorbed into monjodo.
- しかし、「いずれの御時にか」で始まる『源氏物語』と違い、「少年の春は惜しめども留まらぬものなりければ、弥生の二十日余になりぬ」(有朋堂文庫)と始まる書き出しは、白居易の漢詩や『古今和歌集』の名歌を踏まえ、従妹源氏の宮への遂げられぬ恋に起因する狭衣の煩悶を描き、現実を意識したものとなっている。
- However, unlike 'Genji Monogatari' which begins 'in a certain era,' 'Sagoromo Monogatari' begins with 'The springtime of youth does not stop, for it is already around the 20th day of the third month' (Yuhodo Bunko), which is based on a Chinese poem and a famous poem from 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) and depicts Sagoromo's anguish caused by his unrequited love for his younger female cousin Genji no Miya while being true to reality.
- (『水鏡』では、光仁天皇が皇后と賭け事で「自分が勝ったら后に絶世の美女を紹介してもらおう。自分が負けたら后に若く逞しい男性を与えよう」と言い、結果皇后の勝ちであったために息子の山部親王(後の桓武天皇)を差し出したところ、皇后が若い親王に夢中になってしまったのが事件の原因であるという話が見える)
- ('Mizu Kagami' [The Water Mirror] contains a story that Emperor Konin told the empress, 'if I win, you give me a lady of great beauty. If I loose, I give you a young and strong man,' and the empress won, so his son Imperial Prince Yamanobe (later Emperor Kanmu) was introduced to her, and she got so attracted to the young prince, causing the incident.
- しかし学会設立の要因に際しては、先述のような東京大学内部の事情のみならず、当時大日本帝国憲法草案をほぼ完成していた伊藤博文が渡辺洪基(総長)に対し「大(おおい)ニ国家学ノ研究ヲ振興シ、普(あまね)ク国民ヲシテ立憲ノ本義ト其運用トヲ知ラシムルコトガ極メテ必要デアル」と助言したこと大きく関わっている。
- However, as for the factor of foundation of it, not only internal circumstances at the University of Tokyo previously noted, but also that Hirobumi ITO who almost completed a draft of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan at that time advised to Koki WATANABE (president), 'The study on the science of the nation should be immensely encouraged, and we extremely need to inform people of underlying principle and implementation of constitution widely.' were deeply related to.
- すなわち「八宗九宗」の中にキリシタンを加えているのも含め、イエズス会を本願寺や金剛峯寺と同様に、信仰の保護と所領の給付と引換に秀吉による政治的支配に服属させる意図があったと考えられており、歴史学者の安野眞幸は「キリスト教のイデオロギーと秀吉政権の統一思想との衝突」が原因ではなかったかと述べている。
- That is, including Christians in the addition of 'eight schools and nine schools,' it was probably intended to place the Society of Jesus under Hideyoshi's political dominance in exchange for protection of faith and grant of a domain as in the case of Hongan-ji Temple and Kongobuji Temple, and Historian Masaki ANNO said that the cause could be 'a conflict between the Christian ideology and the unification concept of the Hideyoshi regime.'
- また『源氏物語』に一見すると欠落している部分が存在するように見えたりするのは武田説が主張するような複雑な成立の経緯が存在するために起きた現象なのではなく、物語の中に意図的に「描かれていない部分」を設けることによって全てを具体的に描くより豊かな世界を構成しようとする構想上の理由が原因であるとするもの。
- The existence of the apparent missing part in 'The Tale of Genji' is not because of the complicated compositional process as TAKEDA claims, but it is due to the construction of a rich world by intentionally having 'an undescribed part' instead of describing everything in detail.
- 遠景の後について、中原親能・武藤資頼が継いだとする説もあるが、瀬野精一郎は、遠景後の後継者について諸説あることをまとめた上で、「鎮西奉行は一般的呼称にすぎず、鎌倉幕府の正式な官職名ではなかったとする説(佐藤進一説)もあるごとく、その性格がなお不明瞭な点が多いことに起因しているといえる」と指摘している。
- There are theories stating that NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi and Sukeyori MUTO succeeded the post of Chinzei Bugyo after Tokage, but alluding to the existence of numerous theories regarding the successor of Tokage, Seiichiro SENO (Japanese historian) points out that, 'The Chinzei Bugyo was nothing but a common title and we can say that this is due to its vague nature as a job as there are theories denying it an official title (theory purported by Shinichi SATO).'
- もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ(後にアメリカ合衆国も)で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず(理系軽視)、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
- Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.
- 江南軍のほとんどが嘗ての南宋の兵であり、放っておけば社会不安の要因となる彼らを厄介払いする目的もあったと言われる杉山正明の一連の著作、『中国史3』P449など(山川出版社)(それを裏付けるように、モンゴルの司令官たちが乗った船は一隻も沈んでおらず、江南軍に従軍した兵士達の墓も旧南宋の領内では確認されていない)。
- According to a series of books written by Masaaki SUGIYAMA and page 449 of 'Chugokushi 3' (The History of China, Volume 3) (published by Yamakawa Shuppansha) says that a purpose for organizing most of the Southern Yangtze Army with soldiers from the former Southern Sung Dynasty was to get rid of them, and they would cause social anxiety if left alone (in fact, to support this idea, no ship in which Mongol commanders were on board sank, and tombs of the soldiers joined in the Southern Yangtze Army have not been found in the former territory of the Southern Sung Dynasty).
- 松本隆海は、すべてが鉱毒が原因だとはいえないかもしれないが、当時の日本は出生数のほうが多いにもかかわらず、死者数のほうが多いのは、鉱毒に関連があるとしている(実際には、鉱毒が原因で貧困となり、栄養状態が悪化して死亡した者が多く含まれていると考えられるが、田中正造や松本はこれらも鉱毒による死者とすべきだとしている)。
- Ryukai MATSUMOTO says that it may not be said all the deaths were caused by the mining pollution, however, since there were a greater number of deaths than births while there were more births than deaths in Japan at that time, those deaths should be considered to have been caused by the mining pollution (it is considered that in fact among those deaths, many cases were caused by malnutrition, since the people became poor by the mining pollution; however Shozo TANAKA and Matsumoto and others said that those cases should be counted as the victims by the mining pollution).
- 22代清寧天皇のシラカタケヒロクニオシワカヤマトネコ(白髪武広国押稚日本根子、『日本書紀』に因る)のように明らかな和風諡号も見られるが、これはむしろ清寧天皇が後に皇統の列に加えられた架空の天皇である可能性を物語っている(ただし、清寧天皇の和風諡号は実名を基にした物であるため、実在した可能性が高い、とする説もある)。
- An obviously Japanese-style posthumous name can be seen as in Shiraka no takehirokunioshiwakayamatoneko no Sumeramikoto of the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (according to 'Nihonshoki') but this rather suggests a possibility that Emperor Seinei is a fictional Emperor who was later included in the imperial line (however, there is a theory which proposes that there is a high possibility that Emperor Seinei actually existed because his Japanese-style posthumous name is based on a real name).
- また俳人の中には『連句をやると俳句が下手になる』と考えている人も少なからずいるのも原因の一つとも考えられる(一句の中に小宇宙を込める俳句に対して、連句は複数の句のつらなりであるが故に、次の句へのつなぎの余地を作るために、あえて一句の中に全てをこめない作り方をする、という特性から、そのように言われるものと推測される)。
- Moreover, quite a few haiku poets believe that 'composing renku will make my haiku worse,' which is also thought to contribute to renku's relative unpopularity (in a haiku, the poet can express his or her own little complete world, whereas in renku--which are sequences of linked verses, after all--each poet must leave conceptual space for additional thoughts to be added on, and thus cannot express any notion of completeness in any one verse; this is thought to be why many haiku poets look down on renku).
- 江戸時代の安永 (元号)3年(1774年)、因幡国法美郡稲葉郷宮下村(現鳥取県鳥取市国府町 (鳥取県)宮ノ下)にある無量光寺 (鳥取市)の裏山(宇部野山。現稲葉山)中腹から、長さ140cm、幅86cm、厚さ47cmの2枚の凝灰岩で作られた蓋石と台石から成る石櫃が発見され、蓋石の中央には穴を穿って骨壺が納められていた。
- During the Edo period in 1774, a stone burial lid made from two pieces of tuff with 140 cm length, 86 cm wide, and 47 cm thickness, and a cist made from anvil stone were found on the hillside at the back of the Muryoko-ji Temple in Miyashita Village, Inabago, Homi County, Inaba Province (present-day Miyanoshita, Kokufu Town, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture), and there was a cinerary urn buried in the center hole of the stone burial lid.
- 文永の役については現在では壊滅的な被害があったかについても含め多くの疑問が持たれているが、弘安四年七月三十日から翌閏七月一日(1281年8月15日 - 8月16日)にかけては京都でも激しい風雨に見舞われたことが日記類などの記録にあるため、弘安の役での東路・江南両軍の壊滅の原因は台風であるとの説は現在でも有力視されている。
- Nowadays, there are many doubts about Bunei no Eki, including whether there was any serious damage, but what destroyed both armies of the Eastern Route and Southern Yangtze in Koan no Eki is still now widely considered to have been a typhoon, because there are diaries and records stating that even Kyoto had a furious storm from August 15, 1281 to August 16.
- この時、薩軍の猛将永山弥一郎は「諸君何ぞ斯(かく)の如く怯なる、若し敵をして此地を奪はしめんか、熊本城外の我守兵を如何にせん、大事之に因て去らんのみ、生きて善士と称し、死して忠臣と称せらるゝは唯此時にあり、各死力を尽し刀折れ矢竭(つ)き而して後已(やまん)」(『薩南血涙史』)と激励したが、戦況を逆転することはできなかった。
- In this battle, Yaichiro NAGAYAMA, a brave general of the Satsuma army, encouraged his warriors through the following appeal but could not change the battle situation to their advantage: 'Why are you so cowardly?; If we allowed the enemy to seize this place, how the soldiers stationed outside Kumamoto Castle would become?; Only what is important is to defend this place to the last; It is for that achievement that you are to be praised as a good warrior, if alive, or a loyal retainer, if dead; Fight desperately until all of our weapons are used up' (according to 'Satsunan Ketsurui-shi' (the history of Satsunan full of blood and tears)).
- このため、安政5年(1858年)の日米修好通商条約締結の際、約8.6グラムの質量を持つ一分銀は偶然にも質量としての一両の約1/4であることから額面通り銀1/4両であり、中国の銀一両の約3/4の質量である1ドル銀貨=一分銀3枚という日本側に不利な交換比率を主張する口実をタウンゼント・ハリスに与えることになり、小判流出の一因となった。
- When the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan was concluded in 1858, the fact that about 8.6-gram ichibu-gin was coincidentally equivalent to around one fourth ryo in weight, which was worth of one fourth ryo of silver at face value, provided Townsend Harris with the excuse of insisting unfavorable exchange rate for Japan that three ichibu-gin coins changed one-dollar silver coin which was about three fourth weight of Chinese one ryo of silver and led koban flow out.
- 裏切りの原因については、勝頼との対立の他に、かつての武田義信によるクーデター事件が関係しているとも(弟信邦は義信側に味方したことにより自害)、妻の見性院が諏訪氏の血を引く勝頼よりも、自らが生んだ穴山信治(勝千代)の方が武田家当主に相応しい(信治は武田氏の血を3/4継いでいる)と夫に勧めたためだとも言われるが、いずれにせよ確証はない。
- Other than conflicts with Katsuyori, the reason for the betrayal was said that the coup incident by Yoshinobu TAKEDA played a role (his brother Nobukuni took sides with Yoshinobu, leading to suicide), or that his wife Kenshoin suggested to her husband that her real son Nobuharu ANAYAMA (Katsuchiyo) was more suitable as the head of the Takeda family (Nobuharu was three-quarters Takeda clan blood) rather than Katsuyori who was from a line of the Suwa clan--but all such theories lack conclusive evidence.
- 地球温暖化の地球温暖化の原因となる、温室効果ガスの一種である二酸化炭素 (CO2)、メタン (CH4)、亜酸化窒素 (N2O)、フロン類類 (HFCs)、フロン類類 (PFCs)、六フッ化硫黄(SF6) について、先進国における削減率を1990年を基準として各国別に定め、共同で約束期間内に目標値(削減目標参照)を達成することが定められた。
- As for the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), Fluorocarbons (HFCs, PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are the causes of global warming, developed countries agreed to set reduction rates of emissions with respect to the 1990 levels respectively, and collaboratively aim to achieve the target rates within the committed period (see the reduction target).
- これは当時日本で一国ほどの価値があるとされた茶器や陶器を作り出す陶工を大名が藩の庇護の下、士分を与えるなど手厚い待遇をしていたのに比べ、李氏朝鮮では儒教思想による身分制において陶工は最下層の賤民に位置づけられ、奴隷的な労働を強いられるとともに、失策を犯した場合には体罰を課せられるという過酷な状況にあり、職人に対する根源的な差別があったことが原因である。
- The reason is considered as follows: In Japan at that time, potters who produced chaki (tea utensils) and earthenware, considered having a value equal to that of a province, were treated favorably, for example, given the samurai status, but in Yi Dynasty Korea, potters were designated as humble or lowly people with the lowest social status in the social status system based on the Confucian thought: They were forced to work like slaves and were placed in such harsh conditions that they were punished physically when committing an error, or in other words, there existed fundamental discrimination against craftsmen.
- さらに作業を進めていく中で、源氏物語本文の写本ごとの異なりが当時一般に言われていたような「源氏物語の本文には、写本や版本によって単純な写し間違いなどに起因すると見られる細かい差異は多数存在するものの、文の意味や話の筋立てに影響を及ぼすような違いはほとんど存在しない」という状況ではなく、古注の解釈の上でも無視できない差異がしばしば見られることが明らかになった。
- While he was making work progress further, he noticed that a common view which was believed in those days about the differences among the manuscripts of The Tale of Genji was wrong; it was said that 'there are a lot of tiny differences among the manuscripts and woodblock books of The Tale of Genji, which were due to simple mistakes made in copying, but there is almost nothing which affects the meanings of sentence or the plot.'
- この中で日蓮は災害の原因を人々が正法である法華経を信じずに浄土宗などの邪法(邪悪な教え)を信じているからであるとして対立宗派を非難し、法華経だけではなく鎮護国家の聖典とされた金光明最勝王経なども引用しながら、このまま浄土宗などを放置すれば国内では内乱、外国からは侵略を受けると唱え、逆に正法である法華経を中心とすれば(「立正」)、国家も国民も安泰となる(「安国」)と主張したのである。
- In his treatise, Nichiren criticized other competing Buddhist sects, arguing that these sects, including Jodoshu (Pure Land Buddhism), which led people to believe in false teachings (evil teachings) other than the Lotus Sutra, the only true teachings of Buddhism, were the reason for the disasters, that leaving Jodoshu and other heretical sects unattended would lead to a civil war in Japan and invasion by foreign countries and that the only way to provide the nation and the people with peace and security would be to establish the Lotus Sutra as the true religion.
- 「十五年秋八月 壬戌朔丁卯 百濟王遣阿直岐 貢良馬二匹 即養於輕阪上廄 因以阿直岐令掌飼 故號其養馬之處曰 廄阪也 阿直岐亦能讀經典 及太子菟道稚郎子師焉 於是天皇問阿直岐曰 如勝汝博士亦有耶 對曰 有王仁者 是秀也 時遣上毛野君祖 荒田別 巫別於百濟 仍徵王仁也 其阿直岐者 阿直岐史之始祖也 十六年春二月 王仁來之 則太子菟道稚郎子師之 習諸典籍於王仁 莫不通達 所謂王仁者 是書首等始祖也」
- '十五年秋八月 壬戌朔丁卯 百濟王遣阿直岐 貢良馬二匹 即養於輕阪上廄 因以阿直岐令掌飼 故號其養馬之處曰 廄阪也 阿直岐亦能讀經典 及太子菟道稚郎子師焉 於是天皇問阿直岐曰 如勝汝博士亦有耶 對曰 有王仁者 是秀也 時遣上毛野君祖 荒田別 巫別於百濟 仍徵王仁也 其阿直岐者 阿直岐史之始祖也 十六年春二月 王仁來之 則太子菟道稚郎子師之 習諸典籍於王仁 莫不通達 所謂王仁者 是書首等始祖也'
- 当時の日本人には朝鮮人の肉食文化が野蛮なものに見えたことが原因であるとし、その根拠として『画図入(えずいり)朝鮮来聘記全』内の狂詩における「通信使が寺の中に魚や肉を持ち込んで食い散らかしている」という表現、及び淀藩の資料『朝鮮人来聘記』内の朝鮮聘礼使淀城着来図の絵に描かれたうちの一部(右図)を「通信使一行が町人の飼っている鶏を盗んで逃げようとし、日本人と喧嘩になっている」様子だとしたうえで挙げている。
- It is said that the meat-eating culture of the Koreans looked barbaric to the Japanese at that time and this was one cause of the conflicts, and as grounds for this, the following are listed: There is the expression of 'Tsushinshi brought fish and meat into a temple and ate them littering the place' in a comical poem in 'Ezuiri Chosenraiheikizen' (Descriptions of Korean visits, with pictures), and part of the picture depicting the arrival of Chosen envoy at Yodo Castle in 'Chosenjin Raiheiki' (see the picture on the right), a document in the Yodo province: It is said that this picture depicted the scene where an officer of Tsushinshi who stole a chicken kept by a townspeople was fighting with Japanese while escaping with the chicken.
- 宮内貴久の著物によれば、住居とは生存の拠り所として、最も根本的な施設であり古来より生命や財産を守るための工夫を重ねてきたが天災によって、当時としては不可解な被害(例えば地震)に見舞われていたことから災いの要因を含めた「世界を支配し統括する原理を知りたい」という欲求に晒された結果、住宅に対して、人々が居住生活に求める概念を実体化させて、長い年月を経て培われた知見が規範化され影響力を持ち家相の世界観が生み出されたと述べられている。
- According to a book of Takahisa MIYAUCHI, houses are the most fundamental center of one's existence and from ancient times people have made efforts to protect life or fortune, but natural disasters (eg. earthquakes) were mysterious in those days so they desired to understand 'the principles governing and controlling the world' including factors for disasters, as a result of which the concept of living space materialize, over the years cultivated through knowledge, a standard influencing the construction of a house, from an outlook of the world was produced.
- 中国地方及び四国地方は岡山藩(備前国、現・岡山県南東部)・広島藩(安芸国、現・広島県西部)・長州藩(長門国・周防国、現・山口県のそれぞれ西部・東部)・鳥取藩(因幡国・伯耆国、現・鳥取県のそれぞれ東部及び西部)・松江藩(出雲国、現・島根県東部)、徳島藩(阿波国・淡路国、現・徳島県及び兵庫県淡路島)、高知藩(土佐国、現・高知県)といった国持ち大名が多かった地方であり、非領国地域の支配形態をとり、かつ旗本領が散在するのは備中国(現・岡山県西部)のみである。
- Many kunimochi-daimyo (daimyo with a big territory) were in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions, such as the Okayama clan (Bizen Province, present southeastern part of Okayama Prefecture), the Hiroshima clan (Aki Province, present western part of Hiroshima Prefecture), the Choshu clan (Nagato and Suo Provinces, present western and eastern parts of Yamaguchi Prefecture), the Tottori clan (Inaba and Hoki Provinces, present the western and eastern parts of Tottori Prefecture), the Matsue clan (Izumo Province, present eastern part of Shimane Prefecture), the Tokushima clan (Awa and Awaji Provinces, present Tokushima Prefecture and Awaji-shima Island, Hyogo Prefecture), and the Kochi clan (Tosa Province, present Kochi Prefecture), and only Bitchu Province (present western part of Okayama Prefecture) was in the hi-ryogokuchiiki state where Hatamoto territories were scattered.
- その理由として、御誓文と同時に出された宸翰に出てくる「旧来の陋習」の語がそもそも鎖国攘夷の意味に限定されていないこと、また木戸孝允自身が「打破すべき封建性」「打破すべき閉鎖性」の意味で「旧習」「旧来の陋習」「陋習」という言葉を広く使用していること、また、大久保利通でさえ木戸の「旧来の陋習」と同じ意味のことを「因循の腐臭」とより痛烈に批判していること、つまり、薩長いずれも密留学をさせ倒幕に立ち上がった開明的雄藩であったにもかかわらず長州の木戸より薩摩の大久保のほうが藩主父子・出身藩の内部事情などのためにより批判的にならざるを得ない危険な封建性・閉鎖性をより自覚していたということ(寺田屋事件~西南戦争)、更に、岩倉具視も他の文書で「天地の公道」という全く同じ言葉を万国公法とはおよそ次元の異なる「天然自然の条理というような意味」で用いていることなどが挙げられている。
- As the reason, they explained that the word 'evil customs of the past' in shinkan (Imperial letter) issued at the same time as Charter Oath was not restricted to national isolation as well as expulsion of foreigners, and Takayoshi KIDO himself used the words 'old customs', 'evil customs of the past' and 'conventions' widely as meaning of 'feudalism to be conquered' or 'closed nature to be conquered', and even Toshimichi OKUBO severely criticized the same thing as 'evil customs of the past' mentioned by Kido for 'corrupt smell of old customes', in other word, though both Satsuma and Choshu provided overseas education secretly and were liberal domains led the movement of overthrowing the Shogunate, Okubo from Satsuma recognized more about dangerous feudalism as well as closed nature than Kido from Choshu, Okubo had to criticize more extreme because of internal affair regarding father and son of the lords of his domain and internal circumstances of his domain (The Teradaya Incident - Seinan War), moreover Tomomi IWAKURA also used just the same words 'the laws of Nature' as 'reason of nature' in other document, which meant totally different from international public law.