命: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 倭彦命
- Yamato hiko no Mikoto
- 保命酒
- Homei-shu (medicated liquor)
- 彦狭島命
- Hikosashima no Mikoto
- 稚武彦命
- Wakatakehiko no mikoto
- 磐之媛命
- Iwanohimenomikoto
- Princess Iwa
- 国方姫命
- Princess Kunikatahime
- 大碓命。
- Prince Oousu (大碓皇子) was also written as Oousu no Mikoto (大碓命).
- 倭姫命説
- The Theory of Yamato Hime no Mikoto
- 日女命説
- The Hime Mikoto Theory
- 南朝の延命
- The prolongation of the Southern Court
- 源実朝落命
- The death of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo;
- 彦人大兄命
- Hikohitooe no mikoto
- 倭迹迹姫命
- Princess Yamatototo Hime
- 長期生命予後
- long-term prognosis
- 父は大彦命。
- Her father was Obiko no Mikoto.
- 千千速比売命
- Princess Chichihaya Hime
- 御真津比売命
- Princess Mimatsuhime
- 千千衝倭姫命
- Princess Chichitsuku Yamatohime
- 渟名城入媛命
- Princess Numaki iribime
- 十市瓊入媛命
- Princess Tochini iribime
- 倭迹迹稚屋姫命
- Princess Yamatototo Wakaya Hime
- 母は高城入姫命。
- His mother was Takakinoirihime.
- 母は、欝色謎命。
- The mother of Princess Yamatototo Hime was Utsushikome no Mikoto (she was the Empress of the Emperor Kogen).
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命
- Yamatototohimomosohime no mikoto
- 母は、伊香色謎命。
- The mother of Princess Mimatsuhime was Ikagashikome no Mikoto.
- 信長の遺児達の運命
- Fate of orphans of Nobunaga
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命説
- The Theory of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto
- 褰帳命婦の略である。
- It stands for kencho no myobu (woman serving for ceremonies such as enthronement ceremony).
- 現在も存命中である。
- He is alive at present.
- 御真津姫命とも書く。
- Princess Mimatsuhime (御真津比売命) was also written in this way, Mimatsuhime no Mikoto (御真津姫命).
- 11月、ドイツ革命。
- The German Revolution broke out in November.
- 同母兄に八坂入彦命ら。
- Prince Yasakairibiko was a maternal half-brother of Princess Tochini iribime.
- 岩倉具視:特命全権大使
- Tomomi IWAKURA:Tokumei-zenken-taishi (extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador).
- ふぐは食いたし命は惜しし
- honey is sweet, but the bee stings
- I would like to taste fugu, but I value my life
- hesitating from doing something because of fear of consequences
- 1911年- 辛亥革命。
- 1911: Xinhai Revolution broke out.
- 沼名木之入日売命とも書く。
- Princess Numaki iribe (渟名城入媛命) was also written as unakiiribime no Mikoto (沼名木之入日売命).
- 1917年- ロシア革命。
- 1917: The Russian Revolution broke out.
- 一部の地方官の任命も行った。
- Some provincial officials were also appointed.
- 命婦 讃岐 → 伊豆新島配流
- Myobu (lower class court lady) Sanuki to be banished to Nii-jima Island of Izu
- 勝元は義政の命を守って沈黙。
- Katsumoto obeyed Yoshimasa's order and remained silent.
- 王命の外、何ぞ私威を施さん。
- There shall be no granting of private dominion over land apart from an imperial order.'
- 同母兄に八坂入彦命らがいる。
- Prince Yasakairibiko was his maternal half-brother of Princess Nunaki iribime.
- 主祭神:小野大神=天下春命)
- Main enshrined deity (主祭神): Ono-no-okami (Amanoshitaharu-no-mikoto)
- 立太子式の役人を任命する除目。
- A jimoku for appointing officials for the ceremonial of investiture of the Crown Prince.
- 吉備島皇祖母命と尊称を受ける。
- She was granted the honorific title 'Kibi no shima sumeramioya no mikoto'.
- そして、新たな隊名を拝命する。
- On this occasion, they were granted a new group name.
- その後、林は救命処置で助かった。
- After that, Hayashi escaped death due to emergency medical care.
- 慶長勅版:後陽成天皇の勅命で印刷
- Keicho Chokuhan (慶長勅版): Printed upon the order of Emperor Goyosei
- 景行天皇の子で、母は八坂入媛命。
- He was the son of Emperor Keiko, and his mother was Yasakairibine no mikoto.
- そして、氏清と満幸に討伐を命じた。
- Therefore, Yoshimitsu ordered Ujikiyo and Mitsuyuki to subjugate them.
- 仁徳天皇の皇子で、母は、磐之姫命。
- He was the Imperial prince of Emperor Nintoku, and his mother was Iwanohime no mikoto.
- 妻中蒂姫命との間に眉輪王を儲ける。
- With his wife, Princess Nakashi, he had Prince Mayowa.
- 天穂日命神社(京都市山科区石田町)
- Amenohohinomikoto-jinja Shrine (Ishida-cho, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City)
- 1642年に清教徒革命が起こった。
- In 1642, the Puritan Revolution broke out.
- 健磐龍命は神八井耳命の子とされる。
- Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto is believed to be a child of Kamuyaimimi no mikoto.
- 源頼朝、征夷大将軍任命(1192年)
- 1192: MINAMOTO no Yoritomo is named Seii taishogun.
- 『古事記』では夜麻登登母母曾毘売命。
- According to 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), she was Yamatotomomosobime no Mikoto.
- 天児屋命(アメノコヤネ)を祖とする。
- The family was descended from Amenokoyane.
- この日女命を卑弥呼と音訳したとする。
- It is assumed that this 'Hime Mikoto' was transliterated into simply 'Himiko.'
- 速瓶玉命を祭った国造神社が存在する。
- There is in fact the Kokuzo-jinja Shrine that enshrines Hayamikatama no mikoto.
- この結果、元命は国司を罷免されている。
- As the result, Motonaga was dismissed of Kokushi.
- 明治安田生命京都ビル - 交差点北西角
- Meiji Yasuda Seimei Kyoto Building - Northwest corner of the intersection
- 井門明治安田生命ビル - 交差点南西角
- Imon Meiji Yasuda Seimei Building - Southwest corner of the intersection
- 山号は帰命山、開山は専蓮社誉能公上人。
- The sango is Kimyozan and the kaisan is Senrenja Shoyo Noko Shonin (Priest Senrenja Shoyo Noko).
- 松平信康(嫡男、後に切腹を命じられる)
- Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, who was Ieyasu's legitimate son, and was later orderd to perform seppuku.
- 三職に任命されたのは以下の人物である。
- The following people were assigned to the three major governmental posts.
- 天皇は勅を下して伴善男の取調べを命じた。
- The Emperor issued an Imperial edict and ordered an investigation of TOMO no Yoshio.
- 安寧天皇の第一皇子で、母は渟名底仲媛命。
- He was the first Imperial prince of Emperor Annei, and his mother was Nunasokonakatsuhime no mikoto.
- 異母兄弟に垂仁天皇、豊城入彦命らがいる。
- The paternal half-brothers of Princess Nunaki iribime were The Emperor Suinin and Prince Toyokiiribiko.
- The paternal half-brothers of Princess Tochini iribime were The Emperor Suinin and Prince Toyokiiribiko.
- 平均寿命:男性77.1歳、女性84.4歳
- Average life expectancy: male 77.1-years, female 84.4-years old.
- 和氏と顕氏は、尊氏の命により四国に渡る。
- Kazuuji and Akiuji traveled to Shikoku with an order of Takauji.
- 京都・松尾寺 (舞鶴市) 普賢延命菩薩像
- Image of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu, Matsunoo-dera Temple (Maizuru city), Kyoto
- その代わり、年貢の究済(完納)を命じる。
- In exchange, the law required full payment of nengu (land tax).
- 諸国の国司など地方官である外官を任命した。
- Gekan including kokushi (provincial governors) of provinces were appointed.
- それで、当初は「徳政禁止」の命令も出した。
- Accordingly, the bakufu initially issued orders to forbid tokusei.
- 異母兄弟に豊城入彦命、八坂入彦命らがいる。
- Her paternal half-brothers were Prince Toyokiiribiko, Prince Yasakairibiko, and so on.
- The paternal half brothers of Princess Chichitsuku Yamatohime were Prince Toyokiiribiko and Prince Yasakairibiko.
- 明治天皇の命で1869年(明治2年)創建。
- It was founded by the order of the Emperor Meiji in 1869.
- そして事実上中央の命に拠らず藩を領有した。
- They effectively controlled the domain, independent of the command from the central government.
- その後龍馬は胸など数カ所を斬られついに絶命。
- Then he was stabbed in several places, including his chest and died.
- 彼ら備の構成員は大名の命によるものであった。
- The personnel was organized into a sonae as an order by the daimyo.
- 師元の姓「中原」と官「外記」を合わせて命名。
- The title was named by combing the last name of Moromoto 'NAKAHARA' and his office 'Geki' (secretary).
- 中大兄皇子は衛門府に命じて宮門を閉じさせた。
- Prince Naka no Oe ordered gate guards to close the palace gates.
- そもそも、健磐龍命とは、火山そのものである。
- What Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto really was to start with was a volcano.
- 密に寺社に命じて義時調伏の加持祈祷が行われた。
- He secretly commanded temples and shrines to begin incantations and prayers to curse Yoshitoki.
- 倭日子命(古事記)、倭彦王子(続日本紀)とも。
- He was described as Yamatohiko no mikoto (Kojiki [The Records of Ancient Matters]) and 'Yamatohiko no miko' (Shoku Nihongi [Chronicle of Japan Continued]).
- 長命を全うし、明治26年(1893年)に卒去。
- She lived long and passed away in 1893.
- 異母兄弟に孝元天皇、倭迹迹日百襲媛命らがいる。
- The Emperor Kogen and Princess Yamatototo Himomoso Hime were the paternal half-brother and sister of Princess Chichihaya Hime.
- またその次の「天世斗命」を壹與と同定している。
- He also identified the next generation, 'Amanoyoto no Mikoto,' with Toyo.
- この年、藤原不比等らに命じて、律令を撰定する。
- In this year, FUJIWARA no Fuhito was ordered to select Ritsuryo.
- 明治三十八年十一月十七日 特命全權公使 林權助
- HAYASHI GONSUKE, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, the 17th day of the 11th month of the 38th year of Meiji.
- 更に、船場 (大阪市)の堀の埋め立ても命じた。
- In addition, he gave orders to reclaim the moat in Senba (Osaka City).
- 戸長は民選の後、府県知事の任命により就任した。
- The Kucho was elected by the public and then appointed by the Prefecture governor.
- 学校法人立命館 教育文化事業部 歴史回廊推進室
- Historic Corridor Promotion Office, Department of Education and Culture, Gakko Hojin Ritsumeikan
- 更に従来の命令とは違って細かい規制が加えられた。
- Furthermore, unlike traditional orders, detailed regulations were added.
- そうでないなら力の限り戦え」と命じたと言われる。
- But if he is not personally in command, fight with all your might.'
- 成親は重盛室の兄という理由で、特別に助命された。
- Narichika, owing to the fact that he was the brother of Shigemori's wife, was specially granted clemency.
- しかし何故か上野だけは「上野守」を任命している。
- In the case of Kozuke Province, however, he appointed 'Kozuke no kami' (governor of Kozuke Province), though its reason is not clear.
- 伊賀兼光・結城親光・高師直などが任命されている。
- The people such as Kanemitsu IGA, Chikamitsu YUKI, KO no Moronao were appointed to the post.
- 孝元天皇の皇子大彦命を祖先とする臣籍降下である。
- The Abe clan's status was demoted from being a member of the Imperial Family to that of its subject, and was a descendant of Obiko no Mikoto, the son of the Emperor Kogen.
- 古くは、賀茂武角身命の一族が居住した地域である。
- It is also the area where the family of Kamotaketsunomi no mikoto lived in ancient times.
- この年、若年寄を命ぜられ名乗りを出羽守に改める。
- In the same year, he was assigned the position of wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in Edo bakufu)and chaged his post name to Dewa no kami.
- さらに、「勧善懲悪ヲ主トス」ることも命じられた。
- Further, it was ordered that the story of Noh should be based on 'the concept of kanzen choaku' (rewarding good and punishing evil).
- 「凡そ近日の天下武士の外、一日存命の計略無し。」
- Basically, these days in Kyoto, people other than samurai cannot find a way to survive for just one day.
- 天皇は左大弁橘広相に命じて二度目の詔勅を出した。
- The Emperor ordered Sadaiben (major controller of the left) TACHIBANA no Hiromi to issue the second shochoku.
- 立后等のとき皇后、中宮に関する官人を任命する除目。
- A jimoku for appointing officials related to the empress and the second consort of the emperor at investiture of the Empress and the like.
- 後醍醐天皇は新田義貞や北畠顕家に尊氏討伐を命じる。
- Emperor Godaigo commanded Yoshisada NITTA and Akiie KITABATAKE to hunt down and destroy Takauji.
- 絶海中津からの報告を受けた義満は義弘討伐を命じた。
- Yoshimitsu, after hearing Chushin ZEKKAI's report, issued an order to hunt down and destroy Yoshihiro.
- 初代問注所執事(長官)には、三善康信が任命された。
- Yasunobu MIYOSHI was appointed as the first head of the Monchujo.
- 領家は、開発領主を現地管理者として荘官に任命した。
- Ryoke appointed Kaihatsu-ryoshu as shokan (an officer governing shoen) to play the role of local managers.
- 子に品陀真若王(応神天皇の皇后仲姫命の父)がいる。
- Homudamawaka no miko (the father of Nakatsuhime no mikoto, who was the empress of Emperor Ojin) was his child.
- 父の命で、伊予を統治し、伊予皇子という別名をもつ。
- Since he reigned Iyo Province by the order of his father, he was known by another name, Imperial prince of Iyo.
- 紀元前92年に、天皇の命により、倭大国魂神を祀る。
- In B.C 92, the Emperor Suinin ordered Princess Numakiiribe to worship 'Yamato no Ookuni Tamanokami (a Japanese God appearing in Japanese Mythology).'
- 鎌倉時代には御家人となって駿河国守護に任命された。
- Nobuyoshi became gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) during the Kamakura period and was appointed to shugo (military governor) of Suruga Province.
- 東国等の国司に戸籍調査や田畑の調査を命じたとある。
- The emperor ordered provincial governors in the eastern provinces to survey family registers and land.
- この頃より、鎮守府将軍はほぼ4年ごとに任命された。
- Around this time, the Chinju-fu shogun started to be appointed around every four years.
- 広島・持光寺 普賢延命菩薩像仁平3年(1153年)
- Image of Fugen Enmei Bosatsu, Jiko-ji Temple, Hiroshima (in 1153)
- いずれも御家人を地頭へ任命するという形で行われた。
- Both were performed by appointing gokenin as Jito.
- 藤原良相は源信の逮捕を命じて兵を出し、邸を包囲する。
- FUJIWARA no Yoshimi ordered the arrest of MINAMOTO no Makoto, and so soldiers were sent and his house besieged.
- なお、天皇の命令を伝える文書に宣旨・綸旨などがある。
- Documents that convey imperial orders include imperial decrees and rinji (the Emperor's command).
- 陰陽師安倍晴明もこのうちの天文博士に任命されている。
- The Onmyoji ABE no Seimei was assigned to one of the institution's Tenmon Hakase.
- なお、4月25日は「業祖」蘇我理右衛門の命日である。
- Incidentally, April 25 is the death day of Riemon SOGA, the 'founder of business.'
- 母は中蒂姫命(なかしひめのみこと。履中天皇の皇女)。
- The mother of Prince Mayowa was Princess Nakashi, (中蒂姫命, Nakashi no Mikoto; she was a princess of the Emperor Richu.)
- しかし、密通して復命せず、天皇の恨みを買ってしまう。
- However, Prince Oousu committed adultery with one lady (or the ladies) and did not complete his mission, incurring the Emperor Keiko's ill will.
- 第11代垂仁天皇の皇子、意知別命を祖とするとされる。
- The Ozuki clan is believed to have originated with OCHIWAKE no Mikoto, an Imperial Prince of the eleventh Emperor Suinin.
- 執権北条氏が幕府の実権を握った後も命脈を保っていた。
- The clan kept surviving after the Regent Hojo clan took over power of the Shogunate.
- 慶応元年 (1865年)、政務輔翼を命じられている。
- In 1865, he was appointed an assistant of political affairs.
- 「太乙を体して位に登り、景命を膺けて以て元を改む。」
- Having advanced the rank, I have been assigned to change the era name with my heart and soul.'
- 河尻秀隆は武田旧臣の一揆により落命することとなった。
- Hidetaka KAWAJIRI was killed by an uprising of old retainers of the Takeda clan.
- 対毛利戦線の最前線で身命を賭し、尼子氏再興を目指した。
- They fought in the front line of the battle against the Mori clan without regard for their lives in the hope of restoring the Amago clan.
- そのため幕府が度々諸大名に配下の徹底管理を命じている。
- The bakufu often ordered feudal lords to thoroughly supervise samurai under their command.
- 幕府はこれに窮し、管領畠山満家に命じて制圧に乗り出す。
- The pinched bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ordered Mitsuike HATAKEYAMA, kanrei (shogunal deputy) to repress them.
- 同母兄弟に、倭迹迹日百襲媛命、彦五十狭芹彦命らがいる。
- Her maternal half-brothers were Princess Yamatototo Himomoso Hime and Prince Hikoisaseribiko.
- 賀茂武角身命は平安京ができる以前に山城地域を開拓した。
- It was Kamotaketsunomi no mikoto who developed the Yamashiro area prior to the establishment of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto).
- このため、信隆は北条氏綱の元へと亡命することとなった。
- As a result, Nobutaka fled to Ujitsuna HOJO for shelter.
- この家紋に因んで、すずめ踊りや笹かまぼこが命名された。
- Suzume odori (sparrow dance) and Sasa-kamaboko (a bamboo-leaf-shaped fish cake) were named after the crest.
- 命中精度も高かったため、両軍の主力銃として用いられた。
- This type of rifle was used both by the bakufu and the imperial forces as the accuracy of fire was high.
- 戦争の終わりが見えると、8月16日に帰郷命令を受けた。
- With the end of the war in sight, Tondenhei received the order to go home on August 16.
- 貴族院議員には通算10人の朝鮮人議員が任命されている。
- Ten Korean members in total were appointed the House of Peers.
- 尊氏はこれを受けて守護や諸国の武士に命令を下している。
- On receiving those documents, the Takauji gave orders to the Shugo (provincial governor) and samurai all over Japan.
- また三浦の辺将に中央高官を任命し厳重な取締りを行わせた。
- The Dynasty also appointed a higher official of the central government to be the hensho of Sanpo in order to strengthen their control.
- 天保6年(1835年)父帝仁孝天皇の命で桂宮を継承する。
- In 1835, the prince became the head of the Katsura-no-miya family under the order of his father, the Emperor Ninko.
- 安寧天皇の第三皇子である磯城津彦命が源流と言われている。
- It is said that the clan was descended from Shikitsuhiko no Mikoto, the third prince of Emperor Annei.
- 8月4日に動員が命令され、充員のため屯田兵も召集された。
- Mobilization was ordered on August 4, and tondenhei were summoned for filling up vacancies.
- また丁汝昌提督の最期の希望を聞き届け、清国兵を助命する。
- He also followed the last desire of Commodore Ding Ruchang and saved the lives of solders.
- 1647年には対馬藩が任命した館主が常駐するようになった。
- In 1647, the manager appointed by Tsushima clan began residing in the wakan.
- 近衛中将に代々任命された羽林家とよばれる武官の家柄の公家。
- The family was an Urin family, which meant having the status of military officers at court, and would supply Konoe Chujo, the Lieutenant Generals of the Imperial Guard.
- そして、大臣の助命嘆願も空しく、諸共に焼き殺されたという。
- In spite of a plea by Tsubura no Okimi for sparing their lives, they were burned to death.
- 京都嵐山の風景に似ていたことから本多静六により命名された。
- The town was named by Seiroku HONDA because its scenery resembles that of Arashiyama in Kyoto.
- 6代将軍足利義教は持氏追討を命じ、持氏は自刃(永享の乱)。
- The sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA issued an order to hunt down and kill Mochiuji, and Mochiuji stabbed himself (Eikyo Incident).
- こうして、真里谷氏も庁南の本家と運命をともにするのである。
- Thus, the Mariya clan shared the fate of the main family of Chonan.
- 自己の正義感に囚われて革命運動に呈する者も陽明学徒に多い。
- Those who, driven by a personal sense of justice, affiliated themselves with the revolutionary movement were mostly students of Yomeigaku.
- 陸軍はこれを村田銃と命名して全軍の小銃の切り替えを進めた。
- The Army named it the Murata rifle and they replaced conventional ones in the entire Army.
- その際、自軍に対し「三日分の腰兵糧でよい」と命じたという。
- On that occasion he is said to have told his army to carry three-day army provisions.
- 家康は25日に藤堂高虎・片桐且元を呼び、先鋒を命じている。
- On 25th (the old calendar) Ieyasu called Takatora TODO/Katsumoto KATAGIRI and ordered them to lead the van.
- 戸長は、これら町村会の意思を尊重して府県の知事が任命した。
- Kocho were appointed by prefectural governors, giving due respect to the opinions of these town and village assemblies.
- これを聞いた中巌円月がこの池を「龍躍池」と命名したという。
- Chugan Engetsu who heard the story named the pond 'Ryuyaku-ike Pond' (Pond of the ascending dragon).
- 一方、秀吉は同年9月に毛利氏に出陣を命じ豊前へ向かわせた。
- On the other hand, Hideyoshi ordered the Mori clan to charge forward to Buzen in September of the same year.
- 受領から命令を受けた追捕使が動員したのは、国内武士である。
- The persons who Tsuibushi mobilized based on an order from zuryo were samurai in the province.
- 大臣以外の在京諸官庁の大臣を除く官吏を任命するのを主とした。
- Mainly government officials of ministries in Kyoto except ministers were appointed.
- 王子は持明院統により康仁親王と命名され、同時に親王とされた。
- The prince was named Imperial Prince Yasuhito by the Jimyoin line and was also made Imperial Prince.
- 「大和国」の名は「伊勢国」に対する命名であると言われている。
- The title of this literary work 'Yamato Monogatari' is also believed to have been named after 'Yamato Province,' following 'Ise Monogatari' named after 'Ise Province.'
- 「古事記」「日本書紀」の常津彦某命と同一人物という説がある。
- There is a theory that regards him and Tokotsuhikoiro no mikoto who appears in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' as the same person.
- 天皇に命じられた瑞歯別尊(のちの反正天皇)によって殺された。
- He was murdered by Mizuhawake no mikoto (the later Emperor Hanzei) by the command of the Emperor.
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命を邪馬台国を治めた卑弥呼に比定する説がある。
- There is a theory that identifies Yamatototohimomosohime no mikoto as Himiko, who governed Yamatai-Koku kingdom.
- しかし、1518年以降、備中守護の任命は長く為されなかった。
- However the appointment of Bicchu Shugo was not made for long time on and after 1518.
- 日本側代表は特命全権公使林権助、韓国側代表は外部大臣朴斉純。
- The Japanese representative was Gonsuke HAYASHI, the Envoy Extraordinary; and the Korean representative Che-Soon PARK, the Foreign Minister.
- 3月、山縣が陸軍中将兼近衛都督となる(陸軍卿は任命されず)。
- In March, YAMAGATA became lieutenant general as well as the commander of the imperial guard (the post of the minister was vacant).
- 信貴山中興の祖とされる命蓮という聖の物語が中心となっている。
- The story of hijiri named Myoren who was believed to be the ancestor involved in the Mt. Shigi restoration, is the main story of this emakimono.
- この武者は、平家再興の夢を捨て現地で自ら命を絶ったとされる。
- This samurai is believed to have committed suicide here after giving up his dream to revive the Taira family.
- 不利を悟った義経は敵船の水手・梶取(漕ぎ手)を射るよう命じた。
- Recognizing his perilous disadvantage, Yoshitsune ordered his men to shoot the navigators and oarsmen of the enemy vessels.
- 命蓮の加持祈祷の力で、病の床にあった醍醐天皇の病いが平癒する。
- Emperor Daigo recovers from his illness with the power of incantation and prayer by Myoren.
- その農地の所有権・支配権を握ることが支配階級の生命線であった。
- To own and to take control of agricultural lands was the lifeline for the ruling class.
- 京都市の嵐山に似た風景の谷があることから武蔵嵐山と命名された。
- This town was named Musashi Ranzan because it has a valley of which the scenery resembled that of Arashiyama in Kyoto City.
- 山頂には仁徳天皇の皇后磐之姫命の墓といわれる、鶯塚古墳がある。
- On the mountain top, there is Uguisuzuka-kofun Tumulus, which is said to be the tomb of Iwanohime no mikoto, the empress of Emperor Nintoku.
- 頼朝の尋問に対し法華経を一心に唱え一言も発せず命を差し出した。
- Toshihira kept chanting the Hokke-kyo Sutra sincerely without saying a word during the interrogation by Yoritomo and surrendered his life.
- そして鎌倉幕府御家人として、六波羅探題評定衆に任命されている。
- Then, the family was appointed to a hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) of Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) as a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 鎖国政策は江戸幕府にとってまさに生命線そのものだったのである。
- Seclusionism was the very lifeline of the Edo Bakufu.
- 上記の通り、各国憲法を研究して憲法草案を起草せよと命じている。
- As mentioned above, the emperor ordered the preparation of drafts of a constitution after studies on other countries' constitutions.
- 任命は位の低い官から始まり日を追って高官に進むのが順序であった。
- The appointment started from officials in lower ranks, and proceeded to higher ranks by the day.
- 式部省が諸国の史生、国博士、国医師などの一分の官を任命する除目。
- Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) appointed low ranking local governmental officials whose salary was one bu, such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (political advisor), and Kuniishi (local governmental doctor).
- 保則は小野春風の起用を願い、6月、春風は鎮守府将軍に任命される。
- He requested the appointment of ONO no Harukaze, and in June Harukaze was appointed as the shogun of the chinju-fu (military government post to subdue the Emishi).
- 信長は義昭の名で四方大名へ命令を発布、天下人への道を歩み始める。
- Nobunaga, under the name of Yoshiaki, issued orders to various daimyo beginning to walk through his road to tenkabito (the ruler of the country).
- しかしながら、斬刑などの生命刑・傷害刑はほとんど見られなかった。
- However, the death penalty and punishment that involved pain, such as the capital punishment that involved using a blade, were rarely executed.
- 国方姫命(くにかたひめのみこと、生没年未詳)は、崇神天皇の皇女。
- Princess Kunikatahime (Kunikatahime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Sujin.
- これに伴い、神武天皇以後の歴代天皇の寿命や在位期間も半分となる。
- With that result, life durations and reign periods of successive Emperors after Emperor Jinmu become half.
- また新大陸発見で世界的なインフレーション(価格革命)が発生した。
- Moreover, inflation (price revolution) on a global scale broke out following the discovery of the New World.
- 2月12日に丁汝昌提督は将兵の助命を日本側に懇願して自決をする。
- On February 12, Commodore Ding Ruchang solicited Japan to save lives of solders and committed suicide.
- 以後摂関や太政大臣の任命や更迭に武家執奏が介在するようになった。
- After this incident, bukeshisso came to intervene in the appointment and dismissal of the Sessho (Regent), Kanpaku and Daijodaijin (Grand Minister of State).
- 市杵島姫命(いちきしまひめみこと)を祀り、航海の守護神とされた。
- Ichikishima hime no mikoto was enshrined there, and Ichikishima hime no mikoto was regarded as the protectorate god of journeys across the seas.
- 官吏を任命することから、司召の除目(つかさめしのじもく)ともいう。
- It is also referred to as Tsukasameshi no jimoku because government officials were appointed.
- これを国司苛政上訴といい、尾張国司藤原元命の事例などが有名である。
- Such cases are called Kokushi kasei joso (peasants' appeals or armed struggles against kokushi), among which the case of FUJIWARA no Motonaga, the kokushi in Owari Province, is well known.
- 日本は通信使の一行をとおして先進学問と技術を学ぼうと懸命であった。
- Japan was keen to learn advanced science and technology through the Tsushinshi envoy.
- 兄の吉備津彦命が四道将軍に任命され、西道に赴いたとき、それに従う。
- He followed his older brother, Kibitsuhiko no mikoto, when he was appointed as Shido Shogun (Generals Dispatched to Four Circuits) and proceeded to Nishi no michi (Sanyo circuit).
- 宣下(せんげ)とは、天皇の命令を伝える公文書を公布することである。
- Imperial proclamation is to issue an official document conveying the Emperor's order.
- 御真津比売命(みまつひめのみこと、生没年不詳)は、開化天皇の皇女。
- Princess Mimatsuhime (Mimatsuhime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Kaika.
- 勅(ちょく)は、天皇の言葉、あるいは天皇の命令を直接に伝える文書。
- Choku is the words of the emperor or a document that directly conveys the emperor's order.
- 672年 近江朝、宇治橋守に命じて大海人皇子の私糧運送を妨害させる
- 672: The Omi court ordered a hashimori (bridge guard) for the Uji Bridge to interfere with the transport of food for Prince Oamano.
- 信長の命により丹後国は細川藤孝の領地となり、舞鶴が本拠地となった。
- Through Nobunaga's orders, Tango Province came under the territory of Fujitaka HOSOKAWA, with Maizuru becoming his base.
- 藩は県となって知藩事(旧藩主)は失職し、東京への移住が命じられた。
- Domains became prefectures, and chihanji (former lords) lost their jobs and were ordered to move to Tokyo.
- 新政府は開拓のための最初の仕事として箱館裁判所に山川調査を命じた。
- The first assignment set for Hakodate Court by the new government was to explore mountains and rivers in Ezo to reclaim the land.
- 淵辺群平は、塁を奪還するため夜襲を命じたが、官軍の反撃で退却した。
- Gunpei FUCHIBE commanded the company to make a night attack to recapture the fort, but it was counterattacked by the government forces, being forced to retreat.
- 箸墓古墳(宮内庁指定では倭迹迹日百襲姫命墓)とする説が有力である。
- The dominant theory is that her tomb is the Hashihaka Tumulus (Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto's tomb by designation of the Imperial Household Agency).
- ニコライは右側頭部に9cm近くの傷を負ったが、命に別状はなかった。
- Nicholas was left with a 9 cm long scar on the right side of his forehead, but his wound was not life-threatening.
- この二手の他、紀伊国の浅野長晟に南から大坂に向かうよう命じている。
- Besides these two troops, Ieyasu ordered Nagaakira ASNO in Kii Province to come to Osaka from the south.
- 朝廷からの攘夷願いを無視できず、幕府は形式的な攘夷命令を諸藩に下す。
- Bakufu could not ignore the Imperial Court's request for the expulsion of foreigners, and superficially it ordered various clans to conduct the above.
- そのため、無礼打ちする方・受ける方双方命懸けで臨まねばならなかった。
- Both the attacker and the attacked one had to fight desperately.
- 町人に対しては一般町人は絹以下、下女・端女は布か木綿の着用を命じた。
- Meanwhile, ordinary townspeople were only allowed silk or lower-ranked textile, whereas maid servants and hashitame (lowly maidservants) were limited to hemp or cotton.
- 現四天王寺の北側に磐船神社(饒速日命の降臨地)が元々あったとされる。
- Iwafune-jinja Shrine (place where Nigihaya no mikoto descended to earth) is said to have been located at the north side of the present Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 後醍醐天皇は正成に兵庫で足利軍と戦うよう命じ、援軍として差し向けた。
- Emperor Godaigo ordered Masashige to fight the Ashikaga army in Hyogo and sent reinforcements.
- 彦人大兄命(ひこひとおおえのみこと)または大江王は、古墳時代の皇族。
- Hikohitooe no mikoto or Oeo was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 千千速比売命(ちちはやひめのみこと、生没年不詳)は、孝霊天皇の皇女。
- Princess Chichihaya Hime (Chichihaya Hime no Mikoto; the date of birth and death unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Korei.
- 同年の8月に従三位に昇進し、9月には夫の家治が征夷大将軍を拝命する。
- In August 1760, she was promoted to the title 'Jusani' (the Junior Third Rank); In September of the same year, her husband, Ieharu was appointed as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great General who subdues the barbarians').
- 貞和5年(正平4年、1349年)足利尊氏、次男基氏を鎌倉公方に任命。
- In 1349 Takauji ASHIKAGA appointed his second son Motouji as Kamakura kubo.
- また、政府は713年(和銅3年)には諸国に「風土記」の編纂を命じた。
- In 713, the government ordered to each provision to edit 'Fudoki.'
- 718年(養老2年)藤原不比等らに命じて、養老律令を新たに選定した。
- In 718, FUJIWARA no Fuhito and others were ordered to draft a new Yoro Ritsuryo (Yoro Code).
- 恭謹の徳ある侯王に栄えあれ、寿命を長くし、大吉の福祥あらんことを。」
- May polite and modest Hou Wang (Holy Marquis) flourish, live long, and be brought the biggest luck and happiness.'
- 垂仁天皇の皇子鐸石別命(ぬてしわけのみこと)を祖とすると伝えられる。
- It is said that their patriarch was Nuteshiwakenomikoto, a son of Emperor Suinin.
- 平城上皇の動きを知った嵯峨天皇は坂上田村麻呂に上皇の東向阻止を命じる。
- Emperor Saga, knowing how the Retired Emperor Heizei had responded, ordered SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro to prevent the Retired Emperor from heading for the east.
- 12月には八省卿が新たに任命され、家格の伝統を軽視した人事が行われる。
- In the twelfth month, new lords of the eight ministries were appointed in a reshuffle of the bureaucracy that paid no attention to conventions of family status.
- 15日、基房・師家が解官され、基通が関白・内大臣・氏長者に任命された。
- Motofusa and Moroie were dismissed from their posts on 22nd (15th in old lunar calendar), and Moromichi was appointed to be the Kanpaku, Naidaijin, and Uji no choja (the head of the clan).
- 院宮家は、自らの側近や血縁者を国守・受領に任命することが通例であった。
- It was customary that Innomiya families appointed their close retainers or relatives to kokushu and zuryo.
- 732年(天平4)東海・東山・山陰・西海道に節度使(せつどし)を任命。
- In 732, setsudoshi (military governors) were appointed in Tokaido, Tosando, Sanindo and Saikaido.
- 明智光秀は織田信長より丹波攻略を命じられると、まず亀山盆地に進出する。
- When Mitsuhide AKECHI was ordered to conquer the Tanba region by Nobunaga ODA, he first advanced into the Kameyama Basin.
- 景行天皇40年、蝦夷征伐の命を恐れて逃亡し、美濃国に封ぜられたという。
- According to the 'Nihonshoki,' and other historical books, in 114, Prince Oousu ran away because he was afraid of the order, the Emishi Seito (the conquest of Emishi, who were a group of people living in the northern part of land) and was then confined in Mino Province.
- しかし1608年、幕命により改易され伊賀上野藩20万石は廃藩となった。
- However in 1608, he was deprived of his status as the lord of Ueno Domain by the Shogunate's order, and the Ueno Domain with 200,000 koku was demolished.
- 日本軍の明石元二郎大佐による革命運動への支援工作がこれに拍車をかけた。
- Colonel Motojiro AKASHI's support of the revolutionary movements in Russia spurred the aforementioned situation.
- 同年5月、大和国出陣中の一色義貫と土岐持頼が義教の命により誅殺された。
- In June of the same year, Yoshitsura ISSHIKI and Mochiyori TOKI who had gone into battle to the Yamato Province were killed as criminals by Yoshinori' order.
- クビライは高麗に命じて日本へ侵攻する艦船を作らせ、食糧などを供給した。
- Kublai ordered Goryeo to construct ships to invade Japan, and supplied them with food.
- 追捕を命じられた追捕使は国内の武士を動員し、実際の追捕活動を展開した。
- The Tsuibushi who was ordered to search for and capture gangsters carried out necessary activities by mobilizing samurai in the province.
- 『平家物語』には狼藉停止の命令に対して、このような発言が記されている。
- In 'The Tale of the Heike,' the following statements are found regarding the order to ban violence.
- 唐は黄巣の乱によって致命傷を受け、形骸のみを残して、実質上は滅亡した。
- The Tang Dynasty got a fatal wound from the Huang Chao Rebellion, and even though it still had the outward appearance of being in power, it had, in reality, already fallen.
- 1月20日、頼朝は近江にまで進出させていた範頼、義経に義仲追討を命じた。
- On January 20, Yoritomo ordered Noriyori and Yoshitsune, whom he had moved to Omi, to track down and kill Yoshinaka.
- 場合によっては、荘園領主が命じて名主や預所に勧農を行わせることもあった。
- Sometimes, shoen owners ordered myoshu or azukari dokoro to implement the kanno.
- 儒学者より任命されることが多く天皇即位後は側近として活躍する例もあった。
- Confucian scholars were often appointed to these posts and they sometimes worked as close advisers after the Crown Prince ascended to the throne.
- ところが山崎の方に行くと思いましたのに、そうではなくて京都へ命じられた。
- Akechi was expected to proceed to the Yamazaki region, but instead headed for Kyoto.
- 倭迹迹姫命(やまとととひめのみこと、生没年未詳)は、孝元天皇の第一皇女。
- Princess Yamatototo Hime (Yamatototo Hime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death unknown) was the first princess of the Emperor Kogen.
- これ以降、斎宮頭には、従五位下に相当する位の官人が任命される事となった。
- After this assignment, it became customary that a government official who held Jugoinoge was assigned Saiku no kami.
- 十市瓊入媛命(とおちにいりびめのみこと、生没年未詳)は、崇神天皇の皇女。
- Princess Tochini iribime (Tochini iribime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Suinin.
- 江戸長門・江戸高良らは畠山国清の命により矢口渡で新田義興謀殺に加わった。
- Nagato EDO and 江戸高良 became involved in the killing of Yoshioki NITTA at Yaguchi no Watashi (The Yaguchi Bridge) on Kunikiyo HATAKEYAMA's order.
- 平家に属し、京に滞在していた新田義重は、頼朝討伐を命ぜられ東国に下った。
- Yoshishige NITTA, who had belonged to the Taira family and been staying in Kyoto, was ordered a punitive expedition for Yoritomo, and went down to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
- 一条方が分かれた隙を逃さず、長宗我部元親は残った全軍に一斉渡河を命じた。
- Taking the opportunity as the Ichijo army became divided, Motochika CHOSOKABE ordered the rest of his army to cross the river.
- 1895年から1945年の期間中、日本は19代の台湾総督を任命している。
- During 1895 to 1945, 19 governors-general of Taiwan were appointed.
- 翌年の徳政令廃止とともに二階堂行藤・摂津道厳を頭人に任命して復置された。
- In the next year, it was reestablished with Yukifuji NIKAIDO and SETTSU no Dogen as ossotonin upon the repeal of the Tokuseirei.
- 五山の住持の任命状である公帖は御教書あるいは御内書として発給されている。
- Kojo, an official written appointment to the chief of the gozan (five great Zen temples in Kyoto) was issued either as a Migyosho or Gonaisho.
- 伊東は深手であったが一太刀敵に浴びせ、「奸賊ばら」と叫んで絶命したという。
- Ito received a fatal wound, but he was able to deliver a blow to his assassin and died calling out 'Kanzokubara (traitor)'
- 結果、立命館をはじめ京大以外の関西圏大学法学部の発展を促すことにもなった。
- In the end, it led to the development of law faculties within the Kansai area other than Kyoto University such as Ritsumeikan.
- 彦狭島命(ひこさしま(古事記ではひこさめま)のみこと)は、古墳時代の皇族。
- Hikosashima no Mikoto (Hikosashima [written as Hikosamema in Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters)] no mikoto) was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 『日本紀略』にて天暦三年(949)に皇命にて御屏風八帖を画いたと知られる。
- According to 'Nihon Kiryaku' (a chronological summary of Japanese history), he did a painting on eight folding screens by order of the Emperor in 949.
- 千千衝倭姫命(ちちつくやまとひめのみこと、生没年未詳)は、崇神天皇の皇女。
- Princess Chichitsuku Yamatohime (Chichitsuku Ymatohime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Suinin.
- 同母兄弟に、倭迹迹稚屋姫命、彦五十狭芹彦命らが、異母兄弟に孝元天皇がいる。
- Her maternal half-brothers include Yamatototowakayahime no mikoto and Hikoisaseribiko no Mikoto, and her paternal half-brother was Emperor Kogen.
- 太上皇(たいじょうこう)は、退位した存命の皇帝に送られる尊号のことである。
- The Taijoko is the honorary title given to a retired emperor or empress in his or her life.
- また官位の任命を天皇が行うことにより、豪族に対する天皇の権威向上を図った。
- It also sought to increase the Emperor's authority over powerful clans by having the Emperor directly appoint ranks.
- 4月10日、黒田長官は屯田兵第一大隊、つまりは屯田兵全部隊に出征を命じた。
- On April 10, General KURODA gave orders to the Tondenhiei Daiichi Daitai (First Battalion) or all the Tondeihei troops to go to the war.
- なお、昭和期には海軍大臣人事が問題となって内閣の死命が制せられた例はない。
- Besides this, there was no example of a Cabinet being held up by issues of the Navy Minister's personnel affairs during the Showa period.
- 二人はキリスト教徒として、己の信仰のために命を捧げることを拒絶しなかった。
- They did not refuse to sacrifice their lives for their own religious belief as Christians.
- 末法思想とは、こうした時代区分にもとづく仏法衰滅を説く宿命的歴史観である。
- The thought of Mappo was a destined historical standpoint advocating the deterioration and downfall of Buddhism based on the divided periods mentioned above.
- 中国(唐)では皇太子の命令を伝える文書を令といったが、それが日本に伝わった。
- In China (Tong), a document intended to convey orders of princes was called ryo, which was introduced into Japan.
- 稚武彦命(わかたけひこのみこと)または若日子建吉備津日子命は古墳時代の皇族。
- Wakatakehiko no mikoto or Wakahikotakekibitsuhiko no mikoto was a member of the Imperial family who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 子に吉備武彦命、景行天皇皇后の播磨稲日大郎姫、景行皇妃の伊那毘若郎女がいる。
- His children included KIBI no Takehiko, Harima no inabi no ooiratsume who was the empress of Emperor Keiko, and Inabi no wakairatsume who was the consort of Emperor Keiko.
- 天穂日命の子孫で、大相撲の祖として知られる野見宿禰を先祖とする土師氏の子孫。
- The Sugawara clan is said to be descended from Ameno Hohino Mikoto and the Haji clan, one of whose ancestors was Nomi no Sukune, famous as the pioneer of Sumo.
- 後、母の中蒂姫命は安康天皇の皇后に立てられ、眉輪王は連れ子として育てられた。
- After this incident, Princess Nakashi, the mother of Prince Mayowa, became the Empress of the Emperor Anko; Prince Mayowa was raised as a step child of the Emperor Anko.
- なお同社の伝承によれば、大碓命は美濃に封じられて後、当地方の開拓に尽くした。
- Additionally, according to the traditional story which was passed onward from the founder of the Shrine; after Prince Oousu was confined in Mino Province, he put his efforts into developing this local area.
- まだ敵地の出雲国・伯耆国もしくは石見国に国替えを命ぜられた(『絵本太閤記』)
- He was ordered transference of his fief to Izumo Province, Hoki Province or Iwami Province which was still enemy territory ('Ehon Taikoki').
- 丹波方面の計略を命じられた戦国時代の明智光秀による整備の歴史も語られている。
- There is a story that says that Mitsuhide AKECHI, who was told to plan a strategy for seizing regions in Tanba Province, improved the roads during the warring states period.
- 明治維新後、十五代当主徳川慶喜は謹慎を命ぜられ、徳川家達が養子に立てられた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the fifteenth family head Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was placed under house arrest, and Iesato TOKUGAWA was adopted as a son.
- 小谷城の清水谷にも土佐屋敷(官命にちなむ)と言う名で大野木氏の邸宅跡が残る。
- In Shimizudani, where Odani-jo Castle was located, there is a site of the residence of the Ogino clan called Tosa Yashiki (residence) (named after his official post).
- その報告である「北海道三県巡視復命書」の中で、金子は屯田兵の拡大を提案した。
- KANEKO proposed the expansion of tondenhei in the report of 'Inspection Tour in Three Prefectures of Hokkaido'.
- 翌1883年(明治16年)に伊藤らは帰国し、井上毅に憲法草案の起草を命じた。
- Ito returned to Japan in 1883, and ordered Kowashi INOUE to prepare a constitution draft.
- 原敬首相は、長谷川好道総督を更迭し穏健派の斎藤実総督(海軍大将)を任命した。
- Prime Minister Takashi HARA replaced Yoshimichi HASEGAWA as Sotoku, and appointed moderate Makoto SAITO as Sotoku (Admiral).
- 8月2日、銀鏡にいた部隊は美々津に退却せよとの命令を受け、美々津に向かった。
- On August 2, having received a command to retreat to Mimitsu, the troops in Shiromi moved towards Mimitsu.
- ところが、軍議を終えてすぐに信長は酒井を密かに呼びつけ、作戦の決行を命じた。
- Yet as soon as the war council was over, he secretly called out and ordered Sakai to carry out the operation.
- 2月28日、河尻秀隆は信長から高遠城を攻略のために陣城を築けとの命を受ける。
- On February 28, 1582 Hidetaka KAWAJIRI was ordered by Nobunaga to build a castle as an armed camp in order to attack Takato-jo Castle.
- なお東京都江戸川区にはこの続命院の後継を称する「證大寺」という寺が存在する。
- The Shodai-ji Temple in Edogawa Ward, Tokyo Prefecture claims to have succeeded this shokumeiin.
- 律令制のもとでは大学寮の博士あるいはこれに近い学識を有する人物が任命された。
- Under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), a professor of the Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) or an individual with similar education and experience was appointed to the position of Jidoku.
- いずれも金銅製で、その形については、神代紀の火須勢理命の故事にちなむという。
- The both are gilt bronze-made and those shapes are said to be associated with a tale of Hosuseri no mikoto (a Japanese ancient god who was born in flame) that appears in Jindaiki (Records of period of gods).
- 保則は来降を許したが、元慶3年(879年)1月、朝廷は討伐の強行を命じてきた。
- Yasunori accepted the Ifu's surrender, but in January of the third year of the Gangyo era (879) the Imperial Court ordered him to suppress the Ifu.
- 内容は、概要で述べるごとく、信貴山の中興である命蓮を主人公とした霊験譚である。
- As written in the summary, these are the tales of miraculous efficacy whose main character, Myoren, was the restorer of Mt. Shigi.
- 大毅・少毅(あわせて軍毅という)もまた郡領と同じく在地の首長層から任命された。
- Like gunryo (collective term for the dairyo and shoryo ranks of district manager), daiki and shoki (collectively called gunki) were also appointed from local leaders.
- 勅旨(ちょくし)とは、律令制における天皇の命令書である勅書の一種である公文書。
- Imperial paper is an official document written emperor's order in the Ritsuryo system.
- 倭迹迹稚屋姫命(やまとととわかやひめのみこと、生没年不詳)は、孝霊天皇の皇女。
- Princess Yamatototo Wakaya Hime (Yamatototo Wakaya Hime no Mikoto; her date of birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Korei.
- 光秀は褒章として丹波の国を与えられ、同時にこの城を城代に命じて大改修を行った。
- In appreciation, Mitsuhide received Tanba Province, and subsequently ordered a castle keeper to simultaneously carry out large scale renovations of the castle.
- なお藤孝の長子である忠興は、幼少期に将軍家の命で奥州家細川輝経の養子となった。
- Moreover, the first son of Fujitaka, Tadaoki became adopted child of Terutsune HOSOKAWA of the Oshu family when he was young, with an order of the Shogun family.
- 元禄16年にはさらに5000石の加増があり、結城城築城を命ぜられ城主に列する。
- In 1703, 5,000 koku was added; he was also assigned to be in charge of the erection of Yuki-jo Castle and ranked with the lord.
- 文化7年(1810年)9月父帝光格天皇の命で京極宮を継承し、桂宮の宮号を賜る。
- In September 1810, the prince became the head of the Kyogoku-no-miya famly under the order of his father, the Emperor Kokaku, and was granted Miyago (reigning name) of Katsura-no-miya.
- このため、これらの矛盾を説明するために「八月革命説」が主張されるようになった。
- To resolve the contradiction, 'the August Revolution Theory' was crated.
- 9月、元明天皇はみずから平城の地を視察し、造平城京司の長官ら17名を任命した。
- In September, the Empress Genmei made an inspection of the site of Heijo and appointed 17 officials including the chief of zoheijokyoshi (office for construction of Heijokyo).
- 奉勅公撰であることを示すため、編纂命令(詔勅)が付されることがある(『晋書』)
- In order to show that was compiled by a royal command, imperial rescript to compile was sometimes issued ('Jin shu.')
- 『本朝世紀』は鳥羽上皇の命により、信西入道(藤原通憲)が編纂した歴史書である。
- 'Honcho seiki' is a history book compiled by Shinzei Nyudo (FUJIWARA no Michinori) under orders from Retired Emperor Toba.
- 除目(じもく、じょもく)とは、平安時代中期以降、京官、外官の諸官を任命すること。
- Jimoku (aka Jomoku) refers to a ceremony to appoint officials of kyokan (an official of the Capital) and gekan (a provincial official) after the mid Heian period.
- 毛利側は尼子義久ら尼子一族の生命を保証し、義久らは安芸国に引き取られ幽閉された。
- The Mori side guaranteed the lives of the Amago family including Yoshihisa AMAGO, but Yoshihisa and others were taken away to Aki Province and were placed under confinement.
- 延喜加持の巻で、醍醐天皇の病気を命蓮の加持祈祷の法力で治したという話が語られる。
- The story depicted on the scroll of Engi Kaji no Maki (Exorcism of the Emperor) is that Myoren healed the Emperor Daigo of a disease with the miraculous power of incantation and prayer.
- 院宣(いんぜん)とは、太上天皇からの命令を受けた院司が、奉書形式で発給する文書。
- 'Inzen' is a document which an Inshi (official of the In no cho, or Retired Emperor's Office) issues in a format of hosho (a document informing a decision of the upper ranked personages such as an emperor or shogun) upon direct orders from Daijo Tenno (the Retired Emperor).
- また、啓蒙専制君主と比較して論じる者や、明治維新を市民革命と比較する視点もある。
- There are several viewpoints when comparing the Tennosei to Enlightened despotism or comparing the Meiji Restoration to bourgeois revolutions.
- 嘉彰親王が固辞したため、閏4月5日に、副総督の清水谷公考を改めて総督に任命した。
- However, Prince Yoshiakira flatly refused the appointment, the already-appointed vice governor of Hakodate Court, Kinnaru SHIMIZUDANI, was reappointed as the governor on leap April 5.
- これに基づき、箱館裁判所も24日に箱館府に改称され、清水谷が府知事に任命された。
- According to this system, the Hakodate Court was renamed as Hakodate-fu on 24th with appointment of SHIMIZUDANI as its first governor.
- しかし講和交渉がはじまったため戦地に赴くことなく、5月15日に復員命令を受けた。
- However, they were given orders of demobilization without leaving for battle fronts because peace negotiations were started on May 15.
- 征夷の際には、征夷大使(将軍)や征東大使(将軍)が任命され、征討軍が編成された。
- For expeditions to fight barbarians, Seii Taishi (great general who subdues the barbarians) or Seito Taishi (great general who subdues the eastern barbarians) was appointed and Seitogun (expeditionary force) was organized under him.
- 逆に徳川家康は、残党狩りの命を無視し、先述のように武田の遺臣たちを密かに匿った。
- Contrarily, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA ignored the order to hunt down the remnants, and hid surviving retainers of the Takeda clan in secret as mentioned above.
- 毎年、正月11日からの三夜、公卿が清涼殿の御前に集まり、任命の審議、評定を行った。
- Kugyo (the top court officials) gathered in front of Seiryoden (Literally 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace) to deliberate and assess the appointment for three nights from February 28 (January 11 in old lunar calender) every year.
- そして翌3年(1184年)正月、義仲は征夷大将軍(または征東大将軍)に任命された。
- In January the next year (1184), Yoshinaka was named 'Seii Taishogun' (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') (or 'Seito Taishogun,' literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians').
- 永禄9年(1566年)4月、朝廷は吉田兼右の推挙で義昭を従五位下左馬頭を任命した。
- In April and May 1566, the Court appointed Yoshiaki Samanokami (the head of the section taking care of imperial horses) with a court rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) at the recommendation of Kanemigi YOSHIDA.
- 終には、勝久以下の尼子一門の自害を以って城兵を助命、開城降伏した(上月城の戦い)。
- In the end, the lives of castle defenders were spared in exchange for the suicide of the Amago family including Katsuhisa, and Kozuki-jo Castle surrendered (the Battle of Kozuki-jo Castle).
- 沙汰人は元来、荘園領主や荘官の代理人として、命令や判決を現地で執行する者をさした。
- The word satanin originally meant a person who executed the order or judgment on site, on behalf of the lord of the manor or the shokan.
- 6月(盗賊討伐への出陣、武具乗馬の借用、出陣の命令系統と心得、武具・馬具の名称)、
- June: Departure for the subjugation of robbers, borrowing of weapons and horses, knowledge of departure for battle and of the chain of command, and nomenclature of weapons and harness
- 1478年の畠山氏任命まで、本来、山城国には、名目上の守護しか置かれていなかった。
- Until the time when the Hatakeyama clan was appointed in 1478, only a nominally appointed Shugo had served Yamashiro Province.
- 天平16年(744年)には藤原仲麻呂と共に恭仁宮複都制に任命されるが、翌年没した。
- In 744 he was appointed to Kuninomiya Rusukan (an officer to guard Kuninomiya [currently Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture] while master is away) together with FUJIWARA no Nakama ro, but died in the following year.
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命(やまとととひももそひめのみこと、生没年不詳)は、孝霊天皇の皇女。
- Yamatototohimomosohime no mikoto (date of birth and death unknown) was the Imperial princess of Emperor Korei.
- 愛知県豊田市猿投町の猿投神社は大碓命を主祭神とし、西宮後方にはその墓が伝えられる。
- The Sanage Shrine, located in Sanage-Cho, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, has worshiped Prince Oousu as the shusaijin (main enshrined deities), and there is the tomb as his burial place in the back of the Nishinomiya, inside the Shrine property.
- しかし、吉次峠部隊の被害は甚大で、駒井大尉をはじめ、この攻撃で多くの命が失われた。
- The Kichiji Pass force suffered a great deal of damage, instead, such that a lot of members including Captain KOMAI were killed in the attack.
- 『海部氏系図』に記される、彦火明六世孫、宇那比姫命(うなびひめ)を卑弥呼とする説。
- There is a theory that Unabi Hime no Mikoto, the sixth-generation Hikohoakari mentioned in 'A Family Tree of the Amabe Family,' was Himiko.
- 総督の命令(制令)が司法・行政・立法の全機能を有し、帝国議会の議決は不要とされた。
- The Sotoku's orders (regulations) reserved all the functions of judicial, executive and legislative administration, and voting of the Imperial Diet was unnecessary.
- 旧事本紀には、健磐龍命の子とされる速瓶玉命が初代阿蘇国造であったと記録されている。
- According to 'Kujihoongi' (Ancient Japanese History), Hayamikatama no mikoto, who was Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto's child, was the first Asonokuni no miyatsuko.
- 朝廷に帰順した地方豪族は、神八井耳命の子孫とされる事がままあり、その一例であろう。
- However, it was often the case that a local gozoku that submitted itself to the Imperial Court was considered as a descendent of Kamuyaimimi no mikoto, and the case of Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto is probably one such example.
- 任命の儀式は、年中恒例の行事で通常、春と秋の年二回行われ、春の除目、秋の除目という。
- The ceremony for appointing was an annual event that was usually performed in the spring and the autumn, which were called haru no jimoku and aki no jimoku.
- この地位にはしだいに武士が任命されることが多くなって鎌倉時代の地頭につながっていく。
- Increasingly more samurai were appointed to these positions, leading to the appearance of the jito (manager and lord of manor) position during the Kamakura period.
- 後醍醐は再三帰洛命令を出すが尊氏は無視し、義貞を非難する文書を送り返すだけであった。
- Although the Emperor Godaigo repeatedly ordered Takauji to return to Kyoto, Takauji ignored it and just sent a document criticizing Yoshisada back to him.
- 後期の遣唐使船の多くが風雨に見舞われ、遭難する船も少なくはない命懸けの航海であった。
- They risked their life in sailing because many of the late missions to Tang China encountered storms and went missing.
- そして4月7日、信長は正親町天皇から和睦の勅命が出されたことにより、義昭と和睦した。
- On May 18 (April 7 in old lunar calendar), Nobunaga made peace with Yoshiaki according to Emperor Ogimachi's imperial command of reconciliation.
- 『古事記』では高木郎女、財郎女、久須毘郎女、手白髪郎女、小長谷若雀命、真若王とある。
- In 'Kojiki,' children of Princess Kasuga no Oiratsume were as follows: Takagi no Iratsume, Takara no Iratsume, Kusubi no Iratsume, Tachiraka no Iratsume, Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki no Mikoto, and Mawaka no Miko.
- 江戸時代初期に家康の命令で完全に京都に戻り、征夷大将軍宣下の儀式時には祈祷を行った。
- During the early Edo period, the family returned to Kyoto as ordered by Ieyasu to perform prayers at a ceremony where the emperor gave Ieyasu the title of Seii-taishogun.
- 江戸幕府の支配下、各藩大名に対して参勤交代を強いたり、築城・治水工事を命じたりした。
- Under the control of the Edo bakufu, all daimyo were obliged to participate in Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and to engage in castle construction and flood prevention works.
- そして花隈城花隈城の戦いへと続いていき、ここでも敗れると毛利氏のもとに亡命していく。
- Then, the battle of Hanakuma-jo Castle was conducted and he was defeated again here and exiled himself to the territory of the Mori clan.
- 翌日、脱出した千姫による助命嘆願も無視され、秀頼は淀殿らとともに籾蔵の中で自害した。
- The next day the plea of Senhime, who escaped from the castle, to spare the life of Hideyori being ignored, Hideyori committed suicide with Yodo-dono in an unhulled rice barn.
- これ以前、家康は10月22日に命じた方広寺の炉で作成させた鉄盾を各将に配布している。
- Prior to that, Ieyasu had distributed iron shields manufactured in the furnaces in Hoko-ji Temple that he had ordered on October 22 (the old calendar).
- 雑徭は、国司の命に従って、国内の土木工事や政府機関での雑用に従事する労役義務である。
- The irregular corvee was labor carried out on public works or miscellaneous work at government offices within a province and ordered by the provincial governor.
- 『中外抄』などの記述によると、匡房が藤原師通の命令を受けて編纂がはじめられたという。
- Some historical sources, including 'Chugaisho' (a collection of sayings of FUJIWARA no Tadazane), say that Masafusa began to compile under the order from FUJIWARA no Moromichi.
- 会盟の誓約は神の権威を借りて会盟参加者に命令をできる関係を築くものと考えられている。
- It is thought that the oath of Kaimei establishes relations with members of Kaimei, under which the leader can give orders to the members by taking advantage of god's authority.
- そして翌寿永3年(1184年)1月、義仲は征夷大将軍(または征東大将軍)に任命された。
- In January 1184, Yoshinaka was appointed Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') (or Seito Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the eastern barbarians')).
- 鎌倉時代以後、陣定での宣下は摂政・関白の一覧など高官の任命などに限られるようになった。
- After the Kamakura Period, the Imperial proclamation in Jin no sadame came to be limited the use only for an appointment of a high officer.
- また、稲葉氏の歴代藩主は短命な者が多く、享保年間には4人の藩主が相次いで死去している。
- Many successive lords of the Inaba clan were short-lived, and four of them died in quick succession during the Kyoho era.
- また、天皇が存命中に皇位を他者に譲ること(譲位)は認められていない(皇室典範第四条)。
- It is not permitted that Emperor hands over the Imperial Throne to another person during his life time (the Imperial House Act, Article 4).
- JR琵琶湖線 近江八幡駅 より近江バス長命寺行で小幡町資料館前、又は新町下車 徒歩すぐ
- From Omihachiman Station of JR Biwako Line by Omi Bus destined to Chomeiji, at Obatacho Shiryokan or Shinmachi bus stop
- しかし、光秀に勝利した羽柴秀吉・丹羽長秀によって自害を命じられ、若狭武田氏は滅亡した。
- However, he was ordered to kill himself by Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Nagahide NIWA who defeated Mitsuhide, and the Wakasa-Takeda clan extinguished.
- しかし、1615年(元和 (日本)元年)幕命により弟の井伊直孝に彦根藩主の座を譲った。
- In 1615, however, Naokatsu handed over his position as the lord of the Hikone domain to his younger brother Naotaka Ii by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 討伐の対象になるところを上杉憲定たちの助命活動が実を結び、義満への上洛謝罪で赦された。
- Although it was worth subjugation, Norisada UESUGI and so on asked for his life and he was forgiven by going up to Kyoto and apologizing Yoshimitsu.
- 田原坂の激戦は官軍の小隊長30名のうち11名が命を落としたことからも窺うことができる。
- The fierceness of the battle of Tabaru Slope can be understood from the fact that 11 out of 30 platoon leaders of the government army were killed.
- 公立旧制中学校の校長に任命された台湾人はなく、国民学校も分教場を入れて4人のみだった。
- No Taiwanese was assigned as the principal of the junior high school under the old system of education, and only 4 people were assumed the place of the principal in the national elementary school (in an educational system operated in Japan between 1941 and 1947) and branch school.
- このため、8月27日に森山特使に引上げを命じて当面様子見を行うことが決定したのである。
- For this reason, they required to pull the special envoy Moriyama out of Korea on August 27, and decided to see how it works for a time.
- 年爵や内官(京官)は収入が多く、推挙の見返りとして被任命者から送られる収入も多かった。
- Those who were granted nenshaku and naikan (kyokan) enjoyed a large income from their position as well from appointees in exchange for recommendations.
- 細川忠興が小倉藩主となった際に、家臣となった朝鮮人陶工に命じて焼かせたものが発祥とする。
- It originated with the pottery made by Korean potters who became vassals of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, when the latter became the daimyo of the Kokura clan.
- だが、一豊は徳川家康、徳川秀忠に、旧臣の長宗我部氏の家臣達を排除する事を命令されていた。
- However, Kazutoyo was ordered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hidetada TOKUGAWA to exclude the vassals of the former lordship, the Chosokabe clan.
- 「内裏式」には、「褰帳命婦二人、内親王以下三位已上為之、若無者王氏四位五位亦得」とある。
- It is described in 'Dairi-shiki' as 'two of kencho no myobu,' 'Naishin-nou 以下 sanmi 已上為之' and '若無者王氏 shii goi yakutoku.'
- 子は天豊津媛命(懿徳天皇皇后)のみで、跡継ぎがなかったと「先代旧事本紀」に記されている。
- Amatoyotsuhime no mikoto (Empress of Emperor Itoku) was his only child, and it is described in 'Sendai Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) that he had no heir.
- 天保7年(1836年)3月4日親王宣下を受け、節仁と命名されるが、翌日(実は同日)薨去。
- On April 19, 1836, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and renamed Misahito; however, he passed away on the following day.
- 渟名城入媛命(ぬなきいりびめのみこと、生没年未詳)は、崇神天皇の皇女で、母は尾張大海媛。
- Princess Numaki iribime (Nunaki iribime no Mikoto; the dates of her birth and death are unknown) was a princess of the Emperor Suinin.
- 天孫降臨の時にニニギを先導した天忍日命(あめのおしひのみこと)を祖とし、神別氏族である。
- It had been believed that the Saeki clan was descendents of a god, Ame no Oshihi no Mikoto who had guided the way for Ninigi no Mikoto (the Prince of fertile rice-ears) when a god Ninigi no Mikoto had come down to the earth (the occasion has been called 'Tenson Korin').
- かれらは、年貢を滞りなく収めるようにするだけでなく、施政者の命令を下達する役目もあった。
- They not only played a role in collecting land taxes from peasants without delay, but also acted to passing on order of the government.
- 信道の系統は大久保長安の業績に絡み、数奇な運命を辿りながらも後世にその血脈を伝えている。
- The descendants of Nobumichi helped Nagayasu OKUBO achieve success and survived vicissitudes of history, maintaining their lineage for generations.
- 家康に死守を命じられていた元忠はこれを拒絶し、西軍は大挙して伏見城を包囲、攻撃を開始した。
- Mototada, who had been told to defend the castle to the death by Ieyasu, refused this order, and the western army surrounded Fushimi-jo Castle and started attacking.
- 6月5日、高氏が鎮守府将軍に任命され、天皇の諱「尊治」から一字を与えられ「尊氏」と改めた。
- On the fifth day of the sixth month, Takauji was appointed the Chinjufu shogun ('Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North'), and he was awarded one character from out of the Emperor's real name (Takahara), thereby changing the 'Taka (高)' in his own name to the Emperor's own 'Taka (尊).'
- 足利満兼を謀叛に誘った今川了俊は幕府から討伐の命を受けたために上洛して謝罪し、助命された。
- Ryoshun IMAGAWA, the one who had urged Mitsukane to revolt against the shogunate, was made the target of a search and destroy order from the shogunate, and because of this proceeded to the capital and apologized, for which he was granted clemency.
- 4月、出羽守よりの急使を受けた朝廷は、下野国と上野国にそれぞれ1000ずつの徴兵を命じた。
- In April the Imperial Court, which had received an emergency messenger from Dewa no Kami, ordered Shimotsuke and Kozuke provinces to each deploy 1,000 soldiers.
- 藤原愛発は京外追放、藤原吉野は大宰権帥、文室秋津は出雲国員外守にそれぞれ左遷が命じられた。
- FUJIWARA no Chikanari was expelled from the capital, FUJIWARA no Yoshino was demoted to the Dazai gon no sochi (Provisional Governor-General of the Dazai-fu [local government office in Kyushu region]), and FUNYA no Akitsu was demoted to the Izumo no kuni ingai no kami (a director in Izumo Province other than those stipulated in the law).
- 磐之媛命(いわのひめのみこと、生年不詳-仁徳天皇35年6月(347年)は、古墳時代の皇妃。
- Iwanohimenomikoto (year of birth unknown – June, 347) was an Empress of the Kofun period.
- その後京都への還幸は延期され、明治天皇は1877年(明治10年)に京都御所の保存を命じた。
- The period of time before the emperor returned to Kyoto grew longer, and in 1877 Emperor Meiji ordered the preservation of the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- 守護大名は幕府から守護職に任命されたという権威を背景に、領国の支配を進めていったのである。
- The Shugo daimyos proceeded to exercise control over their lands by the authority that they were assigned to the position of Shugo by Bakufu.
- さらに1511年の成之の死の翌年には孫の之持が夭折するなど、寿命に恵まれない当主がつづく。
- Moreover, the family head with unfortunate life span continued, as his grand son Yukimochi also died young a year after Shigeyuki's death, in 1511.
- 成之自身は長命であったが、子である政之(1488年没)と義春(1494年没)に先立たれた。
- Although Shigeyuki lived a long time, his sons, Masayuki (died in 1488) and Yoshiharu (died in 1494), died before him.
- 越前国守護である斯波氏の守護代を務めたが、のちに朝倉氏自体が守護に任命されるようになった。
- At first, the clan served the Shiba clan, Shugo (military governor) of Echizen Province, as its Shugodai (provisional governor), but later the Asakura clan itself came to be appointed to Shugo.
- 追捕官符とは、同じく捕亡令に基づくもので、逃亡した者を追捕することを命ずる太政官符である。
- Tsuibu kanpu was a Daijokanpu (official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) that ordered the capture of criminals who had fled, based on the same bumo-ryo code.
- 政虎の強さを知る信玄はなおも慎重であり、山本勘助と馬場信春に上杉軍撃滅の作戦立案を命じた。
- Shingen, who knew the strength of Uesugi's forces, was still cautious, and ordered Kansuke YAMAMOTO and Nobuharu BABA to work out a plan to destroy Uesugi's forces completely..
- 明和9年(1772年)9月に田沼意次の命を受けた勘定奉行の川井久敬の建策により創鋳される。
- They were minted on the instructions of Hisataka KAWAI, Kanjo Bugyo (commissioner of finance), who received the order from Okitsugu TANUMA in September 1772.
- 日露戦争の影響を受けて、ロシアの植民地であった地域やアジアで特に独立・革命運動が高まった。
- Former Russian colonies sought independence in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, and independence and revolutionary movements became active throughout Asia.
- そのため、桐野の命で淵辺群平・別府晋介・辺見らが鹿児島に戻って新たな兵力の徴集にあたった。
- Therefore, according to Kirino's order, Gunpei FUCHIBE, Shinsuke BEPPU, and HENMI returned to Kagoshima and recruited new soldiers.
- 幕府創立前のに金座(小判座)および銀座 (歴史)を設立し、慶長小判慶長丁銀の鋳造を命じた。
- In 1601 before the foundation of the government, the gold guild (kin-za) (the coinage guild) and the silver guild (gin-za) (history) were established, and the mintage of Keicho Koban (gold oval coin) and Keicho Chogin (silver oval coin) was ordered.
- 井伊家の菩提寺・豪徳寺にある墓碑に命日が「三月二十八日」と刻まれているのはそのためである。
- This is why, on his tombstone at Gotoku-ji Temple, the Ii family's ancestral temple, the date of Naosuke's death is recorded as 'March 28.'
- 1792年8月10日、フランス革命政府は国王ルイ16世 (フランス王)を逮捕し王権を停止。
- On August 10, 1792, the French Revolution Government arrested their King Louis XVI (King of France) and suspended his sovereignty.
- 5日、家康は住吉から茶臼山に本陣を移し、8日までに到着した部隊にも仕寄の構築を命じている。
- On 5th Ieyasu moved the headquarters from Sumiyoshi to Mt. Chausu-yama and ordered troops that had arrived by 8th to construct shiyori (the old calendar).
- 而して隊長は、谿を下り、岡許に退さしを以て、其命を伝ふるに暇あらず、賊は巳に坪屋に乱入す。
- The troop commander went down a valley and retreated to Okamoto, and therefore, there was no time to send his command, and the rebels had already rushed in Tsuboya.
- そして、高経に対し「急ぎ(守護国へ)下向すべし。さもなくば治罰する」と命じる使者を送った。
- Then, he dispatched an envoy to Takatsune and ordered him to 'Immediately go (to a province whose shugo is yourself). Otherwise, I will punish you.'
- 国内航路に関しては、往路は筑前国守護代、復路は薩摩国守護代にそれぞれ警固が命じられている。
- The orders to guard the domestic (sea) route were given to Chikuzen Province in the outward journey and the Satsuma Province for the return trip.
- しかし玄宗に重用された中国の宰相李林甫により長城内節度使にも蕃将が任命されるようになった。
- However, Chancellor of China Linfu LIN, who was highly trusted by Xuanzong, made it possible even for non-Han generals to be assigned as setsudoshi stationed in the areas inside of the Great Wall.
- 任命された受領の俸禄の一部とする説と受領が徴収した租税などの収入の一部とする説が存在する。
- One theory argues that a portion of the salary of an appointed zuryo was granted, while another theory states that a part of the income from such sources as taxes collected by zuryo was granted.
- 翌仁和4年(888年)4月、天皇は左大臣源融に命じて博士らに阿衡に職掌がないか研究させた。
- In April 884 the next year, the Emperor ordered Sadaijin (minister of the left) MINAMOTO no Toru to get hakase etc. to study whether or not Ako was a position with no jobs.
- この法令では長年のこの押領状態を解消するために本所と武家による所領の分割を命じたのである。
- In order to put an end to a situation where territories were seized by samurai families for long periods of time, the law ordered a division of the territories between the honjo and the samurai families, causing honjo to lose half of their territories.
- 院政を布く上皇は、自己の政務機関として院庁を設置し、院宣・院庁下文などの命令文書を発給した。
- The jokos who conducted Insei established Incho (院庁) as their own political office and therefore issued written orders such as Inzen (院宣)/In-no-cho Kudashibumi (院庁下文), etc.
- このため、以後の摂政・関白の任命には上皇(法皇)の意向を無視する事が不可能になってしまった。
- Because of this, after that it became impossible to ignore the wishes of the Retired Emperor (Cloistered Emperor) when appointing someone as regent or chancellor.
- 座主配流に反発する大衆が明雲の身柄を奪回したため、後白河は平清盛を呼び出し山門攻撃を命じた。
- Since the monks rebelled against the exile of their chief and rescued him, Goshirakawa ordered TAIRA no Kiyomori to attack the Sanmon.
- 成親の妹を妻にしていた重盛は、命だけは助かるようにすると成親を励ましたという(『愚管抄』)。
- It is said that Shigemori, whose wife was Narichika's younger sister, encouraged Narichika by promising to save his life ('Gukansho').
- 明治維新後の1872年(明治5年)、再び株仲間は解散を命じられ、以降復活することはなかった。
- In 1872 after the Meiji Restoration, kabunakama were ordered to dissolve again and it has never had a resurgence since then.
- 正邦は新政府の命令で同年3月に謹慎処分となったが、閏4月には許されて京都警備を任されている。
- Masakuni was put under house arrest by the new government in March, 1868, but was forgiven and assigned to guard Kyoto in April.
- 永享12年(1440年)、持頼は将軍独裁を進める足利義教の命により大和国出陣中に殺害された。
- In 1440, Mochiyori was killed in the field to Yamato Province under the order from Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, who promoted a shogunal dictatorship.
- 同年5月に畿内と七道諸国の郡(こおり)・郷(さと)の名に好字(よいじ)を付けるように命じた。
- In May of the same year, the Imperial Court ordered to put yoi-ji (good character) to each kori (county) and sato (village) in provinces near capital and in seven prefectures.
- 1879年明治政府はいわゆる琉球処分を行い琉球藩を沖縄県とし、琉球王尚泰の東京移住を命じた。
- In 1879, the Meiji Government carried out the so-called Ryukyu annexation to abolish the Ryukyu domain and set up Okinawa prefecture and ordered the Ryukyu King Sho Tai to live in Tokyo.
- 文久2年(1862年)5月 勅命により、一橋慶喜が将軍後見職に、松平春嶽が政事総裁職に就任。
- In accordance with an Imperial order in May, 1862, Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI assumed the role of Shogun-kokenshoku (one of three major posts of Edo bakufu), and Shungaku MATSUDAIRA became president of political affairs.
- 受領は赴任した直後に在庁官人に命じて国内の状況をまとめた報告書(「注文」)を提出させていた。
- Immediately after moving to the office, zuryo ordered officials at his office to submit a document in which situations of the province were described (called 'chumon').
- 明治時代には皇室は南朝が正統とされ、文部省は国定教科書で「吉野朝時代」の用語を使うよう命じた。
- In the Meiji period, the Imperial household declared the Southern Court to be the legitimate Court, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports ordered that government-controlled textbooks begin using the term 'Yoshino period' instead of Nanbokucho.
- この命令に従って山内氏は長宗我部氏の家臣達を郷士、自身の家臣達を上士と区別し、差別化を図った。
- In accordance with such orders, the Yamauchi clan tried to distinguish between the vassals of the Chosokabe clan, who were called Goshi (郷士), and its own vassals, who were called Joshi (上士).
- 日本では皇太子の命令を伝える文書を令旨といい、太皇太后・皇太后・皇后の出す文書もこれに準じた。
- In Japan, such a document for conveying orders of princes came to be called ryoji, which also include documents issued by the Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress.
- 里倉負名制では、負名と呼ばれるようになった地域の富豪・有力百姓ら請負人は徴税役人に任命された。
- In the Riso-fumyo system, undertakers including rich people and influential farmers in local areas, who had come to be called Fumyo (a local tax manager), were appointed to the officials for collecting taxes.
- なお日露戦争での日本海海戦の旗艦、戦艦「三笠 (戦艦)」はこの山の名にちなんで命名されている。
- By the way, the flagship used in the Naval battle of Japan sea at the time of Russo-Japanese War, the battleship 'Mikasa,' was named after this mountain.
- 白村江の戦いで国を失った百済の扶余豊璋は、その後高句麗へ亡命していたが、捕らえられ幽閉された。
- Fuyo Hosho of Kudara, who lost his kingdom in the Battle of Hakusukinoe, defected to Koguryo, but was captured and imprisoned.
- 次いで5月9日に、黒田清隆を開拓使の次官(樺太開拓使の次官ではない)に任命し、樺太専務とした。
- Then on Saturday, May 9, Kiyotaka KURODA was appointed as an undersecretary of the Hokkaido Development Commissioner (he was not an undersecretary of the Sakhalin Development Commissioner.) and considered as the executive managing director of Sakhalin.
- 奈良時代初期の713年(和銅6)に、元明天皇は、令制国毎に「風土記」という地誌の編纂を命じた。
- In 713, the early Nara period, Emperor Genmyo ordered the compilation of regional gazetteers or topography called 'Fudoki' for each ryosei province.
- これは石山合戦の包囲網を備えるために織田信長か荒木村重に命じて築城、修築させたりした城である。
- These were castles which Nobunaga ODA ordered Murashiga ARAKI to build or repair in order to prepare an encirclement for the Ishiyama War.
- 武田方は城兵の士気を挫くべく「援軍は来ない」と伝えれば助命すると提案し、これを鳥居は承諾する。
- Takeda offered to save his life if he falsely told the soldiers in the castle that 'reinforcements would not come' to lower their morale, and Torii agreed.
- また、信長はこの合戦の直前、参陣しない細川幽斎や筒井順慶などへ鉄砲隊を供出するよう命じている。
- Just before this battle, Nobunaga moreover ordered Yusai HOSOKAWA and Junkei TSUTSUI who did not take part in the battle to provide teppo units for the battle.
- また、光圀は日本へ亡命した明朝遺臣である朱舜水を招聘し、彼らより歴史の正統性の意味を諭された。
- Mitsukuni also invited SHU Shunsui, a surviving retainer from the Ming Dynasty, who had exiled himself in Japan, and Mitsukuni learned the meaning of historical orthodoxy from him.
- 国内武士は受領の動員命令ではなく、追捕使の地位を持つ「一国棟梁」の指揮に従うようになっていた。
- Samurai in a province came to follow the leadership of 'Ikkoku toryo' provided with the position of Tsuibushi, instead of the mobilization order by zuryo.
- 激怒した後陽成帝は、乱交に関わった全員を死罪に処せと命じたが、従来の公家の法には死罪は無かった。
- An infuriated Emperor Goyozei demanded all the participants in the promiscuous relations be sentenced to death, but no traditional law governing court nobles provided for capital punishment.
- 元治元年(1864年)、江戸幕府は京都守護職配下として蒔田廣孝と松平康正を京都見廻役に任命した。
- In 1864, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed Hirotaka MAITA and Yasumasa MATSUDAIRA to Kyoto Mimawariyaku under the command of the Kyoto shugoshoku (Military governor of Kyoto).
- その後安康天皇は中蒂姫命を妃としたが、この一件によって、安康は自らの暗殺の原因を作ってしまった。
- Afterwards, Emperor Anko made Princess Nakashi as his consort, but due to this affair, he created the cause for his own assassination.
- 南北朝時代に10代武田信武が足利尊氏に属して戦功を上げた結果、甲斐国と安芸国の守護に任命された。
- The clan was appointed to the shugo of both Kai Province and Aki Province during the Northern and Southern Court period after the tenth head Nobutake Takeda achieved distinguished war service under Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- これに対して野心は無いと答え、人質に母親を差し出せと織田信長の命に従わず、亀裂は決定的になった。
- Murashige ARAKI replied that he had no ambition, but refused Nobunaga's requirement to submit his mother as a hostage and the chasm became decisive.
- 調印時の日本側代表は林董特命全権公使、イギリス側代表はペティ=フィッツモーリス外務大臣であった。
- Japanese representative at the time of signing was Tadasu HAYASHI, the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, and British representative was Foreign Secretary Petty-Fitzmaurice.
- 軽傷者は全員切腹が命じられ、無疵の者は士分から駕篭かきにいたるまで全員が斬首、家名断絶となった。
- Those who had minor injuries were ordered to commit seppuku, while those who had no injuries, whether they were samurai or palanquin bearers, were decapitated after being forced to forfeit the family name.
- ブルボン朝は1830年に断絶し、オルレアン朝が成立したが、1848年革命によって王政は終焉した。
- The Bourbon Dynasty was extinguished in 1830 to be followed by the Orleans Dynasty which ruled France until the monarchy was forced to discontinue by the revolution in 1848.
- 外国ではなく山沢に逃亡し(亡命山沢)、官吏に呼ばれても帰らないときには、謀叛と同じ扱いになった。
- Those who fled to mountain valleys (mountain valley flight) instead of foreign countries, and did not come back after being called by a government official, were treated the same as those involved in scheme of disobedience.
- 依田信蕃も信長の命により処刑されそうになったが、武田氏の人材を求めていた徳川家康は彼を逃がした。
- Nobushige YODA also came within an inch of being executed by the order of Nobunaga; however, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA seeking manpower in the Takeda family let him get away.
- 義朝と行動を共にした源重成・季実も滅亡の運命を辿り、ここに後白河院政派は事実上壊滅することになる。
- Orders to eliminate MINAMOTO no Shigenari and Hidezane, who had acted in tandem with Yoshitomo, followed in due course, and with their deaths, the Goshirakawa Insei faction had effectively been destroyed.
- 翌弘仁元年(810年)、平城が平城京への遷都を嵯峨に命令すると、嵯峨は一気にクーデタに踏み切った。
- When in the next year, 810, Heizei commanded Saga to relocate the capital to Heijo-kyo, Saga decided to raise a coup d'etat.
- 後醍醐は、京都に帰還するよりも早く命令を発して、元弘の変以後の朝廷の政治的行為をすべて取り消した。
- Godaigo issued orders before his return to Kyoto and erased all political actions by the Imperial Court after the Genko Incident.
- 4月1日、信長は義昭に対する一連の報復のため、義昭の勢力基盤である上京と下京への焼き討ちを命じた。
- On May 12th (April 1st in old lunar calendar), Nobunaga ordered his men to set fire to Kamigyo and Shimogyo, the base of Yoshiaki's power, in order to punish him.
- なお、正成は和睦を進言した事で朝廷の不信を買い、この追討軍からは外され、国許での謹慎を命じられた。
- Masashige earned the distrust of the Imperial Court as a result of his advice to make peace and was removed from the force and placed under house arrest in his hometown.
- 新撰姓氏録(しんせんしょうじろく)は、平安時代初期のに、嵯峨天皇の命により編纂された古代氏族名鑑。
- Shinsen Shojiroku is an ancient clan-name register or directory that was compiled by an order from Emperor Saga in the early Heian period.
- 同年、光格天皇の猶子となり、天保3年(1832年)に親王宣下を受け、嘉言(よしこと)と命名される。
- The same year, he was adopted to the Emperor Kokaku and given the title of imperial prince and the name Yoshikoto.
- 既に実質上の大王だった葛城皇子の祖母であり、飛鳥嶋宮に住んだことから没後には嶋皇祖母命と称された。
- As she was the grandmother of Katsuragi no Miko, who had already become actual okimi (great king), and she lived in Shimanomiya (detached palace) in Asuka, she was called Shima no sumemiya no mikoto.
- 748年4月22日の元正天皇崩御、756年5月3日の聖武天皇崩御に際しては装束司に任命されている。
- He was appointed to shozokushi (an official who handled important rituals) on the deaths of the Empress Gensho on April 22, 748 and the Emperor Shomu on May 3, 756.
- このとき、弓箭隊の郷士の息子である中川小十郎(後の立命館大学の創立者)が西園寺と出会うことになる。
- At that time, Kojuro NAKAGAWA, who was the son of a Yumiya-tai member and later established Ritsumeikan University, met Saionji.
- JR琵琶湖線 近江八幡駅北口下車徒歩25分、または近江鉄道バス(長命寺行) 8分 大杉町バス停下車
- 25 minuites on foot from the North Exit of Omihachiman Station on JR Biwako Line or 8 minuites on Omi Railway Bus (bound for Chomei-ji Temple) to Osugi-cho bus stop
- しかしながら、17日に光秀は接待役を途中解任されて居城坂本城に帰され、秀吉援護の出陣を命ぜられた。
- However, Mitsuhide was dismissed midway from the marshal on May 17 and made to return to his residence, Sakamoto-jo Castle, and was ordered to deploy to the front in order to support Hideyoshi.
- 水戸徳川家の歴代当主は比較的短命・無子の者が少なく、江戸時代の後半には他家に養子に出した例が多い。
- Relatively speaking, the successive family heads of the Mito Tokugawa family lived a long life and were blessed with children, so many sons from the family were adopted into other families during the late half of the Edo period.
- 1600年の関ヶ原の戦いでは家康の命を受けて大和の豪族の調略に従事し、西軍の後方攪乱作戦も務めた。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, by the order of Ieyasu, he played an important role using especially his brain to suppress local governors of Yamato Province and to disturb the logistic support of the Western Army.
- 秀頼の娘(天秀尼)が助命されたものの正保2年(1645年)の天秀尼の死で秀吉の直系血族は断絶した。
- Although the daughter of Hideyori (Tenshu-ni) was spared, the direct family line of Hideyoshi was extinguished due to the death of Tenshu-ni in 1645.
- 正統派は久原を総裁に任命し、革新派は旧昭和会のうち望月圭介・山崎達之輔ら政友会出身者を合流させた。
- The orthodoxy faction appointed Kuhara to the president and the reformists invited Keisuke MOCHIZUKI and Tatsunosuke YAMAZAKI from the former Showa Party who had originally belonged to the Seiyu Party.
- 秀頼の子の豊臣国松は潜伏している所を捕らえられて処刑、また娘の奈阿姫は僧籍に入ることで助命された。
- Kunimatsu TOYOTOMI, Hideyori's son was captured when he was hiding and executed, and Naahime, Hideyori' s daughter had her life spared on condition that she would enter the priesthood.
- 家康は12月2日 (旧暦)、茶臼山を、以降は各将の陣を視察し、仕寄(攻城設備)の構築を命じている。
- On December 2 (the old calendar) Ieyasu inspected the Chausu-yama camp, followed by the camp of each general's and ordered them to construct shiyori (faculities for attacking a castle).
- 1895年7月14日、台湾総督府は初代学務部長に伊沢修二を任命し台湾における教育政策を担当させた。
- On July 14, 1895, the Sotoku-fu appointed Shuji IZAWA as the first chief of Education Bureau responsible for the educational policy in Taiwan.
- また、足利義昭が織田信長打倒を諸大名に呼びかけたとされる命令書もこの形式によっていたとされている。
- It is also believed that orders given by Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA appealing to territorial lords to overthrow Nobunaga ODA were issued using Gonaisho.
- 保則は文室有房、上野国押領使南淵秋郷に命じて上野国兵600人と俘囚300人をもって夷俘に備えさせた。
- Yasunori ordered FUNYA no Arifusa and MINABUCHI no Akisato, Oryoshi of Kozuke Province, to prepare for the Ifu with 600 soldiers of Kozuke Province and 300 Fushu.
- 自主的に結成された株仲間を「願株」、幕府によって結成を命じられた株仲間を「御免株」と呼んで区別した。
- Kabunakama was distinguished between 'negaikabu' which was formed voluntarily and 'gomenkabu' which was formed on orders from the bakufu.
- ヤマト政権は、地方の大首長を国造などに任命し、政治的支配をそのまま認める形で、全国的に支配していた。
- The Yamato Dynasty appointed local leaders as kuni no miyatsuko, and controlled all of the provinces via such political control.
- 滝川事件に関連して京都帝大を辞職した教官のうち、18名が立命館大学に教授・助教授などの形で移籍した。
- Among the staff who quit Kyoto Imperial University over the Takigawa Incident, 18 of them transferred to Ritsumeikan University as professors, associate professors, etc.
- なお、日本における廃太子は諸国の例と大きく異なり、廃太子が政治生命の終焉を意味しない場合も見られる。
- The cases of deposed/disinheritance of a crown prince in Japan are quite different from those in other countries in that they do not necessarily mean the end of the political life of the prince.
- 里見氏の内部で発生した稲村の変では義明は真里谷信保に命じて小弓派であった里見義豊の支援に当たらせた。
- During the Inamura incident that occurred within the Satomi clan, Yoshiaki ordered Nobuyasu MARIYA to support Yoshitoyo SATOMI, who was cooperating with Oyumi-kubo.
- 996年小槻奉親が左大史(大夫史)に任命されたのを皮切りに次第に左大史に任ぜられることが多くなった。
- After OZUKI no Tomochika was appointed to the position of Sadaishi (Taifu no shi (senior recorder of Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade)) in 996, many other members of the Ozuki clan were appointed to the position.
- 3月17日、太政官から片倉氏家来、角田県に在留していた者600名に対し北海道移住開拓使貫属を命じた。
- On March 17, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) appointed 600 retainers of the Katakura clan, who resided in Kakuda City, as Kanzoku of the Hokkaido Development Commissioner.
- ただし例外として天皇には、緊急勅令や独立命令を発する権限など、実質的な立法に関する権限が留保された。
- But for special cases, the emperor reserved practical legislative powers such as issuance of emergency edicts and independent orders.
- 「朕は、天命を受けて、天下を統治し、みずからの徳をひろめて、すべてのものに及ぼしたいと思っている。」
- I want to obey Heaven's will, reign over the whole country, and spread my power to command love and respect to have a good effect on all people.'
- 5月22日に西郷の命令を受けて本格的な制圧を開始、6月には事件発生地域を制圧して現地の占領を続けた。
- On May 22, they launched a full-scale attack by order of Saigo and in June they gained control of the area where the incident took place, continuing to advance on their territory.
- 名古屋城普請の際には豊臣家へも動員が命じられたが、淀殿がこれに拒否反応を示し、沙汰止みになっている。
- In the case of fushin (construction) of Nagoya-jo Castle, the Toyotomi family was ordered to be mobilized, however because of the rejection of Yodo-dono the order was canceled
- 1937年に日華事変が勃発し台湾の軍事的価値が高まると、再び武官が台湾総督に任命されるようになった。
- In 1937 the Japan-China war broke out and the military importance of Taiwan heightened, so military officers were again appointed to the post.
- そこで荘園領主が直接あるいは自己の直臣より任命した代官(直務代官)を派遣して現地を直接支配を行った。
- Then, the lord of the manor sent a local governor (jikimu daikan), who was assigned directly or by his own great vassal, and held direct rule for the site.
- その特別な命令書(符)ということから、その地は「別符」と呼ばれ、また徴税単位として「郷」と呼ばれた。
- That property was called as 'beppu' by taking after the name of a special order (fu - tally) in addition to being called as 'go' (village) for the tax collection unit.
- 元暦2年(1185年)、範頼軍は九州へ渡ったが、思わしくない戦況に頼朝は義経へ平氏追討の命令を出した。
- In 1185, Noriyori's forces crossed over to Kyushu, but the situation was not ideal so Yoritomo gave Yoshitsune an order to attack the Taira clan.
- 段銭・棟別銭とは、元来、朝廷・幕府が臨時経費の調達のため、守護に命じて国内に均一に賦課する租税だった。
- Tan-sen and munabechi-sen were originally accounted among land taxes uniformly imposed on people nationwide, which were collected by shugo under the instruction of the Imperial Court and bakufu aiming at raising extra money.
- 頼朝邸内に多数の訴人が集まり、怒号・喧噪が飛び交ったため、頼朝はそれにうんざりし問注所の移転を命じた。
- Disgusted by the shouts and arguments exchanged within his compound, Yoritomo ordered the relocation of the Monchu-dokoro.
- 対馬藩は江戸幕府から朝鮮外交担当を命じられ、釜山に新設された倭館における朝鮮交易の独占権も付与された。
- The Tsushima clan was appointed in charge of diplomacy with Korea by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and was also bestowed the exclusive right for commerce with Korea at the newly-established wakan in Busan.
- 康正元年(1455年)鎌倉公方足利成氏は将軍足利義政の命を受けた今川範忠に攻められ、下総古河へ逃れる。
- In 1455 Kamakura kubo Shigeuji ASHIKAGA was attacked by Noritada IMAGAWA by order of Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and ran away to domain of Shimousa-Koga.
- 京都の新政府は、慶応4年(1868年)4月12日に、皇族の仁和寺宮嘉彰親王を箱館裁判所総督に任命した。
- The new government in Kyoto appointed Prince Yoshiakira of Ninnajinomiya the governor of the Hakodate Court on April 12, 1868.
- 朝廷から任命された役職ではあるが、禁裏御守衛総督の役料として幕府より月に7500俵受け取る合意を得た。
- Though the post was appointed by the Imperial court, he obtained a consensus to receive 7,500 bales of rice a month as a reward for the Kinri Goshuei Sotoku from the bakufu.
- 1882年には大阪貿易会社が設立されて紡績業が確立し、日清戦争、日露戦争を経て日本の産業革命が進んだ。
- In 1882 the Osaka trading company was founded to establish spinning industry and then industrial revolution in Japan was proceeded after the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War.
- ただし、天皇が発する命令やその手続きについては、律令に規定があり、天皇の行為は律令の制約を受けていた。
- But the Ritsuryo system contained regulations concerning Imperial edicts and their handling, meaning the emperor's conduct was in fact restricted.
- 1271年9月、元使の趙良弼らが元への服属を命じる国書を携えてきた際には、幕府はこれを朝廷に進上した。
- In September 1271, when envoys from the Yuan Dynasty, including Chao Liang-pi, brought a letter ordering Japan to become its subject, bakufu submitted it to the Imperial Court.
- 8月3日、事態を重く見た源頼朝は、蜂起した平氏勢力の中の最有力人物である平信兼の捜索を源義経に命じる。
- On September 16, taking the matter seriously, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo ordered MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune to find TAIRA no Nobukane, who was the dominant figure of the Taira clan.
- 太政官符により東海道・東山道を対象に架橋と布施屋の設置を命じられた際、長良川をはさんで開設されたもの。
- This Fuseya, which straddled Nagara-gawa River, was established as part of an order of Daijokanpu (official documents issued by the Daijokan, Grand Council of State) to build bridges and establish Fuseya throughout Tokaido and the Tosando area.
- また、源頼信の郎党・藤原則経は、主人の命令によって河内国坂門御牧の住人・藤原公則の養子になったとある。
- FUJIWARA no Noritsune of roto (retainer) of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu was adopted by FUJIWARA no Kinnori, who had the title of junin Sakamonnomaki, Kawachi Province by the orders of his master.
- 1590年、豊臣秀吉により天下が定まると、秀吉より関東移封を命ぜられたため家康は武蔵の江戸を本拠とした。
- In 1590, after whole country was conquered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu was ordered by Hideyoshi to move to Kanto and Ieyasu took Edo in Musashi for his base.
- だが、国府台合戦後には再び北条氏に屈服し、豊臣氏の関東平定によって所領を奪われて那須氏のもとへ亡命する。
- However, the clan was again subdued by the Hojo clan after the Konodai Battle, and when the Toyotomi clan suppressed the Kanto region, it lost territory and fled to the Nasu clan for shelter.
- 細川氏の嫡流で、摂津国・丹波国などの守護大名を世襲したと同時に、代々「室町幕府」の管領職に任命を受けた。
- The family was the legitimate line of the Hosokawa clan, and the family was successively appointed to the post of kanrei in 'Muromachi bakufu,' as well as being hereditary Shugo daimyo in Settsu Province, Tanba Province and so on.
- しかし、孫の最上義俊の代に御家騒動が起こり、江戸幕府の命により改易とされ、大名としての最上氏は滅亡した。
- However, a family dispute occurred during the time of Yoshitoshi MOGAMI, a grandson of Yoshiaki, and the Mogami family was deprived of its status by the order of the Edo Bakufu, resulting in the fall of the Mogami clan as a Daimyo.
- 大野本営にいた淵辺は干城隊番三・四・八番中隊に命令して久木野の官軍を襲撃させ、退却させることに成功した。
- FUCHIBE at the headquarters in Ono commanded the 3rd, 4th, and 8th companies of the Kanjo-tai troop to raid the government army in Kukino and succeeded in driving it away.
- 明治29年(1895年)3月4日、屯田兵を中心とした臨時第七師団の編制が命じられると、全兵力が出動した。
- On March 4, 1896, an order was given to organize a temporal Dainana Shidan (Seventh Division) centering on todenhei, and all soldiers were mobilized.
- 戦前の代表的な歴史家の一覧である内藤湖南は垂仁天皇の皇女倭姫命(やまとひめのみこと)を卑弥呼に比定した。
- Konan NAITO, a representative scholar of Oriental history before the war, identified Yamato Hime no Mikoto (a princess of Emperor Suinin) as Himiko.
- 荒木村重は波多野氏の支族と言われており、37万石 (単位)の所領で織田信長より摂津国守護を拝命している。
- It is said that Murashige ARAKI was from the branch family of the Hatano clan and his territory was 370,000 koku and he was appointed by Nobunaga ODA to Settsu no Kuni Shugo (Provincial Constable of Settsu Province).
- 織田信長は単独で有岡城に向かった黒田孝高が裏切ったと思いこみ、羽柴秀吉に黒田長政を殺害するように命じた。
- Nobunaga ODA assumed that Yoshitaka KURODA, who went to Arioka-jo Castle alone, betrayed him and ordered Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to kill Nagamasa KURODA.
- また、一時期エース監督として屋台骨を支えた鈴木則文、関本郁夫はそれぞれ立命館大学中退、工業高校卒である。
- Indeed, two of Toei's most successful directors who strengthened the company, Noribumi SUZUKI and Ikuo SEKIMOTO, dropped out from studies at Ritsumeikan University and didn't attend higher education respectively.
- 翌4月 (旧暦)、家康は在京の大名22名を二条城に招集させて幕府の命令に背かないという誓詞を提出させた。
- In April of the next month (the old calendar), Ieyasu gathered in Nijo-jo Castle 22 daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) staying in Kyoto and made them submit written vows that they would not disobey orders from the bakufu.
- 1597年1月10日、長崎で処刑せよという命令を受けて一行は大阪を出発、歩いて長崎へ向かうことになった。
- On January 10, 1597, they were ordered to be executed in Nagasaki and departed from Osaka to Nagasaki on foot.
- 命蓮が「飛鉢の法」によって鉢をとばして長者の米倉を信貴山まで運び、人びとが驚いた逸話が特に知られている。
- The story that Myoren threw a pot using 'the method of throwing a pot' to carry the rice storage of choja (chief abbot of the temple) to Mt. Shigi, which amazed people, is well known.
- 文治二年(1186年)閏七月二十二日(東鏡)源頼朝は平康頼を阿波国の天領麻植(おえ)保の保司に任命した。
- On September 14, 1186, according to Azumakagami (The chronology of the Kamakura bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), MINAMOTO no Yoritomo appointed TAIRA no Yasuyori as hoshi of Oe no ho, a shogunal demesne in the Province of Awa.
- 2月16日、武田勢は鳥居峠 (長野県)で信長の命を受けた織田一門衆らの支援を受けた義昌勢に敗北を喫した。
- On February 16, the Takeda army was defeated in the battle of Torii-toge Pass (in Nagano Prefecture) by Yoshimasa's army, which was supported by a group of Oda retainers who were ordered to defend Yoshimasa by Nobunaga.
- 重盛は鹿ケ谷事件で清盛に藤原成親の助命を頼んで聞き入れられず、政治への意欲を失い表舞台に出なくなっていた。
- Shigemori asked for the life of FUJIWARA no Narichika to be spared but was not heard, and he lost interest in politics consequently dissapearing from the center stage of politics.
- 頼朝も2月9日平頼盛の郎等・平宗清に捕まりやはり処刑されるところを、清盛の継母・池禅尼の嘆願で助命された。
- On March 25, Yoritomo also was captured, by TAIRA no Munekiyo, a retainer of TAIRA no Yorimori, and just when his execution seemed certain, Kiyomori's stepmother Ike no zenni intervened, successfully pleading for his life to be spared.
- 首長となったサバーハは、異母弟ナワーフを皇太子に、甥ナーセルを首相に任命し、要職をジャービル系で独占した。
- After Sabah became Chief, he named his younger half brother Nawaf, who has the same father, as Crown Prince and his nephew Nasser as Prime Minister, and major positions are taken up by the Jabir line.
- 明治4年7月14日(1871年8月29日)14時、明治政府は在東京の知藩事を皇居に集めて廃藩置県を命じた。
- At 2 pm on August 29, 1871, the Meiji government gathered chihanji at the Imperial palace and ordered the implementation of haihan-chiken.
- この戦いで兼定はかろうじて逃げ延び命長らえたが復讐戦の契機は訪れず、隠遁の末に10年後に40歳で死去した。
- Kanesada Ichijo, who barely escaped with his life from the battle, did not have another opportunity for a revenge battle, and he died at the age of 40 after living in retirement for 10 years.
- 明治政府は12月に黒田清隆を特命全権大使に任命し軍艦3隻などの艦隊をともなって朝鮮に派遣した(砲艦外交)。
- The Meiji Government appointed Kiyotaka KURODA as a plenipotentiary in December and dispatched him to Korea with a fleet including three warships (gunboat diplomacy).
- その他の姓(カバネ)としては、百済滅亡後に亡命してきた百済王族に与えられた百済王氏(こにきし)などがある。
- Other kabane included konikishi which was given to the Royal Families of Baekje after fleeing to Japan due to the fall of their country.
- この事件に隣国下野国の住人藤原秀郷も荷担していたのか、朝廷は下野国衙に秀郷とその党18人の配流を命令する。
- The imperial court ordered the kokuga of Shimonotsuke Province to exile FUJIWARA no Hidesato and eighteen of his party since FUJIWARA no Hidesato, who was the junin (cultivation manor lord) of neighboring province of Shimonotsuke Province may have participated in the assassination.
- 事件を聞いた大御所徳川家康の命を受け、京都所司代の板倉勝重およびその三男板倉重昌が調査に当たることとなった。
- Hearing of the scandal, retired Shogun Ieyasu TOKUGAWA ordered Kyoto Shoshidai Katsushige ITAKURA and his third son Shigemasa ITAKURA to investigate into the matter.
- そこで兼通は太政大臣に就任して源兼明を皇族に復帰させて左大臣を止めさせる詔勅を出させ、頼忠を一上に任命した。
- So Kanemichi took the post of prime minister, made MINAMOTO no Kaneakira return to the emperor's family and made the minister of the left resign by issuing an imperial edict, and appointed Yoritada as ichinokami.
- また、在庁官人は、郡司・郷司・保司に任命されると、郡・郷・保の公領・公田を自らの所領として扱う傾向があった。
- And when zaichokanjin were appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi, they were likely to deal with public domains and public rice fields in gun, go, and ho as their own lands.
- 巻末では、飛倉の巻で登場した倉の朽ち果てたさまが描かれ、それによって主人公である命蓮の臨終を暗示して終わる。
- The end of the scroll shows the dilapidated granary of the Flying Granary, which implies the death of the main character, Myoren.
- 慶応3年12月13日 (旧暦)(1868年1月7日)に、明治政府の命令によって京都所司代とともに廃止された。
- On January 7, 1868, it was abolished along with Kyoto Shoshidai by order of the Meiji Government.
- 長宗我部氏による四国統一を良しとしない信長は、天正10年2月に元親へ土佐・阿波2郡のみの領有と上京を命じた。
- As Nobunaga did not want to have Shikoku unified by the Chosokabe clan, he ordered Motochika in March and April 1582 to govern only two Provinces, Tosa and Awa, and visit Kyoto.
- 西軍の派遣部隊と対戦したが、後陽成天皇の勅命により、城を敵明け渡した(詳細については細川幽斎の項目を参照)。
- Facing a detached unit of the Seigun (Western army) however, he quit the castle under the royal orders of the Emperor Goyozei. (For further details, refer to Yusai HOSOKAWA)
- 町名は下の例のように、従前の「京北町大字A字B」を「右京区京北A町B」と改称する原則によって命名されている。
- As the following example shows, in principle, town's name of 'Aza B, Oaza A, Keihoku Town' was changed to 'B, Keihoku-A-cho, Ukyo Ward.'
- 天正18年(1590年)小田原の役がおこり、豊臣秀吉は小田原城を包囲し、関東、東北地方の諸氏に参陣を命じた。
- In 1590, when the Siege of Odawara occurred, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and his army, surrounding Odawara-jo Castle, ordered other clans in Kanto and Tohoku to join the battle.
- 慶応2年(1866年)老中に任ぜられ、第二次長州征伐の大将を命ぜられるが、準備のため帰国した沼津で急死する。
- He was assigned the post of roju in 1866 and was assigned the position of captain of the Second conquest of Choshu; however, he suddenly died in Numazu when he was preparing for the war.
- また、新しい県令などの上層部には旧藩とは縁のない人物を任命するためにその県の出身者を起用しない方針を採った。
- In order to appoint persons who had no relation with a former domain to a senior post such as kenrei, a policy to not appoint those that hailed from prefecture in question was adopted.
- 1876年(明治9年)9月6日、明治天皇は、「元老院議長有栖川宮熾仁親王へ国憲起草を命ずるの勅語」を発した。
- On September 6, 1876, the Emperor Meiji issued 'Ordinance to order the Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to draft a national constitution.'
- 幕府滅亡時まで御分国だったのは駿河国・相模国・武蔵国・越後国で、相模・武蔵の国司には執権・連署が任命された。
- The Kanto Gobunkoku that remained until the fall of the Kamakura bakufu were Suruga Province, Sagami Province, Musashi Province and Echigo Province, while the officials assigned to Sagami Province and Musashi Province were regents/cosignatories of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 1874年4月に蕃地事務局を設置し、長官に大隈重信、陸軍中将の西郷従道を事務局長に任命して全権が与えられた。
- In April 1874, Banchi Office (Taiwan Expedition Office) was established and Shigenobu OKUMA was appointed as director general and Lieutenant General Tsugumichi SAIGO as commander of the Taiwan expeditionary force, giving them full authority.
- 戦後処理終了後、秀吉はまもなく畿内に大阪城の築城を開始し、また同年5月には朝廷から従四位下参議に任命された。
- Completing the postwar process, Hideyoshi soon began to build Osaka-jo Castle in the Kinai Region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and in June of the same year, was appointed Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade), Sangi (councilor) by the Imperial Court.
- 宇治に出動した正盛・忠盛・重時は検非違使だったが、検非違使別当・藤原宗忠の指示を介さず法皇の命令で派兵された。
- Masamori, Tadamori and Shigetoki, who were deployed to Uji, were the kebiishi (police and judicial chief), but they were ordered to be deployed by the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa without an instruction from FUJIWARA no Munetada, the kebiishi no betto (Superintendent of the Imperial Police).
- 奢侈禁止令(しゃしきんしれい)とは、贅沢(奢侈)を禁止して倹約を推奨・強制するための法令及び命令の一群である。
- Sumptuary laws are a series of laws, ordinances, and orders that ban luxury (Shashi) and promote or force thrift.
- 息石耳命(いきそみみのみこと、またはおきそみみのみこと、生没年未詳)は、「日本書紀」に登場する古墳時代の皇族。
- Ikisomimi no mikoto (or Okisomimi no mikoto, the date of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Imperial family who appears in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) who lived during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- しかし朝鮮中期以降は初期と比べて短命であるとか、傍系承統で峰位であり賃金が相対的に高かったため王権が失墜した。
- However, sovereignty dropped because life got shorter in the middle period of Korean dynasty compared to the early period, the collateral line succeeded to the throne and the wage was relatively high.
- 同2年(702年)1月17日、新しく設けられた斎宮寮長官「斎宮頭」に、従五位下であった当麻真人橘が任命された。
- On February 22, 702, 当麻真人橘, who held Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), was assigned the role of Saiku no kami (a director of the Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise).
- 革命の指導者オリバー・クロムウェルは1649年にチャールズ1世 (イングランド王)を処刑し、王政が廃止された。
- In 1649, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the revolution, executed Charles I (then King of England) and abolished the monarchy.
- しかし本来律令制の律が定めた謀叛は意味が異なり、外国と通謀して本国に害をなしたり、亡命したりすることまで含む。
- However, muhon defined in ritsu (laws) of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), written in kanji indicating 'a scheme of disobedience,' originally had a different meaning and includes an act of conspiring with enemy for the purpose of harming one's home country, as well as seeking asylum.
- 預かり人が命令に従わず、全部あるいは半分以上を所領とした場合にはこれを厳罰として本所領は全て本所側に返還する。
- If an azukarinin disobeyed the law and seized more than half of the territory, they were punished severely and forced to return the entire territory back to the honjo.
- 京都守護職の松平容保は犯人捕縛を命じ、浪士の一斉蜂起も懸念されたが、4月には犯人は逮捕され、8月には処罰される。
- Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto shugoshiki (post of provincial constable), ordered the criminals arrested despite concern about an all-out uprising by the roshi, but the criminals were arrested in April and punished in August.
- 禖子は、後醍醐の冷遇のもとで12歳になるまで元服もできず、正式な命名もされていなかった邦良の第1王子を推薦した。
- Baishi recommended Kuniyoshi's first prince, who was treated coldly by Godaigo, not allowed to have the coming-of -age ceremony until 12 and not yet officially named.
- だが、近世に入って江戸幕府が士農工商を問わずに発令した贅沢を禁じる法令及び命令の一群はその中でも群を抜いていた。
- In the early-modern times, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) announced a series of laws and ordinances to ban luxuries for every walk of life, such as samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants, in Edo society, and a prominent number of such laws and ordnances were issued.
- 1180年に発足した初期鎌倉幕府は、御家人の中から荘園・公領の徴税事務や管理・警察権を司る地頭を任命していった。
- The early Kamakura bakufu, established in 1180, appointed the jito who was responsible for the office work of tax collection and the control and police power in shoen and koryo from gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 中世以後においては、「公家御下知違背事也」(『沙汰未練書』)と解され、漠然と天皇の命令に逆らうことと考えられる。
- In and after the Middle Ages, the Ichoku was understood as 'punishing all the violations against judgements issued by court nobles' (according to the book called 'Satamirensho'), and by people, it is ambiguously thought to have gone against an Emperor's command.
- 平安時代末期、左大臣時代の実能が衣笠山の西南麓を所有した別邸を営み、その中に持仏堂を建て徳大寺(得大寺)と命名。
- During the late Heian period, Saneyoshi, who were then minister of the left, owned a villa at the southwest foot of Mount Kinugasayama, and built therein a jibutsudo (the hall for the family's protective deity) called Tokudai-ji Temple.
- 自治会(地区会・町内会)や消防団の地域分団の編成単位として、地域自治の最小単位としての命脈を保っている面がある。
- They have survived as the smallest unit of regional autonomy and as an organization unit of residents' association (for example, a regional association, a neighborhood association) or a local fire brigade of a fire company.
- 西南戦争が勃発した明治10年(1877年)2月、屯田事務局は黒田開拓長官の命令で、屯田兵小隊を函館港に派遣した。
- In February, 1877 when the Seinan War broke out, the Tondenhei Bureau sent a tondenhei platoon to the Hakodate port by orders of KURODA Reclamation General.
- このほか、同年4月12日の布告では、諸藩に対して御誓文の趣旨に沿って人材抜擢などの改革を進めることを命じている。
- Other than those, on the declaration of April 12 in the same year it ordered domains to proceed with reform such as selection for talented people based on the purpose of Charter Oath.
- こうした流れは、体系的な律令法典の制定へと帰着することになり、681年に天武天皇は律令制定を命ずる詔を発出した。
- This trend resulted in the establishment of a systematic Ritsuryo code, and in 681, Emperor Tenmu issued an Imperial edict ordering enforcement of the Ritsuryo.
- 受領層は彼ら田堵(=開発領主)を荘官に任命し、その土地の実効支配権を認める代わりに、荘官から一定の税収を受け取る。
- The Juryoso (career provincial official class) assigned the Tato (cultivators) (=Kaihatsu-ryoshu) to Shokan (a general term for a variety of shoen (manor) officials responsible for the management and assignment of duties, tax collection, and protection of shoen) and collected certain tax revenues from the Shokan in exchange for recognizing their effective authorities for the lands.
- 一方、橘繁延は土佐国、蓮茂は佐渡国、藤原千晴は隠岐国にそれぞれ流され、さらに源連、平貞節の追討が諸国へ命じられた。
- Meanwhile, TACHIBANA no Shigenobu, Renmo, and FUJIWARA no Chiharu, were exiled to Tosa Province, Sado Province, and Oki Province respectively, and all provinces were ordered to track down and kill MINAMOTO no Tsuranu and TAIRA no Sadatoki.
- 2月14日_(旧暦)、空席になっていた関白の後任に左大臣近衛基熙ではなく、それより下位の右大臣一条冬経を任命する。
- On March 22, he filled the vacant position of Kanpaku (Chief Adviser to the Emperor) with, instead of Sadaijin Motohiro KONOE, Udaijin (Minister of the Right) Fuyutsune ICHIJO, lower in rank than Konoe.
- 後宇多法皇は死の間際まで皇太子の邦良親王を大覚寺統の嫡流として、後醍醐天皇は一刻も早く譲位を行うように命じていた。
- Up until his death, the Cloistered Emperor Gouda continued to order Emperor Godaigo to handover the throne to Crown Prince Kuniyoshi as the legitimate direct heir to the Daikakuji line.
- 山城国田原に逃れた信西は源光保の追撃を振り切れず、郎等の藤原師光(西光)らに命じて自らを地中に埋めさせて自害した。
- Shinzei, who had fled to Tawara in Yamashiro Province, found himself unable to shake off MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu's pursuit, so he ordered FUJIWARA no Morimitsu (also known as Saiko) and his other retainers to bury him in the earth, thereby committing suicide.
- 物部氏は饒速日命を始祖とする一族であるから、この四天王寺の地は本来、物部発祥の聖地であったと考えてよさそうである。
- Considering the fact that the Mononobe clan consider their founding father as Nigihaya no mikoto, the land where Shitenno-ji Temple is located seems to be originally the holy place where the Mononobe clan started.
- そして、康応元年(1389年)義満は康行討伐の命を下して、翌明徳元年(1390年)にこれを下した(土岐康行の乱)。
- Yoshimitsu gave an order to subjugate Yasuyuki in 1389, and in the following year, 1390, his order was executed (Yasuyuki TOKI's Rebellion).
- 天平6年4月23日(734年)に出された勅(天皇の命令)には、「健児・儲士・選士の租と雑徭を半分免除する」とある。
- The Imperial decree issued on May 30, 734, said that kondei, choshi (non-regular soldiers) and senshi (soldiers guarding the Kyushu region) were exempted from a half amount of both so (rice tax) and zoyo (irregular corvee).
- 江戸幕府が成立すると、幕府は禁中並公家諸法度を制定して、摂政・関白は幕府の推薦なくして任命できない仕組みとなった。
- When the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, it enacted the Kinchu Narabini Kuge Shohatto (Court Noble's Act), whereby the structure in which the appointment of a regent or chief advisor to the Emperor could not be made without a recommendation by the bakufu.
- 倭迹迹日百襲媛命大物主神の妻となるが、大物主の本体が蛇であることを知って驚き、倒れこみ、箸が陰部に刺さって死んだ。
- Yamatototohimomosohime no mikoto became the wife of Omono nushi no kami, but she fell down in surprise when she found out that the true form of Omono nushi to be a snake, and died because a chopstick had stuck into her private parts.
- しかし清盛の継母にあたる池禅尼の助命嘆願で許され、摂津源氏の源頼政一族の知行国でもある伊豆国の蛭ヶ小島へ流された。
- However, Ike no Zinnia, Kiyomori's mother-in-law, plead for his life, and he was exiled to Hiruga-kojima Island, Izu Province, chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) of the family of MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, Settsu-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 三千代は天武天皇朝から命婦として仕え、文武天皇の乳母をつとめたともされ、後宮の実力者として皇室と深い関係にあった。
- Michiyo served as Myobu (a high-ranking court lady) from the Emperor Tenmu's era, and is also said to have been the Emperor Monmu's menoto (wet nurse), having an intimate connection with the Imperial family as an influential person in the kokyu (empress's residence).
- 小笠原貞頼が徳川家康に命じられ、南方探検に出た際、文禄2年(1593年)に小笠原諸島を発見しているといわれている。
- It is said that in 1593 Sadayori OGASAWARA made an expedition toward south by order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and found Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands).
- こうした梁の傾向は戊戌政変後に日本に亡命して以降顕著となるが、それは彼が当時求めていた国民国家創出と深く関係する。
- Liang Qichao more clearly showed this tendency when he lived in exile in Japan after the 1898 coup over the Hundred Days' Reforms; this tendency was closely tied with the creation of a nation-state that he sought at that time.
- 一方、国衙(こくが)・国分寺などに任命された国司(貴族)・官人や僧侶などによって地方にも新しい文物がもたらされた。
- At the same time, various products of the new culture were also distributed to local regions by provincial governors (nobles), government officials and monks, who were delegated to kokuga (provincial government offices) and kokubun-ji (provincial temples).
- さらに、管領細川持之が土倉から賄賂一千貫を貰って保護の為に、出兵命令を出したという事実を知った守護大名は出兵を拒否。
- Besides, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) who had learned that kanrei (shogunal deputy) Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA ordered that troops be dispatched to protect the doso in exchange for 1,000 kan bribe from the doso, blocked the dispatch of the troops.
- 令旨(りょうじ)とは、律令制のもとで出された、皇太子・三后(太皇太后・皇太后・皇后)の命令を伝えるために出した文書。
- Ryoji refers to a document issued under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code by princes, empresses, etc.) for conveying orders of princes and three sango (Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress).
- これらの没収領は畿内・西国を中心に3000箇所にのぼり、御家人たちは恩賞として没収領の地頭に任命された(新補地頭)。
- The number of these confiscated lands was up to 3000, centering on the Kinai and Saigoku (western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)) regions, and the gokenins were appointed to the jitos of the confiscated lands as onsho (reward grants) (Shinpo-Jito, new estate steward for territories confiscated from the imperial court).
- 六国史後を継ぐ史書として、鳥羽上皇(1103年-1156年、天皇在位1107年-1123年)の命により、信西が編纂。
- It was compiled by FUJIWARA no Shinzei as a history book that continued the legacy of Rikkokushi (the Six National Histories), upon the imperial order by the Retired Emperor Toba (1103-1156, reigned as an emperor: 1107-1123).
- 時光は後に頼綱とともに、豊臣秀吉の命を受けた金森長近の軍と戦って攻め滅ぼされてしまい、姉小路家は名実ともに滅亡した。
- Tokimitsu later fought together with Yoritsuna against the army of Nagachika KANAMORI, who under the command of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, but was destroyed, and this led to the end of both the Anegakoji family and the family name.
- 承久3年(1221年)後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗し、上皇は隠岐に配流される(承久の乱)。
- In 1221 the Retired Emperor Gotoba with a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province (Jokyu War).
- 室町時代の後半になると関東公方の足利氏が衰微しており、8代松田頼秀は京都に居住していたが、将軍の命で関東に下向した。
- In the late Muromachi period, the Ashikaga clan as Kanto-kubo (Governor-general in Kanto region) declined, and the eighth head Yorihide MATSUDA, who lived in Kyoto, went to Kanto by order of the shogun.
- 東征大総督として有栖川宮熾仁親王が任命され、東海道・中山道・北陸道にそれぞれ東征軍(官軍とも呼ばれた)が派遣された。
- Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito was appointed as Tosei Daitokutfu (the Great Governor-General in charge of the military expedition to the east), and dispatched the expeditionary force to the east (also called the Imperial army) to the areas of Tokai-do Road, Nakasen-do Road, and Hokuriku-do Road.
- 樺太にはこれ以後高官が派遣されることも任命されることもなく、樺太開拓使は明治4年(1871年)8月7日に廃止された。
- No high officers were dispatched to Sakhalin nor appointed since then, and Sakhalin Development Commissioner was abolished on August 7, 1871.
- 絶望的な戦いに命が惜しくなって逃げ出してしまったという解釈もあるが、『陰徳太平記』によると、下記のように記している。
- Certain views understood that he fled holding his life dear, but 'Intoku Taiheiki' understood as follows:
- 5月22日、淵辺は佐敷口の湯ノ浦に進撃することを決め、干城隊三・四番中隊、鵬翼隊六番中隊、その他2隊に進軍を命じた。
- On May 22, FUCHIBE decided to attack Yunoura in Sashikiguchi, and commanded the 3rd and 4th companies of the Kanjo-tai troop, the 6th company of the Hoyoku-tai troop, and other two troops to march.
- 是より先、戦死者を収拾するに方り、一兵卒其の隻眼を銃射せられ、八日間晶外に外れ、絶えて飲食せず、能く生命を保てりと。
- In collecting the dead body of the war after this, it is said that a low-level soldier, whose eye was shot by a gun, was out of Shogai for eight days, ate nothing and drank nothing, but was still alive.
- このため、公家の官位昇進が完全に停滞し仮に大臣を任命しようにもその要件を満たした公卿がいないという有様となっていった。
- Consequently, advancement in official ranks among court nobles was hindered, and one could not find a court noble with a suitable official rank to serve as a minister when trying to appoint one.
- 翌7月18日には、西軍総大将である毛利輝元の名で、伏見城の守将・鳥居元忠に対して伏見城を明け渡すように命令が出された。
- On the next day, July 18, an order to surrender Fushimi-jo Castle was issued to the defending general, Mototada TORII, in the name of Terumoto MORI, the commander-in-chief of the western army.
- 元暦2年(1185年)5月、命令に反して義経は宗盛・清宗父子を護送する名目で鎌倉市へ向かうが、腰越で止められてしまう。
- In June, 1185, Yoshitsune disobeyed Yoritomo's order and headed for Kamakura City under the pretense of escorting Munemori and his son Kiyomune there, but was stopped at Koshigoe.
- その後も寛文7年(1667年)、天明8年(1788年)、天保13年(1842年)にも繰り返し同様の命令が出されている。
- Similar orders were issued repeatedly in 1667, 1788, and 1842.
- 島民を巨済島などに住まわせ、対馬を朝鮮領土と見なして州郡の名称と印信を賜れば、我々は適切に臣下の礼をもって命令に従う。
- If you would allow us islanders to live on Geoje Island and its neighboring islands, and honor us by viewing Tsushima as being under Korea's dominion and granting us a new provincial label and seal, we, as your grateful retainers, will obey your orders accordingly.'
- とくに正徳時に老中土屋政直の命令によって大量に作成されたが、対馬藩に残る『正徳度朝鮮通信使行列図巻』はその典型である。
- In particular, many such pictures in the Shotoku era were drawn by an order from Masanao TSUCHIYA, including 'A Scroll of Pictures of a Procession of Chosen Tsushinshi in the Shotoku Era' remaining in the Tsushima Domain that is a typical example.
- 当初は1.とは無関係に存在していたが、宝暦9年(1759年)に時の桃園天皇の命により、1.の祭祀を引き継ぐ事になった。
- Initially, the Ano family was unrelated to (1), but was ordered to take over religious duties from (1) in 1759 by the order of the then Emperor Momozono.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に付近で討死した者や、江戸時代の一揆で刑罰の一覧された人に念仏をあげたことが命名の由来とされている。
- It is said that Nenbutsu-toge was named from the Buddhist invocation (Nenbutsu in Japanese) given to people who were killed around this mountain pass in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States) (Japan), or whose punishments for a crime of riot were witnessed in the Edo period.
- 外務大丞、清特命全権公使、ロシア帝国公使、元老院 (日本)議長、枢密院 (日本)、宮中顧問官を歴任し、伯爵に叙された。
- He successively served as Gaimu taijo (Senior Secretary of the Foreign Ministry), Envoy Extraordinary to the Qing Dynasty, minister-counselor to the Russian Empire, chairman of Japan's Genroin (Chamber of Elders), a member of Japan's Privy Council, and Imperial Court Councilor; subsequently, he was awarded the rank of count.
- しかし、共に短命の藩主が多く、1799年に尾張德川家、その1801年には高須松平家で、義直の男系子孫は断絶してしまう。
- However, many of the family heads of both the Owari Tokugawa and Takasu Matsudaira families were short-lived; therefore, Yoshinao's direct male descendants died out in the Owari Tokugawa family in 1799, and in the Takasu Matsudaira family in 1801.
- 義俊は家中の信望を失っており、1622年(元和 (日本)8年)、最上氏は騒動を理由に幕命により改易されることとなった。
- Yoshitoshi lost the confidence of his family members and the Mogami clan was deprived of his fief for the reason of the trouble by the order of the bakufu in 1622.
- 明治元年1月27日に大坂に設けたのを初めとして、個別に総督、副総督の任命を発令し、同年4月までに12の裁判所を設けた。
- Starting with the establishment of the Osaka local court on January 27, 1868, the government appointed governors and vice governors for each local court and set up twelve local courts by April same year.
- この時に第2旅団本営にたまたま居合わせた野津道貫大佐(弟)は旅団幹部と謀って増援を送るとともに、稲荷山の確保を命じた。
- Colonel Michitsura NOZU (younger brother), who happened to be at the headquarters of the 2nd brigade, decided with the leaders of the brigade to send reinforcements and also commanded them to occupy the Inariyama hill.
- この革命の象徴となり、アジア初の本格的立憲君主となった明治天皇について、諸外国では日本以上に高く評価されることもある。
- Emperor Meiji, who became the symbol of this revolution and the constitutional monarch for the first time in Asia, is sometimes more valued in foreign countries than in Japan.
- 翌年、ナポレオンのエルバ島脱出によってルイ18世は再び国外へ亡命するが、ナポレオンの支配が百日天下に終わると帰国した。
- In the following year, when Napoleon escaped from the Elba, Louis XVIII defected abroad again but returned to France soon after Napoleon's hundred days' rule ended.
- 同年、天武天皇により律令制定を命ずる詔が発令され、天武没後の689年(持統3年6月)に飛鳥浄御原令が頒布・制定された。
- In the same year, the Emperor Tenmu issued Mikotonori (imperial edict) ordering the establishment of Ritsuryo codes, and in 689 after the Emperor Tenmu died, Asukakiyomihararyo (the legal code of Japanese ancient state) was distributed and established.
- 小区には戸長と副戸長をおき、これには江戸時代の村役人(庄屋・名主)や町役人(年寄など)、大庄屋などの経験者を任命した。
- Each Shoku was controlled by a kocho and a deputy kocho, to which experienced village and town administrators during the Edo Period, such as shoya, nanushi and toshiyori, were appointed.
- 叛は具体的には蕃国(外国)に投じること、城や領土を敵に渡すことをいい、現代的に言えば亡命、敵前投降、外敵通謀にあたる。
- In concrete terms disobedience means throwing oneself into a barbarian (foreign) country, or handing over the castle or territory to enemy, and in modern terms falls under seeking asylum, surrendering under enemy fire or conspiring with enemy.
- 織田政権が永禄10年(1567年)に岐阜城の城下町である加納宿に楽市楽座とともに地子免許を命じたのが初例とされている。
- The regime of Nobunaga ODA is said to have granted jishi menkyo to Kano-juku (a castle town of Gifu Castle) and allowed the town to implement raku ichi raku za (a commercial policy that permitted free markets and open guilds) for the first time in 1567.
- 制札警護を命じられた新選組は、三条大橋を中心とした3拠点に隊士を配置し、いつでも包囲体制をとれるように準備を整えていた。
- Ordered to guard the noticeboard, Shinsengumi were ready to surrender criminals at any time by arranging members at three points centered around Sanjo-ohashi bridge.
- また、天皇と律令法との関係で重要であったのは、生命刑である死罪 (律令法)執行の大権は天皇のみに帰属していたことである。
- An important point in the relationship between the Emperor and ritsuryo law is that the prerogative for the execution of death sentence (ritsuryo law), a capital punishment, belonged solely to the Emperor.
- 公教と惟方により二条天皇の六波羅行幸の計画が練られ、藤原尹明(信西の従兄弟・惟方の義兄弟)が密命を帯びて内裏に参入する。
- A plan to spirit Emperor Nijo away by having him make a visit to Rokuhara was perfected thanks to Kiminori and Korekata, while FUJIWARA no Tadaaki (Shinzei's cousin and Korekata's brother-in-law, also known as Masaaki) paid a visit to the Imperial Palace bearing a secret order.
- 徳政令(とくせいれい)とは、日本の中世、鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて朝廷、幕府などが債権や債務の放棄を命じた法令である。
- The 'Tokuseirei' (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts) was acts by the Imperial Court and the bakufu (Japanese feudal governments headed by a shogun) during the Middle Ages in Japan, from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period.
- またその際、藤原伊周は勅命によるもの以外は禁止されている呪術である大元帥法をひそかに行ったとして、大宰権帥に左遷された。
- At that time, FUJIWARA no Korechika was accused of secretly conducting a magic ritual called Daigensuiho that was under a ban without a royal command, and was relegated to the position of Dazai gon no sochi (provisional governor-general of the Dazai-fu [local government office in Kyushu region]).
- その2日後の17日、仁明天皇は伴健岑と橘逸勢、その一味とみなされるものを逮捕し、六衛府に命じて平安京の警備を厳戒させた。
- The Emperor Ninmyo arrested TOMO no Kowamine, TACHIBANA no Hayanari and the alleged conspirators on August 30, two days after the retired emperor's death, directing the Rokuefu (six divisions assuming the guard duty of palace) to strengthen the security of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto).
- 古今和歌集:延喜5年(905年)に醍醐天皇が紀貫之、紀友則、凡河内躬恒、壬生忠岑等に編纂を命じて出来た最初の勅撰和歌集。
- Kokin Wakashu: Japan's first chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) in 905 which was ordered by the Emperor Daigo and compiled by KI no Tsurayuki, KI no Tomonori, OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, MIBU no Tadamine, etc.
- にも関わらず、7月3日に足利義昭は勅命を破棄して再度挙兵し、二条城に三淵藤英を入れて守らせ、自らは槇島城に立て籠もった。
- In spite of that, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA abondoned the imperial command, raised yet another army and barricaded himself and his army in Makishima-jo Castle while making Fujihide MITSUBUCHI guard Nijo-jo Castle.
- 延暦13年(794年)11月8日の平安京命名の際に、桓武天皇が、山河が襟帯して自然に城をなす形勝から、山城国に改称した。
- On November 8, 794 (Enryaku 13), when the capital was named Heian-kyo (Heian Palace), the Emperor Kammu changed the second letter of the province's name to 山城国
- 慶応3年3月、伊東らの一派は思想の違いなどから御陵衛士を拝命して隊から分派するが、同年11月、新選組によって粛清される。
- In March 1867, ITO and his group, due to differences in ideology, were assigned the post of Goryo Eji and separated from Shinsen-gumi, but were purged by Shinsen-gumi in November of the same year.
- また、亡命先で死亡した将軍が4名いる(10代 足利義稙(義稙)、11代 足利義澄、12代 足利義晴、14代 足利義栄)。
- Also, four shoguns who died in their place of exile (the tenth, Yoshitane ASHIKAGA; eleventh, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA; twelfth, Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA; and fourteenth, Yoshihide ASHIKAGA).
- そして1615年、定次は大坂冬の陣で城方に内通したという責めによって、幕命により息子の筒井順定とともに自害を命じられた。
- In 1615, Sadatsugu was ordered by the Shogunate to commit suicide together with his son Juntei TSUTSUI on charge of his secret communication with the people of Osaka-jo Castle (the enemy) during Winter Siege of Osaka.
- 古賀達也は『海部氏勘注系図』とは別の高良大社に残る「高良記」系図にある二十一代目の「天造日女命」を卑弥呼と同定している。
- Apart from 'A Family Tree of the Amabe Family,' Tatsuya KOGA identified the 21st generation, 'Ametsukuru Hime Mikoto,' in the 'Record of Kora,' which was left in Kora Taisha Shrine with Himiko.
- 孫文も日本亡命時には『明治維新は中国革命の第一歩であり、中国革命は明治維新の第二歩である』との言葉を犬養毅へ送っている。
- For example, Sun Yat-sen told Tsuyoshi INUKAI, 'the Meiji Restoration is the first step of the China's revolution, and the China's revolution is the second step of the Meiji Restoration' when he came to Japan as a refugee.
- 年足は、武智麻呂次男の藤原仲麻呂が設立した紫微中台の大弼としてその補佐に当たり、中流貴族としてなんとかその命脈を保った。
- Toshitari served as Daihitsu (senior assistant president) to the Shibi chudai (the office handled the principal Empress Komyo's affairs) which was established by FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (the second son of Muchimaro), and barely maintained his standing as a middle class nobility.
- 大内義興の死後、息子の大内義隆が後を継ぐと、義隆は各地を転戦していた陶興房を九州に派遣し、北九州を攻略するように命じた。
- When father Yoshioki OUCHI died and Yoshitaka OUCHI inherited from his father, Yoshitaka commanded Okifusa SUE, who had taken part in various battles, to conquer northern Kyushu, dispatching him to Kyushu.
- 築城には公儀御奉行3名が付けられ、尾張藩や越前藩など7か国12大名(15大名とも)が手伝いを命じられる天下普請であった。
- In building the castle, three kogiobugyo (shogunate administrator) were appointed, and the construction was tenka bushin (daimyo from every province helping the castle construction under the order of bakufu, shogunate) in which twelve daimyo (or fifteen daimyo) in seven provinces including Owari Domain and Echizen Domain was ordered to help.
- これを受け、関白となった秀吉は、1585年(天正13年)10月島津氏と大友氏に朝廷権威を以て停戦を命令(惣無事令)した。
- In response to this, Hideyoshi who had become a chancellor, ordered the Shimazu clan and the Otomo clan to cease fire by authority of the imperial court (sobuji rei - Peace edicts) in October 1585.
- 一方で、頼朝は、義仲に対する牽制として源範頼、源義経らに京都への進軍を命じて範頼・義経軍は11月初めには近江まで到着した。
- On the other hand, to hold Yoshinaka in check, Yoritomo sent MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune towards Kyoto and the Noriyori/Yoshitsune forces reached Omi Province in the beginning of November.
- 清盛は皇子を皇太子にすることを法皇に迫り12月9日、親王宣旨が下されて安徳天皇(ときひと)と命名され、15日、立太子した。
- Kiyomori demanded to make the imperial prince as the crown prince to the cloistered emperor, and Shinno senji (a letter of the order of the emperor which demanded the inauguration of crown prince) was carried out to name the imperial prince as Emperor Antoku (Tokihito) on January 14 (December 9 in old lunar calendar), and he was formally installed as the Crown Prince on January 20 (December 15 in old lunar calendar).
- さらに薩摩藩は藩士に命じ江戸で騒擾を起こさせたため、旧幕府軍は討薩表を掲げて、京都を軍事力によって鎮定するべく兵を進めた。
- Furthermore, the former Shogunate forces advanced to pacify Kyoto under the banner of 'the statement to the Emperor on avenging Satsuma' (to-satsu-hyo) because the Satsuma Domain had ordered its retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo.
- 同年9月18日 (旧暦)、会津藩の催した角屋での宴会で泥酔して屯所に帰宅した芹沢は、寝込みを近藤勇一派に襲われて絶命した。
- On September 18 of the same year (old calendar), when SERIZAWA became severely drunk during a party held by the Aizu domain in Sumiya and returned to base, KONDO's faction surprise attacked SERIZAWA in his sleep and killed him.
- 鎌倉幕府が成立すると、鎌倉殿が御家人を地頭へ任命するという形で本領安堵・新恩給与、すなわち御恩がほどこされるようになった。
- When the Kamakura bakufu was established, the benefit of honryoando or sinonkyuyo, or that of goon, was given by Kamakura-dono to gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) in the form that Kamakura-dono appointed them to jito (the managers and lords of manors).
- 織田信長の時代には都に戻ったが、豊臣秀吉が関白太政大臣に任命された天正13年(1586年)に勅勘を蒙り、再び地方に下った。
- In the era of Nobunaga ODA, the family returned to the capital, but in 1586, when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was appointed Kanpaku Dajodaijin (imperial regent and grand minister), was punished by Imperial order and sent back to the provinces.
- 『山城国風土記』逸文では、賀茂県主の祖の賀茂建角身命は神武天皇の先導をした後、大和の葛城を通って山城国へ至ったとしている。
- A surviving fragment of 'Yamashirokoku-fudoki' (description of regional climate, culture, etc.) states that KAMO taketsunumi no mikoto, the ancestor of KAMO no agatanushi, passed through Katsuragi in Yamato on his way to Yamashiro Province after guiding the Emperor Jinmu.
- 関ヶ原の戦いにおいて徳川家からその功績を認められた有馬豊氏は、横須賀藩から石高を増やしたうえで福知山へと国替を命ぜられた。
- Toyouji ARIMA whose achievement in the Battle of Sekigahara was recognized by the Tokugawa family was given an increased yield and ordered to move to Fukuchiyama from the Yokosuka clan.
- それでも一色氏の命脈は戦国期を通じて永らえたが、1579年7月に一色氏が細川幽斎に滅ぼされて以来、細川氏が丹後を支配した。
- Some of the Isshiki clan survived through the Sengoku period for a fairly long time, but in July 1579 Yusai HOSOKAWA defeated the Isshiki clan and thereafter controlled Tango Province.
- また、クーデターや、信長による古くからの日本社会を変革させる急進的な動き(仏教弾圧など)への反動(反革命)との理解も多い。
- Also, many persons understand that it was a coup d'état or a reaction (antirevolutionary act -revolution) against Nobunaga's radical behavior to change traditional society of Japan (such as oppression of Buddhism).
- 一方「謀叛」はいわゆる天皇に危害を加えるなどの大逆罪を含まない国家(政権)の転覆及び敵国への内通・亡命などが対象となった。
- On the other hand, '謀叛' was a crime of attempting to overthrow the government without damaging the emperor (without high treason crime), as well as betrayal or defection to foreign countries.
- しかしながら、河野が本営に帰還するよう命じられたことによる右翼の指揮官が不在となり、官軍の援軍の参戦、弾薬の不足となった。
- However, since KONO was ordered to return to the headquarters, the commander of the right flank became absent, and the Satsuma army ran out of ammunition, but on the other hand, reinforcements for the government army arrived.
- 公式の接待係には、イギリスへの留学経験などがあり当時の皇族中で随一の外国通であった有栖川宮威仁親王(海軍大佐)を任命した。
- The government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Tsunahito (a navy colonel) as a host because he had studied in England and was the only person in the Imperial family who was well-versed in foreign affairs.
- 和平成立後、家康は京都から駿府へ戻り、秀忠も伏見に戻ったが、一方で国友鍛冶に大砲の製造を命じるなど、戦争準備を行っている。
- After pacification was made, Ieyasu returned from Kyoto to Sunpu, and Hidetada to Fushimi, however, on the other hand, they ordered blacksmiths in Kunitomo to manufacture cannons to prepare for war.
- 旧来地域の様々な問題を自治的に解決してきた町村を否定して、代わりに中央の命令の伝達と施行しかしない機関を設けたからである。
- It is because the government undervalued the villages and towns which had resolved various regional issues autonomously for a long period of time, but instead established an administrative body which did nothing but relay and enforce the orders of the central government.
- そのため、令制や他の官職解説と異なる記述や任命されることが無くなっていた四等官主典級及び判官級の一部の記事が省かれている。
- As a result, some of its descriptions are different from those of the Ritsuryo system or other instruction manuals and the explanations of fourth grade Sakan (secretary) or Hangan (inspector), to which none were appointed at the time, were omitted.
- 後白河は清盛に延暦寺への攻撃を命じるが、清盛自身は攻撃に消極的であり、むしろ事態を悪化させた後白河や西光に憤りを抱いていた。
- Goshirakawa commanded Kiyomori to attack the Enryaku-ji Temple, but Kiyomori himself was not motivated to attack and instead was angry at Goshirakwa and Saiko for making the situation worse.
- 皇太子どころか親王ですらなく、王に過ぎない彼の奉書形式の命令書は、本来は御教書と呼ばねばならないが、身分を冒してこう称した。
- But Mochihito, far from being the crown prince, wasn't even an acknowledged imperial prince, and as a mere princeling, his order, issued as a hosho (a document for informing lower-rank people of the decision of upper people such as an emperor or shogun) must in fact be called a migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people); and for this reason, he exaggerated his social status with the name he gave himself.
- 礼銭(れいせん)とは、本来は室町幕府において征夷大将軍の任命などの祝い事の際に守護大名や寺社などから献上された祝い金のこと。
- The reisen was originally a gift money presented from Shugo Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), temples and shrines in celebrations such as the appointment of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') at the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかし、桑名藩のように藩主家自体が江戸幕府の命で国替えしている藩では「藩士」の呼称がかならずしも妥当とは言い難い場合もある。
- However, the term is not appropriate for domains, such as the Kuwana Domain, of which the lord family itself came under provincial rule as a result of orders from the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 天皇の高御座着座ののち、執翳女嬬が左右おのおの9人が御前に進んで翳を奉じると、褰帳命婦が東西の階を昇り、高御座の帳を褰げる。
- After Emperor was seated in Takamikura throne, nine of Hatori nyoju (noblewomen) on the right and left sides respectively shielded him from view with Sashiha (long-handled, Chinese style fans) and Kencho-no-myobu went up the stairs on the east and west sides, and then raised Tobari (curtain) of Takamikura.
- その皇族自身が天皇として即位しなかったものの、存命中に子が天皇として即位したために、太上天皇に准じた待遇を受ける例があった。
- There was an example that a member of imperial family who didn't ascend the throne received the treatment equivalent to that of Daijo tenno because his son ascended the throne while he was still alive.
- 上賀茂神社の祭神である賀茂別雷命の祖父にあたる賀茂武角身命が、神武天皇の東征のときにヤタガラスとなって導いたことに由来する。
- It originates that Kamotaketsunomi no mikoto, who was a grandfather of Kamowakeikazuchi no mikoto enshrined in Kamigamo-jinja Shrine, transformed into a sacred crow to lead Emperor Jinmu on a campaign of his great Eastern Expedition.
- 1915年(大正4年)、大正天皇御大典を機に信玄が従三位に叙せられた際、当時の当主武田信保に信玄に対する位記宣命が渡された。
- When Shingen was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1915 at the state ceremony for the Emperor Taisho, ikisenmyo (court rank diploma and imperial edict) for Shingen was given to Nobuyasu TAKEDA, the head of the clan at the time.
- 関ヶ原の戦いの後、忠興は徳川家との関係を重視し、警戒を解くために嫡男・細川忠隆とその妻・千世(前田利家の娘)の離縁を命じた。
- After the battle of Sekigahara, Tadaoki considered the importance of the relationship with the Tokugawa family, therefore he ordered a divorce of his legitimate son Tadataka HOSOKAWA and Tadataka's wife Chiyo (a daughter of Toshiie MAEDA) to end the Tokugawa family's vigilance.
- 貞治6年(1367年)、足利義詮は斯波直持と吉良貞経を奥州管領として治家を追討するように命じ、さらに石橋棟義を派遣してきた。
- In 1367, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA gave an order that Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to be as Oshu Kanrei to hunt down and kill Haruie, and Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI was also dispatched.
- 長房の曾孫の小笠原持広は享保元年(1716年)に将軍徳川吉宗の命により家伝の書籍91部と源頼朝の鞢(ゆがけ)を台覧に供した。
- A great-grandchild of Nagafusa, Mochihiro OGASAWARA showed 91 books of its biography and a Yugake (grove) of Yoritomo MINAMOTO to Imperial family by order of Shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in 1716.
- 抑商政策が採られて株仲間は解散を命じられ、大名に囲米を義務づけて、旧里帰農令によって江戸へ流入した百姓を出身地に帰還させた。
- He adopted the commerce suppression policy, the dissolution of trade guilds (kabunakama) and the compulsory reservation of rice in a domain (kakoimai), and enforced a law to make peasants coming to Edo return their agricultural communities with financial support.
- これを見た煬帝は立腹し、外交担当官である鴻臚卿(こうろけい)に「蕃夷の書に無礼あらば、また以て聞するなかれ」と命じたという。
- This message made Yang Guang angry, and it is said that he told a foreign service officer whose position was called korokei (the chief of the office which was in charge of the entertainment of foreign envoys or ambassadors) not to talk about this country because the message was rude.
- これは、脱藩者を通じて軍事機密や御家騒動などが表沙汰になり、藩(藩主)にとっては致命的な改易が頻繁に生じたことも一因である。
- This was because, through the Dappan samurai, the Domain's military secrecy and family troubles could be revealed in public and frequently caused fatal 'Kaieki' sanctions (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) for the domain (and/or the lord of the domain).
- また、諸隊に命じて毎夜三度(酉・戌・寅の刻)、鬨の声を挙げて鉄砲を放たせ、敵の不眠を誘っている(この鬨の声は京まで届いた)。
- Moreover, Ieyasu ordered troops to give a battle cry and shoot teppo (guns) three times every night at torino koku (about 17:00 -19:00)/ino koku (about 19:00 - 21:00)/torano koku (about 3:00-5:00) in order to prevent the enemies from sleeping (the battle cries reached as far as Kyoto).
- だが、大内義興が本国情勢によって帰国すると、高国は亡命先で没した義澄の遺児足利義晴を新将軍に擁立して義稙と澄元連合軍を破った。
- But when Yoshioki OUCHI was forced to return to his home provinces due to unrest there, Takakuni took Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the orphan son of Yoshizumi, who had died in exile, and raised him up as the new Shogun, defeating the combined armies of Yoshitane and Sumimoto.
- 上皇は激怒して清盛に経宗・惟方の逮捕を命じ、2月20日清盛の郎等・源為長が二人の身柄を拘束、上皇の眼前に引き据て拷問にかけた。
- Goshirakawa flew into a rage and ordered Kiyomori to arrest Tsunemune and Korekata, so on April 5, one of Kiyomori's retainers, MINAMOTO no Tamenaga, captured the two of them, dragged them before Goshirakawa and had them tortured.
- 平安中期頃になると、高級貴族や有力寺社(権門勢家)が、ある国の租税収取権を掌握し、国司を自由に任命する権利を得るようになった。
- Entering the middle era of the Heian period, high-class nobles, dominant temples and shrines (or powerful groups in other words) took hold of the right to collect taxes in a province, acquiring the right to freely appoint kokushi there.
- 伊達政宗が大崎征伐に乗り出すと苦戦を強いられたが、最上氏庶流の黒川晴氏が大崎方に寝返ったことで家の命脈だけは保つことができた。
- When Masamune DATE went on an expedition against Osaki (a siege of Osaki), Yoshinao was forced to engage in a bitter struggle; however, he barely kept the family in existence thanks to Haruuji KUROKAWA, a branch family of the Mogami clan, who switched to the Osaki side.
- 例えば天智天皇のときには近江令と呼ばれる法令群が策定され、天武天皇のときは最初の律令法とされる飛鳥浄御原令の制定が命じられた。
- For example, during the reign of Emperor Tenchi, a group of ordinances called the Omi Administrative Codes were created, and during the time of Emperor Tenmu, the legal codes of the ancient Japanese state, considered to be the first Ritsutyo Codes, were formulated.
- 『日本書紀』により倭迹迹日百襲媛命の墓として築造したと伝えられる箸墓古墳は、邪馬台国の都の有力候補地である纏向遺跡の中にある。
- The Hashihaka Tumulus, which is said to be the tomb of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto according to the Nihonshoki, is located in the Makimuku ruins--a possible location of the Yamatai Kingdom.
- 一方、中島総裁に反対する鳩山らは病床の鈴木前総裁を動かし、新たに久原房之助・三土忠造・芳澤謙吉の3人を総裁代行委員に任命した。
- Meanwhile, Hatoyama and others who opposed president Nakajima worked on the former president Suzuki, who was sick in bed at that time, and appointed three new members for the acting president committee: Fusanosuke KUHARA, Chuzo MITSUCHI, and Kenkichi YOSHIZAWA.
- これを見た煬帝は、立腹し、外交担当官である鴻臚卿(こうろけい)に「蕃夷の書に無礼あらば、また以て聞するなかれ」と命じたという。
- The letter angered Emperor Yodai and the Emperor said to Korokei, a diplomat, that 'if another rude letter comes from the barbarian, do not bring it to me'.
- 大日本帝国憲法第19条で「日本臣民ハ法律命令ノ定ムル所ノ資格ニ応シ均ク文武官ニ任セラレ及其ノ他ノ公務ニ就クコトヲ得」と定めた。
- The nineteenth article of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan states 'Japanese citizens can equally be appointed as administrative/military officials and other official positions according to the criteria determined by law.'
- 増え続ける荘園に対抗して、国司は大名田堵を在庁官人に任命し、自らの手元に置き、さらには惣司・郷司・保司として、地方行政官とした。
- In competition with the ever-increasing shoen, the Kokushi assigned Daimyo tato (daimyo cultivators) to Zaicho kanjin (resident public officials) and deployed them on hand; moreover, they had Soji, Goji, and Hoji (all of which were local government officials under the ritsuryo system) appointed as local government officials.
- 中世の武家社会において、主君は家臣にとって必ずしも絶対的な存在ではなく、主君と家臣団は相互に依存・協力しあう運命共同体であった。
- In the samurai society of the medieval period, the existence and position of a lord was not necessarily guaranteed or absolute to his retainers; instead, lords and their group of retainers had a shared fate, and their relationship was one of mutual cooperation.
- さらに薩摩藩は旧幕府側を混乱させ戦端を開かせる誘いとして、西郷隆盛の命令で江戸で藩士に強盗や狼藉を行わせ騒擾を引き起こしていた。
- Moreover, the Satsuma Domain had allowed Takamori SAIGO order his retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo by committing robbery and violence in order to cause chaos in the former Shogunate and start a war.
- (穴山信君、武田信廉はもともと勝頼とは仲が悪かったとはいえ、これらは総大将の勝頼の命令を無視した敵前逃亡と言うべきものだった)。
- (Nobukimi ANAYAMA and Nobukado TAKEDA who admittedly had been in bad terms with Katsuryori were as good as deserting in the face of the enemy in defiance of the command of Supreme Commander Katsuyori).
- 朝廷や室町幕府は訴訟担当者が礼銭を取る事を禁じる命令を出したが、当の朝廷や幕府が高額な礼銭の受領者であり、その効果は全くなかった。
- The Imperial Court and the Muromachi bakufu issued an order to prohibit those in charge of cases from accepting the reisen, but it had no effect since the Imperial Court and the bakufu themselves received large sum of reisen.
- このような指示が度々出されたにも関わらず、命令が遵守されたのは直後のみで時間が経つにつれて都市でも農村でも違反するものが相次いだ。
- Although such ordinances were issued repeatedly, people strictly followed the rules only in the short period right after the issuances, and as time passed, lawbreakers appeared one after another both in cities and in the countryside.
- 区内には鹿苑寺や大徳寺、上賀茂神社といった洛北の寺社のほか、立命館大学、佛教大学、大谷大学、京都産業大学などいくつかの大学がある。
- There are temples and shrines in Rakuhoku (north of the Capital of Kyoto) area such as Rokuon-ji Temple, Daitoku-ji Temple and Kamigamo-jinja Shrine, and several universities such as Ritsumeikan University, Bukkyo University, Otani University, and Kyoto Sangyo University.
- 永禄9年(1566)に十市遠勝が筒井順慶に圧迫されて今井に亡命した後を追って川井助衛門尉正治が一族郎党をひきつれて当地に移住した。
- Tokatsu TOCHI defected to Imai to escape from suppression by Junkei TSUTSUI in 1566, followed by Sukeemonnojo Masaharu KAWAI moving to the town with his family and retainers.
- ライフリングを付けたことにより命中精度は格段に高くなったが、ライフリングに弾丸を食い込ませる必要があるため、弾込めが難しくなった。
- By including rifling in the gun barrel, the accuracy of fire improved significantly, but it became difficult to load bullets as bullets needed to be pushed into the rifling.
- なお、形としては第13代将軍・徳川家定が「台命」(たいめい=将軍の命令)を発して本項で述べる全ての処罰を行なったことになっている。
- As a formality, the 13th Shogun, Iesada TOKUGAWA issued a Taimei (Shogunal order) and carried out the punishments described below.
- 4月1日 (旧暦)、家康は畿内の諸大名に大坂から脱出しようとする浪人を捕縛すること、小笠原秀政に伏見城の守備に向かうことを命じた。
- On April 1 (the old calendar) Ieyasu ordered daimyo in Kinai region to capture ronin trying to escape from Osaka and Hidemasa OGASAWARA to go to defend Fushimi Castle.
- 家康はこの軍勢を二手にわけ、河内路及び大和国路から大坂に向かうこと、同時に道路の整備、大山崎町などの要所の警備を行うことを命じた。
- Ieyasu gave orders to divide the troops in two, let them go to Osaka by way of Kawachiji and Yamatokokuji and at the same time improve roads and guard key points such as Oyamazaki Town.
- そして再び高麗に命令し、使節として高麗国王元宗 (高麗王)の側近であった起居舎人・潘阜が派遣され、1268年正月に大宰府へと到着。
- He then ordered Goryeo again, and Hanpu, who was a secretary close to King Wonjong of Goryeo, was sent as envoy and reached Dazai-fu (local government office in the Kyushu region) in January 1268.
- 後白河法皇が常磐光長に命じて12世紀後半に完成させた『伴大納言絵巻』は、応天門炎上をめぐる説話を的確な風俗表現で描いた絵巻である。
- In 'Ban Dainagon Emaki' which was completed by Mitsunaga TOKIWA in the latter half of the 12th century under the order of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, the story of the fire of Oten-mon Gate was precisely described in the real-life touch.
- 足利尊氏は後醍醐天皇に時行討伐のための征夷大将軍、総追捕使の任命を求めるが、後醍醐天皇は要求を退け、成良親王を征夷大将軍に任命した。
- Takauji requested from Emperor Godaigo that he be appointed Seii taishogun and sotsui hoshi (Inspector General) in order to suppress Tokiyuki's rebellion, but Emperor Godaigo side-stepped these requests and appointed Imperial Prince Narinaga Seii taishogun.
- 実際に事案が発生した際は、侍所・六波羅の命を受けた当該国の守護が現地で紛争をおさめ、守護は経過を侍所などへ報告することとされていた。
- In the event of the occurrence of a dispute, shugo (provincial constable) of the state had to settle the dispute at the site under the direction of Samurai-dokoro or Rokuhara Tandai and report the results to Samurai-dokoro, etc.
- 父祖が死亡している場合はもとより無関係であるが、父祖が存命中に子孫が父祖のために敵討をすれば、父祖も連座で罰せられるとの規定である。
- It goes without saying that this would be irrelevant if the father or grandfather were already dead; however, this provision stipulates that if the son or grandson avenged his father or grandfather while his father or grandfather was still alive, his father or grandfather would also be punished for being guilty by association.
- 通常の寺社縁起のごとく、開山の縁起を記したものではなく、平安時代中期に信貴山で修行して当山の中興の祖とされる命蓮に関する説話を描く。
- Unlike other Jisha Engi picture scrolls, which generally depict origins of shrines and temples, it depicts stories related to Myoren, the restoration patriarch of the mountain, who trained himself in Mt. Shigi in the middle of the Heian period.
- 尊氏は鎌倉において、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に勝手に恩賞を分配したり、建武政権の上洛命令を無視したりするなど、建武政権から離反する。
- In Kamakura, Takauji gave onsho (reward grants), at his discretion, to those who followed him in the battle of suppressing the war, ignored the Kenmu Government's order to return to Kyoto and became alienated from the Kenmu government.
- 山城国葛野を本拠とし代々賀茂神社に奉斎した賀茂県主(かものあがたぬし)は、八咫烏に化身して神武天皇を導いた賀茂建角身命を始祖とする。
- KAMO no agatanushi, the territorial rulers of Kamo, who were based in Kadono in Yamashiro Province and dedicated themselves to Kamo-jinja Shrine for generations are reputed to be descended from KAMO taketsunumi no mikoto (a Japanese mythological god) who transformed into Yatagarasu (a mythological giant crow) and guided the Emperor Jinmu.
- 弘仁格式は嵯峨天皇が藤原冬嗣に、貞観格式は清和天皇が藤原氏宗に、延喜格式は醍醐天皇が藤原時平に、それぞれ命じて編纂させたものである。
- The Konin-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu by order of the Emperor Saga, the Jogan-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Ujimune by order of the Emperor Seiwa and the Engi-Kyaku-Shiki Act was codified by FUJIWARA no Tokihira by order of Emperor Daigo.
- 内規に反した等として粛清された者は相当数にのぼり、一説には勤皇志士との斬りあいで死亡した者より、粛清で落命した者の方が多いともいう。
- Significant number of men were purged on such grounds as violating internal rules, etc., and according to one view, more men lost their lives through such purges than through fighting with Imperial loyalists.
- 毎年7月7日の役行者のご命日には一言主ノ神を祀る葛木神社と法起菩薩を本尊とする転法輪寺との珍しい神仏習合のれんげ祭りが行われている。
- On July 7, the death anniversary of EN no Gyoja, in every year, Renge Matsuri (Lotus Flower Festival) was held by Tenporin-ji Temple, whose principal image is Hoki Bosatsu and by Katsuragi-jinja Shrine where Hitokotonushi no Okami is worshipped, which is syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism and is a rare case.
- これは琉球の帰属問題で日本に有利に働き、明治政府は翌1875年琉球にたいし清との冊封・朝貢関係の廃止と明治年号の使用などを命令した。
- This put Japan in an advantageous position on the issue of the possession of Ryukyu and in the following year, 1875, the Meiji government ordered Ryukyu to abolish its sakuho and tribute relationship with Qing and use the era name of Meiji.
- その後政府は蝦夷の首長を郡司に任命して部族集団の間接的な支配を行い、また個別に服属してきた者は俘囚として諸国に移民させられたりした。
- Later, the government appointed the chief of Ezo as a gunji (region manager) in order to indirectly control tribal groups, and forced people individually picked out for subjugation to migrate to other countries as fushu (barbarians).
- 土佐藩軍艦府は、警備の藩兵に取締を命じ、帰艦を諭示させたが、言葉が通じず、混雑もあって、水兵側は土佐の隊旗を倒伏、逃亡しようとした。
- The Gunkan-fu (warship section) of the Tosa Domain ordered Tosa security retainers to police the sailors and urge them to return to their ship; confused as a result of the language barrier and the congestion in the area, however, the French sailors tried to escape from the security retainers, knocking over a flag of the Tosa security group in the process.
- 鎌倉幕府の評定衆に倣って西園寺実氏ら5人の評定衆が任命されるとともに開催場所も院庁の文殿である「院文殿(いんのふどの)」と定められた。
- Similarly to the hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), five members including Saneuji SAIONJI were appointed to hyojoshu, and the 'In-no-fu-dono,' Fumidono (the retired emperor's Documents Bureau) in the In no cho (Retired Emperor's Office) was designated as the venue.
- 中分には、両者の示談による和解で決着する和与中分(わよちゅうぶん)と、裁判判決など幕府からの命令により実施される強制的な中分があった。
- There were two kinds of chubun, namely wayo-chubun by which the land was divided amicably through both parties' negotiation and compulsory chubun by which the land was divided according to the order of the Bakufu, such as a court ruling.
- 一方、国司請負制により権限が強化された国司は公領を自領のように扱いはじめ、田堵を在庁官人に任命し、郷司、保司等として地方行政官とした。
- In the meantime, kokushi who strengthened their rights by the contracting system of kokushi began to deal with Koryo as if it were their own property and appointed Tato as Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods) who were such as Goji (a local government of official under ritsuryo system) and hoji (an officer governing koryo, or public land) as their local government officials.
- しかし、幕府もこの風聞を信じて近隣の諸藩に出兵を命じたため、同年8月20日、紀通は福知山城にて鉄砲自殺して果て、稲葉氏は改易となった。
- The shogunate, however, took the rumor seriously, and ordered several neighboring domains to send troops, with the result that Norimichi committed shot himself dead in the Fukuchiyama-jo Castle on August 20, 1648, and the Inaba clan was punished by Kaieki (removal of samurai status and expropriation of territories).
- 任命当初は守護代を派遣していたが、後に7代武田信時の時代に元寇に備えて安芸国に佐東銀山城を築き本格的な領土支配に乗り出すようになった。
- The clan initially dispatched shugodai, but the seventh head Nobutoki TAKEDA constructed the Sato Kanayama-jo Castle in Aki Province to prepare for Genko (Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) and started to rule the territory in earnest.
- 特に、独立命令による法規の制定(9条)、条約の締結(13条)の権限を議会の制約を受けずに行使できるのは他の立憲君主国に類例がなかった。
- The emperor could exercise the right to issue ordinances by his own order (Article 9), the right to conclude treaties (Article 13) without any interferenceof the government, and these rights were especially unique to Japan.
- 一方、ほとんどのアジア諸国で挫折ないし不可能だった近代化革命が、なぜ日本においてのみ成功したのかについても近年研究が盛んとなっている。
- In a recent historic study of Japan, the scholars try to identify the reason why only Japan's revolution to modernize the country succeeded, whereas most Asian countries failed to modernize, or found it impossible to modernize.
- この卑弥呼の後継者である壹與(臺與)はアマテラスの息子アメノオシホミミの妃となった栲幡千千姫命(万幡豊秋津師比売)に比定できるとする。
- Toyo can be identified with Takuhatachiji Hime no Mikoto, a wife of Amaterasu's son, Amenooshihomimi.
- 特に大規模なものは1897年5月の第3回目の予防令で、古河側に、排水の濾過池・沈殿池と堆積場の設置、煙突への脱硫装置の設置を命令した。
- The most important measure was the third prevention order implemented in May, 1897 which mandated Furukawa to make filtration basins and deposit basins and deposit sites, and to install desulphurization equipments on chimneys.
- 議会派はクロムウェルを護国卿に任命したが、その死後に護国卿を継承した子のリチャード・クロムウェルには政治力が無く、自ら辞任を申し出た。
- Parliamentarians appointed their leader Cromwell as the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, but, after his death, his child Richard Cromwell who succeeded the post of Lord Protector had little political clout and offered his voluntary resignation from the post.
- 24名は、京都・堀川通り一条戻り橋で左の耳たぶを切り落とされて(秀吉の命令では耳と鼻を削ぐように言われていた)、市中引き回しとなった。
- The 24 people had their left ears cut off on Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge located at Horikawa-dori Street in Kyoto (Hideyoshi ordered to cut off their ears and noses) and were dragged through the city streets.
- これらの動向を察知していた鎌倉幕府は、1272年に異国警護番役を設置し、鎮西奉行であった少弐氏(武藤氏)や大友氏に対して指揮を命じた。
- Kamakura bakufu, which had noticed these activities, created the position of Ikoku Keigo Banyaku (Foreign Enemy Defense) in 1272, and ordered the Shoni clan (Muto clan) serving as Chinzei Bugyo (Defense Commissioner of the West) and the Otomo clan to supervise it.
- 優位から一転、突如挟撃された信長は危険な状況に陥ったが、「金ヶ崎の戦い」と呼ばれる配下たちの決死の退却戦によって、一命を救われている。
- The dominant situation completely changed and Nobunaga plunged into crisis after being pincer-attacked suddenly; however, he was barely saved by so-called 'Battle of Kanagasaki' which was a desperate retreat battle of his vassals.
- 13日(5月2日)には政府の命令を受けた熊本藩兵が久留米城を接収して藩幹部を拘束(大楽は直前に逃亡)し、14日には愛宕通旭が捕縛された。
- On May 2, samurai of Kumamoto clan took over Kurume Castle and arrested top officials of the clan (Dairaku escaped in the last minute) under orders from the government, and Michiteru OTAGI was arrested on May 3.
- 平家の総帥宗盛も嫡男の平清宗と入水するが、命を惜しんで浮かび上がり水練が達者なために泳ぎ回っていたところを義経軍に捕らえられてしまった。
- Munemori, the supreme commander of the Taira clan, and his eldest son and heir Kiyomune both tried to drown themselves, but they held their lives too dear and floated back to the surface; being skilled swimmers, they survived to be captured by Yoshitsune's forces.
- また、何故か、葛城地方の土神の剣根命も合祀されており、名が似ている円目王と葛城円大臣との関係も、雄略天皇に関係しているだけに、興味深い。
- In addition, Tsurugine no mikoto, a dojin (God that preside over soil) of Kazuraki region is also enshrined together for some reason, and because Emperor Yuraku is involved, the relationship between Tsuburameo and Katsuragi no tsubura no oomi who had similar names, is interesting.
- そのわずか3年後の1582年6月に光秀は本能寺の変を起こし一時天下人になるも、山崎の戦いにおいて豊臣秀吉に敗れ落命し、明智氏は滅亡する。
- In June 1582, only three years later, Mitsuhide caused the Honnoji Incident, and temporarily obtained the top position; however, he was defeated by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and died in the Battle of Yamazaki, leading to the downfall of the Akechi clan.
- しかし、安芸武田氏9代武田信実の時代、1541年(天文_(元号)10年)6月に大内氏の命を受けた毛利元就によって銀山城は落城し滅亡した。
- However, in 1July 541 when Nobuzane Takeda was the ninth head of Aki-Takeda clan, Kanayama-jo Castle was ruined by Motonari MORI who was ordered to attack by the Ouchi clan, and the clan extinguished.
- これは徳川方が浪人については助命という意味で不問にしたのに対し、豊臣方についてはこのまま召抱えても良いという解釈の差があったと思われる。
- It seemed that there was a difference in the interpretation of ronin; the Tokugawa side would leave them unquestioned in the sense of saving their lives, on the other hand the Toyotomi side took it that it would be all right to keep employing them.
- 民政局には内務、殖産、財務、学務の4部が設置されたほか、台湾民主国の活動が行われた期間に高島鞆之助が副総督として任命されたケースもある。
- The Home Affairs Bureau was further divided into four offices: Internal Affairs, Agriculture, Finance and Education, and Tomonosuke TAKASHIMA was appointed as Vice Governor-General when the Republic of Formosa existed on Taiwan.
- ただし、後白河は北陸道を宣旨の対象地域から除き、上野・信濃も義仲の勢力圏と認めて、頼朝に義仲との和平を命じた(『玉葉』10月23日条)。
- However, Goshirakawa removed Hokuriku-do Road from the area covered by the Senji, acknowledged Ueno and Shinano as Yoshinaka's sphere of influence, and ordered Yoritomo to make peace with Yoshinaka ('Gyokuyo,' entry of November 16).
- そして、1180年の源頼朝の挙兵以降、平家は高倉天皇の命として、公卿、受領から「兵士」を徴収、更に権門の諸荘園からも「兵士」を徴収する。
- As a result, the Taira family collected 'soldiers' from kugyo (court nobles), Zuryo, and various manors of an influential families under the command of Emperor Takakura after mobilization of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in 1180.
- 下文が訴訟の判決、裁許状など効力が永久的になる正式文書であるのに対し、御教書は通達や緊急の命令などで、文書としての格は劣るものとされた。
- As a Migyosho was a notice or emergency order, its status as a document was inferior to a Kudashibumi (a document issued by a superior or office), which was an official document and effective indefinitely as a court ruling, license proof, etc.
- このことは嵯峨天皇にとって思いがけない出来事であり、嵯峨天皇はひとまずこれに従うとして坂上田村麻呂、藤原冬嗣、紀田上らを造宮使に任命する。
- This was an unexpected event for Emperor Saga, and as a temporary measure, he appointed SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and KI no Taue as zogushi (palace construction officer).
- 後にこの事を知った後土御門天皇より書写進上を命じられた親長が現在までの出来事を加筆して献上したのが、原本とされたものであったとされている。
- Emperor Gotsuchimikado, who later heard of this episode, ordered Chikanaga to give the copy to the Imperial Court, so he added descriptions until his time to present to the Emperor the copy of Kodaireki, which is said to have been the original edition.
- これは、渡航前に世宗 (朝鮮王)から「倭の紙、堅籾、造作の法また宜しく伝習すべし」と、日本の技術を導入するように命じられていたからである。
- This is because, prior to starting the mission, he was instructed by Sejong (a Korean king) that 'You should learn how to make paper, how to make hard blades and how to build houses and should bring back the technologies concerned,' or he was instructed to introduce technologies in Japan.
- 倭彦命(やまとひこ の みこと、生年不詳 - 垂仁天皇28年10月5日 (旧暦)(紀元前2年11月1日?))は、記紀伝承上の皇族(王族)。
- Yamato hiko no Mikoto (year of birth unknown - October 30, 2 B.C.?) was a member of the Imperial family transmitted by 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- その後、紀伊田辺藩との同一藩名を解消するため太政官より田辺藩の名称変更を命じられ、同年6月に田辺城の雅号・舞鶴城に因んで舞鶴藩に改称した。
- The Dajokan (great council of state) then ordered that the name of the Tango Tanabe clan be changed, in order to prevent duplicating the name of the Kii Tanabe clan, causing the Tanabe clan to change its name to the Maizuru clan after the pseudonym of Maizuru castle (Tanabe castle), in June of the year.
- 慶長6年(1601年)に徳川家康が後藤家に命じて鋳造させた慶長小判を嚆矢とし、万延元年(1860年)発行の万延小判まで10種が発行された。
- Starting with the Keicho koban (which Ieyasu ordered the Goto family to cast in 1601), 10 kinds of koban were issued before the issue of the Manen koban in 1860.
- またこの説では、卑弥呼の後に王位に就いたとされる台与(とよ)を、系図の中で、宇那比姫命の二世代後に記される、天豊姫(あまとよひめ)とする。
- According to this theory, Toyo, who succeeded to the throne after Himiko, is identified with Amatoyo Hime, whose name was mentioned two generations after Unabi Hime no Mikoto in the family tree.
- 死罪(しざい)とは、江戸時代に庶民に科されていた6種類ある死刑のうちの一つで、斬首により命を絶ち、死骸を試し斬りにする斬首刑の刑罰のこと。
- Shizai is one of the 6 types of capital punishment imposed on commoner criminals in the Edo Period, in which the criminal was beheaded and the corpse was used to test the sharpness of swords.
- なお、日本軍は高麗人とモンゴル人、および漢人は捕虜として捕らえず殺害したが、交流のあった南宋人は捕虜として命を助け、大切に庇護したという。
- The Japanese army is said to have killed people of Goryeo, Mongol, and Han, not trying to capture them, but saved people of the Southern Sung Dynasty, with which it had exchanges, and protected them with care.
- だが、正安2年(1300年)には得宗北条貞時の御内人5名が越訴を担当するように命じられるなど、越訴を含めた得宗の訴訟権限支配が模索された。
- However, Tokuso tried to control lawsuits including direct appeals; for example, five Miuchibito (private vassals) of Tokuso Sadatoki HOJO were ordered to take charge to a direct appeal in 1300.
- また、戦国時代も後期に至ると、有力な大名はそれまでの半独立的な地位と状況によっては命令を拒むことができた被官層を完全に従属させ家臣とした。
- In the late Sengoku period, powerful Sengoku daimyo brought their vassals into complete subordination, whereas before they had been independent to a certain degree and were able to refuse orders depending on the circumstances.
- つまり、その内関東進止領・関東御口入地には鎌倉幕府とは異なる荘園領主・国司が存在し、しかも彼らは荘官や郷司・保司の任命権は持たないのである。
- In other words, the Kanto shinshiryo (manors and provincial lands where the shogun of the Kamakura bakufu has the right to appoint/dismiss Jito) and Kanto gokunyuchi (manors and provincial lands where the shogun of the Kamakura bakufu has the right to recommend Jito) had Shoen-ryoshu and Kokushi who were different from those of the Kamakura bakufu and had no patronage of Shokan, Goji, or Hoji.
- 状況を打開するため、島津義弘は配下の長束正家に伏見城内にいた甲賀衆の妻子一族を捕縛させ、内通しなければ家族を磔にすると脅迫することを命じた。
- To bring an end to this situation, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU had his subordinate, Masaie NAGATSUKA, round up the wives and children of the Koga group in the castle and ordered him to threaten the Koga group by saying that they would crucify the wives and children unless they surrendered the castle.
- 後鳥羽上皇は幕府軍に使者を送り、この度の乱は謀臣の企てであったとして義時追討の宣旨を取り消し、藤原秀康、三浦胤義らの逮捕を命じる宣旨を下す。
- The retired Emperor Gotoba sent an emissary to the shogunal army, claiming that the entire rebellion was the plot of his scheming advisors, and that he was repealing the decree to hunt down and kill Yoshitoki and was issuing a new decree demanding that Hideyasu FUJIWARA, Taneyoshi MIURA and the others be captured.
- 織田信長の中国方面軍の豊臣秀吉が攻めて来ると三木城(三木合戦)、鳥取城、高松城 (備中国)が次々と落とされたが、本能寺の変が起き命拾いした。
- When Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI of the force for attacking Chugoku of Nobunaga ODA attacked, Miki-jo Castle (Battle of the Miki-jo Castle), Tottori-jo Castle and Takamatsu-jo Castle (Bicchu Province) fell one by one, but the Mori clan narrowly escaped thanks to the Honnoji Incident.
- なお、倭彦命が葬られたとされる身狭桃花鳥坂墓は、現在の奈良県橿原市鳥屋町の桝山古墳(方墳・辺90m)に比定されており、宮内庁の管理下にある。
- Furthermore, Musanotsukisaka where Yamato hiko no Mikoto was buried, is regarded as Masuyama Tumulus (square tumulus with sides 90m long) in Toriya cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, and is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency.
- 周囲は、金閣寺、仁和寺、龍安寺などの名刹に加え、京都府立堂本印象美術館や立命館大学などといった文化・教育施設に恵まれ、多くの観光客で賑わう。
- Mt. Kinugasa is surrounded by renowned temples such as Kinkaku-ji Temple, Ninna-ji Temple and Ryoan-ji Temple, as well as cultural and educational facilities such as Kyoto Prefectural Insho-Domoto Museum of Fine Arts and Ritsumeikan University, thus attracting many tourists.
- ただし、明治時代の初期に数か町が合併して新たに命名された町、寺院境内地など、従来町名のなかった土地に新たに起立した町名なども一部に存在する。
- However, there are some towns that were established by merger of several towns in the early Meiji period and given a new name, or towns that were newly established in areas that didn't have traditional town names such as precincts of shrines.
- 官符によって正当な軍事動員権を獲得した受領は、国衙における軍事指揮者である追捕使・押領使・警固使に凶党捜索や犯罪捜査などの追捕活動を命じた。
- Receiving the kanpu and provided with the right to mobilize soldiers for military purposes, zuryo ordered Tsuibushi, Oryoshi, or Keigoshi, who was the leader of military affairs in the kokuga, to take the actions of searching for and capturing gangsters.
- 『武功夜話』では神吉城の攻城戦で城内の内通者であった神吉藤太夫は、荒木村重と旧知の間であったため、落城後羽柴秀吉は神吉藤太夫の助命を許した。
- According to 'Bukoyawa' (literally, 'evening tales on glory in war'), as Todayu KANKI, who was the betrayer from the inside of the castle in the siege warfare of the Kanki-jo Castle, was an old friend of Murashige ARAKI, Hideyoshi HASHIBA permitted to spare Todayu KANKI's life after the fall of the castle.
- まず、明治2年の版籍奉還で旧藩主が自発的に版(土地)・籍(人民)を天皇に返上し、改めて知藩事に任命されることで、藩地と領主の分離が図られた。
- First, in 1869 former governors of feudal domains voluntarily returned their lands and people to the emperor (Hanseki-hokan), and then they were reappointed as governors of domains by the emperor, while feudal lords were separated from their domains.
- 直弼の死を秘匿するため、存命を装って直弼の名で桜田門外で負傷した旨の届けが幕府へ提出され、将軍家からは直弼への見舞品が藩邸に届けられている。
- To conceal his death, a report stating that Naosuke had only been injured at the Sakuradamon Gate was submitted to the Shogunate under the name of Naosuke to pretend as if he had been still alive; the Shogunate replied with a sympathy gift for Naosuke.
- 版籍奉還は次の廃藩置県までの過渡的措置であるが、当時藩に対する明治政府の権力は脆弱で、諸藩への命令も強制力のない太政官達で行うしかなかった。
- The return of lands and people to the Emperor is a transitory measure until Haihan-chiken, but the Meiji government's authority over the han was weak at the time so orders to each han had to be made by Dajokan tasshi (proclamation by the Grand Council of State) which did not have binding power.
- なお、蘆名家の一門であった針生氏は蘆名家滅亡後に伊達氏に仕え、この系統は延宝4年(1676年)に仙台藩主・伊達綱村の命により蘆名に改姓した。
- Incidentally, after the extinction of the Ashina clan, the Hariu family which was a branch of the Ashina family served the Date clan, and in 1676, had their family name changed to Ashina under orders of Tsunamura DATE, the lord of Sendai Domain.
- そして将軍が執事(管領)や引付頭人(内談頭人)に命じて勅裁内容を伝えるべき対象である武士に対して施行状に相当する奉書を発給した(武家執行)。
- Also, the Shogun ordered the steward (kanrei) and hikiuke tonin (chairman of the court justice) to issue a hosho (a document for informing lower-ranking people of the decision of higher-ranking people such as an emperor or shogun), which was equivalent to a shigyojo, to the samurai to whom the content of chokusai was supposed to be conveyed (buke shigyo).
- 「大日本史」は光圀死後の正徳 (日本)5年(1715年)に藩主徳川綱條による命名で、同時代には「本朝史記」や「国史(倭史)」と呼ばれている。
- Dai Nihonshi' was named by TOKUGAWA Tsunaeda, the domain head, in 1715 after the death of Mitsukuni and it was called 'Honcho shiki' or 'Kokushi (Washi)' by contemporary people.
- 慶応4年(1868年)、新政府は会津藩の武装恭順を認めず仙台藩・米沢藩をはじめとする東北の雄藩に会津藩追討を命じ、鎮撫使と軍の部隊を派遣した。
- In 1868, the new government rejected the Yonezawa domain's surrender with arms, and ordered the powerful domains in Tohoku such as; the Sendai and Yonezawa Domains, to deploy their forces to crush the Aizu Domain.
- 9日、尾張に流されていた師高が、清盛の家人の襲撃を受けて惨殺、成親は一旦は助命されて備前国に配流されるが、食物を与えられず殺害されてしまった。
- On July 13, Morotaka, who has been exiled to Owari, was attacked by followers of Kiyomori and brutally killed, and although Narichika was saved and exiled to Bizen Province, he was starved to death.
- さらに荘園や、郡・郷・保を単位とする国衙領は荘園領主や国司(受領)に任命された荘官・郡司・郷司・保司らが知行して治安維持、租税徴収に当たった。
- For a shoen or Kokugaryo, which had been organized into Gun, Sato, and Ho, shokan (an officer) appointed by the ryoshu of the shoen or Gunji (an officer for Gun), Goji (an officer for Go - Sato) and Hoji (an officer for Ho), all of whom were appointed by the kokushi (provincial governor) (also called zuryo), executed their respective chigyo right, working for maintaining security and for collecting taxes.
- 『日本三代実録』の序文によれば、本書の編纂は宇多天皇が、源能有、藤原時平、菅原道真、大蔵善行、三統理平に詔して編纂を命じたことにより始まった。
- According to the preface of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' Emperor Uda ordered MINAMOTO no Yoshiari, FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, OKURA no Yoshiyuki, and MIMUNE no Masahira to compile the text.
- 節刀(せっとう、せちとう)は、日本の古代(奈良時代から平安時代)において、天皇が出征する将軍または遣唐使の大使に持たせた、任命の印としての刀。
- Setto (or Sechito) refers to the sword which was granted by the Emperor to Shogun who was going to the front or Japanese mission to Tang Dynasty China as the sign of commission in ancient times of Japan (from the Nara period to the Heian period).
- 直後に信長は小姓たちを呼び、鎌のような武器(薙刀術)を振り回しながら明智の兵達に対して応戦していたが、明智の鉄砲隊が放った弾が左肩に命中した。
- Immediately after that, Nobunaga called his pages and counterattacked warriors of the Akechi clan brandishing a sickle-like weapon (naginata (Japanese halberd) art), but he was shot his left shoulder by a bullet shot by the musket troops of the Akechi clan.
- 足利義稙が管領細川政元より追放されると、1509年(永正6年)、上野氏は上野信孝が義稙の命により二階堂政行、伊勢貞信とともに備中国に入部する。
- After Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was expelled by the Shogunal Deputy, Masamoto HOSOKAWA, Nobutaka UENO entered Bicchu Province with Masayuki NIKAIDO and Sadanobu ISE under the order of Yoshitane.
- 尊攘派の擡頭により朝廷・幕府政治の混乱が起きていることを憂えた孝明天皇の意をくみ、久邇宮朝彦親王は極秘に会津藩・薩摩藩に長州藩の追放を命ずる。
- Understanding that the Emperor Komei was worried about the emergence of sonjo party and the resulting confused political circumstances of the imperial court and of the shogunate, Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko secretly ordered the Aizu and Satsuma clans to expel the Choshu clan.
- 征韓論派の下野の後政府は内務卿大久保利通の主導のもと1874年台湾蕃地事務長官に大隈重信、同都督に陸軍中将西郷従道を任命して出兵準備をさせた。
- After resignation of supporters of Seikanron, the government led by Toshimichi OKUBO, Secretary of Interior, appointed Shigenobu OKUMA as chief secretary of Taiwan Banchi and Tsugumichi SAIGO, lieutenant general (army), as Totoku governor general of Taiwan in 1874 to prepare for the dispatch of troops.
- 寛政12年(1800年)6月、江戸銀座において不正行為が発覚したことを機に、銀改役の大黒長左衛門八代目常房は家職放免の上、永蟄居を命じられた。
- With the exposure of illegalities at Edo-ginza in June 1800, the silver coin inspection officer Chozaemon VIII Tsunefusa of the DAIKOKU family was dismissed and placed under house arrest for life.
- 前者とすると院らの収入が少なすぎる上に任命された受領にとってのメリットも無くなるために後者であろうと考える説が有力であるが、詳細は不明である。
- According the to first theory, income to the recipients would have been too small and zuryo would not benefit from the system, so the second theory is more plausible, however the details are unknown.
- 藩主の毛利敬親と子の毛利定広は国許へ謹慎を命じられて政治主導権を失っており、京や大坂に密かに潜伏した数名の長州尊攘派はにわかに行動を続けていた。
- The daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) of Choshu, Tadachika MORI, and his son Sadahiro MORI were ordered into house arrest in their hometown and lost their authority to lead politically, but in the capital and in Osaka, several Imperial loyalists from Choshu continued to work secretly to restore the Emperor to power.
- そのため境黒彦皇子と眉輪王は相談して葛城円大臣の邸宅に逃げ込んだが、大臣の助命嘆願も空しく、大泊瀬皇子は邸宅で3人共に焼き殺してしまったという。
- For this reason, Sakai no kurohiko no miko and Prince Mayowa consulted together and escaped to the residence of Katsuragi no tsubura no omi, but despite the minister's plea to spare their lives, Prince Ohatsuse burned all three of them together.
- 母屋などの主要な建物は明治初期の東京移住命令にともない、東京の九条邸に移築され、さらに近年九条家より東京国立博物館に寄贈され九条館と命名された。
- The major buildings (such as the main building) were transferred to Kujo-tei in Tokyo in accordance with the order issued during the early Meiji era, and were recently donated by the Kujo Family to the Tokyo National Museum, which was named Kujo-kan.
- 『日本書紀』によると、仲哀天皇は白鳥となって天に昇った父・日本武尊をしのんで、陵を囲む池に白鳥を飼おうと考えて、諸国に白鳥を献上するよう命じた。
- According to 'Nihonshoki', Emperor Chuai intended to keep swans in the pond that surrounded the mausoleum in memory of his father, YAMATO Takeru no Mikoto, and ordered countries to present swans.
- 一方憲秀は「北条家に相模の国と伊豆二国の安堵と全員の助命を条件」として開城する事で独自に前田利家、堀秀政と戦後処理についての駆け引きをしていた。
- Meanwhile, Norihide used tactics on the postwar management with Toshiie MAEDA and Hidemasa HORI on his own accord to surrender the castle 'under the condition of securing Sagami Province and two provinces in Izu, and life of all the members for the Hojo family.'
- まず「良知」とは貴賤にかかわらず万人が心の内にもつ先天的な道徳知(「良知良能は、愚夫愚婦も聖人と同じ」)であり、また人間の生命力の根元でもある。
- First, 'ryochi' is the innate moral knowledge that everybody has in their mind irrespective of rank or social status ('innate knowledge and ability are the same for the foolish person as they are for the sage') and the source of a person's vitality.
- 吉田松陰、高杉晋作、西郷隆盛、河井継之助、佐久間象山が歴史上おり、革命運動(大塩平八郎 --大塩平八郎の乱)に呈する者が多かったのは事実である。
- Historical figures were Shoin YOSHIDA, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, Takamori SAIGO, Tsugunosuke KAWAI, and Shozan SAKUMA; most of them in fact aligned themselves with the revolutionary movement (such as Heihachiro OSHIO's rebellion).
- 白村江の戦いで大敗北した倭国水軍は、各地で転戦中の倭国軍および亡命を望む百済遺民を救い出して船に乗せ、唐水軍に追われる中やっとのことで帰国した。
- The Wakoku sea warriors who lost heavily at the Battle of Hakusukinoe saved those Wakoku soldiers who were fighting in other areas as well as the surviving members of Kudara who were hoping to defect, and had difficulty returning to Japan while being pursued by the Tang sea warriors.
- 元亀元年(1570年)、朝倉氏の南進に備えるべく、琵琶湖と北国街道の押さえを意図する織田信長に命じられた森可成によって、近江国滋賀郡に築かれた。
- Usayama-jo Castle was built by Yoshinari MORI in Shiga County, Omi Province in 1570 by order of Nobunaga ODA, who intended to take control of Lake Biwa and Hokkoku-kaido Road, bracing for the advance of the Asakura clan to the south.
- これを受けた天皇は直ちに了解し、威仁親王に到着までのニコライの身辺警備を命ずるとともに、即刻北白川宮能久親王を見舞い名代のために京都へ派遣した。
- Emperor Meiji accepted the request of Imperial Prince Takehito immediately, and ordered him to guard Nicholas until the Emperor arrived in Kyoto, and hastened to send Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa to Kyoto on behalf of him.
- 1190年(建久元年) - 頼朝が右近衛大将(律令制における武官の最高位)に任じられ治安維持に関する17ヶ条に及ぶ命を受ける(後の大犯三ヶ条)。
- 1190 - Yoritomo was appointed Ukone no daisho (the highest rank of military officers in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) and given an order relating to security enforcement which consisted of 17 articles (later, Taibon sankajo (three basic rights of shugo, the provincial constable)).
- 特に、鴨川 (淀川水系)にかかる三条大橋の西詰に立てられた制札が3度に渡って引き抜かれ鴨川に捨てられたことから、新選組に制札の警護が命じられれた。
- Notably, the noticeboard at the west foot of the Sanjo-ohashi bridge over Kamo-gawa river (Yodo-gawa river system) was pulled out and thrown into Kamo-gawa river three times, and Shinsengumi was ordered to guard the noticeboard.
- 右大臣師尹以下の公卿は直ちに参内して諸門を閉じて会議に入り、密告文を関白実頼に送るとともに、検非違使に命じて橘繁延と僧・蓮茂を捕らえて訊問させた。
- Udaijin Morotada and other court nobles immediately gathered at the palace to close the gates and to hold a meeting, and they sent a letter on the tip off to the Grand Minister of State Saneyori, and ordered the kebiishi (statutory office in the Heian and Kamakura periods) to capture and interrogate TACHIBANA no Shigenobu, and monk Renmo.
- 鹿苑寺、龍安寺、等持院などの名刹、京都府立堂本印象美術館や立命館大学衣笠キャンパスなどの文教施設も立地しており、四季を通じて多くの観光客で賑わう。
- It is crowded with many tourists throughout the year, because of famous temples such as Rokuon-ji Temple, Ryoan-ji Temple, and Toji-in Temple, as well as education and cultural facilities such as Kyoto Prefectural Insho-Domoto Museum of Fine Art and Ritsumeikan University Kinugasa Campus.
- これは郡山藩主本多政勝と高取藩主植村家政が幕命を受けて紀和国境のルートを調査した文書だが、この中には「中道筋」なる名で小辺路がとり上げられている。
- The document was drawn up by the lord of the Koriyama Domain Masakatsu HONDA and the lord of the Takatori Domain Iemasa UEMURA who had investigated the roads of the boundary of Kiwa Province by the order of the shogunate; and it recorded Kohechi in the name of 'Naka-michisuji' (literally 'middle route').
- 随行員に命じて顛末を急いで書きまとめさせ、東京の明治天皇の元へ電報で上奏するとともに、ロシア側に誠意を見せるため天皇の京都への緊急行幸を要請した。
- He ordered his escort person to make a report on this incident and sent it to Emperor Meiji by telegraph, and also requested that the emperor should visit Kyoto as soon as possible in order to show sincerity toward Russia.
- これらの処置には除目が開催され、天皇の公式命令である宣命・詔書が発給されていることから、すでに高倉天皇が清盛の意のままになっていたことを示している。
- These measures were revealed in Jimoku and since the shosho or senmei (an imperial edict) which were the official commands of the emperor, were distributed, Emperor Takakura was already under control of Kiyomori.
- 清盛はその経済力・軍事力を背景に朝廷における武家の地位を確立して、永暦元年(1160年)、参議に任命され、武士で初めて公卿(議政官)の地位に就いた。
- With the weight of the Taira's great economic and military might behind him, Kiyomori firmly established the (high) position of the warrior clans at court; in 1160 he was named Sangi (councillor), marking the first time a warrior had been raised to such a high and lordly (Giseikan) rank at court.
- 小西総長は辞職に追い込まれ、7月に後任の松井元興総長(博士 (理学)、のちに立命館大学学長)が就任したことから事件は急速に終息に向かうこととなった。
- Dean Konishi was forced to resign and with the appointment of Motooki MATSUI as dean (D.Sc., later Ritsumeikan University dean), the incident quickly headed towards a conclusion.
- 1928年・(昭和3年)頃に、現嵐山渓谷周辺が京都の嵐山の風景によく似ていると(本多静六)により武蔵嵐山と命名され評判になり、多数の観光客が訪れる。
- Around 1928: Gained popularity and visited by many tourists after being named Musashi Ranzan (by Seiroku HONDA) due to the scenery around present-day Ranzan Valley closely resembling that of Arashiyama in Kyoto
- 金貨の通貨単位としての両は武田信玄により、鋳造を命じられた甲州金により確立され、江戸幕府に継承されたもので、1両は4分に等しく、また16朱に等しい。
- As the currency unit of gold coins, ryo was established by Koshu-kin (the gold coin minted in Koshu Province), which Shingen TAKEDA ordered to coin, and handed down to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); 1 ryo was equalized with 4 bu, or 16 shu (bu and shu were former Japanese currency unit).
- 堺の両替商、湯浅作兵衛に命じて取り仕切らせ、頭役には、末吉氏の末吉利方(平野(末吉)勘兵衛利方)と子の末吉吉康(吉安)(末吉孫左衛門吉康)がなった。
- There, he ordered the Sakai money changer Sakubei YUASA to supervise the operation, which was headed Yoshikata SUEYOSHI (Kanbei Yoshikata HIRANO (SUEYOSHI) and his son Yoshiyasu (Saemon Yoshiyasu SUEYOSHI).
- 三浦氏の頼朝挙兵から宝治合戦での滅亡までの間の外戚についても、戦国大名の政略結婚とはまた違った、婚姻関係による共同行動、運命共同体がよく見てとれる。
- The allied activities and a group that shared same fate differed from the political marriage of the Sengoku Daimyo (daimyo of the Warring States Period) the maternal relatives of Miura clan from mobilization call of Yoritomo to its fall in Battle of Hoji could be seen.
- (一応の離脱理由は、泉湧寺塔中戒光寺の長老 湛然の仲介によって孝明天皇の御陵守護の任を拝命した事と、それに伴い薩摩、長州の動向を探るという事であった。
- (The reason given for the secession was that Kashitaro ITO was appointed as guard of Misasagi (Imperial mausoleum) of the Emperor Komei through the intermediation of Tannen, who was the elder of Kaiko-ji Temple that was tatchu (sub-temples in the site of main temple) of Sennyu-ji Temple, and, for the mission, had to keep an eye on the movements of Satsuma and Choshu.
- また、国内で紛争が発生した場合、臨時の国単位の軍事司令官たる追捕使・押領使などに任命され、国内武士を統率して国内の治安維持に当たる武力として機能した。
- And in the case of domestic conflicts, zaichokanjin were temporarily appointed as military officers of kokuga units called 'tsuibushi' or 'oryoshi' and functioned as the military forces that provided leadership over domestic bushis in order to maintain security.
- 12世紀に入ると、荘園の増大で税収が減り、上級貴族に俸給を払えなくなった朝廷は、彼らに知行国として国を与え、その国に関する国司の任命権と税収を与えた。
- In the 12th century, as a result of the reduction in tax revenue caused by the expansion of the shoen, the Imperial Court was no longer able to pay salaries to high-ranked aristocrats, so it gave these nobles provinces as chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom), as well as the right to appoint kokushi (provincial governors) and collect taxes.
- なお、天武天皇の子女で最後の生存者として叙された多紀内親王以外はいずれも内命婦以上の高位の女性の所生であり、母親の身分も深く関与したと考えられている。
- Since all the children of the Emperor Tenmu, except the Princess Taki who was conferred Ippon as the last existing child of the Emperor Tenmu, were born to mothers who were higher than the rank of the senior court lady; it is supposed that the status of the mothers was deeply related.
- ただし、明治時代の初期に数か町が合併して新たに命名された町、北野天神の社領など、従来町名のなかった土地に新たに起立した町名などもかなりの数が存在する。
- However, there are quite a few towns that were established by merger of several towns in the early Meiji period and given a new name, or towns that were newly established in areas that didn't have traditional town names such as the estate of Kitano Tenjin Shrine.
- 木造熊野速玉大神坐像、木造夫須美(ふすみ)大神坐像、木造家津御子(けつみこ)大神坐像、木造国常立命(くにとこたちのみこと)坐像(和歌山・熊野速玉大社)
- The wooden seated statue of the god of Kumano Hayatama, the wooden seated statue of the god of Fusumi, the wooden seated statue of the god of Ketsumiko, and the wooden seated statue of Kunitokotachi-no-mikoto (owned by Kumano Hayatama-taisha Grand Shrine in Wakayama)
- これ以後、大命降下があっても、軍部が現役武官の中から大臣候補を挙げなければ組閣できず、辞職して代わりの候補を出さなければ内閣を維持することもできない。
- Since then, even if an imperial command was given, the military would only elect a ministerial candidate from active military officers in order to form a Cabinet and they could not retain a Cabinet unless electing another candidate after a Military Minister resigned.
- 平氏政権は、各地の武士を系列化したり、家人の武士を各地へ派遣し、知行国においては国守護人、荘園においては地頭と呼ばれる職に任命して現地支配に当たらせた。
- The Taira clan administration organized the local bushi and sent their retainers to provinces and assigned them as local custodians at provinces and Jito at shoens in order to facilitate local governance.
- 後醍醐天皇は尊氏のこの要請を受けず、11月に義貞に尊氏追討を命じて出陣させるが、新田軍は敗北し、1336年(建武 (日本)3年)1月に足利軍は入京する。
- Emperor Godaigo refused this demand by Takauji, and in the eleventh month he commanded Yoshisada to send his army out to hunt down Takauji; but the Nitta army was defeated, and in the first month of 1336 the Ashikaga army entered the capital.
- なお、この事件が発生する前の4月16日 (旧暦)(5月14日)に、久光は近衛忠房らに公武合体を説いた意見書を提出し、朝廷から浪士鎮撫の勅命を受けていた。
- Incidentally, Hisamitsu submitted a written statement concerning Kobu-gattai to Tadafusa KONOE on May 14, prior to the Teradaya incident, and received an Imperial order to pacify masterless samurai.
- 事実、受領になると巨額の富を得ることができたため、国司に任命されるために人事権に強い影響を及ぼしうる摂関家へ取り入る者が後を絶たなかったと言われている。
- In fact, since the zuryo was in the position to accumulate an immense amount of wealth, it is said that an endless stream of people ingratiated themselves to the sekkanke (the aristocratic families of regents and advisers), which had a great influence over personnel issues, in order to attain the post of the kokushi.
- 第7編「国民の職分を論ず」において、主君のために自分の命を投げ出す忠君義士の討死と、主人の命令を守れなかったために首をくくった権助の死を同一視している。
- In the seventh volume 'Consideration of the jobs of people', he painted a very loyal hero who sacrificed himself to his lord, and an ordinary man who killed himself because he could not uphold the order from his lord, with the same brush.
- 1882年(明治15年)3月、「在廷臣僚」として参議・伊藤博文らは、政府の命を受けてヨーロッパに渡り、ドイツ系立憲主義の理論と実際について調査を始めた。
- A councilor, Hirobumi ITO and others went to Europe as 'government officials' on orders from the government in March, 1882, and started investigating theory and practice of German constitutionalism.
- 現在の考古学は箸墓古墳を卑弥呼の墓の最有力候補と見ているから、倭迹迹日百襲媛命(やまとととひももそひめのみこと)は卑弥呼の有力な候補の1つと考えられる。
- According to today's archaeology, the Hashihaka Tumulus is the most probable resting place of Himiko, so Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto is considered the most likely person to be identified with Himiko.
- 荒廃した足尾地区の森林を復元するため、1897年、当時の農商務省により足尾に植林が命じられ、以後、現在(2006年)に至るまで治山事業が続けられている。
- In order to restore the devastated forests in the Ashio area, in 1897, the then Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce ordered plantation to Ashio, and since then a reforestation project has commenced and continues to the present (2006).
- 大坂冬の陣で家康は一旦和睦し堀を埋め立てた後に再度、兵を挙げる事で大坂城を落としているが、この方法は家康が存命中の秀吉に直接聞いたものという逸話がある。
- After a peace treaty and reclamation of the moats in Osaka Fuyu no Jin, Ieyasu raised an army again and captured Osaka-jo Castle and there is an episode that Ieyasu heard about this approach directly from Hideyoshi when he was alive.
- 貞観5年(631年)に倭国は使者を派遣して、入貢し方物を献じたが、太宗は、倭国は遠い国であるから、毎年朝貢する必要はない、と担当の役所に命じた、という。
- In 631, Wakoku deployed an envoy to pay tributes to the King of Tang, but Taiso (Tang tai zong, the second Emperor of Tang) said to the office in charge that as Wakoku is located far from there, it does not need to pay tributes every year'.
- また、直前の5月18日付けで徳川家康より家臣宛に「柵等よく念を入れて構築するように。(武田方は)馬一筋に突入してくるぞ」という趣旨の命令書を発している。
- Just before the battle, on July 6, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA wrote to his vassal, 'Built a stockade with care. (The Takeda side) will make only cavalry charges,' which is the intent of his order.
- ところが、信輔左遷の翌年に突如関白左大臣秀次が秀吉の怒りを買って切腹を命じられ、続いて秀次の側室の父であった右大臣菊亭晴季も連座して越後国に流罪となった。
- In the following year of Nobusuke's banishment, however, Kanpaku and Sadaijin Hidetsugu infuriated Hideyoshi and was ordered to commit seppuku by him out of the blue, and in addition, the father of Hidetsugu's concubine, Udaijin Harusue KIKUTEI, was also banished to Echigo Province on guilt by association.
- 豊臣秀吉の死後、次の天下人の座を狙う徳川家康は、慶長5年、度重なる上洛命令を無視した上杉景勝を公儀に反抗する逆臣として征伐すると称し、会津攻めを開始した。
- After the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was seeking the post of tenkabito (the ruler of the kingdom), began invading the Aizu Domain to attack Kagekatsu UESUGI's army in 1600, claiming that Uesugi was a treacherous retainer who rebelled against the administrative authority because he had often ignored the order to go to the capital.
- 豊臣秀吉の死後、次の天下人の座を狙う徳川家康は慶長5年(1600年)、度重なる上洛命令に応じない会津の上杉景勝を逆臣として討伐すべく、会津攻めを開始した。
- After the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who was seeking the post of tenkabito (the ruler of the kingdom), began invading the Aizu Domain to attack Kagekatsu UESUGI's army in 1600, claiming that UESUGI was a treacherous retainer who rebelled against the administrative authority because he had often ignored the order to go to the capital.
- そのため、天皇は三条西実世(大納言)と中院通勝(中納言)、烏丸光広(近衛府内部官職)の三人を勅使として田辺城の東西両軍に派遣し、勅命講和を命じたのである。
- For this reason, the Emperor sent Saneyo SANJONISHI (Chief Councillor of State), Michikatsu NAKANOIN (Vice-councillor of State) and Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU (Konoefu naibukanshoku (a post guarding inside the palace and imperial families)) as Imperial messengers to both the eastern army and western army at Tanabe-jo Castle in order to propose a royal peace command.
- 尊氏ら足利氏の勢力を警戒した護良親王は奈良の信貴山に拠り尊氏を牽制する動きに出たため、後醍醐天皇は妥協策として6月23日に護良親王を征夷大将軍に任命する。
- Because Imperial Prince Morinaga, who was on his guard against the considerable might of Takauji and the rest of the Ashikaga clan, had gone off to Mt. Shigi and began acting to hem in Takauji's power, on the twenty-third day of the sixth month, Emperor Godaigo made Imperial Prince Morinaga the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') as part of a compromise plan between the two of them.
- これに並行して鎮守府諸施設の工事が始まり、1901年(明治34年)10月1日に舞鶴鎮守府が開庁、初代司令長官は当時海軍中将であった東郷平八郎が任命された。
- At the same time construction of the facilities for Chinjufu began, and on October 1, 1901, Maizuru Chinjufu started operations under first Admiral Heihachiro TOGO who had been a vice admiral till then.
- 彼らの多くは六位どまりの侍身分の技能官人であったが、上層階級の者は諸大夫身分の一角を占めて四位・五位クラスまで昇り、受領級の官職に任命されるようになった。
- Many of them were technical samurai officers of the sixth rank which was the highest rank for them, but those who were in higher classes dominated a part of shodaibu (aristocracy lower than kugyo) positions, were promoted to the fourth or fifth rank, and were appointed to zuryo-level government positions.
- 現在の京都御苑にあった公家町の公家の屋敷は明治初期の東京移住命令により全て取り壊されたが、今出川以北にあった上冷泉家は取り壊しをまぬがれたといわれている。
- The residences in the town of court nobility, located in what is now Kyoto Gyoen, were all demolished on an order of relocation to Tokyo issued at the beginning of the Meiji Period, but the residence of the Kami Reizei family is said to have escaped demolition due to its location to the North of Imadegawa.
- 法文を素直に解釈すると、大日本帝国憲法においての天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読めるが、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- Reading the contents literally gives the impression that the Emperor had great power; but even after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely governed the affairs of state directly.
- 紀元前88年には、四道将軍の一人、大彦命がきいた童歌から武埴安彦命の反乱を予言したうえ、彼の妻吾田媛と二手に分かれて攻めてくるとも予言し、的中させている。
- In 88 B.C., she predicted the revolt of Takehaniyasuhiko no Mikoto from an old children's song that Obiko no Mikoto who was one of the Shido-shogun (Generals Dispatched to Four Circuits) had heard; furthermore, she also made a prediction which came true that divided into two groups with his wife, Ata hime Takehaniyasuhiko no Mikoto would make an attack.
- 明治政府は有栖川宮熾仁親王を鹿児島県逆徒征討総督(総司令官)に任じ、実質的総司令官になる参軍(副司令官)には山縣有朋陸軍中将と川村純義海軍中将を任命した。
- The Meiji government appointed Imperial Prince Arisugawanomiya Taruhito to Governor-General on Suppression of the rebellion of Kagoshima Prefecture (supreme commander), and appointed Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army Aritomo YAMAGATA and Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA to Sangun (seconds-in-command), which were to be the virtual supreme commanders.
- 盛親以外には、細川興秋は父・細川忠興から自刃を命じられ、増田長盛は盛次の罪を背負う形で配流先の岩槻区で、また古田重然は国松を匿った疑いでそれぞれ自刃した。
- Besides Morichika, Okiaki HOSOKAWA was ordered by his father to commit jijin (suicide with one's sword) by his father, Tadaoki HOSOKAW, Nagamori MASHITA committed jijin in Iwatsuki Ward where he was banished to compensate for Moritsugu's crime, and Shigenari FURUTA did so for the suspicion of harboring Kunimatsu.
- 後白河と頼朝の橋渡しに奔走していた平頼盛はすでに逃亡しており(『百錬抄』『玉葉』10月20日条)、親鎌倉派の一条能保・持明院基家も相次いで鎌倉に亡命した。
- TAIRA no Yorimori, who had been scrambling to act as an intermediary between Goshirakawa and Yoritomo, had already escaped ('Hyakuren sho' and 'Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13), and pro-shogunate Yoshiyasu ICHIJO and Motoie JIMYOIN defected to Kamakura one after another.
- 天正3年(1575年)、長篠の戦いの後、武田氏の外戚である木曾義昌(武田信玄の娘・真理姫の夫)は武田勝頼より秋山信友が守る美濃国岩村城の支援を命じられた。
- In 1575, after the Battle of Nagashino, Yoshimasa KISO (who was married to Marihime, Shingen TAKEDA's daughter), a maternal relative of the Takeda clan, was ordered by Katsuyori TAKEDA to support Nobumoto AKIYAMA in defending Iwamura-jo Castle in Mino Province.
- その後、荘園の更なる増大で税収が減り、上級貴族に俸給を払えなくなった朝廷は、彼らに知行国として国を与え、その国に関する国司の任命権と税収を上級貴族に与えた。
- After that, the imperial court, who were no longer able to pay the salaries of the high-level aristocrats due to decreased tax revenues because of the growing number of shoen, gave territories as Chigyo koku (proprietary provinces), as well as the patronage of the Kokushi and tax revenues regarding the province, to the high-level aristocrats.
- 鎌倉幕府による地頭の任命は、承久の乱後、当初の関東御分国や平氏没官領、謀反人領のみから、後鳥羽天皇方につき没収された貴族・武士の所領に拡大した(新補地頭)。
- After the Jokyu War, the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed jito in the confiscated territory of court nobles/samurai who had sided with the Emperor Gotoba (shinpo-jito (newly appointed jito)), in addition to the provincial territories that belonged to the Kamakura Bakufu and the confiscated territories of the Taira clan and/or rebels where it had appointed jito earlier.
- 1590年、後北条氏が小田原の役で豊臣秀吉に滅ぼされると、後北条氏の旧領に封ぜられ、開拓の命を受けた徳川家康は、関東地方の中心となるべき居城を江戸に定めた。
- With the destruction of the Gohojo clan by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in the Siege of Odawara (1590), TOKUGAWA Ieyasu, who was assigned to govern and develop former Gohojo territories designated Edo as the central place in the Kanto region from where he would govern.
- 「侫人」(ねいじん)とは荒木村重や約束を守らない荒木久左衛門らを指しており、不便と思いながらも「荒木一族は武道人にあらず」と人質全員を処刑するように命じた。
- Sycophants' means Murashige ARAKI, Kyuzaemon ARAKI who did not keep his word, and so on, and although he felt pity, he ordered to execute all hostages telling 'Araki family are not samurai.'
- 短期間のうちにほぼ独力で近代国家を整備し、西欧列強に比肩する国家を築き上げたことは諸外国からは奇跡と見られ、とくにアジア諸国にとって近代革命の模範となった。
- People in foreign countries thought it a miracle that Japan organized a modern state mostly on their own in such a short period and built a country which had almost the same power as any Western European country, and it served as a model for the modern revolution especially for other Asian countries.
- 日本においては,国家の命運をはるか未来まで予言したという聖徳太子『未来記』なる偽書が古くから流布し,楠木正成も味方の士気を鼓舞するためにこれを用いたという。
- In Japan, a gisho with the title 'Mirai-ki' (Accounts of Future Events) by Prince Shotoku, who was said to be able to tell the future of Japan, has circulated since ancient times, and Masashige KUSUNOKI, a famous military commander in 14th century, was said to make use of this gisho to raise the morale of his army.
- 実際、幕府が国内沿岸を運行する唐船の警固を西国の御家人に命じた例がいくつか見られるものの、外洋に出た後の航海は護衛せず、基本的には商人たちに放任されていた。
- Although there were, in fact, several cases where the bakufu ordered Saigoku-gokenin to guard Tosen running along domestic coasts, the government did not guard the ships after they ran out into the open sea and basically left the guard to the merchants..
- そこで宮中深くまで出入りを許されていた歯科医の兼安備後(妹の命婦讃岐も宮中に仕えていた)に仲介を頼んで文通を始め、それをきっかけとして二人で逢瀬を重ねていた。
- Then he asked dentist Bingo KANEYASU (whose younger sister Sanuki was serving in the court as a myobu (high-ranking court lady)), who had been allowed admission to the inner quarters of the Court, to go between in the exchange of letters between the lovers, who then began direct meetings with each other.
- 勅命ということで、優位であった小野木ら西軍も拒絶することがでず、9月6日に幽斎は西軍に田辺城を開城して明け渡し、敵将・前田茂勝の居城である丹波亀山城に入った。
- The western army with Onogi, which was becoming dominant, was not able to refuse the royal command because it was a command from the Emperor, and Yusai surrendered Tanabe-jo Castle to the western army and entered Kameyama-jo Castle, the lord of which was Shigekatsu MAEDA, the enemy general, in Tanba on September 6.
- 慶応3年末、薩摩藩の大久保利通や公家の岩倉具視らの働きで発せられた王政復古 (日本)により、大阪に退いていた前徳川将軍家・徳川慶喜に対し辞官納地が命ぜられた。
- At the end of 1867, jikan-nochi (resignation from the government post and retrocession of the domain) was ordered against Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA of the former Tokugawa Shogunate family, who had retreated to Osaka due to the restoration of Imperial rule (in Japan), was initiated by Toshimichi OKUBO of the Satsuma domain and the court noble, Tomomi IWAKURA.
- 中でも著名なのが988年(永延2)11月8日付けの「尾張国郡司百姓等解」であり、尾張の郡司・百姓層が国守藤原元命による非法・濫行横法31条を訴えた事例である。
- One of the most famous appeals was 'Owari no kuni (Owari Province) Gunji (a local government official) Hyakusho (farmers) ra no Gebumi (letter)' of November 8, 988, in which the Gunji and farmers in Owari complained their Kokushu, FUJIWARA no Motonaga's illegal behaviors as a breach of thirty-one articles of misconduct and violence.
- 1790年(寛政2年)老中松平定信は、寛政の改革の一環として、柴野栗山・岡田寒泉を湯島聖堂付きの儒者に登用し、湯島聖堂あずかりの林家に対し朱子学擁護を命じた。
- In 1790, as part of the Kansei Reform, Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, a roju (senior councilor), recruited the Confucians Ritsuzan SHIBANO and Kansen OKADA to teach at Yushima Seido; additionally, he ordered the Hayashi family, who worked for Yushima Seido, to protect Neo-Confucianism.
- 当時の皇族の名は資養者の関係から命名され、乳母のウジが採られることが多いが、壱志姫王の場合も伊勢国一志郡に興る壱師君(後に宿禰)が扶養者であったと推測される。
- The members of the Imperial Family at that time were usually named after their guardians, most of the time their menoto (wet nurse), and we can assume that Ichishihime no Okimi was dependent of the Ichishi no kimi clan (later Sukune [the third highest of the eight hereditary titles]) which emerged in Ichishi County, Ise Province.
- また、陸続きの隣国が存在せず、また天皇を君主とした国家体制が続いてきたこともあり、隣国との通謀や亡命の可能性が低く、天皇を抜きとした政権転覆も考えにくかった。
- Japan was an island country and with its stable state system with the emperor, betrayal or defection to neighboring countries, as well as overthrowing the government without an emperor, was unlikely.
- さらに、助かった船員らは救命ボートで避難していたため、船長が適切な避難誘導をせずに、乗客である日本人を取り残したのではないかとの疑念から当時の世論が沸騰した。
- Furthermore, the surviving crew members had fled from the ship on lifeboats, which then created a sensation triggering speculation that the captain might have left the Japanese passengers without giving them proper evacuation guidance.
- 藤原佐世が勅命を奉じて作成した『日本国見在書目録』や藤原通憲が個人蔵書を記した『通憲入道蔵書目録』、滋野井実冬説などがある『本朝書籍目録』などが知られている。
- Well-known mokuroku of this type include 'Nihonkoku Genzaisho Mokuroku' (The Catalogue of Chinese Texts Existent in Japan), which was made by FUJIWARA no Sukeyo on imperial order, 'Michinorinyudo Zosho Mokuroku', in which Fujiwara no Michinori recorded his personal library, and 'Honcho Shojaku Mokuroku' (The Catalogue of Books in Our Country), which is believed to have been made by Sanefuyu SHIGENOI.
- そして、この場合もやはり、撰者は孔子に擬せられ、各経書に対する注釈という形式をとって、易姓革命や自然災害などを孔子が予言していたものとして、当時、受容された。
- In the 'Isho,' which was written in the form of notes to each Chinese classics of Confucianism, the author/compiler was asserted to be Confucius, and the Isho was accepted in those days as the medium through which Confucius supposedly predicted the Ekisei revolution (an ancient Chinese political concept), various natural disasters and more.
- ニコライの元に届けられた見舞い電報は1万通を超え、山形県金山村(現・金山町 (山形県))では「津田」の姓及び「三蔵」の命名を禁じる条例を決議する村まであった。
- More than 10,000 telegrams wishing his speedy recovery were sent to Nicholas, and in Kanayama Village, Yamagata Prefecture, its local government enforced a regulation of forbidding the use of the family name 'Tsuda' and the given name 'Sanzo'.
- 『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰(のみのすくね)が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したとあり、これを埴輪の起源とする。
- According to the book of Emperor Suinin in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested the Emperor to take clay and form the shapes of men and horses instead of burying dead people who followed their lord to the grave in an imperial mausoleum of Princess Hibasu, which was defined as the origin of the Haniwa.
- 応保2年(1162年)、甲斐守に任じられた藤原忠重は、国内に新設された荘園や加納田を停廃せよとの宣旨を受け、甲斐国に下向させる目代の中原清弘にその旨を命じた。
- In 1162, FUJIWARA no Tadashige, who was newly appointed to the provisional governor of Kai Province, got his deputy Kiyohiro NAKAHARA to go to Kai Province and ordered him to abolish the newly established shoen and kanoden based upon the Imperial decree ordering to do so.
- 箱館戦争が終結すると、首謀者の榎本武揚・大鳥圭介・松平太郎らは東京辰の口に投獄されたが、黒田清隆らによる助命運動により、明治5年(1872年)1月に赦免された。
- When the Hakodate War was over, the mastermind of the war, Takeaki ENOMOTO, Keisuke OTORI, and Taro MATSUDAIRA were imprisoned in Tatsunokuchi, Tokyo, but they were pardoned in January, 1872, because of a movement to save their lives led by Kiyotaka KURODA.
- 重盛は、白山事件で家人が矢を神輿に当てる失態を犯したのに加え、妻の兄が配流されて助命を求めたにも関わらず殺害されたことで面目を失い、6月5日に左大将を辞任した。
- Shigemori quit the position of Sadaisho (head of the left palace guards) on July 9 because he had lost face when his soldier hit the mikoshi with an arrow during the Hakusan Incident and his wife's elder brother was killed during exile even after Shigemori asked for his life to be spared.
- 大内義隆(義興の子)は宿敵の少弐資元(政資の子)に止めを刺すべく筑前国守護代杉興連に命じて大内方の北九州の諸将を率いさせ、資元の居城肥前国勢福寺城を攻撃させた。
- Yoshitaka OUCHI (a son of Yoshioki) ordered Okitsura SUGI, Shugodai (deputy of Shugo, provincial constable) of Chikuzen Province, to lead the warlords of Kitakyushu in the Ouchi side to attack Seifukuji-jo Castle in Hizen Province, the castle of Sukemoto SHONI (a son of Sukemoto SHONI) in Hizen Province.
- しかし慶長18年(1613年)1月8日、重政の嫡子・山口重信と大久保忠隣の養女との婚姻を幕府に届けなかったとして、私婚禁止違反であるとして幕命により改易された。
- Things, however, changed on February 27, 1613 when Shigemasa was punished by being deprived of his fiefs under an order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) for violating a ban on private marriages on the ground that he had not registered marriage between his legitimate child, Shigenobu YAMAGUCHI, and Tadachika OKUBO's adopted daughter at the bakufu.
- 荒木久左衛門が開城を決意したのは、織田信長から講和の呼びかけがあり「荒木村重が尼崎城と花隈城を明け渡すならば、本丸の家族と家臣一同の命は助ける」とした為である。
- The reason why Kyuzaemon ARAKI made his mind to surrender was that Nobunaga ODA made a peace proposal on condition that, if Murashige ARAKI would surrender Amagasaki-jo Castle and Hanakuma-jo Castle, lives of family members and subordinates in honmaru would be saved.
- しかし、サンプルが少なすぎて血液型までしか特定できなかった(1998年になってニコライの骨と認められ、ロシア正教会はニコライ2世を革命の犠牲者として列聖した)。
- However, only a blood type was identified from the sample (later in 1998, the bone fragments were identified to belong to Tsar Nicholas II, and the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him as a victim of revolution).
- 唐律令では、国政の意思決定機構は、天子の命を受けて政策を企画立案する中書省、中書の立案を審議する門下省、門下省が同意した政策を実行する尚書省から構成されていた。
- In the Tang Ritsuryo system, the government's decision-making organization consisted of the Secretariat that planned and formulated policy by order of the emperor, the Chancellery that discussed the plan formulated by the Secretariat, and the Department of State Affairs that executed the policy approved by the Chancellery.
- 歌合などでは、小貴族であっても和歌の腕がよければ選ばれて光栄に浴することも出来たので、身分の低い参加者のうちには文字通り命がけの覚悟で歌を練るものもいたと言う。
- Since even minor nobles would be able to have the honor of being selected if they were skilled at waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), especially utaawase, it is said that some of the people of low birth were desperate to come up with good poems, literally for their lives.
- 寛文5年6月25日 (旧暦)(1665年8月6日)に小出が死去すると、同年8月6日 (旧暦)(1665年9月14日)宮崎重成と雨宮正種の2名に小出の後任を命じた。
- After KOIDE died on August 6, 1665, Shigenari MIYAZAKI and Masatane AMEMIYA were appointed to succeed his post in September 14, 1665.
- しかし1579年(天正7年)8月に織田信長に丹波平定を命ぜられた明智光秀は横山城を攻め落とし、城主の塩見信房は自害し果て、塩見氏の福知山統治は終焉することになる。
- However, Mitsuhide AKECHI who was ordered by Nobunaga ODA to take over Tanba conquered Yokoyama-jo Castle in August 1579, and Nobufusa SHIOMI, its steward, killed himself, which brought about the end of the rule of Fukuchiyama under the Shiomi clan.
- そこで13日には岩倉や西郷は妥協案として辞官納地に慶喜が応じれば、慶喜を議定に任命するとともに「前内大臣」としての待遇を認めるとする提案を行わざるを得なくなった。
- On the 13th, Iwakura and Saigo had no choice but to propose a compromise that as long as Yoshinobu accepted Jikan-nochi he would be assigned a gijo and treated as former Minister of the Center.
- 織田信長の命により石山本願寺に和睦の交渉役として出向いた時に、城内の困窮ぶりを目のあたりにし、交渉を有利にすすめるために単独で米100石を提供したという説もある。
- There is another view telling that when he visited Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple as a negotiator for peace by the order of Nobunaga ODA, he saw with his own eyes hardship in the castle, and he supplied on his discretion 100 koku (approx. 18 cubic meters) of rice in order to carry out negotiation for this favor.
- 4月30日、西郷から豊後方面突出の命を受けた奇兵隊指揮長野村忍介は、椎葉山を越え、一部を富高新町(細島西方)の守備及び細島方面の警備に任じ、主力は延岡に進出した。
- On April 30, commanded by SAIGO to charge into the Bungo area, Commander Oshisuke NOMURA led Kiheitai to went over Mt. Shiiba and assigned part of the troop to the roles of defending Tomitaka-shinmachi (in the west of Hososhima) and guarding the Hososhima area, while advancing the main force to Nobeoka.
- このうち、国司には中央から派遣されたが、郡司・里長はかつての在地首長である地域の豪族層が終身官として任命され、実質上自分の支配地域を行政単位として認められていた。
- The provincial governor was sent from the central government, whereas the local magistrate or village chief was appointed for life from local powerful clans who had ruled the area, which virtually meant that they were approved to govern the areas they originally ruled as administrative districts of the central government.
- 天保の改革で水野忠邦は株仲間による流通の独占がインフレーションの原因であるとして、1841年-1842年に掛け、冥加金の上納を停止させ、株仲間の大半の解散を命じた。
- In the Tenpo Reforms, Tadakuni MIZUNO ordered to stop the payment of render from 1841 through 1842 and dissolve most kabunakama, saying that the monopoly of the distribution system by kabunakama was the cause of inflation.
- 『日本書紀』によれば、継体天皇21年(527年)に起きた磐井の乱に際して、筑紫君磐井の征討を命じられた物部麁鹿火に、継体天皇が刀を授けたことが、節刀の初めとされる。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' Setto had begun when the Emperor Keitai granted the sword to MONONOBE no Arakahi who was assigned to conquer Tsukushinokimiiwai in the Iwai War occurred in 527.
- 明治天皇が明治2年(1869年)東京へ移った後、公家屋敷などが広がっていた京都御所周辺は荒廃し、この状況を嘆いた天皇は、明治10年(1877年)御所の保存を命じた。
- After the Emperor Meiji moved to Tokyo in 1869, the area around the Kyoto Imperial Palace where residences of the nobility existed fell into ruin, and the Emperor who grieved over this situation ordered the preservation of the Imperial Palace in 1877.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期の1575年、織田信長から丹波・丹後進攻の命を受けた家臣の明智光秀と細川幽斎らに侵攻され、旧守護職の一色義道は殺され、一色氏は完全に没落した。
- In 1575, during the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), Mitsuhide AKECHI and Yusai HOSOKAWA who were ordered to invade Tanba and Tango by Nobunaga ODA, killed former Shugoshoku Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, leading to the downfall of the Isshiki clan.
- だが、引田臣を率いる阿倍比羅夫が斉明天皇に仕えて将軍として活躍し、布施臣を率いる倉梯麻呂の息子・阿倍御主人(635-703)は大宝律令下で最初の右大臣に任命された。
- Nevertheless, ABE no Hirafu who led HIKITA no omi served as Shogun for Empress Saimei, and ABE no Miushi (635-703), the son of Kurahashimaro who led FUSE no omi, was assigned to become the first Udaijin (minister of the right) under the Taiho Code.
- しかし、明治4年(1871年)旧11月、岩倉具視特命全権大使一行が欧米各国を歴訪した折、耶蘇教禁止令が各国の非難を浴びて、条約改正の交渉上障碍になるとの報告をした。
- However, because Japan were castigated by the world due to the Edict of the Prohibition of Christianity when they visited Europe and the United States in December, 1871, the members of the Iwakura Mission reported that the prohibition of Christianity could be an obstacle to negotiating the revision of the unequal treaty.
- その政治権力を背景として、有力貴族らが縁者や係累を特定の国の受領に任命することが徐々に慣例化していき、現地へ赴任した受領の俸料・得分を自らの経済的収益としたのである。
- With their political power as a background, it gradually became a custom that powerful nobles appointed their relatives or dependents to zuryo of specific provinces, and they acquired, as their revenues, the salary and tax gained by the zuryo they sent to the provinces.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- 福禅寺 (福山市)(境内は「朝鮮通信使遺跡鞆福禅寺境内」として国の史跡に指定、村上天皇の命を受けた空也上人による創建 対潮楼には「日東第一形勝」の額が掲げられている)
- Fukuzen-ji Temple (Fukuyama City): The precincts is a nationally designated historical site as being the 'site for commemorating Joseon missions which visited the precincts of Tomo Fukuzen-ji Temple,' while the temple was founded by Kuya Shonin under the command of Emperor Murakami, and the Taichoro Reception Hall has the Joseon envoy's words of praise for the scenic beauty of Tomonoura, which read 'the most beautiful, picturesque scenery in the world east of Joseon' in Japanese.
- 1917年のロシア革命に端を発し、寺内正毅内閣により7月12日にシベリア出兵宣言が出されると需要拡大を見込んだ商人による米の買占め、売惜しみが発生し米価格が急騰した。
- In 1917 when the Russian Revolution broke out, prompting the Masatake TERAUCHI cabinet to announce on July 12 the dispatch of troops to Siberia, rice merchants anticipated a sharp rise in demand and curbed rice sales, causing rice prices to skyrocket.
- 当時穴山梅雪を伴い領国加増の御礼で安土城を訪問した後堺市にいた徳川家康は伊賀国越えにより難を逃れているが、遅れて出発した梅雪は木津川 (京都府)畔京田辺市で落命した。
- While Ieyasu TOKUGAWA--who was in Sakai City after a visit to Azuchi-jo Castle accompanied by Baisetsu ANAYAMA in order to show his appreciation for the increase of his own territory--escaped the hardship by traveling beyond Iga Province, Baisetsu, who departed later, was killed in Kyotanabe City on the Kizu-gawa riverfront (Kyoto Prefecture).
- その利害対立は、京の都の近国においては藤原元命に対する「尾張国郡司百姓等解文」で有名な国司苛政上訴として現れるが、多くは武力による衝突までにはならずに調整が図られる。
- Among such conflicts in interest seen in neighboring provinces of Kyoto was the famous 'Owari no kuni Gunji Hyakusho ra no Gebumi' (Letter from a local government official of Owari Province to farmers) sent against FUJIWARA no Motonaga for Kokushi kasei joso (appeals or armed struggles against kokushi - provincial governor taken by farmers), but many did not develop into military conflict, but were rather settled with negotiations.
- 領家は、開発領主を現地管理者として荘官に任命し、荘官を通じて、荘園からの収穫を地子として徴収したり、荘園内の百姓(荘民)に労役を課したり(公事)して、自らの収入とした。
- Ryoke appointed kaihatsu ryoshu to shokan to manage the lands, and through them, ryoke obtained income for themselves by collecting harvests from shoen as jishi (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system) and required peasants (shomin) who worked within shoen to provide labor for kuji (public duties).
- 皇子を憐れんで祖母・皇極天皇は皇子をとても可愛がったと日本書紀に記載されており、「萬歳千秋の後に、要ず朕が陵に合せ葬れ」と言い、自分が崩御した際一緒に合葬せよと命じた。
- According to the Nihonshoki, feeling pity towards the prince, his grandmother, the Empress Kogyoku, doted so fondly on him that she ordered at the time of her demise to bury him together with her, saying that 'even after a long period of time, be certain to bury him together with me in my tomb.'
- 安史軍の根拠地であった河北には安史軍から投降してきた魏博(天雄軍)の田承嗣・幽州(廬龍軍)の李懐仙・恒冀(成徳軍)の李宝臣などの武将をそのまま節度使として任命していた。
- In Hebei, which was the base for the An Shi army, generals who defected from the An Shi army, such as Chengsi TIAN of Weibo (Tenyu army), Kaisen RI of You Prefecture (Lulong army) and Baochen LI of Koki (Chengde army), were directly assigned as setsudoshi.
- ところが、延宝3年(1674年)に第4皇子である五宮(後に朝仁親王と命名、後の東山天皇)が誕生すると、天皇は当時4歳の一宮よりも五宮に皇位を継がせたいと考えるようになる。
- However, when Gonomiya, the Emperor's fourth son (later Imperial Prince Asahito and still later Emperor Higashiyama) was born in 1674, the Emperor began to think of having Gonomiya, rather than four years old Ichinomiya, succeed his throne.
- 福知山を含む丹波国一体は秀吉の支配下に置かれ、秀吉の家臣の小野木重勝(小野木重次、小野木重勝ともいう)や杉原家次らが、秀吉の命により福智山城城主となり統治するようになる。
- The whole area of Tanba Province including Fukuchiyama came under Hideyoshi's rule, and Hideyoshi's vassals such as Shigekatsu ONOGI (also called Shigetsugu ONOGI or Shigekatsu ONOGI), Ietsugu SUGIHARA, etc. were ordered to take office as steward of Fukuchiyama-jo Castle by Hideyoshi, subsequently ruling the area.
- しかし、寛永11年(1634年)に後水尾天皇の命で同族の五条家から高辻遂長(かつなが)(正三位・参議・大蔵省)(1600年-1643年)を家督養子として家名が再興される。
- However, by the order of Emperor Gomizunoo in 1634, Katsunaga TAKATSUJI (Shosanmi - Senior Third Rank), Sangi, Okurasho (Minister of Treasury) (1600 - 1643) was adopted as the heir from the Gojo family, which belonged to the same family, and the family name was revived.
- そこに竹中重治が進み出て「その役目手前がつかまつる」として長浜城 (近江国)に向い、黒田長政を自分の領地である菩提山城に移動させ、そこで織田信長の命に逆らってかくまった。
- On that occasion, Shigeharu TAKENAKA stepped forward telling that he would do that job and went to Nagahama-jo Castle (Omi Province) and moved Nagamasa KURODA to Bodaisan-jo Castle in his territory and gave shelter to him there against Nobunaga ODA's order.
- 成立後総督府は台湾での鉄道建設を積極的に推進し、1908年には台湾南北を縦貫する西部幹線を完成させるなど、それまで数日を必要とした移動を1日で移動できる空間革命となった。
- Since the establishment, the Sotoku-fu actively promoted railway construction in Taiwan, and completed the western line in 1908, which, linking the north and west, reduced the travel time from several days to a single day.
- また、この争乱は、一族や家族、地域の共同体という横の絆と、主君と家臣という縦の絆の相克があり、命を懸けて戦った武士の全てが源氏や平氏という特定氏族に収斂されるわけでもない。
- Additionally, this war was a conflict between the ties amongst clan, family, and regional community, and the ties between lords and vassals, and all of the warriors who fought for their lives can not simply be classified into specific clans such as Minamoto or Taira.
- 以後、幸徳井家は代々陰陽助として土御門家の指示のもとに暦注のみを管轄した(ただし、宝暦4年(1754年)に土御門家内部の混乱から幸徳井保暠が陰陽頭に任命された例外がある)。
- Since then, as Onmyo no suke under the TSUCHIMIKADO family, the KOTOKUI family managed only the Rekichu (the annotation for the calendar) (although there was an exception when Yasukiyo KOTOKUI was appointed to Onmyo no kami in 1754 due to disturbance within the TSUCHIMIKADO family).
- その年に起きた葛西大崎一揆の戦後処理で翌年の1591年、秀吉に米沢などを更に没収され国替を命じられ、旧大崎葛西領など58万石の領主として岩出山城(現大崎市岩出山)に移った。
- In 1591, one year after the Kasai-Osaki Ikki (the revolt of the former retainers of the Kasai clan and the Osaki clan), Hideyoshi confiscated an additional land of Masamune including Yonezawa and ordered to change his ruling domain to the former Osaki-Kasai domain of 580,000 goku (161,240 cubic meters), which forced Masamune to relocate to the Iwadeyama Castle (present-day, Iwadeyama, Osaki City) as a domain lord.
- しかし、内閣総理大臣は機務奏宣権(天皇に裁可を求める奏請権と天皇の裁可を宣下する権限)と国務大臣の奏薦権(天皇に任命を奏請する権限)を有したため、実質的な権限は大きかった。
- However, since prime ministers had the rights to petition approval of the emperor, to announce the emperor's approval, and to petition appointment of ministers to the emperor, they could exercise strong powers.
- 21日、義仲は松殿基房と連携して「世間の事松殿に申し合はせ、毎事沙汰を致すべし」(『玉葉』同日条)と命じ、22日、基房の子・松殿師家を内大臣・摂政とする傀儡政権を樹立した。
- On January 12, working with Motofusa MATSUDONO, Yoshinaka ordered a 'discussion on the issues of society with Matsudomo and take action' ('Gyokuyo,' entry of January 12, 1184), and on January 13, he established a puppet government under Moroie MATSUDONO, the son of Motofusa, as Naidaijin (minister of the center) and sessho (regent).
- 俘囚と公民百姓の差異に対応するため、812年(弘仁3)、朝廷は国司に対し、俘囚の中から優れた者を夷俘長に専任し、俘囚社会における刑罰権を夷俘長に与える旨の命令を発出している。
- To erase the differences between the Fushu and the public peasants, in 812 the Imperial Court issued an order to the kokushi to select competent persons from the Fushu as full-time Ifucho (leaders of Ifu) who would exercise their punitive authority for crimes in Fushu society.
- 特に南北朝時代_(日本)によって財政難に拍車がかかると、朝廷が収入を確保するために各官庁に命じて内裏率分関(だいりりつぶんぜき・内裏率分所(だいりりつぶんしょ))を設置した。
- Especially in the Period of Northern and Southern Courts, as financial difficulties became more serious, the Imperial Court commanded each government office to set up Dairi-ritsubunseki (Imperial pro rata checkpoints, also called Dairi-ritsubunsho) in order to ensure their income.
- 貴船神社社伝においては、神武天皇の母である玉依姫命が、淀川、鴨川の源流を遡上した際にたどりついたのが貴船の地とされるため、日本神話的には貴船川を鴨川の源流と見なすこともある。
- In the legend of the Kibune-jinja Shrine, Kibune is considered to be the place where Emperor Jinmu's mother, Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto, reached when going up the sources of the Yodo-gawa and Kamogawa Rivers, therefore some Japanese legends hold that the Kibune-gawa River is the source of the Kamogawa River.
- 同年8月29日、国民政府主席の蒋介石は陳儀を台湾省行政長官に任命、9月1日には重慶市にて台湾行政長官公署及び台湾警備総部が設置され、陳儀は台湾警備司令を兼任することとなった。
- On August 29 of the same year, Kai Shek CHIANG, the head of the nationalist government, appointed Yi CHEN as governor of Taiwan province, and with the establishment of Taiwan Security Bureau on September 1, Chen served concurrently as Commander of Taiwan Security.
- しかし、幕権強化のために朝廷を利用することは尊王派の怒りを買い、文久2年(1862年)正月、老中安藤は江戸城坂下門外で襲撃され、一命は取り留めたが後に失脚した(坂下門外の変)。
- However, this provoked rage from those who advocated restoring power to the emperor, because the bakufu government still tried to use the emperor to fortify the power of the government, and roju Ando was attacked outside Sakashita-mon Gate, got severely injured, and eventually lost his power (the Sakashitamongai incident).
- また、戦争による民衆の生活苦から血の日曜日事件 (1905年)やポチョムキン=タヴリーチェスキー公 (戦艦)の叛乱等より始まるロシア第一革命が誘発され、ロシア革命の原因となる。
- The popular resentment over the hardships endured by the populace during the war manifest itself in the First Russian Revolution, which began with the Bloody Sunday Incident (1905) and the mutiny on the Knyaz' Potemkin-Tavricheskiy (battleship), setting the stage for the Russian Revolution.
- 『日本書紀』には、倭迹迹日百襲媛命について、三輪山の神との神婚伝説や、前記の箸墓が「日也人作、夜也神作」という説話が記述されており、卑弥呼と同様な神秘的な存在と意識されている。
- Nihonshoki contains a legend of Yamatototohimomoso Hime no Mikoto marrying a deity of Mt. Miwa, as well as a tale that says the Hashihaka was 'built by men during the day, and by gods during the night.' Like Himiko, she was considered a mysterious woman.
- 1873年6月の閣議(いわゆる留守政府)において参議板垣退助が交渉の行きづまりを打開するため陸軍一大隊の朝鮮への派遣を主張、西郷隆盛は使節の派遣と自らその職への任命を主張した。
- In a cabinet meeting (of the so-called rusu seifu - government while heads were away) in June 1873, Taisuke ITAGAKI, Sangi (the Councilor), claimed to dispatch a battalion of Army to Korea to resolve the deadlock in negotiations, and Takamori SAIGO demanded that an envoy be dispathced and he be appointed as the envoy.
- 近江朝廷の大友皇子側は東国と吉備国、筑紫国(九州)に兵力動員を命じる使者を派遣したが、東国の使者は大海人皇子側の部隊に阻まれ吉備と筑紫では現地の総領を動かすことができなかった。
- The Prince Otomo side in the Omi Court dispatched a messenger to Togoku (eastern country), Kibi Province, Tsukushi Province (Kyushu) to gather troops, the messenger of the east country was hampered by the troops of the Prince Oama side and they could not persuade syndics of Kibi and Tsukushi to cooperate with Prince Otomo.
- 貪欲な受領とされることの多い藤原元命だが、当時、花山天皇が即位直後に地方税制の改革など積極的な政策展開を行っており、元命はこの花山新制の方針を遵守したに過ぎないとする見方もある。
- Although FUJIWARA no Motonaga had been often regarded as a greedy Zuryo, some suggest that Motonaga only observed strictly the policy of Kazan shinsei (new laws issued by Emperor Kazan) under the new local tax system Emperor Kazan actively introduced immediately after his enthronement.
- この場合、明治維新から第2次世界大戦までの日本の政治体制は絶対主義であり、明治維新はブルジョワ的市民革命ではなく、不十分な改革であったと評価される、社会経済史理論の一形態である。
- This is a theory of socioeconomic history to say that the political system in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until World War II was to be absolutism and that the Meiji Restoration was not a bourgeois revolution but an unfinished reform.
- そのルーツは明らかでなく、『平泉雑記』が伝える安倍氏自身の家伝によれば、神武天皇に殺された畿内の王長脛彦の兄安日彦をその始祖とし、安日彦の津軽亡命をもって安倍氏の発祥としている。
- The roots of the Abe clan have not been clarified, but according to the family tradition that the Abe clan passed down in the 'Hiraizumi Zakki' (Miscellaneous notes on Hiraizumi), their earliest ancestor was Abihiko, the older brother of Nagasunehiko, the king of the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) who had been killed by Emperor Jinmu, and the Abe clan originated when Abihiko fled to Tsugaru.
- 第1遊撃隊司令官の命により「浪速」艦長の東郷平八郎大佐は「高陞号」に停船を命じて臨検を行うように発砲し、清国兵が停船命令に従わないため、魚雷で「高陞号」を撃沈する(高陞号事件)。
- Under the order from the commander of the first commando unit, Heihachiro TOGO, the commanding officer of 'Naniwa' requested 'Kowshing' to stop for inspection after warning fire, but when Qing soldiers ignored, he torpedoed the steamship (Kowshing Incident).
- 日本二十六聖人(にほんにじゅうろくせいじん)とは慶長元年12月19日 (旧暦)(グレゴリオ暦1597年2月5日)、豊臣秀吉の命令によって長崎市で処刑された26人のカトリック信徒。
- The twenty-six Martyrs of Japan is 26 Catholics executed in Nagasaki City on February 5, 1597 by order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 19日の源氏一族の会合では後白河を奉じて関東に出陣するという案が飛び出し(『玉葉』閏10月20日条)、26日には興福寺の衆徒に頼朝討伐の命が下された(『玉葉』閏10月26日条)。
- At the meeting of the Genji clan on December 12, an idea was put forth that they should depart to the front in the Kanto region, setting Goshirakawa up as the lord ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 13), and on December 19, an order to hunt down and kill MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was given to monk-soldiers of Kofuku-ji Temple ('Gyokuyo,' entry of December 19).
- 伏見版(ふしみばん)とは、江戸時代初頭に、徳川家康の命により、山城国伏見区の伏見学校の一角に建立された円光寺(現在地は、京都市左京区一乗寺)において開版された木活字版のことである。
- Fushimiban are block printed books printed at the Enko-ji Temple (now Ichijoji, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), which was established on a corner of the Fushimi School in Fushimi Ward of Yamashiro Province by order of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA in the early Edo period.
- 公家のうち、上流貴族は荘園寄進を受けて本家として荘園支配を行うことにより、また中流貴族は上流貴族や大寺社から預所などに任命されて荘園管理権を得ることにより、経済的基盤を築いていた。
- Among the kuge, the upper nobles were building up their financial basis by ruling a shoen estate as honke (a head family), gaining the commendation of shoen, and middle-class nobles were doing so by gaining the right to manage shoen, as they were appointed to azukaridokoro (a deputy of 'shoen' manor lord) by upper nobles or main temples and shrines, and so on
- しかし同時にソビエト連邦が誕生したことにより、赤化(共産主義)思想が広まり、共産主義者による革命運動を懸念した政府は治安維持法を制定し、国民の運動に対し規制がかけられる形となった。
- However, the birth of the Soviet Union during the period spurred the spread of communism in Japan and prompted the government fearing revolutionary movement by Communist agitators to pass the Peace Preservation Act and control popular movements.
- 諸藩における年貢米の売り上げ、物品購入代金の管理を任命された両替商、および天領である石見銀山、生野銀山などで産出される上納灰吹銀の量目を掛け改めた役職は掛屋(かけや)とも呼ばれた。
- The name given to money exchangers who were appointed to calculate the revenue from each domain's annual rice tax and to manage money for the purchasing of goods was 'Kakeya'; this name was also used for persons in charge of reapplying the ryome for cupellated silver that had been produced in the Iwami Ginzan and Ikuno Ginzan Silver Mines (which were located in lands owned by the bakufu) and paid to the authorities.
- 勅使に屈した幕府をさらに追い込むべく三条実美・姉小路公知ら尊王攘夷派の過激公卿が、長州藩などの勢力を背景に将軍に上洛を命ずる一方、攘夷の勅命を請願するなど、朝政を壟断しつつあった。
- During this period, radical court nobles who advocated Sonno Joi ha such as Sanemi SANJO and Kintomo ANENOKOJI acted as if they were leaders of the country, using the influence of the Choshu clan to further press a government which had already yielded to the imperial messenger, and ordered the shogun to go to Kyoto, while they petitioned the emperor to grant an imperial order to expel foreigners.
- 兵士と移民を送りこむロシアに対し、日本が劣勢に立たされていることに強い危機感を抱いた政府は、明治3年(1870年)に樺太開拓使を設置し、黒田清隆を開拓使次官にして樺太専務を命じた。
- However, Japanese government felt a strong sense of crisis over Russia which sent more soldiers and immigrants to Sakhalin and pushed Japan into an inferior position, and established the Sakhalin Development Commission in 1870, and the vice chief of the Commission, Kiyotaka KURODA, was assigned to oversee the administrative matters of Sakhalin.
- 通詞によって学ばれ始め、新井白石が『西洋紀聞』で開明的な海外理解を示し、徳川吉宗が漢訳蘭書の輸入禁止を緩和し、青木昆陽、野呂元丈に蘭語学習を命じ、実学を奨励したのちに盛んになった。
- At first, interpreters began to study Rangaku, and Hakuseki ARAI demonstrated the enlightened understanding of overseas circumstances in his book 'Seiyo kibun' (Western Accounts), and then, Yoshimune TOKUGAWA relaxed the import ban on Chinese translations of Dutch documents, and told Konmei AOKI and Genjo NORO to study Dutch and promoted practical learning, which eventually allowed Rangaku to thrive.
- 慶応4年(1868年)4月、江戸幕府の解体により成立した明治新政府は、政体書において地方制度では大名領を藩とし、大名を知事に任命して諸大名統治のかたちを残す府藩県三部制を確立する。
- The new Meiji government was set up after the demise of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in April 1868, established a Fu-han-ken sanbusei (fu-han-ken tripartite governance system) under the Constitution of 1868 in which daimyo domains were made into han (domains) in the local system and daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) were assigned as governors, leaving the form of territorial lords being in control.
- 先月23日より伊奈忠政・福島忠勝・毛利秀就・角倉素庵に命じて建設していた淀川の流れを尼崎市に流す長柄橋がこの日竣工し、大和川がある為干上がる事はなかったが川の深さは膝下まで下がる。
- On the same day Nagara Bridge, which Ieyasu orderd Tadamasa INA/, Tadakatsu FUKUSHIMA/Hidenari MORI/Soan SUMIKURA to build in order to switch the flow of Yodo River to Amagasaki City, was completed: although Yodo River did not dry up because of Yamato River, it went down below knee deep.
- もっとも、第1次山本内閣の後を受けて大命降下した清浦奎吾は、海軍拡張(八八艦隊の建造費用)について海軍と合意できず、海軍大臣候補が得られなかったため、組閣を断念している(鰻香内閣)。
- For Keigo KIYOURA, however, who was given an imperial command after taking over the first Yamamoto Cabinet, it proved impossible to gain consensus in regards to the Navy expansion (construction costs for fleet 88) and to obtain the Navy's ministerial candidates; therefore, he gave up on forming a Cabinet (Manko Cabinet).
- クビライは予め「風濤の険阻を以って辞となすなかれ」と日本側への国書の手交を厳命していたが、その「風濤の険阻」を理由に使者の両名は渡海もせず引き返してきたことに憤慨してこれを却下した。
- Kublai had ordered them strictly to deliver the imperial letter to Japan and 'not to give up for a reason attributable to bad weather,' and thus, when both envoys returned without crossing the sea due to the reason of 'bad weather,' he got upset and did not accept it.
- 幕府の命令を天皇が勅許の形で追認するという形式が取られている(「大法」という言葉には幕府・朝廷両方から出された重要法令の意味もあるとされている)という点でも特異な法令であると言える。
- The law can be said to be unique due to the fact that it was ratified in the form of an imperial sanction by the Emperor that was ordered by the bakufu (The word 'taiho' is also said to imply the meaning, 'a significant law enacted by both the bakufu and the Imperial Court').
- 1576年の第一次木津川口の戦いで毛利水軍・村上水軍の使用する焙烙火矢の前に大敗したため、織田信長が九鬼嘉隆に命じ、大筒・大鉄砲を装備し、焙烙が効かない鉄甲船6隻を伊勢国で建造させた。
- Since Nobunaga ODA suffered a major defeat in the first battle of Kizugawaguchi due to the horokuhiya (cooking-pot fire arrows) used by the Mori navy and the Murakami navy, he ordered Yoshitaka KUKI to build six bombproof armored warships equipped with ozutsu (a kind of cannon) and odeppo (Japanese hand culverin) in Ise Province.
- しかし、延暦17年(798年)の太政官符によれば、令制国が地元特産物を朝廷に納めるために買い上げを行う(交易雑物)時には、和市の価(今日で言う市場価格)で購入するように命じられている。
- But the Daijokanpu issued in 798 (official docments issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) ordered ryoseikoku (province) to buy at Washi price (present-day market price) when purchasing local specialties (trading miscellaneous things) to deliver to the Court.
- この時、住友家総理人広瀬宰平と大阪本店支配人伊庭貞剛は、友親の妻・登久に14代目吉左衛門を襲名させる一方、友忠の妹・満寿の婿養子として清華家の徳大寺隆麿を迎え、住友家の命脈をつないだ。
- At that time the sorinin of the Sumitomo Family, Saihei HIROSE, and the manager of the Osaka main office, Teigo IBA, decided that Tomochika's wife Toku would succeed to the name of the fourteenth-generation Kichizaemon on one hand and that Takamaro TOKUDAIJI, from the Seiga Family, would be adopted as son-in-law to marry Tomotada's younger sister Masu, whereby the bloodline of the Sumitomo Family could be successfully maintained.
- このような状況の中で、1911年(宣統3年 干支 辛亥)に清の四川省で発生した鉄道国有化の反対運動をきっかけとして、先述の中国革命同盟会が独立を宣言して中華民国を建国した(辛亥革命)。
- It was under such conditions that an uprising broke out in 1911 ('Xinhai Year' in the sexagenary cycle of the Chinese calendar) in Szechwan Province, opposing railway nationalization by the imperial government, and led to the declaration of independence and establishment of the Republic of China by the aforementioned Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Xinhai Revolution).
- 時行軍を駆逐した尊氏は後醍醐天皇の帰京命令を拒否してそのまま鎌倉に居を据え、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に独自に恩賞を与えたり、関東にあった新田氏の領地を勝手に没収するなど新政から離反する。
- Takauji, after destroying Tokiyuki's army, violated Emperor Godaigo's order to return to the capital and installed himself in Kamakura instead; having become alienated from the new government, he showed his disaffection by bestowing unique rewards on the officers and men who had fought with him to put down the rebellion, and by willfully seizing the territory of the Nitta clan in the Kanto (eastern Japan).
- 立命館大学『学園通信校友版』「百二十年の歴史を訪ねて」によると、同省は滝川を弾圧すると末川が反対に乗り出すことを予想し、むしろ弾圧の本命を末川としていたとする説もあることを紹介している。
- According to the Ritsumeikan University's 'Gakuen Tsushin Koyu edition, Revisiting the 120 years of History,' the ministry assumed that accusing Takigawa would put Suekawa in the opposition and that there is a theory that Suekawa was the real target of oppression.
- 江戸幕府は戦国時代_(日本)の戦乱で衰退した朝廷に対しては、禁中並公家諸法度などで統制する一方、朝廷自体の衰亡は征夷大将軍があくまでも朝廷に任命されている以上、望ましい状況ではなかった。
- Although the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) controlled the Imperial Court, which had been weakened in the domestic wars, by means of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto, a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles, a weak Imperial Court was not in the interests of the bakufu because it was the Imperial court which appointed the seii taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians).
- 文明_(日本)15年(1483年)頃には備前国西部に確固とした力を築いていたためか、守護の赤松氏から警戒され、赤松政則の追討の命を受けた浦上則宗の一族の浦上則国に攻め込まれることとなる。
- Because of the Matsuda clan's having built the unchallenged power in the western Bizen Province in around 1483, the Akamatsu clan, the Shugo, was wary of them, and Norikuni URAGAMI, a family member of Norimune URAGAMI, who was ordered to hunt down and kill them by Masanori AKAMATSU, attacked them.
- その子貞義は元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇方の勢力討滅の命を帯びて上洛途上の足利尊氏が三河国に逗留した際、貞義は「天皇について鎌倉幕府打倒のために立ち上がるべきである」と強硬に進言。
- In 1333, Sadayoshi, child of Mitsuuji strongly proposed Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was sojourning in Mikawa Province on the way the Kyoto, on the mission destroying the power of the Emperor Godaigo's side, 'be the side of the Emperor, and stand up for defeating the Kamakura bakufu.'
- また、『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したという(埴輪の起源説話であるが考古学的には否定されている)記載がある。
- According to Suininki in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested to bury the people and horses made of earth instead of burying people who sacrifice their own lives to follow the Empress in the imperial mausoleum of Hibasuhime no mikoto (it is a narrative about the origin of haniwa [a clay figure]; however, it is not admitted archaeologically).
- 1914年(大正3年)4月、第1次山本内閣総辞職、清浦奎吾流産を受け、窮した元老は再び大隈重信を首班指名して大命を降下させ、特に昭和戦後に非常に悪名高くなった第2次大隈内閣を成立させた。
- In April, 1914, due to the mass resignation of the first Yamamoto cabinet and the abortive attempt to form the Keigo KIYOURA government, the Genro (elder statesmen) had no alternative but to nominate Shigenobu OKUMA as the shuhan again and order him to be imperial commander letting down the imperial command and made him establish the second OKUMA Government, which resulted in infamous one especially after the Showa War.
- 当時、国衙領からの租税収取を確保するために、国内が古代的な郡・郷から中世的な郡・郷・保という単位に再編成されていたが、これを管轄する郡司・郷司・保司に任命されたのも、主に在庁官人であった。
- At that time in Japan, to ensure the tax collection from the kokuga region, ancient units such as gun and go were reorganized into medieval units such as gun, go, and ho, and zaichokanjin were mainly appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi who supervised these units.
- この真理谷氏は武田信満の次男・武田信長が古河公方であった足利成氏の家臣となって、その命令を受けて上総に攻め込み、同地で関東管領である上杉氏の所領を横領するなどして戦国大名化した一族である。
- Nobunaga TAKEDA (the second son of Nobumitsu TAKEDA), who had became a vassal of the Koga-kubo, Shigeuji ASHIKAGA, invaded Kazusa Province as ordered by Shigeuji, and embezzled the territory of the Kanto Kanrei Uesugi clan in the province, based on which event the Mariya clan emerged and became a warlord.
- 日本と清国との間で帰属がはっきりしなかった琉球だったが、この事件の処理を通じて日本に有利に働き、明治政府は翌1875年琉球にたいし清との冊封・朝貢関係の廃止と明治年号の使用などを命令した。
- The attribution issue of Ryukyu between Japan and Qing, which had remained unsolved, worked out in the favor of Japan in the peace process and in the following year, 1875, the Meiji Government ordered Ryukyu to sever relations with Qing based on sakuho (Chinese vassal system) and choko (tributary system) as well as to adopt Meiji as an era name.
- 第三回遣隋使は608年(推古天皇16年)に、唐の皇帝あての国書を持たせ、また、小野妹子を大使に、難波吉士雄成を小使に、鞍作福利を通事(つうじ)に任命し、裴世清一行と留学生8人を渡航させた。
- In the third Kenzuishi (608), ONO no Imoko, chief of the envoy, NANIWANOKISHI Onari, deputy chief, and KURATSUKURI no fukuri, translator, were sent to Tang China with a party of HAI Seisei (an envoy of Sui Dynasty to Japan) and other eight students with another Johyobun (official letter) to the Tang's Emperor.
- 8世紀初めには、慶雲4年(707年)、和銅元年(708年)、養老元年(717年)と、百日以内に出頭すれば亡命山沢の罪を赦すという詔が出たが、それは大赦の一部で唐の詔を引き写したものである。
- In the early 8th century, edicts were issued in 707, 708 and 717 stipulating that an offense of a mountain valley exile would be condoned if the offender handed oneself in within 100 days, but they were part of amnesty and a copy of edicts in Tang Dynasty China.
- これに替わって平安時代中期以後に不輸の権 (日本)などを獲得した寄進地系荘園を経営基盤として現地に預所を派遣するとともに、現地の有力者や農民を荘官・名主に任命して国衙からの支配に対抗した。
- Replacing the systems, after the mid Heian period, the government dispatched azukari dokoro (estate custodian) to the local estates based on shoen that consisted of donated lands that had been granted Fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) or the like as a business foundation, and also appointed the local magnate or influential farmer to shokan (estate officer) or myoshu (local landowner and cultivator) to oppose the rule of kokuga (provincial government office).
- 奈良時代末期から平安時代初期に皇親・貴族が所有して家牒・家符・家印などを用いた命令文書で家司などに命じて経営させた初期荘園を「○○家領」「××家田」などと呼称したのが最初と考えられている。
- It was considered that the first example of keryo was of the early shoen which were owned by koshin (the Imperial family) or court nobles who ordered Ie no tsukasa (house stewards) and the like via order documents using a kacho (tag), kafu (code), and iejirushi (house mark showing ownership by the family) to operate the holding from the end of the Nara period to the early Heian period; they were called 'XX keryo' (XX family's holding) or 'XX kaden' (XX family's paddy field).
- これを知った幕府、3代将軍・徳川家光は、1627年、事前に勅許の相談がなかったことを法度違反とみなして多くの勅許状の無効を宣言し、京都所司代・板倉重宗に法度違反の紫衣を取り上げるよう命じた。
- In 1627, when the bakufu, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun learned of this, and since there was no consultation in advance he therefore considered this a violation of the law and annulled many of the Imperial decrees and ordered Shigemune ITAKURA of the Kyoto Shoshidai to confiscate any illegal Shies.
- 逆賊となった長州藩に長州征討が発令され、総大将に徳川慶勝(尾張藩主)、参謀に西郷隆盛(薩摩藩士)が任命されるが、幕臣・勝海舟との会談で長州藩への実力行使の不利を悟った西郷は、開戦回避を模索。
- An order to conquer the rebellious Choshu forces was issued, and Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the lord of Owari) was appointed as commander-in-chief, and Takamori SAIGO (a feudal retainer of Satsuma), as military staff, but Saigo tried to avoid the military conflict, understanding the disadvantages of the conflict after discussions with Kaishu KATSU, who served for the bakufu.
- また、天皇が案件を提起する場合は、天皇から中務省へ命じて詔書が作成され、中務省が起案した詔書の文案は、外記局で点検を受けて天皇または弁官へ回付されており、外記局も重要な部署と認識されていた。
- When the emperor proposed a motion, he ordered the Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) to draw up an imperial edict, the draft of which was then checked by the gekikyoku's office and sent to the emperor or the office of benkan and therefore the gekikyoku's office was also considered an important office.
- 服部武雄は隊内でも相当な二刀流の使い手として鳴らしていたため、服部の孤軍奮闘は鬼気迫るものがあったというが、最後は服部の刀が折れたスキを狙って原田左之助が繰り出した槍によって、落命したという。
- Takeo HATTORI was famous as being skillful in using two swords at once, and his bloodcurdling presence of fighting alone overwhelmed the men he fought against; however, he was killed by Sanosuke HARADA's spear when his sword broke.
- しかし、11世紀に荘園公領制が成立すると、多くの武士は荘司、郡司、郷司、保司に任命され、荘園、または公領の郡、郷、保を確固たる所領とするようになっていき、田堵負名を自らの支配下に置いていった。
- Once the shoen-koryo system was established in the 11th century, however, many samurai were appointed shoji (also known as shokan), gunji, goji, or hoji, and they began to own some manors or the Imperial demesnes such as gun, go, and ho as their settled territories and to have tato and fumyo under their control.
- 「船員は救命ボートに移るように説明したが、日本人乗客は船内に籠もって出ようとしなかった(ノルマントン号は貨物船なので、日本語が話せる乗客向けのスタッフはいない)ので、やむなくそのままにした。」
- `Although the crew told the Japanese passengers to board the lifeboats, they stayed inboard and refused to leave the ship, which left the crew no choice but to give up on them (There were no attendants who could speak Japanese because the Normanton was a cargo ship.)'
- その語構成からも窺えるように、「サモラフ」の原義は相手の様子をじっと窺うという意味であったが、奈良時代には既に貴人の傍らに控えて様子を窺いつつその命令が下るのを待つという意味でも使用されていた。
- As its roots suggest, the word 'samorafu' originally conveyed the meaning of carefully watching an opponent's actions; in fact, it was already used in the Nara period to communicate the idea of waiting close by to a nobleman on the lookout while awaiting instructions.
- 4月10日から4月13日にかけて官軍による鳥巣の再攻略が始まり、薩軍もこれに対して勇ましく応戦したが、いよいよ武器がつきてしまったうえに、鳥巣撤退命令が下されため、この地をあとに大津に向かった。
- From April 10 to 13, the government army started invading Torisu again; although the Satsuma army bravely fought back, it finally left there to Otsu since it run out of arms and was commanded to retreat from Torisu.
- 豊臣家に対し融和策をとる徳川家も戦の準備は怠らず、攻城兵器として国友鍛冶に大鉄砲・大筒の製作を命じ、他にも石火矢の鋳造、イギリスやオランダに対し青銅砲・焔硝・鉛(砲弾の材料)の注文を行っている。
- The Tokugawa family that chose a policy of reconciliation toward Toyotomi clan, but at the same time did not hesitate to prepare for war, ordered Kunitomo kaji (smithy in Kunitomo) to produce either odeppo (Japanese artilleries)/ozutsu (Japanese artilleries) as weapons for attacking a castle, and to cast ishibiya (Japanese artilleries) and ordered bronze artilleries/gunpowder/lead (materials of cannonballs) from England and Holland.
- また、日本の後高倉法皇のように帝位には即かなかったものの、没後若しくは存命中に子が皇帝となり王朝を開いたが故に、太上皇の称号を贈られた例として、秦の始皇帝の父・荘襄王、漢の劉邦の父・劉太公がいる。
- Also, examples of taijoko who did not ascend to the throne himself but was granted the title posthumously or in life because his child became an emperor and founded a dynasty, as in the case of the Japanese Cloistered Emperor Gotakakura, are the King Zhangxiang, who was the father of the first Qin Emperor, and Liu Taigong, who was the father of Liu Bang of Han.
- その後、1937年(昭和12年)に宇垣一成(予備役陸軍大将)に対して天皇から首相候補に指名されて組閣命令が下った際、陸軍から陸軍大臣の候補者が得られずに組閣を断念せざるを得ない状態へ追い込まれた。
- Afterwards, when Kazushige UGAKI (Yobieki Army General) was named by the Emperor to be a candidate for Prime Minister, he could not obtain a candidate for the Minister of War from within the Army and driven into a situation in which he had to give up forming the Cabinet in 1937.
- 上記史料を総合すると、本宣旨は、東国における荘園・公領の領有権を旧来の荘園領主・国衙へ回復させることを命じる。その回復を実現するため源頼朝の東国行政権を承認するという2つの内容から構成されている。
- Putting the above historical records together, the contents of this decree can be summarized as; the order that required lords of the manor and kokuga (provincial government officers) to restore the territorial rights for shoen and koryo, and the approval of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's administrative authority on the Togoku region in order to make the above restoration come true.
- 同32年に皇后の日葉酢媛命(ひばすひめのみこと)が薨去した際、天皇は野見宿禰の進言に従って人・馬などの土物(はにもの)を墓に立てて代替とすることを命じ、以後これが慣例になったという(埴輪の起源譚)。
- When his empress Hibasuhime no mikoto passed away in 3 A.D., by the advise of Nomi no Sukune, the Emperor ordered Haniwa (a clay figure artifact) of people, horses, and so on to be placed in the grave as the substitute for junshi, and since then, it this became the usual practice (the origin of Haniwa).
- 本願寺は依然として雑賀衆などの支援を集めつつ強勢を保ったが、次第に敵中に孤立していき、1580年、ついに正親町天皇の勅命を引き出した信長に屈して石山本願寺を退去し、領主権力としての本願寺は消滅した。
- Hongan-ji Temple retained its predominance by gaining support from Saikashu, but gradually it was isolated in the midst of enemies, ultimately succumbing to Nobunaga, who withdrew imperial command from the Emperor Ogimachi and left Ishiyama Honganji Temple in 1580, whereby Hongan-ji Temple as seigniory was extinguished.
- 初代・中納言・穂波経尚以降、江戸時代の石高は、蔵米30石であったが、11代・穂波経度は、戊辰戦争の時、錦旗奉行・大総督府参謀を拝命、明治2年(1869年)、その勲功により賞典禄100石を下賜された。
- After the first generation of the family, Chunagon, Tsunehisa HONAMI, the hereditary stipend during the Edo period was thirty koku in warehouse rice; however, as the eleventh generation Tsunenori HONAMI was appointed 'Commissioner for Flags' and 'Army General Staff of the Supreme Command' during the Boshin War (1868-1869), Tsunenori was granted an Imperial gift of 100 koku as a special privilege in 1869 in recognition of his services.
- その弟らも義世の与党として流刑となったため、吉見氏嫡流の命脈は絶え、宗家の家督と武蔵国の所領は二代吉見義春の弟で能登国の住人となっていた吉見頼宗の子、即ち義春の甥である吉見頼隆の系統に引き継がれた。
- Yoshiyo's brothers were all exiled on charge of a privy to Yoshiyo's plot, and the lineage of the direct descendant of the Yoshimi clan came to an end; the family headship and territories of Musashi Province were handed down to the family line of the Noto Province resident Yoritaka YOSHIMI who was a son of Yoshimune YOSHIMI, a brother of the second family head Yoshiharu YOSHIMI (therefore a nephew of Yoshiharu).
- 明治維新は欧米列強に抑圧されたアジア諸国にとって近代化革命の模範ともなったが、やがて日本自身が列強側の国家として、帝国主義的な領土・権益獲得の立場となったことから、かえって反発を呼ぶことにもなった。
- The Meiji Restoration in Japan was a model for the modern revolution of the various Asian countries which were suppressed by powerful western countries, but Japan also received resistance from them because Japan itself became a powerful imperialistic country trying to obtain lands and interests.
- 実際に弘安4年から翌年にかけて九州の諸社及び伊勢神宮に対して「神領興行」と呼ばれる一種の徳政令が発布されて、幕府の安堵状が出されている御家人領も含めた全ての旧神領を神社へ返還するよう命じられている。
- In fact, from 1281 to the following year, a kind of Tokuseirei (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts) called 'Shinryo Kyogo' was issued for various shrines in Kyushu and Ise-jingu Shrine, ordering all land formerly owned by shrines, including the land granted to bakufu's vassals by its official letter, to be returned to the shrines.
- 明治39年(1906年)に、10代藩主徳川慶篤の孫にあたる徳川圀順が完成させるまで、実に250年の歳月を要した(ただし、本紀・列伝は光圀存命中にはほぼ完成しており、幕末以後、何度か刊行されている)。
- TOKUGAWA Kuniyuki, the grandson of the tenth family head, TOKUGAWA Yoshiatsu, completed it in 1906 and its completion took 250 years (Honki and retsuden were almost completed while Mitsukuni was alive and they published it several times since the end of the Edo period.).
- なお、長慶天皇が弘和3年(永徳3年/1383年)10月に摂津国のある村に出した朝用分免除の綸旨があるが、翌年元中元年(至徳_(日本)元年/1384年)閏9月の同趣旨の命令が院宣の形式で出されている。
- Emperor Chokei issued a Rinji (the Emperor's command) for an exemption of Choyobun for a village in Settsu Province in November of 1383, and in October of 1384 he issued an order of the same effect in the form of an Inzen (a decree from the Retired Emperor).
- 財団法人大学コンソーシアム京都(ざいだんほうじんだいがくこんそーしあむきょうと)とは、日本の京都府京都市周辺に所在する立命館大学、龍谷大学、同志社大学などを中心とした大学 によって構成された財団法人。
- The Consortium of Universities in Kyoto is a foundation consisting of universities in and around Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, including Ritsumeikan University, Ryukoku University, and Doshisha University.
- 1864年6月10日 (旧暦)(1864年7月13日)に、幕府の命により池田屋事件の残党の捕縛を命じられた新選組が、同日に東山区の料亭・明保野(あけぼの、曙とも)に長州系浪士が潜伏するとの情報を得た。
- On July 13, 1864, Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate) received an order from the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to arrest the remnants of those at the Ikedaya Incident, and on the same day, Shinsengumi received information that masterless samurai of Choshu clan were hidden in the restaurant Akebono (which was written 明保野 or 曙) in Higashiyama Ward.
- 貞享3年(1686年)には縫に限り銀250目までの販売を許したが、元禄2年(1689年)には銀250目以上の衣服を一切売ってはならない事、絹地に蝋などを塗って光沢を帯びさせる事を禁じる事が命じられた。
- Although only nui worth up to 250 kan of silver was permitted in 1686, all cloth worth 250 kan of silver or more was banned to sell in 1689 and adding luster to silk by waxing was also prohibited.
- さらに、出雲大神宮や継体天皇元年に初めて神殿が建立された元愛宕神社 (京都市)や立命館大学創立者の中川小十郎の子息である有名な彫刻家流政之氏のくぐりほていがある養仙寺もあるなど歴史的に古い地域である。
- Moreover, the area is a historical site with the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine, the Moto-Atago-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City) whose first shrine was established in 507, and the Yosen-ji Temple, which possesses the sculpture 'Kuguri Hotei' created by the famous sculptor Masayuki NAGARE, a son of Kojuro NAKAGAWA who founded Ritsumeikan University.
- また、京都扶持衆として直接将軍と結び付き、1438年の永享の乱では幕府より鎌倉公方の討伐命令をくだされているなど、南北朝時代に南朝方であった伊達氏は幕府との接近によって、その地位と勢力を高めていった。
- After becoming a direct retainer of shogun as Kyoto fuchishu, the Date clan enhanced its social status and power by establishing a closer relationship with bakufu, as exemplified in the order from bakufu in the Eikyo War of 1438 to subjugate the Kamakura kubo which the Date clan had supported in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- そして、5月2日に西郷の命を受けた谷干城・赤松則良が率いる主力軍が、江戸幕府から引き継いだ小さな軍艦2隻で長崎を出航すると政府もこれを追認、5月6日に台湾南部に上陸すると台湾先住民と小競り合いを行う。
- Then, on May 2, when the main unit led by Tateki TANI and Noriyoshi AKAMATSU left Nagasaki by order of Saigo in two small warships which were got from the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the government officially approved it and on May 6, when they went ashore in southern Taiwan, they skirmished with the Taiwanese aborigines.
- 1913年7月、文部省の任命で就任して2ヵ月になったばかりの澤柳政太郎京都帝国大学総長は、教学の刷新を標榜して7教授(医科大学1名、理工科大学5名、文科大学1名)に辞表を提出させ8月に免官を発令した。
- In July 1913, the president of Kyoto Imperial University Masataro SAWAYANAGI, who was appointed by the Ministry of Education two months before, ordered seven professors (one for the medical school, five for the science and engineering school, and one for the literature school) to submit resignation letters because they called for the education reform, and dismissed them in August.
- とても嫉妬深く、仁徳天皇30年(342年)、彼女が熊野に遊びに出た隙に夫が八田皇女(磐之媛命崩御後、仁徳天皇の皇后)を宮中に入れたことに激怒し、山城の筒城宮(現在の京都府京田辺市)に移り、同地で没した。
- Iwanohimenomikoto became jealous easily, and in 342, when she went to play in Kumano and her husband invited Yata no himemiko (Emperor Nintoku's empress after Iwanohimenomikoto died) into the Court, she became very angry and moved to Tsutsukinomiya in Yamashiro (present day Kytotanabe City, Kyoto Prefecture), and died at this spot.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- そのため、旧勢力は東国武士たちの本音を読みとることができずに目先にある平氏打倒という目的のため、寿永二年十月宣旨の発給や源義仲の征夷大将軍への任命などといった、武士への大幅な権限委譲への道を開いてしまう。
- Therefore the old regime could not understand the Eastern bushi's real agenda and lacked foresight when it issued the Imperial Order of October 1183 and named MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka as Seii taishogun with the aim of destroying the Taira clan because it opened up the road to greater rights for the warrior class.
- 正徳_(日本)3年(1713年)には先の「女中衣類直段之定」の制限(朝廷500目・幕府及び大名400目・それ以下300目)の再確認と贅沢な品物の生産と新商品・技術の開発の厳禁が生産・染色業者に命じられる。
- In 1713, the regulations in the above-mentioned 'Jochu Irui Nedan no Jo' (500 kan of silver for the Imperial Court, 400 kan of silver for the bakufu and daimyo [Japanese feudal lord] and 300 kan of silver for those of lower rank) were reaffirmed, while textile manufacturers and dyers were banned from the production of luxurious items and development of new products and technology.
- 「これらの催しごと(家康の饗応)の準備について、信長はある密室において明智と語っていたが元来、逆上しやすく、自らの命令に対して反対を言われることに堪えられない性格であったので」光秀を折檻し饗応役を解いた。
- With respect to preparation for those events (entertainment for Ieyasu), Nobunaga was talking with Mitsuhide behind closed doors, but because Nobunaga tended to go wild with rage by nature and could not accept that someone oppose to his order, he chastised Mitsuhide and dismissed Mitsuhide from the position of marshal.
- 一方、西国では承平 (日本)年間(930年代)に瀬戸内海で海賊行為が頻発し(「承平南海賊」)、936年(承平6)、追捕南海道使に任命された紀淑人とその配下の藤原純友らによる説得が功を奏し、海賊が投降した。
- On the other hand, piracy occurred frequently in the Seto Inland Sea in the Johei era (in Japan) (in the 980s) ('Joheinankaizoku' [literally, pirates in the southern area in the Johei era]), and in 936, KI no Yoshito, who was appointed Tsuibu Nankai Doshi (the officer to capture criminals in the southern area), and FUJIWARA no Sumitomo, his subordinate, succeeded in convincing the pirates to submit themselves to surrender.
- その後も、大宝元年(701年)に民部尚書と遣唐執節使に任じられた粟田真人に文武天皇が授けた例や、延暦20年(801年)に蝦夷討伐を命じられた征夷大将軍の坂上田村麻呂に桓武天皇が授けた例などがよく知られる。
- Also, there are well-known examples that the Emperor Monmu granted the sword to AWATA no Mahito who was appointed to Minbu Shosho and Shitsusetsushi (an envoy to China) in 701 and the Emperor Kammu granted the sword to Seii Taishogun SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro who was assigned to conquer Ezo (Northerners) in 801.
- また、明治5年太政官布告149号・通称実名併称禁止により毛利家においては諱を名乗ることとなり、同年太政官布告235号・改称禁止令により、出生時の命名が基本となり、元服時に新たに名を付けることは禁止された。
- Also, according to the Dajokan Fukoku (Decrees of the Cabinet) No. 149 that banned the use of the real name and the common name together, the Mori family abolished the use of the common names; also, according to No. 235 of the same decrees that banned the change of names, the clan used the name of birth for life and abolished the custom of renaming at the genpuku.
- なお、大命降下された宇垣から入閣交渉を受けた小磯国昭(当時朝鮮軍 (日本軍)司令官)は「引き受けたとしても、東京に来る途中で「予備役編入」の電報が陸軍上層部から届いて、それで終わりですよ」と答えたという。
- Also, it is said that Kuniaki KOISO (commander of Korean Army (Japanese Army) at that time) who was given an offer to join the Cabinet by Ugaki who held an imperial command, answered, 'Even if I accept it, I will probably receive a telegram addressed 'Yobieki Transfer' from the upper stratum of the Army, and that's it.'
- 私領といってもその地の課税が免除される訳ではないが、国衙は旧来の郡とは別の、新しい徴税単位として、特別な命令書により税を軽減し、開発領主の私領領有を認め、同時に開発領主がその地の納税義務を負うことになる。
- Even though it is called a private estate, it did not mean that one was exempt from tax, but Kokuga were treated differently from former districts as a separate tax unit, lowered tax under a special order, permitted cultivating land owners to have their own private estates, and the kaihatsu-ryoshu gained the responsibility to collect other taxes simultaneously.
- 受領の任期は通常4年であったが、院らは持ち回りによって毎年のように別個の令制国の受領を任じた(4ヶ国の知行国があれば、毎年別の国の受領を推挙・任命することになる)ために「年分受領」とも呼ばれるようになった。
- Although the term of a zuryo was usually four years, recipients took turns appointing zuryo to different provinces every year (if a zuryo controlled four provinces, the recipients could recommend and appoint a zuryo in a different province every year) causing zuryo to be called 'nenbun zuryo.'
- 従来は中央政府に発兵権があったが、国毎に警察・軍事指揮官として押領使(おうりょうし)を任命し、中央からの「追討官符」を受けた受領の命令で押領使が国内の武士を動員して反乱を鎮圧する体制に移行したとする説がある。
- Formerly, the central government possessed the right of mobilizing military personnel, but according to a theory, the system concerned was changed to the following one: An Oryoshi, a police and military command, was appointed to each province, and when instructed by Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) who received an official document instructing the suppression of a rebellion, the Oryoshi mobilized samurai in the province to suppress the rebellion.
- 王朝国家体制では四位、五位どまりの受領に任命されるクラスの実務官人である下級貴族を諸大夫(しょだいぶ)と、上級貴族や諸大夫に仕える六位どまりの技能官人や家人を侍(さむらい)と呼び、彼らが行政実務を担っていた。
- In the system of the dynasty state, lower-ranking nobles who were officials for practical works appointed to the zuryo and who were promoted up to shii (Fourth Rank) or goi (Fifth Rank) were called shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) and the technical officers and kenin (retainers) who were promoted up to rokui (Sixth Rank) and served upper-ranking nobles or shodaibu were called samurai (warrior) and they were in charge of administrative affairs.
- 後醍醐天皇は元亨2年(1322年)以後、壷役の直轄化と通常課税化を図り、建武新政の開始を機に五条頼元を造酒正に任命して押小路家の権限を取り上げようとしたが、政権の崩壊とともに失敗に終わり、押小路家が復権した。
- From 1322 and onward, Emperor Godaigo executed direct control over tsubo-yaku and had the tax imposed regularly; taking opportunity of the commencement of Kenmu Restoration, the emperor appointed Yorimoto GOJO as miki no kami and tried to deprive the Oshikoji family of the title, but failed to do so due to the collapse of the administration, and the Oshikoji family restored the right.
- これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監(もくげん)が設置され(ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置)、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
- It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
- 一説によると、徳川家康は、華厳経の「入法界品」の善財童子が文殊菩薩の命により53人の師を経て普賢菩薩の所で悟りを開いたと言う一節から、江戸(穢土)から京(普賢菩薩の住まう所)への宿駅を五十三にしたと言われる。
- According to one theory, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA set the number of stations from Edo (Kanji characters with the same sound, 穢土, meaning unclean land) to Kyo (which means the land where Fugen Bosatsu (普賢菩薩) lives), based on a chapter from Kegon-kyo Sutra, in which Zenzai-doshi (善財童子) of 'Nyuhokkaibon (入法界品),' following the orders of Monju Bosatsu, achieved enlightenment at the place of Fugen Bosatsu, through 53 teachers.
- また文久の改革では島津久光および朝廷の公武合体派公卿らの主導で出された勅命を受け松平慶永(越前松平家)、徳川慶喜(一橋徳川家)が、将軍の命令(台命・たいめい)を受け松平容保(会津松平家)が幕政に参加している。
- And during the Bunkyu Reform, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA (the Echizen Matsudaira family) and Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA (the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family) participated in the shogunate government by an Imperial order released under the leadership of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU and the court nobles in the Imperial Court who supported the idea of uniting the court and the shogunate, as did Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the Aizu-Matsudaira family) by an order from Shogun (taimei).
- 1-35番までの70句は四季の年中行事を、36-43番左までの17句は内裏殿舎にちなんだ「恋」の句、43番右-50番までの13句は宣命・行幸・牛車など宮中に関する事物を扱った「雑」の句という構成になっている。
- Seventy waka poems from Number one to Number thirty-five were those of seasonal events, seventeen waka poems from Number thirty-six to the left of Number forty-three were those of 'love' that related to the palace building, and thirteen waka poems from the right of Number fourty-three to Number fifty were those of 'zatsu,' which used various things related to the Imperial Court such as senmyo (Imperial edict), gyoko (Imperial visit) and gissha (ox-drawn carriage) as subject matter.
- また、新任の大臣の上表としては、治安 (日本)元年(1021年)に右大臣に就任することとなった藤原実資が就任前に6月16日・22日・26日に上表を行っているが返却され、7月25日に任命されている(『小右記』)。
- As for Johyo presented by a newly appointed minister, before the appointment, when FUJIWARA no Sanesuke was to be the new Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 1021, he handed Johyo on June 16, 22 and 26 and all were returned; then he was appointed to the position on July 25 ('Shoyuki' [the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke]).
- 室町時代の『康富記』(嘉吉4年正月6日条)に勅命によって“補任”“歴名”と呼ばれる記録の校訂を行った記述が見られ、『親長卿記』(文明7年2月1日条)にも外記に代わって「補歴」の改訂を行ったとする記述が見られる。
- It is recorded that a revision of the record called 'Bunin' (directory of the succession) or 'Ryakumyo' (record list) by an Imperial order was conducted in 'Yasutomi ki' (Diaries of NAKAHARA Yasutomi – entry for February 3, 1444) and other descriptions of revision of 'Bureki' (directory or record list) was also conducted on behalf of Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), in 'Chikanaga kyo ki' (diary of Chikanaga KANROJI – entry for March 17, 1475).
- 元来は、オスマン帝国が恩恵的にフランス、オランダ、イギリスに対して与えていたカピチュレーションの制度において、治外法権その他を認めていたものだが、産業革命以後は西欧経済圏への従属を企図したものに変質していった。
- Originally, an unequal treaty was to approve extraterritoriality and other conditions in the capitulation system which was beneficially given to France, the Netherland and the United Kingdom by the Ottoman Empire, but such treaties gradually transformed into ones aiming for subordination to the Western European economic zone after the Industrial Revolution.
- その凄惨さに、立ち会っていたフランス軍艦長プティ・トゥアール(Petit Thouars)は、(フランス人の被害者数と同じ)11人が切腹したところで外国局判事五代才助に中止を要請し、結果として9人が助命された。
- Petit Thouars, the chief of French warship, saw this dreadful sight and requested Saisuke GODAI, a judge of foreign affairs, to stop the execution after the eleventh Tosa retainers was executed (the same figures as French casualties), resulting in saving nine retainers' lives.
- この詔には、天平3年(731年)に解由制の徹底を通達したにも関わらず、後任の到着前に前任国司が帰京したり、後任が解由状を発給しないために前任が次の官職に任命されない、といった状況が発生していたことが記されている。
- This mikotonori included the description of the following situations: Although instructed to follow the geyu system thoroughly in 731, a former kokushi (provincial governor) at a province returned to Kyoto before his successor arrived at the province, and the former officer could not be appointed to the new position because his successor did not issue a geyujo.
- 1443年(世宗 (朝鮮王)25年)朝鮮通信使書状官として日本に赴いた後、成宗の命を受けて作成したもので、日本の天皇家や国王(各時代の権力者)、地名、国情、交聘往来の沿革、使臣館待遇接待の節目などを記録している。
- After being dispatched to Japan as the recorder of travel logs for the Joseon envoy, Shin wrote the book in 1443 under the order of King Seongjong and it records details including those of Japan's Imperial Family, lords (influential people throughout the ages), place names, the state of national affairs, the movements of the diplomatic mission, and rules of the reception met by the envoy, and so on.
- 若狭武田氏は安芸武田氏4代武田信繁 (室町時代)の長男である武田信栄が、室町幕府6代将軍足利義教の命を受けて1440年(永享12年)に若狭守護職・一色義貫を誅殺した功績により若狭守護職を任命されたことによって始まる。
- The history of the Wakasa-Takeda clan dates back to the time when Nobuhide TAKEDA, the eldest son of the fourth head of the Aki-Takeda clan Nobushige TAKEDA (Muromachi period), was appointed to shugo of Wakasa Province after he killed in 1440 the shugo of Wakasa Province Yoshitsura ISSHIKI at the behest of the sixth shogun of Muromachi bakufu Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- このことにより、朝鮮半島の人口は、併合前の1906年には1600万人程度だったものが1940年には2,400万人程となり、平均寿命も併合時(1910年)24歳だったものが、1942年には45歳まで伸びることとなった。
- This made the population of the Korean Peninsula, which had been 16 million in 1906 before the annexation, become to 24 million in 1940, and the average life expectancy, which had been 24 years at the time of the annexation (in 1919), increase up to 45 years in 1942.
- 成人男性の識字率も幕末には70%を超え、同時期のロンドン(20%)、パリ(10%未満)を遥かに凌ぎ、ロシア人革命家メーチニコフや、トロイア遺跡を発見したドイツ人のハインリッヒ・シュリーマンらが、驚きを以って書いている。
- The literacy rate of adult males living in Edo exceeded seventy per cent by the end of Edo Period, far higher than those of London (20%) and Paris (below 10%), which a Russian revolutionist, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, and German archaeologist, Heinrich Julius Schliemann who discovered Trojan Ruins, reported with astonishment.
- それに加えて、18世紀後半の産業革命によって欧米諸国は急速に近代化しており、それぞれの政治経済的事情から大航海時代の単なる「冒険」ではなく、自らの産業のために資源と市場を求めて世界各地に植民地獲得のための進出を始めた。
- In addition to the above, western countries modernized rapidly through industrial revolution in the latter half of the 18th century, and for their own political and economic reasons, started debouching into various places around the world to acquire their own colonies for the purpose of seeking resources and markets for their own industries, rather than for the simple purpose of 'adventure' during the Age of Geographical Discovery.
- 朝廷は新たな公議政体を創設するため、徳川家一門の徳川慶勝と松平慶永、薩摩藩の島津久光、土佐藩の山内豊信、宇和島藩の伊達宗城、広島藩(安芸)の浅野長訓、肥前藩の鍋島直正、岡山藩の池田茂政(慶喜の実弟)ら諸藩に上洛を命じた。
- In order to create a new parliamentary regime, the Imperial Court ordered Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA and Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA, members of the Tokugawa clan, Hisamitsu SHIMAZU of the Satsuma Domain, Toyoshige YAMAUCHI of the Tosa Domain, Munenari DATE of the Uwajima Domain, Nagamichi ASANO of the Hiroshima (Aki) Domain, Naomasa NABESHIMA of the Hizen Domain and Shigemasa IKEDA of the Okayama Domain (Yoshinobu's own brother) to come to Kyoto.
- 賄賂の横行や罷免された荻原重秀の独断専行を目の当たりにしていた新井は先に荻原が廃止した勘定吟味役を正徳2年(1712年)に再度設置し、杉岡能連、萩原美雅(ともにのち勘定奉行)を任命し、勘定所自体の綱紀の引き締めを図った。
- Since Arai witnessed widespread bribery and arbitrary decision and execution by Shigehide OGIWARA who was dismissed, Arai revived Kanjoginmiyaku in 1712 that was abolished by Ogiwara earlier and assigned Yoshitsura SUGIOKA and Yoshimasa OGIWARA (both of them became kanjo bugyo [commissioner of finance] later) and strived for tightening up the official discipline in the finance ministry.
- それ以降は土地のほとんどが荘園として利用されたため主だった中心地はなかったが、戦国時代 (日本)になると丹波平定の命を受けた明智光秀が塩見信房を倒し、その居城であった横山城を大修築し近世型の福智山城(後の福知山城)とした。
- A central place was not established because most lands were used as manors thereafter, but in the Sengoku period (period of Warring States), Mitsuhide AKECHI who was ordered to territorialize Tanba defeated Nobufusa SHIOMI, and established the modern-style Fukuchiyama-jo Castle (福智山城, later written as 福知山城) after repairing the Yokoyama-jo Castle which was the castle where Shiomi dwelled.
- 同乗していたポルトガル人(「牟良叔舎」、「喜利志多佗孟太」)が火縄銃を所持しており、鉄砲の実演を行い種子島島主である種子島恵時・種子島時尭親子がそのうち2挺を購入して研究を重ね、刀鍛冶の八板金兵衛に命じて複製を研究させる。
- Two Portuguese onboard (probably Francisco Zeimot and Antonio da Motta) had matchlock guns and gave a demonstration for Masatoki TANEGASHIMA and his son Tokitaka TANEGASHIMA, who purchased two of them and ordered Kinbei YAITA, a swordsmith, to investigate and replicate them.
- このため、領主側は、地頭に管理させる一円内の年貢を毎年一定額と定め、地頭がその納入を荘園領主や国司に対して請け負う代わりに地頭を荘官に任命する地頭請が、主に地頭自身が開発領主であることが多かった東国を中心として行われ始めた。
- As a measure to counter such situations, the Jito-uke system, under which the lord of shoen decided a fixed amount of nengu for shoen under jito's management and appointed jito to shokan (manager of shoen) in return for their obligation to pay nengu to the lords of shoen or kokushi (provincial governor), came into use in the eastern part of Japan where jito themselves were often kaihatsu-ryoshu (the local lord who actually developed the land).
- 具体的には、単に兵動員を許可する「発兵勅符」に代わって群盗を積極的に鎮圧しようとする「追捕官符」を発出するとともに、国単位で押領使・追捕使を任命して、国内の武勇者を国衙・押領使・追捕使の指揮下に入ることを義務づけたのである。
- More specifically, the Imperial Court not only issued 'a charter to catch thieves' to aggressively suppress robbers instead of 'a charter to send troops' to simply permit troop mobilization, but also appointed oryoshi (suppressors) and tsuibushi (envoys to pursue and capture) for each province and required brave local individuals to be under control of kokuga, oryoshi, or tsuibushi.
- 決定的とは認知されていない説だが、『魏略』には現在の半年を当時の日本が一年として数えていたという『倍年説』を基に歴史を再計算しその結果、神武天皇の即位は西暦181年であり、寿命は127歳の半分の63歳であったと主張している。
- It is not recognized as conclusive, but he recalculated years of the history according to 'Double Year Theory' which says in 'Weilue (Brief Account of the Wei Dynasty)', a half year of the present was counted as a year at that time in Japan, and as a result, he asserts that Emperor Jinmu was enthroned in 181 and his life duration was 63 years, half of 127 years.
- 日本において、キリスト教が実質的に禁じられるのは徳川家康の命による1614年(慶長19年)のキリスト教禁止令以降のことになるが、家康の禁教令も言い回しなど基本的な部分においてこの秀吉のバテレン追放令にならうものとなっている。
- Christianity was practically prohibited in Japan after the Ban on Christianity was issued in 1614 ordered by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and his prohibition edict also basically followed this Edict expelling the missionaries by Hideyoshi in the wording.
- 毎年1月11日_(旧暦)(応永年間後期以後)、管領以下を召集して開催され、まず奉行人より任命された右筆が祝詞を述べ、管領や評定衆が将軍に対して太刀を献上し、将軍側からも太刀を下賜するなど鎌倉期に比べて形式的な要素が強くなった。
- On January 11 (old calendar) (since the late Oei era) every year, hyojohajime was conducted through the convening of kanrei (shogunal deputies) and their subordinates with more ritual formalities than in the Kamakura period: yuhitsu (an amanuensis) appointed by bugyonin gave a speech of auspiciousness; kanrei and hyojoshu offered a sword to the Shogun, and the Shogun also granted them swords.
- 古代の大和国高市郡遊部(あそべ)郷・久米(くめ)郷・雲梯(うなて)郷、十市郡神戸(かむと)郷の地であり、久米御県神社・畝火山口坐神社・川俣神社・高市御県神社・天太玉命神社・宗我坐宗我都比古神社など数多くの延喜式内社が鎮座する。
- Asobe-go, Kume-go, Unate-go, Takaichi County, Yamato Province, and Kamuto-go, Toichi County used to be there in antiquity, and there are many Engishikinaisha (shrines listed in Engishiki laws) such as Kume no miagata-jinja Shrine, Unebi yamaguchi ni imasu-jinja Shrine, Kawamata-jinja Shrine, Takechi no miagata-jinja Shrine, Ame no futotamanomikoto-jinja Shrine, Sogani imasu sogatsuhiko-jinja Shrine.
- 御誓文は明治天皇の勅命によって、3月13日 (旧暦)に天皇の書道指南役であった有栖川宮幟仁親王の手で正本が揮毫され、翌3月14日 (旧暦)、京都御所の正殿である京都御所紫宸殿で行われた天神地祇御誓祭という儀式によって示された。
- The original of Charter Oath was written by Arisugawanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito who gave the Emperor instructions in calligraphy on royal command of the Emperor Meiji on March 13 (old lunar calendar) and shown in the ceremony, Tenjinchigigoseisai (the gods of heaven and earth festival for oath) held at the main building, Kyoto Imperial Palace Shishinden hall on March 14 (old lunar calendar).
- 翌5日に大野治長の使者が来て豊臣家の移封は辞したいと申し出ると、常高院を通じて「其の儀に於いては是非なき仕合せ」(そういうことならどうしようもない)と答え、4月6日 (旧暦)および7日に諸大名に鳥羽・伏見に集結するよう命じた。
- On 5th, the next day when Harunaga ONO' messenger came and reported that they would like to decline the changing of the territory; Ieyasu, answering through Joko-in that if so, nothing could be done about it, ordered daimyo to gather in Toba/Fushimi on April 6 and 7th (the old calendar).
- さらに11世紀に荘園公領制が成立すると、対等な権利主体となった荘園と公領(国衙領)の間に武力紛争が多発し、荘園の現地管理者である荘官、公領の現地管理者である惣司、郡司、郷司、保司には武芸の家の者たる武士が任命されるようになった。
- Furthermore, after the shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates) was established in the 11th century, many armed conflicts arose between the owners of shoen (private estates) and the administrators of koryo (public land, also known as kokugaryo, meaning territory governed by a provincial government office), both of whom now had equal rights; accordingly, Soji (local government officials under the ritsuryo system), Gunji (local magistrates), Goji (local government officials under the ritsuryo system), and Hoji (officers who managed koryo), all of whom were regional administrators of koryo, and Shokan (officers who managed shoen) were all appointed from samurai families.
- 民主と自由の思想による民族自決が世界の潮流となり、1918年1月にアメリカ合衆国大統領ウッドロウ・ウィルソンが提唱する民族自決の原則と、ウラジーミル・レーニンの提唱した植民地革命論は世界の植民地に大きな影響を与えるようになった。
- Self-determination based upon democracy and freedom became a mainstream of the world, and the principle of self-determination advocated by Woodrow Wilson and the colonial revolutionism by Vladimir Lenin had a great influence on colonies in the world.
- 九州や中国地方の戦国大名から、やがて天下統一事業を推進していた尾張国の織田信長が1575年(天正3年)に武田氏との長篠の戦いをはじめとする戦で、鉄砲を有効活用したとされ、鉄砲が戦争における主力兵器として活用される軍事革命が起こる。
- The use of guns spread from the Kyushu and Chugoku regions to the eastern part of Japan, and Nobunaga ODA of Owari Province, who was promoting the unification of Japan, strategically used guns in battles including the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, opening the new era of military technology in which firearms became the main weapon in battle.
- 尊氏の庶子で直義の猶子となり、4月に長門探題に任命されて備後国に滞在していた足利直冬は、京都での事件を知ると、養父直義に味方するために上洛しようとするが、師直は赤松則村(円心)らに命じて直冬の上洛を阻止し、尊氏に直冬追討を要請する。
- Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, who was Takauji's bastard son and Tadayoshi's foster son, who was staying in Bingo Province after being named the Nagato tandai (Shogunal deputies in Nagato) in April, heard about the events in Kyoto and tried to go to Kyoto to help his foster father Tadayoshi, but Moronao commanded Norimura AKAMATSU (Enshin) to stop Tadafuyu's movement toward Kyoto and asked Takauji to attack Tadafuyu.
- 一定の成功を収めた例としては、パラグアイのカルロス・アントニオ・ロペス大統領による改革、タイ王国のチャクリー改革、トルコのケマル・アタテュルクによるアタテュルク主義、エジプトのエジプト革命、メキシコのベニート・フアレスが挙げられる。
- The examples of successful reforms are as follows: the Reform of Carlos Antonio López in Paraguay; the Reform of Chakri Dynasty in Kingdom of Thailand; the Reform of Kemal Ataturk in Turkey; the Egypt Revolution of 1919; and the Reform of Benito Juárez in Mexico.
- 加えて本能寺の変直後、光秀が紀州雑賀衆・土橋重治へ送った書状に「上意馳走申しつけられて示し給い、快然に候」と、光秀より身分の高い者からの命令を指す「上意」という言葉を使っていることを挙げ、光秀の背後に足利義昭が存在したと主張している。
- In addition, Mitsuhide sent a letter to Shigeharu TSUCHIBASHI, who was a member of the Saigashu (a powerful local clan in Saiga, Kishu), saying, 'A joi (order from a superior to a subordinate) has been issued requesting that you provide service, which is a great honor', and Fujita pointed out that as the word 'joi' was used, the order must be from someone with a higher status than Mitsuhide.
- 西南戦争が最終局面に入った9月19日、西郷軍では一部の将士の相談のもと、山野田・河野主一郎が西郷の救命のためであることを西郷・桐野に隠し、挙兵の意を説くためと称して、軍使となって西郷の縁戚でもある参軍川村純義海軍中将のもとに出向いた。
- On September 19 when the Seinan War entered in the final phase, after having consulted some high-level samurai and officers in Saigo's forces, YAMANODA and Shuichiro KONO visited Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy Sumiyoshi KAWAMURA, a relative of Saigo, as military messengers on the pretext of making an explanation of why they took up arms, concealing the real intention of pleading for SAIGO's life from SAIGO and KIRINO.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には天皇や摂関などが身分が低い者に対して命令を下すための奉書を発給する際にこれを承った弁官などが自己の青侍に命じて奉書を発給させた青侍奉書が存在したことが知られている(『親長卿記』・『宣胤卿記』・『実隆公記』など)。
- It was known that, in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), when the Emperor or Sekkan (regents and advisers) was to issue hosho paper (edict paper) to make a command regarding low ranked people, the benkan (Council of State) who received the order commanded his own Aozamurai to issue the hosho paper, which was called Aozamurai hosho (according to the diaries 'Chikanaga Kyo ki' [The Diary of Chikanaga KANROJI], 'Nobutane Kyo ki [The Diary of Nobutane NAKANOMIKADO] and 'Sanetaka ko ki' [The Diary of Sanetaka SANJONISHI]).
- 近代以前のヨーロッパの法律や近代法体系において、名誉の侵害に対する正当防衛は認められない、あるいは法益均衡の観点から生命の侵害をもって報いることは認められないと解されるのが通説(ただし、近代以前には決闘による名誉回復はあり得た)である。
- According to the commonly accepted theory, under laws that predate the modern age in Europe and modern legislation, justifiable defense or violation of the sanctity of life in order to protect one's honor was not accepted from the viewpoint of legal equilibrium. (Before the modern age, however, it was possible to redeem one's honor by dueling.)
- 始めは政経が高清を近江から追放し、出雲、隠岐、飛騨の守護職を得るが、政経はその後の六角氏との戦いに敗れ、さらには徴税の命令に従わなかった出雲、隠岐の守護代である尼子経久を追放するも、逆に出雲の拠点である月山富田城を奪い返されたと伝わる。
- At the beginning, Masatsune expelled Takakiyo from Omi Province thereby gaining the position of Shugo (military governor) of Izumo, Oki and Hida Provinces, but Masatsune lost the battle against the Rokkaku clan after that, and moreover although he expelled deputy Shugo of Izumo and Oki Tsunehisa AMAKO who did not obey the order of tax collection and he was deprived, in return, of Gassan Tomita-jo Castle that was a foothold in Izumo.
- こうした事から以後も估価法は継続され、延喜14年(914年)には全国一律であった地方国衙の估価(絹1疋=稲50束、綿1屯=稲5束)を国例に合わせて変更する事を許し、天暦元年(947年)には畿内と丹波国に実情に合わせた引き下げを命じている。
- As a result, Kokaho continued after that, and in 914 the law permitted changing the koka in local kokuga that had been uniform throughout the country (1 roll of silk = 50 bunches of rice plant, 1 roll of cotton = 5 bunches of rice plant), and in 947 it ordered Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and Tanba Province to reduce koka to suit the actual conditions.
- また、『政事要略』巻30に採録された『宇多天皇御記』仁和4年6月2日条には天皇が以前「卿従前代猶摂政焉、至朕身親如父子、宜摂政耳」と基経に伝えたことに対して基経が「謹奉命旨必能奉」と解答しているのに裏切られたと憤慨する記述が残されている。
- According to the description of June 2, 886 in 'Uda Tenno Gyoki' compiled in volume 30 of 'Seiji Yoryaku,' the Emperor was disappointed and got angry with Mototsune because when the Emperor asked Mototsune by saying 'you have served as acting Sessho so far, but please assume the position of Sessho since we are like father and son,' Mototsune replied by saying 'I was told your order.'
- 綱吉は小倉の勅命違反の事実を重視して小倉実起と嫡男の小倉公連、その弟の竹淵季件を佐渡国へと流刑を命じ、藪家や中園家といった小倉家の同族に対しても逼塞を命じた(なお、この処分が決定する直前に天和への改元が以前からの予定通りに実施されている)。
- Taking Ogura's failure to obey the imperial command seriously, Tsunayoshi ordered to banish Saneoki OGURA, his legitimate son Kintsura OGURA and Kintsura's younger brother Kiken TAKEBUCHI to Sado Province, and relatives of Ogura including the Yabu and Nakazono families under house arrest (incidentally, immediately before these punishments, the imperial era name had been changed to Tenwa as scheduled beforehand).
- ヤマト王権から明治維新までかろうじて命脈を保った姓(カバネ)は、藤原氏永敏(大村益次郎)・藤原朝臣利通(大久保利通)・菅原氏重信(大隈重信)・源氏有朋(山縣有朋)などに代表される朝臣、「越智氏博文」(伊藤博文)などに代表される宿禰である。
- The only kabane that remained from the Yamato sovereignty till the Meiji Restoration were ason and sukune; Nagatoshi from Fujiwara clan (Masujiro OMURA), FUJIWARA no Ason Toshimichi (Toshimichi OKUBO), Shigenobu from Sugawara clan (Shigenobu OKUMA) and Aritomo from Minamoto clan (Aritomo YAMAGATA) being the examples of ason, and 'Hirobumi from Ochi clan' (Hirobumi ITO) being the example of sukune.
- 1334年正月に定められた「建武」の年号は、中国の後漢王朝の25年に劉秀(光武帝)が王莽を滅ぼし漢王朝を復興した際に定めた元号であり、先例に反し、辛酉革命説により「武」の一字が不吉であると断固反対した公家衆の反対を押し切って定めたものであった。
- The 'Kenmu' era name, established in the first month of 1334, was the era name chosen in China in the twenty-fifth year of the later Han dynasty, when Liu Xiu (Emperor Guangwu) destroyed Wang Mang and restored the Han dynasty to power; he went against precedent, and despite the fact that it was the fifty-eighth year of the sixty-year cycle and it was taboo to use the character 'mu' (samurai) in that year, he overcame the resolute opposition of the nobility and selected 'Kenmu' as the era name anyway.
- 正妻の築山殿、嫡男の松平信康の誅殺命令にあるように、織田と徳川は後世に美化されたような「同盟」という 対等の関係でなく、徳川は織田にとって、使い捨ての駒に過ぎず、 東方平定のためには、早々に完全に弱体化させるか滅ぼされるべき存在に過ぎなかった。
- As seen in the case of the order to kill Tsukiyama-dono, who was Ieyasu's legitimate wife, and Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, who was Ieyasu's first son, Oda and Tokugawa were not in a relationship of equality like 'allied countries' as often been idealized later, and, for Oda, Tokugawa was a mere throwaway player and, in order to pacify the eastern countries, it should be completely weakened or overthrown as soon as possible.
- 学芸自由同盟も翌年には活動停止状態となったが、前記の中井、久野などこの運動に参加した学生のなかから『土曜日 (雑誌)』『学生評論』『世界文化』など反ファシズムを標榜する雑誌メディアが生まれ、自由主義的文化運動は「非常時」下でなおも命脈を保った。
- The Gakugei Jiyu Domei also ceased its activities the next year but students such as the aforementioned Nakai and Kuno who participated in this movement started magazines supporting anti-fascism such as 'Doyobi' (Saturaday), 'Gakusei Hyoron' (Student Editorials), 'Sekai Bunka' (World Culture), and even under 'emergency situation (war period),' the liberal cultural movement continued.
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- 更にその五摂家の当主ですら幕府が摂政・関白の任命権を事実上掌握している以上、幕府の意向に反する事は出来なかったために、その結果、幕府→摂家・武家伝奏(最大でも5+4名)→天皇及び諸公家という幕府にとっては非常に効率の良い朝廷統制の仕組みが完成した。
- Moreover, as long as the bakufu virtually controlled the right of appointment of regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, even the family head of the Gosekke could not oppose the intention of the bakufu, and the system for controlling the Imperial Court, which was the orderly sequence from the bakufu through the sekke/samurai families (five plus four people at most) to the Emperor and each court noble, was thereby established as an extremely efficient system for the bakufu.
- この乱により、足利尊氏・直義に分割されていた将軍の権力は尊氏のもとに一本化され、将軍の親裁権は強化されるが、高師直によって吉野を陥落させられ滅亡寸前にまで追い込まれた南朝に、直義・尊氏が交互に降るなど息を吹き返し延命したため、南北朝の動乱が長引いた。
- Because of this disturbance, the authority of the shogun that was divided between Takauji and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA was unified under Takauji and the power of the shogun was strengthened but the Southern Court that was forced to the brink of elimination when KO no Moronao attacked Yoshino, was prolonged when Tadayoshi and Takauji surrendered in turn, and led to the prolongation of the upheaval of the period of Northern and Southern Courts.
- 平氏一門のうち宗盛、清宗、それに平家と行動をともにしていた平時忠(二位ノ尼の弟)、平時実、平信基、藤原尹明といった廷臣、能円、全真、良弘、忠快、行命といった僧侶、平盛国、平盛澄、源季貞らの武将、大納言典侍、帥典侍、治部卿局らの女房が捕虜となっている。
- Of the Taira clan those taken prisoner included Munemori and Kiyomune; the courtiers TAIRA no Tokitada (Tokiko's younger brother), TAIRA no Tokizane, TAIRA no Nobumoto, and FUJIWARA no Tadaaki, who had acted in support of the main Taira clan; the Buddhist priests Noen, Zenshin, Ryoko, Chukai, and Gyomei; the military commanders TAIRA no Morikuni, TAIRA no Morizumi, and MINAMOTO no Suesada; and among the women, FUJIWARA no Sukeko (known as the Lady-in-Waiting to the Chief Councillor of State (Dainagon)), FUJIWARA no Muneko (the Lady-in-Waiting to the governor), and the Lady-in-Waiting to the Lord of the Office of Governance.
- 磐坂皇子(いわさかのみこ)・磐坂市辺押羽皇子・天万国万押磐尊(あめよろずくによろずおしはのみこと、以上『日本書紀』)・市辺之忍歯王・市辺忍歯別王(いちのへのおしはわけのみこ、以上『古事記』)・市辺天皇命(いちのへのすめらみこと、『播磨国風土記』)とも。
- Prince Ichinobe no Oshiha was also know as: Iwasaka no Miko, Iwasaka no Ichinobe no Oshiha Oji, and Ameyorozukuni Yorozuoshiha no Mikoto (all of above were written in 'Nihonshoki'); and Ichinohe no Oshiha O and Ichinohe no Oshihawake no Miko (all of above were written In the 'Kojiki'); Ichinohe no Sumera Mikoto was written in the 'Harimanokuni Fudoki' (records of the culture and geography of the Harima Province).
- その後有馬豊氏は更に大坂の役においてもその功績を認められ、久留米藩へと国替を命ぜられこの地を去り替わって小堀政一や遠国奉行伏見奉行などによって統治されるようになるが、以降この地を統治していた領主は国替えや改易によってたびたび交代がなされるようになった。
- Subsequently, after Toyouji ARIMA whose achievement in the Siege of Osaka was also recognized, he was ordered to move to the Kurume clan left Fukuchiyama, and in stead, the local magistrate, Masakazu KOBORI, and the Fushimi City magistrate, ruled the area; however, thereafter, Fukuchiyama went through a constant change of rulers due to transfer or forfeiture under the penal rules.
- そして一色義道の時代には、織田信長の命令を受けた細川幽斎軍の侵攻に遭って義道は1579年に殺され、その後を義道の子の一色義定や、弟の一色義清も継いで細川軍と懸命に戦ったが、最終的には1582年に両者も殺されて、丹後における一色氏は完全に滅亡してしまった。
- In the generation of Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, Yoshimichi was killed in 1579 as a result of the invasion of an army led by Yusai HOSOKAWA, as ordered by Nobunaga ODA, and thereafter Yoshimichi's son Yoshisada ISSHIKI and Yoshimichi's younger brother, Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI tried hard to fight against the Hosokawa army; however, they were killed in 1582, and this resulted in the complete downfall of the Isshiki clan in Tango.
- -「館の者共」(国司の私的従者+在庁官人)と異なり、「国の兵共」は、「譜第図」「胡簗注文」などの台帳に記載され、国司主催の狩りや、一宮での流鏑馬など、必要に応じて招集される程度のものであり、自分自身の直接的利害に関わらなければ命を懸けて戦ったりはしない。
- It differed from '館の者共' (private servant of the governor and Zaichokanjin) in the way that '兵共 (soldiers) of the province' were registered in things such as 'Fudaizu' and 'Yanagui chumon' (list of warriors), participated in hunting hosted by the governor, yabusame (horseback archery) at Ichinomiya (shrine with the highest ranking in the area), summoned with need, and did not fight to death if their interests were not directly involved.
- 朝鮮における壬午事変・甲申政変や清の戊戌の変法の失敗、長続きしなかったイランのイラン立憲革命やロシア帝国のセルゲイ・ヴィッテ改革、ピョートル・ストルイピン改革などが典型である(朝鮮の改革運動については金玉均など、清の改革については光緒帝、黄遵憲なども参照)。
- The examples of unsuccessful reforms are as follows: the Imo Incident and the Gapsin Corp in Korea; the Hundred Days' Reform in Qing; the Persian Constitutional Revolution in Iran; and the Reform of Sergei Witte and the Reform of Pyotr Stlypin in Russian empire (Regarding the movement of the reforms in Korea, refer to the article of 'Kim Ok-gyun,' and regarding the reforms in Qing, refer to the articles of 'Guangxu Emperor' and 'Huang Zunxian').
- 江戸中期には、農村生活の疲弊が見られるようになったが、18世紀後期~19世紀前期(寛政期~文化文政期)ごろ、幕府は農村復興を大々的に進め、潅漑用水の整備や荒廃地の開発、そのための資金融資を実施するとともに、有能な者を代官に任命して長期間、同一職務にあたらせた。
- During the middle of the Edo period life in farming villages was exhausting, but during the late eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century (from Kansei era to Bunkabunsei era) the Edo bakufu began to drastically revive the farming villages, maintained irrigation facilities and developed denuded lands as well as made loans for them, appointed competent men as daikan (managing post instead of the landlord) and made him perform the same duties for a long time.
- 天皇や太上天皇・太上法皇(いわゆる治天の君)の意思あるいは公卿の会議「陣定」の結果を統裁・決定した事項は、蔵人から支持の伝達を受けた上卿(陣定の首席大臣)が陣定において発する口頭形式による命令(宣)を通じて、弁官・外記の手によって文書化されて相手に通達される。
- The emperor or the emperor Daijo/Cloistered emperor Daijo (the so called Chiten no kimi)'s intentions, or the results matters of the Court noble's meeting 'Jin no sadame' that had been governed and decided were issued in Jin no sadame by Shokei (the leading minister) receiving the notification of the instructions from Kurodo (imperial archives keeper) issued the command in the oral format, and were documented by benkan (Oversight Department:division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) and gaiki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State) and notified to the targeted people.
- 9月16日_(旧暦)、勅使阿野季信は小倉邸に赴き、直ちに一宮を参内させて天皇に出家の挨拶をするようにという趣旨の勅命を伝えるが小倉実起はこれを拒絶、9月17日_(旧暦)に再度訪れた阿野は一宮を連れ出そうとするも、事の異常さに気付いた一宮に感づかれて失敗に終わった。
- On October 27, imperial messenger Toshinobu ANO visited Ogura's residence, and conveyed the imperial command to the effect that Ichinomiya should immediately visit the Imperial Palace and report his entrance into priesthood to the Emperor, only to be met by an outright refusal by Saneoki OGURA; on his revisit on October 28, Ano tried to take Ichinomiya with him, but his attempt failed as the prince sensed the abnormality of the situation.
- ところが、大正政変の際に大正天皇より公家出身の立憲政友会総裁西園寺公望に対して第3次桂内閣への内閣不信任案を撤回させて政友会を内閣に協力させるように勅命が出されたものの、政友会の代議士達は自分達は日本国民の代表であるとして西園寺に突き返させた(1913年2月9日)。
- In the Taisho Political Crisis, Emperor Taisho issued an imperial command that Kinmochi SAIONJI, president of Rikkenseiyukai (a political party originally organized by Hirobumi ITO) should withdraw a parliamentary motion of non-confidence against the cabinet related to the 3rd Katsura Cabinet and urge Seiyukai to collaborate with the Katsura Cabinet, but the parliamentarians of the Seiyukai made Saionji return the imperial command for the reason that the parliamentarians were the representatives of the Japanese nation (February 9, 1913.)
- 符とは、元来官庁が自己の管轄下にある下位の官庁に出す命令文書を指し、太政官以外の官庁でもこれを出すことが出来たが、太政官は原則として他の全ての官庁に対して符が出せたこと、格式のような重要な法令も太政官符の書式を用いて出されることがあったことから、極めて重みを有した。
- Pu (符, also referred as fu) originally indicated the documents of orders and instructions that government agencies gave to their lower rank agencies, which meant that any agencies, including Daijokan, were able to issue it, but because Daijokan, in principle, was able to issue it to all the other agencies and the important laws like Kyakushiki (supplementary laws of Ritsuryo code) were sometimes issued in the form of Daijokanpu, it was taken very seriously.
- その後、光圀は父徳川頼房の死去により家督を相続し、公務が多忙となったため事業からは遠ざかっていたが、幕府では寛文2年(1662年)に林鵞峰に命じて編年体の史書『本朝通鑑』の編纂を開始しており、光圀は林鵞峰を藩邸に招いて面談し、編纂方針や正統問題について質問している。
- Then, Mitsukuni succeeded to the family after his father, TOKUGAWA Yorifusa, died and became busy with official duties, so that he stayed away from the enterprise, but the government ordered HAYASHI Gaho to compile a chronicle of Japan, 'Honchotsukan' and Mitsukuni asked HAYASHI Gaho about compiling policy and legitimacy, in person.
- 信輔は「近衛家では前官(前職大臣)の関白の例はない」と主張して左大臣を秀吉に譲る前に現職の大臣として関白に就任したい旨を正親町天皇に奏上し、これに対して昭実は「二条家では初めて任命された関白が1年以内に辞めた例はない」と主張して信輔の理不尽な要求を退けるように訴えた。
- Nobusuke insisted that no one in the Konoe family assumed the position of Kanpaku as former minister, and he presented a petition to Emperor Ogimachi, requesting he be appointed to Kanpaku as an incumbent minister before yielding the position of Sadaijin to Hideyoshi; on the other hand, Akizane maintained that no one in the Nijo family resigned from the position of Kanpaku within a year when he assumed the position for the first time, and he made a request to Emperor Ogimachi for rejecting Nobusuke's unreasonable demands.
- (「皇帝問倭皇 使人長吏大禮 蘇因高等至具懷 朕欽承寶命 臨養區宇 思弘德化 覃被含靈 愛育之情 無隔遐邇 知皇介居海表 撫寧民庶 境內安樂 風俗融合 深氣至誠 遠脩朝貢 丹款之美 朕有嘉焉 稍暄 比如常也 故遣鴻臚寺掌客裴世清等 旨宣往意 并送物如別」『日本書紀』)
- 天正の陣(てんしょうのじん)は、1585年(天正13年)に全国統一を目指す羽柴秀吉(豊臣秀吉)の命を受けた中国・毛利氏の小早川隆景率いる軍勢が四国は伊予国新居郡(現在の愛媛県新居浜市)に上陸し、金子城城主 金子氏金子元宅率いる地元勢力を圧倒的な戦力で制圧した戦である。
- The Battle of Tensho (Tensho no Jin) was one in which the army led by Takakage KOBAYAKAWA, of the Mori clan in the Chugoku region, landed at Nii County, Iyo Province (the present-day Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture) in Shikoku in 1585, doing so at the orders of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), who was attempting to integrate the entire nation, and defeated the local troops led by the lord of Kaneko-jo Castle, Motoie KANEKO, of the Kaneko clan, with overwhelming force.
- この時期、諸国の神社領は、地頭、非御家人のみならず、本所による恣意的な神官任命や別相伝(神社領が細分化され本所である摂関家等の縁故者に占有されること)承認により、神官による神社領管理が不安定となっており、このため財源に事欠くことから神社における諸儀式が滞るようになっていた。
- In this period, the management of shrine estates by Shinto priests was destabilized by arbitrary appointment of priests and approval of betsusoden (fragmentation of shrines' estates to be separately possessed by Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor) or other persons having particular relations, who were honsho (nominal landowners)) by not only jito (estate stewards) and higokenin (lower-ranking samurai not under official control of the Bakufu) but also by honsho, and the consequent lack of funds prevented shrines from duly performing various rituals.
- 同国は元々興福寺に守護の権限があり、興福寺の衆徒であった筒井順昭が戦国大名化して大和を平定していたが、順昭が急死すると後継者である筒井順慶が幼い事を幸いに、永禄2年(1559年)久秀は長慶の命令を受けて大和に侵攻し、筒井氏の所領と興福寺が持つ守護の地位を奪い取ったのである。
- Originally, Kofuku-ji Temple had virtual governorship over Yamato Province, and its monk general Junsho TSUTSUI had become a virtual warring lord and ruled Yamato; however, when Junsho died, taking the advantage of the infancy of his heir Junkei TSUTSUI, Hisahide invaded Yamato in 1559 at the instruction of Nagayoshi, and deprived the Tsutsui clan of its estate and the Kofuku-ji Temple of its governorship.
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- 儒教では、放伐を認めるかどうかが難題とされてきたが、徳川幕府は朱子学について孟子的理解に立ち、湯武放伐、易姓革命論を認めていたが、それを認めると天皇を将軍が放伐してよいことになり、山崎闇斎を始祖とする崎門学派が湯武放伐を否定して、体制思想としての朱子学を反体制思想へと転化させた。
- In Confucianism, whether to allow the expulsion of a disqualified monarch had been a difficult problem to deal with, but the Tokugawa Shogunate adopted a position taken from the standpoint of Mencius (a Chinese thinker in the fourth century BC) concerning the teachings of Zhu Xi, and approved of the Tang-Wu revolution (the expulsions of disqualified monarchs by King Tang and King Wu) and the revolution (change of dynasty) decreed by Heaven (when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue).
- 裏づけとする史書の記述として、フロイスの「日本史」が続いて、光秀の京都への反転に際して 「兵士たちはかような(本能寺を攻める)動きがいったい何のためであるか訝り始め おそらく明智は信長の命に基づいて、その義弟である三河の国主(家康)を 殺すつもりであろうと考えた。」という部分がある。
- As descriptions in historical books that support this view, it is well-known that a section of 'Historia de Iapan' by Frois continued as, when Mitsuhide reversed the course to Kyoto, 'Soldiers began to wonder about the purpose of such action (to attack the Honno-ji Temple and thought that Mitsuhide intended to kill the lord of Mikawa Province (Ieyasu), who was a younger brother-in-law of Nobunaga, according to Nobunaga's order, and a section of 'Rojinzatsuwa' by Munetomo EMURA.'
- 弁官は改めて写本を作成し、その内容の実施を命じる太政官符を添付、地方に対しては勅旨をそのまま太政官符化した騰勅符の形式で施行することになっていた(なお、公式令には緊急時などに太政官での手続きを省略して中務省符で出す略式の勅旨の規定も存在するが、現存の記録では実施が確認できていない)。
- Benkan would re-create a manuscript, attach a Daijokanpu (the official document of the Daijokan) that ordered the implementation of the contents, and for local regions, an imperial order would be implemented by dispatching the Daijokanpu on a post-horse (In addition, there is also a regulation in the Kushiki-ryo for an informal imperial order given with a Nakatsukasashopu [the official document of Ministry of Central Affairs] by omitting the procedures at the Dajokan in an emergency).
- 『日本書紀』の667年には、唐の百済鎮将劉仁願が、熊津都督府(唐が百済を占領後に置いた5都督府のひとつ)の役人に命じて、日本側の捕虜を筑紫都督府に送ってきたという記載がある(「十一月丁巳朔乙丑 百濟鎭將劉仁願遣熊津都督府熊山縣令上柱國司馬法聰等 送大山下境部連石積等於筑紫都督府」)。
- It is written in 'The Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) that in 667, Ryujingan, who was the Tang general stationed in Kudara, ordered the Ungjin governor-general capital (one of the 5 governor-general offices created by the Tang Dynasty in Kudara after the occupation) to send the Japanese hostages to the Chikushi governor-general capital.
- 天正大判(てんしょうおおばん)とは安土桃山時代から江戸時代の初期に掛けて、主に豊臣家が金細工師後藤家に鋳造を命じた大判であり、天正16年(1588年)が初鋳とされ、天正菱大判(てんしょうひしおおばん)、天正長大判(てんしょうながおおばん)および大仏大判(だいぶつおおばん)が知られる。
- The Tensho oban is a type of oban (large monetary gold plate in the shape of a flat oval) that had been struck by the Goto family, time-honored craftsmen of gold, mainly by order of the Toyotomi family since the Azuchi Momoyama period until the early Edo period; it is considered to have been minted first in 1588, and the well-known 'Tensho hishi oban', 'Tensho naga oban' and 'Daibutsu oban' are categorized under it.
- この御家人制は平安時代以降の土地制度である荘園公領制に立脚した守護地頭制に由来し、御家人に対して先祖伝来の所領の地頭に任命する本領安堵、また武功に対して新たに地頭に人目し所領を与える新恩給与による御恩を受ける代わりに鎌倉殿の課す軍役や京都大番役、鎌倉番役を課す奉公によって成立している。
- The lower-ranking vassal system originated from the Shugo and Jito system based on shoen koryo sei (system of public lands and private estates) which was the land system after the Heian period, and it consisted of honryo-ando (acknowledgment for inherited estate) where gokenin were appointed to Jito of the territory inherited from the ancestor and military service imposed by Kamakura-dono or the service of Kyoto obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) and Kamakura Banyaku (guards of Kamakura), instead of giving a favor by shinon-kyuyo (granting new domains) where Jito was newly given a territory for their deed of valor.
- 関東地方から東北地方にかけて支配を行き渡らせるため、10月には側近の北畠親房、親房の子で鎮守府将軍・陸奥守に任命された北畠顕家が義良親王(後村上天皇)を奉じて陸奥国へ派遣されて陸奥将軍府が成立し、12月には尊氏の弟の足利直義が後醍醐皇子の成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ派遣され、鎌倉将軍府が成立。
- In order to spread Imperial control throughout the area from the Kanto to the Tohoku regions, in the tenth month the Emperor made Akiie KITABATAKE, the son of his close associate Chikafusa KITABATAKE, the Chinjufu shogun and Protector of Mutsu Province; Chikafusa and Akiie obeyed the will of Imperial Prince Yoshinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) and were dispatched to Mutsu Province, thereby establishing the office of shogun (general) of Mutsu, and in the twelfth month Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, obeyed the Imperial order of Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Narinaga and was dispatched to Kamakura, where the office of shogun of Kamakura was established.
- 准母は堀河天皇が践祚に際して、既に生母である中宮藤原賢子が崩御していたため、寛治元年(1087年)に皇姉てい子内親王が母に擬せられたのが初例となり、爾来、天皇の生母が死去した後に幼年で即位した場合や、生母が存命だが身分が低すぎるか既に女院となっている場合などに、准母を定めるようになった。
- It became the first example of junbo that in 1087, in the succession of Emperor Horikawa to the throne, his elder sister, Imperial Princess Teishi was equated with his mother because his real mother, Chugu (Empress) FUJIWARA no Kenshi was already deceased, after that, junbo was named in the case that an infant emperor succeeded to the throne after his real mother passed away, or the case that although his real mother was alive, her social status was too low or she was already a nyoin (a woman bestowed with the title 'in' [title given to retired emperor]).
- それでも明応7年(1498年)頃より京都の住民に対する地子銭徴収が次第に増加していったこと、永正5年(1508年)以後の酒屋役徴収の強化命令が幕府から出されている事から、この時期に京都の人口回復が軌道に乗り出したと考えられ、明応9年の祇園祭の前後数年間が京都の本格的な復興期と考えられている。
- Yet, considering that the sum of jishi sen (miscellaneous taxes imposed on fields and houses under the manorial system) collected from Kyoto residents from around 1498 and the issuance of a Bakufu order for a more strict collection of sakaya yaku (taxes imposed on sake breweries by the Muromachi Bakufu) in 1508, the population of Kyoto presumably began to increase steadily again; the few years before and after the Gion Festival in 1500 are regarded as the phase of the real recovery of the city.
- しかしその実は、当時世界最高水準の複式簿記考案(中井源左衛門・日野商人)(小倉栄一郎『江州中井家帳合の法』)や、契約ホテルのはしりとも言える「大当番仲間」制度の創設(日野商人)、現在のチェーン店の考えに近い出店・枝店を積極的に開設するなど、徹底した合理化による流通革命だったと評価されている。
- In reality, however, they are now considered the pioneers who brought revolutionary changes to the distribution business by strictly pursuing the concept of streamlining, as seen in the examples of the invention of the double-entry system in bookkeeping by a merchant from Hino, Genzaemon NAKAI, which was at the highest level in the word at that time (according to Eiichi OGURA 'Goshu Nakai-ke chogo no ho' (bookkeeping method of the Nakai family in Omi Province)); the establishment of the system of 'Otoban nakama' by the merchants from Hino, which can said to be an early concept of the contracted hotel; and the expansion of the business by proactively opening branches, which is a similar concept to today's chain stores.
- 吉野の山中にて南朝を開き、京都朝廷(北朝 (日本))と吉野朝廷(南朝)が並立する南北朝時代に後醍醐天皇は、尊良親王や恒良親王らを新田義貞に命じて北陸へ向かわせたほか、懐良親王を征西将軍に任じて九州へ、宗良親王を東国へ、義良親王を陸奥国へと、各地に自分の皇子を送って北朝方に対抗させようとした。
- In the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts, in which the Kyoto Court (Northern Court [Japan]) and Yoshino Court (Southern Court) both stood, the Emperor Godaigo, who set up the Southern Court in the middle of Mt. Yoshino, not only ordered Yoshisada NITTA to dispatch the Imperial Prince Kanenaga and the Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi to Hokuriku region and appointed the Imperial Prince Korenaga Seisei shogun to dispatch him to Kyushu region, but also dispatched other imperial princes of his own to various places such as the Imperial Prince Muneyoshi to the eastern Japan, and the Imperial Prince Norinaga to Mutsu Province, in order to oppose the Northern Court.
- そして2年後、秀頼は右大臣に昇ったものの、この年に家康は将軍職も2年後に息子徳川秀忠に譲って将軍職の世襲の意思を表し、同じ年に九条兼孝に代わって一連の問題の発端となった近衛信尹(信輔改め、慶長6年(1601年)左大臣還任)が相論発生以来21年目にして関白に任命されて五摂家による持ち回りが復活した。
- Two years later, Hideyori was elevated to the position of Udaijin, and yet, Ieyasu yielded the position of Shogun to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, showing his determination to pass down the position by hereditary succession; in the same year, in place of Kanetaka KUJO, Nobutada KONOE (whose name had changed from Nobusuke and who had been reinstated to Sadaijin in 1601) was appointed to Kanpaku for the first time in twenty-one years since he had started the soron, having caused a series of troubles thereafter; here, the tradition of rotating the position of Kanpaku among the five sekke was restored.
- 葛城氏2系統論を支持する研究者の中には、一連の政変で滅びたのは玉田宿禰系のみであって、葦田宿禰系は5世紀末までしばらく勢力を存続させていたと主張する議論もみられるが、それを示唆するような政治活動が記紀に一切記されていないため、蟻臣などもやはり外戚の押磐皇子と運命をともにしたのではないかと思われる。
- Some researchers, who hold the theory that the Katsuraki clan had two family groups, view that it was only Tamada no sukune's family who fell with the serial coup and Ashita no sukune's family survived until the end of the 5th century; however, there is no record that supports this view in the Nihonshoki nor the Kojiki, and it is thought that Ariomi followed the same path as his maternal relative, Prince Oshihano.
- 通説通り辛亥年が471年とするとヲワケが仕えた獲加多支鹵大王とは『古事記』『日本書紀』に出てくる大長谷若建(おおはつせわかたける)命・大泊瀬幼武(おおはつせわかたける)・雄略天皇であり、あるいは『宋書』倭国伝にみえる倭王武であると判断され、大王という称号が5世紀から使われたことの確実な証拠となる。
- If the popular theory that the year of Shingai was 471 is true, Wakatakeru no Okimi (the Great King Wakatakeru) whom Owake served would have been Ohatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto, Ohatsuse Wakatakeru, Emperor Yuryaku, or Waobu whose name was mentioned in 'Sojo' (Sung Shu) Wakokuden, therefore it is a reliable evidence for the title of Okimi to be used since the fifth century.
- 貴族や官人の官職及び官位を改廃する権限、令外官(りょうげのかん)の設置権、官人の叙位および任用権限、五衛府(ごえふ)や軍団兵士に対するすべての指揮命令権、罪刑法定主義を原則とする律の刑罰に対して勅断権と大赦権、外国の使者や外国へ派遣する使者に対する詔勅の使用などの外交権、皇位継承の決定権などである。
- The authority to establish and abolish government posts and official court ranks for nobles and officials, the right to appoint Ryoge no kan (a new governmental post), the authority to bestow court rank and to appoint officials, all rights of leadership and command towards army corps, soldiers and goefu (Palace guards), the right to make imperial judgment and right to grant general amnesty with respect to punishments under ritsu codes - these were based on the principle of legality, diplomatic rights such as right to use shochoku (the Imperial edict) on envoys to and from foreign countries and right to decide on succession to the Imperial Throne.
- もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ(後にアメリカ合衆国も)で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず(理系軽視)、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
- Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.
- しかし11世紀半ばに荘園の一円化が進み、諸国の荘園公領間で武力紛争が頻発するようになると、荘園及び公領である郡、郷、保の徴税、警察、裁判責任者としての荘園の荘官(荘司)や公領の郡司、郷司、保司に軍事紛争に対応できる武士が任命されることが多くなり、これらを領地とする所領経営者としての武士が成立したのである。
- However during the middle of the 11th century shoens spread rapidly and the armed conflicts between shoen koryos (public lands and private estates) in various provinces often happened, and many bushi were appointed to shokan (an officer governing shoen) of shoen or gunji (district managers), goji (a local government official under the ritsuryo system) and hoji (an officer governing koryo, or public land) of koryo (public lands) as the managers of tax collection, police activity and justice for shoens or koryo such as gun, go, and ho; consequently the bushi were established as the managers of public lands who owned these lands.
- 後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏は、建武政権から尊氏追討を命じられた新田義貞を箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで破り、さらに新田軍を追撃して京都の確保を図るが、1336年、楠木正成や北畠顕家らと連絡した宮方勢に京都とその近辺で敗れ海路西走し、途中播磨国の赤松則村(円心)らに助けられ、再興を賭けて九州地方に下る。
- At the battle of Hakone-Takenoshita, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was defecting from the Kemmu Restoration by Emperor Godaigo, defeated Yoshisada NITTA who had been ordered to crush Takauji by the Kemmu government; then, Takauji chased Nitta's forces trying to capture Kyoto, but in 1336, he was defeated in and around Kyoto by the Imperial forces which had contact with Masashige KUSUNOKI and Akiie KITABATAKE; he escaped to the west, towards Kyushu, by ship to renew his forces, helped by Norimura AKAMATU (Enshin) of Harima Province on the way.
- これに対して興膳宏は、東・西、と北・南で巻題の命名に対応関係が見られること(とくに東・西の巻ではそれぞれ巻頭に小序が付されていてそれが顕著である)、また体裁の面でも東・西の巻が諸家の論を空海自身の裁量で取捨しているのに対し、南・北の巻ではそのままの形で引用されていることが多いなど、対になっているのは明らかだとしている。
- In response to this, Hiroshi KOZEN explained that evidently pairs were made, as the titles of the volume corresponded to each other such as East against West, and North against South (particularly the volumes of East and West were noticeable because they had small prefaces in the beginning), and concerning the format, in the volumes of East and West Kukai selected each family's comments on his own discretion, while in the volumes of South and North they were cited as they were.
- 同じく赤松一族で但馬竹田城城主・斎村政広も西軍から東軍に寝返ったものの、西軍に与した宮部長房の居城・鳥取城を攻めるときにあまりに手ひどく城下町を焼き払ったために、徳川家康から戦後、これを理由に自害(この件に関しては寝返りを促した亀井茲矩に責任転嫁された冤罪説が強い)を命じられてしまい、これにより大名としての赤松氏は滅亡したのである。
- Masahiro SAIMURA, also a member of the Akamatsu family and was the lord of Takeda-jo Castle in Tajima Province, switched to the East squad from the West squad as well, but after the battle (Battle of Sekigahara) he was ordered to kill himself by Ieyasu Tokugawa, for the charge that Masahiro seriously damaged the castle town by setting fire brutally when he attacked Nagafusa MIYABE of the West squad at his home castle, Tottori-jo Castle, (for this incident, the theory of the false accusation caused by Koremori KAMEI, who encouraged the betrayal and shifted the responsibility is highly likely), and with Masahiro's death, the Akamatsu clan as daimyo had distinguished.
- 戦国時代になると、大名は主従関係の安定化のため、寄親となった有力武士の権利を保障し、寄子が濫りに寄親を変えることを禁じたり、大名への訴訟は寄親を通じて行うことを命じて、強制力を持たせる一方、寄親が寄子に恩給を与えなかったり、その他寄子に対する不当な扱いを行った場合には寄親を変えさせるなど、寄子を自己の軍事力として確保する政策が取られた。
- In the Sengoku period, in order to stabilize the master-servant relationship, daimyo guaranteed the rights of the dominant samurai who had become Yorioya, prohibited Yoriko from changing Yorioya, and gave Yorioya a legal force by ordering that lawsuits against daimyo should be filed through Yorioya; on the other hand, they adopted a policy to secure Yoriko as their military force by allowing Yoriko change Yorioya if Yorioya didn't give Onkyu (rewards from master to a vassal) or if Yorioya mistreated Yoriko.
- 亀岡盆地は太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ保津川・保津峡と名付けたという伝説も残っており、出雲大神宮(千歳町)の祭神となっている。
- In ancient times, the present-day Kameoka Basin was a large lake, and the region around the basin is said to have been named Ni-no-umi (cinnabar wave), or Tanba, after cinnabar waves rippling across the basin in a windy day; legend also has it that Okuninushi-no-mikoto, a famous deity in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo), carved out a valley, poured water in it, reclaimed the area, and then named the river 'Hozu-gawa River' and the valley 'Hozu-kyo Gorge' after wife Deity, 'Mihotsu-hime,' and is the enshrined deity of the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine in Chitose-cho.
- 鏡面のような心(心即理)の状態に無いのに、致良知に基づいて、自分の心の叫びを行動(知行合一)に移してしまうと、革命志向になりやすいという説もある(後述の山田方谷も、陽明学について誤った理解をすると重大な間違いを犯す危険があると考えて、朱子学を十分に理解して朱子学と陽明学を相対化して理解が出来る門人にのみにしか陽明学を教授しなかったと言われている)。
- Some people say that if a person puts his clamor to his action (to realize Chigyo goitsu) based on chiryochi when he has not attained the state of mind that reflects ri (Shinsokuri), the person is apt to aspire to start a revolution (Hokoku YAMADA, described later, also believed that wrong understanding of Yomeigaku might cause serious mistakes, so that he taught Yomeigaku only to the disciples who understood Shushigaku well enough to understand Yomeigaku in comparison to Shushigaku.)
- 当初は徳政令に慎重だった室町幕府は、1454年の土一揆を機に分一銭(ぶいちせん・分一徳政令(ぶいちとくせいれい)・徳政分一銭(とくせいぶいちせん)とも)を発布して、債権債務額の1割を一種の手数料として幕府に納めた紛争当事者に当該債権債務の権利を許す命令を出したが、これは債務の1割が幕府の収入となったため、後に幕府財政再建のために濫用されることとなった。
- Initially, the Muromachi bakufu was cautious about issuing Tokuseirei, but in 1454, the bakufu issued 'Buichi-sen,' 'Buichi Tokuseirei,' 'Tokusei-buichi-sen,' which ordered 10% of debt repayments to be paid to the government as a type of handling fee, and since this 10% of debt became income for the bakufu, it was later frequently used to unlawfully renew the bakufu finances.
- しかし、戦後「国民主権」を定めた日本国憲法が成立すると、君が代の歌詞について天皇を中心とした国体を讃えたものとも解釈できることから(例えば、ベン・アミー・シロニーは、『君が代』皇統の永続性(万世一系)がテーマであり、世界で最も短い国歌が世界で最も長命な王朝を称えることになったと解釈している)、一部の国民から、国歌にはふさわしくないとする主張がなされた。
- After the Constitution of Japan which set forth 'popular sovereignty' was formed after the War, because the words of Kimigayo can be interpreted as one that praises the national structure centering around the emperor (For example, Ben-Ami Shillony interpreted that its theme was the perpetuity of 'Kimigayo' imperial line (unbroken imperial line) and that the national anthem which was shortest in the world came to praise the dynasty which lasted for the longest period in the world) certain people assert that it was not suitable as the national anthem.
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- 太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を妻神「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ「保津川・保津峡」と名付けたという伝説も残っており、事実、湖だったことを示す地層も明らかになっている。
- It is said that, because long ago Kameoka Basin was a big lake with beautiful, vermillion waves caused by wind, this area was called 丹のうみ(Ni-no-umi; umi means a lake in English) or 丹波(Tanba; 波 means waves in English); others say that Okuninushi-no-mikoto who is a famous god appearing in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) carved a valley between Kameoka and Arashiyama, and made the water flow, forming land by reclamation, and named the carved valley 'Hozu-gawa River and Hozu-kyo Gorge' after 'Mihotsu-hime,' goddess in the position of wife of Okuninushi-no-mikoto; in fact, a fault has been found that shows that Kameoka Basin used to be a lake.
- 一方、本能寺から200mの近辺に教会のあったルイス・フロイスの『日本史』(Historia de Iapan)では、「(午前3時頃と言われる)明智の(少数の)兵たちは怪しまれること無く難なく寺に侵入して(6月2日に御所前で馬揃えをする予定であったのを織田の門番たちは知っていたので油断したと思われる)、信長が便所から出て手と顔を清めていたところを背後から弓矢を放って背中に命中させた。
- According to 'Historia de Iapan' by Luis Frois whose church was only 200 meter away from the Honno-ji Temple, '(Around three o'clock in the morning), (a small number of) warriors of the Akechi clan invaded the temple without being suspected (It seems that Oda's gatekeepers lost their sharpness because they knew that umazoroe (a troop review) in front of the Imperial Palace was planned for the next day.), and shot Nobunaga, who came out from the toilet and was washing his hands and face, in the back using bows and arrows.
- これに対して一条房経は、九条家の家祖が長子だからといって、その流派の嫡流であるとは限らない、一条実経が九条道家から家督を譲られたからこそ、九条流摂関家の政治的権威を裏付ける文書類である桃華堂文庫(後二条帥通記、玉葉、玉蘂)が一条家に伝わっているのだと反論し、これに対して九条経教は、実経への継承は九条忠家が幼少であったがゆえの措置であり、九条教実が長命であればこのような事は起こりえなかった。
- Fusatsune ICHIJO argued against Tsunenori, stating that just because an ancestor of the Kujo Family was the firstborn child it did not mean the Kujo Family was the legitimate blood of Kujo-ryu, and that because Michiie KUJO gave the family estate to Sanetsune ICHIJO, the Tokado-bunko (Gonnjo-moromichi-ki) (Gonijo-moromichi record), Gyokuyo (Kanezane KUJO's diary) and Gyokuzui (Michiie KUJO's diary)) and the document endorsing the political authority of Kujo-ryu Sekkan-ke, a regent family, were inherited by the ICHIJO Family; whereas Tsunenori KUJO asserted that measures to give inheritance to Sanetsune were taken just because Tadaie KUJO was in infancy, and that if Norizane KUJO had lived longer it would not have happened.
- 始期については、従来源頼朝が将軍(征夷大将軍)に任じられた1192年とするのが一般的であるが、頼朝が平家打倒のために挙兵し御家人を統率する侍所を設置した1180年説、寿永二年十月宣旨で東国(東海道および東山道)の支配権を朝廷に公認された1183年説、対立する弟・源義経追討の名目で惣追捕使(後の守護)・地頭の設置権を獲得した1185年説、頼朝が上洛し権大納言・右近衛大将に任命された1190年説、また一部では1196年説など様々な考え方がある。
- There are many theories about in what year the Kamakura period truly began, of which the 1192 theory, the year MINAMOTO no Yoritomo was made Shogun (Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians')), is the orthodox view, but in addition, theories include: the 1180 theory, focusing on Yoritomo raising his army and leading his gokenin (lower-ranking warrior vassals) into battle to destroy the Taira clan, and also establishing the Samurai Dokoro (Board of Retainers, which oversaw rewards for service); the 1183 theory, in which the key moment is the official recognition of the shogunate's right to control Eastern Japan (everything along the Tokaido and Tosando highways) proclaimed by the imperial court in the tenth month; the 1185 theory, which focuses on Yoritomo's use of his struggle to destroy his younger brother MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as a pretext to usurp the right to appoint and control the offices of shugo (provincial governor) and jito (estate steward); the 1190 theory, in which it was Yoritomo's visit to the capital and subsequent court appointments to Gon Dainagon (Deputy Major Counselor) and Ukone Taisho (Commander of the Guardsmen of the Right) that is considered the decisive moment; and a handful even believe it wasn't until 1196 that the Kamakura period truly began.
- これは、2月に太政大臣に就任したばかりである近衛前久が5月に突如辞任していること、本能寺の変後の7月17日_(旧暦)に羽柴秀吉から毛利輝元に宛てられた手紙において、秀吉が信長のことを「大相国」と呼んでいるが、信長に対する太政大臣贈官が宮中で論じられたのは同年10月の事であること、加えてその結果出された贈官の宣命には「重而太政大臣」の語句があり、これを太政大臣の辞令が出されたのが2度目であると解釈して、1度目の辞令を三職推任問題の時に既に太政大臣就任の内諾を信長から得たことにより、非公式な内定が出されていたと解している。
- He thinks that the informal decision of appointing Nobunaga as Daijo daijin had been already made after confirming his informal consent when Haretoyo talked about Sanshoku suinin mondai based on the following facts: Sakihisa KONOE, who assumed Daijo daijin in March (February in old lunar calendar), abruptly resigned in June (May in old lunar calendar); Hideyoshi called Nobunaga 'Daishokoku' (the Grand Minister) in his letter to Terumoto MORI on August 15 (July 17 in old lunar calendar) after the Honnoji Incident, while the formal discussion at court on granting a posthumous title of Daijo daijin to Nobunaga was in October; and the subsequently issued Emperor's order of the posthumous title for Nobunaga contained a word 'choji Dajodaijin' (重而太政大臣) (the Grand Minister again), which Hashimoto believed meant the second appointment of Nobunaga as Daijo daijin.