Honyaku Star - Search: 呼ぶ

呼ぶ: 1000 Terms and Phrases

呼ぶ
to call out (to)
to invoke
to summon (a doctor, etc.)
to invite
to designate
to name
to brand
to garner (support, etc.)
to gather
to take as one's wife
refer
denominate
evoke
hail
style
term

呼ぶ子
Yobuko

を呼ぶ
dub

と呼ぶ
label

嵐を呼ぶ
to cause a commotion
to create a big stir
to invoke a storm

呼ぶ子鳥
calling bird (esp. a cuckoo)

家に呼ぶ
have someone over

医者を呼ぶ
to call the doctor

法廷に呼ぶ
arraign

災いを呼ぶ
open a Pandora's box

類は友を呼ぶ
birds of a feather flock together

再帰的に呼ぶ
to call recursively

自在とも呼ぶ。
It is also called Jizai.

呼ぶプログラム
calling program

息ユリと呼ぶ。
That technique is referred to as iki yuri (literally, 'breath yuri').

広袖とも呼ぶ。
It is also called hirosode (wide sleeve).

類は友を呼ぶ。
Birds of a feather flock together.

｢類は友を呼ぶ｣
Birds of a feather flock together.

ブザーで～を呼ぶ
buzz for ~

邦楽器とも呼ぶ。
Such instruments are also referred to as Hogakki.

僕は君の名を呼ぶ。
I call your name.

これを出囃子と呼ぶ。
This is called debayashi.

これを観楓会と呼ぶ。
This is called kanpukai.

三右衛門流とも呼ぶ。
It was also called the Sanemon-ryu school.

これを六観音と呼ぶ。
These are called Roku Kannon (the six Kannon).

璽と呼ぶこともある。
The jewel is sometimes referred to as 'ji' (a sacred jewel).

これを代用醤油と呼ぶ。
They are called the alternative soy-sauce.

これを薬子の変と呼ぶ。
This is called the Kusuko Incident (the Revolt of Kusuko).

これを元弘の変と呼ぶ。
This was called the 'Genko Incident'.

自然の恵みが人を呼ぶ里
countryside where beautiful nature attracts many visitors

この湾を河内湾と呼ぶ。
This bay was called the Kawachi bay.

これを三曲合奏と呼ぶ。
The music performed by such a trio was called 'sankyokugasso'.

彼は私をピートと呼ぶ。
He calls me Pete.

彼女は僕を健二と呼ぶ。
She calls me Kenji.

友達は私をベスと呼ぶ。
My friends call me Beth.

狩りで鳥を呼ぶのに使う。
It is used to lure birds while hunting.

団喜（だんき）とも呼ぶ。
It is also called Danki.

これを「翁付き」と呼ぶ。
These are called 'Okina-tsuki.'

小さな幸せが幸せを呼ぶ。
Small happiness brings more.

Xがたいそう人気を呼ぶ。
X arouses a lot of interest.

後者を御目見医師と呼ぶ。
The latter was called the omemie-ishi (privileged doctor).

友達はぼくをケンと呼ぶ。
My friends call me Ken.

鹿児島ではセシカラと呼ぶ。
Called Sesikara in Kagoshima.

もっぺ、もんぺいとも呼ぶ。
They're also called moppe or monpei.

蹴出し（けだし）とも呼ぶ。
It is also called as kedashi petticoat.

この墨の点描を米点と呼ぶ。
These spots in ink are called Mi-style points.

こうした家を職分家と呼ぶ。
These families are called Shokubunke (occupational branch families).

これを翁付き五番立と呼ぶ。
This is called 'Okinatsuki-Gobandate.'

これを（天孫降臨）と呼ぶ。
This is called Tensonkorin (the sun goddess's grandson's descent to earth).

このお囃子をはめものと呼ぶ。
This ohayashi is called 'hamemono' (background music).

これを後世「胡弓楽」と呼ぶ。
This music was called 'Kokyu-gaku' (胡弓楽) in future generations.

「卵ご飯」と呼ぶべきである。
It should be called 'tamago gohan.'

焼く対象を「賽の神」と呼ぶ。
The object that is to be burned is called 'Sai no kami.'

単に風炉先と呼ぶこともある。
Simply, it is also called Furosaki.

からくだものと呼ぶ事もある。
It is sometimes called Karakudamono.

末広がり、末広かりとも呼ぶ。
It is also called Suehirogari and Suehirokari.

この山道を「峨山道」と呼ぶ。
The mountain road that he supposedly took is called the Gazan-do path.

「芸妓衆を呼ぶことができる」
'Geisha can be called upon.'

この小道具一式を差金と呼ぶ。
This prop kit was originally called 'Sashigane.'

神風連の変と呼ぶこともある。
It is also called Shinpu no Hen.

友達は僕のことをケンと呼ぶ。
My friends call me Ken.

彼の手紙を呼ぶと不安になる。
His letter makes me uneasy.

ごぼ天うどんと呼ぶこともある。
In Japan, Goboten Udon can be pronounced two ways, one is 'gobohten udon,' and the other is 'goboten udon.'

麹と塩水の混合物を諸味と呼ぶ。
The mixture of malt and salt water is called the moromi (unrefined soy-sauce).

こうした文化様式を和様と呼ぶ。
This kind of cultural style is called a Japanese style.

このT字型の部分を撞木と呼ぶ。
This T-shaped part is called shumoku (a wooden hammer).

神式の通夜は『通夜祭』と呼ぶ。
A shinto tsuya is called Tsuya-sai festival.

彼がとりあえず、店の人を呼ぶ。
He immediately calls the people in the shop.

Xが、技術者の間で話題を呼ぶ。
X was all the talk of the technical staff.

この状態のものを白干しと呼ぶ。
Umeboshi in this condition are called shiroboshi.

これらを「新日本音楽」と呼ぶ。
This music is called 'new Japanese music.'

関板と内竹の境目を切詰と呼ぶ。
Thee boundary between sekiita and uchitake is called kiritsume.

故に神鏡を「内侍所」とも呼ぶ。
Thus, this divine mirror was called 'Naishidokoro.'

彼女の友達は彼をネッドと呼ぶ。
Her friends call him Ned.

これを成語印または世説印と呼ぶ。
Such seals are called seigoin or yozeiin.

着付けをする人を、着付師と呼ぶ。
Wearer of Wafuku is called Kitsukeshi.

他に旧暦・陰暦・古六暦とも呼ぶ。
Other appellations of the 'Chinese calendar' are 'the old calendar,' 'the lunar calendar,' or 'the old six calendars.'

奈良帝（ならのみかど）とも呼ぶ。
He was also called Nara no Mikado.

陣門流では門祖（もんそ）と呼ぶ。
Haso is referred to as Monso at the Jinmon school.

本丸をこの名称で呼ぶ場合もある。
The honmaru is also called by this name.

これをスリアゲ、スリサゲと呼ぶ。
This is called suriage (rising tone) or surisage (descending tone).

東京近郊ではおみおつけとも呼ぶ。
This is also called Omiotsuke around Tokyo.

これを蛇の目（じゃのめ）と呼ぶ。
This sand is called as Janome.

「茶の湯音頭」と呼ぶ流派もある。
There is a school that is called 'chanoyu ondo.'

漫才を行う者を「漫才師」と呼ぶ。
Performers who perform manzai are called 'Manzai-shi' (stand-up comedian).

振八つ口を閉じた部分を人形と呼ぶ。
The closed Furiyatsukuchi is called Ningyo.

この作業のことを「身欠き」と呼ぶ。
This process is called '身欠き' (migaki).

陣門流では高祖（こうそ）とも呼ぶ。
The founder is also referred to as Koso in the Jinmon school.

近年は「古武術」と呼ぶ場合もある。
Lately, it is sometimes called 'ko bujutsu' (old bujutsu).

この流れを紙屋（かんや）川と呼ぶ。
This stream is called the Kanya-gawa River.

笄をここに通すときは中挿しと呼ぶ。
When kogai is inserted here, it is called nakasashi.

これを「型附」（かたづけ）と呼ぶ。
These are called 'Types (Katazuke)'.

おぼろ納豆、しょぼろ納豆とも呼ぶ。
It is also called oboro natto or shoboro natto.

ハワイアンブルーと呼ぶこともある。
It is also called Hawaiian blue.

この奏法を塩梅（あんばい）と呼ぶ。
This playing technique is called Anbai melisma.

これを「精霊流し」と呼ぶ地方もある。
This event is called 'Shoryo Nagashi' (floating lanterns carrying the spirits of the dead) depending on localities.

スルメ-イカ（「あたりめ」とも呼ぶ）
Surume-ika (also known as atarime)

両者を共に「桜餅」と呼ぶ地方もある。
In some areas, both types are called 'sakuramochi.'

これらを特に花結びと呼ぶこともある。
Kazarimusubi used in sado is sometimes referred to as hanamusubi in particular.

後者を「五目稲荷」と呼ぶこともある。
The latter is sometimes called 'gomokuinari.'

京都の花柳界では「ぽっちり」と呼ぶ。
It is called 'bottchiri' in 'karyu kai' (world of the geisha) in Kyoto.

この所作を〈三役そろい踏み〉と呼ぶ。
These ceremonious actions of the wrestlers were called 'Sanyaku Soroibumi.'

千秋楽の取組の最後の3番をこう呼ぶ。
The final three bouts on the senshuraku day are named lika that.

上記の5つを五精舎と呼ぶ場合も多い。
Theses five monasteries are also frequently called Five Monasteris 'Goshoja'.

これを初斎院（しょさいいん）と呼ぶ。
This is called Shosaiin.

同様の行事を花田植を呼ぶ地方もある。
Similar events may be called Hanataue in some regions.

これを「神神習合」と呼ぶ学者もいる。
There are scholars who refer to these phenomona as 'kamigami shugo' (fusion of the gods).

春日権現（かすがごんげん）とも呼ぶ。
It is also called Kasuga Gongen.

この写本を「種彦本」と呼ぶ所以である。
This is why the manuscript is called 'Tanehikobon.'

後に転じて「有職」と呼ぶようになった。
This later became 'yusoku.'

四段目は四の字忌避で「与の重」と呼ぶ。
The fourth sub-box is called 'Yo-no-ju' instead of 'Shi-no-ju' because the pronunciation of 'Shi' is the same as that of '死 (death).'

器に丼鉢を用いたものを海鮮丼とも呼ぶ。
This type of chirashizushi is also called seafood bowl (kaisen-don) when served in a donburi bowl.

茶道や和歌などを好む者を数寄者と呼ぶ。
People who enjoy the art of the tea ceremony, or waka (Japanese poetry), are referred to as 'suki-sha' (refined people yet tinged with eccentricity).

これを正倉院（しょうそういん）と呼ぶ。
This is called shosoin.

追加の10枚の作品を「裏富士」と呼ぶ。
The additional ten prints were called 'Urafuji.'

信者同士では在家仏教、内信心とも呼ぶ。
Within believers, it is also called 'Zaike Bukkyo' (the lay devotees' Buddhism) or 'Naishinjin' (the inward belief).

これらの文字を五字七字の題目とも呼ぶ。
These characters are referred to Daimoku of Go-ji Shichi-ji (literally, 'the title (of the mantra) with five or seven kanji characters').

(そのため)、これを「広文類」と呼ぶ。
Therefore, 'Kyogyoshinsho' is also known as 'Komonrui' (Extensive Collection of Passages).

近年ではテラスハウスと呼ぶことも多い。
Recently, it is often called a terrace house.

延年で行われた舞を「延年の舞」と呼ぶ。
Dance that was performed in Ennen is called 'Ennen no mai' (Ennen Dance).

能楽を上演する為の舞台を能舞台と呼ぶ。
The stage for the performance of Nohgaku is called Noh stage.

のちに帳全体を帳台と呼ぶようになった。
Later, cho as a whole became to be called chodai.

地域の中核食品企業と呼ぶべきであろう。
They should be rather called 'a core food company.'

初期の漫画をこのように呼ぶこともある。
Early-stage comics are sometimes referred to in this way.

彼はタクシーを呼ぶ必要はなかったのに。
He need not have called a taxi.

縄状の形状より麦縄（むぎなわ）とも呼ぶ。
It is also called 'muginawa' (literally 'wheat rope') due to its rope-like appearance.

地方によっては白い酒粕全てを板粕と呼ぶ。
In some regions, all white sakekasu is referred to as itakasu.

その際に提供される娯楽を一般に肴と呼ぶ。
The enjoyment offered in such occasions is generally called sakana.

全身が完全に黒い猫は特にカラスネコと呼ぶ
A completely all black cat is especially called Karasu Neko (Crow Cat).

この改革を、後世の学者は大化改新と呼ぶ。
These reforms came to be called the Taika Reforms by later scholars.

この時期を和様書と仮名書の完成期と呼ぶ。
This period is called the completing period of the Japanese-style calligraphy and kana calligraphy.

遊里では「かけ」「しかけ」と呼ぶことも。
And in the red-light district, it is sometimes called 'kake' or 'shikake', too.

そして、「式三番」と呼ぶことは殆ど無い。
They rarely call it 'Shiki Sanban.'

一般に三回忌まで、親類を呼ぶ場合が多い。
Generally, relatives are gathered until the sankaiki.

この戦いの場を修羅場（しゅらば）と呼ぶ。
The situation of this battle is called Shuraba (dreadful scene).

ライブパフォーマンスが各地で反響を呼ぶ。
The live performances generate a reaction in every area.

これを他力本願（たりきほんがん）と呼ぶ。
This viewpoint is called 'Tariki Hongan,' which means salvation through the benevolence of Amida Butsu.

この動作をユリ（ユリ、あごユリ）と呼ぶ。
This type of technique is called yuri (or agoyuri).

これを「お座敷天ぷら」と呼ぶこともある。
This may be called 'Ozashiki-Tempura (tempura is cooked directly by the eaters in a room.)'

現在でも精霊をボンサマと呼ぶ地域がある。
Even now, the spirits of the dead are called Bonsama in some regions.

大成者の孔子から、孔教・孔子教とも呼ぶ。
It is also referred to as Ko-kyo or Koshi-kyo from Koshi, the person who achieved its perfection.

こうした住民を神封戸（じんふこ）と呼ぶ。
These residents are called 'Jinfuko.'

西日本では八朔の穂掛けと呼ぶことがある。
In western Japan, it may also be called Hokake of hassaku (August 1 on lunar calendar).

公衆は武官官僚とも呼ぶべき存在であった。
Hokoshu could be called military officials.

また、それをつゆと呼ばずに「だし」と呼ぶ。
Such soup broth is commonly called 'Dashi,' not 'Tsuyu' in Japanese.

具の事を関西では「加薬」と呼ぶことが多い。
Toppings are frequently called 'Kayaku' in the Kansai region.

これを「醤油油（しょうゆあぶら）」と呼ぶ。
This fat is called the 'soy-sauce fat.'

高齢者を中心に「お粥さん」と呼ぶ者も多い。
Many elderly people call it 'okayu-san.'

前半を「一の句」、後半を「二の句」と呼ぶ。
The former half of roei is called 'the first phrase,' and the latter half is called 'the second phrase.'

風の精霊、或いは妖怪をそう呼ぶこともある。
Occasionally, the spirit, or the ghost, of the wind is called 'fujin.'

この徳利を通徳利（かよいとっくり）と呼ぶ。
This is called 'Kayoi tokkuri' (commuter tokkuri).

これを備えた曲種、楽曲形式を手事物と呼ぶ。
The type of piece or style of a composition which is equipped with tegoto is called 'tegotomono.'

白地と柄の割合によっては二毛と呼ぶ事がある
According to the ratio of a white coat and a pattern, a cat is sometimes referred to as Bi-color Cat.

韓国では陰暦と呼ぶことが多い（旧暦とも）。
In Korea the old calendar is often called 'the lunar calendar' otherwise 'the old calendar.')

現在では「お言葉」と呼ぶことが普通である。
Today it is called as 'o-kotoba' (a combination of 'o' as a honorific prefix to be applied before noun or verb and 'kotoba' meaning words) in general.

神社では奴袴（ぬばかま）と呼ぶことが多い。
At Shinto shrines, these are often called 'nubakama.'

略して「女義（じょぎ）」と呼ぶ場合も多い。
It is often abbreviated as 'Jogi' ('jo' means 'a female').

火葬をおこなう施設や建築物を火葬場と呼ぶ。
The facility or building in which the cremation takes place is called a crematorium.

悟りと呼ぶ場合はこのどれも指すようである。
Enlightenment seems to refer to each respective stage.

これらの動きを鎌倉旧仏教と呼ぶ場合もある。
These movements are sometimes called Kamakura Old Buddhism.

この3つの管楽器をあわせて「三管」と呼ぶ。
These three wind instruments are collectively called the 'Three Winds.'

総称して「変わりカツ丼」と呼ぶ場合がある。
Such katsudons are generally referred to as 'kawari katsudon' (unconventional katsudon).

日本の酒税法上では清酒（せいしゅ）と呼ぶ。
It is called seishu in the Japanese Liquor Tax Law.

全編を通して上演することを通し狂言と呼ぶ。
The performance of the whole program is called 'Toshi-kyogen.'

その略で、現在でも祇園会と呼ぶこともある。
Sometimes, it is also called the Gion-e for short.

後にはこの常盤木を神籬と呼ぶようになった。
This evergreen come to be called Himorogi.

彼を「サー」と呼ぶのは少し封建的に思える。
It seems a bit feudal to call him 'sir'.

餅を搗く時に豆を入れたものは豆大福餅と呼ぶ。
Daifuku which is made from mochi with beans added when the mochi is pounded is called mame-daifuku-mochi (bean big-luck mochi).

またごま油で揚げた料理をこう呼ぶこともある。
Also, a dish deep-fried in sesame oil is sometimes called 'Rikyuage'.

明治時代の文人達に好まれたのでこの様に呼ぶ。
It was popular among the literati of the Meiji period, hence the name.

関西地方ではこれを「亀山」や「小倉」と呼ぶ。
This dish is called 'Kameyama' or 'Ogura' in the Kansai region.

特に口や喉をすすぐためのものを角盥漱と呼ぶ。
The tsuno-darai used particularly for rinsing mouth and throat is called a tsuno-hanzo (a lacquered washbowl with two pairs of long horn-like handles on the both sides).

したがって、学術的には蓮痕と呼ぶ場合もある。
Therefore, the word renkon is sometimes used in place of samon in the academic field.

このように折り畳んだ部分をおはしょりと呼ぶ。
The part that has been folded is referred to as 'ohashori.'

門跡に近侍する僧侶を坊官と呼ぶようになった。
Then the monks who serve monzeki came to be called bokan.

この形式の城郭を歴史学上、織豊系城郭と呼ぶ。
This form of castle was historically called shokuho period fortress.

よって、この遺跡を「小墾田宮推定地」と呼ぶ。
Ikazuchi no Oka Toho site is, therefore, called as 'potential Oharida no Miya Palace.'

鶏の唐揚げネギソースがけなどと呼ぶ店もある。
It is called fried chicken with white onion sauce at some restaurants.

「めった汁」、「スキー汁」と呼ぶ地方もある。
In some regions, it's called 'Mettajiru' or 'Ski-jiru.

その為浮浪する牢人を浪人と呼ぶようになった。
Therefore, the 牢人 who wandered around came to be called 浪人.

和訓にて「つはもののとねりのつかさ」と呼ぶ。
Its Japanese name was 'Tsuwamono no toneri no tsukasa.'

神名は、1.の部分を省略して呼ぶことがある。
There are cases in which the kami is addressed with the first part of the Shinmei omitted.

彼女は困ったらいつも両親を呼ぶことができた。
She could always call her parents when she was in a crunch.

そのため、右の衽・右の前身頃などを下前と呼ぶ。
Therefore, the right-hand Okumi and the right-hand Maemigoro are called '下前' (Shitamae).

そのため、左の衽・左の前身頃などを上前と呼ぶ。
Therefore, the left-hand Okumi and the left-hand Maemigoro are called '上前' (Uwamae).

古筆を手軽に鑑賞できるところからこの名で呼ぶ。
It is called this name as ancient calligraphy is easily appreciated.

ただし興福寺では薪御能（たきぎおのう）と呼ぶ。
It is called the Takigi-onoh in Kofuku-ji Temple.

英語でもそのまま「Botamochi」と呼ぶ。
In English, sometimes it is called 'botamochi' as well.

落語家の舞台のことを「高座（こうざ）」と呼ぶ。
The stage that a comic storyteller goes on to is called a koza.

江戸小紋と区別するため東京おしゃれ小紋と呼ぶ。
It is called Tokyo oshare-komon in order to differentiate it from Edo-komon.

天台宗に伝わる密教を台密と呼ぶのに対していう。
This term is used to differentiate it from Taimitsu, which is Esoteric Buddhism passed down in Tendai Buddhism.

このような状況を王権仏授説と呼ぶ研究者もいる。
Some researchers call this situation a theory of the Buddhist right of kings.

鶏の唐揚げレモンソースがけなどと呼ぶ店もある。
It is called fried chicken with lemon juice at some restaurants.

尺八の手孔をすべて塞いだときの音を筒音と呼ぶ。
The tsutsune (i.e., the tonic) is the tone produced when the shakuhachi is played with all tone holes covered.

そのため、この部分を「花蕾」と呼ぶ場合もある。
Therefore, this portion is sometimes also called the Karai (flower bud).

他にも稲荷揚げ、寿司あげなどと呼ぶ地域もある。
In some regions, it is called 'inariage' (as a thin, fried bean curd used for wrapping inari-zushi or flavored boiled rice) and also 'sushiage' (the same, being used to wrap sushi or vinegared boiled rice).

立衆を統率する者を特に立頭（たちがしら）と呼ぶ。
The performer taking the leadership of the Tachi-shu is called 'Tachi-gashira.'

棒状に変化したものを「延べ棒」と呼ぶこともある。
Rod shaped hairpins are also known as 'nobe-bo' (bar hairpains).

こうして上方から江戸へ送られた酒を下り酒と呼ぶ。
The sake which was sent from kamigata to Edo in such a way was called kudarizake.

省略せず「天かす」と呼ぶ方が誤解を生まずに済む。
一原文一訳文の例外対処

節の裏を極端に深く削ったものを蟻腰、雉股と呼ぶ。
The part where the back of 'fushi' (a knot) is chiseled very deeply is called arigoshi and kijimata.

序・破・急を通しで演奏することを「一具」と呼ぶ。
Playing Jo, Ha and Kyu all the way through is called 'Ichigu.'

音高を下げることをメリ、上げることをカリと呼ぶ。
Lowering the pitch is called 'meri,' and raising the pitch 'kari.'

また、自治体によっては「特殊公衆浴場」とも呼ぶ。
Some autonomous bodies call other public bathhouses 'special public bathhouses.'

この活性炭粉末を、酒蔵では単に炭（すみ）と呼ぶ。
Powdered active charcoal is called simply 'sumi' (charcoal) in the brewery.

正式な造りは4つ穴で、これを四目（しめ）と呼ぶ。
Formal Hikime had four holes, and it was called `shime' (four eyes).

その上に着る陣羽織に似た金襴の衣服を千早と呼ぶ。
Clothes with gold brocade looks like 'jinbaori' (sleeveless campaign jacket worn over armour) and are called chihaya.

天体としての天の川銀河を特に「銀河系」とも呼ぶ。
The Milky Way Galaxy as a heavenly body that is sometimes distinctively called 'the galactic system.'

江戸時代中期頃より牢人を浪人と呼ぶようになった。
In and after the middle of the Edo period, 牢人 (who was separated from his master and lost his salary) also came to be called 浪人 (ronin).

それぞれ、六波羅探題北方・六波羅探題南方と呼ぶ。
They are called Rokuhara Tandai Kitakata (Northern Chief of Rokuhara Tandai) and Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata (Southern Chief of Rokuhara Tandai).

ここまでが幹部職員で、これ以下を近衛舎人と呼ぶ。
The above are executives and other people were called Konoe toneri.

なお、近畿地方ではウナギのことを「マムシ」と呼ぶ。
In the Kinki region eels are called 'mamushi.'

1月1日を元日、元日の朝を元旦（がんたん）と呼ぶ。
January 1st is called ganjitsu, and the morning of ganjitsu is called gantan.

朝鮮半島では、「膾」または「鱠」を「フェ」と呼ぶ。
In Korean Peninsula, '膾 or 鱠, namasu' is called 'fue.'

このように羅宇が植物性の煙管を「羅宇煙管」と呼ぶ。
Kiseru with wooden rao is called 'rao-kiseru.'

箸で食器を叩き音を出す、又はその音で人を呼ぶ所作。
To make noise by hitting eating utensils with chopsticks, or to call a person with the noise.

その判定は行司（アマチュアでは主審と呼ぶ）が行う。
A gyoji (called referee in amateur tournaments) produces a decision.

前者を六孔（六穴）、後者を七孔（七穴）篠笛と呼ぶ。
Those with six holes are called rokko (rokketsu) shinobue, and those with seven holes are called shichiko (nanaketsu) shinobue.

全ての指孔を塞いで出す「最低音」を「筒音」と呼ぶ。
The lowest tone which is produced when all the finger holes are closed is called 'tsutsune.'

この4種を「お囃子」（邦楽囃子、長唄囃子）と呼ぶ。
These four instruments are called 'ohayashi' (Japanese orchestra) (hogaku-bayashi (orchestra of Japanese traditional music), nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment) bayashi).

風炉に用いる茶釜はとくに風炉釜（ふろがま）と呼ぶ。
Chagama used for furo (furnace) is called a furogama tea kettle.

このことで、「浄土真宗」を門徒宗と呼ぶこともある。
Consequently, 'Jodo Shinshu' is sometimes called Montoshu.

シカケとヒラキを連続させる型をシカケヒラキと呼ぶ。
The form that links together trick (shikake) and open (hiraki) is called trick-open (shikakehiraki).

明石市では「明石焼き」と言わず、「玉子焼」と呼ぶ。
In Akashi City, they are called 'tamago-yaki' (omelet) instead of 'Akashi-yaki.'

重箱に盛りつけたものは天重（てんじゅう）とも呼ぶ。
Tendon served in a jubako (tiered food box) is called Tenju.

太鼓なしの囃子を三拍子、太鼓を含むと四拍子と呼ぶ。
Noh music accompaniment without the side drum is called 'triple time music (Sanbyoshi),' while Noh music accompaniment with the side drum is called 'quadruple time music (Yonbyoshi).'

鵜飼漁をする人を鵜匠（うしょう・うじょう）と呼ぶ。
The person who is engages in Ukai fishing is called Usho or ujo.

通常、客は時間決めで芸妓を酒席に呼ぶことができる。
Usually, clients can call geigi in to the place where they are having a banquet for the pre-arranged period of time.

（漢字の「様」をつけて「様」と呼ぶことは少ない）。
(They are rarely addressed with the kanji form of sama.)

留守居の副官・補佐役を留守居添役と呼ぶことが多い。
A deputy Rusui officer or an assistant to a Rusui officer was often called Rusui-soeyaku.

彼は勉強に熱中していて私の呼ぶ声が聞こえなかった。
He was too intent on studying to hear my call.

太い方から順に「一の糸」「二の糸」「三の糸」と呼ぶ。
In descending order of thickness, they are called 'ichi no ito' (the first string), 'ni no ito' (the second string), and 'san no ito' (the third string), respectively.

なお、かつての上方落語では「中座」（なかざ）と呼ぶ。
And they used to be called 'nakaza' in the Kamigata rakugo.

よって、これを燗銅壷（銅壷）と呼ぶことは誤称である。
Therefore, it is wrong to call these sake warming machines 'Kandoko' (or 'Doko').

また、それに伴う催事を含んで「祭」と呼ぶ場合もある。
Moreover, events associated with it is also called 'matsuri' in some cases.

字義的には天皇の住居を「内裏」と呼ぶことに由来する。
As for the literal aspect of this term, it comes from that people call the emperor's house 'dairi.'

地元では、一般に両方を含めて通称「利休饅頭」と呼ぶ。
Normally, both of them are collectively called 'Rikyu manju' by local residents.

上方和事の、柔弱でやや滑稽味を帯びた立役をこう呼ぶ。
It is a male role of a weak-willed but somewhat comical character in Kamigata wagoto (a soft style of acting in Kamigata [the Kyoto-Osaka area] Kabuki).

今日では、広く遊女一般を指して花魁と呼ぶこともある。
Today 'oiran' is sometimes used to refer generally to a courtesan or prostitute of that period.

５０年以上１００年未満のものをヴィンテージ」と呼ぶ。
Clothes produced more than 50 years ago but less than 100 years ago are called 'vintage.'

クレヨンしんちゃん嵐を呼ぶ!夕陽のカスカベボーイズ
Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Kasukabe Boys of the Evening Sun

この仕組を蔭位制（おんいのせい・蔭位の制）とも呼ぶ。
The system was also referred to as 'oni no sei.'

この禅僧のもたらした中国書法による筆跡を墨跡と呼ぶ。
The calligraphic works based on the Chinese calligraphic style brought by these Zen priests are called bokuseki.

このうち、大日如来と四仏を合わせて胎蔵界五仏と呼ぶ。
Of these, Dainichi and the other four Nyorai are called the Five Buddhas in the Womb Realm.

この際に用いられる数珠を百万遍数珠と呼ぶ場合がある。
The juzu which is used in such a case is sometimes called Hyakumanben Juzu.

鞘は、刀身を差し入れる方を鯉口、逆の側を小尻と呼ぶ。
The end where the blade is inserted into the Saya (Sheath) is called Koiguchi (literally 'carp mouth'), and the other side is called Kojiri (literally 'small end').

厳しい修行をつみ、変身能力を得た人間の事を鬼と呼ぶ。
A human who has had hard training and gained the ability to transform himself is called Oni.

自分の体を犠牲にしてまで戦う姿が、人々の感動を呼ぶ。
People are moved by those who fight even if it means sacrificing themselves.

これゆえに釈迦仏は彼の本名である憍尸迦と呼ぶという。
For this reason Shaka Buddha calls him Kyoshika, his true name.

雅語として「みつのお（三つの緒）」と呼ぶ場合もある。
The sangen is occasionally called 'mitsuno-o,' literally meaning three strings, in a Japanese classical expression.

主に関西地方では牛肉を使用したのを「他人丼」と呼ぶ。
Mainly in the Kansai region, donburimono using beef is called 'tanin-don.'

関東地方の場合、牛肉を使用したのを「開化丼」と呼ぶ。
In the Kanto region, donburimono using beef is called 'kaika-don.'

ウニの塩辛済州島でクサルと呼ぶウニを使用して作る。
salted sea urchin: it is made of a sea urchin called kusaru in Jeju (an island of Korea).

転じて、そこに住む皇后その人を指して「中宮」と呼ぶ。
The empress who lives there is also called 'chugu'.

なお、関白職を子弟に譲った前関白を唐名で太閤と呼ぶ。
A previous Kampaku, who has passed on the position to a successor, was called Taiko by the Tang.

まとめて呼ぶ場合は国衆（くにしゅう）、国人衆という。
Kunishu or kokujinshu, when referring to them collectively.

孔のある一端を頭、湾曲部の内側を腹、外側を背と呼ぶ。
The end at which the hole has been provided is called the head, the inner curve portion of the jewel the belly, and the outer curve the back.

沖縄県や鹿児島県奄美諸島では三線（さんしん）とも呼ぶ。
In Okinawa Prefecture and Amami islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, it is also called sanshin.

また、何の味付けもせずに炊き上げたものを白蒸しと呼ぶ。
Also, steamed glutinous rice without any flavors is called shiramushi.

関東では具の入ったうどんを「種物（たねもの）」と呼ぶ。
In the Kanto region, Udon noodles with toppings are called 'Tanemono.'

扇・蝶・枕によって作られる形を投扇興では「銘」と呼ぶ。
The shape which is formed by the combination of fan, Cho (target), and Makura (pedestal) is called 'Mei.'

信仰心が伴わない場合でも太陽をお日様と呼ぶことがある。
The sun is called 'ohi-sama' even without religious faith.

梅若伝説を扱った作品群の事を一般に「隅田川物」と呼ぶ。
The group of works that deals with Umewaka Densetsu (Legend of Umewaka) is called 'Sumidagawa mono.'

落語家身分が初めに習い覚える話を「前座ばなし」と呼ぶ。
The first stories learned by comic storytellers when they are new to rakugo are called 'zenza-banashi.'

また今日では、縦長の茶入を全て肩衝と呼ぶ場合すらある。
Furthermore, today, some use Katatsuki to refer to all pieces of chaire which are vertically long.

この階層システムを，国連型集団安全保障システムと呼ぶ。
This hierarchical system is called a UN-style system of collective security.

近年では出汁もしくは白湯をかけたもののこともそう呼ぶ。
Recently, a bowl of rice with soup stock or hot water is called chazuke.

幹が上に向けて垂直に一直線に伸びている形を直幹と呼ぶ。
Bonsai with a straight trunk growing vertically upwards are called Chokkan style bonsai.

近世に入ると雁皮紙はすべて鳥の子紙と呼ぶようになった。
In the recent times, all ganpishi were called torinoko paper.

このクリーム状に磨り潰された大豆のことを「呉」と呼ぶ。
The mashed soybeans are called 'go.'

官職制度・システムのことを職制（しょくせい）とも呼ぶ。
The system of Kanshoku is also called Shokusei.

正式には天保壬寅元暦（てんぽうじんいんげんれき）と呼ぶ。
Officially, it is called Tenpo jiningenreki.

花が散って葉が混ざった状態から初夏過ぎまでを葉桜と呼ぶ。
The cherry blossoms in the period from falling flowers and coming of new leaves until early summer or later are called Hazakura (cherry tree in leaf).

当日の寄席で働く前座のうち、最も古株を「立前座」と呼ぶ。
The oldest zenza working at the yose is called 'tatezenza.'

明治時代以降は、能・式三番と併せて能楽と呼ぶことがある。
Since the Meiji period, Kyogen, Noh, and Shiki Sanba (a dance to celebrate a memorial day, particularly in Kabuki) collectively have frequently been called Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

そこから油揚げを除いた物のことを「あんかけうどん」呼ぶ。
Meanwhile, 'Tanuki-Udon' without deep-fried bean curd is called by another name 'Ankake Udon.'

複数の木を一つの鉢や石に植え付けたものを寄せ植えと呼ぶ。
Bonsai with a number of different variety of trees grown in one pot or rock are called Yoseue style bonsai.

なお、日本では組み合う格闘技的な競技を総じて相撲と呼ぶ。
In Japan, 'sumo' is also used as a generic term which refers to fighting sports in which two players come to grips with each other.

なお、この天目茶碗を「曜変」と呼ぶかどうかは議論がある。
There is controversy as to whether this tea bowl should be referred to as 'Yohen' or not.

長崎県の壱岐島では柚子の皮だけを煮たものをゆべしと呼ぶ。
In Ikinoshima Island in Nagasaki Prefecture, 'yubeshi' refers to those made by boiling only the citron skin.

浄土真宗においては伝灯相承（でんとうそうしょう）と呼ぶ。
It is called Dento-sosho (the light inheritance) in the Jodo Shinshu.

初期仏教では、修行者の到達し得る最高位をこのように呼ぶ。
In early Buddhism it meant the top level that a disciplinant could attain.

輪を主に構成する多数の珠は、二重数珠と同じく主珠と呼ぶ。
Many beads which mainly compose a ring are called Omodama, likewise in the case of Niju-juzu (double ring juzu).

幹が左右に曲線を描くように曲がっている木を模様木と呼ぶ。
Moyogi style bonsai is one in which the trunk is twisted into a curved line from left to right.

また同じ組み合わせを季節によって違う名で呼ぶこともある。
Additionally, the same color combinations were sometimes called differently depending on the season.

（摂氏25度未満のものは、冷泉または鉱泉と呼ぶ事がある）
(Those of which temperature is below 25 degree Celsius could be called cold spring or mineral spring).

これは札宮（ふだみや）といい、狭義にはこれを神棚と呼ぶ。
This is called a fudamiya (literally, 'a shrine for a talisman), and it is referred to as a kamidana in a narrow sense.

仕込中期にアルコール発酵を行う酵母を「主発酵酵母」と呼ぶ。
The yeasts that perform alcoholic fermentation in the middle of preparation process are called the 'main fermenting yeast.'

現在では、細幹で枝数少なく枝嵩も小さいものも文人木と呼ぶ。
Nowadays, bonsai with narrow trunks and few branches, and with the branches having a small volume are also called Bunjingi style bonsai.

漉（こ）し餡の汁粉は「こしあんのぜんざい」と大阪では呼ぶ。
A shiruko, or a sweet azuki bean soup using koshian (azuki bean paste) is called 'zenzai with koshian.'

地方によっては、太鼓台や布団太鼓などをこう呼ぶ場合もある。
In some local communities, danjiri refers to taikodai (a festival float in which a drum is fit inside) and futon-daiko (a big taikodai).

新陰流では上泉信綱が考案したと伝えられ、蟇肌竹刀とも呼ぶ。
In the Shinkage-ryu school of swordsmanship, it is believed that Nobutsuna KAMIIZUMI devised the fukuro shinai, which is also known as 'hikihada-shinai bamboo sword.'

福井県・亀岡市・能勢町では「丁稚羊羹」と呼ぶ例が見られる。
In Fukui Prefecture, Kameoka City (Kyoto Prefecture), and Nose-cho (Osaka Prefecture), mizu-yokan is sometimes called detchi-yokan (cheap yokan containing less azuki beans and sugar).

酒肴（しゅこう）、酒にあてがうことからアテと呼ぶ事もある。
It is also referred to as 'shuko,' or 'ate' (since sakana accompanies, or 'ategau' in Japanese, alcoholic beverages).

つまり、既に改正された法を改正されない法と呼ぶ矛盾である。
That is to say, it is contradictory to call the revised law 'The Irreversible Code.'

日本の東部を「あずま」と呼ぶのは、この故事にちなむという。
We call the eastern part of Japan, 'Azuma,' named after this legendary account.

福神漬（ふくじんづけ、「ふくしんづけ」と呼ぶ地方も多い。）
Fukujinzuke (or fukusinnzuke depending on regions) (literally, pickles of the gods of good fortune).

指孔は歌口から一番遠いものを第一孔と呼ぶのが一般的である。
The finger hole farthest from mouthpiece is generally called the first hole.

これらのことが、新たな世代の愛好家を呼ぶ下地となっている。
Under such circumstances, new devotees to the fundoshi loincloths are arising from the new generation.

中華人民共和国では「仏舎利塔」のことを「覆鉢式塔」と呼ぶ。
In the People's Republic of China, 'bussharito' is called 'fukubachishiki (inverted bowl style) pagoda.'

別名を「楽鉦鼓（がくしょうこ）」又は「釣り鉦鼓」とも呼ぶ。
It is also called 'gaku-shoko' or 'tsurigane-shoko.'

こうした構造から、炊事場を釜屋（かまや）と呼ぶ地方もある。
The kitchen is called kamaya (furnace hut) in some regions because fo such structure.

一つの独立した様式であるとして「主殿造」と呼ぶことがある。
It is considered as a distinct architectural style and called the Shuden-zukuri style.

多くの宿坊を抱えた寺院は大坊（たいぼう）と呼ぶことがある。
Temples with many shukubo are sometimes called taibo (large living quarters for monks).

また、このために彼の妻・舎脂を憍尸迦夫人と呼ぶこともある。
Moreover, his wife Sachi is in some cases called Mrs. Kyoshika.

また、鹿鳴館を中心にした外交政策を「鹿鳴館外交」とも呼ぶ。
In addition, a foreign policy centering on the Rokumei-kan Pavilion is called 'Rokumeikan Gaiko' (the Rokumei-kan Pavilion Diplomacy).

芸妓を「芸子（げいこ）」、見習を「舞妓（まいこ）」と呼ぶ。
Geigi is referred to as 'geiko,' whereas a trainee is referred to as 'maiko (child geisha).'

この他、少年少女の素人歌舞伎を稚児歌舞伎と呼ぶ地方がある。
Moreover, there are some regions where the kabuki (Japanese classical drama) performed by amateur boys and girls are called chigo kabuki.

このため、この3郡を特に「神三郡（じんさんぐん）」と呼ぶ。
That is the reason that the abovementioned three gun, in particular, are called the 'Jinsangun' (three districts of the Jingun).

だが、年間6回のみの興行であり、定席と呼ぶにはほど遠かった。
Yet the program was held only six times a year, far from being called a regular rakugo theater.

節麺は、素麺節（そうめんふし）、切り落としと呼ぶ地域もある。
Fushimen is also referred to as 'somen fushi' or 'kiriotoshi' (literally meaning cut-off) depending on the area.

例えば、納豆をかけただけの納豆飯を「料理」と呼ぶ人は少ない。
For example, very few people call rice with natto 'dish.'

ころ柿（枯露柿、転柿、ころがき）、白柿（しろがき）とも呼ぶ。
It is also known as Korogaki or Shirogaki.

長襦袢の代用品と言う意味で「うそつき襦袢」と呼ぶことがある。
It may be called the 'usotsuki (liar) juban,' which means it is a substitute for nagajuban.

また仏ではないが、馬頭観音の頭上の馬も化仏と呼ぶ場合がある。
Moreover, the horse statue on the head of Bato Kannon (horse-headed Kannon), although it is not a Buddha statue, is also called kebutsu.

もちろん必須ではないが、芸者・コンパニオンを呼ぶことがある。
Guests sometimes ask for geisha or hostesses to serve at their banquets, but of course this is not essential.

主珠より小さい二つの珠の事を「二天珠（にてんだま）」と呼ぶ。
2 beads which are smaller than Omodama are called 'Nitendama' (literally, beads of two celestial).

このため、特別に唯一神明造（ゆいいつしんめいづくり）と呼ぶ。
Therefore, the style of these halls is called yuiitsu-shinmei-zukuri style (literally, the sole shinmei-zukuri style) in particular.

通常はこの周辺社寺を含めたエリアを奈良公園と呼ぶことが多い。
Generally speaking, the area including these nearby shrines and temples is often called Nara Park.

前挿し：前髪の両脇（左右のこめかみ辺り）に挿す簪をこう呼ぶ。
Maesashi: kanzashi which is inserted into the both sides of the bangs (around both temples).

例えば、文楽などの古典芸能では小道具の受け渡しを介錯と呼ぶ。
In classical entertainment, such as with the Bunraku puppet theater, for example, Kaishaku refers to handing over stage properties

現代の演劇では、幕の開閉や役者の動作の補助などを介錯と呼ぶ。
In the modern theatrical performance, Kaishaku refers to such tasks of opening and closing the curtain and supporting performer's action.

この頃より流浪する牢人や未仕官の牢人を浪人と呼ぶようになる。
The 牢人 who wandered around or could not get vassal positions came to be called 浪人 (ronin).

そこから、神事に使う布帛や紙のことを大麻と呼ぶようになった。
That is the reason why clothes and paper used in Shinto rituals are called 'Onusa.'

縁起のいい語句や戒めの言葉などが刻されているので吉語印と呼ぶ。
As lucky words and phrases or words of warning were carved on the seals, it is called kitsugoin (seal engraved auspicious words or phrases).

七柱それぞれの社（やしろ）を順に回り、縁起を呼ぶお参りがある。
There is a way to visit shrines to get good luck by going to each of seven shrines in order.

剣舞と扇舞を合わせて剣扇舞（けんせんぶ）と呼ぶこともある。
Kenbu and Senbu can together be called Kensenbu (sword and fan dancing).

また時雨が低温のときに変わる雪や風花を雪時雨と呼ぶ地方がある。
Also, shigure which changes to snow or fuka when in low temperature is called yuki-shigure in some regions.

浄土宗では法然の両親を供養する浄土宗最大の行事をお会式と呼ぶ。
In Jodo-Sect, the memorial Buddhist service for Honen's parents, its biggest Buddhist Memorial service, is called Oeshiki.

シテを演じる為の訓練を専門的に積んでいる能楽師をシテ方と呼ぶ。
A Noh actor who has endured professional training in order to perform proficiently as a protagonist is called a pro protagonist (shitekata).

ワキを演じる為の訓練を専門的に積んでいる能楽師をワキ方と呼ぶ。
A Noh actor who has endured professional training in order to perform proficiently as a Nohwaki is called a pro Nohwaki (wakikata).

欧米では日本でいうところの紅茶キノコをKombuchaと呼ぶ。
In Europe and America, what is called black tea fungus in Japan is called Kombucha.

芸道のある一分野についての書を芸道論と呼ぶ用法は誤りか少ない。
Furthermore, some of these writings on certain fields of the arts and pursuits that are called 'treatises' are deficient or apparently labeled incorrectly.

水戸藩主の多くは権中納言に任官していたため「水戸黄門」と呼ぶ。
Since many heads of the Mito Clan were assigned as Gonchunagon (provisional vice-council of state), it was referred to as 'Mito Komon.'

年男（としおとこ）　その年の干支に当たる男性のことをさして呼ぶ。
Toshi-otoko also means men who were born in the year of the same zodiac sign (symbolic animal) with that of the current year.

特に茶道において戸外で茶を点てる（たてる）ことをこのように呼ぶ。
Especially in Sado, making tea outdoor is called Nodate.

男性用の和服では縫いつけられており、縫いつけた部分を人形と呼ぶ。
Furiyatsukuchi are closed in the male kimono, and the closed parts are called Ningyo.

つゆと呼ぶと、つけ麺などに用いる調味料を指すことが一般的である。
In general, the term 'Tsuyu' indicates the seasoning used for eating 'Tsukemen' (noodles eaten with dipping broth) and so on.

フタ付きの物を「樽」、フタ無しの物を「桶」と呼ぶと言う説もある。
Some say that the one with a lid is called 'taru' and the one without a lid 'oke.'

狩野派や琳派など日本の伝統的美意識や技法を引き継いだ画家を呼ぶ。
It refers to painters who succeed Japanese traditional sense of beauty and technique of Kano school or Rinpa school.

寄席や演芸場（ホールともいう）の興行で演じるプロを落語家と呼ぶ。
Professionals who perform rakugo in a show at a storytellers' hall or an entertainment hall are called rakugo-ka in Japanese.

地方によってはタコを入れた炊き込みご飯を桜飯と呼ぶところがある。
In some regions, takikomi gohan when served with octopus is called sakura meshi.

そこから寺院の住職が生活する建物を、特に方丈と呼ぶようになった。
As a result, the word hojo came to mean the construction in which a chief priest lived.

後に天台宗の密教を台密、対して東寺の密教を東密と呼ぶようになる。
Later, it became customary to call the Tendai sect-related Esoteric Buddhism Taimitsu, and Esoteric Buddhism at To-ji Temple as Tomitsu.

また柄に鬼の顔の飾りがついたものがあり、これを鬼面金剛杵と呼ぶ。
There is also one with an ornament of an ogre's face on a grip, which is called Kimen Kongosho (vajra with ogre-face).

日本に於いてはこうしたコモンズを「入会地（いりあいち）」と呼ぶ。
In Japan such commons are called 'iriaichi' (common land).

真言宗の密教を東密と呼ぶのに対し、天台宗の密教は台密と呼ばれる。
While Mikkyo of the Shingon Sect is called Tomitsu, that of the Tendai sect is called Taimitsu.

仏壇に、本尊を安置し荘厳されたものを、真宗では「御内仏」と呼ぶ。
A Honzon enshrined and decorated in the Buddhist altar is called 'Onaibutsu' in Shinshu.

前殿を外殿・礼殿・細殿・出殿・出居殿といい、後殿を内殿とも呼ぶ。
The front hall is referred to as Exterior Hall, 礼殿, 細殿, 出殿 or 出居殿, whereas the rear hall is referred to as the Interior Hall.

一部では中国茶の黒茶に近い発酵茶が製造されていて、漬物茶と呼ぶ。
In some parts of Japan, a fermented tea which is similar to the black tea of China, is produced and called Tsukemono-cha (漬物茶).

さらに紅絵に色を二、三色加えたものを紅摺絵（べにずりえ）と呼ぶ。
Furthermore, one with a few colors being added to Benie was called Benizurie.

神器の勾玉を璽（あるいは神璽）とも呼ぶため、「剣璽」と称される。
The jewel of the Imperial Treasures is referred to as the 'ji' of 'Kenji' (or 'Shinji' meaning 'divine jewel').

そのため「怪異を起こす存在」を妖怪と呼ぶようになったと考えられる。
Therefore, it is considered that the 'being that caused bizarre things' came to be called yokai.

この状態で市販されているものを墨汁（ぼくじゅう）または墨液と呼ぶ。
Sumi sold commercially in this state is called bokuju (liquid sumi ink) or sumijiru (liquid sumi ink).

定食を主として提供する飲食店を一般に定食屋、または大衆食堂と呼ぶ。
Restaurants mainly offering teishoku (set menus) are generally called 'teishoku-ya' (teishoku restaurant) or local eating places.

フライパンで作る照り焼きを区別して「鍋照り焼き」と呼ぶ場合もある。
Teriyaki dishes cooked by using a frying pan are sometimes called 'nabe teriyaki' ('nabe' means a pan.)

古代からこの国において不変と考えられる事象を示して呼ぶことが多い。
This term has been often used as a word indicating phenomena considered to be unchanged in this country since ancient times.

同じ食べ物を、はぎのもち（萩の餅）、またはおはぎ（御萩）とも呼ぶ。
Botamochi is sometimes called 'hagi no mochi' or 'ohagi'.

これを狸踊りと呼ぶのは、何かの勘違いから発生したものと考えられる。
The reason why this is called tanuki dance (raccoon dog dance) probably comes from some misunderstanding.

竃に架けるための鍔があり、それを羽根に例えて羽釜（はがま）と呼ぶ。
It has a brim that is set on a kamado (cooking stove), therefore it is called hagama (kama with wing).

転じて、その技術でつくられた家具、建具、調度類のことも指物と呼ぶ。
Accordingly, furniture, doors, and other household things made in such techniques are also referred to as sashimono.

京都などでは、竈（かまど）そのものを意味し、「おくどさん」と呼ぶ。
In Kyoto and so on, kudo means kamado itself and they call it 'Okudo san.'

仏教伝来後は聖の字があてられ、学徳の高い僧を聖と呼ぶようになった。
After Buddhism was introduced into Japan, a priest of high learning and virtue began to be called 'hijiri' (written in a Chinese character as '聖').

また、秋田県など一部の地方では「雅香」がなまった「がっこ」と呼ぶ。
It is called 'gakko,' a corrupted word of 'gako (elegant aroma),' in regions such as Akita Prefecture.

京都市民は京都御苑も含めて、単に「御所」（ごしょ）と呼ぶ事が多い。
Usually, the citizens of Kyoto refer to the Kyoto Gosho including the Kyoto Gyoen simply as 'Gosho.'

池の中に亭(亭子）を設けていたことから、亭子院と呼ぶようになった。
Because a tei (or teishi) (pavilion) was placed in the pond, the place became called Teiji-no-in.

ただし、他のものを納めていても同形のものは、すべて宝篋印塔と呼ぶ。
However, all the pagodas of the same shape, even if other things are stored in them, are called hokyoin-to pagodas.

これらと区別するため、本来のみりんを「本みりん」と呼ぶ場合もある。
In order to differentiate between these products, original mirin is sometimes called 'hon mirin.'

細身のものが多く、特に細いものを笹の葉に見立てて「笹琵琶」と呼ぶ。
There are Many slender types of biwa and the ones that are especially slender are called sasa biwa (named for its slender 'bamboo leaf' shape and a shorter, rounder-bodied instrument) because they resemble a bamboo leaf.

台湾語では、「肉酥」（バッソー）または「肉脯」（バッフー）と呼ぶ。
In Taiwanese (dialect), it is referred to as rou su (dried meat threads) or rou pu (dried meat threads).

それ以降の時期で単に葉が茂っている状態の桜を葉桜と呼ぶことはない。
Cherry trees with leaves after this season are not called Hazakura.

民間伝承では惧れと親しみをこめて雷神を「雷さま」と呼ぶことが多い。
In folk beliefs, Raijin is often called as 'Kaminari-sama' fearfully and endearingly.

今日、神社に納める金銭のことを「初穂料」と呼ぶのはこれに由来する。
Today, the money offered to Shrine is called 'hatsuho-ryo' (ceremony fee) which was derived from this.

このことから、例祭のことを例大祭（れいたいさい）と呼ぶことがある。
For that reason, reisai are sometimes called rei-taisai (regular grand festival).

また、仕込後期に穏やかに香気成分を生産する酵母を「後熟酵母」と呼ぶ。
The yeasts that mildly produce fragrant constituents in the late stage of the preparation process are called the 'ripening yeast.'

単に甘口のバーベキューソースを指してテリヤキソースと呼ぶ場合もある。
Simply, barbecue sauces with a sweet taste are sometimes referred to as teriyaki sauces.

践祚大嘗祭ともいい、「だいじょうさい」「おおむべのまつり」とも呼ぶ。
It is also called 'Senso Daijo-sai Festival,' 'Daijo-sai Festival' or 'Omube no matsuri Festival.'

またこれらに、蔦、茗荷、沢瀉、橘、柏の5つを加えて「十大紋」と呼ぶ。
In addition to these, five more crest designs, tsuta (ivy), myoga (a type of ginger), omodaka (arrowhead), tachibana (mandarin orange tree) and kashiwa (oak), make up Judaimon (the ten major family crests in Japan).

特に、砧打ちや板引などの加工を施した袙を「打衣」（うちぎぬ）と呼ぶ。
Akome which went through the process of kinutauchi (hammering the cloth) or itabiki (coating the cloth) is specifically called 'uchiginu.'

シカケとヒラキを連続させる型をシカケヒラキ（サシコミヒラキ）と呼ぶ。
The form of performing Shikake and Hiraki in succession is called Shikake-hiraki (or Sashikomi-hiraki).

北周の頃これを中国風に改良したものが日本で呼ぶところの縫腋袍である。
What was modified in a Chinese style around Northern Zhou Dynasty is what is called hoeki no ho in Japan.

大きく分けて半円形のものを「丸馬出」、方形のものを「角馬出」と呼ぶ。
Umadashis can be roughly classified into two categories; semicircular ones are called 'maruumadashi' and rectangular ones are called 'kakuumadashi.'

また、関東圏では単に〝カツ〟と呼ぶ時には、トンカツを指すことが多い。
In the Kanto area, when someone simply states 'Katsu,' it often refers to tonkatsu.

羊羹色：黒色などの衣類が、色あせて赤みを帯びた色を「羊羹色」と呼ぶ。
yokan color: when blackish clothes fade and get tinged with red, the color is called 'yokan color.'

万一だれかがそのように私に話しかけてきたなら、私は警官を呼ぶだろう。
If anyone were to talk to me like that, I would call a police.

このような場合を特に郡家（ぐうけ・ぐんげ・こおげ）と呼ぶこともある。
Such Gunga was sometimes called Guke/Gunge/Kooge.

出版社などビジネスの世界では漫画絵のことをしばしば「ポンチ絵」と呼ぶ。
In the business world like publishing companies, cartoon is often called 'ponchi-e.'

この洗濯方法を、洗い張り（あらいはり）または洗張（あらいはり）と呼ぶ。
This method is called Araihari.

鶏卵の卵白（白身）を雲、卵黄（黄身）を月に見立てたことから月見と呼ぶ。
The term 'Tsukimi' (literally meaning, enjoying the beautiful moon) comes from the appearance of a poached egg, namely the white of the egg is likened to a cloud, while the yellow yoke to the moon.

幹が2本のものを双幹、3本のものを三幹、五本以上のものを株立ちと呼ぶ。
Bonsai with two trunks are called Sokan (twin trunks), those with three trunks are called Sankan (triple trunks) and those with five or more trunks are called Kabudachi (clumps).

地元の人が「みこし」と呼ぶため、他地方の人からはよく神輿と間違われる。
This mikoshi-yatai, called 'mikoshi' by the local people, is often mistaken a different mikoshi (a portable shrine) with the identical pronunciation by those in other regions.

特に三曲の楽器三種をすべて合奏させることを三曲合わせ、三曲合奏と呼ぶ。
To play all three instruments of sankyoku in concert, in particular, is called sankyoku awase or sankyoku gasso.

ウロコ状の部分をcuticle（キューティクル：表皮構成物質）と呼ぶ。
The scalelike skin part is called the cuticle.

後布はその上辺に板や厚紙を入れた小台形の部分を持ち、これを腰板と呼ぶ。
The back cloth has a small trapezoidal part in which a plate or cardboard is placed at the upper hem, which is called a koshiita (back plate).

大衆_(仏教)の主力であり、衆徒のみを指して「大衆」と呼ぶ場合もある。
It was the main force of daishu (Buddhism), and in some cases the term 'daishu' refers only to shuto.

柄と刀身を貫いて固定するための小片を目釘、通すための穴を目釘穴と呼ぶ。
The small piece to pierce and fix the Tsuka (handle) to the body of blade is called Mekugi, and the hole for piercing called the Mekugi hole.

これを総称して、「伶楽」（れいがく）ないし「遠楽」（えんがく）と呼ぶ。
Generically, this is called 'Reigaku' or 'Engaku.'

十王にその後の3審を担当する3尊を加えて十三王（本地は十三仏）と呼ぶ。
In addition to Juo, three kings, who deal with the additional three trials, are considered 13 kings (in Honji [original ground or true nature], they are Jusanbutsu [13 Buddha]).

日本では、切石から造像した、移動可能なものを「石仏」と呼ぶ傾向が強い。
In Japan, the statues which are made of stone and possible to be moved are often called 'stone Buddhist image.'

唐を経由して伝来したものを左方舞（左舞）と言い、伴奏音楽を唐楽と呼ぶ。
The Bugaku introduced via Tang is called Sahomai dance (Samai dance), and its accompanying music is called Togaku music.

後に近衛、鷹司、九条、二条、一条の5家を「五摂家」と呼ぶようになった。
Later, the five families, the Konoe, the Takatsukasa, the Kujo, the Nijo, and the Ichijo, were called 'Go Sekke' (five branches of the Fujiwara family).

また近世以降少女または女性をいやしめて呼ぶときにも尼という語を用いた。
Additionally, in recent times the word 'ama' was used in reference to a prostitute girl or woman.

妻中央の、やや外側に飛び出し棟へ達する柱を宇豆柱（うずばしら）と呼ぶ。
The pillar that is placed at the center of each tsuma side, a little outside of the wall, and that reaches the ridge is called the Uzu-bashira pillar.

カレーライスのうち、飯の上にかける汁をカレーソース (調味料)と呼ぶ。
In curry and rice, a sauce that is poured over rice is called a curry sauce (seasoning).

雅楽で用いられる箏を「楽箏（「がくごと」または「がくそう」）」と呼ぶ。
Soh which is used in gagaku is specifically called 'gaku-goto' or 'gaku-Soh.'

俗に、禁錮刑・懲役刑の執行猶予期間のことを「お弁当」と呼ぶ場合がある。
Vulgarly, the suspended time of imprisonment or prison terms are sometimes called 'Obento.'

主となる天ぷらの種類によって「海老天丼」「穴子天丼」等と呼ぶ事もある。
Tendon is sometimes distinguished by the main ingredient; ebi-tendon is topped with shrimp, and anago-tendon is topped with sea eel.

これを菊五郎劇団・吉右衛門劇団・猿之助劇団と対比して関西歌舞伎と呼ぶ。
This art form is called Kansai Kabuki in contrast to the Kikugoro troupe, Kichiemon troupe and Ennosuke troupe.

雅楽では、笙（しょう）、龍笛（りゅうてき）と篳篥をまとめて三管と呼ぶ。
In gagaku, Sho (Japanese flute), Ryuteki flute, and the Hichiriki flute are collectively called Sankan or three Instruments.

稀に「ウナギのゴボウ巻き」（京都料理の八幡巻）をう巻きと呼ぶこともある。
It is rare, but 'unagi no gobo maki' (eel rolled with burdock root) (yawata maki in Kyoto cuisine) may also be called umaki.

身頃（みごろ）身頃は、右の前身頃・左の前身頃・後身頃をまとめて呼ぶ言葉。
Migoro collectively indicates the right-hand Maemigoro and the left-hand Maemigoro.

これに、同じく盲人音楽家たちの専門である地歌・箏曲を合わせて三曲と呼ぶ。
Music including Kokyu-gaku as well as Jiuta songs and So music, both of which were also specialties for blind musicians, is called Sangyoku.

関西方面（特に近畿地方）の年配者には稲荷寿司を「しのだ」と呼ぶ人もいる。
Some elderly people in the Kansai region (especially in the Kinki area) call Inarizushi 'Shinoda.'

また、ラーメンにおいてもスープで割る前のタレの事をかえしと呼ぶ事がある。
The sauce used before mixing with soup for ramen (Chinese soup noodles) may also be called kaeshi.

なお、天皇を除く皇后、皇太子その他の皇族に関しては参拝と呼ぶのが正しい。
It is yet correct to use the word sanpai for the imperial family except the emperor such as the empress and the crown prince.

垂れとは逆の端も幅が半分になるように折って結んだものを神田結びとも呼ぶ。
An obi knot that is tied by folding the edges (tare) of both ends of the obi in half widthwise is also called a kandamusubi knot.

これ以来、山へ残った円仁派を山門派、三井寺へ入った円珍派を寺門派と呼ぶ。
Since then, the Ennin School, which remained on the mountain, was referred to as the Sanmon School, and the Enchin School, which entered Mii-dera Temple, was referred to as the Jimon School.

そして鎌倉時代になると、修験道の山伏（山伏）をも天狗と呼ぶようになった。
During the Kamakura period, the Yamabushi monks of Shugendo were also called Tengu.

脇差の中でも60cmに近い刃長を持つものを特に小太刀または長脇差と呼ぶ。
Wakizashi with almost 60cm long blade is especially called Kodachi (shorter tachi) or Naga-wakizashi (longer wakizashi).

中国では、直接鬼と呼ぶのはタブーであることから、婉曲して好兄弟ともいう。
Because in China it is taboo to call upon Oni directly, it is also euphemistically called Good Brothers.

狂言方が担当する役を「アイ」もしくは「間狂言（あいきょうげん）」と呼ぶ。
The role played by a Noh farce pro is called an 'interlude (Ai)' or 'comic interlude in Noh (Ai kyogen) '.

団地萌え：工場萌えなどと同様、団地そのものを趣味の対象にすることを呼ぶ。
Danchi-moe (danchi love): Similar to 'kojo-moe' (factory love), this word refers to people who have a deep fascination with danchi.

珠の数え方には、「○○珠」以外にも「○○玉」や「○○顆」と呼ぶ事がある。
As for a unit in counting the number of beads, '... ball' (玉, tama) or '... grain' (顆, ka) are also used other than '... bead' (珠, tama).

区別するためこちらを出水の酒船石、もう一方を岡の酒船石と呼ぶことがある。
To distinguish, one may be referred to as Sakefuneishi of Demizu while the other Sakefuneishi of Oka.

一方若芽を軟白し、弱光で薄紅色に着色させたものを「みょうがたけ」と呼ぶ。
However, the sprouts, which have been etiolated and become pink-colored in the weak light, are called Myoga-take.

ひんぱんに吐血する場合は、救急車を呼ぶか、近くの内科医に往診してもらう。
If you frequently spit-up blood you should call an ambulance or have a nearby physician make a house call.

なお、羽林大将軍、親衛大将軍、虎牙大将軍といった唐名で呼ぶこともあった。
Konoe no daisho was sometimes called by its Tang name Urin taishogun, Shinei taishogun or Koga taishogun.

他の花の咲く植物全般に対して、桜のみを特に区別して「観桜」と呼ぶ事がある。
Among flowering plants, viewing cherry blossoms are exceptionally called 'Kano' in some cases.

日光市のいろは坂のような坂道を「つづら折り」と呼ぶのも、これが語源である。
The reason why sloping roads such as Iroha-zaka Slope in Nikko City are called 'tsuzuraori' (winding road) comes from this characteristic of Tsuzurafuji.

狭義には明治以降のものであるが、それ以前のものにも拡張して呼ぶことがある。
Nihon-ga is narrowly defined as those paintings created after the Meiji period but it sometimes also refers those before that period.

管絃向けに双調、黄鐘調に編曲されたものを「鳥」という曲名で呼ぶこともある。
This piece is also called 'Tori' (bird) when is arranged for wind and string music in the key of So (which closely corresponds to G major in Western music) or the key of Oshiki (which closely corresponds to A minor in Western music).

床下には10列×4列の柱を建て、その上に台輪（だいわ）と呼ぶ水平材を置く。
Horizontal materials called 'daiwa' (architraves) are placed on 10 x 4 columns built under a floor.

鶏肉以外の場合は、「蛸のザンギ」など材料名を付して呼ぶことが一般的である。
When ingredients other than chicken are used, the dish is normally referred to by the name of the ingredient used, such as 'Octopus zangi.'

カビを用いて乾燥させた節を枯節と呼ぶが、このカビは当初自然発生させていた。
At first, the fungus, with which katsuobushi was seasoned into karebushi, was generated spontaneously.

材質はすべて象牙でできたものを第一とし、それを「丸撥」（まるばち）と呼ぶ。
As for the materials, those made entirely of ivory are considered best, and they're called 'marubachi' (rounded plectra).

また上方舞のうち、京都で発展した井上流、篠塚流を京舞（きょうまい）と呼ぶ。
In kamigatamai, the Inoue and Shinozuka Schools, developed in Kyoto, are specifically called Kyomai (Kyoto dance).

その中でも数字が重なる5月5日を「端午の節句」と呼ぶようになったともいう。
Especially because the day May 5 consists of two fives, the day came to be called as 'Tango no sekku.'

糸巻きには糸が3回りだけ残っていたので、「三輪」と呼ぶようになったという。
As there were only three rolls ('miwa,' literally 'three rings') of thread left on the spool, the place where the other end of the thread was found got the name of 'Miwa.'

そのような高級な茎茶のことを特に雁ヶ音（かりがね）、白折（しらおれ）と呼ぶ。
Such a high-grade tea is especially called Karigane or Shiraore twig tea.

予祝芸能に対し、災害を取り除く意味合いの強いものを除災芸能と呼ぶことがある。
In contrast to Yoshuku Geino, the traditional performing arts that emphasize warding off disasters are sometimes called Josai Geino (public entertainment for removal of disasters).

酒粕に残っている酒母は、パンなどの発酵に転用することもできる（酒種と呼ぶ）。
Yeast mash left in sakekasu can also be used to ferment bread (it is called sakadane).

武家の元服の儀式で新成人（烏帽子子）の後見人を勤める者を「烏帽子親」と呼ぶ。
The person who takes the role as a guardian for a new adult (eboshi-go) at samurai family's ceremony of attaining manhood is called 'eboshi-oya.'

回転移動による場面転換を強盗返と区別する場合には盆廻し（ぼんまわし）と呼ぶ。
The scene change by rotatinal move is called 'bonmawashi' (tray rotation) when to distingush from 'gando gaeshi.'

折り紙のうち、はさみを使用せず、正方形の紙一枚だけを用いた折り紙をこう呼ぶ。
Only a sheet of square paper is used for it without using scissors.

それらを組み合わせ、一つの作品を作りあげる折り紙作品をユニット折り紙と呼ぶ。
It consists of putting those pieces together to make a complete model.

転じて機関車そのもの（電機、ディーゼル機関車を含め）をカマと呼ぶことがある。
Steam locomotive itself (also including electric and diesel locomotives) is sometimes called kama.

縫い合わされた布が水田のように見えることから、袈裟を福田衣と呼ぶことがある。
Because pieces of cloth sewn together look like paddy fields, it is sometimes called Fukudenne (lucky paddy field clothing).

九州の方言で「兵児帯」（へこおび）と呼ぶのは「へのこ」（陰茎の意）からくる。
'Hekoobi' (meaning 'an undress belt') in Kyushu dialect is a word derived from 'henoko' (meaning 'penis').

室町時代以後、天皇より上人号の綸旨を受けた者を「上人」と呼ぶ慣習が生まれた。
Subsequent to the Muromachi period, there was a custom of calling monks 'Shonin,' specifically those who had received rinji (the Emperor's command) of the Shonin title.

現代の分類では刃長60cm以上のものを指し、60cm未満のものは脇差と呼ぶ。
In modern classification, blade length is 60cm and longer, and the one shorter than 60cm is called Wakizashi.

（特にアメリカ合衆国ドルを抱えたものを “dollar cat” と呼ぶ）。
(Particularly, one holding a U.S. dollar coin is called 'a dollar cat.')

近世にはいると、「薄様」の名も消えて、雁皮紙をすべて鳥の子と呼ぶようになる。
In the recent times, the term 'usu-yo' disappeared and all ganpishi came to be called torinoko.

ただし、現在では神霊などを祀る儀式と関わりのない催事を「祭」と呼ぶ場合もある。
However, events irrelevant to ceremonies worshipping divine spirits and so on are sometimes called 'matsuri' at present.

日本語で穴のことを口と呼ぶことがあり、特に和服等の衣類用語では一般に口を使う。
Openings are called Kuchi in Japanese, and particularly in the terminology of Wafuku, openings are generally called Kuchi.

これも「おばけ」などと呼ぶほか、白く透明な外見から「おば雪」「花くじら」とも。
This food is also called 'Oba-ke,' and is further called 'Oba-yuki' (literally, Oba snow) or 'Hana-kujira' (literally, flower whale) because it looks white and transparent externally.

関東地方では、季節問わず時雨のような一時的な雨のことを通り雨と呼ぶことがある。
In Kanto region a temporal rain such as shigure is called a passing shower in all seasons.

鴟吻（鴟尾）は日本における鯱の原型とされ、雨を呼ぶ火災よけの呪物とされている。
The shifun (or shibi are ornamental tiles often seen atop the tiled ridgepoles of castles, placed as ornamentation and fire prevention) is thought to be a prototype of shachihoko (mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, which are auspicious protectors of well-being) and regarded as charms to bring the rain for fire prevention.

そして、平面が撥形・長方形・方形・台形などの突出部をひっくるめて前方部と呼ぶ。
And the projecting portion, whose plane surface is shaped like a plectrum, rectangle, square, trapezoid, etc., is collectively referred to as the square front.

この古墳群を大和古墳群と呼ぶのは、古墳群の西辺に大和神社が鎮座することによる。
The name of the Oyamato tumulus group originates in the fact that Oyamato-jinja Shrine is located on the western side of the tumulus group.

愛知県、広島県などでは、魚の練り物を揚げたものの総称として「はんぺん」と呼ぶ。
In Aichi and Hiroshima Prefectures, deep fried fish paste in general is called 'Hanpen.'

芸妓を「芸者」、見習を「半玉（はんぎょく）」・「雛妓（おしゃく）」などと呼ぶ。
Geigi is referred to as 'geisha,' whereas a trainee is referred to as 'hangyoku (child geisha)' or 'oshaku.'

以後京都で作曲された手事もの地歌を「京もの」「京流手事もの」と呼ぶようになる。
From then on, tegotomono jiuta written in Kyoto was called 'Kyomono' or 'Kyoryu tegotomono' (Kyoto-style tegotomono).

玄関に飾るものを玉飾りと呼び、台所やトイレなどに飾る略したものを輪じめと呼ぶ。
Those displayed in the entranceways of homes are called 'tamakazari,' those on display in the kitchen and bathrooms of a home are somewhat simpler and called 'wajime' (hoop ropes).

この場合の活人剣とは逆の意味で、自分から構えを取って斬り込むことを殺人剣と呼ぶ。
On the contrary, taking initiative while holding a sword in position is called Setsuninken in this context.

英語では soy-sauce といい、また大豆のことを soybean と呼ぶ。
In English, it is called the soy-sauce, and Daizu is called the soybean.

古くは口紅としても使われ、特に上質のものは京都で精製されたため「京紅」とも呼ぶ。
This was formerly used as a red cosmetic for the lips, and high-quality ones are specially called 'kyo-beni' because they are refined in Kyoto.

これらは、手事がない点が『千鳥の曲』とは違うが、五曲を総称して「古今組」と呼ぶ。
Although they are different from 'Chidori no Kyoku' for not including an instrumental intermezzo, the five music pieces are collectively referred to as 'Kokin-gumi.'

本来の筋にはない、演者によって挿入されたおかしみのある部分を「くすぐり」と呼ぶ。
The storyteller also sometimes inserts a humorous tale which is not seen in the original plot called a 'kusuguri.'

衣冠を「宿直（とのい）装束」と呼ぶのに対し、束帯は「昼（ひの）装束」と呼ばれる。
Ikan is called 'tonoi (nighttime) costume', whereas sokutai is called 'hino (daytime) costume'.

前布には襞(ひだ／ひだめ)を取り、通常外側から順に一の襞、二の襞、三の襞と呼ぶ。
The front cloth is pleated, and the pleats are usually called the first pleat, the second pleat and the third pleat starting from the outside.

アイヌ語で「テパ」(tepa)と呼ぶのも同じ語源からくるのではないかと思われる。
'Tepa' in the Ainu language seems to have shared the same origin with the ancient Japanese word 'tafusagi.'

蕎麦専門店だけではなく、うどんも提供する店もありこのような店も「蕎麦屋」と呼ぶ。
The term 'sobaya' (soba restaurant) includes restaurants that offer both soba and udon, in addition to those specialized in soba.

新しく収穫したソバの実で作った蕎麦粉を使用して作られた蕎麦をあえて新蕎麦と呼ぶ。
Buckwheat noodles made from a new crop of buckwheat berries are specifically referred to as shin soba.

但し、南都楽所では一人舞の場合は曲名を「納曽利」、二人舞の場合は「落蹲」と呼ぶ。
In Nanto gakusho, however, the piece is called 'Nasori' in hitorimai and 'Rakuson' in futarimai.

人工的なものでも砂紋と呼ぶことがあるが、多くは自然現象によって生じたものをさす。
Although artificial undulations are also sometimes called samon, the samon usually refer to natural ones.

身欠き処理のあと、身を三枚に下ろすが、この作業のことを「磨き」と呼ぶことがある。
After the 身欠き (migaki) process, the fish are filleted into three pieces, which is sometimes called '磨き' (migaki).

中でも老衰やそれに伴う多臓器不全などの自然死による他界を大往生と呼ぶことが多い。
Death due to a natural cause, such as succumbing to old age and particularly multiple organ failure due to old age, is often referred to as a peaceful death.

たたら吹き日本刀の材料となる鋼を和鋼（わこう）もしくは玉鋼（たまはがね）と呼ぶ。
Tatara-buki method; the type of steel used to make a Japanese sword is called Japanese steel or Tamahagane.

ただし、将官級の軍人が死亡した場合はどのような形で死亡してもこう呼ぶことがある。
However, death of an officer who has the title of general or upper ranks is referred to as sange regardless of how he died.

このため、古くからの温泉地というだけでは温泉旅館はお客を呼ぶことは難しくなった。
For this reason, onsen-ryokan are no longer attractive enough to lure tourists merely because they are at old traditional onsen resorts.

城内で最大の櫓 (城郭)とみられることがあり、大櫓や天守櫓などと呼ぶ城もあった。
Tenshu was sometimes regarded as the largest Yagura (turret) in a castle and in some castles was called Oyagura (big turret) or Tenshu-Yagura turret.

但し、一つの敷地内に複数の工場棟が存在する場合に工業団地とは呼ぶことは稀である。
However, it is rare that sites containing multiple factory buildings are referred to as 'kogyo danchi.'

伝統的な職人の技術をベースに洋風要素を採り入れたこれらのものを擬洋風建築と呼ぶ。
The western-style buildings that Japanese craftsmen built based on their traditional techniques are called Gi-yofu-kenchiku (literally, 'quasi-western-style buildings').

欧米化が普及した今日、床の間や和室のない住宅であっても、西洋館と呼ぶことはない。
Things in Japan have become increasingly Westernized now and houses lacking tokonoma (the alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed) and a Japanese-style tatami room would not be called seiyo-kan buildings anymore.

側面中央の、壁面より外側に飛び出し棟へ達する柱を棟持柱（むなもちばしら）と呼ぶ。
The pillars at the center of each side, a little outside of the wall, and reaching the ridge are called Munamochi-bashira (literally, ridge-supporting pillar).

菊紋の名称を表す場合、例えば、花の場合では10の花びらがあるのなら、十菊と呼ぶ。
To describe the name of Kikumon, the flower, for example, with ten petals is called Jukiku.

ただし、今日の歴史学では東山文化と合わせて「室町文化」と呼ぶのが一般的だという。
However, it is said that in today's view of history the general term is to include it in 'Muromachi culture' together with Higashiyama culture.

戦国時代には音による意味の区別が薄れ、「たいめい」と呼ぶことが多かったとされる。
In the Warring States period, the distinction by pronunciation weakened, and it is thought that 'taimei' was common.

「貴族」に対し、六位以下無位までの者を「地下」（ぢげ）もしくは「地下人」と呼ぶ。
In contrast to 'the nobility,' those who were of Sixth Rank or lower to no rank were called 'Jige' or 'Jigenin.'

なお、太政官の会議が外記庁の施設を用いて行われる場合があり、これを外記政と呼ぶ。
Meetings of Daijokan were sometimes held in the building of Gekicho and those meetings were called Gekisei.

羽林郎将、親衛郎将、羽林中郎将、亜将、虎賁中郎将といった唐名で呼ぶこともあった。
Konoe no shosho was sometimes called by its Tang name Urinrosho, Shineirosho, Urinchurosho, Asho or Kohon churosho.

にゅうめんをよく食べる地域では、冷たいものを「冷や素麺」と区別して呼ぶ場合もある。
In regions where nyumen is frequently eaten, cold nyumen are sometimes called 'hiya somen,' literally meaning cold somen, for distinction.

関東一本締めと呼ぶ人もいるが手締めの「一丁締め」を知らなく、混同している方が多い。
Some people call it 'Kanto ippon-jime' but there are many who are unaware of 'iccho-jime' and confuse the two.

太鼓の奏法である複式複打法を用いる演奏形態（組太鼓形式）を祭囃子と呼ぶ地域もある。
In some regions the performance style of playing Japanese 'taiko' drums from both sides is included as part of Matsuribayashi.

日本酒を加熱したものを燗酒と呼ぶこともあるが、燗が行われるのは日本酒だけではない。
Warmed Japanese sake is called kanzake, too, but Japanese sake is not the only alcoholic beverage which is warmed up.

これは、柔らかく豆腐状の食品を「-豆腐」と呼ぶ為で、杏仁豆腐などと同じ理由である。
This is because soft tofu-like foods often include 'tofu' (or 'dofu') in their names, just as almond jelly is called annin dofu.

近代以前の作家にはこの言葉を用いないので狩野永徳や雪舟を日本画家と呼ぶことはない。
Since this term is not used for painters before modern times, Eitoku KANO and SESSHU are not called Japanese-style painters.

拵には時代や地方によって共通した特徴を持つ一群があり、それらを分類して～拵と呼ぶ。
Koshirae is classified into several groups having common features according to a period or region, each of which is called xx koshirae.

なお流儀内に、さらに芸の相違によって小グループができる場合にはこれを「派」と呼ぶ。
When one ryugi is further divided into small groups by differences in techniques, each of such small groups is called 'ha' (faction).

シテが超自然的な存在を演じる曲を夢幻能、シテが現実の人間を演じる曲を現在能と呼ぶ。
A Noh play in which the protagonist plays the role of a supernatural entity is called a fantasy Noh, while a Noh play in which the protagonist plays the role of a realistic human is called a modern Noh.

日本語では、争いの耐えない状況を修羅道に例えて修羅場（しゅらば）と呼ぶ場合もある。
In Japanese, the situation with constant conflicts is sometimes called shuraba, using an analogy from Ashura precept (pandemonium).

通常よく知られている鰹節はカビまで生やしたものであるが、いずれも広くは鰹節と呼ぶ。
The commonly known katsuobushi is the last one, but in a broad sense all the above-mentioned three are called katsuobushi.

また、プロ野球において、両打ち（スイッチヒッター）の選手を二刀流と呼ぶことがある。
A switch-hitter is sometimes called nito-ryu in professional baseball.

府中市 (広島県)では豚バラ肉の代わりに挽肉肉や細切れ肉を入れ「府中焼き」と呼ぶ。
In Fuchu City (Hiroshima Prefecture), ground meat or minced meat are added instead of pork back ribs and it is called 'Fuchu yaki' (Japanese pancake).

この姿から、かつて日本各地で乳幼児に着用させた菱形の腹掛けもまた「金太郎」と呼ぶ。
Based on this figure, rhombic bibs used for babies and toddlers all over Japan were also called 'Kintaro.'

また、祭りなどにおいて多量の馬を使用する場合もあり、一時的に神馬と呼ぶ場合もある。
Occasionally, when many horses are used at festivals and other events, they are temporarily called shinme.

松浦清の著書『甲子夜話』では、厠で加牟波理入道の名を呼ぶと入道の頭が現れたという。
'Kasshibyawa' written by Kiyoshi MATSUURA contains a tale that, when a person called the name of Kanbari Nyudo in the toilet, the head of Nyudo appeared.

また、1月20日までを正月とすることもあり、1月20日を二十日正月（骨正月）と呼ぶ。
For some people, shogatsu refers to a period from January 1st to January 20th, and January 20th is called hatsuka- (20th of a month) shogatsu (hone- [bone] shogatsu).

これにより舞妓の装束を身につけた一般人を観光舞妓（かんこうまいこ）と呼ぶ場合もある。
Ordinary people thus dressed up like maiko girls are often called 'kanko maiko' (tourist maiko).

鶏肉のそぼろ（この地方の方言で鶏肉をかしわと呼ぶ）をうどんの上に散らしたものである。
Kashiwa Udon is topped with minced chicken meat boiled and seasoned with soy sauce (chicken meat is called Kashiwa in the dialect of this region).

そこで洋服と区別するために、以前「着物」と呼んでいた服を「和服」と呼ぶようになった。
In order to differentiate the clothes that had been called 'Kimono' from the western clothes, the word 'Wafuku' was coined.

そのためもあり特に、中国の擦弦楽器である二胡、高胡などを俗に胡弓と呼ぶことすらある。
Therefore, even Chinese stringed instruments erhu (two-stringed Chinese instrument played with a bow) and gaohu (Chinese bowed string instrument developed from the erhu) are sometimes commonly called Kokyu.

分ける三段階を、初めから初添（はつぞえ）、仲添（なかぞえ）、留添（とめぞえ）と呼ぶ。
Three steps are called hatsuzoe (the first step), nakazoe (second step), and tomezoe (third step).

八橋検校作曲と伝えられる箏曲組歌『梅ヶ枝』の別名として「千鳥の曲」と呼ぶ場合もある。
A koto kumiuta 'Umegae' allegedly composed by Yatsuhashi Kengyo is also occasionally called 'Chidori no Kyoku.'

暦法の細部を問題にしないときはグレゴリオ暦以前の暦法をまとめて旧暦と呼ぶことも多い。
Thus, when detailed calendar rules do not matter, the former calendar rules are often summarized as the old calendar.

「お囃子」の４種と、追加された打楽器をまとめて「鳴物」(なりもの)と呼ぶことが多い。
The four ohayashi instruments, and the percussion instruments that were additionally played are often collectively called 'narimono' (musical instruments).

現在は、省略して単に蕎麦と呼ぶことが多いが、「蕎麦切り」の呼称が残る地域も存在する。
Today, it is commonly referred to as soba for short but the term 'sobakiri' still remains in existence in some areas.

三段四節、鼓はノリ拍子、笛はアシライを吹き、太鼓はイノリ地と呼ぶ特殊な手組みを打つ。
It is made up of three acts and four melody parts and the tsuzumi player plays noribyoshi, the fue player, Ashirai, and taiko player, special tegumi (the rhythmic patterns of sound combinations of instrument and human voice) called inori-ji.

主珠の間に挟まれている、主球より小さい四つの珠の事を「四天珠（してんだま）」と呼ぶ。
4 beads which are smaller than Omodama and lie between Omodama are called 'Shitendama.'

雅楽の「楽箏」に対し、近世の箏曲は「俗箏（「ぞくそう」または「ぞくごと」）」と呼ぶ。
While Soh music of gagaku was called 'gaku-Soh,' Soh music in the pre-modern times was called 'zoku-Soh' (or zokugoto) (modern Sho music).

九州の一部では、このように「トウガラシ」のことを「胡椒」と呼ぶ地域が少なからずある。
In various regions of Kyushu, 'chili pepper' is referred to as 'kosho.'

その年初めて獲れた野菜や海産物、狩の獲物を神仏に供えるものも初穂と呼ぶようになった。
Vegetables, seafoods or hunted animals which are gained and presented to Shinto and Buddhist deities at the beginning of the year were also called hatsuho.

鈴を打つ際に用いる棒を、「鈴棒」（りんぼう）、「撥」（ばち）、「倍」（ばい）と呼ぶ。
The stick, which is used to beat a rin, is called 'rinbo', 'bachi' or 'bai'.

内舎人から選抜された者が摂政、関白の随身を務めたこともあり、これを内舎人随身と呼ぶ。
Once, members selected from Udoneri served as attendants on Sessho and Kanpaku as Udonerizuishin.

江戸期以降火縄銃の射的に使用された木製の標的板の中央の黒点を「星」と呼ぶ習慣があった。
After the Edo period the central black point of a wooden target board used for target practice of hinawaju was called 'hoshi' as a custom.

また、糸状に固めたものを糸こんにゃく、糸こんにゃくより細く固めたものをしらたきと呼ぶ。
In addition, konnyaku in thread-like form is called ito konnyaku (konnyaku noodles), and the one formed more thinly than ito konnyaku is known as shirataki (literally, white waterfall).

なお今日、深い学識・見識を持つ人を「有識者（ゆうしきしゃ）」と呼ぶのはその名残である。
Today, people with deep knowledge and insight are called 'yushiki-sha,' which is a legacy of this.

これを水酸化ナトリウムで中和し、諸味とともに仕込み熟成を経る方法を「混合醸造」と呼ぶ。
The method to neutralize this by sodium hydroxide and make it mature with moromi is called the 'mixed fermented method.'

インテリアとして、折り紙やビーズを糸の先につけて飾った物を吊るし飾りと呼ぶ場合もある。
Tsurushi kazari sometimes refers to interior decorations using origami paper crafts or beads hung at the tip of a string.

逆に、日本の揚げ煎餅の類を「仙貝シエンベイ xiānbèi」と音訳で呼ぶ場合がある。
In contrast, there is such a case as the Japanese fried senbei and similar snacks which are phonetically transliterated as 'xianbei' (仙貝).

シテ方宝生流と区別して下掛宝生流（略して「下宝生」「下宝」または「ワキ宝」）とも呼ぶ。
It is also called the Shimogakari Hosho school ('Shimohosho,' 'Shimoho' or 'Wakiho' for short) to differentiate from the Shite-kata (main roles) Hosho school.

またフグは棘を持つ皮で覆われているが、皮から棘を除去する作業のことを「皮むき」と呼ぶ。
Also, pufferfish have an outer skin with spines and the process to remove these spines from the skin is called 'kawamuki.'

遺族は、死者の追善を7日ごとに49日間行うものとされ、この期間を中有または中陰と呼ぶ。
The surviving members of the family are supposed to observe a ceremony as a memorial for the dead every seven days for a 49 day period and the period is called Chuu (a period of mourning lasting seven weeks) or Chuin.

「初七日」を「一七日（いちなのか）」「一日七日（いっかなのか）」などと呼ぶ地域もある。
In some regions, 'Shonanoka' is called 'Ichinanoka' (literally, one seven day) or 'Ikkananoka' (literally, one day and seven day).

また、尼の中にも勧進活動に加わるものもおり、これを勧進比丘尼（かんじんびくに）と呼ぶ。
Some nuns who participated in kanjin activities were called kanjin bikuni.

旧暦の8月15日を「中秋」と呼ぶため「中秋の名月（ちゅうしゅうのめいげつ）」ともいう。
August 15th of the old calendar is called 'Chushu (中秋),' so it is also called 'Chushu no Meigetsu (中秋の名月).'

朝鮮半島（高麗）を経由して伝来したものを右方舞（右舞）と言い、伴奏音楽を高麗楽と呼ぶ。
The Bugaku introduced via the Korean Peninsula (Goryeo) is called Uhomai dance (Umai dance), and its accompanying music is called Komagaku music.

観弥勒菩薩上生兜率天経、弥勒下生経、弥勒大成仏経の3本で弥勒三部経と呼ぶことがある。
観弥勒菩薩上生兜率天経, Maitreyavyakaranas, 弥勒大成仏経 are in some cases called Miroku sanbukyo.

このソロ演奏は、その楽曲の龍笛パートのリーダー（音頭、または主管とも呼ぶ）が担当する。
The leader of the Ryuteki flute players in the composition, called Ondo or Shukan, takes charge of this solo performance.

しかし、地域によってはやきとんを含めた肉の串焼き料理全般を「焼き鳥」と呼ぶこともある。
In some areas, however, the whole grilled skewered meat dish including yakiton is sometimes called 'yakitori.'

唐（胡）から渡来したものだから「唐山水」と呼ぶべきだとして呼ばれる字と推測されている。
Because it was introduced from China during the Tang Dynasty, it should be called, 'Karasansui (Tang Dynasty landscape)' and the kanji characters were inferred.

柱は手前側のものを勝手柱（左）・客柱（右）と呼び、奥側は角柱（左）・向柱（右）と呼ぶ。
The front posts are called katte bashira (left side) and kyaku bashira (right side), and the rear ones are called kaku bashira (left side) and mukai bashira (right side).

中世以降、伊勢神宮の神嘗祭に対する奉幣のことを特に例幣（れいへい）と呼ぶようになった。
After the medieval ages, the hobei ritual at Kanname-sai festival held at Ise-jingu Shrine was given the special name of reihei.

ところが靖国神社は存在しない絶対神の天皇の存在を前提として、彼らを英霊と呼ぶのである。
However, Yasukuni-jinja Shrine calls them eirei on the presumption that the non-existent absolute god-emperor exists.

これにより、その神社を代表する重要な祭を「例祭」と呼ぶことが定着していたことがわかる。
This indicates that the custom of using 'reisei' to describe a shrine's most important festival is firmly established.

これをウナギ属 Anguilla に属する他の魚と区別してニホンウナギと呼ぶこともある。
In order to distinguish it from other fish that belong to genus Anguilla, it may be called Japanese eel.

そのことにより、同店はひつまぶしと呼ぶが、それ以外の店はひつまむしとしか呼べなくなった。
Therefore, 'Atsuta Horaiken' can call it 'hitsumabushi', but all other restaurants have to call it 'hitsumamushi'.

ハムやベーコンなどを具材としたケチャップライスのことをチキンライスと呼ぶ例も散見される。
Sometimes dishes containing ham or bacon are called chicken rice.

こうなった部分を、枝で起こったものを神（ジン）、幹で起こったものを舎利（シャリ）と呼ぶ。
If this happens on a branch, this part is called Jin, and if it happens on the trunk it is called Shari.

但しマスコミにおいては、これに従わず、平仮名の「さま」をつけて「さま」と呼ぶことが多い。
However, not following this custom, the mass media often addresses them by adding the suffix 'sama' (an honorary title) in hiragana at the end of their names.

応量器は主に曹洞宗の呼び方で、臨済宗では持鉢（じはつ）、黄檗宗では自鉢（じはつ）と呼ぶ。
The term 'oryoki' is mainly used by the Soto Zen sect, while in the Rinzai Zen sect it is called 'jihatsu' (written in Chinese characters as '持鉢' (or '自鉢' in Rinzai Zen's Obaku school)).

能は、シテ方が中心となって行われるため、ワキ方、囃子方、狂言方を総称して「三役」と呼ぶ。
Because a Noh play is centered on the protagonist (Shite), the Nohwaki, the musicians and the Noh jester (Kyogenkata) are generically called, 'the three key characters (Sanyaku)'.

また、日本では西国三十三箇所、坂東三十三箇所、秩父三十四箇所を合わせて日本百観音と呼ぶ。
In Japan, the Saigoku Sanjusankasho (thirty-three temples for pilgrimage in the western region), Bando Sanjusankasho (thirty-three temples for pilgrimage in the Kanto region) and Chichibu Sanjuyonkasho (thirty-four temples for pilgrimage in the Chichibu area) are together called the hundred Kannon Temples (after the Deity of Mercy).

釈迦を本師釈迦如来大和尚と、ボーディダルマを初祖菩提達磨大師、臨済を宗祖臨済大師と呼ぶ。
It calls Sakyamuni the Original Teacher Venerable Sakyamuni Buddha, Bodhidharma the First Ancestor and Great Teacher Bodhidharma, and RINZAI the Founder and Great Teacher Rinzai.

ただし、背脂醤油系のことをこってりと呼ぶ人も多く、それほど厳密に使われている訳ではない。
However, its meaning is not concerete as many people still call the soy sauce with backfat type the 'thick type.'

これは、「東夷・西戎・南蛮・北狄」と呼ぶ、中華思想の「四夷」をあてはめたためと思われる。
It is thought that this was an adaptation of the Sinocentrism of 'Shii' (four barbarians), 'toi, seiju, namban and hokuteki.'

彼女が一つ目のグラスを持ち上げたら、水がそこらじゅうにこぼれて店長を呼ぶことになったわ。
After she picked up the first glass and water went all over the place, she called the boss out.

その規模が大きく、地域を挙げて行われているような行事の全体を指して「祭」と呼ぶこともある。
Its scale was big, and the whole of event held across the region is sometimes called 'matsuri.'

和菓子の中にも、「そば餅」などと、日本で一般的に饅頭と呼ぶ物を「餅」と呼んでいる例がある。
In Japanese cakes, there are examples of kinds of food which are called 'mochi' such as 'soba-mochi' and which are generally called manju (dumpling) in Japan.

地歌・箏曲とともに発展し、当道座の盲人音楽家によって伝承されてきた胡弓音楽を胡弓楽と呼ぶ。
The Kokyu music that has evolved together with Jiuta songs and So music and has been handed down to subsequent generations by blind musicians at Todo-za is called Kokyu-gaku.

本来「ジャポニスム」と呼ぶのが一般的だが、ここでは便宜上「ジャポニズム」に表記を統一する。
Japonism is commonly pronounced 'Japonism' as opposed to 'Japonisme,' and this is the term used throughout this article for convenience.

一方で前者は主に近畿で「長命寺餅」、後者は主に関東で「道明寺」あるいは「道明寺餅」と呼ぶ。
Conversely, the former type is known as 'Chomeiji mochi' mainly in the Kinki region, while the latter is known as 'Domyoji' or Domyoji mochi' mainly in the Kanto region.

瓦を屋根に施工することを瓦を葺くといい、その施工に携わる業者を瓦葺き職人と呼ぶことがある。
Laying Kawara tiles on a roof is called 'Kawara wo fuku,' and workmen who are in charge of tile roofing are sometimes called 'Kawara buki' workmen.

また、この時既に善統親王は84歳であり、「若宮」と呼ぶべき実子の存在を疑問視する説もある。
On this occasion, however, Imperial Prince Yoshimune was already 84 years old, and therefore some are skeptical about the hypothesis that he had a biological son called 'Wakamiya' (a young imperial prince).

手打ち蕎麦を製麺する専門的な技術を習得した者を蕎麦職人（そばしょくにん）と呼ぶことがある。
Persons who have mastered professional skills to make soba by hand are sometimes referred to as soba chefs.

サンスクリットでは同タイトルの『無量寿経』と区別して『小スカーバティービューハ』とも呼ぶ。
In order to distinguish it from 'Muryoju-kyo sutra' (Sutra of Immeasurable Life) whose title is same in Sanskrit, it's also called 'Smaller Sukharvativyuha Sutra.'

仏壇内部は基本的に三段になっており、中の一番高い中央の檀を「須弥壇（しゅみだん）」と呼ぶ。
Inside of butsudan is composed of three platforms, the highest of which in the center is called 'shumidan.'

白飯の真ん中に梅干しをのせただけの弁当を、日本の国旗（日章旗）に見立てて日の丸弁当と呼ぶ。
A box lunch that has only an umeboshi in the center of the white rice is called a hinomaru bento, thus being compared to the Japanese flag (the Rising Sun).

ワサビの名が付く近縁な植物、特にホースラディッシュと区別するため本わさびと呼ぶことがある。
It is sometimes called hon-wasabi (real wasabi) in order to distinguish it from other closely related plants that are also referred to as wasabi, particularly horseradish.

海岸や渓谷の断崖絶壁に生えて、幹が下垂して生育を続ける樹木の姿を表現したものを懸崖と呼ぶ。
Bonsai which form a cascade imitating the shape of trees growing out from sheer cliffs by the sea or ravines with the trunk growing straight down are called Kengai style bonsai.

正月の初売りに出かけて、その年の初めての買い物をすることを買い初め（かいぞめ）などと呼ぶ。
Going to a New Year's 'Hatsuuri' and doing the first shopping in the year is called 'Kaizome' (first shopping).

末弭側を上関板（うわせきいた）或は額木（ひたいぎ）、本弭側を下関板（しもせきいた）と呼ぶ。
The urahazu side is called uwasekiita (upper sekiita) or hitaigi (forehead wood), and the motohazu side is called shimosekiita (lower sekiita).

宇治茶・宇治番茶・和束茶・両丹茶（京都府）- 広義で山城地方の茶を宇治茶と呼ぶことがある。
Uji tea, Uji Bancha, Wazuka-cha and Ryotan-cha (Kyoto Prefecture) - in a broad sense the tea in Yamashiro area is called Uji tea.

現在では、鶏ガラに限らず清湯系をあっさり、白湯系をこってりと呼ぶのが京都では一般的である。
Nowadays, it is common in Kyoto to call the clear broth the 'plain type' and the white broth the 'thick type,' regardless of whether it is chicken bone broth or not.

日本列島と朝鮮半島の間にある水域については、「日本海」と呼ぶのが長年にわたる米国の方針です。
Concerning the body of water between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula, longstanding U.S. policy is to refer to it as the "Sea of Japan."

しかし日本語では、肌に近い方、つまり外気に触れる服の表面から遠い方を「下」と呼ぶことがある。
From the other perspective, the innermost surface is called '下' (Shita).

しかし日本語では、外気に触れる服の表面に近い方、つまり肌から遠い方を「上」と呼ぶことがある。
From another perspective, the outermost surface, i.e., the part farthest from the body is called '上' (Ue.)

男子学生がファッションとして崩れた洋服（学生服）などに下駄を履いていることをバンカラと呼ぶ。
An appearance where male students put on Geta in combination with a loose outfit (school uniform) as fashion is called Bankara (rough and uncouth style).

以後、ここで集められた作品、あるいはそれ以後の民間歌謡を「楽府」（がふ）と呼ぶようになった。
From then on the works collected in this bureau and the later folk kayo came to be called 'Gafu' (yuefu in Chinese) folksongs.

山城国（現・京都府）で宅兵衛という男が寺でうたた寝をしていると、自分を呼ぶ声で目を覚ました。
When a man named Takube drifted off to sleep at a temple in Yamashiro Province (present-day Kyoto Prefecture), he was awaken by a voice calling out his name.

高さ2尺4寸、片幅3尺5分、五分角、鳥の子白張、蝋色縁のものを基本とし、これを利休形と呼ぶ。
Basically, the screen is 72.72 cm in hight, 92.4 cm in width (one side), 17mm in thickness, upholstered with white torinoko paper (stout smooth paper), with lacquered black edge; this type of screen is called the Rikyu style.

近来では、宋、元時代の他に、江戸時代の黄檗派の禅僧の書風も墨跡と呼ぶのが一般的となっている。
Recently, in addition to the calligraphic works in the Song and Yuan era, those by Zen priests of the Obaku school in the Edo period have also generally come to be called bokuseki.

サンスクリットでは同タイトルの『阿弥陀経』と区別して、『大スカーバティービューハ』とも呼ぶ。
It is also called 'the larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra' in order to be distinguished from 'Amida Sutra,' which has the same name in Sanskrit

中には建物の部材に直接記されることもあり、これを梁上銘と呼ぶこともあるが、趣旨は同じである。
Sometimes the record is written directly on the joists of the buildings and they are called 'ryojomei,' but the purpose is the same as 'muneki.'

技術的には、合気道を大東流合気柔術の一会派とみなして、大東流合気柔術植芝伝と呼ぶ向きもある。
Technically, some refer to Aikido as Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu, or the Ueshiba method, viewing it as one faction of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu.

後に竹を使って網代に（縦横に組み合わせて）編んだ四角い衣装箱をさして呼ぶことが一般的になった。
Later, it became general to call a square clothing storage box woven bamboo into ajiro (wickerwork).

なおこういった煙の香りが湯に風味を与えている場合を指して「ふすべ」（くすんでいる状態）と呼ぶ。
If smoke from the outdoor fuel gives a flavor to the hot water, that is called 'fusube' (smoked).

徳島県で生産されている和三盆を阿波和三盆糖、香川県で生産されている和三盆を讃岐和三盆糖と呼ぶ。
Wasanbon produced in Tokushima Prefecture is called 'Awa Wasanbon-to' and that in Kagawa Prefecture 'Sanuki Wasanbon-to.'

多くは江戸時代の浮世絵の流れを汲んでいるが、洋画であっても同じ主題のものであれば美人画と呼ぶ。
While many bijinga paintings are of the school of ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) from the Edo period, Western paintings having the same theme are also called bijinga.

これら以外の名称として、飛び切り燗を更に越えた温度に対して煮酒と呼ぶなど様々な表現が存在する。
Other than these expressions, there are various expressions such as calling temperature of sake higher than that of tobikiri kan (very hot) as 'nizake' (boiled sake).

例えば天正年間を中心として作られた、特徴的な打刀拵の一群を天正拵（てんしょうごしらえ）と呼ぶ。
For example, a group of characteristic uchigatana-goshirae crafted mainly in the Tensho era is called Tensho-goshirae.

『万葉集』でこの方法がよく用いられたことから、後世（江戸時代から）万葉仮名と呼ぶようになった。
Because many examples using this orthography were found in the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), these special Chinese characters were later called Manyo-gana (during the Edo period and later).

関西では、フグの持つ毒で当たることを転じて「テッポウ」（鉄砲）、これを短くした「テツ」と呼ぶ。
In the Kansai region, fugu is called 'teppo' (literally, a gun) or 'tetsu' for short, as the sounds for the Japanese words for 'getting shot' and 'being poisoned by pufferfish poison' are the same.

語源の語義が似通っている事から日本正教会では葬式前晩のパニヒダを通夜と呼ぶ事を忌避していない。
Since the origins of the words are similar, the Orthodox Church of Japan does not avoid calling a panikhida a tsuya.

現代の寺院建築用語では、円筒形の塔身に宝形造（四角錐形）の屋根を載せた形の塔を「宝塔」と呼ぶ。
However, today's temple architects define a 'hoto' as a pagoda with a cylinder-shaped body topped by a roof in the shape of a four-sided pyramid.

二つある場合は、手前を外拝殿（げはいでん）と呼び、奥のものを内拝殿（ないはいでん）と呼ぶ。
When there are two haiden halls, the one toward you is called ge-haiden, or outer haiden, and the one at the back nai-haiden, or inner haiden.

エスニック料理が普及した現在の日本でも、たんにカレーと呼ぶときはカレーライスを指す場合が多い。
Even today when ethnic foods have become common in Japan, 'curry' in this country mostly refers to curry and rice.

西日本では薩摩揚げのことも「天ぷら」（「てんぷら」とも表記）と呼ぶ（詳細は「薩摩揚げ」参照）。
The word 'tempura' is also used to refer to satsuma-age, a fried fish cake (for the details, see the 'satsuma-age section) in western Japan.

人気のある場面を抜粋して上演することをみどり狂言と呼ぶ（「よりどりみどり」から来たとされる）。
The performance of the popular scene extracts from the program is called 'Midori-kyogen,' which is said to have come from the Japanese noun 'Yoridorimidori' (being at your choice).

以後、鎌倉時代の末まで、皇后の定員は2名となり、一方を皇后宮、他方を中宮と呼ぶ慣行が確立した。
Two empresses were allowed until the end of the Kamakura period, one was called Kisai no miya (empress) and the other, chugu.

その後江戸時代には、牽牛との逢瀬を願う織女になぞらえて「朝顔姫」などと呼ぶことが一般的になった。
Later, in the Edo period, it was generally called 'Asagao-hime' (Morning Glory Princess), compared to the Weaver longing to see the Cowherd.

大太鼓を「親」と呼ぶのは、この４人一組の中心で、かつ指揮者の役割も果たさねばならないからである。
The big drum is called 'oya' (parent) because the oyadaiko player is the center of this four-person group and has to play the role of conductor.

この他に、一般の和歌教室で、講師や生徒が年始に歌を披露しあう集いを「歌会始」と呼ぶところもある。
Another 'Utakai Hajime' is a New Year's meeting at ordinary waka schools where teachers and students present waka.

関西ではフグのことを「テッポウ」と呼ぶことから、「テッポウ刺し」を略して「テッサ」とも呼ばれる。
As pufferfish are called 'teppo' in the Kansai region, fugu sashimi is sometimes called 'tessa,' which is an abbreviation of 'teppo sashi' (sashimi).

なお、建築史では、書院造の系統であり独自の様式ではないとして、「数寄屋風書院」と呼ぶことが多い。
Experts of architectural history call it 'sukiya style shoin,' considering it not as an original style but rather as a kind of shoin-zukuri.

この小さな箱のことを麹蓋（こうじぶた）といい、麹蓋に米を盛りつけることからこの工程を盛りと呼ぶ。
This small box is called 'kojibuta' and since rice fills the kojibuta, this process is called 'mori (literally, 'filling').'

筋子の卵巣膜（卵を包む薄い膜）を取り除き、産卵前の熟した卵を1粒ずつに分けた物を特に指して呼ぶ。
It particularly refers to the eggs harvested from salmon just before spawning and that have been removed from the membrane.

五行説では春は東の方角にあたり、平城京の東に佐保山があるために春の神は佐保姫と呼ぶようになった。
In gogyo-setsu (the theory of five elements), spring is in the east, and the god of spring was called Saho-hime, due to the fact that there is Mt. Saho to the east of Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara).

一般には足と呼ばれるが、学術書などでは腕と表現されることが多い（英語でも arm （腕）と呼ぶ）。
Though the tentacles are generally referred to as legs, they are often expressed as arms in academic books (as is the case in English).

京都では細切りの油揚げを載せて、くずあんを掛け、おろし生姜を添えたうどんを「たぬきうどん」と呼ぶ。
In Kyoto, Udon noodles topped with deep-fried bean curd cut into strips, thick starchy sauce and grated ginger is called 'Tanuki-Udon.'

寺院内に鳥居があったり、「八幡大菩薩」と神社の神を仏の呼び方で呼ぶ事例などに名残を見る事ができる。
The syncretism left traces, such as the torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) in precincts of temples or the deity with the name of 'Hachiman Daibosatsu' (Great Bodhisattava Hachiman), in which a name for a shrine deity (Hachiman) is connected with a name of Buddha (Daibosatsu).

対して人形のことを「手摺」と呼ぶが、これは人形遣いの腰から下が隠れる板のことを手摺ということから。
Puppets are called 'Tesuri,' named after the boards which conceal the puppeteers below their waists.

また他の種類の鍋、例えば寄せ鍋などの最後に大根おろしを加えて食べるものをみぞれ鍋と呼ぶ場合もある。
Also, other types of pot dishes such as when grated radish is added to finish up Yosenabe (pot of chicken, seafood and vegetables) are called 'mizore nabe' as well.

日本ではご飯をよそうための椀を特にご飯茶碗（ごはんちゃわん）や茶碗（ちゃわん）、飯碗と呼ぶ。
In Japan a bowl for rice is specially called 'gohanjawan' 'chawan' or 'meshiwan.'

『無量寿経優婆提舎願生偈註』…一般には、略して『浄土論註』、『往生論註』と呼び、『論註』とも呼ぶ。
'Muryoju-kyo Ubadaisha Ganshoge-chu' (Commentary on Upadeśa on the Sutra of Immeasurable Life) is usually abbreviated to 'Jodo ron chu' (Commentary on Treatise on the Pure Land), or 'Ojo ron chu' (往生論注), or more simply, 'Ron chu' (論註).

ギリシャ哲学等と融合し、異端とされたグノーシス派では、真に神を知ることを覚り（グノーシス）と呼ぶ。
Gnosticism, which was blended with Greek philosophy and so on and was once labeled as heretical, refers to the true recognition of God as attaining the direct acquaintance of God (Gnosis).

舞台に乗せる道具類で、予め作って保管しておくものを「小道具」、演能の度に作る物を「作リ物」と呼ぶ。
For the props on the stage, those kept rom before are called 'small properties,' while those made each time for a Noh performance are called 'replicas.'

黄檗宗に於ける読経は、現在も古い中国語の発音で行われており、これを「黄檗唐音(とういん)」と呼ぶ。
The sutras of the Obaku sect have been recited according to ancient Chinese pronunciation, which is called 'Obaku Toin.'

なお、この縄張りを主とする城郭史的観点と考古学的観点の見解の相違を「杉山城問題」と呼ぶことがある。
Differences in opinion between proponents of the nawabari-based theory and the archaelogy-based theory are referred to as the 'Sugiyama-jo Castle issue.'

Y字の形が生薬をすりつぶす道具、薬研（やげん）にも似ていることから、“やげん”または三角とも呼ぶ。
It is also called 'yagen' or 'sankaku' because its Y-shape is similar to yagen, a tool for grinding herbal and natural medicines.

紙に漉き入れする泥土は、名塩の山麓や段丘に神戸層群第二凝灰岩と呼ぶ地層があり、所々に露出している。
The soil mixed with paper is taken from a stratum called the second tuff of the Miocene Kobe group at the foot of a mountain, from a terrace in Najio, which is exposed here and there.

鼈甲でも斑点のないものが最も高価で、斑点のない部分だけのものを特に白または白甲（しろこう）と呼ぶ。
Tortoise shell with no spots was the most valuable one and it was specifically called shiro or shiroko.

鼈甲では斑点のないものが最も高価で、斑点のない部分だけのものを特に白または白甲（しろこう）と呼ぶ。
Tortoise shell with no spots was the most valuable one and it was specifically called shiro or shiroko.

これで米の熱を散らす作業は終わりという意味から仕舞い仕事と呼ぶのだが、実際上はこれが最後ではない。
This process is called shimaishigoto meaning that it is the final work to disperse heat of rice, but, in fact, it is not final.

日本海側を進軍する軍隊を率いる将軍は征狄大将軍、九州へ進軍する軍隊を率いる将軍は征西大将軍と呼ぶ。
A general who led an army's advance to the Japan Sea side was called Seiteki Daishogun, and one who led an army's advance into Kyushu was called Seisei Taishogun.

現在、この服を「初期小袖」と呼ぶのが間違いなのは、平安時代にすでに「小袖」が登場していたからである。
This form of Wafuku is called 'Early Kosode' these days, but it is wrong because 'Kosode' had already appeared during the Heian period.

プリント基板に半導体メモリなどの電子部品を差し込むためのソケット部品を、その形状から「ゲタ」と呼ぶ。
A socket component used to put electronic components such as semiconductor memory into the printed-circuit board is called 'Geta' from its shape.

出雲地方では10月に全国から神様が集まるとされることから、この月を「神在月（かみありづき）」と呼ぶ。
In the Izumo region, it is believed that October is the month when gods from all of the country gather in the area, and accordingly, the month is called 'Kamiari zuki,' meaning the month in which gods exist.

さらに、焼かずに揚げたり、別の材料を用いたり等の、類似の外観や食感を持つものも煎餅と呼ぶ場合がある。
In addition, some foods which have a similar appearance or texture, for instance, deep-fried instead of baked or made from different materials, are also called senbei.

これにより寧子は国母待遇となり、後伏見上皇の本后の地位を得た（以下、本項では寧子を広義門院と呼ぶ）。
After that, Neishi was treated as empress dowager, and acquired the empress position of the Retired Emperor Gofushimi (hereinafter, Neishi was referred to as Kogimonin in this section).

音程を下げることを「メリ」、微妙に音程を上げることを「カリ」と呼ぶ（「尺八」の奏法も参照されたい）。
Lowering the scale is called 'meri' (the technique of lowering the chin in conjunction with fingering and breath technique), while slightly raising the scale is called 'kari' (the technique of raising the chin in conjunction with fingering and breath technique) (refer to the 'Playing' section of 'Shakuhachi').

祭囃子、神楽、獅子舞等、各地の祭礼に古来から用いられてきた篠笛を便宜的に「囃子用」「古典調」と呼ぶ。
Shinobue which have been used since ancient times for the rites and festivals in various places such as matsuri-bayashi (Japanese music), kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrines), and shishimai (lion dance) are called 'hayashi-yo' (lit. for hayashi (musical accompaniment played on traditional Japanese instruments)) shinobue or 'koten-cho' (lit. classical style) shinobue.

舶来製品の中で中国製を「唐物」、朝鮮半島製を「高麗物」と呼ぶが、これ以外を特に「島物」と呼んでいる。
Imported products made in China are called 'Karamono' and those made in Korean Peninsula are called 'Koraimono,' but all other imports are particularly referred to as 'Shimamono.'

元禄時代に流行した「ぶっかけそば」と区別するために汁につけて食べるそばを「もり」と呼ぶようになった。
To differentiate from 'bukkake soba' popular in the Genroku era, soba which is dipped into a sauce to eat began to be referred to as 'mori.'

これは仏陀自身の活動に制約があると考えられたためで、いわば仏陀の手足となって活動する者を菩薩と呼ぶ。
This is because it was thought that the activity of Buddha itself had a restriction, so that a person who worked for Buddha hand and foot, as it were, was called Bosatsu.

竹輪の皮にチーズを挟んだものは「チーちく」（株式会社紀文食品のみ製造・販売。商品名である。）と呼ぶ。
The Chikuwa with cheese in the chikuwa skin is called 'Chee Chiku' (It is only made and sold by Kibun Foods Inc, Co., Ltd. 'Chee Chiku' is a brand name.).

櫛笥の流れ着いた場所に、玉串明宮(現在の津原神社)が建てられ、その周辺一帯を玉串と呼ぶようになった。
Tamakushi-meigu Shrine (present Tsuhara-jinja Shrine) was built in the place where the Kushige drifted to, and the surrounding area came to be called Tamagushi.

大きいほど高価になり、1斤（600g弱）当たりの頭数で、十頭鮑（乾燥品1つの重量が60g）などと呼ぶ。
The larger a piece of ganbao is, the more expensive it is; one batch of ganbao of a little less than 600g is called 'ten abalone' (one dried product weighs 60g).

関東周辺や山陰の一部では主に前者を単に「桜餅」、近畿より西や北海道・北陸では後者を単に「桜餅」と呼ぶ。
In the Kanto area and Sanin region, the former type is simply called 'sakuramochi', while it is the latter type that is referred to as 'sakuramochi' in areas west of the Kinki region, in Hokkaido and in the Hokuriku area.

また、天文学的な冬至とは別に、慣習的に「一年中で一番昼が短く夜が長い日」のことを冬至と呼ぶことがある。
Apart from the astronomical Toji, however, 'the day with the shortest daytime and longest nighttime' is also called Toji sometimes by tradition.

会話における二人称では、前後関係から天皇であるか皇后であるかが明らかな場合に単に陛下と呼ぶことが多い。
When called as the second person in conversation, most of the time is simply called Heika if it is clear whether the individual is the Emperor or the Empress from the context of conversation.

中国では秦・漢の時代から清の時代にまで、在位中の皇帝の生母と先代の皇后を並び尊崇して「皇太后」と呼ぶ。
In China, from the periods of Qin and Han to the period of Qing, the real mother of the Emperor in reign and the former Empress were respectfully referred to as 'Empress Dowager.'

正方形の日本の伝統的な紋や模様が入っているものを指す場合が多く、特に和紙で作られたものを千代紙と呼ぶ。
Chiyogami often refers to square sheets of paper with Japanese traditional crests or patterns, and especially those made of Japanese paper are called 'chiyogami.'

拝外意識により、欧米人を「洋鬼」と呼び、それに遅れて進出した日本人を「東洋鬼」と呼ぶのもこの類である。
From their xenophobia, they call Westerners 'Western Oni,' and for the same reason the Japanese who subsequently advanced are called 'Orient Oni.'

この場合、文殊もまた修行の途上であるとの観点から、菩薩の呼称を避け文殊大士（だいし）と呼ぶことがある。
In this case, from the viewpoint that Monju is also on the way of ascetic training, it is sometimes called Monji Daishi, which avoids using the title of Bosatsu.

ちなみに、幹や枝が鉢の上縁よりも下に垂れ下がっているものを懸崖、鉢の上縁ぐらいのものを半懸崖、と呼ぶ。
Incidentally, bonsai with trunks and branches growing downwards below the rim of the pot are called Kengai style bonsai and those with the trunks and branches at about the level of the rim of the pot are called Han Kengai (semi-cascade) style bonsai.

また、店舗数上位4社（吉野家、すき家、松屋、なか卯）が抜きん出ているため、『四天王』と呼ぶ場合もある。
The top-four companies according to the number of outlets (Yoshinoya Co., Ltd, Sukiya, Matsuya, and Nakau Company, Limited) may be called 'Shitenno (four guardian kings),' because they keep far ahead of the others.

明治以降、能舞台と見所（けんしょ、客席のこと）の全体を建物でくるむ形式が増え、これを「能楽堂」と呼ぶ。
After the Meiji period, the number of buildings surrounding the entire Noh stage and Kensho (guest seating) increased, and such buildings are called 'Nohgakudo' (Noh theater).

鎌倉末期から鳥の子の名称が一般化し、近世に入ると雁皮紙（がんぴし）はすべて鳥の子紙と呼ぶようになった。
The name torinoko became generalized since the end of the Kamakura period, and all ganpishi came to be called torinoko in the recent times.

以上のような事情から、駅構内や駅前の弁当業者の店舗で販売される弁当を総合して「駅弁」と呼ぶ場合が多い。
Considering these situations, box lunch sold within station precincts or stores established by box lunch companies in front of stations are comprehensively called 'Ekiben' in most cases.

勿論、宇治だけのものもある（抹茶だけ）、また、宇治にミルクをかけたものを「宇治時雨」と呼ぶことがある。
There is shaved ice using only uji (with only green powdered tea) and sometimes uji with milk is called 'uji shigure.'

これは出汁（関西ではつゆのことを出汁と呼ぶ）がからみやすく、まただ出汁を吸いやすいようにとの工夫である。
These characteristics are aimed at allowing the noodles to easily mix with the soup broth (in the Kansai region, soup broth is called Dashijiru) and the soup broth is easily to sip.

なお、事前（飲む前日以前に。直前ではない。）に、加水（お湯は使用しない。）しておくことを、前割りと呼ぶ。
Meanwhile, adding water (not hot water) one day or more prior to the drinking (not right before drinking) is called 'maewari' (pre-dilution).

当初は大名などの玩具である数寄物であったが、次第に見世物として人気を呼ぶようになり、日本各地に普及した。
At first, it was owned only by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and others as a toy of refined taste, but as it was shown to the public and gained popularity, it spread nationwide.

坊主（ハゲと呼ぶこともまれにある）の描かれた札を引いた場合には、引いた人の手元の札を全て山札の横に置く。
When a player draws a 'bozu' card (or 'hage' means priest), the player puts all the te-fuda beside the yama-fuda (cards set on the center).

近江令説に対する批判としては、大宝律令が施行された後の段階で近江令を「不改常典」と呼ぶ矛盾が指摘される。
The criticism toward the Omi-Ryo theory points out the contradiction of calling Omi-Ryo 'Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' even after the Taiho Code had been enacted.

床には着用時に脇から背中に回る部分に銙（か/金偏に夸）と呼ぶ宝玉十個近くを十文字に糸を渡して縫い付ける。
A set of around ten gems called a ka (the radical of the kanji '金' to the left with 夸 to the right) was sewn on the part of the toko on the side and back when it was worn by crossing a thread over each gem.

転じて漫才などにおける自身のコンビ役を指す言葉として用いられ、そこから恋人について相方と呼ぶこともある。
By extension, the term has come to be used for one's duo partner in manzai (a comic dialogue), which has led some people to refer to their girlfriend/boyfriend by the term aikata.

日本刀の多くは片刃であるが、刃のない側を峰（みね）と呼び、刃と峰の間の膨らんだ部分を鎬（しのぎ）と呼ぶ。
Most Japanese swords are single edged, and the side without blade is called Mine and the bulge between the blade and Mine is called Shinogi.

二の丸は本丸の北と南にある仕切門によって東西に分かれている（この西側部分を「西の丸」と呼ぶ資料もある）。
Ninomaru is divided into eastern and western sections by the Shikiri-mon Gates on the north and south sides of Honmaru (some documents refer to the western section as 'Nishinomaru').

それは軍学書に「城は小円を善とすること、城取の習とぞ、此故に丸とは呼ぶ也」等に記されたことによるらしい。
It is suspected that this naming is originated from the fact that in a book on strategy, it is described that 'a castle is called a maru because a small circular castle is most appropriate to defend'.

カニカマ（かに風味かまぼこ）など、形状や食感などを類似させ練り上げた蒲鉾のことを「風味かまぼこ」と呼ぶ。
The kamaboko like kanikama (crab-flavored kamaboko), which is made by imitating real foods in forms and textures, etc., is called 'fumi kamaboko' (flavored kamaboko).

鮮魚市場で特に区別するときには、スケトウダラの子をすけそうの子（助そ子）、マダラの子をマダラの子と呼ぶ。
In case of making distinctions of species in fresh fish markets, roes of Walleye pollack are called sukeso-no-ko (or sukeso-ko) and roes of Pacific cod are called madara-no-ko.

ただし、儒教では漢魏の注についてさらに注釈を施すといった訓詁学的なものを「疏」と呼ぶようになっていった。
However, in Ju-kyo, interpretation learning of old words such as creating annotations for annotations from Han and Wei was called 'so.'

ジョークで物事を懇願する際に相手をお代官様と呼ぶ場合があるのも、こうした時代劇の影響によるところである。
Due to influence of these period dramas, people sometimes jocularly use the word, odaikan sama, when they beg somebody for something.

このように、食材にこだわらず、味付け・調理法が日本で発達したものをも「日本料理」と呼ぶのが一般的であろう。
In this way, if a dish is flavored and cooked in a way specific to Japan, the dish would be generally called 'nihon-ryori' regardless of the foodstuffs included in it.

入門したあと、前座名（名前）を師匠から貰い、前座登録をして、前座として楽屋入りするまでは「見習い」と呼ぶ。
After initiation, they receive a zenza name, register as a zenza, and are called 'minarai' until they enter backstage as a zenza.

しかし、流派や酒蔵によっては杜氏・頭・麹屋を三役と、また、三役そのものを三番（さんばん）と呼ぶ場合もある。
At some schools and breweries, however, san-yaku is sometimes called san-ban, and it includes a toji, a kashira, and a koji-ya.

角が入れられた造りのユガケ、或は帽子を「堅帽子」、角が入れられていないユガケ、或は帽子を「柔帽子」と呼ぶ。
The yugake which has tsuno inside or boshi are called 'kataboshi,' and the yugake which does not have tsuno inside or boshi are called 'yawarakaboshi.'

平安末期以後には祭礼の山車や衣装、宴席の州浜台などに施された華美な趣向を指して「風流」と呼ぶようになった。
After the end of the Heian Period, festival floats and clothes and the elaborate designs of the theater Suhamadai (standing trays with sandbar patterns) were called 'Furyu.'

平安時代末期から近世の初め頃まで使われた語で、江戸時代に入るとこれを部屋住み（へやずみ）と呼ぶようになる。
The term was used from the end of the Heian Period to the beginning of modern times, and in the Edo Period the son was called heyazumi (literally, a person living in a room)

会話が少なく、主にいわゆる「地の文」で展開される話を「地噺（じばなし）」と呼ぶ（『紀州 (落語)』など）。
Stories made up of so-called descriptive parts and few dialogues are called 'ji-banashi,' exemplified by 'Kishu Rakugo.'

また、茎には、刀身を柄に固定するための穴が開けられており、その穴を目釘穴、固定するための小片を目釘と呼ぶ。
Nakago has a hole to secure the body of blade to the Tsuka, which is called the Mekugi hole, and the small pin for securing is called Mekugi.

修行法や戒律に関するものは「律」、経典を注釈したものは「論」と呼ばれ、経・律・論を合わせて「三蔵」と呼ぶ。
The way of ascetic training and religious precepts is called 'vinaya'; commentaries of Buddhist sutra are called 'abhidharma'; and sutra, vinaya and abhidharma are collectively called 'Tripitaka.'

これらの比較的新しい本曲と普化宗で吹奏された狭義の本曲を区別するため、後者を特に古典本曲と呼ぶことがある。
In order to maintain a distinction between the more modern compositions that came to be referred to as honkyoku and the honkyoku practiced by adherents of Fuke sect, the term 'koten-honkyoku' (literally, 'ancient honkyoku') is sometimes used to refer to the latter.

なお、明治以前には、江戸では「銭湯」「湯屋（ゆうや）」と呼び、上方では「風呂屋」と呼ぶのが一般的であった。
Before the Meiji period, public bathhouses were generally called 'sento' or 'yuya' in Edo and were called 'furoya' in Kamigata (the area of Kyoto and Osaka).

この際、それらの用途や味など、商品価値が異なる場合には、これらを同じ名前で呼ぶことは必ずしも便利ではない。
Here, if their commercial value, in terms of application or taste, is different depending on the age, it isn't necessarily convenient to call them by the same name.

その料金のことを、関東では「玉代（ぎょくだい）」または「線香代」、関西では「花代（はなだい）」などと呼ぶ。
The fee is referred to as 'Gyokudai (time charge for a geisha)' or 'Senko-dai (fee for a geisha's time)' in the Kanto region and 'Hana-dai (fee for a woman's companionship)' in the Kansai region.

厳密には内親王なら「斎内親王」、女王の場合は「斎王」「斎女王」と称したが、一般に両者をまとめて斎王と呼ぶ。
According to the strict definition, the name 'Sai naishinno' was designated as a princess of blood while a female relative of the Emperor was referred to as 'Saio' or 'Saijoo,' and in general, they were collectively called Saio.

大正月はまた大年（おおどし）、男の正月と呼ぶのに対して、小正月を小年（こどし）、女の正月と言うところもある。
In some areas, oh-shogatsu is also called oh-doshi (large year) and otoko no shogatsu (men's shogatsu) and, in contrast, ko-shogatsu is called ko-doshi (small year) and onna no shogatsu (women's shogatsu).

まず構えずに（新陰流ではこれを「無形の位」と呼ぶ）相手に仕掛けさせ、それに応じて「後の先」を取るわけである。
It means waiting for the opponent's move while not holding sword in position (it is called 'Mukei no kurai' (neutral position) and taking 'go no sen' (responsive initiative)).

三分粥のような薄いものはスープ扱いで「米湯（ミータン）」、「撩命湯（リャオミンタン）」などと呼ぶ地域もある。
There are regions in which thin congee similar to sanbugayu is treated as a soup and called 'mi tang' or 'liao ming tang.'

歴史学などの分野では日本固有の存在としての天皇を強調する意味でTennoやMikadoと呼ぶこともままある。
In fields of history and others, there are some cases of mentioning Tenno or Mikado, to express Tenno as the being peculiar to Japan.

おもに関西地区で、油揚げを煮付けたりせずにそのまま短冊切りにしたもの（これを「きざみ」と呼ぶ）を載せたもの。
Eaten mainly in the Kansai area, Kizami soba consists of buckwheat noodles in hot soup with unseasoned aburaage (deep-fat fried tofu) cut into strips (referred to as 'kizami') on top.

点前で茶を点てる前後に、茶碗に湯または水を張って穂先を振ったり茶筅を上げ下げしたりする所作を茶筅通しと呼ぶ。
Chasentoshi refers to a series of movements where hot or cold water is poured in a tea bowl, and the bristles of chasen are swayed in it and moved in and out of it, before and after making the tea.

なお、一般の馬乗袴や日本舞踊で用いる舞袴を仕舞袴と呼ぶことがあるが、いずれも能楽の仕舞袴とは別なものである。
Sometimes a general hakama used for horse riding and a 'mai bakama' used for Classical Japanese dance ('Nihonbuyo' in Japanese) are also called shimaibakama, but these are different from the shimaibakama used in Noh.

その後、鉄道駅に残された苗木を、同僚や市民が植えたとされ、それらの桜を「アロハ桜」と呼ぶようになったという。
It is said that, after that, his colleagues and citizens of the city planted the saplings left at a railway station and the cherries have come to be called 'Aloha zakura cherry.'

鎌倉時代以降は位階の高い寺院そのもの、つまり寺格を指すようになり、それらの寺院を門跡寺院と呼ぶようになった。
Since the Kamakura period it has come to mean the high-class temple itself, or in other words the status of the temple, and those temples have come to be called Monzeki temples.

特にこの地域では伝統的に、味噌汁の中身の固形物のことを「具」とは呼ばず「実」と呼ぶ（「おつけの実」、など）。
Especially in the loca area, the solid ingredients in miso soup have been called 'mi' instead of 'gu' traditionally like mi of otsuke.

この頃から糸引き納豆も登場しており区別するために塩辛納豆を久喜と呼び糸引き納豆を単に納豆と呼ぶようになった。
Around that time, itohiki natto also appeared and, in order to differentiate itohiki natto from shiokara natto, shiokara natto came to be called as kuki and itohiki natto as natto.

また、鰻と御飯が二重になっている物をそう呼ぶ事がある(器の底から「御飯-鰻-御飯-鰻と「重」ねる意味から)。
Occasionally, the dish is called unaju when broiled eel and boiled rice are served in a double layer ('ju 'pile-up'', in such an alternate order from the bottom, as rice-eel-rice-eel).

仕込工程（前期）醤油麹に塩水を加え、麹の塊を崩して混合しながら醸造タンクに移送することを「仕込工程」と呼ぶ。
Preparation process (the early stage): It is referred to as the 'preparation process' to add salt water to soy-sauce malt, and to move it to a brewing tank while breaking and mixing the whole malt.

書写された経典を「写経」と呼ぶのに対して、北宋代以降に盛行した木版印刷による経典の方は「刊経」と呼ばれている。
Whereas copied Buddhist scriptures are called shakyo, Buddhist scriptures that are created as woodblock prints are called kankyo and kankyo became popular in the Northern Sung Dynasty and afterwards.

現代の分類では、刃長（切っ先から棟区までの直線距離）60cm以上のものを指し、60cm未満のものは脇差と呼ぶ。
In the modern classification, it indicates the one with its blade length (direct distance between Kissaki (tip) and Mune-machi - notch in the back) is 60cm and longer, and those shorter than 60cm is called Wakizashi.

神社建築においては、妻部分の斜め材を囲う破風（はふ）部分の破風板が延長して千木（ちぎ）と呼ぶ斜め材が突出する。
In shrine and temple buildings, the gable boards of the gables covering slanting pieces of wood on the Tsuma sides are extended and protrude from the roof, and the protruding portions are called Chigi.

これに対し「古管」あるいは「地無し管」と呼ぶ古いタイプの尺八は、管の内側に節による突起を残し、漆地も塗らない。
In contrast to the shakuhachi fabricated using the above method, the bore of older shakuhachi called 'ko-kan' (literally, 'antique shakuhachi'), or 'ji-nashi-kan' (literally, 'shakuhachi without urushi-ji) are not coated with urushi-ji, and remnants of the joints often visible.

中国語では、肉の繊維をほぐしてふんわりさせたものであることから、「肉鬆」（ロウソン、）と呼ぶのが一般的である。
Because it is a food made by fluffing the fibers of meat which have been broken into threads, it is generally referred to as rou sing (dried meat threads) in Chinese.

一部の印西派を当流と呼ぶのは、江戸印西派の宗家が徳川将軍家の弓術指南役だった事からで、将軍家の流派という意味。
A part of the Insai school was called 'Toryu' (meaning sect for the Shogunate family) because the grant master of Edo-Insai school was teaching archery for Tokugawa Shogunate family.

棹が胴に接するあたりは、普通の三味線では棹の上面が徐々にカーブを描いて下がっていく（この形を「鳩胸」と呼ぶ）。
In a regular shamisen, the upper face of the neck gradually curves down to the area where the neck meets the body (this form is called 'hato mune' (pigeon breast)).

支配体系外部からの侵略者のみを悪党と呼ぶ状況に変化が生じたのは弘安年間（1278年-1288年）のことである。
Change in the situation where only outside intruders of the system were called akuto occurred during the Koan years (1278 - 1288).

そのため、戦争によって亡くなった人全て（＝戦没者）に対して「英霊」と呼ぶのは誤っていると指摘される場合もある。
Therefore, it is often pointed out that using the word 'eirei' for every person who died in war (the war dead) is wrong.

新暦の元日を軸とする「大正月」（おおしょうがつ）と旧暦の15日を軸とする小正月（こしょうがつ）と呼ぶものがある。
There are two kinds of shogatsu, which are: 'oh-shogatsu' (large shogatsu) which is based on New Year's Day according to the solar calendar; and 'ko-shogatsu' (small shogatsu) which is based on January 15th according to the lunar calendar.

また、現在の日本において、法的には髪の毛由来のアミノ酸を原料とした場合、それを「しょうゆ」と呼ぶことはできない。
From the legal aspect, the product made out of amino acids from human hair can not be called 'soy-sauce' in present day Japan.

龍は雨を呼ぶ神、またはその神使とされていることから、重の四隅の括りの両端から伸びる房が雨をあらわすものとされた。
The taikodai is decorated with some objects symbolic of rain; dragon motif is commonly used because dragons are believed to be the gods or shinshi (messengers of the god) bringing rain, and tassels that represent rain indispensable to agriculture are hanging from each edge of kukuri (a bundling rope) protruding from the four corners of ju (a roof of the taikodai).

翌年、後醍醐天皇は隠岐国に流されるが退位を拒否し、光厳天皇と並立したため、広義にはこの時代より南北朝時代と呼ぶ。
In the following year, Emperor Godaigo was sentenced to deportation to Oki Province, however he refused to abdicate and stood side by side with Emperor Kogon, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started from that time.

なおいわゆる下品は、この用法から、中国の貴族社会における下等の家柄や地位を下品と呼ぶようになったことに由来する。
The word of so-called gehin, which refers to the family in the lower class and the lower position in aristocracy, originates in this classification.

金鎖甲（きんさこう）という鎖を編んで作った鎧を着し、腕には海老籠手（えびごて）と呼ぶ防具を着け筒状の宝冠を被る。
It wears armor knitted from chains (Kinsako (金鎖甲), and protective gear called Ebigote (海老籠手) over the arms, as well as a coronet on the head.

それから転じて、寺院の敷地内にある、高僧が隠退後に住した子院のことも「塔頭」あるいは「塔院」と呼ぶようになった。
Tacchu' as well as the word 'toin' later came to refer to a sub-temple built within the grounds of another temple to serve as the residence of a high priest in his retirement.

この頃作曲された作品を「明治新曲」と呼ぶが、洋楽の影響はまだ少なく、また当時流行していた明清楽の影響も見られる。
Pieces composed in this era were called 'Meiji shinkyoku pieces' (literally, new songs of Meiji), but they were not so much affected by western music as Ming and Xing era Chinese music.

穴が開いていて風通しが良いことから転じて、発言を聞き流してしまう人に対して「竹輪の耳」を持つ人と呼ぶことがある。
Since Chikuwa has a hole to let air through, people who tend to miss other people's speech are said to have 'Chikuwa ears.'

斜幹よりも、さらに過酷な環境に曝されて、幹も枝も一方向になびき、樹高よりも長く枝が伸びたものを、吹き流しと呼ぶ。
Fukinagashi style face even more extreme environments than Shakan style, and both the trunks and branches point in one direction, with the branch length being longer than the height of the tree.

これを「端歌（はうた）」と呼ぶが、江戸の端唄とは別のものである（一部地歌の端歌から取り入れられている物もある）。
They are called 'hauta,' but they are different from Edo hauta (there are some numbers that incorporate hauta of jiuta).

焼いたエソ類などの魚の身、ごま、醤油等を混ぜ、擂り潰して作られる「ごまだし」と呼ぶ物を湯に溶き、つゆとして用いる。
Gomadashi,' a paste made by grinding a mixture of broiled fish meat such as Lizardfish, sesame, soy sauce and so on, is dissolved in hot water, which is used as soup broth.

一般に徳利を銚子（お銚子）と呼ぶこともあるが、銚子とは本来、神道の結婚式などで用いる長い柄のついた器のことをいう。
Generally, tokkuri is sometimes called choshi (ochoshi); choshi is originally a vessel with a long handle used in a Shinto-style wedding ceremony.

餅米を使い、油で揚げて作る米菓を揚げ煎餅（あげせんべい）と呼ぶように、現在では必ずしもうるち米だけが原料ではない。
As illustrated by the name age-senbei which refers to deep-fried senbei made from glutinous rice, it is evident that uruchimai is not the only material for making senbei at present.

アシュケナジム（東欧系ユダヤ人）は、シュマルツを抽出した後に残った鶏皮をグリベネス（enGribenes）と呼ぶ。
Ashkenazi (east European) Jews call chickin skin residues obtained after extracting schmalz oil therefrom 'enGribenes'.

厳しい生育環境により、地中で分岐した根元の部分が、風雨に晒されて表土から浮き出して露出している状態を根上りと呼ぶ。
Neagari style bonsai are those which have been grown in a harsh environment and the roots branching off under the earth have become exposed on the surface of the topsoil due to the effects of wind and rain.

和風喫茶や甘味喫茶ではかき氷と呼び、喫茶店やパーラーなどの和洋折衷または洋風の飲食店ではフラッペと呼ぶことが多い。
In Japanese-style teahouses and sweet parlors, it is called kakigori (shaved ice flavored with syrup) and, in semi-Western and Western-style eating and drinking facilities, such as teahouses and parlors, it is called frappe.

なお居合道、杖道では全日本剣道連盟居合の制定居合形、全日本剣道連盟杖道の制定杖道形に対し、各流派の形を古流とも呼ぶ。
Moreover, in iaido (the art of drawing the Japanese sword) and jodo (a form of martial art using a cane staff) the regular iai form of the All Japan Kendo Federation Iai and the regular jodo form of the All Japan Kendo Federation Jodo are provided respectively, and for both of them the forms of each school are also called koryu.

古酒や大古酒といった語の定義は統一されていないようであるが、蔵人言葉では醸造年度を越したものはすべて「古酒」と呼ぶ。
Terms such as kusu (well-cured sake) or vintage sake are not defined, and all sake that were brewed beyond the Jozonendo are called 'kusu' in brewery lingo.

この前夜の式典は、呪術的な必要から遺体を不寝番することを意味する「通夜」を避け、「前夜式」「前夜の祈り」などと呼ぶ。
The ritual on the night before is called a 'Funeral wake,' 'Prayer on the night before' and so on rather than 'Tsuya' which means keeping a night watch for the deceased to perform an incantation.

これが転じて、現在の日本の禅宗寺院では、高位の僧侶の身辺の世話をしたり秘書的な仕事を行う僧侶を行者と呼ぶ場合がある。
Following this, in present days of Japanese Zen sect temples, a priest who takes care of higher rank priests or works as a secretary may be called anja.

この広範なエリアをしばしば岡崎公園と呼ぶが、狭義には、同名の公園が平安神宮の南側にあり、テニスコートが隣接している。
This wider area is often called Okazaki-koen Park, but the park with this name is more narrowly defined as the park located on the southern side of Heian-jingu Shrine, adjacent to the tennis courts.

これとは別に、祝宴などで酒樽の蓋を木槌で割って開けることを鏡開きと呼ぶ場合があるが、元来は鏡抜きが正しい表現である。
The expression 'kagamibiraki' is also used occasionally to refer to the opening of a sake barrel by breaking its lid with a wooden hammer at a feast; however, the correct expression of this event is 'kagaminuki.'

一般的なすき焼きは薄切りにした牛肉が用いられ、ネギ、シュンギク、シイタケ、豆腐などの具材（ザクと呼ぶ）が添えられる。
Generally, sliced beef is used for sukiyaki, with additional ingredients such as negi (a type of scallion), shungiku (garland chrysanthemum), shiitake mushroom, tofu (bean-curd) and so on.

「卵とじカツ丼」が一般的でありそれを単に「カツ丼」と呼ぶエリアで、ソースカツ丼などそれ以外のカツ丼をさすときの名称。
Western-style katsudon is a name with which to refer to the non-standard katsudon such as sauce katsudon in regions where the 'tamagotoji katsudon' is most common and hence it is simply referred to as 'katsudon.'

現在では髻を作った元結掛け垂髪を型やかもじなどを入れてボリュームアップしたものを「おすべらかし」と呼ぶのが普通である。
Today, the hairstyle of motoyui-gake-suihatsu (forming the motodori) which increases the volume of the hair with a form or kamoji (hairpiece used when tying hair) inserted is generally called 'osuberakashi.'

また鶏肉以外に牛肉や豚肉を単独で、あるいは豆腐や海鮮類（牡蠣や鱈）などを一緒に煮炊きする場合も水炊きと呼ぶことがある。
Other than chicken, a dish made with beef or pork alone or together with tofu (bean curd) and seafood (oysters or codfish) is also called mizutaki sometimes.

時代小説との区別がそうであるように、時代劇よりもノンフィクションに近いものを「歴史劇（史劇）」と呼ぶことも考えられる。
Just as we differentiate between period novels and historical fictions, it is possible to refer to a more non-fiction piece as a 'historical drama.'

そもそも歌舞伎役者は姓名ではなく屋号で呼びかけるのが礼儀（「市川さん」｢團十郎さん」ではなく、｢成田屋さん」と呼ぶ）。
Basically, kabuki actors should be called by yago, not by myoseki ('yago' is substitute name which actor calls himself; in the Edo period kabuki actors were not allowed to use their surnames, so they used yago; 'myoseki' is a successive name); therefore, the twelfth Danjuro ICHIKAWA (myoseki) should not be called 'Ichikawa-san' nor 'Danjuro-san' ('san' means 'Mr.'), he should be called 'Narita-ya-san' ('Narita-ya' is his yago).

古筆はもともと巻物や帖であったが、それを切断して収蔵するようになり、それぞれを古筆切（こひつぎれ）と呼ぶようになった。
The ancient calligraphy were originally makimono (scroll) and jo (quire), and they were gradually cut off and stored, then each of them was called 'a piece of excellent classical calligraphy.'

もともと古筆は巻物や帖であったが、それを切断して収蔵するようになり、それぞれを古筆切（こひつぎれ）と呼ぶようになった。
Each piece of kohitsu constituted a scroll or a book, but became to be divided into parts, with each part owned by someone, and each of these parts became to be called kohitsu-gire ('gire' meaning 'being cut').

現代日本語では、団地やマンションなどの集合住宅に対して、一戸建ての比較的小規模な住宅を指して「民家」と呼ぶことがある。
In the modern Japanese language, relatively small sized detached houses are called 'minka' to distinguish them from collective housing such as housing complexes and condominiums.

大和四座とは観世座、宝生座、金春座、金剛座であるが、更に江戸期に金剛座から分かれた喜多流の五つを併せて四座一流と呼ぶ。
Yamoto-shiza (literally 'The four theatres of Japan') are Kanze-za, Hosho-za, Komparu-za, and Kongo-za. In addition, Kita Style was spun off from Kongo-za during the Edo Period. They are collectively called Shiza Ichiryu (literally 'four theatres, five styles').

晋 (春秋)では地方の県のことを大夫と呼ぶようになり、後に諸国もこれに倣い、中央集権的な郡県制へと移行することになる。
In the Jin Dynasty (the Spring and Autumn period), the local area became called Daibu, which was then followed by other districts, leading to the centralized county and prefecture system.

早い時期から木版印刷の複数の彫板の位置併せのマークを（見当）と呼ぶことに援用され、こちらの方が広く知られることになった。
From an early time, a mark for positioning of several wood blocks of wood block printing was called 'kento' and this spread more widely.

同様の材料を大きな塊のままオーブンで焼き上げたものはミートローフ、一口で食べられる大きさにしたものはミートボールと呼ぶ。
A large lump of hamburger meat mixture of the same kind baked in an oven is referred to as a 'meat loaf,' and formed into bite-sized balls as meatballs.

関西で言うところのぜんざいを汁粉と呼ぶ関東地方では、餅や白玉に汁気のない餡をかけたものを「ぜんざい」と称することがある。
In the Kanto region where the dish known as zenzai in the Kansai region is called shiruko, 'zenzai' refers to the mochi or shiratama dumpling dish with a dry azuki bean paste.

なお、店の筆頭である遊女を「お職」と呼ぶことがあるが、本来は小見世で呼んだ言葉で、大見世・中見世では使わなかったという。
The top courtesan in a pleasure house was sometimes called 'oshoku,' but it is said that the word was used in komise, not in nakamise and omise.

日本において印行されたものをきりしたん版と呼ぶ富永らの定義に遵うと、現在キリシタン版として呼ばれているのは32点である。
Based on a proclamation by Tominaga and others that only the books printed and published in Japan were called Kirishitan-ban, there are 32 books which are called Kirishitan-ban at present.

が、「臼杵の石仏」のように、磨崖仏のことを「石仏」と呼ぶことも多く、「石仏」「磨崖仏」の区別はさほど厳密なものではない。
But as 'the stone Buddhist image of Usuki' shows, Magaibutsu is often called 'a stone Buddhist image' as well, so that there is not so strict distinction between 'stone Buddhist image' and 'Magaibutsu.'

このうち、南禅寺船溜から鴨川合流点までを鴨東運河（おうとううんが）、鴨川合流点より下流の部分を鴨川運河と呼ぶこともある。
A part of the path between Nanzenji-funadamari and the confluence point of the Kamo-gawa River is also called Oto Canal, and the downstream part from the confluence point, Kamo-gawa Canal.

但し、隠元が持ち込んだのは、現在の「フジマメ（藤豆）」だという説もあり、関西ではフジマメのことを「インゲンマメ」と呼ぶ。
However, some views explain that Ingen's bean was 'fuji-mame' (hyacinth-bean) as we know them today, and people call fuji-mame 'Ingen-mame' in the Kansai region (around Kyoto and Osaka Prefectures).

日本では四天王の一尊として造像安置する場合は「多聞天」、独尊像として造像安置する場合は「毘沙門天」と呼ぶのが通例である。
In Japan, when it is shaped as a statue and placed as one of the Shitenno it is usually called 'Tamonten,' but when in the form of a statue and placed individually it is usually called 'Bishamonten.'

乙類を50%以上95%未満混和したものを「乙甲混和焼酎」、乙類を5%以上50%未満混和したものを「甲乙混和焼酎」と呼ぶ。
Shochu mixed more than fifty percent and less than ninety-five percent of group Otsu is called 'Otsu Ko mixed shochu' and more than five percent and less than fifty percent of group Otsu is called 'Ko Otsu mixed shochu'.

十三本の糸には名称があり、演奏する側の反対側から一、二、三、四と数え、十以降の糸は斗（と）、為（い）、巾（きん）と呼ぶ。
Each 13 ito has a name; namely, starting from the opposite side of player, ito is counted 'ichi' (first), 'ni' (second), 'san' (third), 'shi' (fourth) and from the 10th ito, it is called 'to', 'i' and 'kin'.

島根県や鳥取県の一部では、一般に「汁粉」や「ぜんざい」と使われることが多いアズキに餅を入れたものを雑煮と呼ぶ場合もある。
In some areas of Shimane Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture, zoni is a soup with mochi and azuki beans which are usually used for making shiruko (sweet red-bean soup with pieces of mochi) or zenzai (baked mochi with red bean sauce).

黄昏の間の次の間が八畳の富士の間で、その西に一畳台目の茶室を設け、黄昏の間の裏手には、八窓席と呼ぶ茶室を付属させている。
The next room of Tasogare no ma is the Fuji no ma (literally, 'room of Mt. Fuji'), in the west of which there is a tea room of ichijo-daime (three-quarter size of tatami), and at the back of Tasogare no ma a tea room called Hasso no seki (a tea room at Konchi-in of Nanzen-ji Temple) is attached.

日本では、一般には単に酒（さけ）またはお酒（おさけ）、日本古語では酒々（ささ）、僧の隠語で般若湯（はんにゃとう）と呼ぶ。
In Japan, it is called in general simply 'sake' or 'osake,' and 'sasa' in old Japanese and 'hannyato' in jargon of Buddhism priests.

阿曇磯良は「阿曇磯良丸」と呼ぶこともあり、船の名前に「丸」をつけるのはこれに由来するとする説がある（ほかにも諸説ある）。
Azuminoisora is also called Azuminoisoramaru, the name said to be the origin of naming ships with a suffix 'maru' (but there are various opinions).

竹管一本で指孔のあるものを洞簫（どうしょう）、指孔なしで長短数本を一組にしたパンパイプ型のものを排簫（はいしょう）と呼ぶ。
Those consisting of one bamboo pipe with finger holes is called the dosho, while panpipe-type ones comprised of a set of several long and short pipes with no finger holes is called the haisho.

しかし明治時代以降、洋服を着る人が日本で増え始めたため、洋服と区別するために日本在来の衣服を和服と呼ぶようになっていった。
As more Japanese people began to wear Western style clothes after the Meiji period, the word Wafuku was adopted to indicate traditional Japanese clothing in contrast to Western style clothing.

形態については、図のように山が二つあるものを庵点、山が一つの「へ」のような形のものを合点（がってん）と呼ぶという説もある。
With regard to shape, some theory insists that a mark with two peaks, as shown in the figure, is called ioriten and a mark with one peak which looks like a hiragana character 'へ' (he) is called gatten.

両者を区別するために便宜上、江戸千家を「江戸千家（池之端）」、江戸千家宗家蓮華庵を「江戸千家（弥生町）」と呼ぶこともある。
In order to distinguish between the two, and for the sake of convenience, Edosenke is called Edosenke (Ikenohata) and Edosenke Soke Renge-an is called Edosenke (Yayoi-cho).

京都東寺を根本道場とした真言密教を東密と呼ぶのに対する呼称であり、日本天台宗の開祖である最澄によって創始されたものである。
It is named against Tomitsu (eastern esotericism), which is Shingon Esoteric Buddhism that has To-ji Temple in Kyoto as konpon dojo-seminary (basic hall of training), and was started by Saicho, who was the founder of the Nihon Tendai Sect (Japanese Tendai Sect).

これらの地域の中にはカツ丼と言えば「ソースカツ丼」を指し、だし汁で煮て溶き卵でとじたカツ丼を「煮カツ丼」と呼ぶものもある。
In these areas, katsudon refers to this 'sauce katsudon' and the dish with tonkatsu cooked with egg in soup stock is differentiated as 'Nikatsudon.'

肉をアピールするときはミートコロッケ、じゃがいもをアピールするときはポテトコロッケと呼ぶこともあるがほぼ同一のものである。
If meat should be used, it can be named meat korokke, and if potatoes should be used, it can be named potato korokke, but both are almost the same.

このうち、豊受媛神は『延喜式』「大殿祭祝詞」に、稲霊であり、俗にウカノミタマ（宇賀能美多麻）と呼ぶと称するという註がある。
'Norito (Shinto prayer) of Otono-hogai' of 'Engishiki' (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) describes that, in particular, Toyoukebime-no-kami as Inadama with a note that it is also commonly known as Ukano-mitama.

表生地と同じ生地を用いるときは特に共衿と呼ばれ、汚れが目立たないように違う濃い色の生地を用いるときに掛衿、と呼ぶこともある。
Kake-eri and Tomoeri are sometimes used to indicate the differences: When this part is made of the same cloth as that of Nagagi, it is particularly called Tomoeri, and when this part is made of cloth in a darker color than that of Nagagi so as not to distinguish the stain from the cloth, it is called Kake-eri.

その個性的な風味は好き嫌いが極端に別れるため、好奇心や目新しさで話題を呼ぶものの、定番化まで至らず販売終了となることが多い。
Although it furnished a topic of conversation due to its novelty and people's curiosity, personal preferences on its distinctive taste were sharply divided, and so it frequently finished selling without becoming a standard product.

その形状が酷似していることから、または口にするとどちらも磯の香りが広がることから、女性器のことを「アワビ」と呼ぶことがある。
Human female genitals are sometimes called 'awabi' because they are said to resemble awabi in form, or because they can have the smell of the ocean just like awabi.

静岡県浜松市の細江～引佐近辺では黒糖を用いた小麦粉の皮で黒餡を包んだ茶饅頭の一種をみそまんじゅう（あるいはみそまん）と呼ぶ。
Around Hosoe and Inasa in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, black bean paste is wrapped in flour dough mixed with brown sugar, and this type of cha-manju is called miso-manju (or miso-man).

2003年度にNHK放送文化研究所が行った調査では天かすと呼ぶ人が68％、揚げ玉が29％、揚げかすが16％という分布だった。
In 2003, according to a survey by The NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, 68% of those asked called that deep-fried dough bit 'tenkasu' and 16% called it 'age-dama'.

一方向からの風に晒されていたり、障害物などがあるために根元から斜めに立ち上がり、樹芯にかけて一方向に傾いた樹形を斜幹と呼ぶ。
If the trunk grows up at an angle, due to being exposed to a wind coming from one direction or other obstacle, and the tree is growing in one direction on an angle from the base to the core, this is called Shakan style bonsai.

弓の両端にある凸形状の弦をかける部分で、上に来る方を末弭（うらはず）、下に来る方を本弭（もとはず：「元弭」とも書く）と呼ぶ。
It is the protruding ends of the bow, and the top is called 'urahazu' and the bottom as 'motohazu' (lower tip of the bow, written as '本弭' or '元弭').

大文字山（如意ケ嶽）の地元地域の人には、他山との違いと尊称の意味も含めて、古くから山そのものを「大文字さん」と呼ぶ人が多い。
Many of the residents in the area around Mt. Daimonji (Mt. Nyoigatake) refer to that mountain as 'Daimonji-san' with an honorific to show their respect and to give it a distinction from other mountains from long ago.

今日において、魚介類に限らず刺身のように切って形を整え、わさび醤油などで素材そのものの風味を食するものを刺身と呼ぶ場合がある。
Sashimi is no longer limited to seafood, and various materials that are cut and arranged like sashimi and seasoned with wasabi and soy sauce to be appreciated the materials' tastes are also sometimes called 'sashimi.'

サハリンから日本列島沿岸に沿って海嶺やマグニチュード7クラスの地震の多発域が帯状に連なっており、これを日本海東縁変動帯と呼ぶ。
Between Sakhalin and the coastline of the Japanese archipelago, there is a band of areas where the magnitude 7 class earthquakes frequently occur that is referred to as the Japan Sea Eastern Margin Mobile Belt.

新国家の樹立とも言えるが、将門は京都の天皇（当時は朱雀天皇）を「本皇」と呼ぶなど、天皇の権威を完全に否定したわけではなかった。
It can be said that a new country was established, but Masakado, like calling the Emperor in Kyoto (at that time was Emperor Suzaku) 'Honno,' didn't completely deny the authority of the Emperor.

薄茶器（うすちゃき）は茶器の一種で、特に濃茶を入れる陶器製の茶入を濃茶器と呼ぶことに対して、抹茶を入れるのに用いる容器を指す。
Usuchaki is a kind of chaki (tea utensil), used to hold powdered tea, and the term is used in contrast to koichaki, which refers to a ceramic chaire specially used to contain the powdered tea for thick tea.

また、かつて中国民衆が日本の総理大臣を「小泉小鬼」と呼ぶことがあったが、日本の総理を恐れるのではなく小馬鹿にする表現であった。
Once, the Chinese public called Japanese Prime Minister 'Koizumi Ko-oni (Koizumi, Little Demon),' which doesn't mean they were afraid of him but that they were making fun of him.

前者を語アイ（坐って語るものを「居語アイ」、立って語るものを「立語アイ」と呼ぶ）、後者を「会釈アイ（あしらいアイ）」と称する。
The former is called the story telling interlude while the latter is called 'bow interlude (ashirai-ai)'.

このため浄瑠璃の口演は「歌う」ではなく「語る」という用語を以てし、浄瑠璃系統の音曲をまとめて「語り物」と呼ぶのが一般的である。
Therefore, the term 'narration,' instead of 'singing,' is used for Joruri performance, and Joruri songs are commonly collectively called 'katarimono' (narratives).

特定のステージなどで行われる企画と違い、各大学サークルや大学祭実行委員会、地元自治体、などが出店する店舗を総称して縁日と呼ぶ。
Unlike projects performed on a special stage, the stalls of the 'ennichi' are run by individual university clubs, university festival executive committees and local authorities.

ちなみに、道長の書いた日記を今日では「御堂関白記」と呼ぶが、実際の道長は摂政には就任したものの関白には就任することはなかった。
On a related topic, the diary that Michinaga wrote is now called 'Mido Kampakuki,' but in fact Michinaga took the post of Sessho and never became Kampaku.

式外社であるが六国史にその名前が見られる神社のことを特に国史現在社（国史見在社とも）と呼ぶ（広義には式内社であるものも含む）。
The Shikigesha shrines which are listed on the Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories) are specially referred to as Kokushigenzaisha (some Shikinaisha shrines are also included in this in a broad sense).

一般的には守護代の支配を受けて郡単位で支配した代官を郡代・郡奉行と呼んでいたが、守護代そのものを郡代・郡奉行と呼ぶ場合もある。
Gundai or Koribugyo was generally used to refer to a Daikan (local governor) who controlled a unit of Gun (country) under the direction of a Shugodai, but there were also times when these terms were also used to refer to a Shugodai.

幹の途中から、放射状に細かく分かれてどれが主幹なのか、区別のつかなくなった樹形で、それがあたかも竹箒に似ているので箒立ちと呼ぶ。
Bonsai with the branches spraying out from half way up the trunk such that the main branch cannot be distinguished are called Hokidachi style bonsai because they look just like bamboo brooms.

「般若の面（はんにゃ）」と呼ばれる女の鬼の面の中でも、もっとも罪業深く、ほとんどヘビになってしまった面を真蛇（しんじゃ）と呼ぶ。
Among female demon masks called 'Hanya [female demon] masks,' the one which almost became a snake with the worst karma is called Shinja.

後世、少年や武家の袴として白や浅葱の大口袴を独立して使うようになったため、正式な肌袴としての大口袴を特に赤大口と呼ぶこともある。
The authentic okuchi bakama was sometimes called 'akaokuchi,' to differentiate it from white or pale blue okuchi bakama which was later worn by boys or samurai as outer wear.

現在では白髪大根などの「ケン」と海藻などの「ツマ」、ワサビなどの「辛み」の区別が無くなりつつあり、全て「つま」と呼ぶことが多い。
In the present-day, there are no distinction between 'ken' such as fine strips of raw daikon radish, 'tsuma' such as seaweeds, and 'karami' such wasabi, and all of them are often referred to as 'tsuma.'

特に浄土思想の普及や禅宗の伝来の影響によって新しく成立した仏教宗派のことを鎌倉新仏教（かまくらしんぶっきょう）と呼ぶ場合もある。
Sometimes the Buddhist sects which were newly established by the influence of the spread of Jodo-shiso (Pure Land Buddhism) and the introduction of the Zen sect are especially called 'Kamakura Shin Bukkyo' (Kamakura New Buddhism').

山名を四王寺山とも呼ぶが、これは光仁天皇宝亀5年（774年）に、外敵駆逐を祈願して山頂に円満山四王院が建立された経緯からと云う。
This mountain is also called Mt. Shioji, which derives from the fact that Shio-in Temple on Mt. Enman was built on the mountaintop in 774 praying for repulsing the foreign enemy.

ボウリングでレーンオイルの乗り方が、レーン中央が厚め（滑りやすい）で左右が薄め（滑りにくい）の状態のことを「カマボコ型」と呼ぶ。
In bowling, when the lane oil is spread thickly on the central lane (slippery) and thinly toward the edges of the lane (not slippery), it's called 'kamaboko-gata' (kamaboko style).

これを「オバケ」と呼ぶ（一説には当初は子供の様な格好をしたことから「お坊髪」と呼ばれ、それが「お化け」になったといわれている）。
This custom is called 'obake' (according to one theory, it is claimed that people originally disguised themselves as children with a child-like hairstyle called 'obokami (お坊髪) (a hairstyle for children),' but the term was changed to 'obake').

この炭酸飲料を「サイダー」と呼ぶのは日本と大韓民国だけの表現で、本来は「リンゴ酒」（英 /サイダー、仏 /シードル）のことである。
Only people in Japan and the Republic of Korea call this soda saida (equivalent to cider), which originally means alcoholic drink made from apples (British English/cider, French/cidre).

ただし、近年では一般社会と多少の意識がずれた、若しくは或る種の名門的な存在の特別な社会としてあえて歌舞伎界を梨園と呼ぶことがある。
However in the recent years, rien is sometimes employed to mean the world of Kabuki as something which does not quite reflect the public at large, or a kind of an exclusive society that serves only elites.

また、「相撲取りの小結が幕の内力士であることから小さなおむすびの入っている弁当を幕の内弁当と呼ぶようになった」などの説も存在する。
Another is that as Komusubi (a sumo wrestler of the fourth highest rank) is one of Makunouchi-rikishi (wrestlers in the senior division), people came to call the bento with small rice balls (which can be called Komusubi in Japanese) Makunouchi-bento.

縞模様のネコはトラネコと呼ばれ、茶縞のものをチャトラ、こげ茶縞のものをキジトラ、灰色縞のものをサバトラと特に分けて呼ぶ場合もある。
A cat with a pattern of stripes is referred to as Tabby Cat, and sometimes called specifically in different terms; one with brown stripes is Red Tabby or Orange Tabby, one with dark brown stripes is Brown Tabby, and one with grey stripes is Grey Tabby.

その後、院政を行った上皇はいるが、天皇家の家督者としての実権を有していたとは言えず、治天と呼ぶにはふさわしくないと考えられている。
After that although some retired emperor ruled the cloistered government, it was different from the head of the Imperial Family ruling politics, therefore, this type of government could not be called Chiten.

基本的には天下一品のラーメンスープは「こってり」（名古屋等「スタミナ」と呼ぶ店もあり）と「あっさり」の二種類から選ぶことができる。
Basically, diners at Tenka-ippin shops are able to choose between two types of ramen soup, 'kotteri' or 'thick' (they sometimes call it 'stamina' at shops in Nagoya and other places) and 'assari' or 'plain.'

古市・小堀・萱野の三家で伝承したことからそれぞれ古市流(ふるいちりゅう)・小堀流(こぼりりゅう)・萱野流(かやのりゅう)とも呼ぶ。
The school was succeeded to by the three families of Furuichi, Kobori, and Kayano; therefore, they are called as the Furuichi-ryu school, the Kobori-ryu school, and the Kayano-ryu school respectively.

それ以外にも酵母、乳酸菌など多くのものに支えられて日本酒が醸造されるので、広義にはそれらすべてを「日本酒の原料」と呼ぶこともある。
Other than such ingredients, as sake is brewed using many substances such as yeast and lactic acid bacterium, all of them are in certain cases called 'ingredients for making sake.'

それが、刀身は白鞘に入れ、外装にはつなぎ（2）を入れて別に保管するようになった為、分けて呼ぶ必要が生じ「拵」と呼ばれるようになった。
Later, when blades and fittings came to be preserved separately, in shirasaya and using tsunagi (wooden blade used for storing fittings) respectively, the two had to be differentiated and the term 'koshirae' was coined.

統一政権の成立とともに、桂宮、有栖川宮、閑院宮の3家が相次いで創設され、伏見宮とあわせて、この4つの世襲親王家を「四親王家」と呼ぶ。
After political power was united into, three Miyake, Katsuranomiya, Arisugawanomiya, and Kaninnomiya were established one after another, these are called 'the Four Imperial families' including Fushiminomiya.

中世以後、血脈相承によって代々受け継がれてきた宗門・教団の門主・管長などの最高指導者、大本山住職などを尊んで法主と呼ぶようになった。
After medieval times, the supreme leaders such as chief priests of the sect and religious community which had been succeeded for generations by kechimyaku sojo (Transmission of the Heritage; the secret transmission from the Great Master to only one disciple) and the head priests of the grand head temple had been called hoshu as a honorific title.

日置弾正の高弟の一人に吉田重賢がおり、以後主に吉田氏により継承されたので吉田流ともいうが、現在では一部を除き日置流と呼ぶ場合が多い。
One of the best pupils of Danjo HEKI was Shigekata YOSHIDA; thereafter, the teachings were chiefly succeeded to the Yoshida clan, and it was also known as the Yoshida style, however now, except for a certain segment, it is often called the Heki school.

アメリカでは、コーヒー豆をミルで挽いた粉状のもの（レギュラーコーヒー）を缶詰にしたものを「Can Coffee」と呼ぶ（⇒和製英語）。
In the United States, mill-ground coffee beans in a powdery state (Regular coffee) and canned is called 'Can Coffee' (=>Waseieigo Japanese word constructed of elements from one or more English terms).

中国では全般に用いる「粥（ジョウ）」の他、米のものを「大米粥（ダーミージョウ）」、「稀飯（シーファン）」、「糜（ミー）」なととも呼ぶ。
In China, the word 'zhou' is used to refer to porridge in general, while rice porridge is known by names including 'da mi zhou,' 'xi fan' or 'mi.'

明治時代に日本に導入された油絵を「洋画」と呼ぶのに対して、油彩に依らず、それまでの日本の伝統的な技法や様式の上に育てられた絵画を指す。
While oil painting, which was introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, is called Yo-ga (foreign style painting), Nihon-ga refers to paintings which utilize traditional Japanese techniques and styles and rather than being reliant on oil paint.

トラディショナル（スタイル）の略で、米国系、ブリティッシュ系トラディショナルなどに、ときには日本独自のニュートラなども含めて呼ぶ総称。
Trad stands for traditional style, and is a generic term of styles including the American style, British traditional style, and sometimes the new traditional style unique to Japan.

帝紀とは上記の特定の書物だけを指すとする説の他に、特定の書物だけを指すのではなく天皇家の系譜の伝承を記した書物全般を帝紀と呼ぶとする説
Besides a theory that says the Teiki indicated only a specific book of Ancient Japanese Literature, there is a theory that says the Teiki indicated not only a specific book but also the whole books which record the tradition of the genealogy of the Imperial Family

大正時代の頃までは、裁縫といえば和裁のことであったが、洋裁と区別するために、和服の裁縫のことを和服裁縫、または和裁と呼ぶようになった。
Until the Taisho period, 'saiho' (sewing) meant wasai, but in order to distinguish between 'yosai' (dressmaking), sewing wafuku came to be referred to as 'wafukusaiho' or 'wasai.'

なお、鎌倉時代の武家住宅の様式を「武家造」と呼ぶことがあるが、寝殿造を簡略化したもので独自の様式ではないとするのが建築史の通説である。
Although the design of samurai houses in the Kamakura period is sometimes called 'bukezukuri,' accepted theory in architectural history says it is not an original style but a simplified version of shinden-zukuri.

左部のものを弓手の草摺（ゆんでのくさずり、「太刀懸の草摺」・「射向の草摺」とも）、右部のものを脇楯の草摺（わいだてのくさずり）と呼ぶ。
The left one is called 'Yunde no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for the shooting arm), 'Tachikake no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for sword-hanging) or 'Imuke no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for shooting), while the right one is called 'Waidate no Kusazuri' (lower body armor for shoulder shield).

祭場の中には木の台（八脚台という）を並べ、その中央に神籬（ひもろぎ、大榊に御幣・木綿を付けた物で、これに神を呼ぶ）を立てて祭壇となす。
In the ceremonial site, an eight-legged wooden stand (called hakkyaku-dai) is placed, representing an altar, in the center of which a himorogi (a branch of the evergreen sacred osakaki tree adorned with a gohei (a wooden wand with zigzag paper strips) and yu (wood fiber used to make washi paper), into which the god is invited to descend) is erected.

西洋の吸血鬼や狼男だけでなく、中国の奇書『山海経』など、中国由来のものを含め「大陸妖怪」や各々「西洋妖怪」・「中国妖怪」と呼ぶ例もある。
Examples include not only the vampires and werewolves of the west, but also those of Chinese origin such as the ones in the rare Chinese book, 'Shan Hai Jing' classics of mountains and seas), and they are called 'tairiku yokai' (continental yokai), or 'seiyo yokai' (western yokai) and 'chugoku yokai' (Chinese yokai), respectively.

几帳に用いる薄絹を「帷（かたびら）」、Ｔの上の部分に当たる横木を「手」、Ｔの縦棒に当たる柱を「足」、根元の台を「土居（つちい）」と呼ぶ。
The diaphanous silk used in Kicho screens is called 'Katabira,' the upper sections off either side of the upper part of the 'T' are called 'arms,' the vertical uprights are called 'legs' and, the base is called the 'Tsuchii' (lit. 'on the ground').

それでもなお保守的な男髷姿の人を（半ば揶揄して）「丁髷頭」と呼ぶようになり、現在、この呼称が男髷全体の名称として用いられるようになった。
Nevertheless, conservative people who still tied topknots for men were called 'chonmage atama' (in a playful way), and this naming has been used as the general term for topknots for men.

大正ロマン（たいしょうろまん：しばしば「大正浪漫」とも表記される）とは、大正時代の雰囲気を伝える思潮や文化事象を指して呼ぶことばである。
Taisho Roman (often described in the Chinese character '大正浪漫') refers to a trend of thought or cultural events that conveys the atmosphere of the Taisho period.

皇后が2人いることからその呼称の区別が問題となり、付置されている官司にちなみ、遵子を「皇后宮」と呼び、定子を「中宮」と呼ぶこととされた。
Since the distinction between the names of the two empresses became a problem, Junshi was called Kisai no miya (empress) and Teishi was called 'chugu' according to the offices of government officials assigned to them.

神社建築においては、屋根の最頂部にある構造材の棟木（むなぎ）の上に鰹木（かつおぎ）と呼ぶ屋根を押さえる重石の役目を担う水平材が取り付く。
In shrine and temple buildings, straight pieces of wood called Katsuogi are placed on the ridge wood provided at the top of a roof, to press and fix the roof.

武術としての柔術には、現代柔道、合気道、ブラジリアン柔術等は含まれないが、より明確に分けるために「古流柔術」と呼ぶ事もある（下に記す）。
Jujutsu as the martial art does not include the modern judo, aikido, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and the like, so it is sometimes called 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu, mentioned below) to make a clear distinction between itself and these martial arts.

文化頃に大阪の市浦検校が、地歌曲に箏の手付をする際、原曲の三味線の旋律とは違う旋律を工夫し（これを替手式箏曲と呼ぶ）、合奏の効果を高めた。
Around the Bunka era, kengyo ICHIURA exercised his ingenuity in creating melodies differently from the shamisen melody of the original song when playing the koto for jiuta song (we call this 'kaede shiki sokyoku' (koto music with accompanying melody style)) and enhanced the ensemble effect.

この事から南へ下った所でそれまでと違う形のだんじりが出来たそれを下地車と呼び対して従来の形のものを上地車と呼ぶようになったと言う説もある。
From this, in the areas further south, danjiri was created in a form that was different from the conventional form, and according to one view, this type of danjiri is called shimo danjiri as opposed to the traditional form which is called kami danjiri.

神社名や地名を用いる以外では、その神社の祭神の数で「六所権現」などと呼ぶこともある（この場合は複数の神をひとまとまりの神としてみている）。
Besides, there are cases in which the number of deities to which a shrine is dedicated is attached to the title of gongen, as is the case of 'Rokusho Gongen' (Six Deities' Gongen); in this case, the six deities are taken as a group.

これは、丑の方と寅の方の間の方角（艮うしとら）を鬼門と呼ぶことによるもので、牛の角と体、虎の牙と爪を持ち、虎の皮を身に付けているとされた。
This stems from the fact that the direction between Ushi (ox) and Tora (tiger), which is northeast (Ushitora), is called Kimon (ogre gate), and an oni was supposed to have the horns and body of an ox, have the fangs and claws of a tiger and wear a tiger skin.

禅宗史において、六祖慧能の南宗禅の系統の中で、南嶽懐譲の後継である馬祖道一に始まる系譜を、その活動拠点である江西省によって、洪州宗と呼ぶ。
In the history of the Zen sect, among the branch sects of Nanshu-zen (Nanzong-chan) from the sixth leader Eno (Huineng), the sect, founded by Baso Doitsu (Mazu Daoyi) who was a successor of Nangaku Ejo (Nanyue Huanrang), has been called the Koshu sect after the sect's base Jiangxi-sheng.

また道祖神のことをシャグジともいうことから、シャグジに将軍の字を当て、道祖神と習合した地蔵を将軍地蔵(勝軍とも書く)とも呼ぶようになった。
Moreover, because Doso-shin is called Shaguji, the Jizo Bosatsu that syncretized with Doso-shin came to be called Shogun (将軍) Jizo by combining the letters of 'Shogun' with 'Shaguji' (it is also written as 勝軍 (Shogun)).

このように単一種の酒米から造った日本酒を、蔵言葉では「単米酒（たんまいしゅ）」あるいは「一米酒（いちまいざけ/いっこめざけ）」などと呼ぶ。
Such sake that is produced with a single variety is called 'tanmaishu' or 'ichimaishu/ikkomezake' in the language of sake brewing.

四座のうち奈良から京都に進出した観世、宝生を上掛り（かみがかり）と呼び、引き続き奈良を根拠地とした金春、金剛を下掛り（しもがかり）と呼ぶ。
Among the four theatres, Kanze and Hosho (which advanced from Nara to Kyoto) are called Kami-gakari, while Komparu and Kongo (which continued to be based in Nara for their activities) are called Shimo-gakari.

独特の誇張された役者絵によって話題を呼ぶが、特徴を誇張しすぎ、人気が振るわなかったことと、歌川豊国『役者舞台姿絵』の絶大な人気に敗退した。
Though he attracted public attention with his uniquely exaggerated Yakushae, his popularity made a poor showing due to the excessive exaggeration of features, and he was defeated by 'Yakusha butai no sugatae' (likenesses of actors on the stage) by Toyokuni UTAGAWA, which were overwhelmingly popular.

広島県広島市を中心とする地方では、一般家庭でも外食産業でも「むすび」（ないしは「おむすび」）と呼ぶ傾向にあるが、無論「おにぎり」でも通じる。
Particularly in and around Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture, both general household and food-service industry tend to call 'musubi' (also called as 'omusubi'), but of course 'onigiri' is understandable.

もち米に米以外の材料を混ぜて炊いたご飯を、「おこわ（こわめし）」「おこわ」と呼ぶが、これらの語は色付けにアズキをいれた赤飯を指す場合が多い。
A rice dish cooked with glutinous rice mixed with ingredients other than rice is called 'okowa' or 'kowameshi,' but these words often refer to sekihan (red rice) that uses azuki beans to add color (red).

天皇の呼称に統一性を持たせる意味や、明治以降の「元号天皇の呼称」という規則（一世一元の制）に倣う意味で、「平成天皇」と呼ぶことは便利である。
It is convenient to call 'Heisei Tenno' (Emperor Heisei) in the meaning of creating uniformity in the names of the emperors or following the rule of 'name of gengo (era name) emperor' (the practice of assigning one era name to one emperor).

東海地方を含む西日本では「天かす」と呼ぶ人が全国平均より多く、関東、甲信越、北海道では「揚げ玉」という人が平均より多いという結果が出ている。
In western Japan, including the Tokai region, the result showed that the number of people who called it 'tenkasu' exceeded the national average, while in the Kanoto, Koshinetsu, and Hokkaido region, the number of people who called it 'age-dama' are higher than the national average.

なお握った飯の側面に海苔を巻き、上にイクラ、ウニなど崩れやすい材料を乗せたものを「軍艦巻」と呼ぶが、これは握り寿司の一種として扱われている。
Sushi made by wrapping dried seaweed around rice and after placing delicate fillings such as salmon roe, sea urchin, etc. in the rice is called 'battleship roll sushi,' but, this is considered as a kind of Nigiri-zushi.

幹が著しく捩れているもの、または捩れて成長する性質のものを捩幹と呼び、幹が更にネジれた状態、あたかも蛇がとぐろを巻いた様な樹形を蟠幹と呼ぶ。
Bonsai with remarkably twisted trunks are called Nejikan (twisted trunks) while those that are even more twisted or coiled like a snake are called Bankan style.

總持寺では大悲心陀羅尼を一音ずつ長く引いて読む「大真読」と呼ぶ諷経法があるが、これは永光寺からやってくる峨山を待つために始められたともいう。
In Soji-ji Temple, there is a way of lengthening the pronunciation of each word in the Daihishindarani, a method called Fugin-hou, which is said to have started in order to wait for the arrival of Gazan from Eiko-ji Temple.

単に仏教伝来と呼ぶこともあるが、後述のごとく公伝以前に、すでに私的な信仰としては伝来していたと考えられるため、「公伝」と称されることが多い。
Although it is sometimes called simply 'introduction of Buddhism,' the expression 'official introduction' is often used because it had been already introduced as a private belief before the official introduction as mentioned below.

そののち、切妻屋根の隣家との間についた小さい防火壁で、1階屋根と2階屋根の間に張り出すように設けられているものも「うだつ」と呼ぶようになる。
Later, a small fire-preventive wall was placed between gabled roofs of adjacent houses so that the wall protruded between the first floor roof and the second floor roof, and this wall became to be called udatsu.

三曲系の演奏者のあいだでは、古典的な地歌箏曲を古曲、宮城道雄などの明治期から戦前までの楽曲曲を新曲、それ以降の楽曲を現代曲と呼ぶこともある。
Among sankyoku ensemble performers, classical jiuta-sokyoku pieces (jiuta compositions based on the koto part) are referred to as kokyoku (old pieces, or classical pieces), pieces composed by Michio MIYAGI and other from the Meiji period up to the beginning of WWI are referred to as shinkyoku (new pieces), and pieces composed subsequently are referred to as modern pieces.

和楽器の場合、弦楽器は糸 (絹糸) を用い、管楽器は竹でできているので、楽器、ひいては音楽を「糸竹 (いとたけ・しちく)」と呼ぶこともある。
Because strings (silk strings) are used in stringed Wagakki and bamboo are used in wind Wagakki, the Wagakki, and even music played by them, are sometimes referred to as 'Ito-take or shi-chiku,' which means 'strings and bamboo.'

逆に「ソースカツ丼」などが一般的でありそれを単に「カツ丼」と呼ぶエリアでは、卵とじカツ丼のことを「煮カツ丼」などと呼んで区別する場合がある。
Conversely, in regions where 'sauce katsudon' is most popular and is therefore simply called 'katsudon,' the tamagotoji katsudon is designated 'ni katsudon' (a bowl of rice topped with a stewed cutlet) to distinguish it from the standard sauce katsudon.

加えて、懐石料理は本来量が少なかったことから、量の少ないコース料理全般を懐石と呼ぶ傾向があり洋風懐石や欧風懐石といった名称の料理が存在する。
In addition, kaiseki ryori was originally served in small portions and generally multi-course meals with small portions tended to be called kaiseki, with the result that there are western kaiseki and European kaiseki.

正員の郡司が決まると、擬任郡司は自然に失職したが、後に国によっては国司が郡司を臨時に増員する権限を与えられ、臨時増員の郡司も擬任郡司と呼ぶ。
When an official Gunji was appointed, Ginin Gunji naturally lost their position, but Kokushi in some provinces were later given authority to increase the number of Gunji temporarily, and those temporary Gunji were also called Ginin Gunji.

オオシマザクラ、ヤマザクラ等を元に作り出したと見られる一連の品種を総称してサトザクラと呼び、それに類する桜の品種を総称してサトザクラ群と呼ぶ。
It is assumed to have been created from Oshimazakura, Yamazakura, and others, and the line of species are all called Satozakura and the species belonging to Satozakura are called Satozakura group.

（例「東映まんがまつり」「まんが日本昔ばなし」など）このため中高年を中心に今でもアニメや特撮番組を漫画、あるいはテレビまんがと呼ぶ者もいる。
(For example, 'Toei Manga Festival' and 'Manga Once Upon a Time in Japan') Thus, mainly among the middle-aged and older, some people call anime and special effects program manga or TV manga.

また日本全国にうどんとそばの両方を供する「そば屋」と称する店が多いが、近畿ではうどんを注文する客のほうが多いため「うどん屋」と呼ぶことが多い。
There are lots of shops named 'Soba-ya' (Soba shop) nationwide where both Udon noodles and Soba are listed on the menu, however in the Kinki region, such shops are named 'Udon-ya' (Udon noodles shop) because customers order Udon noodles more frequently than Soba.

松井松葉『悪源太』（1899年）、坪内逍遥『桐一葉』（1904年）を皮切りに、明治後期から昭和始めに書かれたこれら一連の作品を新歌舞伎と呼ぶ。
A series of such kabuki plays, written from the late Meiji period to the beginning of the Showa period, are called Shin Kabuki, starting from 'Akugenta' (Wicked Genta) by Shoyo MATSUI (1899) and 'Kiri Hitoha' (a single paulownia leaf) by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI (1904).

仏間に本尊阿弥陀如来立像を安置することから「本堂」とも呼ぶが、解体修理の際に発見された墨書等から、建設当時は「大書院」と称されたことがわかる。
It is also called 'hondo' (main hall) since the principle image, the standing statue of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), is enshrined at the butsuma, but from bokusho (writing in India ink) and other articles found when repairing with dismantling, it is understood that it was called 'Oshoin' at the time of construction.

八拍子で謡われる部分を「拍子合」（ひょうしあい）と呼び、標準的なテンポを平ノリ（ひらのり）、速めのテンポを中ノリ、遅めのテンポを大ノリと呼ぶ。
The portion chanted with the eight-beat rhythm is called 'Hyoshi-ai (congruent rhythm)' and the standard tempo is called 'Hiranori,' the fast tempo is called 'Chunori,' and the slow tempo is called 'Onori'.

1～3について「二条城」と呼ぶのは4.が完成した江戸時代以降のことであり、4と区別する趣旨で「旧二条城」「二条古城」などと呼ばれることもある。
1 though 3 came to be called 'Nijo-jo Castle' after completion of 4 during the Edo Period, and they have also been referred to as 'Kyu Nijo-jo' and 'Nijo Kojo' (both meaning 'old Nijo-jo Castle') in order to distinguish them from 4.

今出川・同志社大学新町校地・同志社大学室町校地の3校地は近接しており、ほぼ一体として利用されており、3校地を併せて今出川校地と呼ぶことが多い。
As Doshisha University's Imadegawa-kochi, Shinmachi-kochi and Muromachi-kochi are located in proximity, these three campuses are being used in an integrated fashion and they are often collectively called Imadegawa-kochi.

また、半玉も含めての「若手芸妓」を「きらり妓さん」（神奈川・箱根湯本温泉）「からり妓さん」（福島・会津東山温泉）といった愛称で呼ぶところもある。
Also, in some places, 'younger geigi,' including hangyoku, are called by terms of endearment such as 'kirariko-san' (in Hakone Yumoto Hot Spring Resort, Kanagawa Prefecture) and 'karariko-san' (Aizu Higashiyama Hot Spring Resort, Fukushima Prefecture).

また、俗な表現として袍を着用した姿の総称を「衣冠束帯」と呼ぶことがあるが、装束の構成や着用する場面に於いて、本来は衣冠と束帯は厳密に区分される。
Also in common parlance, general term of the figures wearing ho is sometimes called 'ikan-sokutai,' but fundamentally, ikan and sokutai should be strictly distinguished by the structure of the shozoku (costume) and occasions in which they are worn.

これを守り刀と呼ぶ由来は武士の社会で、刀によって魔を斬るといった意味や魔物の使いとされていた猫が光り物を嫌がるので刀を置くことが魔よけとされた。
This is called Mamorigatana (a sword for protection) due to the implication of cutting down evil spirits with a sword in the society of the samurai class and because cats avoid shining objects which were regarded as a magic creatures.

通常は簪とは区別されるが櫛は「くし」と呼び「苦死」とも解釈されることから贈り物とする際には目録上は簪、もしくは髪飾りと呼ぶ建前が珍しくなかった。
Although it is usually distinguished from kanzashi, the word 簪 (kanzashi) or 髪飾り (hair ornamentation) was often used for a gift catalogue because 'kushi' (櫛) (comb) can be translated into 'kushi' (苦死) (painful death).

「寺田（てらだ）」、「神田(かんだ)」「御神田」とも呼ばれるが、一般に「寺田」「神田」と呼ぶ場合は領田そのもののことを指し行事のことは指さない。
It is also called as 'Terada (Temple-Rice field), ''Kanda' and 'Omita,' however, they genrally refer to the territory itself, not the rites and festivals.

そのため、これまでのジャンルとしての演歌の枠に納まらない楽曲も多くなり、ジャンル名としての呼び名が演歌から演歌・歌謡曲と呼ぶようにもなりつつある。
Therefore, many songs have come to extend beyond traditional enka genre boundaries, and the name of the genre is changing from enka to enka kayo kyoku.

この頃から京都では、下京にあった藪内家を下流と呼び、これに対して上京の三千家をひとまとめに上流と呼ぶ習慣があり、同流儀の三家として認識されていた。
At around this time in Kyoto, there was a custom of referring to Yabunouchi family in Shimogyo as the Shimo School and the Sansenke in Kamigyo as the Kami School, and the three households were recognized as a single school.

これとは別に、親方と弟子の関係から親方を「父（ちゃん）」弟子を「子（こ）」と置き換え、師弟共に食べるものを「ちゃんこ」と呼ぶようになった説もある。
In addition to the above views, there is a view that oyakata (stablemaster) was replaced with 'chan (father)' and deshi (pupil) with 'ko (child)' based on the relationships between oyakata and deshi, and then dishes eaten by oyakata and deshi together were called 'chanko.'

1531年には本願寺教団内部で対立（後の山科本願寺焼討事件まで含めて享禄・天文の乱と呼ぶ）が起こるが、証如はこれを抑えて法主の指導力強化に努めた。
In 1531, a conflict within the Hongan-ji religious group occurred (it is called the Kyoroku-Tenbun War (Kyoroku-Tenbun Rebellion) including the later incidents until when Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple was burned down), but Syonyo resolved this conflict and made efforts to strengthen the leadership of Hoshu (high priest).

愛媛県今治市では揚げる前にタレに漬けて味付けした鶏の唐揚げを「せんざんき」（「千斬切」の字も当てられる）、東予地方では同じものを「ざんき」と呼ぶ。
In Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture, fried chicken made with chicken that was pre-seasoned by being soaked in sauce is called 'senzanki' (the Chinese characters '千斬切' are also used), and this same dish is called 'zanki' in the Toyo region.

この場合の加熱処理を殺青（さっせい、shāqīng）と呼び、また、これを蒸製により行なった場合を特に蒸青（じょうせい、zhēngqīng）と呼ぶ。
The heat treatment mentioned above is called Sassei (shāqīng), and the heat treatment conducted by steaming is called Josei (zhēngqīng).

なお、室町期に成立した大和猿楽の外山座（とびざ）・結崎座（ゆうさきざ）・坂戸座（さかどざ）・円満井座（えんまいざ）を大和四座（やまとしざ）と呼ぶ。
Tobi-za, Yuzaki-za, Sakado-za, and Enmai-za, which were the Yamato Sarugaku (literally 'Japanese Monkey Music') established during Muromachi Period, were collectively called Yamato-shiza (literally 'Japanese four Theatres').
In the meantime, four troupes of Yamato sarugaku which were organized in the Muromachi period, Tobiza, Yusakiza, Sakadoza and Enmaiza, are collectively called Yamato-shiza.

申次（もうしつぎ）とは、奏者（そうじゃ/そうしゃ）とも呼ばれ、主君に奏事伝達を行う役目を担った役職、あるいは奏事伝達行為そのものを「申次」と呼ぶ。
Moshitsugi (an official for conveying a message) which is also called Souja/Shosha, refers to a position in charge of reporting information to a lord, or refers to the act of reporting information itself.

すり鉢は、狭義には上記に示した日本独自の調理器具であるが、広義には日本以外で利用されている同様の目的をもった調理器具も便宜上すり鉢と呼ぶことがある。
In a narrow sense, Suribachi cookware is unique to Japan as mentioned above, but in a broader sense, other cookware which are used for the same purpose in other countries are also called Suribachi in some cases.

このような念仏の展開の中に、原始経典の「南無仏」のように口称念仏として仏の名を呼ぶことによって、仏を具体的に感得しようとする信者たちの思いがあった。
Within the spread of nenbutsu, there was a desire in believers to try to tangibly perceive the Buddha by chanting the name Nenbutsu, like 'namubutsu' in an original sutra.

特に興福寺が守護職を務めた大和国では、国内の武士を自寺の衆徒として組み入れたために同国の武士（大和武士（やまとぶし））を指して衆徒と呼ぶ場合もある。
Because in Yamato Province, where Kofuku-ji Temple was in charge of shugoshiki (post of the provincial constable), it incorporated warriors as its own shuto, some people refer to the warrior in Yamato Province (Yamato warrior) as shuto.

「普通公衆浴場」とは、おおよそ「日常生活における保健衛生上必要な入浴のために設けられた公衆浴場」と定義され、一般に「普通公衆浴場」を「銭湯」と呼ぶ。
The term 'ordinary public bathhouse' is generally defined as a 'public bathhouse established for the basic necessities for health in daily life,' and 'ordinary public bathhouses' are generally called 'sento.'

この他にも上方では新八橋流、藤池流なども生まれたが、それら各流間の差異は大同小異であり、次第に「生田流系」とでも呼ぶべき一つの流れに収束して行った。
Shin-yatsuhashi school (New Yatsuhashi school) and Fujiike school also were established in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area), but the styles taught in these schools were very similar and gradually integrated into what should be called the 'Ikuta School Style.'

また、本場中国の茶器「唐物」がもてはやされ、大金を使って蒐集し、これを使用して盛大な茶会を催すことが大名の間で流行した（これを「唐物数寄」と呼ぶ）。
In addition, genuine Chinese tea utensils called 'karamono' (things imported from China) were praised at that time, and it became popular among daimyo (feudal lords) to collect them in quantity and hold tea parties using these (this was called 'karamono suki' (the taste for karamono)).

また派生して団子状の丸いもの、もしくは丸まったもののことを団子と呼ぶ場合もある（例えば土団子、ダンプリング、ミートボール（肉団子）、クネードルなど）。
In Japan, some small balls are called 'dango', for example, a ball made of earth (children often make it at sandboxes or beaches) is called 'tsuchi-dango' (literally, 'earth dango'); meatballs are called 'niku-dango' (literally, 'meat dango') and other foods for dishes such as dumplings and knaidlach are called 'dango' as well.

一般的に折り紙と同様の呼ばれ方をする場合も多いが、現代では特に洋紙で作られている正方形の模様が入った紙を折り紙、和紙で作られているものを千代紙と呼ぶ。
Generally, it is often called in the same way as origami but, today, those square sheets of paper made of western paper with patterns are called 'origami' and those made of Japanese paper are called 'chiyogami.'

鎌倉時代の僧侶・一向俊聖（暦仁2年（1239年）? - 弘安10年（1287年）?、以下「一向」と表記）を祖とする宗派を「一向宗」と呼ぶ場合がある。
The sect founded by the monk Ikko Shunsho (ca.1239 - ca.1287) during the Kamakura period is sometimes called 'Ikkoshu.'

清代で採用した時憲暦では二十四節気の間隔が変動する定気法を採用したため、嘉慶 (中国)年間より春分を含む月を2月（如月）と呼ぶように規則が変更された。
The Chinese calendar which was used by the Qing Dynasty, used a method for determination of 24 divisions of the old calendar based on the ecliptic cycle, in which an interval between 24 divisions of the old calendar varied, and in the Kakei era (China) rules were revised to call the month including the Spring equinox February (Kisaragi).

人形浄瑠璃の演目を移植したものは丸本物と呼ばれる（義太夫狂言と呼ぶ場合も多いが、これは義太夫節を用いる歌舞伎の称であり、意味するところは多少異なる）。
Kabuki Kyogen, with stories that came from Ningyo Joruri are called 'Maruhonmono' (doll theater); in many cases, they are also called 'Gidayu-kyogen,' but 'Gidayu-kyogen' is the name of the Kabuki which uses 'Gidayu-bushi' (the musical narrative of the puppet shows), so it differs a bit from Maruhonmono.

本来「内裏雛」とは雛人形の男雛と女雛の一対を指すが、男雛を「お内裏様」、女雛を「お雛様」と呼ぶ誤りは童謡「うれしいひなまつり」の歌詞から一般化している。
The dairi-bina (literally, Imperial Palace's dolls) originally indicated the pair of the Hina-matsuri dolls, the obina and mebina; however, the mistakes of calling the obina 'Odairi-sama' and the mebina 'Ohina-sama' became a common practice due to the lyrics of the children's song 'Ureshii Hinamatsuri' (Happy Hina-matsuri).

三人称として、敬称をつけずに「今の天皇」「現在の天皇」「今上天皇」と呼ばれることもあるが、近年では「お上」「聖上」などの婉曲表現で呼ぶことはまれである。
Tenno is sometimes called 'Tenno in nowadays,' 'present Tenno,' and 'Kinjo Tenno' as the third person, which are without honorific titles, but it is rare to call Tenno in euphemistic expressions such as 'Okami' and 'Seijo' in recent years.

これは壁材の木材が三角形構造をした甲倉において良く用いられ、後世には両者が混同されて甲倉構造をした倉庫を特に校倉造（あぜくらづくり）と呼ぶようになった。
This warehouse structure is often used for yagura whose lumber for wall material is triangle structure, and later days, azekura and yagura were mixed up and the yagura structure warehouse is especially called azekura-zukuri style.

2006（平成18）年には三代目中村鴈治郎が上方における伝説的名跡の坂田藤十郎を四代目として襲名、埋もれた狂言の復活上演など話題を呼ぶことも多くなった。
In 2006 Ganjiro NAKAMURA IV succeeded Tojuro SAKATA, which is a legendary name in Kamigata, as yondaime (IV), and talk including revival performances of old program increased.

江戸時代になると、江戸城内に1月2日（のちには1月3日）の夜に大名らを集めておこなう謡初を松囃子と呼ぶようになり、町人にもこの慣わしが広まったとされる。
During the Edo period, Utaizome (first-song performance of the year), which was performed in Edo-jo Castle on the night of January 2 (later January 3) by feudal lords, came to be called the Matsubayashi, and this custom supposedly spread among the merchants.

かつては、鰹節と呼び、広く流通していたが、かつお以外を原料とするものまで混じっていたことから、商品としての誤解を避けるため、「削り節」と呼ぶこととなった。
Formerly, it had been popular under the name of 'katsuobushi' which meant literally 'shavings of dried bonito,' but since the term was often used to include products of fish other than bonito, it became to be called 'kezuribushi' (shavings of dried fish) in order to avoid misunderstanding caused by its name.

広島以外の地域ではこれらの麺入りのお好み焼きを関西風と区別する意味もこめ、総じて「広島焼き」と呼ぶことが多いが、広島人であれば必ずと言っていい程使わない。
Except in the Hiroshima region, in order to distinguish the okonomiyaki including these noodles from Kansaifu-okonomiyaki, it is generally called 'hiroshimayaki' (Hiroshima-style savory pancake with various ingredients) but people in Hiroshima never use this word.

手事物(てごともの) は、三曲の音楽である地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽において、器楽部である手事を備えた楽曲形式 (この場合『手事物形式』とも呼ぶ)、また曲種のこと。
Tegotomono is the style of composition which has instrumental parts (here, it is also called 'tegotomono-form') or the kind of songs in sankyoku music which consists of jiuta, so (or koto) music and kokyu (Chinese fiddle) music.

いずれも醤油をムラサキ、酢飯をシャリ、茶をアガリと呼ぶのと同じ寿司屋の符牒であるため、本来は客が使うべきではない言葉であるが、普通名詞として一般化している。
The name is a jargon of sushi restaurant where they call soy sauce 'murasaki,' vinegared rice 'shari,' or green tea 'agari,' thus it is not originally a word to be used by customers; however, it has become popular as a common noun.

「三代目」とはいいながら、この「市川壽海」の名跡を襲名したのはこの太田照造ただ一人なので、かれのことを単に市川壽海（いちかわじゅかい）と呼ぶこともあった。
Although, he was called 'Sandaime' (third), only Shozo OTA used the name 'Jukai ICHIKAWA,' and he was sometimes simply called 'Jukai ICHIKAWA.'

さらに、餅の上にかけるものも餡というようになり、「あんかけ」などに使う、でん粉に水分を加えて加熱し、糊化したものも葛餡など、餡という言葉で呼ぶようになった。
Furthermore, the paste on top of rice cakes also came to be called 'an', as is the liquid starch made from water added to starch and heated to form gelatin, which is used in food dressings like 'ankake'.

以前から知られている酒船石に加えて、平成12年(2000年)の発掘で発見された亀形石造物と小判形石造物および周辺の遺構を含めて酒船石遺跡と呼ぶようになった。
In addition to Sakafuneishi which had been known, several pieces of stonework of turtle-shape and coin-shape excavated in 2000 and the other remains found in the surrounding area collectively became known as the Sakafuneishi Archeological Site.

蒸し時間が10秒から20秒程度を浅蒸し茶（手揉み茶はこの部類が多い）、20秒から1分程度を普通蒸し茶と呼ぶ向きもあるが、製茶用語としてはあまり定着していない。
Some call tea steamed for 10 to 20 seconds asamushi-cha (light-steamed green tea) (most hand-rubbed tea belongs to this group), and tea steamed for 20 seconds to one minutes futsumushi-cha (normal-steamed green tea), but these are not very popular as tea manufacturing terms.

日本の民間信仰では死者・祖先に対する追善供養のことを特に供養ということが多く、これから派生して仏教と関係なく死者への対応という意味で広く供養と呼ぶこともある。
In Japanese folk beliefs, Kuyo typically refers to a memorial service for the deceased or ancestors, and has come to refer to a service for the deceased in a wider sense apart from Buddhism.

592年に推古天皇が即位した豊浦宮から694年持統天皇が藤原京へ遷都するまでの約100年間は、奈良の南の地飛鳥周辺に宮殿が集中したので飛鳥京と呼ぶことがある。
During the period of approx. 100 years from 592, when Emperor Suiko ascended the throne at Toyura no miya Imperial residence, to 694, when Empress Jito transferred the capital to Fujiwara-kyo (the ancient capital of Fujiwara), Imperial palaces were located in a concentrated manner in and around the Asuka region, which was in the south of Nara, so it is sometimes called Asuka-kyo (the ancient capital of Asuka).

カレーソースを指して「カレールウ」「ルウ」と呼ぶ人もいるが、正確な表現ではなく、本来のルウ（小麦粉を油で炒めたもの）や固形の即席カレールウとの区別もしにくい。
Although some people call a curry sauce 'curry roux' or 'roux,' these are not correct names and this makes it difficult to differentiate the sauce from roux in a real sense (fried flour) and solid instant curry roux as well.

桜の開花状態を示す指標の一分咲き・二分咲きと同様に葉桜では葉と花の割合を示す言葉として満開以降は舞い始め、六分葉桜、七分葉桜、八分葉桜、九分葉桜のように呼ぶ。
Similar to the terms used to represent the blooming status of cherry blossoms, such as Ichibuzaki (ten percent of blooms bud on the tree) and Nibuzaki (twenty percent of blooms bud on the tree), there are terms used to represent the status of Hazakura, such as Maihajime (blossoms starting to fall and scatter), Rokubu hazakura (sixty percent of young leaves on the cherry tree), Shichibu hazakura (seventy percent of young leaves on the cherry tree), Hachibu hazakura (eighty percent of young leaves on the cherry tree) and Kubu hazakura (ninety percent of young leaves on the cherry tree).

本来でんぷん質（米製）の防染剤を用いる手書きの染色を友禅と呼ぶが、現在は型染めや友禅を模した模様をプリントしたものも友禅と言う名称で販売されていることが多い。
A hand-drawn dyeing using a resisting agent made from starch (rice) was originally called yuzen, but now clothes dyed with models or printed with a pattern modeling yuzen are often sold under the name of yuzen.

名塩の泥土を紙に漉き込むには、まず粉砕して土壺と呼ぶ約40センチ四方の穴に入れ、水を加えて土こね棒でこねて泥状にし、さらに微粒子になるまで徹底的にすりつぶす。
The way to mix the soil of Najio into paper is as follows; break the soil into pieces and put it into a hole called tsuchi-tsubo (an earthen jar) of about 40 cm in diameter, add water and knead with a pestle to make it muddy, and grind thoroughly into minute particles.

しかし時代が下り、江戸時代に入ると魚介類を原材料とした物のみを「天ぷら」と呼ぶ様になり、野菜類を揚げたものを精進揚げ（しょうじんあげ）として区別する様になる。
As time passed into the Edo period, deep-fried fish and seafood only were called 'tempura', and deep-fried vegetables were called Shojin-age in order to distinguish it from tempura.

江戸時代には、待合茶屋にあがった客が、茶屋を通して芸妓に指名を掛け（これを「何某を呼ぶ」または「何某を知らせる」という）、揚屋で実際に遊ぶことが一般であった。
In the Edo Period, it was common for a customer who came to a machiai jaya to request a specific geisha through that chaya (restaurant) (which is referred to as 'to call so-and-so in' or 'to let so-and-so know') to be entertained at ageya (brothel).

なお、月遅れと天保暦は混同されやすく、月遅れで行われる行事のことを「旧○○」（旧盆など）と呼ぶことも多いが、月遅れと天保暦の日時は近似であるが同一日ではない。
Tsuki-okure (holding events one month later) and the Tenpo calendar are often confused and events performed in tsuki-okure are often called 'old ___' (such as Old bon), and while dates under both systems are very close, they are not the same.

離脱後に生まれた男系子孫については、過去に皇族であったことがないため「旧皇族の男系子孫」と呼ぶのが正確であるが、一般には彼らをも一括して「旧皇族」と呼んでいる。
Strictly speaking, male descendants who were born after their parents left the Imperial Family, should have been called 'male descendants of the former Imperial Family,' since they were not included as Imperial Family members in the past, however they were generally called as a whole, 'the former Imperial Family.'

江戸時代以降、2つの輪を交叉させた文様を特に「輪違」と呼ぶようになったため、それと区別する意味で「唐花の入った輪違」という形状から「花輪違」というようになった。
Since the Edo period, designs with two intersecting rings were specifically called 'wachigai,' and therefore, 'wachigai pattern with kara-hana (Chinese arabesque pattern)' came to be called 'hanawachigai.'

一丈二尺の帯を後ろで片わな（片結び）に結ぶもので、この結び方のまま帯をより長く垂らしたものは元禄時代の女形水木辰之介にちなんで別に「水木結び」と呼ぶこともある。
It was a way of tying an obi in the length of ichi-jo ni-shaku (about 3.64m) into an one-sided knot; and the style of hanging the obi longer with this knot still in place was called by a different name, 'mizuki musubi', in association with Tatsunosuke MIZUKI who was an actor of female roles during the Genroku era.

特に急進派の団体で、昭和40～50年代の過激派全盛期の各党派の新人活動家獲得のための勧誘活動になぞらえ自派の折伏活動をオルグ（オルガナイザー）と呼ぶ場合がある。
Especially in some radical organizations, their own shakubuku activities are sometimes called Orugu (organizer) using an analogy from inducement activities for acquiring new activists by each party sect during the heyday of radical groups from 1965 to 1975.

中華料理でも類似の豆腐を油で揚げた「炸豆腐」(ジャードウフ、ピンイン)、「豆腐泡」(ドウフパオ、)、「豆卜」(ドウブー、)などと呼ぶものを食材として利用している。
Chinese dishes also use similar deep-fried tofu, including dzha dou fu, doufu pao, and dou bu.

ゆでた蕎麦・うどんを丼に入れ、場合によって群雲（むらくも）に見立てた海苔を敷いてから、生卵を割り入れて、汁と薬味を添えたものを「月見うどん」、「月見そば」と呼ぶ。
Boiled soba (buckwheat noodles) and udon (wheat noodles) put in a bowl, and sometimes after putting nori (dried seaweed) to resemble gathering clouds, cracking a raw egg into it and adding soup and condiments, are called 'Tsukimi soba' and 'Tsukimi udon,' respectively.

そのため、京都では南北と東西の通りの名前を合わせて烏丸北大路と呼ぶべき周辺地域が、この呼び方はほとんど使われず「北大路バスターミナル」あるいは「北大路駅」とする。
Although this district should be called 'Karasuma Kitaoji' as a neighborhood name is usually made by connecting a north-south street name and an east-west street name in Kyoto, this name is rarely used, but it is called 'Kitaoji Bus Terminal,' or 'Kitaoji Station.'

こうした温泉による外来入浴のできる施設、正しくは温浴施設と呼ぶべきものもあるが、これらは当然、浴槽を含めた施設も新しく、豪華で、日帰り中心であり、料金も高くない。
These new facilities, some of which should be called warm bath facilities, have new luxurious bathing houses with relatively low prices, and people visit them to enjoy onsen on a day trip.

もともとは一帯の山塊を「如意ヶ岳」と呼んでいたが、現在は大文字がある西側の前峰（466m）を「大文字山」と呼び、最高点である主峰（474m）を「如意ヶ岳」と呼ぶ。
The cluster of summits in the area was originally referred to as 'Nyoigatake') but, today, the summit at the front on the west side (466m) where the daimonji is located is called 'Daimonji-yama' and the main highest summit (474m) is called 'Nyoigatake.'

特に西洋料理と呼ぶ場合は、日本では明治から昭和にかけてフランス料理の紹介が先行した事情から、年輩者を中心にフランス料理のフルコースの料理がイメージされる場合が多い。
For elderly people, the term Western dishes conjures up an image of French full-course dinner, because French cuisine was introduced to Japan between the Meiji period and the Showa period.

基本音からの一オクターブ（低音域）を「呂音（りょおん）」、そのオクターブ上（中音域）を「甲音（かんおん）」、更にオクターブ上の高音域を「大甲（だいかん）音」と呼ぶ。
The note an octave lower than the fundamental tone (the low tone range), is called 'ryoon' (lower tone), the note an octave higher than the fundamental tone (the medium tone range) is called 'kanon' (medium tone), and the note an octave higher than kanon tone is called 'daikan' (high-pitched tone).

更に洋服の布地においても和服に倣ってシングル幅あるいはヤール幅（約71cm）やその2倍にあたるダブル幅（約142cm、こちらを「大幅」と呼ぶ場合もある）の物がある。
Moreover, imitating wafuku, fabric for western clothes also have units such as single haba (single width) or yard haba (cloth one yard wide) that are equivalent to 71 cm, and double of those called double haba (double width), which is equivalent to approximately 142 cm (sometimes this is called ohaba).

また、湯文字の上に一種のおしゃれとして（裾はしょりをしたときに見えるように）付けた、絹などの美しい布で作った腰巻状のものを「すそよけ」「けだし」と呼ぶこともあった。
Koshimaki styled cloth made with beautiful fabric, such as silk, was called 'susoyoke' and 'kedashi' that they were sewed on yumoji as a part of fashion (so that it shows when hem is tucked up).

招き猫発祥の地の伝説がある豪徳寺（東京都世田谷区）の由来には、寺の繁栄に関し「全く猫の恩に報い福を招き寄篤の霊験によるものにしてこの寺を猫寺と呼ぶに至れり」とある。
Gotoku-ji Temple (Setagaya Ward, Tokyo), which is believed to be the birthplace of manekineko (beckoning cat), attributes its prosperity to 'the good luck brought by having repaid obligations to cats and a miracle of well-wish; the very reason why the temple is called neko-dera.'

実際、江戸時代末期からそこに尺八が参入したので、現在三曲と呼ぶ場合は地歌・箏曲・胡弓楽・尺八楽を総合する名称と言え、邦楽分類上不可分な一ジャンルの呼称となっている。
In fact, shakuhachi participated in the ensemble from the end of the Edo period, so sankyoku today can be thought of as the general term for Jiuta, Sokyoku, Kokyu-gaku and Shakuhachi-gaku (shakuhachi music), which becomes the name of an inseparable genre in Japanese music.

紙屋（かんや）川と呼ぶのは、平安時代の初期に図書寮（ずしょりょう）直轄の官営紙漉き場の紙屋（かんや）院（かんやいんとも言う）がこの川のほとりに設けられたからである。
The reason it is called the Kanya-gawa River is that there was the kanyain (also called kamiya-in), a paper mill under the direct control of Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books) of the government during the early stages of the Heian period, along this river.

近畿地方方面では三笠（奈良県の三笠山にちなんだ名前と言われている）の商品名で当該商品を販売している和菓子屋が多く、どら焼きの事を『三笠まんじゅう』と呼ぶことが多い。
In the Kinki region many Japanese cake shops sell this kind of product under the name Mikasa (said to be named after Mt. Mikasa in Nara Prefecture) and Dorayaki are commonly called 'Mikasa Manju' (Mikasa bean cakes).

幣帛は神への捧げ物であると同時に、神の依り代とも考えられ、これが串の先に紙垂を挟んだ依り代や祓具としての幣束・御幣、大麻 (神道)となり、これらのことも幣帛と呼ぶ。
Heihaku are offerings to the gods, but at the same time, they are thought to be yorishiro (objects in which the gods dwell), and so if these heihaku are treated like yorishiro such as poles with streamers or arms and armor, then they become heisoku (rope or paper offerings), gohei (a staff with streamers), and taima (paper offerings in Shinto), but such objects are also called heihaku.

また守貞漫稿には'平日より華やかに高く呼ぶ其の詞(ことば)に曰く「たいやたい、なまだこ、まだいー」と呼び行く也'と、魚売りのようすをうかがい知れる文章も残されている。
The Morisadamanko also says 'a fish peddler walks around and cries lively everyday, saying 'sea bream, raw octopus, and red sea beam',' which allows us to guess what a fish peddler did.

「延喜天暦の治」と賞せられる醍醐天皇・村上天皇の「善政」とされるものの多くは宇多天皇（法皇）の政策の延長上に過ぎず「寛平の治」と呼ぶのが妥当ではないかという説もある。
Some people said that 'Engi-Tenryaku-no-chi,' which was supposed to be governed well by Emperor Daigo and Emperor Murakami, should be called 'Kampyo-no-chi,' since the actual politics were based on Emperor Uda's (priest in a high position) style.

この鮪の漬けを鉄火といったが、昨今では鮪の赤身を鉄火と呼ぶようになり、伝統的な鉄火巻きや鉄火丼だけでなく、様々な鮪の赤身を用いた料理に、鉄火という言葉が使われている。
Although tekka originally meant maguro no zuke (red flesh of tuna soaked in soy sauce), today, the word tekka has extended its meaning to red flesh of tuna itself, and it has been used not only for traditional dishes such as tekka maki (tuna sushi roll) and tekka don (a bowl of rice topped with tuna), but also to various dishes using red flesh of tuna.

この円のことを石持ちと呼び、江戸期の安価な紋付の場合、紋を入れずにそのまま仕立てることもあった（このような紋付を石持ちの紋付と呼ぶ）が、現在ではめったに用いられない。
This circular part is called 'ishimochi,' and the montsuki that has such an ishimochi is called 'ishimochi no montsuki'; in the Edo period, a cheap montsuki had no ishimochi on its cloth, but today such ishimochi-free montsuki are rarely seen.

この籐を「切詰籐（きりつめどう）」或は「鏑籐（かぶらどう）」と呼び、上関板の方を「上切詰籐（かみきりつめどう）」、下関板の方を「下切詰籐（したきりつめどう）」と呼ぶ。
This cane is called as 'Kiritsumedo' or 'Kaburado,' and the uwasekiita is called as 'Kamikiritsumedo' and the shimosekiita as 'Shitakiritsumedo.'

飾る期間は、1月6日の夕方に片付けて、翌1月7日の「七日正月」を併せて7日までを「松の内」と呼ぶことが多いが、地域により1月15日の小正月まで飾るなど、さまざまである。
In many regions the display of the kadomatsu ends on the evening of January 6 and a display period until January 7 to match with the 'Nanuka-shogatsu' (celebration of the seventh day of the New Year) is called the 'Matsu no Uchi;' but the display period varies from region to region, as some regions display the kadomatsu until the Little New Year of January 15.

江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'

これを裏付けるように、関西地方出身者は「揚げ玉」という呼称を用いずに「天かす」と呼ぶが、東京を中心とする関東地方出身者が「天かす」という呼称を用いることはほとんどない。
一原文一訳文の例外対処

当初は瀬戸焼を中心にして唐物を模倣して作られていたが（特に「古瀬戸」（ふるせと）と呼ぶ）、江戸時代になると小堀遠州などの指導で日本独自の形式が生み出されるようになった。
At first most pieces of Kuniyaki chaire were Seto-yaki (Seto ware), made in imitation of karamono (such pieces are specially called 'huru-seto' (old Seto ware)) but during the Edo period Japan's original type of chaire was created under the coaching of Enshu KOBORI.

海開きの前には、村人総出のボランティアで海開きの前に「浜掃除」がされ、地元では「ハマナシ」(学名)と呼ぶ「ハマナス」や「ササユリ」「オニユリ」が松林のそばに咲き乱れる。
Before the beach opens each year, people of the nearby community volunteer to come out to clean the beach, where, at the side of pine trees, bloom a variety of flowers such as rugosa roses (local people call them 'hamanashi'), 'sasa-yuri' (Japanese lilies) and 'oni-yuri' (tiger lilies).

本連数珠の場合、一番大きい珠（1珠ないし2珠）の事を「親珠（おやだま）」または「母珠（もしゅ）」と呼び、輪を主に構成する108珠ある珠の事を「主珠（おもだま）」と呼ぶ。
In the case of Honren-juzu, the biggest bead (one bead or 2 beads) is called 'Oyadama' (parent bead) or 'Moshu' (mother bead) and the 108 beads which mainly compose a ring are called 'Omodama.'

また内閣制度とともに設置された枢密院を「枢府」、枢密院議長を「枢相」、内大臣府と内大臣府をともに「内府」と呼ぶなど、この習慣は日本文化に完全に定着したものとなっている。
Further, the Privy Council which was established together with the cabinet system was called 'sufu', the Chairman of the Privy Council was called 'susho', and both the Office of minister of the center and the minister of the center were called 'naifu', thus, this custom has been completely established in Japan.

近江令に置かれていたとすれば、日本独特のものとして置かれた規定が、大宝令制定時に除かれたということになり、令から削除して間もない法を「改めるまじき法」と呼ぶ矛盾が生じる。
If such a provision were included in Omi-Ryo, a uniquely Japanese rule would have been excluded at the time when Taiho Code was established, but if so it is inconsistent with the phrase, 'the law which should not be modified.'

しかし、『日本書紀』が神武天皇以来の歴代天皇の「オホキサキ」に対して「皇后」の漢字を当てていることから、彼女以前の天皇の正妃についても「皇后」の称で呼ぶ慣行となっている。
However, since the Kanji '皇后' (empress) is assigned for all 'Okisaki' of emperors since Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihon Shoki,' it is common practice to call wives of the emperor before her as 'Kogo' (empress).

芸妓は、「芸者（女芸者）」、「芸子（げいこ）」と呼ぶのが古い言いかたであるが、明治以降、「芸妓（げいぎ）」という呼名もおこなれるようになった（本稿ではこの呼名を用いる）。
The old way of calling geigi was either 'geisha (onna geisha)' or 'geiko' but since the Meiji Period, the term 'geigi' began to be used (and we will use this term in this article).

現在の宮内庁による区分では、天皇・皇族の墓のうち、天皇・皇后・太皇太后・皇太后のものを陵（みささぎ・りょう）、それ以外の皇太子や親王などの皇族のものを墓（はか・ぼ）と呼ぶ。
With the current classification by Imperial Household Agency, graves for the emperor and the imperial family, such as the empress, the grand empress dowager, and the empress dowager are called mausoleums while those for others such as the crown prince and the imperial prince are known as graves.

高位の貴族の着るものを「狩衣」（模様有り、袷仕立て、ただし、室町以降夏物には裏地なし）それ以外を布衣（ほい/「ほうい」と呼ぶと狩衣全体を指す/無紋、裏地なし）と呼び分けた。
Therefore, clothes worn by higher-ranking nobles were called 'kariginu' (with patterns and lined garment; kariginu for summer was made without lined garment after the Muromachi period), and others were called 'hoi' ('houi' refers to kariginu as a whole; without patterns and lined garment).

武士や庶民がすでに着用していた服は、公家が肌着として着ていた小袖と形が似ていたらしく、武士や庶民はすでに自分達が着ていた服を「小袖」と呼ぶようになっていったと推測されている。
It is supposed that the warriors and citizens had used garments that might have looked like underwear of the court nobles Kosode, therefore, the warriors and citizens began to call their garments 'Kosode.'

この『千鳥の曲』と、そのあとに作られた『春の曲』、『夏の曲』、『秋の曲』、『冬の曲』（いずれも古今和歌集から歌詞を採ったもの）の四曲を合わせ、「古今組（こきんぐみ）」と呼ぶ。
'Chidori no Kyoku' is combined with later composed 'The Spring Music,' 'The Summer Music,' 'The Autumn Music' and 'The Winter Music' to be collectively called 'Kokin-gumi.'

1940年（昭和15年）、織田作之助が小説『夫婦善哉』でこの店の「混ぜカレー（名物カレー）」（支流店の「せんば自由軒」では「インデアンカレー」と呼ぶ）を紹介して有名になった。
In 1940, 'mixed curry and rice' (special curry) (called 'Indian curry' at a branch restaurant 'SENBA JIYUKEN') of this restaurant became famous when Sakunosuke ODA introduced this curry in his novel 'Meoto Zenzai' (A Pair of Zenzai - a sweet porridge of azuki beans boiled and crushed and eaten with rice-flour dumplings).

『臥雲日件録』の文安3年10月12日 (旧暦)（1446年10月31日）の項に中国の夷人が食す水を入れない餅菓子を唐山水と呼ぶ記述があるが、それとの関係もよくわかっていない。
In the chapter November 9, 1446 of 'Gaun nikken-roku' (the Diary of Zuikei SHUHO of Shokoku-ji Temple, the Gaun Mountain person), it was written that rice-cake sweets without water added, eaten by the Chinese barbarians are called Tang's hill and water, however, the relationship to 'karasansui' is not well understood.

また、関西では加えられる具材を指して「○○玉」と呼ぶところを「○○天」と表現するのが一般的で、これはもんじゃ焼きと同様に卵がオプションであった時代の名残りであると考えられる。
And in Kansai the added ingredients are generally referred to as 'XX ten' instead of calling them 'XX tama' and this is thought to be because of the vestige of the time when an egg was an optional ingredient as in monjayaki.

上記の菊を使った習慣の他に、茱萸（グミではなくサンショウ）の実を入れた袋を肘に下げたり、郊外の丘など高い場所へピクニックに出掛け遠くを見る（これを登高と呼ぶ）ことが行われた。
Along with the above-mentioned custom of using chrysanthemum, people would dangle bags containing berries of sansho (Japanese pepper) and go on picnic to suburban hills or other high places offering distant views, in an activity called 'toko' (literally, 'climbing to a height').

一方、庭を警護する兵士は清涼殿東庭北東の「滝口」と呼ばれる御溝水（みかわみず）の落ち口近くにある渡り廊を詰め所にして宿直したことから、清涼殿警護の武者を「滝口」と呼ぶ様になる。
On the other hand, as the soldiers who guarded the garden inside kept night watch at a corridor, their station near Mikawamizu no ochiguchi, also called 'Takiguchi,' in the northeast of the eastern garden of the Seiryoden, these warriors who guarded the Seiryoden came to be called 'Takiguchi.'

締め込み(博多以外では廻しと呼ぶ場合がある)の場合、博多、浜崎、芦別では幅44cm(子供用は18cm)、長さ5mの帆布(やや厚手の木綿の布、相撲の廻しよりは柔らかく薄い)になる。
In Hakata, Hamasaki, or Ashibetsu in Hokkaido, a shimekomi, which can be also called a mawashi in regions except Hakata, refers to a sailcloth (a thicker cotton cloth, which is softer and thinner than a mawashi (sumo wrestler's belt)) with a width of 44cm (18cm for children) and a length of 5m.

金偏が付くことからも分かるように、本来金銀などで製作し、特に公卿は有文と呼ぶ獅子や唐風の草花の模様の彫金を施したものであったが、延暦年間に白玉が許されて白石などを使うようになった。
As the kanji radical 金 at the left indicates, the ka was originally made of gold or silver, and court nobles had ones with metal carvings of lions and flowers in Chinese style called umon, beginning to use white gemstones in the Enryaku era after their use was permitted.

本来は仏教寺院において衆僧を束ねられる程の力量を持った僧や住持の事を指すが、後に延暦寺においてトップの僧を座主と呼ぶようになり、天台宗全体を統括するため、朝廷の承認が必要となった。
While this term originally referred to priests or chief priests who had the ability to unite many priests, later it came to mean the top priests in the Enryaku-ji Temple, which required the approval from the Imperial court in order to control all of the Tendai Sect.

城郭建築、主に天守や多重櫓は、複雑に屋根を重ねることが多くあるので、階層を呼ぶ場合には、一般住宅のように単に“○階”としては、建築の概要を知る資料としてわかりにくくなることがある。
The castle structures, mainly Tenshu and multiple-tiered Yagura, were, in many cases, constructed with the roofs being piled up in a complicated way, and when story and tier should be identified, the numeration for ordinary housing, simply '-story,' may make the enumerated data improper for knowing the outline of the castle structures.

参道は、一般的に、影響力がある神社や寺の周辺で、自然発生した門前町とセットに認識されている場所も多く、どの範囲を「参道」と呼ぶかは、場所によって異なり、それぞれの場所の慣習による。
Since monzen-machi (literally, a town in front of a gate) developed spontaneously around a powerful shrine or temple and are considered as a set with the sando road, the area considered to be 'sando' depends on the customs of the each area.

また、火入れの技法そのものは中古からあったものの、それを施さなかったときに起こる腐造のことを火落ち、あるいはそれを起こす菌を火落ち菌と呼ぶようになったのは、このころ以降のことである。
In addition, although the technique of pasteurization itself had been used since the Middle Ages, it was after this period when putrefaction, which occurred when pasteurization was not done, became to be called hiochi and the bacteria which caused it came to be called hiochi bacteria.

また円融天皇の女御となった際も、入内直後に大火があったため世間から「火の宮」（内親王の皇妃を「妃の宮」と呼ぶのにかけた渾名）と呼ばれるなど、高貴な生まれにも関わらず不運の連続だった。
After she became Nyogo of Emperor Enyu, there was a big fire after she made an Imperial Consort's bridal entry into the court, she was called 'Hinomiya' (Princess fire) her nickname was 'Hinomiya' (Imperial Princess), although she had a noble background, she had many misfortunes in her life.

マンションには低層住宅、中高層住宅、高層住宅、もしくは超高層住宅があり、階数による区別はないが、一般的な概念としては中高層住宅、高層住宅の住宅用途の建物をマンションと呼ぶ場合が多い。
Mansion' can be a low-rise, mid-to-high-rise, high-rise or even superhigh-rise apartment housing, without no distinction by the number of stories, but as a general understanding, the general term 'mansion' refers to a mid-to-high-rise or high-rise building constructed for dwelling.

中期密教では釈尊（Bhagavān）が説法する形式をとる大乗経典とは異なって、その別名を大日如来と呼ぶ大毘盧遮那仏（Mahāvairocana）が説法する形で密教経典を編纂してゆく。
The middle stage of Mikkyo, as opposed to the Mahayana Buddhism in which a form of Shakamuni was preached, compiled Mikkyo sutras consisting of the teachings of 大毘盧遮那仏（Mahāvairocana), or Dainichinyorai by another name.

関西地方ではナポリタンをイタリアンと呼ぶこともあるが、具材を若干変えナポリタンとイタリアンの両方をメニューに載せている店もあり、何がナポリタンかの定義はレストランによりまちまちである。
Although Naporitan is sometimes called Italian in the Kansai region, some restaurants have both Naporitan and Italian on the menu with slightly different ingredients, which leaves the definition of Naporitan up to the restaurants.

鎌倉時代に入ってからもこうした状況に大きな変化はなく、13世紀後半の文永年間（1264年-1275年）まで、本所（荘園領主）側から見て外部からの侵入者・侵略者を悪党と呼ぶ傾向が続いた。
The situation did not change largely in the Kamakura period, and until the Bunei years (1264 - 1275) in the late 13th century, the tendency to call external invaders and intruders from the point of view of the honjo (proprietor or guarantor of the manor) (manor lord) continued.

このため丁寧語として「御座布団」と呼ぶ事も在るが、この場合の御座布団では、宗教的行事などにおいて僧侶等が座る際に用いるための、特別に弾力性に富んでいたり装飾が施された物を指す場合がある。
As a result, they are sometimes referred to in the honorific 'go-zabuton', although in this case the term 'go-zabuton' sometimes indicates zabuton used by priests in religious rites and these are decorated and have special elasticity.

武道の中には、空手・弓道・居合道など、技を行った後に特定の形（型かた。体の構え）で身構える、相手との間合いを考慮して反撃方法を選ぶ、一拍おいて刀をおさめるといった一挙動を「残心」と呼ぶ。
In budo such as karate, kyudo (Japanese art of archery), and iaido (art of drawing the Japanese sword), 'zan-shin' refers to a movement after attacking the opponent, such as bracing oneself in a certain form ('kata', or a position of the body), selecting a manner of counterattack by considering the distance from the opponent, and sheathing a sword after a pause.

このような保存・鑑賞・学書に適した形に仕立て上げられた、多く模写や複製による書蹟を「法帖」というが、特に模刻によるものを「刻帖」、対して紙に直接筆記・模写したものを「墨帖」と呼ぶこともある。
The handwriting thus converted to a suitable form for preservation, appreciation and learning by usually copying and reproducing is referred to as 'hojo,' of which those made by mokoku are called 'kokujo,' while those made by writing/copying directly on paper are called 'bokujo.'

特に福岡県の筥崎宮の放生会（福岡では「ほうじょうや」と呼ぶ）は博多三大祭の1つに数えられ、他にも京都市の石清水八幡宮、大分県の宇佐神宮など多くの観光客を集める一大イベントとして知られている。
Particularly the Hojoe (Also known in Fukuoka as 'Hojo-ya') held at Hakozaki-gu Shrine in Fukuoka Prefecture is counted as one of the three great festivals of Hakata, and those conducted by Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine in Kyoto City and Usa-jingu Shrine in Oita Prefecture are known as major events that draw large numbers of tourists.

シテにかかわりのある登場人物のうち、主だったものをツレ、物語の筋に深く関係を持たない端役的なものをトモ、トモのうち単に大人数を舞台に出すことを目的として登場する役を立衆（たちしゅう）と呼ぶ。
The main character related to the protagonist, is called 'tsure,' a minor role without much relation to the story stripe is called 'tomo,' and among the tomo, a role that appears in order to make up a large number of people on the stage is called the 'standing crowd' (tachishu).

中国で制作された同様の装丁の絵画作品は「画巻」「図巻」等と呼ぶのが普通であり、日本人の作品であっても、水墨画家雪舟の『山水長巻』のような作品については、「絵巻物」とは呼ばないのが普通である。
Similar pictorial scrolls of kansuso style painted in China are not called 'emakimono' but 'gakan' or 'zukan,' and also ink paintings by Japanese, such as 'Sansui Chokan' (literally, long scroll of landscape scenery) by Sesshu, a ink painter, are usually not called 'emakimono.'

現在では抹茶を入れる陶器製の茶入（濃茶器）に対して、抹茶を入れる塗物の器を薄茶器（薄器）と呼ぶが、棗がこの薄茶器の総称として用いられてしまう場合も多い（その歴史に関しては薄茶器の項目を参照）。
Today, the earthenware chaire (tea container) for powdered green tea is called koicha-ki (tea utensil for thick tea) while the lacquer ware chaire is called usucha-ki (tea utensil for light tea), but natsume is often used as the generic name for a container for usucha (See the item for usucha-ki for its history.)

日本では、貞観_(日本)6年（864年）に僧位の一つとして置かれた法橋上人の略号であったが、後に民間においても諸国を回って民衆教化にあたった僧に対して「上人」あるいは「聖人」と呼ぶようになった。
In Japan, it was a symbol of Hokkyo-shonin (a title of honor given to Buddhist sculptors, painters, poets, etc.), which was one of the ranks for monks in 864; later, however, the monks who traveled around and put their efforts into teaching people were referred to as Shonin (上人) or Shonin (聖人) by ordinary people.

平家琵琶を用いた平家物語の語り物音楽を「平曲」と呼ぶ（薩摩琵琶、筑前琵琶にも平家物語を題材とする曲が多数あるが、これらは近世以降に作られたものであり、音楽的には平曲とはまったく違うものである）。
The narrative music of Heike Monogatari accompanied by a Heike biwa is called 'Heikyoku' (the music played on the Heike biwa as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike monogatari) (There are also many songs based on Heike Monogatari for the Satsuma biwa and the Chikuzen biwa but they were composed after the early-modern times and are musically quite different from Heikyoku).

区別が必要な場合、蕎麦入りのものを「黒そば」あるいは「和そば」、小麦粉の中華麺を「黄そば」と呼ぶ場合があるが、「黄そば（きぃそば）」と「生蕎麦（きそば）」は呼び方が似ているため紛らわしい場合もある。
When it is necessary to make distinction, noodles with buckwheat flour content are sometimes referred to as 'kuro soba' (black soba) or 'wa soba' (Japanese soba) and those with wheat flour content 'kii soba' (yellow soba) but, because 'kii soba' sounds similar to 'ki soba,' there may be some confusion.

なお正教会においては前晩に行われるパニヒダは初代教会から大事にされた伝統であるとされ、前晩のパニヒダを通夜と呼ぶ事もあまり忌避されない（「パニヒダ」の語源がそもそも「夜通しの祈り」という意味である）。
In the Orthodox Church, panikhída (memorial service) which is observed the night before is considered an important tradition handed down from the first church and it is not much avoided to call it a Tsuya (the term 'panikhída' is, in the first place, derived from 'prayer throughout the night').

今西家住宅は、棟札と呼ばれる上棟時の年号や施主名や大工棟梁を初めとする施工関係者の名を墨書きした細長い板や、屋根の棟の端部を飾る鬼瓦に刻まれた鬼瓦銘と呼ぶ刻銘によって慶安3年の建立年代が明らかである。
It is clear that the Imanishi-ke Jutaku was built in 1650 because of a long and narrow board referred to as munafuda bearing the year when the framework was completed, name of the client and the other people concerned with the construction including the master carpenter written in ink as well as an inscription referred to as onigawara-mei that was carved on the onigawara (Japanese gargoyle roof tile) that are used to decorate the ends of the roof ridges.

強盗（がんどう）若しくは龕灯（がんどう）と呼ぶ携帯型の照明器具の仕組みは不燃性の材料を用い、一般的には銅版やブリキ板等の金属板を丸めた円筒台形の筐体をもち、筐体の中にはろうそく立てと反射鏡が入っている。
The device included in the portable lighting apparatus called 'Gando' is made up of nonflammable materials--in general, a cylindrical trapezoid chassis produced by rolling a metal plate such as copper or tin, and a candle holder and a reflecting mirror both of which are placed inside the chassis.

なお、日本語でサッカーのことを「蹴球（しゅうきゅう）」と呼ぶのは、明治時代にヨーロッパから来た外国人が外国人居留地でその競技に興ずる姿を見て、日本人が「異人さんの蹴鞠」と呼んだことからきているといわれる。
Moreover, soccer started to be called 'shukyu' in Japanese when foreigners who came from Europe during the Meiji period and were seen having fun with the game in a foreigners' residential area, and it is said that at that time, Japanese people called it 'foreigner's kemari.'

ただし、その祭の行われる地域の中では、正式な名称を短略化して呼ぶことも多く、時としては、行われる寺社などの名称に「（お）○○さん」または「（お）○○様」などの敬称・愛称をつけ、簡略化した祭りの通り名もある。
However, in some region where the matsuri is held, it is called by abbreviating its official name, and a simplified common name is sometimes used by attaching an honorary term or term of endearment such as 'XX san' (also referred as O-XX san) or 'XX sama' (also referred as O-XX sama) to the name of temple or shrine where the matsuri is held.

鰻重とは鰻が重なった状態の鰻重ね（うながさね）を意味するとして、御飯と鰻の蒲焼をサンドイッチ状（＝挟む）にし表面の鰻の下のご飯の下に更に蒲焼が入った合計二匹分の蒲焼が入ったものを鰻重と呼ぶ地域や店舗がある。
In other regions and restaurants, where the word Unaju means overlapped eel, rice sandwiched in between two broiled eels, that is, one eel is put on the surface of the rice and the other eel placed under the rice, is called Unaju.

ただし、徳一と最澄の論争は三乗と一乗の争いのみに留まらず、教相判釈（数ある経典の中で釈迦の考え方に最も近いものを問う）における法華経の正統性を問うたものでもあるから「法華権実論争」と呼ぶべきとの考えもある。
However, the dispute between Tokuitsu and Saicho was not limited to the dispute between sanjo and ichijo and the authenticity of Hokekyo in Kyoso Hanjaku (evaluation of sutras, the idea which is the most similar to the one of Buddha in many Buddhist scriptures is questioned) was questioned and thus some say that it should be called 'Hokke gonjitsu no ronso' (dispute of Hokke gonjitsu).

また、「みろくの世」と神霊が呼ぶ理想世界が来る前には現界でもこうした、何もわからない霊に憑かれた、いかがわしい予言者や神懸りした宗教家などが多く現れて、世の人を惑わすらしいと記されている次のような帖もある。
Also it is described as follows that before the perfect world called 'Miroku no yo' comes, people are deceived by a lot of questionable prophets and fanatic religionists who are possessed by spirits who don't know anything.

「絵巻」という語には、『源氏物語絵巻』『紫式部日記絵巻』のように、作品名に「○○絵巻」と付けて巻子装の作品であることを表す用法と、巻子形式の絵画を総称した概念として「絵巻」ないし「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合とがある。
The word 'emaki' is used in two ways; one is to attach the word at the end of the name of its corresponding mother work, like 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' and 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki Emaki' (illustrated scroll of the Lady Murasaki's Diary), and another way is to regard the term of 'emaki' or 'emakimono' as a concept to collectively refer to the pictures painted in kansu (a handscroll or horizontal scroll) style.

しかし、原因不明の難病ならばまだしも、刺された事が明らかな状況でわざわざ外部の医者を呼ぶ事は不自然であるなど、その内容が毒殺説に比して荒唐無稽ということで、歴史研究者の間ではほとんど取るに足らないものとされた。
However it was understandable if the Emperor had an incurable disease with an unknown cause, it was not natural to call a doctor from outside if the Emperor was apparently stabbed, so this theory was not seriously considered to be true among historians since it was very unrealistic compared to the theory of the Emperor being killed by poison.

重源が再建した大仏殿などの建築様式はきわめて独特なもので、かつては「天竺様（てんじくよう）」と呼ばれていたが、インドの建築様式とは全く関係がなく紛らわしいため、現在の建築史では「大仏様（だいぶつよう）」と呼ぶ。
This architectural style used in the Great Buddha Hall rebuilt by Chogen as well as in other buildings is highly distinctive and was once called 'Tenjiku-yo' (lit. Indian style) but this was misleading as it has no connection to India, so is therefore now referred to as 'Daibutsu-yo' (lit. Great Buddha style).

仙台市一番町 (仙台市)に1935年（昭和10年）創業した阿部蒲鉾において、旧仙台藩主伊達氏の家紋「竹に雀」のササに因んで「笹かまぼこ」と呼ぶようになってから、旧仙台藩地域で次第に名称が統一されていったという。
The Abe Kamaboko Company, which had started a business in Ichiban-cho, Sendai City in 1935, called it 'sasa kamaboko' after the family crest 'take ni suzume' (sparrows with bamboo) of the Date clan, the former lord of the Sendai Domain; subsequently, the name was gradually unified in the area of the former Sendai Domain.

明治維新に功績のあった人物を元勲と呼ぶが、彼らが明治新政府において長期間に渡って事実上政治を牽引していたことから、主にマスコミ周辺から誕生した略称だと言われている（長老元勲→元勲老→元老、もしくは元勲諸老の略）。
The persons who contributed to the Meiji restoration significantly were called genkun, and it is said that this term was an abbreviation created mainly by mass media, because they virtually led the politics in the new Meiji government for a long period (Choro-genkun (senior Genkun) -> Genkun-ro (old Genkun) -> Genro, or an abbreviation of Genkun-shoro (senior Genkun persons).

御物（ごもつ。「ぎょぶつ」とも）室町幕府8代将軍足利義政が集めた唐物名物（絵画、工芸品）を東山御物（ひがしやまごもつ）、徳川家に伝えられた名物茶道具を柳営御物（りゅうえいごもつ、柳営は幕府または将軍の意味）と呼ぶ。
Gomotsu (also called 'Gyobutsu') is the collections of famous things imported from China (pictures and art works) by Yoshimasa AHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, are called Higashiyama Gobutsu, and the famous Japanese tea utensils handed down to the Tokugawa clan are called Ryuei Gomotsu (Ryuei is the name of the Shogun or the shogunate).

全ての人が例外なく自分自身の内面に本来そなえている仏性を再発見するために、坐禅と呼ぶ禅定の修行を継続するなかで、仏教的真理に直に接する体験を経ることを手段とし、その経験に基づいて新たな価値観を開拓することを目指す。
It aims to develop a new concept of values based on experience to access the truth of Buddhism directly through continuous ascetic practices called mediation, in order to rediscover the Buddhahood which is fundamentally equipped in all people's minds without exception.

沢庵宗彭が創建した東海寺 (東京都品川区)では、「初めは名も無い漬物だったが、ある時徳川家光がここを訪れた際に供したところ、たいそう気に入り、『名前がないのであれば、沢庵漬けと呼ぶべし』と言った」と伝えられている。
At Tokai-ji Temple (Shinagawa Ward, the Metropolis of Tokyo) built by Sosho TAKUWAN, there is a legend saying, 'Takuan-zuke was originally a nameless pickle but when served takuan-zuke during his visit to the temple one day, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA enjoyed it so much that he said, 'If it has no name, call it takuan-zuke.''

その中で盂蘭盆(うらぼん)に使う蓮の実や蓮の葉が特に珍重された事や、商品の多くを蓮の葉や蕗（ふき）の葉の皿の上に置いて売っていたという事などから、季節物を扱う商人を「蓮の葉商い」（はすのはあきない）と呼ぶようになった。
Because lotus seeds and lotus leaves used in the Urabon Festival (a festival of the dead held on Buddhist All Souls' Day, which is usually around the 15th of July or August, depending on the local custom) were accorded particularly high value, and most goods that were put on trays using lotus leaves or leaves of fuki (Japanese butterbur) were sold, persons dealing with seasonal goods were described as being in the 'trade of lotus leaves.'

また、参詣のために街道筋が捻じ曲げられて寺社に近づいていたところなども、珍しくはなく、その捻じ曲げられた周辺の街道筋をも「参道」と呼ぶ場合がある（例→小金宿：水戸街道が本土寺への参詣の便のためにねじまげられていた事例）。
In addition, roads have often been redirected towards a shrine or temple for pilgrimages and the bent portions of these roads are sometimes also called 'sando' (for example, Kogane-shuku (a geographical name): the Mito-kaido road has been redirected to make it convenient to visit Hondo-ji Temple).

元来は題名の意であり、法華経（サッダルマ・プンダーリカ・スートラ）の翻訳題（あて字）である妙法蓮華経（鳩摩羅什【くまらじゅう】による訳）の五字のことを指しているが、南無（帰依するの意）を加えて七字にしても「題目」と呼ぶ。
Originally, it meant a title and five letters of Myohorenge-kyo (translated by Kumaraju), constituting the translated title (phonetic equivalent) of Hoke-kyo Sutra, and it is called the 'Nichiren chant' even when the two letters of Namu (meaning 'of becoming a believer') are added.

一部には、靖国神社や護国神社、大宰府天満宮、日光東照宮、湊川神社などといった、天津神や国津神などではなくもともと天皇の臣下であった臣民(人間)を祭神とする神社に関しては、親拝ではなく単に行幸と呼ぶべきであるとの意見もある。
Some people maintain that emperors' visits to the shrines such as the Yasukuni-jinja Shrine, the Gokoku-jinja shrine, the Dazaifu-tenmangu Shrine, the Nikko Toshogu Shrine and the Minatogawa-jinja Shrine which embrace as enshrined deities the subjects (human beings) originally under the emperors unlike Amatsu-kami (heavenly gods) or Kunitsu-kami (god of the land) should be called simply gyoko (emperors' visit) instead of shinpai.

現行の段のほか、平太の子公暁が実朝の隠し子であることを知った板額が、わが子市若を身代わりに立てる三段目「市若身替り」と、鶴が岡別当阿闍利のコミカルな演技で、滑稽な場を「チャリ場」と呼ぶきっかけとなった四段目などが知られる。
In addition to the presently performed act, the known acts include the third act 'Ichiwaka Migawari' (Ichiwaka becoming a stand-in) in which Hangaku who has learned that Heita's son, Kugyo, is a Sanetomo's illegitimate child makes her child, Ichiwaka, a scapegoat, and the fourth act which has caused a fancy scene to be called 'Chari-Ba' (comical scene) due to the comical performance by Ajari, the Betto (Administrator) of Tsurugaoka Shrine.

江戸時代の初期、留袖には振八つ口がなく、「振八つ口が開いている服」を振袖と呼んでいたという説があり、この説によれば、袖丈が長い和服を振袖と呼ぶようになった時期は、江戸時代に留袖に振八つ口を作るようになった後であるとされる。
In the early days of the Edo period, tomesode (formal black kimono) did not have furiyatsuguchi, leading to the theory that once kimono with open furiyatsuguchi-style sleeves appeared, it came to be called furisode; according to this theory, the practice of calling kimono with long dangling sleeves 'furisode' must have started only after tomesode sleeves began to be made in the furiyatsuguchi style during the Edo period.

また、もし『法華経』が最高の教えならば、機根の低い衆生を『涅槃経』に譲らなければならなかったのか、一切の衆生を済度する教えを一乗や円教と呼ぶのなら、機根の高低など関係なくすべてを済度するのが本当ではないか、と指摘している。
They also point out that if 'the Lotus Sutra' was in fact the most fundamental sutra, it is difficult to understand why the unenlightened masses had to wait for 'the Nirvana Sutra' for their religious salvation and that the teachings revealed in the Lotus Sutra, which is believed to provide everyone with the perfect vehicle for salvation, should have been able to save not only Buddha's disciples but the unenlightened masses as well.

教派神道の「『神道各派』から区別された神ながらの道はとくに国家神道とも呼ばれるが、法律家や行政実務家は以前からそれを神社と呼ぶのが例」であり、第二次世界大戦前は単に「神社」といえば、国家に管理された国家神道のものをさした。
As for Sect Shinto, 'the way with the Kami (God) which was separated from 'all sects of Shinto' is particularly called State Shinto, and persons of law and government practitioners have usually called it shrine for a long time,' and before World War II, simply speaking 'shrine' meant State Shinto which was managed by the state.

根菜類や芋類、こんにゃく、コンブ、油揚げなどを甘辛く煮たものをこう呼ぶことが多いが、煮しめにされる具材はその地方や季節でさまざまであり、肉類、ちくわやかまぼこなどの水産練り製品（いわゆる練り物）、地域によっては魚も用いられる。
Dishes containing root crops, potatoes, konjac, konbu kelp, abura-age (deep-fried bean curd) among other ingredients, and simmered to taste salty-sweet are often called nishime; the ingredients of nishime, however, differ by region and the season in which nishime is cooked, and meats or fish sausages (so-called 'nerimono') such as chikuwa and kamaboko or in some regions, fish, also appear as ingredients.

また、具材でも薩摩揚げのことを「はんぺん」と呼ぶことが一般的だったが、最近ではテレビメディアや全国展開するコンビニエンスストアなどの影響で、関東煮（かんとに）をおでんと言い換え、わずかながらも薩摩揚げとはんぺんを区別するようになった。
Although Satsuma-age as an ingredient was generally called 'hanpen,' recent influences from TV and nation-wide convenience stores have caused differentiation between Satsuma-age and hanpen, though to a small extent, and the name 'Kanto ni' has been replaced with 'Oden.'

人の霊が地上の肉体を離れ、天にいる神とイエス・キリストのところに召されることであり、イエス・キリストの再臨において復活するための準備に過ぎない（このことからプロテスタント諸教派では信徒の死を「召天」と呼ぶことがある(昇天ではない)）。
It means that the soul of the person leaves the body in this world and is called by God and Jesus Christ in Heaven, and it is only a preparation to be resurrected when Jesus Christ descends to earth again (from this, in the various denominations of Protestantism, the death of a believer is sometimes called 'Shoten' (called to Heaven) (not Shoten (going to heaven)).

1965年（昭和40年）に肌着に自社ブランドを立ち上げた三越が、高級感を持たせるためや女性が代理購入する場合でも恥ずかしくないように越中褌を「クラシックパンツ」と命名して販売したため、他の百貨店などでもそう呼ぶようになったとの説がある。
There is an opinion that because Mitsukoshi which started up the company's store brand in underwear in 1965 sold Ecchu fundoshi by naming them 'Classic Pants' in order to make them create an impression of the high-grade undergarment and for women not to be embarrassed when they buy one on behalf of men, the other department stores and shops have come to call them by the same name.

紫宸殿御本尊という名称は、もとより伝承であり長い間親しまれてきたが、2002年のお虫払い法要の砌において大石寺67世日顕の説法があり「その名称も見直しが行われるべきであり師資相承之御本尊または師資伝授之御本尊と呼ぶのが正しい」とされている。
The name Shishinden-gohonzon has been a traditional name used for a long time, but at the Insect warding Buddhist ceremony in 2002, the sermon by Nikken, the sixty-seventh Taiseki-ji Temple head said, 'The name should be reconsidered and should be correctly called Shishisosho-no-gohonzon, or Shishidenju-no-gohonzon.'

また、東京等の関東圏では、具材はナポリタンとほぼ同じだが、ケチャップを使わず、ただ塩とコショウ（や醤油等）で味付けし、油炒めしたスパゲッティを「イタリアン」と呼ぶ事もある（こちらもパスタの本場、イタリアには存在しない、日本独自の料理である）。
Additionally, in the Kanto region including Tokyo, deep-fried spaghetti flavored with salt and pepper (soy sauce) only and without ketchup is sometimes called 'Italian,' which is also a dish unique to Japan and not seen in Italy.

近代的な空調設備を用いず、その土地の自然な冬の寒さを利用して仕込む寒造り（寒仕込み）は、いまなおあちこちで伝承もしくは復活されているわけであるが、そうした製法によって生産された酒を、現在わざわざ「寒酒」と呼ぶことはほとんどなくなってしまった。
Kanzukuri (Kanjikomi) that uses an area's naturally low winter temperature without incorporating modern ventilation systems, has been handed down or revived in various areas, but sake made with such methods is rarely called 'kanshu' nowadays.

「絵巻物」ないし「絵巻」とは、巻子装の絵画作品の意であるが、日本美術史用語における「絵巻物」とは、日本で制作された、主として大和絵様式の作品を指すのが通常であり、さらに範囲を限定して、平安時代から室町時代の作品に限って「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合もある。
Emakimono' or 'emaki' means whole pictorial works of kansuso style binding, but, when the term 'emakimono' is used in the history of Japanese art, it is usually understood to indicate mainly the works of yamato-e style paintings made in Japan (a typical Japanese traditional style of painting), or in some cases, the term is often limited to the works produced during the Heian period through to the Muromachi period.

日本では、Dを壱越（いちこつ）と呼び、以下断金（たんぎん）・平調（ひょうじょう）・勝絶（しょうぜつ）・下無（しもむ）・双調（そうじょう）・鳧鐘（ふしょう）・黄鐘（おうしき）・鸞鏡（らんけい）・盤渉（ばんしき）・神仙（しんせん）・上無（かみむ）と呼ぶ。
In Japan, D is called the ichikotsu (in Japan, the first note of the ancient chromatic scale [approx. D]), and the following is called the tangin (the second note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), hyojo (the third note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), shozetsu (the fourth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), simomu (the fifth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), sojo (the sixth note of the ancient chromatic scale), fusho (the seventh note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), oshiki (the eighth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), rankei (the ninth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), banshiki (the tenth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), shinsen (the eleventh note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale), and kamimu (the twelfth note of the ancient Japanese chromatic scale) in sequence.

蓮如は前述のように「他宗派の者が（勘違いして）一向宗と呼ぶのは仕方ないが、我々浄土真宗の門徒が一向宗を自称してはいけない」という主旨の発言をして違反者を破門するとまで述べているが、逆に言えばこれは、浄土真宗の門徒ですら一向宗を自称する者がいた事を意味する。
As mentioned above, Rennyo stated that 'If people of other sects confuse us with another sect and call us Ikkoshu, that cannot be helped, but the people of the Jodo Shinshu sect should not call themselves Ikkoshu,' and even said that he would expel those who did not obey the order; conversely, this means that even members of the Jodo Shinshu sect called themselves Ikkoshu in those days.

一般に海産物、とりわけ小魚、アサリなどの貝類、コンブ等の海藻類、山地ではイナゴ等の昆虫類などを醤油・砂糖等で甘辛く煮染めたものをこう呼ぶ（なお、醤油・砂糖等で甘辛く煮染めた、今日で見られるような佃煮を作り始めたのは東京・浅草橋にある「鮒佐」だといわれている）。
In general the following boiled in sweetened soy sauce are called Tsukudani: seafood, in particular small fish, clams and other shellfish, seaweed such as kelp etc. and in mountainous areas insects such as locusts etc. (Also, the Tsukudani seen these days that is prepared by boiling ingredients in sweetened soy sauce is said to have been first produced at Asakusabashi in Tokyo by Funasa Co. Ltd).

また、旧暦8月は、秋（7月から9月）のちょうど中頃なので「仲秋」と呼ぶため「仲秋の名月（ちゅうしゅうのめいげつ）」と表記する場合もあるが、「中秋」は旧暦8月15日をさし、「仲秋」は秋を三つに区分したときの真ん中の期間をさす言葉であるので、「中秋の名月」が正しい表記である。
It is also occasionally referred to as '仲秋の名月,' since August of the old calendar is right in the middle of fall (from July to September) and is called '仲秋,' but '中秋' indicates August 15th of the old calendar and '仲秋' indicates the middle period when separating fall into three, so '中秋の名月' is the correct expression.

ただ、稚児と呼ぶかどうかは祭りの主催者によって一定しない場合が多く、鶴岡八幡宮例大祭の八乙女・童子や花巻市の花巻まつりの囃子方の様に、見た目が稚児であっても稚児と呼ばない場合がある一方で、姫路市のゆかた祭りの様に、素顔にゆかた（袴無し）の場合でも稚児と呼ばれる場合もある。
It generally depends on a sponsor of the festival if these children should be called chigo or not, so sometimes they are not called chigo even though they look like chigo, for example, yaotome (eight shrine maidens), young boys in the Annual Festival of Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine, and musicians in the Hanamaki Festival in Hanamaki City, while children can be called chigo in spite of wearing no makeup, for example, the children wearing yukata (informal summer kimono) without makeup in the Yukata Festival in Himeji City.

戦国時代 (日本)末期から安土桃山時代にかけては、それまで座の第二位の役者が担当し、特にシテ方と区別されることのなかったワキの役（通常これを後世のワキ方と区別して「脇のシテ」「脇の棟梁」などと呼ぶ）が、徐々に独自の職掌としてシテ方から区分されるようになってきていた時期であった。
From the end of the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, waki (supporting actors), which had until then been played by the secondary actor in the troupe and had not been differentiated from shite-kata (main roles) (usually, this was called as 'waki no shite' or 'waki no toryo' to be distinguished from the later waki-kata), was gradually differentiated from shite-kata as own official duties.

現在、浄瑠璃音楽として残っているものは、義太夫節（丸本歌舞伎専用の義太夫を特に「竹本（チョボ）」と呼ぶことがある）、常磐津節、清元節、それに河東節、一中節、宮薗節（河東節、一中節、宮薗節に上方地歌の系統を引く荻江節を加えた4種を「古曲」と総称する）、新内節、富本節の8種である。
Eight kinds of Joruri music are existent today, namely Gidayu-bushi (Gidayu specializing in Marumoto Kabuki is sometimes called 'Takemoto (Chobo)'), Tokiwazu-bushi, Kiyomoto-bushi, Kato-bushi, Icchu-bushi, Miyazono-bushi (Kato-bushi, Icchu-bushi, Miyazono-bushi and Hagie-bushi, which derived from Kamigata jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with shamisen accompaniment), are collectively called 'Kokyoku'), Shinnai-bushi and Tomimoto-bushi.

ただし、教派神道の「『神道各派』から区別された神ながらの道は特に国家神道とも呼ばれるが、法律家や行政実務家は以前からそれを神社と呼ぶのが例」であり、「国家神道」の語は政治家や内務省 (日本)、その神社局、陸軍上層部、神道学などの場での専門用語であって、一般民衆に流通した語彙ではなかった。
However, 'though it was the 'Way of the Gods,' distinct from 'each Shinto sect' of Sect Shinto, in particular that was called State Shinto, it was customarily known as 'shrines' (jinja) by lawyers and administrators,' the term 'State Shinto' being a technical term used by the Bureau of Shinto Shrines, the top brass in the army, Shinto scholars and so on, and not by the general public.

インドではチャパティとカレーをダッバーワーラーと呼ばれる積み重ね式容器に入れ携帯する習慣が見られ、アメリカ合衆国（大陸）ではピーナッツバターとジャムを塗った簡単なサンドイッチ（enPeanut butter and jelly sandwichと呼ぶ）や果物などを弁当箱に入れ、昼食として携行する。
India has the custom of carrying chapati and curry in stackable containers called dabbawala while United States (mainland) has the custom of carrying a light sandwich with peanut butter and jam (called peanut butter and jelly sandwich) and fruit in a lunch box.

後述のように、語源は、天下一品の（あっさり）から来ているのだが、天下一品の（あっさり）は鶏ガラスープのため、現在はこのカテゴリーに含めない場合が多い（京都では、中華料理店などで出される汎用鶏ガラスープを使ったラーメンに関しては、「中華そば」と呼ぶことが多く、一般のラーメンとは別物扱いする傾向がある）。
As described later, the term derives from 'plain type' of Tenka-ippin, but the 'plain type' of Tenka-ippin is not usually included in this category because it is based on the chicken bone broth (in Kyoto, ramen which uses general chicken bone broth as served in Chinese restaurants or the like is usually called 'Chinese noodle,' which tends to be distinguished from general ramen).

一般に観桜・花見において、葉桜と呼ぶ時期は、満開の頃淡い薄紅色一色であった桜が、花びらが散り始め、同時に若葉が芽吹き始めて新緑の葉の色が混ざり、遠目にくすんで見える頃から、桜の花びらが全て落花し、めしべ・おしべが残って樹木全体に赤みが残っている頃まで、あるいは、樹木全体が新緑の葉で瑞々しく艶を帯びた状態で覆われる頃までである。
Generally speaking, the season for having parties under the cherry trees in order to enjoy Hazakura starts when the fully open cherry blossoms start to fall and simultaneously the trees start to sprout new leaves, gradually changing their overall color from pink to tender green until all the cherry blossoms have fallen but the trees still keep some red portions because of the remaining pistils and stamens, or until all the trees are totally covered with new leaves of tender green.

日蓮本門宗時代は管長は八本山からの輪番制となったが、大石寺本末・中末の独立が公許されこれより独立し、1900年（明治33年）に日蓮宗富士派と公称し、1912年（明治45年）に日蓮正宗と改称し現在に至るが、法華経正宗分の意味合いからであろうか少なくとも江戸時代中期には自宗派を正宗と呼ぶことがあったことが、金沢郷土史の文献（「正宗の題目」とある）から分かる。
While the position of the chief abbot became in rotation from Hachihonzan in the period as Nichiren Honmon Sect, it broke away from the sect under the official allowance of the branch temples of Taiseki-ji Temple to be independent, and called themselves Fuji School of Nichiren Sect in 1900, then renamed Nichiren Shoshu Sect in 1912 up to the present, however, it was apparent that they called themselves Shoshu Sect, which supposably meant shoshubun (the main part) of Hoke-kyo (Lotus Sutra), until at least the middle of the Edo period, according to the book of Kanazawa local history (it has 'Shoshu no Daimoku' (Chant of Shoshu)).

江戸時代を通じて、基本的に酒はその造り方、流通、販売に至るまで商人がプロデュースするものであったが、上記のような理由から藩という地方自治体が酒造りを立案し、伊丹酒や灘五郷や奈良流など当時の酒造先進地域より酒師（さかし - 杜氏とほぼ同義）や麹師（こうじし）といった技術者を少なからぬ藩費で招聘し、土地の大商人に醸造設備などを整備させて始めた地酒のことを、後世から便宜上藩造酒（はんぞうしゅ）と呼ぶ。
While sake was basically produced by the merchants throughout the Edo period in all fields of brewing methods, distribution and sales, local governments or domains, due to the above reasons, started to brew Jizake (local sake) called, in later ages for convenience, Hanzoshu (sake brewed by the domains) by preparing brewing plans, inviting at no small expenses of the domain's technical experts such as Sakashi (sake brewer) (almost the same meaning as Toji [sake brewer]) and Kojishi (a person in charge of the koji-manufacturing) from the advanced regions in sake brewing like Itami sake, Nada gogo (five districts in Nada), Nara style sake and so on and making local wealthy merchants maintain brewing facilities.

論争において最澄は、しばしば非常に激烈な表現を用いて論敵を攻撃しており、たとえば『守護国界章』において最澄は、非難の対象である徳一のことを「麁食者（そじきしゃ。粗末な食べ方をする者、半可通のこと）」「謗法者（ほうぼうしゃ。賢しらに法を曲げる者）」「北轅者（ほくえんしゃ。南に行こうとして牛車・馬車の轅（ながえ）を北に向ける者。方角もわきまえぬ者）」などの蔑称で呼び、本名の徳一で呼ぶことは一切ない。
In the dispute Saicho attacked the opponent by using fiery expressions and as an example in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' Saicho called Tokuitsu who was the focus of criticism in a pejorative manner, 'sojikisha' (people who have a superficial knowledge and eat humbly), 'hobosha' (people who disparage the dharma), 'hokuensha' (people who turn the shafts of gissha (ox-drawn carriage) or horse-drawn buggy to the north even though they go to go to the south because he cannot understand the direction) and never called Tokuitsu by his real name.

後世においては製造に高度な技術を必要として製造経費もかかる白紙ではなく、低廉で非常時の綸旨発給に備えやすい中古紙からの再生紙である薄墨紙（宿紙/漉返紙）が用紙として用いられるようになり、後に綸旨には薄墨紙用いる事を書式とする慣例が成立したために、薄墨紙を「綸旨紙」、綸旨自体を「薄墨綸旨」と呼ぶ例も見られるようになった（ただし、天皇から蔵人頭・蔵人以外の官人（弁官など）に対して作成・発給が命じられた場合には薄墨紙は用いられていない）。
In the later age, usuzumi gami (gray paper) (shukushi (recycled paper) or sukigaeshi gami (paper made from dissolved paper), recycled paper made from used paper, which was inexpensive and easy to be stocked for urgent issuance of rinji, came to be used instead of white paper whose manufacturing cost was expensive because an advanced technique was required for manufacturing, and thereafter it became a custom to use usuzumi gami for rinji as a documentary format; therefore, in some cases, usuzumi gami was called 'rinji gami' (rinji paper), and rinji itself was called 'usuzumi rinji' (however, usuzumi gami was not used for rinji which was created and issued by the Emperor to government officials (esp. low to medium rank) (such as benkan, etc.) other than Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and Kurodo).