呉: 724 Terms and Phrases
- 呉
- U
- Un
- O
- Ou
- Oo
- Kure
- Wu (Chinese state ?-473 BCE, Chinese kingdoms 222-280 CE, 902-937 CE, region of China: Jiangsu south of the Yangtze)
- Kou
- Go
- Gou
- give
- do something for
- 呉島
- Kureshima
- Goshima
- Gotou
- 呉屋
- Kureya
- Koya
- Gouya
- Goya
- 呉竹
- Alternative name for henon bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis)
- Kuretake
- 呉須
- gosu porcelain
- asbolite
- 呉服
- draperies
- dry-goods
- piece goods
- Kureha
- Kurehato
- Kurehatori
- Gofuku
- 呉音
- Wu-dynasty reading of Chinese characters
- Go-on
- 呉越
- Go-Etsu
- two rival states in ancient China
- Goetsu
- Wuyue
- 呉春
- Goshun
- Matsumura Goshun
- 呉市
- Kure (city)
- Kure, Hiroshima
- 呉楚
- historical states of Wu and Chu (modern-day Jiangsu, Hunan and Hubei Provinces) (China)
- southern shore of the Yangtze
- 呉公
- Man of the country of Wu
- 呉伯雄
- Gohakuyuu
- Wu Po-hsiung
- 呉道子
- Wu Daozi
- Wu Tao-tzu (approx. 680-750 CE)
- 呉道玄
- Wu Daozi
- Wu Tao-tzu (approx. 680-750 CE)
- 呉服町
- Kurehachou
- Gofukuchou
- Gofukumachi
- 呉羽町
- Kurehachou
- Kurehamachi
- 呉服屋
- draper
- dry-goods store
- 呉服尺
- fabric shaku (approx. 36.4 cm)
- 呉服物
- piece
- dry-goods
- piece goods
- 呉服商
- dry-goods dealer
- draper
- 呉の母
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- 呉れ手
- donor
- one who does something for you
- 呉れる
- to give
- to let one have
- to do for one
- to be given
- 呉昌碩
- Goshouseki
- Wu Changshuo
- 呉昌征
- Go Shousei (h) (1916.6.28-1987.6.7)
- Shosei Go
- 呉尚垠
- Goshoukon
- Oh Sang-Eun
- 呉智英
- Kure Tomofusa (h) (1946.10.21-)
- 呉官正
- Gokansei
- Wu Guanzheng
- 呉三桂
- Go Sankei (1612-1678)
- Wu Sangui
- 呉乞買
- Emperor Taizong of Jin
- 片山晋呉
- Katayama Shingo (h) (1973.1.31-)
- Shingo Katayama
- 呉越同舟
- bitter enemies (placed by fate) in the same boat
- mortal enemies in the same boat
- 見て呉れ
- appearance
- outward show
- 呉りゃる
- to receive from another
- 呉恵美子
- Kure Emiko (h) (1948.7.10-)
- 東呉大学
- Soochow University (Taiwan)
- 呉の人物
- People of Eastern Wu
- 呉竹の台
- Kuredake no dai (Wu Chinese bamboo in the eastern garden of Seiryoden)
- 備中呉妹駅
- Bicchuukurese Station (st)
- Bitchū-Kurese Station
- 呉れてやる
- to give
- to do (something) for
- 呉れて遣る
- to give
- to do (something) for
- 呉女子短大
- Kure Women's Junior College
- 呉軍港空襲
- Bombing of Kure (July 1945)
- 穆皇后呉氏
- Empress Wu (Zhaolie)
- 広島県呉市
- Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture
- 呉れ呉れも
- repeatedly
- sincerely
- earnestly
- 呉羽新富田町
- Kurehashintomitamachi
- 呉羽化学工場
- Kurehakagaku Factory
- 俗姓は呉氏。
- His secular surname was Go.
- 呉楚七国の乱
- Rebellion of the Seven States
- 大羽根園呉竹町
- Oobaneenkuretakechou
- 余呉湖放水隧道
- Yogokohousuiduidou
- 加呉茱萸生姜湯
- ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to
- 呉羽つつじが丘
- Kurehatsutsujigaoka
- 呉ポートピア駅
- Kurepo-topia Station (st)
- 王子製紙呉工場
- Oujiseishikure Factory
- 馬忠 (孫呉)
- Ma Zhong (Han Dynasty)
- 陳勝・呉広の乱
- Daze Village Uprising
- 実家は呉服屋。
- His family home was a kimono shop.
- His parents ran a kimono fabric shop.
- 日新製鋼呉製鉄所
- Nisshinseikoukureseitetsujo
- 水汀鴨図 呉春筆
- Suitei Kamo-zu: A picture of ducks on a shore by Goshun
- 柳鷺群禽図 呉春
- Ryuro Gunkinzu (egrets and willow), Goshun
- 呉羽少年自然の家
- Kurehashounenshizennoie
- 呉市交通局 一部
- Kure City Transportation Bureau: partially introduced
- 南寧呉圩国際空港
- Nanning Wuxu International Airport
- 呉清源との勝負碁
- Go Game with Seigen GO
- 余呉湖の羽衣伝説
- Robe of Feathers Legend in the Lake Yogo area
- くれる (呉れる)
- to give
- to do for someone
- to be given (honorific)
- 呉の滅亡 (三国)
- Conquest of Wu by Jin
- 呉健雄 (小惑星)
- 2752 Wu Chien-Shiung
- 呉服尺（呉服ざし）
- The Gofuku-jaku (also known as Gofuku-zashi)
- 「我すてて呉れよ。」
- Drop your sense of self.'
- 呉服町駅 (福岡県)
- Gofukumachi Station (Fukuoka)
- 呉竹はハチクである。
- Wu Chinese bamboo was Henon bamboo.
- 呉春を描いた短編小説
- Short story on Goshun
- 尾形家と呉服商雁金屋
- The Ogata family and the kimono fabric dealer, Kariganeya
- 当帰四逆加呉茱萸生姜湯
- toki-shigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to
- TJ-38
- 石川島播磨重工業呉工場
- Ishikawajimaharimajuukougyoukure Factory
- 京都市呉竹文化センター
- Kyoto City Kuretake Cultural Center
- 和服・着物・呉服の意味
- Meanings of Wafuku, Kimono and Gofuku
- 湖：琵琶湖、余呉湖、西の湖
- Lakes: Lake Biwa, Lake Yogo, Nishi no ko Lake
- 呉服尺は1尺2寸であった。
- The gofuku-jaku was equivalent of 1 shaku and 2 sun in the kane-jaku.
- 京都の呉服商の家に生まれる。
- He was born in a family of kimono fabric dealers in Kyoto.
- 「天明阿房になりて呉れよ。」
- Be empty, Tenmei.'
- 主に呉服について用いられた。
- It was mainly used for clothing related measurement.
- 主に呉服について用いられる。
- Mainly used for the measurement related with kimono.
- 呉炳本蘭亭序（東京国立博物館）
- The Gohei-bon Ranteijo (the rubbed copy of the monument which the handwritings of Wang Xi-Zhi were carved on) (Tokyo National Museum)
- 呉春：『白梅図屏風』--四条派
- Goshun: The maker of 'Hakubai-zu byobu' (The Folding Screen of White Plum Blossoms), and the founder of the Shijo school
- 南京（三国呉・東晋・南朝・明）
- Nanjing (Wu in the Three States Period, Eastern Jin, Southern Court, Ming)
- 呉式芬・陳介祺共編『封泥攷略』
- 呉式芬/Kaiki CHIN 'Fudei koryaku'
- 御手洗 (呉市)広島県呉市港町
- Mitarai (Kure City), Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture, port town
- 呉服商となり、家号を虎屋と称す。
- Then, he became a kimono fabrics dealer, and referred to Yago (family name) as Toraya.
- 全国の百貨店・呉服店に販路を持つ。
- The firm has sales outlets at department stores and kimono shops (drapers) across the country.
- 呉線（瀬戸内さざなみ線）：全線全駅
- Kure Line (Setouchi-Sazanami Line): all stations on the line
- 「だから、その積りでゐて呉れよ。」
- Be prepared.'
- 「冬に桜咲いたら気つけて呉れよ。」
- Be careful if cherry blossoms bloom in winter.'
- 時に秀哉59歳、呉20歳であった。
- Shusai was 59, while Seigen was 20 then.
- 主に高級な呉服や風呂敷に使われる。
- Chirimen cloth is used mainly for high-grade kimono and furoshiki (wrapping cloth).
- もう今日は何も云わないで呉（く）れ。
- Please, speak no further on this today.
- 余呉川（よごがわ、伊香郡、東浅井郡）
- Yogo-gawa River (Ika-gun, Higashi-Azai-gun)
- 蕪村忌に呉春が画きし蕪かな 正岡子規
- On Buson Day/Goshun painted/a turnip (Shiki MASAOKA)
- 呉 (三国)の年号の銘が入った紀年鏡
- Kinen Mirrors having the name of San Guo (Three Kingdoms) era
- 当時の池田駅は呉服橋西詰付近にあった。
- At that time, Ikeda Station was located near Kurehabashi-Nishizume.
- お前入れて呉れるだろうね、フレッド！」
- Will you let me in, Fred?'
- 江戸で呉服屋を開き吉良屋敷を探索した。
- He opened a Gofuku-ya kimono shop in Edo in order to locate Kira's residence.
- 呉服橋の新邸も上杉家から支出されている。
- The new residence in Gofukubashi was also paid for by the Uesugi family.
- 作ったのは大文字屋呉服店（現在の大丸）。
- The short coats were prepared by Daimonjiya Gofukuten (current Daimaru).
- 広島県呉市御手洗 (呉市)1994年港町
- Mitarai (Kure City), Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture, 1994, port town
- 呉春の弟子たちは、互いに切磋琢磨しあった。
- The pupils of Goshun improved together through friendly rivalry.
- そして呉少誠が再び799年に乱を起こした。
- However, Shaocheng WU started another rebellion in 799.
- 川尻筆 広島県呉市川尻町（旧豊田郡川尻町）
- Kawajiri fude: Kawajiri-cho, Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture (former Kawajiri-cho, Toyota-gun)
- 京都の呉服商、雁金屋の三男として生まれる。
- He was born as the third son of 'Kariganeya,' kimono fabrics dealer in Kyoto.
- 呉市では、水兵が騒動に参加して検挙された。
- In Kure City, sailors were arrested since they participated in the riots.
- 1923年、日本橋の呉服屋の長男として誕生。
- In 1923, Suzuki was born the eldest son of a draper in Nihonbashi.
- 「だから皆仲良う手引き合ってやって呉れよ。」
- Help each other, everyone.'
- 彼はその帽子に最後の一と拈（ひね）りを呉れた。
- He gave the cap a parting squeeze,
- 呉越王に天慶3年（940年）に書を送っている。
- In 940, he sent a letter to the King of Wu-yueh.
- はちすずめへ、あとでよろしく云ってやって呉れ。
- Please give my regards to Hummingbird.
- 呉鼓 (くれのつづみ)として伎楽に用いられた。
- It was used as Kure no tsuzumi (Wu drum) for gigaku (an ancient pantomime in which performers wear masks).
- 伊勢屋は呉服屋説と米問屋説があるが不明である。
- Some said that Iseya was a kimono fabric shop while others said that it was a rice warehouse merchant, but the actual fact is unknown.
- 直火で炊き上げるため、呉が非常に焦げ付きやすい。
- Because it's boiled over direct heat, the go is easily scorched.
- また南人では呉澄が出て朱子学を大いに普及させた。
- Additionally, among the Southern people (survivors of the extinct Southern Song Dynasty), Go Cho emerged and widely spread Neo-Confucianism.
- 四条派は、松村呉春を祖とする画家集団から始まる。
- The Shijo school started as a painter group founded by Goshun MATSUMURA.
- 正面は東で、東庭の北に呉竹台、南に河竹台がある。
- The front faces the east and to the north of the eastern garden is the Kuretake no dai (Wu Chinese bamboo) and to the south is the Kawatake no dai (Han Chinese bamboo).
- 「このまゝ沈黙して呉れるなら十万円を出します。」
- I'll give you 100,000 yen if you stay quiet.'
- ドジャースとジャイアンツが呉越同舟でやってきた。
- The Dodgers and Giants, traditional rivals, arrived together.
- 篆刻は呉北渚に就いて学び、画名以上に名を馳せた。
- GYOTOKU studied tenkoku (seal-engraving) under Hokusho GO and won fame as a seal-engraver more than as a calligrapher.
- しかし憲宗はこれに挫けず、淮西の呉元済を滅ぼす。
- However, Xianzong was not discouraged by this, and he destroyed Yuanji WU of Huaixi.
- 呉春は器用な人物で、独自の画風を簡単に作り上げた。
- Goshun was so efficient that he built up his own painting style easily.
- 江戸時代になると呉服店が立ち並ぶ問屋街として発展。
- During the Edo period, it developed as a wholesale street lined with kimono shops (drapers).
- また呉昌碩や徐三庚と交わり、その奥義を伝えられる。
- He also socialized with Goshoseki and Xu Sangeng and learned the esoteric points of their arts.
- 安価な古着の和服を専門に扱う呉服店も出てきている。
- Kimono fabrics shops specializing in low-priced second-hand Wafuku have been emerging.
- 鯨尺・呉服尺の起源についての定説は今のところない。
- The origins of the kujira-jaku and the gofuku-jaku have not been specified yet.
- 十分に炊き上がった呉を、布で濾して豆乳を木桶に取る。
- The go, once it has fully boiled, is filtered with a cloth, and the resultant soy milk is poured into a wooden pail.
- 若者に日本の呉服のよさをアピールする場となっている。
- The Seijin-shiki ceremony is a place to make an appeal about the beauty of Japanese traditional kimono to young people.
- このクリーム状に磨り潰された大豆のことを「呉」と呼ぶ。
- The mashed soybeans are called 'go.'
- その後、太物問屋（呉服商）菱屋太兵衛の妾になっていた。
- Later, she became a mistress of Tahee HISHIYA, a kimono fabrics dealer.
- 父逝去のため進学を諦め、呉海軍工廠に製図工として勤務。
- He gave up advancing to higher education due to his father's death and worked as a draftsman for Kure Navy Arsenal.
- どうせぼくらには、骨も分けて呉（く）れやしないんだ。」
- He won't even leave us a bone to gnaw on.'
- 「八のつく日に気つけて呉れよ、だんだん近づいたから。」
- Be aware of the dates of 8, because it is approaching.'
- 10歳のとき、京都の呉服商菱屋勘七に丁稚奉公にあがる。
- He was apprenticed to Kanshichi HISHIYA, a kimono fabrics dealer in Kyoto at the age of 10.
- 百貨店、呉服、武具、祭、通信販売などで販売されている。
- It can be bought in department stores, kimono shops (drapers), armorer's shops, festival sites and mail-order markets.
- 著名な弟子には呉春や長沢蘆雪、森徹山、源琦などがいる。
- His famous disciples are Goshun, Rosetsu NAGASAWA, Tetsuzan MORI and Genki and so forth.
- 『史記』の「孔子世家」「陳勝呉広世家」がその例である。
- Koshi seika' (a history of Confucius) and 'Chinsho Goko seika' (histories of lords of Sheng CHEN and Guang WU) of 'Shiki' are examples of this.
- 30歳は呉昌碩門下となったが、独自の作風も保ちつづけた。
- He kept his original style even after becoming a disciple of Shoseki GO at the age of 30.
- 呉が日本棋院所属棋士ではないために可能だった提案である。
- Go could make this proposal because he was not a member of the Nihon Ki-in.
- 呉公の名がしめすように、中国人の特徴をよくつたえている。
- Featuring the name of Man of Wu, this is a characteristic portrayal of a Chinese face.
- 呉人鼓(8字9行・句数不明)冒頭「呉人憐亟」に由来する。
- Wo-ren-gu (the number of poems unknown each including nine lines of eight characters): This name is originated from 'wo-ren-ling-ji' at the head.
- 当初、呉春は与謝蕪村について、俳諧や文人画（南画）を学ぶ。
- At the beginning Goshun studied Haikai (amusing and playful waka) and literati painting (Nanga: a school of Chinese painting) under Buson YOSA.
- この風習は明代の沈周に始まりその後呉派によって広められた。
- The custom was started by Shen ZHOU in Ming Dynasty, and later was spread by Go school.
- 福岡高速道路呉服町出入口近くに島井宗室屋敷跡の石碑がある。
- There is a stone monument at the site of the residence of Soshitsu SHIMAI near the exit of Gofukumachi Interchange on the Fukuoka Urban Expressway.
- 並木正三の門下で吾八（五八、呉八とも）の名で浜芝居で修行。
- He trained himself in Hamashibai (a small theater in Dotonbori in the Edo Period) under Shozo NAMIKI, with his pen name, Gohachi.
- 同年、62歳で、日本棋院の呉清源七段と打込み十番碁を開始。
- In the same year, at the age of 62, he began uchikomu juban Go matches against Seigen GO Nanadan (seven dan) of Nihon Ki-in.
- 少なくとも銘文にある徐州を呉の領域であるなどとはいえない。
- Xuzhou, at least, which is inscribed on one of the mirrors, cannot be said to have been one of the territories of Wu.
- 石臼を使うと、呉の焼け（酸化）が少なくなるとも言われている。
- It is said that the use of a stone mill lessens the yake (oxidation) of Go.
- 許衡と呉澄の二人は後に元の二大儒者として北許南呉と称された。
- Kyo Ko (Xu Heng) and Go Cho were later called Hokkyo Nango as the two main Confucianist of Yuang.
- 父は錦織問屋に生まれ、川越から江戸に出て呉服商を営んでいた。
- His father was born to a brocaded fabrics wholesaler, and then moved to Edo from Kawagoe to run a kimono fabrics dealer.
- 一説では、大文字屋では無く「呉服問屋・菱屋」と言う話もある。
- Some say that it was not Daimonjiya but 'Gofuku-donya Hishiya.'
- 大国でも小国でも望みの官位を呉れてやるぞ」と上機嫌で言った。
- You can have anything you want; taikoku (major provinces), shokoku (minor provinces) or official court rank' in good mood.
- 明代前期を代表する道学者として薛セン・呉与弼が挙げられている。
- Do scholars representing the early Ming Dynasty were Setsu Sen and Go Yohitsu.
- 「呉仲圭詩意山水図」（1809年）静嘉堂文庫美術館 重要美術品
- 'Gochukei Shii Sansui-zu' (painting of the landscape expressed the intention of Gochukei's poetry) (1809), Seikado Bunko Art Museum, one of the important arts
- 1981年には余呉町中河内で積雪量6m55cmを記録している。
- The snow accumulation of 6m55cm was recorded in Nakakawachi, Yogo-cho, in 1981.
- 「着物」と「和服」と「呉服」が同義語として使われることが多い。
- The words 'Kimono,' 'Wafuku,' and 'Gofuku' are frequently used as the same meaning.
- 着物の仕立てに使われた鯨尺（くじらじゃく）・呉服尺などである。
- For example, kujira-jaku (literally, whale shaku) and gofuku-jaku (literally, kimono [Japanese traditional cloth] shaku) and others were used among tailors of kimono.
- 以後、松尾宗俊までは呉服商を生業としながら茶の湯を楽しんでいた。
- Since then until the age of Munetoshi MATSUO, the Matsuo family enjoyed themselves in the tea ceremony in addition to their basic business as a dealer in kimono fabrics.
- 彼は呉春に褒められるほど、幼少の頃から才気だったところがあった。
- He was so talented that Goshun praised him when he was a child.
- 呉市：舞鶴赴任より10年前に呉鎮守府の参謀長として赴任している。
- Kure City: Togo was appointed chief of staff of Kure Chinjufu ten years before he was dispatched to Maizuru.
- 娘である香川志保子も、権掌侍取扱となり「呉竹の内侍」と言われた。
- Also his daughter Shihoko KAGAWA took charge of Gon no naishi no jo and was called 'Kuretake no Naishi' (lady-in-waiting Kuretake).
- 日本橋呉服町に「港屋絵草紙店」を開店、来店した笠井彦乃と出会う。
- He opened a store to sell picture books called 'Minatoya esoshi-ten' in Nihonbashi Gofuku-cho, where he met Hikono KASAI who was visiting the store.
- 同30年に清国に渡り、呉昌碩と親しく交わりその門下となっている。
- In 1897, he moved to Qing, and had a close relationship with Changshuo WU and became his disciple.
- 呉彬 五百羅漢図巻(クリーブランド美術館)、紙本淡彩、明時代後期
- Wu Pin, a picture scroll of the 500 followers of Buddha (Cleveland Museum of Art), light color on paper, the late Ming period
- 『古事記』には呉音が、『日本書紀』α群には漢音が反映されている。
- The Wu reading was reflected in 'Kojiki,' while the Han reading was reflected in the α group of 'Nihonshoki.'
- 「てんか」は漢音、「てんが」はその連濁、「てんげ」は呉音である。
- 'Tenka' is the Han pronunciation of Chinese characters, 'Tenga' is the pronunciation with rendaku (the euphonic change of unvoiced to voiced sound) and 'Tenge' is the Wu pronunciation.
- 次に呉をお釜に移し、適度に水を加えて濃度を調整し薪にて炊き上げる。
- The go is then placed in an iron pot, a moderate amount of water is added to adjust the concentration, and the go is boiled over firewood.
- そのため呉春は応挙の写実性の薫陶を受け、独特の画風を構築していく。
- Then Goshun studied the realism of Okyo under him and built the unique painting style.
- 1695年、11歳で呉服屋に丁稚奉公に出て、その後一旦故郷へ帰る。
- In 1695, he was apprenticed to a kimono shop at the age of 11, and then he once returned to his hometown.
- 帰宅した皐月ともども涙に呉れる折から家臣を連れて大学之助が現れる。
- He dissolves into tears with Satsuki, who has come home, and then Daigakunosuke comes along with his vassal.
- 呉碩三郎・鄭右十郎共訳、平井義十郎校閲『和解万国公法』、1868年
- 'Wage Bankoku Koho' translated by Sekisaburo GO and Ujuro TEI, proofread by Gijuro HIRAI in 1868.
- 現存するうち、「漢訳」・「呉訳」・「魏訳」の訳者に関しては諸説ある。
- Out of the five existing translations, there are various theories about the translators of 'Kan-yaku (Han translation),' 'Go-yaku (Go translation)' and 'Gi-yaku (Wei translation).'
- 1944年、準名人戦（読売新聞主催）に出場、呉清源に白番ジゴとする。
- In 1944, he participated in the Quasi-expert Tournament (sponsored by the Yomiuri Shimbun), and played against Seigen GO, resulting in shiroban-jigo.
- 日本中の注目が集まる中、呉は第一着に本因坊家の禁手とされる三々打ち。
- Attracting the national attention, Seigen made his first move which was the san-san-uchi (literally, placing a stone at a 3-3 point) that the Honinbo school prohibited.
- 横須賀鎮守府、呉鎮守府、佐世保鎮守府、舞鶴鎮守府が終戦まで存在した。
- Yokosuka Chinju-fu, Kure Chinju-fu, Sasebo Chinju-fu, and Maizuru Chinju-fu all existed until the end of WWII.
- 中華人民共和国においては、浙江省呉興県善璉鎮の「湖筆」が最も名高い。
- In the People's Republic of China, the 'Kohitsu' (湖筆) in Zenrenchin, Wuxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province is the most famous fude.
- 中でも荃廬は長尾雨山とともに呉昌碩に学び、西泠印社にも入社している。
- Senro, in particular, learned from Goshoseki with Uzan NAGAO and joined the academic society Xi Ling Yin She.
- 大迂や荃廬などは清国に渡り、徐三庚や呉昌碩から直接篆刻を学んでいる。
- Some people, including Taiu and Senro, went to Quing and learned tenkoku directly from Xu Sangeng and Goshoseki.
- 京都の呉服商佐々木甚兵衛浄喜の子として生まれ、初めは忠三郎と名乗った。
- Sengoro was born as a child of 佐々木甚兵衛浄喜, kimono fabrics dealer, and was first called Chuzaburo.
- 26歳以降は作風が複雑に入り交じり徐三庚・呉昌碩など多様な影響がみえる。
- His style became complex after the age of 26 due to the influence from various artists like Sanko JO and Shoseki GO.
- 3年後、大坂に出て天満の呉服商綿屋利八方に移り、ここで10数年間勤めた。
- Three years later, he moved to Osaka to change to Rihachi WATAYA, a kimono fabrics dealer in Tenma, where he had worked for more than ten years.
- また呉 (三国)には今文孟氏易を伝えた虞翻、『国語注』を遺した韋昭がいる。
- Additionally, in Go (Three Kingdoms), there was Gu Hon who passed along Moshi's divination in Kinbun and I Sho who left 'Annotation of Kokugo' (history book on Chinese Spring and Autumn Period).
- 同年4月、脚本を1本も書かないうちに召集され二等兵として呉市海兵団に入団。
- In April of the same year, before he could write one single script, he was drafted into the Kure City Kaiheidan (Sailor Corps) as a nitohei (second rank officer).
- 二人は結婚して独立し、呉服商などを営む傍ら20軒ほども貸し家を持っていた。
- Kumekichi and Yasu married and went independent to deal in dry-goods and other materials and also had about 20 properties that they leased.
- 最初に落ち着いた先は呉承洪（オー・スンホン）の fetchpop だった。
- The one I first settled on was `fetchpop' by Seung-Hong Oh.
- 27歳の頃、呉昌碩への敬慕が止まず手紙を送ると思わず昌碩の返信を受け取る。
- At the age of 27, Senro surprisingly received a replay when he sent a letter to Shoseki GO due to great respect towards him.
- 次には前田陳爾に望みを託したが、木谷実、呉清源の活躍の前にその夢も消えた。
- After Kogishi's death, Shusai concentrated his hopes on Nobuaki MAEDA, but fine performances by Minoru KITANI and Seigen GO stopped him from doing so.
- 近年、日本人の呉服離れが進んでおり、呉服店自体も減少の一途をたどっている。
- Japanese people's alienation from kimono has been progressing recently, and the number of mercery itself is decreasing.
- 『仏説阿弥陀三耶三仏薩楼仏檀過度人道経』2巻 呉 (三国)の支謙訳…「呉訳」
- 'Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu Saru Butsudan Kadonindo Kyo Sutra, Vol. 2,' translated by Zhi Qian in Go (Three countries): 'Go-translation.'
- 江戸時代には東隣の室町通同様多くの呉服店があり、これが通り名の由来となった。
- During the Edo period there were many kimono fabric shops along the street, much like Muromachi-dori Street running a block east, which became the origin for the name of the street.
- 元々は絹製品を呉服、綿製品は太物（ふともの）と称し、昔は扱う店も別であった。
- In Japan, silk clothing that was called Gofuku was originally differentiated form cotton clothing that was called Futomono such that they were sold at different shops.
- 「へいほうか」とは、中国の孫武や呉起など軍学としての戦略、戦術を説く兵法者。
- Heihoka' is a tactician such as Sun Wu and Wu Qi who preached on tactics and strategy of military science.
- この説では、後に現れる曲尺1尺2寸の呉服尺は高麗尺に基づくものであるとする。
- In this study, gofuku-jaku (a shaku unit used for producing cloth), which was equivalent to 1 shaku 2 sun of the later kane-jaku, was considered to be derived from the koma-jaku.
- 呉竹の台（くれたけのだい）は、清涼殿の東庭の北寄りの、呉竹を植えた所である。
- Kuretake no dai was where planting Wu Chinese bamboo in the eastern garden of Seiryoden (Literally 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace).
- また尾道では砂ズリ(砂肝)を入れる店があり、呉市ではうどんを入れる場合が多い。
- And in Onomichi City some shops add gizzards and in Kure City many shops add udon.
- 近年、羅城門に表記が統一され、読みも呉音の「らじょうもん」にとって変わられた。
- Recently, the notation of the gatehouse has been unified to be 羅城門, and it is pronounced 'rajomon,' following the pronunciation of the Wu period in China.
- 1673年、江戸本町一丁目に呉服店を開業し、屋号を越後屋（のちの三越）とする。
- In 1673, he opened a kimono shop in Edo Honcho 1 Chome, and made the name of the store as Echigo-ya (the later MITSUKOSHI).
- 河野家は100石を給せられる他、呉服商、酒造業、魚問屋などを手広く営んでいた。
- The Kono family was given 100 koku, and they also ran a variety of business, such as kimono fabrics dealer, sake brewing industry and wholesale dealer of fishes.
- 中国に渡り呉昌碩に師事し、金石学に基づく篆刻を日本に啓蒙しその発展に尽くした。
- After moving to China and studying under Shoseki GO, he devoted himself to spreading seal engraving and its development
- 現在に残る地名では、呉服町・油屋町・大工町・鍛冶町・紺屋町などがこれに当たる。
- Current place names such as Gofuku-machi, Aburaya-cho, Daiku-cho, Kaji-machi, and Koya-machi are related to this.
- 明治40年には、鶴屋呉服店（現在の松屋 (百貨店)）が福袋の販売を始めている。
- In 1907, Tsuruya Gofukuten (now Matsuya department store) started to sell Fukubukuro.
- 松尾家の家祖は堺の辻家の養子で、京都で呉服商（屋号は墨屋）を営んだ辻玄哉である。
- The Matsuo family was founded by Gensai TSUJI, an adopted son of the Tsuji family in Sakai, who carried on as a dealer in kimono fabrics under the company name of Sumiya in Kyoto.
- 百貨店や呉服専門店で意匠の仕事に従事した後、25歳頃より家業である截金を継いだ。
- After he became engaged in design work at a department store and a specialty shop selling kimonos, he took over the family kirikane business around the age of 25.
- 林羅山等の儒者は当時は倭人の祖は、古代中国の呉の王である太白の子孫と考えていた。
- Contemporary Confucian scholars such as Razan HAYASHI thought that the origin of Japanese people could be traced to the descendants of Count Tai, king of the state of Wu.
- 名前の由来は、考案した呉服屋の馴染みだった名古屋の芸者が身につけていたことから。
- This name derived from the fact that a geisha (Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party) in Nogoya who was an old friend of gofukuya (kimono shop), the designer, wore it.
- 淮西の李希烈を殺した功績で淮西節度使となっていた陳仙奇が呉少誠によって倒された。
- Xianqi CHEN, who had became setsudoshi of Waisei because of his accomplishment in killing Xilie LI in Waisei, was defeated by Shaocheng WU.
- このような請負人には呉服屋、糸割符仲間、銀座役人などの有力町人が名を連ねている。
- Such contractors included Gofuku-ya kimono shops, itowappu nakama (the thread tally union), officers of gin-za (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during the Edo period) and other influential townspeople.
- また、建物正面の庭には「漢竹」（かわたけ）、「呉竹」（くれたけ）が植えられている。
- In the garden in front of the front of the building, Kawatake Bamboo and Kuretake Bamboo are planted.
- 1933年、呉清源は16人のトーナメントを勝ち抜いて「日本囲碁選手権手合」に優勝。
- In 1933, Seigen GO defeated 16 opponents at a tournament called 'Japan Go Championship' and won the victory.
- この結果、呉服業界はさらに不振になり、反物など織物生産を担う業界の倒産が相次いだ。
- Consequently, the Gofuku industry became further depressed so the textile businesses that had produced textiles for kimono, went down one after another.
- 続いて明治24年（1891年）鳴鶴が渡清し、兪樾、楊峴、呉大澂などの大家を尋ねた。
- Following him, Meikaku went to Qing in 1891, visiting such great calligraphers as Yu Yue, Yang Xian, and Wu Dacheng.
- 「禁秘抄」には、「呉竹 架（ませ）」とあり、また『枕草子』には、「竹のませ」とある。
- Kinpisho' (a book written by the Emperor Juntoku, which records the history and origin of imperial court ceremonies and sets forth the rules and etiquette for carrying out such ceremonies) describes it as 'Kuredake no mase,' and 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) describes it as 'Take no mase.'
- 木綿・呉服のほか、材木・紙・酒を扱った伊勢商人がおり、金融業・両替商となる者もいた。
- While some Ise shonin dealt in wood, paper, and sake besides cotton and kimono fabric, some of them started finance businesses and exchange shops.
- 呉を炊くと、大豆中のサポニンが激しく泡立つため、お釜から呉が容易に吹きこぼれてしまう。
- Because the saponin contained in soybeans foams intensively when go is boiled, the go will easily boil over.
- なお、成人式が終わると、B反と言われる呉服のアウトレットが開催される流れとなっている。
- Bargain sales on kimono called grade-B piece goods is held after the Seijin-shiki ceremony is over.
- 私もあの山賊の一人になることが出来たら、どんな物でも呉れてやるね、きっと呉れてやるよ。
- What would I not have given to one of them!
- 1934年（昭和9年）1月8日 - 国鉄駅構内で呉海兵団入営臨時列車の見送り客圧死事故。
- January 8, 1934: In the JNR Station yard, a person who had come to see off a passenger of the special train provided for the people joining the Kure Marine Corps was crushed to death.
- 真仁法親王は円山応挙、呉春らを引き立てたことでも知られ、複数の民間歌人とも交際があった。
- Imperial Prince Masahito was known to support Okyo MARUYAMA and Goshun, and he associated with a various private poets.
- 三年寄は、舟町の吉川三左衛門家、本町の下村藤右衛門家、呉服町の安藤九郎右衛門家であった。
- Sandoshiyori were families of Sanzaemon YOSHIKAWA in Funa-machi, Toemon SHIMOMURA in Hon-cho, and Kuroemon ANDO in Gofuku-machi.
- 斉明天皇の宮では、612年百済の帰化人が皇居南庭石上の池畔に須弥山と呉橋を築いたとされる。
- Within the palace of the Empress Saimei regnant, in 612 a naturalized citizen from Kudara (one of the three nations in ancient Korea) built a Shumisen and Kure-hashi Bridge on Isonokami no ike (a pond in Isonokami) located south of the Imperial Palace.
- 日本へ帰国しようとしたが、三司使の丁謂（ちょうい）の要請により、蘇州市呉門寺にとどまった。
- Although Jakusho tried to go back to Japan, he stayed in Gomon-ji Temple in Suzhou City due to a request by Choi, who was a Sanshishi.
- 綿屋は大坂の有力呉服問屋の1つで、ここで商人として活躍していく素地を造り上げる事ができた。
- WATAYA was one of the famous kimono fabrics wholesalers in Osaka, where he was able to lay the groundwork for succeeding as a merchant.
- 呉人(野守)が自然に感謝する描写と思われることから、一連の石鼓の掉尾に置かれることが多い。
- The poems are estimated to describe the scenes of Wu-ren (field guards) thanking the nature and, therefore, this is placed at the tail of the series of pieces of sekko.
- 光琳は万治元年（1658年）、京都の呉服商「雁金屋」の当主・尾形宗謙の次男として生まれた。
- Korin was born the second son of Soken OGATA who ran a kimono shop, Kariganeya, in Kyoto, in 1658.
- 高麗尺は現在の曲尺で1.1736尺であり、鯨尺よりむしろ呉服尺の起源であるとする説もある。
- Since 1 koma-jaku was equivalent of 1.1736 shaku in the present kane-jaku, a theory suggests the koma-jaku is the origin of the gofuku-jaku, rather than the kujira-jaku.
- この「やまたいこく」という読みであるが、これは二種の異なった体系の漢音と呉音を混用している。
- This reading of 'Yamataikoku' is mixed up with two kinds of different reading systems of Chinese characters, the Han reading and the Wu reading.
- 呉服商雁金屋は宗柏の時代には徳川和子（徳川秀忠娘、後水尾天皇中宮）の用を務めるようになった。
- During the time the Kariganeya was managed by Sohaku, the business delivered goods to Masako TOKUGAWA (the daughter of Hidetaka TOKUGAWA and the wife of Emperor Gomizunoo).
- 呉服屋らが請負って設立された江戸亀戸の銭座で大規模に鋳造が行われ、良質で均質なものとなった。
- A large-scale minting was conducted at zeniza in Kameido, Edo, which was established by giving a contract to Gofuku-ya kimono shops and so on, and good-quality and homogeneous coins came to be minted.
- 大阪発は南条サービスエリアで、新潟発は呉羽パーキングエリアで25分の昼食休憩が設定されていた。
- The busses departing from Osaka took a 25-minute lunch break at the Nanjo Rest Area; those departing from Niigata at the Kureha Parking Area.
- 1959年の呉清源 - 藤沢朋斎の三番勝負第2局において、呉が全局死活論での対局を申し入れた。
- In 1959, in the second game out of three match series between Seigen GO and Hosai FUJISAWA, Go asked for playing the game under the theory of life-and-death in all stages.
- 「阿倍仲麻呂明州望月図」「円通大師呉門隠栖図」（1914年）（国の重要文化財）辰馬考古資料館蔵
- Abe no Nakamaro Meishu Bogetsu-zu (The Poet Abe Nakamaro Contemplating the Moon in China), Entsu Daishi Gomon Insei-Zu (1914) (National Important Cultural Asset) Tatsuuma Collection of Fine Arts
- そのため、濃く粘度の高い呉を使って、現在のような高濃度の豆乳を作ることは、事実上不可能であった。
- This is why it was virtually impossible to make the present-day high concentrations of soy milk using thick, viscous go.
- 宗鏡録（すぎょうろく）は、中国五代十国の呉越から北宋初の僧、永明延寿が撰した仏教論書、100巻。
- Sugyoroku is a book of the Buddhism theory compiled in 100 volumes by Enju EIMIN, the monk who lived during the times between Wu-yueh in the Chinese Godai Jikkoku era and early Northern Sung Dynasty period.
- 伊勢商人として、最も代表的な存在は江戸に呉服店越後屋を出店し三井家の基礎を作った三井高利である。
- The most representative person among the Ise shonin was Takatoshi MITSUI, who opened the kimono shop (draper) Echigoya in Edo and laid the foundation of the Mitsui Family.
- 藤村庸軒は、久田家初代の久田宗栄の次男で、呉服商十二屋の藤村家に養子に入ったとされる（異説あり）。
- Yoken FUJIMURA was the second son of Soei HISADA, the ancestor of the Hisada family, and he is said to have been adopted by the Fujimura family, who ran a shop called Juniya that dealt in kimono fabrics.
- 957年（天徳 (日本)元年）、日延が呉越より符天暦を持ち帰ったことによりその研究が盛んになった。
- Nichien brought Futenreki (the Futian calendar table) from Wu-yueh in 957, which made its study active.
- 更に1960年以降、呉須染付に併用して赤絵や金彩の技法を用いる様になり、更に独特の作風を確立した。
- After 1960, he started using techniques to add red and gold on Gosu sometsuke, establishing his own style.
- この一節が鳴り渡ったとき、その精霊がかつて彼に示して呉れたすべての事柄が残らず彼の心に浮んで来た。
- When this strain of music sounded, all the things that Ghost had shown him, came upon his mind;
- 例えば呉音ではヤマダイ又はヤメダイ、漢音ではヤバタイとなることから、必ずしも正確な読み方ではない。
- It is not the right way to read because, for example, it would be Yamadai or Yamedai if it was read all in the Wu reading, and it would be Yabatai in the Han reading.
- 文久3年7月頃、山南は土方と共に呉服商「岩城升屋」に押し入った不逞浪士数名を激しい戦闘の末に撃退。
- Around August 1863, Sannan and Hijikata had a fierce battle against a few repined masterless samurai who intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya' and repelled them.
- 将軍の寝所である御小座敷、御台所居所、「千鳥之間」、「呉服之間」といった大奥女中詰所などがあった。
- Gotenmuki consisted of Okozashiki (Shogun's bed room), the residence of Midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman) and the rooms named 'Chidori no ma' and 'Gofuku no ma' where jochu in O-oku were stationed.
- 民国2年（1913年）、呉昌碩が西泠印社の社長に就任するに及んで河井荃廬とともにこれに参加している。
- In 1913, when Changshuo WU became president of Seirei Insha, he joined it with Senro KAWAI,
- 呉服業界が、販売促進の目的で、種々の場面で必要とされる和服の条件というような約束事を作って宣伝した。
- For the purpose of sales promotion, the Gofuku industry drew up requirements for wearing Wafuku on various occasions and advertised them.
- 当時のファッションの先端であった呉服商に生まれた光琳は、少年時代から能楽、茶道、書道などに親しんだ。
- Korin was born into a family that dealt with kimono fabric, a business on the cutting edge of fashion, and he favored Noh, the Tea Ceremony and Calligraphy.
- この時、呉はサポニンの作用で激しく泡立つため、消泡剤として食用油に石灰を加えたものを適度に振りかける。
- At this time, it's necessary to add a moderate amount of antifoaming agent, which is obtained by adding lime to cooking oil, because the go foams actively due to saponin.
- 草津パーキングエリア・南条サービスエリア・呉羽パーキングエリア・米山サービスエリアで休憩を取っていた。
- The busses took rest stops at the Kusatsu Rest Area, the Nanjo Rest Area, the Kureha Parking Area, and the Yoneyama Rest Area.
- そしてお前もね、どうしてもとらなければならない時のほかはいたずらにお魚を取ったりしないようにして呉れ。
- And please, try not to kill any more fish than is absolutely necessary.
- 従来鍛冶橋内にあった南町奉行所が中町奉行所に、同じく呉服橋門内にあった中町奉行所が北町奉行所となった。
- Then, the former minami-bugyo-sho office located in an area inside Kajiya-bashi Bridge became to be called the naka (middle)-bugyo-sho office, and the former naka-bugyo-sho office located in an area inside Gofuku-bashi Bridge became to be called the kita-bugyo-sho office.
- 159手目まで進行した後、13回目の打ち継ぎ開始直後に、秀哉は呉の黒地に強襲をかける歴史的妙手を放つ。
- After advancing to the 159th move, and upon resuming the game after the 13th adjournment, Shusai made the historic move of excellence ('myoshu' in Japanese) to storm Seigen's black territory.
- 4月20日、その内容が発表され大きな反響を呼び、同日、殉職者14名の海軍公葬が呉市海軍基地で行われた。
- On April 20, the contents of the note was published and it created great sensation; the official funeral service of Imperial Navy was held for those 14 victims of the naval duty, at the naval base of Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture.
- 現在では夏目の他、石子順（石子順造とは別人）や村上知彦、呉智英、長谷邦夫、藤本由香里ら数名が活動する。
- Today, in addition to Natsume, Jun ISHIKO (he is not Junzo ISHIKO), Tomohiko MURAKAMI, Tomofusa KURE, Kunio NAGATANI and Yukari FUJIMOTO are working as a critic.
- たとえば清代最後の文人と言われる呉昌碩は詩書画に印を加えたすべてを能くしたことから四絶と讚えられてた。
- For example, Goshoseki who was called the last Bunjin in the Qing period was admired as Shizetsu (四絶,literally, a master of the four areas of art) because he was good at all of poetry, calligraphy and painting as well as seal-engraving.
- 断片的な文の中で特筆すべきなのは、伊香郡余呉湖に伝わる羽衣伝説と竹生島の伝承に言及している箇所である。
- Among the fragmentary writings, contents that are highly important include descriptions on Robe of Feathers Legend that is handed down by tradition in the Lake Yogo area in Ika County and the tradition of Chikubushima Island.
- 画芸では唐代の伯虎、元末の呉仲圭・王元章、書芸では明の祝枝山・王鐸などが作品を売って生計を立てている。
- Hakuko in the Tang period and Go Chukei and O Gensho in the end of the Yuan period sold their paintings, and SHUKU Shizan and O taku in the Ming period sold their calligraphic arts for living.
- 現在は舞鶴、呉がライバル関係をアピールしながら連携して肉じゃがと海軍ゆかりの街をアピールする活動が多い。
- Today we see many activities in which Maizuru and Kure collaborate with each other to gain attention for nikujaga and their cities associated with the Imperial Japanese Navy, while announcing they are in rivalry.
- 正虎は京都の呉服商の息子で当初は佐々木忠三郎といったが、8世茂山久蔵英政の養子となり千吾正虎と名乗った。
- Masatora was the son of a draper in Kyoto and was called Chuzaburo SASAKI at first, but he was adopted by the 8th Kyuzo Hidemasa SHIGEYAMA and then called himself Sengo Masatora.
- ただ、寺町には文字通り多数の寺が所在するが、現在ではその地名に呉服屋や染物屋を構える店はなくなっている。
- Although many temples exist in the Tera (temple)-machi as exemplified by its name, there are no kimono shops (Gofuku) or dye shops (Koya) in Gofuku-machi and Koya-machi which were named after such shops.
- 千福（せんぷく）とは、広島県呉市の酒造メーカー、株式会社三宅本店によって造られている日本酒の銘柄である。
- Sempuku is a sake brand produced by MIYAKEHONTEN, a sake brewer in Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture.
- 楽師は令制では唐・新羅・高麗（高句麗）・百済及び呉楽である伎楽・腰鼓に分かれてそれぞれの音楽を担当した。
- Gakushis (musicians) were divided into groups of Tang, Silla, Goryeo (Goguryeo), Paekche and gigaku and kurezutsumi which were kuregaku, the music in Wo, and they played each music under the Ritsuryo system.
- 明治政府は、曲尺の尺の他に鯨尺を布地の計量に限定した計量単位として認め、呉服尺などその他の尺を廃止した。
- Other than the kane-jaku, Meiji government allowed the kujira-jaku as the limited use for the measurement unit of a clothing fabric, while other shaku including the gofuku-jaku were abolished.
- 画人では円山・四条派の円山応挙、岸駒、松村呉春等と、文人では漢詩人菅茶山や六如等と生涯を通じ交流があった。
- During his lifetime, Hakyo socialized with many painters such as Okyo MARUYAMA, Ganku, and Goshun MATSUMURA etc. from Maruyama-Shijo School, and literary men, Chazan KAN, and Rikunyo etc. who were composers of Chinese poems.
- （昭和4年編入）南裏→片原町に編入、呉服→東堺町に編入、東尼ケ崎→西尼崎町に編入、西菱屋→西大文字町に編入
- (Integrated in 1929) Minami Ura => Katahara-cho, Gofuku => Higashi Sakai-machi, Higashi Amagasaki => Nishi Amagasaki-cho, Nishi Hishiya => Nishi Daimonji-cho
- 北部や山間部には豪雪地帯が広がり、なかでも県最北端の余呉町は近畿地方で唯一の特別豪雪地帯に指定されている。
- A snowy area spreads over the northern area and mountain areas, and 'Yogo-cho' located at the farthest north of the prefecture is counted as the only special snowy area in the Kinki region.
- 柴田勝家は清洲会議以後豊臣秀吉との対立を深め、天正11年（1583年）ついに両者は近江国余呉湖畔で対陣する。
- As Katsuie SHIBATA deepened its confrontation against Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI after the Kiyosu conference, the two finally faced each other by the Lake Yogo of Omi Province in 1583.
- おまんを連れて千草屋に赴き、三十にもなっての独身に耐えきれなくなったので、おまんを妻に呉れるように談判する。
- He took Oman to Chigusaya and tried to persuade Chigusaya to offer him Oman as his wife as he could no longer bear being single at the age of thirty.
- 日本書紀によれば、612年、推古天皇の時代に百済人味摩之（みまし）によって中国南部の呉から伝えられたという。
- According to Nihon Shoki (The Chronicle of Japan), Mimashi of Baekje introduced gigaku to Japan from Wu of Southern China during the reign period of Empress Suiko in 612.
- 世界中の富を呉れると云っても、あの綺麗に編んだ毛をむしゃくしゃにしたり、ぐんぐん引き解いたりはしない積りだね。
- I wouldn't for the wealth of all the world have crushed that braided hair, and torn it down;
- その後も狩野光定から狩野派を学び、大和絵では土佐派、琳派、円山応挙、呉春などを、さらに朝鮮画、西洋画も学んだ。
- After that, he learned the style of the Kano school from Mitsusada KANO, and he studied the styles of the Tosa school, the Rinpa school, Okyo MARUYAMA and Goshun of Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting), in addition to Korean and Western paintings.
- 「概要」にある程度書いたように、四条派は円山派の流れをくんではいるが、松村呉春は円山応挙と対立したわけではない。
- As already written in the summary above, the Shijo school is derived from the Maruyama school, but it doesn't mean that Goshun MATSUMURA conflicted with Okyo MARUYAMA.
- これまでは山梨県市川三郷町の鳥居原狐塚古墳出土の紀年銘鏡「赤烏元年」（呉の大帝の年号で238年）が最も古かった。
- Before this mirror was discovered, the oldest ancient mirror had been the mirror with the year inscribed as 'Sekiu Gannen' (first year of Sekiu, or 238) (Sekiu, or Chiwu is the name of the era of the Emperor Da Di of Wu Dynasty of China) which was excavated from Toriibara Kitsunezuka-kofun Tumulus in Ichikawa Misato Town in Yamanashi Prefecture.
- 代々呉服商を営む荒木屋の長子としていったんは家督を相続したが、後に弟 兵助に譲り、もっぱら書道の研究に没頭した。
- Being the eldest child, for a brief period of time he inherited the role of being family head and running a kimono fabric store (Araki-ya store) which had been run by the family for generations; however, he later handed over that responsibility to his younger brother Hyosuke and immersed himself entirely in the study of calligraphy.
- はじめ呉服屋を営んでいたが、天保10年 (1839) 絞吉平の名で河原崎座に入り、歌舞伎狂言の創作活動を始める。
- At first he ran a kimono shop, but in 1839, he joined a Kabuki theater company called Kawarazaki-za with a pen name Kichihei SHIBORI (絞吉平), and started creative activities, writing Kabuki plays.
- 字体は始皇帝の文字統一以前に用いられた「大篆」の例として書家に愛好され、呉昌碩の臨書など作品のモデルとなっている。
- The character font is loved by the Chinese calligraphers as an example of 'Da-zhuang' which had been used before the characters were standardized by the Emperor Shi, the font is a model of the works such as ling-shu (writing calligraphy with copying) by WU Chang-shou.
- 和服そのものを指す語としては「和服」「着物」に比べ使用頻度は低いが、和服を扱う店は「呉服屋」と呼ばれることが多い。
- The shops that deal with Japanese clothing is generally called 'Gofuku-ya,' although the word Gofuku is not specifically used to indicate Japanese clothing. as frequently as Wafuku and Kimono.
- しかし、茶屋家の本業は呉服屋ではなく、茶屋染の発祥も茶屋家の繁栄した時期とはズレがあるため、この説には疑問もある。
- However, this theory is also discredited because the Chaya family's main business was not a kimono merchant (dry goods store), and chaya-zome was not started when the family prospered.
- 江戸時代の前句師・柄井川柳が選んだ句の中から、呉陵軒可有が選出して『誹風柳多留』（はいふうやなぎだる）を刊行した。
- Senryu KARAI, a composer of these maeku (previous verses) in the Edo period, selected poems first, and then GORYOKEN Arubeshi chose poems among these and published them as 'Haifu-Yanagidaru'.
- だが、後述する通り呉服販売業界から「業界の衰退にかかわる」等と抗議が相次ぎ、結局大幅縮小という形で継続となっている。
- However, as mentioned below, since the mercery lodged protests in succession by saying, 'it may cause the decline of the industry,' etc., the holding of Seijin-shiki ceremony has eventually continued in the form of drastically downsizing.
- 呉与弼は朱熹の理論の枠内から出ず、もっぱらその実践に力をそそいだとされるが、その門下から胡居仁・婁諒・陳献章が出た。
- Go Yohitsu stayed within the theory of Chu His, focusing on practicing it, and his disciples include Ko Kyojin, Ro Ryo, and Chin Kensho.
- 1998年3月に広島県呉市も「肉じゃが発祥の地?」（最初に宣言した舞鶴市に配慮して?をつけた）として名乗りを上げた。
- Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture also declared itself to be the 'birthplace of nikujaga?' (added '?' in consideration for Maizuru City, which made the first declaration).
- 江戸時代に長浜（現、広島県呉市長浜）の地で「石泉塾」を開いた、同派の学僧の石泉僧叡（せきせんそうえい）の流れをくむ。
- It follows Sekisen Soei, gakuso (scholar priest) of the same school who established Sekisen juku (a private academy) in Nagahama (current Nagahama, Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture) during the Edo period.
- 中国の呉越王銭弘俶（せんこうしゅく）が延命を願って、諸国に立てた8万4千塔の形をまねて簡略化したものだとされている。
- It is said that a hokyoin-to pagoda is a simplified imitation of the 84,000 pagodas which Qian Chu, the King of Wuyue in China, built in his various territories hoping for prolongation of his life.
- 作家の水野葉舟に入門し、1913年（大正2年）、20歳のときに三越呉服店（現在の三越）の募集した懸賞脚本に入選した。
- He became the writer, Yoshu MIZUNO's disciple and, in 1913, at the age of 20, he was selected at a prize-winning drama competition sponsored by K.K. Mitsukoshi Gofukuten (present day, Mitsukoshi).
- 呉も「受けの妙手」と呼ばれたツケで応えて崩壊を免れるが、この攻防の間に秀哉は右方で黒5子を捕獲し、優勢を決定づけた。
- Seigen, on the other hand, responded by making the contact move ('tsuke' in Japanese) named 'Uke no myoshu' (literally, excellent move in response), so that he avoided disruption of his territory, but Shusai captured 5 black stones in the right side as a result of such offence and defense, getting an advantage.
- 呉国の国王の血をひく和薬使主（やまとくすしのおみ）が、仏典や仏像とともに「伎楽調度一具」を献上したという記述がある。
- This chapter mentions that Yamato Kusushino omi, the descendant of the king of Wu, offered a 'series of instruments for gigaku performance' along with the Buddhist scriptures and statues.
- 中国の三国時代の呉と倭国が公的に交渉を行った文献は全くないが、遺物としては呉の年号を記す画文帯神獣鏡が二面存在する。
- Although there is no evidence of an official negotiation between Wakoku and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, two Gabuntai Shinjukyo Mirror (Mirror with figures of duties and sacred animals) with the name of the era in Wu exists as a relic.
- 彼らの中には、三角縁神獣鏡を、卑弥呼の遣使を記念して呉 (三国)の工人などに日本で作らせたものだと主張する者もいる。
- Some of them advocate that the Sankakubuchi Shinjukyo Mirror was produced in Japan by craftsmen and others in the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdom) in celebration of Himiko's dispatch.
- 海軍はむつ市、横須賀市、舞鶴市、呉市、佐世保市といった限られた都市にしかいなかったのに対し、陸軍が全国に駐屯していた。
- While Navy's stations were in limited cities such as Mutsu City, Yokosuka City, Maizuru City, Kure City, and Sasebo City, the Army was stationed all across the country.
- 普通、経典は呉音で読まれるのが一般的であるが、真言宗では『理趣経』が日本に伝来した時代の中国語の音から漢音で読誦する。
- Although Buddhist scriptures are usually read in the Wu reading, in the Shingon sect it is chanted in the Han reading of Chinese characters based on the Chinese pronunciation at the time when 'Rishu-kyo' was introduced into Japan.
- 推古天皇が「太刀ならば句礼（中国の呉）の真鋤（刀剣の意味）」と詠っているように、古代は大陸からの輸入品が主流であった。
- As the Emperor Suiko said 'masasabi (swords) produced in Kure (Wu-southern part of ancient China) are the best', swords imported from China were mainly used during ancient times.
- 保憲は日食予想の成功率の低下などを憂慮して呉越に留学していた日延（天台宗）に依頼して持ち帰らせた符天暦の採用を図った。
- Concerned about a decline in the success rate of solar eclipse prediction, the KAMO no Yasunori asked Nichien, a priest of the Tendai sect who was studying in Wu-yueh, to bring back the futenreki (the Futian calendar table) and then tried to use it.
- また泡立った呉から取った豆乳もホイップ状の泡に包まれてしまうので、まともににがりを打ち、寄せの作業をすることが出来ない。
- Additionally, since the soy milk extracted from the foamed go is covered with foam in a whipped state, it's impossible to add bittern and properly do the work of yose.
- 中国天台山から延暦寺に対し中国で散逸した天台教籍の書写送付の依頼があり、953年（天暦7年）その送使として呉越へ渡った。
- Responding to a request by a temple in Mt. Tendai, China for Enryaku-ji Temple to send a hand-written copy of Tendai Kyoshaku (doctrine book) which had been dispersed and lost in China, he went across the sea to Goetsu (Wuyue) as Soshi (delivering envoy) in 953.
- 実態としては、呉春は与謝蕪村の文人画（南画）を基礎としているため、円山派と四条派は別の流派であると言っても過言ではない。
- But actually, Goshun, whose painting style was rooted in literati painting (nanga) of Buson YOSA, it is safe to say that Maruyama School and Shijo School can be distinguished from each other in the painting styles.
- 呉服の語源は、中国大陸が三国時代 (中国)のときに呉 (三国)の織物や着物の縫製方法が日本に伝わったことにあるとされる。
- It is considered that the word Gofuku originated in the introduction of textiles and manufacturing techniques from Wu 呉 in China during the Three Kingdoms period in China.
- 1933年～1934年、読売新聞主催の「日本囲碁選手権手合」に優勝した呉清源五段と向先で対戦、2目勝ちを収める（後述）。
- From 1933 to 1934 Shusai played a match against Seigen GO who was a holder of fifth dan (rank) and had won the 'Japan Go Championship' hosted by The Yomiuri Shimbun, and in that match between Shusai and Seigen a handicap called Mukai-sen (or Muko-sen) was applied and Seigen therefore took Black throughout the match, resulting in Shusai's victory by 2 points (to be hereinafter described).
- 呉市では、海軍陸戦隊が出動し、民衆と対峙するなか、銃剣で刺されたことによる死者が少なくとも２名でたことが報告されている。
- It was reported that at least 2 people were killed by a bayonet in Kure City while Naval Landing Forces were called out and facing the people,
- その影響か6月には大宰府から解状と高麗からの牒が無事に届けられ、7月には左大臣藤原仲平が呉越に対して使者を派遣している。
- After this, in June, a civil letter from Dazaifu (a local government office in Kyushu) and official documents from Goryeo were delivered without incident, and in July, the Sadaijin (Minister of the left), FUJIWARA no Nakahira, dispatched an envoy to Wu-yueh.
- 藤村庸軒は、千家とつながりの深かった久田家初代の久田宗栄の次男で、呉服商十二屋の藤村家に養子に入ったとされる（異説あり）。
- It is said that Yoken FUJIMURA was the second son of Soei HISADA, who was the first head of the Hisada family and had a strong connection with Senke, and was adopted by the Fujimura family that carried on a kimono shop named Juniya (there is another theory about this point).
- 22歳のとき、京都四条派の松村呉春に入門し、同門の松村景文や岡本豊彦らと名声を競ったが、やがて頼山陽に感化され南画に転向。
- Although he became a disciple of Goshun MATSUMURA of Kyoto Shijo-ha school at the age of 22, and competed with Keibun MATSUMURA, Toyohiko OKAMOTO and others in obtaining fame, Kaisen influenced by Sanyo RAI eventually changed his specialty to nanga.
- 大正3年（1914年）、呉昌碩が初代社長となった西泠印社設立時の発起人の一人となり、結社後は長尾雨山とともに社員となった。
- In 1914, he was one of the promoters to start the company, Xilin Society of Seal Arts which welcomed Shoseki GO as the first president, and worked as an employee with Uzan NAGAO after the establishment.
- 神武天皇については、「呉 (春秋)の太伯の子孫」であるとして、「天皇中国人説」を唱えた(山本七平 『現人神の創作者たち』)。
- He regarded Emperor Jinmu as 'a descendant of Wu (Chunqiu era) Taibo' and insisted on 'the theory that the Emperor had a Chinese origin' (Shichihei YAMAMOTO, 'The creators of Arahitogami, a god who appeared in this world in human form').
- 天保4年6月26日 (旧暦)（1833年8月11日）、長門国萩呉服町（今の山口県萩市）萩藩医 和田昌景の長男として生まれる。
- On August 11, 1833 Kogoro WADA was born as the first son of Masakage WADA, who was a physician of the Hagi clan, and whose residence was located at Hagi Gofuku-machi, Nagato Province (present-day Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture).
- 中国の学者が算出した嘉量による単位と、呉承洛の『中国度量衡史』による隋代および唐代の単位をグラムに換算したものを以下に示す。
- The conversion of the units in the Chia-ling standard measure calculated by a Chinese scholar, and the units used in the Sui and the Tang Dynasties in 'History of Chinese weight and measures' written by Wu Chengluo, into the gram are respectively described as follows.
- 呉春の弟子である岡本豊彦や実弟で弟子でもある松村景文などが、四条通周辺に居を構えたことから、「四条派」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Toyohiko OKAMOTO, a pupil of Goshun, and Keibun MATSUMURA, a younger brother and pupil of Goshun, and other pupils built their residences on the Shijo street and therefore they were called 'Shijo school'
- 明治44年には、いとう呉服店（現在の松坂屋）が「多可良函」（たからばこ）の名前で福袋の販売を始め、当時の値段は50銭であった。
- In 1911, Ito Gofukuten (now Matsuzakaya department store) started to sell Fukubukuro named 'Takarabako (treasure box)' at 0.50 yen at that time.
- 十人衆に選ばれたのは、本町の宮部・西村・下村・田辺、呉服町の安藤、大手町の樋口・大依・川崎、魚屋町の今村、舟町の吉川家だった。
- Families chosen as the juninshu were the followings: Miyabe, Nishimura, Shimomura, Tanabe in Hon-cho, Ando in Gofuku-machi, Higuchi, Oyori, Kawasaki in Ote-machi, Imamura in Uoya-cho (魚屋町), and Yoshikawa in Funa-machi (舟町).
- 成人式では単価の高い着物（特に女性の振袖といわれる呉服）を着用する新成人が多いため、和服業界にとって最大の稼ぎ時と見られている。
- Since many new adults wear expensive clothes (especially kimono called furisode - a long sleeved type of kimono for women) to participate in the Seijin-shiki ceremony, it is considered to be the best time to make a profit for the industry of Japanese traditional kimono.
- 弟忠兵衛は明治5年１月に大阪本町二丁目に呉服、太物店をはじめ「紅忠」（べんちゅう）と称し、麻布類、尾濃織物、関東織物を取り扱う。
- In February 1872, Chubei also opened a drapery shop of silk, cotton and linen 'Benchu' at 2 chome, Honcho, Osaka, and dealt with linen, Bino textile and Kanto textile.
- 唐が滅亡した後も唐の正朔を奉じ続けた呉 (十国)に見られるように、唐全体の経済を支える江南地域は比較的朝廷に対して恭順であった。
- As it can be seen in Wu (Ten Kingdoms) that continued to respect Tang's calendar even after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Jiangnan area, which supported the overall economy of Tang, was relatively obedient to the imperial court.
- 寛文6年（1666年）3代目太郎左衛門の次男・八兵衛は高知城下にでて質屋を開業（屋号は才谷屋）し、酒屋、呉服等を扱う豪商となる。
- Hachibei, who is the second son of the third generation Tarozaemon, moved to and opened a pawnshop (shop name: Saitaniya) in the town around Kochi castle, and then became a wealthy merchant running a liquor shop and dealing with kimono fabrics and other goods.
- 平城天皇が「へいぜい」と読むことや、「へいじょう」は漢音＋呉音の表記であることなどから、漢音表記に統一した「へいぜい」とされた。
- The Emperor's name '平城' is read as 'Heizei,' and the pronunciation of 'Heijo' was a combination of the Han and Wu reading of the same Chinese characters, so the standard writing was changed to 'Heizei' by simply using the Han reading.
- 推古天皇が「馬ならば日向国の駒、太刀ならば呉のまさび」と詠んでいるように、この時代、呉（中国南東部の総称）の刀が最良とされていた。
- As Emperor Suiko composed, 'A colt from Hyuga Province is the best horse, and Masabi from Wu is the best Tachi,' swords from Wu (collective name of southeast area of China) was supposed to be the best during this period.
- 1889年から1891年まで海軍参謀部長、さらに常備艦隊長官を経て、1892年に海軍中将・呉鎮守府司令長官となり日清戦争を迎えた。
- From 1889 to 1891, he held the post of Chief of Naval Staff Officer Division, and after serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Readiness Fleet, in 1892, he was promoted to Vice Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of Kure Chinjufu (Kure Naval District) and reached Sino-Japanese War.
- 明治7年（1874年）、浜側町が呉服町に編入、風呂屋町が紙子屋町と下板橋町に編入されて消滅し、この時点での町数は267町であった。
- In 1874, Hamagawa town was integrated into Gofuku town, and Furoya town disappeared to be integrated into Kamikoya town and Shimoitabashi town, resulting in number of towns at that time of 267.
- 伎楽は「呉楽（くれがく）」「伎楽儛（くれのうたまい）」ともいわれるように、中国南部の仏教文化圏であった呉国に由来する楽舞であった。
- Also known as 'Kuregaku,' (literally means the performance of Wu) or 'Kureno Utamai' (the music and dance of Wu), it was a singing and dancing brought from state of Wu located in Southern China within the cultural sphere of Buddhism.
- しかし総じて明初期の思想界は朱子学的側面が強く、呉与弼や陳献章にせよ、本人としては朱子学の実践を行っているつもりであったのである。
- But in general, ideological circles in the Ming period were largely under the influence of Shushigaku, and even Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang must have thought they were practicing Shushigaku.
- 参加者は花城長茂、本部朝勇、本部朝基、喜屋武朝徳、知花朝信、摩文仁賢和、宮城長順、許田重発、呉賢貴など、そうそうたる顔ぶれであった。
- Many karate superstars were among the participants, such as Chomo HANASHIRO, Choyu MOTOBU, Choki MOTOBU, Chotoku KYAN, Chosin CHIBANA, Kenwa MABUNI, Chojun MIYAGI, Juhatsu KYODA and Kenki GO.
- 原文の経題の表記は、『佛説阿彌陀三耶三佛薩樓佛檀過度人道經卷上』、『佛説阿彌陀三耶三佛薩樓佛檀過度人道經卷下』 呉月支國居士支謙譯。
- The original way of writing the title is 'Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu saru butsudan kadonindo kyo Sutra, Part 1' and 'Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu saru butsudan kadonindo kyo Sutra, Part 2,' as translated by Zhi Qian-koji in Yuezhi, Go.
- 駐日清国公使の黎庶昌・書記官鄭孝胥・呉昌碩・羅振玉・内藤湖南・狩野直喜・犬養毅・副島種臣などの当時一流の学者や文人と交遊をひろめた。
- He widely communicated with top scholars and literatus of the time, such as Shuchang LI, Qing minister to Japan, Xiaoxu ZHENG, Qing secretary, Changshu WU, Zhenyu LUO, Konan NAITO, Naoki KANO, Tsuyoshi INUKAI, Taneomi SOEJIMA and so on.
- 他にも『歴聖図像』4軸や『今上起居注』45冊、方賓『皇宋会編』（宋版）、呉応箕『十七朝聖藻集』（明版）など貴重な秘蔵文書が消失した。
- Valuable treasured documents such as four scrolls of '歴聖図像,' 45 volumes of '今上起居注,''皇宋会編' written by 方賓 (sohan (wooden print made during Song dynasty)), '十七朝聖藻集' (明版) by 呉応箕 also disappeared.
- この地の古名である「呉服（くれは）の里」に因み、呉春を名乗るようになる（この縁で、池田市には、今でも「呉春」と言う名の地酒がある）。
- He started to call himself Goshun (呉春) after the old name of the place where he was staying, 'Kureha no Sato' (呉服の里). (Because of this, a locally brewed sake called 'Goshun' still exists in Ikeda City.)
- 最盛期は明治時代から大正時代にかけてのころで、呉服の街として名高い日本橋 (東京都中央区)には葛籠の職人も多く、葛籠屋の組合もあった。
- Its height was from the Meiji period to the Taisho period and there were many tsuzura craftsman in Nihonbashi (Chuo Ward, Tokyo), a famous town for kimono, and there was also a tsuzura traders' union.
- 私は呉服屋街のコクソンの店に務めていたんですが、この春大きな損をしまして、たぶん御存じかと思いますが、店がいけなくなっちまったんです。
- ``I used to have a billet at Coxon & Woodhouse's, of Draper Gardens, but they were let in early in the spring through the Venezuelan loan, as no doubt you remember, and came a nasty cropper.
- しかし、その後も和服ではなく洋服を着る人の割合が増え、呉服業界（呉服業界とは、和服・反物の生産・販売の産業のこと）は不振に追い込まれた。
- Yet, the segment of the population who wore Western clothing instead of Wafuku, increased, and the Gofuku industry that engaged in production and sales of Wafuku and textiles for Wafuku became depressed.
- 顧炎武の流れをくむ浙西学派がその主流であり、恵棟を始めとする蘇州市を中心とする呉派、安徽省出身の戴震らの影響を受けた皖派（かんぱ）がある。
- The Sessei school which descended from Ko Enbu was mainstream, and there was the Go school of Kei To based in Soshu-shi (Suzhou) and the Kan school influenced by Tai Shin (Dai Zhen) from Anki-sho (Anhui Province).
- 天和_(日本)3年（1683年）には、呉服屋に対しては小袖の表は銀200目を上限とし、金紗・縫（刺繍）・惣鹿子（絞り）の販売は禁じられた。
- In 1683, drapers were limited to selling kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes) of up to 200 kan of silver and were banned from selling silk interwoven with gilt thread, nui (embroidery), and sokanoko (shibori [tie-dyeing]).
- しかしながら、呉鎮守府、佐世保鎮守府の整備が優先され、舞鶴の軍港建設費用には日清戦争によって清から支払われた賠償金があてられる事になった。
- However, the improvement of Kure Chinjufu (Kure Naval District) and Sasebo Chinjufu (Sasebo Naval District) was prioritized before Maizuru, and so the monetary compensation for the Sino-Japanese War paid by Ching was to be appropriated for building the naval port in Maizuru.
- 並以下の状態のものは骨董市などで安価で入手できるが、状態の良いもの・質の高いものは専門の呉服店等で扱われ数十万円から数百万円と高価である。
- Ordinary or poor quality kimono are available in places like antique markets at lower prices, but good conditioned or higher quality kimono are sold in shops specializing in kimono at the prices of several hundred thousand to several million yen.
- 呉承洛の『中国度量衡史』による隋代の1両は41.762グラムであり嘉量の約3倍、唐代の1両は37.301グラムであり、「大両」に相当する。
- And when we weigh 1 ryo with the standard of Sui Dynasty China in 'History of Chinese Weights and Measures,' written by Wu Chengluo, the value was 41.762 grams, which was about three times as much as the previously-mentioned weight with chia-liang, and with the standard of the Tang Dynasty, 1 ryo weighed at 37.301 grams which equivalent to 1 'larger ryo.'
- 五品江戸廻送令（ごひんえどかいそうれい）は、江戸幕府が1860年（万延元年）に発令した生糸・雑穀・水油・蝋・呉服を対象とした貿易統制法令。
- The Law for Transporting Five Articles through Edo was a law for trading control over raw silk thread, cereals, hair oil, wax and draperies issued by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1860.
- 五代十国では、呉越国王の銭氏一族が、永明道潜、天台徳韶、永明延寿らの法眼宗に属する僧らを保護したため、江南地方において、その宗勢が振るった。
- In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Sen family, a king of Wuyue, guarded the priests of the Hogan sect such as Eimei Dosen (永明道潜), Tendai Tokusho and Eimei Enju, so that it flourished in the Jiangnan district.
- しかしながら同所で「今在原業平｣の異名を持つ日本橋 (東京都中央区)の呉服商紀伊国屋の伜、角太郎と出会うことになり、やがて二人は恋に落ちた。
- In Hakone, however, she met Kakutaro, a son of Kinokuniya in Nihombashi (Chuo Ward, Tokyo), a kimono fabrics dealer, who won the nickname of 'Ima ARIWARA no Narihira' and they fell in love before long.
- 崑崙はマラカタとよばれる男性器を誇張したつくりものを扇でたたいて呉女に言い寄り、力士はそのマラカタに縄をかけて引っ張ったり、たたいたりする。
- Kuron seduces the woman of Wu by hitting an exaggerated imitation of a male genital called Marakata with a fan, then Rikishi punishes Kuron by pulling and hitting Marakata by roping it.
- 予科練航空隊増設を機に、呉海兵団を投入して突貫工事を進めたが、開隊までには完工にいたらず、入隊したばかりの甲飛13期生も残工事に借り出された。
- Along with the installation of the educational Air Corps of the preparatory pilot training course, the Kure Marine Team was introduced for a rush construction job, but it was not finished before the opening, and even the students of the 13th group of the Ko-type preparatory pilot training course were required to do the remaining construction job.
- 中国で仏教寺院の伽藍について知られる最古の例は、『呉志』に、後漢時代末に笮融（さくゆう）が徐州に建てたと記されている「浮屠祠」（ふとし）である。
- The oldest example of garan in the Buddhist temples of China is '浮屠祠 (futoshi),' which was described in the '呉志 (goshi)' as a garan built in Xuzhou by 笮融 (sakuyu) at the end of the Houhan period.
- 円山・四条派（まるやま・しじょうは）は、江戸後期から京都で有名になった円山応挙を祖とする円山派と、松村呉春を祖とする四条派を合わせた呼び名である。
- Maruyama-Shijo School is a name collectively referring to Maruyama School founded by Okyo MARUYAMA and Shijo School founded by Goshun MATSUMURA, which became famous in Kyoto from the late Edo Period.
- これについても、読み方は「仏もキリストも何もかも、ハッキリ助けてシチ難しい御苦労の無い世がくるからミタマを不断に磨いて一筋のマコトを通して呉れよ。
- It is read as 'Hotoke mo Kirisuto mo nanimokamo hakkiri tasukete shichi muzukashi gokuro no nai yo ga kurukara mitama wo fudan ni migaite hitosuji no makoto wo toshite kureyo.' (Everything including Buddha and Christ will help clearly to make the world without any difficult troubles, so please improve your spirit constantly and keep being honest)
- 西遊記の雑劇である『鬼子母掲鉢記』、雑劇『西天取経』（呉昌齢）第12齣の鬼母帰依では愛奴児が三蔵法師を捕まえており、そこに登場し釈迦如来に帰依する。
- In some zatsugeki (zaju, Chinese classical play) adapted from 'Saiyuki' (Xiyouji, Journey to the West) including 'Kishibo Keihatsu-ki' (Guizumu Qibo-ji, Kishimojin Holds a Bowl) and the scene of 'Kibo Kie' (Guimu Guiyi, Kishimojin Becomes a Believer) in the 12th act of 'Saiten Shukyo' (Xitian Qujing, Obtaining Sutras in the West) written by Wu Changling, after Ainuru captures Sanzo-hoshi (Sanzang fashi, Priest Xuan Zang), Kishimojin appears and obeys Buddha.
- 円山派の祖である円山応挙の写生的画風に、四条派の祖である松村呉春が影響を受けているため、後世になってまとめて「円山・四条派」と呼ばれるようになった。
- Since Goshun MATSUMURA, the founder of Shijo School, was influenced in his painting style by the sketch style of Okyo MARUYAMA, the founder of Maruyama School, the two schools were later combined in name to be collectively called as 'Maruyama-Shijo School'.
- 雑誌『新青年 (中国)』を主宰する陳独秀・呉虞・魯迅らは「孔家店打倒」をスローガンに家父長制的な宗法制度や男尊女卑の思想をもつ儒教を排斥しようとした。
- Chin Dokushu (Chen Duxiu), Go Gu, and Ro Jin (Lu Xun) who supervised the magazine 'La Jeunesse' (New Youth) (China), attempted to cast aside Ju-kyo, which supported a patriarchal head family dominant system and the thought of predominance of men over women, under the slogan 'overthrow the Confucians.'
- 筆の産地としては、広島県の熊野町（熊野筆）、呉市（川尻筆）、奈良県（奈良筆）、愛知県の豊橋市（豊橋筆）、宮城県の仙台市（仙台御筆）、東京都などが有名。
- The areas most famous for the production of Fude are Kumano-cho, Hiroshima Prefecture (Kumano fude), Kure City (Kawajiri fude), Nara Prefecture (Nara fude), Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture (Toyohashi fude), Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture (Sendai ofude) and Tokyo.
- これらを踏まえて内田篤呉氏は、棗も茶器の薬籠（ヤロウ）などと同様に、薬などを入れていた漆塗りの器の一種から転用されたものであろうという推測をしている。
- Based on these, Tokugo UCHIDA speculates that natsume may be derived from a kind of lacquered containers for medicine as well as a 'yaro' tea caddy.
- 一方、評論家・作家の金完燮や日本の保守層を代弁する人物として、拓殖大学の教授で済州島出身呉善花などは日本による統治を肯定的に評価する本を執筆している。
- On the other hand, Kim Wansop, a critic and writer, and O Seonhwa from Jeju, a professor at Takushoku University and a representative of the Japanese conservatives, wrote books in which the Japanese rule was positively evaluated.
- 呉服屋を初めとする一般的な利用者は小幅あるいは並幅と呼ばれている呉服尺1尺に相当する鯨尺9寸5分（約35.9cm）幅のものを1幅の布として用いている。
- General users, such as Gofuku-ya kimono shop, use kohaba (narrow width) or namihaba (standard cloth width), which are equivalent to one shaku of the gofukujaku system, 35.9 cm (9 sun 5 bu in Kujirajaku), as cloth of one haba.
- また消泡剤には乳化剤としての側面も持っていて、呉液を乳化させることにより大豆中の旨み成分（大豆油のアミノ酸等）を豆乳の中に引き出す重要な役割も担っている。
- The antifoaming agent also serves as an emulsifying agent and plays an important role of drawing forth the flavorful ingredients (amino acid in soybean oil, and other ingredients) contained in soybeans by emulsifying the fluid go.
- 仮名序によると、本来、「正しき風」（由緒正しい和歌の道）という意の「正風和歌集」に命名すべきところを、呉音で「傷風」に通じるのを忌み「風雅」に改めたという。
- According to the kanajo, it was originally planned to be called 'Shofu (正風) Wakashu' which means 'right wind' (historic pass for waka poetry), but it also could be called 'Shofu (傷風)' (literally injured wind) in the Wu reading, so they changed it into 'Fuga' to avoid the negative meaning.
- また、呉錦堂財閥や小曽根財閥のように中心的な生産事業を保有せず、統轄司令部としての持ち株会社が、様々な企業に投資することで財閥を形成する多角的投資財閥がある。
- However, there is also the diversified investment zaibatsu, such as Gokindo Zaibatsu and Ozone Zaibatsu, which doesn't have a core production business but is instead a holding company as the controlling headquarters, which invests in various enterprises to form a zaibatsu.
- 呉春（ごしゅん、 宝暦2年3月15日 (旧暦)（1752年4月28日） - 文化 (元号)8年7月17日 (旧暦)（1811年9月4日））は、江戸時代の絵師。
- Goshun (April 28, 1752 - September 4, 1811) was a painter in the Edo Period.
- 日本書紀によると、7世紀前半に在位していた推古天皇も宮の南に須弥山と呉橋のある庭を持っていたことや、7世紀後半に在位する斉明天皇についても同様であったとされる。
- According to Nihon-shoki, Empress Suiko regnant during her reign in the former half of the 7th century had a garden that had a Shumisen and Kure-hashi Bridge (a holy arch bridge which the gods crossed) and Empress Saimei regnant of the latter half of 7th century also had the same.
- 元は中央に楊柳観音像（国宝の「附」として指定）、左右に山水図を配した三幅対（さんぷくつい）とされていたもので、3幅とも唐の呉道子（ごどうし）の作といわれていた。
- The three pieces were originally thought to be a set consisting of the portrait of Yoryu Kannon (an addition to the National Treasure designation) at the center with the landscapes to the left and right and all three works were thought to have been created by WU Daozi.
- 次に呉王、金剛、迦楼羅（かるら）、呉女、崑崙（くろん）、力士、波羅門（ばらもん）、大孤（たいこ）、酔胡（すいこ）という登場人物によって劇的展開をもつ演技がはじまる。
- Then, a theatrical performance with a dramatic twist begins with the characters including the king of Wu, Kongo (Vajra), Karura (Garuda), Kuron (Konron), Rikishi (wrestler), Baramon (Brahman), Taiko (an old Buddhist) and Suiko (Drunken Persian King).
- 江戸中期頃、松村呉春を祖とし、岡本豊彦や松村景文らが発展させ、京都画壇で一大勢力となり、その後塩川文麟、幸野楳嶺、竹内栖鳳、西山翠嶂、堂本印象などと現代まで続いている。
- Around the Mid-Edo period, Goshun MATSUMURA founded it and Toyohiko OKAMOTO, Keibun MATSUMURA and others developed it to a force of the Kyoto painting circles, then Bunrin SHIOKAWA, Bairei KONO, Seiho TAKEUCHI, Suisho NISHIYAMA, Insho DOMOTO and others took over and it continues to this day.
- 元治元年1月、徳川家茂警護のため大阪滞在中、高麗橋そばの呉服商「岩城升屋」（岩木とも）に不逞浪士数名が押し入った際、土方歳三・山南両名が駆けつけて激しい戦闘の末に撃退した。
- In February 1864, while he was staying in Osaka to guard Iemochi TOKUGAWA, a few repined masterless samurai intruded into a kimono fabrics dealer called 'Iwaki Shoya,' and both Toshizo HIJIKATA and Sannan rushed to the scene and repelled them after a fierce battle.
- この他、呉国（宋 (南朝)）から手工業者・漢織（あやはとり）・呉織（くれはとり）らを招き、また、分散していた秦民（秦氏の民）の統率を強化して、養蚕業を奨励したことも知られる。
- Emperor Yuryaku is also known for having promoted the sericultural industry by inviting handicraftsmen such as Ayahatori and Kurehartori from Wu (Sung (Southern Dynasty)) and by gathering and controlling scattered people of the Hata clan.
- 8月13日東京市、福島市、豊橋市、岐阜市、大津市、富山市、高岡市、金沢市、福井市、和歌山市、堺市、尼崎市、姫路市、岡山市、尾道市、呉市、広島市、鳥取市、高松市、丸亀市、高知市
- On August 13, Tokyo City, Fukushima City, Toyohashi City, Gifu City, Otsu City, Toyama City, Takaoka City, Kanazawa City, Fukui City, Wakayama City, Sakai City, Amagasaki City, Himeji City, Okayama City, Onomichi City, Kure City, Hiroshima City, Tottori City, Takamatsu City, Marugame City and Kochi City
- 呉越王銭俶から紫衣が贈られて司天台（天文台）で学ぶ特別な許可を与えられ、957年（天徳 (日本)元年）日本に伝わっていない新暦法の符天暦と内典・外典約1000巻を携えて帰国した。
- He was presented with a purple canonical robe by the King of Wu-yueh (銭俶), specially permitted to learn at Shitendai (an astronomical observatory) and returned to Japan in 957 with approximately 1,000 Buddhist and secular books and a Futenreki (the Futian calendar table) of Shin rekiho (a new method of making calendars) which had not been introduced to Japan.
- 一方、雑誌『学衡』を主宰する柳詒徴・呉ヒツ・梅光迪・胡先驌ら学衡派は、儒学を中心とする中国伝統文化を近代的に転換させることによって中西を融通する新文化を構築することを主張している。
- Meanwhile, the Gakuko school including Liu Yizheng, Go Hitsu, Mei Guangdi, and Hu Xiansu who supervised the magazine 'Gakuko' advocated establishing a new culture that bridged China and the West by transforming Ju-kyo and other traditional Chinese culture in a modern way.
- なお、本来の意味で用いる漢文の読み下し及び日本の古代の用例には漢音と呉音の混交した 'ひゃくせい'、日本の中世以降の用例には呉音の 'ひゃくしょう' の読みを当てるのが慣例である。
- Note that it is common to pronounce the term as 'hyakusei,' which is a mixture of the Han reading of Chinese characters and the Wu reading, in the case of a Japanese reading of a Chinese passage or a use in ancient Japanese that is used in the original meaning, or 'hyakusho,' which is the Wu reading, in a case of a use in Japanese in or after the medieval period.
- 古くから女帝（呉音じょてい、漢音にょたい）と呼ばれることが多かったが、皇位継承問題の議論が盛んとなった2004年以降、日本の公文書や報道等では女性天皇の表現が用いられるようになった。
- They were often called female Emperor (they were also called Jotei in Goon and Nyotai in Karagoe), after there was active argument of the issue of Imperial succession since 2004, they were commonly called female Emperor in an official document or in the publication.
- ただし本来は呉服尺（明治時代初期に廃止されて鯨尺に統合）1尺を1幅として数えられ続けられていたものであり、100年以上経過した現代社会においても上記原則通りに行われるケースは稀である。
- However, originally, one shaku in the gofukujaku system (abolished in the early Meiji period and integrated into the Kujirajaku) had been counted as one haba, but the above-mentioned rule is rarely applied as is nowadays, more than 100 years after the reform.
- 『高砂 (能)』『老松』『大社』『岩船』『右近』『絵馬』『賀茂（加茂）』『呉羽』『志賀』『西王母 (能)』『玉井』『竹生島』『鶴亀』『難波』『白楽天』『氷室』『放生川』『和布刈』『養老』
- 'Takasago (Noh)', 'Oimatsu' (The Old Pine Tree), 'Oyashiro' (Grand Shrine), 'Iwafune' (A Rock Boat), 'Ukon,' 'Ema' (The Votive Tablet), 'Kamo,' 'Kureha,' 'Shiga,' 'Saiobo (Noh)' (The Queen Mother of the West), 'Tamanoi' (Jewel Well), 'Chikubushima' (Chikubu-shima Island), 'Tsurukame' (Crane and Tortoise), 'Naniwa,' 'Hakurakuten' (Bai Letian), 'Himuro' (The Ice House), 'Hojogawa' (Hojo-gawa River), 'Mekari' (Harvesting Seagrass), 'Yoro' (Nurturing the Aged)
- 真備は、袁晋卿（後の浄村宿禰）という音韻学に長けた少年を連れて帰朝したが、藤原長親によれば、この浄村宿禰という人物は、呉音だった漢字の読み方を漢音に改めようと努め、片仮名を作ったとされる。
- Makibi came back with a young man called EN Shinkei (later called, KIYOMURA no Sukune) who mastered phonology, and according to FUJIWARA no Nagazane, KIYOMURA no Sukene tried to change the reading of kanji (Chinese characters) from the Wu reading to the Han reading, which is said to have contributed to the creation of katakana (one of the Japanese syllables).
- また古くから交易のあった中国の単位と、日本国内のものとは密接な関係があったわけであるが、呉承洛の『中国度量衡史』による隋代の1銭は4.1762グラム、唐代の1銭は3.7301グラムである。
- And in China, whose weight units influenced Japanese counterparts through commerce from ancient times, 1 sen was set at 4.1762 grams in Sui dynasty, and at 3.7301 grams in the Tang dynasty, says 'History of Chinese Weights and Measures' written by Wu Chengluo.
- 司馬懿の提言で、長期にわたる抗争を繰り広げていた呉 (三国)・蜀それぞれの国境付近（淮河流域、関中）でも軍屯が展開され、これにより安定した食糧供給を維持した魏は、両国との争いを有利に進めた。
- With the suggestion of Sima Yi, Gunton were developed near the borders with the Go (Three States Period) (area along the Huai River) and Shu (Guanzhong), countries that they had long been in battle with, and Wei was able to have a stable supply of provisions, which was advantageous in fighting these two countries.
- 斉頼は優れた鷹飼いであったことが知られ、朝鮮から渡来した鷹匠・兼光（名には異説あり）より継承したとされるその秘技は「呉竹流」あるいは「政頼流」などと呼ばれ、後の諏訪流とその諸派に継承された。
- Known to be an excellent hawker, Masayori inherited the secret technique of hawking from Kanemitsu, a master hawker who came to Japan from Korea (whose name varies depending on the records), which was called Kochiku School or Seirai School and was later handed down by the Suwa School and its branch schools.
- はっきり定着しているといえる地域としては、東は呉市・東広島市周辺まで、北は広島市安佐北区・北広島町周辺まで、西は廿日市市・大竹市まで、南は広島湾に浮かぶ江田島市や安芸灘の島々までが挙げられる。
- The areas which bon toro can surely be said to have taken root are, in the east, Kure City and around Higashi Hiroshima City; in the north, Asakita Ward of Hiroshima City and around Kitahiroshima-cho; in the west, Hatsukaichi City and Otake City, and in the south, Etajima City on Etajima Island in Hiroshima Bay and islands in the Sea of Aki.
- さらに、北畠親房の『神皇正統記』の影響を受けており、林羅山父子が執筆していた歴史書『本朝通鑑』の草稿に、大和民族（日本人）を「呉_(春秋)の太伯の末裔である」という記述を発見して憤慨したという。
- As Mitsukuni was influenced by 'Jinnoshotoki' by KITABATAKE Chikafusa, he was furious that he found the description that the Yamato race (Japanese) 'are the descendants of Taihaku in Go (China)' in a draft of 'Honchotsukan' HAYASHI Razan and his son were writing.
- こうした事態に対応するため、江戸の問屋商人らの要望も受けた江戸幕府は、1860年に、生糸、雑穀、水油、蝋、呉服の五品目について、必ず江戸の問屋を経由する法令 - 五品江戸廻送令 - を発出した。
- To deal with such situation, and in response to the wishes of wholesalers in Edo the Edo bakufu issued the Law for Transporting Five Articles through Edo, which was a law providing that merchants never failed to get through the warehouse merchants in Edo regarding five articles such as raw silk thread, cereals, hair oil, wax and draperies in 1860.
- 江戸時代になると有馬豊氏によって城下町としての町割りが整備されたが、現在でも呉服町、鋳物師町、鍛冶町、紺屋町などはそのままの地名として残されており、旧市街地は江戸時代の町割りが殆どそのまま残っている。
- During the Edo period, the town layout as a castle town was improved by Toyouji ARIMA; place names such as Gofuku-machi, Imoji-machi, Kaji-machi, Koya-machi, etc. remain to this day, and towns divided during urban development which took place during the Edo period remain in the old urban area almost as they were.
- 『類聚三代格』の規定は、弘仁11年（820年）に編纂された『きゃく【格】(呉音) 古代、律令を部分的に改めるために臨時に発せられた詔勅・官符の類。また、それらを編纂した書。』に依拠しているとされている。
- Rules and regulations contained in the 'Ruijusandaikyaku'were supposedly based on 'Kyaku' (the Wu reading) compiled in the year of 820 under the reign of Emperor Konin, which were a collection or compilation of imperial orders and decrees of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) proclaimed provisionally from time to time in order to partially amend Ritsuryo Codes of ancient times.
- そのため、暴れる新成人に困ってはいるが、子どもの成人の記念に着物を着せたいという親からの要望や呉服業界からの要請もあって成人式を続けている自治体（例えば2000年の静岡市、2000年以降の那覇市）も多い。
- Therefore, although violent new adults are a headache, many autonomy bodies (such as Shizuoka City in 2000, and Naha City in and after 2000) continue holding the Seijin-shiki ceremony in response to parents' desire to dress their own children up with kimono in commemoration of entering adulthood, and at the request of mercery.
- 劇団「芸術座 (劇団)」結成・歌謡「カチューシャの唄」大流行、中里介山「大菩薩峠」連載開始、映画「里見八犬伝」「忠臣蔵」など公開、「宝塚観光花火大会」開催、三越呉服店「国産化粧品展示販売会」、「小学校令」交付
- Formation of a drama group 'Geijutsuza,' great hit of a song 'Kachusha no uta' (Katyusha song), start of a serial novel 'Great Bodhisattva Pass' of Kaizan NAKAZATO, release of films including 'Nanso Satomi Hakkenden' (The Chronicles of the Eight Dog Heroes of the Satomi Clan of Nanso) and 'Chushingura' (The treasury of Loyal Retainers), start of Takarazuka Gala Fireworks Festival, the on-site sale exhibition of Japan-made cosmetics in Mitsukoshi kimono fabrics shop, and promulgation of Elementary School Act
- これは直前に行われた呉 - 高川格の本因坊三番碁の第2局で、終局時にコウの手入れを巡るルール解釈の問題が生じたことから、当時不合理な点の残る当時の囲碁規約見直しについての問題提起の一つであった、との見方もある。
- Some people take the view of this as an action to raise a question about the revision of the then Japan Igo rules with several unreasonable points since there was a trouble in the interpretation of the rules concerning the ko at the end of the game of the preceding the second game out of Honinbo three match series between Go and Kaku TAKAGAWA.
- 中国三国時代 (中国)の呉 (三国)の太子孫和の例など、宮廷闘争や政争の結果として発生することが多いが、対象者が実際に皇位・王位継承者として不適格であるがゆえに緊急避難的措置として行われる場合もしばしば存在する。
- Although many of the disinheritance cases resulted from imperial-court or political strives, as in the example of Sun He, who was a prince of Wu who lived in the Three Kingdoms period (China), heirs were often disinherited because they were deemed incompetent as a crown prince on an emergent basis.
- また三角縁神獣鏡を、呉 (三国)の鏡または呉 (三国)の工人の作であり、呉 (三国)の地が西晋に征服された280年以降のものとする説もあるが、様式論からはかならずしも呉 (三国)の作であるといいきれるものでない。
- Also, although there is a theory that triangular-rimmed mirrors were made during the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdoms) or were made by Wu craftsmen after the Wu dynasty was conquered by the Western Jin in 280, theories of style would suggest that these works may not have any connection with the Wu dynasty (Three Kingdoms) at all.
- 例えば、江西省撫州の人呉与弼（康斎）や 陳献章（白沙）は朱子学派に属すものの、その聖人となるための修養法は読書よりも実践・静坐を重視するなど、後世から見ると若干朱子学とは異なる側面も見られないではなかったのである。
- For example, although Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang (Baisha) in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province belonged to the Shushigaku school, they emphasized practice and meditation instead of reading as a way to become a sage, which from a later viewpoint seems to be slightly different from conventional Shushigaku.
- その後、寛文8年（1668年）から天和 (日本)3年（1683年）までの期間に呉服屋の後藤縫之助らが鋳銭を請負い、江戸亀戸に大規模な銭座が設けられ、このとき鋳造された寛永通寳は文銭と呼ばれ、均質で良質なものであった。
- Later, during the period from 1668 to 1683, Nuinosuke GOTO, Gofuku-ya kimono shop, undertook mintage, establishing large zeniza in Kameido, Edo, and Kanei Tsuho which was minted in this period, called Bunsen, had homogeneous and excellent qualities.
- 農村向けのものとしては農事暦の要素を織り込んだ『田舎往来』・『農業往来』・『百姓往来』などが、都市の商人向けのものとしては『商売往来』・『問屋往来』・『呉服往来』・『万祥廻船往来』などが代表的な往来物としてあげられる。
- For farming villages, elements of the farming calendar were included in 'Inaka Orai' (A Letter on Farming Village) (also called 'Densha Orai'), 'Nogyo Orai' and 'Hyakusho Orai' (A Guide to Farming), etc. while 'A Guide to Commerce,' 'Toiya Orai' (also called 'Tonya Orai'), 'Gofuku Orai' and 'Banshokaisen Orai' and so on were the typical oraimono for merchants living in cities.
- しかしながら資料が曖昧であり、最古のレシピが本当に舞鶴で作られたものなのか他の鎮守府から伝わったレシピを書き写したものではないのかという論争が決着していないため、両市とも大岡裁き的に「舞鶴・呉の双方が発祥地」としている。
- However, as the data is unclear and the dispute is not yet settled if the oldest recipe was really written in Maizuru or copied from a recipe having been passed from another chinjufu, both cities have made a decision worthy of Solomon, saying 'both Maizuru and Kure are the birthplace.'
- 水戸藩徳川光圀は、この書中に「(日本人が)呉の太伯の末裔である」という記述を発見して憤慨して独自に修史事業を起こし、編年体の本朝通鑑に対し、積極的な人物評価を行う紀伝体の『大日本史』編纂のきっかけになったといわれている。
- It is said that Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA of the Mito clan was very angry when he found a sentence that '(Japanese are) descendants of Count Tai of Wu,' thus motivated to start his own historiography project, resulting in a biographical history book 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan) that actively commented on people in the history, on the contrary to 'Honchotsugan' in chronological order.
- 伎楽の役柄に応じて、治道、獅子、獅子児、呉王（または呉公）、金剛、迦楼羅（かるら）、呉女、崑崙（くろん／こんろん）、力士、波羅門（ばらもん）、大孤父（たいこふ）、大孤児、酔胡王（すいこおう）、酔胡従の１４種類が確認されている。
- There were 14 roles in gigaku: Chido (the role of usher), Shishi (Lion), Shishiko (two boys who lead the Shishi), Goo (or Goko) (Man of the country of Wu), Kongo (Thunderbolt-Bearer), Karura (Garuda), Gojo (maid of the country of Wu), Kuron/Konron (lecherous man), Rikishi (the Buddhist guardian king Rikishi), Baramon (Brahmin [the highest caste in India, known for its scholars and priests]), Taikofu (old Persian man), Taikoji (young Persian boy), Suiko-o (Drunken Persian King), and Suikoju (the followers of suiko-o).
- 魏 (三国)の年号である「青龍3年」、呉 (三国)の年号である「赤烏元年」「赤烏7年」などの紀年鏡も見つかっており、単に邪馬台国にちなんだ偽作というのでは説明がつかないなどの疑問があり、学界では受け入れるところとなっていない。
- Because some date-inscribed mirrors such as '青龍3年' (235), which carries the name of the Wei dynasty era (Three Kingdoms Period) and '赤烏元年' (238) and '赤烏7年' (244), carrying the name of the Wu dynasty era (Three Kingdoms Period), have been found, the proposition that they were merely forged in relation to Yamatai is questionable, and hasn't been accepted in academia.
- 京都呉服商人の手島堵庵(1718--86)、をはじめ「松翁道話」を著した布施松翁(1725--84)、心学道話の最高峰とされる「鳩翁道話」の柴田鳩翁(1783--1839)、このほかに・斎藤全門・大島有隣等優れた人材を輩出した。
- It produced many talented persons, including Toan TEJIMA (1718-86), a kimono fabrics dealer of Kyoto, Shoo FUSE (1725-84), author of 'Shoo Dowa,' Kyuo SHIBATA (1783--1839), author of one of the best Shin school (Mind school) dowa (talks on the way) 'Kyuo Dowa,' Zenmon Saito and Urin Oshima.
- 「この人はこう云うことで私に親切にしてくれた、ああ云うことで優しくしてくれた、そして、その優しい一言を忘れないために、私はこの人に親切にして上げるんだ」と云って呉れるような、一人の男も、一人の女も、一人の子供も持たないで、彼は暗い空虚な家の中に寝ていた。
- He lay, in the dark empty house, with not a man, a woman, or a child, to say that he was kind to me in this or that, and for the memory of one kind word I will be kind to him.
- これまで11歳の時に江戸上野の「松坂屋いとう呉服店」（現在の松坂屋上野店）へ奉公に出、すぐに番頭と喧嘩をし、日野に戻ってきてしまった、と伝えられていたが、先ごろ発表された石田村の人別帳控により、数えの11歳時は石田村に在住しており、奉公には出ていないことが判明。
- Until now, it has been said that he went to work at 'Matsuzakaya Ito Gofuku store' (present-day Matsuzakaya Ueno store) in Ueno, Edo at the age of 11, but soon quarreled with the head clerk and returned to Hino; according to a newly published copy of Ninbetsu-cho of Ishida village it became clear that he was living in Ishida village when he was 11 years old, and therefore had not yet gone to work at the store.
- 御庭番に関する記述では、「御庭番は台命を受けるや直ちに幕府御用達呉服店に赴き秘密の部屋で変装し家族にも告げずに直ちに出発する」などとしたものをよく見かけるが、御庭番自身の談話や彼らの書き残した記録や幕府に残る公的記録から、これは伝説に過ぎないことがわかっている。
- The statements about oniwaban often say, 'As soon as the oniwaban received a mission, they went to a clothes shop owned by the bakufu, masqueraded as someone else in a secret room of the shop, and left Edo immediately with no notice to their family,' however, the oniwaban's writings and the bakufu's official records show that it was just a story.
- 呉王、金剛による登場の舞に続いて、霊鳥である迦楼羅が蛇を食べるテンポの速い舞、崑崙が呉女に卑猥な動作で言い寄り力士にこらしめられる演技、波羅門が褌をぬいで洗う所作、大孤という老人が仏に礼拝する演技、酔胡（酒に酔った胡の王）とその従者（酔胡従）による滑稽な演技がおこなわれた。
- Following the dances of King of Wu and Kongo, various dance performances are played by different characters; a speedy dance of Karura represented as a spiritual bird gobbling up a snake; the performance of Kuron making a play for a woman of Wu in obscene actions, to be punished by Rikishi; the act of Baramon taking off his loincloth to wash it himself; a performance of an old man named Taiko to pray for Buddha; a comical play between Drunk Persian King and his attendant.
- 一部の百貨店や呉服店で販売されているに過ぎないが、近年ではインターネットの出現でインターネット通販を用いた褌製造販売専門業者などが生まれ、容易に購入できるようになり、ブリーフやトランクスしか知らない世代が「褌」を新鮮な下着として認識し始めたことで、新たな購買層となっているようだ。
- While Ecchu fundoshi are only sold at some of the department stores or the kimono shops, in recent years the advent of the Internet has brought about appearance of the companies that are devoted to manufacturing and selling fundoshi using Internet mail order and made it easy to buy them, and so the generation who had known only briefs and trunks seem to be turning into a new buyer group as a result of beginning to regard 'fundoshi' as a new undergarment.
- 明治9年 (1876)、大阪に来演した澤村田之助 (3代目)と喧嘩したときは、気位の高い田之助が成り上がりと宗十郎を侮蔑したので、双方負けん気が強いこともあってこじれにこじれ、宗十郎は突然役者を廃業して、大阪太左衛門橋に呉服屋を開店、本名の藤井重兵衛で呉服商に転職して周囲を驚かせた。
- In 1876, when he had a fight with Tanosuke SAWAMURA Ⅲ, haughty Tanosuke despised Sojuro as an upstart and the fight got worse and worse because both had a strong fighting instinct, Sojuro suddenly gave up acting and opened a drapery shop in Tazaemon-bashi, Osaka with his real name Shigebe FUJIImade and everybody around him surprised this career change.
- 当時、代金は後日の掛け（ツケ）払い、売買単位は1反単位が当たり前であった呉服業界においては斬新であり、顧客に現金支払いを要求する一方で良質な商品を必要な分だけ安価で販売した（ツケの踏み倒しの危険性がないためにそのリスク分を価格に上乗せする必要性がなかった）ために、顧客にとっても便利な仕組みであったのである。
- These methods were novel to the kimono fabric business, for in those days, it was customary that payment was done on credit until a later day, and the unit of trade was in 1 tan (length app 10.6 m and width apploximately 34 cm); and this new system was useful for the customers, too, for while demanded to pay in cash, merchandise in good quality might be bought in the amount necessary for a good price (since there was no danger of welshing the credit, there was no need to tack on for that risk).
- また「もし賢人しき人あらば貢上れ」と仰せになったので、「命を受けて貢上れる人、名は王仁（わにきし）。すなわち論語十巻、千字文一巻、併せて十一巻をこの人に付けてすなわち貢進りき。この和爾吉師は文首等の祖。また手人韓鍛（てひとからかぬち）名は卓素（たくそ）また呉服（くれはとり）の西素（さいそ）二人を貢上りき」。
- Further, because the Emperor asked 'if there were a wise man, bring him as a tribute, 'in response to his order, sent as a tribute was Wanikishi. Accompanying this man, there were presented 10 volumes of Rongo Analects and 1 volume of Senjimon, total 11 volumes. This Wanikishi was the ancestor of Humi no obito, etc. Also sent as tributes were two people, a blacksmith named Takuso and a weaver, Saiso.'
- 内城の堀の外は東の大手門下から和田倉門外に譜代大名の屋敷、南の桜田門の外に外様大名の屋敷と定められ、西の半蔵門外から一ツ橋門、神田橋門外に至る台地に旗本・御家人が住まわされ、さらに武家屋敷地や大名屋敷地の東、常盤橋・呉服橋・鍛冶橋・数寄屋橋から隅田川、江戸湾に至るまでの日比谷埋立地方面に町人地が広げられた。
- Residences of fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa clan) were built on the western outskirts of the interior castle moat between the Oote-mon and Wadakura-mon gates, an area south of the Sakurada-mon gate was designated the residence of the tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lord), and Hatamoto and Gokenin (shogunal retainers) were housed on a hillside stretching between the outskirts of the western Hanzo-mon gate to Hitotsubashi-mon and Kandabashi-mon gates; choninchi (residential and commercial areas for townspeople) the reclaimed lands in Hibiya stretched between Tokiwa-bashi Bridge, Gofuku-bashi Bridge, Kaji-bashi Bridge, Sukiya-bashi Bridge, Sumida-gawa River and the Edo Bay.
- 呉善花は、著書『韓国併合への道』で「少なくとも民族の尊厳の確保に賭けて大アジア主義を掲げ、国内で最大限の努力を傾けた李容九らを売国奴と決めつけ、国内で表立った活動をすることもなく外国で抗日活動を展開した安昌浩や李承晩らを愛国者・抗日の闘士と高く評価するバランス・シートは、私にはまったく不当なものである」と評価している。
- O Seonhwa placed a mention in her book 'Road to the Japan's annexation of Korea', saying, 'it is completely unreasonable for me that, in a balance-sheet, the persons like 李容九 (이용구) who strived in the country to get back our nation's dignity aimed at Asianism are regarded as betrayers, while the persons like Ahn Chang-ho and Syngman Rhee (I Seung-man) who rolled out their anti-Japanese activities out of Korea without taking any particular actions in the country are praised as a patriot or anti-Japanese warrior'.
- それでも唐の文化の影響が強まった平安時代初期の延暦11年11月20日 (旧暦)（793年1月7日）、桓武天皇が漢音奨励の勅を出して学生には漢音の学習が義務づけられ（『日本紀略』）、続いて延暦17年2月14日 (旧暦)（798年3月6日）には学生に従来から日本に存在する南朝 (中国)系の呉音を禁じて漢音での発音が義務付けられた（『弘仁格抄』）。
- However, the increasing influence from the Chinese Tang culture of the early Heian period, Emperor Kammu issued a decree to encourage the Han pronunciations of the Chinese characters on January 11, 793, which in effect forced the students learn it ('Nihongiryaku' (Abstract of Japanese History)), and on March 10, 798, students were prohibited from learning Goon, the existing pronunciations from the Southern Dynasty in China were prohibited and were instructed to learn the Han pronunciations of the Chinese characters ('Koninkyakusho' (Regulations in Konin period)).
- まず元禄14年8月19日 (旧暦)（1701年9月21日）に吉良家の屋敷が江戸城のお膝元呉服橋から当時江戸の外れといわれていた本所（現東京都墨田区両国 (墨田区)）の松平信望の上ゲ屋敷に屋敷代えとなり、さらにその直後の8月21日 (旧暦)（8月23日）には、庄田下総守（浅野を庭先で切腹させた大目付）、大友義孝（吉良義央と親しくしていた高家仲間）、東条冬重（吉良義央の実弟）の三名を同時に呼び出して「勤めがよくない」などと咎めて役職を取り上げた。
- Kira was forced to change his residence located in Gofuku-bashi near Edo-jo Castle to the residence of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA located in Honjo, the edge of Edo (current location of Ryogoku, Sumida Ward, Tokyo) on September 21, 1701, and on August 23, the bakufu then called the governor of Shimousa, Shoda (ometsuke who was in charge of Asano's seppuku in the yard), Yoshitaka OTOMO (a Koke member who was close with Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (who was a biological brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and took their positions away by saying 'your services were not good enough.'
