否: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 否
- no
- nay
- well
- er
- why
- the noes
- negate
- refuse
- decline
- deny
- fail
- 否む
- to refuse
- to decline
- to deny
- to detest
- to dislike
- 否運
- bad fortune
- misfortune
- 否や
- as soon as
- no sooner than
- one way or another
- objection
- 否々
- no, not at all
- reluctantly
- by no means
- unwillingly
- 否応
- answer respectively agreement or disagreement
- 否決
- rejection
- negation
- voting down
- 否定
- negation
- denial
- repudiation
- NOT operation
- deny
- to negate
- contradiction
- nay
- a negative
- 認否
- approval or disapproval
- admissions and denials (civ. proc.)
- 許否
- approval and disapproval
- 拒否
- denial
- veto
- rejection
- refusal
- refuse
- deny
- to refuse
- disavowal
- Declined
- Reject option
- defy
- 安否
- safety
- welfare
- well-being
- 可否
- propriety
- right and wrong
- advisability
- possibility
- pro and con
- ayes and noes
- 合否
- success or failure
- result
- 賛否
- yes and no
- for and against
- pro or con
- pros and cons
- yea
- 当否
- propriety
- right or wrong
- justice
- 存否
- existent or non-existent
- life or death
- 諾否
- consent or refusal
- yes or no
- decision to accept or decline
- up or down (vote)
- assent or dissent
- accept or reject
- 適否
- propriety
- fitness
- aptitude
- suitability
- 成否
- success or failure
- outcome
- result
- success and failure
- feasibility
- 要否
- necessary or not
- optional (items)
- 否否
- no, not at all
- reluctantly
- by no means
- unwillingly
- 否認
- denial
- negation
- repudiation
- disapproval
- denial (of all or part of) the plaintiff's allegations
- disavowal
- disclaimer
- 否でも
- whether one likes it or not
- willy-nilly
- 否定積
- non-conjunction
- NAND operation
- NOT-BOTH operation
- 否定的
- negative
- contradictory
- 拒否る
- to refuse
- to reject
- to deny
- 語否定
- constituent negation
- word negation
- 準否定
- quasi-negation (e.g. use of words like 'hardly', 'seldom', 'barely')
- weak negation
- 文否定
- sentential negation
- sentence negation
- statement negation
- 黙否権
- right to keep silent
- right to silence
- right to remain silent
- 否定和
- non-disjunction
- NOR operation
- NEITHER-NOR operation
- 参加拒否
- refusal to participate
- 否めない
- cannot deny
- undeniable
- incontrovertible
- 否め無い
- cannot deny
- undeniable
- incontrovertible
- 否応なく
- whether one wants to or not
- without choice
- 二重否定
- double negative
- double bang
- 否定神学
- negative theology
- Apophatic theology
- 否定素子
- NOT gate
- NOT element
- 否応無く
- whether one wants to or not
- without choice
- 否定回路
- NOT circuit
- inhibit circuit
- 否定応答
- negative acknowledge
- NAK
- negative acknowledgement
- negative acknowledgment
- negative response
- 現状否定
- refusal to accept the present situation
- denial of the existing situation
- negation of the status quo
- 安否確認
- confirmation of someone's safety
- ascertainment of someone's safety
- 安否不明
- fate (safety) of a person (persons) being unknown
- 運否天賦
- trusting to chance
- having a go at something
- 全面否定
- total denial
- complete denial
- denying totally (flatly, outright)
- an unqualified denial
- 着信拒否
- blocking communications (from a phone number or an e-mail address)
- 登校拒否
- truancy
- school phobia
- 乗車拒否
- refusing to allow a passenger on board a train or into a bus or taxi
- 否定命題
- negative proposition
- 否認不可
- nonrepudiation
- Non-repudiation
- 否定する
- negate to
- contradict
- deny
- nix
- shake one's head
- 否認する
- contradict
- deny
- disallow
- disapprove
- disavow
- disclaim
- repudiate
- 否定疑問
- negative question
- interrogative-negative
- 活躍否定説
- Negative theory on his achievement
- 否認の登記
- Registration of Avoidance
- 登録の拒否
- Refusal of Registration
- Rejection of Registration
- 嫡出の否認
- Rebutting Presumption of Legitimacy
- 否という程
- enough
- too much
- bitterly
- extremely
- keenly
- 否が応でも
- willy-nilly
- whether willing or not
- 否定疑問文
- negative question
- question asked in the negative (e.g. 'Can't you read Japanese?')
- 否応なしに
- whether one likes it or not
- compulsorily
- by force
- willy-nilly
- 否応無しに
- whether one likes it or not
- compulsorily
- by force
- 動詞句否定
- verb-phrase negation
- 否定論理積
- non-conjunction
- NAND operation
- NOT-BOTH operation
- Sheffer stroke
- 構成素否定
- constituent negation
- word negation
- 可否を採る
- to take the ayes and noes
- 着くや否や
- ... had hardly arrived before ...
- 出社拒否症
- physical reaction caused by a phobia about going to work
- を否決する
- kill (to defeat or veto a legislative bill)
- 是が否でも
- by fair means or foul
- を否定する
- deny
- gainsay
- renounce
- 否定論理和
- non-disjunction
- NOR operation
- NEITHER-NOR operation
- Logical NOR
- 否定の表現
- negative expression
- 否定派の意見
- Opinion from opponents
- 六曜の否定論
- The negative theory of rokuyo.
- 否というほど
- enough
- too much
- bitterly
- extremely
- keenly
- 否でも応でも
- willy-nilly
- whether willing or not
- no choice but
- 否定単純条件
- negated simple condition
- 否定応答文字
- negative acknowledge character
- 論理否定回路
- logical NOT circuit
- 否定対極表現
- negative polarity ex-pression
- 否定福祉前置
- negative adverb preposing
- 「無縁」の否定
- A denial of 'Muen' (to break off the relationship with the outside world)
- 当該否認の登記
- The registration of avoidance in question
- 執行行為の否認
- Avoidance of Acts of Execution
- 嫡出否認の訴え
- Action to Rebut Presumption of Legitimacy
- 発信の否認不能
- non-repudiation of submission
- 配信の否認不能
- non-repudiation of delivery
- 否定組合せ条件
- negated combined condition
- 否定論理積演算
- Negative AND operation
- 良心的参戦拒否
- conscientious objection
- 否定論理積素子
- NAND gate
- NAND element
- 良心的兵役拒否
- conscientious objection
- Conscientious objector
- 否定論理和素子
- NOR gate
- NOR element
- 否定論理和演算
- Negative OR operation
- 否定形の作り方
- formation of negative
- 拒否は戦争となる
- If Japan refuses, there will be a war.
- 否認権行使の効果
- Effect of the Exercise of Right of Avoidance
- 無回答を拒否する
- refuse to take no answer
- 詐害信託の否認等
- Avoidance of Fraudulent Trusts, etc.
- 否認権行使の期間
- Period for Exercise of Right of Avoidance
- 発生源の否認不能
- non-repudiation of origin
- サービス拒否攻撃
- denial of service attack
- denial-of-service attack
- 法人格否認の法理
- doctrine of disregarding the corporate entity
- Piercing the corporate veil
- 良心的参戦拒否者
- conscientious objector
- 良心的兵役拒否者
- conscientious objector
- 外務員の登録の拒否
- Refusal of registration of a Sales Representative
- 証書真否確認の訴え
- Action for Declaratory Judgment to Determine Validity of Certificate
- 分散型サービス拒否
- distributed denial of service
- DNR(延命拒否)
- Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
- ~の成否を左右する
- make or break ~
- 回答拒否(の問題)
- respondent refusal problem
- 認否書の作成及び提出
- Preparation and Submission of Statement of Approval or Disapproval
- Preparation and Submission of a Statement of Approval or Disapproval
- 転得者に対する否認権
- Right of Avoidance against Subsequent Acquirers
- 幕府は再びこれを拒否。
- The Bakufu refused the request again.
- 否認に関する権限の付与
- Empowerment for Avoidance
- 株主の帳簿閲覧権の否認
- Denial of a Shareholder's Right to Inspect the Books
- 否認権のための保全処分
- Temporary Restraining Order for Right of Avoidance
- ~の健康・安否を尋ねる
- inquire after ~
- - 人格否定発言を受けて
- The Emperor made this remark following the Crown Prince's above-mentioned remark.
- しかし、お菊は拒否した。
- However, Okiku refused him.
- 家族の入籍を拒否する権利
- Right to refuse someone's registration on household register
- 権利変動の対抗要件の否認
- Avoidance of Requirements of Perfection of Changes in Rights
- 嫡出否認の訴えの出訴期間
- Limitation upon Action of Rebutting Presumption
- しかし、徳宗はこれを拒否。
- However, Dezong denied the request.
- 否認の訴え等の中断及び受継
- Discontinuation and Taking Over of Action of Avoidance, etc.
- あまり + 動詞(否定形)
- not very
- not much
- 否定することのできない事実
- fact of life
- 後に京都府議会はこれを否決。
- Later, Kyoto Prefecture assembly veto the movement.
- 現在ではほぼ否定されている。
- However, this theory is almost denied at present.
- 再生債権者を害する行為の否認
- Avoidance of Acts Prejudicial to Rehabilitation Creditors
- 劣悪地区への貸付を拒否すること
- redlining
- 良心的参戦拒否者対策中央委員会
- Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors
- 「株式会社であると否とを問わず
- holding company
- 地子銭の納入を拒否するなどした。
- They did so through acts such as refusing the delivery of Jishisen (the land taxes paid by tenant farmers.)
- 親族入籍の拒否(旧民法737条)
- Right to refuse registration on household register of relatives (the Old Civil Codes, Article 737)
- 引取入籍の拒否(旧民法738条)
- Right to refuse to take in someone in one's koseki (the Old Civil Codes, Article 738)
- 支払の停止を要件とする否認の制限
- Restriction on Avoidance by Reason of Suspension of Payments
- タイヤの付け方の良否確認のしくみ
- tire trueing equipment
- 五段動詞の否定は、あ段で活用する。
- Negative forms of godan doshi conjugate at 'a' dan (a-grade).
- だが、その説はほぼ否定されている。
- That theory is generally discredited, however.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇は要請を拒否する。
- Emperor Godaigo, however, refused such requests.
- だが、天皇自身は退位を拒否していた。
- But the Emperor himself, refused to abdicate from the throne.
- 国人の経済状況の悪化による軍役拒否。
- The kokujin (provincial warriors) refused to serve on account of financial difficulties.
- 否認権 (第百六十条―第百七十六条)
- Right of Avoidance (Article 160 to Article 176)
- 否認権限を有する監督委員の訴訟参加等
- Intervention in Action by Supervisor Empowered to Avoid, etc.
- その点に関して今もって賛否両論がある。
- This is the point where the opinions are still divided.
- Concerning this point, there still are opinions which are for and against.
- 否認権 (第百二十七条―第百四十一条)
- Right of Avoidance (Article 127 to Article 141)
- 特定の債権者に対する担保の供与等の否認
- Avoidance of Provision of Security, etc. to Specific Creditors
- 条件の成否未定の間における権利の処分等
- Disposition of Rights Pending Fulfillment of Conditions
- 相手を否定して:気が狂っているどころか
- crazy as a fox
- )武田観柳斎も衛士側に合流を拒否された。
- (Kanryusai allegedly advised those including IBARAKI to desert Shinsengumi).
- 今日では存在そのものが否定視されている。
- These days, however, it is considered that the book itself did not exist.
- 嵯峨天皇は遷都を拒否することを決断する。
- Emperor Saga was determined to reject the relocation of the capital.
- この改革の性格は田沼時代の全否定である。
- In nature, Sadanobu's reforms were the complete denial of the Tanuma period.
- 元使殺害の評価については賛否両論がある。
- There are both arguments for and against the killing of the Yuan envoys.
- 相当の対価を得てした財産の処分行為の否認
- Avoidance of Acts of Disposing of Property Conducted While Receiving Reasonable Value
- 法第二百一条第一項の規定による登録の拒否
- rejection of a registration pursuant to the provisions of Article 201, paragraph (1) of the Act;
- お家の安否如何ぞと、案じゆくこそ道理なれ」
- It is natural for them to worry about their home.
- 警察は引渡しを要求したが朝連側は拒否した。
- The police demanded them to hand over the suspect but the Koreans refused.
- 文書の成立を否認する場合における理由の明示
- Clear Indication of Reason in Cases of Denying Authenticity of Creation of Document
- 否認の請求を認容する決定に対する異議の訴え
- Action Against Order Upholding Request for Avoidance
- Action Against an Order to Uphold a Request for Avoidance
- このうち、史家の多くは第一の助六を否定する。
- Most of historians deny the first opinion.
- それは政党内閣を否認するということであった。
- It meant that the party cabinet system was disapproved.
- この船が鉄板張りであったか否かは定かでない。
- It is not certain whether this ship was an iron plated one.
- 残党を引き渡すよう要求したが寺側は拒否した。
- The Nobutada ODA force requested the temple to hand over the remnants, but the temple refused the request.
- 教えてしまった場合は着信拒否等の対応を取る。
- Once giving the personal information, take actions such as do-not-disturb mode.
- 兵士同士が密集したか否かについては議論がある。
- It is controversial whether the soldiers were closely-packed together or not.
- 義時はこれを幕府の根幹を揺るがすとして拒否する。
- Yoshitoki, who saw these requests as shaking the very foundations of shogunal authority, refused.
- 孝明天皇自身が賛同したか否かは意見が一致しない。
- There is no common view as to whether or not Emperor Komei agreed to the above.
- しかし、頼通は隆姫を悲しませたくないと拒否した。
- Yorimichi, however, declined the Emperor's offer on the grounds that he didn't want to make Takahime sad.
- なお、関連用語として、任官拒否という用語もある。
- A related term is ninkankyohi, which means refusal of appointment.
- 源頼朝の落胤説があるが、現在では否定されている。
- There was a theory that he was a rakuin of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, which is denied now.
- ただ、毒殺説自体は現在ではほぼ否定されている)。
- (But the assassination view is largely denied today.)
- 家族の私生児・庶子の入籍の拒否(旧民法735条)
- Right to refuse registration on household register of family member's illegitimate child (the Old Civil Codes, Article 735)
- 否認権の行使は、再生債務者財産を原状に復させる。
- The exercise of a right of avoidance shall restore the rehabilitation debtor's assets to its original state.
- 日本棋院などの現代の囲碁ルールでは否定されている。
- This judgment is denied in today's rules including the rule of the Nihon Ki-in (the Japanese Go Association).
- だが、陶磁研究家の林屋晴三はこの説を否定している。
- However, Seizo HAYASHIYA, a researcher of ceramics, refutes this theory.
- が、山口少佐は「吾は此処に死せん」として拒否した。
- However, Major Yamaguchi rejected it saying, 'I'm dying here.'
- 他方義和団が愛国主義的か否かという点でも対立する。
- They also disagreed over whether the Boxers had patriotic doctrines or not.
- また一部には身分制度を否定したりする思想が現れた。
- There were also a few thoughts which opposed the class system.
- また、入会地なども同様に否定して国有地に編入した。
- And iriaichi (common land) and so on were also denied and incorporated into national land.
- 条件の成否未定の間における相手方の利益の侵害の禁止
- Prohibition of Infringement of Interest of Counterparty Pending Fulfillment of Conditions
- これにより、院政の前提となる上皇の存在は否定された。
- This resulted in the denial of the existence of a Joko, upon which insei is premised.
- 総て父子相続となっており、兄弟相続は否定されている。
- All cases of succession observed among these emperors are from father to son and no case of succession between brothers is found.
- しかし、現地調査から自然交雑の可能性は否定的である。
- However, based on local investigation there is less possibility of its being a natural hybrid.
- 「日本酒はカロリーが高く肥る」との通説の科学的否定。
- Scientific denial of popular theory, that is, 'Sake is rich in calories and make you fat.'
- 「しかし、清国は様々な言い訳をしてこれを拒否した。」
- However, Qing refused it with various excuses.'
- 第百九十条第一項の規定による第百八十七条の登録の拒否
- Refusal of the registration set forth in Article 187 pursuant to Article 190, paragraph (1).
- 否認の請求を認容する決定に対する異議の訴え等の取扱い
- Action Against Order to Uphold Request for Avoidance, etc.
- そのため宇都宮駅起源説は現在では事実上否定されている。
- Therefore, 'the Utsunomiya theory' (theory that the first Ekiben was sold at the Utsunomiya Station) is effectively denied these days.
- この辺りは賛否両論が激しく、意見が分かれる所でもある。
- There are pros and cons regarding them.
- が、高尾稔など増補説に否定的な見解を取る研究者も多い。
- However, many other scholars such as Minoru TAKAO deny that idea about the addition.
- これらの反論を受けて、宣王時代説はほぼ否定されている。
- In response to these objections, the opinion supporting the period of the King Xuan is almost denied.
- 村岡は戸田家が竹千代を売ったことを否定しているという。
- According to MURAOKA, the TODA family denied that they sold Ieyasu.
- 陸軍はその海軍の兵食改革(麦飯支給)に否定的であった。
- The army was skeptical about reforming food for solders (keaping barley rice) like the Navy did.
- 前項の訴え及び否認の請求事件は、再生裁判所が管轄する。
- Cases of the action and request for avoidance set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the rehabilitation court.
- 豊臣秀吉の太閤検地によって、中間得分の収取が否定された。
- Due to the taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys) by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, collection of interim dividends was disapproved.
- また、動員を拒否した場合は処罰の対象となることもあった。
- When a samurai refused to accept a mobilization request, he could be punished.
- 一方、これらの理由を否定する根拠としては以下が挙げられる
- On the other hand, there are some foundations to deny these reasons as below.
- 否認の請求の手続は、再生手続が終了したときは、終了する。
- The proceedings for a request for avoidance shall be closed upon the close of rehabilitation proceedings.
- 執行判決は、裁判の当否を調査しないでしなければならない。
- An execution judgment shall be made without investigating whether or not the judicial decision is appropriate.
- 前に述べられたことを否定して)これとは反対にそれどころか
- on the contrary
- そして最大の要因が、平氏が強訴の鎮圧を拒否したことである。
- Above all, the biggest factor was that the Taira clan had refused to suppress the direct petition.
- そのため、立川流を除く多くの密教では性交には否定的である。
- Therefore most Esoteric Buddhism schools, excluding the Tachikawa-ryu school, frown upon sexual intercourse.
- また、甲斐守任官についても否定的意見がある(秋山敬による)。
- Also, there is one opinion that denies the fact he was appointment the governor of Kai Province (Kei AKIYAMA).
- こういった時代に合わせた変化については賛否両論となっている。
- There are pros and cons about these changes in karuta that reflect the times.
- 毎朝当日の天候や波の状況を確認した上で出漁の可否を判断する。
- Every morning it is decided whether or not to go fishing, after checking the weather and the situation of the waves.
- 主流会派である合気会が試合に否定的であるのもこの理念による。
- Based on this principle, Aikikai, the mainstream faction, is dismissive about matches.
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争後の財政難などを理由にこれを拒否した。
- SAIONJI, however, refused to agree to this on the grounds that the nation was in serious financial straits because of the Japanese-Russo War that just ended.
- ペリーは首里城への訪問を打診したが、王国側はこれを拒否した。
- Perry made inquiries about a visit to Shuri-jo Caste, but the Kingdom refused.
- 谷中村はこれに激しく抵抗し、隣の藤岡町との合併案を否決した。
- Yanaka Village fiercely resisted, and rejected the proposal of the merger with its neighbor town, Fujioka-machi.
- しかしそれより以前に、大陸から渡っていた可能性も否定できない。
- However, the possibility that it arrived from the Asian continent earlier than the above cannot be denied.
- が、七福神は三人から徐々に増えたという説から否定的見解もある。
- However, there is a negative opinion against it, according to the theory that Shichifukujin has gradually increased from three.
- これは史実であり、禅の考え方が影響を与えたことは否定できない。
- From the above historical fact, the influence of Zen's thoughts cannot be denied.
- 忠平は律令回帰路線に否定的であり、土地課税路線を推進していった。
- Tadahira was not in favor of a return to the Ritsuryo system, and promoted the land-based tax system.
- 武道の理想を達成するためには試合・競技を否定する者さえ存在する。
- Some people deny the game or competition in order to achieve the ideal of the budo.
- この理念の発見はそれを否定し、新しい視点を生み出したことになる。
- The discovery of mono no aware not only denied the trend but also provided a new perspective.
- 当時の鋳造記録が殆ど無く、江戸幕府による鋳造を否定する説もある。
- Because nearly no documents about mintage at that time have been found, some theories deny the minting of the coin by the Edo Shogunate.
- 司法省、全裁判所に対し日本人の帰化申請を拒否するよう訓令を発布。
- The U.S. Department of Justice issued directives to all the courts to reject naturalization applications submitted by Japanese.
- 移住を拒否し、破壊された谷中村の自宅跡に住み続けた元村民もいる。
- Some villagers refused to move out, and after the destruction of Yanaka Village, they stayed in the remains of their houses.
- 帰京した後醍醐天皇は光厳天皇の皇位を否定し、建武の新政を開始する。
- Returning to Kyoto, Emperor Go-Daigo denied the legitimacy of Emperor Kogon's reign and started the Kenmu Restoration.
- 平安時代末の福原京を首都とみなせるか否かについては近年議論がある。
- There have been discussions as to whether to consider Fukuhara-kyo as a capital.
- これは『日本書紀』等による蘇我氏に否定的な記述に対する反論である。
- This refutes the negative portrayals of the Soga clan found in historical records such as the 'Nihonshoki.'
- 文書の成立を否認するときは、その理由を明らかにしなければならない。
- When denying the authenticity of the creation of a document, the reason therefor shall be clarified.
- ところが秀吉は右大臣就任の打診に対して事実上拒否を表明したのである。
- However, Hideyoshi practically refused the appointment to Udaijin.
- しかしそれらが「盆踊り」の系譜に連なるものであることは否定しがたい。
- However, it is undeniable that they are related to 'Bon Odori'.
- 現在では日本国憲法第14条において家職の概念は明確に否定されている。
- Currently, the fourteenth article of the Japanese Constitution clearly negates the concept of Kashoku.
- 別の日に内務省に150名がなだれこんだが、内務大臣は面会を拒否した。
- On the other day 150 demonstrators intruded into the office of the Ministry of Home Affairs but the Minister of Home Affairs refused to meet them.
- この文化段階で、北方から相当数本州へやってきた可能性が否定できない。
- The possibility that a considerable number came from the north to Honshu at this cultural stage cannot be denied.
- - アメリカ極東軍司令部、朝鮮における占領行政を宣言(即時独立否認)
- The Headquarters of the U.S. Army Forces Far East proclaimed the occupation administration in Korea (Denial of immediate independence).
- 否認の請求をするときは、その原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
- When making a request for avoidance, the requester shall make a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for avoidance.
- しかし、翌1219年に起きた実朝暗殺により後鳥羽上皇の拒否に遭い頓挫。
- However, the assassination of Sanetomo that took place in the following 1219 derailed the realization of the proposal; the Retired Emperor Gotoba refused it.
- 万世一系は、戦前において、共和制や共産主義革命を否定する根拠とされた。
- The theory of the unbroken Imperial line was used as a reason for defying republican institutions and communist revolutions.
- 一旦浴槽に注いだ湯を再注入するか否かで循環風呂と掛け流しに分類される。
- Hot springs are divided into a type of circulating bath, which recycles hot spring water once poured into a bath, and the type of kakenagashi, which uses fresh hot spring water without recycling.
- 皇族を除く貴族制度を否定した日本国憲法施行により1947年に身位喪失。
- This status was lost in 1947 when the Constitution of Japan, which abolished the aristocracy except for the Imperial Family, came into effect.
- 次に掲げる場合には、否認権は、転得者に対しても、行使することができる。
- In the following cases, a right of avoidance may also be exercised against any subsequent acquirers:
- 宮家の最も早い例とする説もあるが、現在の学会では否定する意見の方が強い。
- One theory says that Rokujo no Miya was the earliest Miyake, but in present academic societies, most deny this theory.
- 彼女がやってきたとき、英語名(ジミーと伝わる)をつけられるのを拒否した。
- He refused to be called with an English nickname by Mrs. Vining (Mrs. Vining had seemingly prepared a nickname 'Jimmy' for him) when she became his tutor.
- その上で近江令が皇位継承規定を含まなかったと推測し、近江令説を否定した。
- And based on this, he denied the Omi-Ryo theory, supposing that Omi-Ryo did not include the provisions on imperial succession.
- 呼称の当否は別とし、この変更は朝鮮通信使の来日直前に一方的に通告された。
- Being apart from whether the usage of the term is appropriate or not, this change was informed unilaterally to the Korean side immediately before Chosen Tsushinshi departed for Japan.
- だが、これを拒否されると、延暦寺は後奈良天皇に法華宗討伐の許可を求める。
- However, when this was rejected, Enryaku-ji Temple sought permission for the subjugation of the Hokke sect from the Emperor Gonara.
- なお近代に成立の武道では柔道、剣道、弓道などは流派という概念を否定した。
- Recently created martial arts such as Judo, Kendo (Japanese fencing) and Kyudo (Japanese archery) have rejected the concept of ryuha.
- しかし、現在では天ぷらそばの違いは、ネギが多用されているか否かとされる。
- It is said, however, that the difference in tenpura soba is currently determined whether or not green onions are heavily used.
- しかし、勝は未だ徳川処分が決定していないことを理由にこれを拒否している。
- However, Katsu refused this demand, reasoning that the Tokugawa family had not yet been officially charged.
- 信西は忠実までも流罪にしようとするが、これは忠通が拒否したので頓挫する。
- Shinzei tries to exile even Tadazane, but Tadamichi stops him so he gives up.
- ゆえに偽書であるか否かという議論に馴染まない側面があることも事実である。
- Therefore, it is true that there is an aspect that is not suited to the discussion of whether 'the Gospel according to Marco' reported Petro's discourse.
- 文書の成立の真否は、筆跡又は印影の対照によっても、証明することができる。
- The authenticity or inauthenticity of the creation of a document may be proven by comparison of handwriting or seal impressions.
- 武術をベースにしながらも、理念的には力による争いや勝ち負けを否定している。
- While being based on martial arts, in principle it denies disputes using force, or winning and losing.
- 仏教において顕教では、男女の性行為はどちらかといえば否定される向きがある。
- Exoteric Buddhism is more likely to be negative about sexual intercourse.
- 時間と労力が節約できるが、完成する酒質と小売価格については賛否両論がある。
- This method allows the time and work necessary to be saved, but there exist arguments for and against the quality of sake produced in this way and the retail prices.
- この「足摺り」の場面では俊寛は否応なしに島に残ることになってしまっている。
- In the scene of `Ashizuri' (stamping the ground) of 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike), Shunkan was determined to remain in the island by force.
- 逆に宗教的な目的を持った厭勝銭として造られた可能性も否定できないのである。
- Conversely, the possibility that it was made as incantation coin for religious purpose cannot also be ruled out.
- さらに末尾では草庵の生活に愛着を抱くことさえも悟りへの妨げとして否定する。
- Moreover, at the end of the work he denied any attachment to life in a thatched hut because it would prevent people from achieving spiritual enlightenment.
- 買収の可否判断に際しては、国内輸送の基幹となる路線を優先することになった。
- The buyout decision was made based on priority given to the line that could become a part of the main artery line.
- が、高野山側は懐に入った窮鳥はこれを追わずとして五人の引き渡しを拒否した。
- However, Koyasan told the messengers that the bird who rushed into its breast was not purged and rejected to hand them over.
- 前述のとおり、条里プランの起源を班田収授制に求める説はほぼ否定されている。
- As described above, the theory to seek the origin of plan of jori in handen shuju sei is virtually rejected.
- 過去に手痛い敗戦を被った織田軍よりも轟音対策が遅れていた面は否定できない。
- It cannot be denied that as far as measures against gunshot noise are concerned, the Takeda army was more behind than the Oda force that had suffered a heavy defeat.
- ただし、後述する毛里田地区鉱毒根絶期成同盟会はこの協定への参加を拒否した。
- However, the Association of Mining Pollution Eradication in Morita (see below) refused to join the agreement.
- 道鏡は神託を否定するが、下野国の薬師寺 (下野市)造寺別当として左遷された。
- Although Dokyo opposed the shintaku (oracle), he was relegated to a lower position as a betto (administrator of a Buddhist temple) for Yakushi-ji Temple in the Province of Shimotsuke.
- 朝廷側が要求を拒否して使者を追い返したことから延暦寺大衆の動きが激しくなる。
- After the Imperial-Court refused the appeal and sent back the envoy, the movement of daishu of Enryaku-ji Temple intensified.
- 啓蒙的な思想家が封建的な思想や習慣を否定し、西洋の政治制度、文物を紹介した。
- Enlightened thinkers denied feudal thoughts and customs, and introduced Western political systems and products of culture.
- しかし、この時も鑑真弟子の霊佑が鑑真の安否を気遣って渡航阻止を役人へ訴えた。
- Again this time, however, strong anxiety of Ganjin's disciplines, Lingyu, for his master's safety brought him to civil authorities to stop Ganjin crossing the sea to Japan.
- おおむね9月中に試験が実施され、合否の判断は伝統的工芸品産業振興協会が行う。
- The examination is generally conducted every September, and admission decisions are made by the Traditional Crafts Industry Promotion Association Foundation.
- 学者たちは萎縮し、結果として、倭姫即位説への反応は賛否とも鈍いものであった。
- Scholars were dispirited and did not respond to the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement theory actively.
- また松平英明、本間五郎の著物によれば、流水法に否定的であったと記されている。
- And according to the documents of Hideaki MATSUDAIRA and Goro HONMA, the Matsudaira Kinkaku school had a negative stance towards the running water method.
- しかし、第一条のみは絶対に受けられないとして断固拒否し、西郷と問答が続いた。
- Yamaoka insisted that he would never accept article number one, rejected the condition of the article number one and continued an exchange of dialogue with Saigo.
- そのため賢立の話した神前祝詞の拒否感情と共に賢立個人に対する誹謗に発展した。
- Therefore Kenryu's talk which was a refusal feeling of Norito in front of the gods and it developed into libel against Kenryu himself.
- ところが、木曜会内部には政党に否定的な議員も多く、この入閣を機に内紛が勃発。
- However, inside of the Mokuyo-kai there were many members who had disapproved of the political party and then after Senge joined the Cabinet, internal disputes broke out.
- 「朕、否徳と雖も、幸に祖宗の霊に頼り、祇みて鴻緒を承け、躬万機の政を親す。」
- Although I am not perfect, I am honored to take on this assignment with the help of the spirit from the past Emperors and I will serve my role in all affairs of the state's politics myself.'
- 3月25日、中村一氏・鈴木孫一が城を訪れ降伏勧告を行ったが、城方は拒否した。
- On May 6, 1592 Kazuuji NAKAMURA and Magoichi SUZUKI visited the castle and recommended surrender, but the castle side rejected it.
- その後何度も国書を送ったが、朝鮮側はその都度受け取りを拒否した(書契問題)。
- After that, Japan sent them the letter with the sovereign's message again and again, but the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive on every occasion (it is called Shokei Mondai, the problem of letters.)
- しかし、示談金の受け取りを拒否した農民もおり、鉱毒反対運動はこの後も続いた。
- However, in fact, some peasants refused to accept money and the movement against the mining pollution continued after that.
- この際に大友皇子が即位していたか否かで正統性が一方に傾くため、議論が絶えない。
- The fact about whether Prince Otomo was already the emperor at that time or not is still open to debate, because it decided who had rights and who didn't.
- 16日、平氏は園城寺に以仁王の引き渡しを求めたが、園城寺大衆はこれを拒否した。
- On the the seventeenth (sixteenth in lunar calendar), the Taira forces demanded that Onjo-ji temple hand over prince Mochihito, but Onjo-ji's assembly of clergy decided to refuse.
- 『詩経』では韓愈撰と仮託される「詩之序議」が「詩序」の子夏制作を否定している。
- With regard to 'Shikyo,' 'Consideration of Shijo' which was compiled on the pretext of Kan Yu (Han Yu), denied that 'Shijo' was created by Shika.
- しかし、納得しない入鹿は実否をただすまで鱶七を人質にせよと言い棄てて奥に入る。
- However, Iruka does not believe it and tells others to hold Fukashichi hostage until he confirms the truth, and leaving the scene, goes inside.
- 「見当違い・見当はずれ・見当がつかない」も同義の否定的状態を示したものである。
- Expressions such as 'kento chigai (wrong guess), kento hazure (out of register) and kento ga tsukanai (to have no clue)' refer to the negative state of the same meaning.
- 賊軍(ぞくぐん)とは、「官軍」の対語で、日本史上その軍の正当性を否定する言葉。
- Rebel army is a term opposed to a term 'Imperial Army' which was made to deny legitimacy of some armies which appeared in the history of Japan.
- 研究会は山県―清浦が主導する超然主義を支持して政党政治を否定する路線を取った。
- Kenkyukai adopted a policy of denying party politics, supporting the nonparty doctrine advocated by YAMAGATA and KIYOURA.
- 心全体を理とするならば、その内にある欲望のみを否定することは原理的にできない。
- If the entire mind is considered to be 'ri', it is fundamentally impossible to deny only the desire in the mind.
- そのため新羅系須恵器(若しくは陶質土器)が伝播していた可能性が否定しきれない。
- For that reason, the possibility that Silla-group Sueki (or earthenware) was spread cannot be denied.
- 第七百七十二条の場合において、夫は、子が嫡出であることを否認することができる。
- Under the circumstances described in Article 772, a husband may rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock.
- 嫡出否認の訴えは、夫が子の出生を知った時から一年以内に提起しなければならない。
- A husband shall bring an action to rebut the presumption of the child in wedlock within one year of knowing of the child's birth.
- 万世一系を否定する見解を徹底して主張した歴史家や知識人は、決して多くはなかった。
- Most historians and intellectuals could not insist their opinion that denied the unbroken Imperial line.
- これを受けて吉田寮では、受諾の可否とその際の交渉条件について昼夜議論がなされた。
- Yoshida dormitory's residents discussed day and night about the pros and cons of the proposal as well as the conditions of the negotiation.
- 的屋という職の減少が日本の各地の縁日の減少に多大な影響を与えている事は否めない。
- It cannot be denied that the decrease of the tekiya profession greatly contributed to the decrease in the number of fairs in local areas of Japan.
- 紀伊国で、とある僧から己の不信心を理由に念仏札の受け取りを拒否され、大いに悩む。
- In Ki Province, one priest refused to take the invocation charm for the reason of his own impiety and Ippen agonized a lot about it.
- 文明開化以降、迷信などの類は否定的に見られるだけでなく、排斥される傾向にあった。
- After the cultural enlightenment, things such as superstitions were viewed not only negatively, but they had a tendency to be denounced.
- 縄文農耕論は、明治時代以来の長い研究史があり、農耕存否の論争は現在も続いている。
- The farming theory of the Jomon period has a long history of study since the Meiji period and the existence of farming is still being debated today.
- 明治政府は清国に対して事件の賠償などを求めるが、清国政府は管轄外として拒否した。
- Although the Meiji Government sought compensation from Qing for the incident, the Qing Government refused, saying it was beyond their jurisdiction.
- 夫は、子の出生後において、その嫡出であることを承認したときは、その否認権を失う。
- If a husband recognizes that a child is his child in wedlock after the birth of the child, he shall lose his right to rebut the presumption of legitimacy.
- この説によれば、不改常典はその頃まで一般的だった兄弟継承を否定するために作られた。
- According this theory, Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten was elaborated in order to reject the succession of the throne from the elder brother to his little brother, which was a form of succession frequently practiced until around that time.
- これに対して民俗学の観点からは、こうした考え方を強く否定する考え方が出されている。
- In response to this, folklorists present a theory that strongly contradicts those mentioned above.
- そのために753年に遣唐使が帰日する際、遣唐大使の藤原清河は鑑真の同乗を拒否した。
- For this reason, in 753 when the Kento-shi returned to Japan, FUJUWARA no Kiyokawa, the chief envoy of Japan, refused Ganjin to get on board.
- また、これまで鞄生地を納めてきた朝日加工は信三郎を支持して一澤帆布との取引を拒否。
- Meanwhile, Asahi Kako Co., Ltd., which had delivered cloth for the bags, supported Shinzaburo and refused to have any dealings with Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.
- 後醍醐は治天の地位を否定したけれども、社会はそれを必要としていたことを表している。
- Although Emperor Godaigo denied the need for the position of Chiten, it showed that it was necessary for society.
- ただし、頼朝より願い出された征夷大将軍への就任と九条兼実の関白就任は断固拒否する。
- However the Emperor firmly refused Yoritomo's application to become a seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and for Kanezane KUJO to become the Chief Adviser to the Emperor.
- 子供(禿)のいたずらだろうか? 否、禿をひっこめてもつねる手はどこかから出てくる。
- Is it Agemaki's mischievous young girl attendant? No, even the attendant has left, there is still someone pinching his the leg.
- 1900年、伊藤の増税案に対して、貴族院は政友会の党利党略を理由にこれを否決した。
- In 1900, Kizokuin voted against Ito's tax increase proposal using the partisan interests of Seiyukai Party as the reason.
- 作者自身が付けたのかどうかについて、直接肯定ないし否定する証拠は見つかっていない。
- No evidence has been found to confirm or deny the supposition as to whether the author applied the names or not.
- そして朝田は、三木、塚本を田中支部から除名するも、府連執行委員会はこれを否決する。
- Then Asada expelled Miki and Tsukamoto from the Tanaka Branch but the Kyoto Federation executive committee rejected it.
- 転得者が転得の当時、それぞれその前者に対する否認の原因のあることを知っていたとき。
- Where the subsequent acquirers knew, at the time of acquisition, that there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors.
- 第十五条第五項から第九項までの規定は、前項の規定による登録の拒否について準用する。
- The provisions of Article 15, paragraphs (5) to (9) inclusive shall apply mutatis mutandis to a refusal of registration under the preceding paragraph.
- 天智天皇7年(668年) 天智天皇の皇太弟に立てられたとされる(否定する説もある)。
- 668: It is said that he was put up to be the Kotaitei of the Emperor Tenchi (some disagree).
- だが、これは拒否され、代償として蔚山の塩浦(現在の蔚山広域市)が入港地に追加された。
- Although that request was turned down, as an alternative, Enbo (port of En) of Ulsan (present Ulsan Metropolitan City) was added to the port of entry.
- こうした点から、狩野派の絵画は、個性や新味に乏しいものになっていったことは否めない。
- In this respect it is undeniable that the paintings of the Kanoha group lack individuality and originality.
- ただ後者はアメリカの拒否にあい、条約そのものではなく照会文で言及されることになった。
- However, the second objet was rejected by the United States, so that it was mentioned only in the documents for reference.
- なお、批准を拒否している米国においては、219都市が独自に京都議定書を批准している。
- And in America, which refuses to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, 219 cities have ratified it under their own authority.
- これに対して3教員が転任命令を拒否したことから5月5日に3教員の懲戒免職を決定した。
- Against this decision, the three teachers refused the transfer, so the Board decided to give them disciplinary dismissal.
- 否認の請求を認容し、又はこれを棄却する裁判は、理由を付した決定でしなければならない。
- A judicial decision to uphold a request for avoidance or dismiss it with prejudice on the merits shall be made by an order with reasons attached thereto.
- 第一項に規定する方法によるほか、管財人は、抗弁によっても、否認権を行うことができる。
- In addition to the methods prescribed in paragraph (1), a trustee may also exercise a right of avoidance by raising a defense.
- だからいくら勢力を拡大しようとも、室町将軍の権威を否定する訳にはいかなかったのである。
- Therefore, no matter how much they expanded their power, they could not afford to deny the authority of Shogun Muromachi.
- 警察官が費用負担した場合は利益誘導として裁判の際に供述の任意性が否定される場合がある。
- If it is paid by a policeman, this may be taken as the dispensation of favors and the voluntary nature of the suspect's confession may be refuted during the trial.
- ただ現在の学術研究、特に日本における論争のひとつに、儒教は宗教か否かというものがある。
- In today's academic research, especially among debates in Japan, there is a debate on whether or not Ju-kyo is a religion.
- 1900年に立憲政友会を旗揚げして政府の内側から超然主義を否定する動きに出たのである。
- In 1900, he established the Rikken Seiyukai party to start denying transcendentalism within the government.
- だが、時代の変遷により、将来的に現在の時代区分の枠組みが変化する可能性は否定出来ない。
- However, it cannot be denied that the present framework of periodization may change in the future according to changing times.
- しかし三沢氏の独立性は高く、尼子氏の軍役を拒否して尼子氏との戦いに及んだ場合もあった。
- Nevertheless, the Misawa clan maintained its strong independence, as seen in the rejection to offer military services to the Amago clan, which induced fighting between the two clans.
- しかし、考古学的に上記のような変遷過程が明らかとなっており、この説話は否定されている。
- However, that story is denied as the changing process mentioned above was known archaeologically.
- 確認の訴えは、法律関係を証する書面の成立の真否を確定するためにも提起することができる。
- An action for declaratory judgment may also be filed to determine the validity of a document that certifies legal relationships.
- これによって延暦寺などの有力権門の権益は否定され、造酒正による課税も最低限に制限された。
- This law denied the interests of influential houses such as Enryaku-ji Temple and limited the taxation by miki no kami to the minimum.
- 暑中見舞い(しょちゅうみまい)とは、暑中に知人などへ安否を尋ねるために出した手紙のこと。
- A shochumimai is a letter sent to acquaintances to ask how they are doing in the mid-summer.
- 夫人民、政府ニ対シテ租税ヲ払フノ義務アル者ハ、乃チ其政府ノ事ヲ与知可否スルノ権理ヲ有ス。
- All the people who are obliged to pay tax to the government shall have the right to be involved in the politics of the government and to debate whether our politics are right or wrong.
- イラク戦争を非合法的軍事力行使だとして従軍を拒否、イラク反戦の気運をもたらす一因を作る。
- He refused to deploy to Iraq, saying that the Iraq war was an illegal exercise of military force, and he contributed to the spreading anti-war sentiment.
- また、兵役における近代的なシステムや生活が地方に伝播するのに貢献したと言う面も否めない。
- In addition, the contribution of conscription cannot be denied as it helped the modern system or living in the military service to spread to the local areas.
- 事実上拒否したに等しかったが、西郷は勝・大久保を信頼して、翌日の江戸城総攻撃を中止した。
- In fact, Katsu answered as if he were rejecting these conditions; Saigo trusted Katsu and Okubo, so Saigo terminated the following day's general attack upon Edo-jo Castle.
- それが5月20日の時点で列強への引渡しを求められ、なおかつ清朝側が拒否後攻め落とされた。
- The allied western powers demanded that the forts be handed over by May 20 but they attacked and reduced them to rubble after the Qing dynasty refused.
- 政子の弟で執権の北条義時は実朝の死後上洛し、重ねて皇子東下を願い出るが、後鳥羽院は拒否。
- Yoshitoki HOJO, a brother of Masako and regent, went up to Kyoto after the death of Sanetomo and requested a prince again to go down to Kamakura, but the Retired Emperor Gotoba rejected it.
- 西南戦争に決着が付いた時点で、士族階級の特権は明白に否定され、その没落が決定付けられた。
- When the Seinan War came to an end, the privileges of the warrior class were denied clearly, and the downfall of the warrior class was determined.
- 一方施行断行派のものでは磯部四郎の『法理精華ヲ読ム』、井上操の『法律編纂ノ可否』がある。
- On the other hand, theses by the Seko-danko-ha Group included 'Horiseika wo Yomu' (Reading the Hori Seika law school Journal) by Shiro ISOBE and 'Horitsu Hensan no Kahi' (The pros and cons of compiling laws) by Masao INOUE.
- 査定の裁判においては、異議等のある再生債権について、その債権の存否及びその内容を定める。
- An assessment decision shall specify the existence or nonexistence of a denied/disputed rehabilitation claim and the content thereof.
- 5月2日の会談で、長岡藩は武装中立の姿勢と会津説得の猶予を嘆願したが新政府側はこれを拒否。
- In a conference on June 21, the Nagaoka domain petitioned for a stance of armed neutrality and an extension of time to persuade the Aizu Domain, and yet the new government rejected them.
- しかし、こうした日光山経由のルートであれ小辺路であれ、信仰上の遺跡が乏しいことは否めない。
- However, beyond question, there remain few religious relics not only on such routes via Mt. Nikko but also on Kohechi.
- これによって延暦寺などの有力権門の権益は否定され、朝廷などによる課税も最低限に制限された。
- The law denied the interests of influential families, including Enryaku-ji Temple, minimizing the taxation by the Imperial court and other parties.
- それに伴い豪族の土地・民衆支配は否定され、中央政府による統一的な土地・民衆支配が実現した。
- By this, the gozokus' government over the land and people were denied and the unitary government over the land and people by the central government was established.
- このように、調理を施すか、複雑な調理方法を用いるか否かによる「料理」の定義は定かではない。
- As described above, the definition of 'dish' depending on whether it is cooked or whether a complexed cooking method is used is not determined.
- 男は(オリジナルではツレを介して)声をかけるが「これは愛しい人の形見だから」と拒否される。
- The man talked to her (originally, letting subordinate talk), but she refused him because 'it is a remembrance token of beloved man.'
- 近世後期に至り領主権力が弱体化すると、幕藩領主は庄屋・名主の惣代機能を否定しようと試みた。
- In the late modern times, when the power of the feudal lords waned, a lord of the shogunate system tried to deny the Soudaikinou (a function of village residents' representative) function of a Shoya and Nanushi.
- 将門の主人の太政大臣藤原忠平が事の実否を調べることにし、御教書を下して使者を東国へ送った。
- The Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister of the state), who was also Masakado's employer, FUJIWARA no Tadahira, wanted to investigate the situation, so he issued a migyosho (a document of the Shogunate order) and dispatched an envoy to Togoku.
- Masakado's master, the Daijodaijin (Grand minister of state), FUJIWARA no Tadahira, decided to investigate the truth of the matter, and to that end, issued a migyosho (a document for informing people of the decision of Third Rank or upper people) and sent an emissary to the eastern provinces.
- 海軍副総裁の榎本武揚は徳川家に対する処置を不満とし、約束の軍艦引き渡しを断固拒否していた。
- The vice president of the Navy, Takeaki ENOMOTO firmly rejected the promise of handing over the warships based on his dissatisfaction in the treatment of the Tokugawa family.
- 武装解除させられた高野山にもはや権力の介入を拒む術はなく、寺社の中立・独立性は否定された。
- The Koyasan Temple which was disarmed had no way to reject the intervention of authority and the neutrality and independency of temples and shrines was denied.
- 形の良否により選別され、合格したものは数量および目方が改められた後、常是極印役に引き継ぐ。
- Coins were screened by quality in shape, with coins that passed inspection counted and weighed and later sent to the jouze-gokuinyaku.
- 準備書面において相手方の主張する事実を否認する場合には、その理由を記載しなければならない。
- In cases of denying in a brief any facts alleged by the opponent, the reason therefor shall be stated therein.
- 上記のように、京都が義仲の軍事制圧下にある状況で義仲の功績を全て否定することは不可能だった。
- As stated above, it was impossible then to completely negate Yoshinaka's achievements when Kyoto was under the control of Yoshinaka's force.
- などの史料的根拠が指摘され、現在では「良」を「なが」と読むことに否定的な考えが示されている。
- Based on such evidence, current thought is negative regarding pronouncing the letter 良 as 'naga.'
- 第百三十二条第二項の規定は、前項第三号の規定により否認権の行使があった場合について準用する。
- The provision of Article 132(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis where a right of avoidance is exercised pursuant to the provision of item (iii) of the preceding paragraph.
- 「徳仁親王の人格否定発言を契機として事実に基づかない言論も行われ、心の沈む日も多くありました」
- With many groundless opinions expressed following the Crown Prince Naruhito's remark that his wife Crown Prince Masako's personality has been neglected, I was frequently depressed.'
- 物部氏・中臣氏などはその代表的な存在であり、新たに伝来した仏教の受容には否定的であったという。
- The Mononobe clan and the Nakatomi clan were famous among them and it is said that they were negative against the acceptance of Buddhism which was newly introduced.
- 一方で、公現入道親王のもう一つの目的であった東征中止については、熾仁親王はこれを断固拒否した。
- But, monk-Prince Kogen's request to stop the attack on the east was strongly rejected by Prince Taruhito.
- 前者は稚貝放流事業で放流される物が殆どで成長した物でも稚貝が天然物か否か全く見分けがつかない。
- In most cases those fed on algae are released as a part of juvenile shellfish releasing activities, and it is impossible to tell from appearance alone whether an adult shellfish was born in the wild or artificially cultivated.
- この明治憲法が抱えていた欠陥がより終戦に至るまでの日本の国家社会主義化を助長した点は否めない。
- It cannot deny that the defect of the Meiji Constitution more promoted national socialization in Japan by the end of the war.
- しかし陽明学では心以外の外的な権威を否定するため、もう読書などは不可欠なものとは認められない。
- In contrast, as Yomeigaku denies authorities outside of one's mind, reading is considered dispensable.
- この時、淀殿は会見を拒否し両者の関係は悪化するが家康は松平忠輝を大坂に遣わし融和に努めている。
- Yodo-dono then refused the meeting, which made their relationship bad, but Ieyasu sent Tadateru MATSUDAIRA to Osaka for reconciliation.
- 外地に施行すべき法令の形式については、日本の領土であったか否かという点で統治方針が区別される。
- On the type of laws to be enforced in Gaichi, the governing policy varied depending on whether or not the region was Japan's territory.
- 現地文化に対しては否定的な態度をとり、総督府統治に反対する朝鮮独立運動は厳しく取り締りされた。
- It had a negative attitude toward the local culture, and the independent movement of Korea against the Sotoku-fu's rule was strictly controlled.
- だが、3000丁という量と三段撃ち戦法については史料上の問題が多く、否定する学説が大勢である。
- The employment of 3,000 teppo and the sandan-uchi tactics based on problematic historical sources has been rejected by most scholars.
- また、20世紀後半に有力化した近江令不存在説にもとづけば、不改常典を近江令とする説は否定される。
- The Omi-Ryo nonexistent theory that has become influential in the latter part of the 20th century denies the theory that identifies Omi-Ryo with Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 嫡系継承説はさらに限定的に、庶子への継承を否定して正妻の子に後を継がせることを定めた法だとする。
- The legitimate child (imperial) succession theory views the code as the law that further strengthen the limitation in the succession to the children of the legal wife, excluding the succession to any of the children born out of wedlock.
- しかしながら、琉球人はポルトガル船がマラッカを攻撃して占拠したことを知っていて、交易を拒否した。
- However, having known that Portuguese ships attacked and occupied Malacca, people in Ryukyu refused to trade with the Portuguese.
- 京都大学同学会は5ヵ条からなる「公開質問状」を作成し、天皇に渡すことを計画していたが拒否された。
- The Kyoto University Dogakukai prepared an 'open letter' concerning five points and planned to submit it to the Emperor, but its acceptance was rejected.
- 一方鎌倉幕府は引き続きこの酒屋の禁止を続け、禁止対象である酒屋から課税する事にも否定的であった。
- On the other hand, the Kamakura bakufu continued to ban Sakaya and had a negative view for imposing taxes on Sakaya, which was subjected to prohibition.
- アメリカ合衆国の南満州鉄道中立案(ノックス提案)の拒否を協定し、両国の満州権益の確保を確認した。
- They made sure that they would secure their interests in Manchuria through making an agreement to deny the proposal of having the South Manchuria Railways stand neutral by the United States of America (Knox's proposal).
- また、領土であった地域については内地人の割合が多かったか否かという点により統治方針が区別される。
- If the region was Japan's territory, the governing policy also varied depending on whether or not the region had a high percentage of the residents from the inland.
- 吉田松陰の唱えた一君万民思想は擬似的な平等思想であり、幕府の権威を否定するイデオロギーともなった。
- The Ikkunpanmin Shiso (the thought where constitutional authority was given to only one ruler and any discrimination and distinction against social status were generally not allowed among people) is spurious thought on equality, but it also became an ideology to deny the authority of shogunate.
- この説によれば、いわゆる万世一系は否定され、出自不明の第26代・継体天皇から新たな大王家が始まる。
- This theory denies so-called unbroken imperial line and says that a new great king's family was founded by the twenty-sixth Japanese Emperor Keitai whose origin is unknown.
- 武士が強訴防御に当たって出動を拒否するということは、白河・鳥羽院政期には見られなかった現象である。
- That samurai refuse to dispatch for defence against the direct petition was a phenomenon that was not seen before in the Shirakawa and Toba-in periods,
- しかし、定信は朝廷に対して尊号を拒否している手前、将軍に対しても同様に拒否をせざるをえなくなった。
- However, Sadanobu had to reject the Shogun's attempt since he had rejected giving the honorary title to the Imperial Court.
- 以後、浄土真宗はあくまでも「一向宗」の呼称を拒否して門徒宗(もんとしゅう)などの言い換えを行った。
- Thereafter, the Jodo Shinshu sect consistently rejected the name 'Ikkoshu,' replacing it with 'Montoshu' and other names.
- 経盛は親平氏勢力の延暦寺と戦端を開くつもりはなく出兵を拒否、重盛・宗盛も清盛の指示に従うと称した。
- Tsunemori refused to send an army as he had no intention to fight against Enryaku-ji Temple, the supporter of the Taira clan, Shigemori and Munemori followed Kiyomori's order.
- ちなみに関取か否かを問わず、現役力士は浴衣が正装であり、浴衣を着ずに外出してはならない規定がある。
- By the way, there is a regulation that no wrestler at work, whether a ranking wrestler or not, may go out without yukata, which is formal attire for sumo wrestlers.
- 『南方録』が偽書として否定された後に、その影響を排した利休像の構築が茶道史研究の重要課題となった。
- After 'Nanpo roku' was found to be apocryphal and unauthorized, the top priority of the researchers of the tea ceremony history was to rebuild the image of Rikyu free of its influence.
- 天皇の権限を強める修正案も出され、GHQの根回しを済ませていたともいわれたが、修正案は否決された。
- An amendment to strengthen the power of the Emperor was presented and it was rumored that behind-the-scenes work for the General Headquarters (GHQ) had been completed but the proposal was denied.
- その頃、頼長は生死をさまよいながら、父忠実のもとを訪れるが、かかわり合いを恐れた忠実は面会を拒否。
- Around that time, Yorinaga, who hovers between life and death, attempts to visit his father Tadazane but Tadazane is afraid of getting involved in the conflict and refuses to meet him
- しかし、二年後の1867年、浦上村の信徒たちが仏式の葬儀を拒否したことで信徒の存在が明るみに出た。
- Two years later in 1867, however, Christians of Urakami village refused the Buddhist funeral, thereby bringing them to light.
- しかし頭以下の者は「病気である」とか「その器ではない」などと申し出て、全員出仕を拒否してしまった。
- However, all officials lower than Kashira did not go to work by saying that 'I am sick' or 'I am not good enough.'
- しかし国書の中に「皇」や「奉勅」といったことばが使用されていたために、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean side refused to receive the sovereign's message because it used the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order.'
- 前条の規定は、停止条件付双務契約の目的物が条件の成否が未定である間に滅失した場合には、適用しない。
- The provisions of the preceding Article shall not apply where the subject matter of a bilateral contract with conditions precedent is lost whilst the conditions are pending.
- 織田信長、豊臣秀吉も天皇の存在や権威を否定せず、政治に利用することによって自らの権威を高めていった。
- Neither Nobunaga ODA nor Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI denied the existence and authority of the Emperor and by using the Emperors in their politics, they strengthened their own authority.
- 吉野晴夫は否定したが、市議会がこれを問題視し、7月に教育委員人事を否決するなど、市政が混乱している。
- Haruo YOSHINO denied it, however, the city assembly saw it as a problem, and rejected the personal affairs of educational board members in July, which resulted in a confusion of the municipal government.
- 支払決済の現場では、鐚銭は一般の銭貨よりも低価値とされたり、受け取り拒否されることも少なくなかった。
- These bitasen coins were evaluated less than ordinary ones in payments, and it sometimes happened that these coins were not accepted.
- 業倫の勘申により、伊勢と熊野が同体であるか否かが問題となり、断罪以上に重要な問題として関心を集めた。
- When Gyorin's kanmon was submitted, a question concerning whether or not Ise and Kumano were identical was raised and it attracted attention as the more important problem than punishment.
- またには太田房江大阪府知事(当時)も知事杯授与を希望する旨表明したがやはり相撲協会が拒否をしている。
- In addition, when governor of Osaka Prefecture Fusae OTA expressed her intention to present the governor's cup on the dohyo, her proposal was again rejected by the Japan Sumo Association.
- 庶民は冠婚葬祭のみで着用したが、藩によっては着用の可否によって村役人の格として使われることもあった。
- Commoners wore it only on ceremonial occasions, but depending on the clan, whether one could wear it or not indicated the status of the village officers.
- その中に、「茲に特に爾を封じて日本国王と為す」の一文があり、秀吉は冊封を拒否して慶長の役に突入した。
- In this letter was a sentence which read, 'I hereby appoint you the king of Japan,' but Hideyoshi refused the investiture by the Chinese court and started the Japan's second invasion of Korea.
- 内閣職権を廃して内閣官制を導入、「大宰相主義」を否定して内閣総理大臣を「同輩中の首席」と位置づけた。
- He abolished the Naikaku Shokken and introduced the Naikaku Kansei, to deny 'Dai saiso (great prime minister)-ism' and position the prime minister as 'the top among colleagues'.
- 民党の経費削減方針を真っ向から否定するこの演説の結果、民党側議員が猛反発してその場は大混乱となった。
- This speech that outright rejected the minto's cost reduction policy, brought a fierce backlash from members of the House of Representatives belonged to minto, triggered utter turmoil on the scene.
- 名古屋城普請の際には豊臣家へも動員が命じられたが、淀殿がこれに拒否反応を示し、沙汰止みになっている。
- In the case of fushin (construction) of Nagoya-jo Castle, the Toyotomi family was ordered to be mobilized, however because of the rejection of Yodo-dono the order was canceled
- 次の浅野氏の統治下でも慶長検地が行われ、地侍たちは財産を削られるだけでなく社会的地位まで否定された。
- Under the next rule of the Asano clan, the land survey in the Keicho era was also implemented, which not only cut jizamurai's fortune but also denied their social status.
- 実質的な解放政策は士農工商を根幹から否定したため長州藩は幕府からはますます遠ざけられることになった。
- Because the substantial policy of liberation meant to deny flatly Shinokosho (hereditary four-status order consisting of warrior-rulers, peasants, artisans, and merchants), bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) became to avoid Choshu Domain more and more.
- ただし、前後の清寧・顕宗天皇などの実在を否定する立場からは、執政期間がさらに数年に及ぶとの推定もある。
- However, some estimates that her administration was longer than a few years from the standpoint of denying the existence of the predecessor and successor Emperor Seinei and Emperor Kenzo.
- 飯島幸人東京商船大学名誉教授も船同士の相対運動に潮流は関係ないとして潮流説に否定的な見解を述べている。
- And Yukihito IIJIMA, professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, criticized the changing tides theory by also asserting the view that tidal speed has no effect on the relative velocity of ships riding the same current.
- また、支配者からの一定の検断権を排除(拒否)する代わりに、惣村独自の検断権を行使する必要も生じていた。
- Moreover, in order to refuse a certain right to judge criminal cases of the rulers, people of the soson needed to exercise their own.
- しかし、「a」が否定の接頭語となり、「sura」が「天」を意味することから、非天、非類などと訳された。
- With the negative prefix 'a' and 'sura' meaning 'heaven,' however, Ashura was translated to non-heaven, non-human, and others.
- 醸造アルコールを添加された日本酒が醸造酒であるか否かという問題については、ひとまず考えないことにする。
- The problem whether Japanese sake with distilled alcohol added is a brewage or not is put aside for right now.
- そのような意味では、「わび茶」の発生とは「名物」を礼賛する価値観への否定であったことをよく示している。
- In that sense, the birth of 'wabicha' (a tea ceremony style that appreciates the beauty of simplicity, austerity and poverty) is a good example of denying the values of praising 'meibutsu'.
- 王国は仕方なく、武具の持込と兵の入城だけは拒否するとして、ペリーは武装解除した士官数名と共に入城した。
- With no alternatives, the Kingdom allowed Perry to enter the castle in the company of several disarmed soldiers.
- ただ、効力が存続しているか否か解釈が分かれるものもあるため、掲載されている布告・達には若干違いがある。
- The Fukoku and Tasshi listed by the two databases above are not the same, due to different interpretations as to which are still in effect and which are not.
- この直接的記録が無いことが、九州王朝否定論の論拠となっており、また多くの亜流を生む原因ともなっている。
- The absence of direct records of the theory is the rationale of the Kyushu dynasty denier and has also generated a number of epigones.
- 加えて、外国人投資家に株を買い占められた時、それが敵国の資本家なら軍事輸送を拒否される恐れすらあった。
- In addition, there was even a fear that when the stocks were bought up by foreign investors, military transportation might be refused if the investors were the ones from enemy country.
- 地租改正は全ての土地に課税されるものとし、以前に認められていた恩賞や寺社領などに対する免税を否認した。
- Land-tax reform levied all the lands and denied Onsho (reward grants) or tax exemption for territories of temples and shrines, which had been approved before.
- だが、議会の開催前に活動を開始したこともあり、その誕生は時代の流れよりも早すぎた、という感は否めない。
- Yet given the fact that this party started its political activities before the National Diet was even formed, it cannot be denied that the party was too much ahead of its time.
- しかし宗教書の場合その意義を必ずしも否定するものではなく両者は別の範疇に入ることに留意する必要がある。
- However, it should be noted that with religious books, simply being a gisho does not necessarily strip a book of its significance, and as a result this sort of gisho should be considered a separate category.
- 古河側は150万円の見舞金を提示したが、毛里田村民側は賠償金の一部としてでなければ受け取れないと拒否。
- Furukawa offered to pay 1.5 million yen to express their sympathy, however the residents of Morita Village refused it as they would not receive it unless Furukawa pays it as a part of their reparations.
- 文書の成立の真否又は手形の提示に関する事実については、申立てにより、当事者本人を尋問することができる。
- With regard to a fact concerning the authenticity of the creation of a document or the presentation of a bill or note, upon petition, a party him/herself may be examined.
- 安土桃山時代に、李氏朝鮮から豊臣秀吉が朝鮮に出兵するか否かを確認するため、秀吉に向けても派遣されている。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Yi Dynasty Korea sent Chosen Tsushinshi to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI for checking whether he had an intention of sending his military troops to Korea.
- 紅生姜についても、賛否両論があるが、広島県外の店舗では広島風お好み焼きにも紅生姜が載ってくる場合が多い。
- As for beni-shoga there are arguments for and against it, but in the shops except for those in Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki often has beni-shoga included.
- 何よりも、神の存在を完全に否定している事から、宗教として扱われる思想ではない、という見解が圧倒的に多い。
- Above all, an overwhelming majority believe it is a thought that should not be treated as a religion, due to the fact that it completely denies the existence of god.
- ただし、農林業センサスの記録からは月ヶ瀬梅渓保勝会の管理対象に農業用梅林が含まれるか否かは読み取れない。
- However, the records of the Census of Agriculture and Forestry do not indicate whether or not the plum-tree protection by Tsukigase Baikei Hoshokai extends to these agricultural plum fields.
- 文治5年(1189年)、義経が殺されると、頼朝より奥州藤原氏追討の院宣が願いだされるが、これを拒否した。
- In 1189 after Yoshitsune was killed, Yoritomo asked Goshirakawa to issue a command from the retired emperor to kill the FUJIWARA clan in Oshu (Mutsu Province), however he refused to do so.
- 吉田兼好や林羅山、新井白蛾、福澤諭吉などが「日の吉凶」を否定することが窺える内容の文章を書き残している。
- Kenko YOSHIDA, Razan HAYASHI, Hakuga ARAI, Yukichi FUKUZAWA and so on left the articles whose subject was the denial of 'the fortune of the day.'
- 特に明治期には田中義成が軍記物の信憑性を否定し、上記第二次と第四次のみを確実とする「二回説」を提唱した。
- In particular, in the Meiji period, Yoshinari TANAKA denied the credibility of war tales, and proposed the 'two-battles theory' in which he insisted that only the second and the fourth battles were surely fought.
- 律令では、口分田は公地ではなく私地と規定されていた(これにより従来の公地公民の概念は否定されつつある)。
- Under the Ritsuryo system, kubunden were defined as private land, not public land (a fact that repudiated the existing concept of state ownership of both land and people).
- 公文書の成立の真否について疑いがあるときは、裁判所は、職権で、当該官庁又は公署に照会をすることができる。
- If there is any doubt about the authenticity of the creation of an official document, the court, by its own authority, may make an inquiry to the relevant government agency or public office concerned.
- 皇太后の経済支援により生活が救済された患者もいる一方、「予防」のための強制隔離が正当化された面も否めない。
- While the financial help from the Empress Teimei saved the lives of some patients, it is undeniable that the placement of patients into quarantine was justified by using the phrase, 'prevention.'
- 大山綱良らは新七に藩邸に同行するように求めたが新七はこれを拒否し、“同士討ち”の激しい斬りあいが始まった。
- Tsunayoshi OYAMA and some other members asked Shinshichi to come along with them, but Shinshichi refused, and an intense sword fight broke out between the comrades.
- また、こうした悪銭は良質な「精銭」とくらべ低価値に設定されたり、支払時に受け取り拒否されることが多かった。
- Also, the akusen was sometimes set to lower price compared to 'Seisen' (refined coins) of good quality, or often refused to be accepted.
- ただし、君が代の歌詞への反対意見や、教育現場での君が代斉唱反対運動は現在でも続き、賛否両論が対立している。
- However, there still exists pro and con opinions against the words of Kimigayo and opposition movements against the chorus reading of Kimigayo in the field of education.
- その弟子、許慎は『説文解字』を著して今文による文字解釈の妥当性を否定し、古文学の発展に大きく寄与している。
- His disciple, Kyoshin (Xu Shen), wrote 'Setsumon-kaiji' (Shuowen Jiezi) to deny the legitimacy of character interpretation based on Kinbun, and made a significant contribution to the development of Kobun learning.
- ただし、この味の変更は古くからのファンには受けが悪く、賛否両論である(食べやすくなったという女性も多い)。
- However, the change of taste was not welcomed by old fans, and opinions became divided (Many women say it became easier to eat).
- 百済から仏教が伝えられたとき、崇仏か否かの論争があったが、崇仏側の蘇我氏が勝ちを占め、飛鳥寺が建立された。
- When Buddhism was imported from Kudara, it caused a controversy whether to worship the Buddha or not, and the Soga family who advocated worship finally won out and they built the Asuka-dera Temple.
- 当初は帝室博物館(現在の東京国立博物館)に収集品を寄贈しようと考えていたが、寄贈は博物館側から拒否された。
- At first, he was thinking about donating his collections to the Imperial Museum, but the museum refused the donation.
- はじめ御許丸(おもとまる)と呼ばれた太皇太后宮昌子内親王付きの女房だったらしいが、それを否定する論もある。
- She was said to be one of the ladies-in-waiting in attendance on Empress Shoshi (also read as Masako) and to have been called Omotomaru at first, but there are also theories that contradict this assertion.
- 明治政府は最後まで体面上悪貨鋳造の事実を認めることを拒否したが、複数の藩が贋貨を鋳造していた事実を認めた。
- The Meiji Government refused to admit the fact that they coined bad money until the end for the sake of appearance, but they did admit the fact that several domains had coined counterfeit money.
- これは権力に対する独立・中立性の放棄であり、寺社側が拒否したのも「無縁」の思想からすれば当然のことである。
- This was equal to the abandonment of independency and neutrality against authority, so that it is natural that the temples and shrines rejected these requests with the idea of 'Muen.'
- 前項の場合においては、相手方の否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人に対する訴訟費用請求権は、財団債権とする。
- In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the opponent's claim for court costs against a supervisor empowered to avoid or a trustee shall be a claim on the estate.
- 再生債務者が第百一条第五項又は第百三条第三項の規定により裁判所が定めた期限までに認否書を提出しなかった場合
- Where the rehabilitation debtor has not submitted a statement of approval or disapproval by the time limit set by the court pursuant to the provisions of Article 101(5) or Article 103(3).
- 1582年、本能寺の変が起きて光秀が信長を殺すと、その与力という関係から協調行動を勧誘されるが、順慶は拒否。
- When Mitsuhide murdered Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Junkei was induced by Mitsuhide to cooperate because Junkei had been Mitsuhide's Yoriki, however, he rejected it.
- 否定的な意見の根拠としては、次の例などがあり、合気道をそのまま一般的な護身術として考えることに疑義を呈する。
- Reasons for the negative opinions include the following, questioning the idea of considering aikido as a common art of self-defense.
- 現在、50~60代以上の高年齢層限定のジャンルという認識が強いのは否めず、若い世代のファンが圧倒的に少ない。
- It is undeniable that the genre is now strongly recognized as the one for only old generations in their 50s to 60s, and younger generation fans are far outnumbered.
- ただ旧来、正徳の治のその後を担った吉宗によって正徳の治の内容は否定されたといわれるが、必ずしもそうではない。
- However, it has been said that Yoshimune who took over the reform after Shotoku no chi denied the contents of Shotoku no chi, but this is not necessarily true.
- 抵当不動産の停止条件付第三取得者は、その停止条件の成否が未定である間は、抵当権消滅請求をすることができない。
- A third party acquirer of Mortgaged Immovable Properties that is subject to a condition precedent may not make a claim for the extinction of a mortgage whilst whether or not the condition precedent is satisfied is still undetermined.
- 『軍鑑』は明治期の史学会において田中義成により史料性を否定され、長く実証的研究においては用いられてこなかった。
- However, 'Gunkan' was not used for empirical research for a long time because its value as historical records was denied by Yoshinari TANAKA during the Meiji period.
- これによって座の特定は否認されたが、反対に領主と結びついた特定の御用商人による支配が確立するきっかけとなった。
- As a result of this, privileges of za were denied, but this triggered the establishment of the control of specific goyo-shonin (chartered merchants) tied to feudal lords.
- この「女系」(血筋)と「女性」(性別)との二重の否定が、結果的に両者を混同させる一因になっているともいえよう。
- The way to deny Imperial succession of both a female and the Emperor of the female lineage may have caused the confusion to understand the meaning of two different concepts of these words.
- 軍隊組織において、制服を始めとして、下着まで統一することで個性を否定して規律を維持する必要があったからである。
- Because it was required to reject each personality and maintain discipline by unifying not only the uniforms but also the undergarments in the armed forces' organization.
- 30歳を超えて茶を志したという紹鴎と茶話を交わしたとすればこれまた百歳翁ということになり、不自然さは否めない。
- If he chatted over tea with Joo, who determined to learn tea ceremony when he was over 30; it means he was a centenarian and there's no denying that it is unnatural.
- 日本の文人については中国との社会制度の違いから、その定義が極めて難しく、厳密に言えばその存在を否定しかねない。
- It is very difficult to define Bunjin in Japan because of the difference in social system between China and Japan, and strictly speaking, its existence might be denied in Japan.
- 弾劾は木戸との全面衝突を望まない西郷や大久保の反対で否決されたものの新政府は西郷派と木戸派に分裂しつつあった。
- Although the above impeachment was denied by Saigo and Okubo who didn't want to clash with Kido, the new government was on the verge of being split into the Saigo group and Kido group.
- しかし、秀吉はこれを拒否して「五国割譲と城主・清水宗治の切腹」を要求したため、交渉はいったん物別れに終わった。
- But Hideyoshi declined it and demanded 'the cession of the five countries and the seppuku of Muneharu SHIMIZU,' which failed to produce an agreement.
- 登記官は、前項の否認の登記に係る権利に関する登記をするときは、職権で、次に掲げる登記を抹消しなければならない。
- A registrar, when making a registration on a right pertaining to the registration of avoidance set forth in the preceding paragraph, by his/her own authority, shall cancel the following registrations:
- 当該個人の採用又は再雇用の契約の成否に関する訴え又は申立て(いずれも損害の賠償を求めるものを除く。)である場合
- An action or petition regarding the existence or nonexistence of the contract for the employment or re-employment of the individual (excluding those seeking compensation for damages.);
- 江戸幕府でも公事方御定書において自力救済を否定しつつ、武士の家の倫理を強制する立場から敵討と妻敵討は例外とした。
- The Edo bakufu disapproved self-help on one hand, but on the other hand, from the standpoint of enforcing the ethics of samurai families, it excluded Katakiuchi (revenge) and megataki uchi (revenge on the adulterer).
- 翌年、後醍醐天皇は隠岐国に流されるが退位を拒否し、光厳天皇と並立したため、広義にはこの時代より南北朝時代と呼ぶ。
- In the following year, Emperor Godaigo was sentenced to deportation to Oki Province, however he refused to abdicate and stood side by side with Emperor Kogon, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started from that time.
- 当初は順調であったが、凶作による米の値上がりを見込んで商人らが米を隠匿するなどして藩札による買い上げを拒否した。
- Although han bills worked well at first, merchants expected the price of rice to go up because of famine, so they concealed rice and refused to trade it for han bills.
- 職事公卿は改めて1通ずつ読み上げ、天皇はその1つ1つに裁可を与えるか否か、あるいは先例を勘申させるかを勅裁した。
- Shikiji-kugyo (high-ranked nobles engaged in submission of reports to the Emperor) would read aloud each sobun (a report to the Emperor) one by one, to which the Emperor gave his decision to approve them or not, or to request for a report from specialists concerning relevant precedents.
- しかし萩口を命じられた薩摩藩は、土佐藩の坂本龍馬を仲介とした薩長盟約で密かに長州と結びついており出兵を拒否する。
- However, the Satsuma clan, which was ordered to attack Choshu from the Hagi-kuchi route, had formed a secret alliance with Choshu (Saccho meiyaku [pact between Satsuma and Choshu]) through the mediation of Ryoma SAKAMOTO of Tosa Domain and refused to dispatch the troops.
- また、承久の乱以後の朝廷の衰退は皇位継承を巡る自己解決能力をも失わせ、結果的に幕府を否応無しに巻き込む事になった。
- Also fall of the Imperial Court after the Jokyu Rebellion resulted in losing its ability to solve the imperial succession crisis and consequently it entangled the bakufu without any choice.
- しかし、7世紀後期に形成していった律令制は、官僚制を原則としており、ある氏族が特定の官職を世襲することを否定した。
- The ritsuryo codes formed in the late 7th century, however, were based on the bureaucracy system and were against the idea of certain clans inheriting specific government posts.
- しかし、宋の天下が安定した仁宗 (宋)期になると、唐末の古文復興運動が共感され、漢唐時代は否定されるようになった。
- However, when Song stabilized during the Jinso (Renzong) period, the old text revival movement at the end of Tang raised sympathy, and the Han and Tang era began being denied.
- しかし民俗学者・柳田國男はこの説を否定し、化け物が「咬もうぞ」と言いながら現れることが起因するとの説を唱えている。
- However, this theory is denied by a folklorist named Kunio YANAGIDA, who stated the theory in which the terms originated from the monster appearing as it said 'I'm going to bite you' ('kamo-zo' in Japanese, which developed into the above-mentioned terms under the influence of dialect, etc.).
- しかし、康光を始めとする今川家を裏切った戸田一族は今川家に滅ぼされており、否定したという戸田家の人物は不明である。
- However, it is not known who denied the accusation as the IMAGAWA family executed the entire TODA family, including Yasumitsu TODA who was believed to have been the betrayer.
- 近世では、徳川光圀は『大日本史』において資料としているが、明治の東京大学教授・久米邦武は資料的価値を否定している。
- In the early-modern period, Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA used it as a source for his book 'Dai Nihonshi,' but Kunitake KUME, a professor at the University of Tokyo during the Meiji era, denied its value as a source.
- 明は諸外国の国王名義の表文を持参した国家に対してのみ勘合貿易(朝貢貿易)を認め、それが無い場合には貿易を拒否した。
- The Ming Dynasty permitted tally trade only to the countries which brought a Johyobun with King's signature on it to Ming but otherwise refused to trade with.
- 第十三条第一項の認定の有効期間が経過したとき(第十七条第四項に規定する場合にあっては、更新拒否処分がされたとき)。
- In the case where the validity of certification provided in para. (1) of Art.cl13 has expired (in the case prescribed para. (4) of Article 17, when the renewal is refused)
- In the case where the validity of certification provided in para. (1) of Articl13 has expired (in the case prescribed para. (4) of Article 17, when the renewal is refused)
- しかし、足立郡郡司武蔵武芝は武蔵では正官の国司赴任以前には検注が行われない慣例になっていたことから、検注を拒否する。
- However, MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the local magistrate of Adachi County, refused the Gon-no-kami's land survey because Adachi County had decided not to conduct the survey in the customary way unless the official Governor arrived in the county.
- さらに、管領細川持之が土倉から賄賂一千貫を貰って保護の為に、出兵命令を出したという事実を知った守護大名は出兵を拒否。
- Besides, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) who had learned that kanrei (shogunal deputy) Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA ordered that troops be dispatched to protect the doso in exchange for 1,000 kan bribe from the doso, blocked the dispatch of the troops.
- しかし、関東武士層を権力基盤とする頼朝は、軍事貴族としての地位を否定し、鎌倉殿という新たな武家棟梁の地位を確立した。
- Yoritomo, who was basing his power in the samurai class in Kanto, rejected the military aristocrat position and established a new samurai leader position as Kamakura-dono (lord of Kamakura).
- 江戸城内では武家の習いで将軍の正室を「御台様(みだいさま)」と呼んでいたが、親子はこれを拒否し「和宮様」と呼ばせた。
- Inside the Edo castle, due to tradition, the shogun's wife was called 'Midaisama,' however Chikako refused to be called that, she made others call her 'Kazunomiya sama' instead.
- 派がどの程度の位置を占めるか(たとえば免状の発行権を持つか否か)はそれぞれの分野によって千差万別であるといっていい。
- It can be said that what status (for example, authorized to issue a license) each ha can occupy varies widely depending on the field to which it belongs.
- しかし、評の設置はそのような独自支配体制を否定し、豪族の地方支配を天皇による一元的な支配体制に組み込むものであった。
- Establishment of koori, however, denied such an independent ruling system of gozoku families, and was aimed at absorbing local ruling by gozoku families into one unified ruling by the emperor.
- 松平春嶽が容堂に助け船を出し、慶喜の出席を重ねて求めたが、岩倉や大久保利通は徳川家の罪状を並べてこれを断然拒否する。
- Shungaku MATSUDAIRA rescued Yodo from asking again for the attendance of Yoshinobu but Iwakura and Okubo strictly rejected by listing all sorts of Tokugawa Family's guilt.
- もう1つは攘夷論の否定を迫り「外国と並立」することを論じたことで一部の攘夷派もこれに同調する動きを見せたことである。
- And another is that Ito pressed the denial of joiron and stated to 'stand in line with foreign countries' so a part of joi-ha conformed to this.
- 朝鮮側はこの突然の条約締結の申し入れに驚き、最初は拒否したが、日本側の提示した条約に対する修正案を出すこととなった。
- Surprised by the sudden offer of conclusion of the treaty, Korea at first refused it, but they decided to propose an amendment to the treaty presented by the Japanese.
- 第百九十七条第一項第一号の場合を除き、証言拒絶の当否については、受訴裁判所が、当事者を審尋して、決定で、裁判をする。
- Except in the case referred to in Article 197(1)(i), with regard to whether or not a witness's refusal to testify is appropriate, the court in charge of the case shall make a judicial decision by an order, after interrogating the party(ies).
- 一部の出版物及び印刷物において、敬称を用いない三人称として「平成天皇」が用いられる事があるが、これには賛否両論がある。
- In some publications and printed matters, 'Heisei Tenno' (the Emperor Heisei) is used as the third person without using the title of honor and there are arguments for and against this.
- これに対して河内祥輔は3ヵ条の回答の冒頭に京攻めについて神仏の功徳のみを述べて義仲の功績を全否定していることを挙げる。
- On the other hand, Shosuke KOUCHI points out that Yoritomo attributed the success of the attack to the imperial capital solely to pious act of gods and buddhas and totally negated the contribution of Yoshinaka in the beginning of the reply consisting of three articles.
- 蔵元のなかには、あえて政府の監査と級別制度の中に序せられることを拒否し、「無鑑査」として流通させるところもあらわれた。
- Some sake brewers daringly refused to be bound by the government appraisal and classification system, and distributed sake as a type of good that was 'exempt from appraisal.'
- 内務大臣 (日本)に就任した原敬は衆議院議員選挙に小選挙区制を導入しようとするが、貴族院_(日本)の反対で否決された。
- Takashi HARA who took office as the Minister of Home Affairs sought to introduce a single-member constituency system to the election of members of the House of Representatives, but it was rejected due to the oppose of the House of Peers of Japan.
- 和同開珎の発行を天武天皇の時代まで遡るとする学説もあったが、後述の富本銭の大量発見によってこの説はほぼ否定されている。
- The theory, Wado-kaichin coins were issued all the way back in the era of Emperor Tenmu, was pretty much denied due to the discovery of a large amount of Fuhonsen coins, mentioned later.
- 憲政党の第1次大隈内閣、立憲政友会の第4次伊藤内閣に際しては政府提出法案の否決などで倒閣運動の主導的な役目を果たした。
- At the time of the first OKUMA Cabinet based on Kensei-to Party and the fourth ITO Cabinet based on Rikkenseiyu-kai Party, they played a leading role in the movement to overthrowthe cabinets by denying bills submitted by the governments.
- このふたつの党派は当時の政治や社会の現状を認めるか否かによって分かたれた集団であって、思想的な差異によるものではない。
- The two factions were split by differing opinions on whether or not to approve the politics and the state of society of the time, and not formed by ideologies.
- その観点からであれば、墾田永年私財法は、律令を否定するものというより、律令の法目的を補強するものだったとの見方もある。
- It may be said from this standpoint that there is a view that rather than denying the Ritsuryo Codes, the Konden Einen Shizai Law was reinforcing the aim of the law of the Ritsuryo Codes.
- 大正政変後、公家出身の西園寺は大正天皇から望まれていた第3次桂内閣への協力を拒否した政治的責任を取って辞表を提出した。
- After Taisho Coup, Saionji, who was originally from court noble, took political responsibility and resigned office because he had refused Emperor Taisho's request to support the Third Katsura Cabinet.
- 委託者資産の返還、委託者の指示の遵守その他の委託者に対する債務の全部又は一部の履行を拒否し、又は不当に遅延させること。
- refusing or delaying unjustly the return of Customer Assets, observing customer's instructions, or executing the whole or part of the debts to customers;
- 否認の請求を認容する決定に不服がある者は、その送達を受けた日から一月の不変期間内に、異議の訴えを提起することができる。
- A person who disagrees with an order upholding a request for avoidance may file an action to oppose within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which the person received the service of the order.
- A person who disagrees with an order to uphold a request for avoidance may file an action to oppose within an unextendable period of one month after the day on which the person received the service of the order.
- 不入の権(ふにゅうのけん)とは、荘園などが国衙からの使者(検田使・収納使・四度使など)の立入を拒否することが出来る権利。
- Funyu no ken is the right of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) to decline the entry of messengers (Kendenshi, Shunoshi, Shidoshi, etc.) from the Kokuga (provincial government offices)
- さらに銭玄同は六経は周公と無関係であるばかりでなく孔子とも無関係である論じ、孔子と六経の関係は完全に否定されるに到った。
- Additionally, Sen Gendo argued that Rikkei was not only unrelated to the Duke of Zhou, but was also unrelated to Koshi as well, and the relationship between Koshi and Rikkei was entirely denied.
- しかし1958年(昭和33年)には早くも空手の試合化を否定する廣西元信たちが戦前からの松濤会を復活させ、独立していった。
- In 1958, Motonobu HIRONISHI and others, who were opposed to karate tournaments, reconstructed the Shotokai school, which had existed prior to WWII, and parted company with the JAS.
- 敗戦後は戦中にピークに達した社会的重圧を「軍国的」「封建的」の概念で否定するようになり、家紋はその表象のひとつとされた。
- After defeat in World War II, social pressure, which peaked during the war, was denied as 'militaristic' and 'feudalistic,' and Kamon was seen as one of the fostering symbols.
- ところが、明応6年(1497年)頃に守護代長尾氏が越後の国政を掌握すると、天王寺苧座の購入独占権が否定されるようになる。
- However, when the Nagao clan, which assumed 'Shugodai' (deputy of 'Shugo' [provincial constable]) of Echigo Province, gained control of the province administration around 1497, the clan did not permit Tennoji so-za the exclusive aoso-purchasing right.
- また、転封法度に未進や借り物の棄破等の文言があった為、土地の売買証文の中には徳政拒否文言が早い段階で記されるようになる。
- The Tenpo Hatto (The laws for changing the territory) had the words about nonpayment of tribute and the loss or damage of a borrowed thing, so land sales contracts came to contain the words to reject debt cancellation orders at an early stage.
- これについては、公家領や寺社領に関する訴訟を扱ってきた公家社会が年紀法自体に否定的な姿勢を示していたとする考え方もある。
- Some think this shows that the Court noble society, which handled the lawsuits about the territories of the Court nobles, temples and shrines, had a negative attitude against the Nenkiho itself.
- この成果を得て勝家は盛政に撤退の命令を下したが、再三の命令にもかかわらず盛政はこれを拒否、大岩山などに軍勢を置き続けた。
- Having accomplished these feats, Katsuie now ordered Morimasa to retreat, but Morimasa refused and maintained his forces at places including Mt. Oiwa, defying repeated orders by Katsuie.
- 斡旋案に対し根来衆の間では賛否分かれたが、反対派は夜中に応其の宿舎に鉄砲を撃ちかけ、このため応其は急いで京都に向かった。
- Negoro shu brought on active debate over its pros and cons, but the opposing group shot down the lodgment of Ogo by gun during the night, and as a result, Ogo quickly went to Kyoto.
- 転得者が無償行為又はこれと同視すべき有償行為によって転得した場合において、それぞれその前者に対して否認の原因があるとき。
- Where the subsequent acquirers acquired the subject matter by any gratuitous act or by any onerous act that should be deemed to be equal to such an act, and there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors.
- 次に掲げる行為(担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為を除く。)は、破産手続開始後、破産財団のために否認することができる。
- The following acts (excluding acts concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt) may be avoided in the interest of the bankruptcy estate after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings:
- 伝来の新田氏系図を進上するよう求められたがこれを拒否し、上野国新田郡田嶋郷内120石の禄を与えられ交代寄合として存続した。
- The Iwamatsu clan was requested to present its traditional family tree of the Nitta clan, however, it refused the request, and was awarded 120 koku in Tajima-go, Nitta District, Kozuke Province, and survived as a kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period).
- そのため、1950年(昭和25年)には住民投票で舞鶴市を再び東西に分割する案が成立するが、京都府によって否決されて終った。
- In 1950, in response to these sentiments, a plan to divide Maizuru city into two was adopted in a referendum, but was rejected by Kyoto Prefecture.
- 戦国時代_(日本)には幕府による権限は否定され、代わりに戦国大名が守護・国主の権限の一環としてこれを付与するようになった。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), this privilege which had been granted by the bakufu was denied and instead daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) in the Sengoku Period came to give it to their shugo and kokushu (landed daimyo) as part of their rights.
- 至本は貿易の成否に関わらず、帰国時に現金5000貫文を納めることを約して、予定通り翌康永元年(1342年)8月に元へ渡航。
- Shihon promised to offer 5,000 kanmon regardless of the outcome of the trading, and sailed to Yuan in September 1342 as scheduled.
- 空手の競技化(試合化)は戦前から試みられていたが、試合化そのものを否定する考えもあり、組織的な競技化は実現していなかった。
- Although attempts to introduce karate tournaments (matches) were pursued before WWII, an organizational effort to promote tournaments wasn't achieved because some karate experts rejected the idea of a tournament.
- 戦後は、褌の着用を強制されていたことでの反発から旧軍隊の遺物の象徴のような存在として否定的なとらえ方をされるようになった。
- After the war, fundoshi came to be looked upon negatively as an existence just like a symbol of what the former army left behind, from the antipathy toward having been forced to wear it.
- 基本的には、収縮課目であるか否かで乗蘭と燕尾服の使用が分かれるような慣習があり、収縮課目では燕尾服とするのが一般的である。
- The dress code is basically different with classes; the tailcoat is required in the top class competitions and the evening dress is required in the other competitions.
- しかし、7世紀の壬申の乱からみて時代が下ることは否定できず、また、数の多さは部分的には『扶桑略記』の影響力の産物でもある。
- However, it cannot be denied that the Heian period was centuries after the Jinshin War in the 7th century, and a large quantity of such descriptions can be partly attributed to 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan).
- このため、先行した将門の動きが尚範の親族であった純友に何らかの心理的影響を与えた可能性までは否定できないという考えもある。
- Some people believe that the incident caused by Masakado, as previously described, may have had some psychological effect on Sumitomo, as the relative of Hisanori.
- 皐月はそれまで度々実家に葉書を送って安否を知らせていたが、このときは一ヶ月間葉書をよこさなかったと皐月の娘は述懐している。
- Kogetsu often sent postcards to his house to notify his family of his safety, but his daughter remembers that Kogetsu did not send any postcards for a month during this time.
- これらの原因が、白居易の『新豊折臂翁』に謡われる兵役を逃れるために自らの臂を折った翁のように、兵役拒否を生むことになった。
- These factors caused people to refuse to go into military service, just like the old man described in Juyi BAI's 'Shinpo Seppio' (old man with a broken arm in Shinpo), who broke his own arm in order to avoid his military service.
- 旧来地域の様々な問題を自治的に解決してきた町村を否定して、代わりに中央の命令の伝達と施行しかしない機関を設けたからである。
- It is because the government undervalued the villages and towns which had resolved various regional issues autonomously for a long period of time, but instead established an administrative body which did nothing but relay and enforce the orders of the central government.
- 破産管財人は、一般調査期間前の裁判所の定める期限までに、前二項の規定により作成した認否書を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
- A bankruptcy trustee shall submit a statement of approval or disapproval prepared pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs by the time limit set by the court prior to the ordinary period for investigation.
- ※かつて朝鮮説があり、韓国語の「ワッソ」(来た)からきたものだという説もあったが、国語学者の研究により完全に否定されている。
- * Once there was a Korean theory arguing that it derived from a Korean word 'wasso (came),' but this was absolutely denied by a study performed by a Japanese Language scholar.
- 政治と宗教の関係が密接であった当時の事情から『日本書紀』の記述が、厭勝銭に関する規定として置かれた可能性も否定できないこと。
- Considering the close relationship between politics and religion at the time, it is still possible that the description of 'Nihonshoki' was written as regulation of incantation coin.
- だが、イギリスからイギリス軍人を司令官とする艦隊を清の海軍とするよう提案されたのを拒否し、近代海軍の設立は再び先送りされた。
- However, the dynasty refused the suggestion from Britain that it should establish a Chinese navy fleet that would employ a British military officer as the commander, and the establishment of modern navy was again postponed.
- 朝田らは早速、左京区内の文化厚生会館内に設置されていた府連書記局の明け渡しを要求したが、三木らはこれを拒否、物別れに終わる。
- Asada and other members immediately asked Miki and others to move out of the Kyoto Federation secretariat located in the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City but they refused and their talk broke down.
- しかし最初の生類憐みの令が出された時期に、まだ隆光は江戸に入っていなかったため、現在では隆光の関与を否定する説が有力である。
- However, as Ryuko had still not arrived in Edo by the time the law was issued, the theory that denies his involvement is more convincing.
- ところが、菟餓野(とがの、兵庫県神戸市灘区の都賀川流域か)で反乱の成否を占う狩を行った際、坂皇子がイノシシに襲われて薨去した。
- However, Imperial Prince Kagosaka met with his demise by the attack of a wild boar during hunting for predicting his success in the rebellion at Togano (this location is possibly the present Toga river basin in Nada Ward, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 直木は後に仮託説を捨てたが、仮託というアイデアは、直系・嫡系皇位継承法説からも、これを否定する立場からも引き続き参考にされた。
- NAOKI, later discarded the pretext theory, but the idea of pretext was succeeded by the supporters of the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory, as well as, those who denied the theory.
- 新国家の樹立とも言えるが、将門は京都の天皇(当時は朱雀天皇)を「本皇」と呼ぶなど、天皇の権威を完全に否定したわけではなかった。
- It can be said that a new country was established, but Masakado, like calling the Emperor in Kyoto (at that time was Emperor Suzaku) 'Honno,' didn't completely deny the authority of the Emperor.
- 反面、通信使の往来路であると否とにかかわらず、武蔵・相模以西の東海道・畿内・西国の農民には労役の提供や費用の負担が求められた。
- On the other hand, regardless of the route Tsushinshi took, it was requested for farmers in the Tokaido, Kinai, Saigoku regions located to the west of the Musashi and Sagami Provinces to provide physical labor and to bear costs.
- 至本は貿易の成否に関わらず、帰国時に現金5000貫文を納めることを約し、予定の通り翌康永元年(1342年)8月に元へ渡航した。
- Shihon was promised 5000 kanmon (approximately 50,000 yen) on his return regardless of the outcome of trade; he sailed to Yuan in September 1342, the following year, as scheduled.
- その際、上記の建て替え予算案を提出する用意があり、吉田寮が立て替えを受諾するか否か、その回答期限が10月23日であると告げる。
- In these meeting, they informed that the student center was prepared to submit the budget for reconstruction, and requested Yoshida dormitory to reply by October 23 whether or not it would accept the reconstruction.
- 室町幕府によって保証されていた古い権威が否定され始め、新興の実力者が新しい権力階級にのし上がり領国を統治していくこととなった。
- Old authorities that had been backed up by the Muromachi bakufu began to be negated and emerging powerful persons rose to new establishment and governed territories.
- 鋳造された丁銀の銀品位が正しいか否かを検査するため、常是手代立会いの下、鉛を加えて吹き戻され灰吹法により含有銀量が改められた。
- In order to confirm the silver quality of the minted Chogin coins, lead was added for reminting, with jouze-tedai (assistant manager) standing as witness, with the cupellation method to alter silver content.
- 次に掲げる行為(担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為を除く。)は、再生手続開始後、再生債務者財産のために否認することができる。
- The following acts (excluding acts concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt) may be avoided in the interest of the rehabilitation debtor's assets after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings:
- 塩による遺恨説は、飛び地の領土に気付かずに吉良の領土に塩田があったとしてしまったものであり、今日では「塩田説」は否定されている。
- The 'salt pan theory' is no longer accepted, since it was created without knowing there was an outland territory and stated that the salt pan was in Kira's territory.
- 1893年 サンフランシスコ教育委員会、日系人子弟の公立学校への入学を拒否する決議を採択(サンフランシスコ日本人学童隔離事件)。
- In 1893, the San Francisco Board of Education adopted a resolution to allow public schools to refuse admission to Japanese children (San Francisco Japanese Children Segregation).
- 15日には淀殿が人質として江戸に行く替わりに、篭城浪人の為の加増を条件とした和議案が豊臣方より出されるが、家康はこれを拒否する。
- On 15th the Toyotomi side showed a proposal of compromise with a condition that in return for Yodo-dono going to Edo as a hostage, Toyotomi's rokudaka (amount of rokudaka [salary]) should be raised for the ronin in the castle, which Ieyasu refused (the old calendar).
- 京都府議会は「京都北部の中心都市としてだけでなく、府下の唯一の大港湾都市建設に万進すべき」との決議を採択し、東西分離案を否決した。
- However, the Kyoto Prefecture assembly vetoed the motion, adopting the resolution that '(Maizuru should) be prosperous not only as a central city of northern Kyoto but also as a large port city in Kyoto Prefecture.'
- また、細部において、和談自体の存在を否定する者、和談は実施されたが次代の皇太子については合意に達しなかったとする者が並立している。
- In addition, in details, some believe that the Compromise itself did not exist, and others believe that an agreement was not reached on the next heir to the throne despite negotiations.
- ただし、日本のそば切りの発祥は歴史の節にて宝永3年(1706年)より古い文献も示されているため、本山そば説が否定されることもある。
- As to the birth of sobakiri in Japan, however, since there is a historical document predating 1706, some contradict the opinion that Motoyama soba was original.
- 賛否両論あったが、クラブの収入構造を変えていく為にはやむを得ないという説明が、シーズン前のサポーターカンファレンスの中でなされた。
- Although there were arguments for and against it, the club explained that the raise was necessary to change the income structure of the club from now on in the Supporters Conference before the season.
- 伝称筆者は、『継色紙』が小野道風、『寸松庵色紙』が紀貫之、『升色紙』が藤原行成とされてきたが、今日では否定され、筆者は不明である。
- The 'Tsugi-shikishi' has been attributed to ONO no Michikaze, KI no Tsurayuki for the 'Sunshoan Shikishi' to KI no Tsurayuki, and the 'Masu-shikishi' to FUJIWARA no Yukinari, but these are all refuted today and the authors remain unknown.
- 天気が悪い日などは休業するため、ガイドブックに電話番号を公開してある場合はこの携帯電話に営業するか否かを問い合わせることができる。
- Since bad weather can severely impact a street stall's operation, some vendors have their cell numbers published in a guide book; in this case, customers can call the vendor and confirm stall availability.
- 彼ら皇族・臣下は『日本書紀』の想定読者でもあるので、よく知られた事実を否定するような操作は難しかったのではないかという指摘もある。
- Since the imperial family and vassals were expected to read 'Chronicles of Japan,' some pointed out that it seemed difficult for the compilers to deny well-known facts.
- 百姓等領民にとって転封は、領主の交替により、それまでに獲得してきた諸権利を否定される可能性もある為、反対一揆を起こすこともあった。
- For the people including peasants, Tenpo meant what the rights they had acquired before would be denied due to the changes of their feudal lords, so the people sometimes staged opposition uprisings.
- ただし実務上は帝国議会が可決した法律案に天皇、行政部が拒否権を行使したことは一度もなく基本的には帝国議会が唯一の立法機関であった。
- But, in fact, the emperor and the administrative department had never used their veto to reject law bills adopted by the Imperial Diet, so practically the Imperial Diet was the only one legislative organ.
- 吾妻鏡の記事中では、鎌倉入りの前に事前調査させた泰時によって「謀反の噂は事実ではなく、騒ぎ立てるな」と伊賀氏謀反は否定されている。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is stated that Yasutoki HOJO had investigated on the matter before entering the capital of Kamakura, and denied the rebellion of the Iga clan as 'an untrue rumor which should not be made a fuss about.'
- しかし知識人階級から六三法撤廃は台湾の特殊性の否定であるとの批判が出ると、台湾に議会設置を求める台湾議会設置請願運動が開始される。
- However, when intellectuals criticized this movement, saying that repealing Law No. 63 meant the denial of the special character of Taiwan, the new movement was initiated to call for the establishment of a parliament in Taiwan.
- 再生債権の評価においては、裁判所は、再生債権の評価の申立てに係る再生債権について、その債権の存否及び額又は担保不足見込額を定める。
- In the valuation of rehabilitation claim, the court shall determine the existence or nonexistence of the rehabilitation claim pertaining to a petition for valuation of rehabilitation claim and the amount thereof or estimated amount of deficiency.
- しかし、菟餓野(とがの、大阪市北区 (大阪市)兎我野町か)で反乱の成否を占う祈狩(うけいがり)の最中、イノシシに食い殺されたという。
- However, Imperial Prince Kagosaka was bitten to death by a wild boar during hunting in Togano (this location is possibly the present Togano-Cho, Kita Ward, Osaka City [Osaka City]) for Ukiegari (to predict one's fortune by the game of hunting).
- なお大乗仏教では、世間の衆生が「常」であると見るのを、まず否定し「無常」であるとしてから、仏や涅槃こそ真実の「常住」であると説いた。
- In addition, Mahayana Buddhism denied what mankind considered 'constant' and believe it to be 'mujo,' that only Buddha and nirvana are 'Joju' (actual existence) of truth.
- いっぽう産業振興よりも醸造技術の修得・向上が目的とされる全国新酒鑑評会は、賛否両論を浴びながらも現在に至るまで毎年春に行われている。
- On the other hand, Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, which aims for the learning and progress of brewing techniques rather than industrial development, has been held every spring until now in spite of arguments for and against it.
- これは摂関家にとっては不都合な事実であるが、慈円は事実関係そのものは否定せずに、天皇の認識不足を激しく責めて道長の忠節を称えている。
- This was an inconvenient fact for the clan (family) eligible for regency, and although Jien did not deny the relevance of the fact, he accused the Emperor of ignorance and honored Michinaga, remaining faithful to the Emperor.
- 近年、李栄薫らは李氏朝鮮時代の資料を調査し李氏朝鮮時代の末期に朝鮮経済が急速に崩壊したことを主張し、近代化萌芽論を強く否定している。
- Recently, Lee Yong-hoon studied materials from the Yi Dynasty Korea period, and stated that the Korean economy rapidly collapsed at the end of the Yi Dynasty Korea period, strongly denying the modernization germination theory.
- しかし弥生時代の開始年代を繰り上げる説に関連してこれを否定するか、あるいは殷から周への政変に関連付ける考えが検討されるようになった。
- However, in connection with a theory to moving up the beginning date of the Yayoi period, whether or not to reject the previous theory, or to relate a new date with political changes of the Yin Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty has been considered.
- 現在では「近江京」の条坊制の存在を否定する研究者までが「大津京」を用い、その概念や定義は極めて曖昧となり、研究に混乱をきたしている。
- Now, even historians who deny the existence of the street plan use the word 'Otsu-kyo,' making the concept and definition of the word blur very much, which confuses historical study.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には、各地の戦国大名が領国の一円知行を強めた結果、多様な主体が銘々に設置する関所は否定され、次第に減少していった。
- During the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the sengoku (warring) daimyo ruling the various parts of Japan intensified their complete proprietary control over their own domains, and as a result the barrier stations that had been erected by all the various influential players lost their significance, and gradually fell into decline.
- 裁判所による破産債権の調査は、次款の規定により、破産管財人が作成した認否書並びに破産債権者及び破産者の書面による異議に基づいてする。
- An investigation of bankruptcy claims by the court shall be conducted pursuant to the provisions of the following Subsection based on a statement of approval or disapproval prepared by a bankruptcy trustee as well as written objections made by bankruptcy creditors and by the bankrupt.
- 次節でみるように、天皇機関説においても、国家意思終局的決定権の意味での主権は天皇にあると考えられており、天皇の権限は否定されていない。
- As it is mentioned in the next clause, even in the Emperor Organ Theory, it is considered that the emperor has sovereign power with reference to a right to make a final decision on state's intentions, and the emperor's authority hasn't been denied.
- ただし、その本質は香りを聞き、日ごろの雑踏の外に身を置いて、静寂の中でその趣向を味わうことにあり、答えの成否、優劣を競うものではない。
- However, the essence is to listen to the incense, in order to escape to a world outside the bustle of daily activities, and to enjoy its style in silence, and there is no importance placed upon competition or about whether the answer is excellent one, or is correct or not.
- 朝廷は信長の希望を受け入れて勅使を送ったものの、本願寺は毛利氏の賛同が無いと応じられないとしてこれを事実上拒否したため交渉は決裂した。
- The Imperial Court accepted Nobunaga's request and sent an imperial envoy but Hongan-ji Temple virtually refused it, saying that it could not agree without Mori's approval, which led to the collapse of the negotiation.
- この場合、幕府より別途朱印状が発給されていることや、国絵図作成の際に分家・支藩領知を含むか否か、または、軍役の負担などが論点となった。
- In these cases, the points in dispute were whether the bakufu issued a shuinjo (vermilion-seal document of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure) to the branch family separately from the head family; whether the territory of branch families or domains should be included in the Domain Maps; or how the burden of military services should be allocated.
- 外国法人が初めて日本に事務所を設けたときは、その事務所の所在地において登記するまでは、第三者は、その法人の成立を否認することができる。
- When a foreign juridical person has established an office in Japan for the first time, a third party may deny the establishment of such juridical person until the registration has been completed at the location of such office.
- そのわだかまりは今でも残っているとされ、現在においても市長選挙や府議会議員選挙などにおいて、東と西の対立は否めないものがあるといわれる。
- People still seem to bear ill feelings against each other and there is said to be an undeniable East-West confrontation in elections for the mayor and prefectural assembly members.
- しかし準備期間が全くないまま唐突に発せられた点は否めず、解放された女性の転職、収入面の補償などのケアは個々の地方に任される状態であった。
- However, since it was announced abruptly with no preparation period, the Meiji Government had to have local governments deal with aftercare services for liberated women in pleasant quarters, particularly prostitutes, such as finding new jobs and compensating for their lost income.
- しかし、京都から来た幕府軍を徳川慶喜が率いていることを知り、慶喜に差し出した嘆願書の受け取りも拒否されて、自分達の志が潰えたことを悟る。
- However, when they learned that the army of bakufu from Kyoto was led by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and their petition was not accepted, they realized that their wish will never come true.
- 米蘭との交渉で鎖港を拒否された為、今度は10月31日(旧暦9月19日 (旧暦))に、米・英・仏・露の4カ国公使と会見しての説得を試みた。
- Since the exclusion of foreign ships from the Yokohama port was rejected by the U.S. and the Netherland, the bakufu tried to have a conference with the envoys of the U.S., Britain, France and Russia to persuade them to cooperate on October 31.
- また、浄土真宗では親鸞が「日の吉凶を選ぶことはよくない」と和讃に於いて説いたため、迷信、俗信一般を否定しており、特にタブーとされている。
- And in Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), Shinran preached in Wasan (Japanese hymns) that 'it is not good to choose the days' fortune,' and thus, in general, superstition or popular belief are denied and especially tabooed.
- ロシアとドイツはイギリスにも共同行動を提案したが、世論を理由に干渉を拒否し、アメリカもまた、日本に好意的だったが局外中立を崩さなかった。
- Although Russia and Germany asked for a coordinated intervention from the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom refused it based on opposing public opinions, whereas the United States of America did not break neutrality toward Japan although the U.S. was favorable to Japan.
- 再生債務者等は、債権届出期間内に届出があった再生債権について、その内容及び議決権についての認否を記載した認否書を作成しなければならない。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc. shall prepare a statement of approval or disapproval to state, with regard to each rehabilitation claim filed during the period for filing proofs of claims, his/her approval or disapproval of the content of such claim and the voting right.
- 条件付法律行為の各当事者は、条件の成否が未定である間は、条件が成就した場合にその法律行為から生ずべき相手方の利益を害することができない。
- Neither party to a juristic act which is subject to any condition may infringe the interests of the counterparty which should arise from such juristic act upon fulfillment of the condition while it is uncertain whether or not such condition has been fulfilled.
- 672年(天武天皇元年)6月に壬申の乱が起こったときには、父栗隈王とともに筑紫にいたが、弘文天皇側が軍兵を徴収する旨の要求を拒否している。
- He was in Tsukushi with his father Kurikuma no Okimi, when the Jinshin War happened in July, 672, and he denied the request of the Emperor Kobun side to conscribe soldiers in Tsukushi.
- 不改常典は、前代まで一般的だった群臣の協議と推戴という形式を否定し、後継者指名を天皇大権の一部とし、皇位継承抗争を絶とうとしたものである。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is elaborated with the purpose of denying the conventional form of succession practiced until the former dynasty through consultations and recommendations by a group of vassals, and establishing the right to the appointment of the successor within the emperor's authority, and consequently it tried to cut out the struggles related to imperial succession.
- 当時、民間には、天皇をめぐる各種の意見が生じたが、戦前、皇国史観のために被害を受けた津田左右吉なども天皇自体の存在は否定しないと言明した。
- Various opinions about the Emperor arose in between the people at that time, and even Sokichi TSUDA and others, who had suffered from Kokoku Shikan (Imperial view of Japanese history), declared not to deny the existence of the Emperor.
- 現在は一般に、警察が被疑者を真犯人か否か検証するために目撃者に被疑者の面相を確認させる行為(面通し)を指す俗語として用いられることが多い。
- Currently in general, when the police endeavor to identify if a suspect is actually a criminal, eye-witnesses act to verify the identity of suspects; the colloquial term 'Kubi jikken' is widely used when referring to a 'line up.'
- さらに、同時に幕府の介入によって摂関家当主による「合議制」による意思決定が義務付けられた事によって寧ろ逆に摂関政治は否定される事になった。
- On the other hand, due to the bakufu's intervention, the regency was in fact negated because the representatives of the regent's house at the time were required to use a 'council system' when making decisions.
- なぜならば、日本酒アルコール添加のように近代的な工程を加えないため、健全醗酵したか否かによって製成酒の質が直結的に決まってくるからである。
- The reason is that, as modern processes such as Japanese liquor alcohol addition are not included, whether natural fermentation or not determines directly the quality of seisei-shu (product sake).
- 明治日本の「文明」日本という自己表象に、西欧列強との同化願望があったことは否定できず、その点で差別主義的であったことは夙に指摘されている。
- It is not to be denied that Japan in Meiji period, which represented itself as being 'civilized', desired to assimilate into the powerful countries of Western Europe, and it has been pointed out that this attitude was discriminatory.
- 吉田は一時期否定された4世紀の日本府について金官加羅の主導性を認めつつ倭国の軍事的外交機関として認めており、他の研究者と一線を画している。
- Yoshida acknowledges that Mimana Nihon-fu in the fourth century was a military diplomatic institution though the leadership was held by Geumgwan Gaya, and by admitting this theory once denied, he draws a sharp contrast with other researchers.
- また、王朝交替説に対して全面的に批判を展開した前之園亮一も著書『古代王朝交替説批判』のなかで、万世一系の否定に果たした意義を評価している。
- Ryoichi MAENOSO, who totally criticized on the changes of dynasties theory, also evaluated the value of negating the unbroken imperial line in his book 'Kodai Ocho Kotaisetsu Hihan' (Criticism of the Theory on the Changes of Dynasties in the Ancient Times).
- 同校では、かねてより一部教員による「平和教育」が「偏向教育」か否かを巡ってPTAなどにおいて保守的な父母と進歩的な父母の対立が生じていた。
- Through the school's PTA, the conservative parents and progressive parents had already had friction over 'Peace Education' by some teachers, making an issue whether it was 'Ideologically Prejudiced Education' or not.
- 毛利方は清水宗治に対して救援の不可能なことと、秀吉に降伏するべきという旨を伝えたが、宗治は自分の命を城とともにしたいとしてこれを拒否する。
- Mori told Muneharu SHIMIZU that they were unable to rescue him and that he should surrender to Hideyoshi, but Muneharu refused to accept it, saying he would share his fate with the castle.
- そうした内情を知らされていなかった国民の多くはロシアから多額の賠償金を取ることができると踏んでいたが、ロシア側は賠償金の支払いを拒否する。
- Most of people who hadn't been informed of the circumstances expected to be able to get a large amount of reparations from Russia, but the Russian side refused to pay the reparations.
- また、井伊直澄・井伊直該・井伊直幸・井伊直亮・井伊直弼と5代6度(直該が2度、直孝が大老になったかどうかは賛否両論である)の大老に就いた。
- And, Tairo (chief minister) was assumed by the Ii clan six times for five generations such as Naozumi II, Naomori II, Naohide II, Naoaki II and Naosuke II (there are arguments for and against the theory that Naomori assumed Tairo twice, and Naotaka assumed Tairo).
- 公益認定の申請、第十一条第一項の変更の認定の申請又は第二十五条第一項の認可の申請に対する処分(行政手続法第七条の規定に基づく拒否を除く。)
- Application for the Public Interest Corporation Authorization, application for the authorization for change under paragraph 1 of Article 11 or disposition of the application for the approval under paragraph 1 of Article 25 (excluding the refusal pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the Administrative Procedure Act)
- 仮託説に対しては、多分に推測を重ねることによって導かれる直系・嫡系皇位継承説に、明文の史料を否定する力を与えるべきではないとする批判がある。
- Against the pretext theory, some historians criticize that this theory should not give a detrimental rational forte to the direct line succession theories and the legitimate child succession theories, both of which are developed largely based on successive suppositions, to negate the explicitly written historical materials.
- 同5年(484年)に清寧が崩御した後、皇太子の億計は身分を明かした大功を理由として弟の弘計に皇位(王位)を譲ろうとするが、弘計はこれを拒否。
- After Seinei passed away in 484, Crown Prince Oke tried to pass the Imperial Throne to his younger brother Oke for his great achievement of revealing their social status, but younger Oke refused it.
- 古代の蝦夷(えみし)は、本州東部とそれ以北に居住し、政治的・文化的に、日本やその支配下に入った地域への帰属や同化を拒否していた集団を指した。
- 'Emishi' in ancient times meant a group who lived in the eastern areas of Honshu and to the north, refusing to belong to or assimilate into Japan and regions under the control of the Japanese government, either politically or culturally.
- 1989年(平成元年)には森山真弓官房長官が総理大臣賜杯授与を行いたいと明言したが相撲協会が拒否しこの際には女性差別問題を含め議論を呼んだ。
- In 1989, although chief cabinet secretary Mayumi MORIYAMA expressed her intention to present the prime minister's cup on behalf of the prime minister on the dohyo, the Japan Sumo Association rejected her proposal, causing fierce debate on discrimination against women.
- 「衰亡のおそれ」あるか否かではなく、あくまでも無形文化財としての価値に基づき、重要なものを「重要無形文化財」に指定するという制度に変わった。
- The amendment of the law allowed important things to be designated as important intangible cultural properties based on their particularly high historical or artistic value, not on 'the possibility of the extinction'.
- 上で触れているように公使館区域には中国人クリスチャンも多く逃げ込んできており、彼らが籠城の上で多くの重要な役割を果たしたことは否定できない。
- Many Chinese Christians escaped into the legation area as mentioned before, and it cannot be denied that they played many important roles during the siege.
- それが(一揆当事者の意図とは関係なく)長州征伐から戊辰戦争にかけての薩長(新政府)優位の流れを間接的に生み出す役目を果たしたことは否めない。
- It cannot be denied that this disorder indirectly helped the Satsuma and Choshu Domains (which constituted the new government) gain momentum to establish their dominance over Japan during the period from the Choshu Expedition to the Boshin Civil War (regardless of the intention of the uprising participants).
- 明治政府の外交を柔弱と非難して、「条約励行・自主外交・対清強硬」を掲げて対等条約締結以外の一切の条約改正の拒否、内地雑居反対論などを掲げた。
- The Dai Nihon Kyokai condemned the Meiji government's diplomacy as weak-kneed, and under the slogans of 'the rigorous enforcement of the treaties,' 'an autonomous foreign policy,' and 'a hard-line stance against Qing,' it primarily advocated the refusal of all treaty revisions except for the conclusion of treaties on equal terms and opposition to mixed residence of foreigners and Japanese in Japan.
- この議定書は、列国協議のもとで清朝に拒否を一切認めない形で認められ、首都北京を占領された清朝(西太后・李鴻章)はこれを呑まざるを得なかった。
- This protocol was approved under the conferences between the Powers with no rejection of the Qing Dynasty accepted; the Dynasty (the Dowager Empress/Li Hongzhang) could not help but accept the protocol.
- 勧誘時の主張の多くが、根本原理自体が違う宗教団体とその信者への誹謗中傷及び科学と歴史の否定であり、主張全体を見ていくと理論的整合性に欠ける。
- Many of the insistences at the time of inducement are character assassination against a religious group whose basic principle itself is different and against its believers, and the denial of science and history; and the entirety of the insistences lacks in logical consistency.
- 内閣総理大臣は、前項の規定により登録を拒否したときは、遅滞なく、その理由を示して、その旨を登録の申請をした投資法人に通知しなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister has refused the registration pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he/she shall notify the Investment Corporation that applied for the registration to that effect by indicating the reason therefor without delay.
- 特に明徳4年(1393年)には幕府は土倉に対して年間6,000貫文の納付と引き換えに寺社等が持つ一切の支配権を否定して臨時課役の否認を認めた。
- Particularly in 1393 when, in return for an annual payment of 6,000 kanmon paid by doso to the bakufu, all control rights held by temples and shrines were negated and special taxes were repudiated.
- これは、小説家の安藤鶴夫が「たい焼きはしっぽまで餡が入っているのがおいしい」という趣旨の話を読売新聞に書いたところ、様々な賛否があったもので、
- The novelist Tsuruo ANDO, commented in the Yomiuri Newspaper that 'taiyaki tastes much better if the tail is filled with bean paste' and this attracted numerous responses.
- 下関条約の結果、清の朝鮮に対する宗主権は否定され、ここに東アジアの国際秩序であった冊封体制は終焉を迎えた(李氏朝鮮は大韓帝国として独立した)。
- As a result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China's sovereignty over Korea was renounced whereby the traditional tributary system which was the international order in East Asia came to an end (and the Yi Dynasty Korea attained independence as the Korean Empire).
- 金鐘寺は、天平5年(733年)、良弁によって建立された、という記述が『東大寺要録』にあるが、これについては現在、福山敏男の否定説が通説である。
- 'Todai-ji yoroku' (The Digest Record of Todai-ji Temple) says that Konshu-ji Temple was built by Roben in 733, but the negative theory advanced by Toshio FUKUYAMA has become popular now.
- これに対して三条以下は賛否を論ずることも無く無言で聞き入ったと『伊藤博文伝』には書かれているが、実際には大久保らの反感を買ったと言われている。
- According to the 'Hirobumi ITO Biography,' Sanjo and other listened silently without discussing pros and cons for this but in fact, it is said that they provoked Okubo and others antipathy.
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- 大戦後の1919年、パリ講和会議で利害が対立し、とりわけ、国際連盟規約起草における日本の人種的差別撤廃提案が否決されたことは禍根として残った。
- In 1919 after the world war, the interests of both parties clashed in the Paris Peace Conference, creating a problem for the future especially by the rejection of Japan's proposal for abolition of racial discrimination in the drafting of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
- 条件の成否が未定である間における当事者の権利義務は、一般の規定に従い、処分し、相続し、若しくは保存し、又はそのために担保を供することができる。
- While it is uncertain whether or not a condition has been fulfilled, the rights and obligations of the party concerned may be disposed of, inherited or preserved, or any security may be provided therefor, in accordance with the usual provisions of the law.
- 直系継承を主張しながらも、兄弟継承原理を否定しようとして作られたのではなく、皇族以外の母を持つ皇子を即位させるために作られたのだとする説もある。
- There is a theory arguing that although the code advocates direct line succession, it was not created with the purpose of denying the principle of brother to brother succession, but permitting the princes whose mother was not from the imperial family to take the throne.
- こうした変化に対応できた守護もしくは守護を放伐した守護代・国人らは、守護不入権などを否認して強力かつ一元的に領国を支配する戦国大名へと成長した。
- Denying various disadvantageous terms such as the right of shugo-funyu, shugo that had successfully coped with these changes, as well as shugo-dai and kokujin that had ousted shugo, grew into Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period [period of warring states]) controlling their territories strongly and uniformly.
- 雑役免田は定免田化されると給主の権利が強まり、官物の不輸や国使入部を拒否する不入権を獲得することで、給主の一円支配を認めた荘園に転化していった。
- The Jyomenden of Zoeki Menden strengthened the rights of the Kyunushi and led to the Funyuken (right to refusal of entry of Kokushi), or exemption of tax, changing into the overall control of the Kyunushu of Shoen.
- この会所の位置については、堀口捨己によって、常御所より表向き、観音殿と東求堂の間に位置するだろう、と推測されたが、この説を川上貢が否定している。
- Sutemi HORIGUCHI predicted that the position of this kaisho faced the front rather than Tsune no gosho and was located between Kannondono and Togudo, but Mitsugu KAWAKAMI denied this theory.
- 彼の、大東流合気柔術を骨子に創始した武術「武産合気 (植芝流)」が一般に広く普及(植芝は普及には否定的だったともいわれるが)した現代武道である。
- His martial art called 'Takemusu Aiki (Ueshiba school),' whose core techniques originated from Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu, spread to the public - though Ueshiba himself is said to have been unwilling to spread it - and evolved into the modern martial art called aikido.
- 例えば「~して下さい」という要求をする時も、「~してもらわしまへんやろか」(~してもらえはしませんでしょうか)のような遠回しな否定疑問を用いる。
- For example, in order to make a request for somebody to 'do something,' negative interrogatives by insinuation are used, such as '... shite morawashimahen yaroka' (... shite moraewashimasen deshoka, literally 'Won't you kindly do... ?').
- このように皇統は男系で連綿と継続されてきたが、近年、皇室に男子の誕生が長らくなかったことなどから、女系継承の容認の可否が議論の対象となっている。
- In this way, Imperial succession by a male Imperial member was passed from generation to generation, since there were no male successors born in the Imperial family for a while, there is a debate on whether or not to accept the Imperial succession by female Imperial members.
- しかし、上原勇作陸軍大臣が辞表を提出、陸軍は軍部大臣現役武官制を盾に後任陸相の推薦を拒否したため内閣は総辞職に追い込まれた(二個師団増設問題)。
- However, the Cabinet was forced to resign en masse because Yusaku UEHARA, the Minister of Army, submitted his resignation and the military refused to nominate an incoming Minister of Army by hiding behind a rule that only an active military officer could serve as Army or Navy Minister (the issue of building additional two divisions).
- 大教院の設置は仏教主導で行われた事もあり、増上寺の施設献納も自発的なものだったが、神道勢力が主導権を握りはじめると、献納を拒否する動きをみせた。
- Since the establishment of Daikyoin was led by the leadership of the Buddhist power, Zojo-ji Temple voluntarily offered to provide its facilities for Daikyoin at first, but once Shinto power began to take control of the administration of Daikyoin, Zojo-ji Temple tried to retract its initial proposal.
- こうした中で天皇も次第に伊藤の政策や方針を受け入れるようになり、以前は拒否反応を示していた宮中への欧米様式の儀礼導入にも反対しないようになった。
- Under such circumstance, the Emperor gradually accommodated Ito's policies and principles, for example, he no longer rejected the introduction of western protocols to the Imperial court which he would have shown negative response.
- また砲撃に対抗してこちらも砲撃したり、塙直之が蜂須賀至鎮に夜襲をしかけ戦果をあげたが(17日)、劣勢であることは否めず、和議に応ずることになる。
- In the exchanges of fire Naoyuki BAN achieved a good military result by attacking Yoshishige HACHISUKA at night (17th), however, the Toyotomi side, still being on the back foot, agreed to have peace negotiations (the old calendar).
- 否認の請求を認容する決定があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
- Where an order upholding a request for avoidance is made, the judicial order shall be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provision of the main clause of Article 10(3) shall not apply.
- Where an order to uphold a request for avoidance is made, the written order shall be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provision of the main clause of Article 10(3) shall not apply.
- 律令制下の五色の賤との歴史的連続性については、ほぼ否定されているが、江戸時代の近世部落との連続性は、現在、歴史研究の主要な議論テーマとなっている。
- Connections between these people and the five lowly castes of the ritsuryo system were mostly denied, but connections of these people with buraku in early-modern times during the Edo period has become a major theme of historical research.
- しかしながら、主として軍事的な理由においてソウル特別市まで上る事を朝鮮側から拒否され、釜山広域市に貿易目的で設立された倭館で返礼の儀式が行われた。
- However, the Korean side did not permit the envoy to come up to Seoul Special City mainly for military reasons, and a ceremony for the return call was held at Wakan (consular office) in Pusan Metropolitan City.
- これは茶の湯が停滞していた状況にあって、進取の気風をもった堺衆が既存の権威を否定することで茶の湯を刷新しようとしていたものと読み取ることができる。
- This can be interpreted as people in Sakai of enterprising spirit were trying to innovate the Way of Tea by denying the established authority in times of its stagnation.
- 4月下旬に始まった帝国議会において、ロンドン海軍軍縮会議締結に対し、軍令部が要求していた、補助艦の対米比7割に満たないとして条約締結拒否を言った。
- The Army demanded to reject the conclusion of the treaty of London Naval Conference on Disarmament at the Imperial Diet opened in the late April, because the proportion of the auxiliary ships unreached to 70 percent comparing to that of the United States.
- 会員総会の議事は、この法律又は定款に特別の定めがある場合を除いて、出席した会員の議決権の過半数で決し、可否同数のときは、議長の決するところによる。
- Decisions at a general meeting of members shall, except when special provisions exist in this Act or the articles of incorporation, be made by a majority vote of the members present and by the chairperson in the event of a tie.
- 斯波義将は義満の没後も将軍足利義持を補佐し、朝廷から義満に対する太上天皇の尊号を追号する事を拒否したり、勘合貿易の廃止を提言するなど影響力を持った。
- Yoshimasa SHIBA assisted the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA even after the death of Yoshimitsu, and he was so influential that he declined to accept the offer by the Imperial Court to give the posthumous title of Emperor Daijo (a Japanese Emperor who abdicated in favor of a successor) to Yoshimitsu and offered suggestions to abolish the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty).
- 経基は興世王と武芝と将門が共謀して謀反を謀っていると訴え、将門の主人の太政大臣藤原忠平が事の実否を調べることにし、御教書を下して使者を東国へ送った。
- Accepting the complaints of appeal by Tsunemoto that Prince Okiyo, Takeshiba and Masakado were plotting a rebellion in conspiracy, Daijo daijin (Grand Minister of State) FUJIWARA no Tadahira, Masakado's lord, sent an envoy to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) after issuing a migyosho (documents for informing of decisions made by third or upper ranked authorities) to investigate whether the complaints were true.
- また同書では当初から兄・天智天皇の皇太弟であると記されているが、弘文天皇の立太子の事実を否定し天皇の皇位継承を正当化する意図があるとする意見もある。
- The 'Nihonshoki' describes that he was the Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor so is heir apparent) of his older brother the Emperor Tenchi to begin with; however, some say that the book tries to deny the fact that the Emperor Kobun actually was the investiture of the Crown Prince, and justifies his succession to the imperial throne.
- 大正期に入ると、マルクス唯物史観が重んじる歴史法則性を強く否定視する歴史理論(カントやディルタイ)が紹介され、歴史哲学への関心を高める契機となった。
- Entering the Taisho period, the historical theory (by Kant and Dilthey) strongly denying the concept of considering that history progresses according to a law, a concept strongly supported in Marxism-based materialistic views of history, was introduced, strengthening interests in the philosophy of history.
- しっぽ(鯛の尾部)まで餡が入っているかどうか、また入っているべきか否かについて、かつて文学者を巻き込んだ「たい焼き論争」とでもいうべき論争があった。
- There was once controversy among literary personalities over whether the bean paste should be filled all the way to the tail, or even whether bean paste should be used at all.
- これに対し『理趣経』では上記のように欲望を完全否定していないことから、「セックスを肯定する経典」などと色眼鏡的な見方でこの経典を語られることもある。
- On the other hand, because 'Rishu-kyo' is not entirely negative about desires as shown above, it is often looked on from a biased viewpoint such as 'sex-affirmative scriptures.'
- 今日の法制史の研究者の間ではその存在を否定されており、公家政権(朝廷)に対する江戸幕府の優越的地位を示すために創作された偽書であると考えられている。
- The existence of Kobu-ochoku juhakka-jo is being denied by the researchers of legal history of the present day, and it is assumed that the document was a apocryphal book which was created by the Edo bakufu to display its superiority in social position over the Kuge (court nobles) Government (Imperial Court).
- これには、現地の岡本が日露和親条約の効力を否定し、樺太を日本固有の領土とみなして、ロシア側の開発を原則拒否する態度を取っていたことにも原因があった。
- This was partly caused by the stance of Okamoto, who defied the effect of the treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan, regarded the island as indigenous to Japan, and in principle refused the development of the island by the Russians.
- だが、翌1333年に後醍醐天皇側の反撃によって鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると、後醍醐天皇によって光厳天皇と康仁皇太子の否認(廃位、廃太子)が宣言されたのである。
- However on the following year, in 1333, after Kamakura bakufu died out after the attack of Emperor Godaigo's army, the Emperor announced the refusal to accept Emperor Kogon to succeed to the throne and Imperial Prince Yasuhito became Crown Prince.
- 描かれた景観から制作年代について様々な議論が行われてきたが、今谷明は景観年代を1547年と限定し、永徳筆であることを否定した(『京都・一五四七年』)。
- There were many discussions assessing the age it was produced based upon the painted scenery, Akira IMATANI specified the year of the scenery as 1547, and denied that it is not a work of Eitoku ('Kyoto, in 1547').
- 実際に5世の子孫だったかには賛否両論あるが、この事例は5世の子孫までは皇位継承権を持ちうる先例となって、その後の皇位断絶に強く意識されることとなった。
- There were theories approving and disapproving whether the Emperor Keitai was in fact the descendant of Emperor Ojin or not, but this experience was accepted as an example of allowing descendants, up to five generations, succeed to the throne, it was strongly reflected in the discontinuity of Imperial succession later on.
- 金子は、当初「元老院」と仮称していたが、伊藤博文は外国の元老院は選挙による選出だから今回の議院とは性質が異なると否定し、その結果「貴族院」に決定した。
- Kaneko called Kizokuin 'Genroin' (the Chamber of Elders) initially but Ito disagreed with Kaneko because the Chambers of Elders overseas were selected by election and not in the same way as that of Japan; as a result, it was decided to call it as 'Kizokuin' (The House of Peers).
- これらの条項は辛亥革命以後も北洋政府・奉天軍閥などに継承されたが、満洲某重大事件後に奉天軍閥を継いだ張学良が同条約を否認して併行鉄道の建設を推進した。
- Although these protocols had remained in force even after the Xinhai Revolution, with the Beiyang government and the Mukden military clique in power, Chang Hsueh-liang, who succeeded in the Mukden military clique after 'the Manchuria incident' (assassination of Zhang Zuolin, the Manchurian warlord, by the Japanese Army), ignored the treaty obligations and promoted the construction of railroads parallel to the South Manchuria Railway.
- 頼朝の安否を心配する妻北条政子に対して巻狩に参加せず鎌倉に残っていた弟源範頼が「範頼が控えておりますので(ご安心ください)。」と見舞いの言葉を送った。
- Yoritomo's wife Masako HOJO, who was worried about his safety, received words of sympathy from Yoritomo's brother, MINAMOTO no Noriyori, who had remained in Kamakura without participating in the Makigari, saying, '(Please feel easy) because Noriyori is here.'
- それを認めると天皇を将軍が放伐してよいことになり、山崎闇斎を始祖とする崎門学派が湯武放伐を否定して、体制思想としての朱子学を反体制思想へと転化させた。
- The adoption of such a principle would mean that a shogun would be able to expel an emperor; consequently the Kimon school founded by Ansai YAMAZAKI took a position opposed to the expulsion of a disqualified monarch and transformed Zhu Xi's teachings from a pro-establishment ideology to one that was anti-establishment.
- 次に掲げる行為(既存の債務についてされた担保の供与又は債務の消滅に関する行為に限る。)は、再生手続開始後、再生債務者財産のために否認することができる。
- The following acts (limited to acts concerning the provision of security or extinguishment of debt conducted with regard to an existing debt) may be avoided in the interest of the rehabilitation debtor's assets after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings:
- 裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。
- When making a judgment, the court, in light of the entire import of the oral argument and the result of the examination of evidence, and based on its free determination, shall decide whether or not the allegations on facts are true.
- 当事者は、訴訟について、裁判所において口頭弁論をしなければならない。ただし、決定で完結すべき事件については、裁判所が、口頭弁論をすべきか否かを定める。
- The parties, with regard to their suit, shall conduct oral argument before the court; provided, however, that with regard to a case to be concluded by an order, the court shall determine whether or not oral argument should be conducted.
- 大泊瀬皇子(後の雄略)の軍によって宅を包囲された大臣は、王の引き渡しを拒否し、娘の韓媛と「葛城の宅七区」(記に「五処の屯倉」)とを献上して贖罪を請うた。
- Having his residence sourrounded by Prince Ohatsuse (later called Yuryaku)'s army, Tsubura no Okimi made a piacular offering of his daughter, Karahime and 'seven districts in the Katsuraki residence (recorded as 'five locations under miyake, Imperial-controlled territory' in the Nihonshoki),' but he rejected to hand over Prince Mayowa to them.
- これを、元親が拒否したため、織田信孝(信長の三男・四国征伐後に三好家の養子となり三好家を継ぐことが内定していた)を大将として四国征伐を行うことになった。
- As Motochika refused this order, it is decided to conduct conquest of Shikoku with Nobutaka ODA (the third son of Nobunaga; it had been informally decided that, after conquest of Shikoku, he should be adopted by the Miyoshi clan and succeed the Miyoshi family.) as the chief commander.
- その他の公卿は「張本人を差し出すように要求して、拒否されてから官軍を派遣するべきだ」と慎重論を唱え、右大臣・九条兼実、左大臣・藤原経宗もこれに同意した。
- Other Kugyo proposed a more cautious response, saying 'Let us demand that Kofuku-ji temple turn over the ringleaders of the rebellion, and if they refuse to do so, then is the time to dispatch a government army,' a view that was supported by both the Minister of the Right, Kanezane KUJO, as well as the Minister of the Left, FUJIWARA no Tsunemune.
- 「京都の市民は、信長が公方様(足利義昭)を討伐するために軍勢を召集していると聞くや否や、急遽、わずかの地所を隔てていた上京、ならびに下京から立ち去った。
- As soon as Kyoto citizens heard that Nobunaga was mustering his army to subdugate Kubosama (Shogun), they left Kamigyo and Shimogyo, which were very close to where Yoshiaki stayed.
- 一部韓国関係者の主張に、剣道の始祖は韓国版の剣道コムドとあるが、その韓国側のソースをネットにて公開した際、多くの捏造点が認められ、完全に否定されている。
- Some related Koreans have alleged that Kendo derives from the Korean version of Kendo--called Kumdo--but when the Korean sources were disclosed on the Internet, many fabricated points were found and the allegation is now completely denied.
- さらに、頼朝より奥州藤原氏追討の院宣が願いだされてもこれを拒否し、頼朝が奥州藤原氏を滅ぼした事を知ると、事後承諾の形で奥州藤原氏追討の院宣を下している。
- Furthermore Goshirakawa refused to issue the command of retired emperor to kill the FUJIWARA clan in Oshu (Mutsu Province), which he was asked by Yoritomo, after knowing Yoritomo killed the FUJIWARA clan, he then issued the command as a post facto approval.
- 殺害された日本人のうち公使館員等で朝鮮人兇徒によって殺害された以下の日本人男性は、軍人であると否とにかかわらず、戦没者に準じて靖国神社に合祀されている。
- Among the Japanese victims, the following men such as legation staff who were killed by the angry Korean mob were, regardless of being soldiers or not, enshrined at the Yasukuni-jinja Shrine as war dead.
- しかし、王政復古からまもないころであったから、公議所の公議人らは反対意見で、廃刀をもって武士の精神をなくし、皇国の元気を消滅させるものとして否決された。
- However, since it was not long before the imperial rule was restored, politicians in the lower house opposed this and the bill was voted down as banning of the wearing of swords would ruin the spirit of samurai and discourage the power of the imperial nation.
- 国民政府により台湾の資源を収奪した植民地時代として否定的な評価が行われるが、鉄道に関して確実に戦後の台湾経済の発展に大きな影響を与えた遺産となっている。
- The National Government made a negative evaluation on Japan's colonial rule as depriving Taiwanese of their resources, but the railways are undoubtedly the heritage that contributed greatly to post-war economic development in Taiwan.
- 裁判所書記官は、届出があった再生債権及び第百一条第三項の規定により再生債務者等が認否書に記載した再生債権について、再生債権者表を作成しなければならない。
- A court clerk shall prepare a schedule of rehabilitation creditors with regard to filed rehabilitation claims as well as rehabilitation claims stated by the rehabilitation debtor, etc. in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of Article 101(3).
- 更に幕府によって出された守護使不入の規定に従ってきた守護大名の中からも領国の維持を名目に幕府による守護使不入の権利を公然と否定する措置を取るようになった。
- Also, some of the shugo daimyos who had observed the shugoshi funyu rules released by the bakufu came to take measures to deny in public such shugoshi-funyu privilege granted by the bakufu, on the pretext of maintaining their territories.
- このことは滝川総長自らがかつての主張を覆し教授会の人事権を否定したものとされ、戦後の滝川に反動的な人物とのイメージを付け加えることになったという者もいる。
- This led to an impression of Takigawa as a reactionary person in the post-war years because he was viewed as reversing his previous opinion of the board of professors having the right of deciding on personnel matters.
- しかし後白河はこれを拒否、崇徳は激怒し、後白河は未来永劫までも敵であると宣言し、「悪魔」となることを誓って舌先を噛み切り、その血でもって誓状をしたためる。
- However, Goshirakawa rejects it, at which Sutoku becomes infuriated, declaring that Goshirakawa is to be his enemy forever; he bites the tip of his tongue, swearing to be the 'Devil' and writes a solemn vow with his own blood.
- 坂東健雄は、高田説が通説であるとしながらも、どちらの説も決め手に欠けるとし、やはり、出版にいたる8年間に推敲が行われた可能性は否定できないことを指摘した。
- Takeo BANDO admitted that a theory advocated by TAKADA was commonly accepted, but both theories had no conclusive evidences and he pointed out that it would be difficult to deny the possibility of revising the work for the eight years until the book was published.
- 1949年の岩宿遺跡が初出で、このときは旧石器存否論争、無土器新石器説、中石器時代説を引き起こし、石器資料そのものに関しては摩耗論争さえ巻き起こっている。
- Kyokubumasei-sekifu were first discovered in 1949 when they were unearthed at the Iwajuku Archeological Site, and this finding sparked a controversy over whether the Paleolithic Period had in fact existed, which in turn resulted in the development of the theory that pottery had not been used in the Neolithic Period and the theory of the Mesolithic Period; there was even a dispute as to whether the abrasion of the stone tools was genuine.
- 明治維新後に対馬府中藩を介して朝鮮に対して新政府発足の通告と国交を望む交渉を行うが、日本の外交文書が江戸時代の形式と異なることを理由に朝鮮側に拒否された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government noticed Korea to establish a new government and negotiated to have diplomatic relations, but Korea rejected them because the format of diplomatic papers was different from the one of Edo period.
- そればかりか、義平の未亡人となっていた義重の娘を頼朝が側室にしようとしたところ、義重がそれを拒否したため頼朝から勘気を蒙ったと伝えられている(『吾妻鏡』)。
- What is more, when Yoritomo requested Yoshishige's daughter who had been Yoshihira's widow to be his concubine, Yoshishige refused the request, therefore, reportedly he drew a rebuke from Yoritomo ('Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East]).
- 彼は攘夷の気分が蔓延していた当時に攘夷を否定し、また、「政治は国民の上で成り立っており、愚かな人の上には厳しい政府ができ、優れた人の上には良い政府ができる。
- Fukuzawa denied the idea of exclusion of foreigners when the idea was pervasive across the country, and maintained that: a government is established by its own people, a good government is chosen by good people and a bad government is chosen by unwise people;
- 第二次西園寺公望内閣のとき、緊縮財政による国家財政再建や行政整理を理由に、西園寺公望首相が、陸軍による「二個師団増設」の要求を拒否した(二個師団増設問題)。
- During the second Kinmochi SAIONJI Cabinet, because of the national financial reconstruction and the administration by reduced budget, Prime Minister Kinomochi SAIONJI refused the Army's 'two division expansion' demand (two divisions' expansion issue).
- 内閣総理大臣は、前条の登録の申請があつたときは、次条第一項の規定により登録を拒否する場合を除くほか、次に掲げる事項を投資法人登録簿に登録しなければならない。
- In cases where an application for registration prescribed in the preceding Article has been filed, the Prime Minister shall register the following matters in the Investment Corporation's registry, except when he/she refuses the registration under the provision of paragraph (1) of the following Article:
- 特に欠史八代の天皇については、古代中国の革命思想(讖緯説)に則って天皇家の歴史を水増したのではないかと指摘する否定説が戦後学会では主流である(実在説もある)。
- Especially with the Emperors of Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), a negative theory stating that the history of the Imperial Family was padded out following the revolutionary idea (Shinisetsu, or theory of predicting future with magic) in Ancient China is the main stream in learned society after the war (there are also theories that support the existence).
- 本論争は直接的には、この動きを信長の強制と見るか否かを争うものであるが、その論を立脚点とした織田政権の将来構想や本能寺の変の背景に対する考察を含むものである。
- The point of the argument is whether the move was forced by Nobunaga or not, while other issues which could be derived from the main argument include considerations to the grand plan of the Oda administration and the background of the Honnoji Incident.
- 従って、公事(特に金公事)の増加によって吟味筋の吟味が滞ることは重大な問題と捉えられ、町奉行所が金公事の受付そのものを拒否する相対済令などがしばしば出された。
- Accordingly, it was thought a critical problem that investigation by ginmisuji stagnated due to increase of kuji (specifically kanekuji), so aitai sumashi rei (mutual settlement decree) with which machibugyosho (a town magistrate's office) could refuse receipt of kanekuji itself was often put in force.
- 前述のような学説は皇国史観の強い影響下に成ったものとする考えから、その反動として戦後の研究では、日本の出先機関が存在したことを否定しようとする姿勢が強かった。
- After the World War II, the studies strongly attempted to deny the existence of a regional office of Japan in the Korean Peninsula on the rebound because the above-mentioned theory was thought to have been born under the strong influence of Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- その朝鮮も日清戦争後に締結された下関条約によって、清朝との宗主国―藩属国関係を完全否定され、華夷秩序は終焉を迎えることとなった(茂木1997、岡本2004)。
- With regards to Korea, the suzerain state - hanzokukoku relationship with the Qing dynasty was completely denied by the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Sino-Japanese War and Kaichitsujo was terminated (Motegi 1997, Okamoto 2004).
- 魏 (三国)の官人、如淳は「人面に入れ墨する(委する)」習俗をもって倭の由来と論じたが、臣瓚や顔師古らから、倭と委の音が異なることなどを理由に否定されている。
- 如淳, a government official of Wei dynasty (Three States Period), considered the custom of 'getting a tattoo on their faces (entrusting)' to be the origin of Wa, but Shinsan and Gan Shiko (Yan Shigu) denied the possibility because of such reasons such as the phonetic difference between 倭 and 委.
- 特に木戸孝允は征韓論を否定しておきながら、同じ海外である台湾に出兵するのは矛盾であるとして反対の態度を崩さず、4月18日参議の辞表を提出して下野してしまった。
- Among others, Takayoshi KIDO, who continued to oppose, submitted a letter of resignation on April 18 and resigned from his post as a councilor, saying that dispatching troops to Taiwan was inconsistent with rejecting Seikanron because both means sending troops to foreign countries.
- 再生債務者が支払の停止等があった後又はその前六月以内にした無償行為及びこれと同視すべき有償行為は、再生手続開始後、再生債務者財産のために否認することができる。
- Any gratuitous act, or any onerous act that should be deemed to be equal to such an act, conducted by the rehabilitation debtor after or within six months prior to suspension of payments, etc. may be avoided in the interest of the rehabilitation debtor's assets after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings.
- 皇位そのものの証明は三種の神器の所持を以て挙げられるため、南北朝正閏論に於いては神器が無いまま即位した北朝 (日本)の正当性が否定される根拠の一つとなっている。
- Since the imperial throne itself may be approved by the retention of the three sacred imperial treasures, the Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Court) has a basis for its denial of orthodoxy of Hokucho (Northern court) which ascended to the throne without the three sacred imperial treasures.
- 鶴千代殺害をもくろむ八汐は、女医者・小槙や忍びの嘉藤太とはからって政岡に鶴千代暗殺計画の濡れ衣を着せようとするが、沖の井の抗弁や鶴千代の拒否によって退けられる。
- Yashio, who plots to assassinate Tsuruchiyo, conspires with female doctor Komaki and ninja Katota to accuse Masaoka falsely of plotting the assassination of Tsuruchiyo, but fails due to the defense by Okinoi and denial by Tsuruchiyo.
- ただしこれらのネタを従前から続く工夫の1つと捉える意見がある一方、寿司の枠を超えた異質のものとして寿司とは別のものとする意見もあり、賛否が分かれるところである。
- However, there are pros and cons about the above new kinds of sushi because some people consider that the above kinds of 'neta' are one of inventions continuing from the past, and other people consider that they are alien beyond the borders of sushi, and are different from sushi.
- 「日本が朝鮮の治安の責任を負い、独立国とさせた朝鮮の地位と天津条約とを否定し、日本の権利・利益を損傷し、そして東洋の平和を保障させない清国の計画は明白である。」
- China has a clear plot to deny Japan's responsibility for public safety, the independency of Korea, and the Treaty of Tianjin, hamper the rights and interests of Japan, and prevent peace in the East.'
- 現在までの研究ではそれは否定されるが、しかしそれは後世の編纂の有無に関してであり、原史料が比較的に生の形で残っているということについてまさしくその通りといえる。
- Studies conducted thus far have denied his opinion, as far as compiling the work itself for posterity is concerned, but it is accepted in that the virtually intact source material has survived.
- 受遺者は、遺贈が弁済期に至らない間は、遺贈義務者に対して相当の担保を請求することができる。停止条件付きの遺贈についてその条件の成否が未定である間も、同様とする。
- While a testamentary gift is not due, a testamentary donee may make a claim for reasonable security from a person having an obligation with respect to testamentary gift. The same shall also apply for a testamentary gift with a condition precedent while the outcome of that condition is unknown.
- 健岑と逸勢は容疑を否認したが結局流罪とされ、淳和に近い立場にいた貴族たちが解任され、ついには恒貞も連坐して皇太子の地位を追われ、かつての高岳と同じように出家した。
- Kowamine and Hayanari both denied the charges but were exiled and aristocrats close to Junna were dismissed from office, and finally, Tsunesada was deposed as Crown Prince to take joint responsibility and he became a priest as Takaoka did in the past.
- しかしこの原則は律令法の階級性を否定するものでなく、たとえば現実の刑の適用にみられる貴族の特権的地位の保証は、律令法が貴族階級のための法であったことを示している。
- However, this principle does not deny the hierarchical nature of ritsuryo law, for example, the guaranteeing of the privileged position of kizoku with regard to the actual application of penalties, indicates that ritsuryo law served the kizoku class.
- ソメイヨシノは、街中では他種より目にする機会が圧倒的に多いことから、以前からその起源についてと共に、可否好悪についても、愛桜家の間で論争の絶えなかった品種である。
- Because Someiyoshino is much more likely to be seen along the streets than other types, disputes between enthusiasts have occurred continuously from the past in regard to its origin as to whether it's right or wrong, as well as in regard to people's likes and dislikes.
- 自らの存在を否定することになる日本国憲法の審議では、下手に否決して天皇制廃止論を連合国に持ち出される事態を恐れたため、次善の策として消極的な賛成論が大勢を占めた。
- At the discussion on the Constitution of Japan, which eventually meant the loss of their existence, Kizokuin were worried that the Allies might promote abolishing the Emperor system and to counter this, most of the councilors reluctantly agreed with the Constitution.
- 悔返(くいかえし)とは、中世日本において、和与・寄進などの財産処分を行って所有権の移動が行われた後に元の所有者あるいはその子孫らがその行為を否定して取り戻す行為。
- Kuikaeshi is an act in which, after a property's ownership was shifted to someone else by compromise or donation, its previous owner or his descendants recover the ownership by disaffirming the previous decision.
- これに侯爵である細川ら応じたものの、近衛は公爵・侯爵以外の議員の加入を一切拒否したために、「無所属」に属していた伯爵以下の議員や勅選議員は拠り所を失くしてしまう。
- Marquis HOSOKAWA responded to this; however, KONOE completely refused councilors' joining except members who were duke or marquis, so the members or the nominated members of the House of Peers belonging to the 'Independents' who were ranked count and below had nowhere to go.
- 地球温暖化に対してはその信頼性や影響について様々な懐疑論が見られるが、その傾向はいくつかに絞られており、概ね否定できるもの、または信頼性に乏しいと考えられている。
- There are various kinds of skepticism on credibility or influence of the global warming, but the tendencies are limited to a few, and they are deniable in general and have little credibility.
- この出来事に大坂城の淀殿は驚き、高次夫人に使者を遣わして(淀殿の妹である初(常高院)は高次の正室として城中にあった)、停戦・降伏を求めるが大津側は断固として拒否。
- Yodo-dono (Lady Yodo; Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's concubine and the mother of Hideyori, the heir to the Toyotomi clan) was surprised to hear of this treachery and dispatched an envoy to Takatsugu's wife (Yodo-dono's younger sister Hatsu/Joko-in was at Otsu-jo Castle as she was Takatsugu's lawful wife) to call for a truce and surrender, but the Otsu side never accepted it.
- それに加え、家族の身分関係の変動(婚姻、養子縁組など)について戸主の同意を必要とするものがあったため、家族が家を去るか否かにつき戸主の意向に左右されることになる。
- In addition, regarding changes of status (due to marriage, adoption or other backgrounds) family members need agreement of their head of a family, so the decision of leaving the household is made by the head of the family.
- 再生手続開始の決定があった場合には、裁判所は、利害関係人の申立てにより又は職権で、監督委員に対して、特定の行為について否認権を行使する権限を付与することができる。
- Where an order of commencement of rehabilitation proceedings is made, the court, upon the petition of an interested person or by its own authority, may empower a supervisor to exercise a right of avoidance of a specific act.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第一項の登録の申請があった場合においては、第六項の規定により登録を拒否する場合を除くほか、次に掲げる事項を自己信託登録簿に登録しなければならない。
- Where an application has been filed for registration under paragraph (1), the Prime Minister shall register the following matters in the registry of self-declared trusts except when the Prime Minister refuses to register said trust pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (6):
- 破産管財人は、一般調査期間が定められたときは、債権届出期間内に届出があった破産債権について、次に掲げる事項についての認否を記載した認否書を作成しなければならない。
- A bankruptcy trustee, when an ordinary period for investigation is specified, shall prepare a statement of approval or disapproval to state his/her approval or disapproval of the following matters with regard to each bankruptcy claim filed during the period for filing proofs of claims:
- なお、撰者に関しては、元々は拱昻が編集したが、朝廷に提出する旅の途中で道原に横取りされて提出されてしまったとの説があるが、中国の仏教学者陳垣によって否定されている。
- With respect to the compiler, there is a theory that 拱昻 originally compiled the book and Dogen stole it during the trip to the Imperial Court to submit it as his work; however, this theory has been denied by a Chinese Buddhist scholar, Chin En.
- この中には院政を行わなかった後陽成上皇を先例とする(院政の否定)事、五摂家当主による合議制を事実上の朝廷の最高意思決定機関とする事などを取り決めた(『東武実録』)。
- This memorandum included the rules that the emperor should make a precedent of the retired Emperor Goyozei who did not rule as the cloistered emperor (denial of a cloister government) and that the council system operated by the heads of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) should be virtually the supreme decision-making body of the imperial court ('Tobujitsuroku').
- ただし第二次世界大戦以後の造語であり、その定義や内容も曖昧であることなどから歴史用語としての「大正デモクラシー」を不適当であると否定する説も少数ではあるが存在する。
- However, the term was created after World WarⅡ, prompting the argument that the term is inappropriate as a history term due to the ambiguity of its definition and content, though supporters of this argument are in the minority.
- ただ人欲を人間本来の自然とみる考えを全否定することはなく、それを認めつつ、人欲をコントロールする役目を「理」に与えることにより現実的な政策・思想を構想しようとした。
- The Dongling movement did not deny the idea of considering desire to be innate human nature, rather, it approved the idea, while making 'ri' play the role of controlling desire to establish more realistic policy and ideology.
- だが、土地の賦課の是非は大名などの領主の権限と考えられていたこと、従来の検地に代わる大規模な測量の必要性があることから、政府内でも賛否両論があってまとまらなかった。
- However, this proposal was not put into practice because there were arguments for and against within the government; the main reasons for the opposition lied in that at that time it was believed that the authority to impose land tax or not lied in the feudal lords such as daimyo and that it was necessary to conduct a large scale land survey replacing the existing nationwide land survey before getting into the land-tax reform.
- かつては朝鮮語の「ナラ(国という意味)」との関連性を指摘する学者もいたが、現在はほぼ否定されている(「均す(なら-)『平らにする』」という意味が語源とされている)。
- There used to be scholars who suggested a possible connection with the Korean word 'nara' (meaning a country), however, this theory is no longer accepted (the origin of the word is believed to be 'to flatten').
- 彼女を祭神とする明治神宮は、1920年(大正9年)と1963年(昭和38年)の2度にわたって「昭憲皇后」への改号を宮内省・宮内庁に要請しているが、いずれも拒否された。
- Meiji-Jingu Shrine, which enshrines the Empress, requested the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) and Imperial Household Regency for her posthumous title to be changed to 'Empress Shoken' two times, in 1920 and 1963, but was denied both times.
- なお、論争の過程で、三像の成立は早くとも藤原隆信の死(1205年)以降であることが明らかとなっており、隆信を三像作者とする説は、通説・新説いずれからも既に否定された。
- In the process of controversy, it was confirmed that the portraits were drawn at least after the death of FUJIWARA no Takanobu in 1205, and a theory which defines Takanobu as the producer of these three portraits had already been denied both in the popular theory and the new theory.
- 同じ長良川で行なわれる長良川鵜飼と比べて小規模であることは否めないが、観光化が著しい長良川鵜飼と比べて昔からの漁法としての鵜飼いが色濃く残っており、人気があるという。
- Its scale is no doubt smaller than that of Nagara-gawa ukai, but it is still popular since it has a trace of traditional fishing method of ukai compared with Nagara-gawa ukai that has become the event of tourist attraction.
- これに対し美濃部達吉は、著書『憲法講話』において上記植民地の見解をふまえ「凡て殖民地には憲法は施行せられないと解するのが正当な解釈である」として政府の解釈を否定した。
- On the other hand, with regard to the above assumption about colonies, Tatsukichi MINOBE denied the interpretation of the government, stating that it was legitimate to interpret that the Constitution should not be enforced to all colonies,' in his book 'the Lecture of the Constitution.'
- 第百二十七条の三第一項に規定する行為が否認された場合において、相手方がその受けた給付を返還し、又はその価額を償還したときは、相手方の債権は、これによって原状に復する。
- Where an act prescribed in Article 127-3(1) is avoided, if the other party returns the performance that he/she has received or reimburses the value of such performance, this shall restore the other party's claim to its original state.
- 第一項第一号及び第二項の「重要事項」とは、消費者契約に係る次に掲げる事項であって消費者の当該消費者契約を締結するか否かについての判断に通常影響を及ぼすべきものをいう。
- The term 'Important Matter' as used in the item (i) of para. (1) and para. (2) shall mean the following items in a consumer contract that would normally affect a consumer's decision whether to conclude a consumer contract.
- そもそも、鎌倉幕府の公式文書を使って編纂した『吾妻鏡』の記述を否定すべきではなく、『吾妻鏡』のとおり、合戦は午前に行われ午の刻(12時ごろ)に終わったとする説も根強い。
- And right from the outset, the view that, there being no reason to question what the 'Azuma kagami' - the official record of the Kamakura Shogunate - claimed, the battle thus must have been fought in the morning and had ended by 12, is strong and deeply rooted.
- 内大臣・源雅通は「武士を派遣すれば神輿が破壊される恐れがある」と難色を示し、武士を率いる重盛も後白河の3度に渡る出動命令を拒否して「明朝発向する」と返答する有様だった。
- Naidaijin (minister of the center) MINAMOTO no Masamichi showed unwillingness saying 'If samurai were sent, the mikoshi may be destroyed;' Shigemori who commanded the samurai also refused Goshirakawa's dispatch order three times saying 'I will dispatch them tomorrow morning.'
- ただ当時発足したばかりの日本軍は地方農村部などの次男・三男を集めた集団であり、飯や日本食で育った彼らの中には、あまりに異質な西洋の料理に対して拒否感を示す者も見られた。
- The early stage of Japanese military was formed by the group of young people composed of the second or third sons collected from rural and agricultural regions; they had grown up by eating traditional Japanese food with rice-centered diet, thus some could not easily accept such Western style dishes so different from their eating habit.
- このことから、「律令制=奴隷制」、「律令制=独裁制に基づく搾取制」という考えが否定されていき、代わって百姓を隷属農民として見る隷農制という概念が提示されるようになった。
- Accordingly, the idea of 'the Ritsuryo system equals slavery' or 'the Ritsuryo system equals a system of exploitation based on a dictatorship' was refuted and, instead, the concept of villeinage that views the peasants as serfs, has been suggested.
- 史料の吉川家文書には1591年(天正19年)と記されているが、最近の研究においてはこの日付には否定的で翌年の1592年(文禄元年)の誤りではないかとする説が有力である。
- The Yoshikawa family documents, historical material, state that it was executed in 1591, but recent researchers doubt the date and strongly suggest it was executed in 1592.
- 先進諸国の中で唯一京都議定書から離脱しているアメリカ合衆国政府は、産業界の自己経済利益のみを追求する考え方に基づき取り組みを拒否しているとの非難を国内外から浴びている。
- The United States of America, the only non-party member of the Kyoto Protocol among the developed countries, is accused domestically and internationally of seeking only economical benefits of the U.S. industries and refusing to commit the duty.
- 持氏も幕府中央の混乱に乗じて関東・奥州各地に発生した武装蜂起に対して自己の政権の権限と基盤の強化に乗り出して幕府中央の権威を否定する動きを以前から見せていたからである。
- This is because Mochiuji also had started to deny the authority of the central bakufu by strengthening the power and basis of his regime against the armed uprisings which were breaking out in various areas in Kanto and Oshu regions during the confusion of the central bakufu.
- しかし、時あたかも藤原氏による権勢拡大の最中で、真人=高貴という原義すら崩れ始めていたことも否めず、氷上塩焼 ・不破内親王のように一種の懲罰として賜姓される例も現れた。
- However, since it was the in the middle of expansion of power by Fujiwara clan, the definition that 'Mahito = noble' was beginning to collapse, and there also appeared a case when Mahito was bestowed as a punishment such as HIKAMI no Shioyaki and Imperial Princess Fuwa.
- 転得者が第百二十七条の二第二項各号に掲げる者のいずれかであるとき。ただし、転得の当時、それぞれその前者に対する否認の原因のあることを知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- Where each of the subsequent acquirers is any of the persons listed in the items of Article 127-2(2); provided, however, that this shall not apply if the subsequent acquirers did not know, at the time of acquisition, that there were grounds for avoidance against their predecessors.
- 当事者が補助参加について異議を述べたときは、裁判所は、補助参加の許否について、決定で、裁判をする。この場合においては、補助参加人は、参加の理由を疎明しなければならない。
- When a party makes an objection to assisting intervention, the court, by an order, shall make a judicial decision with regard to whether or not to permit assisting intervention. In this case, the assisting intervener shall make a prima facie showing of the reasons for intervention.
- 再生計画認可の決定が確定したときは、届出再生債権者及び第百一条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権を有する再生債権者の権利は、再生計画の定めに従い、変更される。
- When an order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan becomes final and binding, the rights of holders of filed rehabilitation claims and those of rehabilitation creditors who hold rehabilitation claims stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of Article 101(3) shall be modified as provided for in the rehabilitation plan.
- ただし、守護大名による領国支配は、後世の戦国領国制と比べると必ずしも徹底したものではなく、畿内を中心に、国人層が守護の被官となることを拒否した例も、実際には多く見られる。
- The provincial control by the shugo daimyo, however, was not as complete as the one in the Sengoku-ryogoku system during the later period: in fact, there are many examples in which the Kokujin refused to serve as a vassal of the shugo, particularly in the Kinai.
- 何ぞ文部省側の主張の如く一時の変態として之を看過するを得んや」「日本帝国に於て真に人格の判定を為すの標準は知識徳行の優劣より先づ国民的情操、即ち大義名分の明否如何に在り。
- How can we allow this to be overlooked as suggested by the Education Ministry, because it was just a temporary anomaly?'; 'In Imperial Japan, the true way of determining character is not by knowledge or good deeds but by national emotions, in other words, the cause.
- また国外的には、ハーバード大学の朝鮮史教授カーター・J・エッカートも韓国での萌芽論は「論理ではなく日本を弾劾することが目的のもの」としており、近代化萌芽論を強く否定した。
- Furthermore, outside the country, Carter J. Eckert, a Korean history professor, Harvard University, regarded the germination theory in South Korea as 'not logical, but a theory for the purpose of impeaching Japan,' and strongly denied the modernization germination theory.
- これに対して政友会をはじめとする政党や一般国民、幸三派のうち入閣を拒否した同成会は勿論のこと、閣僚を出していた茶話会・公正会までが清浦内閣と研究会の糾弾を始めたのである。
- In response, political parties such as Seiyu-kai, ordinary people and Doseikai (one of saiwai-sanpa) which refused to send its member to the cabinet, and even Sawakai and Koseikai which sent their members to the cabinet started to condemn KIYOURA Cabinet and Kenkyukai.
- しかし、名山図志の題にふさわしいものにしようとしたためか、紀州藩の南画家の野呂九一郎の筆による「台山踄歴略記」なる文章が付されているが、南画調の山岳絵は違和感が否めない。
- They might have tried to make it more suitable to the title of 'Meizan Zushi' (Book of famous mountains), it has a sentence 'Daiyama reki ryakki' written by Kyuichiro NORO, a Chinese Nanga style artist of Kishu Domain; but the drawing of Chinese Nanga style mountains is somewhat ill-fitted.
- 山口剛は、西行がワキとして登場する謡曲の『雨月』がもとになっている、という説を提唱したが、これには、長島弘明の、「白峯」との内容面での関係性が薄い、として否定されている。
- Takeshi YAMAGUCHI advocated a theory that it was based on the Yokyoku 'Rain and Moon' in which Saigyo appears as a waki, but Hiroaki NAGASHIMA denied it because it had little to do with the contents of 'Shiramine.'
- 学制以来の明治政府の啓蒙主義的な教育政策を否定し、明治以前の儒教中心の教育に戻すこと、庶民教育は読み書き算盤を主体とする実学と儒教的徳目育成のみで十分とする趣旨であった。
- Opposed to the thought-provoking education policy of the Meiji government that had been in place since the Government Order of Education in Japan, Kyogaku Seishi wanted to return to the type of Confucian-centered educational system that had been pursued prior to the Meiji period; he believed that just practical learning with the main focus on reading, writing and arithmetic combined with the teaching of Confucian-type virtues was sufficient for the masses.
- この「天皇の軍隊の最高幹部がなんら倫理的葛藤なしに天皇の指名した首相を拒否・打倒する」事態については、山本七平・小室直樹・堺屋太一などが社会評論の題材として分析している。
- Shichihei YAMAMOTO, Naoki KOMURO, and Taichi SAKAIYA analyzed the matter that 'the top Army executives of the emperor refuses or dismisses a prime minister who the Emperor designates' as a subject of social criticism.
- 長らく二刀流が否定されていたため、また上記の通り竹刀の長さ、および二刀流の相手に対しては胸突きが認められるというハンディがあるため、指導者、使用者とも少ないのが現状である。
- The present situation is that both coaches and contenders of Nito-ryu are small in number, due to the facts that Nito-ryu has been denied for a long time, that Shinai of different lengths are used as above, and that a contender of Nito-ryu is allowed to make Mune-tsuki to the other contender, which is a handicap for the latter.
- 武徳会は全国に普及、徹底させようとするも、この「中間的妥協案」には弓道界から賛否続出、雑誌・新聞紙上で大論争が展開され、ついには「鵺(ぬえ)的射法」と揶揄されるまでに至る。
- Butoku Kai tried to spread and enforce it nationwide, but this 'intermediate compromise' raised many opinions pro and con from the Kyudo world, and a major debate emerged in magazines and newspapers, eventually mocking it a 'Nue-mato shaho (slippery art of shooting an arrow).'
- 温泉が本物か否かといわれるのは、温泉法の定義にあてはまる「法的な温泉」であるのかどうかを議論する場合が一般的である(イメージに合う合わないの議論でも用いられる場合がある)。
- When a certain hot spring is questionable whether it is a real hot spring or not, discussions are generally focused on whether it is a 'legal hot spring' which meets the requirement of the law or not (sometimes questions are also raised whether it fits people's conceived image of a hot springs).
- さらに李贄は因習的な価値観すべてを否認し、王守仁の良知説を修正して「童心」説(既成道徳に乱される前の純粋な心)を唱えることで孔子や六経『論語』『孟子』さえ否定するに到った。
- Additionally, Ri Shi denied all traditional values, corrected O Shujin's ryochi theory to preach a 'juvenile mind' theory (pure mind prior to disruption by existing morals), and eventually even denied Koshi and Rikkei, 'The Analects of Confucius,' and 'Moshi.'
- しかし最近になり、刀剣界では今まで見向きもされなかったこれらの軍刀にも人気が出てきており、同時に研究家や収集家の新たな発見や偏った俗説の否定等、再評価の声が高くなっている。
- Recently, however, such military swords which were disregarded in the sword world became popular, and at the same time they are reevaluated as researchers and collectors found something new or an unfair and the myth was denied.
- なお「自主の邦」と規定したとはいえ、清は冊封関係において従来から「属国自主」として内政・外交については関与しない立場をとっており、清の宗主権を否定しつくすものでもなかった。
- In addition, the treaty provided for an 'independent state,' but did not completely deny suzerainty of China, because Qing had the conventional stance of 'independence as a subject state'and was not involved in domestic and diplomatic affairs.
- 実権を握った平頼綱は泰盛の弘安改革を否定し、幕府の人事は得宗を頂点に北条氏 (大仏流)、北条氏 (名越流)を中心に北条一族の支配となり、足利氏ら旧来の御家人の姿は無かった。
- TAIRA no Yoritsuna held a real power and rejected Yasumori's Koan reform, and the most of the positions in the bakufu were occupied by the Hojo family, with Tokuso at the top and the Osaragi line of the Hojo clan and the Nagoe line of the Hojo clan at the center, and no important positions were given to old gokenin like the Ashikaga clan.
- この事件が朝鮮政府に与えた衝撃は大きく、変革を拒否する鎖国攘夷勢力の反対をおさえて日本との国交回復を検討することになり、翌1876年に日朝修好条規(江華条約)が締結された。
- This incident brought such a terrible shock to the Korean government that they had to consider the recovery of the diplomatic relations with Japan by surmounting all objections by the supporters of expulsion of foreigners, and concluded the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity (the Treaty of Ganghwa) in 1876.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第一項の登録の申請があった場合においては、第六項の規定により登録を拒否する場合を除くほか、次に掲げる事項を管理型外国信託会社登録簿に登録しなければならない。
- Where an application has been filed for registration under paragraph (1), the Prime Minister shall register the following matters in the Custodian Type Foreign Trust Companies' registry, except when the Prime Minister refuses to register the Applicant pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (6):
- 実際には地金価値で取引されたと考えられるため、「貨幣」と認めるべきか否かは議論がある(江戸時代など後代になっても、豆板銀や丁銀等の銀の秤量貨幣が、西日本では使用されている)。
- Some people argue that Mumon-ginsen coin was not 'a coin,' because it was practically exchanged based on the value of bare metal (In western Japan, silver Hyoryo kahei coins [currency valued by weight] such as mameitagin [an Edo-period coin] and Chogin [collective term of silver] were used even in the later Edo period.)
- 相手方が正当な理由なく前項の規定による決定に従わないときは、裁判所は、文書の成立の真否に関する挙証者の主張を真実と認めることができる。書体を変えて筆記したときも、同様とする。
- If the opponent, without justifiable grounds, does not comply with the order made under the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court may recognize that the allegations of the party who offers evidence concerning the authenticity or inauthenticity of the creation of the document are true. The same shall apply where the opponent has written letters by a style of handwriting that is different from his/her own.
- 新政の当初は院政を行わず、摂政・関白や征夷大将軍などを設置せずに政治権力の一元化を目指しており、表面的には復古王政を装いつつ、内実は先例主義を否定する革新的な政治路線であった。
- In the beginning, the new government did not have any separate government by retired emperors, nor did it make the usual appointments of regent, chief advisor, or Seii taishogun, instead aiming to centralize all political power; superficially, the government was dressed in the guise of a restoration to direct Imperial rule, but in fact it was a government set on a truly progressive course, one that rejected the old principle of putting precedent first.
- しかし、木下道雄侍従次長の『側近日誌』の公開によって、天皇が「現人神」(あらひとがみ)であることを否定するものであったことが明白になり、そのような主張をする学者はいなくなった。
- However, by opening 'Sokkin Nisshi' (the diary of a close associate of the Emperor) by Deputy Grand Chamberlain of the Imperial Household, Michio KINOSHITA, to the public, it was made clear that the Emperor denied himself as 'Arahitogami,' and the scholar insisted such opinions have disappeared.
- が、神宝を納める庫の高い階(高橋)に、女だてらに上るのはいやだと拒否され、仕方なく物部十千根 大連に任せたといわれている(この祭祀とは、神宝の出し入れもしていた可能性がある)。
- However, she refused his offer saying that she would not like to climb up to a higher floor (elevated bridge) because she was just a woman; then he had no idea other than appointing MONONOBE no Tochine, who was in the position of Omuraji (one of the important official ranks of Yamato Imperial Court, representing the local ruling lords called Muraji) (the religious service referred to here might have included the task of getting in and out the sacred treasures).
- 翌元弘4年(1334年)には後醍醐の皇子恒良親王(12歳)が皇太子に立てられ、持明院統の皇統としての地位は完全に否定され、3世代、50年以上にわたった両統迭立はここに終焉した。
- The next year, 1334, saw Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi (aged 12) as Crown Prince and the position of the Jimyoin line as a Emperor's line was completely negated, and here the Ryoto tetsuritsu that spanned three generations and continued over 50 years came to an end.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- 以後に説明される陽明学の特徴も、その様な意味づけを与えられた結果であり、それが朱子学及び陽明学の歴史的・全面的な結果であると言い得るか否かは大いに疑問とする立場も一部にはある。
- The features of Yomeigaku described below are also the result of the above-mentioned reasoning; therefore, there are doubts that these features are the historical and general results of Shushigaku and Yomeigaku.
- しかし国書の中に「皇」「勅」の文字が入っており、冊封体制下では「皇」は中国の皇帝にのみ許される称号であり、「勅」は中国皇帝の詔勅を意味していたので、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive the letter because it contained the Chinese characters '皇' (Royal, imperial) and '勅' (imperial decree) despite the fact that '皇' was allowed to be used only for the Chinese emperor and '勅' signified the imperial rescript under the tributary system.
- 内閣総理大臣は、第六十七条第一項の登録の申請があった場合においては、次条の規定により登録を拒否する場合を除くほか、次に掲げる事項を信託契約代理店登録簿に登録しなければならない。
- Where an application has been filed for registration under Article 67(1), the Prime Minister shall register the following matters in the registry for Agents for Trust Agreement except when the Prime Minister refuses to register the Applicant pursuant to the provisions of the following Article:
- だが、この年には実際には宮中のみに留まったものの医学の禁止を命じるなど、保守的な姿勢は崩さなかった(もっとも、遺品として時計が残るなど、西洋文明を全く否定していたわけではない)。
- But there was yet a conservative movement such as the prohibition on studying medicine, although such a movement was kept within the Imperial palace. (Of course western culture was not totally denied, as you can see there was a wristwatch left in the Imperial Palace.)
- 実際には、刃傷事件4か月後の元禄14年7月の内蔵助の実筆の手紙(お家再興嘆願を依頼された遠林寺の僧侶祐海への手紙)に「吉良殿つつがなきところは、大学様ご安否次第と存じ候」とある。
- In Oishi's letter written in August, 1701, 4 months after the raid (sent to a Buddhist priest at Enrin-ji Temple, Yukai who was asked for the entreaty of the restoration of the Asano clan), it says that 'Kira's safety depends on Daigaku's safety.'
- 内閣総理大臣は、第七条第一項の登録の申請があった場合においては、次条第一項の規定により登録を拒否する場合を除くほか、次に掲げる事項を管理型信託会社登録簿に登録しなければならない。
- Where an application for registration under Article 7(1) has been filed, the Prime Minister shall register the following matters in the Custodian Type Trust Companies' registry except when the Prime Minister refuses to register the Applicant pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the following Article:
- 内閣総理大臣は、第二十七条第一項の規定による権限(第六条各号に掲げる一般社団法人又は一般財団法人に該当するか否かの調査に関するものを除く。次項において同じ。)を委員会に委任する。
- The Prime Minister shall delegate its authority pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 27 (excluding the authority relating to the research on whether or not a public interest corporation falls under general incorporated associations or general incorporated foundations listed in respective items of Article 6: the same shall apply in the following paragraph) to the Commission.
- これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。
- As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep.
- 岩倉は政治的には伊藤博文と協力関係にあったが、伊藤や木戸孝允が構想した将来の上院形成のための華族増員(具体的には維新の功労者を華族を加える)と華族の政治参加には強い拒否反応を示した。
- Although Iwakura politically cooperated with Hirobumi ITO, he strongly rejected Ito and Takayoshi KIDO's ideas on kazoku, such as increasing the members of the kazoku class (specifically, by giving the title to persons who had contributed to the Meiji Restoration) to form an upper chamber in the future and allowing more kazoku's participation in politics.
- しかし、下国家はなおもかつての勢力圏の支配の意欲を捨てておらず、東海将軍を称して内外に出羽、陸奥北部から蝦夷にかけての支配圏を誇示しようとした(これには否定的見解も出されている。)。
- However, Shimonokuni family still did not give up the attempt to continue controlling where was once its sphere of influence, and tried to display the controlling range from the northern Mutsu Province to Ezo, by proclaiming itself Tokai Shogun (general of Tokai) within and outside the territory (About this, there are some contradictions).
- 実際、女系を認めた場合男系で継承する王朝交代の原則に従い前述した通り次々と王朝が交代していくこととなり現皇室との関係は年を追って薄れていくことになり、あながち否定することもできない。
- In fact, this cannot be denied; in case that the Female-line Emperor is approved, dynasty changes one after another, prescribed earlier in accordance with the principle; dynasty change in male-line succession, and the relationship with present imperial household is getting thinner year by year.
- 特に当時の訴訟手続は、訴訟当事者からの開催要求に対して奉行人などの訴訟担当者がその日程の可否を決めるという手続を取っていたため、担当者が拒絶すれば何年も訴訟が中断される恐れがあった。
- In the legal procedures, in particular, at that time, a party to a suit requested a hearing on certain dates and the person in charge of the case such as a magistrate decided on whether to approve the dates; thus, the lawsuit was likely to stop for years if he rejected the request.
- (朝鮮・韓国における日本起源否定の流れの一つに)別冊BUBKA2006年7月号33ページに「焼肉」の起源は日本であるが、日本発祥といえども始めたのは朝鮮人であるという説が掲載された。
- On page 33 of the July 2006 supplement edition of the magazine called BUBKA, it is stated (as one of a wave of denials in Korea of a Japanese origin) that 'Yakiniku' originated in Japan but even though its place of origin can said to be Japan, it was Korean residents of Japan who actually created it.
- こけいし梅林・一目万本・芭蕉句碑 「春もやゝけしきとのふ月と梅」と刻まれているが、松尾芭蕉が月ヶ瀬の地に来た事実を実証する資料は存在せず、本当に芭蕉の句であるか否かははっきりしない。
- Kokeishi Bairin/Hitome Manbon (ten thousand trees at a glance)/Basho's Poem Monument: the monument is inscribed with Basho's poem that reads 'I feel spring has finally come to see beautiful moon and plum flowers,' but there is no record of Basho MATSUO visiting Tsukigase and it is also not clear whether or not the poem was truly created by Basho.
- しかし、江戸末期から昭和や平成に至るまで、その時代時代の民俗学者の著書の発行と民俗学による権威付けが、妖怪という日本の民族文化の衰退の歯止めとして、一役買ったことは否めないであろう。
- However, from the end of the Edo period until the Showa and Heisei periods, it cannot be denied that publications of books by folklorists of the time and the prestige placed by folklore played a role in preventing the disappearance of yokai as an ethnic culture of Japan.
- たとえば能のシテ方に梅若流が設立されたときには、ワキ方や囃子方が旧来のシテ方五流に同調して共演を拒否し、実質上演能不能の状態に陥ったために、最終的に梅若流の分派行動は失敗におわった。
- For example, when Umewaka-ryu was established as a ryugi of shite-kata (main roles) in Noh, waki-kata (supporting actors) and hayashi-kata (players for musical accompaniment), sympathizing with the five conventional styles of shite-kata, refused to costar or play with Umewaka-ryu, forcing the new ryugi to give up performing any Noh play, and thus Umewaka-ryu's attempt to establish a new branch school ended in failure.
- 米内光政と東條英機は、自らの路線を否定されて辞めるので出席しても仕方がないというケースであるが、第3次近衛内閣総辞職時の近衛文麿は病欠で「91歳の清浦奎吾より悪いのか」と批判された。
- In the cases of Mitsumasa YONAI and Hideki TOJO, it was pointless for them to attend a conference when their own policy lines had been rejected and therefore they were resigning, but at the time of the entire third KONOE Cabinet resignation, when Fumimaro KONOE did not attend a conference because of illness, he drew a lot of criticism that said, 'Is he in a worse condition than 91-year-old Keigo KIYOURA?'
- しかしながら、律令制の根幹を成す王土王民思想や一君万民思想は武家政治の根幹を成す封建制とは相容れない存在であり、建武の新政は謂わば時代遅れの政治体制であったことは否めなくなっていた。
- However, the concepts of odo omin and ikkun banmin, which were the basis of the Ritsuryo system, were incompatible with the feudal system, which was the basis of the samurai government and therefore it could not be denied that the Kenmu Restoration was, in a sense, an outdated political system.
- 再生債務者等は、届出がされていない再生債権があることを知っている場合には、当該再生債権について、自認する内容その他最高裁判所規則で定める事項を第一項の認否書に記載しなければならない。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc., if he/she knows that there is any rehabilitation claim that has not been filed, shall state, in the statement of approval or disapproval set forth in paragraph (1), what he/she is aware of and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court with regard to such rehabilitation claim.
- 第百二十七条第一項若しくは第三項又は第百二十七条の二第一項に規定する行為が否認されたときは、相手方は、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める権利を行使することができる。
- When an act prescribed in Article 127(1) or (3) or Article 127-2(1) is avoided, the other party may exercise a right set forth in each of the following items for the categories listed in the respective items:
- 足利義満が急死すると、4代将軍の足利義持は斯波義将に補佐され、義満に対する太上天皇の追号を辞退し、勘合貿易での明との通商を一時停止するなど義満の政策を否定し幕政を守旧的なものに改める。
- When Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA suddenly died, the fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, was supported by Yoshimasa SHIBA, and refused to bestow the posthumous name of Emperor Daijo on Yoshimitsu; he also repudiated Yoshimitsu's policies, for example by temporarily halting the tally trade with Ming China, and sought to return the bakufu government to a more conservative stance.
- その遂行のために蓮淳の娘婿で加賀の末寺の一つ超勝寺(元は越前にあり前述の本泉寺とともに追放されていた)の住持であった実顕が代官に任じられて「両御山」体制を否認する命令を加賀各地に出す。
- In order to carry out the policy, Jikken, who was Renjun's adopted son-in-law and the chief priest of Chosho-ji Temple, one of branch temples in Kaga Province (originally it has been in Echizen Province, but it was banished as with Honsen-ji Temple mentioned previously) was appointed as deputy and issued an order to deny 'Two Temples' system throughout Kaga Province.
- 清和天皇に二人の娘を入内させたのに続き、陽成天皇の元服に際し、さらに娘の藤原佳美子または藤原温子を入内させようとしたのを、母后の高子が拒否したためではないかというのが、近年の説である。
- There is a recent theory regarding the above situation, which asserts that Mototsune sent his two daughters to become Emperor Seiwa's ladies, followed by sending another daughter, either FUJIWARA no Kamiko or FUJIWARA no Onshito, to Emperor Seiwa when Emperor Yozei had his coming-of-age ceremony; however, the Empress might have refused to have them.
- しかし、王国が用意したもてなしは、来客への慣例として行ったものに過ぎず、清からの冊封使に対するもてなしよりも下位の料理を出すことで、暗黙の内にペリーへの拒否(親書の返答)を示していた。
- The hospitality the kingdom extended to Perry and his officers, however, amounted to nothing more than a very ordinary level of hospitality--the dishes prepared were inferior to those offered to the Qing Dynasty's Imperial Chinese missions, an implicit indication that the kingdom was returning a negative response to the letter from the United States.
- 時行軍を駆逐した尊氏は後醍醐天皇の帰京命令を拒否してそのまま鎌倉に居を据え、乱の鎮圧に付き従った将士に独自に恩賞を与えたり、関東にあった新田氏の領地を勝手に没収するなど新政から離反する。
- Takauji, after destroying Tokiyuki's army, violated Emperor Godaigo's order to return to the capital and installed himself in Kamakura instead; having become alienated from the new government, he showed his disaffection by bestowing unique rewards on the officers and men who had fought with him to put down the rebellion, and by willfully seizing the territory of the Nitta clan in the Kanto (eastern Japan).
- 仲介役の坂本臣等の祖である根臣が、大草香皇子の「お受けする」との返答に付けた押木玉鬘(おしきのたまかつら:金銅冠?)を横取りするために、天皇に「大草香皇子は拒否した」と偽りの讒言をする。
- The agent Ne no Omi (the ancestor of Sakamoto no Omi) made a false remark to the Emperor, saying that the Imperial Prince Okusaka refused the order, in order to pocket the Oshiki no Tamakatsura Crown (made of gold and copper?) that the Imperial Prince Okusaka had trusted to Ne no Omi to show his acceptance.
- ただし、十七条憲法や大化の改新と同様、文章の内容が後世の装飾であったとしても上表文の存在そのものを否定する材料とまでは言えないとして、552年伝来の事実そのものはあったとする見方もある。
- However, some people say that the fact of the introduction in 552 must be true, because even if there was a modification of contents in later years, it cannot deny the existence of Johyobun itself immediately.
- これは戦時体制下で過度に利用されたが、皇国史観それ自体は極度に否定されるものではなく、長い日本の歴史の歩みの中で国民に継承されてきた伝統、文化的な価値観として肯定的に評価するものである。
- Although it was overly exploited by the wartime regime, the Kokoku Shikan (an emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) itself should not be seen as something to be vehemently denied, but as something that should be positively valued as representing cultural values that have been passed down from one generation of the Japanese people to the next over the course of Japan's long history.
- 頼朝の直系が断絶し、困惑した幕府は、朝廷へ親王将軍を要望したが、治天の君・後鳥羽天皇はこれを拒否し、曲折の末、頼朝の遠縁に当たる摂関家の幼児藤原頼経が新将軍=鎌倉殿として迎え入れられた。
- Yoritomo's direct family line died out and the bakufu, concerned by this, requested that the Imperial Court appoint an Imperial Prince shogun, but Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power), the Emperor Gotoba refused this and as a result of a series of complicated moves, a Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) infant, FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, who was distantly related to Yoritomo, was welcomed as a new shogun = Kamakura-dono.
- ただし、幕府としても本来の趣旨は軍役奉仕であったため、藩財政が破綻して軍役が不可能となることは、参勤交代の趣旨を根底的に否定する事になるため、大名行列の制限を行うなどの措置を採っている。
- But because the bakufu introduced the system for military service, clans' failure to do military service owing to their financial difficulty was detrimental to the foundation of the system, which led the bakufu to take measures such as restricting daimyo-gyoretsu (daimyo's procession).
- 天正13年(1585年)には甲斐へ着陣して昌幸に沼田領の北条氏への引き渡しを求めるが、昌幸は徳川氏から与えられた領地ではないことを理由にして拒否し、さらに敵対関係にあった上杉氏と通じた。
- In 1585, Ieyasu arrived at an encampment in Kai and requested that Masayuki hand over Numata territory to the Hojo clan, but Masasuke rejected the request on the grounds that the territory was not given by the Tokugawa clan, and communicated with the Uesugi clan who was in a hostile relationship with him.
- また、『日本書紀』垂仁紀には、野見宿禰が日葉酢媛命の陵墓へ殉死者を埋める代わりに土で作った人馬を立てることを提案したという(埴輪の起源説話であるが考古学的には否定されている)記載がある。
- According to Suininki in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), NOMI no Sukune suggested to bury the people and horses made of earth instead of burying people who sacrifice their own lives to follow the Empress in the imperial mausoleum of Hibasuhime no mikoto (it is a narrative about the origin of haniwa [a clay figure]; however, it is not admitted archaeologically).
- 破産管財人は、一般調査期日が定められたときは、当該一般調査期日に出頭し、債権届出期間内に届出があった破産債権について、第百十七条第一項各号に掲げる事項についての認否をしなければならない。
- A bankruptcy trustee, when an ordinary date of investigation is specified, shall appear on said ordinary date of investigation and state his/her approval or disapproval of the matters listed in the items of Article 117(1) with regard to each bankruptcy claim filed during the period for filing proofs of claims.
- 紫式部が『紫式部日記』(『紫日記』)で清少納言の人格と業績を全否定するかの如き筆誅を加えているのに対し、清少納言が『枕草子』で紫式部評を残していない一方的な関係からもこの見方は支持される。
- Murasaki Shikibu denounced Sei Shonagon in 'Murasaki Shikibu Diary' ('Murasaki Diary') as if she absolutely denied Sei Shonagon's personality and achievement, but Sei Shonagon never wrote about Murasaki Shikibu in 'The Pillow Book,' which suggests that the view mentioned above is correct.
- しかし西園寺は日露戦争を要因とした財政難や国際関係の問題などを理由に拒否した為、上原は軍部大臣現役武官制を利用して西園寺内閣を内閣総辞職へ追い込み、陸軍主導の内閣を成立させようと画策した。
- However, SAIONJI's refusal on grounds of fiscal problems stemming from the Russo-Japanese War and of issues of international relations led to UEHARA driving the Saionji administration to mass resignation by taking advantage of the law requiring that the military-related ministers to be named from among active-duty military officers in order to form an army-led administration.
- 届出をした再生債権を取得した者は、債権届出期間が経過した後でも、届出名義の変更を受けることができる。第百一条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権を取得した者についても、同様とする。
- A person who has acquired a filed rehabilitation claim may receive a change of the name of the holder of filed claim even after the expiration of the period for filing proofs of claims. The same shall apply to a person who has acquired a rehabilitation claim stated in a statement of approval or disapproval under the provision of Article 101(3).
- 三社参りの風習のない人々からすると、初詣で複数の神社に参るというのは少し特異なことであり、「ありがたみが減るのではないか」「あまりよくないのではないか」と否定的に捉える場合もあるようである。
- Visiting multiple shrines on New Year's Holidays sounds a little peculiar to the people who do no have a custom of sanshamairi and some of them get it negatively saying 'It may reduce appreciation,' and 'It may be not so good.'
- したがって国防方針は帝国軍の国防は東アジアにおいて日本の国家戦略を侵害しようとする国に対して攻勢を取ることを定め、さらに満州や韓国に利権を扶植したので、国土での専守防衛を明確に否定している。
- Therefore, the policy for national defense stated that the national defense by the Imperial Army would take the offensive against countries that attempted to violate Japan's national strategy in East Asia, and clearly rejected the defense-only policy due to the establishment of interests in Manchuria and Korea.
- 廃藩置県は平安時代後期以来続いてきた特定の領主がその領地・所領を支配するという土地支配のあり方を根本的に否定・変革するものであり、「明治維新における最大の改革」であったと言えるものであった。
- Haihan-chiken fundamentally denied/changed the traditional way of ruling land, under which a specific lord ruled his territory, that had existed since the late Heian period, and was said to be 'the biggest reform implemented in the Meiji Restoration'.
- この法律に相当する外国の法令の規定により当該外国において受けている第六十七条第一項と同種類の登録を取り消され、又は当該登録の更新を拒否された場合において、その取消しの日から五年を経過しない者
- a person whose registration of the same kind as registration under Article 67(1) but which is obtained in a foreign state pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations of the foreign state that are equivalent to this Act has been rescinded, or for whom the renewal of said registration has been refused and for whom five years have yet to elapse since the date of rescission;
- また町火消の消火活動自体が、延焼家屋やその周辺の家屋を素早く曳き倒し(解体、壊す)防火帯をつくるという荒っぽい作業であったが、その緊急時、危険な場所での技術が解体業の礎になったことは否めない。
- Speaking of firefighting activities performed by machihikeshi, the activities were regarded as rough works involving the prompt demolition of fire-spread houses and their neighboring houses to create fire lines, and it is undeniable that such techniques used in dangerous areas in emergencies became the cornerstone of demolition work.
- 幕府側にはそれを拒否する力は無く、安政の大獄で失脚した徳川慶喜を将軍後見職、松平春嶽を政事総裁職、松平容保(会津藩主)を京都守護職とするなどの人事を含む改革を余儀なくされた(文久の改革参照)。
- The bakufu side was not yet strong enough to resist that messenger, and had to accept the reformation, including personnel affairs such as appointing Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who lost his standing during the Ansei purge, as a guardian of the shogun, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA as Seiji sosai shoku (roughly, director-general of political affairs), and Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu clan) as Kyoto shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) (See Bunkyu Reform).
- 反証可能性に至っていないもの、地球温暖化の進行程度の差を指摘するものなどが多く見られ、いずれの場合も化石燃料由来温室効果ガスの地球温暖化効果自体を否定する科学的根拠が示されているわけではない。
- There are many theories, some of which are not convincing and some of which point out the difference in degree of the progress of global warming; in summary, any of them does not show a scientific ground for denying the influence of global warning caused by greenhouse gases originated from fossil fuel.
- 裁判所による再生債権の調査は、前条第二項に規定する事項について、再生債務者等が作成した認否書並びに再生債権者及び再生債務者(管財人が選任されている場合に限る。)の書面による異議に基づいてする。
- An investigation of rehabilitation claims by the court shall be conducted, with regard to the matters prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, based on a statement of approval or disapproval prepared by the rehabilitation debtor, etc. as well as written objections made by rehabilitation creditors and by the rehabilitation debtor (limited to cases where a trustee is appointed).
- しかし、発掘される遺跡の増加に伴い、「銅鐸文化圏」の地域で銅矛や銅剣が、吉野ヶ里遺跡のような「銅矛文化圏」内で銅鐸や銅鐸の鋳型が出土するといったことが増えたことから、今では否定的に見られている。
- However, with an expansion of excavation this theory is now viewed in a negative light because of more bronze spearheads and bronze swords being found in the region of the 'bronze bell cultural area' and, on the other hand, more bronze bells and their molds being found within the 'bronze spearheads cultural area' such as Yoshinogari Ruins.
- なおかつ支配者の統治・命令の絶対性を前提とした前近代の日本(及び東アジア)社会においては、民衆が裁判を請求する権利を否定して支配者が民衆に法的保護を与える義務がないことを認める効果を与えていた。
- Moreover, in the Japanese (and east Asian) society before modern times that premised absoluteness of domination and order by governors, it gave an effect to deny people's right to ask for trial and to confirm that governors had no obligation to give people a legal protection.
- しかし、文治的だった義隆政権を否定して軍事力強化に走った義長・晴賢連合の新政権は、大内家支配下にあった国人や諸大名への賦役を増大させたために、かえって反発を受けるなど領国統治に不安を抱えていた。
- However, since the new government of Yoshinaga-Harukata alliance which tried to enhance the military forces while denying the civilian Yoshitaka government increased slave labor to local lords and territorial lords under the rule of the Ouchi family, and it was rather resisted and experienced unsteadiness in ruling territory.
- 同年6月3日、幕府を代表した足利義詮が広義門院へ上皇の代理を申し入れたが、広義門院は三上皇・親王の拉致に全くなすすべなかった幕府及び公家たちに強い不信感をあらわにし、義詮の申し出を完全に拒否した。
- On June 3, 1351, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the bakufu representative, offered Kogimonin a position as the representative of the Retired Emperor, but Kogimonin expressed deep distrust for the bakufu and Court nobles, who had been unable to do anything when the three retired emperors and the Imperial prince were abducted, and she completely rejected Yoshiakira's offer,
- このような関白不在が許されない状況下において、長年上卿として太政官において政務にあたってきた高明が臨時に関白に就任する可能性も否定できず、長年の藤原氏による摂関独占の原則が崩壊する可能性があった。
- Under such circumstances where the absence of the grand minister of state would be unacceptable, the possibility of Takaakira, who had been conducting governmental affairs for years as chief of daijokan, temporarily being appointed to Grand Minister of State could not be denied, and this would disrupt the years of dominance in sekkan (regents and advisers) by the Fujiwara clan.
- 一方、こうしたジェンダーフリーの立場からの鯉のぼり批判は、石原慎太郎東京都知事から東京都議会(平成16年第2回定例会)において、「伝統文化まで拒否する極端でグロテスクな主張」として批判されている。
- However, the criticism of koi-nobori from the gender-free standpoint was countered by Tokyo Governor Shintaro ISHIHARA of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly (the second regular meeting in 2004), who said 'it is an extreme and bizarre allegation that even denies traditional culture.'
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、裁判所は、必要があると認めるときは、第三款の規定により、破産債権の調査を、そのための期日における破産管財人の認否並びに破産債権者及び破産者の異議に基づいてすることができる。
- Notwithstanding the provision of the preceding paragraph, the court, when it finds it necessary, may conduct an investigation of bankruptcy claims pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 3 based on an approval or disapproval given by a bankruptcy trustee as well as objections made by bankruptcy creditors and by the bankrupt on the date set for the investigation.
- また、両皇子発見譚が仮に史実ではなかったとしても「史実でない物語が付加された」ということにすぎず、天皇系譜そのものを否定したことにはならないとし、億計・弘計の両天皇の存在を主張する意見も少なくない。
- In addition, there are more than a few opinions that, even if the story of discovery of the two princes were not a historical fact, it is only that 'a story which is not a historical fact was appended' and it does not deny the Imperial lineage itself, thus advocating the actual existence of the two emperors who had been called Oke no miko.
- 近藤成一は、従来の議論は国家権力が単一であることを前提としているが、その前提を捨てて、国家権力の並存・対立を視野に入れるならば、鎌倉幕府の成立は朝廷から権限を受権したか否かに必ずしも関係しないとした
- Seiichi KONDO mentions that the traditional arguments depend on the assumption that the national authority was unitary, but undermining the assumption and taking the coexistence and the confrontation of national authority into consideration, the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu did not necessarily have a connection with whether it was empowered by the Imperial Court or not.
- 水野の三王朝交替説はその後様々な研究者により補強あるいは批判がなされていくが、現在では万世一系を否定する学者でも水野の唱えるように全く異なる血統による劇的な王権の交替があったと考えるものは多くない。
- Later, Mizuno's changes of three dynasties theory has been reinforced or criticized by various researchers and at present even among the scholars denying the unbroken imperial line, not many think that there was dramatic change of sovereignty with the entirely different blood line as Mizuno advocated.
- これにより、江戸幕府の財政難に拍車がかかったことは否めないが一方で、同時期に出された服忌令、捨子禁止令からも見られるように、道徳観を民衆に扶植することで、文治政治を強化する狙いがあったともいえよう。
- It cannot be denied that this law accelerated financial difficulties of the Edo bakufu, but it was designed to strengthen bunchi seiji by establishing a sense of morality among the common people, as seen in the law of mourning or the prohibition of abandonment of children issued around the same time.
- かねてより日本の近代化そのものに否定的な考えを持っていることで知られた元田に警戒感を抱いていた伊藤は、ただちに「教育議」を執筆して元田の主張こそ現実離れの空論であると噛み付き、両者は激しく論争した。
- For a long time, Ito had been wary of Motoda who was known for his adverse opinion towards the modernization of Japan, and Ito immediately wrote 'Kyoikugi' (Proposition on Education) protesting vehemently that Motoda's view is the unrealistic theory; and thus they fiercely confronted each other.
- そのうちでも公使館周辺区域の警察権を列国に引き渡したり、海岸から北京までの諸拠点に列国の駐兵権を認めるといったものは、清朝領域内でその国権が否定され、列国が統治する地域が生ずるものに他ならなかった。
- Among all, giving away police powers in areas nearby legations to the Powers and allowing the Powers to station their troops in various places from the coast to Beijing and so on meant no other than the denial of Qin rights in its territory and appearances of districts under the rule of the Powers.
- 第百二十七条第三項に規定する行為が否認された場合において、相手方は、当該行為の当時、支払の停止等があったこと及び再生債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、その現に受けている利益を償還すれば足りる。
- Where an act prescribed in Article 127(3) is avoided, if the other party did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place nor the fact that the act would prejudice any rehabilitation creditor, it shall be sufficient for the other party to return the actual enrichment that he/she enjoys.
- これに対し、東京帝大教授の一木喜徳郎は、統治権は法人たる国家に帰属するとした国家法人説に基づき、天皇は国家の諸機関のうち最高の地位を占めるものと規定する天皇機関説を唱え、天皇の神格的超越性を否定した。
- On the other hand, based on the state authority theory in which sovereignty resides with the state as a public authority, Kitokuro ICHIKI, a professor of Tokyo Imperial University, proclaimed the Emperor Organ Theory in which the emperor was defined as the highest position in state authorities and the emperor's divine superiority was denied.
- 更に時応界都(辛戒道)は偽使者とされており、1421年4月7日に正式な宗氏の使者である仇安里が「時応界都(辛戒道)の言ったことは妄言である。対馬を攻めるのは日本を攻めるのと同じだ」と強く否定している。
- Moreover, although he claimed to be an emissary of Korea, Shiokatsu (also known as Keido SHIN) is believed to have been an imposter, and in the entry for the seventh day of the fourth month of 1420, Anri KYU, the official envoy of Sejong, is recorded as having been highly critical of Shiokatsu, saying: 'What Shiokatsu has said is rash and thoughtless. To attack Tsushima is to attack Japan.'
- 霊元法皇が新宮家創設に反対したとする説があるが、法皇の天皇在位中にも新宮家創設を要望して拒否された経緯があり、自分の代には認めず親幕府派の東山天皇の要望によって認めたことへの不満があったとされている。
- There was a theory that the Cloistered Emperor Reigen was against establishing a new Miyake, and he was not in favor of the Miyake when it was requested while he was in power as an Emperor, he was frustrated that it had been approved at the request of Emperor Higashiyama, while he supported the shogunate government and not when he was in power.
- 再生債務者等は、第三十四条第一項に規定する再生債権の調査をするための期間(以下「一般調査期間」という。)前の裁判所の定める期限までに、前各項の規定により作成した認否書を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc. shall submit a statement of approval or disapproval prepared pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs by the time limit set by the court prior to the period for conducting an investigation of rehabilitation claims prescribed in Article 34(1) (hereinafter referred to as the 'ordinary period for investigation').
- 再生計画案が否決されたとき、又は第百七十二条の五第一項本文及び第四項の規定により債権者集会の続行期日が定められた場合において、同条第二項及び第三項の規定に適合する期間内に再生計画案が可決されないとき。
- Where a proposed rehabilitation plan is rejected, or where a further date for a creditors meeting is designated pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of Article 172-5(1) and paragraph (4) of said Article, and the proposed rehabilitation plan is not approved within the period that conforms to the provisions of paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of said Article.
- なお、後醍醐天皇が元弘の乱によって隠岐諸島に流罪となり、かわって光厳天皇(現在では北朝 (日本)天皇とされている)が即位したものの、後に隠岐を脱出し帰京した後醍醐天皇によって光厳天皇の即位は否定された。
- Emperor Godaigo was exiled to the Oki Islands due to the Genko War and Emperor Kogon (currently the Northern Court [Japan] Emperor) ascended the throne, but Emperor Godaigo who escaped from the Oki Islands and came back to Kyoto denied the enthronement of Emperor Kogon.
- こういった傾向は、院政期に入って顕著になってくるもので、王朝が摂関政治の否定、そして武家勢力との対決へと向かう中で、勅撰集において天皇の存在を大きく打ち出していく必要があったのではないか、とされている。
- Such tendency became conspicuous during the insei period (during the period of the government by a retired Emperor), and they say that it could be because it was necessary to emphasize existence of the emperor in Chokusenshu during the period in which the dynasty negated regency and moved toward conflicts with the power of the samurai.
- また各国の国旗掲揚、国歌斉唱が脱帽起立のうえ厳粛におこなわれることを根拠として教育現場での日の丸・君が代への否定的対応および拒否を推奨するかのような日教組教育を国際的に非常識なものと批判する主張がある。
- There is also an assertion based on the fact that raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem are carried out solemnly with hats off and uprising that education in the way of Nikkyoso which seems to recommend negative response or denial of Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) and Kimigayo is internationally preposterous,
- 入信を断った場合に、非合法な物理力の行使による信仰の強制(もしくは拒否)や団体への寄付は勿論、勧誘した側の信仰を反対する親類への弱みに付け込んだ慰謝料を口実とした恐喝等と言った犯罪に発展することもある。
- If the inducement to the religion is rejected, then it may turn to a crime, which is first of all the forced affiliation to (or rejection of) the religion or donation to the organization by exertion of unlawful physical power, or which is blackmail with the excuse of payment for pain and suffering exploiting the weak point of the relatives opposing the religious belief, or the like.
- これには国家が利益追求を行って庶民から財を貪るものだとして儒学者から反対の声が上がり、次の昭帝 (漢)の代にはこの政策の賛否を巡る論争会が開かれた(この論争を纏めたのが『塩鉄論』であると言われている)。
- Confucian scholars protested agasint this policy, saying that the nation was pursuing profits and depriving the property of the common people, so the next Emperor Zhao (Han) held a debate to discuss the pros and cons of this policy (it is said that this debate was summarized into 'Discourses on Salt and Iron').
- だが、岩倉による代案が地租の米納復帰と言う江戸時代の年貢への復帰という提案であっために、黒田清隆ら一部の支持を得たのみでこれも否決され、最終的に大隈と伊藤が代案を作成するという結論に落ち着いたのである。
- But Iwakura's alternative plan too was rejected, which gained only a little support from Kiyotaka KURODA and a few others because it suggested to pay land tax by rice which means a return to nengu (annual tribute, land tax) system of Edo Period, so Okuma and Ito ended up drawing another alternative plan.
- ソメイヨシノは韓国の王桜を期限とする説もあったが、2007年米国農務省による遺伝子調査によって、韓国の王桜は韓国固有であり日本のソメイヨシノとは別種であることが確認されたため、本説は完全に否定されている。
- There was a theory regarding the Osakura (王桜), of Korea, as the origin of Someiyoshino, but in 2007 it was confirmed through genetic research by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that the Osakura of Korea is peculiar to Korea and is a different species from the Someiyoshino of Japan, and consequently this theory has been thoroughly refuted.
- この中西説に対して、細井浩志は『続日本紀』が道鏡政権を批判する際には、後日に'不正の暴露'などの形で対になる事実を提示しており、神託事件についてのみ創作を加えたとは考えにくいとして、中西説を否定している。
- Against this theory by NAKANISHI, Hiroshi HOSOI denies it, by stating that when 'Shoku Nihongi' criticizes the Dokyo administration, it presents a fact that forms a pair such as 'disclosure of injustice' in later dates, and it is hard to believe that the author added fiction to the part which deals with the oracle only.
- その一方で、本来は禁中外の存在である「院政の否定」を対朝廷の基本政策としてきた幕府が後水尾上皇(法皇)の院政を認めざるを得なかった背景には東福門院が夫の政治方針に理解を示し、その院政を擁護したからでもある。
- Moreover, the government had set a basic policy to prevent a 'ruling cloister government,' which should have been naturally up to the Imperial Palace to control; however, the government had no choice but to accept the cloister government of Retired (Cloistered) Emperor Gomizunoo, since Tofukumonin understood her husband's intention to rule the cloister government and protected him from the political pressure.
- 破産債権査定申立てがあった場合には、裁判所は、これを不適法として却下する場合を除き、決定で、異議等のある破産債権の存否及び額等を査定する裁判(次項において「破産債権査定決定」という。)をしなければならない。
- Where a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment is filed, the court, by an order, shall make a judicial decision to assess the existence or nonexistence of the denied/disputed bankruptcy claim and the amount, etc. thereof (hereinafter referred to as a 'bankruptcy claim assessment order' in the following paragraph), except where it dismisses the petition as unlawful without prejudice.
- 河内祥輔は東国独立論の存在を否定(平広常の個人的意見でしかないと)する立場から、頼朝の立場を平家政権の支配からの独立とそれに代わる朝廷との関係構築を求めて、一貫して後白河法皇との直接交渉を望んだ点を重視する。
- From the standpoint that denies the existence of the argument about the independence of the Togoku region (and regards it as only a personal opinion of TAIRA no Hirotsune), Shosuke KOUCHI focuses on the fact that Yoritomo consistently desired to negotiate directly with the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa seeking independence from the ruling of the Heike government and the relationship building with the Imperial Court in lieu thereof.
- 当初から解放令の公布は天皇制の否定に直結しかねない行為であり天皇制と矛盾する、といった意見が明治政府内から数多く出ており、明治政府としては部落解放政策は勿論の事、解放令の存在も到底認めがたい物でしかなかった。
- From the beginning, there were many opinions expressed from the inside of the Meiji Government that the proclamation of Kaiho Rei could be action to directly connect with negation of Emperor system and would conflict with Emperor system, and thus, Buraku emancipation policy, of course, and presence of Kaiho Rei also were intolerable matters for Meiji Government.
- 鳥越憲三郎が唱えた説で、三王朝交替説では実在を否定されている神武天皇及びいわゆる欠史八代の天皇は実在した天皇であり、崇神王朝以前に存在した奈良県葛城地方を拠点とした王朝であったが崇神王朝に滅ぼされたとする説。
- It was the theory advocated by Kensaburo TORIGOE that Emperor Jinmu and so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight undocumented Sovereigns), who were denied the existence in the changes of the three dynasties theory, were actual persons and they set the base on Katsuragi region in Nara Prefecture before the reign of Emperor Sujin who destroyed the dynasty.
- 岩倉具視は佐々木の天皇の意向を直接利用した方法には反対であったが、自分に相談無く政策を進める参議(伊藤・大隈)への牽制を目的にこれに乗る形で6月3日に明治天皇の勅諭を得ることによって大隈案を否定したのである。
- Implying to warn against Councilors (Ito and Okuma), who carried out policies without consulting him, Tomomi IWAKURA denied Okuma proposal by winning Emperor Meiji's instructions on June 3, taking advantage of Sasaki's move even though Iwakura opposed to Sasaki's way of directly exploiting Emperor's will.
- 信長の敵対者である伊賀忍者に守られた逃避行は、後世、光秀方に誅されることを恐れたものとされるが、 本来は信長方に誅されることを恐れて事前に準備されたものだった、ないし、 自己の関与を否定するための演出であった。
- Although it was told later that Ieyasu's runaway trip guarded by Iga ninja (a secret agent (in feudal Japan) highly skilled in stealth and secrecy), who were opponents to Nobunaga was because of Ieyasu's fear against to be killed by the Mitsuhide's side, it was originally prepared in advance based on Ieyasu's fear against being killed by the Nobunaga's side or it was an arrangement to deny his participation in the plot.
- 大日本帝国憲法では、天皇は統治権の総攬者とされていたのに対し、日本国憲法では日本国・日本国民統合の象徴とされ、かつ国民主権原理を採用したため、日本国憲法の制定により日本の国体が変わったか否かについて起きた論争。
- Since in the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, the Emperor was in a position to control the right to rule, but against that, in the Constitution of Japan, is a symbol of Japan and the unity of the Japanese people and has also adopted the principle of sovereignty with the people, disputes over whether or not the national structure of Japan changed by the establishment of the Constitution of Japan, broke out.
- 李氏朝鮮王朝では日本へ派遣した使節が帰国し、その報告が西人派(正使の黄允吉は戦争が近いことを警告)と東人派(副使の金誠一は日本の侵略はあったとしても先の話と否定)で別れ、政権派閥の東人派が戦争の警告を無視した。
- During the Yi Dynasty Korea, delegates dispatched to Japan returned and the Seijinha group (黄允吉, who was seishi (senior envoy), warned that war would occur in the near future) and the Tojinha group (金誠一, who was the vice envoy, denied saying that invasion by Japan would not be in the near future) made different reports and the Tojinha group, the fraction in power, ignored the warning about the potential of war.
- 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
- It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.
- 同学会は天皇来学に際し、(当時の左翼勢力の主流がしていたように)天皇制反対を声高に訴えるのでなく「歓迎もしなければ拒否もしない」「(天皇を)一個人として迎える」という態度を取り、学生と天皇との会見を要求していた。
- For the Emperor's visit, Dogakukai took a position of 'We will neither welcome nor reject his visit' and 'We will receive (the Emperor) as an individual,' rather than vociferously appealing the abolition of the Imperial system (unlike other left-wing organizations which did so), and requested to meet the Emperor.
- これは『利休茶湯書』の他にも、『堺鑑』(1684)などから引用が行われた事実が確認されているためであり、その編纂に用いられたであろう資料に、現存しない利休関係の資料が含まれていた可能性は否定しきれないからである。
- That's because it is confirmed that not only 'Rikyu's Tea Ceremony' but also 'Sakaikagami' (a topography of Sakai) and other materials are quoted in Nanboroku, so that no one can deny the possibility that lost materials about Rikyu were included in the ones for the compilation.
- また、年貢を納める「年貢地」と公事を納める「公事地」に分けて賦課する方法も行われるようになったが、太閤検地によって公事の賦課の権限及び公事地の存在は否定され、年貢の米納を中心とした租税体系に移行することになった。
- Also, a method separately imposing 'nenguji' that was paid with nengu and 'kujiji' that was paid with kuji began to be applied, but power of imposition kuji had as well as existence of kujiji were denied by Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey), then it turned to be a taxation system mainly paying with rice.
- 再生手続開始の申立て等の日から一年以上前にした行為(第百二十七条第三項に規定する行為を除く。)は、支払の停止があった後にされたものであること又は支払の停止の事実を知っていたことを理由として否認することができない。
- Any act conducted not less than one year before the date of filing of a petition for commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, etc. (excluding the act prescribed in Article 127(3)) may not be avoided by reason that the act was conducted after suspension of payments had taken place or while knowing the fact of suspension of payments.
- 摂関などの高官による上表は3回行われてそのうち2回目までは天皇から慰留を受けて上表が返却され、3度目の上表を受けて天皇から辞任の可否が判断される(上表を納れて辞任を認めるか、返して辞任を拒否する)のが慣例とされた。
- For the officials in high positions such as Sekkan (Regent to the Emperor), it became a custom in which, Johyo was handed three times: the first two times, the Emperor asked for dissuasion from resigning or leaving and handed it back and the third time he made a decision (whether to accept the Johyo and the resignation or hand it back to reject the resignation).
- だが、戦国時代_(日本)に入り、幕府の権威は低下して下剋上によって幕府の力に依存せずに自力で領国を形成した戦国大名達はこの特権を否定し始めるとともに、自らの権限としてこれを付与あるいは剥奪を行うようになっていった。
- After the Sengoku Period, however, the authority of the bakufu declined and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) who formed their own territories by winning gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) without dependence on the bakufu's power not only began to deny the privilege but also came to grant or despoil it as their own rights.
- このような形になったのは全くの偶然であり、弘前第31連隊は「雪中行軍に関する服装、行軍方法等」の全般に亘る研究が目的だったのに対し、青森第5連隊は「雪中における軍の展開、物資の輸送の可否」が目的だったとされている。
- Such allocations were by pure accident, and it appears the aim of the 5th Aomori Regiment was to research 'how to deploy the troops in the snow and whether or not it is possible to carry the goods,' while that of the 31st Hirosaki Regiment was to research 'the attire for march in the snow, the way of marching and others' as a whole.
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録の申請をした投資法人が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse to file the registration when the Investment Corporation that has applied for the registration falls under any of the following items, or when the written application for registration or the documents attached thereto contain false statements or lack statements on important facts:
- 内閣総理大臣は、申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は第三項の申請書若しくは第四項各号に掲げる添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- When the Applicant falls under any of the following items, or when the written application set forth in paragraph (3) or any of the attached documents listed in the items of paragraph (4) include any false statements or fail to state any material facts, the Prime Minister shall refuse to register the Applicant:
- 総会の議事は、総会員の半数以上が出席し、その議決権の過半数で決し、可否同数のときは、議長の決するところによる。ただし、第二百八十五条第二項第一号及び第四号の議事は、出席した会員の議決権の三分の二以上の多数で決する。
- Decisions at a General Meeting shall be made by a majority vote of the members present when at least half of all members are present and by the chairperson in the event of a tie; provided, however, that decisions on the matters set forth in Article 285, paragraph (2), item (i) and item (iv) shall be made by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the members present.
- 強制的な拘束や拷問などを行わずに「神の意思」の名のもとで当事者の合意を得られる方法として広く行われたが、あくまでも双方の証人・証文などの証拠類を揃えて吟味した結果でも事実の成否が確定できない場合などに限定されていた。
- It was widely used as a method which enabled people to obtain agreements from both claimants without the exercise of detentions or tortures at 'the will of the gods,' but its use was limited only to the cases in which the truth could not be ascertained even after the thorough investigation of evidence such as witnesses or documents collected from the both parties.
- 相論の対象となる集団からそれぞれ代表者を指名し、代表者は精進潔斎の上に立会いの役人らの前で掌に牛王宝印を広げ、その上に灼熱した鉄を乗せて、それを素手で持ち運びその完遂の度合いによって所属集団の主張の当否が判断された。
- Representatives who were selected from each of the disputing groups, after purifying themselves by abstaining from eating meat, spread Gohoins (talisman) on their palms, held red-hot iron onto them and carried the iron with their bare hands in front of presenting government officials, then validity of the claims from their belonging groups was determined according to the degree of their accomplishment.
- しかし、その形式が従来と違い文中に中国皇帝のみが使用する「皇」や「勅」の語があったことで、朝鮮側はそれらは朝鮮にたいし日本を上位におくととらえ、また近代化を進める日本を「仮洋夷」として警戒してその受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean government refused to accept it saying that the note was written in a style that differed from the conventional one and containing words '皇' and '勅'--traditionally used only by Chinese emperors-- suggested that Japan was superior to Korea, and warning that Japan's modernization was based on 'a presumed doctrine of excluding western threats.'
- 前条第一項(同条第七項において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による保全処分が命じられた場合において、再生手続開始の決定があったときは、否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人は、当該保全処分に係る手続を続行することができる。
- Where a temporary restraining order under the provision of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of said Article) is issued, if an order of commencement of rehabilitation proceedings is made, a supervisor empowered to avoid or a trustee may continue the procedure pertaining to the temporary restraining order.
- いわゆる古史古伝の竹内文書などに使用されている神代文字も「上代には8母音あったはずなのに、なぜか5母音のままで上代の仮名遣いに配慮していない」ということから、そうした仮名遣いの区別がなくなった後世の偽書として否定した。
- They criticized Jindai-moji (written language claimed to have existed before the introduction of Chinese characters) used in the so-called Koshi Koden (unofficial ancient documents) including Takeuchi-monjo (alleged record of the lineage of ancient gods and a dynasty preceding Emperor Jinmu) for 'having only five vowels and not adopting the ancient Kana usage of eight vowels' and denied it as having been forged in a later era when such distinction of Kana usage had disappeared.
- 否な豊臣の末期から、徳川の初期にかけて、かかる快文字は、ほとんどその比類がない」と絶賛したが、一九八〇年代には桑田忠親は「後世の好事家の偽作にすぎない」、二木謙一は「『直江状』と称する古文書までが偽作された」と唱えた。
- Such a magnificent composition was almost unparalleled from the end of Toyotomi period to the beginning of the Tokugawa period', but Tadachika KUWATA refuted this saying that 'It was just a forgery by a dilettante in a later period' and Kenichi NIKI added in the 1980s, 'Even the old document called 'Naoejo' was forged.'
- 綱吉時代の政策は否定され、生類憐れみの令は撤回、勘定吟味役の創設、正徳金銀発行(デフレーション政策)による綱吉時代の財政矛盾の解決などを行ったが、将軍家宣・7代徳川家継があいついで早世したため、改革は中途半端に終わった。
- Tsunayoshi's policies were denied in the reforms, so, for example, Shorui-Awaremi-no-rei (ordinances of animal protection) was revoked, 'kanjo ginmiyaku' (a post to support kanjo bugyo) was newly established, and the financial contradiction in the Tsunayoshi age was tried to resolve by issuing Shotoku gold and silver coins as a deflationary policy, but the reforms ended halfway on the road after Ienobu and his successor Ietsugu TOKUGAWA (the seventh Shogun) died young.
- 実際、墾田永年私財法は荘園制を発生させ律令制を崩壊に追いやった元凶のように論じられていたが、実態は人民の生活保障のために執られた土地政策の一環で、律令を否定するどころか律令の法目的を補強するものであった事が判明している。
- In fact, although it was argued that the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land was very much like the main cause of the Ritsuryo system collapse by allowing the development of the manorial system, it has been proved that the law was for reinforcing the Ritsuryo system as part of the land policy, which was undertaken to guarantee the livelihoods of the people.
- 再生債務者等は、第九十五条の規定による届出又は届出事項の変更があった再生債権についても、その内容及び議決権(当該届出事項の変更があった場合には、変更後の内容及び議決権)についての認否を前項の認否書に記載することができる。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc., with regard to a rehabilitation claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed matter under the provision of Article 95, may also state his/her approval or disapproval of the content of such claim and the voting right (in cases where there is a change to any filed matter, the content of the claim and the voting right as changed) in the statement of approval or disapproval set forth in said paragraph.
- 再生債権の調査において、再生債務者等が認め、かつ、調査期間内に届出再生債権者の異議がなかったときは、その再生債権の内容又は議決権の額(第百一条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権にあっては、その内容)は、確定する。
- The content of a rehabilitation claim and the amount of the voting right (in the case of a rehabilitation claim stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of Article 101(3), the content as stated therein) shall become determined if, in the investigation of rehabilitation claims, they are approved by the rehabilitation debtor, etc. and no objection is made by any holder of filed rehabilitation claim during the period of investigation.
- 民事保全法(平成元年法律第九十一号)第十八条並びに第二章第四節(第三十七条第五項から第七項までを除く。)及び第五節の規定は、第一項の規定により否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人が続行する手続に係る保全処分について準用する。
- The provisions of Article 18 of the Civil Preservation Act (Act No. 91 of 1989) and Chapter II, Section 4 (excluding Article 37(5) to (7)) and Section 5 of said Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a temporary restraining order for the procedure to be continued by a supervisor empowered to avoid or a trustee pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1).
- ジャニーズ事務所のファンと言われ、そのコンサートに行ったとするゴシップ記事が掲載されたこともあったが、平成20年(2008年)9月26日になって、テレビ番組での報道と併せ、コンサートに行った事実が宮内庁発表により否定された。
- A gossip article appeared in a magazine and TV new shows that Princess Mako was a great fan of the star belonging to Johnny's (an idols office) and went to the star's concert, but both the Imperial Household Agency and a TV program denied the claim on September 26 about her going to the concert.
- 幕府は、船上のペリーに対してまず浦賀奉行所与力の中島三郎助を派遣し、ペリーの来航が将軍にアメリカ合衆国大統領親書を渡すことを目的とすることを把握したが、ペリー側は幕府側の与力の階級が低過ぎるとして親書を預けることを拒否した。
- The Shogunate dispatched Saburosuke NAKAJIMA, the yoriki (police sergeant) of Uraga Bugyosho (the magistrate's office in Uraga), to meet Perry on his ship, and from this dispatch understood that the purpose of Perry's visit was to deliver a letter from the President of the United States directly to the Shogun--Perry refused to give the letter to NAKAJIMA, claiming the man's rank was too low.
- 対外硬(たいがいこう)とは、国際社会における日本国家の現状を対外的に危機的状況と考え、国際協調を否定して、国家の自主・独立を重んじて軍事力をも視野においた強硬的な外交でのみによってこの危機を打開できるとする思想・主張のこと。
- Taigaiko was the idea or concept that considered the situation of Japan in the international community as the critical externally, and only the forceful diplomacy including the military force which denies the international cooperation, and values national independence can defuse a crisis.
- 一進会の主張はあくまで日韓両国民の対等な地位に基づく日韓共栄であって日本の考える韓国の吸収併合とは全く異なるものであることや、日韓併合については韓国側の要求は一切受け入れない方針であったため日本政府は一進会の請願を拒否した。
- The Japanese Government refused their demand because Isshinkai claimed for the mutual prosperity between Korea and Japan on a basis of Korean and Japanese people's equal position, which was completely different from the merger and annexation of Korea, that Japan was expecting, and also Japan was taking its own policy that any request from Korea was unacceptable for the Japanese annexation of Korea.
- 内閣総理大臣は、申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は第八条第一項の申請書若しくは同条第二項各号に掲げる添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- When the Applicant falls under any of the following items or when the written application set forth in Article 8(1) or any of the attached documents listed in the items of paragraph (2) of that Article include any false statements or fail to state any material facts, the Prime Minister shall refuse to register the Applicant:
- 破産手続開始の決定の取消し又は破産手続廃止の決定が確定した場合には、破産管財人は、財団債権を弁済しなければならない。ただし、その存否又は額について争いのある財団債権については、その債権を有する者のために供託しなければならない。
- Where an order of revocation of the order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings becomes final and binding, a bankruptcy trustee shall pay claims on the estate; provided, however, that with regard to a claim on the estate which is in dispute in terms of its existence or nonexistence or its amount, a bankruptcy trustee shall make a statutory deposit of such payment in the interest of the person who holds such claim.
- 後醍醐側の光厳天皇への処遇は「朕の皇太子の地位を退き、天皇として即位はしていないが特例として上皇待遇とする」とされ即位の事実を否定されてしまった(したがって論理的には小一条院同様皇太子をやめて上皇の尊号を受けたという例になる)。
- Emperor Godaigo treated Emperor Kogon as 'the retired Emperor who abdicated from the position of Crown Prince, however, not officially succeeding to the throne, he was treated as an retired emperor exception,' which means the Emperor was indirectly denied and he was no longer Emperor. (Hence, theoretically this is a similar to the example of Koichijo-in who abdicated from being the Crown Prince and received the respected title of retired emperor.)
- その上で、「不幸なるは近隣に国あり」として、支那(清)と朝鮮(李氏朝鮮)を挙げ、両者が近代化を拒否して儒教など旧態依然とした体制にのみ汲々とする点を指摘し「今の文明東漸の風潮に際し、迚も其独立を維持するの道ある可らず」と論じる。
- As in 'it is unfortunate for us (Japan) that there are neighboring countries,' that were Shina/China (Qing) and Chosen (Joseon Dynasty Korea), he pointed out that both countries had been rejecting modernization and concentrating on an old business-as-usual system based on Confucianism, etc. to 'remain nationally independent under this violent wind of civilization eastward.'
- また、マルクス主義の立場をとる研究者からも、在地の地主に裁判権などの権力が備わっておらず、それらが国家権力の手に集中されており、封建制の重要な内容である領主権力が存在しないため、中国史における封建制概念を否定する見解が出された。
- Even some Marxist scholars denied the concept of the Hoken system in Chinese history based on the fact that local land lords had no powers such as jurisdiction, and those powers were controlled by the state and there was no seniority that was an important aspect of the Hoken system.
- 内閣総理大臣は、申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は第六十八条第一項の申請書若しくは同条第二項各号に掲げる添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- When an Applicant falls under any of the following items, or when the written application set forth in Article 68(1) or any of the attached documents listed in the items of paragraph (2) of that Article include any false statements or fail to state any material facts, the Prime Minister shall refuse to register the Applicant:
- 差押債権者の申立てがあるときは、裁判所書記官は、差押命令を送達するに際し、第三債務者に対し、差押命令の送達の日から二週間以内に差押えに係る債権の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。
- When a petition has been filed by the obligee effecting a seizure, a court clerk shall, upon servicing an order of seizure, make a demand to the third party obligor to state the presence or absence of any claim pertaining to a seizure and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the order of seizure.
- 享和三年(1803年)正月の中瀬村 (三重県)(現伊賀市)の記録によると、村の農民側から無足身分である忍者に対して、農民と同様の棒役を務めるよう要請があったが、忍者側が士族の身分であることを盾にそれを拒否したところ村八分にされた。
- According to the record on Nakaze-mura Village (present Iga City) (Mie Prefecture) in the New Year's Holidays in 1803, the peasants' side demanded Ninja in social status of musoku to be charged boyaku as well as peasants, but Ninja's side refused it on the pretext of their being in warrior class, which led to their social ostracism.
- 清朝にあっては、外国人公使が神聖なる中国皇帝と直接と会見する際には三跪九叩頭の礼をしなければならず、礼を求める清朝側とこれを拒否する外国公使側とで折り合いがつかず、1870年代まで清朝皇帝と簡単には会うことができなかったのである。
- In the Qing dynasty, a foreign minister had to do three kneelings and nine kowtows to meet a holy emperor directly, therefore it took very much time to reach an agreement between the Qing dynasty side and foreign ministries side and it was not easy to meet an emperor of the Qing dynasty until 1870's.
- 主務大臣は、登録の申請に係る外務員が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は申請書若しくはこれに添付すべき書類のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- If the Sales Representative pertaining to an application for registration falls under any of the following items or if the written application or the documents that should be attached thereto includes a false entry regarding an important matter or withholds an important fact, the competent minister shall refuse the registration:
- これらのテロ計画に、熾仁親王本人を始め有栖川宮関係者が関知・関与していたか否か今日では証明できていないが、元来長州毛利家と縁戚で自他共に認める尊攘論者だった熾仁親王は、有力な過激派シンパとして容保たちからさらに警戒されるようになる。
- It can not be proved, nowadays, whether Prince Taruhito and other Arisugawanomiya related people, had something to do with the above terrorism or not, since Prince Taruhito was a relative of the Mori family of Choshu, and also well known supporter of the Emperor by other Imperial members, Prince Taruhito himself admitted it, he became being alarmed by Katamori and his group as an extreme (communist) sympathizer.
- 一向宗宗名論争(浄土真宗が公式に否認している「一向宗」を宗派名として強要しようとした問題)を機に浄土真宗内部からも政府への反発が高まってきたこともあり、教部省の施策が暗礁に乗り上げると政教分離の観点から脱退するといった動きを見せた。
- However, triggered by the dispute over naming of the Ikko sect (the issue that government attempted to enforce the name of 'Ikko' as an official name on the Jodo Shinshu sect even though the sect had officially rejected it), the repugnance against the government grew within the Jodo Shinshu sect, and the Jodo Shinshu sect withdrew from Kyobusho after the policy of Kyobusho reached a deadlock on the basis of the separation of religion and politics.
- 再生債務者が、その有する財産を処分する行為をした場合において、その行為の相手方から相当の対価を取得しているときは、その行為は、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当する場合に限り、再生手続開始後、再生債務者財産のために否認することができる。
- When the rehabilitation debtor, after conducting an act of disposing of his/her property, has received a reasonable value from the other party to said act, the act may be avoided in the interest of the rehabilitation debtor's assets after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings, if it satisfies all of the following requirements:
- だが、新将軍・義尚は若くして病死し、引退した父・義政も銀閣をはじめとする慈照寺の造営に余生を費やして、芸術の世界にのみ生きた(とはいえ、義政の芸術保護が後の東山文化発展の基礎となり、後々の日本文化に大きな影響を与えた事は否定できない)。
- But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture.)
- しかし積極的に宗教や神仏を否定するわけではなく、いざとなった場合は神仏に頼ったり「祟り」や「罰(ばち)」などの宗教的概念を尊重する日本人が多いことからも、日本人の多くは特定の宗教を信仰しない無宗教ではあっても無神論者というわけではない。
- Most Japanese have no religion, nor practice a particular religion, but it may be not true that they are atheists, as seen from the fact that many of them do not strongly deny religions or Shinto and Buddhist deities, rely on the deities when they are in trouble, and respect religious ideas, such as 'curses' and 'bad karma.'
- また、その外敵が銅鐸祭祀を否定する集団で、支配下に置いた地域の住民に銅鐸祭祀を放棄させたと考えれば、銅鐸が壊れた状態で出土することや、三世紀に急速に銅鐸祭祀が廃れたこと、銅鐸の用途が全く伝わっていないことなどに説明が付くという説もある。
- On the other hand, there is a theory that the hypothesis that the foreign enemy denied worship of dotaku and forced its local subordinates to abandon dotaku can explain the facts: that some dotaku were found broken, that worship of dotaku rapidly declined in the third century, and that the purpose have not been passed down at all.
- 岩倉は伊藤に辞意の翻意を求め、井上毅も国家基盤を安定させてからイギリス流の議院内閣制に移行する方法もあるとして、自説への賛同を求めたが、伊藤はイギリス式かプロシア式かは今決める事ではないとして、岩倉が唱える「大隈追放」にも否定的であった。
- Iwakura asked Ito not to resign and Kowashi INOUE recommended and asked for the approval of the plan to switch to parliamentary Cabinet system from England after stabilizing state infrastructure; however, Ito didn't made a decision on whether to adopt England style or Prussia style and did not agree with banishment of Okuma, either.
- その後、その子・今川義元は、天文_(日本)22年(1552年)の分国法「今川仮名目録追加」において現在の今川領国の秩序維持を行っているのは足利将軍家ではなく今川氏そのものであることを理由に、幕府権力による守護使不入地を全面否定したのである。
- Thereafter, his son Yoshimoto IMAGAWA completely denied the shugoshi funyuchi specified by the bakufu authority in his bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku Tsuika' (expanding on house rules left by Ujichika), published in 1552, on the ground that those who maintain order in the present Imagawa territory are not the Ashikaga shogun family, but the Imagawa clan itself.
- 蕎麦食いの講釈をとうとうと垂れ、薬味のワサビの辛さに涙しつつやせ我慢で耐えて蕎麦を呑み込む迷亭のいささか俗物的な面も否めない粋へのこだわりぶりに比べ、胃弱症の苦沙弥先生が「うどん好き」であることで、うどんの印象は相対的に冴えないものとなる。
- Meitei eloquently lectured on the art of soba eating and swallowed soba with a condiment of hot wasabi, tears his eyes, adhering to his idea of stylishness which seemed a bit like snobbish affectation, but compared with Meitei's being a passionate stickler about soba, the impression of udon, with the dyspeptic Kushami Sensei being the 'udon lover,' seems relatively unexciting.
- 日本の初等・中等教育の歴史教科書においても、「脱亜論」を「日本が欧米列強に近づくためにアジアからの脱却を唱えた物で、日本がアジアの1ヵ国であることを否定している」と定義付け、「日本人がアジアを蔑視する元となった論文」と教えていることが多い。
- In the history textbooks for elementary and secondary education in Japan, 'Datsu-A Ron' is defined as 'a theory to urge Japan to get closer to European and American powers by disassociating from Asia and to deny Japan is a country in Asia' and it is taught at most schools as 'the thesis which causes Japanese to disrespect other Asian countries.'
- 下関での会談を西郷が直前に拒否する事態もあったが、1月21日(22日説も)京都小松清廉邸(京都市上京区)で坂本を介して西郷隆盛、大久保利通、薩摩藩家老の小松清廉と長州藩の木戸孝允(当時は桂小五郎)が倒幕運動に協力する6か条の同盟を締結した。
- Although the conference due to be held in Shimonoseki was cancelled by Saigo just before its start, the six-article alliance for defeating the shogunate was concluded on March 7 (some say on March 8) with the mediation of Sakamoto at Kiyotada KOMATSU's residence in Kyoto (in the present Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City) between the Satsuma representatives (Takamori SAIGO, Toshimichi OKUBO and Kiyotada KOMOTSU [the clan's chief retainer]) and the Choshu counterpart Takayoshi KIDO (called Kogoro KATSURA at that time).
- 再生債務者等は、特別調査期間に係る再生債権について、その内容及び議決権についての認否を記載した認否書を作成し、特別調査期間前の裁判所の定める期限までに、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。この場合には、第百一条第六項前段の規定を準用する。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc., with regard to a rehabilitation claim to be investigated during the special period for investigation, shall prepare a statement of approval or disapproval to state his/her approval or disapproval of the content of such claim and the voting right, and submit it to the court by the time limit set by the court prior to the special period for investigation. In this case, the provision of the first sentence of Article 101(6) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 結果として自由民権運動や大隈の唱えるフランス流やイギリス流を否定したものの、岩倉らの進めようとしたプロシア流についても一旦は白紙撤回されることとなった(勿論、これによってプロシア(ドイツ)流論者の政府内での立場が強化されたのは事実であるが)。
- As a result, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, France style and England style, which were recommended by Okuma, were rejected but also Prussia style, which was recommended by Iwakura, was rejected (as a result, people who advocated Prussia (Germany) style strengthened their position).
- その際、既に内地に施行されていた大日本帝国憲法(以下、単に「憲法」という)の効力がその後に統治権を取得した地域に対しても及ぶかという形式的な問題(具体的には、外地の立法につき憲法5条の規定により帝国議会の協賛が必要か否かという問題)が生じた。
- At that time, a formal question arose about whether the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (hereinafter referred to as 'the Constitution'), which had been enforced in the inland, could be applied to the regions where Japan acquired sovereignty after the enforcement of the Constitution (More specifically, the question is about whether the legislation of Gaichi needed the consent of the Imperial Diet in accordance with Article 5 of the Constitution).
- 公益認定の申請、第十一条第一項の変更の認定の申請又は第二十五条第一項の認可の申請に対する処分をしようとする場合(申請をした法人が第六条各号のいずれかに該当するものである場合及び行政手続法第七条の規定に基づきこれらの認定を拒否する場合を除く。)
- In the event that the application for the Public Interest Corporation Authorization, the application for the authorization for change under paragraph 1 of Article 11 or the application for the approval under paragraph 1 of Article 25 is dealt with (excluding the cases where the a juridical person that applied falls under any of the respective items of Article 6 or where these applications are rejected pursuant to the provisions of Article 7 of the Administrative Procedure Act)
- 国際法上では、個人に対する脅迫もあったか国家に対する圧力のみかという論点よりも、強制に基づく条約調印を無効とする国際慣習法上の規範もしくは規則が1905年当時に存在していたと認識するか否かという論点において、最も大きく議論と立場が分かれている。
- In international law, rather than at the point whether there was also a threat against an individual or there was only a pressure against a state, at the point whether people recognize or not that norms or regulations in the international common law which invalidates conclusion of treaties under threat could exist at the time of 1905, arguments and positions have been separated to the highest degree.
- 再生債務者等は、届出再生債権者(第百一条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権を有する者を含む。次項において同じ。)であって、再生債務者についての外国倒産処理手続に参加していないものを代理して、当該外国倒産処理手続に参加することができる。
- The rehabilitation debtor, etc., while representing a holder of filed rehabilitation claim (including one who holds a rehabilitation claim stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of Article 101(3); the same shall apply in the following paragraph) who has not participated in foreign insolvency proceedings, may participate in said foreign insolvency proceedings.
- こうした中、儒教では利益の追求は欲望を生み出して人間を堕落の方向に向かわせると考えられ、商工業に携わること自体が本来の人間があるべき姿に反する行為として否定的に捉えられていたが、実際には貨幣経済や産業の発達により商人が経済の主導権を握るようになった。
- In Confucianism, it was thought that profit pursuing would lead to desires that would ultimately cause a human being to deteriorate and that activities of involved in commerce and industry themselves would be contrary to what a human being should be; nevertheless, under the above-mentioned circumstances, merchants took the initiative in an economy based on the development of a monetary economy and industry.
- このなかで、府県庁は地租改正事務局があらかじめ見当をつけた平均反収を絶対的な査定条件とし、申告額がこれに達しない場合は、農民が自らの労力と費用をかけて算定した地価を否定し強圧的に変更させたことから、伊勢暴動をはじめとした大規模な暴動が各地で頻発した。
- In this aggressive approach, each prefectural government made the average yield per tan that the Land Tax Reform Bureau figured out beforehand be the absolute condition of assessment and in case the reported amount was under the average tan that the Land Tax Reform Bureau figured out, each prefecture denied the reported value of the land, of which farmers assessed with their own labor and expenses and made the value of the land change forcibly; for this reason, including the Ise Revolt large scale riots erupted frequently in various places.
- 1866年ジェネラル・シャーマン号事件(対アメリカ合衆国)、丙寅洋擾(対フランス)、1868年日本(明治政府)からの国書(明治政府の樹立宣言、王政復古の通告)の受け取りを拒否する、1871年辛未洋擾(対アメリカ)、など、海禁政策をとった(鎖国攘夷策)。
- An isolationist policy was implemented resulting in the General Sherman incident (against the US) as well as the Heiinyojo war (against France) in 1866, the refusal of the declaration of the foundation of the Meiji government from Japan in 1868 and Shinmiyojo incident (against the US) in 1871.
- 破産管財人は、特別調査期間に係る破産債権については、第百十七条第一項各号に掲げる事項についての認否を記載した認否書を作成し、特別調査期間前の裁判所の定める期限までに、これを裁判所に提出しなければならない。この場合においては、同条第四項の規定を準用する。
- A bankruptcy trustee, with regard to a bankruptcy claim to be investigated during the special period for investigation, shall prepare a statement of approval or disapproval to state his/her approval or disapproval of the matters listed in the items of Article 117(1), and submit it to the court by the time limit set by the court prior to the special period for investigation. In this case, the provision of paragraph (4) of said Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 後に同説はカップ麺業界等により再調査され、2000年に旧通産省・旧環境庁が「内分泌攪乱作用があるとの証拠は見いだせない」「作用を否定する報告が大半」と発表したが、2006年に東京都健康安全研究センターは動物実験により、生物への影響が確認されたと発表した。
- Later the Kappumen industry and others reexamined this theory and the former Ministry of International Trade and Industry and former Environment Agency announced in 2000 that 'there is no evidence that it has endocrine-disrupting effect' and 'most reports denied any effect,' but Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health announced in 2006 that it has confirmed the affect on living things by animal test.
- また、「太平記」にしか記載がないとされている南朝方の武将・児島高徳の実在性を巡って、これを否定する重野安繹と、より慎重な資料批判を求める川田甕江(甕江)との間で論争が起こった(重野=進歩的、川田=保守的という思想的対立に理由を求める見方には誤りがある)。
- Additionally, there was a dispute about the historicity of a warlord on the side of the Southern Court named Takanori KOJIMA, said to be described only in the 'Taiheiki,' between Yasutsugu SHIGENO, who denied it, and Oko KAWADA, who sought a more careful interpretation of the materials (it is erroneous to see this as rooted in ideological opposition, with Shigeno as progressive and Kawada as conservative).
- 届出をした再生債権者(以下「届出再生債権者」という。)は、一般調査期間内に、裁判所に対し、前条第一項若しくは第二項に規定する再生債権の内容若しくは議決権又は同条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権の内容について、書面で、異議を述べることができる。
- A rehabilitation creditor who has filed a proof of his/her claim (hereinafter referred to as a 'holder of filed rehabilitation claim') may make an objection in writing to the court, within the ordinary period for investigation, with regard to the content of a rehabilitation claim prescribed in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article or the voting right, or the content of a rehabilitation claim stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3) of said Article.
- 当該外国等が有すると主張している知的財産権(知的財産基本法(平成十四年法律第百二十二号)第二条第一項に規定する知的財産に関して日本国の法令により定められた権利又は日本国の法律上保護される利益に係る権利をいう。次号において同じ。)の存否、効力、帰属又は内容
- The existence or nonexistence, effect, ownership, or contents of intellectual property rights (meaning rights established by the laws and regulations of Japan regarding intellectual property as provided for in the Intellectual Property Basic Act (Act No. 122 of 2002), Article 2, paragraph (1) or rights pertaining to interests legally protected under Japanese law; the same shall apply in the following item) that said Foreign State, etc., claims to hold;
- 裁判所書記官は、配当要求の終期を定めたときは、開始決定がされた旨及び配当要求の終期を公告し、かつ、次に掲げるものに対し、債権(利息その他の附帯の債権を含む。)の存否並びにその原因及び額を配当要求の終期までに執行裁判所に届け出るべき旨を催告しなければならない。
- A court clerk shall, when having set the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, give public notice of the fact that a commencement order has been issued and the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution, and give a notice to the following persons or entities that they are to notify the execution court of the presence or absence of claims (including interests and any other incidental claims) and the basis and amounts of such claims by the time limit for a demand for liquidating distribution:
- ただ、前述した明治初期における国家意思形成の不統一性の問題や、規制対象を同じくする法令が何度も公布されたこともあり、布告・達が後の法令で明示的に廃止されなかった場合は、後に内容が矛盾する法令が制定されたとの解釈により効力を失ったのか否か疑義が生じたものもある。
- Because of the confusion within the early Meiji government as stated above which had led to many laws being issued for overlapping subjects, it was sometiimes doubtful whether Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi was deemed to cease to be effective due to establishment of a new contradicting law, in cases where such Fukoku or Tasshi had not been expressly abolished.
- ところが、歴史研究家の立花京子が晴豊の日記全体の「被申候」使用例を分析した結果、村井貞勝の言葉と解釈し、独断専行を嫌う信長に無断で貞勝が発言するはずがないとし、信長の将軍任官の意向を踏まえたものであったと主張したことにより、歴史学者の間で賛否両論の論争となった。
- However, Kyoko TACHIBANA, a researcher of history, studied usages of '被申候'in other passages across Haretoyo's diary and concluded it was what Sadakatsu MURAI said, arguing that Sadakatsu would never say such a thing without Nobunaga's permission because Nobunaga disliked his followers' arbitrary decisions or executions, and that he represented Nobunaga's wish to gain the post, which led to controversies of pros and cons among historians.
- 幕府・宮内省鷹匠の技術は、村越仙太郎(1857?-1937)・花見薫(1910-2002)ら、退職した宮内省/宮内庁鷹匠により民間有志に伝えられ、現在活動している鷹狩従事者(松原英俊を除く)は、特定流派名を名乗るか否かに関わらず、そのいずれかの技術的系譜を引く。
- The technique of Takajo of the Shogunate and Imperial Household Ministry was tranferred to private volunteers by Takajo such as Sentaro MURAKOSHI (c.1857-1937) and Kaoru HANAMI (1910-2002), who retired from the Imperial Household Ministry or Imperial Household Agency, so those who practice Taka-gari at present (except for Hidetoshi MATSUBARA) succeed either technique whether they identify with a specific school or not.
- 第5条・第6条では決して壮健とは言い難い天皇の体調に配慮しつつも、健康問題を理由としてむやみに大臣との謁見を拒んだり、公務を滞らせる事態を最低限に留めて国務への影響を防ぐこととした(特に森有礼の御用掛任命の際の公務復帰拒否のような事態を防止する点が重要視された)。
- Article 5 and 6 stipulated, with due considerations to Emperor's health which was far from robust, that the Emperor would not immoderately reject audiences with ministers and other duties for health reason which would disrupt the flow of public service, to prevent national services from being affected (This placed importance in avoiding such situation as the Emperor would refuse to return to public service as was seen upon the appointment of Arinori MORI as Goyogakari).
- ところが、平安時代末期より鎌倉時代にかけて末法思想や鎌倉新仏教の広がりによって現世を否定する思想が広がり、実社会と乖離した儀礼中心の政治が打ち続く戦乱によって存亡の危機に立たされると貴族社会を中心に皇室とそれを支える貴族社会の由来を神国思想に求める考え方が出現した。
- However, from the late Heian period, there was a belief to deny the current world such as Mappo (Age of the Final Dharma) or spread of the New Kamakura Buddhism founded during, and after people were experiencing the crisis of having a ceremony centered government that was becoming estranged, instead of having a realistic government, the belief of Shinkoku became popular among the nobility and the Imperial family.
- 持明院統や鎌倉幕府は邦良親王を支援し、親王が急死するとその息子の康仁親王を持明院統の光厳天皇の皇太子に据えて後醍醐天皇系への皇位継承を拒絶する姿勢を見せるが、1333年に鎌倉幕府は滅亡し、後醍醐天皇復位によって木寺宮(後二条天皇系)の皇位継承は否認される事となった。
- Jimyoin-to and the Kamakura shogunate supported Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi (Kuninaga), but after his sudden death, they arranged for his son (Imperial Prince Yasuhito) to become the crown prince for Jimyoin-to's Emperor Kogon in order to demonstrate their rejection of Emperor Go-Daigo's line. This was done to ensure the imperial succession, but due to the collapse of the Kamakura shogunate, Emperor Go-Daigo was restored to the throne and the enthronement of Kidera-no-Miya (who was of Emperor Go-Nijo's line) did not take place.
- しかし欧米や日本の研究者の中には、欧州の瞬発式メカが日本に伝えられて改良発展したものが、オランダによって日本から買い付けられて東南アジアに輸出され、それらが手本となって日本式の機構が東南アジアに広まったとする説をとる者も少なくなく、宇田川説を否定的にみる意見も多い。
- On the other hand, other researchers in Japan, Europe and America doubt UDAGAWA's theory, pointing out that the instantaneous mechanism of European guns was first introduced to and improved in Japan and then Dutch purchased and exported Japanese guns to Southeast Asia, resulting in the spread of the Japanese-style mechanism in Southeast Asia.
- ただし、これらの指摘は三代格式と対となる三代儀式の編纂あるいは存在が否定されたに過ぎず、格式の編纂も「儀式」の編纂も律令法の補完を目的として行われた事業であり、格式の編纂と単独事業として行われた内裏式や貞観儀式の編纂との間には、何らかの関連性があったと考えられている。
- The above indications, however, merely denied that the Sandai Gishiki corresponding to the Sandai Kyakushiki were neither compiled nor did they exist, and it was still accepted that both the compilation of Kyakushiki and the compilation of 'Gishiki' were projects taken for complementing the ritsuryo law and that compilation of the Kyakushiki had some relationship to the compilation of Dairi shiki and Jogan Gishiki each of which were a single project.
- 保元元年(1156年)7月2日の鳥羽の死去ごろから後白河側は、崇徳と鳥羽との末期の対面を拒否し、検非違使を召集して京中を警備させ崇徳に対する警戒の念をあからさまにしてみせ、鳥羽の初七日を崇徳の臨幸もないうちに実施するなどして、崇徳への露骨な挑発と追い込みを行い始めた。
- Around July 2, 1156, before Emperor Toba died, Goshirakawa prevented Sutoku and Toba from meeting by having Kebiishi, a political and judicial chief, patrol the palace; Emperor Toba's memorial day, seven days after his death, was organized by the Goshirakawa force before Sutoku had a chance to visit the palace, given that he was obviously wary of Sutoku.
- 第二百六条第一項の規定により登録事務を行う協会の第二百条第三項の規定による登録の申請に係る不作為、第二百一条第一項の規定による登録の拒否又は第二百四条第一項の規定による処分について不服がある商品取引員は、主務大臣に対し、行政不服審査法による審査請求をすることができる。
- A Futures Commission Merchant which is dissatisfied with any inaction pertaining to an application for registration under Article 200, paragraph (3), a refusal of registration under Article 201, paragraph (1) or a disposition under Article 204, paragraph (1) by an Association which processes Registration Affairs pursuant to the provisions of Article 206, paragraph (1) may request the competent minister for a review under the Administrative Appeal Act.
- 再生債務者は、第二項の申述をするときは、当該申述が第一項又は第三項に規定する要件に該当しないことが明らかになった場合においても再生手続の開始を求める意思があるか否かを明らかにしなければならない。ただし、債権者が再生手続開始の申立てをした場合については、この限りでない。
- The rehabilitation debtor, when making a request set forth in paragraph (2), shall clarify whether or not he/she has the intention of seeking the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings even where it becomes obvious that said request does not satisfy the requirements prescribed in paragraph (1) or paragraph (3); provided, however, that this shall not apply where a creditor has filed a petition for commencement of rehabilitation proceedings.
- 平安時代の『小右記』によれば、朝廷の会議での多数意見が関白藤原頼通の反対によって否認されて頼通が支持した少数意見による方策が実施されたケースがあり、時代が下って鎌倉幕府でも評定衆が全員一致で反対した日蓮に対する恩赦が決裁者である執権北条時宗によって実施されたケースがある。
- According to the 'Shoyuki (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke)' in the Heian period, there was a case where the major opinion in the conference of the Imperial court was denied by the opposition of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, a chief adviser to the Emperor, and another minor opinion supported by Yorimichi was implemented, and in another case more recently, amnesty for Nichiren, which was opposed by all hyojoshu (chamber of government affairs and justice) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), was implemented by Tokimune HOJO, a regent to the shogunate, who was the odd man.
- 経済発展をおこなう以上、多量の二酸化炭素を排出せねばならないと考えられたため開発途上国の自発的参加が見送られ、当初は推進していたアメリカ合衆国も後に受け入れを拒否、ロシア連邦も受け入れの判断を見送っていたため、2004年ごろまでは議定書の発効が行われていない状況であった。
- Voluntary participations of developing countries were shelved because they thought they had to emit a large amount of carbon dioxide as long as they pursued economical development, and the United States of America, which was positive at first, rejected to accept the protocol, further Russian Federation suspended the ratification; accordingly, Kyoto Protocol was not effected until around 2004.
- 第二項の規定により第一項各号に掲げる事項についての認否を認否書に記載することができる破産債権について、第三項の規定により提出された認否書に当該事項の一部についての認否の記載があるときは、破産管財人において当該事項のうち当該認否書に認否の記載のないものを認めたものとみなす。
- If, with regard to a bankruptcy claim for which approval or disapproval of the matters listed in the items of paragraph (1) may be stated in a statement of approval or disapproval pursuant to the provision of paragraph (2), the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provision of paragraph (3) states approval or disapproval of part of the matters, it shall be deemed that a bankruptcy trustee approves such matters of which neither approval nor disapproval is stated in the statement of approval or disapproval.
- 前項の規定により中断した訴訟手続は、その後、監督委員が第五十六条第一項の規定により否認権を行使する権限を付与された場合又は管財人が選任された場合には、その監督委員又は管財人においてこれを受け継がなければならない。この場合においては、受継の申立ては、相手方もすることができる。
- Where, after an action is discontinued pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, a supervisor is empowered to exercise a right of avoidance pursuant to the provision of Article 56(1) or a trustee is appointed, such supervisor or trustee shall take over the action. In this case, a petition for taking over of action may also be filed by the opponent.
- 同時期にはまた、学徒出陣記念のために製作されたにもかかわらず受け入れ先が決まっていなかった「わだつみ像」(当初東京大学での建立が予定されていたが東大当局の拒否により実現しなかった)が、末川博総長などの尽力によりようやく立命大に受け入れられこの地に建立されることが決まっていた。
- Before that, due to the President of Ritsumeikan University Hiroshi SUEKAWA's effort, Ritsumeikan University had decided to accept the 'Wadatsumi-zo Statue' to the campus (the statue was to memorialize the Students' Departure to the Front, and originally it had been planned for Tokyo University, however the authorities of Tokyo University had rejected the offer).
- つまり、貞安の問いである「方座第四の「妙」の一字を捨てるか、捨てざるか」というのは、「もし天台教学の考えを以って、法華以前の教えをすべて“方便(真実に導く手だて・手段)”として否定するなら、方等時において説いた円教=妙も捨てるのか、捨てないのか?」というのが真相であるとされる。
- Consequently, the Teian's question 'Do you abandon a letter 'Myo' of the fourth Hoza?' really meant that 'If you deny the Shakyamuni's teachings before he established Hokke as merely 'a means to lead people to the truth' according to the education of the Tendaishu sect, do you abandon Enkyo; i.e., Myo, that Shakyamuni preached in his Hoto?'
- 印西派における射法の教えについて、物理学的・医学的等の見地からの研究が筑波大(旧東京教育大)で行われているが、その伝承されてきた事項について科学的な見地から否定されるものが一切発見されておらず、古来からの教えが戦場での経験に基づいた極めて合理的・科学的なことが裏付けられている。
- About doctrine of the shooting method in the Insai school, the University of Tsukuba (formerly Tokyo University of Education) is conducting research about it from a medical and physical viewpoint; concerning the contents of the doctrine, there has been nothing discovered at all that can be denied from a scientific viewpoint, rather, it has been proven that this ancient doctrine based on battlefield experiences is extremely reasonable and scientific.
- 儒教では、放伐を認めるかどうかが難題とされてきたが、徳川幕府は朱子学について孟子的理解に立ち、湯武放伐、易姓革命論を認めていたが、それを認めると天皇を将軍が放伐してよいことになり、山崎闇斎を始祖とする崎門学派が湯武放伐を否定して、体制思想としての朱子学を反体制思想へと転化させた。
- In Confucianism, whether to allow the expulsion of a disqualified monarch had been a difficult problem to deal with, but the Tokugawa Shogunate adopted a position taken from the standpoint of Mencius (a Chinese thinker in the fourth century BC) concerning the teachings of Zhu Xi, and approved of the Tang-Wu revolution (the expulsions of disqualified monarchs by King Tang and King Wu) and the revolution (change of dynasty) decreed by Heaven (when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue).
- 同じ日、京大の学生たちは会場使用を拒否した大学への抗議行動を終えたのち、わだつみ像歓迎のデモ、および立命大で開催中の復興会議に参加するため、約100名がデモ隊列を組んで近衛通を経由して鴨川 (淀川水系)にかかる荒神橋を渡ろうとした(当時鴨川の対岸には立命大キャンパスが存在した)。
- On the same day, some students of Kyoto University had been protesting against the authorities who hadn't permitted the use of the campus till the end; after the protest finished, a group of about 100 students started marching to join the parade of Ritsumeikan University students and to participate in the Gakuen Fukko Kaigi (that day it was held at Ritsumeikan University); through Konoe-dori Street they were about to go across Kojin-bashi Bridge above the Kamo-gawa River (Yodogawa River system) toward the campus of Ritsumeikan University which was located right across the bridge.
- だが、依然として超然主義を奉じる貴族院_(日本)最大会派の研究会_(貴族院)は伊藤の入党要請を拒絶する会派決議を行ったばかりでなく、1901年北清事変の軍費捻出のための増税案を他の5会派(茶話会・朝日倶楽部・庚子会・木曜会・無所属団)を糾合して否決、伊藤内閣を総辞職に追い込んだ。
- However, the study group (the House of Peers), which is the largest parliamentary faction in the House of Peers (Japan) and which still believed in the doctrine of superiority, not only passed a resolution to refuse Ito's request to join his party, but also rallied five factions (sawa kai, asahi kurabu, koshi kai, mokuyo kai, mushozoku dan) and rejected a tax-increase bill to raise military expenditure for the Boxer Rebellion in 1901, which forced the Ito Cabinet to resign en masse.
- また、格に関しても中国では唐の滅亡後は官人資格などを定めた限定的な法律に縮小されていくのに対して、日本では養老律令以後新規の律令が全く作られなくなったために格の占める比率が高くなり、律令による規定そのものを否定する法令(例墾田永年私財法)さえも格の形式によって出されるようになった。
- As for Kyaku, too, as opposed to China, where after the fall of the Tung dynasty, it had diminished into restrictive law which stated the qualifications for government officials, the share of Kyaku became high since not one new Ritsuryo code were made at all from the Yoro Ritsuryo code in Japan, and even laws and ordinances (for example, 'konden einen shizai ho', the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land) which denied the rules by the Ritsuryo codes were passed in the form of Kyaku.
- なぜなら、大久保や西郷、木戸孝允らは既に将来的な廃藩置県を見据えた版籍奉還の準備を進めていたが、版籍奉還を行えば幕藩体制において絶対的な原理として250年以上続いてきた藩主と藩士の主従関係が根本的に否定することになるため、一歩間違えれば全国的な反乱を引き起こしかねないものであった。
- Because Okubo, Saigo and Takayoshi KIDO already proceeded with the preparations for the returning of lands and people to the emperor focused on haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in the future but if returning of lands and people to the emperor realized, this means denying fundamentally the master-servant relationship of the load of domain and the feudal retainer of domain which continued for more than 250 years as an absolute principle, so a single misstep could be a cause of a nationwide rebellion.
- 一連の接収作業において担当した引継委員長による「韓国事務引継顛末概要」によれば、韓国通信院の通信事業に従事していた職員(官吏および現場労働者)の1044人のうち773人が日本の郵政当局に引継採用されたが、残りの271人は辞令拒否者もしくは接収を反対して抵抗したとして解雇されているという。
- According to '韓国事務引継顛末概要' (Summary of Korean communication business takeover) written by a transition chairman in charge of the takeover process, Japanese postal authority continued to employ 773 out of 1044 staffs (government officials and frontline workers) of 通信院 (Communication Institute) who had worked for communication services, but other 271 staffs either rejected the appointment or were fired for allegedly resisting against takeover.
- 禅宗、時宗の寺院は、直ちに可否を記して提出したが、生活を檀家に頼っていた浄土真宗(以下、真宗)の寺院にとって、この様な合併は経済基盤を奪うものであり、死活問題であっため、浄土真宗の僧侶は、このような重大な案件は即答できないとして、藩に関わりのある西方寺と光輪寺に日延の申し入れを依頼した。
- The temples of the Zen sect and the Ji sect submitted the answers immediately, however, such a merger deprived the economic base and it was a vital questionfor the temples of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) (described 'Shinshu sect' as follows) which lived on Buddhist parishioners, therefore the monks of Shinshu sect were not able to answer the critical questions immediately and requested to postpone the answer to the Saiho-ji Temple and Korin-ji Temple which had a connection with the domain.
- 再生債務者がした債務の消滅に関する行為であって、債権者の受けた給付の価額が当該行為によって消滅した債務の額より過大であるものは、前項各号に掲げる要件のいずれかに該当するときは、再生手続開始後、その消滅した債務の額に相当する部分以外の部分に限り、再生債務者財産のために否認することができる。
- With respect to an act concerning the extinguishment of debt conducted by the rehabilitation debtor, if the value of the performance received by the creditor exceeds the amount of the debt extinguished by said act, and said act satisfies any of the requirements listed in the items of the preceding paragraph, such act may be avoided in the interest of the rehabilitation debtor's assets after the commencement of rehabilitation proceedings only with regard to the part other than the part equivalent to the amount of the debt extinguished.
- この観点より、真言律宗がどの新仏教宗派よりも先に国家公認の戒壇に代わる独自の戒壇を樹立して独自の授戒を開始し、社会事業を通じて非人などの社会的弱者を救済し、あるいはこれまで国家から授戒を拒否されてきた女性(尼)への授戒を認めるなど、個人の救済を通じて社会に対する布教を行った事実を指摘した。
- From these points of view, he pointed out the facts that the Shingon-ritsu sect established original Kaidan (platform for Buddhist rite of giving the commandments) for the official Kaidan which had been designated by the nation to give people the commandments independently, and taught people through 'the relief of the individual' including the relief of the socially vulnerable people such as hinin (the people at the lowest rank in Japanese caste system of the Edo period) by conducting social works, and the approval for giving the commandments to women (nun) who had been forbade to receive them by the nation.
- 第一項の訴えに係る訴訟手続で否認権限を有する監督委員が当事者であるものは、再生手続開始の決定の取消しの決定の確定又は再生手続終結の決定により再生手続が終了したときは終了するものとし、再生計画不認可、再生手続廃止又は再生計画取消しの決定の確定により再生手続が終了したときは中断するものとする。
- The action set forth in paragraph (1) in which a supervisor empowered to avoid stands as a party shall be concluded if rehabilitation proceedings are closed as a result of an order of revocation of the order of commencement of rehabilitation proceedings becoming final and binding or an order of termination of rehabilitation proceedings being made, and shall be discontinued if rehabilitation proceedings are closed as a result of an order of disconfirmation of the rehabilitation plan, order of discontinuance of rehabilitation proceedings or order of revocation of the rehabilitation plan becoming final and binding.
- 裁判所は、再生手続開始の申立てがあった時から当該申立てについての決定があるまでの間において、否認権を保全するため必要があると認めるときは、利害関係人(保全管理人が選任されている場合にあっては、保全管理人)の申立てにより又は職権で、仮差押え、仮処分その他の必要な保全処分を命ずることができる。
- The court, when it finds it necessary in order to secure a right of avoidance during the period after a petition for commencement of rehabilitation proceedings is filed until an order on said petition is made, upon the petition of an interested person (or a provisional administrator if any provisional administrator is appointed) or by its own authority, may issue an order of provisional seizure or provisional disposition or any other necessary temporary restraining order.
- ところが、新政府は慶応4年1月10日にいわゆる「開国の詔」を出して諸外国に対して江戸幕府が締結した条約の継続を約束し、また五箇条の御誓文にて「旧来ノ陋習ヲ破リ」「智識ヲ世界ニ求メ」と述べ、続く五榜の掲示においても「万国公法履行」を掲げていたにも関わらず、攘夷については明確な否定をしなかった。
- However, on January 10 1868, the new government promised to continue the treaty which Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) concluded for the foreign countries as ' an imperial rescript of opening of a country to the world' and although the government stated 'Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world' and 'Evil customs of the past shall be broken off' in the five charter oath and although they posted 'implementation of international law' in the next five notices, they didn't deny excluding foreigners clearly.
- ところが、本願寺の法主が証如の代に入ると証如とその後見である蓮淳(蓮如の6男で証如の外祖父)は法主による一門統制を強める政策を採り、その遂行のために蓮淳の娘婿で朝倉氏によって越前から追放されていた末寺の一つ超勝寺の住持であった実顕が代官に任じられて「両御山」体制を否認する命令を加賀各地に出す。
- However, when Shonyo became the lord of Hongan-ji Temple and his guardian Renjun (the sixth son of Rennyo and maternal grandfather of Shonyo) took a policy of keeping the family under control by the lord, they pursued their policy by appointing Saneaki, Renjun's adopted son-in-law and a chief priest in Chosho-ji Temple, one of Hogan-ji Temple's branch temples, who had been expelled from Echizen by the Asakura clan, as local governor to issue an order to reject the 'Two Temples' system throughout Kaga.
- この結果法学部教官は、解決案により要求が達成されたとして辞表を撤回した残留組(中島玉吉、末広重雄、牧健二など)と、辞表を撤回せず解決案を拒否した辞職組に分裂し、前記6教授以外に恒藤恭(のちの大阪市立大学初代学長)および田村徳治の教授2名、助教授5名、専任講師以下8名が辞職という形で事件は決着した。
- As a result, law faculty staff became divided into those who decided that their demands had been reached by the solution and retracted their resignations and stayed (Tamakichi NAKAJIMA, Shigeo SUEHIRO, Kenji MAKI, etc.), and those who resigned because they did not retract their resignations and refused the solution, who were the aforementioned six professors, two professors, Kyo TSUNETO (later the first president of Osaka Prefectural University) and Tokuji TAMURA, five associate professors and eight lecturers and the incident was concluded.
- こうした考えかたは、日本独自の芸という観念の確立、心境や境地を特に重視する芸術観の尊重、芸系のたしかな伝承、芸が芸にとどまらず思索性を持つことによる内容の深化など、さまざまな効果をもたらしたが、一方で芸の世界における事大主義、神秘主義、普遍性の否定、通に代表される特殊な閉鎖性を生むことにもなった。
- On the one hand, this way of thinking had various positive effects such as the establishment of ideas regarding Gei that are peculiar to Japan, respect for artistic views that place special importance on one's feelings and mental state, the correct passing on of arts knowledge from one generation to the next, and the deepening of arts not only through acquisition of its skills but also by speculation; on the other hand, it had a number of negative effects, such as worship of the powerful in the world of arts, mysticism, denial of universality, and development of a uniquely closed nature as represented by tsu (experts at certain arts).
- 裁判所書記官は、給付義務者に強制管理の開始決定を送達するに際し、当該給付義務者に対し、開始決定の送達の日から二週間以内に給付請求権に対する差押命令又は差押処分の存否その他の最高裁判所規則で定める事項について陳述すべき旨を催告しなければならない。この場合においては、第百四十七条第二項の規定を準用する。
- A court clerk shall, upon servicing a commencement order for compulsory administration upon a person obligated to deliver, make a demand to the person obligated to deliver to state the presence or absence of any order of seizure or disposition of seizure against the delivery claim and any other matters specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court within two weeks from the day of service of the commencement order. In this case, the provisions of Article 147(2) shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- しかし、長行や勝静らが函館まで転戦し、最後まで幕府に忠義を尽くしたのとは違い、この正邦は慶応4年(1868年)の戊辰戦争において藤堂高猷の裏切りにより敗走する幕府軍兵が淀城に入城しようと保護を求めてきたとき、淀藩ではそれを一方的に拒否して城門を開こうとすらしなかった(藩主・正邦はこの時江戸城にいた)。
- However, when Nagamichi and Katsukiyo fought in the Battle of Hakodate, faithful to the Tokugawa shogunate to the end, the Yodo Domain under the rule of Masakuni refused point blank to open the gate of Yodo castle when the shogunate troops who had been betrayed by Takayuki TODO and routed in the Boshin War of 1868 asked for shelter (Masakuni was in Edo Castle at the time).
- 結局のところ、崇仏・廃仏論争は仏教そのものの受容・拒否を争ったというよりは、仏教を公的な「国家祭祀」とするかどうかの意見の相違であったとする説や、仏教に対する意見の相違は表面的な問題に過ぎず、本質は朝廷内における蘇我氏と物部氏の勢力争いであったとする説も出ており、従来の通説に疑問が投げかけられている。
- As a result, there are some theories which suspect the conventional common theory; for example, a theory that the dispute on the worship or the exclusion of Buddha was not a conflict on the acceptance or rejection of Buddhism, but a difference on whether or not to define Buddhism as an official 'national religious service', and another that the difference of the opinion against Buddhism was only a superficial problem and it was actually a power struggle between the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan in the Imperial Court.
- 五部大乗経(法華経・華厳経・涅槃経・大集経・大品般若経)の写本作りに専念して、戦死者の供養と反省の証にと、完成した五つの写本を京の寺に収めてほしいと朝廷に差し出したところ、治天の君となっていた後白河天皇は「呪詛が込められているのではないか」と疑ってこれを拒否し、影響下にある朝廷は写本を送り返してきた。
- He focused on editing a manuscript book of the Five Mahayana Sutras (Hoke-kyo (the Saddharma Pundariks Sutra), Kegon-kyo (the Avatamska Sutra), Nehan-kyo, Daijik-kyo, Daibon hannya-kyo) and accordingly he sent copies of the five book to the Imperial Palace so that they would be kept in the palace temple, praying for people who had died in the war and with regret for what happened; however, the ex-emperor Goshirakawa, who held political power, refused this offer and said the book might have bad spirits, whereupon the palace, under his influence, sent the books back to Sutoku.
- もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ(後にアメリカ合衆国も)で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず(理系軽視)、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
- Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.
- 裁判所は、第九十五条の規定による届出があり、又は届出事項の変更があった再生債権について、その調査をするための期間(以下「特別調査期間」という。)を定めなければならない。ただし、再生債務者等が第百一条第二項の規定により認否書に当該再生債権の内容又は議決権についての認否を記載している場合は、この限りでない。
- The court, with regard to a rehabilitation claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed matter under the provision of Article 95, shall specify a period for conducting an investigation of such claim (hereinafter referred to as a 'special period for investigation'); provided, however, that this shall not apply where the rehabilitation debtor, etc. states, in a statement of approval or disapproval, his/her approval or disapproval of the content of such rehabilitation claim or the voting right.
- 第二百二十三条第二項第二号に掲げる事項を職務として指定された個人再生委員は、再生債務者若しくはその法定代理人又は再生債権者(当該個人再生委員が同項第一号に掲げる事項をも職務として指定された場合にあっては、再生債権者)に対し、再生債権の存否及び額並びに担保不足見込額に関する資料の提出を求めることができる。
- An individual rehabilitation commissioner for whom the matter set forth in Article 223(2)(ii) is designated as his/her duty may request the rehabilitation debtor or his/her statutory agent or a rehabilitation creditor (limited to a rehabilitation creditor in cases where the matter set forth in Article 223(2)(i) is also designated as the individual rehabilitation commissioner's duty) to produce materials concerning the existence or nonexistence of the rehabilitation claim in question and the estimated amount of deficiency.
- なぜなら、自由民権派が求めるようなイギリスの議院内閣制そのものは否定して天皇の権威の絶対化を目指すものの、同時にドイツ帝国の体制は皇帝の権限が強すぎるためにそのまま導入した場合、当時明治天皇からの信任が厚かった宮中保守派(中正派)が求める「天皇親政」への道を開き兼ねないとというジレンマがあったからである。
- This was because there was the following dilemma behind this background; while the British parliamentary cabinet system itself demanded by the group of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement was denied and the absolutization of the Emperor's power was aimed, the direct introduction of the German Empire's system could lead to 'the direct rule by the emperor,' which was demanded by the conservatives in the Imperial Court who had gained the confidence of the Emperor Meiji at the time, because the authorization of the Emperor under the German Empire's system was so strong.
- 明朝側としても倭寇を取り締まる能力のある日本の支配者との通交の必要はあったものの、儒教復興が叫ばれていた当時、足利氏が日本の君主ではなく「持明」(持明院統の天皇の事。明朝は「持明」を「良懐」(懐良親王)と日本の王位を争っている人物名と解釈していた)の臣下の「将軍」にすぎないことを理由に、通交を拒否していた。
- The Ming Dynasty also needed to have relations with the ruler of Japan, who was able to crack down on Japanese pirates, but they rejected the offer of trade with regard to the domestic opinion for the restoration of Confucianism, on the grounds that the Ashikaga clan was not the ruler of Japan but only a 'shogun,' or the vassal of the party of Jimyoin, who was considered by the Ming Dynasty as the name of the political opponent of 'Ryokai' (Imperial Prince Kanenaga) over the succession of the imperial throne.
- 上嶋家文書の真偽をめぐって学界では意見がわかれ、概ね否定的見解が主流であったが、後にその記載内容を裏書きする古文書が兵庫県揖保郡揖保川町新在家の豪農であった永富家(元楠木同族会顧問 鹿島建設株式会社会長鹿島守之助の生家)から発見され、この系図は江戸後期の写しであっても、古本を書写したものであることが証明された。
- The credibility of this document has been a controversial issue in the society of Japanese history that majority of them viewed as false; however, an old document that was found in the house of a wealthy farmer, the Nagatomi family (the birthplace of Morinosuke KAJIMA who was the chairman of Kajima Corporation and the former advisor of the Kusunoki family council) in Shinzaike, Ibokawa-cho in Ibo-gun, Hyogo Prefecture and it was revealed that this geneology recorded in this manuscrit during the late Edo Period was actually copied from an old document.
- 東久邇宮稔彦王は、若いころからしばしば皇族の身分を離れたいと発言してきたことで知られているが、1945年(昭和20年)に内閣総理大臣を辞任した直後にも、自らの臣籍降下を昭和天皇に願い出ており、さらにそのことをマスコミに語り、他の皇族も自分にならうことを求めたために、宮内省があわてて否定の声明を出す一幕もあった。
- Higashikuni Imperial Prince Naruhiko was known for often saying since he was young that he wished to leave his position in the Imperial Family, he also asked Emperor Showa to approve him ceasing to be a member of the Imperial Family, he made his intention clear just after he resigned as Prime Minister in 1945, he also mentioned to it to the media and asked other Imperial members to follow him, and once the Department of the Imperial Household had to make sudden announcement to deny it.
- ただ、東條内閣が成立する時に海軍が海相候補として出した豊田副武を東條英機が拒否し、海軍次官の沢本頼雄が「東條じゃどうせ戦争になるから代わりを出さない(ことによって東條内閣を潰す)ことにしましょう」と進言したことがあるが、及川古志郎海相らの判断で嶋田繁太郎を出すことになり、東條内閣は無事成立に至ったという例がある。
- There were a couple of matters when the Tojo Cabinet was formed; the first, Hideki TOJO refused Soemu TOYODA whom the navy selected as a candidate for the Minister of the Navy; the second, deputy minister of the Navy, Yorio SAWAMOTO proceeded with the plan that 'it's going to be a war with Tojo so we shall not select a candidate (to crash the Tojo Cabinet by not selecting),' however, as Shigetaro SHIMADA was selected with the judgment of Navy Minister Koshiro OIKAWA and others, the Tojo Cabinet was finally formed.
- 再生債権者の権利を変更する条項においては、届出再生債権者及び第百一条第三項の規定により認否書に記載された再生債権者の権利のうち変更されるべき権利を明示し、かつ、前条の一般的基準に従って変更した後の権利の内容を定めなければならない。ただし、第百五十九条及び第百六十条第一項に規定する再生債権については、この限りでない。
- Clauses for modifying rights of rehabilitation creditors shall clearly indicate rights held by holders of filed rehabilitation claims and rehabilitation creditors stated in a written approval or disapproval under the provision of Article 101(3), which are to be modified, and also provide for the content of rights as modified according to the general standards set forth in the preceding Article; provided, however, that this shall not apply to rehabilitation claims prescribed in Article 159 and Article 160(1).
- この契約書に関しては、1966年、参議院商工委員会で鈴木一弘委員(当時)が有効性があるのかと問いただしたところ、農林省、通産省の担当者は、それぞれ、契約書に署名した水利組合理事長に独断でそのような契約を結ぶ権限があったか疑わしく、また、契約後も鉱毒被害が発生していることから、永久示談の成立には否定的な答弁を行っている。
- Regarding this composition, in 1966, the Committee of Commerce and Industry of the House of Councilors, a member (at that time) Kazuhiro SUZUKI questioned its validity, and the representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry answered that they did not think the final composition had been valid nor was valid, since it was doubtful that the chairperson of the water supply union had had the authority to make such a composition with a company and after the composition the mining pollution had been ruining them.
- 否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人は、第一項の規定により同項の保全処分に係る手続を続行しようとする場合において、前条第二項(同条第七項において準用する場合を含む。)に規定する担保の全部又は一部が再生債務者財産に属する財産でないときは、その担保の全部又は一部を再生債務者財産に属する財産による担保に変換しなければならない。
- Where a supervisor empowered to avoid or a trustee intends to continue the procedure pertaining to a temporary restraining order set forth in paragraph (1) pursuant to the provision of said paragraph, if the whole or part of the security prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (7) of said Article) does not belong to the rehabilitation debtor's assets, he/she shall substitute, for the whole or part of such security, another security by way of property that belongs to the rehabilitation debtor's assets.
- 戦国時代における合戦には、示威行動や小競り合いといった、低強度の武力闘争から、戦国時代に含めるか否かは別として、少なくとも戦国時代の延長線上にはある関ヶ原合戦のように、国内を二分しての会戦・決戦といった、後の国家総力戦にある程度擬し得る戦争形態、さらには、文禄・慶長の役である文禄・慶長の役まで、多様な戦争形態が見られる。
- Battles in the Sengoku Period include various forms of war such as armed conflict with low-intensity like demonstrative actions or skirmishes, a form of war that was to a certain extent comparable to later all-out war like the Battle of Sekigahara which was a decisive battle fought by dividing all forces in Japan into two and even if there is a doubt if we can say that it occurred in the Sengoku Period, it was on the extension of the Sengoku Period, and the Bunroku/Keicho War which was war to invade a foreign country.
- そのため、室町幕府は応安の半済令を定めて寺社本所領の下地中分を強行する代わりに一切の押領を認めない(ただし、禁裏御料・殿下渡領・本所一円支配地は半済そのものも否認する)姿勢を取ったが、戦国時代 (日本)になるとそれも有名無実化して直務支配下にあった一部例外を除いたほとんどの寺社本所領は戦国大名や国人に奪われていくことになる。
- To cope with this situation, the Muromachi bakufu took the attitude of rejecting all the cases of embezzlement by forcing shitaji chubun (physical division of the shoen) on the jisha honjoryo by promulgating oan no hanzeirei (half-tax decrees in the oan era) (but, even the half-tax measure was rejected for kinri goryo, denka watariryo, and honjo ichien shihaichi); however, during the Sengoku period (warring states period), the decree became in name only and most part of the jisha honjoryo except for the land under the direct rule was deprived by sengoku daimyo (local chieftain of warring province) and kokujin (leading local warrior).
- 日本酒は、一つの醪の中で、デンプンが日本酒麹の酵素によって糖に変わる糖化と、糖が日本酒酒母(または酒母)(もと)で培養された酵母によってアルコールと二酸化炭素に変わるという分解が、同時並行的に進むという並行複醗酵によって醸造されるが、この後者である分解が最後まで進むか否かによって、醗酵の様態は完全醗酵と不完全醗酵に大別される。
- Japanese liquor is brewed in the same moromi through parallel multi-fermentation consisting of the saccharification which is conversion of starch to sugar by sake rice malt enzyme and of the decomposition which is the conversion of sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide by sake mash (a large number of cultured yeast cells); and whether the latter process, namely the decomposition, progresses to the end or not determines roughly the mode of fermentation, complete or incomplete.
- しかし大津地裁で扱われるべき事件を正常な手続きなしで大審院に移したり(大逆罪の適用を考慮していた為、皇室罪に関する裁判はすべて大審院における一審において判決が下されることから、適用可否判断を含め地裁ではなく大審院に持ち込まれることになった)、裁判に直接関わっていなかった児島が干渉を重ねたことは裁判官の独立等の問題として残った。
- Basically, Tsuda's trial should have been handled by the Otsu District Court, but it was taken over by Daishin-in without taking a formal procedure (Since Tsuda's case could be treated as a high treason, Daishin-in, which handled all crime cases against the Imperial family, was required to judge whether it should be treated as a high treason and if so, rendered a judgment).
- 戦いに於いては「義は山嶽より重く死は鴻毛より軽しと心得よ」と、「死は或いは泰山より重く或いは鴻毛より輕し」という古諺を言換え、「普段は命を無駄にせず、けれども時には義のため、喩えば天皇のため国のために、命を捨てよ」と命じた物とされる(戦陣訓『生きて虜囚の辱を受けず』、戦陣訓降伏・投降の否定の思想を参照)が、換言の意図は不明である。
- In terms of the war, an old saying 'Life is heavier than Mount Taishan in a sense, and lighter than a feather of a stork in another sense' was put in a phrase 'Keep it in mind that justice is heavier than a mountain and life is lighter than a feather of a stork,' that was an order meaning 'Do not waste life usually, but sometimes die for justice, for example for Emperor and the state' (cf. Senjinkun military code says, 'Do not live as a captive to be subjected to humiliating treatment', and the Senjinkun idea of denying surrender), though why it was rephrased is unclear.
- 首都否定論の立場からは、『平家物語』などの文学作品に語られる「福原遷都」の実態については、平氏政権が和田(神戸市)方面への遷都を目的として福原に行宮を置いたに過ぎず、それによって平安京が従来の首都機能を失った様子も特に見られないことから、建前はどうあれ、福原は京都の機能を軍事・貿易面で補完する事実上の副都に留まった、とする主張がある。
- From the standpoint of negative capital, on the actual condition of 'Transfer of the capital to Fukuhara' talked in the literary work such as 'the Tale of Heike,' some insist that the Taira clan government set Angu (tentative capital) in Fukuhara only for the purposes of transfering the captial toward Wada (Kobe City), and since Heian-Kyo did not lose any function as a traditional capital, Fukuhara ended up being the sub-capital to complement Kyoto in military and trade functions.
- 更に漢文・古文などを「よきものではあるがそこまでして勉強するものではない」(意訳)として、その意義を否定こそしないが、世間で扱われている程の価値があるものではない、と言って儒学者や朱子学者が言う様な難しい字句のある漢文や古文を学ぶより、まず日常的に利用価値のある、読み書き、計算、基本的な道徳などの「実学」を身につけるべきだと書かれている。
- Fukuzawa also encouraged to acquire certain skills that could be practically used in everyday life, such as reading and writing, calculation, fundamental ethics, rather than learning Chinese and classics that had long been encouraged to learn but were rather abstruse and unpractical, and were good and appropriate only for Confucian or Neo-Confucian scholars, while Fukuzawa never denied the value of those classics, just implying that they were good, but were not the subjects you really had to study diligently.
- 破産管財人は、債権届出期間の経過後に届出があり、又は届出事項の変更(他の破産債権者の利益を害すべき事項の変更に限る。以下この節において同じ。)があった破産債権についても、前項各号に掲げる事項(当該届出事項の変更があった場合にあっては、変更後の同項各号に掲げる事項。以下この節において同じ。)についての認否を同項の認否書に記載することができる。
- A bankruptcy trustee, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed matter (limited to a change which is prejudicial to the interest of other bankruptcy creditors; the same shall apply in this Section) after the expiration of the period for filing proofs of claims, may also state his/her approval or disapproval of the matters listed in the items of the preceding paragraph (in cases where there is a change to any filed matter, the matter set forth in each item of said paragraph as changed; the same shall apply in this Section) in the statement of approval or disapproval set forth in said paragraph.
- 政府内で払下げに反対していた大隈の処分と反政府運動の鉾先を収めるため、岩倉具視(ただし岩倉は7月から10月まで休養を取って有馬温泉に行っていたので現在では岩倉の関与を否定し、伊藤が主な計画者とする説が有力。)、参議伊藤博文、井上毅らは協議を行い、明治天皇の行幸に大隈が同行している間に大隈の罷免、払下げ中止、10年後の国会開設などの方針を決めた。
- Regarding the punishment of Okuma, who was against the sale in government, and cooling down the movement against the government, Tomomi IWAKURA (However, because Iwakura was on vacation in Arima-onsen (hot spring) from July to October, today there is doubt about involvement of Iwakura, and Ito is considered as a main plotter), Hirobumi ITO, a Sangi, and Kowashi INOUE discussed about dismissal of Okuma, stop of the sales of government owned facilities and equipment and establishment of the National Diet after 10 years while Okuma was away for a trip with Emperor Meiji.
- 答弁書には、請求の趣旨に対する答弁を記載するほか、訴状に記載された事実に対する認否及び抗弁事実を具体的に記載し、かつ、立証を要する事由ごとに、当該事実に関連する事実で重要なもの及び証拠を記載しなければならない。やむを得ない事由によりこれらを記載することができない場合には、答弁書の提出後速やかに、これらを記載した準備書面を提出しなければならない。
- A written answer shall contain statements of the answer to the object of claim, concrete statements of admission or denial of the facts stated in the complaint and facts of defense, and statements of material facts related to said facts and evidence for the respective grounds that require proof. In cases where it is not possible to include such statements due to unavoidable circumstances, a brief containing such statements shall be submitted promptly after submitting the written answer.
- 差止請求の要否及びその内容についての検討を行う部門において次のイ及びロに掲げる者(以下「専門委員」と総称する。)が共にその専門的な知識経験に基づいて必要な助言を行い又は意見を述べる体制が整備されていることその他差止請求関係業務を遂行するための人的体制に照らして、差止請求関係業務を適正に遂行することができる専門的な知識経験を有すると認められること。
- The person shall have an organizational structure so that persons listed in (a) and (b) (hereinafter referred to as an 'Expert Advisers') shall be able to jointly give necessary advice based on his/her expertise and professional experience and state their opinion, at a section responsible for reviewing whether a demand for an injunction is required or not and the reasons why a demand for an injunction should be sought, and be otherwise found to have expertise and professional experience necessary for properly conducting the services involved in demand of an injunction, in light of the human resources of such a person to conduct such services.
- この事件における外国人側被害に対して処罰が重すぎるのではないかとの声もあり、また、日本側としては滝の行為は、少なくとも「供割」への対処は武士として当然のものでもあったが、列強の強い要求の前に抗うことが出来ず、伊藤や五代才助(後の五代友厚)を通じた伊達宗城の期限ギリギリまでの助命嘆願もフランスのレオン・ロッシュをはじめとする公使投票の前に否決される。
- There were some opinions that the punishment for injuring foreigners was too severe, and from the Japanese viewpoint the act of TAKI was quite natural for a samurai, at least as a reaction to 'Tomowari,'but it was difficult to resist the strong demand of the powerful countries and the plea for saving TAKI made by Munenari DATE through ITO and Saisuke GODAI (later Tomoatsu GODAI) to the last minute of the deadline was rejected by the voting of Leon ROCHES of France and other minister-counselors'.
- その一方で、称徳天皇や道鏡が清麻呂を流した事で2番目の神託を否認した以上、最初の神託に基づいて道鏡への皇位継承を進めることも可能であった筈なのに事件以後に全くそうした動きを見せていない事や逆に藤原氏らの反対派がこの事件を直接の大義名分として天皇や道鏡排除に積極的に動いていない事から、道鏡がこの事件に深く関わっていたとする証拠を見出す事は困難である。
- On the other hand, it is difficult to find the evidence that Dokyo was deeply involved in this incident because of the following reasons; Empress Shotoku did not proceed with the move to let Dokyo ascend the throne based on the first oracle although she could have done so after she and Dokyo denied the second oracle and exiled Kiyomaro; furthermore, there was no active movement in the opposition factions such as Fujiwara clan concerning the removal of Empress Shotoku or Dokyo using this incident as a legitimate reason.
- 但しこれらの伝承は「紫式部が源高明の死を悼んで『源氏物語』を書き始めた」とするどう考えても歴史的事実に合わない説話や、紫式部が菩薩の化身であるといった中世的な神秘的伝承と関連づけて伝えられることも多かったため、古くからこれを否定する言説も多く、近世以降の『源氏物語』研究においては『源氏物語』の成立や構成を考えるための手がかりとされることはなかった。
- However, these traditions have been told in relation to the tale that 'Murasaki Shikibu began writing to comfort her sorrow over the death of MINAMOTO no Takaakira,' which is not true to the historical fact, or in a mysterious medieval folktale that Murasaki Shikibu was an incarnation of Bodhisattva; thus there have been many statements that deny them since old times, and they haven't been taken as clues to consider the formation and structure of 'The Tale of Genji' in the study of 'The Tale of Genji' since modern times.
- これは、ロシア側へいかなる弱みともなることをも秘密にしようとした日本政府の政策に加え、新聞以下マスコミ各社が日清戦争を引き合いに出して戦争に対する国民期待を否応なしに煽ったために修正がきかなくなっていたこともあり、国民の多くは戦争をしている国力の実情を知らされず、目先の勝利によってロシアが簡単に屈服させられたように錯覚した反動から来ているものである。
- The discrepancy between popular sentiment and government policy is due to the fact that the Japanese Government adopted a stringent policy of secrecy to keep any information that could reveal national weaknesses from falling into Russian hands; The media including newspapers used the example of the Japanese victory in the Sino-Japanese War to fan the flames of war without regard to national sentiment, and inadvertantly built up jingoistic mood which could not be easily reversed; and finally, the majority of citizens were not aware of the true nature of Japan's national strength and erroneously believed that Japan easily defeated Russia in battle.
- 被告の答弁により反論を要することとなった場合には、原告は、速やかに、答弁書に記載された事実に対する認否及び再抗弁事実を具体的に記載し、かつ、立証を要することとなった事由ごとに、当該事実に関連する事実で重要なもの及び証拠を記載した準備書面を提出しなければならない。当該準備書面には、立証を要することとなった事由につき、重要な書証の写しを添付しなければならない。
- In cases where the plaintiff is required to make a counterargument due to the submission of an answer by the defendant, he/she shall promptly submit a brief that contains concrete statements of admission or denial of the facts stated in the written answer and facts of re-defense, and statements of material facts related to said facts and evidence for the respective grounds that require proof. Said brief shall have attached a copy of important documentary evidence for grounds that require proof.
- 再生債務者が再生債権者を害することを知って委託者として信託をした場合には、否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人は、受益者を被告として、その受益権を再生債務者財産(民事再生法第十二条第一項第一号に規定する再生債務者財産をいう。第二十五条第四項において同じ。)に返還することを訴えをもって請求することができる。この場合においては、前条第四項ただし書の規定を準用する。
- Where a rehabilitation debtor has created a trust as the settlor with the knowledge that it would harm the rehabilitation creditors, a supervisor with avoiding powers or a trustee in charge of rehabilitation proceedings may demand, by filing an action against a beneficiary, that the beneficiary return the beneficial interest to the assets of rehabilitation debtor (meaning the assets of rehabilitation debtor as prescribed in Article 12, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Civil Rehabilitation Act; the same shall apply in Article 25, paragraph (4)). In this case, the provisions of the proviso to paragraph (4) of the preceding Article shall apply mutatis mutandis.
- 4月下旬に始まった帝国議会において、ロンドン海軍軍縮会議締結に対し、軍令部が要求していた、補助艦の対米比7割に満たないとして条約締結拒否を言ったにもかかわらず、この条約を結んだことを理由に、野党の立憲政友会総裁の犬養毅と鳩山一郎が衆議院で、「軍令部の反対意見を無視した条約調印は統帥権の干犯である」と政府を攻撃、続いて枢密院議長倉富勇三郎もこれに同調する動きを見せた。
- Despite the Army demanded to reject the conclusion of the treaty of London Naval Conference on Disarmament, at the Imperial Diet opened in the latter half of April, because the proportion of the auxiliary ships unreached to 70 percent comparing to that of the United States, the government concluded the treaty, so that Tsuyoshi INUKAI, the President of the Opposition Rikken seiyukai, and Ichiro HATOYAMA attacked the government at the House of Representatives appealing 'The conclusion of the treaty ignoring the opposite opinion given by the Army means the interference and violate of supreme command,' and following that the Chairman of the Privy Council Yuzaburo KURATOMI showed his attitude to sympathize with that.
- 支払の停止等があった後権利の設定、移転又は変更をもって第三者に対抗するために必要な行為(仮登記又は仮登録を含む。)をした場合において、その行為が権利の設定、移転又は変更があった日から十五日を経過した後悪意でしたものであるときは、これを否認することができる。ただし、当該仮登記又は仮登録以外の仮登記又は仮登録があった後にこれらに基づいてされた本登記又は本登録は、この限りでない。
- Where an act necessary for duly asserting the establishment, transfer or modification of a right against a third party (including a provisional registration) was conducted after suspension of payments, etc. took place, such act may be avoided if it was conducted after 15 days had elapsed since the date of establishment, transfer or modification of the right, while knowing that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a definitive registration based on prior unavoidable provisional registration.
- だが、藩主が非世襲の知藩事に変わり(ただし、実際には事実上の改易処分を受けた福岡藩などの例外を除いては、世襲の後継者がそのまま後任とされている)、陪臣である藩士も知藩事と同じ朝廷(明治政府)の家臣(「王臣」)とされる事で、朱子学に基づいた武士道(近代以後の「武士道」とは違う)によって位置づけられてきた主君(藩主)と家臣(藩士)の主従関係を否定することになるものであり、諸藩の抵抗も予想された。
- However, the lord of a domain changed to a non-hereditary Chihanji, (note that in fact, apart from the Fukuoka domain, whose rank changed by the 'kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) successors were of heredity) and since feudal retainers of the domain, who were baishin (indirect vassals) were also considered vassals (vassas of the king)of the Imperial Court (Meiji government), which are the same as Chihanji, it contradicted the relationship between the lord and vassal that was established by Bushido (the way of the samurai) based on Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) so resistance by domains were expected.
- 役員(第三百二十九条第一項に規定する役員をいう。以下この節において同じ。)の職務の執行に関し不正の行為又は法令若しくは定款に違反する重大な事実があったにもかかわらず、当該役員を解任する旨の議案が株主総会において否決されたとき又は当該役員を解任する旨の株主総会の決議が第三百二十三条の規定によりその効力を生じないときは、次に掲げる株主は、当該株主総会の日から三十日以内に、訴えをもって当該役員の解任を請求することができる。
- If, notwithstanding the presence of misconduct or material facts in violation of laws and regulations or the articles of incorporation in connection with the execution of the duties of an officer (meaning the officer prescribed in Article 329(1); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section), a proposal to dismiss such officer is rejected at the shareholders meeting or a resolution of the shareholders meeting to dismiss such officer fails to become effective pursuant to the provisions of Article 323, the following shareholders may demand dismissal of such officer by filing an action within thirty days from the day of such shareholders meeting:
- 外国等は、当該外国等(国以外のものにあっては、それらが所属する国。以下この条において同じ。)以外の国の国民又は当該外国等以外の国若しくはこれに所属する国等の法令に基づいて設立された法人その他の団体との間の商業的取引に係る書面による仲裁合意に関し、当該仲裁合意の存否若しくは効力又は当該仲裁合意に基づく仲裁手続に関する裁判手続について、裁判権から免除されない。ただし、当事者間に書面による別段の合意がある場合は、この限りでない。
- A Foreign State, etc., with respect to the written arbitration agreements relating to commercial transactions between said Foreign State, etc. and a citizen of a State other than said Foreign State, etc. (for those other than a State, the State to which they belong; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) or a judicial person or any other entity established based on the laws and regulations of the State or the State, etc. which belongs to the State, shall not be immune from jurisdiction with respect to Judicial Proceedings concerning the existence or nonexistence or effect of said arbitration agreements or arbitration proceedings based on said arbitration agreements; provided however, this shall not apply in cases where the parties have agreed otherwise in writing.
- 協会は、その定款において、この法律、この法律に基づく命令若しくはこの法律に基づいてする主務大臣の処分若しくは協会若しくは商品取引所の定款その他の規則に違反し、又は取引の信義則に背反する行為をして、商品市場における取引若しくは商品取引受託業務の停止を命ぜられ、又は協会若しくは商品取引所から除名若しくは取引資格の取消しの処分を受けたことのある者については、その者が協会員として加入することを拒否することができる旨を定めることができる。
- An Association may stipulate in its articles of incorporation that if a person has ever received an order to suspend Transactions on a Commodity Market or a Commodity Transactions Brokerage Business or has been expelled from an Association or a Commodity Exchange or has received a disposition to rescind the trading qualification as a result of violating this Act, an order based on this Act or a disposition by the competent minister based on this Act or the articles of incorporation or other rules of an Association or a Commodity Exchange or committing an act in contrary to the fair and equitable principles of transactions, the Association may refuse such person to join as an Association Member.
- 第百三十七条から前条まで(書証の申出等、訳文の添付等、書証の写しの提出期間、文書提出命令の申立ての方式等、提示文書の保管、受命裁判官等の証拠調べの調書、文書の提出等の方法、録音テープ等の反訳文書の書証の申出があった場合の取扱い、文書の成立を否認する場合における理由の明示及び筆跡等の対照の用に供すべき文書等に係る調書等)の規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、法第二百三十一条(文書に準ずる物件への準用)に規定する物件について準用する。
- The provisions of Article 137 to the preceding Article (Request for Examination of Documentary Evidence, etc.; Attaching of Translation, etc.; Period for Submission of Copy of Documentary Evidence; Method of Filing Petition for Order to Submit Document, etc.; Retention of Presented Document; Record of Examination of Evidence by Authorized Judge, etc.; Method of Submission, etc. of Document; Handling in Cases where Request for Examination of Documentary Evidence was Made for Transcription of Audio Tape, etc.; Clear Indication of Reason in Cases of Denying Authenticity of Creation of Document; and Record, etc. pertaining to Document, etc. to be Used for Comparison of Handwriting, etc.) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the objects prescribed in Article 231 (Application Mutatis Mutandis to Objects Equivalent to Documents) of the Code, except as otherwise provided.
- 辛亥革命後、五・四運動を経て不平等条約破棄を求める中国国民の声が高まると、規定上の改訂期間が訪れた1926年10月に北京政府が条約改訂を日本側に打診するが、1928年7月19日、当時北京政府に代わって中国を掌握していた蒋介石の南京国民政府が一方的に破棄を通告、日本側はこれを拒否して継続を宣言したが、その後日本側からも対立悪化を懸念する声が上がり、改訂交渉が行われ、1930年5月6日に日華関税協定が結ばれて中国側の関税自主権が回復された。
- After the Xinhai Revolution, the demand to abrogate the unequal treaty increased among Chinese people in the May Fourth Movement, the Beijing Government offered the revision of the treaty to Japan in October 1926 when the term of revision started, but the Nanjing Government led by Chiang Kai-shek who controlled China at that time one-sidedly notified the abrogation of the treaty on July 19, 1928, on the other hand, Japan denied the notification and declared the continuation of the treaty, however, the concern was raised in Japan that the relationship between Japan and China might deteriorate, the two countries negotiated about revision of the treaty, and finally the Sino-Japanese Tariff Agreement was concluded on May 6, 1930, and the Chinese tariff autonomy was restored.
- 理由はこの両名が武田勝頼と内通していたという訴えが五徳姫より信長にもたらされたためであるが、当時、もはや盟友とは名ばかりであり、実質的に織田を盟主とする従属国であった家康には信長の要求を拒否し、同盟を破棄して戦うだけの実力も無かったため、家康は要求に従って信康と築山殿を処刑するしかなかったと言われている(もっとも、この時期信康と家康、厳密に言えば家康家臣団との対立が激しくなっており、信康粛清は信長の要求ではないとする説が近年では有力視されている)。
- That's because Gotokuhime (Princess Toku) told Nobunaga that Nobuyasu and Tsukiyama-dono secretly communicated with Katsuyori TAKEDA; while Ieyasu, the Nobunaga's allies of sorts and the virtually dependent to the leader Oda, had no power neither to deny Nobunaga's order, nor to fight with him by abrogating the alliance, it is said that he had no choice but to execute Nobuyasu and Tsukiyama-dono (although the confrontation of Nobuyasu and Ieyasu, more precisely Nobuyasu and the vassals of Ieyasu was getting intense at this time, therefore, a theory is getting dominant in recent years which advocates that the purge of Nobuyasu was not Nobunaga's demand).
- 指定適格消費者団体が承継した差止請求権をその指定前に有していた者(以下この条において「従前の適格消費者団体」という。)のうち当該確定判決等の当事者であったものについて、第十三条第一項の認定の取消処分、同項の認定の有効期間の更新拒否処分若しくは合併若しくは事業の全部の譲渡の不認可処分(以下この条において「認定取消処分等」という。)が取り消され、又は認定取消処分等の取消し若しくはその無効若しくは不存在の確認の判決(次項第二号において「取消判決等」という。)が確定したとき。
- If disposition of rescission of certification provided in para. (1) of Article 13, disposition of refusal of renewing the validity of certification provided for in the same paragraph or disposition of disapproval of merger or transfer of its business in whole (hereinafter referred to as 'Certification Rescission Disposition, etc.' in this article) are rescinded, or if a judgment confirming rescission, nullity or absence of the disposition of rescission of certification, etc. (hereinafter referred to as 'Judgment, etc. of Rescission' in item (ii) of the following paragraph) becomes final and binding, with respect to a person who had the right to demand an injunction succeeded by a designated qualified consumer organization before the designation (hereinafter referred to as 'Previous Qualified Consumer Organization' in this article) and who was a party to said final and binding judgments, etc.
- 裁判所は、債権届出期間の経過後、一般調査期間の満了前又は一般調査期日の終了前にその届出があり、又は届出事項の変更があった破産債権について、その調査をするための期間(以下「特別調査期間」という。)を定めなければならない。た だし、当該破産債権について、破産管財人が第百十七条第三項の規定により提出された認否書に同条第一項各号に掲げる事項の全部若しくは一部についての認否 を記載している場合又は一般調査期日において調査をすることについて破産管財人及び破産債権者の異議がない場合は、この限りでない。
- The court, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed matter after the period for filing proofs of claims has expired but before the ordinary period for investigation expires or the ordinary date of investigation ends, shall specify a period for conducting an investigation of such claim (hereinafter referred to as a 'special period for investigation'); provided, however, that this shall not apply where, with regard to such bankruptcy claim, a bankruptcy trustee states, in the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provision of Article 117(3), his/her approval or disapproval of the whole or part of the matters listed in the items of paragraph (1) of said Article, or no objection is made by a bankruptcy trustee or any bankruptcy creditors against conducting an investigation on the ordinary date of investigation.
- 日本人の洋装化が一段と進んだこと、敗戦で軍隊で強制されていたことの嫌悪感から旧文化が否定される風潮になったこと、日本の工業化の進展で農村部から都市部に人口の移動が起こり、核家族化が進行して「褌祝」の私的祭事に象徴される褌継承の文化が断絶したこと、女性の社会進出で家事が簡略化されて自家で縫製する機会がなくなったこと、製造販売する業者も少なく店頭に並ばず、入手性に難があったこと、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が廉価で出現して、機能性だけでなくファッション性のある下着が若者を中心に普及したことなどである。
- (1) Western clothes became more popular than ever in Japan; (2) there brought about a tendency to deny the previous culture because of the loss of the war, and, to make the matter worse, the fundoshi was something the military forced them to wear; (3) because of the advancement of industrialization, people moved from agricultural communities to urban areas to change the traditional family form to a nuclear family, and thus it made it hard to continue the culture in which wearing fundoshi was often symbolically celebrated as a rite of passage to be a grown-up man; (4) as women were encouraged to participate in society, household chores were simplified and thus the time for sewing fundoshi at home became limited; (5) manufacturers of fundoshi were practically decreased and it made it hard for people to get fundoshi at stores; and (6) new types of undergarments, such as a brief type and a trunks type of underpants, appeared at low prices, those functional, and were seen fashionable, undergarments became popular mainly among young people.
- 裁判所は、債権届出期間の経過後、一般調査期間の満了前又は一般調査期日の終了前に届出があり、又は届出事項の変更があった破産債権について、必要があると認めるときは、その調査をするための期日(以下「特別調査期日」という。)を定めることができる。た だし、当該破産債権について、破産管財人が第百十七条第三項の規定により提出された認否書に同条第一項各号に掲げる事項の全部若しくは一部についての認否 を記載している場合又は一般調査期日において調査をすることについて破産管財人及び破産債権者の異議がない場合は、この限りでない。
- The court, with regard to a bankruptcy claim which is filed or for which a change is made to any filed matter after the period for filing proofs of claims has expired but before the ordinary period for investigation expires or the ordinary date of investigation ends, may specify a date for conducting an investigation of such claim (hereinafter referred to as a 'special date of investigation'), when it finds it necessary; provided, however, that this shall not apply where, with regard to such bankruptcy claim, a bankruptcy trustee states, in the statement of approval or disapproval submitted pursuant to the provision of Article 117(3), his/her approval or disapproval of the whole or part of the matters listed in the items of paragraph (1) of said Article, or no objection is made by any bankruptcy trustee or bankruptcy creditors against conducting an investigation on the ordinary date of investigation.
- 委託者がその債権者を害することを知って信託をした場合には、受託者が債権者を害すべき事実を知っていたか否かにかかわらず、債権者は、受託者を被告として、民法(明治二十九年法律第八十九号)第四百二十四条第一項の規定による取消しを裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、受益者が現に存する場合において、その受益者の全部又は一部が、受益者としての指定(信託行為の定めにより又は第八十九条第一項に規定する受益者指定権等の行使により受益者又は変更後の受益者として指定されることをいう。以下同じ。)を受けたことを知った時又は受益権を譲り受けた時において債権者を害すべき事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- Where a settlor has created a trust with the knowledge that it would harm the settlor's creditor, the creditor may, irrespective of whether or not the trustee had knowledge of the fact that the creditor would be harmed, request the court for a rescission under the provisions of Article 424, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), with the trustee as the defendant; provided, however, that this shall not apply where there are any beneficiaries at the time, all or some of who had no knowledge of the fact that the creditor would be harmed at the time when they became aware that they had been designated as beneficiaries (meaning being designated as an initial beneficiary or new beneficiary after a change in the provisions of the terms of trust or as a result of the exercise of the right to designate or change a beneficiary prescribed in Article 89, paragraph (1); the same shall apply hereinafter) or when they acquired beneficial interests.
- この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買(日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う)を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
- There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).
- 大久保は、説得に大院君が耳を貸すとは思えず西郷が朝鮮に行った場合必ず殺される(殺されずとも大院君が使節を拒否した場合は開戦の大義名分になってしまう)、そうなった場合結果的に朝鮮と開戦してしまうのではないかという危機感、当時の日本には朝鮮や清、ひいてはロシアとの関係が険悪になる(その帰結として戦争を遂行する)だけの国力が備わっていないという戦略的判断、外遊組との約束を無視し、危険な外交的博打に手を染めようとしている残留組に対する感情的反発、朝鮮半島問題よりも先に片付けるべき外交案件が存在するという日本の国際的立場(清との琉球帰属問題(台湾出兵参照)、ロシアとの樺太、千島列島の領有権問題、イギリスとの小笠原諸島領有権問題、不平等条約改正)などから猛烈に反対、費用の問題なども絡めて征韓の不利を説き延期を訴えた。
- OKUBO didn't think Daewongun lend an ear to persuasion, and thought SAIGO will be killed (even if he won't be killed, if Daewongun rejected the envoy, it can be a legitimate reason for outbreak of war) inevitably when he went to Korea, and he felt a sense of danger that they will start the war with Korea as a result, and his strategic decision that Japan doesn't have national strength at that time to strain the relationship (as a result, wage a war) with Korea, Qing, and eventually Russia, an emotional backlash to the remaining group that ignored agreement and about to dabble in diplomatic gambling, he strongly opposed because of the presence of a diplomatic matters (Ryukyu attribution issue with Qing [see the Taiwan expedition], territorial right problem on Sakhalin and Kurile Islands with Russia, territorial right problem on Ogasawara Islands [Bonin Islands] with England, revision of the unequal treaty) that must be dealt with before Korean Peninsula problem on Japanese international standing, and he correlated it with expenses etc and appealed postponement by telling disadvantage of subjugation of Korea.
- 前二項の規定は、更生会社(会社更生法(平成十四年法律第百五十四号)第二条第七項に規定する更生会社又は金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律(平成八年法律第九十五号)第百六十九条第七項に規定する更生会社をいう。)又は更生協同組織金融機関(同法第四条第七項に規定する更生協同組織金融機関をいう。)について準用する。この場合において、第三項中「民事再生法(平成十一年法律第二百二十五号)第百二十七条第一項」とあるのは「会社更生法(平成十四年法律第百五十四号)第八十六条第一項並びに金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律(平成八年法律第九十五号)第五十七条第一項及び第二百二十三条第一項」と、「同項各号」とあるのは「これらの規定」と、前項中「再生債権者」とあるのは「更生債権者又は更生担保権者」と、「否認権限を有する監督委員又は管財人」とあるのは「管財人」と、「再生債務者財産(民事再生法第十二条第一項第一号に規定する再生債務者財産をいう。第二十五条第四項において同じ。)」とあるのは「更生会社財産(会社更生法第二条第十四項に規定する更生会社財産又は金融機関等の更生手続の特例等に関する法律第百六十九条第十四項に規定する更生会社財産をいう。)又は更生協同組織金融機関財産(同法第四条第十四項に規定する更生協同組織金融機関財産をいう。)」と読み替えるものとする。
- The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to a company under reorganization (meaning a company under reorganization as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (7) of the Corporate Reorganization Act (Act No. 154 of 2002) or a company under reorganization as prescribed in Article 169, paragraph (7) of the Act on Special Rules, etc. for Reorganization Proceedings for Financial Institutions, etc. (Act No. 95 of 1996)) or a cooperative financial institution under reorganization (meaning a cooperative financial institution under reorganization as prescribed in Article 4, paragraph (7) of the Act on Special Rules, etc. for Reorganization Proceedings for Financial Institutions, etc). In this case, in paragraph (3), the phrase 'the provisions of Article 127, paragraph (1) of the Civil Rehabilitation Act (Act No. 225 of 1999)' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the provisions of Article 86, paragraph (1) of the Corporate Reorganization Act (Act No. 154 of 2002) and Article 57, paragraph (1) and Article 223, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Rules, etc. for Reorganization Proceedings for Financial Institutions, etc. (Act No. 95 of 1996),' and the phrase 'the items of said paragraph' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'these provisions,' and in the preceding paragraph, the term 'rehabilitation creditors' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'reorganization creditors or secured reorganization creditors,' and the phrase 'supervisor with avoidance powers or a trustee in charge of rehabilitation proceedings' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'trustee in charge of reorganization proceedings,' and the phrase 'the assets of rehabilitation debtor (meaning the assets of rehabilitation debtor prescribed in Article 12, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Civil Rehabilitation Act; the same shall apply in Article 25, paragraph (4))' shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the assets of the company under reorganization (meaning assets of a company under reorganization as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (14) of the Corporate Reorganization Act or assets of a company under reorganization as prescribed in Article 169, paragraph (14) of the Act on Special Rules, etc. for Reorganization Proceedings for Financial Institutions, etc.) or assets of a cooperative financial institution under reorganization (meaning assets of a cooperative financial institution under reorganization as prescribed in Article 4, paragraph (14) of the Act on Special Rules, etc. for Reorganization Proceedings for Financial Institutions, etc.)'