史: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 藩史
- The history of the domain
- The history of this domain
- History of the Omi Komuro Domain
- 学説史
- Doctrinal history
- History of studies
- History of Theories
- 欠史八代
- Kesshi-Hachidai
- Kesshi Hachidai (The Eight Undocumented Sovereigns)
- 左大史。
- He served as Sadaishi (First Secretary of the Left).
- 欠史十代
- Kesshi-Judai (Ten Undocumented Sovereigns)
- 称号の歴史
- The history of the title
- 天皇の歴史
- History of the Emperor
- 伎楽の歴史
- The history of gigaku
- 歴史的評価
- Historical assessment
- Historic evaluation
- 史料・史跡
- Historical materials and historic sites
- 日本刀歴史
- History section of Japanese swords
- 銭湯の歴史
- The History of Sento
- 歴史と製法
- History and method of manufacture
- 歴史と概要
- History and summary
- 歴史・背景
- History and background
- 茶道の歴史
- The History of Sado
- 歴史・概要
- Summary of History
- History and Summary
- 歴史と系譜
- History and Genealogy
- 掛軸の歴史
- History of Kakejiku
- 御料車の歴史
- History of Goryosha
- 影響・受容史
- Influence and History of Reception
- Influence and a history of the reception
- 史劇のはしり
- Forerunner of the historical play
- 歴史上の人物
- Historical people
- Historical figures
- 社史・記念誌
- Company History and Commemorative Books
- 外食店の歴史
- History of curry and rice restaurants
- 茶漬けの歴史
- History of chazuke
- 能舞台の歴史
- History of Noh stage
- 忘年会の歴史
- History of Bonenkai
- 宗教と文化史
- Religion and cultural history
- 海老芋の歴史
- History of ebi-imo
- 遠州流の歴史
- The History of Enshu school
- 欠史八代の天皇
- The emperors of Kesshi-Hachidai
- 歴史的な伎楽面
- Historical Gigaku-men mask
- 「伊賀史曰。」
- The History of Iga states as follows:'
- 歴史学的な考え
- Viewpoint of the historians
- 歴史・名称起源
- History and origin of the name
- 歴史上のくノ一
- History of kunoichi
- 深蒸し茶の歴史
- The History of Fukamushi-cha
- 結成までの前史
- Before the founding
- ふぐ料理の歴史
- History of Fugu Cuisine
- すり鉢の生産史
- The history of Suribachi production
- 書学書道史学会
- Shogaku Shodoshi Gakkai
- 歴史上の人物・賛
- Historical character, 賛 San
- 江戸前ずしの歴史
- History of Edomae-zushi
- 主な史跡・旧跡等
- Major historic sites
- 京都市歴史資料館
- Kyoto-shi Rekishi Shiryokan (the Kyoto city historical museum)
- Kyoto City Library of Historical Documents
- 日本における歴史
- History of Sencha-do in Japan
- History of onigiri in Japan
- History of Kaido in Japan
- 明かり障子の歴史
- History of an Akari Shoji
- 温泉の歴史と利用
- History and use of hot springs
- 小堀遠州流の歴史
- History of the Kobori Enshu school
- 歴史上著名な行幸啓
- Historically famous Gyokokei
- 歴史に果たした役割
- Her role in the history
- 歴史上の「御曹司」
- Onzoshi' in history
- 奥州藤原氏登場前史
- Prehistory of the appearance of the Oshu Fujiwara clan
- 大山崎町歴史資料館
- Oyamazaki Museum of History
- Oyamazakicho Historic Museum
- Oyamazaki-cho Rekishi Shiryokan (Oyamazaki-Cho Historical Archives)
- 歴史・成立から展開
- History - From establishment to development
- 板戸(建具)の歴史
- History of Itado
- 歴史上の隠居の実例
- Historical Examples of Inkyo
- 日本での食文化の歴史
- History of food culture in Japan
- 樫原廃寺跡(国史跡)
- Katagihara-haiji Ato: a national historical relic site
- 日本酒の歴史を参照。
- Refer to 'History of Sake.'
- 歴史と身分による分類
- Classification by history and social status
- 歴史・文学の中の雷神
- Raijin in history, literature
- 平川廃寺跡 - 国史跡
- Hirakawa-haiji (dilapidated) Temple Ruins (平川廃寺跡): ruins designated as a national historical relic site
- 歴史上の皇位簒奪の事例
- Cases of historical usurpation of the imperial throne
- 歴史の古い食肉牛である。
- It is an edible beef which has a long history.
- 200年程の歴史を持つ。
- It has a history of about 200 years.
- 氏族としての豊臣氏の歴史
- History of the Toyotomi as a shizoku (clan)
- 京都との歴史的なつながり
- Historical connections with Kyoto
- 史実かどうか疑われている。
- Some doubt that the anecdote of the birth of the Prince Umayado is true.
- 歴史的には主に木製である。
- Historically, it has been made of wood.
- 大山崎瓦窯跡 (国指定史跡)
- Oyamazaki Kiln Site (a national historical site)
- Remains of the Oyamazaki tile kiln (a national historic site)
- Remains of Oyamazaki tile kiln (nationally designated historic site)
- Ruins of Oyamazaki tile kiln (nationally designated historic site)
- この阿知吉師は阿直史等の祖。
- This Achikishi was the founder of Achiki no fubito.
- 御璽の歴史は奈良時代に遡る。
- The history of Gyoji goes back to Nara period.
- 現代仮名遣い、歴史的仮名遣い
- Modern kana usage (as laid out by the Japanese government in 1946), and historical kana orthography
- 歴史画 歴史の名場面を描く。
- Rekishiga: They depicted historically famous scenes.
- 歴史(第二次大戦後から現代)
- History (from the end of WWII to the present)
- 岡崎市史による葵紋諸説の解説
- The Okazaki City History explains the origin of the aoi-mon as follows:
- 内部は歴史資料館になっている。
- A historical museum was created inside.
- 日本の醤油には長い歴史がある。
- Japanese soy-sauce has a long history.
- 建物自体も歴史的なものである。
- Its building itself is historic.
- 『大日本史』では「修子」と表記。
- In 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan), it was indicated as '修子.'
- 「ウケ」: 史実の清原武衡に相当
- 'Uke': historically KIYOHARA no Takehira
- 「太刀下」: 史実の源義綱に相当
- 'Tachishita': historically MINAMOTO no Yoshitsuna
- 国指定史跡の水子貝塚がある()。
- There is a Mizuko-kaizuka Shell Mound which is an officially-designated historical site.
- (参照「日本酒の歴史大正時代」)
- (Refer to 'History of sake in the Taisho period.')
- 弓矢の歴史は石器時代にまで遡る。
- The history of the bow and arrow goes back to the Stone Age.
- この意味の稚児出身の歴史上の人物
- Historical characters who were once chigo in large-scale temples.
- 神武陵は転々としてきた歴史がある。
- The location of Emperor Jimmu's mausoleum has been changed many times through history.
- 坂上田村麻呂:史上初の征夷大将軍。
- SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro - the first Seii Taishogun (literally 'great general' who subdues the barbarians).
- 中国史書の5名との対応がとれない。
- But Chinese history books tell there were five.
- (参照:日本酒の歴史昭和時代以降)
- (Refer to 'History of Sake: Showa Period and On.')
- 中国の歴史では祖廟を祀る日であった。
- People worshipped a sobyo (a mausoleum containing the remains of one's ancestors) on this day in traditional China
- 従五位・史 (律令制)・信濃国国司。
- He reached the junior fifth rank at court, and held the position of Shi (Secretary under the Ritsuryo system) as well as being the Kokushi (governor) of Shinano Province.
- 国の史跡および名勝に指定されている。
- This is designated as one of the historic sites and beauty spots in Japan.
- It is designated as a national historic and beautiful site.
- 史料に見える城柵と柵戸の初めである。
- This is the first appearance of josaku (an official defense site) and Sakuko in historical documents.
- 琉歌を詠んだ天皇は史上初めてである。
- He is the first emperor in history who composed Ryuka Traditional Okinawa Poem.
- 三味線音楽の中で最も長い歴史を持つ。
- Therefore, among shamisen music it has the longest history.
- 歴史(江戸から明治、第二次大戦まで)
- History (From Edo to Meiji, and up to World War II)
- 前者は歴史的にさらに2つに分類される。
- Historically the former can be further classified into two types.
- 『会津史』(巻之二・第三篇伊達氏の項)
- 'Aizu shi' ('The Date clan' of the third chapter, vol. 2)
- 日本の弓矢の歴史については和弓を参照。
- As to the history of Yumiya in Japan, see the section on the Japanese bow.
- 天皇の歴史は神話までに遡ることができる。
- The history of the Emperor can go back to the mythological age.
- この大原御幸の史実性については諸説ある。
- There are various historical theories as to whether the story of Emperor visiting Ohara was true or not.
- しかし、近年の歴史学の研究成果によれば、
- However, recent historical research has revealed the following facts:
- しかし、その後、歴史の表舞台から消えた。
- However, Toshihira vanished from the center stage of history after that.
- 港湾としての歴史に名実ともに終止符を打つ
- Its history as a port came to an end along with the name of Fushimi Port.
- 歴史的に歌の伴奏楽器として人気があった。
- Historically, the sanxian has been popular as an instrument for the accompaniment of songs.
- 以降の日置流の歴史については諸派を見よ。
- The history of Heki school and various sects is as follows.
- 歴史的仮名遣いでは「てんわう」と表記する。
- It is written 'Tenwau' in historical kana-zukai (rule of writing Japanese syllabary).
- 歴史用語としては両方とも不改常典で通じる。
- As a historical term, both are understood as Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 欠史八代のため実在しないと考えられている。
- It is understood that she was one of Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) and was a nonexistent empress.
- 歴史書における人物「賛」---または「讃」
- 賛 San,' characters in history books…or '讃 San'
- 歴史的には三田風月庵の方が古く老舗である。
- Historically, Mitafugetsuan is a long-established store with a longer history than Fukiagedo.
- 『寛永諸家系図伝(寛永諸家譜)』『南豫史』
- 'Kanei Shoke Kakeizu den (Kanei Shokafu)' and '南豫史'
- 史上有名な上皇の多くは、この時期に属する。
- Many of historically famous Joko's belong to this period.
- (戦後の弓道史は弓道歴史を参照されたい。)
- (As to the history of Kyudo after World War II, see the article; 'Kyudo-shi (history of Kyudo).')
- 三百年の歴史を有し、当代は10代目である。
- This school has a 300 year-history and the present head of the school is the 10th generation.
- 「暫」: 賀茂義綱家来、史実の鎌倉景政に相当
- 'Shibaraku': a retainer of KAMO no Yoshitsuna; historically Kagemasa KAMAKURA
- 尾田春永(おだ・はるなが):史実の織田信長。
- Harunaga ODA as a real person Nobunaga ODA in history.
- このうち、史家の多くは第一の助六を否定する。
- Most of historians deny the first opinion.
- 歴史的事件と「大正ロマン」を象徴する文化事象
- Historical incidents and cultural events which characteristic of 'Taisho Roman.'
- 八代目都家歌六の著書『落語レコード八十年史』
- 'The 80 Years' Chronicle of the Rakugo SP Records' written by the eighth Utaroku MIYAKOYA
- - 折り紙の歴史の項目「儀礼折り紙」を参照。
- Refer to the 'Girei origami' (ceremoniarl paper folding) section in the history of origami.
- また、官制などの研究は法制史の一部となった。
- In addition, the study of governmental regulations became part of legal history.
- このため僧坊酒の歴史も幕を閉じることになる。
- That is why the history of soboshu ended there.
- このような記述が「斉書」などの史書に見える。
- Such description is seen in history book such as 'Seisho' (a history book about Qi Dynasty).
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人であるが、実在説もある。
- He is one of so-called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), but some believe that he actually existed.
- 武智光秀(たけち・みつひで):史実の明智光秀。
- Mitsuhide TAKECHI as a real person Mitsuhide AKECHI in history.
- 真柴久吉(ましば・ひさよし):史実の豊臣秀吉。
- Hisayoshi MASHIBA as a real person Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in history.
- 押媛(おしひめ)は、欠史八代、孝安天皇の皇后。
- Oshihime was the Empress of Emperor Koan, one of the eight emperors who reigned during the Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- おとぎ話、歌舞伎・浄瑠璃物、歴史物などがある。
- They included: fairy tales, kabuki plots, dramatic recitatives and historical sagas.
- 横溝正史の推理小説『女王蜂』にも登場している。
- It also appeared in Seishi YOKOMIZO's detective story 'Jo-obachi' (Queen Bee).
- 平安期には経基流以外の人物も史料上にみえている。
- In the Heian period, a person other than Tsunemoto also appears in historical sources.
- 宮内庁にも公式に認められた史上初めての世襲宮家。
- This house of the Imperial prince is the first officially hereditary prince in history acknowledged by the Imperial Household Agency.
- 世界最古に属する面としてその歴史的意義は大きい。
- They are historically significant as one of the oldest masks in the world.
- 現在は城址公園が整備されており、史跡発掘も多い。
- At present, a Joshi park has been established and many excavations of historic sites have been reported.
- 今出川通の大宮通と堀川通の間に西陣の史跡がある。
- There are historic sites of Nishijin on the Imadegawa-dori Street between the Omiya-dori and Horikawa-dori Streets.
- 埼玉県立嵐山史跡の博物館(旧埼玉県立歴史資料館)
- Saitama Prefectural Historical Museum of Ranzan (formerly Saitama Prefectural Historical Museum)
- 近年では、この伝承に史実性を認める説もでてきた。
- In recent years, theories have appeared which recognize historicity in this tradition.
- また、大衆酒として広く飲用されてきた歴史がある。
- Also shochu has a history of being drunk widely as a popular liquor.
- (詳しい経緯やその後は、弓道歴史を参照のこと。)
- (In detail and for later events, see the article of Kyudo-shi)
- 詳しくは時代小説・歴史小説・時代劇などの項を参照。
- For more details, refer to the chapters of historical novels, period novels, historical dramas etc.
- その史実については、伊達騒動その他関連項目を参照。
- As for its historical facts, refer to Date Sodo and other relevant sections.
- 以後小槻氏は算博士と史 (律令制)の職を世襲する。
- Thereafter, members of the Ozuki clan inherited the positions of Sanhakase and Shi (official in charge of recording and managing the official documents).
- 水の郷百選:清流・茅葺き民家 歴史的景観を有する町
- 100 Selected Water Spots: pure streams, thatched houses, and a town with historic landscape
- 『宋史』は宋 (王朝)の歴史をまとめた史書である。
- The 'Soshi' is a history book about the Song Dynasty.
- 東京帝国大学国史学科を卒業後、靖国神社宮司となる。
- He became a chief priest of Yasukuni-jinja Shrine after graduating from history department of Tokyo Imperial University.
- ただし、この伝承を裏付ける史料は見つかっていない。
- However, no historical materials backing up the story were found.
- 無論小説であり、史実と異なることは言うまでもない。
- Of course this is a novel and differs from the actual historical facts.
- 武者絵 伝説や伝奇、歴史に登場する武者が描かれる。
- Mushae: warriors, who had appeared in legends, fantastic tales and history, were depicted.
- 次の史料はやはり『続日本紀』の聖武天皇即位詔である。
- The following historical material is the imperial edict issued upon enthronement of Emperor Shomu, which can also be found in the 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II).
- 納采の儀の歴史は古く仁徳天皇の時代に遡ると言われる。
- The history of Nosai no gi is so long that it is believed to go back to the age of Emperor Nintoku.
- 種村貴史(9期、1985年-8期、1995年-1期)
- Takashi TANEMURA (nine times in total; eight terms since 1985, and 1995)
- 日本史上、つねに大和民族の文化の中心でありつづけた。
- It always remained the center of the Yamato race culture in the history of Japan.
- 定家仮名遣に先立つ古い時代の歴史的仮名遣ともされる。
- It is recognized as a historical phonetic orthography in ancient times, preceding Teika Kanazukai (phonetic orthography established by FUJIWARA no Teika in the Kamakura period).
- またこれより以前に史上最大の歌合千五百番歌合を主宰。
- Prior to this time, the largest-ever Sen-gohyaku-ban-Utaawase had been organized.
- 庶流に同じ地下家で太政官の史を世襲した村田家がある。
- The illegitimate descendents of the Mibu family include the Murata family, which also had the status of Jige family and held the inherited position of Imperial Japanese Councilor of State.
- 嶋原の歴史は古く、日本で最初の公許された花街である。
- Shimabara has a long history, and is the first officially acknowledged hanamachi in Japan.
- また、史上最後の関白(二条斉敬)を出した家でもある。
- The House of Nijo was also the house from which the last kanpaku (senior regent in history), Nariyuki NIJO, was produced.
- 学校の歴史教科書で「南北朝時代」の用語を使っていた。
- The term 'the period of the Northern and Southern Courts' was used in school history textbooks.
- 帯揚げの歴史は意外に浅く、登場は江戸時代末期である。
- History of obiage is surprisingly short; it first appeared at the end of the Edo period.
- 歴史上特に有名なものを天下三茄子と称することがある。
- Pieces which are especially famous in history are sometimes called the great three 'Nasu' tea caddies.
- 陵墓に関しても欠史八代の天皇群には矛盾が存在している。
- There are also inconsistencies about the mausoleums of these eight generations of emperors.
- 140歳(紀)、153歳(記)、139歳(大日本史)。
- He was said to be 140 years old in 'Nihonshoki,' 153 years old in 'Kojiki,' and 139 years old in 'Dainihonshi' (Great History of Japan).
- 文化面では帝紀と旧辞を記し校訂する修史事業が行われた。
- In the cultural aspect, they conducted a historiography project in which they wrote and amended 'Teiki' (records of Emperor's family tree) and 'Kyuji' (mythical tradition).
- 堀川御所の段 鎌倉から義経に詰問史川越太郎が到着する。
- Section of Horikawa PalaceA kitsumonshi (questioner) Taro KAWAGOE comes to see Yoshitsune from Kamakura.
- 史実の元禄赤穂事件『太平記』の世界のなかで描いた物語。
- It is a story of the Genroku Ako Incident, a historical fact, depicted within the framework of 'Taiheiki.'
- 「我が国の史劇の先駆」(三宅周太郎)と評価されている。
- Shutaro MIYAKE's evaluation is that these aspects are 'the vanguard of historical plays in our country.'
- 史跡:貝塚、古墳、都城跡、城跡、旧宅その他の遺跡など。
- Historic sites; shell mounds, ancient tombs, sites of palaces, sites of forts or castles, monumental dwelling houses and other ruins.
- ※月ヶ瀬梅林の歴史については歴史の節をご参照ください。
- Please refer to the corresponding section for the history of Tsukigase Bairin.
- 久安3年(1147年)、従五位下・左大史に任ぜられる。
- In 1147 he was promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and appointed the Sadaishi (Senior Secretary of the Left).
- 大井神社 (亀岡市)ー鯉が神史で氏子は鯉幟をあげない。
- Oi-jinja Shrine: The Ujiko (shrine parishioner) does not fly the Koi-nobori (carp streamer) since carp are related to its deity.
- 史上6人目の女帝で、天武天皇系からの最後の天皇である。
- Empress Koken was the 6th empress in Japanese history and the last emperor (empress) of the lineage which stretched from Emperor Tenmu.
- 「記紀」以前に存在したとされている日本の歴史書の一つ。
- It is one of Japanese history books which are said to have existed before 'A Record of Ancient Matters' and 'Chronicles of Japan.'
- 以後史書に記録がなく、間もなく他界したものと見られる。
- There is no record of him afterwards on any history books; it is assumed that he died soon after.
- 歴博乙本(国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵)六曲一双 重要文化財
- Rekihaku 'B' version (National Museum of Japanese History): Pair of six-panel folding screens, Important Cultural Property
- 歴博甲本(国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵)六曲一双 重要文化財
- Rekihaku 'A' version (the possession of National Museum of Japanese History): Pair of six-panel folding screens, the Important Cultural Property
- しかしその歴史についてはいまだに定かにはなっていない。
- However, their history remains unclear.
- 生前に正一位に叙された人物は日本史上でも6人と数少ない。
- Throughout all Japanese history, there are only six people who received the rank of Shoichii during their lifetime.
- 現在のところ群行に関する唯一の史料として注目されている。
- This has attracted attention as it is the only historical record of gunko at present.
- なお史料によっては隆子女王、隆姫子女王とする表記もある。
- Depending on historical materials, her name was also written as 隆子女王 (Princess Takako) or 隆姫子女王 (Princess Takahimeko).
- 五位の官務(左大史上首)を世襲したため官務家と呼ばれた。
- Because the government position of Sadaishi Joshu (Chief First Secretary of the Left, or Senior Recorder of the Left), which held the rank of Goi (Fifth Rank), was hereditary, the family was known as a kanmu family.
- 歴史上、武蔵国と常陸国で勢力を振るった氏族が有名である。
- In Japanese history, the Edo clan who were in power in Musashi and Hitachi Provinces are particularly well-known.
- なお熊本市の水前寺成趣園内にある出水神社にも史料がある。
- The clan's historical materials are also accessible at the Izumi-jinja Shrine in the Suizenji Joju-en Garden in Kumamoto City.
- 世襲足媛(よそたらしひめ)は、欠史八代、孝昭天皇の皇后。
- Yosotarashihime was the Empress of Emperor Kosho, one of the eight emperors who reigned during the Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- また、中国の史書によると、倭の五王が朝貢してきたとある。
- According to a history book of China, the five kings of Wa sent tribute to China.
- この他歴史的に、先の広がった四角形など多少の差異がある。
- Other than the above, other types, such as one where the tip becomes wider, were used historically.
- 散楽の具体的な内容は史料が少ない為にはっきりしていない。
- The precise content of Sangaku is not clear, because there is a lack of historical literature.
- 現在は使われていない、歴史上の製法にかかわる表現を含む。
- Expressions related to the historical production method which is not used today are included.
- 以下、広義の意味での唐手(空手)の歴史について叙述する。
- We will discuss the history of karate in a broader sense below.
- 祭典競馬の歴史は、記録上平安時代にまで遡ることができる。
- Recorded history of saiten keiba goes back to the Heian period.
- 不明だが、大日本史平維茂伝、太平記に鬼退治伝説が見られる。
- Although unclear, Onitaiji legends can be found in Dai Nihon shi Taira no Koreshige den (Japanese literature, collection of TAIRA no Koreshige) and Taiheiki (The Record of the Great Peace).
- 作中で催される歌合は架空のものであり、史実には基づかない。
- The poetry contest in the play is fictitious and not based on a historical fact.
- 頼国の子の源国房以降、史料上で美濃での活動が見られている。
- Since the time of MINAMOTO no Kunifusa, the son of Yorikuni, several activities by the member of the Toki clan have been mentioned in historical records.
- しかし、事績を伝える確実な史料に乏しく研究が進んでいない。
- However, the materials reliant enough to confirm the details are limited, thus it is difficult to develop further studies.
- 橘氏の歴史の中で最も権勢を誇ったのがこの諸兄の時期である。
- The period of Moroe is when the Tachibana clan had the greatest influence in their history.
- 菅谷館跡(国指定史跡。鎌倉時代初期の武将畠山重忠の居館跡)
- Site of Sugaya-yakata (officially-designated historical site; site of Shigetada HATAKEYAMA who was a warlord living during the early Kamakura period)
- 細媛命(くわしひめのみこと)は、欠史八代、孝霊天皇の皇后。
- Kuwashihime no mikoto was the Empress of Emperor Korei, one of the eight emperors who reigned during the Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- 国学者・儒学者で歴史上屈指の碩学とされ、多くの著作がある。
- He was a scholar of Japanese classics and Confucian studies; he is considered as one of history's greatest scholars, and he wrote many books.
- Known as one of the best scholars of Japanese literature, culture, and Confucianism, he wrote many books.
- 外部要因としては銃の発明もその歴史において大きく影響した。
- As an external factor, the invention of the gun made a great impact on the development of the bow.
- 日本の歴史的な文献に初めて登場するのは「続日本紀」である。
- Shoku Nihongi (Chronicle of Japan Continued) is the first historical document in Japan with a description of kelp.
- 長寿の事から同じく歴史上の人物、武内宿禰とも繋がっている。
- Because he is known for his very long life, he is also associated with a historical character, TAKENOUCHI no Sukune.
- またそれ以外の構造に関してはほとんど史料が無く不明である。
- There are almost no historical materials other than this description, other construction of hosonaga is not known.
- 史書には、諸説を掲載し、どれが本当かわからないとしている。
- This history book contains various stories but indicates there is uncertainty about which story is true.
- 実際にはこの理由のみで即位した天皇は歴史上一度も存在しない。
- In fact, no Emperor has ever ascended the throne for this reason alone.
- 欠史八代であるため夫綏靖天皇とともに実在しないとの説がある。
- As she was one of Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), there is a theory that she was nonexistent, same as her husband Emperor Suizei.
- 歴史資料として貴重なだけでなく、書蹟としても珍重されている。
- Not only are they valuable as historical materials, but they are also prized as penmanship.
- 1922年3月8日 - 史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法により指定。
- March 8, 1922 - designated as a place of scenic beauty based on the Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument Preservation Law.
- 神奈川県や千葉県に大友皇子に関連する史跡が幾つか残っている。
- Some historic sites related to Prince Otomo remain in Kanagawa Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture.
- 孝徳天皇の死後、655年に再び皇位に就いた(史上初の重祚)。
- In 655 after Emperor Kotoku passed away, she assumed the throne a second time (the first such occurrence in history).
- 日本人が歴史が始まって以来知っている唯一の王朝だからである。
- Because the current Imperial family is the only one that Japanese people can find its name in the history of Japan.
- また同史料には、咒師と呼ばれる呪術者たちへの言及が見られる。
- The above book also mentioned magicians, who were called Shushi.
- 歴史的にはもともと日本酒は昭和初期まですべて純米酒であった。
- Historically, all types of sake were junmaishu up to the beginning of the Showa period.
- 以下に産業となっていくカラオケの詳しい歴史が記述されている。
- Detailed history of karaoke that grew into an industry is described below.
- つまり時代毎の用途や好みによる選択的な歴史淘汰の結果である。
- In another words, it resulted from selections made from the purpose of different periods and choices made during the history.
- 歴史で述べるように世界に太鼓主体の音楽が生まれてこなかった。
- Historically, in the whole world except Japan, the drum was not born as the main constituent in music.
- 彼らはその拠り所を経書・史書に求め、六経への回帰を目指した。
- They looked to Keisho and history books for a foothold, and aimed at a return to Rikkei.
- 確実な史料に初めて現れるのは 8世紀の聖武天皇のころである。
- It was around the eighth century, the reign of the Emperor Shomu, when an article appeared that could be used as reliable historical material.
- 大学寮から、康治元年(1142年)正六位・右少史に任じられる。
- In 1142, he was transferred from the Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), promoted to Shorokui (Senior Sixth Rank) and appointed the ushoshi (Junior Secretary of the Right).
- 1601年(慶長6年) - 伏見城下に銀座 (歴史)が置かれる
- 1601: A silver mint (historical) was established in the castle town of Fushimi.
- 巨椋池が干拓された時点で漁業の歴史は終結し、農業に転換された。
- Its fishery history ended when the Ogura-ike Pond was reclaimed, and agriculture replaced fishing.
- 歴史的にみれば大正時代以前の生産形態へ回帰しているともいえる。
- From a historical point of view, we can say that the production system returned to its form in the Taisho period or earlier.
- 元来、権力の象徴であった物から派生した長い歴史のある物である。
- Basically, zabuton have a long history originating in the items used as symbols of power.
- そしてそれ以前に名塩に弥右衛門に関する史料が一切見あたらない。
- And prior to that, there were no historical records on Yaemon in Najio.
- 歴史時代に入ると、墳墓や建物の壁面が絵で飾られるようになった。
- In the historical era, paintings began to be done on walls of tombs and buildings for decorative purposes.
- 2007年に猪田浩史が会長となり、社長には藤原正康が就任した。
- In 2007, Hiroshi INODA assumed the position of chairman, and Masayasu FUJIWARA assumed the position of president.
- 一般に空手の歴史を語る際、この唐手と「手」の区別が曖昧である。
- Generally, the differences between toudee and tee seem to have blurred in discussions concerning the history of karate.
- 昭和53年(1978年)、樂家歴代史料を基に「樂美術館」開設。
- In 1978, he set up the Raku Museum based on the historical materials inherited by successive leaders.
- (『北史』卷九十四 列傳第八十二 勿吉國「嚼米為酒 飲之亦醉」)
- ('嚼米為酒 飲之亦醉' written in 'Hokushi' volume 94, Retsuden No.82 Wiji-koku)
- が、近年、南北朝時代成立の史料により次の見解などが出されている。
- However, the following theories were recently presented based on the historical materials on the establishment of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 会社は小規模ながらも、1894年(明治27年)創業の歴史を持つ。
- Although its scale is small, the company has a long history being established in 1894.
- 平安時代および鎌倉時代に関する記載は一級の史料として採用される。
- The records of the Heian and the Kamakura periods are recognized as a historical source of the highest value.
- こうして、日本の歴史上はじめて怨霊の観念が生まれることとなった。
- Thus the conception of a vengeful spirit was created for the first time in the history of Japan.
- この説の先駆者は瀧川政次郎である(「日本歴史解禁」昭和25年)。
- The pioneer of this theory is Masajiro TAKIKAWA ('Opening the Door of Japanese History', 1950).
- 日本近代史以前には数ある類義語の中ではもっとも普通に使用された。
- Before the Japanese modern history, the term was most commonly used among many synonyms.
- 歴史的には江戸時代中期~末期に園芸種として生まれたとされている。
- Historically, it's assumed to have been born in the middle through late Edo period as a type of garden plant.
- 国史跡・紫香楽宮跡は甲賀寺(甲可寺)跡であるという説が有力である。
- It is probable that the ruins of Shigaraki no miya (ruins designated by the nation) was the ruins of Koga-ji Temple (Koka-ji).
- 古来嵯峨天皇宸翰と伝えるが、現代の書道史では異筆とみなされている。
- Since olden times It has been believed to be Emperor Saga's shinkan, but in recent calligraphic history, it is thought to be different handwriting.
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が有力である.
- He is one of so-called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) and is generally thought to have been nonexistent.
- 沢田ひろふみ『山賊王』 - 南北朝時代 (日本)を描いた歴史漫画。
- SAWADA, Hirofumi. Sanzokuo., which is a historical comic that describes the Northern and Southern Courts Period.
- 不明な点が多い中世の朝廷儀礼について伝える史料の一つとしても著名。
- This book is renowned as a historical document about the imperial protocol in the Middle Ages, about which much is still unknown.
- 天豊津媛命(あまとよつひめのみこと)は、欠史八代、懿徳天皇の皇后。
- Amatoyotsuhime no mikoto was the Empress of Emperor Itoku, one of the eight emperors living during the Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- ただし、これらを具体的に裏付けるような史料はまだ見つかっていない。
- However, historical documents that specifically support that fact, have yet to be found.
- 同時代史料には全く名前が出てこないため実在を疑問視する意見もある。
- There is an opinion which questions her existence since no documentation in that period mentioned her.
- さらに本格的に組手試合が整備されたのは戦後であり、その歴史は浅い。
- As for kumite match, its history is short; kumite matches were fully developed after WWII.
- 重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている舞楽、平安時代からの歴史を持つ。
- Bugaku designated as important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties and with a history from the Heian period.
- その後、歴史学者の黒田日出男が米倉説を補強する所説を発表している。
- After that, Hideo KURODA, a historian, announced a theory that reinforces the Yonekura theory.
- 対して、通説を支持し新説へ批判を加えるのは年配の美術史学者に多い。
- On the other hand, it is often senior art historians who support the popular theory and criticize the new theory.
- 畜産物を生産・消費する歴史の長い世界中の地域で見られる食品である。
- This type of food can be found in regions all over the world that have long histories of producing and consuming livestock products.
- いわゆる欠史八代の1人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である。
- He is one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and it is commonly understood that he was a nonexistent Emperor.
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である。
- He is one of so-called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) and is generally thought to have been nonexistent.
- 『日本三代実録』にある「天皇少(わか)くして聡明、好みて経史を読む。
- According to 'Nihon sandai jitsuroku,' 'the young Emperor Koko was intelligent and preferred to read Chinese classics on ethics, politics and history books.'
- ヨーロッパでは、これを文化財保護の歴史の嚆矢であるとする見解がある。
- Some regard this as the beginning of history of cultural properties preservation in Europe.
- 公定死後の部分に関しては他の史料との整合性や比較批評が必要とされる。
- The section written after Kinsada's death requires a more critical approach and has to be checked against other sources.
- 『新唐書』は唐の歴史をまとめた史書だが、日本の歴史も略述されている。
- The 'Shintojo' is a history book about the Tang Dynasty, but it also includes a brief history of Japan.
- 歴史学者の間では、仲哀天皇は実在性の低い天皇の一人に挙げられている。
- Historians count Emperor Chuai as an Emperor with a low possibility of actual existence.
- 皇室に名字がない事実も、天皇の王朝の古代史的な古さを証しだてている。
- The fact that the Imperial family do not have a family name is thought to be evidence that they have lasted since ancient times.
- 平安時代末期から室町時代までにおいては、歴史的な記録が明らかでない。
- No historical records are existing from the end of the Heian period to the Muromachi period.
- そもそも直接打撃制ルール自体は寸止めルールよりもはるかに歴史は古い。
- The history of direct-attack rules is far older than that of sundome rules.
- 地歌は非常に曲数が多く、歴史も長いため実に様々な傾向の曲が存在する。
- An extremely large number of songs exists for jiuta, and because of jiuta's long history there are pieces from various trends.
- もっとも古い史書である三河後風土記には、酒井氏から由来する、とある。
- Mikawago Fudoki, a much older history book, states that the Mitsuba-aoi originated with the Sakai clan.
- 日本書紀以外の主な史料の天智・天武の生年(左が天智、右が天武の生年)。
- The dates of birth of the Emperor Tenchi and the Emperor Tenmu indicated in major historical papers other than 'Nihonshoki' (left: the Emperor Tenchi, right: the Emperor Tenmu).
- こうした経緯から現代の歴史学界では神武天皇の存在は前提とされていない。
- Under these circumstances, existence of Emperor Jimmu is not believed to be a fact in the society of historical science today.
- 但し、高見王の名は同時代の史料に名前が見えないので系譜には疑問も残る。
- However, since the name of the Prince Takami is not found in historical sources from the relevant period, there is some doubt about this lineage.
- また、『山梨県史』編纂事業のスタートに伴い総合的な史料調査も行われた。
- Comprehensive investigation of historical materials was also conducted with the start of the compilation project on 'The History of Yamanashi Prefecture.'
- この合戦後に泊瀬部皇子は即位するが、竹田皇子は史料から登場しなくなる。
- After this battle, the Prince Hatsusebe assumed the imperial throne, but Takeda no miko disappeared from historical documents.
- 1983年 新刷版システムに紙面移行完了、鉛版93年の歴史に幕を下ろす
- 1983: Completed the transition to the new printing plate processing system, and ended the 93 years history of lead plates.
- 歴史的には村落社会において娯楽と村の結束を強める機能的役割を果たした。
- Historically, the Bon festival dance has functioned as an entertainment and a way to strengthen people's bonds in the village community.
- ただしその区分けはそれぞれ歴史的経緯があり、武道によりまったく異なる。
- However, the distinctions have their own respective historical backgrounds, which vary significantly from one budo to another.
- 博物館、資料館、美術館、文学館、歴史館、科学館、水族館、動物園、植物園
- Museums, resource centers, art museums, literary museums, historical museums, science museums, aquariums, zoos, and botanical gardens
- 米倉・黒田の新説は、主に歴史学者および若手美術史家の支持を受けている。
- The new theory claimed by Yonekura and Kuroda has been supported mainly by historians and junior art historians.
- このことから記紀の神武伝承にはなんらかの史実の反映があるとする説もある。
- Based on this research, some people believe that some sort of historical evidence was reflected in the tradition of Emperor Jimmu in Kojiki and Nihonshoki.
- Based on this fact, there is a theory that the legends of Emperor Jinmu described in 'A Record of Ancient Matters' and 'Chronicles of Japan' reflect some historical fact.
- なお、日本の「史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法」の制定は1919年のことである。
- Here in Japan, it was not until 1919 that the 'Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument Preservation Law' was enacted.
- また、信孝の嫡子上野清信は、足利義昭の重臣として、歴史に名を記している。
- Kiyonobu UENO, a legitimate child of Nobutaka, is historically remembered as Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA's chief retainer.
- この記述が、皇室が日本を永遠に統治する歴史的・法的な根拠であるとされた。
- This article provided the historical and legal basis for the Emperors' eternal reign of Japan.
- 学習院大学時代の論文はヨーロッパの鉄道史に関する内容であったと言われる。
- He reportedly wrote a thesis on the history of railway in Europe when he was a student of Gakushuin University.
- 130年以上の歴史があるういろうの老舗で、生産量、販売数も日本一である。
- It is a long-established store with more than a 130 year history and is the largest producer and seller of Uiro in Japan.
- 「矢入れ」ともいい、先史時代の遺跡から出土する埴輪に矢筒が象られている。
- It was also 'yaire' and its image is seen on Haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the tomb mounds - kofun) excavated from remains of the ancient times.
- 近世風俗史の基本文献とされている守貞謾稿によると、鰻飯は「鰻丼飯」の略。
- Unagi-meshi is an abbreviation for 'unagi donburi meshi (a bowl of boiled rice topped with broiled eel),' according to Morisada Manko (a kind of encyclopedia of folkways and other affairs in the Edo period, written by Morisada KITAGAWA), which is regarded as a basic document on the history of early modern folkways.
- 史実に登場するくノ一で有名なのは、武田信玄に仕えた歩き巫女の集団である。
- The famous kunoichi group was Arukimiko (traveling shrine maidens), which served Shingen TAKEDA.
- また、佐渡のように、大きな都市はなくとも歴史的に能が根付いた地域もある。
- There is an area like Sado where Noh has been historically popular even though there is no large city.
- 900年近く続く小笠原流と比べると日置流の歴史は新しく500年程である。
- Compared with Ogasawara school with a history of about 900 years, Heki school is new with a history of about 500 years.
- ただし当時の史料からは、業平が狩の使で伊勢に派遣された事実は認められない。
- However, there is no historical document to attest to the fact that Narihira was dispatched as the hunting envoy to Ise.
- また、欠史八代の葛城王朝から崇神天皇に始まる三輪王朝への王朝交替説もある。
- There is also the theory of the rise and fall of successive dynasties from the Katsuragi Dynasty of the Kesshi-Hachidai to the Miwa Dynasty beginning with Emperor Sujin.
- 香の歴史はかなり古く、紀元前3000年前のメソポタミア文明のころまで遡る。
- The history of incense is old, dating back around 3000 B.C. to the Mesopotamia civilization.
- (※ 明治維新以前の京都市の歴史については、「京都」のページを参照する事。
- (See the section on 'Kyoto' for the history of Kyoto City before the Meiji Restoration.
- 日本の歴史書に飛鳥時代・奈良時代に栽培していたという記載があるのみである。
- Only a statement remains in the history book that it was cultivated during the Asuka and Nara periods.
- 蘇我氏は歴史の敗北者であり、『正史』によりその正体と功績が抹消されている。
- The Soga clan was a loser in history, and their identity and accomplishments have been erased from the 'official history.'
- また元禄以後も小袖には流行があったが、文化史上「○○小袖」とは呼称しない。
- There was prevalence of kosode even after the genroku era, they were not called 'something kosode' in the cultural history any longer.
- 江戸時代初期に江戸を描いた「江戸図屏風」もある(国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵)。
- There is the 'Edo scenes folding screens' depicting scenes of Edo painted in the early Edo period (a possession of the National Museum of Japanese History).
- (参考:榎原雅治編「日本の時代史11 一揆の時代」吉川弘文館、2003年)
- (Reference: 'Nihon no Jidaishi (History of Ages of Japan) No.11 The age of revolts' edited by Masaharu EBARA, published by Yoshikawakobunkan in 2003)
- しかし愈好斎は東京帝国大学で国史学を修め、卒業後に武者小路千家を再興した。
- Yukosai, however, studied Japanese History at Tokyo Imperial University and, after graduation, restored Mushanokoji-senke.
- 一方、鄭樵・洪邁・程大昌らが経史の考証をもって学とし、道学と対峙している。
- Meanwhile, Tei Sho, Ko Mai, Tei Daisho, etc. established the historical investigation of Chinese classics on ethics, politics, and history as a learning, and conflicted with the Do school.
- また、発見の古い温泉ではその利用の歴史もかなり古くから文献に残されている。
- For hot springs that have a long history, the record of their use is also found in old literature.
- 一般の歴史書でも、皇国史観に正面から反対する学説を発表する事は困難となった。
- It was difficult to get general textbooks published that had theories strongly opposed to Kokokushikan.
- 日本の歴史上五代以上天皇位についていない家系に属する皇裔が即位した例はない。
- There was no example, in Japanese history, of an Imperial descendant who had not succeeded to the throne for more that five generations.
- 現存する写本は永禄8年(1566年)の筆写で東京大学東京大学史料編纂所所蔵。
- Existing copy is a transcription in 1566 owned by Historiographical Institute The University of Tokyo.
- まだ歴史が新しいために2006年5月現在、酒税法的な定義は確立されていない。
- As of May, 2006, a definition based on the Liquor Tax Act was not established because it had only a short history as a product.
- 午前の部の『勧進帳』とともに、團十郎、藤十郎の史上はじめての共演が実現した。
- Along with 'Kanjincho' performed in the morning, it was the first-ever joint appearance by Danjuro and Tojuro.
- また雲但伊達氏や駿河伊達氏は足利方であった事がこの時代の各史料に見て取れる。
- According to historical records written in this period, the 雲但 Date clan and the Suruga Date clan were taking the side of the Ashikaga clan.
- 現在の右京区がある地域の歴史は古く、かつてこの地には山城国府が置かれていた。
- The region of the present-day Ukyo Ward has a long history; it was once the site of the ancient provincial capital of Yamashiro.
- 丹波方面の計略を命じられた戦国時代の明智光秀による整備の歴史も語られている。
- There is a story that says that Mitsuhide AKECHI, who was told to plan a strategy for seizing regions in Tanba Province, improved the roads during the warring states period.
- 中国の歴史書『宋書』・『梁書』に記される倭の五王中の倭王済に比定されている。
- He is identified with the king of Wa (supposedly, Japan), King Sai, of the five kings of Wa, described in the Chinese history books, 'So-jo' (which is known as 'Sung-shu' in Chinese or the Book of Song [one of the Southern Dynasties of China]) and 'Ryo-jo' (known as 'Liang-shu' in Chinese or the Book of Liang).
- その写実性・芸術性の高さから日本美術史上最高傑作の肖像画の一つとされている。
- They are recognized as one of the portrait masterpieces in Japanese art history for their excellent realistic and artistic qualities.
- 数少ないこの期の刀剣の史料であるとともに、伝世品であるため極めて状態が良い。
- They are some of few swords as well as historical materials from the Nara period, which are preserved in an excellent condition as art objects much favored and passed down over generations.
- (なお『白氏文集』には刺史になった白楽天が緋袍・緋衫に銀魚袋を身につけた。)
- (According to the 'Hakushimonju' [the 'Bai-Shi Wen Ji'] [a collection of poems by Hakkyoi, a famous Chinese poet], Bai Letian, who became a provincial governor, put on cardinal vestment and trousers with silverfish-bag ornament.)
- 中国の筆跡は中国の筆跡一覧を、日本の筆跡は日本の書道史の各時代を参照のこと。
- Refer the list of Chinese brushstrokes for those in China and each period of Japanese Shodo history for brushstrokes in Japan.
- 郷原漆器 557点(岡山県 真庭市川上歴史民俗資料館) 2007年3月7日登録
- Gobara shikki (lacquered ware): 557 items (Kawakami history and race resource center, Maniwa, City, kayama Prefecture) registration date: March 7, 2007
- 活歴物を編み出した市川團十郎 (9代目)のために作られたので史実に忠実である。
- It was made for Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the ninth), who invented stories based on history, so, it was made with complete fidelity of a real story
- 天智天皇が長く即位しなかったことは、7世紀中葉の政治史における謎の一つである。
- It was one of the mysteries of the mid-seventh century that Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) did not stay in power for a long time.
- 水戸家は代々「大日本史」をはじめ水戸学を学び、代々勤皇の家として知られている。
- The Mito family had learned Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in Mito Domain) starting with'Dainihonshi' (literally, Great History of Japan) and been known as a pro-Imperial family for generations.
- カワイ電線商事の100%出資の子会社で、大正4年2月1日創業とその歴史は古い。
- Company wholly owned by Kawai Trading, Ltd., which has a long history being established back in February 1, 1915.
- 和弓は何故長大になったか、とされるが、それでも長い歴史を見れば短くなっている。
- While people contemplated on why the wakyu became longer, it actually became shorter within the span of long history.
- 表千家としてどう発展していくのかが、茶道史の上で今後問い直されるところである。
- The question is how Omote-senke will further develop in the context of the history of the tea ceremony in the future.
- 京都に都が置かれていた明治維新以前からの生産されていた歴史を有する野菜の品目。
- Crops of vegetables that have a history of having been produced even before the Meiji Restoration, when the government was located in Kyoto City.
- 徳川幕府により御時計師と呼ばれる時計技術者が誕生し、ここに和時計の歴史が始まる。
- The Tokugawa shogunate created clock engineers called 'otokeishi,' and the history of Japanese clocks had started since then.
- 清酒酵母もそのように歴史のなかで人間に取捨選択されて受け継がれてきたわけである。
- Yeast for seishu (clear rice wine) has also been screened and handed down by the human being in such a history.
- また、歴史上天皇家に対して忠節を尽くした人物の子孫もこの時代に華族となっている。
- In addition, the descendants of the persons who had been especially loyal to the Imperial family were also raised to kazoku in this period.
- 父は聖武天皇、母は藤原氏出身で史上初めて人臣から皇后となった光明皇后(光明子)。
- Her father was Emperor Shomu and her mother was Empress Komyo (Komyoshi) who came from the Fujiwara clan and was the first subject to become an empress in Japanese history.
- これらのうち、並立説については史料的根拠に乏しい事等を理由に反対する意見もある。
- Among these theories, there are opinions to take objection to the theory of juxtaposition of plural Emperors for the reason that there are not many historical materials which can prove this theory.
- このような『古事記』と『日本書紀』との歴史叙述の違いについては様々な意見がある。
- There are various opinions about the differences in historical description between 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki.'
- 万世一系を否定する見解を徹底して主張した歴史家や知識人は、決して多くはなかった。
- Most historians and intellectuals could not insist their opinion that denied the unbroken Imperial line.
- インドネシアやマレーシアでも、歴史的に大豆を原料とした液体調味料が使われている。
- Liquid seasonings made from soybeans have been used in Indonesia and Malaysia in history.
- 鶴田錦史の流れを汲む一派を「鶴田流」あるいは「鶴田派」と呼び、近年発展している。
- The school that followed Kinshi TSURUTA is called the Tsuruta-ryu or Tsuruta-school and is expanding its activities.
- ただし、今日の歴史学では東山文化と合わせて「室町文化」と呼ぶのが一般的だという。
- However, it is said that in today's view of history the general term is to include it in 'Muromachi culture' together with Higashiyama culture.
- 歴史の影で重要な役割を果たすため、狂言回し的な役割の主人公と言われることがある。
- Since he would often take on an important role behind the scene of history, he is considered to be a protagonist who takes on a kyogen-mawashi like role.
- これにより、皇国史観下ではタブー視されていた古代史や考古学の研究が大いに進展した。
- Because of this, the study of ancient history and archaeology, previously considered as taboo from the view of Kokokushikan, were developed on a large scale.
- 清和源氏を称している近世大名の多くは、その事実が歴史学的に証明されたわけではない。
- Most daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in early-modern times who called themselves Seiwa-Genji are not historically proven to be so.
- 大阪朝日放送の『歴史街道』でも語られていたので、ほぼ間違いはないと考えられている。
- It is thought that this theory is probably true; it was mentioned in the popular TV program 'Rekishi Kaido' (The main road of history) by Osaka-Asahi Broadcasting too.
- 1887年にはフランス共和国(フランス第三共和政)で「歴史記念物法」が定められた。
- In 1887, 'Historic Monuments Act' was enacted in French Republic (The French Third Republic).
- 京北地区の歴史としては、平安京造営の際に木材を献上した山国郷が歴史上最初に現れる。
- Yamaguni-go was first seen in the history of Keihoku as a donor of wood for constructing Heian-kyo.
- (現在は、史跡指定されている「高瀬川一之船入」を除き、すべて埋め立てられている。)
- (Today the all the Funairi has been reclaimed except for 'Takase-gawa River Ichi no Funairi cove,' which has been designated as a historic site.
- 日本国憲法は、天皇の祖先たちへの言及も、王朝の古代史的な古さへの言及もしていない。
- In the Constitution of Japan, ancestors of the Imperial family and its long duration are not stated at all.
- 京都新聞社小史(京都新聞社小史作成委員会 編) 1974年3月発行、230ページ。
- The Small Book of the History of Kyoto Shimbun Company Limited (edited by The Small Book of the History of Kyoto Shimbun Creating Committee) published in March, 1974; 230 pages.
- 山海経に黒歯国(『三国志 (歴史書)』魏志倭人伝では倭国東方)があると記述がある。
- In 'Sengaikyo' (oldest topography of China), it was written that there is Kokushi-koku (literally, 'black-teeth country'); in Gishi-wajin-den (the first written record of Japan's commerce) of the history book 'Sangokushi' (Three Kingdoms of Saga), it was written as Wakoku Toho (eastern country, Japan).
- 13世紀末から14世紀頃までの日本の水墨画を美術史では「初期水墨画」と呼んでいる。
- Suiboku-ga from the end of the 13th century to around the 14th century in Japan is called 'Early Suiboku-ga' in the history of art.
- 江戸時代からずっと続いた浮世絵の歴史は、日清の戦争絵を最後としてほぼ終焉を迎える。
- The history of Ukiyoe, which was handed down from the Edo period, nearly ended with the Sensou-e depicting the Sino-Japanese War as the last one.
- それでいて千年単位で刻まれる宇宙年代記の歴史の転換点に必ずと言ってよいほど立会う。
- Even so, he would almost always be at the turning points in the history of a space chronicle that is etched in units of a thousand years.
- 『昭和財政史』によれば、敗戦前後の皇室の財政規模は約2,500万円と推定されている。
- According to 'Showa Zaiseishi' (The Financial History of Showa), the financial scale of the Imperial Family before and after the War was presumed to be about twenty five million yen.
- これらは、伝えるべき史実の核がないまま系図だけが創作された場合にありがちな例である。
- This fact strongly suggests that their pedigrees were created out of materials unrelated to historical facts.
- いわゆる欠史八代の1人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である(実在説もある)。
- Emperor Suizei was one of the so-called eight generations missing from history and it is generally held that Emperor Suizei did not actually exist (however, there is also an opinion that this emperor actually existed).
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が一般的である(実在説もある)。
- It is commonly understood that he was one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) to be a nonexistent emperor (the theory of his existence is also present).
- He was one of the so called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and it is commonly understood that he was a nonexistent Emperor (there is also the theory of his existence).
- 若狭めのう 327点(福井県 福井県立若狭歴史民俗資料館) 2006年3月15日登録
- Wakasa agate, 327 items (Wakasa history and race resource center, Fukui Prefecture) registration date: March 15, 2006
- 同法第7章(第109条から第133条まで)では、「史跡名勝天然記念物」を扱っている。
- Chapter VII (Articles 109-133) of the Law handles 'historic sites and places of scenic beauty as natural monuments.'
- 記念物においては、「史跡」と「名勝」など複数の種別にまたがって指定される場合も多い。
- In case of monuments, there are many cases where one item is designated in two or more categories, such as designation both in 'Historic Site' and in 'Place of Scenic Beauty.'
- 田辺藩主牧野氏と長岡藩主牧野氏との系譜関係を完全・確実に伝える史料は知られていない。
- There is no family tree known that shows completely and with certainly, the family tree relationship between the lord of the Tanabe domain, the Makino clan, and the lord of the Nagaoka domain, the Makino clan.
- ただし、この言葉は数百年の歴史を持っているため、細かな定義や特徴については諸説ある。
- As the word 'Makunouchi-bento' has a history of several hundred years, there are various theories as to its detailed definition and features.
- 8世紀に蘇我氏を滅亡に追いやり天下を取った人々が王家の歴史を書き換えた可能性が高い。
- It is highly possible that the people who destroyed the Soga clan and took over the realm during the eighth century rewrote the history of the royal family.
- 歴史的なからすみに関する文献としては、豊臣秀吉が食したというものがあるとされている。
- As a historical document pertaining to Karasumi, there is a document that apparently states that Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI ate Karasumi.
- (『「エコノミック・アニマル」は褒め言葉だった―誤解と誤訳の近現代史』多賀敏行著))
- ('The 'economic animal' was a compliment - misunderstanding and mistranslation in modern contemporary history' written by Toshiyuki TAGA)
- 文具の日 東京都文具事務用品商業組合等が「文具と文化は歴史的にみて同義」として制定。
- Stationery dayTokyo Metropolitan Association of Stationery Business (TOBUNSHO) and other organizations created this day to advertise that stationery represents historical culture.
- 名前からよく誤解されるが公家の女性が着用していた着物の文様ではない(歴史にて詳述)。
- Because of its name, it is often mistaken as Kimono that court noble ladies wore (as described in History), in fact it is not.
- これらの天皇は実在せず後に創作された架空のものだとする考えが戦後史学界で支配的である。
- It is widely accepted among scholars in the post-war period that these emperors did not in fact exist but are imaginary characters created at later times.
- ※人物名を史実と異なるものにする手法は、仮名手本忠臣蔵など他の作品でも用いられている。
- The tequnic giving different names to the characters from historical real ones is also shown in 'the Kanatehon Chushingura'and other works.
- 居延漢簡は、漢代における西域統治の実態を明らかにする第一級の史料として高く評価された。
- Kyoen Kankan was highly valued as a primary historical material which revealed the actual state of administration of the western region in the Han period.
- 本項では砂糖細工の範疇に含まれるものも歴史的な出自が同一であるという理由から記述する。
- In this section something in the category of sugar confectionery production is also described because of its similar historical origin.
- 奈良時代の一時期、都(恭仁京)が置かれたという歴史があり、多数の史跡・文化財を有する。
- As the capital (Kuni-kyo) was located around this area for a period of time in the Nara period, the area has many historical sites and cultural assets.
- 丹波栗の歴史は古く、日本最古の歴史書である日本書紀にも丹波栗が記されているほどである。
- The Tanba chestnut has been cultivated for a long time, and was also described in Nihonshoki (the Chronicles of Japan), the oldest history book in Japan.
- 『南山義烈史』によると、興福院と追号し、諱は尊雅と言い小倉宮実仁親王の第4皇子とする。
- According to 'Nanzan Giretsushi' (a book on history), he was given the tsuigo (title given to a noble or high priest after death in honor of his or her accomplishments) of Kombu-in and his imina (actual name of a person during his or her life) was Songa; he was the fourth prince of Oguranomiya Imperial Prince Sanehito.
- 神功皇后の夫・応神天皇の父とされるが、実在性を含めて諸事績の史実性には疑いが持たれる。
- He was regarded as the husband of Empress Jingu and the father of Emperor Ojin, but there are doubts over the certainty of his actual achievements as historical facts, including his actual existence.
- 京都新聞百年史(京都新聞社史編さん小委員会 編) 1979年12月発行、661ページ。
- The Book of 100-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Subcommittee) published in December, 1979; 661 pages.
- 最も古いうちわ(団扇)の例は、中国の歴史の記録や古代エジプトの壁画にみることができる。
- The oldest records, on which Uchiwa fan first appeared, are the record of Chinese history and wall painting of the ancient Egypt.
- 演劇の内容は史実や物語、事件などを題材にして演じる芝居であり、歌舞伎狂言とも呼ばれる。
- The content of the drama came from historical facts, fiction, events and other topics, and the drama was called 'Kabuki Kyogen.'
- 関西歌舞伎の長い歴史のなかでも、十三代目片岡仁左衛門の果たした役割はあまりにも大きい。
- Even in the long history of Kansai Kabuki, the role played by Nizaemon KATAOKA XIII is extremely large.
- 日本の皇位継承を概観すると、歴史上、女帝は幾人かいたが、いずれも中継としての存在である。
- In general view of Japanese Imperial succession, there have been some Empresses, however, they all succeeded to the throne temporarily.
- 鳥井信治郎と竹鶴政孝はジャパニーズ・ウイスキーの歴史に触れるうえで欠かせない人物である。
- Shinjiro TORII and Masataka TAKETSURU are indispensable when it comes to the history of Japanese whisky.
- 当時、遺跡保存の運動の中心にいたのは東京大学で日本史教室を主宰していた黒板勝美であった。
- At that time, the leader of the campaign for preservation of ruins was Katsumi KUROITA who headed the department of Japanese history at the University of Tokyo.
- また、松田氏は仏教史においては上総酒井氏と並ぶ日蓮宗の熱心な信奉者として名を残している。
- The Matsuda clan earned its place as a devote believer of the Nichiren sect as well as the Kazusa Sakai clan in the history of Buddhism.
- なお、歴史的な表現の方法として、親王または前職の征夷大将軍の尊称として大御所が使われた。
- As a form of historical expression, moreover, the honorific title, Ogosho (literally Big Gosho), was awarded to Imperial princes and cloistered Seii Taishogun.
- なお、戦前・戦中期、日本の日本史 (教科)教科書から数々の暴虐記事は全て削除されていた。
- Before and during Word War II many of those cruel stories were completely omitted from Japanese history text books.
- 歴史上の空白期間ののち、鎌倉時代になると一節切(ひとよぎり)と呼ばれる縦笛があらわれた。
- During the period of history in which there is no record of the shakuhachi, a vertical flute called the hitoyogiri (literally, 'one node cut') appeared in the Kamakura period.
- 京都新聞九十年史(京都新聞社史編さん委員会 編) 1969年6月1日発行、575ページ。
- The Book of 90-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published on June 1, 1969; 575 pages.
- また弓矢や運命や確率に関わり幸運を願う時には「八幡」という言葉が使われてきた歴史がある。
- In addition, the word 'Hachiman' has been historically used when people wish for good luck on Yumiya, fate, or odds.
- 段位は大正13年(1924年)に船越義珍が発行したのが、空手史上、初めてと言われている。
- It is said that dan ranks were introduced for the first time by Gichin FUNAKOSHI in 1924.
- また船越義珍や本部朝基によって、空手史上、初めて空手書が出版されたのも大正時代であった。
- Also during the Taisho period, books about karate were published for the first time by Gichin FUNAKOSHI and Choki MOTOBU.
- 留め漉きは、奈良時代の紙漉きの伝来以来の古代の製紙法が原型であり、古い歴史を有している。
- The prototype for Tome-suki was the ancient paper making method used since the Nara period, so it has a long history.
- また1993年6月に創業者の猪田七郎が逝去し、翌月に長男の猪田浩史が社長に就任している。
- In June 1993, the founder, Shichiro INODA, died and his first son, Hiroshi INODA, assumed the position of the president the following month.
- その詩作は『経国集』などに合計十首が遺されており、日本史上数少ない女性漢詩人の一人である。
- These poems are left in the collection of the poems such as 'Keikoku shu' (Collection for Governing the Country), she is known as one of the rare female poets in Japan.
- 日本古代史に真の意味での史料批判が展開されるのは大正期の津田左右吉を待たなければならない。
- It was not until there appeared Sokichi TSUDA in the Taisho era that criticism of ancient history in Japan actually began to develop.
- 今日、歴史学的に徳川氏が源氏であることには疑念があり、他氏からの仮冒であると見られている。
- Today, however, from the historical standpoint, there is doubt as to whether the Tokugawa clan belonged to the Minamoto clan, and it is considered as a deception used by another clan.
- 歴史的には「いき」の反対の形容であるが、「いき」よりもさらに日常語として広く使われている。
- Although historically an adjective, the opposite of 'iki,' it is used much broadly than 'iki' in daily life.
- 演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産で我が国にとつて歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いもの
- Arts and skills employed in drama, music and applied arts, and other intangible cultural products which possess a high historical and/or artistic value in and for this country.
- 並官人は六位から立身するのに対して、下官人は七位もしくは史生から立身するのが通例であった。
- Generally, Namikanjin rose from Rokui (Sixth Rank), whereas Shimokanjin rose from Nanai (Seventh Rank) or Shisho (lower-ranked officials).
- 室町時代から安土桃山時代にわたって丹後国の国府として発展した舞鶴には、数多くの史跡がある。
- Maizuru has many historic sites, owing to its development as Kokufu (provincial capital) of Tango Province from the Muromachi to Azuchi-Momoyama Period.
- 歴史上で企図した人物を確認出来るとされるが、それらにその意図があったかは不明な部分が多い。
- It is said that historical people who plotted it can be checked but it is unknown whether they had such intentions.
- 東京代々木の自宅に筑波歴史研究室を設立し、国史の文献目録を収集した「国史学会」を発行した。
- He founded the Tsukuba History Laboratory at his residence in Yoyogi, Tokyo and published 'The Society of Japanese Historical Research,' which collected the indexes of literature on Japanese history.
- 子孫も孫の三船以降は天武系から天智系への皇統移行とほぼ同時に歴史に埋もれてしまう事となる。
- His descendants were buried in history after Mifune, along with the change of the imperial line from the Tenmu to the Tenji.
- 京都新聞一〇五年小史(京都新聞社社史編さん委員会 編) 1984年6月発行、203ページ。
- The Small Book of 105-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The Company History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published in June, 1984; 203 pages.
- 重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている舞という名称のもので、室町時代以前からの歴史のあるもの。
- These are dances with the name of mai which are designated important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties and have a history from prior to the Muromachi period.
- - 歴史的に非常に古い職業でもあり、物語りや文学作品などで題材や人物設定として表現される。
- This is historically a very old occupation, appearing in stories and literature as a theme or character setting.
- 『西宮市史』によると、名塩製紙の種類を鳥の子類、半切り類、雑紙類の三つに分けて記している。
- According to 'The history of Nishinomiya City,' paper produced in Najio is classified into three types; torinoko, hankiri type, and miscellaneous purpose types.
- 中国の蹴鞠の歴史は紀元前300年以上前の田斉(戦国時代 (中国))での軍事訓練にさかのぼる
- The history of kemari of China can be traced back to military training by Densei earlier than 300 B.C. (Warring States Period in China).
- だが、一方、歴史の歯車は織田信長の台頭、武田家没落という運命に向かって大きく回り始めていた。
- On the other hand, the wheel of fate began to spin in favour of the rising Nobunaga ODA, to the decline of the Takeda family.
- 六国史の第五に文徳一代の治世を記録した日本文徳天皇実録(「文徳実録」とも)が編纂されている。
- There is the Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku (also called 'Montoku Jutsuroku') edition in Article 5 of Rikkoku shi, which is a record of the government during the Montoku reign.
- 頼山陽の『日本外史』では後醍醐天皇批判の一方で即位直後の親政に関しては肯定的評価をしている。
- In Sanyo RAI's 'Nihon Gaishi', although he criticizes Emperor Go-Daigo, he makes a positive evaluation of his government shortly after coronation.
- などの史料的根拠が指摘され、現在では「良」を「なが」と読むことに否定的な考えが示されている。
- Based on such evidence, current thought is negative regarding pronouncing the letter 良 as 'naga.'
- 日本史関係の書籍やテレビ番組などでは「大坂夏の陣で豊臣氏は滅亡した」と説明されることが多い。
- In books and TV programs related to Japanese history, it is often explained that 'the Toyotomi clan became downfallen in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka no Eki).
- しかし、近年は酒井憲二による国語学的研究が行われて再評価され、史料性の再検討がなされている。
- In recent years, however, its value as historical records are being reviewed thanks to Kenji SAKAI's study that was conducted from the standpoint of Japanese language.
- 松井家系図等の史料は八代市立博物館「未来の森ミュージアム」などのウェブでも見ることができる。
- Historical materials of the Matsui clan, such as their genealogy, can be seen on the website of 'Yatsushiro Municipal Museum' and so on.
- 弓削皇子からの相聞歌が万葉集2・119~122にあるが、弓削皇子と結婚したという史料はない。
- Although Nos. 119 to 122 in the volume two of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) are the romantic poems exchanged between her and Yuge no miko (the Prince Yuge), there are no historical documentation that attests to their marriage.
- いずれにせよ一寸法師と浦島太郎の2つの昔話の中に歴史上の蘇我氏の影が身を潜めていると言える。
- In any case, it can be said that the shadow of the historical Soga clan is contained in the two old tales of Issunboshi and Urashima Taro.
- 全国各地の歴史的建造物・史跡などの観光地の周辺の土産物店で土産物として木刀が販売されている。
- Bokuto are sold as souvenirs throughout the country in souvenir shops at tourist spots, such as historic buildings and sites.
- これらの技術は歴史的に数多くの流派を生み出してきたが、現在までに廃絶した流派も存在している。
- Historically, these techniques produced many schools, but there are schools that are extinct today.
- 寂はより自然そのものの作用に重点がある一方で、西洋の骨董では歴史面に重点があると考えられる。
- While the elegant simplicity of sabi places more emphasis on the action of nature, antiques in the West emphasize the historical respects.
- 江戸期に表千家が果した役割として茶道史上特筆すべきは、6代覚々斎以降の、町方への普及である。
- In view of the history of tea ceremony, it is worthy of special mention that Omote-senke played a role in its penetration into town people since the times of Kakukakusai.
- 歴史上、このことは太鼓を主体化するという革新的事実(芸能、音楽としての太鼓)に貢献している。
- This general phenomenon, however, has proved in history by (the Japanese drum in performing arts and in music) centralizing the Japanese drum as the main constituent.
- 意外に歴史は新しく、明治時代に洋服の「ビジティング・ドレス」に当たる着物として考え出された。
- It doesn't have a long history, and it was initially made as a counterpart of 'visiting dress' of European dress code in the Meiji period.
- 幕末の尊王攘夷運動の過程で強化され、明治維新後には政治体制によって正統な歴史観として確立した。
- It was strongly influenced by a campaign to restore the emperor and expel the barbarians during the last days of the Tokugawa government, it was established as an orthodox historical view by the new political system after the Meiji Restoration.
- 「不改常典」は法の正式名称ではなく、この法に言及した即位詔の一節からとられた歴史学用語である。
- Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' is not its formal name, but a historical term derived from one phrase used in the imperial edicts upon enthronement.
- 史料により3代目までは確認できるが、以後の子孫は不明で、事実上断絶した宮家として扱われている。
- The family line is confirmed to 3 generations by historical materials, however, later generations are unknown and are treated as a virtually discontinued family.
- 奈良時代の歴史書『古事記』や『日本書紀』では草の女神カヤノヒメの別名とされ、山野の精とされた。
- According to the history books compiled during the Nara Period including 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan), Nozuchi is a nickname of Kaya no Hime (the goddess of grass) and a spirit of fields and of mountains.
- 今雄が左少史兼算博士の職を与えられた後、853年平安京に移住を許され、名実ともに官人となった。
- After appointed as Sashoshi (assistant recorder of the left) and Sanhakase (official in charge of teaching mathematics and looking after mathematicians), Imao was allowed to move to Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan at present-day Kyoto) in 853 and became a government official both in name and reality.
- 現在では柴辻俊六・黒田基樹『戦国遺文』武田氏編や『山梨県史』資料編中世において集成されている。
- The results of the above investigations were compiled on the part of Takeda clan in 'Sengoku ibun' compiled by Shunroku SHIBATSUJI and Motoki KURODA as well as in the list of medieval historical materials attached to 'The history of Yamanashi Prefecture.'
- ただし、これらの伝説は江戸時代の史書に始めて現れるもので、同時代史料とは合わず、史実ではない。
- However, the above legends appear in historical materials of the Edo period for the first time; since they do not conform to the materials of the time during which he lived, these legends are not ture to facts.
- 魏無忌(信陵君)が趙の王から鄗(こう)を湯沐邑として与えられたことが、『史記』信陵君伝にある。
- It is mentioned that Gi Muki (Shinryokun) was given Ko as Tomokuyu by the king of Zhao in Shinryokun's biography in Shiki (the Chinese Historical Records).
- 江戸時代から一般的であった南北朝時代の史観が、明治時代の万世一系では不適当とされた事例である。
- This is the case that the historical view of the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts, which had been common since the Edo period, was denied during the Meiji period.
- 天然記念物クラスの枝振りが見事な桜や梅、歴史のある桜や梅などの下では茶席が設けられる事が多い。
- When hanami is held under a cherry tree or plum tree which is designated a natural treasure, or a historical cherry tree or plum tree, a tea-ceremony place is often set up.
- 歴史作家・関裕二によれば、老夫婦が祈願する住吉の神とは住吉大社にまつられている住吉三神である。
- According to a historical novelist Yuji SEKI, the god of Sumiyoshi to whom the elderly couple asks for favor is the Sumiyoshi Sanjin enshrined at Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine.
- 今谷説は美術史家にも衝撃を与えたが、その後、瀬田勝哉は景観年代を下げ、注文主を足利義輝と推定。
- Imatani's assertion impacted art historians, however, later, Katsuya SETA advanced the year of the scenery and he presumed the one who ordered to paint it was Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
- だが、角座、浪花座は映画館になり、大阪の道頓堀から歴史ある歌舞伎の劇場が相次いで消えて行った。
- Kado-za and Naniwa-za were converted into movie theaters, however, and one after another the kabuki theaters with long history disappeared from Dotonbori in Osaka.
- 浮世絵類考(うきよえるいこう)は、浮世絵師の伝記、経歴をあつめたもので美術史の基礎史料である。
- The Ukiyo-e Ruiko is basic material of the art history, collected biographies and backgrounds of ukiyo-e (Japanese woodblock prints) artists.
- 藤原忠房が作曲した舞楽曲の胡蝶や延喜楽に振り付けを付けるなど、日本の音楽史上重要な人物でもある。
- He played an important role in the history of Japanese music and choreographed the dances for bugaku music (traditional Japanese court music accompanied by dancing) composed by FUJIWARA no Tadafus such as Kocho (butterfly) and Engiraku (a dance regarded as a sign of celebration in the representative program of Uhobugaku Hiramai Dance, which was composed in Japan between 901 and 922).
- 「境内地としてのを将来した。(「昭和二十一年稿 橿原神宮史」五冊-三、五冊-五(橿原神宮所蔵))
- 'This project promised to preserve this land as precincts' (History of Kashihara-jingu Shrine, written in 1946, third and fifth volumes of five (owned by Kashihara-jingu Shrine).
- 地域、時代により形態や石材にバリエーションがあり、戦前から郷土史家たちの格好の研究材料であった。
- They vary in their shapes and in stone material from area to area, and from era to era, and so they have been good objects of research by local historians since before World War II.
- 菅原道真がモデル(歴史上の「丞相」は「じょうしょう」と読むが、本作では「しょうじょう」という)。
- SUGAWARA no Michizane was his model (in history, '丞相' (Chancellor) was pronounced as 'Josho' but the work called it as 'Shojo').
- どちらにせよ、3世紀後半の魏志倭人伝には倭人は酒を嗜むといった記述があり、どぶろくの歴史は長い。
- Any way, it is described in Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty') that Wajin (Japanese people) enjoy drinking and Doburoku has a long history.
- ※本記事では特に必要のある場合を除き、「月ヶ瀬村史」に従い「月ヶ瀬梅林」に統一して表記しました。
- In this article, 'Tsukigase Bairin' is used to describe the plum groves in accordance with the 'Tsukigase Village History,' unless otherwise required.
- 長良川鵜飼は1300年ほど前から行われており、その歴史は日本で行われている鵜飼の歴史と重複する。
- Nagara-gawa ukai has been conducted for about 1,300 years and its history overlaps the history of Japanese ukai.
- 1919年(大正8年)の「史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法」によって、記念物の法的な保護制度が確立した。
- By the 'Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument Preservation Law' enacted in 1919, the legal system for protecting monuments was established.
- 史料においては北条氏嫡流の当主を「得宗」と指した例は少なく、行政用語であったとも考えられている。
- Few historical records refer to the family heads of the legitimate line of the Hojo clan as Tokuso; thus, this is also regarded as having been an administrative term.
- また柳原家は、代々文学、文筆を家業とし、光綱の子である柳原紀光は歴史書「続史愚抄」を著している。
- Furthermore, the Yanagiwara family members traditionally studied literature or became writers; Mitsutsuna's son, Norimitsu YANAGIWARA, authored a history book entitled 'Zokushi gusho.'
- 1966年には『甲府市史』の編纂に際して『甲府市史史料目録』に「甲斐武田氏文書目録」が含まれた。
- When 'The History of Kofu City' was compiled in 1966, 'Kai-Takeda-shi bunshomokuroku' (list of documents about Kai-Takeda clan) was included in 'Kofu-shi shiryoumokuroku' (list of historical materials in the history of Kofu City).
- 信玄期以前においても『吾妻鏡』の史料批判による鎌倉時代の研究や、南北朝・室町期の研究も行われた。
- The study was conducted on the pre-Shingen era based upon the criticism of 'Azuma Kagami' as well as on the Northern and Southern period and the Muromachi period.
- 鬼伝説だけでなく上述の鉱山としての歴史も持ち合わせ、日本有数の雲海の名所と知られる場所でもある。
- In addition to the ogre legend, it has a history as a mine, and is famous for it's sea of clouds.
- 時に彼女は39歳で、史上初の女帝となった(ただし、神功皇后と飯豊青皇女を歴代から除外した場合)。
- At that time, she was 39 years old and became the first female monarch in history (however, this is the case when Empress Jingu and Crown Princess Iitoyo are excluded).
- 日本の歴史の飛鳥時代の始まりはいつなのか諸説あるが、推古天皇の即位を基準にするのが一般的である。
- Although there are various theories as to when the Asuka period in the history of Japan began but it is general to regard enthronement of Emperor Suiko as the beginning.
- 「それにたいし、神武天皇即位からは1500年しか経っていないのだから、日本の歴史はずっと短い」。
- Given that only 1,500 years have passed since the accession of Emperor Jinmu, Japan's history is much shorter than those of them.'
- そもそも正月料理の歴史そのものの研究が不十分であり、どちらが正しいかを判断するには至っていない。
- This issue has not been settled yet, because the history of New Year's dishes has been insufficiently studied.
- 京都新聞115年小史(京都新聞115年小史編纂委員会 編) 1994年10月発行、261ページ。
- The Small Book of 115- year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by The Small Book of 115-year History of Kyoto Shimbun Editing Committee) published in October, 1994; 261 pages.
- 弁当そのものの歴史は古く、外出時の食事として持参するものと定義するならば、その起源はわからない。
- The history of bento themselves is long, and if a bento is defined as meals to go, its origin is not known.
- 近代に入ると、旧来の公家・武家制度の廃止によって実用的な意味での有識故実研究の歴史に幕を閉じた。
- In modern times, the history of yusoku kojitsu study in a practical sense ended as the conventional kuge and buke system was abolished.
- つまりこのとき、本家としての総領家と、弓馬礼法の宗家との家がはじめて歴史的に分離したことになる。
- This was the first time that the position of 'Soke' had been separated from the main family.
- 室町時代の文献の中に既に「重箱」の記述を見ることができるので、その歴史はかなり古いと考えられる。
- The history of Jubako is considered to be rather long because the term 'Jubako' can be found in literature from the Muromachi period.
- 国家に半ば強制された歴史もあり、もんぺは劣悪な国民の戦時生活の代名詞として用いられることもある。
- Sometimes monpe are used as a synonym of the poor citizen's life during the war because of the history that they were nearly forced to wear by the nation.
- 歴史家の今谷明は、広義門院による政務就任は公家ではなく幕府からの発案だったとの見解を提示している。
- Historian, Akira IMATANI presents a view that offering the government practices to Kogimonin was proposed by the Bakufu, not by the Court nobles.
- この憲法は、日本史上初めて天皇の権限(天皇大権)を明記しており、近代天皇制国家確立の基礎となった。
- This constitution clearly stated the Emperor's prerogative rights (Tenno Taiken) for the first time in history, this became the basis to establish the modern Emperor System of Japan.
- 但し皇子の身分を剥奪された曾孫の広成皇子・広世皇子両皇子など、歴史の闇の彼方へ姿を消すものもある。
- The Empress Jito had great grandchildren, including Hironari no Miko (Prince Hironari) and Hiroyo no Miko (Prince Hiroyo), who had to demote to subject, so their descendents are unknown.
- 日本では宗教上の理由などから、「肉食」が忌避されたり、公式には禁止される時期が歴史上で度々あった。
- In Japan, meat-eating was a taboo or was officially prohibited in many eras throughout the history, for example, for a religious reason.
- 政治史で見ると前期中世日本語は平安時代末の院政期から鎌倉時代、後期中世日本語は室町時代に相当する。
- From the viewpoint of political history, the preceding Middle Japanese corresponds to the insei period (during the period of the government by the retired Emperor) at the end of the Heian period to the Kamakura period, and the latter Middle Japanese to the Muromachi period.
- 『言継卿記』は、戦国時代の京都を中心とする畿内の情勢を知る上で必要不可欠な一級史料として知られる。
- 'Tokitsugu-kyoki' (Tokitsugu journal) is well known as a primary source indispensable to understanding the situation of territories in the vicinity of the capital and under direct imperial rule in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての園部町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- Nantan City was formed through the merger between Sonobe-cho and the surrounding four towns on January 1, 2006, bringing a close to the history of Sonobe-cho as a municipality.
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての美山町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- On January 1, 2006, four neighboring towns were merged to form Nantan City, ending the history of Miyama-cho as a municipal government.
- 4年8月(403年9月)、諸国に国史(ふみひと)と呼ばれる書記官を設置し、国内の情勢を報告させた。
- In September, 403, the Emperor placed secretaries called Fumihito in every province and let them report situations in the provinces.
- なお、清原家は4代後の秀賢から舟橋家を称したため、清原宣賢を「船橋大外記宣賢」と記した史料もある。
- Some of the historical data calls Nobukata KIYOHARA as 'Funabashi Dai-Geki Nobukata,' since the House of Kiyohara started calling itself the House of Funabashi from Hidekata, who was the fourth generation thereafter.
- 「私にとっては沖縄県の歴史を紐解くということは島津氏の血を受けている者として心の痛むことでした。」
- For me, as a person descended from Shimazu family, it was a painful task to know fully the history of Okinawa Prefecture.'
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての日吉町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- On January 1, 2006 four neighboring towns were merged to form Nantan City, thereby ending the history of Hiyoshi-cho as a local government.
- この意味で、20世紀の歴史を通して「和」は高度に感情的および/あるいは政治的概念であり続けている。
- From this point of view, Wa has been a highly emotional and/or political concept throughout the history of the 20th century.
- しかし、殉死者の家族が栄達したり加増を受けたケースは皆無であり、商腹は歴史的事実ではないとされる。
- However, there are no cases of the families of an individual who committed suicide to follow another into death achieving proliferation and advancement, and akinaibara is not thought to have been a historical fact.
- 日本においては古くからイカを食用としており、保存ができる乾物加工品としてのスルメも古い歴史がある。
- In Japan, squid has been eaten since ancient times and surume also has a long history as a dry food with a long shelf life.
- この文献は子孫の篠澤明剛が所有しているが、現在は佐久市立望月歴史民族資料館にて一般公開されている。
- It is mentioned in the document which belongs to his descendant 篠澤明剛 and is put on view to the public in Saku City Mochizuki Museum of History and Folklore.
- 内蔵使:(くらのつかい、「内蔵助」と「内蔵史生」という天皇の幣帛を管理する内蔵寮の官吏をあてた)。
- Kura no tsukai: 'Uchikura no suke' (Assistant Head of the Inner Treasury Office) and 'Uchikura shisho' (the office clerk of the Inner Treasury Office) who were in charge of paper or cloth strips attached to a stick and offered to a deity are dispatched.
- この本には、茶の製法、飲み方、歴史などが詳しく書かれており、まさに茶のバイブルと言える書物である。
- He wrote in detail about the tea production process, drinking methods, and history and could be said that this is the bible of tea.
- それゆえ、今日語られている空手の歴史は、主に明治時代の空手の古老たちが伝え聞いた話に基づいている。
- Therefore, the history of karate, as discussed here, is based mainly on the lore that old karate experts of the Meiji period had heard from their precursors.
- 『南方録』が偽書として否定された後に、その影響を排した利休像の構築が茶道史研究の重要課題となった。
- After 'Nanpo roku' was found to be apocryphal and unauthorized, the top priority of the researchers of the tea ceremony history was to rebuild the image of Rikyu free of its influence.
- また上記のような歴史から鉄板焼きの多くは外食、キャンプ料理、お祭りの際の食事と位置づけられている。
- And also from the history above, teppanyaki is positioned mainly as dining out, food of camping, or food of festival.
- 古神道において、「神さび」とともに古いことだけでなく、大きなことも尊ばれてきた歴史や価値観がある。
- In ancient Shintoism, along with 'kamusabi,' there is a history and value of respecting not only something that's old, but also something that's large.
- 史料に具体的内容が引かれていないが、非常に重要な法と位置付けられており、歴史学者の関心を引いている。
- Although in historical materials, there is no specific citation to the contents of the code, it is positioned as an extremely important law, and attracts the attention of historians.
- これにより、22代・500年に亘って繁栄した関東の名門・宇都宮氏は歴史の表舞台から去ることとなった。
- Since then, the Utsunomiya clan, the family of pedigree in the Kanto region prospering for 22 consecutive generations for 500 years, had faded from the front stage of history.
- これらのことから、諸書の続柄記載は客観的な史実ではなく、伝承に合わせて二次的に造作された疑いが残る。
- All these facts suggest that some doubt remains that some of the genealogy records may have been adjusted to conform to the folklore.
- ただし考古学の絶対年代はよほど強力な史料などが出ない限り、常に浮動的であることに注意する必要がある。
- However, it is to be noted that a conclusive age in archeology is always floating unless there appears an exceptionally strong historical material, etc.
- 稗史によれば、彦坐王は美濃国を領地として、子の八瓜入日子とともに治山治水開発に努めたとも伝えられる。
- According to the Haishi (Old Chinese story driven History book), Prince Hikoimasu ruled his territory, Mino Province where he endeavored to develop forest conservation and flood control together with his child, 'Yatsuriirihiko-no-O,'
- 歴史上または、現在も軍事の上での武器でもあり、武芸としての武具や競技(ゲーム・スポーツ)用具である。
- Both in history and at present, it has been a weapon for military as well as an arm for military art and a tool for sports.
- 1444年の文安の麹騒動によって酒屋業の一部へと武力で吸収合併された(参照:日本酒の歴史室町時代)。
- Because of the Bunan koji disturbance in 1444, koji production was forced to merge by military force as a part of sake trading (Refer to 'History of Sake - Muromachi period).
- この文献は子孫の篠澤明剛氏が所有しているが、現在は佐久市立望月歴史民族資料館にて一般公開されている。
- This document, which belongs to his descendant Akiyoshi SHINOZAWA, is currently open to public viewing at Saku Municipal Mochizuki City Museum of History and Folklore.
- そのため、一部からは粗悪品を巧みな口上で不当な価格で売る真っ当でない商人との蔑視を受けた歴史を持つ。
- As a result, they were looked down upon by some as merchants who schemed to sell inferior products for more than they were worth.
- その後、応仁の乱や第二次世界大戦などでの中断はあるものの、現在も続いており、千年を超える歴史がある。
- Even though the Onin War, World War II, etc. caused the festival to temporarily discontinue, it has been continued for more than 1,000 years to date.
- 戦後、思想、信条の自由が保障されると、戦前は取り締まりの対象であったマルクス主義の唯物史観が興隆する。
- After the War, the freedom of thought and religion was secured, the historical materialism of Marxist became popular which was targeted by regulations.
- これにより北朝(持明院統)と南朝(大覚寺統)の2つの王朝が同時に存在する日本史上未曾有の事態となった。
- Because of this, it caused two Imperial lines to emerge during the same period, the Northern Court (the Jimyoin Imperial line) and the Southern Court (Daikakuji Imperial line), which was unprecedented in the Japanese history.
- 父子相続が兄弟相続に取って代わられたのはかなり後世になるため、歴史に逆行していることにもなってしまう。
- These cases run counter to the actual historical development, since succession between brothers was replaced by father-to-son succession in a much later period.
- 『日本書紀』、『古事記』に見える事績は総じて起源譚の性格が強く、その史実性については多分に疑問である。
- Many of the accounts in 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan) and 'Kojiki' are stories created to explain the origin of things and it is highly doubtful whether or not they are descriptions of facts.
- このような不祥事があったためか、賀茂宮は一部の系図史料(『本朝皇胤紹運録』など)に掲載がされていない。
- Maybe because of the above misconduct, no descriptions of Kamonomiya are contained in historical data concerning family records ('Honcho koin jounroku' or the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period, etc.).
- 具体的には、大正時代に三浦周行が『続法制史の研究』で、即位の宣命に現れるのは近江令のことであるとした。
- Concretely, in the Taisho period, Hiroyuki MIURA presented his theory in 'Zoku Hoseishi no Kenkyu' (A Study of the History of Law: Part II), and argued that the law described in the various imperial edicts upon enthronement, was Omi-Ryo code.
- 内容が神話的であり、神武天皇の実在も含めて現在の歴史学では、そのままの史実であるとは考えられていない。
- Content of the book is mythological and stories, including those about the existence of Emperor Jimmu, are not considered as historical facts in historical science today.
- 昭和初年には『甲斐史料集成』や『甲斐叢書』が刊行され、山梨郷土研究会も発足し実証的研究がスタートした。
- In the early Showa period, 'Kai shiryo shusei' and 'Kai sosho' were published, and the empirical research was initiated by Yamanashi Kyodo Kenkyuukai (Yamanashi Local History Study Group).
- 『旧辞』と共に、天武天皇が稗田阿礼に暗誦させたといわれ、のちに記紀編纂の基本史料となったと伝えられる。
- It is said that Emperor Tenmu made HIEDA no Are recite the Teiki from memory along with the 'Kyuji' (mythical tradition), and later this was said to be the basic historical material for the compilation of the later Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan).
- 歴史学者の間では天皇が国家統治機構の前面に登場する近代以前の国家体制に適用することに対して批判もある。
- Some historians are against applying the word Tennosei to the state system before recent times because the Emperor was not in the front line of the national governing system.
- 587年8月、丁未の乱で朝廷軍に味方するがこれ以降史書に登場しないので丁未の変で戦死したと考えられる。
- He supported the Imperial army during the Teibi Incident in August, 587, but his name wasn't reported since then, it is assumed he died during Teibi Incident.
- 平家の末裔である戦国武士だった住友家の先祖は、国取り物語の戦国時代 (日本)を有為転変の歴史を生きる。
- The ancestors of the Sumitomo Family, who were Sengoku samurai and descendants of Heike, lived during the tumultuous period of Japanese history known as the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States), when warriors fought each other in order to expand their lands.
- 名塩鳥の子の始祖としての弥右衛門に関しての伝承は他にもあるが、史実としては以下の説が最も説得性がある。
- Although there are other traditions about Yaemon as the originator of Najio torinoko, the following view is the most persuasive in the light of factual historical.
- 『日本紙業史・京都篇』によっても、北野天満宮あたりの紙屋(かんや)川のほとりにあったことは確かである。
- According to 'Nihon Shigyoshi, Kyoto-hen' (the chapter on Kyoto in the history of paper making in Japan), it is also clear that it was near the Kanya-gawa River in the vicinity of the Kitanotenman-gu Shrine.
- またこの頃から存在していたという流派が伝承などで見られるが、史実としては後世の創作である可能性が高い。
- Additionally, it is said that some schools existed since around that time from folk tales, but it is highly possible that they are the fiction of a later age.
- 文化大革命期に徹底的に破壊された儒教関連の史跡及び施設も近年になって修復作業が急ピッチで行われている。
- Historic sites and facilities of Ju-kyo which were completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution are being restored rapidly in recent years.
- 1974年に東京国立博物館で展覧会が催された、様々な画集に入ることで、日本美術史上での価値が確立した。
- In 1974 his works were included in various collections of paintings which were organized in Tokyo National Museum; thus the value of his works according to Japanese art history became confirmed.
- 史料的根拠としては、後に高橋崇があげた元明天皇の即位詔の「不改常典と立て賜わる食国法」という箇所がある。
- The phrase of Empress Genmei's imperial edict to the enthronement that says 'the law of the nation's governance legislated as Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten' cited later by Takashi TAKAHASHI is considered as a historically proofed reference.
- 後世、清原氏はこうした夏野の業績を深く一門の誇りとし、史上において学問や文芸に秀でた人物を多く輩出した。
- In tribute to Natsuno's accomplishments, the Kiyohara clan went on to produce many outstanding figures in the field of study and literature through the ages.
- 鯨肉の消費の歴史を考えるうえでは、魚介類・獣肉類全体の流通・消費形態の変化を理解することが不可欠である。
- When considering the history of whale meat consumption, it is essential to understand how the ways of distributing and consuming fishes/shells and animal meat as a whole have changed.
- 京都北都信用金庫(ほくとしんきん)本店営業部(店番号 001)現存する信用金庫で三番目に古い歴史がある。
- The central office of the sales department (branch code: 001) at the Kyoto Hokuto Shinkin Bank (the third oldest credit union in existence)
- 天皇家の庶家としてその家系は価値を有しており、歴史上皇別・王孫の氏族の出であると偽ったものも少なくない。
- Being one of the branch families of the Imperial family gave the value to the family line, and not a few cases that persons pretended to be a member of Kobetsu/Oson are found in Japanese history.
- 757年(天平宝字元年)参議となり、中納言を経て762年(天平宝字6年)御史大夫(=大納言)に昇任した。
- He became a councilor in 757, and promoted to become the chief of controlling the officials (a chief councilor of state) in 762, after serving as a vice-councilor of state.
- 文献上で日本の「醤」の歴史をたどると、701年の「大宝律令」には、醤を扱う「主醤」という官職名が見える。
- Tracing the history of Japanese '醤' in documents, '主醤,' the name of an official position which deals with 醤 (hishio), was found in 'Taiho Ritsuryo' (Taiho Code) in 701.
- 十字架やサンタクロース等の、特定の歴史や物語の象徴となる物は物語中と似たような働きを果たすと考えられた。
- Symbols associated with a certain history or story such as a crucifix or Santa Claus were thought to have effects similar to these stories.
- 絵巻物については、美術的価値とともに、ビジュアルな歴史民俗資料(絵画資料)としての価値が注目されている。
- Emakimono is attracting attention to its artistic value as well as to its documentary value as visual historical and folklore materials (pictorial material).
- 義満はここを仙洞御所になぞられ、明の国史を迎えたり、天皇の行幸を仰ぐなどの公式の用に充てていたとされる。
- Yoshimitsu modeled the garden for Sento-gosho (an imperial villa for retired emperors) and invited delegations from the Ming dynasty, and was honored by the visit of the emperor and he used the villa for official purposes.
- おそらく歴史上無名の僧侶などが、動物などに例えながら世相を憂い、ときには微笑ましく風刺したものであろう。
- Perhaps, historically unrenowned priests who grieved over social situations by assimilating animals to people might have drawn caricatures in a smile-provoking way.
- 一方、明代は史書に対する研究が盛んな時代であったが、中期以後、経書に対する実証学的研究の萌芽も見られる。
- Meanwhile, study of history books was popular during the Ming Dynasty, and since mid-Ming, demonstrative study of Keisho emerged.
- また陳第は『毛詩古音考』を著し、音韻が歴史的に変化していることを明言し、古代音韻学研究の道を開いている。
- Additionally, Chin Tei wrote the 'Study on Old Sound of Moshi,' clearly stating that phonology was changing historically, leading the way to ancient phonology research.
- しかし、音階・構造はそれぞれ少しずつ異なっており、日本の横笛の歴史について統一した見解は得られていない。
- However, they differ slightly in scale and structure, and therefore, perspectives on the history of Japanese transverse flutes have not yet been unified.
- この頃には、津田左右吉らの日本古代史学者が、神話は歴史事実とは異なるとしただけで職を追われるようになった。
- Around this period, scholars of historic studies of Ancient Japan, like Sokichi TSUDA, were forced to resign simply because he regarded myths to be different from historical facts.
- また記念物(史跡・名勝・天然記念物関係)についても従来の指定制度を補完するものとして登録制度が導入された。
- Moreover, the registration system was introduced to monuments (historic sites, scenic spots and natural monuments) in order to complement the conventional designation system.
- 南朝が正統な朝廷とする史観が定着するや、楠木正成や楠木氏は忠臣の代表として賞賛され、顕彰されるようになる。
- From the time when the Southern Court became well recogized as the orthodox Imperial court, Masashige KUSUNOKI and the Kusunoki clan were praised as the representative of loyal subjects and were even rewarded.
- 邦康親王の子には師煕親王(静覚入道親王)などがいるが、一等史料による限り、その後の子孫は確認されていない。
- Imperial Prince Kuniyasu had sons including Imperial Prince 師煕 (priestly Imperial Prince Jokaku), but as long as excellent historical documents have been referred to, there has been no descendant, thereafter, confirmed.
- この問題のように、南北朝問題は、万世一系や皇国史観が史実に基づいているかを考察するうえで重要な問題である。
- Given these disputes, the issue of the Northern and the Southern Courts was an essential factor for studying whether the unbroken Imperial line and the emperor-centered historiography were based on actual history.
- 雑煮の由来については、歴史学を中心とする考え方と民俗学を中心とする考え方に大きな意見の相違が存在している。
- There are two opposing views about the origin of zoni: the viewpoint of historians and the viewpoint of folklorists.
- そもそも吟醸酒自体が、アルコール添加を前提として開発された酒種であった(参照:日本酒の歴史吟醸酒の誕生)。
- Ginjoshu itself is a type of sake that has been developed on the premise of adding alcohol. (Refer to 'Nihonshu no Rekishi - Ginjoshu no Tanjo' - literally, 'History of Sake - Birth of Ginjoshu'.)
- シンポジウムの内容は歴史や魅力について語り合うものであり、卵かけご飯にまつわる思い出や料理法が募集された。
- The purpose of the symposium was to discuss the history and the appeal, and memories and recipes related to tamago kake gohan were collected.
- 弓は人類史上、石鏃が発掘されている事から石器時代から存在する事が解っているが、日本では縄文時代からである。
- It is known that stone arrow heads were present from the stone age, but it began to appear in Japan from the Jomon period.
- これが現在知られている七夕のストーリーとほぼ同じ型となった最も古い時期を考証できる史料のひとつとなっている
- The above is the oldest historical literature that can verify the currently known story of tanabata.
- 藤田美術館他に羽田五郎作の伝来を持つ古様の棗が数点現存しているものの、史料による裏付を持たないためである。
- This is because there is no historical document to support this, even though several old natsumes that are said to have been made by Goro HANEDA can be found in the Fujita Museum of Art and others.
- 史実を無視した荒唐無稽な作り話を「張扇の音と一緒に叩き出した」「張扇の音がする」などというのは、このため。
- Because of this, the saying that an improbable story which ignores historical facts 'was knocked out by the sound of a Hari-sen,' or 'sounded Hari-sen,' etc. came about.
- これらパッカーは飲料生産に必要不可欠な存在であるとともに、缶コーヒーが急成長した歴史とも深く関係している。
- These producers are not only an indispensable presence for beverage production, but are closely related to the history of the rapid growth of canned coffee.
- 女性で治天の君となったのも、天皇家に出自せず治天の君となったのも、日本史上、広義門院西園寺寧子が唯一である。
- Kogimonin Neishi SAIONJI was the only female, and only the person who was not a descendant of the Imperial Household, that became Chiten no kimi in Japanese history.
- ヨーロッパの王室は日本の皇室とは歴史的背景等が異なるので同列には並べられないが、ここに相違点を以下に挙げる。
- The European Royal Household differs from Japanese Imperial Household in historical backgrounds, etc., and their differences are shown below.
- 中国の史書における倭王の最古の記述は、南北朝時代 (中国)の宋 (南朝)王朝に朝貢した「倭」の王たちである。
- The oldest description in history books in China is about the kings of 'Wa' who tribute to Sung Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) in the period of North and South Dynasties (China).
- 歴史学などの分野では日本固有の存在としての天皇を強調する意味でTennoやMikadoと呼ぶこともままある。
- In fields of history and others, there are some cases of mentioning Tenno or Mikado, to express Tenno as the being peculiar to Japan.
- 中世僧坊酒の研究には欠かせない古記録であり、中世の具体的な酒造技術を知ることの出来る唯一の史料と言ってよい。
- This old record is essential to study medieval sake brewed in major temples and the only historical material to know the medieval sake brewing techniques concretely.
- 広義には歴史小説的なもの全般を含むが、一般には主に江戸時代を舞台とする作品についてのみ用いられることが多い。
- This includes the works like historical novels in a broad sense, but generally this is used only for the stories that take place in the Edo or former period.
- しかし、同時代史料による限り、3代信光は賀茂氏姓を名乗っており、おそらくこれが松平氏の最も古い本姓であろう。
- However, whilst limited to historical records of the day, 3rd generation Nobumitsu assumed the Kamo clan family name and perhaps, this is the oldest original surname of the Matsudaira clan.
- また、出自を源氏とし、忠政-信元-忠重流を宗家とする系譜操作が行われたためとも言われる(『刈谷市史』2巻)。
- It is also thought that this inconsistency was due to the manipulation done to their genealogy records that put their origin as part of the Minamoto clan and the family lines of Tadamasa, Nobumoto, and Tadashige as the head of the family (the second volume of 'The History of Kariya City').
- このとき福知山市章も制定され、後に福知山市史上初の名誉市民となる福知山出身の芦田均が内閣総理大臣に就任する。
- The city simbol of Fukuchiyama was established, and Hitoshi ASHIDA coming from Fukuchiyama City, who became the first honorary citizen later, took office as prime minister.
- 『明治元年 所謂「東北朝廷」成立に関する一考察」藤井徳行(『近代日本史の新研究1』所収、学文社、1981年)
- 'Consideration for establishment of so-called 'Tohoku Chotei (the Tohoku Court) in 1868', Noriyuki FUJII (included in 'New Study of Modern Japanese History 1', Gakubunsha, 1981)
- 特に、明治維新から戦中までの期間には、国家公認の史観として重視され、大日本帝国憲法第1条にも記載されていた。
- Especially during the times from the Meiji Restoration to wartime, the Japanese government officially emphasized this historical view and stated this in the Article 1 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- ※この料理の文献は子孫の篠澤明剛氏が所有しているが、現在は佐久市立望月歴史民族資料館にて一般公開されている。
- Although this literature of the dish is owned by the offspring 篠澤明剛, it is currently open to the public at the Saku City Mochizuki Museum of History and Folklore.
- 歴史に破れ朽ち果てた者たちが、無念の思いと歴史の真実を後世に残したいと思いこの種のお伽話を創作したといえる。
- It can be said that those who lost and were left to decay in history created this type of fairy tale, out of their desire to pass down to posterity their regrets and historical truths.
- 発祥については、アルコール飲料作りのためにデンプンを糖化したものを、有史以前より製造していたと見られている。
- Regarding its origin, it seems that glycated starch has been used to make alcoholic beverages since prehistoric times.
- 『史記』孔子世家によると、孔子の弟子は3000人おり、特に「身の六芸に通じる者」として七十子がいたとされる。
- According to the house of Kongzi in 'Shiki' (Records of the Grand Historian,' Koshi had 3000 disciples, and the 'ones who were familiar with the Six Arts (rites, music, archery, charioteering, literature and mathematics)' were called Shichijisshi (approximately seventy disciples of Koshi with outstanding talent).
- 現存する中国最古の書論は、後漢時代に著された中国の書家一覧趙壱の『非草書』である(中国の書道史書論を参照)。
- The oldest existing theory of calligraphy in China is 'Hisosho' written by Choitsu in the Chinese calligrapher list described in the later term of the Western Han period (refer to the Chinese history and theory of calligraphy).
- 上記のように史料によって記述がバラバラであり、実態として生没年に関しては不詳とする方が正確性が高いと思われる。
- As shown above, records are so diversified depending on historical materials that it seems to be appropriate to assume that the year of his birth and death is unclear.
- また、『延喜式』に記述のみられる日本酒の歴史上古の日本の高温糖化法と現代の姫飯造りには直接的なつながりはない。
- Also, the ancient Japanese high-temperature saccharification method in the history of Japanese sake described in 'Engi-shiki'(detailed enforcement regulations of the Engi era) is not directly related to the modern Himeii method.
- 貞長は新田義貞と戦って討死し、子の小笠原長高は京都に住んで足利尊氏の弓馬の師範であったというが史実か疑わしい。
- It is said that Sadanaga died on the battle with Yoshisada NITTA and the son Nagataka OGASAWARA who lived in Kyoto was the master of Kyuba (archery and equestrianism) of Takauji ASHIKAGA, but it is doubtful whether it is historical fact.
- 『軍鑑』は明治期の史学会において田中義成により史料性を否定され、長く実証的研究においては用いられてこなかった。
- However, 'Gunkan' was not used for empirical research for a long time because its value as historical records was denied by Yoshinari TANAKA during the Meiji period.
- 近年では、軽皇子が中大兄皇子を教唆して「乙巳の変」を引き起こした「黒幕」であるという説を唱える歴史学者もいる。
- Nowadays, some historians claim that Prince Karu was the 'mastermind' who abetted Naka no Oe no Oji to cause 'Isshi no hen.'
- 郷土料理には、地方の特産品を用いていたり、地方独特の地理的・歴史的条件により生まれたものなど様々なものがある。
- Some local cuisine came about due to the use of the local specialty as their ingredients, and others were produced by some geographic and historical conditions peculiar to the community.
- 世界各地の国家覇権による軍事史においては、様々な軍事兵法として用いられその効果は兵法書や絵画などで伝承される。
- In the history of militaries in various parts of the world it had been used by nations in various strategies, and the effects had been transmitted through books on strategy, pictures and so on.
- また中国の史書『隋書』開皇二十年(600年)の条には、日本を訪れた隋使が見た変わった漁法として紹介されている。
- In addition, in the section of 600 in 'Zuisho' (the Book of the Sui dynasty), Ukai was introduced as a strange fishing method which an envoy from the Sui saw in Japan.
- 本家西尾八ッ橋(ほんけにしおやつはし)は元禄2年(1689年)に創業された京都で一番歴史のある八ツ橋メーカー。
- Honke Nishio Yatsuhashi is the oldest manufacture of Yatsuhashi (type of sweets made with bean paste) in Kyoto, established in 1689.
- 『高橋氏文』そのものが高橋氏の正統性を誇示する目的と考えられるため、全てを史実として受け入れることは困難である。
- 'Takahashi uji bumi' itself was considered as an example of justice amongst the Takahashi clan, so it is difficult to accept everything as true.
- 勅旨田の設定地は全国に及んでおり、例えば史料からは、下野、武蔵、美濃、摂津、備前、肥前などに設定例が検出される。
- The established land of Chokushiden was across the country; and was identified in Shimotsuke, Musashi, Mino, Settsu, Bizen, and Hizen Provinces according to historical materials.
- 歴史学的に証明できる天皇家の起源は、大和王権の支配者・ヤマト大王(大王)が統治していた古墳時代あたりまでである。
- The origin of the Imperial Family that can be proved historically is back around Kofun (tumulus) period when Yamato Daio (Daio) ruled in the Yamato sovereignty.
- 一方、徳川光圀が『大日本史』の編纂を始めた頃幕府も天皇陵を立派にすることで、幕府の権威をより一層高めようとした。
- On the other hand, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) tried to enhance their authority by improving mausoleums, around the time when Mitukuni TOKUGAWA started compilation of 'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan).
- 記紀の記事は多くが日本武尊(やまとたける)の物語で占められ、残るのは帝紀部分のみになり史実性には疑いが持たれる。
- Story of Yamato Takeru no Mikoto is described in most part of Kojiki and Nihonshoki, while Teiki (a genealogy of the imperial family) is described in the rest part of them, so their historicity is questionable.
- 孫一が歴史から名を消した後、豊臣家の鉄砲頭として孫一の兄弟とも子ともいわれる鈴木重朝の活躍が見られるようになる。
- After Magoichi's name disappeared from history, Shigetomo SUZUKI, who is said to have been either Magoichi's brother or son and served as a head of the artillery for the Toyotomi family as well, began to show active performance.
- 2008年には明仁・皇后美智子の意向を受けて史上初めて、10月24日~27日という秋の時期に訪れることとなった。
- In 2008, upon request of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko the imperial family visited the Nasu Goyotei for the first time in autumn: October 24-27.
- 歴史的話題で複数の天皇が話題に上がっている場合、口語として「今の天皇」もしくは「今の天皇陛下」と言うことがある。
- When multiple emperors become the subject of conversation about history, the expression of 'ima no Tenno' or 'ima no Tenno Heika' (the Emperor of the present) may be orally used.
- 欠史八代と異なり、『日本書紀』においては、これらの天皇の事跡が記されているが、『古事記』に事績が記されていない。
- Unlike Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), the achievements of these ten Emperors are recorded in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), but not in 'Kojiki.'
- 政俊の子・長行は、徳川家康の子で結城家へ養子入りした結城秀康に用いられるが、住友家の武家の歴史はここまでである。
- Masatoshi's son Nagamichi was employed by Hideyasu YUKI, who was a son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and was adopted as a son-in-law by the Yuki Family, thus ending the history of the Sumitomo as a Samurai family.
- 特定名称の使用が定められる以前は、特級、一級、二級という日本酒級別制度が存在した(詳しくは日本酒の歴史を参照)。
- Before the use of specific names is provided for, there existed the sake grading system of tokkyu (special class), ikkyu (first class) and nikyu (second class). (For more information, refer to the 'History of Sake.')
- - もとは摂泉十二郷の銘柄であった『男山』340年の歴史と江戸時代の資料、文献、酒器などが展示、公開されている。
- The history for 340 years of 'Otokoyama' which was one of brands for Sessen Junigo and materials, literatures, sake drinking sets and so on during the Edo Period are exhibited to the public.
- この技法による像は、東大寺法華堂(三月堂)、興福寺、唐招提寺などに現存し、日本彫刻史上著名な作品が多く含まれる。
- Statues made with this method still exist including at Hokkedo (Sangatsudo) in Todai-ji Temple, Kofuku-ji Temple, and Toshodai-ji Temple, many of which are some of the most celebrated works in the history of sculpture in Japan.
- 安史の乱で宮廷の音楽も壊滅して衰退したが、その後再興され、838年には法曲を仙韶曲と改め、梨園を仙韶院と改めた。
- Although the court music declined severely as a result of the An Shi Rebellion, it was revived in the subsequent generation and in 838, faqu was renamed senshokyoku (仙韶曲), and rien was renamed senshoin (仙韶院).
- しかし、日本書紀は天武天皇の勅命により編纂されたものであり、歴史学的に証明の難しい神話・伝説などを多く含んでいる。
- However, the Nihonshoki was compiled by the Imperial command of Emperor Tenmu, and includes many myths and legends that are hard to prove historically.
- そしてこれら一代要記等の史料と日本書紀は編纂された時代も性質も異なり、同列で比較するのはおかしいという反論もある。
- Also there is criticism against the theory, which says that it is not right to compare papers like 'Ichidai Yoki' with 'Nihonshoki' in equal measure because they were compiled in different times and under different situations.
- 奈良は仏教史跡、寺院も多く、仏教との関係で茶も広まり、一方ではヤマチャも諸所にあり、それなりに利用されたとされる。
- It is said that Nara has many historical spots concerning Buddhism and Buddhism temples and tea became popular there because of the relation with Buddhism and, on the other hand, yama-cha (wild tea) was seen in many places in Nara and was used to some extent.
- 延若の五右衛門は歌舞伎史に残る名演として、鍋井克之の画によりタペストリーに織られ、歌舞伎座のロビーに飾られている。
- In order to record Enjaku's Goemon as one of the excellent performances filling the history of kabuki, a tapestry was woven based on the picture by Katsuyuki NABEI, and it is hung in the lobby of Kabuki-za Theatre.
- 三善氏には2つの系統があり、紀伝道を世襲した三善氏と算道を世襲した三善氏は別系統であったのは史料等で明らかである。
- There are two Miyoshi clan lineages, and historical sources clearly indicate that the lineage that inherited Kidendo (history) and the other that inherited Sando (mathematics) were distinct from each other.
- その歴史は福知山市を含む丹波地方の養蚕業は千年以上も昔から行われていたとも言われ、昭和初期ごろに全盛期を向かえた。
- It is said that sericulture in the Tanba Region including Fukuchiyama City has a history longer than one thousand years, with its peak around the beginning of the Showa period.
- 入澤達吉「日本人の坐り方に就いて」(史学雑誌第31編第8号 1920年)では元禄~享保に広まったと推測されている。
- According to 'Japanese People's Style of Sitting' (Shigaku zasshi [Journal of Historical Studies] Volume 31, No. 8, 1920) written by Tatsukichi IRISAWA, sitting in the seiza style spread among people during the period from 1688 to 1736.
- その後、水藤錦穣と同じく錦心流から出た鶴田錦史が五弦五柱をさらに改良すると共に、音楽的にも新しい分野へ飛躍させた。
- After that, Kinshi TSURUTA who also came from the Kinshin-ryu, same as Kinjo SUITO, added refinements to the five-string five-fret biwa and made a leap forward into a new musical field.
- その後、1779年に後桃園天皇が子を残さないまま若くして没したため、日本史上、数回目となる皇統断絶の危機が発生した。
- Thereafter, since Emperor Gomomozono died young in 1779, without having children, there was a crisis of the discontinuity of the Imperial succession, which can be seen several times in the Japanese history.
- 雑賀党の鈴木氏が本格的に歴史にあらわれるのは「雑賀孫市」の通称で知られる鈴木孫一が活躍した16世紀の中頃以降である。
- The Suzuki clan of Saigato came to be mentioned frequently in history as from the mid-16th century, when Magoichi SUZUKI, commonly known as 'Magoichi SAIGA' took an active role.
- しかし、歴史上はっきりとした段階で活躍するのは宣化天皇の大夫であった阿倍大麻呂(火麻呂とする説もある)が初見である。
- However, ABE no Omaro (or Himaro) who was the daibu (master) for Emperor Senka was the first to be known in history.
- 堂上家(とうしょうけ、どうじょうけ)とは、日本の歴史上、清涼殿南廂にある殿上間に昇殿出来る資格が世襲された公家の家。
- Toshoke, also referred to as Dojoke, in the history of Japan, means family of court nobles hereditary qualified to be admitted to Tenjo no Ma chamber located under the eaves on the south side of the Seiryoden (Literally 'Limpid Cool Hall,' an imperial summer palace)
- 郷土史家の越中哲也は長崎放送の録画中継の中で「難破船になるですばい」と毎年、出演の旅に「悪しき行為」と解説している。
- Every year, Tetsuya ETCHU, a local history researcher, regularly comments that 'They may wreck them,' and considers that act as 'bad behavior' when he appears on a videotaped show of Nagasaki Broadcasting Company.
- 京都には歴史的な文化財が多く存在し、また多数の大学が設置されている特性から、歴史・文化関係の記事や大学の記事が多い。
- It carries a large number of articles on historical or cultural issues and on universities, due to the characteristics of Kyoto which abounds in historical, cultural heritages and universities.
- 京都新聞110年史(京都新聞創刊110年記念事業実行委員会社史編さん部会 編) 1989年10月発行、488ページ。
- The Book of 110-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by Kyoto Shimbun's 110th Anniversary Celebration Executive Committee, Company History Editing Group Meeting) published in October, 1989; 488 pages.
- 京都新聞120年史(京都新聞創刊120年記念事業実行委員会社史編さん部会 編) 1999年10月発行、303ページ。
- The Book of 120-year History of Kyoto Shimbun (edited by Kyoto Shimbun's 120th Anniversary Celebration Executive Committee, Company History Editing Group Meeting) published in October, 1999; 303 pages.
- 書道史は美術に関する歴史学の一部門であり、本源である中国書道史と、傍系である日本書道史の2つに大別することができる。
- History of Shodo is a division of fine art related history and can be roughly divided into two; Chinese history of Shodo, the principle and Japanese history of Shodo, the collateral line.
- 実際の歴史の中では、「悪代官」と言われるような代官はさほどいなかった(代官江戸時代における代官も参照のこと)とされる。
- In the actual history, it is said that there were not so many bailiffs called 'Akudaikan' (See also Bailiffs in the Edo Period.).
- 狩猟を描写した詩が刻まれており、当時の狩猟をはじめとする王の暮らしがわかる文献資料 (歴史学)の一つに位置づけられる。
- There is inscribed a poem describing scenes of hunting and, therefore, sekkobun is positioned as one of the literature materials (for the historical science) from which the daily living of the king in those days including the hunting is known.
- 応永年間には政所執事代として史上に現れる者もおり、松田満秀・松田秀興・松田数秀らは奉行人の筆頭の公人奉行に任じられる。
- In the Oei era (1394-1427), there appeared a person in history as Mandokoro shitsujidai (deputy steward of the administration office), and Mitsuhide MATSUDA, Hideoki MATSUDA and Kazuhide MATSUDA were appointed as Kunin bugyo, the head of bugyonin (magistrates).
- 一方、祇園町南側(とくに花見小路通周辺)は女紅場学園所有であるために乱開発は逃れ、歴史的風景特別修景地区に指定された。
- On the other hand, the south area of Gion around the Hanamikoji-dori Street was spared from rampant development because the area was owned by Nyokoba-gakuen School, and was designated as a Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District.
- 特に現在も門前町としての歴史的風致をとどめている地区は重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定されて保存措置が講じられている。
- Districts that remain historic landscapes as monzen-machi are designated Important Traditional Building Preservation Areas so that preservative measures can be taken.
- このように、戦前・戦後を通じて、歴史学の観点から万世一系が歴史的な事実であるかについて、疑問がなされてきた経緯がある。
- As described above, during both the prewar and the postwar periods, scholars often doubted the validity of the unbroken Imperial line from the historical point of view.
- その為、世界各地の文化文明や神々や宗教と繋がり、美術や彫刻、歴史的な物語や故事などにもよく登場する普遍的な物でもある。
- Therefore, it has been related to culture, civilization, gods and religions in various parts of the world, and often represented in art, sculpture, historical stories and tradition universally.
- 以上の詳細は高森直史の『海軍 肉じゃが物語 ルーツ発掘者が語る海軍食文化史』(光人社 2006年)に詳しい叙述がある。
- Details of the above mentioned story are found in 'Navy Nikujaga Story: a Root Finder Tells a History of Food Culture in the Navy' (Kojinsha, 2006).
- 醤油は長い歴史の中で、地方ごとの食文化に適したものが好まれ、作られてきたため、地方ごとに物性面・官能面の傾向が異なる。
- Soy-sauce has been developed over a long period of history to meet the demands of food culture according to region, and tendencies on physical aspect and sensual aspect vary in each region.
- 「越前鳥子」の文字は他の史料にも多くあり、室町中期には越前の鳥の子が良質なものとして、持てはやされるようになっている。
- The word of 'Echizen torinoko' is often seen in other historical documents, and torinoko paper made in Echizen Province was popular as good quality paper during the mid-Muromachi period.
- The word 'Echizen torinoko' is often seen in the other historical documents, and torinoko paper made in Echizen Province was popular as a good quality paper during the mid-Muromachi period.
- 1995年、美術史家の米倉迪夫(当時東京国立文化財研究所)により、伝源頼朝像は足利直義像であるとする新説が発表された。
- In 1995, Michio YONEKURA, an art historian (belonged to Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties at that time), announced a new theory that the portrait of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, unconfirmed was a portrait of Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA.
- いずれの説も、明治以降の空手家、研究者の唱える説であって、それぞれの説を裏付ける明確な歴史資料が存在するわけではない。
- All these theories were proposed after the Meiji period by karate experts and researchers, but none of them is supported by specific historical documents.
- 特に近代以降を発祥とする都市祭礼のなかで見られ、戦後に観光業振興のため地域の歴史的資源が着目されて創始された例が多い。
- Particularly, the Jidai Gyoretsu often takes place in urban festivals, which were begun in the modern era and in many cases, is intended to promote tourism in the postwar era by focusing on local historical resources.
- また、同じように戦後不振であった上方落語が1970年頃に復興し、1980年頃からは漫才に史上空前の大ブームが始まった。
- Kamigata Rakugo (traditional Japanese comic storytelling performed in the Kyoto-Osaka region), which like kabuki had been in slump after World War II, was restored around 1970 and an unprecedented boom in manzai (standup comics) occurred around 1980.
- 1963年(昭和38年)には史上最年少(46歳)で日本芸術院会員、1968年、重要無形文化財(人間国宝)に認定された。
- He was certified as the youngest (forty-six years old) member of the Japan Art Academy in 1963 and an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1968.
- 『産経新聞』紙上で連載された「教科書が教えない歴史」の反響から執筆者達は新しい歴史教科書をつくる会(つくる会)を作った。
- Due to reverberations from a serial publication in the 'Sankei Shimbun' titled 'History that the textbooks don't teach,' a creative group composed of the authors that was called the 'Tsukuru kai' was established to write a new history textbook.
- 歴史学界では、女性天皇は皇統(皇室の男子血統)の断絶を忌避し、男系での継承を維持したという「女帝中継ぎ論」が通説である。
- Throughout history, there is the generally known theory of 'female Emperor's temporarily succeeding' to avoided the discontinuation of the Imperial lineage (Imperial male line), and to keep the Imperial succession in the male line.
- 現代のアカデミズムに属する学者による標準的な日本古代の歴史叙述では、この時代は主として考古学を証拠として記述されている。
- In standard historical description of ancient history of Japan by scholars of academism today, this period has been written based on mainly archaeology as evidence.
- (ただし、この地区指定は栽培地域の歴史的経緯に基づくものであり、必ずしも生産される米の品質を反映しているわけではない。)
- (however, the designation of the area as a good rice-producing land is based on the historical association with that particular production area, and this does not necessarily reflect the quality of rice produced there.)
- 明治期には郷土史家により勤皇家や郷土の英雄として信玄像を位置づけることを目的とする研究や、戦史中心の研究が行われていた。
- During the Meiji period, researchers of local history conducted the study mainly on war history with the aim of characterizing Shingen as an imperialist or a local hero.
- 嶋原の歴史は古く、日本で最初の公許された花街であり室町時代に「九条の里」という傾城局が設置されたのが始まりだといわれる。
- Shimabara has a long history, and is believed to have been the first officially acknowledged hanamachi and have started with the opening of the 'Keisei no tsubone' (a courtesan house) called 'Kujo no Sato.'
- この霊場を札所とした巡礼は日本で最も歴史がある巡礼行であり、現在でも「西国三十三所巡礼」として多くの参拝者が訪れている。
- A pilgrimage to visit these holy places as the fudasho temples (a temple of pilgrimage where pilgrims originally nailed a 'fuda,' or wooden votive plate, to the pillar or ceiling of the temple) is the oldest form of pilgrimage in Japan, and is still enjoyed today by many worshipers as the Saigoku Sanjusankasho Junrei (Pilgrimage).
- 現在の歴史学界では、継体が応神の5世孫かどうかは不明とするが、中央豪族の支持を得て即位したのは事実とする説が有力である。
- Widely-accepted theory in the present Japanese historical community is that Keitai was enthroned with the approval of central ruling families, while the question of his origin as the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin remains unsolved.
- 明治維新後の政治体制を、絶対王政とみなし「絶対主義天皇制」と規定したのは、主に唯物史観を取り入れた左派の歴史学者である。
- It was the left-wing historians with the materialist concept who called the political system after the Meiji Restoration as 'Absolute Tennosei' regarding it as absolute monarchism.
- それでも歴史学の一環、あるいは日本文学研究の一環として研究が行われ続け、佐藤誠実・和田英松などの優れた研究家を輩出した。
- Even so, studies continued as part of history and Japanese literature research, and outstanding researchers such as Jojitsu SATO and Hidematsu WADA emerged.
- 日本の忘年会の歴史は鎌倉時代もしくは室町時代に始まったと言われていて、和歌を詠むなど静かで厳かな内容だったとされている。
- It is said that the history of Bonenkai of Japan began in the Kamakura or Muromachi period and it is thought that behavior of people at Bonenkai was quiet and solemn such as composing waka poems.
- また中華文明圏に由来する神農の神は、そもそも漢方薬の神であり、日本においても薬は漢方由来のものが歴史的にも多く存在した。
- Shinno was originally from Chinese Civilization and was the god of Chinese medicine, from which many historical traditional medicines were derived in Japan.
- 寛文7年(1667年)に出版された着物図案帳「御ひいなかた」に「ぢしろ 茶やそめ」と書かれた説明が歴史上の初出とされる。
- The kimono design book 'On-hiinakata' published in 1667, which includes the description 'ground color, Chaya-some,' is considered to be the first historical appearance.
- また、歴史学的・考古学的信頼度については「たとえ誤って指定されたとしても、祭祀を行っている場所が天皇陵である」としている。
- Commenting on the historical and archaeological reliability of identification, the Imperial Household Agency also maintains that sites where mausoleum rituals are performed are imperial mausoleums even if they are wrongly designated as such.
- 明智光秀が織田信長を討ち死にさせた後、豊臣秀吉が光秀を討つまでの史実を、『真書太閤記』『絵本太閤記』からとり脚色したもの。
- It was based on a historical fact in a time between Akechi MITSUHIDE driving Nobunaga ODA into death and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI killing Mitsuhide, extracted from 'Shinsho Taikoki'and 'Ehon Taikoki'and staged.
- 当時大学生だった鴻上尚史はオーディションに合格したが、当日の都合で参加できず、石田純一はオーディションに落とされたという。
- Although Shoji KOKAMI, a university student at the time, passed the audition, he was unable to take part in filming, and Junichi ISHIDA was unsuccessful at audition.
- 後鳥羽院(ごとば-(の)-いん)は中世屈指にして史上有数の歌人であり、その歌作は同時代および後代に大きな影響を与えている。
- Go-Toba (no)-in was one of the greatest, most outstanding poets of the Medieval period; his poems had an enormous impact on the later periods.
- 確かに、『日本書紀』の天智天皇と一部の歴史書に掲載される天武天皇の享年をもとに生年を逆算すれば、天武が年長となってしまう。
- It is apparent that Emperor Temmu was older than Emperor Tenchi (Tenji) after tracing back their ages according to the Emperor Tenchi's (Tenji's) age at death in 'Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)' and the Emperor Temmu's age at death in other history books.
- 』との反論、また「日本書紀」と指摘されているその他歴史書は編纂された時代も性質も異なる為、同一には扱えないとの意見もある。
- Some people have said that because 'Chronicles of Japan (Nihon Shoki)' and other indicated history books are edited in different years and they are different in character, they cannot be treated alike.'
- また確たる史料はないものの亘理郡の有力者で五位に叙せられ、陸奥の在庁官人として権守候補であった可能性は高いと見られている。
- It is also thought that Tsunekiyo was an influential person in Watari County who was titled Goi (Fifth Rank) and that it is very likely that he was a candidate for Gon no kami (a provisional governor) of Mutsu Province among zaichokanjin (locally hired government officials during the Heian period), although there are no historical materials that can validate it for sure.
- 東北地方は弥生時代以降も続縄文文化や擦文文化に属する人々が北海道から南下して住み着くなど、関東以南とは異なる歴史を辿った。
- In and after the Yayoi period, people who belonged to the Jomon culture (an ancient culture in Japan) or the Satsumon culture (an ancient culture in Hokkaido) continually moved southward from Hokkaido to settle in the Tohoku region; therefore, historically the Tohoku region followed a different path from that of the region south of Kanto.
- なお、一部の参考書ならびに歴史書では、即位前の用明天皇を「橘豊日皇子(たちばなのとよひのみこ)」と表記しているものがある。
- Meanwhile, in some reference and history books, Emperor Yomei's name before his enthronement is referred to as 'Tachibana no Toyohi no miko.'
- 弓矢が日本の歴史の中で公家や武家にとって重要であったことから、矢筒も様々に変化し、儀礼用や戦いのためのものなど細分化した。
- Since Yumiya had been important for kuge and samurai families in Japanese history, Yazutsu also had changed and segmentalized for ceremonies and for battles.
- 古代までにはなんらかの弓術、礼式の形はあったと考えられるが、しかし史料も乏しく史実としての古代の弓射の実体は解っていない。
- It is suspected that some forms of Kyuju and codes of etiquette existed in ancient times, but there is little historical data to explain Yumiire in ancient times.
- 2006年10月6日には、「御食国」の歴史を持つ近畿地方の以下の6つの自治体が集まり、「御食国サミット」の初会合が開かれた。
- On October 6, 2006, the autonomous communities in the Kinki area, that had a history of 'Miketsukuni,' gathered and held their first meeting as a 'Miketsukuni Summit.'
- 中国の史書『宋書』夷蛮伝・倭国条(倭国伝)には、5世紀に冊封された倭の五王(讃・珍・済・興・武)についての記述が残っている。
- There is description about the five kings of Wa (San, Chin, Sai, Ko, and Bu) remaining in the Chinese history book in the 5th century, 'Sosho (Sung Shu)' Ibanden, Wakokujo (Wakokuden, or description about Wakoku).
- 一方、高松城主・清水宗治と対峙していた真柴久吉は、これを知ると宗治を切腹させ、急ぎ小梅川(史実の小早川)と和睦を成立させる。
- On the other hand, Hisayoshi MASHIBA who faced off against the Takamatsu castellan, Muneharu SHIMIZU ordered hara-kiri and immediately made peace with Kobaigawa (from historical fact, Kobayakawa).
- 歌舞伎はその歴史的経緯から庶民的娯楽の側面が強く、常識の範疇でマナーを守れば本来、あまり緊張し肩肘はって観劇する必要はない。
- Kabuki has been developed as popular entertainment, therefore, the audience doesn't need to get tensed up as long as they have good manners using common sense.
- 政治史という性質・史料の制約などもあり、証明は困難ではあるが、考古学的成果との連携などとも含め、今後の研究の進展が待たれる。
- It is hard to prove, since this is about political history with limited data; however, it is expected to have clearer information from close study in relation to the findings of archaeology.
- それに対し、民俗文化財は前述の文化財保護法にあるように次のように規定されており、歴史資料ないし史料としての側面が重視される。
- On the other hand, the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties mentioned earlier states folk-cultural properties as follows, emphasizing the historical material aspect.
- 村名変更後は「月ヶ瀬梅林」の表記が一般的であり、『月ヶ瀬村史』においても「月ヶ瀬梅林」「月ヶ瀬梅渓」の表記で統一されている。
- After the village name change, 'Tsukigase Bairin' became the common term, and the names are unified as 'Tsukigase Bairin' and 'Tsukigase Baikei' in 'Tsukigase Sonshi' (Tsukigase Village History).
- (同年の『三国史記』の新羅本紀にも伽耶が反乱を起こしたため、軍隊を送り、白旗を立てて敵を驚かせたという似た記述が見られる。)
- (Also, the Silla History in 'History of Three Kingdom' edited in the same year similarly describe that Silla sent the army to Gaya during Gaya rebellion, and astonished its enemies by waving white flags.)
- 「天皇の歴史というものを知ることによって、自分自身の中に皇族はどうあるべきかということが次第に形作られてくるのではないか。」
- I believe that I would gradually find the ideal image of the Imperial family by learning the history of the emperor.'
- 「礼儀作法といえば小笠原」といわれるほどのマナー作法における正統流派だが、その歴史は鎌倉時代にまでさかのぼる武家作法の高家。
- The school is so well-known as a school of traditional etiquette that it is said that 'etiquette is Ogasawara' and its history can be traced back to the Kamakura-period high-ranking family involved in teaching samurai etiquette.
- しかし高橋氏文の史料批判の程度とともに、膳部山の記載は江戸時代に初めて登場し、膳氏と膳部山との関連性は低いと主張する説もある。
- However, with the level of critics of historical materials on Takahashi uji bumi, the description of Mt. Zenbu first appeared during the Edo period, so some say the relationship between the Kashiwade clan and Mt. Zenbu was low key.
- そのため、天皇家の祖先にまつわる伝承や事績、および初期の天皇の実在については、歴史学的にはその実在性を疑問視されることが多い。
- Because of that, the actual existence of folklores and achievements relating to the ancestors of the Imperial Family and the existence of the Emperors in the early days are usually seen with doubt.
- また、在位年数を十年とする史料が『梅松論』しか存在しないことから、和談においては皇太子即位しか決まらなかったとする見解もある。
- Furthermore, since only 'Baishoron' (Historical tale compiled in 1349) shows that the period of reign was made ten years, some believe that only the decision on the heir to the throne was made as a Compromise.
- しかしこの原則を古代史に当てはめると、皇室の歴史を直接疑うことにつながる故に、長らく本格的な史料批判は行われないままであった。
- However, if this principle was applied to ancient history, this would lead directly to doubt the history of Imperial Family, therefore, historical documents concerning the Imperial Family had not been criticized in earnest for a long time.
- たとえば明治の歴史学者那珂通世は『日本書紀』の記述を批判して、記紀の紀年は「辛酉革命説」に基づく編者の創作であろうと論考した。
- For example, a historian Michiyo NAKA in the Meiji period criticized the description in Nihonshoki and explained that Kinen in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki had probably been made up by the editor on the basis of 'Shinyu-kakumei-setsu' (a prediction of revolution in Kanototori of the Chinese astrological calendar).
- また、翌天長10年(833年)には、淳和天皇の勅に従い菅原清公らとともに令義解を編纂し、日本法制史にも大きな足跡を残している。
- Additionally, in the following year, 833, he compiled Ryo no gige (Clarification of Code) with SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi and others, under Emperor Junna's order, leaving a major impact in Japan's legal history.
- 元暦元年三月十八日(実際に戦いのあった歴史的日付は文治元年2月)海に浮かぶ平氏の軍団と、それを攻める源氏義経軍との合戦である。
- It was a battle of an offshore fleet of the Taira clan against forces of the Minamoto clan led by Yoshitsune, on May 7, 1184 (the historical date for the actual battle was March, 1185).
- 通常は江戸時代に町の骨格が形成され、幕末から明治・大正時代に建てられた建築がある程度残っている町並みを「歴史的町並み」という。
- Normally, 'historical townscape' is used for towns that had their structures formed during the Edo period, and for those that still retain some of the buildings that were constructed during the period between the end of the Edo period to the Meiji and Taisho periods.
- 1983年(昭和58年)6月 - 福知山市出身の文部大臣である谷垣専一が死去すると同時に、史上2番目の名誉市民として選ばれる。
- June 1983: Senichi TANIGAKI, the Minister of Education from Fukuchiyama City, was selected as the second honorary citizen in history at the same time of his passing
- すなわち『上宮記』逸文がのっている『釈日本紀』には「上宮記曰一伝」という記述があるが、『上宮記』の作者は別史料を引用している。
- The surviving fragment of 'Joguki' can be seen in 'Shaku Nihongi' (annotated text of the Nihon Shoki) which quotes it with the phrase 'According to Joguki', but the author of 'Joguki' actually had quoted yet another historical material.
- その13年後の795年、淡路から和泉国に移されたのを最後に、史料上での消息が途切れる事から、この頃に亡くなったものと思われる。
- Due to the fact that there is no further mention of her in historical materials after being moved from Awaji to Izumi Province 13 years later in 795, it is believed she died around this time.
- 伝承者として、歌舞を業として畿内を巡遊する芸能集団の存在が窺われ、物語素材も史実とはかけ離れた芸能的世界の所産であろうという。
- As the memory keeper, there may possibly have been some entertainment groups which traveled around the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals Nara and Kyoto) with dancing and singing being their profession, suggesting a possibility that the material of the story may be product of the entertainment world which is far from the historical fact.
- 「この規定と、国民の幸せを常に願っていた天皇の歴史に思いを致し、国と国民のために尽くすことが天皇の務めであると思っています。」
- Considering this provision and the successive emperors always wishing people's happiness, I believe that serving the country and the people to the best of my ability is the duty imposed on the Emperor.'
- 食糧管理法の時代は、収量の大きい米の栽培ばかりが促進されたために、多くの優れた酒米が絶滅した(参考日本酒の歴史昭和時代後期)。
- In the era of the Staple Food Control Law, because the cultivation of rice that gave large yields was promoted, many excellent sakamai varieties were extinguished.
- 日本における散楽の歴史を紐解く上で資料となるのは、それが宮中で行われていた時代の史書『続日本紀』や『日本三代実録』などである。
- Materials useful for understanding the history of Sangaku in Japan are 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan Continued) and 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts), both are history books written in the era when Sangaku was performed at Imperial court.
- ただし、珠光を含めこれら4名は、本人による文献史料がほとんど残っておらず、多くが伝承であり、その茶の本質を知るのは困難である。
- Since there are few historical materials written or recorded by these four people including Juko, much of the information now available is based on legend and it is hard to really know the nature of their styles of tea ceremony.
- 月岡芳年は繊細で写生を重視した絵柄で無惨絵ばかりでなく数多くの歴史画、風俗画をてがけ、「最後の浮世絵師」と呼ばれるようになる。
- Yoshitoshi TSUKIOKA, with his delicate, sketching-oriented patterns, drew not only Muzan-e but also many Rekishiga (historical paintings) and Fuzokuga, and came to be called 'The last Ukiyoe artist.'
- なお皇室制度について、一般には「天皇制」が広く用いられるが、天皇制とは本来コミンテルンの用語であり、歴史用語としては適当でない。
- Further about the system of the Imperial Household, the word 'Tennosei' (Emperor system) is used generally, but Tennosei is originally a word for the Comintern, and it is not appropriate for it to be used as a historical term.
- 兵庫県川西市では清和源氏の祖、多田満仲の本拠地であったところから、その歴史にちなんで「源氏のふるさと」として地域振興をしている。
- Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture, home to the founder of Seiwa-Genji, TADA no Manju, is promoting regional development as the 'hometown of Minamoto clan,' based on its history.
- 天橋立物語 その文化と歴史と保全 - 岩垣雄一 著 (2007年7月、技報堂出版) ISBN 978-4-7655-1721-8
- The Story of Amanohashidate: Its Culture, History, and Preservation - Yuichi IWAGAKI (July 2007, Gihodo Shuppan) ISBN 978-4-7655-1721-8
- 歴史的に皇位は、長幼の序を重んじつつ、本人の能力や外戚の勢力を考慮して決定され、長男であれば必ず皇太子になれるとは限らなかった。
- Historically, the Imperial Throne was determined by considering choyo no jo (a uniform order between senior and junior) and capabilities of children and influences of maternal relatives, and the first son could not always become crown prince.
- 日本神話に登場する初代の天皇・神武天皇から現在まで、天皇の王朝が断絶せずに皇室が日本を一貫して統治してきたとする史観を形作った。
- The article of the Nihon Shoki created the historical view that from the first Emperor Jinmu to the current Emperor, the Imperial family was never broken and had consistently ruled Japan.
- 団扇の歴史は、その意匠(形状、材質、構造)ならびに機能・用途、意味・意義、背景・時代の特徴からみて、主に5つの時代に分類できる。
- The history of Uchiwa fan can mainly be categorized into five periods according to its design (shape, material, and structure), function and purpose, meaning and significance, background and period it existed.
- 実際には各流派には様々な歴史的経緯の上で、上記(1)・(2)の各種に重点を置いた思想・教えがあり、それが流派の特徴となっている。
- Each school has their own philosophy and teaching methods which emphasize the above (1) (2) varieties from different historical processes that distinguish each school.
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあったことは注目に値する。
- It is notable that akari shoji with lacquered framework was used in a house built in the manner of Heian period palatial architecture and in the historical development of akari shoji, it was considered to be a kind of shitsurai equivalent to fusuma.
- 西南戦争における功により、同年10月10日に隆盛に次いで史上二人目の陸軍大将に任命され、11月2日には大勲位菊花大綬章を受章した。
- Due to his achievements in the Seinan War, he became only the second person in history to be appointed to the position of Rikugun Taisho (Military General), and received the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum on November 2.
- ただしこの薬師寺の建立地は飛鳥であり、現在の地ではない(現在、この薬師寺の址として奈良県橿原市に本薬師寺址という史跡が存在する)。
- Yakushi-ji Temple was built in Asuka and later moved to the present location. (The original site of Yakushi-ji Temple is located in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture, and now is called Moto-yakushi-ji Temple (former Yakushi-ji Temple).)
- 歴史的に古く鳶職の職能の一部だったが、最近は高度に工業化されたコンピューター制御のジャッキアップシステムを駆使する専門業者も多い。
- Although hikiya worker had a long history and was engaged in a part of occupational competence required by tobishoku, many specialists nowadays use the jack up system controlled by highly-industrialized computers.
- 有形の民俗文化財であって、その目的、内容等が歴史的変遷、時代的特色、地域的特色、技術的特色、生活様式の特色又は職能の様相を示すもの
- A tangible folk cultural property whose purpose, details, etc. indicate the historical transition, the historical characteristic, the regional characteristic, the technical characteristic, the lifestyle characteristic or the vocational aspect.
- 混同される事も多いが、東日本の小麦粉澱粉を発酵させて作る久寿餅と西日本の本葛から作る葛餅は製法・歴史的経緯含め全く別のものである。
- Though these two kinds of kuzumochi are often confused, those of eastern Japan made of fermenting wheat flour starch and those in western Japan made of hon-kuzu (real kudzu powder) are completely different from each other, including their recipes and historical backgrounds.
- 1959年(昭和34年)6月 - 福知山市出身の内閣総理大臣である芦田均が死去すると同時に、史上初の福知山名誉市民として選ばれる。
- June 1959: Hitoshi ASHIDA, the prime minister from Fukuchiyama City, was selected as the first honorary citizen of Fukuchiyama in history at the same time as his passing.
- 政策は、唐で安史の乱が発生した為、九州の警備を強化したが、仲麻呂が推進した新羅討伐計画を許可し、官位も唐風の名称に改めるなどした。
- Due to the occurrence of the Anshi Rebellion in Tang, Emperor Junnin tightened the security in Kyushu; however, he allowed Nakamaro to pursue the plan to subjugate Silla and also changed the names of official ranks to Chinese style.
- 歴史学者の塚口義信氏は、『新撰姓氏録』左京皇別に見える百済王 (皇族) (百済親王)に同一人としているものの、確かとは思われない。
- Yosinobu TSUKAGUCHI, a historian, insisted that he was the same person as Kudara no okimi who appeared in Sakyo Kobetsu (clans branched out from the Imperial Family) in 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility); however, it does not seem to be certain.
- この歴史上有名なメキシコ壁画運動にはディエゴ・リベラ、ダビッド・アルファロ・シケイロス、ホセ・クレメンテ・オロスコらの作家がいる。
- Artists who were supporting a famous historic movement, the Mexican wall painting Movement, were Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and Jose Clemente Orozco.
- しかし源流は、幕の内弁当が本膳料理の流れを汲むものであるのに対し、松花堂弁当は懐石料理の流れを汲むものであり、歴史は大きく異なる。
- However, the history of Shokado and Makunouchi boxed meals differ substantially: Makunouchi bento has its origin in honzen ryori (formally arranged dinner), while Shokado bento has its origin in Kaiseski tea ceremony dishes.
- 儒教の長い歴史の間には、古文・今文の争い、喪に服する期間、仏教との思想的関係、理や気の捉え方など様々な論争があって枚挙に暇がない。
- In the long history of Ju-kyo, there is an endless list of various disputes including, the dispute between Kobun and Kinbun, the period of time to observe mourning, relation with Buddhism in terms of thought, and view towards law and Qi.
- 実は大寺院という存在が、歴史のある時期、特に平安時代・中世などに、酒造りの中心となることは世界史的に見てもめずらしいことではない。
- In fact, from the perspective of world history, Japan is not unique in that major temples play a primary role in the brewing industry during a certain historical period, especially in the Heian period or medieval times.
- ただし、「怪物」については、日本の民間信仰で伝承されていないもの、また創作の妖怪で歴史の浅いものや、海外の民間伝承されてきたもの。
- However, 'kaibutsu' refers to those that were not passed down through Japanese folk religion, fabricated yokai characters with a short history or those in folklores from overseas.
- 万世一系の立場からは、女系天皇は即位しても神武天皇以来の皇統に属さず、その結果として日本史上初の王朝交代が生じる、ということになる。
- From the perspective of an unbroken line of Emperors, a Female-line Emperor doesn't belong to the imperial lineage originating from Emperor Jinmu even if he/she ascended to the throne, therefore, leading to the first-ever dynastic change in Japan.
- これに対しては、すでに天皇家が長く統治してきた歴史があるのに、改めて皇統君臨の原則を定める必要がどこにあるのかという疑問が出される。
- Toward this, some people pose a question on the reason why the Emperor's family needed to set up anew the principle of dominance by the imperial line, having had enjoyed until then a long history of sovereignty.
- 鉄鼠の物語は平安末期における仏教界の激しい勢力争いを背景としたものであり、また、当時の鼠害(そがい)の様子を今に伝える史料でもある。
- Behind the background of the tale of Tesso was intense power struggle in the Buddhist region at the end of the Heian period and also it is a historical material to pass on to today the picture of the sogai (rat damage) at that time.
- この見解は中国絵画史に大きな影響を与えたが、董其昌の主張は対立する北宗画を攻撃する狙いもあり、その理論の組み立ては恣意的な点が多い。
- His opinion made a great influence on the history of Chinese paintings, but his theory was structured on much arbitrariness, for Dong Qichang's claims were also aimed to attack the Hokusoga that stood in opposition.
- 他にも世界中の煉瓦を集めた赤れんが博物館や、舞鶴市の歴史や風俗を展示した舞鶴市政記念館なども整備されており、観光名所ともなっている。
- Other sightseeing spots include the Aka Renga Museum having a collection of bricks from all over the world and the Maizuru Municipal Administrative Museum exhibiting the history and customs of Maizuru City.
- このため、古い史跡や町並み、文化などが数多く存在することから、日本で有数の観光都市・国際観光文化都市であり、国内外から旅行客が多い。
- Therefore, Kyoto City still has a wealth of old historic sites, old streets and culture, making it one of the major tourist cities and centers of international tourism and culture for people from around the world.
- その他にも、ごく一部の保守的な日本史や日本文学などのアマチュア愛好家、神道(国家神道)の関係者、全日本居合道連盟などが使用している。
- In addition, it is used by a small proportion of amateur devotees of the conservative history of Japan and Japanese literature, persons concerned with Shinto religion (State Shinto), All Japan Iai Do Federation, etc.
- ちなみに、太皇太后宮職の設置がはじめて史料的に確認できるのは貞観 (日本)6年(864年)に太皇太后となった藤原順子のケースである。
- Taikotaigogushiki was established for the first time for FUJIWARA no Junshi who became Grand Empress Dowager in 864 according to historical documents.
- 古くから、億計・弘計2王の発見物語は典型的な貴種流離譚であって劇的な要素が強く、そのままには史実として信じ難いことが指摘されてきた。
- From long ago it has been pointed out that the story of discovery of the noble two brothers, the elder Oke no miko and the younger Oke no miko, is a typical Kishuryuri-tan (a type of folktales in which a young deity or nobleman gets over trials to be a god or a blessed) with a strong dramatic element and the story per se is hard to believe as the historical fact.
- なお、『水鏡』・『愚管抄』・『神皇正統記』・『本朝皇胤紹運録』など、中世の史書 ・系譜類に継体の祖父として記されている、「私斐王」。
- Additionally, this grandfather of the Emperor Keita was written as 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in historical books and genealogy tables during the Medieval Period; such as: 'Mizu Kagami' (Japanese historical book); 'Gukansho' ('Jottings of a Fool'; a Japanese historical book written by Jien, a Buddhist priest of the Tendi sect.); the 'Jinno Shotoki' ('Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors'; a Japanese historical book written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE); and the 'Honcho koin jounroku' (family tree charts of emperors and imperial families in Japan).
- 南部杜氏伝承館、南部杜氏会館、南部杜氏歴史民族資料館、石鳥谷農業伝承館など多くの南部杜氏に関する歴史や文物の展示施設が点在している。
- Many exhibition facilities for history and documents and materials concerning Nanbu toji such as Nanbu Toji Denshokan (museum of tradition of Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Kaikan (clubhouse for Nanbu toji), Nanbu Toji Rekishi Minzoku Shiryokan (museum of historical and cultural materials concerning Nanbu toji), and Ishidoriya Nogyo Denshokan (Ishidoriya museum of agricultural tradition) are scattered.
- しかし、藤原道長の日記『御堂関白記』など当時の史料によると、下毛野公時という優秀な近衛兵(随身)が道長に仕えていたことは確かである。
- According to historical materials at that time such as FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary, 'Mido Kanpakuki,' an excellent guardsman named SHIMOTSUKENU no Kintoki served Michinaga.
- 歴史的経緯や国際化の進展によって、標識や看板などで英語や朝鮮語(韓国語)、中国語、ロシア語などの併記も行われるようになってきている。
- Due to this historical background and advanced globalization, signs and signboards came to also contain descriptions in English, Korean, Chinese and/or Russian along with Japanese ones.
- 礼法だけが独立したように取り扱われることがあるが、その歴史的背景から、弓と馬と礼の三つが揃ってはじめて小笠原流とするのが適切である。
- Occasionally, only manners are taught but, taking into account the historical background, the Ogasawara-ryu can only be considered complete with the three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy'.
- キリスト教圏は一夫一妻制なので、どの国でも歴史上、男系男子の断絶により女系の王族が即位し、新たに王朝を開くということがしばしばあった。
- Since countries where Christianity is believed have a monogynous system, a female-line royal family member often ascended to the throne and started a dynasty due to the discontinuity of male-line.
- 兄・後深草の系統を持明院統、弟・亀山の系統を大覚寺統というが、これが日本史上最大の皇位迭立となり、後世に大きな影響を与えることとなる。
- The older brother, Emperor Gofukakusa's line was called the Jimyoin Imperial line, and the younger brother, Emperor Kameyama's line was called the Daikakuji Imperial line, this example of sharing the throne was the biggest event in Japanese history that had a great impact on the later period.
- ここから、1447年頃に30歳ぐらいで少なくとも3人の子息がいたことは明らかだが、それ以外のことは史料が少なく、事績も全く不詳である。
- From this, it is apparent that he was around 30 years old and had at least three sons in circa 1447, but there are few historical materials other than these facts, and his achievements are unknown.
- しかし、この書は史料としての信憑性については異論(1386年説・1424年説など)も多く、詳しい事績については不明なままとなっている。
- However, there are many doubts about the reliability of this book as a historical record (1386 theory, 1424 theory, etc.), and the details about their achievements remain unknown.
- 茂子自身は若くして亡くなったが、これ以後茂子の実家である閑院流からは歴代天皇の后や生母が次々と輩出、院政期の歴史に大きく関わっていく。
- Although Moshi died young, there were Empresses or birth mothers of successive Emperors came from her family, Kanin line one after another, and it made big influence to the history of the politics during cloister government.
- 同時代史料である「帝系図」写本に義良親王の名を「義儀」と誤記してあり、これは本来「儀義」であって「のりよし」と読んだものと推測される。
- In a written copy of Teikeizu, a historical document written in the same period as Kikunsho, the Prince's name that should have been written as 儀義 was miswritten as 義儀, therefore, it can be surmised that his name was pronounced as 'Noriyoshi.'
- (後、喜村山城他一連の城は滅亡し、一方、松山城は存続し繁栄したことから、後世において、史実が主従逆転し、錯誤して伝えられることになる。
- (Later, because Kimurayama-jo Castle and other related castles were destroyed and Matsuyama-jo Castle continued to exist and enjoyed prosperity, the historical fact was reversed and, as a consequence, incorrect history was passed down to future generations.
- また、日本は君民一体の国柄で、他国のように臣下や他民族が皇位を簒奪することがなく、臣民は常に天皇を尊崇してきたとする歴史観を形成した。
- During this period, the following historical view was formed; and in Japan, the Imperial family and common people were united with each other, and unlike other countries, the Japanese Imperial throne had never been wrested by subjects or been invaded by other countries, and Japanese people always paid respect to emperors.
- 東洋史学者の江上波夫(えがみ なみお)は、馬に乗る民族が日本に渡って来て、今日に至る王朝を樹立したとする騎馬民族征服王朝説を発表した。
- Naoki EGAMI published his opinion that equestrian people moved to Japan in ancient times, and they established the Japanese dynasty which lasts until today.
- 志計志麻呂の記録はなく、土佐で死去したと思われるが、弟とされる川継が入れ替わるように史書に登場するため、両者を同一人物とする説もある。
- As there is no record of Shikeshimaro found, it is assumed that he died in Tosa Province, but Kawatsugu, supposed to be his brother, appeared in the historical book as if replacing Shikeshimaro, so that some theories claim that the two of them were the same person.
- 明かり障子の歴史的発展の過程で、漆の塗子の縁が寝殿造りに使用され、襖障子と同様な室礼としての位置付けがあった事は、興味深いことである。
- It is interesting to note that in the historical process of development of Akari-shoji, the edge of lacquered Nuriko (thing to be coated with) was used in Shinden-zukuri house and considered as Shitsurai the same as Fusuma Shoji.
- 美術史上の価値はもちろん、当時の都市や建築を知る史料であるとともに、武士や公家から庶民までの生活が細密に書き込まれており、貴重である。
- It is not only valuable from the viewpoint of art history, but also from the viewpoint of historical material to know the city and architecture of the time, and also valuable as the picture depicts, in a elaborated manner, the life of samurai, court nobles, and common folks.
- 古典文学として上記のようなストーリーとなった七夕説話であるが、長い歴史の中で中国各地の民話として様々なバリエーションを生じるに至った。
- Though the above is the classical story of the tanabata anecdote, various folk stories based on this anecdote were created at many places in China over a long period of history.
- 寛弘4年(1007年)正月、12歳の時に一品親王准后の位を授けられ、本封の外千戸を加えられた(この時の詔書が『大日本史』に載っている)。
- On New Years Day in 1007, she was granted the rank of Ippon Shinno (The first rank Imperial Prince) Jugo (honorary rank next to the three Empresses: Great Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress) at the age of twelve, and 本封の外千戸 was added (the Shosho (imperial edict, decree) she received at that time was contained in 'Dainihonshi')
- 従って現在では高見王を実在しなかった人物とし、子とされる平高望は父とされる葛原親王の子であったとする説を主張する歴史研究家は少なくない。
- Accordingly, there are not a few historians who hold the view that Prince Takami was not a real person and TAIRA no Takamochi, who is presumed his son, was actually the son of Imperial Prince Kuzuwara presumed to be his father.
- 子として文章博士三善文江や式部省三善文明、僧侶の浄蔵・日蔵が知られるが、文明の子・三善道統が文章博士になったのを最後に歴史から姿を消す。
- Kiyoyuki's sons include a Monjo hakase Fumie MIYOSHI, a Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonies) official Fumiaki MIYOSHI, and the priests Jozo and Nichizo; and Fumiaki's son Michimune MIYOSHI who was also a Monjo hakase, was the last Miyoshi who left his mark in the history.
- 「物語の出できはじめの親なる『竹取の翁』」という表現で、『竹取物語』が歴史的に最初の物語文学である事が、『源氏物語』の中に語られている。
- In 'The Tale of Genji' there is a description that 'Taketori Monogatari' (The Tale of the Bamboo-Cutter) is the first chronicle in history expressing 'Taketori no Okina,' the father of the beginning of the tales.'
- 当時、民間には、天皇をめぐる各種の意見が生じたが、戦前、皇国史観のために被害を受けた津田左右吉なども天皇自体の存在は否定しないと言明した。
- Various opinions about the Emperor arose in between the people at that time, and even Sokichi TSUDA and others, who had suffered from Kokoku Shikan (Imperial view of Japanese history), declared not to deny the existence of the Emperor.
- 外国版では、国内版の一部シーンが日本の歴史を知らない外国人には理解しにくいとの理由でカットされた(上杉謙信が、信玄の訃報を聞く場面など)。
- Some scenes from the domestic version were cut for the international version, because they were difficult for foreigners unfamiliar with Japanese history to understand (like the scene where Kenshin UESUGI hears the news of Shingen's death).
- 歴史資料に三十三所巡礼が表れるのは、1090年(寛治4年)の近江国園城寺(三井寺)の僧・行尊による「観音霊場三十三所巡礼記」が最初である。
- The first historical document to refer to the Sanjusankasho junrei (pilgrimage) was the 'Kannon Reijo Sanjusankasho Junrei-ki' (Memoirs of the pilgrimage to the thirty-three holy places of Kannon) written by the Buddhist monk Gyoson of the Onjo-ji Temple (known as Mi-dera Temple) in Omi Province in 1090.
- 壱志姫王の名は『日本書紀』『続日本紀』などの基本史料に確認出来ず、遥か時代を下った『本朝皇胤紹運録』に弘文天皇の女として見えるだけである。
- The name Ichishihime no Okimi is not found in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) or 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), which were thought to be the basic historical documents, but only appears as the princess of the Emperor Kobun in 'Honcho koin jounroku' (the Emperor's family tree) which was edited after a long period of time.
- 小説家の井沢元彦が、栗隈王を天武天皇による天智天皇暗殺の共犯者とする説を著書である「逆説の日本史」で展開しているが、学会からの賛同はない。
- A novelist Motohiko IZAWA explains his idea in his book 'Paradox of Japanese History' saying that Kurikuma no Okimi was an accomplice in the assassination of the Emperor Tenchi which was mainly plotted by the Emperor Tenmu, but he has not received any academic approval.
- また、史上の人物としては新田義貞が二刀流の使い手として有名であり、「太平記」では両手に持った太刀で矢を次々と叩き落とす場面が描かれている。
- Also, Yoshisada NITTA is a well known historical two-sword fencing expert, and the 'Taiheiki' (the Chronicle of Great Peace) describes a scene in which he continuously flicks away arrows with a sword in each hand.
- ただし当初はその発生史から伎ではなく妓の字が使われ、江戸時代には混用していたようであるが、明治時代以降、現在のように統一した表記になった。
- Originally, however, not '伎' (ki) but '妓' (ki) was used because of the history of Kabuki's birth, and during the Edo period, both of those characters were confusedly used, and from the Meiji period, only the character '伎' has been used and continues to be used today.
- 前漢の『史記』天官書を見るとかつての牽牛は牛宿のことであり、現在の牽牛すなわちアルタイルは河鼓(天の川の太鼓)と呼ばれる星座の一星である。
- According to the Tianguan shu of 'Shiki' (the Chinese Historical records), Kengyu at the time was Gyushuku and current Kengyu, namely Altair, is a star belonging to the constellation called Kako (drum of the Milky Way).
- 仮託説に対しては、多分に推測を重ねることによって導かれる直系・嫡系皇位継承説に、明文の史料を否定する力を与えるべきではないとする批判がある。
- Against the pretext theory, some historians criticize that this theory should not give a detrimental rational forte to the direct line succession theories and the legitimate child succession theories, both of which are developed largely based on successive suppositions, to negate the explicitly written historical materials.
- 記念物で指し示すなかみが「史跡名勝天然記念物」と長い名称となった理由、また、これを「記念物」として一括した理由には上記のような背景があった。
- The above is the reason why the long name 'Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument' was given to items defined as monuments, or the background to the process in which such items were later collectively categorized into 'Monument.'
- 光秀はたびたび大氾濫を起こしていた由良川の治水に成功し、現在もなお行われている築堤工事は彼に始まる治水事業の歴史を連綿と受け継ぐものである。
- Mitsuhide was successful in executing flood prevention for the Yura-gawa River, which often caused heavy flood damage; today, similar work continues uninterrupted, continuing the history of his flood prevention works.
- 演劇的な内容としては、歴史的事実を演劇化した時代物、その当時の世相を描写した(現在なら民放のテレビドラマに相当する)世話物などに分けられる。
- Kabuki Kyogen is classified according to its drama content into some categories, such as 'Jidaimono,' which dramatizes the historical facts, and 'Sewamono,' which portrays the social conditions at the time, and Sewamono is equivalent to today's TV dramas of commercial broadcasting.
- なお「大正琴音楽大賞」の受賞者は、平成18年の第1回が北島三郎(「風雪ながれ旅」で受賞)、平成19年が秋川雅史(「千の風になって」で受賞)。
- The winner of the first 'Taishogoto Ongaku Taisho' in 2006 was Saburo KITAJIMA (for the song 'Fusetsu Nagaretabi') followed by Masafumi AKIKAWA (for the song 'Sen no kazeni natte') in 2007.
- 内的再構とは、一つの言語の言語史を他言語との比較からのみ考えるのではなく、その言語内の共時態の研究を通じて求めていこうとするアプローチである。
- The internal reconstruction is an approach to the history of certain language through not only comparison with other languages but also a study on the synchrony of the language.
- 武田氏は、戦国大名家の家臣団に関する軍制や所領の実態が記された軍役帳や所領役帳などの基礎史料を欠いているため、家臣団の実態を知ることは難しい。
- It is difficult to know the reality of its vassals because basic documents concerning the military system and territories of the vassals of the Takeda clan, such as the register of military service and tax ledgers, are no longer exist.
- 2004年(平成16年)9月30日には、生活道路たる国道の扱いで存続し70年の歴史を持つ舞鶴汽船が、利用者の減少と船の老朽化により廃止された。
- On September 30 2004, the Maizuru steam ship, which was dealt as a national route with roles as a community road, closed its seventy-year history due to a decline in passengers and deterioration of ships.
- 直接的な史料としては俗に「東武皇帝の閣僚名簿」などと通称されるものがあり、現在3種類が知られる(蜂須賀家資料・菊池容斎資料・郷右近馨氏資料)。
- Direct historical materials include the commonly called 'List of Ministers of the Emperor Tobu' and three types of materials are known (the Hachisuka family materials, the materials of Yosai KIKUCHI, the materials of Kaoru GOKON).
- 千宗旦の頃の史料(『茶湯聞塵』など)によると、当時の千家流(宗旦流)には基本的には書院の台子と数寄屋(四畳半)の台子という区別があったらしい。
- According to historical material (such as 'Chanoyu Monjin') which was written when SEN no Sotan was alive, the Senke School (Sotan School) in those days fundamentally distinguished between the daisu in shoin tea room and the daisu in Sukiya (a four-and-a-half-mat tea room).
- 日本の風俗から外れた、海外の魔物を「妖怪」と呼び習わすのは、こうした日本以外の文化が様々な時代に流入し、ある程度の歴史を持っているからである。
- The reason why overseas demons, that are foreign to the Japanese mode of life, are called 'yokai' is that such non-Japanese cultures flowed into Japan during various periods, and they possess a certain amount of history.
- 建国以来の法とするなら理解できるし、『日本書紀』や『古事記』はそのような歴史を記述しているのに、天智天皇が決めたから守るというのは不必要である。
- And they insist that it is understandable if this code had long existed since the country's foundation and the descriptions in 'Nihonshoki' and 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) historically back up the existence, however, it doesn't make any sense if the people had followed it only because it was instituted by Emperor Tenchi.
- 清和源氏は、二十一流あるといわれる源氏における一家系であるが、武家源氏として歴史上に名を馳せたことにより、清和源氏をして源氏と称することが多い。
- The Seiwa-Genji is one of the so-called 21 branch families of the Minamoto clan and it is often considered to be the mainstream of the Minamoto clan due to its historical fame as military Genji.
- 日本の歴史書である『古事記』には、「その年の9月20日 (旧暦)に喪礼が執り行われ、遺令によって女帝の亡骸は息子・竹田皇子が眠る墓に合葬された。
- According to 'Kojiki,' a Japanese history book, 'the funeral rites were conducted on October 23, 628 and, according to the posthumous order, her remains were buried in the tomb where her son, Prince Tamura, slept.
- 『日本書紀』『藤氏家伝』などの同時代史料には全く記載が無く、『本朝皇胤紹運録』に弘文天皇(大友皇子)の妃となり壱志姫王を産んだと伝えられている。
- There is no description about her in those historical materials of the same period such as 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Toshi Kaden' (Biographies of the Fujiwara clan), and the 'Honcho koin jounroku' (the emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period) reports that she married the Emperor Kobun (the Prince Otomo) and gave birth to Ichishihime no Okimi.
- 比叡山麓の坂本(現在の滋賀県大津市)に童歌「山の坊さん何食うて暮らす、ゆばの付け焼き、定心坊(お漬物)」として唄われたことが歴史的な記録に残る。
- According to some historical records remaining today, there was an old children's song in Sakamoto at the base of Mt. Hiei, the lyrics of which included a passage saying, 'what do those monks on the mountain eat, Grilled yuba and pickled vegetables.'
- さらに黒田日出男は景観年代を1561年(永禄4年)以後としたうえで、作画完了は1565年(永禄8年)とする史料を示した(『謎解き洛中洛外図』)。
- Further, Hideo KURODA advances the year of the scenery painted as being in or after 1561, and he showed a historical record and specified the completion of the painting was 1565 ('Nazotoki Rakuchu Rakugaizu' (solving the mystery of Scenes In and Around Kyoto)).
- しかし、発展過程がそれぞれ異なる、日置流(武射系)や小笠原流(礼射系)の文化的・歴史的な背景に敬意を払い、よく理解して弓道を学ぶことが望ましい。
- However, because the development processes are respectively different, it is hoped that students of archery will pay respect to and understand well the cultural and historical backgrounds of the Heki school (busha group) and the Ogasawara school (reisha group).
- FNS26時間テレビ 国民的なおもしろさ!史上最大!!真夏のクイズ祭り 26時間ぶっ通しスペシャル「FNS28局お国自慢ホンモノはどれだ?」出演
- She appeared on the FNS 26-hour program 'National Excitement! The biggest in history!! A special mid-summer quiz program festival for 26 hours straight! 'What are the real claims to fame of the twenty-eight local FNS stations' hometowns?'.
- 詩吟が、その吟詠(吟ずること)の対象とするのは、その歴史的経緯(下記参照)から主として漢詩であるが、和歌や俳句、新体詩を吟ずることも少なくない。
- Because of the historical reason (see below) the object on which shigin recites is chiefly Chinese poetry, but waka, haiku and new-style poetry are often recited.
- ただし、これらの語義の違いは、背景となる自然に対する姿勢や歴史性はもちろんだが、たんに翻訳とニュアンスに留まるところが多いため同義とはいえない。
- However, these semantic differences are obviously due to the background view of nature and history, but because they are also largely due simply to translation and nuances, so these words are not synonymous.
- 歴史的な伎楽面は、奈良の法隆寺(現在は東京国立博物館法隆寺宝物館に収蔵)、東大寺、正倉院、春日大社などに飛鳥時代および奈良時代の遺品が残っている。
- Historical gigaku-men masks made during the Asuka period and the Nara period are kept at Horyu-ji Temple (today housed at The Gallery of Horyu-ji Temple Treasures at The Tokyo National Museum) in Nara, Todai-ji Temple, Shoso-in, Kasuga-taisha Shrine, and other places.
- また、市村羽左衛門 (15代目)、市川壽海 (3代目)の木村重成、尾上菊五郎 (6代目)・尾上梅幸 (7代目)の銀之丞は歴史に残る名演技であった。
- In addition, Shigenari KIMURA played by Uzaemon ICHIMURA (the 15th) and Jukai ICHIKAWA (the thirrd) and Ginnojo played by Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth) and Baiko ONOE (the seventh) were so great that they were long remembered in history.
- 歴史的には能楽や女歌舞伎の舞台で秀でた女性に「太夫」(舞太夫、能太夫)の称号が与えられたことから、嶋原の太夫は舞踊を習得していることが必須である。
- Historically, the title of 'Tayu' (Bu dayu and Noh dayu) has been awarded to those females who excelled in Noh plays and women's kabuki, and accordingly, the tayu in Shimabara are required to master classical Japanese dance.
- (『三国史記』新羅本紀によれば倭が462年5月に新羅の活開城を攻め落とし、463年2月にも侵入したが、最終的に新羅が打ち破ったと記載されている)。
- (According to the 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms) Silla History, Wa had 活開城 surrendered in May 464 and invaded again in February 463, but finally Silla beat Wa).
- このことから、書紀が述べるような大改革はこのとき存在しなかったのではないかという説が唱えられ、大化改新論争という日本史学上の一大争点になっている。
- For this reason, some claim that the major reforms which the Chronicles described had not occurred at this time, and this has become an extremely controversial point regarding the history of Japan, referred to as the Taika Reform Dispute.
- 仙洞御所での演能の中止(1429年)や醍醐寺清滝宮の楽頭職を音阿弥と交代させられるなどさまざまな圧迫が世阿弥・元雅親子に加えられた(国史大辞典)。
- Much pressure including the cancellation of the Noh performance at Sento Imperial Palace and replacement of gakuto-shiki (right to play sarugaku) in Daigoji-Temple, Kiyotaki-miya Shrine with Otoami was put on the father and son of Zeami and Motomasa (Great Dictionary of National History).
- 米倉は、京都等持院所蔵の足利義詮木像の風貌が伝藤原光能像と酷似していることを論拠としているが、他方、黒田は政治史的観点に基づく義詮説を提示している。
- Yonekura indicated an evidence that the appearance of the Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA's wooden figure which is in the possession of Kyoto Jito-in Temple is very similar to the features of the portrait of FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, unconfirmed; on the other hand, Kuroda shows his Yoshiakira theory based on a political view point.
- 最近では国史跡・紫香楽宮跡の北約1kmに位置する宮町遺跡から大規模な建物跡や税納入を示す木簡が大量に出土したことから、ここが宮跡の有力地となっている。
- Recently, a lot of mokkan (narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) that describe the large remains of structures, or delivery of taxes, were unearthed in the palace town ruins located 1 km to the north from the palace ruins of Shigaraki no miya (ruins designated by the nation), therefore, it was considered as a probable place of the palace ruins.
- 記紀やその他歴代天皇の故事を伝える歴史書にも、「なぜ男系でなければならないのか」という問題への回答は「そうあるべきであるから」というものばかりである。
- According to the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki or other history books about Emperors, the reply to the question `Why should it be male-line?' is always `Because it should be.'
- 聖武天皇と光明皇后の間にはついに男子が育たず、天平10年1月13日 (旧暦)(738年2月6日)に娘・阿部内親王を立太子し、史上初の女性皇太子となる。
- Because Emperor Shomu and Empress Komyo finally ended up with no male children, Imperial Princess Abe, their daughter, was formally installed as the Crown Princess on February 6, 738, the first Crown Princess in Japan.
- 昭和21年(1946年)9月28日付で連合国軍最高司令官総司令部あてに報告書を提出、10月31日自主解散を宣言し、52年にわたる武徳会の歴史を閉じた。
- They presented a report to the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers on September 28, 1946, and announced a voluntary dissolution on October 31, bringing an end to the 52-year history of Butoku Kai.
- さらに残る7枚のうち、佐倉市の国立歴史民俗博物館で2枚(34番蝦夷江差町、35番蝦夷奥尻島)、国立国会図書館で1枚(107番駿河国静岡市)が発見された。
- Of the remaining 7 sheets, two sheets were discovered at National Museum of Japanese History in Sakura City (No.34 Esashi-cho, No.35 Ezo and Okushiri Island, Ezo) and one at National Diet Library (No.107 Shizuoka City, Suruga Province).
- 一方で、網野善彦はこうした武田氏や甲斐源氏中心の研究に対して甲斐中世史において他氏族の果たした役割を強調し、武田氏以外の氏族研究の必要性を主張している。
- Against these studies that focus on the Takeda clan and Kai-Genji, Yoshihiko Amino stressed the role which other clans played in the medieval history of Kai and asserted the necessity to study other clans.
- 甲斐武田氏では武田信玄が江戸時代から近代にかけて『甲陽軍鑑』の流行により一般においても広く知られ、地元においては郷土史の象徴的人物と位置づけられいった。
- Shingen TAKEDA of the Kai-Takeda clan was widely known by people during the Edo period to early modern times thanks to the popularity of 'Koyo Gunkan,' and he became the symbol of the local history at his birthplace.
- 御文庫を擁する上冷泉家が関西の京都に残ったことで、結果として膨大な至宝が関東大震災と東京大空襲から守り抜かれたことは、日本文化史上この上ない僥倖である。
- It is a happy accident of Japanese cultural history that the Kami Reizei family which holds Gobunko remained in Kyoto in Kansai, keeping these great treasures safe from the Great Kanto Earthquake and the bombing of Tokyo.
- しかし、『日本書紀』のこの事件に関する記事に皇子の名がみえないこと、また皇子に賞与などが与えられた形跡がみえないことから、史実ではないとする見方もある。
- Nevertheless, since his name could not be found in the article about this affair in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and since there was no evidence that an award was granted to him, some say this is not a historical fact.
- このような異表記が見られるということは、かつては「上宮記」以外にも継体の出自系譜を伝える史料が存在した可能性(例えば『日本書紀』の系図)を示唆している。
- Since there were different writing expressions used for one person in historical books, we can also consider that there were possible historical materials which existed to support the origins of the family tree chart for the Emperor Keitai, other than the 'Joguki' (For example, family tree charts of 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]).
- 時節柄、直後にはそれほど生産高は伸びなかった(参照「日本酒の歴史昭和時代以降」)が、戦後になって著しく全国へ普及し「酒米の王者」と称せられるまでになる。
- In those difficult times, the amount of production didn't increase immediately (refer to 'History of sake: Showa period and later'), but it became nationally popular after the war and came to be called the 'king of Sakamai.'
- 中国の正史、二十四史の一つである後漢書による故事で、黄河の急流にある竜門と呼ばれる滝を多くの魚が登ろうと試みたが鯉のみが登り切り、竜に成ることができた。
- On the historical event according to 'Gokanjo' (History of the Later Han Dynasty), one of 24 dynastic histories of Chinese official history, a lot of fish tried to swim up a waterfall called Ryumon in the rapid stream of the Yellow River, but only carp could wax on and thus became dragons.
- このニコライ皇太子訪日の日程中、滋賀県大津市においていわゆる大津事件が発生、外国皇族に日本の官憲が危害を加えるという日本外交史始まって以来の大事件となる。
- During Prince Nicholas's stay in Japan, the Otsu Incident occurred in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, this was the first major incident in Japanese history of Japanese authorities harming the Imperial family from overseas.
- 幕末から明治にかけて活躍した三遊亭圓朝は歴史的な名人として知られ、圓朝の高座を書き記した速記本は当時の文学、特に言文一致の文章の成立に大きな影響を与えた。
- Encho SANYUTEI, a popular storyteller who performed from the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate to the Meiji period, was known as a historic master of storytelling, and the book based on shorthand notes of his storytelling had a great impact on the literature of the time, particularly in relation to sentences written in a colloquial style.
- しかし『宇都宮市史』や『姓氏家系大辞典』では、宗円を藤原道兼の子孫とするのは後世の仮冒で、宇都宮氏は中原氏の出、あるいは古代の毛野氏の後裔と想定している。
- According to 'Utsunomiya Shishi' (The history of Utsunomiya City) and 'Seishi Kakei Daijiten' (a large dictionary of Japanese surnames), however, the fact that Soen was a descendant of FUJIWARA no Michikane was made up by his descendants and it is assumed that the Utsunomiya clan was descended from the Nakahara clan or a descendant of the ancient Kenu clan.
- 組手競技ルールとしては元々寸止め空手やフルコンタクト空手よりも歴史が古く、空手界で最初の全国大会である全国空手道選手権大会も防具付きルールで行われていた。
- Originally, the history of bogutsuki karate is older than that of sundome karate and full-contact karate in terms of kumite match rules; the National Karatedo Tournament, karate's first national tournament, was conducted under bogutsuki rules.
- 元来、琉球士族の間で密かに伝えられてきた唐手であるが、明治12年(1879年)、沖縄県の歴史琉球処分により琉球王国が滅亡すると、唐手も失伝の危機を迎えた。
- Traditionally, toudee was passed down in secret among the warrior class of the Ryukyu Kingdom, but upon the disappearance of the Kingdom based on the overthrow of the Ryukyu royal family in 1879, toudee too was in danger of disappearing.
- また、汗衫に似た細長の復元案は、「承安五節絵巻」の汗衫姿の童女の図を細長と誤認したことからはじまることが、戦前の雑誌「風俗史研究」の記事などから窺われる。
- And it is surmised through a column of a pre-war magazine called 'Fuzokushi Kenkyu' (Study of folklore history) that the idea to reproduce hosonaga assimilated to kazami began with the misconception of a picture of a girl in kazami style on 'Shoan Gosechi Emaki' (picture scroll of Shoan gosechi-e (annual court ceremony of girls music)) as hosonaga style.
- この結果茶道史において、村田珠光が浄土宗信徒であり、また北向道陳が日蓮宗信徒である点などが恣意的に無視されてきたという歴史は反省しなければならないだろう。
- As a result of this, some facts were arbitrary ignored in the history of tea ceremony, including that Juko MURATA was a believer of the Jodo-shu sect and Dochin KITAMUKI was a believer of the Nichiren sect; this is the material for reflection.
- 最上氏が南北朝時代 (日本)から江戸時代初期にかけて拠点とした山形県山形市に、最上義光歴史館があり、第11代当主・最上義光を中心とした資料が集められている。
- The Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum is located in Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture, which was headquartered by the Mogami clan from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the early Edo period, and the museum contains historical documents regarding mainly the 11th family head, Yoshiaki MOGAMI.
- 一方、下水については浸水被害の歴史から比較的早くから整備されて来ており、旧福知山市域においては80%の下水道普及率(浄化槽を含む水洗化率は92%)があった。
- On the other hand, owing to its history of flood damage, the city developed a sewage system relatively early, covering roughly 80% of the old Fukuchiyama City area (the usage rate of flush toilet including septic tank was 92%).
- 1907年(明治40年)発行の、全国の漆の産地30箇所を記した書物「実用漆工術」には、丹波(福知山)の漆は一番目に書かれておりその歴史の深さを物語っている。
- In the 'Jitsuyo Shikkojutsu' issued in 1907, which contained information on thirty lacquer production places in Japan, lacquer from Tanba (Fukuchiyama) was listed first, indicating the long history of lacquer.
- 藍ほどではないが福知山と蚕の歴史を伝えるため、藍と同じく一部の学校では総合的な学習の一環として、蚕の飼育やビデオ鑑賞でその生態などを学ばせる学校も存在する。
- Although not as active as indigo dyeing, there are some schools which offer lessons on how to breed silk worms and how they live, through videos as part of the overall curriculum, in order to teach the history of Fukuchiyama and silk worms, much like indigo dyeing.
- しかし「沙至比跪」の逸話が史実と見なせるかには疑問の余地があり、これを考慮すると、『書紀』の襲津彦像は総じて没個性的で、各々の記事間にも脈絡がほとんどない。
- However, there is controversy as to whether the legend of 'Hisachiku' can be thought of a historical fact; if we take this into account, Sotsuhiko described in 'Nihonshoki' seems overall to be lacking in personality and articles referring to him do not seem to show coherence in their descriptions.
- そしてこれらの架空の人物群とそれにまつわる物語とを史実として正当化するために、仲哀天皇が架空に作り上げられ記紀に挿入された、とするのが仲哀天皇架空説である。
- The theory of Emperor Chuai as a fictional person asserts that Emperor Chuai was invented and inserted into the Kojiki and Nihonshoki to justify these fictional personalities and their stories as historical fact.
- (歴史、規模、出入りする顧客の種類、全国料理屋への影響力、知名度、格式、美術品の所有状況、建物、エピソード、などからこの三店が日本の主要とされる向きが強い)
- (From the judgment criteria of history, scale, customer's types, influence on other restaurants nationwide, reputation, style, ownership of artwork, building, and other episodes, these three restaurants are said to be the top three ryotei in Japan.)
- 特に欠史八代の天皇については、古代中国の革命思想(讖緯説)に則って天皇家の歴史を水増したのではないかと指摘する否定説が戦後学会では主流である(実在説もある)。
- Especially with the Emperors of Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), a negative theory stating that the history of the Imperial Family was padded out following the revolutionary idea (Shinisetsu, or theory of predicting future with magic) in Ancient China is the main stream in learned society after the war (there are also theories that support the existence).
- 19世紀末から1945年の終戦まで、学校で用いる歴史教科書は日本神話に始まり天皇家を中心にした出来事を述べ、歴史上の人物や民衆を皇国史観によって記述していた。
- Historical textbooks used in schools between nineteen century and 1945, started with Japanese mythology and the description of the main events related to the Imperial family, which explained the famous people in history and popular people based upon the Kokokushikan.
- 平安時代末期の12世紀は日本仏教絵画史のピークの1つで、東京国立博物館所蔵の普賢菩薩像をはじめ、金銀の箔や切金を多用した貴族的、耽美的な作品が数多く作られた。
- The twelfth century in the late Heian period saw the peak of the history of Japanese Buddhist paintings, and, starting with Fugen bosatsu zo (statue of Fugen bosatsu [Samantabhadra Bodhisattva]) owned by Tokyo National Museum, many aristocratic and aesthetic works were created.
- このため、中国への朝貢は太上皇が「国王」を名乗って行っており、中国正史とベトナムの正史が伝えるベトナム君主の在位には一代ずつのずれが生じているといわれている。
- In that context, the tribute to the Chinese court was conducted by the retired emperor under the name of the 'king,' and it is said that the reigns of Vietnamese monarchs according to the Chinese historiography and Vietnamese historiography are one generation out of synchronization.
- 三重県伊賀市で発掘されている祭事の関連遺跡である城之越遺跡は後の庭園の修景意識と技術にかんする遺構を有していたため国の名勝及び史跡に指定されて保護されている。
- The ritualistic-related remains of Jonokoshi-iseki excavated in Iga City, Mie Prefecture revealed architecture that provided information about form and structure showing a consciousness about the maintenance of scenery and its technique and was thus designated as national scenic beauty and historical site as well, and being protected.
- 沖縄県の歴史において、唐手の文字が初めて現れるのは、唐手佐久川(トゥーディーさくかわ)とあだ名された、佐久川寛賀(1782年 - 1838年)においてである。
- It was in the days of Kanga SAKUKAWA (1782-1838), nicknamed as Toudee SAKUKAWA, that the word 'toudee' first appeared in Okinawan history.
- 二度の禁武政策を通じて、武器を取り上げられた人々が、薩摩藩に対抗するために空手を発展させたとする説が、従来、歴史的事実であるかのように繰り返し言及されてきた。
- Traditionally, the belief that Okinawan people, who were deprived of weapons after two kinmu seisaku, tried to refine karate to confront the Satsuma Domain was repeatedly insisted as if it were a historical fact.
- 著者とされている南坊宗啓は、堺市の南宗寺集雲庵の僧侶であり、利休の弟子とされているが、他の史料には登場しないことから、架空の人物である可能性も指摘されている。
- Sokei NANBO, the author, is said to be a Buddhist monk of Shuunan Monastery in Nanshu-ji Temple in Sakai City and also Rikyu's apprentice, but some point to the possibility that he was a fictitious character because he never appeared in any other materials.
- 贄の貢ぎが史料として現れるのは、日本書紀の大化の改新の詔の其の四のところで、「凡その調の副物の塩と贄(にえ)とは、亦(また)郷土(くに)の出せるに随へ」とある。
- The supply of offerings appeared as historical materials in section 4 of mikotonori (an Imperial edict) in the Taika Reform in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), and it said 'Usually, by-products of the cho (tributes) such as salt and offerings, need to be followed according to local capacity.'
- 記紀に伝えられる事績の史実性、欠史八代に繋がる系譜記事等には疑問もあるが、3世紀から4世紀初めにかけて実在した大王 (ヤマト王権)と捉える見方が未だ少なくない。
- There are doubts regarding the historical validity of his exploits recorded in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki as well as genealogical accounts of his connection to the Kesshi-Hachidai (eight undocumented emperors); however, there are still many who consider him to be the king (Yamato Sovereignty) who lived from the third century to the beginning of the fourth century.
- 「戦前の日本で天皇の王朝の非常な古さが国家主義的に悪用されたことに強く反発する戦後の歴史家は、日本における天皇制と天皇家の異例な長命さという意義を軽んじてきた。
- 'There were historians during the postwar period who strongly criticized the government for wrongfully using the Imperial family's long duration to promote nationalism during the prewar period, and these historians made light of such a long duration of the Japanese emperor system and the Imperial family.'
- 「この過去の歴史をその後の時代とともに正しく理解しようと努めることは日本人自身にとって、また日本人が世界の人々と交わっていく上にも極めて大切なことと思います。」
- I believe that trying to understand correctly the past history along with that of the postwar period is extremely important for the Japanese, which is also quite essential when the Japanese aim to be a member of global society.'
- 正座の歴史では、正座の座り方(後述)がいつ頃から始まったのか、という部分と、この座り方を「正座」とする概念がいつ頃発生したのか、について分けて考える必要がある。
- It is necessary to approach the history of seiza from two directions: when did the seiza style (described below) start, and when did the style begin to be considered as seiza?
- 地勢的・歴史的・人的・資本的要素が複雑に絡み合っていることから、単に的屋として一括りに定義することは難しいが、的屋の源流とされるもは以下の五つものに分類される。
- It is hard to define simply tekiya as a whole due the complex relationship between geography, history, people, and finance, but the origins of tekiya can be found in the following five categories.
- 在位4年目(645年)に中大兄皇子が蘇我蝦夷・入鹿親子を滅ぼす(乙巳の変・大化の改新)と、皇極天皇は同母弟の軽皇子(後の孝徳天皇)に皇位を譲った(史上初の譲位)。
- In the fourth year of her reign (645), Naka no Oe no Oji killed SOGA no Emishi and his son Iruka (Isshi no hen [the Murder in the Year of Isshi], Taika no Kaishin [Great Reformation of the Taika Era]) and Empress Kogyoku handed the Imperial throne over to Prince Karu, her younger maternal half-brother (later, Emperor Kotoku) (this was the first abdication of the throne in history).
- 『延喜式』諸陵寮によれば、片岡葦田墓(かたおかのあしたのはか)に葬られたとされ、塚口氏は奈良県香芝市の平野塚穴山古墳(方墳・辺18m、国史跡)をそれに当てている。
- According to the 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), he was buried in Kataoka no Ashitaka graveyard and Mr. Tsukaguchi guesses that to be Hirano Tsukaanayama Tumulus (square tumulus, 18 m sides, national historical site).
- なお、天明5年(1785年)に津久井尚重の著した『南朝(皇胤)紹運録』(『南朝編年記略』の付録)は全くの別系図で、南朝史料としての価値も極めて薄弱な俗書に過ぎない。
- 'Nancho (Koin) Joun roku' (a supplement of 'Nancho Hennenkiryaku') written by Naoshige TSUKUI in 1785 is a totally different genealogy and just a vulgar book whose value as a historical data for Nancho (Southern Court) is extremely low.
- 現在治定されている天皇陵のうち、奈良時代までの天皇陵については、歴史学的・考古学的に同意できるものは推古天皇陵、天智天皇陵、天武・持統天皇陵など数か所程度とされる。
- Among graves built during or before the Nara period that are currently recognized as imperial mausoleums, only a few (including mausoleums of Emperor Suiko, Emperor Temchi, Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jito) can be historically and archaeologically certified as such.
- 文化財保護法で言う「伝統的建造物群」とは、城下町、宿場町、門前町、寺内町、港町、農漁村などの、周囲の環境と一体をなして歴史的風致を形成している伝統的建造物群を指す。
- The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties defines 'a group of historic buildings' as that which forms a historic landscape in unison with its surrounding environments such as towns formed around castles, posts (shukuba), Shinto shrines, Buddhist temples, ports, and/or farming or fishing villages.
- 松井家の城下町であった熊本県八代市の八代市立博物館や松井文庫には松井歴代史料が展示されており、近くには八代城跡や松井家の御茶屋だった松浜軒(しょうひんけん)もある。
- In Yatsushiro City of Kumamoto Prefecture which had been the castle town of the Matsui clan, historical materials of the Matsui clan are displayed at the Yatsushiro Municipal Museum and Matsui Bunko Library, and in its vicinity, there remain sites of Yatsushiro-jo Castle and Shohinken which used to be Matsui clan's ochaya (rest house).
- 他にも尾藤橋、三河橋などに代表される沈下橋の存在や、福知山市施設などでも当時をかたるさまざまな資料が残されており、水害と共に生きてきた市民の歴史を知ることができる。
- Additionally, there is a bridge designed to be submerged during floods, like the Bito-bashi Bridge, Sogo-bashi Bridge, etc., as well as various relics which remain in the facilities of Fukuchiyama City, which tell the history of those citizens who lived with the floods.
- 歴史学上、天皇家は古墳時代に見られたヤマト王権の「大王 (ヤマト王権)(あめのしたしろしめすおおきみ)」(あるいは「大王(おおきみ)」)に由来すると考えられている。
- Historically, it is thought that the Imperial Family came from the Great King or Okimi of the 'Yamato Sovereignty' (Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Okimi) that existed in the Kofun period.
- 三条西家の文書は、学習院大学、東京大学、国立公文書館、国立国文学歴史資料館、早稲田大学、カリフォルニア大学、天理大学、日本大学などの各研究機関に分散所有されている。
- Written documents of the Sanjonishi Family are variously housed in institutions such as Gakushuin University, the University of Tokyo, the National Archives of Japan, Kokuritsu Kokubungaku Rekishi Shiryoukan, Waseda University, University of California, Tenri University and Nihon University.
- 日本各地で、「ご当地~~」と呼ばれる土産品があるが、それらの日用品は、地域の自然や歴史、産業、伝統などに見合った製品を作ろうとしてきた地域の人々の工夫の賜物である。
- Each region in Japan has souvenirs called 'specialty of the region,' and such daily necessities are the result of efforts made by local people who tried to make products in line with local nature, history, industry and tradition.
- 懐石(かいせき)とは、本来茶道において茶会の際、会の主催者である亭主が来客をもてなす料理をいい、禅寺の古い習慣である懐石にその名を由来する(詳細は歴史の節を参照)。
- Originally, the term 'kaiseki' meant a meal served at a chakai (tea party) by the host to entertain guests, and the name is derived from an old custom of Zen temples (temples belonging to the Zen sect); for details, please refer to the history section.
- 日本文化は有史以来、中国文化圏に属し輸入文化・翻訳文化の側面を持ち、積極的に外国の文化を摂取し、これを在来の文化と融合して日本化することで独自の文化を形成してきた。
- Since recorded history, the Japanese culture which has belonged to Chinese culture has had aspects of imported culture and translated culture, and has actively ingested foreign cultures, and Japan has formed its original culture by fusing such foreign cultures with conventional culture, and Japanizing fused cultures.
- 「天一」の「こってり」はラーメンと言うより独自の食べ物という人もいるが、歴史的な流れや、味の形成過程を見る限り、旧来の京都ラーメンのこってり系の発展系と考えられる。
- Some people say the 'thick type' for 'Ten-ichi' is more a unique dish rather than ramen, but it can be considered to be have evolved from the thick type of conventional Kyoto ramen considering the historical background and the way in which the taste was formed.
- 以前から郷土史家と呼ばれる人が地域の住民もしくは社会見学の一環として訪れた学童・生徒等を対象に説明を行っていたということはありえるが、これは「観光」の要素は乏しい。
- Local historians have long conducted talks for local residents as well as schoolchildren and pupils during field trips but this phenomenon does not fall under the definition of tourism.
- また本社では大正琴の製造工程が見学できる他、歴代(森田伍郎発明当時の品から現代に至るまで)の大正琴及び古い楽譜やレコードが展示され、大正琴の歴史を知ることができる。
- At the head office, in addition to an observation tour of the manufacturing processes of taishogoto, taishogoto of each generation (which ranges from the original taishogoto invented by Goro MORITA to the present one), old sheets of music and record albums are displayed allowing people to learn the history of taishogoto.
- 和食と比較して歴史が短いことから地域差が小さく、全国的に見ても類似したメニューとなることが多いためファミリーレストランなどによる全国展開が比較的容易な分野でもある。
- Since such dishes have a relatively short history when compared to Japanese food, there are few regional differences, and similar menus can be found all over Japan, which makes it easier for family restaurants to spread those menus throughout all of Japan.
- 戦前彼の著書は不敬であるとして発禁処分とされたが、戦後になって天皇制のタブーが解かれると、多くの歴史学者によっておおむね妥当な推論であるとして支持されるようになった。
- Although his books had been banned for sale in the prewar time as the books lacking respect for the emperor, many historians came to support his books as an approximately reasonable assumption when the taboo against discussion of the Emperor system was removed after World War II.
- なお、指定件数はそれぞれ2009年(平成21年)2月12日現在のものであり、史跡、名勝または天然記念物の、それぞれの重複指定がされている場合、重複分を含む件数である。
- The above numbers of designated monuments are as of February 12, 2009, and the numbers include overlapping designations among the above categories of historic site, place of scenic beauty and natural monument, if any.
- 歴史学で昭和初期から「東山時代」という用語が使われるようになり(笹川臨風「東山時代の文化」1928年、など)、東山時代の文化の意味で「東山文化」という用語が生まれた。
- In history the term 'Higashiyama Period' has been used since the beginning of Showa (Rinpu SASAKAWA, 'the culture in the Higashiyama era' in 1928, and so on) and the term, 'Higashiyama culture' was created in the sense of culture in the Higashiyama era.
- これらの観点から、中国の鵜飼いは歴史的に先行している日本の鵜飼いからそのノウハウを得たのではなく、独自に発達したものではないかとベルトルト・ラウファーは推測している。
- From these points, Berthold Laufer guesses that Ukai in China developed independently rather than obtaining the know-how from Ukai in Japan, which started earlier than in China.
- また清末から隆盛した今文学派による古典批判の方法論は古籍に対する弁偽の風潮を興し、1927年、顧頡剛を始めとする疑古派が経書や古史の偽作を論ずる『古史弁』を創刊した。
- Additionally, the methodology of classics critique by the Kinbun learning school which flourished from the end of Qing brought a climate of clarification of truth or falsehood of old books, and in 1927, the Giko-ha school including Ko Ketsugo published 'Koshiben' (telling right from wrong about old history), which discussed forged Keisho and ancient history.
- しかし、実際にどのような経緯があったかについては、依拠しうる史料が、後代に「万世一系」史観の立場で書かれた『日本書紀』などに限られているため、前述の各説には異論もある。
- However, as for the actual circumstances that occurred back then, the historical records are limited to those with a 'bansei ikkei' history view in later generations, like in the 'Nihonshoki' and so on, so there are also objections to the theories mentioned above.
- 特に院政を廃止した後醍醐天皇が綸旨を院宣に替わる文書と位置づけた建武 (日本)年間から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけて著しい量の綸旨が出され、史料としても重要なものが多い。
- In particular, a significant number of rinji was issued during a period from the Kenmu era when Emperor Godaigo who abolished Insei (rule by the retired Emperor) specified rinji as a document replacing inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor) to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and many of them were important as historical data.
- 日本の文化財保護法第2条第1項第2号では、演劇、音楽、工芸技術その他の無形の文化的所産で、日本国にとって歴史上又は芸術上価値の高いものを、「無形文化財」と定義している。
- Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item (2) of the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties defines 'intangible cultural properties' as art and skill employed in drama, music and applied arts, and other intangible cultural products which possess a high historical and/or artistic value in and for Japan.
- ただし、応神から継体に至る中間4代の系譜について『記紀』では省略されており、辛うじて鎌倉時代の『釈日本紀』に引用された『上宮記』逸文という史料によって知ることが出来る。
- The four generations from Ojin to Keitai is omitted in the genealogy of 'Kiki', and the only historical material on them is the barely surviving fragment of 'Joguki', quoted in 'Shaku Nihongi' which was established in Kamakura period.
- 歴史、史跡、神社、寺院、建築、庭園、美術、伝統工芸、伝統文化、花街、祭とイベント、京料理、京菓子、ならわし、ことばと伝説、地名、自然、観光学など、京都に関すること全般。
- General knowledge related to Kyoto including history, historical sites, shrines, temples, architecture, gardens, arts, traditional industrial arts, traditional culture, entertainment areas, festivals and events, Kyo-ryori (local cuisine of Kyoto), Kyoto Confectionary, customs, dialects and folk tales, geographical names, natural resources, tourism, etc.
- 陽成源氏説は明治の歴史学者星野恒の説で、『清和源氏の祖は実は清和天皇ではなく陽成天皇であるが、暴君であったとされる陽成帝の名を冠せず清和源氏を名乗った』というものである。
- The Yozei-Genji Theory by historian Hisashi HOSHINO in the Meiji period claimed, 'The ancestor of Seiwa-Genji was actually Emperor Yozei, not Emperor Seiwa; but as Emperor Yozei was a tyrant, the name Seiwa-Genji was used instead Yozei-tei.'
- このような書道史上の価値もさることながら、一般民衆の手になる素朴な書風が書蹟として愛好されるようになり、現在では書作品として臨書されたり書風を模倣されたりすることも多い。
- In addition to its value in calligraphy history, its simple calligraphic style created by common people became popular as penmanship and now people often copy it as the work of calligraphy or imitate its calligraphic style.
- 1721年、ポルトガル王国で「寛大王」と呼ばれたジョアン5世が、ポルトガルに所在する15世紀から16世紀にかけての大航海時代の歴史記念物の保護を定めた詔勅を発布している。
- In 1721, Joao V of the Kingdom of Portugal, 'the Magnanimous,' promulgated rescripts providing preservation of historic monuments of the Age of Geographical Discovery from the 15th century to 16th century existing in Portugal.
- この「祭天」自体は、名称から想起されるような祭祀や祭礼のような意味合いはなく、隣接する郡山市の郡山うねめまつりのように郷土の歴史や言い伝えなどを下敷きにしたものでもない。
- This 'Saiten' itself doesn't mean a rite or a ritual, which is associated with the name, nor is it based on the local history and legends unlike Koriyama Uneme Festival in adjoining Koriyama City.
- JAL音舞台シリーズ(じゃるおとぶたいしりーず)は、毎年9月頃に京都・奈良の歴史建造建物である寺院を舞台に、国内・海外の一流アーティストを招いて行われるコンサートである。
- The JAL Sound Stage Series is a concert featuring the invited top guest artists in Japan and abroad and is held at a temple among the Historical Landmark Buildings in Kyoto or Nara about every September.
- 史実上の記録は平安時代に清少納言の『枕草子』「あてなるもの」(上品なもの、良いもの)の段に、「削り氷にあまづら入れて、新しき金鋺(かなまり)に入れたる」と記述されている。
- As a historical record, Sei-shonagon wrote in the section of 'atenarumono' (what is elegant or good) in her 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book) 'kezurihini amazurairete atarasikikanamarini iretaru.'
- その後大正デモクラシーの高まりを受けて歴史学にも再び自由な言論が活発になり、マルクス主義の唯物史観に基づく歴史書も出版されたが、社会主義運動の高まりと共に統制も強化された。
- After that, movement towards freedom of speech became popular again in historical studies as the Taisho Democracy became more popular, some historical books about Marxism based upon historical materialism were published, there was more strict control as the socialist movement became more popular.
- 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』があまりにも有名になったため、江戸時代の頃から忠臣蔵にかかわる格言などには、史実における実在の人物の名よりも、本作における役名が用いられることが多かった。
- Because 'Kanadehon Chushingura' became so famous, ever since the Edo period, proverbs related to Chushingura used the names of characters in this play more frequently than those of people who actually existed.
- 「史跡」、「名勝」、「天然記念物」などの総称であるが、地方公共団体によっては「旧跡」という種別を設けて「記念物」に含めて文化財指定している場合もある(東京都、埼玉県など)。
- Although the term 'monuments' collectively means 'historical sites,' 'places of scenic beauty' and 'natural monuments' in the Law, some local public bodies (such as Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture) include another category 'Ruins' in designating their cultural properties.
- 1964年にニューヨーク・フィルハーモニックと尺八の横山勝也、薩摩琵琶の流れをくむ鶴田流の琵琶奏者鶴田錦史のために作曲された武満徹のノヴェンバー・ステップスは反響を呼んだ。
- Shakuhachi player Katsuya YOKOYAMA appeared with the New York Philharmonic in 1964 to high acclaim, performing a piece called 'November Steps,' which was composed by Toru TAKEMITSU for biwa player Kinshi TSURUTA of the Tsuruta-school lineage, a lineage influenced by the Satsuma style of biwa playing.
- 調味料を料理に用いる順番を表す語呂合わせの「さしすせそ_(調味料)」では、醤油は「せうゆ」として「せ」に割り当てられているが、歴史的仮名遣では「しやうゆ」と書くのが正しい。
- The order of using seasonings in cooking is expressed as 'sa-shi-su-se-so,' which means 'sa (sato [sugar]), shi (shio [salt]), su (su [vinegar]), se (seuyu [soy-sauce]), so (miso [soybean paste]),' in which soy-sauce is expressed as 'se' of 'seuyu,' however, it should be written in 'shauyu' in historical Japanese syllabic writing.
- また、退位後も光孝・宇多・醍醐天皇の諸帝の警戒感は強く、『日本三代実録』や『新国史』の編纂は陽成上皇に対して自己の皇統の正当性を主張するための史書作成であったとする説がある。
- Even after Emperor Yozei abdicated, the emperors Koko, Uda and Daigo were all suspicious about the situation; some people have said that historical books such as 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' and 'Shin Kokushi' were edited to prove the justice of those emperors in going against Retired Emperor Yozei.
- しかし現在では漆の98%が中華人民共和国産の輸入品へと移り変わり、日本国内の漆の産地はほんのわずかしか残されていないものの、福知山ではその伝統と歴史が細々と受け継がれている。
- However, 98% of lacquer has been replaced by goods made in and imported from the People's Republic of China at present, and only a few lacquer production areas remain in Japan; thus their tradition and history are being handed down on a smaller scale.
- 『記・紀』に載せる成務天皇の旧辞部分の記事は、他の天皇のそれに比して極端に文量が少なく、史実性には疑いが持たれているものの、実在を仮定すれば、その年代は4世紀半ばに当たるか。
- The description of the Emperor Seimu in Kyuji (mythical tradition) of the 'Kojiki and Nihonshoki' is far less than that of the other emperors, therefore, his historical existence is being suspected, but if he did exist, it might have been in the middle of the fourth century.
- 『東武皇帝の実像ー戊辰の歴史に埋もれたもう一人の天皇』山陰久志(『別冊歴史読本 皇位継承の危機 皇室典範改正に向けて皇統の本義に迫る!』新人物往来社、2005年5月25日号)
- 'The truths of the Emperor Tobu - Another Emperor buried under the history of Boshin', Hisashi YAMAKAGE ('Separate volume history book, Crisis of succession to the Imperial Throne, Approach the basic principle of the imperial line toward Revision of Imperial House Act', Shinjinbutsu Oraisha, issued on May 25, 2005)
- ただし、天皇の正妃「大后」として律令制以前からの歴史を有する皇后とは違い、妃は後宮職員令に定められた「後宮の職員」の職務として天皇の配偶者の役割を果たすものと考えられている。
- Unlike Okisaki (an Empress) who is a lawful wife of Emperor and has long history before the ritsuryo system introduced, Hi was considered as 'a employee of Kokyu palace' who fulfills a role as Emperor's spouse provided in Gokushikiinryo (後宮職員令) (The Administrative Code of Kokyu palace).
- なお、年齢については、『水鏡』に「御年四十五(45歳)」とあり、これに基づいて逆算すれば、允恭天皇29年(440年)の誕生となるが、どれだけ史実を反映しているかは不明である。
- And as for her age, 'she is forty-five (45 years old),' was written in 'Mizu Kagami (The Water Mirror),' and to calculate her age inversely based on this, it is Emperor Ingyo 29 (440), but it is not clear how it true to the historical fact.
- 歴史学界では、1950年代の壬申の乱計画・非計画論争を経て、大海人皇子が駅鈴を求めたのは高坂王の反応をうかがい、あわよくば自らの移動に役立てるためであったとする説が定着した。
- In history societies, a theory that Prince Oama called for ekirei in order to look for Takasaka no Okimi's reaction and use him to help their transportation if possible, became established after an argument over the Jinshin war was planned or unplanned in 1950's.
- この法律によれば、歴史上または美術上特に重要な価値のある物件の海外輸出には文部大臣の許可を要することとされ、許可を要する物件は、文部大臣が認定し、官報に告示することとなった。
- It was provided in this Law that exporting to foreign countries of the properties which are historically and artistically important would be subject to approval of the Minister of Education, and that the Minister would accredit the subject properties and notify the public of such properties through the official gazettes.
- その教団は諸子百家の一家となって儒家となり、徳による王道で天下を治めるべきであり、同時代の武力による覇道を批判し、事実、そのように歴史が推移してきたとする徳治主義を主張した。
- The religious community became a school of Shoshi hyakka (The Various Masters of the 100 Schools: Thinkers of Ancient China) as Ju-ka (Confucianist), and advocated the principle of rule by virtue of the sovereignty, which believed the country should be governed by the rule of virtue, criticizing the rule by military power and plots in those days, and claiming that in fact, history had progressed in such ways.
- これより帯の巨大化に伴って帯を後ろ結びにする風習が若い娘から堅気の女性一般に広まり、より帯結びが複雑化し豪奢な帯が求められるなど、日本の服飾史にとっては大きな転回点となった。
- Since then, as the obi grew longer and bigger, the practice of tying it in the back spread from young ladies to decent women in general, and a more luxurious obi were sought as obi tying became more complex, resulting in a great turning point in the history of Japanese fashion.
- 臣下に降籍してからという形を取ったが、史料上確実な「臣下の妻となった初めての皇女」である(令の規定により皇女(内親王)は三世王(天皇の孫)までにしか嫁げないことになっていた)。
- She was the first Princess who became the wife of a husband who was a subject with a historical record, although she married after being demoted from nobility to a commoner, due to regulations issued by the Emperor, the Princesses (Imperial Princesses) were only allowed to marry Princes up to the third generation (the Emperor's grandchildren).
- 日本の飴細工の歴史は、中国から来た職人が京都に住み町で売ったことで技術が伝来したといわれ、延暦15年(796年)の東寺の建立時に飴細工がつくられ、供物としてささげられたという。
- The history of amezaiku in Japan started when craftsmen from China lived in Kyoto and sold the products there, by which the technique was introduced, and in 796 when To-ji Temple was built amezaiku was made and dedicated as an offering.
- が、盛季以前の下国家の系譜は諸系図によりまちまちであり、一級史料に見える名と系図の名が一致しない等系図の信憑性に疑問が持たれているため、実態については、いまだ研究の途上にある。
- However, the pedigree of the Shimonokuni family before the time of Morisue varies depending on the various family trees, and as some of the names that appear in some family trees do not concord with the names that appear in the first class historical materials, the credibility of these genealogical records is questioned and the reality is still under study.
- 正道官衙遺跡(国の史跡)や久世神社、水度神社(いずれも本殿は国の重要文化財)などの歴史的建築物を多数擁するほか、京都サンガF.C.の練習場であるサンガタウン城陽が置かれている。
- The city has a wealth of historic buildings such as the Shodo-kanga-iseki Ruins (ruins designated as a national historical relic site), the Kuse-jinja Shrine (its main shrine being designated as Important Cultural Property) and the Mito-jinja Shrine (its main shrine also being designated as Important Cultural Property), as well as Sanga Town Joyo, a training ground for Kyoto Sanga F.C.
- 病気回復を願う祈祷(現代では迷信だが、当時は立派な医療行為のひとつ)が行われたとの史料がないことから、医療行為を施されず見殺しにされたとの主張(さらに踏み込んで暗殺説)もある。
- Because no historical material suggests that the prayer (now it is just a superstition but was a highly respectable medical treatment at that time) was given to wish her recovery from illness, some people insists that she was left to die without receiving any medical treatment (there is even an assassination theory).
- 旧侯爵・佐々木行忠は、昭和17年に皇典講究所長、國學院大學長にあげられ、さらに国史編修院総裁を経て、昭和21年に東京大神宮宮司、同26年には伊勢神宮大宮司に就任した国史の大家。
- The former marquess Yukisada SASAKI, an authority on Kokushi (national history), was appointed as head of Koten Kokyujo and president of Kokugakuin University in 1942, and then served as the president of Kokushi-henshu-in, Guji of Tokyo Daijingu in 1946 and Daiguji of Ise Jingu in 1951.
- 用明天皇の崩御(587年)後に王位継承者として候補に挙がったらしいが、対立する蘇我系王族が台頭したため、以後の史料には活動が一切見えず、蘇我氏によって暗殺されたとの憶測もある。
- After the Emperor Yomei died in 587, he was raised up as the successor to the throne, but the Soga clan, the opposition appeared, and no further activities of Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko is found in any historical documents; it is assumed that he was assassinated by the Soga clan.
- 前者は首里手となり、後者は那覇手となったとするのが一般的な解釈であるが、上記二派は中国でもその存在が確認されておらず、どの程度歴史的事実であったのかは、疑問の残るところである。
- It is widely accepted that the former became Shuri-te and the latter became Naha-te, but considering that the existence of those two schools hasn't been confirmed in China, the historical validity of this account has yet to be established.
- 題材は歴史的事件が中心だったが、題材をわかりやすく解説し観衆の理解を深めるという点が再評価され、現在では国際的事件や経営理論など、歴史以外の題材を取り上げる試みもなされている。
- Although it used to center on historical events, there have been attempts to deal with subject matter other than historical events, such as international events and managerial theories nowadays, as its aspect of promoting the audience's understanding with easier subjects has been reassessed.
- 「橿原」の地名が早く失われたために宮跡は永らく不明であったが、江戸時代以来、多くの史家が「畝傍山東南橿原地」の記述を基に口碑や古書の蒐集を行っており、その成果は蓄積されていった。
- As the place-name 'Kashiara' had been lost so early that remains of Imperial Palace had been unknown for a long time; however, many historians began to collect legends and old books according to the description 'Unebiyama Tonan Kashiharachi' from the Edo period and after, so as to accumulate the achievements of collection.
- 崇神・垂仁の二帝の名は和風諡号ではなく実名(諱)をそのまま記紀に記載した、とする説も存在しており、「イリ王朝」が古代日本史に於いて、如何に特殊かつ重要な存在であったかを伺わせる。
- The theory that Emperor Sujin and Emperor Suinin were recorded in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki not under their posthumous names but under their real names indicates how unique and important the Iri Dynasty was in ancient Japan.
- 北部の新橋通から白川沿いの地区は国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定、南部の花見小路を挟む一帯は京都市の歴史的景観保全修景地区に指定され、伝統ある町並みの保護と活用が進んでいる。
- The north of Gion which stretches from Shinbashi-dori Street to the Shira-kawa River has been selected as one of the Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings while the area in the south around Hanamikoji-dori Street has been designated as the Historical Landscape Preservation and Improvement District: the preservation and use of traditional townscape have been enhanced.
- 『高遠記集成』(『木曽福島町史』)によると、信濃国木曾谷の木曾家領主・木曾家村(木曾義仲七世孫と称する)の甥・木曾家佐(木曾家定の子)が木曽郡上野に土着したことから始まるという。
- According to 'Koenkishusei' (A History of Kisofukushima Town), the clan started when 木曾家佐 (Iesada KISO's son), a nephew of Iemura KISO (claimed to be the seventh descendent of Yoshinaka KISO), the lord of the Kiso family in Kiso-dani Valley, Shinano Province, settled in Ueno, Kiso County.
- この場合、明治維新から第2次世界大戦までの日本の政治体制は絶対主義であり、明治維新はブルジョワ的市民革命ではなく、不十分な改革であったと評価される、社会経済史理論の一形態である。
- This is a theory of socioeconomic history to say that the political system in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until World War II was to be absolutism and that the Meiji Restoration was not a bourgeois revolution but an unfinished reform.
- 例えば千葉県松戸市の戸定歴史館に展示されている徳川家関連の文書では「日本国皇帝」の国内向け使用例(1903年徳川家達への貴族院 (日本)議長の任命辞令等)を確認することができる。
- For example, in Tokugawa family-related documents exhibited in Tojo History Museum in Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, usage examples of the title 'Nihonkoku Kotei' for domestic communication (e.g. the letter of appointment of Iesato TOKUGAWA to Chairman of the House of Peers in 1903) can be seen.
- 日本にはおそらく奈良時代頃に伝来した豉(し、日本ではくきと読まれ久喜の字もあてられていた)と考えられている塩豉(後の塩辛納豆)と淡豉(平安以降歴史から姿を消す)との2種類がある。
- In Japan there were two types: enshi (later shiokara natto) and tanshi (which vanished into history after the Heian period), and they are believed to be shi (pronounced as 'kuki' in Japan and the kanji '久喜' was also used for the word) which is deemed to have been introduced in around the Nara period.
- 騎射は世界史的にはスキタイ文化(紀元前8世紀~紀元前3世紀)の初期から存在し、この疾走する馬上から矢を射るという特異性から古代ギリシア人はケンタウロスを想像したと考えられている。
- Kisha has existed since the beginning of Scythian culture (8 B.C. to 3 B.C.) and it is presumed that ancient Greek people imagined the Centaur when they first saw someone shooting an arrow while riding a horse.
- 茶の湯で台子が使われたことを示す史料の初見は『松屋会記』の天文6年(1537年)で、その後は津田宗達(1504~1566)が盛んに用いたことが『天王寺屋会記』で裏付けられている。
- The historical material concerning daisu in the tea ceremony first appeared in 'Matsuya Kaiki' (Record of the Tea Ceremony at Matsuya) (1537), and then 'Tennojiya Kaiki' (Record of the Tea Ceremony at Tennojiya) states that Sotatsu TSUDA (1504-1566) often used daisu.
- 京都府指定・登録文化財一覧(きょうとふしてい・とうろくぶんかざいいちらん)は京都府指定または登録の文化財や史跡等を一覧形式でまとめたものであるが、全てを掲載しているわけではない。
- A list of cultural properties designated and registered by Kyoto Prefecture lists the cultural properties and historical sites and the like, designated or registered by Kyoto Prefecture in a view format, but not all the data are recorded.
- ただし、「西院」をもって一つの語なのであるから、後西では意味が通じなくなるので、他の太上天皇の院号と同一視して院を除くのではなく、後西院天皇と称するべきであるとする歴史学者も多い。
- However, many historians say that his name should be Emperor Gosaiin and should not remove the suffix 'in' like other names of retired emperors as 'Saiin' should be used as one word; they say it would make no sense with only 'Gosai.'
- 国史『日本三代実録』を完成させ、また律令政治の基本法である三代格式の撰修に取り掛かったりしたが、完成に至らぬまま早世し、弟藤原忠平らがその志を継いで延長5年(927年)に完成した。
- He finished making National History, 'Nihon San-dai Jitsuroku' and also entered into editing the San-dai Kyakushiki government, which was the basic law of ritsuryo codes, but he died without finishing it, and in 927 his brother FUJIWARA no Tadahira succeeded in Tokihira's desire to finish it.
- その後、江戸時代に地下家として、外記の青山家(中務省史生)・深井家(賛者)、弁官の和田家(弁侍)などが橘姓を称し、中でも深井家は薄家の直系(祖の定基を以継の子とする)とされている。
- Afterwards, in the Edo period, several families, such as the Aoyama family (Shisho [official worker at the Ministry of Central Affaires]) and the Fukai family (Sanja [an assistant to the minor councilor]) working as Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), the Wada family (bensaburai (弁侍))working as Benkan (Controller of the Oversight Department, division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices), used the sei (authentic surname) 'Tachibana,' and among them, the Fukai family is said to have been the direct line of the Susuki family (the family's ancestor, Sadamoto, was said to be Yukitsugu's son).
- 福知山の古くからの住民は、丹波の氷上(丹波市)を中心に、但馬や丹後から移り住んで来た歴史があり、現在もなお通勤・通学する人は多く、市民の多くはその地出身であると言う人も少なくない。
- Ancient residents in Fukuchiyama moved mainly from Hikami (Tanba City), but also from Tajima and Tango; there are still many people that commute from such places and say that they are descended from these places.
- 和太鼓は、縄文時代には既に、情報伝達の手段として利用されていたといわれており、日本における太鼓の歴史は非常に古く、日本神話の天岩戸の場面でも桶を伏せて音を鳴らしたと伝えられている。
- It is said that the Japanese drum had already been used as a means of the information transmission during the Jomon Period, and the history of the drum in Japan is very old and can even be traced back to a scene in the Japanese myth 'ama-no-iwato' (the door of the rock room in heaven) in which a tub was placed bottom upward to make a sound.
- 1911年(明治44年)、小学校の歴史教科書に鎌倉幕府滅亡以後の時代を「南北朝時代」とする記述があった点が、南朝と北朝を対等に扱っているとして帝国議会で問題とされた(南北朝正閏論)。
- In 1911 there was an issue raised in the Imperial Diet concerning the description of the post Kamakura shogunate era called 'the period of the Northern and Souther Courts,' because it was said that both Courts were treated equally.
- 欠史十代(けっしじゅうだい)とは、『古事記』において、系譜のみが記され、その事績は記されていない第24代仁賢天皇から第33代推古天皇までの10人の天皇のこと、あるいはその時代を指す。
- Kesshi-Judai refers to the ten Emperors from the twenty-fourth Emperor Ninken to the thirty-third Empress Suiko, who only have their genealogy and not their achievements recorded in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), or to this period of time.
- 雄略天皇の即位の年(457)、「騁射(うまゆみ)」を行ったと『日本書紀』が伝え、「賀茂祭に民衆を集めて騎射を禁ず」の記事が『続日本紀』にしるされるなど、古い歴史を持つ日本古来の馬術。
- An entry in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) explains that in the year of the enthronement Emperor Yuryaku (in 457), they practiced 'Umayumi' (horseback archery), and in the 'Shoku Nihongi' (the Sequel of the Chronicles of Japan) it explains that 'horseback archery shall be prohibited when people get together at the Kamo Matsuri Festival,' it has been a Japanese equestrian art with a long history since ancient times.
- 「女義太夫」という呼び方は、たとえば『演劇百科辞典』(平凡社)や『国史大辞典』(吉川弘文館)で「女義太夫」として立項されているが、21世紀に入ってからは「女流義太夫」が一般的である。
- The term 'Onna-gidayu' is listed in 'Encyclopedia of Theatrical Arts (published by Heibon-sha)' or in 'Kokushi Daijiten (Great Dictionary of National History)' (published by Yoshikawa Kobunkan), for example, but during the twenty-first century, the term 'Joryu-gidayu' is generally used.
- 吉田東伍の「古代半島諸国興廃概考」(8月号『史学会雑誌』21号p.21~22。)に素盞鳴尊の韓郷之島曽尸茂梨之処の曽尸茂梨を牛頭山とし、漢の春秋戦国時代の西暦紀元前4世紀と推定した。
- In his paper 'Study of Emergence and Disappearance of Ancient Countries in the Korean Peninsula' (August 1891 edition of 'Journal of Historical Studies,' volume 21, p.21-p.22), Togo YOSHIDA proposed that 'Soshimori in the Korean island called Soshimori, which is visited by Susanoo' is Mt. Gyuto and that was around the fourth century B.C. during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period in China.
- 歴史学者の間で最も有力なものは1951年に岩橋小弥太が論文「天智天皇の立て給ひし常の典」で提唱した直系皇位継承法説で、兄弟継承を排して天皇の子への皇位継承を定めた法だとするものである。
- The most widely-accepted theory is the direct line imperial succession code theory that Koyata IWASAKI presented in 1951 in his article 'The permanent code established by his majesty Emperor Tenchi,' in which he argues that this is the law that determinates the imperial succession rule, eliminating collateral successions between brothers.
- 羽根突き(はねつき)は、1300年の歴史を持つ、日本の正月によく行われる伝統的な遊戯のひとつであり、2人がムクロジの種子に羽を付けたものを羽子板で打ち合う、女子の遊戯や縁起行為である。
- Hanetsuki, with a history of 1,300 years, is one of traditional games often played in New Year's Holidays in Japan, and is a girls' game or action for good luck where two players bandy a fletched soapberry seed with Hagoita (battledore).
- 天皇家の系図は、『古事記』・『日本書紀』を初めとする史書に基づいて作られ、その起源は紀元前660年に即位した神武天皇、さらにはその始祖であるクニノトコタチなどの神々に始まるとされている。
- The genealogy of the Emperor's family is made based on history books including the 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) and 'Ninhonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and the origin is regarded as Emperor Jinmu, who was enthroned in 660 B.C., and furthermore gods such as Kuninotokotachi who are the progenitor of the Emperors.
- これは戦時体制下で過度に利用されたが、皇国史観それ自体は極度に否定されるものではなく、長い日本の歴史の歩みの中で国民に継承されてきた伝統、文化的な価値観として肯定的に評価するものである。
- Although it was overly exploited by the wartime regime, the Kokoku Shikan (an emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) itself should not be seen as something to be vehemently denied, but as something that should be positively valued as representing cultural values that have been passed down from one generation of the Japanese people to the next over the course of Japan's long history.
- 従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎脚本やうわべだけの近代化に終わった活歴物と違う、新しい歌舞伎劇を目指すべく、1893年(明治26年)論文『我が邦の史劇』を発表、その実践例としてこの作品を創作した。
- Aiming at creating a new kabuki drama unlike traditional unrealistic scripts or historical drama modernized only on the surface, he published a paper titled 'Wagakuni no Shigeki (Japan's historical drama)' in 1893 and put his theory into practice by creating this work.
- 古代史家の三宅和朗はこの変化について、平安初期における触穢信仰の高まりが、葬送儀礼にも深く関わっていた方相氏に対する忌避感を強め、穢れとして追われる側に変化させたのではないかとしている。
- Kazuo MIYAKE, an ancient historian explains that this change may have occurred because popularity of Shokue shinko (uncleanliness religion) in the early Heian period developed the sense of avoidance against Hososhi, who had been deeply related with funeral rites, and altered the position of Hososhi to be expelled as impurities.
- 伝統的な儒教史では、金では道学は行われず、モンゴルの捕虜となった趙復が姚枢・王惟中に伝えたことによって初めて道学が北伝したとされたが、現在では金でも道学が行われていたことが知られている。
- According to traditional history of Ju-kyo, Do school was not active in Chin, and it was first handed down to the north when Cho Fuku, who became a captive in Mongolia, passed it to Yo Su (Yao Shu) and O Ichu, but today, it is known that the Do school was active in Chin.
- 明治に入り、近代歴史学が導入されると、歴史は、同時代史料や、同時代史料に基づくと推定される良質の編纂史料に根拠を持つものによってのみ叙述されるべきだという原則が広く承認されるようになった。
- After the introduction of the study of modern history in the Meiji period, the principle that history should be described on the basis of historical documents at the same period or compiled historical documents in good quality, being considered to have been based on documents at the same period, was widely approved.
- なお従来は、将軍家の弓馬師範は信濃小笠原氏が務めたとされたり、貞宗が後醍醐天皇の師範、長高が足利尊氏の師範を務めたなどの説が流布していたが、これらは後世の付会に過ぎず史料的裏付けに乏しい。
- There had been some theories that the Shinano-Ogasawara clan served as the master of kyuba of the shogun family, Sadamune served as the master of Emperor Godaigo and Nagataka served as the master of Takauji ASHIKAGA, but those are sophistries without any evidence of historical materials.
- 艶麗さと古雅な味いを共存させ、寂びた風情には捨てがたいものがあるが、惜しむらくは常磐津と清元のあいだにあって独自性が発揮できなかったために、歴史の流れに打ち克つことができなかったのである。
- Although its elegant simplicity, arising from the combination of eroticism and antique flavor, has a charm all its own, it has failed to show its uniqueness against Tokiwazu and Kiyomoto and therefore cannot resist the tide of history.
- 遊牧民族の弓騎兵に対し勝利した欧州国家は数少なく、『ヤクサルティス川の戦い(紀元前329年)』では名将アレキサンダー大王が弓騎兵と戦い打ち負かす事に成功した数少ない歴史的勝利の1つである。
- Few European countries won against the archery cavalry soldiers of the nomadic tribes, and there is one rare example in history where the famous Alexander the Great beat and won a battle against archery cavalry soldiers in 'the Battle of the Yaxartes River' in 329 B.C.
- 特に母の皇極天皇が舒明天皇の前に結婚していた高向王との間に生まれた漢王と同一人物(つまり、天武異父兄説)ではないかとする考えが有名であるが、同一史料には矛盾は見られない(詳しくは下記参照)。
- Although according to a well known theory, the Emperor Tenmu and Aya no kimi, who was the son of the Empress Kogyoku and her former husband Takamukuo, was actually the same person (therefore the Emperor Tenmu was the older maternal half-brother of the Emperor Tenchi); there are no contradictions within the historical materials (The details are as follows.)
- 話は大きく分けて、伊豆大島に流罪になった為朝の活躍をほぼ史実に添って書いた前篇、琉球に渡った為朝による琉球王国再建を書いた後篇があり、特に後篇のスケールの大きさと破天荒な展開が好評を博した。
- The story was divided into the prequel that depicted the deeds of Tametomo exiled to Izu-oshima Island almost according to the truth and the reconstruction of Ryukyu Kingdom by Tametomo that travelled there in sequel that vastness and unexpected development especially in later volumes brought popularity to the later edition.
- しかし史実を踏まえた架空の登場人物の設定は極めて複雑かつ矛盾に満ちたものになっており、そのため初演以来これが通しで演じられることは稀で、通常は二段目返しの「南禅寺山門の場」のみが上演される。
- However, because of the complicated setting including the background of those characters and of many contradictions, it has been rarely fully performed since after the opening, and at present, usually only the second act's kaeshi 'Nanzen-ji Sanmon-no-ba' is performed.
- 結果的に坂東平氏は源氏一門や藤原氏一門に恭順し家臣となるか、あるいは抵抗して追討されるなどして、東国史上華々しい成果を収めなかったのに対し、伊勢平氏の平清盛は西国を制して中央政権を牛耳った。
- Families of the Bando-Heishi clan either became retainers for or rebelled against and suppressed by the Genji and Fujiwara clans, and thus hardly left their marks on the history of Togoku, while TAIRA no Kiyomori who came from the Ise-Heishi ruled Saigoku and controlled the central government.
- しかし戦後に、歴史とりわけ天皇に関する自由な研究が認められることになったことから、継体は従来の大王家とは血縁のない「新王朝の始祖(初代大王)」とする説(水野祐「三王朝交代説」)が提唱された。
- But after the World War II, it was allowed to conduct the study of history, especially study of emperor more freely, which gave rise to a theory claiming that Keitai was the 'founder of a new dynasty (the first king)' ('Changes of Dynasties Theory' by Yu MIZUNO).
- これに対して、「自由主義史観」では、歴史解釈は「類似」し、「平行」する現象の存在により成立するので、幕府が外交権・貿易権を有した江戸時代がすでに絶対主義体制であったと考えられる、としている。
- On the other hand, in the 'liberalism view of history', interpretation of history is determined with the existence of 'similar' and 'parallel' phenomenon; therefore, it says that in the Edo period when the Bakufu (shogunate) who had the diplomatic rights and the trading rights, it was thought to have already been under a system of absolutism.
- 一度臣籍に下った者が皇位につくのは、日本の皇位継承史の中でも極めて異例であるが天皇の子の身分の決定は天皇の専権事項である(臣籍に降ろした実子を皇族に戻す事も許される)として押し切ったのである。
- It was an unusual example of Japanese Imperial succession for an Imperial member who had been demoted from nobility to subject, to come back and succeed the throne, it was forced to decision because the Emperor had the absolute right to chose the rank of the Emperor's children.
- その系譜についても、伝承されている系図が、南部氏の史料とは概ね一致するものの、前述の寺社修造棟札写から復元される歴代とは異なっており、女川家も含めてその実態については今後の研究が待たれている。
- For the pedigree also, although the handed-down genealogy roughly concord with the historical materials kept by the Nanbu clan, it does not concord with the years estimated based on the description of the above mentioned copy of Shaji shuzo munefuda, thus, including that of the Onagawa family, further research has been expected for the actual state.
- また、海外史料との相対比較から、『宋書』や『梁書』に見える倭の五王の讃に比定する説(ほかに仁徳や履中を比定する説もある)、「広開土王碑」に見える倭国の朝鮮進出を指揮した可能性も指摘されている。
- Also, from relative comparisons with historical materials abroad, there is a theory which identifies him with San of the five kings of Wa, who appear in 'Sungshu (Book of the Sung dynasty)' and 'Book of the Liang dynasty' (in addition, there are theories which identify Nintoku or Richu with San) and a possibility has been pointed out that he might have directed the advancement of Wakoku (Japan) to Korea,which is written in 'Gwanggaeto Stele.'
- シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
- Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.
- 現在の日本は世界の歴史的観点から見て明治維新からそう月日が流れておらず、食文化は都道府県の区分けによって分かれているのではなく、明治初頭の廃藩置県前まであった藩ごとの地方によって分かれている。
- From the viewpoint of world history, not many years have passed since the Meiji Restoration, and food culture is not classified by prefecture, but classified by region under a domain which existed before Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in the early Meiji period.
- 四条流庖丁式の次第が記述され、まな板の名所・寸法などから記載が始まり、続いて具体的な料理法や、箸・膳の飾り方なども記載されており、当時の日本料理の素材や調理法を知る上で貴重な史料となっている。
- Since the book contains a description of the ritual of the kitchen-knife method in Shijo School as well as descriptions starting with the naming and size of each place on the cutting board, followed by specific recipes, and decoration methods for chopsticks and eating utensils, it is now considered as a valuable historical source of information on materials and the art of cooking of the Japanese cuisine of those days.
- 史料編纂に興味を持ち、天明の大火で失った家伝の再編纂を決意、「奥村家系図」、「千家御好表具并諸色寸法控」乾巻・坤巻を著し、茶道具の様式や、茶会のルールなど、貴重な資料を後世に伝える功績を残す。
- He was interested in compiling historical materials, and decided to recompile the family tradition lost during the Great Fire of Tenmei, writing 'A Family Tree of the Okumura Family' and two volumes of 'A Record of Colors and Sizes of Mounting Preferred by the House of Sen,' producing important historical materials concerning styles of tea utensils and tea party rules for posterity.
- 現在では抹茶を入れる陶器製の茶入(濃茶器)に対して、抹茶を入れる塗物の器を薄茶器(薄器)と呼ぶが、棗がこの薄茶器の総称として用いられてしまう場合も多い(その歴史に関しては薄茶器の項目を参照)。
- Today, the earthenware chaire (tea container) for powdered green tea is called koicha-ki (tea utensil for thick tea) while the lacquer ware chaire is called usucha-ki (tea utensil for light tea), but natsume is often used as the generic name for a container for usucha (See the item for usucha-ki for its history.)
- さらに徹底して、折口信夫の中天皇あるいは民俗学者がいうヒメ・ヒコ制で歴史を整理すれば、『古事記』・『日本書紀』の矛盾の多くが解決し、巨大古墳の被葬者の治定も容易に定まることになるとする意見もある。
- Furthermore, there is an opinion that quite a few inconsistencies in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' are solved, and deceased persons in the gigantic ancient tomb are easily identified by reviewing history adopting the Nobuo ORIGUCHI's theory regarding Nakatsusumeramikoto; Empress or Princess who is a liaison between God and Emperor, and the Hime-Hiko system advocated by folklore scholars; the Princess-Prince system; governing the country by female and male imperial family members.
- 平安時代~室町時代のものは、薄葬によって位置を特定することが困難なものや陵が置かれた寺院が廃滅したことによって所在が不明になってしまったものなどが多く、ますます歴史学的・考古学的信頼度は低下する。
- The locations of many of the mausoleums built from the Heian to the Muromachi period are difficult to identify due to simplified burial styles, or are unknown due to temple closures, further reducing the historical and archaeological reliability of identification.
- 近年の研究では、陸奥国一宮鹽竈神社の神人であり鹽竈神社の神領の管理をしていたこと、「津軽山賊」と記載された史料があること等から、「海民」、「山民」としての性格を持つ豪族であったとも推定されている。
- In the recent studies, the following things are assumed: the clan was a jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) at Ichinomiya Shiogama-jinja Shrine in Mutsu Province, in charge of the management of the shrine estate of Shiogama-jinja Shrine, it can be understppd that it was a local ruling lord which had certain characters of 'Kaimin' (maritime people) as well as 'sanmin' (mountain people) according to the historical materials in which the clan's name registered as 'Tsugaru Sanzoku' (bandit of Tsugaru).
- なお親王の日記『吏部王記』は原本も写本も現存しないが、後世の日記や書物に引用された逸文から見て、朝議に関する詳細な記録を書き留めたものであったらしく、当時の朝廷の儀式・典礼に関する貴重な史料である。
- Also, although the original manuscript for Ribuoki (also pronounced Rihioki), the diary of Imperial Prince Shigeakira, has not survived and no copies are presently known to exist, extracts from it that appear in later diaries and documents suggest that it included detailed reports on conferences held at the Imperial Court, providing a valuable historical record of the ceremonies and rituals practiced at the Imperial Court at that time.
- 近世にも仏教絵画は多数制作されるが、この時代には形の上では障壁画、屏風絵、ジャンルの上では文人画、琳派、円山四条派、浮世絵などさまざまな絵画が制作され、仏教絵画は絵画史の主流であったとは言いがたい。
- During the early modern ages a large number of Buddhist paintings were created, which are classified by shape into paintings on the walls of fusuma of a building and painting on folding screens, and by genres into literati painting, Rimpa school, MARUYAMA Shijo school, Ukiyoe, and others, and therefore it is difficult to say that Buddhist paintings were of the main stream in the history of paintings.
- 昭和43年に志田諒一が『勝田市史』において発祥を義光の子である源義清 (武田冠者)(武田冠者)が常陸国那珂郡武田郷(現・茨城県ひたちなか市武田、旧勝田市)において武田姓を名乗ったとする説を提唱した。
- Ryoichi SHIDA asserted in his book 'The History of Katsuta City' published in 1968 that the founder of the clan was Minamoto no Yoshikiyo (Takeda kaja), a son of Yoshimitsu, who used the Takeda clan as a family name in Takeda-gori, Naka-gun, Hitachi Province (Takeda, Hitachinaka City, formerly Katsuta City, Ibaragi Prefecture).
- また佐伯好郎は1908年(明治41年)1月、『地理歴史 百号』(主宰 喜田貞吉)に収載の「太秦(禹豆麻佐)を論ず」において秦氏は景教(キリスト教のネストリウス派)徒のユダヤ人であるとの説をとなえた。
- In January 1908, Yoshiro SAEKI advanced a new theory in his article titled, 'A Discussion about Uzumasa' printed in 'Chiri Rekishi' (Geography and History) No. 100 (edited by Sadakichi KIDA), this being that the Hata families were Jews who embraced 'Keikyo' (Nestorianism).
- 引き続き権力を握った仲麻呂(恵美押勝に改名)は唐で安史の乱が発生したことを機に、淳仁天皇の名において隣国新羅の討伐を目論み、国内制度も日本的なものから唐のものへ名称を変更するなどの政策を推し進めた。
- Inspired by the Anshi War in Tang Dynasty, Nakamaro, (now EMI no Oshikatsu) who continued in power, planned to attack neighboring Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) and forged ahead with such policies as to change the names of domestic systems from Japanese style to Chinese style.
- 臣下により天皇が殺害されたのは、確定している例では唯一である(他には、毒殺の疑いのある孝明天皇の例が未確定である。安康天皇は同じ皇族によって殺害されているが、史実性が低いので除外されることが多い)。
- This is the only confirmed case of an Emperor being killed by his vassal. (There is an unconfirmed case of Emperor Komei who was allegedly poisoned to death. Also, Emperor Anko was allegedly killed by one of the members of the Imperial family, but his case is often excluded due to its low historicity.)
- 神沢貞幹の『翁草』によると生まれが元旦でそのとき火事があり且つ実績も立派という共通点から聖徳太子の再来といわれ、歴史家としても知られた公家の柳原紀光も「延喜・天暦の治以来の聖代である」と評したという。
- According to 'Okina gusa,' by Teikan KANZAWA, the Emperor was called the return of Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), since they had similarities such as a New Year's birthday and there was a fire on the day of birth, or that they both achieved a lot in politics; moreover, the famous historian and court noble, Motomitsu YANAGIHARA, referred to the Emperor as 'the first Saint Emperor since the peaceful era of Engi and Tenryaku.'
- 上国家は、一般的に湊家と称し、遅くとも天文 (元号)年間には京都扶持衆となっていること、代々「左衛門佐」を名乗り本願寺や細川氏とも誼を通じるなど中央との交流があったこと等が史料から確認されていること。
- Based on the historical materials, the following facts were confirmed; the Kaminokuni family usually used the name of Minato family, and at latest in the Tenmon era, the family was raised to Kyoto fuchishu (warriors from Kanto or Tohoku region in the Muromachi Period, who served Seii taishogun in Kyoto under a direct master-servant relationship), and that, the family had a certain connection with the central government as associating with Hongan-ji Temple and the Hosokawa clan, and the family proclaimed itself 'Saemon no suke' (assistant captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) for generations.
- さらに、出雲大神宮や継体天皇元年に初めて神殿が建立された元愛宕神社 (京都市)や立命館大学創立者の中川小十郎の子息である有名な彫刻家流政之氏のくぐりほていがある養仙寺もあるなど歴史的に古い地域である。
- Moreover, the area is a historical site with the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine, the Moto-Atago-jinja Shrine (Kyoto City) whose first shrine was established in 507, and the Yosen-ji Temple, which possesses the sculpture 'Kuguri Hotei' created by the famous sculptor Masayuki NAGARE, a son of Kojuro NAKAGAWA who founded Ritsumeikan University.
- その際、周辺の民家(畝傍8戸、久米4戸、四条1戸)の一般村計13戸が移転し(『橿原神宮規模拡張事業竣成概要報告』)、洞部落208戸、1054人が1917年(大正6年)に移転した(宮内庁「畝傍部沿革史」)。
- On this occasion, a total of 13 houses in surrounding villages (eight houses in Unebi, four houses in Kume and one house in Shijo) were relocated (summary report of completion of Kashihara-Jingu Shrine's scale widening project); moreover, in 1917, 1,054 people of 208 houses in Ho buraku (hamlet) were moved (Imperial Household Agency, 'Chronology of Unebi部').
- 京都のなかでもとりわけ歴史的建造物などの多い場所であるため再開発事業などに対しての規制が比較的厳しく、住環境の整備がなかなか行わない為、『都会の過疎地』となっている(現在、市内11区中で人口が最も少ない。
- Since Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto has a wealth of historic buildings, regulations on redevelopment projects in the area has been relatively strict, causing insufficient improvement of the living environment; as a result, the ward has become a 'sparsely-populated urban area' (the ward has the smallest population in the eleven wards in Kyoto City).
- 今日の住友家の基礎、住友財閥の出発点は、この住友友芳が開発した別子銅山によって築き上げられたものであると言ってよく、事実、住友家の歴史の中では、この四世吉左衛門友芳をもって、「住友家中興の祖」としている。
- The foundation of today's Sumitomo Family, or the starting point of Sumitomo Zaibatsu, can be said to have been built by the Besshidozan copper mine that Tomoyoshi SUMITOMO developed; and in fact, in the history of the Sumitomo Family, the fourth-generation kichizaemon Tomoyoshi is considered to be the 'restorer of the Sumitomo Family.'
- そして鎌倉後期には、着脱が容易なように腰で結ぶ小腰をゆるく結んで肩にかける、いわゆる掛帯(懸帯)式の裳が成立していたことが絵画史料から知られる(奈良国立博物館蔵普賢菩薩十羅刹女像・時代不同歌合絵巻ほか)。
- And that at the end of Kamakura period, so-called kakeobi type mo, with kogoshi loosely tied at the waist was put on the shoulder in order to make it easy to put on and take off of it became easy, was already established is known from historical materials and pictures such as statues of Fugen Bosatsu (universal god) and ju-rasetsunyo (the ten demonesses), possessed by the Nara National Museum and illustrated narrative scrolls of waka competitions of a different time.
- 天皇は日本の歴史において重要な権威を有していたが、実際に君主として統治権を行使していた期間は、天皇が存在していた期間と比べ極端に短く、ほとんどが天皇以外の貴族や武家、官僚などによって統治権は行使されている。
- The Emperor held important authority in Japanese history, but the length of the period which the Emperor held the actual sovereignty as the ruler is extremely short compared to the length of the period the Emperor had existed, and most of the sovereignty was held by nobilities other than the Emperor, samurai families, bureaucracy, etc.
- 正徳6年2月18日(1716年4月10日)には納采の儀を済ませるも、そのわずか2ヶ月後の享保元年4月30日(1716年6月19日))に家継が死去したため、史上初の武家への皇女降嫁、関東下向には至らなかった。
- After the ceremony of exchanging betrothal presents was held on April 10, 1716, Ietsugu died just after two months after the ceremony on June 19, 1716, the descending marriage from the Imperial Princess to the Samurai family, the first time in the history, going to Kanto did not happen.
- なお、綏靖天皇から開化天皇までの初期8人の天皇について、綏靖即位前のこの皇位継承争いを除けば、記紀には系譜(帝紀)のみが伝えられ、事績(旧辞)が全く記されていないため、一般にまとめて「欠史八代」と称される。
- Except for the conflict over the imperial succession by Emperor Suizei, descriptions given in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki' about the eight emperors from Emperor Suizei to Emperor Kaika are limited to their genealogies (imperial pedigrees) and since no descriptions of their achievements (historical developments) are given, these eight generations of emperors are collectively called the 'eight missing generations.'
- 奈良時代ごろに、経典などの大事な書物をネズミから守る益獣として、中国の歴史から輸入された事が、日本猫の始まりと言う伝説があるが、弥生時代のカラカミ遺跡からの発見例もあり、紀元前から存在していた可能性がある。
- There is a legend that the beginning of Japanese cats was the ones imported around the Nara period from Chinese history as beneficial cats to protect important documents including sutras from rats, but there is a possibility that they had existed since before the birth of Christ partially because there is a specimen discovered from the Karakami remains of the Yayoi period (250 B.C.– 250 A.D.).
- 大都市近郊にあって都市的な利便性を有しながら、保津峡等の豊かな自然を併せつつ、さらに出雲大神宮、丹波亀山城(大本本部)等といった歴史的な観光資源があるものの、湯の花温泉_(京都府)を除けば宿泊施設が少ない。
- Kameoka City in the suburbs of the major metropolitan areas enjoys urban convenience, while the city itself is surrounded by nature, such as Hozu-kyo Gorge for example; the city also possesses many historic resources which attract tourism such as the Izumo-Daijingu Shrine and Tanba Kameyama-jo Castle (spiritual center of Omoto), however, except for the Yunohana-onsen Hot Spring, little accommodation is available for tourists.
- このような運動の中で創作された歌舞伎演目は、最初、河竹黙阿弥らの旧来の作者や福地桜痴ら文化人によって、歴史的事実をありのままに演じる活歴物や、西洋風の新しい風俗を描いた散切物などが作られたが成功しなかった。
- In such a campaign, some Kabuki programs were created anew, and their first ones were 'Katsureki-mono' (a historical drama), which faithfully performed the historical facts, & 'Zangiri-mono' (the plays the cropped hair people appeared), which portrayed new western-style customs, both made by experienced writers, including Mokuami KAWATAKE, or by intellectuals, including Ochi FUKUCHI, but they failed.
- しかし競馬規程下の産牛馬組合による競馬と同じく、地方競馬を地域の祭典の日程にあわせて行う地域も数多くあり、そのような地方競馬は歴史的・文化的にみて祭典競馬の流れを汲み、あるいは密接なつながりをもつといえる。
- However, there are many regions where horse racing takes place to coincide with the dates of local festivals as same as races held by Sangyuba kumiai under the Rules, and such local horse racing is related to saiten keiba historically and culturally, or directly connected to it.
- その権威が頂点に達したのは太平洋戦争時であり、昭和13年(1938年)の国家総動員法が発令された頃より、軍部により現人神(あらひとがみ)と神格化され、天皇を中心とした戦時国家体制が作られた(皇国史観を参照)。
- It was at the time of the Pacific War that authority reached its peak, and after the period when the National General Mobilization Act was issued in 1938, the Emperor was deified as Arahitogami, and the system of the nation under war with the Emperor in the center was established by the military (refer to Kokoku Shikan, or Emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- しかしながら、美しい女性を描いた洋画は数多いが、そのテーマはほとんどの場合神話や伝説、歴史、宗教などを主題に据えており(19世紀以降の洋画はそうではないものも多いが)、日本の美人画とは必ずしも同一視しがたい。
- However, while there are many Western paintings which depict beautiful women, the themes in most cases concern mythology, or legend, history or religion (although this is not the case with many of the Western paintings after the 19th century), they cannot always be regarded as being the same as the Japanese bijinga.
- しかし、原因不明の難病ならばまだしも、刺された事が明らかな状況でわざわざ外部の医者を呼ぶ事は不自然であるなど、その内容が毒殺説に比して荒唐無稽ということで、歴史研究者の間ではほとんど取るに足らないものとされた。
- However it was understandable if the Emperor had an incurable disease with an unknown cause, it was not natural to call a doctor from outside if the Emperor was apparently stabbed, so this theory was not seriously considered to be true among historians since it was very unrealistic compared to the theory of the Emperor being killed by poison.
- 下二段活用・上二段活用の連体形・已然形において、-uru・-ureの語尾が-eru・-ere、-iru・-ireの形になってそれぞれ下一段、上一段と同じような活用形になる史的変化のことを二段活用の一段化という。
- A historical change in which, as to the attributive and classical imperfective forms of upper and lower bigraded conjugations, the ending '-uru,' '-ure' became '-iru,' '-ire'respectively and finally developed into inflected forms similar to those of upper and lower bigraded conjugations is called a change of two-tier conjugation verbs into one-tier.
- 当代の主要歌人三十人に百首歌を召してこれを結番し、歌合形式で判詞を加えるという空前絶後の企画であったが、この歌合は、新古今期の歌論の充実、新進歌人の成長などの面から見ても文学史上逸することのできない価値を持つ。
- The 30 main contemporary poets created poems by turns, and each poet gave a Han-shi in the poetry-contest style, as the largest such event yet held; this poetry contest was the most valuable in literary history, since it evaluated the poems of the Shin kokin period and revealed talented poets who had previously been unknown.
- 百人一首の中の小式部内侍が歌った「おほえ山 いくの(生野)の道の遠ければ まだふみも見ず 天橋立」の歌枕として登場する生野は福知山市内の地名であるが、このことからその福知山と交通の歴史の深さを知ることが出来る。
- Ikuno, which appears in the beginning of one of the Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) was composed by Koshikibu no Naishi saying 'The road going over the Oe-yama mountain range and via Ikuno is so far that I have not set foot on Ama no Hashidate or seen a letter from my mother yet,' and is a place name in Fukuchiyama City; this poem illustrates the long relationship between Fukuchiyama and transportation.
- 由緒書きによると、武田家の家宝「楯無」の鎧は神功皇后が三韓征伐の時に住吉大社に武運長久を祈念し得た鎧であり、ゆえあって甲州武田家の所有するところとなった(無論三韓征伐云々の伝記は時代的に合わないので史実ではない)。
- According to its written guarantee of origin, a family treasure of the Takeda family 'Tatenashi-no-yoroi' was the one given to Empress Jingu when she prayed at Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine for long-lasting luck in the battle of Sankan seibatsu (the conquest of three countries in old Korea), and it later came into the possession of the Koshu Takeda family for a certain reason (needless to say, it is not a historical fact because the age of Sankan seibatsu doesn't coincide with the dates)
- 江戸時代には地下の世職は局務(外記上首:押小路家が世襲)・官務(左大史上首:壬生家が世襲)・蔵人所出納(平田家が世襲)が、それぞれ外記方・官方・蔵人方の世襲の諸役人を管掌し、朝廷の各種行事の運営を司った(催官人)。
- During the Edo period, hereditary officials from Jigeke--the Head of Secretaries 'Kyokumu' (leader of secretaries in the Council of State Secretaries, inherited by the Oshinokoji family), the Head of Secretaries 'Kanmu' (leader of Senior Recorders of the Left, inherited by the Mibu family), and the court official at the Bureau of Archivists 'Kurodo dokoro Suino' (inherited by the Hirata family)--were collectively called 'Saikanjin' and respectively managed events and ceremonies of the Imperial Court by supervising the hereditary officials of secretaries, recorders, and staff of the Bureau of Archivists.
- 皇国史観の下では忠臣の誉れが高く、日本銀行券の肖像にも、改造壹圓券(1889年)・甲五圓券(1899年発行)・丙五圓券(1916年発行)・丁貳百圓券(1942年発行)・壹圓券(1943年発行)の5種類に採用された。
- He is highly regarded as a faithful retainer from the emperor-centered historical viewpoint, and his portrait was used on five different banknotes issued by the Bank of Japan - one-yen bill issued in 1889, type-A five-yen bill issued in 1899, type-C five-yen bill issued in 1916, type-D one-hundred-yen bill issued in 1942 and one-yen bill issued in 1943.
- 生年については『水鏡』・『一代要記』の年齢記事によれば天平宝字5年となるが、この場合母親の井上内親王が45歳の時の子となってしまい年齢が不自然であるとして、正しい生年を天平勝宝3年(751年)とする歴史学者が多い。
- As for his year of birth, 'Mizu Kagami (The Water Mirror)' and 'Ichidai Yoki' (summary chronicle of each reign) reported that he was born in 761, but in this case, Imperial Princess Inoe gave birth to him when she was 45 years old, this is questionable, so that many historians believe that the correct year of birth is 751.
- 古くは16世紀、命を狙われた京阿波根実基(きょうあはごんじっき)が空手(くうしゅ)にて相手の股間を蹴り上げたとの記述が正史『球陽』にあり、これは唐手以前の素手格闘術であったと考えられているが、その実態は判然としない。
- The 'Kyuyo' (the chronicles of Ryukyu) introduces an episode in which, during the sixteenth century, when Jikki KYOAHAGON was assaulted by an assassin he kicked the assassin in the groin through an art of 'kushu' (空手), which is considered to be an unarmed (bare hands) martial art prior to toudee, although there is no clear depiction of such an art.
- いわゆる古史古伝の竹内文書などに使用されている神代文字も「上代には8母音あったはずなのに、なぜか5母音のままで上代の仮名遣いに配慮していない」ということから、そうした仮名遣いの区別がなくなった後世の偽書として否定した。
- They criticized Jindai-moji (written language claimed to have existed before the introduction of Chinese characters) used in the so-called Koshi Koden (unofficial ancient documents) including Takeuchi-monjo (alleged record of the lineage of ancient gods and a dynasty preceding Emperor Jinmu) for 'having only five vowels and not adopting the ancient Kana usage of eight vowels' and denied it as having been forged in a later era when such distinction of Kana usage had disappeared.
- それでも伏見宮家から入った後花園天皇から17世紀前期(江戸時代初期)の後陽成天皇まで、直系男子が継承紛争もなく迭立もないまま順調に皇位を継承していき、日本史上もっとも皇位継承が長期間にわたり穏やかに行われた時代でもある。
- During the period of Emperor Gohanazono who came from the Fushiminomiya family to Emperor Goyozei of early seventeenth century (early Edo period), Imperial succession was conducted smoothly by the male Imperial members of the direct lineage, without any disputes or sharing of the throne, this was the longest period in Japanese history when Imperial succession was conducted smoothly without problems.
- これらの史料から安東氏は、鎌倉中期頃から陸奥に広範囲の所領を有した北条氏宗家(得宗)の被官(御内人)として蝦夷の統括者(蝦夷沙汰代官職)に任ぜられ、北条氏を通じて鎌倉幕府の支配下に組み込まれていったものと考えられている。
- Based on these historical materials, it is thought that the Ando clan was appointed to the administrator of Ezo (Ezosata daikan [local governor]) as a hikan (bureaucrat) (Miuchibito) of the head family of Hojo clan (Tokuso [the patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan]), which had an extensive territory in Mutsu Province from the mid-Kamakura period, and then through the Hojo clan, the Ando clan came to be controlled under the Kanamura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 確認後、中務省の責任者3名(卿・大輔・少輔)が内記の記した官位姓の下に自署を行い正文を作成した後に、その写本を太政官に送付し、太政官の史 (律令制)が「奉勅旨如右、符到奉行」の文言を加えて署名し、弁官の署名がこれに続く。
- After confirmation, the three responsible people (Kyo, Taifu, Sho) in the Nakatsukasasho created the body text with their own signatures under the official rank surname written by a naiki, sent the manuscript to Daijokan (Grand Council of State), and the Shi of Daijokan (the ritsuryo system) added the wording of 'hochoku (obeying imperial order) is as the right mentioned, and ensure implementation when it arrives', and was then appended with the Benkan's signature.
- 400年の歴史を持ち、京都市民からは「にしき」という愛称で呼び親しまれ、「京の台所」として地元の市民はもとより、新京極通商店街や寺町京極商店街とともに、観光客や修学旅行生も訪れる観光名所として活気のある市場として賑わう。
- With a history of 400 years, it is popularly known as 'Nishiki' among the people in Kyoto, and as a sightseeing spot, 'Kyoto's Kitchen' is crowded with tourists and students on school excursions as well as local people, together with the Shinkyogoku-dori Street shopping district and Teramachi-Kyogoku shopping district.
- 宣長・石塚によるこの研究は長く評価されずに埋もれていたが橋本進吉によって再発見され、1917年、「帝国文学」に発表された論文「国語仮名遣研究史の一発見――石塚龍麿の仮名遣奥山路について――」で学会に評価されるようになった。
- Although the studies by Norinaga and Ishizuka had not been evaluated for long time, Shinkichi HASHIMOTO rediscovered them and published an article called 'A Discovery in the Field of Japanese Kana Usage Research Concerning Kanazukai Oku no Yamamichi by Tatsumaro Ishizuka' for 'Teikoku Bungaku' (Literature of the Empire) and it made the studies recognized by the academic community.
- 逍遥は、1915(大正6)年に、活歴物への不満、シェークスピアの史劇の長所と歌舞伎の長所をうまく調和させたかったこと、深刻な悲劇を歌舞伎風のさまざまな挿話で作り上げたかったことなどが「桐一葉」創作の動機であると述べている。
- Shoyo cited the following motives for creating 'Kiri Hitoha' in 1915: Dissatisfaction with historical dramas; wishing to combine the advantages of Shakespeare's histories and Kabuki; and wishing to compose a serious tragedy of different episodes.
- 清行の次の世代に史 (律令制)を務めた錦良助(錦宿禰)を三善氏の旧姓である錦部首を名乗った後に錦宿禰を授けられた清行の子とし、その子錦連行を三善茂明の父として位置づける系図を作成した(『諸家系図纂』所収「南家系図」など)。
- They fabricated family trees (such as 'the family tree of the South family' in the 'Shoka keizusan' (the genealogies of the various families)) depicting that Ryosuke NISHIKI (Nishiki no Sukune), who became Sadaishi (senior recorder of junior fifth rank) in the next generation of Kiyoyuki, as Kiyoyuki's son under the name of Nishikori no Obito (an original family name of the Miyoshi clan) who later received the title of Nishiki no Sukune; and Ryosuke's son Tsurayuki NISHIKI as the father of Shigeaki MIYOSHI.
- 戦前の大谷友右衛門 (6代目)、近年では實川延若 (3代目)、浅尾奥山 (4代目)、中村源左衛門、四代目市川段四郎など腕のいい役者が印象に残るが、最近は、十八代目中村勘三郎が「平成中村座」で演じた時の笹野高史が好評であった。
- Skillful actors such as prewar Tomoemon OTANI (the sixth), recent Enjaku JITSUKAWA (the third), Okuzan ASAO (the fourth), Genzaemon NAKAMURA, and Danshiro ICHIKAWA the fourth were impressive and lately Takashi SASANO was received well when Kanzaburo NAKAMURA, the eighteenth played at 'Heisei Nakamura-za Theater'.
- 日本酒の歴史明治時代前期から日本酒の歴史昭和時代前期にかけては、激しく資本家である蔵元と労使関係として対立することもあったが、近年はとみに同じ杜氏集団の労務管理、福利厚生、技術の研鑽、後継者の育成などが主な仕事となっている。
- There were sharp conflicts with brewery owners who were capitalists due to the labor-management relations from the early Meiji period to the early Showa period, but nowadays the union's main works are labor management, benefits, skill enhancement, training of successors, and so on.
- 活躍した時代の異なる歌人たちを同時代の人物として一同に会するなど、史的考証の面では明らかな誤りが多く、また「草紙を洗う」という突飛な展開や、小町が作中で詠む歌など「稚気あふれる作品」と評され、「荒唐無稽」な筋立ての能である。
- This story is reviewed as 'childlike' both for the eccentric idea to 'rinse Soshi with water' and for Komachi's childish poem itself during the play, and also the plot is seen as 'unrealistic and having many historical errors,' because master poets from different times are portrayed as if they lived in the same period.
- 上述のように、文化財保護法第2条第1項第4号では、「記念物」に遺跡、庭園、自然的景観(名勝地)、貴重な生物および地質鉱物を含めており、同法の第7章(第109条-第133条)「史跡名勝天然記念物」に、その取り扱いを定めている。
- As mentioned above, according to Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item (4) of the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties, ruins, gardens, natural landscapes (places of scenic beauty), and valuable living organisms, geographical features and minerals are included in the scope of 'monuments' and Chapter VII (Articles 109-133) of the Law stipulates protection and management of 'historic sites and places of scenic beauty as natural monuments.'
- ところが1980年代に入り、継体の出自を伝える『上宮記』の成立が推古天皇朝に遡る可能性が指摘(黛弘道「継体天皇の系譜について」『律令国家成立史の研究』吉川弘文館、1982年)されて、傍系王族説が再び支持を集めるようになった。
- But in the 1980s, the possibility that the creation of 'Joguki' which records the origin of Keitai would go back to the reign of Empress Suiko (Hiromichi MAYUZUMI 'A Denealogical Study of Emperor Keitai' 'Ritsuryo kokka seiritsushi no kenkyu'[Study of the establishment of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes] Yoshikawa Kobunkan Inc. 1982), was brought to light and the collateral line royal family theory regained momentum.
- 決定的とは認知されていない説だが、『魏略』には現在の半年を当時の日本が一年として数えていたという『倍年説』を基に歴史を再計算しその結果、神武天皇の即位は西暦181年であり、寿命は127歳の半分の63歳であったと主張している。
- It is not recognized as conclusive, but he recalculated years of the history according to 'Double Year Theory' which says in 'Weilue (Brief Account of the Wei Dynasty)', a half year of the present was counted as a year at that time in Japan, and as a result, he asserts that Emperor Jinmu was enthroned in 181 and his life duration was 63 years, half of 127 years.
- 顧頡剛は「薪を積んでいくと、後から載せたものほど上に来る」という比喩のもと、古史伝承は累層的に古いものほど新しく作られたという説を主張し、尭・舜・禹を中国史の黄金時代とする儒教的歴史観に染まっていた知識人に大きな衝撃を与えた。
- Ko Ketsugo advocated a theory on tradition of old history that those for older times were created more recently, based on a metaphor 'when stacking firewood, the ones placed later are higher,' and strongly shocked the intellectuals who were immersed in a Confucian historical perspective which viewed Gyo, Shun, and U as the golden age of Chinese history.
- 渡辺久雄著『忘れられた日本史』の「紙祖の発掘」の章で、「紙漉東山弥右衛門(やえもん)」は越前国岩本村(福井県今立町岩本)の成願寺の過去帳から、慶長3年(1598年)岩本村から出奔した弥右衛門(やえもん)ではないかと推測している。
- Hisao WATANABE speculated in the section of 'Searching for the originator of paper-making' in his book, 'Wasurerareta nihon-shi' (forgotten history of Japan) that 'the paper-maker, Yaemon HIGASHIYAMA' might be Yaemon who ran away from Iwamoto-mura village in 1598, judging from the death register of a family of the Jogan-ji Temple in the Iwamoto-mura village, Echizen Province (Iwamoto, Imadate-cho, Fukui Prefecture).
- 20年(476年)に高句麗が百済を攻め滅ぼしたが、翌21年(477年)、大王は百済に任那を与えて復興したという(『三国史記』高句麗本紀・百済本紀によれば、475年9月に高句麗に都を攻め落とされ王は殺され、同年熊津に遷都している)。
- Records say that Goguryeo beat Baekje in 476, and that the Emperor gave Mimana to Baekje in order to help its reconstruction in 477 (according to the 'Samguk Sagi' History of Goguryeo and History of Baekje, Baekje surrendered the capital to Goguryeo in September 475, had the king killed, and moved its capital to Ungjin during the same year).
- 画面の景観年代は必ずしも制作年代に直結せず、粉本をもとに描いた可能性があること、画面に捺される「州信」の朱文円廓内壺形印は、永徳所用印のうちもっとも信頼度の高いものであること等により、美術史家たちは本作を永徳の真筆とみなしている。
- Because the age of the scenery in the picture is not necessarily connected directly to the age of completion, and there is a possibility that the picture was painted based on drafts, and the seal 'Kuninobu,' the Shubun Enkaku nai Tsubogata In (pot-shaped seal in a round frame with shunbun style (shunbun means seals carved around the characters, leaving red characters on the paper with white background)), which is put on the picture is of the highest credibility among seals Eitoku held, the art historians now regard it is the genuine Eitoku's.
- 鵜飼いの歴史は古く、『日本書紀』神武天皇の条に「梁を作つて魚を取る者有り、天皇これを問ふ。対へて曰く、臣はこれ苞苴擔の子と、此れ即ち阿太の養鵜部の始祖なり」と、鵜養部のことが見え、『古事記』にも鵜養のことを歌った歌謡が載っている。
- Ukai has an old history; in the section on Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihonshoki,' there is a description about the division of Ukai, 'there was a man who caught fish by making yana (a fish trap), and the Emperor asked him about it. He answered that he was a child of Nihemotsu (Hoshotan), who was the founder of the division of cormorant farming in Ada,' and in 'Kojiki' there are also songs and ballads on Ukai.
- 朝廷としての組織は未熟であったが、『日本書紀』の暦法が雄略紀以降とそれ以前で異なること、『万葉集』や『日本現報善悪霊異記』の冒頭に雄略天皇が掲げられていることから、古代の人々が雄略朝を歴史的な画期として捉えていたとみることもできる。
- His governance was not perfect, but we can suppose that ancient people regarded his reign as a historical epoch from the following facts: before and after the Yuryaku period, the calendar of the 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) changes; and the Emperor Yuryaku appears in the beginning parts of 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and 'Nihon genho Zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki).
- また彼らは文学史上、古文復興運動の担い手であるが、古文運動家のいわゆる「文」とは「載道」(道を載せる)の道具であり、文章の字面ではなく、そこに込められた道徳的な精神こそが重要であるとして経文の一字一句にこだわる注疏の学をも批判した。
- They were leaders of an old text revival movement in terms of the history of literature, and they criticized the annotation and interpretation learning, that fixated, word for word, on the sacred literature telling religious teachings, claiming that the so-called 'text' for old text activists was a tool for 'loading Tao,' and that it was not the appearance of the sentences, but the moral spirit placed in it that was important.
- 史料上はっきり記されているのは、鎌倉時代後期に楠木正成が後醍醐天皇が鎌倉幕府に対して挙兵した元弘の乱において宮方に従い、幕府滅亡後に成立した建武政権に加わり、南北朝時代 (日本)に南朝 (日本)(吉野朝廷)方として活躍した以降である。
- What is clear from the historical records is that Masashige KUSUNOKI fought together with the court during the Genko War when Emperor Godaigo raised an army against the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), joined the Kenmu Government established after the fall of the bakufu, and played an active role on the side of the Southern Court, or Yoshino Court, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- (朝鮮の歴史書『三国史記』新羅本紀・脱解尼師今紀では、「脱解本多婆那國所生也 其國在倭國東北一千里」とあり新羅の4代目の王にして昔氏王統の初代である脱解尼師今は倭国の東北千里にある本多婆那國の出であるとされており、関連性が見られる)。
- ('Silla History' and 'Dakkai Nishikin-ki' [Chronicle of Dakkai Nishikin] in a Korean history book 'Samguk Sagi'[History of the Three Kingdoms] indicates a certain relation with this theory, writing that Dakkai Nishikin is the forth King of Silla and the first generation of the Seki clan of the King's bloodline, who was from Tabana-koku Country situated in a distance of one thousand-ri [about 4,000 km] to the northeast of Wakoku [Japan]).
- この数百年の間に和弓の構造は大きく進化(詳細は和弓歴史欄参照のこと)、江戸初期には堅帽子ゆがけの発明(ゆがけ項参照のこと)、さらに技術面では「角見」「弓返り」の技術が発明される等、この時期に弓術は現在の弓道に繋がる大きな進歩を遂げる。
- Over hundreds of years, the structure of Wakyu progressed (for details, see the article; History of Wakyu) and Kyujutsu developed greatly which led to today's Kyudo, Kataboshi Yugake was invented (a type of thumb glove) at the beginning of Edo Period (see the article on Yugake) and the techniques of 'Tsunomi' and 'Yugaeri (the technique where the Japanese bow turns in the left hand after the release).'
- しかし、美術史で「水墨画」という場合には、単に墨一色で描かれた絵画ということではなく、墨色の濃淡、にじみ、かすれ、などを表現の要素とした中国風の描法によるものを指し、日本の作品については、おおむね鎌倉時代以降のものを指すのが通常である。
- However, in art history, 'Suigoku-ga' refers not only to paintings in one color with Sumi, but also in Chinese style that include contrasting density, bleeding, and thin spots, and as to the paintings in Japan, it usually refers to those produced after the Kamakura Period.
- なお、マッコリを日本のどぶろくや日本酒のルーツとする記載がネット上で散見されるが、そもそも使用する麹が異なっている(マッコリは麦麹、どぶろくは米麹)ので、両者は醸造学的に異なる歴史を歩み発展した別系統の酒であるとする見解がほとんどである。
- Although there are descriptions on the Internet that Japanese Doburoku and sake were derived from makgeolli, as they use different malts (makgeolli uses malt and Doburoku uses malted rice), a prevailing view is that they are different lines of sake, which went through different histories and developments in zymurgy.
- しかしそれは歌舞伎における「世界 (曖昧さ回避)」の指定という、設定上の伝統的な決まり事であって、『助六』は実際の曾我兄弟の仇討ちを題材にしたものではなく、また史実の曾我五郎時致が花戸川助六のような痛快な色男だったという史料も伝承もない。
- But that is only for traditional rules for a Kabuki setting, i.e., specifying 'the world to avoid vagueness,' and 'Sukeroku' is not based on the real SOGA brothers revenge story, there are neither historical sources nor legends to prove that the real SOGA no Goro Tokimune was such a dandy good-looking man as Hanakawado no Sukeroku.
- 現在では社会経済史的視点からの研究や戦国大名武田氏の権力構造の解明、家臣団の個別研究のほか、財政や治水事業、軍事や外交、交通や都市問題、商職人支配や郷村支配、宗教など各分野における実証的研究や民俗学的アプローチなど研究の地平が広っている。
- At present, empirical as well as ethnological studies are being conducted on various themes, including socio-economic history, power structure of the Sengoku daimyo Takeda clan, individual study of vassals, finance, flood prevention projects, military and foreign affairs, urban problem, ruling of merchants/craftsmen, ruling of villages and religion etc.
- 1901年(明治34年)に舞鶴鎮守府が創設され、日本海側唯一の軍港として発展した歴史を持つ舞鶴市であるが、鎮守府創設にあわせる形で1898年(明治31年)に軍事水道の建設が開始され、1900年(明治33年)に与保呂川上流に桂貯水池が完成。
- Maizuru City has a history of being developed as the only military port along the Japan Sea after Maizuru Chinjufu (Maizuru Naval District) was established in 1901; however, in order to complete its construction before the establishment of Chinjufu, the construction of the military water system started in 1898, and the Katsura reservoir was completed upstream of Yohoro-gawa River.
- これは明治の歴史学者星野恒の唱えたもので、明治30年代に石清水八幡宮祠官田中家文書の中に源頼信が応神天皇陵に納めたとされる永承元年(1046年)告文に「先人新発其先経基其先元平親王其先陽成天皇其先清和天皇」と明記してある事を根拠としたもの。
- The historian Hisashi HOSHINO in the Meiji period stated this theory, which was supported by descriptions between 1897 and 1906 in the family document of the Tanaka family, who were Shinto priests of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, that the Imperial instruction of 1046, which was dedicated to the Mausoleum of Emperor Ojin by MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, explicitly described that: 'the ancestors are Shinbochi, Tsunemoto, Imperial Prince Motohira, Emperor Yozei, and Emperor Seiwa, from newest to oldest.'
- 今日の歴史学界において、江戸時代の朝廷及び地下官人の研究を行う際には、その実態を重視して伝統的な公家名鑑類において定義付けられた「地下官人之棟梁」=両局という図式は採用せず、「地下官人之棟梁」=三催という位置付けで行われるようになっている。
- When today's historians refer to the Imperial Court and the lower ranking officials during the Edo period in their research, they customarily adopt the definition of 'the heads of the lower ranking officials = Sansa,' instead of 'the heads of the low ranked officials = Kyokumu and Kanmu,' adopted in the traditional court noble directories, to place the actual conditions first.
- 明治初期の『岐阜県史稿』によると、二つ折美濃、三つ折美濃という紙があり、明治九年(1876年)の『米国博覧会(フィラデルフィア万国博覧会)報告書』には、「二ツ折ハ障子二格間(格子間)ヲ貼るニ便シ、三ツ折ハ三格間ヲ併セテ貼ルの料トス。」とある。
- 'Gifuken Shiko' (a historical document concerning Gifu Prefecture), which was written in the early Meiji period, states the existence of paper called two-folded Minogami and three-folded Minogami, and 'Report on the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia' contains the following statement: 'Two-folded Minogami is useful for covering two coffers while three-folded Minogami is used for covering three coffers collectively.'
- なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
- There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of 'Modern Japanese History,' by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
- 「此所勝母の里」と書いた紙を呪符として家の戸に貼ると、輪入道が近づくことができないといい、これは中国の儒家の始祖・孔子の門人である曾子が「母に勝つ」の名を嫌って勝母の里に足を踏み入れなかったという『史記』「鄒陽列伝」での逸話が由来とされている。
- It is said that when one places a piece of paper indicating 'Koko-wa Shobo-no Sato' on the door as a talisman, Wanyudo cannot go near the house; this derives from the anecdote in Shuyo Retsuden (a series of biographies of Shuyo) of Shiki (the Chinese Historical Records), according to which So-shi, a disciple of Koshi, the founder of Confucianist in China, disliked Shobo-no Sato and did not set his foot in the place because of the name suggesting 'to win against mother'.
- これを、アイヌに仏教を強要したためとする意見もあるが、この頃元 (王朝)が樺太アイヌを攻撃したことが元史に記録されており、ここでいう「ゑぞ」をアイヌではなく広く北方の異民族と解し、安藤氏がアイヌを率いて元に討たれたのではないかと推察する説もある。
- Some researchers interpret this as the fact that he had forced Buddhism to the Ainu, however, others suppose that the Ando clan that lead the Ainu might have been defeated by Yuan Dynasty because the Yuan's attack against the Ainu in Sakhalin (Karafuto) Island around that time was documented, and therefore, the word 'Emishi' here might indicate the northern foreign people in general, and not meaning precisely the Ainu.
- 「絵巻物」ないし「絵巻」とは、巻子装の絵画作品の意であるが、日本美術史用語における「絵巻物」とは、日本で制作された、主として大和絵様式の作品を指すのが通常であり、さらに範囲を限定して、平安時代から室町時代の作品に限って「絵巻物」と呼ぶ場合もある。
- Emakimono' or 'emaki' means whole pictorial works of kansuso style binding, but, when the term 'emakimono' is used in the history of Japanese art, it is usually understood to indicate mainly the works of yamato-e style paintings made in Japan (a typical Japanese traditional style of painting), or in some cases, the term is often limited to the works produced during the Heian period through to the Muromachi period.
- なお、戦前の皇国史観においては、鎌倉幕府が亀山法皇の遺詔を無視して恒明親王を立てなかったことを「不忠」であると非難する主張がなされる事があったが、幕府はあくまでも亀山法皇の嫡男でありかつ当時の治天の君であった後宇多上皇の意向に従っただけに過ぎない。
- Under the emperor-centered historiography based on state Shinto before the War, there was criticism towards the Kamakura bakufu's disloyalty since they ignored the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama's will to allow Imperial Prince Tsuneaki succeed to the throne, but the bakufu only obeyed the Retired Emperor Gouda's intention, who was the eldest son of the Cloistered Emperor Kameyama and the Chiten no kimi (person in power) at that time.
- また、記紀の史料批判により、継体天皇以前の編年は到底正しいとは言えず、このころの王家内部では文字による記録が常時取られていたとは考えがたいことから、記紀に伝えられた干支や系譜を元に倭の五王を推定するという試み自体をあまり意味がないとする意見も根強い。
- In agreement with the criticism on 'Kiki''s credibility as historical material and from the fact that the chronology before Emperor Keitai is far from truth, and that it is hard to believe that the Imperial family kept written records on a steady basis, some people strongly deny the meaning of the attempt to presume the five kings of Wa from the Oriental zodiac and the genealogy in 'Kiki'.
- 小槻氏は中世より太政官の諸記録を司り、五位の官務(左大史上首)を世襲したため官務家と呼ばれたが、平安時代末に小槻長業の子の小槻広房と弟の隆職がその職を争い、五位の官務は隆職の子孫(壬生家)、算博士は広房の子孫(大宮家)が世襲することとなり、二流に分裂した。
- The Ozuki family administered the records of Imperial Japanese Council of State from the Middle Ages, and was, due to its inherited position of fifth rank (sadaishi joshu), known as the family of administrative service; when OZUKI no Hirofusa, the son of 小槻長業, and OZUKI no Takamoto, Hirofusa's younger brother, fought over the position, the family was divided into two streams with the position of fifth rank going Takamoto and his descendents (the Mibu family) and the post of sanhakase (a position teaching mathematics and looking after mathematicians) going to Hirofusa and his descendants (the Omiya family).
- ここで出される店屋物がカツ丼である根拠としては、店屋物の発注先として歴史的に最もポピュラーな店舗は蕎麦屋であり、蕎麦屋に注文可能なもので取り調べのスケジュールを阻害せず、時間が経っても伸びずに、さめても魅惑的なメニューがカツ丼であったからとする見解がある。
- It seems that the ordered food was katsudon because historically speaking, one of the most popular restaurants by which the police have food delivered is the soba restaurant, and what the restaurant can serve, what neither intervenes in the interrogation schedule nor becomes soggy over time, but remains tasty even when cold is presumably katsudon.
- しかし、東山文化がいつ始まりいつまで続いたか区分が明確でないことや、義持・義教の時代が無視されてしまうことへの批判、禅宗の影響や公家文化と武家文化の融合など共通性が多いことから、今日の歴史学では両者を合わせて「室町文化」として論じるのが一般的であるという。
- However, today it is said that both cultures are generally discussed together as 'Muromachi culture' according to the following reasons; when Higashiyama culture began and ended is not clear, there is criticism that the era of Yoshimochi and Yoshinori are ignored and both have many points in common such as the influence of the Zen sect and the fusion of the culture of the nobility and the culture of the samurai class.
- 日本最古の歴史書とされる『日本書紀』の天武天皇9年(680年)の条には「宮内卿」「宮内官大夫」の官職が記述され、686年(朱鳥元年)の条には天武天皇の葬送に際して「宮内事」を誄(しのびごと)したとあり、天武天皇の時代には原型となる官職が形成されたと見られる。
- In the article of Emperor Temmu in 680 of the oldest history book in Japan, 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), there was a description on the government posts of Kunaikyo (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) and Miyanouchi no tsukasa no kami and also in the article of in 686, there was another description on Emperor Temmu's funeral that shinobigoto (speech given to the spirit of the departed about his/her merit) was conducted for the 'miyanouchi-no-koto' (Imperial family's affairs), from which the original government post was established in the period of Emperor Temmu.
- 記紀では天皇として認められていないが、後世の史書である『扶桑略記』に「飯豊天皇廿四代女帝」、『本朝皇胤紹運録』に「飯豊天皇 忍海部女王是也」と記される上、偽書の『先代旧事本紀大成経』には「清貞天皇(せいていてんのう)」の諡号まであり、天皇の扱いとなっている。
- In 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' she was not regarded as Emperor, but in 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan) she was described as 'Emperor Iitoyo the fourth Empress,' in Honcho koin jounroku (the Emperor's family tree, made in the Muromachi period) as 'Iitoyo Emperor Oshinumibe princess,' and additionally in the apocryphal book 'Sendai Kujihongi taiseikyo,' there was even shigo (posthumous title) 'Emperor Seitei,' where she was treated as Emperor.
- また、古事記や日本書紀などの古代史の研究が進むにつれて、考古学の成果により初期の天皇の実在に疑問がなされたり(欠史八代)、第26代の継体天皇の即位を王朝交代とする説がなされた(現在では、継体天皇は第25代までの天皇とは血のつながりがないとの説も存在する。)。
- As studies of the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki advanced, scholars began to doubt the existence of early emperors (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns), and some people released the idea that the Japanese dynasty was changed when the 26th Emperor Keitai succeeded to the throne (according to a current study, Emperor Keitai had no blood relationship with emperors before him).
- 日本におけるどぶろく作りの歴史は米作とほぼ同起源であると云われるが、明治時代においては政府の主要な税収源であった酒造税(1940年以後、酒税)の収入を減らす要因であるとして、農家などで自家生産・自家消費されていたどぶろく作りが酒税法により禁止され、現在に至っている。
- It is said that in Japan, the origin of the history of Doburoku production is almost the same as that of rice production, but the production of Doburoku, which used to be made in farm houses, etc. for personal consumption, was forbidden by the Liquor Tax Act as a factor for reducing brewery tax (liquor tax before 1940) revenues, which were major tax revenues for the government in the Meiji period and is still forbidden to the present date.
- 「埋蔵文化財として扱う範囲の一基準の要素」として、「遺跡の時代・種類を主たる要素とし、遺跡の所作する地域の歴史的な特性、文献資料 (歴史学)・図像資料・民俗資料その他の資料との補完関係、遺跡の遺存状況、遺跡から得られる情報量等を副次的要素とする」よう指示がなされた。
- The notice also indicated that as 'elements of one standard as the scope of buried cultural properties,' 'the age and type of a remain be regarded as the principal element and historic features of the region the remain is located, the complementary relationship between literal data (history), pictures and figures, folklore materials and other materials, the situation existing remnant of the remain, and the amount of information obtained from such site be the secondary elements.'
- 1876年、札幌農学校(のちの北海道大学)に着任したウィリアム・スミス・クラークは、ライスカレーという言葉を考案した人物として知られているが、開拓史の公文書『明治五年 開拓使公文録 八』(1872年)で「タイスカレイ(ライスカレー)」という言葉がすでに使われている。
- Although William Smith CLARK, who assumed a new post at Sapporo Agricultural School (later Hokkaido University) in 1876, is known as the inventor of the term 'rice curry,' the term had already been used in 'Meiji Gonen Kaitakushi Kobunroku Hachi' (official document of Development Commissioner in 1872, vol.8).
- 米倉は、伝重盛像を足利尊氏、伝光能像を足利義詮に比定する際、等持院に伝わる尊氏木像・義詮木像との外見類似性を論拠の一つに挙げているが、美術史学者の宮島新一は、日本の肖像画は必ずしも外見の類似から像主を判断できないため、外見類似性を像主決定の論拠とすることを批判した。
- When Yonekura considered the portrait of Shigemori, unconfirmed as Takauji ASHIKAGA and the portrait of Mitsuyoshi, unconfirmed as Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, he pointed out the similarity in appearance of the wooden figures of Takauji and Yoshiakira handed down in Toji-in Temple as one of his evidences; however, Shinichi MIYAJIMA, an art historian, criticized that the similarity in appearance could not be an evidence of identifying the portraits because it is not always true to identify the portrait based on the similarity in appearance in case of portraits in Japan.
- 古い史料による確認は困難なものの、母である糠手姫皇女(田村の御名は彼女から継承されたものである)が舒明よりも20年以上長く生きて天智天皇3年(664年)に死去している事や、子である天智天皇らの年齢を考えると、ほぼ正確な年齢(もしくは数年の誤差)ではないかと見られている。
- Although confirmation using old historical materials is difficult, his age of death is thought to be nearly exact (or with a few years of error), considering the age of his son, the Emperor Tenchi and others, and that his mother, Nukadehime no Himemiko (the name of Tamura was succeeded from her) lived for more than 20 years after his death and died in 664.
- 『古事記』、『日本書紀』やその他歴史書の表向きの記載によれば、日本の皇統は初代神武天皇から現在の第125代今上天皇まで男系の血筋のみで続いてきたとされる(いわゆる「万世一系」、ただし信憑性については諸説あり、高群逸枝などの民俗学者は古代が母系制であったことを主張している)。
- According to the statements in the 'Kojiki' (Records of Ancient Matters), 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), and other history books, the Japanese imperial line has been succeeded by the male bloodline since the first Emperor Jinmu to the hundered and twenty-fifth present Emperor (so-called `unbroken line of Emperors,' however, there are many views regarding the credibility of this theory including the view of Itsue TAKAMURE; that imperial succession was based on the mother-line in ancient times.)
- 小沢は単なる庭園史の研究家でなく自らも日本庭園を作庭し、天王寺公園や伊勢皇大神宮・豊受大神宮の外苑、栗林公園の修景のほか、ロンドンで開催された日英博覧会に出展された日本庭園、また自身の故郷三重県桑名市では1928年に松平定信百年祭にともない造られた九華公園などの作品がある。
- He was not a mere historical researcher of gardens but also produced gardens himself such as Tennoji-koen (Tennoji Park), outer park of the Ise Kotai-jingu Shrine and the Toyouke-daijingu Shrine and he restored scenery in Ritsurin-koen park and even produced a Nihon teien exhibited in The Japan-British Exhibition held in London, and Kyuka-koen Park for centennial festival of Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA at his own birth place, Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture built in 1928.
- 喜八郎の祖父は長崎番十人組頭をし彼の孫の松雄が第二次世界大戦前夜の上海で特務機関員をしていた時にドイツ軍の親衛隊から迫害されていたユダヤ人の一団を三菱から徴用した船で米国へ逃がしたが、そのことは如何にもキリシタン大名を輩出した大村藩と開明的長崎港の歴史的縁を偲ぶ物語と言えよう。
- Kihachiro's grandfather was Nagasaki-ban Junin-gumi kashira, head of an autonomous group of 10 families, and is known for helping a group of Jews who were being persecuted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) to escape to the U.S. on a ship conscripted from Mitsubishi when Matsuo, his grandson was serving as in Special Service Agency in Shanghai on the eve of the Second World War; a story which reminds us of the historical bond between the domain of Omura that produced Christian daimyos and the open and liberal port of Nagasaki.
- 1837年(天保8年)から約30年間書き続けられ、近世風俗研究のための第一級史料とされる「守貞漫稿」には振売について'三都(江戸・京都・大坂)ともに小民の生業に、売物を担い、あるいは背負い、市街を呼び巡るもの'とあり、社会的弱者も振売によって健全に働き、生活できていたことがうかがえる。
- The 'Morisadamanko' written for about 30 years since 1837 and considered as the first-rate historical material to study early-modern folkways describes the furiuri as 'a commoner's job to walk around the city with a cry while carrying products on the shoulder or back in three cities (Edo, Kyoto and Osaka),' which shows that the socially vulnerable were able to make living by doing the furiuri healthily.
- 中世の巫女舞に関する多くの史料が残されている備前国(岡山県)の吉備津神社の例では、1342年(康永元年/興国3年)作成の『一宮社法』によれば、一宮(吉備津神社)には12名の巫女からなる「神子座」があり、一宮の行事以外でも村々の招きに応じて神楽を舞い、逆に村々の巫女が一宮で舞う事があった。
- Many historical documents about mikomai in the medieval period have been kept at Kibitsu-jinja Shrine in Bizen Province (Okayama Prefecture), and according to one documents named 'Ichinomiyasha ho' written in 1342, Ichinomiya (i.e. Kibitsu-jinja Shrine) retained 'mikoza' (literally, 'a group of miko') composed of twelve shrine maidens, some of whom were dispatched to offer Kagura at local shrines upon request, while Ichinomiya also received shrine maidens from local shrines to dance Kagura at Ichinomiya.
- いっぽう歴史を振り返って、第二次大戦後の昭和後期~平成の現代からは、余りにも急激に近代文明が発展を遂げ時代が進歩したことで、その反動として、捨てられた過去を懐かしむ気分が「旧き良き時代」としての大正ロマンの雰囲気を求める傾向もあり、当時の文化事象がしばしば取り上げられ再評価されることもある。
- In the latter half of the Showa period after the World War II and the Heisei period, when looking back on the history of the Taisho period, the cultural events at the time were often picked up and reevaluated since people who cherished the lost past looked for the atmosphere of the Taisho Roman as 'good old days' as a retroaction to the overwhelmingly dynamic development of the modern civilization and the progress of time.
- なお、アンドウの表記について諸史料では主として鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての津軽時代には「安藤氏」、室町時代中期以降の秋田時代には「安東氏」とされている例が多いことから、個人名表記は概ね15世紀半ばまでを「安藤」、以降を「安東」とするが、本稿では便宜上、氏族名は「安東」で統一する。
- Concerning the writing of its name 'Ando,' in those historical records generally state as, the clan used the denomination of '安藤 (Ando) clan' during the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts when the clan was settled in Tsugaru region, while it was settled in Akita region in the mid-Muromachi period and after, its denomination came to be written '安東 (Ando) clan,' and therefore, the individual surnames of the clan until mid-15th century will be written as '安藤 (ANDO)' and after that it will be written as '安東 (ANDO),' and for the sake of simplicity, the clans name will be consistently written as the 'Ando' clan.
- 明治時代に歴史学者那珂通世が、日本書紀はその紀年を立てるにあたって中国の前漢から後漢に流行した讖緯説(しんいせつ)を採用しており、推古天皇が斑鳩に都を置いた西暦601年(辛酉年)から逆算して1260年遡った紀元前660年(辛酉年)を、大革命である神武天皇即位の年として起点設定したとの説を立てた。
- In the Meiji Period, Michiyo NAKA, a historian, put forward a theory that, in establishing a way to count years, Chronicles of Japan employed the Shinisetsu which was popular in Former Han to Later Han (dynasties of China) and counting back 1260 years from the year 601 when Empress Suiko set the capital in Ikaruga, the year 660 B.C was decided to be the year of, a great revolution, the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu.
- 兄弟が畿内周辺を彷徨し、聖なる新室宴において唱え言をあげたことや、弘計の別名である「来目稚子」が久米舞を継承する来目部(くめべ)を連想させること、神楽歌における囃し言葉を「おけおけ」ということなどから、当時に溯る民俗的背景がほのみえ、両皇子発見譚に史実性を認めながらも、詳細には意見は割れている。
- From stories that the brothers wandered around Kinai and chanted at a sacred celebration party for a new house, that the different name of the younger Oke, 'Kume no wakugo,' reminds Kumebe which inherits Kumemai dance, that the cheering refrain in Shinto music and dance numbers says 'Oke, Oke,' etc., there are recognized a slight ethnic background which goes back to that age and historicity of the story of discovery of the two princes, but opinions about the details are divided.
- 「日本の失敗を天皇制のせいだと非難はしても、日本の成功に関して天皇制を褒めることはしなかったのが戦後歴史家たちであるが、これと異なり、明治知識人たちは日本の進歩の功を天皇に帰しはしても、その短所を天皇のせいにはしなかった」という指摘が明治時代と戦後の天皇制に関する論評の違いについてなされている。
- The difference in the views toward Tennosei of the Meiji period and the post war period is pointed out that the 'post-war historians were all blaming the Tennosei for the failure of Japan but never praised it for the success of the country; to the contrary, intellectuals of the Meiji period thanked the Emperor for their success but never blamed him for the defects.'
- 一般的には、論理の明解さから新説を支持する意見が多いとされるが、美術史の立場からは、三像の画風が平安後期-鎌倉初期のものであり、様式から見て南北朝期のものとは言い難く、三像の成立を南北朝期まで下らせる積極的理由のないことが繰り返し強調されるなど、両者間の断絶は大きく、論争の終結はまだ見込まれていない。
- The new theory has been strongly supported generally for its clear logic; however, in terms of art history, they are taking a drawing style which is seen in the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period, that could not be a drawing in the period of Northern and Southern Courts, and it is repeatedly claimed that there is no positive evidence to consider that these three portraits were done in the period of Northern and Southern Courts; there has been a significant gap between these theories and the controversy has not yet been concluded.
- 明治の市川團十郎 (9代目)・尾上菊五郎 (5代目)、あるいは戦前の尾上菊五郎 (6代目)・中村吉右衛門 (初代)こそが最高の役者であるという信念に基き、彼らに今の役者は遠く及ばないという下降史観によって役者や舞台を批判する老人のことを、それよりも若い世代が揶揄的に、あるいは老人自身が自嘲的に言う言葉。
- They are the terms by which younger generations teasingly refer to old people (or what old people call themselves with ridicule), who, based on the belief that Danjuro ICHIKAWA (9th) and Kikugoro ONOE (the fifth) in the Meiji Period or Kikugoro ONOE (the sixth) and Kichiemon NAKAMURA (1st) before World War Ⅱ were the best actors, criticizing actors and their performance thinking no present actors can approach them in performance.
- しかし昭和24年(1949年)にイギリスのドリュー女史(Dr. Kathleen Mary Drew Baker 1901年-1957年9月14日)が海苔の糸状体を発見し、それまで不明であった海苔のライフサイクルが解明され、不確実な天然採苗に代わる人工採苗を実用化し、養殖が可能な地域の拡大にも繋がった。
- However, in 1949 Dr. Kathleen Mary Drew Baker (1901- Septemper 14, 1957) discovered the filaments of nori, thus elucidating the heretofore mysterious life cycle and led to the expansion of the areas in which the cultivation was possible by putting to practical use the artificial collection of seedlings instead of the natural one, which was unstable.
- 杉山丹後の門下からは江戸半太夫(半太夫節)、十寸見河東(河東節)が、薩摩浄雲の門下からは薩摩外記太夫(外記節)、大薩摩主膳太夫(大薩摩節)、都太夫一中(一中節)、竹本筑後掾(義太夫節)などが輩出し、浄瑠璃の歴史の上で一時期を画することとなった(半太夫節と外記節は河東節に、大薩摩節は長唄に吸収されて残っている)。
- Given the successive appearance of Handayu EDO (Handayu-bushi) and Kato MASUMI (Kato-bushi), who were disciples of Tango SUGIYAMA, Satsuma Geki Dayu (Geki-bushi) and Shuzen Osatsuma Dayu (Osatsuma-bushi), who were in turn disciples of Joun SATSUMA, Miyakodayu Icchu (Icchu-bushi) and Takemoto Chikugo no jo (Gidayu-bushi), this era was epochal in the history of Joruri (Hadayu-bushi and Geki-bushi continued their existence after being integrated into Kato-bushi, and Osatsuma-bushi continued its existence after being integrated into Nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment).
- 文化財保護法第2条第1項第1号では、建築物、絵画、彫刻、工芸、書道、典籍、古文書その他の有形の文化的所産で、日本国にとって歴史上または芸術上価値の高いもの(これらのものと一体をなしてその価値を形成している土地その他の物件を含む。)並びに考古資料及びその他の学術上価値の高い歴史資料を、「有形文化財」と定義している。
- Under No.1, Item 1, Article 2 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, 'tangible cultural properties' are defined as buildings, paintings, sculptures, crafts, calligraphy, classical books, paleography, and other cultural products with tangible forms (including land and other properties that create value by being a part of those products) that possess high historical or artistic value for Japan as well as archaeological artifacts and other historical documents with high academic values.
- ローマ帝国の君主の称号のひとつである Imperator は、通常「皇帝」と訳され、また Caesar という家名も君主の称号となって、東西ローマ帝国の歴史を継承する社会(神聖ローマ帝国・ドイツ帝国・オーストリア帝国のカイザー、ロシア帝国のツァーリなど)の統治者・君主の称号として使われ、これも「皇帝」と訳される。
- Imperator, one of the titles for the monarch in the Roman Empire, is usually translated as 'Kotei' and the family name Caesar became a title for the monarch, which was used as a title for the ruler and monarch in societies that inherit the history of East Western Roman Empire, and it also translated as 'Kotei.'
- ただし、御会始そのものは室町時代に中絶しており、『晴和歌御会作法故実』(著者不明であるが、霊元上皇書写の国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵本がある)という書物によれば、後円融天皇の永和 (日本)年間の和歌御会始を模範として後柏原天皇が明応10年(文亀元年/1501年)正月の月次歌会を独立した儀式として執り行ったことが記されている。
- Although Gokaihajime itself ceased to be held in the Muromachi period, Emperor Gokashiwabara held a monthly poetry reading as an independent ceremony on New Year's Day in 1501 on the model of waka gokaihajime during the Eiwa era of the Emperor Goenyu's reign, according to 'seiwa utagokai saho kojitsu' (Ancient Practices of New Year Imperial Poetry Reading Party Manner.) (Its author is unknown, but a copy of the book hand written by the Retired Emperor Reigen is possessed by National Museum of Japanese History.)
- 欠史八代を史実の反映と見る立場からは、書紀の記述によると、神武天皇が畿内で即位後は畿内周辺の狭い領域のことしか出てこないが、崇神天皇の代になって初めて、日本の広範囲の出来事の記述が出てくるので、神武天皇から開化天皇までは畿内の地方政権の域を出ず、崇神天皇の代になって初めて日本全国規模の政権になったのではと考える説もある。
- Descriptions in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki after the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu are limited to the Kinai region (region around Kyoto and Nara) and its surrounding areas until Emperor Sujin, after whose enthronement descriptions of events in various other areas in Japan appear. Based on these descriptions, some of those who regard the eight undocumented generations of emperors as genuine historical figures argue that the ancient Yamato government was a local power during the period between Emperor Jinmu and Emperor Kaika and established its power nationwide only in the generation of Emperor Sujin.
- しかし、魏(220年~265年)以降「3日を用いて上巳を用いず」としており、顕宗の記が依然として上巳を用いているほか、顕宗の記2年の条では喜び集まったの記載にある公卿以下といった冠職姓は7世紀ごろの呼称であり、公式の記録も8世紀まで飛んでいるため、この記事については日本書紀の編者が挿入したとみられ、史料としての信憑性は低い。
- However, this article is not reliable as a historical source, and seems to have been inserted by an editor of Nihon Shoki later; since the period of Wei (220 - 265), Chinese people decided 'not to use joshi any more,' while Kenzo no ki (records of the era of the Emperor Kenzo) still used joshi, and moreover, in the ninen no jo (article of the second year of the Emperor Kenzo's reign) of Kenzo no ki, the family names based on the ranks of headdresses appeared, though these were the names used around the seventh century, and there was a gap in the official record until the eighth century.
- 現状としては内陸型工業団地としては比較的大規模な長田野工業団地が高度経済成長を経た1974年(昭和49年)に整備着手がなされたことによる、工業や商業が主な福知山の産業になっているが、それらのかつての伝統と歴史を復活させようと総合的な学習の時間で学ばせる教育機関や、そういった活動の趣旨の民間団体が結成されるなどの動きも見られる。
- Currently heavy industries and commerce are the main industries of Fukuchiyama due to the development of Osadano Industrial Park (comparatively large inland industrial parks), which started in 1974 after the rapid economic growth; the development of this park has spawned some movements by educational institutions to implement a comprehensive curriculum to teach former traditions and history, together with the formation of private organizations which aim to carry out such activities.
- 院政中には2回の元の対日侵攻(元寇)が起こり、自ら伊勢神宮で祈願するなど積極的な活動を行った(当時の治天・亀山上皇と天子・後宇多天皇の父子いずれかが「身を以って国難に代える祈願」を伊勢大神宮に奉ったことは史実のようだが、さて父子のどちらにその祈願を帰すべきかは、大正年間に学者の間で大論争を呼んでいまだ決着のつかない問題である)。
- During his reign the Mongolians invaded Japan (Genko, Mongolian Expeditions against Japan) twice, the Emperor acted eagerly to pray at Ise Jingu Shrine, etc. (During this period, both the Retired Emperor Kameyama and Emperor Gouda, father and son, prayed at Ise Jingu Shrine and were ready to sacrifice themselves to help the nation, however it is not clear who to appreciate for this, the Retired Emperor Kameyama or Emperor Gouda, and this was a big controversial theory between the scholars during the Taisho period and the issue still has not been concluded.)
- 4代・6代~9代の天皇の名は明らかに和風諡号と考えられるが、記紀のより確実な史料による限り、和風諡号の制度ができたのは6世紀半ばごろであるし、神武・綏靖のように、伝えられる名が実名であるとすると、それに「神」がつくのも考え難く、やはり神話的ないし和風諡号的なものであるので、これらの天皇は後世になって皇統に列せられたものと推定できる。
- The names of the fourth and sixth to ninth generations of emperors are obviously Japanese-style posthumous names, but according to reliable descriptions in 'Kojiki' and 'Nihon Shoki,' Japanese-style posthumous names came to be used around the mid-sixth century; and although names like Jinmu and Suizei may sound like names of emperors used when they were alive, names that contain characters representing god (as in Jinmu) is unlikely to have been used as names of living persons, which leads us to believe that these were names for legendary characters or something similar to posthumous names and that, therefore, these emperors were added to the imperial lineage later in history.
- 近世においては後醍醐天皇を不徳の君であるとする評価が定着し、徳川光圀によって編纂が開始された『大日本史』においては南朝を正統とする立場から後醍醐天皇を不徳とする認識が見られ、江戸時代には新井白石が『読史余論』において、王朝政治における累代の天皇の失徳が武家政権成立の過程であるとする歴史観の中で、後醍醐天皇をその末尾に位置付けている。
- In those days, the evaluation that Emperor Go-Daigo was an illegitimate sovereign was firmly established, and in Dai Nihonshi, which Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA began to compile, there is a section recognizing that Emperor Go-Daigo was illegitimate based on the foundation that the Southern Court was legitimate. In Tokushi Yoron, the author, Hakuseki ARAI, placed Emperor Go-Daigo at the end of his list of responsible emperors, based on his historical view that the accumulated immorality of successive emperors lead to the appearance of samurai government.
- なお、近年まで「幻の都」とされていたが、1954年(昭和29年)より、高校教員であった中山修一を中心として発掘が開始され、翌1955年(昭和30年)、大内裏朝堂院の門跡が発見されたのを皮切りとして、今日までにかなり発掘調査が進み(当該地域で急速な宅地化、工業地化が進み、緊急調査を強いられ続けた側面もあるのだが)、1964年に国の史跡に指定された。
- Nagaoka-kyo had been called the 'phantom capital' until recently, but members led by Shuichi NAKAYAMA, a high school teacher, began to excavate the area in 1954, and the following year, they found the site of the gate of the Daidairi Chodoin (a large hall at the front in the palace); more excavation and research have been done to date (partly because research on the land has been required to meet the increased demand of land for industrial use and housing), and the site has been designated as a National Historical Site since 1964.
- 貝づか、古墳、都城跡、城跡、旧宅その他の遺跡で我が国にとつて歴史上又は学術上価値の高いもの、庭園、橋梁、峡谷、海浜、山岳その他の名勝地で我が国にとつて芸術上又は観賞上価値の高いもの並びに動物(生息地、繁殖地及び渡来地を含む。)、植物(自生地を含む。)及び地質鉱物(特異な自然の現象の生じている土地を含む。)で我が国にとつて学術上価値の高いもの(以下「記念物」という。)
- Monuments include: shell mounds, ancient tombs, sites of palaces, sites of forts or castles, monumental dwelling houses and other ruins of particular historical significance or academic value for our country and gardens, bridges, gorges, seacoasts, mountains and other places of scenic beauty which have outstanding artistic or scenic value in and for this country; animals (including their habitats, breeding places and summer and winter resorts); plants (including their natural growth areas); and geological features and minerals (including the grounds where extraordinary natural phenomena are seen), which possess a high scientific value in and for this country.
- 大日本帝国陸軍参謀であった石原莞爾は、「人類が心から現人神(あらひとがみ)の信仰に悟入したところに、王道文明は初めてその真価を発揮する。最終戦争即ち王道・覇道の決勝戦は結局、天皇を信仰するものと然らざるものの決勝戦であり、具体的には天皇が世界の天皇とならせられるか、西洋の大統領が世界の指導者となるかを決定するところの、人類歴史の中で空前絶後の大事件である。」と主張した。
- The general officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, Kanji ISHIWARA said 'Where all the human beings believe in the Arahitogami, the civilization of the rule of Right shows its real value for the first time. The last war, the final match between the rule of right and the rule of might is in fact a match between people who believe in the Emperor and people who don't. So the war is to decide if the Emperor becomes the Emperor of the world or the Western President becomes the leader of the world. This is the biggest event of all time in our history.'
- その後明治維新を過ぎると、世の中には皇国史観が形成され、皇室に関する疑惑やスキャンダルを公言する事はタブーとなり、学術的に孝明天皇の暗殺説を論ずる事は長く封印されたが、1940年(昭和15年)7月、日本医史学会関西支部大会の席上において、京都の婦人科医・佐伯理一郎が「天皇が痘瘡に罹患した機会を捉え、岩倉具視がその妹の女官・堀河紀子を操り、天皇に毒を盛った」旨の論説を発表している。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Kokokushikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) was established in society, it was prohibited to talk about suspicions and scandals in public concerning the Imperial Family, it was prohibited to talk about the theory of Emperor's assassination for a long time, but in July 1940, an obstetrician and gynecologist in Kyoto, Riichiro SAEKI wrote in his essay while he was attending the Kansai Branch of the Japan Society of Medical History, that 'when the Emperor had smallpox, Tomomi IWAKURA ordered his younger sister and the lady-in-waiting, Motoko HORIKAWA, to purposely give poison to the Emperor.'
- 14世紀から18世紀まで存在したヨーロッパ史有数の巨大国家であるポーランド・リトアニア連合(俗に「ポーランド」と呼ばれる)では、「黄金の自由」と呼ばれた貴族民主主義の政治システムの体制下で、国王(すなわち中央政府)と大貴族(マグナート)たち、国王と貴族(シュラフタ)たち、ポーランド国会(セイム)と一部の少数派貴族たちの間で利害の対立が深刻化した際にしばしば大規模な強訴が発生した。
- The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth magnate, which existed from the 14th century to the 18th century and was one of the greatest nations in the history of Europe, often experienced large-scale goso when conflicts of interests intensified between the King (the central government) and the major nobles (magnate), the King and the nobles (szlachta), and the parliament (Sejm) and some of the minor nobles.
- ポーランド史最大のロコシュは、1648年から1657年にかけて、当時はポーランド王国領であったウクライナで、ポーランド国会(セイム)のコサック(首都ワルシャワの中央政府に登録されたコサックはポーランド・リトアニア同君連合における正式な地方貴族だった)冷遇政策に反発したコサックたちが自治権などコサックの権利拡大を求めてポーランド国王の錦の御旗を立てて起こしたフメリヌィーツィクィイの乱であると言える。
- But the biggest rokosz in the Polish history is the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, the territory of the Kingdom of Poland at the time, which continued from 1648 until 1657 and in which Cossacks (whose registration in the central government in Warsaw, the capital, officially made them local nobles in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the parliament (Sejm) who objected to the discriminatory policies on them raised a rebellion with the banner of the King raised, appealing for furthering of their rights including autonomy.
- これは、文化財保護法が制定された1950年(昭和25年)当時の日本国の財政状況や政治情勢では指定文化財のすべてについて必要十分な保護措置がとれないために、そのとき新設された「無形文化財」は別としても、戦前の国宝保存法と史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法による指定物件を多く引き継いだ「有形文化財」および「記念物」の2種については、指定物件のなかから特に重点的に保護する対象を厳選する必要にせまられたためであった。
- Since not all designated cultural properties could be protected by necessary and sufficient measures under the Japan's financial and political situations at the time when the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties was enacted in 1950, the government was forced to stringently select cultural properties to be protected among the two categories of 'Tangible Properties' and 'Monuments' to which categories many items designated in the prewar period under the Preservation of National Treasures or the Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument Preservation Law had been carried over, aside from the then-established category of 'Intangible Cultural Properties.'
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- また、歴史学界からは相手にされない説であるが、鎌倉時代の『一代要記』、南北朝時代の『本朝皇胤紹運録』に記載の天武の年齢に基づくと、天武は天智より4歳年長であると解釈できることから、一部の研究家により第40代天武天皇の父親は第34代舒明天皇でないとする仮説(佐々克明、小林恵子、大和岩雄ら)が提唱されており、その場合父親が誰であろうと母親が第37代斉明天皇であったことが皇位継承の条件であったことになるとの主張もあるが、これは仮説であり正式なものとはされていない。
- In addition, according to the age of Tenmu stated in 'Ichidaiyoki' (summary chronicle of each reign) in the Kamakura period and 'Honcho Koin Joun roku' (the Emperor's family tree) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Tenmu was four years older than Tenji, for which some scholars including Katsuaki SASA, Keiko KOBAYASHI, and Iwao OWA advocate a tentative theory that the father of the fortieth Emperor Tenmu was not the thirty-fourth Emperor Jomei, and it is also advocated that the prerequisite for succeeding to the throne was that his mother was the thirty-seventh Emperor Saimei no matter who his father was; anyway, this is a tentative non-official theory and not accepted by the historical community.
- 古代の妃に関して、正史などによって確実なのは桓武天皇妃酒人内親王(光仁天皇皇女・桓武天皇異母妹)、平城天皇妃朝原内親王及び大宅内親王(ともに桓武天皇皇女・平城天皇異母妹)、嵯峨天皇妃高津内親王(桓武天皇皇女・嵯峨天皇異母妹)、同多治比高子(多治比氏守娘・夫人からの昇格)、醍醐天皇妃為子内親王(光孝天皇皇女・醍醐天皇叔母)であり、他に皇太妃(現在の皇太子妃)として草壁皇子妃阿閇皇女(天智天皇皇女・草壁皇子叔母、ただし皇子は即位せずに死去)、その他の例として大伴親王妃高志内親王(桓武天皇皇女・大伴親王異母妹、ただし妃は親王の立太子・即位前に死去)の例が存在する。
- Officai history confirmed that there are many Hi in ancient times, certain ones were Imperial Princess Sakahito (Imperial Princess of Emperor Konin, younger maternal half-sister of Emperor Kanmu), Emperor Kanmu's empress, Princess Asahara, Emperor Heizei's empress and Imperial Princess Oyake (both Imperial Princesses of Emperor Kanmu, younger maternal half-sister of Emperor Heizei), Princess Takatsu (Imperial Princess of Emperor Kanmu, younger maternal half-sister of Emperor Heizei) and TAJIHI no Takako (daughter of TAJIHI no ujinokami, upgraded from Fujin [consort of emperor]), both of them were Emperor Saga's empress, Imperial Princess Ishi (Imperial Princess of Emperor Koko, aunt of Emperor Daigo), Emperor Daigo's Empress, and as wife of prince (crown princess in modern time), Princess Ahe (Imperial Princess of Emperor Tenchi, aunto of Prince Kusakabe, but Prince didn't ascended the throne because he died), Prince Kusakabe's wife, and Imperial Princess Koshi (Imperial Princess of Emperor Kanmu, younger maternal half-sister of Imperial Prince Otomo, but the princess died before the prince ascended the crown prince and the throne), Imperial Prince Otomo's wife.