単: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 単独町名
- Independent town names
- 長さの単位
- Unit of Length
- a unit of length
- a measure of length
- Units of length
- 面積の単位
- Unit of Area
- Units of area
- CGS単位系
- centimetre-gram-second system of units
- 単語群の題材
- Subjects for Word Groups
- 石 (単位)
- Koku (a unit of volume in old Japanese system of weights and measures originated in China)
- 町 (単位)
- Cho (a unit of length in old Japanese system of weights and measures)
- 単とも書く。
- Hitoe is written as '単衣' or '単' (pronunciation is the same).
- 直衣と十二単
- Juni-hitoe and noshi (everyday clothes for nobles)
- 単(ひとえ)
- Hitoe (unlined garment):
- 著名な単立寺院
- Famous Tanritsu temples
- 著名な単立神社
- Famous Tanritsu shrines
- 武士の最小単位
- Smallest unit of bushi
- 基本単位(坪)
- Basic unit (tsubo)
- 上記の単行本。
- This is the series above published as a book.
- 単に生麩とも。
- It is simply called namafu.
- 土地の面積の単位
- As an unit of land area
- 布の大きさの単位
- As an unit for the size of textile
- 単純泉(五色湯)
- Simple thermal hot spring (Goshikiyu hot spring)
- 単に水呑ともいう。
- They were also called just Mizunomi.
- 15歳で単身渡米。
- He went to the U.S. at the age of 15 by himself.
- 質量単位としての両
- Ryo as the weight unit
- 通貨単位としての両
- Ryo as a currency unit
- アルカリ性単純温泉
- Alkaline simple hot spring
- Alkaline simple hot spring.
- 単に居留地ともいう。
- Such foreign settlements are also referred to simply as 'settlements.'
- 単に関(せき)とも。
- Sekisho were also referred to simply as 'seki' (barriers).
- 単体の妖怪ではない。
- It is not a single entity.
- 対語:単衣(ひとえ)
- Antonym : hitoe (a single layer of kimono)
- 単に間(あい)とも。
- It is also called 'Ai' in brief.
- 臨済宗系の単立寺院。
- It is an independently incorporated temple of the Rinzai school.
- 単に水戸家ともいう。
- It is also simply referred to as the Mito family.
- 単に、心学ともいう。
- It is also called Shingaku (Mind school) for short.
- 単に「かす」ともいう。
- Aburakasu is also called simply 'kasu' in these regions.
- 他の尺貫法の単位との関連
- The Conversion with Other Traditional System of Weights and Measures
- 単に三が日とも呼ばれる。
- They are also called simply 'the first three days.'
- 単と異なり麻布を用いる。
- It differed from hitoe with its use of hemp cloth.
- (市制 (単位系)も参照)
- (Also refer to the article of Chinese Traditional System of Measurement)
- 家督制:嫡男による単独相続
- Family estate system: the single succession by the legitimate eldest son
- 尺貫法における面積の単位。
- The unit of area in the old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- -- 尺貫法の長さの単位。
- The unit of length by old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 単にだし巻きとも呼ばれる。
- It is sometimes simply called Dashi-maki.
- 単(ひとえ)単衣ともいう。
- Hitoe: Hitoe is written 単 or 単衣.
- これは簡単な方違えになる。
- This is easy katatagae (to stay the night in a place situated at another point of the compass when one's destination from home lies in an ill-starred direction).
- 泉質は単純温泉と塩化物泉。
- Spring quality is chloride spring and simple hot spring.
- 単立(無宗派)の仏教寺院。
- Nonsectarian Buddhist temple
- 単に風炉先と呼ぶこともある。
- Simply, it is also called Furosaki.
- - 国(藩)単位で行う普請。
- This is fushin executed by each kuni (domain).
- おんべ焼き(単におんべとも)
- Onbe-yaki (or simply Onbe)
- 10反が1町 (単位)となる。
- 10 tan is equal to 1 cho (unit of measurement; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares).
- 登山道の到達の目安を示す単位。
- The unit of rough indication for accession in a route of the climb.
- ただ、簡単に釣れる魚ではない。
- However, they are not easily caught.
- 泉質は塩化物泉や単純温泉など。
- Spring quality is chloride spring, simple hot spring and so on.
- 単に「上代仮名」とも呼ばれる。
- It is also called simply 'Jodai-gana.'
- ただし簡単な注を付すことはある。
- Occasionally, however, brief annotations were appended.
- 長篠城攻城及び徳川単独との決戦。
- The Takeda clan also had to deploy their men to assault Nagashino Castle and to fight with the Tokugawa clan.
- 十二単で着用する裏地のない着物。
- Hitoe is one kimono without lining of many kimonos forming juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono).
- また単に「友禅染」とも呼ばれる。
- It is also called 'yuzen-zome' (one of the dyeing processes).
- 木綿あるいは麻製で、単衣仕立て。
- It is made as hitoe (unlined clothing) in cotton or hemp.
- 単にシソとも呼ばれることがある。
- Sometimes it's merely called shiso.
- 単に官牒(かんちょう)とも称する。
- It is also called simply 'kancho.'
- 8月単状(将軍家若宮の行列の威容)
- August (single letter): Dignity of the procession of sons in the shogun family.
- 坪の倍数単位には以下のものがある。
- Units of multiples of tsubo are as follows.
- 文は足や靴の単位として用いられた。
- The mon was used as a unit for measuring foot size and shoe size.
- (にんにち)作業量・労働量の単位。
- When it is pronounced as 'ninnichi,' it means the unit which refers to the volume of work or labor.
- 単純弱放射能泉(天然ラジウム温泉)
- It is a simple thermal, radioactive spring (natural radium spring).
- 単純温泉(低張性弱アルカリ性温泉)
- The spring quality of Arashiyama Hot Spring is classified as a simple hot spring (hot spring with a hypotonic low alkaline level).
- 単独で対抗しえる勢力は皆無であった。
- The Oda family could not be rivalled by any single power.
- 地積の基本の単位は坪または歩である。
- The basic unit of acreage is tsubo or bu (歩).
- 単に「尾張家」・「尾州家」とも言う。
- It is simply referred to as 'the Owari family' or 'the Bishu family.'
- 江戸時代の家禄は171石 (単位)。
- The hereditary stipend during the Edo period was 171 koku (a unit).
- 『古事記』は単に「近飛鳥宮」とする。
- The 'Kojiki' refers to it simply as 'Chikatsu asuka no miya.'
- 彼らは月・季・年単位で試験を課された。
- They had to take examinations every month, every season, and every year.
- 単に官物率法(かんもつりつほう)とも。
- Sometimes called simply Kanmotsu ritsuho.
- 坪(つぼ)は、尺貫法による面積の単位。
- Tsubo is a unit of area in old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- この分銅は「両」を基本単位としている。
- The basic weight unit of the fundo was 'ryo.'
- また、単発ではなく、継続的に実施する。
- This is done not on a one-off basis but on a continual basis.
- 日本における跳ねた回数の単位は「段」。
- The unit of the number of skipping in Japan is 'dan.'
- また別名として単に御経坂とも呼ばれる。
- It is also sometimes called simply Mikyozaka.
- しかし単語の単純な「いろは順」ではない。
- This form, however, was not a simple arrangement of words in 'iroha order.'
- 独立した作戦行動を採れる基本単位を指す。
- It refers to a basic unit that can execute independent operations.
- 通常、単に「尺」と言えば曲尺の尺を指す。
- Generally, 'shaku' simply means the kane-jaku in Japan.
- 「権者銖・両・斤・鈞・石 (単位)也。」
- The units of weight are shu (in pinyin, 'zhu'), ryo, kin (in pinyin, 'jin'), kin (in pinyin, 'jun'), and koku (in pinyin, 'dan').'
- 尋(ひろ)は、尺貫法の長さの単位である。
- Hiro (尋) is a unit of length defined by old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 単純に醤油の色からなど諸説様々存在する。
- There are many other theories such as simply originating from the color of soy sauce, and so on.
- 近年の動向・漫画雑誌の売上と単行本の売上
- Recent trend and sales of comic magazines and comic books
- 単は普通の男物につかう紅繁菱文綾である。
- Hitoe was with kurenai shigehishimon aya which was generally used for men's clothes.
- 単語の最初の仮名で「いろは順」としている。
- Instead, 'the iroha order' was applied only to the first syllables of words.
- 地積の単位坪(歩)は6尺四方の面積である。
- The unit used for land area is tsubo (or bu) which is equivalent of the land area of 6 shaku square.
- 他の単位は尺と独立に発生したと考えられる。
- It is believed that other units came into existence separately from the shaku.
- 単色染めの江戸小紋に対して多色染めである。
- In contrast to the Edo-komon of a single color, it is made by multicolor dyeing.
- ほぼ単色の墨絵で、僅かに唇に朱色を点した。
- The pictures, which are classified as Japanese ink painting, are monochromatic except the parts where lips were painted in Shu-iro (Empire red).
- つまり、単なる先例遵守によるものではない。
- Hence, the rule was not just adherence to the precedent.
- 同義語として大将、あるいは単に将とも略す。
- Its synonymous words are taisho and sho that is simply an abbreviation.
- アルカリ性単純温泉(低張性アルカリ性温泉)
- Alkaline simple hot spring (hot spring with hypotonic alkaline level)
- 特に2音節の結合単位については例外がない。
- Particularly, when the unit consists of two syllables, they are never combined.
- このため質量の単位としては「匁」が普及した。
- This made 'monme' spread as a weight unit.
- 単に儀礼的なことだって場合によってはあった。
- It was simply a ritualistic process in some cases.
- 体積の単位升も尺を基準として定められている。
- Sho, the unit used for the volume of an object, is also based on the shaku unit.
- 貨幣価値は4文 (通貨単位)として通用した。
- Its monetary value (currency unit) was four mon (currency unit during the Edo period).
- 里(り)は、尺貫法における長さの単位である。
- Ri is a unit of length in old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 江戸時代以前は「両」を基本の単位としていた。
- Ryo' was the basic unit of mass in and before the Edo period.
- 10升が1斗、10斗が1石 (単位)となる。
- 10 sho is equalized with 1 to, and 10 to is equalized with 1 koku (sho and koku are also the units of volume).
- 単衣→五衣(五枚の袿)→打衣の上に着用する。
- It is put on in the following order: first, one hitoe (a single layer of a kimono) is put on; next, five uchigi (ordinary kimono) are put on; next, one uchiginu (a beaten scarlet silk robe worn as a stiffener and support for the outer robes) is put on; and finally, one omoteginu is put on.
- アルカリ性単純温泉(低張性アルカリ性高温泉)
- Simple alkaline hot spring (expansive high-temperature alkaline hot spring)
- 加入は流派単位で、流派の代表者の推薦が必要。
- Joining the association is at the school level, and requires the recommendation of the representative person of the school.
- 里見八犬伝、あるいは単に八犬伝とも呼ばれる。
- It is also called Satomi Hakkenden, or simply, Hakkenden.
- 販売方法であるので正しくは団子単体ではない。
- It does not refer to any kind of dango; it refers to a particular way of selling.
- 単一の備よりも柔軟な作戦行動を採る事ができる。
- Compared to single sonae, it was possible for them to be more flexible in taking tactical actions.
- 合(ごう)は、尺貫法における体積の単位である。
- Go (a unit) is a unit of cubic volume in old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 間(けん)は、尺貫法における長さの単位である。
- Ken is the unit of length by old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 寸(すん)は、尺貫法における長さの単位である。
- Sun is a length unit in the traditional East Asian system of weights and measures.
- 後にこの1辺の長さが距離の単位「里」となった。
- Later, the length of its one side became the unit of length 'ri.'
- 女性の「直衣」に当たるのが「十二単」であった。
- At that time, juni-hitoe was an equivalent costume to noshi.
- 桃青から芭蕉に俳号を単純に変えたとはいえない。
- Thus, it cannot be said that Basho simply changed his Haigo from Tosei to Basho.
- そしてその単価と総額(消費額)とが発表される。
- The average visitor spending and the total amount (of consumption) for each category are released.
- 銭の単位は、1,000個で貫・緡または千と呼ぶ。
- 1,000 sen was called kan, sashi or sen.
- 丈(じょう)は、尺貫法における長さの単位である。
- Jo is the unit of length by old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 日本の建造物は「間」を単位として設計されてきた。
- Japanese buildings have been designed with 'ken' as a unit.
- 不動産取引自体に直接「坪」という単位は使えない。
- However, the unit 'tsubo' is prohibited from using directly in real estate transaction.
- 尺(しゃく)は、尺貫法における長さの単位である。
- Shaku (尺) is one of the units in the traditional East Asian system of weights and measures.
- なお、合・勺は、体積の単位を流用したものである。
- Both go and shaku are originally the units for measuring volume, which are also used for measuring acreage.
- 打衣(うちぎぬ)は、十二単で着用する着物の一つ。
- Uchiginu is one kimono of many kimonos forming juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono).
- 表衣(おもてぎぬ)は十二単を構成する着物の一つ。
- Omoteginu is one of many kimonos forming juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono).
- 構造は単衣、打衣、表衣と全く変わらない物である。
- Its design is exactly the same as single robe, beaten scarlet silk robe, and patterned woven and decorated silk outer robe.
- 主に十二単で着用する袴で、馬乗り袴の一種である。
- It is a hakama mainly putting on with juni-hitoe (12-layered ceremonial kimono) and is a kind of umanori hakama.
- 単なるテンポ良く畳み掛ける語呂合わせとも言える。
- It can be understood as a kind of punning, giving a good rhythm to the story.
- 匁(もんめ)とは、尺貫法における質量の単位である。
- Monme is a weight unit in the Japanese traditional system of weights and measures.
- 尺貫法における他の質量の単位は、以下のようになる。
- The weight units under the traditional Japanese system of weights and measures are as follows:
- これを、郡・保・郷・条などの支配単位に再編成した。
- Then, Kokuga reorganized the rules of the koden implementing the following system: Kori (district, a unit of 2-20, 50-home neighborhoods or townships, in the Ritsuryo period), Ho (district, a unit of 5-home neighborhoods or townships, in the Ritsuryo period), Go (district, a unit of 50-home townships [comprised of 2-3 neighborhoods], in the Ritsuryo period), and Jo (a unit or a system to divide lands in the Ritsuryo period).
- なお単に寄生地主制と言った場合は日本の制度を指す。
- The term 'parasitic landlord system' used without the frills refers to the system in Japan.
- 律令政府が定めた通貨単位である1文として通用した。
- The coin was designated as one Mon, the unit of currency set by the Ritsuryo government (an ancient Japanese government of centralized governance).
- 実際には、将軍暗殺は赤松氏による単独犯行であった。
- Actually, the shogun assassination was the Akamatsu clan's lone work.
- 日本では、中世ごろから測地の単位として用いられた。
- Ken was used as the unit for land survey from around the medieval period in Japan.
- 他の長さの単位も、尺に合わせて変化することになる。
- The other units in the traditional East Asian system of weights and measures were also redefined according to the shaku.
- 呉春は器用な人物で、独自の画風を簡単に作り上げた。
- Goshun was so efficient that he built up his own painting style easily.
- 紀伊徳川家とも称され、単に紀州家、紀伊家ともいう。
- It is also referred to as the Kii Tokugawa family, or as the Kishu family or the Kii family in its simple form.
- また単に私的に武装する者は武士と認識されなかった。
- And those who were privately armed were not recognized as bushi.
- 租税の対象となる農地は名田という単位に分けられた。
- The farmland on which the taxation was imposed was divided into the unit called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder).
- これは単なる逃避行動ではなく、政治的取引であった。
- This was not an act of escapism but a political trade-off.
- 「小令」は短く単独のものであるが、重複可能である。
- Shorei' are short and independent melodies but possible to be composed.
- 「消費額」は「入込客数」と単価との積で求められる。
- 'The amount of consumption' is the product of 'the number of visitors' and the average visitor spending.
- 明治憲法、あるいは単に帝国憲法と呼ばれることも多い。
- The Constitution is also called 'the Meiji Constitution' or 'the Constitution of the Empire.'
- 分国(ぶんこく)とは、日本のに中世おける1国の単位。
- 'Bunkoku' is a unit used to delineate province-sized areas during the medieval period in Japan.
- しかし、必ずしもそのように単純に移行した訳ではない。
- In reality, ichizoku ikki wasn't so easily transformed into kokujin ikki.
- 守護役は、村落を単位として賦課されることが多かった。
- The shugo-yaku was often imposed on each village as a unit.
- 中国貿易では一億枚単位の取引さえ普通に行われていた。
- In trade with China, transactions of using a unit of 100 million coins were not unusual at that time.
- 日本側も単に国書を送りつけるだけだったわけではない。
- Japan did not just continue sending sovereign's messages to Korea.
- 反(たん、段とも書く)は、尺貫法の面積の単位である。
- Tan (反 or 段) is a unit of area belongs to old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- なお、この納入は村請により村単位で一括して行われた。
- And this collection was done in a lump sum as a unit of village through the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment).
- 1市両は50グラムである(市制 (単位系)も参照)。
- 1 liang is set equal to 50 grams (refer to the article of 'Chinese Traditional System of Measurement').
- 里は元々は古代中国の周代における長さの単位であった。
- Originally it was a unit of length during the Zhou period in ancient China.
- 単行本や雑誌など出版形式によらない配布形式による分類
- Classification by distribution form other than publication such books and magazines.
- 夏も紗を用いず、冬と同様の固織物とし、単に仕立てた。
- Even in the summer, sha (silk gauze) was not used and simply tailored similarly to the Kataorimono worn in the winter.
- 単に便宜的に用いられているに過ぎない時代区分である。
- It is a classification of historical periods utilized only because it is convenient.
- 日本三景では松島と宮島が単独の項目として記載された。
- Among Nihon Sankei, Matsushima and Miyajima are described as independent items.
- 一つは単純に年貢・諸役の負担義務者を記したものである。
- One was that only the person responsible for nengu and shoyaku was entered.
- これは「両」が本来の質量の基本単位であったためである。
- This was because the basic weight unit in Japan was 'ryo.'
- 吉田東寮は単に「吉田寮」と改称され、現在に至っている。
- Yoshida East dormitory was renamed 'Yoshida dormitory' and has continued to exist up to the present.
- 1つは、名田を農民層の所有・経営単位とする見方である。
- One opinion is that a myoden was an ownership and management unit in the farmer class.
- 本来「石」は「せき」と読む重量(質量)の単位であった。
- Koku' (石) was essentially an unit of weight, pronounced 'seki.'
- 原始共同体においては、氏族や部族が社会の単位となった。
- In the primitive community, a clan and a tribe became a social unit.
- 日本において「升」という単位は大宝律令にまず見られる。
- In Japan, the unit of 'sho' was seen for the first time in Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code).
- なお、単に「弾正」と称した場合には弾正台の職員を指す。
- In addition, when it is called simply 'danjo', it means the officials of danjodai.
- 質量の単位としての両は、古代中国で生まれたものである。
- Ryo as the weight unit originated in ancient China.
- また賞賜目的には43匁を銀一枚とする単位が用いられた。
- For a prize or award, the unit of one silver sheet=43 monme was used.
- 1市里=1500市尺である(市制 (単位系)も参照)。
- 1 li is equal to 1500 shi-chi (1 over 3 meters, or approximately 33.3 centimeters) (see also the article of Shizhi [Chinese units system of measurement]).
- なお単には端袖はないから、大帷のほうが単より裄が長い。
- Since hitoe do not have end sleeves, okatabira are longer in the sleeves than hitoe.
- 本衿(ほんえり)地衿(じえり)、または単に衿ともいう。
- Honeri: Also called Jieri, or simply Eri.
- 競馬ファンの間では淀競馬場あるいは単に淀と通称される。
- Some horse race fans nickname it Yodo race track or merely Yodo.
- 単に海苔巻といった場合は細巻きのカンピョウ巻きを指す。
- Nori-maki ordinarily refers to the thin sushi roll version of kanpyo-maki (pickled gourd roll).
- 単に「朱印」と呼ぶことは少なく、通常は「御朱印」と言う。
- It is usually called 'goshuin' instead of 'shuin' without a prefix.
- その最小単位の構成員は、あるじとその家の子、郎党である。
- The smallest group consisted of a leader, child of that house, and a retainer.
- 坪または歩は、尺貫法における面積の基本単位となっている。
- Nowadays, tsubo and bu are the base unit of the old Japanese system of weights and measures for measuring the area of a space.
- つまり、軍制上から単独兵科としての騎馬隊の編成は難しい。
- This means that the military system did not allow cavalry units to be formed by cavalrymen alone.
- 尺貫法と言った場合、狭義には日本固有の単位系のみを指す。
- In the narrow sense, Shakkanho exclusively refers to the unit system indigenous to Japan.
- 屯田兵は、二百余戸の中隊を一つの単位として兵村を作った。
- Tondenhei formed a heison (tondenhei village) as a unit of a troop of about two hundred families.
- 質量(度量衡の「衡」)は、現代では貫を基本の単位とする。
- At present, the basic unit of mass ('weights' of the weights and measures system) is kan.
- 八寸名古屋帯(帯芯を入れず単純に折り返し、縫い合わせる)
- Hassun (24.24 cm) Nagoya obi (simply folded over and sewn together without an obishin)
- それにより、単に田楽といえば焼き田楽をさすようになった。
- Hence, Dengaku came to mean only Yaki Dengaku.
- 当初は本茶と非茶を2者択一で選択する単純なものであった。
- It was originally a simple competition where participants chose between honcha or hicha.
- 老練の客がいるときや、単なる座興など、趣旨は様々である。
- Sumishomo is conducted with various intents such as when one of the guests is experienced, or just for an entertainment.
- 都市部の自治的共同体の単位である町(ちょう)に相当する。
- The village corresponded to a town (cho), which was a unit of autonomous community in urban areas.
- 1994年 京都・大学センターが発足、単位互換を開始する
- 1994: University Center Kyoto was established and started the credit transfer system.
- 三つ一緒に描かれることも多いが、単体でも好んで描かれる。
- The three subjects are often painted all together but also could be individually represented by choice.
- 数羽単位で行動し、ウミウのコロニーに営巣することもある。
- Flocks of several Pelagic Cormorants act together and sometimes nest in a colony of Japanese Cormorants.
- 干支は60年の周期で単純に繰り返すので簡易に計算できる。
- The Oriental zodiac repeats itself every 60 years and the years can be calculated easily.
- 監察のための地方行政単位である道 (曖昧さ回避)があった。
- There were paths under local government for the purpose of inspection (to prevent ambiguity).
- 家学(かがく)とは、家あるいは氏族単位での学術継承のこと。
- Kagaku' means handing down their academic skills within the family or the clan.
- ただし、地域単位における「武家の棟梁」も存続した例もある。
- Provided, however, some regional 'Buke no toryo' still survived after that.
- 匁は貫とともに真珠の質量の単位として国際的に使われている。
- Monme, along with kan, is still used as an international weight unit for a pearl.
- また、備単体では魚鱗や鶴翼の様な陣形はあまり重視されない。
- Furthermore, battle arrays such as the fish scale and 'V' formations were not emphasized in individual sonae units.
- 石(こく)は、尺貫法における体積(容量)の物理単位である。
- Koku is a physical unit of old Japanese system of weights and measures represents volume.
- 単に内容に虚偽を含むだけの文書は偽書と呼ばれることはない。
- It is not called a gisho simply because it contains false contents.
- 老中が連名で発給する連署奉書と、単独で発給する奉書がある。
- There were two types of Roju Hosho: the Rensho Hosho issued in the joint names of several roju and the Hosho issued by a single roju.
- 尺貫法(しゃっかんほう)は、長さ・面積などの単位系の一つ。
- Shakkanho is one of unit systems for measuring length, area, and so on.
- 単に「宝生流」というときはシテ方の宝生流をいうことが多い。
- When people simply mention the 'Hosho school,' it generally refers to the shite-kata Hosho school.
- 鋸を引いたり、斧を振ったり単純な往復運動をするものが多い。
- Most of the old mechanical dolls seen outside Japan do a simple reciprocation, such as sawing and ax-swinging.
- 通常、単に宮参り(お宮参り)というと初宮参りのことを指す。
- In general, miyamairi ((the custom of) taking one's baby to a shrine (to pray for blessing)) refers to Hatsumiyamairi.
- その頃は単に「茶屋」と言う場合にはこの色茶屋を指していた。
- Around that time the term 'chaya' was used to refer to these 'irojaya.'
- 市外局番は、大部分の地域は「075」(京都単位料金区域)。
- The area code is '075' in most of the areas (Message Area of Kyoto).
- こちらは単に間人皇女(はしひとのひめみこ)と呼ばれている。
- She was just called 'Hashihito no Himemiko.'
- 単に壬申の乱の戦勝を伊勢神宮に報告する目的であるという説。
- The first one indicates that it was to make a report of victory in the Jinshin Rebellion to the Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 温泉は最近ボーリングで掘り当てたもので、26℃の単純温泉。
- The hot spring was recently found by boring, and it is a simple hot spring at 26 degree C.
- 事実、徳川宗家当主が家督相続直後には単に「上様」と呼ばれた。
- In fact, the head of the Tokugawa head family was simply called 'Ue-sama' (lord) right after the succession.
- これ以後の荘園と公領を単位とした社会構造を荘園公領制と呼ぶ。
- The social structure constituted of shoen and koryo units thereafter called a shoen koryo sei (the system of public lands and private estates).
- この反は、古代中国の長さの単位である端に由来するものである。
- This tan (反) comes from the tan (端), which is an unit of length used in ancient China.
- 町(ちょう)は尺貫法での長さ(距離)または面積の単位である。
- Cho is a unit of length (distance) or area in old Japanese system of weights and measures.
- 尺という単位は古代中国の殷の時代には既にあったとされている。
- Studies indicate that the unit of shaku already existed during the period of Shang Dynasty in the ancient China.
- ただし、土地の面積(地積)については特別の単位が用いられる。
- Meanwhile, the special unit is used for acreage.
- 度量衡法における元々の質量の単位の基準は、黍の質量であった。
- The units of mass in the weights and measures system were originally based on the mass of millet.
- 現代では単に胡弓といった場合、むしろこれらを指すことも多い。
- Nowadays, when the term of Kokyu is used without any context, it often means these instruments rather than Japanese Kokyu.
- こうすることでそれぞれを単独で味わうより美味しい、とされる.
- It is said that, in this way, the meal can be made more tasty than when each of the dishes is consumed separately.
- ヨーロッパでは冷凍の刺身も簡単に購入できるようになっている。
- It is now easy to obtain frozen sashimi in Europe.
- るり渓高原温泉:単純放射線温泉、低張性-弱アルカリ性-低温泉
- Rurikei River Valley Highland Hot Spring: simple radioactive hot spring; hypotonic, alkalescent and low temperature
- 地域子育て支援センター - 単独型1ヶ所、保育園併設型2ヶ所
- Regional Child Raise Support Center - single function type 1, paralleled with baby home 2
- 単なる住居だが、上記 1 の王府の名残りで「王府」といった。
- While only a residency, but it was also known as 'Wang Fu,' derived from the description in point 1 concerning Wang Fu.
- また、黄砂の飛来が単に季節の風物詩とされているところもある。
- Furthermore, in some areas, the coming of kosa is said to be simply a seasonal charming sight.
- これらの炭素クレジットを 1トン-二酸化炭素 単位で取引する。
- These carbon credits are traded in a unit of ton of carbon dioxide.
- 江戸時代の軍学書には備単体での陣形の組み方を示したものがある。
- Among military science books from the Edo period, there are those that show how the battle arrays were organized within sonae units.
- これに対して、上原勇作陸軍大臣が、単独で帷幄上奏して辞職した。
- In response to this, War Minister Yusaku UEHARA acted as iaku-joso (to make comments on military affairs to the Emperor with full responsibility of the results) and resigned.
- これは、鉱毒被害地の死者数から出生数を単純に減じたものである。
- It was the result number which simply subtracted the number of births from the number of deaths in the areas affected by the mining pollution.
- 奈良時代から明治初期まで、日本の地理的区分の基本単位であった。
- Ryousei province had been the basic unit of geographical division in Japan since Nara period to the beginning of Meiji period.
- 「ミニエー弾」と呼ばれる弾丸の発明により、弾込めが簡単になる。
- Loading bullets became easier as the so-called 'Minie bullet' was invented.
- 七曜や旬 (単位)のような使い方がされていたと考えられている。
- It is considered to have been used like shichiyo or shun (one of three equal parts in a month) (unit).
- そのため日本で単に「明楽」と言えば、もっぱら魏氏の明楽を指す。
- Therefore, when the term of 'Mingaku' is used in Japan, it usually indicates the Mingaku by the Gi clan.
- 芝居小屋にほど近い地に位置し、簡単な店構えで庶民を迎え入れた。
- These were located close to the theaters and were simpler constructions which served ordinary people.
- ウ列音とオ列乙類音とは、同一結合単位内に共存することが少ない。
- Syllables with the vowel of ウ (u) and B-type syllables with the vowel of オ (o) are rarely combined into one unit.
- ア列音とオ列乙類音とは、同一結合単位内に共存することが少ない。
- Syllables with the vowel of ア (a) and B-type syllables with the vowel of オ (o) are rarely combined into one unit.
- 騎馬武者とその武家奉公人を基本単位として構成される備の突破戦力。
- This is the penetrating force of sonae, consisting of cavalrymen and their samurai family servants as its fundamental unit.
- 最終検査に合格した小判は百両単位で包金銀とし勘定所に上納された。
- Koban that had passed final inspection were packed by the hundred ryo (currency unit) to make tsutsumi-kingin (a certain amount of gold coins and silver coins packed and sealed in a piece of Japanese paper) and delivered to kanjosho (financial office in the Edo bakufu).
- 長さの単位の町との区別のために町歩(ちょうぶ)と呼ぶこともある。
- To distinguish it from cho as a unit of length, it is sometimes called 'chobu.'
- 質量の単位の銭(匁)は、この系統とは独立して発生したものである。
- The sen (monme), a unit of mass, came into existence separately from this system.
- 対語:袷(あわせ)なお、麻製の単を特に帷子(かたびら)と称する。
- Hitoe's antonym is 'awase', and especially hitoe made of hemp thread is called 'katabira'.
- 十二単は20kg程あり、春用、夏用、秋用、冬用があったとされる。
- Juni-hitoe weighs approximately 20 kg and it is considered that there were different versions for each season.
- 中国で斜面を利用して陶磁器を焼成した単室の窯→龍窯(ドラゴン窯)
- Dragon kilns are single-chambered kilns in China for baking ceramics, built on a slope => refer to 'Dragon kiln'
- この聞き書き単体の観世宗節による写本も、観世宗家に現存している。
- The manuscript in the form of oral transcription written by Sosetsu KANZE exists in KANZE head family.
- 行政区画(基礎自治体)の単位として村という語を用いることもある。
- The word 村--village is used as a unit of an administrative district (a municipality), too.
- これらは単一で用いられるより、組み合わせて用いられることが多い。
- Usually, different materials are combined for use instead of a single material.
- オ列甲類音とオ列乙類音とは、同一結合単位内に共存することはない。
- A-type syllables with the vowel of オ (o) and B-type syllables with the vowel of オ (o) are not combined into one unit.
- 幕府単独の最初の武家新制は弘長元年(1261年)の弘長新制である。
- Kocho shinsei (new law issued in the Kocho period) of 1261 was the first Buke shinsei issued solely by the bakufu.
- 二十三章では式盤を使って簡単に行年を算出する方法が解説されている。
- A simple method to calculate Gyonen by the use of Shikiban is explained in Chapter 23.
- 『雑筆往来』に代表される書簡に用いられる語句・単文を列挙したもの。
- The third group is composed of volumes with a list of phrases and simple sentences for letters, with 'Zohitsu Orai' being a typical example.
- 升(しょう)は、尺貫法における体積(容積)の基準となる単位である。
- Sho is a standard unit of volume (capacity) in the East Asian system of weights and measures.
- 通常は木綿地の単衣物で、和服の中で最も単純かつ基本的な構造となる。
- Usually, the yukata is an unlined cotton garment of the simplest, most basic structure.
- 百人一首は単に歌集として鑑賞する以外の用途でも広く用いられている。
- 'Hyakunin Isshu' is used in many ways except for reading as a collection of poetry.
- 各事務所には、以下に示すように基本的に一門単位で加入する事が多い。
- As is shown below, a family of storytellers basically belongs to the same company.
- これは、ご飯を詰めるだけで簡単におにぎりの形に仕上がる器具である。
- These are the instruments to easily make onigiri simply by filling cooked rice in them.
- 狭義では神事で神主、巫女、修験者などが身に着ける浴衣風の単衣の事。
- In a more limited sense, it means hitoe (a single layer of kimono) in yukata style (an informal cotton kimono's style) worn by Shinto priests, miko (shrine maiden) and ascetic Buddhist monks in divine rituals.
- 伝来した頃のうどんは「単に粉をこねただけの柔らかな麺」といわれる。
- The first imported Udon noodles were believed to have been 'soft noodles made merely by kneading flour.'
- 本庁および平成の市町村合併以前の各町単位に3つの支所を設けている。
- The main office, and three branch offices per town before the municipal merger in Heisei were established.
- るり渓フラワー温泉:単純弱放射線冷鉱泉、低張性-中性低張性-冷鉱泉
- Rurikei River Valley Flower Hot Spring: simple weak radioactive, cold mineral spring; hypotonic, neutral hypotonic and cold mineral spring
- 数十から数百羽単位で行動し、小枝や羽毛などを集めて樹上に営巣する。
- Great Cormorants act in flocks of some tens to hundreds and nest in trees with heaps of twigs and feathers.
- つまり、これにより精米歩合を、米1000粒単位で精査するのである。
- That is that the rice-polishing ratio of every 1,000 grains is closely measured.
- 直衣装束の構成は、下着を着て下袴、指貫をはき、単、衣、直衣を着る。
- The order of garments worn with Noshi costume was to wear undershirts with shita bakama, sashinuki, hitoe, kinu and Noshi.
- このため、砂漠化や乾燥化の防止は簡単に防ぐことができるものではない。
- Therefore, it is not easy to prevent desertification or to prevent land from becoming dry.
- 16世紀当時としては非常に多い数千丁単位の数の火縄銃で武装していた。
- Saikashu members were armed with thousands of matchlock guns, which was considered a huge number for that time, the 16th century.
- 単純な翻訳ではなく、実用的な解剖学書として再構成された本だと言える。
- It can be said that it is not a mere translation, but is a book which was reorganized into a practical anatomy text.
- 古代には米1石 (単位)の収穫が上げられる田の面積を1反としていた。
- In ancient time, an area of rice fields that brings 1 koku of rice was refered to as 1 tan.
- 新政権は、このような広さを単位区域にして8組の国司を東国に派遣した。
- The new regime dispatched eight groups of Kokushis to eastern provinces with such breadth as a unit area.
- ただし、中国、韓国では民間レベルでは尺貫法の単位が使われ続けている。
- However, private sectors in China and South Korea still use the units of Shakkanho.
- 区別のため、前者を市尺、後者を公尺という(市制 (単位系)を参照)。
- For distinction, the former is called shi-chi and the latter gong-chi (refer to the article of Shizhi [Chinese units system of measurement]).
- 「十二単」という言葉が書物に初めて現れたのは、『源平盛衰記』である。
- The word 'juni-hitoe' first appeared in the book of 'Genpei Seisuiki' (The Rise and Decline of the Minamoto and Taira clans).
- カケリは能のカケリをやや単純にしたもので、『名取川』などに使われる。
- Kakeri is a relatively simple performance of Noh kakeri and used in such as 'Natori gawa' (The Name Stealing River).
- これらの説には決定的な根拠はなく、現状では単なる想像の範疇を出ない。
- These theories have no crucial foundation and are just works of imagination for now.
- 自治としては江戸時代の町奉行の設立により、町単位で自治が認められた。
- For local autonomy, machi bugyo (town magistrates) were established in the Edo period, and autonomy was given to each machi (town).
- 家庭でも簡単に作れることから、古来民間の健康酒として親しまれてきた。
- Because it can be easily made at home, it has been enjoyed as a popular, healthy liquor since ancient times.
- 椅子が用意され、簡単な飲食等が出来る屋根つきの建物が設置されている。
- Chairs are provided and a roofed building in which quick meal and drink can be taken is provided.
- 歌舞伎では通し狂言は稀で、人気のある場面が単独で上演される事が多い。
- Toshikyogen (performance of an entire play) was rare in Kabuki and was often performed alone in popular scenes.
- 子供でも簡単に作れるので、蕎麦産地では昔からおやつとして定番だった。
- It has been eaten as a familiar snack since old times in buckwheat-flour producing areas because even children can easily make it.
- 貫は日本で作られた単位であり、尺貫法を用いる他の国では使われていない。
- The weight unit of kan was devised in Japan, so it is not seen in other countries where the traditional East Asian system of weights and measures are used.
- 単なる諮問機関であって議会ではないためその議決は拘束力を持たなかった。
- Since it was just a consultative body, not a parliament, its vote had no binding force.
- 曲尺は、面積の単位でもある歩 (尺貫法)を元にして作られたものである。
- The kane-jaku was derived from bu (歩; one of the traditional system of weights and measures) used for measuring the area of a land space.
- 貨幣価値は100文 (通貨単位)とされたが、実際には80文で通用した。
- Its currency value was fixed to 100 mon, but in reality, it was passable as 80 mon.
- 江戸時代の宗門人別改帳に代わり、皇族から平民までを戸を単位に集計した。
- Instead of Shumon-Ninbetsu-Aratame-Cho (The Village People Register of Religious Faith and Relationship) at the Edo period, it was calculated in units of doors from the imperial family to commoners.
- しかしながら、丁銀および豆板銀の通貨単位は量目(質量)の実測値である。
- However, the currency unit of Chogin (collective term of silver) and Mameitagin (name of an Edo-period coin) was the actual measurement value of weight.
- 土砂などについては、6尺立方に相当する立坪(単に坪とも)が用いられる。
- As for measuring the volume of earth and sand, a unit ryutsubo (or tsubo in abbreviation) is used; 1 ryutsubo is equal to 6 cubic shaku.
- 単衣や袷(あわせ)のほかに、胴裏を省いた胴抜(どうぬき)仕立てがある。
- Apart from hitoe (a single layer of kimono) and awase (lined garment), there is donuki (juban undergarment) tailored type without lining.
- (2)武家で、糊を強くひいた白布で仕立て、単の直垂の下に重ねて着た衣。
- (2) It was a robe worn by buke (samurai family members) below hitatare (a kind of court dress in old days) of hitoe made with a white cloth crisply starched.
- 単純に五十四世梅若六郎を家元とするという形では議論がまとまらなかった。
- Therefore, they could not simply conclude that the 54th Rokuro UMEWAKA should be selected as iemoto.
- 縦長の長方形をした布の上部に腰に結ぶための紐をつけた単純な構造である。
- Maedare has a simple design of an oblong cloth with a string attached to the upper part to tie around the hips.
- 釈迦が単独で結跏趺坐する様子を描き、着衣には七宝繋ぎの截金文様が見える
- This paints Shaka sitting alone in the kekkafuza leg-positioning style, and connected shippo kirikane patterns are provided on the robe.
- 近世の城郭に建てられた矢や鉄砲を発射するための重層または単層の建造物。
- A multi story or single story building for firing arrows or guns which was constructed at an early modern castle.
- 本来の意味の笛とは異なるが、古くから単に「笛」でこれを指すこともある。
- Although the above differs from the original meaning of fue, the term 'fue' has long been used to refer to nodobue.
- 地方出身の単身者が多かった江戸では、蕎麦やてんぷらなどの屋台が栄えた。
- In Edo where many single persons, not living with their families, from outside Edo, lived in Edo, street stalls serving soba and tenpura flourished.
- 江戸時代には百姓身分の自治結集の単位であり、中世の惣村を継承していた。
- A 'village' in the Edo period (1615-1868) was a unit of autonomous community of farming ranks that developed from medieval 惣村 (soson, a self-governing rural community).
- また律令法は単に法としてばかりでなく、思想史的にも重要な意味をもった。
- Additionally, ritsuryo law was important not only in the legal sense, but also in the sense of the history of philosophical thought.
- このため、単に「天明の大火」と称した場合には、この火災を指す場合が多い。
- It is for this reason that references to simply the 'Temmei no Taika' (The Great Fire of the Temmei Era) often refer to this fire.
- 人事を巡る争いから包括宗教法人を離脱し、単立となったような例も存在する。
- There are examples of Tanritsu that broke away from Hokatsu Shukyo Hojin through personnel tug-of-war.
- これは知行権が一国単位に拡大したものであり、こうした国を知行国といった。
- This indicates that the chigyo right was expanded to be executable over an entire province, and a province in such a state was called a chigyo-koku.
- また古代日本の地方官制については、国・郡・里などの単位が定められていた。
- With respect to the local bureaucratic system in ancient Japan, those units including Koku (province), Gun (country), Ri (neighborhood) and so on were determined.
- 五十戸を単位として行政的に把握する試みが進められていたことを示している。
- This indicates that an attempt was being made by administrative officers to comprehend the population by fifty-family units.
- 貨幣価値は、裏面に波形が刻まれているものが4文 (通貨単位)に相当した。
- For the value of the currency, Kanei-tsuho which was inscribed with raised markings, was equivalent to four Mon (a 'mon' was a unit of copper currency in Edo and 4,000 mon were equal to 1 ryo (a unit of gold currency)).
- また清楽の旋律は歯切れがよくシンプルなものが多く、覚えるのも簡単だった。
- Besides, most Shingaku melodies were so clear and simple that they were easy to learn by heart.
- これらの楽器は、日本人のアマチュア愛好家でも、わりあい簡単に習得できた。
- These instruments were relatively easy for Japanese amateurs to learn.
- その形は単(ひとえ)とまったくおなじで、こぶりで、みじかいものであった。
- Its shape was exactly similar as hitoe (a single layer of kimono) and was small and short.
- 長さの単位に、メートル法ではなく尺貫法の丈・尺・寸が使われることがある。
- Jo (about 3.79m), Shaku (about 37.9cm) and Sun (about 3.78cm) of Shakkanho (the old Japanese system of weights and measures) is used for the unit of length instead of the metric system.
- 単に朝食・昼食・夕食(ないし晩飯)以外の間食全般を指すようになっている。
- At present, it generally means a snack between meals, which does not correspond to a breakfast, lunch or dinner (or an evening meal).
- 古代には、都から近い淡水の海として近淡海(ちかつあわうみ、単に淡海とも。
- In ancient times the lake was called Chikatsu-awa-umi (or simply Awaumi) as the body of freshwater nearest to the capital.
- 麻の葉の場合は三角を3つにスジを入れて1つの三角の寄木、単位文様を作る。
- In the case of asanoha pattern, three lines are inserted into a triangle to make a triangular yosegi unit pattern.
- 条里の基本単位は約109m四方の正方形である(菱形や長方形の場合もある)。
- The basic unit of jori is about 109-meters square (in some cases, diamond shape or rectangle was used).
- 十二単(じゅうにひとえ)は、平安時代の10世紀から始まる女性貴族用の正装。
- Juni-hitoe is a formal attire of a Japanese noblewomen who emerged around the tenth century in the Heian period.
- この技法を用いると、厚い紙を簡単に折ったり、皺を大幅に減らすことができる。
- If this technique is used, thick paper can be easily folded or creases can be considerably reduced.
- 女性の半幅帯や単帯でも良く行われ、文庫結びの代わりに浴衣に結ぶことも多い。
- It is also used in tying women's hanhaba-obi (a half-width obi) and hitoe-obi (a simple summer obi), and it is often used, instead of bunko-musubi knot, for wearing Yukata (Japanese summer kimono).
- この時代に単なる妖怪ではなく、その由来や設定がなされ九十九神と命名された。
- In this period, histories of apparitions were created and were called Tsukumogami (九十九神).
- プロによる作品は漫画雑誌で連載された後、単行本として刊行されるものが多い。
- Professionals' works are often published as a book after serialized in a comic magazine.
- 「十二単の結婚式」の新郎新婦は、全国から応募があった中から1組が選ばれる。
- For the bride and groom in the 'Wedding with Juni-Hitoe,' a pair is chosen from couples applying from all over Japan.
- そして、その中に簡単な算術的手法では手に負えない問題が現れるようになった。
- During the trends of that time, mathematical problems, not easily be solved using the basic method of calculation, started to crop up.
- 同一市外局番の地域との通話は市内通話料金で利用可能(東松山単位料金区域)。
- Any call between areas under the same telephone area code is available at a local call rate (area under the Higashimatsuyama unit rate).
- 現在でも、番組小学校の学区は元学区と呼ばれ、自治会組織の単位となっている。
- Even today, the school district of a District Elementary School is called motogakku (original school district), and is a unit of council organization.
- 館の門では、郎党らが常に番をしており、簡単な櫓が門に併設される例もあった。
- Retainers always watched outside at the gate of the town, some of which were equipped with a simple Yagura-mon Gate (turret-styled entrance).
- 丹後国とあわせて、あるいは単独で丹州(たんしゅう)と呼ばれることがあった。
- Together with Tango Province, it was sometimes called 'Tanshu.'
- このことを契機に五条家単独で大阪相撲や京都相撲の力士に横綱免許を発給した。
- The Gojo family took this opportunity and independently issued yokozuna licenses to the sumo wrestlers of Osaka zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Osaka) and Kyoto zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Kyoto).
- 区内東部の単独町名は、おおむね近世以来の町界・町名を現代に引き継いでいる。
- Independent town names in the east part of the Ward have succeeded most of the borders and names of the towns since the early-modern times.
- 流通総量が増加しているのに伴い物流在庫も増えるので、単純な比較はできない。
- A simple comparison is impossible, because the amount of stock on the distribution routes increases corresponding to an increase in the total amount of distribution.
- 御典医(ごてんい)とは、典薬寮に所属する医師のことであり、単に典医ともいう。
- Goteni (御典医) were doctors who belonged to Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine) in the Imperial Court, and were simply called teni.
- そのため、この時期の武士の所領は名田を単位としており、名田を名字の地とした。
- Therefore their territories were formed on a myoden basis in those days, and their surnames were based on their myoden.
- ただし、この段階での「武士団」は、それぞれの単位ではさほど多いものではない。
- However, each 'bushidan' did not have many members.
- 質量の単位としての石は現在の中国でも使用されている(zh石 (质量单位))。
- Koku is still used in China as a unit of mass.
- ただし、今日でも日本酒などの一部の酒類は1.8リットル単位で取引されている。
- However, some kinds of alcohol, such as sake (Japanese liquor), are sold by the amount of 1.8 liters even today.
- これは単なるキリスト教圏や、イスラム教圏など異文化の無知に基づく偏見である。
- This is merely a prejudice based on the ignorance of different cultures such as Christian nations and Islamic nations.
- 一方中華人民共和国では、当時秤量銀貨(銀錠)の額面単位に「両」を用いていた。
- In the People's Republic of China at that time, the 'ryo' unit was used to show the face value of silver-by-weight standard coins.
- 十二単では季節ごとに対応する色目の襲を着用したが、通年使われるものもあった。
- Juni-hitoe was worn with Kasane (adding colors) which was suitable for each season, but some Kasane were used all year round.
- 転じて、一幅分の布そのものやその個数を数える単位としても用いられる事がある。
- Also it is sometimes used for name of a cloth with one haba, and unit to count number of the cloth.
- 東山区西側の平坦地の町名は、広域地名を冠称せず、単独の町名で表示されている。
- The town names of the flat lands in the western part of Higashiyama Ward are not prefixed by broader district names, but uses individual town names.
- 信長・秀吉にとって、紀伊での戦いは単に一地域を制圧することにとどまらなかった。
- For Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, the war in Kii did not merely mean the conquest of one region.
- 社研という単なる学生の思想研究団体にこの法を適用するのは無理があったとされる。
- Therefore, applying this Law to Shaken, which was only a students' ideological group, was deemed too strict.
- 無論、備単位で作戦行動が行われる事もあるので総てが一手部隊に属する訳ではない。
- Of course, in some cases the tactical actions were executed by single sonae units, and not all of them necessarily belong to one te unit.
- 「注釈本系」は、単語や短句、文意について、「注」の形で解説を試みたものである。
- Chushakubon-kei' attempted to give a commentary on words, phrases and sentence meanings in the form of 'book notes.'
- 戦国時代には一説によると寺領が50万石 (単位)とも70万石とも言われている。
- Some say that the land belonged to temples reached 500,000 or 700,000 koku (unit of measurement) in the Warring States Period.
- 元山は単に貿易の要所としてだけでなく、対ロシアの拠点としての機能も重視された。
- Wonsan was considered as an important site not only for trade, but also as a foothold against Russia.
- 旧暦を単に太陰太陽暦と言ったり正しい語法ではないが太陰暦・陰暦と言ったりする。
- The old calendar is therefore called 'a lunisolar calendar,' which is however incorrect.
- 茶箱手前を制度化している裏千家の作法に則って以下使い方について簡単に解説する。
- Herein below, the manner of using kinto is briefly explained according to manners of Urasenke school in which chabako-demae is institutional.
- 北信濃市町村との連携「ぶらり北信濃ひな巡り」や「十二単の結婚式」も実施される。
- Events called 'Burari Kitashinano Hina Tour' and 'Wedding with Juni-Hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono)' are also conducted in cooperation with municipalities in northern Shinano Province.
- 他におむすび(御結び)や握り飯、単に「むすび」、「握り」と呼ばれることもある。
- It is also called omusubi or nigiri-meshi, or simply 'musubi' or 'nigiri' occasionally.
- 単純にカレーライス用の汁(カレーソース)をうどんにかけただけという場合もある。
- Curry Udon is sometimes cooked by simply pouring curry sauce cooked for 'curry and rice' over Udon noodles.
- それに対し、戦国時代 (日本)や江戸時代の領主の領地は村や町を単位としていた。
- In contrast, during the Sengoku period (Warring States period, 1482-1558) or the Edo period, a unit of a landlord's territorial land was a village or a town.
- 日本三景では松島と宮島が単独の項目として記載され、各々三ツ星が3つずつ付いた。
- Among Nihon Sankei, Matsushima and Miyajima are described as independent items and each ranked three triple-star.
- 検地帳(けんちちょう)とは、検地の結果を村単位で集計して取りまとめた帳簿のこと。
- 'Kenchi-cho' refers to the register compiled per village, in which the result of 'kenchi' (land survey) was added up.
- 在家役(ざいけやく)とは、中世において在家を収取単位として賦課された租税のこと。
- 'Zaike-yaku' refers to the tax and the labor that were imposed per 'zaike' in medieval Japan.
- 大抵の場合は一手部隊を単独もしくは複数併せたものを独立部隊として行動させている。
- Therefore, in most cases, one te unit was mobilized, either alone or together with other multiples, which were then considered as an independent unit.
- 『十二月往来』に代表される1年12ヶ月の月単位に配列して書簡の文例を示したもの。
- The second group consists of those like 'Junigetsu Orai,' which have an assortment of example sentences for letters arranged according to the 12 months of the year.
- だが、イギリス単独ではイギリスの中国における利権の維持にあたるには限界があった。
- However, there was a limit to what Britain alone could do to maintain their rights and interests in China.
- 令制国が行政単位として使われなくなってからもその名称と区画は長く用いられてきた。
- The name of ryoseikoku (provinces) and the divisions have been used for a long time even after the provinces were ceased to be used as administrative unit.
- 特に長さの単位は時代とともに長くなり、唐代以降は1寸が3cm程度でほぼ一定した。
- Especially, with regard to the unit of length, the length per unit became longer with the times until the length was fixed at about 3 centimeters for 1 sun in and after Tang Dynasty.
- 天正年間の1両は米4石 (単位)、永楽通宝1貫文、鐚銭4貫文とほぼ等価であった。
- In the Tensho era (1573 to 1592), 1 ryo was almost equal to the following things in value, that is, 4 koku of rice, 1 kanmon (former Japanese currency unit) of Eiraku Tsuho (Yong Le Tong Bao in pinyin, a copper coin minted in Ming dynasty China), and 4 kanmon of bad copper coins.
- 1里は1800尺(360歩 (尺貫法)、6町 (単位))四方の面積を表していた。
- 1 ri represented the area of 1800 shaku (unit of length, approximately 30.3 centimeters) square (1800 shaku is equivalent to 360 bu [unit of length in old Japanese system of weights and measures] or 6 cho [unit of length, approximately 109 meters]).
- 中国では、尋(じん)とその2倍の「常」(じょう)という単位がよく用いられていた。
- In China, the units jin (尋), as well as 'jo' (常) that showed double length of jin, were frequently used.
- たとえば、沖縄で単に「そば」と言えば通常、ソーキそばなどで有名な沖縄そばを指す。
- For example, if one simply mentions 'soba' in Okinawa, it is generally referred to as Okinawa-style noodles such as the famed Soki soba (Okinawa noodles made from wheat flour).
- この際に義憤を感じて単身乗り込んで行ったのが後の住吉会最高顧問の福原陸三である。
- Rikuzo FUKUHARA, who later became the top adviser of Sumiyoshi-kai (the second-largest yakuza group in Japan), went to see Tachibana alone out of righteous anger.
- 絹布の単衣には体裁上なるべく省き、絹布、木綿、麻などの透き織に当てることは無い。
- The use of Ishikiate for unlined silk garments is avoided as much as possible, nor is it applied to transparent cloth such as silk, cotton or hemp.
- 白単衣の他、天冠(三角頭巾)、手甲、脚絆、頭陀袋(六文銭を入れる)などからなる。
- It consists of white hitoe, tenkan (golden crown) or triangle hood, tekko (covering for the back of the hand and wrist), kyahan (gaiters) and zudabukuro (a bag which is hung from the neck when a priest travels) which carries six one-mon coins for the world of the dead.
- また、長期にわたって外遊した結果、単位不足で進級できず学習院大学政治学科を中退。
- Moreover, this official travel lasted for long period resulted in the shortage of credits enough to advance to a higher degree, which obliged him to drop out of the Department of Political Science of Gakushuin University.
- 区内の単独町名としては他に四ツ塚町があるが、同町については旧大内村の項で述べる。
- Yotsuzuka-cho, which is also an independent town name in the ward, will be referred to in the section on the former Ouchi village.
- 『暫』は筋書きが簡単明瞭なだけに常に人気演目の上位にあげられる演目となっている。
- 'Shibaraku' is a popular program always at the top of the list, due to its simple scenario.
- 夏は御衣を略したり、裏のない引陪木《単であるが、文様は衣に同じ》を用いたりする。
- In summer it was worn without Onzo or worn with Hikihegi (a type of Hitoe and the pattern was same as Kinu) without lining.
- さらに今日の歴史学では西欧中心の単線的な発展段階史観が強く批判されるようになった。
- In today's historical science, the unilinear evolution phase concept of history focused mainly on Western Europe is sharply criticized.
- 単立宗教団体とは、いかなる包括宗教団体の傘下にも属さない単位宗教団体のことである。
- Tanritsu Shukyo Dantai refers to Tani Shukyo Dantai (a unitary religious organization) that doesn't belong to any Hokatsu Shukyo Dantai (comprehensive religious organizations that take in religious schools, sects, and religious communities).
- 中世においても、出挙は、単なる利子付き貸借にとどまらず、租税という面も持っていた。
- In the medieval Japan as well, Suiko had characteristics not only of loaning but also of land tax.
- そのため、政府は土地(公田)を収取の基礎単位とする支配体制を構築するようになった。
- Therefore the government established a governance system with a tax collection basic unit according to land (or koden, a field administered directly by a ruler).
- 体積の基本単位である升の容量が時代や国、地域によって異なるため、石の容量も異なる。
- The actual amount of koku is not fixed because the amount of Sho, the base unit of volume, differs in time, countries, and areas.
- 面積の単位反は、元は米1石の収穫が上げられる田の面積として定義されたものであった。
- Tan, a unit of area (a tan is approximately 10.6 meters in length and 34 centimeters in width), was originally defined an area of rice fields that brings in 1 koku of rice.
- 現在では、漢字、仮名の他に企業名や単語の略称などにラテン文字が使われる機会も多い。
- In the present day, latin characters are often used as abbreviations for the names of companies or words other than kanji (Chinese characters) and kana (the Japanese syllabary).
- 大将軍 (方位神)(だいしょうぐん):3年間同じ方角に留まるが、5日単位で遊行する
- Daishogun (Hoi-jin God) was believed to preside over a direction for three years, but occasionally travel to another direction for five days.
- 褌は、パンツのようにゴムを使わず、風呂敷のように、単純な一枚の布で機能が完結する。
- Unlike underpants, fundoshi loincloth includes no rubber, and like furoshiki (a wrapping cloth), it is made of just one sheet of simple cloth and that completes its function.
- それでいて千年単位で刻まれる宇宙年代記の歴史の転換点に必ずと言ってよいほど立会う。
- Even so, he would almost always be at the turning points in the history of a space chronicle that is etched in units of a thousand years.
- また、より簡単に巻ける底が波形になったフッ素樹脂加工された鍋なども市販されている。
- Other types of pans are also available, such as a fluororesin-coated pan with a corrugated bottom that enables you to roll up the egg more easily.
- 16世紀後半になると7本1単位の擂り目を隙間を埋め尽くすかのように施すようになる。
- In the latter part of the sixteenth century, the model that used seven ridged patterns in a single unit was adopted as if to fill the gap between the ridged patterns.
- 肉は牛や豚を単独で用いるよりも、合挽き肉の方が両方の長所が引き立って良いとされる。
- It is said that it is better to use mixture of ground beef and pork, as they complement each other, than just using ground beef or pork.
- 即位の礼では最重要の儀式が「正殿の儀」であり、天皇は束帯、皇后は十二単に身を包む。
- In Sokui no rei, 'Enthronement Ceremony' is the most important ceremony where the Emperor wears sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress); and the Empress wears juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono).
- そのさい、国衙領は、百姓名(みよう)が奈良時代の戸に代わって基本単位となっていた。
- At the same time, the base unit of kokugaryo (public lands) became hyakusho-myo (smaller holdings of shoen held by ordinary peasants), replacing ko (smallest social organization unit in provincial administration) used in the Nara period.
- 京都証券取引所への単独上場企業は、互応化学工業と京都ホテルと三谷伸銅3社だけだった。
- Only three companies were listed solely on the Kyoto stock exchange: Goo chemical, Kyoto hotel, and Mitani Shindo.
- この単位の公式の名称が「匁」になったのは明治時代のことで、それまでは銭と呼んでいた。
- It was only in the Meiji period that the name monme officially began to be used as the weight unit, and until then, 'sen' had been used instead.
- 鐚銭の理解には、単に贋金や加工銭などのほかに、中国などの通貨の実体を知る必要がある。
- To have more accurate knowledge about bitasen coins, it is necessary to know the facts about currencies in China and other nations concerned, in addition to having knowledge about false coins and modified coins.
- 後を追う幕府軍も一定間隔を置いて追尾するのみで簡単に戦闘を仕掛けようとはしなかった。
- The army of bakufu which was pursuing Tenguto just followed them while keeping certain distance from them and did not easily start the battle.
- ただし、「貫」は日本独自の単位であり、従って尺貫法という名称も日本のみのものである。
- However, 'kan' is a unit only used in Japan, and therefore the term of Shakkanho is also used only in Japan.
- 同書ではこれは俗説であるとしているが、唐の駄法にも全く同一の単位系が存在するという。
- The book says that the existence of the previously-mentioned system was just a popular belief, while just the same system is said to have existed in daho of the Tang Dynasty China.
- 一方、総攻撃した熊本城は堅城で、この日の状況から簡単には攻め落とせないとみなされた。
- On the other hand, Kumamoto Castle was so sturdy against the Satsuma army's all-out attack that it was considered to be impregnable.
- かくして経書はその聖性を減じていき、六経は単なる歴史に過ぎないという解釈が生まれた。
- Accordingly, the Classics were gradually losing their holiness, and The Six Classics began to be treated as mere history.
- 場合によっては、単に扇のかたちをしているだけで、紙貼などによって型で作ることもある。
- In some cases, Hari-sen is only made in the shape of a fan, which is created from pasted paper or the like.
- 現在は、省略して単に蕎麦と呼ぶことが多いが、「蕎麦切り」の呼称が残る地域も存在する。
- Today, it is commonly referred to as soba for short but the term 'sobakiri' still remains in existence in some areas.
- しだれ文庫:片方の「たれ」のみを長くしたもの、簡単に結べて個性的に見える利点がある。
- Shidare-bunko (the weeping style of bunko-musubi knot) : the one whose one 'tare' is long, and it is easy to tie and looks unique.
- 竹光と言われることもあるが、現在では殆ど朴の木で作られるため、単につなぎと呼ばれる。
- Tunagi is also referred to as takemitsu (bamboo sword), but because they are mainly made of Japanese Bigleaf Magnolia these days, they are simply called tsunagi.
- しかしその後、織田信雄は秀吉の強大な兵力に圧迫され、家康に相談なく秀吉と単独講和する。
- Afterward, however, Hideyoshi's tremendous force bore upon Nobukatsu, who made a peace treaty all by himself without counsel from Ieyasu.
- 明治天皇自身がこれを呼ぶときは単に「誓文」という(例えば1875年の立憲政体の詔書)。
- The Emperor Meiji called that just 'seimon' (Charter Oath), (for example in Rikkenseitai no Shosho in 1875).
- この羅城は中国の都城のような土壁ではなく、簡単な瓦葺きの板塀ではないかとみられている。
- This Rajo is thought to have been built with a simple tiled roof and wooden walls, unlike the one in China, which was built with mud walls.
- 例えば、律令に定める官職、地方行政単位である国(令制国)、文書の書式などが挙げられる。
- For example, those government posts in the Ritsuryo codes, provinces as a unit of local administration (ryoseikoku), the format of documents and so on are mentioned.
- 基本単位である坪を6x6に並べた区画 (つまり6町四方の正方形) は「里」と呼ばれた。
- The section in which the basic unit tsubo is aligned 6x6 (in other words, six-cho square) was called 'ri.'
- 間は、中国において一般的な建物の柱と柱の間隔を指す長さの単位として生まれたものである。
- Ken was originally generated in China as the unit of length to measure the interval between pillars.
- ただし、坪だけはメートル法の単位できりの良い値にならないため、現在でも使用されている。
- However, it is difficult to convert the tsubo into the units of the metric system by integral multiples, so that the tsubo alone is still used.
- 単行本・ムックなど出版物の下部に巻かれる、タイトルや価格、宣伝などが書かれた帯の別称。
- Koshimaki is also another name of belts which are wrapped around the lower part of publications such as books and mooks (magazines with the characteristics of books), indicating their titles, prices, advertising copies and so on.
- 単なる伴奏(バックグラウンドミュージック)ではなく、台詞と解説を含む点が特徴的である。
- It's not a mere accompaniment (background music), but is characteristic in that it has dialogue and explanations
- 日本国内外で数々の賞を受賞し、単なる職人としてではなく「陶芸作家」としての評価も高い。
- He has received various prizes from home and abroad, and also received high evaluation as a 'ceramic artist' not as just a craft worker.
- 本阿弥光悦作の船橋硯箱は単独の作で、甲盛り被せ蓋、蒔絵描金の豪奢な代表であるとされる。
- Funabashi suzuribako produced by Koetsu HONAMI, which was produced independently, is the most luxurious one that has komori kabusebuta (overlapping lid whose central part is raised) and makie-byokin decoration.
- これを簡単化するため、算変法を導入し、円の一つを直線に変換することで計算を簡略化した。
- In order to simplify the problem, he introduced Sanpenho, that simplified the calculation by converting a circle into a straight line.
- 以後、簪は単なる飾りの管となって懸緒(かけお)と呼ばれる紐で冠を固定するようになった。
- Consequently, kanzashi became merely a decoration bar and strings called kakeo began to be used to fix a Court cap.
- 「毛」や「蝦」の字を用いたのは単なる音の転写ではなく、何らかの意味があると考えられる。
- Therefore, it is thought that the use of the characters '毛' and '蝦' isn't simply based on the sound but must have a particular meaning.
- 嫡男による単独相続はその後江戸時代に続く一般的な「家督」、つまり「家」のイメージである。
- The single inheritance by legal son continued to later Edo period as the normal 'family estate' or 'house' connotation.
- これを受けた各省は省単位で必要とする大粮総額を算定して民部省に対して請求の移を提出した。
- Receiving this, each ministry calculated the total Tairo as a ministry and submitted that bill to the Minbusho.
- その歩を一辺とする正方形の面積のことも「歩」と呼んだのが面積の単位「歩」の始まりである。
- The 'bu' unit for measuring area was derived from that the area of a square, 1 bu on a side is also called 'bu.'
- 英語圏では、同じ定義によるファゾムという単位があり、やはり水深を測るのに用いられている。
- In the English-speaking world, a unit 'fathom' with the same definition as the hiro is similarly used to sound the depth of water.
- 建礼門院入水の段で「弥生の末の事なれば、藤がさねの十二単の御衣を召され」と書かれている。
- In the chapter which Kenreimonin drowns herself, it is written that she was wearing juni-hitoe of mauve gradation as it was the end of March (wisteria season).
- ただし新暦を使う人も混在していて、単に日付を聞いただけではどちらかわからないことがある。
- However, some people use the new calendar in specifying their birthdays, so that it is sometimes unclear which calendar is used when we are given only the date of someone's birthday.
- 「井戸」の名の由来は諸説あるが、単純に「井戸のように深い茶碗」の意とする説が有力である。
- Among various theories on the origin of the name 'ido' (literally,'well'), the most influential is that it simply meant 'a deep tea bowl like a well.'
- 「祭」の語を単独で用いる傾向が強いのは一部の例外を除き、殆ど日本正教会のみとなっている。
- Almost only the Japan Orthodox Church has a strong tendency to use the term 'matsuri' singularly, excluding some exceptions.
- 競技規則ではセンチメートル単位で定められているが、「尺二(的)」との呼称も一般的である。
- Although the competition rules specify the size in a centimeter unit, it is also generally called 'shaku-ni' (also referred as 'shaku-ni mato,' which stands for mato in one shaku and two sun).
- 日本には1543年に種子島に鉄砲伝来したことから、種子島銃あるいは単に種子島と呼ばれた。
- In Japan it was introduced at Tanega-shima Island in 1543 and thus it was called a Tanegashima rifle or simply Tanegashima.
- 近代化以前の「村」は自然村(しぜんそん)ともいわれ、生活の場となる共同体の単位であった。
- A premodern 'village', also called a spontaneous village, was a unit of community where a group of people share a living space.
- 要を木釘で固定した後、鋲で要に刺してあることが多く、比較的簡単に抜けてしまうこともある。
- After the pivot is fixed with a wooden peg, metal fittings are pierced into the pivot with a rivet, so these fittings can fall out relatively easily.
- 遣唐使船は竜骨 (船)を用いない平底のジャンク船に似た箱型構造で、簡単な帆を用いていた。
- The ships for missions to Tang China had a box-shaped structure similar to a flat-bottomed junk boat without keel and was equipped with sails.
- 素朴な表現と単純な技法ながら、人物の表情を巧みにとらえ、芸術的に高く評価される作品が多い。
- The works are simple in their expression and skill, but nevertheless, they captured people's facial expressions in a dexterous way, so many of them are highly evaluated as art.
- この時期の美術動向を、その美術系統などをまったく顧慮せずに、単に一緒にしただけであること。
- It simply collected the art trend in this period without concern for its artistic lineage or other aspects.
- 7世紀末から8世紀初頭に始まった律令制では、人民一人ひとりを租税収取の基礎単位としていた。
- In the ritsuryo system (system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes), which started around the end of the seventh century or the beginning of the eighth century, the basic unit for tax collection was every single person.
- 単に落人と言った場合、治承・寿永の乱に敗れた伊勢平氏の郎党およびその末裔を指すことが多い。
- When the term of ochudo is used with no additional explanation, it mostly means roto (retainers) of the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) defeated in Jisho-Juei War and their descendants.
- 近い長さの単位に丈(じょう;1丈=10尺)があるが、こちらは物の寸法を測るのに用いられる。
- Jo (1 jo is equivalent to 10 shaku [about 3 meters]) is a unit of similar length, but is used to measure the sizes of objects.
- この部隊単位で考えれば、織田軍の鉄砲が1000丁であったとしても、相対的に相当な数である。
- Even if the Oda family had only 1,000 teppo, this figure can be regarded as significant in relation to the size of each army.
- 襲は袖口・裾などに衣がすこしずつ覗き、十二単の着こなしの工夫が多くなされたところでもある。
- Each layer of Kasane (adding colors) showed a little at the wrist openings and the hem, so women elaborated their styles in dressing with Kasane.
- 大トロ・中トロ以外の部分は「赤身」または単に「マグロ」と称して、「トロ」とは別物とされる。
- Parts other than O-toro and Chu-toro are called 'lean meat' or simply 'tuna meat' and treated as something different from Toro.
- 単に砂塵が舞い上がると言っても、砂塵の粒の大きさによってその動きはまったく違うものになる。
- How dust is flung up depends totally on the size of sand grains.
- 農民の保有地が小地面から成っていたように、領地(領主の直轄地)も単一的な土地ではなかった。
- As the land owned by farmers consisted of a patch of land, the land directly controlled by the lords was also not a monolithic land.
- 例えば村議会などは、単なる大字ごとの代表者・大字住民の代弁者の集会という色合いが濃かった。
- For instance, the village council seemed to be a meeting of representative people in each oaza (an administrative unit) and spokespeople of residents in oaza.
- ほかにも倉敷美観地区などが有名で、単に「美観地区」というとこの倉敷美観地区を指す事が多い。
- Other than this, Kurashiki Bikan Chiku (Kurashiki beautiful sight area) is famous, and in many cases 'aesthetic area' means Kurashiki Bikan Chiku.
- という分類がされたが、何か根拠となるようなものがあるわけではなく、単なる分類の目安である。
- This classification has no specific basis, but is used only as a guide.
- 例えば中国では160匁(中国では「銭」)に相当する斤が質量の基本の単位として使用されていた。
- In China, for example, kin (reads as 'jin' in pinyin) was used as a basic weight unit which was equalized with 160 monme (or 160 'sen' [reads as 'qian,' in pinyin] in China).
- 上述のように、先に匁という単位があって、その1000倍の質量として貫が定められたものである。
- As mentioned above, the weight unit of monme had existed, and kan was devised as its 1000 times weight.
- 中国では現在でも「銭」が質量の単位となっており、メートル法採用後、1銭=5グラムと規定した。
- In China, 'sen' serves as the weight unit even today, and after the metric system was adopted, 1 sen was set at 5 grams.
- 坪は日本で生まれた単位であるが、かつて日本の統治下にあった大韓民国や台湾でも使用されている。
- While tsubo is the Japanese origin unit, it has been also used in South Korea and Taiwan because the unit was introduced and established under the ruling of the former Empire of Japan.
- その際、各省大臣の単独副署の制度が廃止され、全ての勅令に内閣総理大臣が副署することになった。
- On this occasion, the rule that each minister could countersign laws and so forth by him or herself was abolished, and it was decided that all Imperial edicts had to be countersigned by the Prime Minister.
- 政府は一部の激派だけの単独暴動なのか、藩庁が裏で激派を煽動していたりはしなかったか調査した。
- The government investigated whether it was a riot caused by just one extremist group, or the government building in the domain stirred the extremist group behind the scenes.
- 「辻」とは「帷子」(麻単の着物)のことであり、つまり「”茶屋”の帷子」というのが本意である。
- The term 'Tsuji' here refers to 'Katabira' (an unlined lightweight hemp summer kimono), and more accurately, it means a 'Katabira in the 'chaya' pattern.'
- 「東七条」を冠称していた8町は昭和40年(1965年)に冠称を廃止して単独町名となっている。
- Eight towns with prefix 'Higashi Shichijo' abolished the prefix in 1965 and have used independent town names since then.
- ハイカラ(はいから)は、西洋風の身なりや生活様式をする様、人物、事物などを表す日本語の単語。
- 'Haikkara' is a Japanese word that means airs, persons, and things and so on that suggest westernized appearances and way of life.
- 平安時代後期に成立した年貢・公事・夫役を徴収するために、名田単位でそれらの賦課が行われていた。
- In the later Heian period, the system of 'nengu' (land tax), 'kuji' (public duties/temporary taxes), and 'bueki' (compulsory service) was established, and their imposition was done per 'myoden' (the farming land that served as the unit of taxation and labor-enforcement in those days).
- つまり、本人が爵位を持たなければ、単に爵位を持つ者の家族というだけでは貴族ではなく平民である。
- Any one without peerage, even if he is a member of a peer's family, is not a peer but a commoner.
- 質量単位の貫は1000匁に当たり、明治時代に 1貫 3.75キログラム(kg) と定義された。
- 1 kan was, as a weight unit, equalized with 1000 monme (a traditional Japanese weight unit), and in the Meiji period, 1 kan was set at 3.75 kilograms.
- さらに、国の下に郡・郷・別名のほか、保・条・院などの租税収取単位が同列で併存するようになった。
- Further, the units for tax collection called ho, jo, and in were created under the nation on a parallel with the existing structure consisting of nation, gun, go, and bechimyo.
- 名田は、多様な支配形態を内包する荘園公領制において、基礎的な支配・収取単位として機能し続けた。
- The myoden always functioned as a basic unit of governance and tax collection in the shoen-koryo system, which included various forms of ruling.
- また、秘密交渉では、日本は単独で対露戦争に臨む方針が伝えられ、イギリスは好意的中立を約束した。
- In addition, in secret negotiations, Japan informed Britain of its plan to go into the war with Russia by itself, and Britain promised to maintain friendly neutrality.
- 布の大きさの単位の反は、(この場合は「端」とも書く)は、おおむね一着分の幅・丈の大きさである。
- The tan (反; also written as 端 in Chinese characters), representing a unit to measure textile, basically is equal to a cloth's width and length.
- また、勾配(角度)を表すときに、水平方向1尺に対する垂直方向の長さを寸を単位として表していた。
- And when an incline was explained, sun served as the unit of vertical length per 1 shaku of horizontal length.
- ただ、発生地周辺の中国内陸部やモンゴルでは、単なる黄砂の降下よりも砂嵐による被害の方が大きい。
- However, in the inner part of China and Mongolia located near places where kosa is produced, damage due to sandstorms is more serious than the simple falling of kosa.
- 絃の太さは、3本単位ぐらいで変えられており、低音部17本は絹、高音部13本はテトロン製である。
- The thickness of the strings are changed in about threes of strings and 17 strings in the tenor note part are made of silk and 13 strings in the treble note part are made of tetrone.
- なお、「鱠」はあくまでも文献上は古代中国の膾が先行するが、もともと原始的で単純な料理でもある。
- The ancient Chinese character 膾 for namasu appeared in documents before another Chinese character 鱠 for namasu, but the term was used to refer to a primitive, simple way of eating.
- また英語の Rickshaw(発音=リクショウ)は「リキシャ」を語源とする日本語由来の英単語。
- The English word rickshaw comes from the Japanese word 'rikisha.'
- 区の南西端、鴨川の東、二条通りの南北の地区の町名は、広域地名を冠称しない単独町名となっている。
- In Sakyo Ward the independent town names which are not prefixed by broader regional names are found along the south-western border, east of Kamo-gawa River, and north and south of Nijo-dori Street.
- この大寄せでは各単位文様から大きさ、材料の良し悪しを決めていきバランスのよい小寄木にしていく。
- In the oyose step, quality of the materials is determined based on each pattern unit, and the pieces are made into koyosegi with a good balance.
- 千粒重(せんりゅうじゅう)とは、米1000粒を抜き出して量ったときの重量で単位はg(グラム)。
- Senryuju (weight of 1,000 rice grains) is the weight of extracted 1,000 rice grains measured in the unit of gram.
- 在家とは荘園・公領における住屋と付属する宅地・田畠・住人を1つの収取単位として扱ったものである。
- And 'zaike' refers to an unit of taxation and labor-enforcement, which was made up of a house and its premises, the nearby paddy and field, and the inhabitants, all of which existed in both 'shoen' (a manor, or a private estate) and 'koryo' (public land).
- 単行形式のものもあるが、通常は数ヶ条から数十ヶ条(最大は寛喜新制の42ヶ条)によって構成される。
- In some cases, it was in the form of a single article, but it normally consisted of several articles or several tens of articles (the most numerous articles were forty-two in Kangi shinsei, which was a new law issued in the Kangi period).
- そのため、この時期になると武士の名字の地(本貫地)は荘園、郡、郷、保を単位としたものに変化した。
- Thus manors, gun, go, and ho became a basis of an origin place of a samurai surname (called honganchi) during that period.
- そのため、従来郡の下にあった郷などの領域を郡と同等の国衙統治下の単位に引き上げる措置がとられた。
- Therefore, kokuga took the measure of raising the status of the areas formerly placed under a gun, for example, go (villages), to a status equal to that of the gun.
- それぞれの項目に簡単な説明を付け、六国史以降、慶応期までの文献から参考になる箇所を引用している。
- Each section has a brief explanation, and includes citations from references from days of the Rikkokushi (six ancient literatures, up to the 9th century) to the Keio period (just before the Meiji period, almost the middle of the 19th century).
- 尺の系統とは別に、通貨(寛永通宝)の直径を基準とする「文 (長さ)」(もん)という単位があった。
- Besides the unit system of shaku, a unit 'mon' that was based on the diameter of the coin (Kanei Tsuho) was also used for measuring length.
- このため、西洋の諸国では困難を極めた地積単位のメートル法への移行は、日本ではスムーズに行われた。
- Therefore, the units of acreage were easily switched to the units of the metric system in Japan, while it was a quite difficult task for Western countries.
- 一方、蕎麦掻きは、作るのが簡単であることもあり、普段、農作業の合間に口にするような食べ物だった。
- On the other hand, sobagaki, very easy to make, was something one regularly ate when working out in the fields.
- しかし、原典の『聴耳草紙』では単に「履き物」とのみ述べられており、草履かどうかという疑問が残る。
- However, there is a question whether the footwear was zori or not, because the original text of 'kikimimi soshi' did not describe the footwear as zori.
- 水切りは簡単に誰にでも出来る遊びとして各地で行われており、水切りのイベントが行われることもある。
- As a game easy for everyone, mizukiri is played everywhere and mizukiri events are also held.
- ただし村普請方という役職もあり御上(おかみ)主導で集落や自治単位の負担で行われる村普請もあった。
- However, some mura fushin were executed through a managerial position called mura fushin kata by the okami in each community or municipality.
- 着物(きもの)は、「キるモノ」(着る物)という意味であり、本来は単に「衣服」を意味する語である。
- Kimono originally has a simple meaning of 'things to wear' as the Chinese characters indicate, i.e., '着' wear '物' thing.
- しかし個人単位でコレクターは数多く存在し、Web上などでそのコレクションの一部を見る事ができる。
- However, there are many of individual collectors and a part of their collections can be seen on websites and so on.
- 近畿日本鉄道沿線の観光地として和泉葛城山よりも知名度が高いため、単に葛城山と呼ばれることもある。
- Since Mt. Yamato Katsuragi is more famous than Mt. Izumi-Katsuragi as a tourist spot on the Kinki Nippon Railway, it is sometimes simply referred to as Mt. Katsuragi.
- すると、新たにこれらの収取単位を管理し、紛争処理に携わる「領主」という階層が登場するようになった。
- Then the class of 'ryoshu' (territorial lord), who newly managed each unit of these tax-collection areas and were engaged in handling disputes among people in the areas, appeared.
- この体制下では農業、漁業、手工業などの諸産業を田堵が隷属する人民を使役し、名田単位で経営を行った。
- In this system, the tato managed several industries such as agriculture, fishery, and handicraft manufacturing on a myoden basis, employing subordinate labors.
- 別符による「郷」は、「郡」の下の「郷」ではなく、独立した徴税単位として「郡」と並列するものである。
- The 'go' by beppu was not the 'go' of the 'district' and was at the same level with a 'district' as an independent tax collection unit.
- 彼らは先進的な部民共同体の中で戸を単位に編成され、6世紀には籍帳に登載されて、正式に氏姓をもった。
- They were organized making each house one unit in an advanced community of people who belonged to the Yamato Regime; in the sixth century, their family name and hereditary titles were written down in their register book; in this way they had an official family name and hereditary title.
- それに対し、陸軍大臣上原勇作は帷幄上奏権を利用して、単独で即位直後の大正天皇に直接辞表を提出した。
- In response, Minister of Army Yusaku UEHARA directly handed in his resignation to Emperor Taisho who had just ascended to the throne, utilizing its authority called 'Iaku Joso-ken' (the power granted to the Japanese Forces to directly submit a proposal of military affairs to the emperor without any control of the Diet and the Cabinet).
- 日本においては現在は1間=6尺と定義されており、60間が町 (単位)(「丁」とも表記する)となる。
- Now in Japan 1 ken is defined to be 6 shaku, and 60 ken is to be cho (町; unit of length; also written as丁).
- 1958年制定の計量法で尺貫法は公式の単位としては廃止され、以降商取引などの使用が禁止されている。
- By the new weights and measures system established in 1958, the traditional system of weights and measures was eliminated as official units and prohibited to use in business purposes after that.
- 尺貫法の長さの基準となる単位であり、転じて物の長さのことや物差しのことも「尺」と呼ぶようになった。
- It is a standard unit of length in the traditional system of weights and measures, and by extension, also the length of object or measuring ruler.
- 一方、十二単を着るほどでもなく、平服でも失礼な場合の時に着用する着物として小袿なる物が発明される。
- Meanwhile, kouchigi (literally 'small uchigi') were created for occasions when juni-hitoe were too formal, but everyday clothes might be impolite.
- アジの南蛮漬けなどと同様に、衣を付けて揚げた鶏肉を甘酢にさっと浸しただけの単純なものだとしている。
- It is said that, similar to nanbanzuke (with Japanese sweet and peppery vegetable sauce) using horse mackerel or the like, a recipe for chicken nanban is as simple as lightly dipping frittered chicken in vinegar.
- 日本語以外の言語でも盤双六系遊戯と絵双六系遊戯にはそれぞれ違う単語があてられているのが殆どである。
- In other languages besides Japanese, different words are mostly used to indicate the board Sugoroku type game and the picture Sugoroku type game.
- このため一部では、鶏肉とは関係なく単にケチャップで味付けされた炒め飯のことであると誤認されている。
- Thus, sometimes chicken rice is misunderstood to be stir-fried rice flavored with ketchup, regardless of whether it contains chicken or not.
- 黄砂の強さや頻度は数年~数十年単位で変動していることや、その変動は地域によって異なることが分かる。
- It is found that the strength of kosa and its occurrence frequency have changed in the order of several years to several tens of years and that these changes have depended on the area.
- 京都市内の私立大学間で単位互換制度を広く実施するため発足した「京都・大学センター」が母体となった。
- The 'University Center Kyoto' was established in Kyoto City to realize a credit transfer system among private universities and was the parent organization.
- この制度は、文化財としての建造物を「点」(単体)ではなく「面」(群)で保存しようとするものである。
- This system is designed to preserve cultural property buildings in their 'aspect' (as a group) rather than as 'point' (individual entities).'
- そのため、白鞘は飯粒を練って作った糊で貼り合わせてあるだけで、比較的簡単に割れるようになっている。
- For this reason, shirasaya is usually assembled using a glue of mashed rice to facilitate splitting.
- 「物事は簡単にうまくいくものではなく、一人前になるには地道な努力と忍耐が必要だ」という教訓である。
- The moral is that things do not come easily and often it takes a steady effort and patience to become full-fledged.
- その特別な命令書(符)ということから、その地は「別符」と呼ばれ、また徴税単位として「郷」と呼ばれた。
- That property was called as 'beppu' by taking after the name of a special order (fu - tally) in addition to being called as 'go' (village) for the tax collection unit.
- このため、転じて子供の買い物など簡単な雑用と引換に貰う小銭のことを「(お)駄賃」と呼ぶようになった。
- This resulted in small money that was given in exchange for a simple chore, such as a child going shopping, being called '(o)dachin.'
- 日本語の分野では、平安時代末期・鎌倉時代の語彙や、単語のアクセントを知る上で貴重な資料となっている。
- Japanese linguistics has regarded it as an invaluable material for studying the vocabulary and pitch patterns of words around the late Heian and the Kamakura periods.
- 当初は諸法令の1文に加えられる形式のものが多かったが、後には単独の法令として出される場合も増加した。
- Initially, sumptuary laws were issued as parts of other laws as single added lines, but later, there were an increasing number of cases where they were issued as independent ordinances.
- 1959年、計量法の施行によりメートル法以外の単位の使用は規制され、升は公式には使用されなくなった。
- In 1959, the Measurement Act was enforced and the use of units other than the metric system was strictly prohibited, so sho ended in its official use.
- 国有財産の払い下げにおいて、その監督官庁に所属する公務員(簡単に言えば監督庁職員)の入札を禁じた達。
- Public employees belonging to a government office (i.e. personnel of the office) which plans to scrap its property are prohibited to take part in bidding for those national properties to be disposed.
- 西洋のヤード・ポンド法などと同様、当初は身体の一部の長さや、穀物の質量などが単位として使われていた。
- Like in the yard-pound system in the West, the dimensions of the human body parts, the mass of grain, and so on, had been used as units.
- 額面は天秤による量目の実測値で、商取引において銀何貫、銀何匁と表記される銀目取引の通貨単位であった。
- Chogin, whose value was determined by its actual weight in ryome (a weighted value) using a balanced scale, was the currency unit for Ginme (silver grain) trade, and it was referred to as 'Silver X kan' (1 kan=3.75 kg) or 'Silver X monme' (1 monme=3.75 g).
- なお、賀茂祭においては近年までこの大帷子が用いられたが、最近は裄を単と同じにしたものが使われている。
- In addition, at Kamo Festival this okatabira had used until recently, but nowadays an okatabira with the same yuki (distance from the seam in the back of a kimono to the end of the sleeve) as hitoe is used.
- また、出産にまつわる宮中行事として盤双六を行う(単にさいころを振るのみの場合もあった)慣習があった。
- Also, as a court function regarding childbirth, there was a custom of playing the board Sugoroku (or, just rolling dices).
- 近年、漫画雑誌の売上は減少を続けているが、漫画単行本の売上は年によって増減はあるがほぼ横ばいである。
- In recent years, comic magazine sales have been decreasing, but comic book sales have been broadly flat while there is an increase or decrease.
- しかしこの外遊の結果、学習院大学の単位が不足し進級できず、長年の学友たちと学年が異なることとなった。
- However, the above-mentioned official travel resulted in the shortage of credits enough to advance to a higher degree in Gakushuin University, which meant that he would be one year behind with his long-time schoolmates.
- 東北・関東・九州ではより広い荘園・公領単位でのゆるやかな村落が形成され、これを郷村と呼ぶこともある。
- In the Tohoku, Kanto, and Kyushu regions, the villages were loosely formed as a wider unit of shoen and koryo and they were sometimes called goson (autonomous village).
- 1947年(昭和22年) - 皇室典範で単に「即位の礼を行う」とし、大嘗祭と場所は規定されなかった。
- 1947: The Imperial Household Act plainly states that the Sokui no rei (enthronement ceremony) will be performed, and there is no provision for the Daijosai or place for it.
- 小辺路を含め熊野古道を概説した小山2000は、1995年(平成7年)の踏査の簡単な記録を含んでいる。
- Oyama 2000' that provides an overview of Kumano-kodo including Kohechi includes a brief record of the exploration in 1995.
- このように、荘園と郡、郷、保に再編成された国衙領(公領)を個々の収取単位とする体制を荘園公領制と呼ぶ。
- The system that shoen and kokugaryo (koryo) reorganized into gun (local district), go (sub local district), ho (Imperial demesne) worked as units for taxation were called shoen koryo sei (the system of public land and private estates).
- そのため、単なる既成事実であった国免荘にも課税(一国平均役)をするため、たびたび荘園整理令が出された。
- Therefore, Manor Regulation Acts were frequently ordered to levy taxes (Ikkoku heikinyaku [taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and kokugaryo in a province]) even on kokumen no sho, which was, after all, nothing more than an accomplished fact.
- また、登下校時や単に前を通過する際にも、職員生徒全てが服装を正してから最敬礼するように定められていた。
- Moreover, they had to make a deep bow after straightening their clothes not only when they arrived at school and left school, but also whenever they passed in front of the portraits.
- これにより、まず国衙の支配する公田が、名田または名(みょう)と呼ばれる支配・収取単位へと再編成された。
- At first this reorganized koden administered by kokuga (a provincial government office) into a governance and tax collection unit called myoden or myo.
- 当初は幕府が直接徴収していたものの、後には有力土倉を納銭方に任じて数十軒単位ごとに土倉役を徴収させた。
- The bakufu directly collected dosoyaku at first, but later on appointed influential doso as nosenkata (an institution to collect tax from moneylenders and sake breweries) and had them collect dosoyaku from several dozens of doso.
- 貫高制(かんだかせい)とは、土地の収穫高を通貨単位である貫を用いて表わした土地制度・税制・軍制のこと。
- The Japanese term 'Kandaka sei' refers to the land system, tax system, and military system which used the currency unit 'kan' to calculate the yield of rice for a given piece of land.
- 単純にほぐした明太子とバターをゆでたパスタとあえ、もみ海苔を降りかけたものも同名で呼ばれることがある。
- Boiled pasta with karashi-mentaiko broken into flakes with a topping of Mominori (toasted and crushed dried laver seaweed) is also called by the names in some cases.
- また『明楽唱号』(編者不詳)や『唐音和解』、『雅遊漫録』付録「笛譜」にも明楽の簡単な楽譜が載っている。
- Furthermore, simple scores of Mingaku are recorded in 'Mingaku shogo' (compiler unknown), 'Toon Wage' and 'Fuefu' (scores for fue flutes) attached to 'Gayu manroku (Miscellaneous Records of Elegant Pastimes).'
- もっとも単純な武器の一つであり、その起源は古く、文献資料も剣術等に比べると少なく、良くわかっていない。
- While being one of the most ancient and simplest weapons, its origin is rather unclear due to fewer historical sources and literature than other martial arts such as swordplay.
- 小袖の発生に関する研究は、極めて学術的で専門的な学問の研究対象であり、簡単に答えが出せるものではない。
- As the origin of Kosode is a quite academic and technical theme of study, it cannot be easily found out.
- 郊外のスーパーマーケットやディスカウントストアなどでは、24~30本入りの箱単位で売られることも多い。
- In supermarkets and discount stores in the suburbs, canned coffee is sold in cases of twenty-four to thirty-cans.
- このほか、地方・都道府県単位で組織する書作家協会や、書家が主宰する様々な会(社中とも呼ばれる)がある。
- Other than the above, there are calligrapher associations organized by regions and prefectures, and various societies (also called Shachu) presided by Shoka.
- 当初は幕府が直接徴収していたものの、後には有力酒屋を納銭方に任じて数十軒単位ごとに酒屋役を徴収させた。
- The bakufu directly collected taxes initially, but later it picked up a large sake brewery from each several dozen houses in the same business and assigned them to serve as Nosenkata (an institution to collect tax from moneylenders and sake breweries) to collect sakaya-yaku.
- 北区内の町名は南端部の9町と金閣寺町のみが単独町名で、他は旧大字名などの地区名を冠した複合町名である。
- With the exception of Kinkakuji-cho and nine towns along the southern edge which have all independent town names, the other towns in Kita Ward have compound town names which are prefixed by the district names such as former Oaza (large section of village).
- 昼食から営業し、持ち帰り用、あるいはその場で簡単な椅子とテーブルを備え本格的な料理を供する場合が多い。
- Street stalls open for business at lunch time, some shops sell take out food; many shops setup simple tables and chairs for their customers, serving conventional food.
- 全国の戸口調査を命じ、一村単位の家数、人数、男女、老若、職業などを明記した書類を作成して提出させたもの。
- It was mandated to take a census, such as the number of households, the given population, gender, age and occupation in village units and to submit the census in writing.
- 戦術が単騎による個人戦から集団戦闘へと変遷するに従い、軍役は所領や収穫量を基準としたものになっていった。
- As the military strategy changed from the one-to-one duels by horsemen to the party and army battle, the military service had been based on the area and the crop yields of the territory.
- 荒木村重は波多野氏の支族と言われており、37万石 (単位)の所領で織田信長より摂津国守護を拝命している。
- It is said that Murashige ARAKI was from the branch family of the Hatano clan and his territory was 370,000 koku and he was appointed by Nobunaga ODA to Settsu no Kuni Shugo (Provincial Constable of Settsu Province).
- 横口式石槨は、本来石室内に置かれていた石棺が単体で埋葬施設となったもので、古墳時代終末期に多く見られる。
- Yokoguchi-shiki sekkaku was originally a stone coffin which was placed in a rock chamber and the stone coffin itself became a mortuary space; many of this type can been seen at the end of the Kofun period.
- 織田信長は単独で有岡城に向かった黒田孝高が裏切ったと思いこみ、羽柴秀吉に黒田長政を殺害するように命じた。
- Nobunaga ODA assumed that Yoshitaka KURODA, who went to Arioka-jo Castle alone, betrayed him and ordered Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to kill Nagamasa KURODA.
- 単に印を押すだけでなく、その下に墨書で寺社名や参拝日などが書かれ、その墨書も含めて「御朱印」と呼ばれる。
- In addition to making an impression, information such as the name of the temple and the date of visit is written in ink below the impression, and the impression together with the ink writing are collectively called 'goshuin.'
- 黄砂の発生が予測される場合は、気象庁から都道府県単位で「気象情報 (気象庁)防災気象情報」が発表される。
- When an occurrence of kosa is predicted, the Meteorological Agency announces to each prefecture 'weather information: weather information for disaster prevention' (by the Meteorological Agency).
- 延喜式において、25ヶ国が負担対象国であり、総計133,729石 (単位)を負担したことが記されている。
- 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) states that 25 provinces were the target of this system with a total of 133,729 koku.
- 形式(手紙文の「書き出し」、生活上必要な「単語群」、手紙文の「締めくくり」、日付、差出人名、宛名の順序)
- Formatted in the following order: 'introduction' of a letter, 'word groups' essential in everyday life, 'closing' of a letter, date, sender's name, and address.
- 16世紀前半には、各地で県を単位とした官田と民田の税率一本化が進められ、中頃には官田は基本的に消滅した。
- In the early 16th century, tax standardization between kanden and private estates was promoted everywhere by the prefectures, and kanden basically disappeared by the middle of the century.
- 中華人民共和国では、1升=1リットルと定義し、また、SI単位としてのリットルにも「升」の字を宛てている。
- In People's Republic of China, 1 sho (also called as sheng in pinyin) is equalized with 1 liter, and the liter as the unit of the International Unit System (SI) is also written as 'sho' (升) in a Chinese character.
- 明治政府は、曲尺の尺の他に鯨尺を布地の計量に限定した計量単位として認め、呉服尺などその他の尺を廃止した。
- Other than the kane-jaku, Meiji government allowed the kujira-jaku as the limited use for the measurement unit of a clothing fabric, while other shaku including the gofuku-jaku were abolished.
- これは民間で使われる単位が長くなっていったため、時の政権もそれを追認する形で公定尺を改訂したものである。
- The private shaku unit became gradually longer which the government of the time had to confirm, and the official shaku unit was redefine.
- そのため、春分とそこから15日単位の日(すなわち二十四節気)には京都のあちこちで貴族の大移動が見られた。
- Therefore, many nobles were seen to travel from one direction to another here and there in Kyoto on the Vernal Equinox Day and then every fifteen days (that is, 24 divisions of the old calendar).
- 匁は、元々中国で用いられた名称は「銭」であり、銭貨(日本では一文銭)一枚の質量を単位としたものであった。
- Monme was used in China by its original name 'chen' (pronounced 'sen' in Japanese), which was based on the mass of 1 coin (in Japan, a coin of 1 mon).
- ここにおける「無」は単なる存在としての有無ではなく、既成の善/悪の観念・価値からは自由であることを指す。
- And it should also noted that the character 'mu (無)' used in the first sentence, which usually indicates 'nothing', 'denying the presence', indicates 'being free from the conventional concept and value of good and evil.'
- 貴族勢力の後退により、経済的な理由などから小袖と袴の上に単衣と袿一枚を羽織った状態が正装となっていった。
- With the decline of aristocratic power, due to economic and other reasons, hitoe and a single uchiki over a kosode and hakama became formal dress.
- 般若の面(はんにゃのめん)、般若面、あるいは単に般若は、「嫉妬や恨みのこもる女の顔」としての鬼女の能面。
- Hannya no Men, also known as Hannyamen or simply Hannya, is a mask of a female demon representing 'the face of a woman harboring jealousy and resentment' used in Noh theater.
- 三浦峠北側には2点の自然石道標が知られており、それぞれ川から25町 (単位)および30丁のところにある。
- At the north of Miura Pass, there are two natural stone guideposts; the one is about 2725 meters away from the river, and another is about 3270 meters away from the river.
- 参勤交代で江戸に単身赴任する各藩の家臣はかなりの数に上り、この結果、江戸の人口の約半数が武士となっていた。
- Because a large number of vassals of each clan went to Edo leaving their families in their domains owing to sankin-kotai, warriors accounted for about half the population in Edo.
- 丁銀の通貨単位としては質量の測定値である貫および匁がそのまま用いられ、こちらは銀1000匁が銀1貫となる。
- Kan and monme, which were originally the weight units, also served as the currency units of the silver coin used as the currency by weight, and 1000 monme of silver was equalized with 1 kan of silver.
- ただし、この「十目」「百目」は単位というわけではないので、例えば232匁を二百目三十二匁などとは書かない。
- However, the me used as '10 me,' '100 me' and others is not a weight unit, so, for example, 232 monme cannot be written as 200 me plus 32 monme.
- なお、「劇場の三科」は、『三科』によるもの(1925年)と、『単位三科』によるもの(1927年)とがある。
- Moreover, 'Gekijo (theater) no Sanka' is by 'Sanka' (1925) as well as by 'Tan-i Sanka' (1927).
- その惣領制、分割相続制が、嫡男による単独相続に変化するのは主に鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)である。
- That soryo system and divided succession system transformed into a single inheritance by a legitimate son mainly from the end of the Kamakura period to period of Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).
- 一戦場において単独で作戦を遂行する事が可能という意味において後述の特徴も併せて戦略単位といえる部隊である。
- This squad was a tactical battle unit in terms of its ability to execute plans independently on a battleground, as well as in terms of other characteristics mentioned later.
- 宋 (王朝)代に10斗が1石、5斗が1斛と定められ、以降、中国において石と斛は別の単位となった(zh斛)。
- In the age of the Sung Dynasty, 10 to was set to be 1 koku (石), and 5 to was set to be 1 koku (斛), and ever since the koku (石) and koku (斛) are different unit in China.
- 米1石は大人1人の1年間の消費量に相当することから、米1石が穫れる面積を単位とするのは自然なことであった。
- 1 koku of rice corresponded to the yearly consumption of rice per adult; therefore it was natural to make an area, brought 1 koku of rice, into a unit.
- これは単に「朝廷の衰微・幕府の驕慢」という皇国史観的な発想で解釈すると事実の見誤りの生じさせる言葉である。
- This expression is misleading if interpreted as 'the decline of the Imperial Court and the arrogance of the bakufu' according to kokoku shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- 安価な食材で簡単に作れるので、庶民的な家庭料理として親しまれ、大衆食堂などでも定番のメニューとなっている。
- As it can be made of inexpensive ingredients, it is popular as a common home cooking and is also on the menu of inexpensive restaurants as a standard dish.
- 仏教語の舎利(飯)、すなわちサンスクリットの米を意味する単語シャーリ(zaali शालि)を語源とする。
- This term originated from shari of a Buddhist word, meaning, a word, zaali (शालि), meaning rice in Sanskrit.
- 雑誌の売上は低下したが、単行本にはアニメ化などのメディアミックスされた作品を中心にヒット作が生まれている。
- Although magazine sales have dropped, some hits were produced among comic book franchises which were made into anime and so on.
- 2人が正座し簡単な小道具、衣装を身に付け謎かけ問答や知恵比べ問答歌舞伎、芝居の物真似をし人気を取っていた。
- Sitting straight in costumes, two people played riddles and compared wits with each other, or parodied theatrical plays such as kabuki, and this style of arts became popular.
- 瀬戸焼では、15世紀前半から中葉ころ(古瀬戸様式後期様式)の窯で擂り目6本1単位のすり鉢が生産され始める。
- In the Seto-yaki (Seto ware), Suribachi with six ridged patterns in a single unit began to be produced in a kiln from the early to the middle of the fifteenth century (the kiln in the latter style of old Seto style).
- ただし現在の武道史の研究では、京八流・関東七流の実在を確認できないため、単なる伝説と扱うのが一般的である。
- However, current researchers of Kenjutsu history generally regard the above-mentioned as a legend since the existence of Kyo-Hachiryu and Kanto-Shichiryu has not been confirmed.
- 徳川御三家は、単に御三家(ごさんけ)ともいい、徳川氏のうち徳川将軍家(将軍家)に次ぐ地位の次の3家のこと。
- Tokugawa Gosanke, also simply called Gosanke, refers to the following three families of the Tokugawa clan that were second in rank to the Tokugawa Shogunate Family.
- 九州は大友氏や龍造寺氏が信長に属する意志を伝えており、島津氏は単独で信長に対抗せざるを得ない情勢であった。
- In Kyushu, the Otomo clan and the Ryuzoji clan had informed of their intention to obey Nobunaga and, therefore, the Shimazu clan alone was obliged to compete with Nobunaga.
- このため事態は一刻を争うと見た局長の近藤勇は単独行動に踏み切り、近藤隊と土方隊の二手に分け捜索を開始する。
- That is why the boss, Isami KONDO, knowing that every moment counted, acted alone by splitting their members into two squads under KONDO and HIJIKATA and began the search.
- 日本でも、単に瓦という場合には本瓦のものや桟瓦のもの等の一定の形をした粘土瓦のことであるという認識が多い。
- General understanding in Japan is that a word 'Kawara' refers to a clay roof tile in a certain shape, such as Hongawara (formal tile) and pantile.
- 町場では地業も行う基礎工事、簡単な間知石積など、またこれ等の事から「鳶、土工(土方)」と一括りで呼ばれる。
- Tobishoku is collectively called 'steeplejack and navvy' since it is engaged in foundation work including jigyo (the part under the foundation) and basic kenchiishidumi (kenchiishi stone masonry work) in machiba (the housing market in which local workmen engaged in constructing traditional wooden buildings).
- 単に「鯨肉」と表示されてしまう場合もあるため、特にイルカ肉と認識されないで消費されることもあると思われる。
- It is considered that some dolphin meat is consumed without being aware of eating dolphin meat, because such meat is often simply displayed as 'whale meat.'
- 明治に入り、銭 (曖昧さ回避)は円 (通貨) の1/100の日本の補助貨幣の単位として使用することとなった。
- In the Meiji period, sen was ranked the secondary currency unit of a hundredth value of 1 yen in Japan.
- また「分」を「ぶ」と発音せず「ふん」と呼んだのは金貨の通貨単位である一分金(ぶ)との混同を避けるためである。
- And here, it is called 'fun' rather than 'bu' to avoid mixing up with bu which was used as the currency unit of a gold coin, ichibu-kin (a former Japanese gold coin of 1 bu).
- 単位宗教団体とは、神社・寺院・教会・布教所など、宗教法人法第2条第1号の範疇に含まれる宗教団体のことである。
- Tani Shukyo Dantai refer to religious organizations that are contained in the category of article 2, number 1 of the religious corporation act, such as shrines, temples, churches, and places for missionary work.
- しかし西国ではまだ荘園領主の権限が機能しており、名田単位による賦課が行われたため、名主の地位は残存し続けた。
- However, manorial lords maintained their control in western regions and continued to impose taxes based on the myoden system, thereby allowing myoshu to maintain their status.
- その結果、戦国大名は軍事行動を行うための軍制整備の一環として、単独での戦闘が可能な備の編成を行う様になった。
- As a result, the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku Period) began to organize sonae with independent battling capability, as part of a military system improvement in preparation for military actions.
- 江戸期の鋳造量は、小判金と一分判金を合わせた総量を「両」の単位をもって記録されており、本位貨幣的性格が強い。
- The total casting amount including koban and ichibu bankin was recorded in 'ryo' and they had a character of standard coin.
- 農民が怠けたというのは単なる言い訳であり、大寺院や豪族が私有地を拡大するための利益誘導であるとも考えられる。
- It is also possible to think that it was a mere excuse that farmers were idle and it was influence peddling for large temples and local ruling families to enlarge their private properties.
- 古代日本では約109mは1町 (単位)(=60歩)に当たり、約109m四方の面積も同様に1町と呼ばれていた。
- In ancient Japan, about 109 meters were equivalent to one cho (unit) (=60 bu), and the area of about a 109-meter square was also called one cho.
- 異色の指定品としては平等院鳳凰堂本尊阿弥陀如来の頭上の天蓋があり、単独で「彫刻」の部の国宝に指定されている。
- An example of a more unconventional sculpture that was made a national treasure is the sculpture of the reed hood adorning the head of Amitabha Tathagata (Amida Nyorai in Japanese), the principal image in Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Temple, which separate from the sculpture of Amitabha was made a national treasure by itself.
- 令制国が行政体・地理区分の基本単位として用いられていた時代には、正式にも慣用的にも「国」とだけ呼ばれていた。
- In the age when the term ' Ryosei province ' was used as the basic unit for administrative and geographical division, it used to be called only as 'province' officially and customarily.
- 元々は十二単の形を整える役目を持つ着物であったため、他の単衣や袿に比べ一回り小さめに仕立てられる特徴がある。
- Originally uchiginu was to adjust the shape of juni-hitoe, so its size was a little smaller than hitoe (a single layer of kimono) and uchigi (ordinary kimono).
- そして、その試験栽培にこぎつけ、その後亀の尾単独で日本酒醪一本分の酒を仕込めるようになるまでに四年かかった。
- Sato managed to make a test growing of the seed rice, and then spent four years until he could brew a bottle of moromi (unrefined sake) using Kameno-o rice only.
- 厚額は本来大臣以上にのみ許されていたものであるが、平安時代末期以降は単に年長者用の冠へと位置づけが変化した。
- Originally, only people at daijin (minister) or higher positions were allowed to use atsubitai, but after the end of the Heian period, the role of atsubitai had changed and they became caps simply for elder people.
- このように田畑の少ない場所が国単位として成立していたことは、皇室・朝廷にとって特殊な場所であったと推定される
- As just described, it was assumed to be special places for the Imperial family and the Imperial court since it was approved as one province even though it had little farm land.
- このため、藤原氏出身者はより簡単な勧学院の学問料を志望し、給料学生出身者と同じ社会的待遇を受けるようになった。
- Under such circumstances, students of the FUJIWARA clan opted to apply for Kangaku-in's Gakumonryo, which was easier to receive, and enjoyed the same social treatment with Daigakuryo's Kyuryo-gakusei.
- まず、公田を支配していた国衙が、当時台頭しつつあった田堵と連携して、土地を収取単位とする支配体制を築き始めた。
- First, the kokuga (provincial government office) that governed public fields, together with the 'tato' who were rapidly gaining power, established a control system of imposing and collecting taxes based on land units.
- 因みに図1の徳川家康本陣備は中央に描かれていた単独の備である酒井左衛門尉備を除外し、家康直属部隊のみを示した。
- Incidentally, in Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's army headquarters sonae in Figure 1, the independent sonae of Saemon no jo SAKAI drawn at the center is omitted, and only the unit under the direct command of Ieyasu is shown.
- この1町四方からなる基本単位を「坪(つぼ)」又は「坊(ぼう)」と呼称した (現在でも使用される坪とは異なる)。
- This basic unit of one-cho square is called 'tsubo' or 'bo' (it is different from tsubo that is currently used).
- しかし、台湾民衆党も蒋渭水により左傾化すると右派は台湾の地方自治実現を単一目標に挙げる地方自治連盟を結成した。
- However, when the Taiwan People's Party also became radical initiated by Weishui JIANG, the right wing formed the Taiwanese Federation for Local Autonomy with the establishment of local autonomy in Taiwan as a single goal.
- また、黄砂は乾いていても簡単には落ちないうえ、泥のように固まりやすく、自動車の塗装やウィンドーを汚してしまう。
- It is difficult to remove kosa, even if it is dry, and in addition, kosa is likely to be solidified like mud, making the coating and windows of vehicles dirty.
- 胴体は真円で、スチール線にナイロンを巻いたナイロンスチール弦の単弦を3コース張り、フレットは半音もカバーする。
- The sound chamber has a shape of a perfect circle and it has three courses of a single nylon steel string that is a steel wire wrapped with nylon yarn, and the frets tuned in semitone.
- 袿(うちき、うちぎ)は十二単、五衣、等、女性の平安装束を構成する着物の一つであるが、単独で着用する場合もある。
- Uchiki (also known as 'uchigi') is a kind of kimono that is worn by women as part of Heian-period costumes, such as the twelve-layered ceremonial kimono and five-layer robe, although it may also be worn by itself.
- 現在では十二単で着用する後ろに長く引きずる「長袴」と袿袴装束で着用する足首までの長さの「切袴」の2種類がある。
- At present, there are two types of hakama: 'Naga-hakama' (long hakama) which is put on with juni-hitoe and 'kiri-bakama' (short fringe hakama) which is put on with keiko-shozoku (a type of female formal costume) and falls to the ankles.
- 本来の法被は胸紐つきの単(ひとえ)であるのに対し、半纏は袷(あわせ)であるが、江戸時代末期に区別がなくなった。
- Original a happi coat was hitoe (a single layer of kimono) compared to a hanten (a short coat originally for craftsmen worn over a kimono), which was awase (lined garment), but the two lost a difference in the end of Edo Period.
- 第二次大戦前までの基準でいうと、日本酒単位を使う規模の酒蔵で必要な杜氏集団の人員は10名を目安とされたという。
- According to the standards adopted before World War II, a brewery which used 1,000 koku of rice for sake brewing was said to require around 10 people for their toji group.
- 雑誌を読まなくなりメディアミックスで作品を知るケースが増えたため、単行本の売上は維持されているといわれている。
- It is said that people lost interest in reading magazines but they often learn a work through media franchise, thus the sales of comic books are maintained.
- イタリア南部の簡単な調理法しかなかったパスタを、北部のボローニャの裕福層が贅沢に作らせたのが起源とも言われる。
- Pasta was a simple dish in southern Italy, but the wealthy people in northern Bologna made it gorgeous, which is probably the origin of this type of cooking.
- 特に関孝和や建部のころは、図形の問題はピタゴラスの定理など、簡単な関係を用いて代数の問題に直して処理していた。
- Especially during the period when Takakazu SEKI and Katahiro TAKEBE were active, problems concerning diagrams were represented and solved as algebra problems by applying simple relations such as Pythagorean theorem.
- が、当時の冠は漆を薄く塗った柔らかなもので雨などにあうと簡単に型崩れしていたことが枕草子などの記述から分かる。
- However, according to some materials such as Makura no Soshi (The Pillow Book), Court caps in those days were thinly lacquered soft caps, and they easily lost their shapes due to rain and so on.
- 三好長慶の死後は三好政権は迷走し、松永久秀・興福寺・浅井長政らの協力を取り付けた織田信長に簡単に京を明け渡す。
- After Nagayoshi MIYOSHI's death, the government by the Miyoshi clan strayed and easily abandoned Kyo to Nobunaga ODA who succeeded with the support of Hisahide MATSUNAGA, Kofuku-ji Temple, Nagamasa AZAI, and so on.
- 「雲隠れ」についても、現在では単に姿をくらますという意味合いで用いられるが、もともとはこれに由来する語である。
- The word 'Kumogakure' (hide behind the clouds) is now used to mean disappearance, but it is originally derived from this idea.
- 慶長小判の時代は、一分判より低額のものは寛永通寳一文 (通貨単位)銭しかなく、一分は公定相場で一貫文に相当する。
- In the period of Keicho koban (a type of gold coin used in the Keicho era), the ichi mon (a currency unit of the Edo period) coin was the only type of Kanei tsuho (old copper coin) that was worth less than the ichibuban (ichibu was equivalent to 1 kan mon (1,000 mon) according to the official quotation).
- そのため、室町時代以降の新興の中・下級武士たちの間では、再び名田を単位とした名字の名乗りが一般的になっていった。
- This made the surname forming based on myoden popular again among samurai warriors in the newly-rising middle and lower classes from the Muromachi period onwards.
- 不備の補充や新事態に対応するため、折に触れて追加法が制定され、これを「式目追加」または単に「追加」などと称した。
- To make up flaw and respond to new situations, additional laws were established occasionally, which were called 'addition of shikimoku' or just 'addition.'
- 南鐐二朱銀の貨幣面の表記は「以南鐐八片換小判一兩」であったが、安政二朱銀では「二朱銀」と単刀直入なものになった。
- A sentence was written on the surface of Nanryo Nishu gin silver which said 'Eight coins of Nanryo can be exchanged with a koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) of 1 ryo,' but merely a simple word 'Nishu gin' was written on that of Ansei Nishu gin silver.
- これは単なる外国崇拝だけではなく、当時の極端に低い日本の国際的地位を上げるための苦渋の決断という側面も強かった。
- It was not only worship of foreign countries but also an agonizing decision to raise Japan's international status, which was extremely low at that time.
- 相続の一形態であるが、前戸主から新戸主へ全ての財産権利が譲り渡される単独相続である点が現在の民法と大きく異なる。
- This is a form of succession, however there is a big difference between the Old Civil Codes and the Civil Codes today because Old Civil Codes says that property right will be given to a person and a new head of a family will be given all the property rights from the former head of a family.
- この小判および分金の通貨単位は武田信玄による領国貨幣である甲州金の四進法(両、分、朱)を取り入れたものであった。
- The currency units of koban and bukin were based on the adopted quaternary (ryo, bu, shu) of Koshu gold which was territorial currency employed by Shingen TAKEDA.
- さらに、律令制に於ける人民統治の実態は単なる人民圧迫に基づいた搾取構造でしかなかった、という考えも存在している。
- There is an opinion that the government of the people under the Ritsuryo system was simply nothing but a structure of exploitation based on oppression on the people.
- この政権は単に箱館政権とも称されるが、主権的な独立や地方割拠を目論んだわけではないので、この呼称は適切ではない。
- This political power is also just called Hakodate Government, but this naming is not appropriate because it did never aim at a sovereign independence nor defending local authority.
- 単に「大逆事件」と呼ばれる場合は、その後の歴史にもっとも影響を与えた1910年の幸徳事件を指すのが一般的である。
- Generally, 'Taigyaku Jiken' refers to the Kotoku Incident in 1910, which was the most influential among such cases on later history.
- さらに、鉱物性煙はもちろんだが、松煙や油煙の植物性煙の製煙も機械化され、墨色が単調になり、光沢の品位も下がった。
- In addition, not to mention the smoke from mineral materials, the making of ink sticks using smoke from burnt pine and plant-derived smoke was mechanized, and as a result the ink black became monotonous and the luster deteriorated.
- 質素清貧をモットーとする売茶翁考案のため、竹を2つか3つ、適当な大きさに割っただけの簡単な物であったといわれる。
- Charyo is designed by Baisao whose motto was simplicity and honorable poverty therefore it is believed that charyo was a simple utensil of bamboo that was divided two or three times in appropriate size.
- 一般に、腰丈または膝丈の羽織の形式で、襟の折返しも胸紐もなく、筒袖または広袖の単純な形をしているのが特徴である。
- Generally it is in style of haori (a Japanese half-coat) with waist or knee length and it has feature of simple Tsutsusode (kimono with tubular style of sleeve) or hirosode (a wide sleeve) shape, without a lapel or breast cord.
- 3杯目は2杯目の様にしたものにお茶(煎茶)もしくは出汁(店単位で異なる)をかけ、さっぱりと茶漬けのように食べる。
- The third dish is served like the second dish, but with tea (sencha, Japanese green tea) or broth (depends on the restaurant) poured over it, and it is eaten simply like chazuke (rice soaked with green tea).
- 魔や禍が簡単に往来できない、若しくは人が神隠しに遭わないよう結界として、注連縄(しめなわ)や祠が設けられている。
- In order to prevent evil and misfortunes from easily traveling back and forth, and in order for people not to be spirited away, shimenawa (sacred rope) or hokora (small shrine) is set up to mark the sacred boundaries.
- 満年齢を使うようになってからはそのような意味合いはなくなり、単に年が変わったこと(新年)を祝う行事となっている。
- Shogatsu lost such a meaning when people started to use the age based on the length of time from their birth, and shogatsu became an event to celebrate only the change of the calendar year (to welcome the new year).
- とはいえ、現代の銃に比して先込め銃は単体では連射に向かないものであることは上記のプロセスなどからも容易に窺える。
- However, a muzzle-loader is not appropriate for serial shooting compared to present-day guns, which is easy to understand as mentioned above.
- 伏見区においては中心部の旧伏見市の区域は単独町名、その他は原則として旧大字名などの地区名を冠した複合町名である。
- The former Fushimi City district in the center of Fushimi Ward uses independent town names while the rest of the city uses, in principle, complex names including those prefixed by former names of Oaza (large section of village) and so on.
- 都市部の庶民のまつりごと(自治、祭礼)は伝統的にこの単位で行われ、その慣行が今でも残っているところも少なくない。
- Matsurigoto (self-government, and rites and festivals) for people living in the cities was traditionally administered by this unit, and many places still continue to have such customary practice.
- 尾の短いものは尾骨が複雑に折れ曲がっていることが多いが、毛に覆われているために、外見上は単純な切り株状に見える。
- In many cases a short-tailed cat has a complicatedly-curved tailbone, but as it is covered with fur it looks like a mere stump on the face of it.
- この新制は単なる過差禁止令のように行事や祭祀の際の一時的な規定とは異なり、期限の定めのない法規として機能していた。
- This shinsei served as a law of indefinite duration, unlike a provisional ban on luxury issued at the time of events and rituals.
- また金融制度でも旧幕府時代の貨幣制度を改めて、通貨単位として「円 (通貨)」を導入(1871年。新貨条例を参照)。
- The financial system was also revised, changing the currency system of the Shogunate period and adopting the 'yen'as the currency unit in 1871 (refer to the article of the 'New Currency Regulation').
- 兄戦死の報を受けた勝正もまた単身本陣へ突入し、不意をついて本庄繁長に斬りかかったが逆に繁長と側近達に討ち取られた。
- When Katsumasa was informed of his brother's death, he also charged the opponent's headquarters alone and made a surprise attack on Shigenaga HONJO with his sword; but he was killed by Shigenaga and his close retainers.
- 辻斬りをする理由としては刀の切れ味を実証するためや、単なる憂さ晴らし、金品目的、自分の武芸の腕を試す為などがある。
- Samurai committed tsujigiri to, for example, demonstrate the sharpness of their sword, vent their stress, get money or valuable objects, or to practice their skill with the martial arts.
- もともと中国銭は少額貨幣だったために多ければ10万貫(一億枚)単位で輸入され、多くは貫銭として束ねたまま流通した。
- Because each Chinese coin was of small-value, these coins were valued in a unit of 100 thousand kans (a unit of bundling coins; 1000 coins/kan) (or 100 million coins) in some instances, and most of them were circulated as kansen coins or in their original, bundled, state.
- 1940年には米内内閣が畑俊六陸相の単独辞職により崩壊するなど、日本の軍国主義の深刻化に拍車をかけることになった。
- The single resignation of War Minister Shunroku HATA in 1940 caused the Yonai Cabinet to fail and spurred Japanese militarism to further intensify.
- 1町は1ヘクタールに非常に近い値であることから、日本においては面積の単位のメートル法への移行はスムーズに行われた。
- As 1 cho is very close to 1 hectare, Japan's transfer to the metric system in terms of areas went smoothly.
- ただ、古制を復古したはずだとする説によってこれを採用する研究者もいる(小泉袈裟勝『図解単位の歴史辞典』、柏書房)。
- However, some scholars adopt the theory of Junhai, saying that the masu in the Kanji era should have restored the ancient system ('the illustrated dictionary of units' history,' written by Kesakatsu KOIZUMI, published by Kashiwashobo Co., Ltd.).
- 壬午軍乱(じんごぐんらん)、朝鮮国事変(ちょうせんこくじへん)、あるいは単に朝鮮事変(ちょうせんじへん)とも呼ぶ。
- It is also called the Imo Munity or the Joseon Korean Incident, or more simply just the Korean Incident.
- これは編年体を基本としつつ、重要人物の死亡記事があるごとに簡単な列伝を挿入するものであるが、編年体の一種とされる。
- Kokushitai is regarded as a kind of Hennentai style, since it is basically written in the Hennentai method and contains a series of biographies along with a necrology of each major figure.
- 安土桃山時代には四進法の通貨単位の便宜を図るためか、京目金一両は四匁四分と変化し、田舎目金一両は四匁前後となった。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, to set the currency unit based on the quaternary notation system, kyome kin 1 ryo was changed to 4 monme 4 bu and inakame kin 1 ryo was changed to about 4 monme.
- 甲州金は田舎目一両すなわち4匁(約14.9グラム)を基準としてつくられ、この通貨単位が小判の額面1両の基となった。
- Koshu-kin was produced based on 1 ryo of Inakame, that is, 4 monme (about 14.9 grams), and the currency units became the basis for koban's face value, 1 ryo.
- この場合、サザエ以外にもエビ・銀杏・椎茸などをまじえたり、単に醤油を垂らすのではなく出汁を張ったりする場合がある。
- In this example, shrimp, a ginkgo nut, a shiitake mushroom, and the like, other than the body of turbo are packed in the shell, and the soup is poured in a more sophisticated manner into the shell instead of some drops of soy sauce.
- これら微糖・低糖タイプの缶コーヒーは砂糖単独では甘味や成分の安定性が不足するため人工甘味料と併用されることが多い。
- In the case of these trace-sugar/low-sugar type canned coffee, artificial sweeteners are used many times in combination with sugar because its sweetness and constituents may lack stability when used alone.
- 風流事を称して「花鳥風月」というが、平安時代以後の日本において、単に「花」といえばサクラのことを指すようになった。
- While refined and tasteful things have been called 'Kachofugetu' (flowers, birds, wind and moon), since the Heian period 'flower' has naturally referred to cherry blossoms in Japan.
- 院政期には荘園の一円領域的な集積と国衙領(公領)の徴税単位化が進み、荘園公領制と呼ばれる体制へ移行することとなる。
- During the period of the Cloister Government, many shoen (manors in medieval Japan) were collected together and Kokugaryo formed into a tax unit, which led to the new system dubbed shoen koryo sei (the System of Public Lands and Private Estates).
- しかし、平氏政権に反旗を翻した勢力は源氏一族のみで構成されていたわけではなく、単純に源氏と平氏の争いとは言えない。
- But the forces that were against the Taira clan government were not composed only of members of the Minamoto clan, and therefore it cannot be simply considered as a war between the Taira and Minamoto clans.
- 簡単なものでは、日本手ぬぐいなどでそのまま代用出来たらしく、戦場以外でも、喧嘩や抗争に多用された記録が残っている。
- As a simple sling, a Japanese towel was substituted and often used in affrays or resistances besides in the battlefields, as shown in the historical record.
- 傾斜がきつい土地で、耕作単位が狭い田が規則的に集積し、それらが一望の下にある場合は千枚田(せんまいだ)とも呼ばれる。
- A group of small rice fields regularly assembled on a steep slope, all of which can be seen at a glance, are also called Senmai-da, or thousand rice fields.
- 北宋代以降の中国では、開元通宝という唐代の銭貨の質量が、質量の単位基準として用いられ、それを「銭」(せん)と呼んだ。
- In China, a copper coin called Kai Yuan Tong Bao was minted for the first time in the age of the Tang dynasty, and from the age of Northern Sung dynasty, the coin's weight began to be used as a weight unit called 'sen' (in piyin, 'qian').
- 律令時代からの七道は、概ね地形的要件に基づいて区分されているが、西海道以外では道単位での行政機関は常置されなかった。
- The seven do since the Ritsuryo period were generally distributed based on their geographical conditions, but no administrative agency as a do unit was set other than in Saikaido.
- そこに荒木村重自身が指揮をとり5百兵を北ノ砦より出撃させ3町 (単位)離れた加茂砦の西方より火を放って切りかかった。
- Murashige ARAKI assumed command of 500 solders and made a sortie from Fort Kitanotoride and set fire from the left side of Fort Kamo approximately three cho (3,272 meters) away and attacked with swords and so on.
- 初期のものは、単なる業績のみの記述に留まったが、時代が下るにつれて様々なエピソードが盛り込まれるようになっていった。
- In early times those descriptions were only about their achievements, but later various episodes were also added.
- 1年12ヶ月の往信返信各12通と8月13日の1通を加えた25通からなり、多くの単語と文例が学べるよう工夫されている。
- It consisted of 25 letters, 12 letters to send and another 12 to receive for the respective months of the year and an additional letter for August 13, designed to help students learn many words and model sentences.
- 複雑な地形での機動や備単位での迂回、行軍隊形から戦闘隊形への即座転換などをこなす事ができるが、正面衝力は大きく劣る。
- It also allowed mobility and enabled individual units to take a detour on complex land formations, as well as instantaneous transition from the marching formation to a battling array, but its impact of head-on collisions was quite inferior.
- 全国一律の戸籍を作るための準備として、政府は明治4年(1871年)に戸籍法()を制定し、編製の単位として区をおいた。
- In preparation for creating a unified national family register system, the government enacted the Family Registration Law in 1871 and set up ku (ward) as an administrative unit.
- この際、豊臣家の蔵入地(直轄地)を処分、豊臣家の所領は摂津国・河内国・和泉国の約65万石 (単位)程度まで削がれた。
- On that occasion he punished the Toyotomi family by reducing their directly-controlled land; Toyotomi family's territory was limited to Settsu Province/ Kawachi Province/Izumi Province only with about 650,000-Koku (unit) level.
- 江戸時代に穴あき銭を貫いて一つなぎしたものの「貫」から転じたという説、重さの単位「貫」から転じたという説などがある。
- There are also other theories such as deriving from 'kan' (貫 in Chinese characters meaning penetration) referring to a thing connected by penetrating through a perforated coin in the Edo period, deriving from 'kan' referring to a unit of weight (also described as 貫 in Chinese characters), and so on.
- むしろ実物を目にする機会が少なくなっているため、走馬灯という単語はこの現象そのものを指すものと誤用される場合が多い。
- It becomes rare for the public to see the real somato, so the word somato is often misunderstood to indicate the phenomenon itself.
- 福知山市を通る路線の多くが単線で、福知山線については複線化を望む声もあるが利用者が少ないため現実的には不可能である。
- Many train lines in Fukuchiyama City are single-track, and although some people have requested that the Fukuchiyama Line be converted to double tracks, it is practically impossible due to the small number of users.
- 頂上の平坦な山が周辺にいくつか集中しており、それらをひとまとめにして単に大台ヶ原(おおだいがはら)と言うこともある。
- Mountains with flat tops are concentrated in the vicinity of Mt. Odaigahara, and those mountains and Mt. Odaigahara are collectively called Odaigahara at times.
- 「散套」(さんとう:散曲套数の略、単に套数とも言われる)と「小令」(しょうれい:詞の小令とは異なる)の2種類がある。
- There are two kinds; one is 'Santo' (the abbreviation of Sankyoku-tosu, also simply called Tosu [taoshu in Chinese]) and the other is 'Shorei' ([xiaoling in Chinese] different from Shorei of Ci, another type of literature)
- 近世の長御衣・単は襟の形が男物の先がとがった形状であり、わきはかなり下まであいていて、裾から1尺余り縫うだけである。
- The Naga no onzo and the Hitoe in the modern times have pointy shaped sleeves similar to those for men, both sides were open at the bottom, they were stitched only thirty centimeters from the bottom of the clothes.
- ただし、山間地にあるため河川は上流であり、日照りが続くと水量が簡単に減ってしまって水田が干上がってしまう問題があった。
- But Tanada were in the mountains, and were often located upstream of a river; as a result, in the case of a long spell of dry weather, the amount of water quickly decreased and the rice paddies dried up.
- 単に間伐や植え替えを推進するということではなく、2割削減という具体的な数値目標を打ち出したことは画期的なことといえる。
- The project does not simply consist of promoting felling and transplantation, and the agreement of a concrete target value of reducing pollen levels by 20% was groundbreaking.
- この時豊橋の歩兵第38連隊が新設の第29師団 (日本軍)に編入されることになり、第16師団は三単位制師団に改編された。
- At this time, the Thirty-eighth Infantry Regiment of Toyohashi was incorporated into the new Twenty-Ninth Division (Imperial Japanese Army), and the Sixteenth Division was reorganized into santani-sei Shidan (Shidan comprised of three infantries).
- しかし、巨木を二つに割るというが、竹を二つに割るように簡単にはいかないので用語として適切かどうかを指摘する向きもある。
- However, the term 'Sakitake-shiki' might be inappropriate because a big tree cannot be easily spilt like bamboo.
- このとき、課税単位へ編成された土地を名田(みょうでん)といい、名田経営を請け負った者が「負名」と呼ばれるようになった。
- The land that was reorganized into a unit of taxation on that occasion was called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and the contractor for the management of the myoden was called 'fumyo.'
- 平安時代中期ごろに律令制が崩壊し、荘園・国衙領を支配単位とする体制が確立していくと、勧農の内容も次第に変質していった。
- Around the middle of the Heian period, the ritsuryo governmental system collapsed, a system whereby shoen and kokuga region were governing units was established and the contents of kanno gradually changed.
- しかし単にサイズのみで分類するときは、大薙刀(大きなものは3mにも達する)と小薙刀(元来の種で1m前後)の2種類のみ。
- However, when they are simply classified based on size, there are only two types; onaginata (can be up to three meters long) and konaginata (around one meter long).
- 本項では、広義の尺貫法として、中国を発祥として東アジア一円で使われている、あるいは使われていた単位系について説明する。
- In this section, the unit system originated in China, which was used or is used throughout the East Asia region, is described as Shakkanho in the wide sense.
- そしてこれらにつき「6銖を1分、4分を1両、12両を1屯、16両を小1斤、3斤を大1斤」とする単位系が記述されている。
- And the article also says that there existed a weight units' system peculiar to those things, in which '6 shu were equivalent to 1 bu, 4 bu to 1 ryo, 12 ryo to 1 ton, 16 ryo to 1 small kin, and 3 kin to 1 large kin.
- 「大名物」に対しては、利休時代に著名であった道具を単に「名物」と称しており、その下に設定されたのが「中興名物」である。
- In contrast to the O-meibutsu above, tea utensils famous in the age of Rikyu were simply called 'Meibutsu' and the utensils set lower than the 'Meibutsu' belonged in the 'Chuko-meibutsu' category.
- 野菜嫌いに対して作るとよいとされているが、ピーマンと挽肉は簡単に剥がれてしまうため、ピーマンだけを残されることもある。
- It is said the stuffed bell peppers are good for those who hate vegetables, but they sometimes leave only the peppers uneaten, from which the meat mixture can be easily removed.
- ただ単に犬に矢を当てればいいと言う物ではなく、相撲の決め手のように打ち方や命中した場所によっていくつもの技が存在した。
- It was not merely about shooting at dogs but there were many techniques according to how to shoot or what part of the dog an arrow hit, such as winning moves in sumo.
- このため、丹波国は甲斐国や尾張国、土佐国のように一国単位で結束した歴史を持ちにくい性質があり、丹波の歴史を複雑化した。
- For this reason, Tanba was harder to unite as one province than other provinces like Kai, Owari and Tosa, and that made the history of Tanba complicated.
- 新たに発足した室町幕府は、戦乱を抑えることを目的として、在地武士を組織するため、国単位におかれる守護の権限を強化した。
- The newly inaugurated Muromachi bakufu strengthened the power and authority of shugo positioned in each province in order to prevent the maelstrom of war and organize the local samurais.
- 下京区においては区の東部の町名はすべて単独町名であり、西部は「中堂寺」「西七条」などの旧村名を冠した町名となっている。
- All town names in the east part of the Shimogyo Ward are independent names, and in the west part, town names are prefixed by former village names such as 'Chudoji' or 'Nish Shichijo.'
- 荘園・公領における租税(年貢・公事・夫役)収取単位(在家役)としても用いられ、その負担者である住民のみを指す場合もある。
- It was also used as a unit (Zaikeyaku) for collecting taxes (land tax, public duties, labor services) within shoen (landed estates) or koryo (public lands).
- ただし、国際的に匁 (momme) が真珠の質量の単位として使われており、それとともに貫 (kan) も使用されている。
- However, as the weight unit of a pearl, monme, along with kan, is still used as an international weight unit.
- 太田城はフロイスが「一つの市の如きもの」と表現したように、単なる軍事拠点ではなく町の周囲に水路を巡らした環濠集落である。
- As Frois expressed it 'like one town,' Ota-jo Castle was not only a military base but also a town surrounded by a moat.
- また他の一説には、(中国から見て)単に外来語であることを表す目印として先頭の文字を特別なものとしているというものがある。
- It is also said that special characters were used to express a name's foreign origin to a Chinese perspective.
- 名田(みょうでん)は、日本の平安時代中期から中世を通じて見られる、荘園公領制における支配・収取(徴税)の基礎単位である。
- The term 'myoden' (rice field lot manage by a nominal holder) refers to a basic unit of the governance and (tax) collection in the shoen-koryo system (the system of public lands and private estates), and this existed from the mid-Heian period, throughout the Middle Ages in Japan.
- 彼らもまた、小さい単位ながら、農民を支配する側の荘園下級役職者であると同時に、小規模ながら、その「村郷」の領主であった。
- They were also the estate owners of that 'village' at the same time they were lower ranking officers of Shoen that ruled over peasants despite being in a small scale unit.
- 『庭訓往来』に代表される書簡形式を採った単語集・知識集で、書簡の形式とともに必要な知識を身に付けさせる事を目指したもの。
- The fourth group represented by 'Teikin Orai' comprises books of words and knowledge in the style of letters, which aimed to spread necessary knowledge as well as the form of letters.
- 鎌倉時代・室町時代には、田地の面積は、その田で収穫することのできる平均の米の量を通貨に換算し「貫」を単位として表された。
- During the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the dimensions of rice fields were represented in units of 'kan,' which were converted from the average rice yield from the rice field.
- だが鉄砲隊をある程度集中した部隊として機能させていれば、1度の射撃で部隊単位の戦力を大きく消耗させる事は不可能ではない。
- It would not have been impossible for single firing to do considerable damage to an army if the teppo units had been deployed reasonably intensively.
- 外伝登場時は主人公は内弟子になる直前であったが、単行本第2巻収録「風天」で内弟子修行期間を終え、玄人の能楽師として独立。
- When Norito appeared in the side story for the first time, he was on the verge of becoming a private pupil, but in 'Futen,' published in an the second volume of an independent book, he had gone through the period of practicing to be a private pupil and had become independent as a kuroto (an expert) of Nohgakushi.
- いわゆる日本皇室の万世一系の思想とは、簡単に言えば皇位は実系の皇胤に当たる人に継承されなければならないと言うことである。
- The thought of so-called an unbroken line of the Japanese Imperial Family simply means that the Imperial Throne has to be succeeded to the person who is an Imperial descendant.
- 二条城の敷地を町域とする「二条城町」は昭和14年に成立したものだが、他の単独町名は遅くとも明治時代初期には成立している。
- The town 'Nijojo-machi' which makes the premise of Nijo-jo Castle as its boundary was established in 1939, but other individual town names were established in the early Meiji Period at the latest.
- 家庭でも簡単に作る事ができるが、違法行為(酒税法違反)であるため、転じて密造酒の別名としてこの言葉が用いられる事もある。
- Since it is illegal (violating the Liquor Tax Act) to make Doburoku at home, though easy-to-make, Doburoku is also used as another name of bootleg.
- これは百姓=農民=田舎者=ダサい奴という図式での、格好を重視する不良やヤクザの間でのあまり深い意味のない単なる悪口である。
- This is mere vilification without any serious meaning among juvenile delinquents and mafia who valued appearance, in the picture that hyakusho = peasants = country fellows = unfashionable people.
- 織田信長は比叡山焼き討ち (1571年)では非戦闘員も含む3,000名を殺害していることから、単なる脅しとは思えなかった。
- As Nobunaga ODA had killed 3,000 persons including noncombatants in the fire attack against Mt. Hiei (1571), it did not seem just a threat.
- 延喜式においては、年料別納租穀を負担しない畿内周辺及び沿岸諸国を中心とした18ヶ国で計24,500石 (単位)を負担した。
- 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) states that 18 provinces surrounding Kinai and the coastal provinces that did not pay Nenryobetsunosokoku paid a total of 24,500 koku.
- 今日の日本では曲尺(かねじゃく。単に「尺」と言えばこちらを指す)とその1.25倍の長さの鯨尺(くじらしゃく)が残っている。
- Two kinds of units with the shaku remain in Japan of today, one is kane-jaku (generally called 'shaku' simply) and the other is kujira-jaku whose unit length of the shaku is 1.25 times longer than that of the kane-jaku.
- 宋代の学者に従って儒学の歴史を振り返ると、隋唐以前は経書の音訓(音読)や訓詁(単語の意味)を重視した訓詁学が中心であった。
- Looking back at the history of Confucianism, as scholars during the Song Dynasty did, the mainstream before the Sui and Tang Dynasties was Kunkogaku ('xunguxue' in Chinese), which emphasized the readings of characters and exegetics (interpretation of words) of Confucian classic writings.
- また天皇妃が出産する際には、妃はもちろん、その世話をする女房も白づくめの十二単をまとう慣例になっていた(『紫式部日記』)。
- When a wife of an Emperor gave birth, it was conventional that she and her nyobo wear all-white juni-hitoe (according to the 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki' [The Diary of Lady Murasaki]).
- 各地区や都道府県単位の発表会から全国大会まで、大正琴の美しい音色(アンサンブル)を聴ける場を多くの人に幅広く提供している。
- It has been providing a large number of people a place to hear the beautiful sound of taishogoto (music ensemble) from local school performances to prefecture and nationwide assemblies.
- 紙に切り込みを入れなくても比較的簡単に複雑な形を表現でき、また色違いの紙を使うことでカラフルな作品に仕上げることもできる。
- Intricate models can be expressed relatively easily without cutting paper, and colorful designs can be achieved by using paper in different colors.
- 日本では「雙六」と書かれた盤双六(ばんすごろく)と後世に発生して単に「双六」と称した絵双六(えすごろく)の2種類があった。
- In Japan, there were two types of Sugoroku, one was a board Sugoroku written as '雙六' and another was '双六', simply called Sugoroku or picture Sugoroku, which appeared in later years.
- 「葛」という字は単体では「くず」であるが、「かづら」とも読むことができ、かづらはつる植物の総称としても使われる語句である。
- The Chinese character '葛' itself is read as 'kuzu' but it is sometimes read as 'kazura' and kazura is a word used as a general term for vines.
- 上記が大まかであるのに対して、もっと生活に密着した地域単位として、明治時代に導入された小学校区による地域名もよく使われる。
- Listed above are the general classifications of the area names, but at the same time the area names from the elementary-school districts established in the Meiji period are also widely used.
- 公認一円化した荘園からの一国平均役は荘官を通じて徴税されたが、それに対応して公領も新たに郡、郷、保単位の地域再編が行われた。
- Tax was collected from ikkoku heikin-yaku from the accredited and unified shoen through shokan (an officer governing shoen), and koryo underwent regional restructuring into new units of gun, go, and ho accordingly.
- 加賀藩は天狗党の行動は単に勤皇の志に動かされてのものであり、寛大な処分を願うとの嘆願書を幕府に提出し、彼等の助命を願い出た。
- The Kaga Domain submitted a petition to the bakufu and pleaded to give them generous punishment and save their lives since Tenguto acted the way they did by their pro-Imperial thoughts.
- 升の大きさは時代や地域によって大きく異なる(詳細は升を参照のこと)が、升と他の単位との関係はほとんど古代から変わっていない。
- The unit volume or capacity of the sho differs greatly according to the periods and the regions (refer to the article of sho for details), however correlation between the sho and other units has hardly changed from ancient times.
- 他、赤飯に胡麻塩をふりかけるのは単なる味付けのみならず、古い時代に小豆粥に他の穀物を入れたのと同様であったと考えられている。
- In addition, sprinkling sesame and salt on sekihan is considered not only as seasoning but also as a reflection of an old days' act of adding other grains to azuki-gayu.
- 織田信長の没後、秀吉は中央政権を掌握し、単に「秀吉」と記した書状を発給し始め「羽柴」と記した書状を発給することはなくなった。
- Hideyoshi, who seized power in the central government after the death of Nobunaga ODA, started to issue the letters simply signed by the name of 'Hideyoshi,' instead of the name of 'Hashiba.'
- これらでは「切られたら死んだフリ」といったような単純なルールこそあったが、特に勝ち負けを競うという側面は存在していなかった。
- There was a simple rule 'when you are killed by sword, you pretend to be dead', but there was no aspect to fight to determine winning or losing.
- 白話小説からの翻案が行われ、さらに18世紀の後半には単なる翻案に留まらない『雨月物語』などの代表作が書かれ初期読本が栄えた。
- Some Hakuwa shosetsu were adapted, and further in the late 18th century, early Yomihon became popular as the representative works such as 'Ugetsu monogatari' (Tale of Rain and Moon), which was not a mere adaptation, were written.
- これらは、製法上の制約から、形体は単純で、人物の顔貌表現は横長の穴を開けることによって両眼と口を表現したものがほとんどである。
- The limitation on the manufacturing process made the shape of these haniwa simple, and the face (eyes and a mouth) of the human-shaped haniwa was mostly depicted by making three horizontal slits.
- 銭貨の通貨単位としては1000文が1貫文となるが、江戸時代には省陌法と称して960文をもって1貫文とすることが一般的であった。
- Officially, 1 kanmon was equalized with 1000 mon, but commonly, 960 mon was regarded as 1 kanmon in the Edo period, and the latter way was called shohaku method.
- すなわち、古墳の発生は、墓制の単なる変化や葬送観念の変化にととどまらず、社会・政治の全般に関わる問題としてあらわれたのである。
- More specifically, the origins of kofun show that they were not just a change in institution of tombing or funereal conception but also an issue related to society and politics in general.
- 包括宗教団体とは、宗教法人法第2条第2号の範疇に含まれる宗教団体で、宗派・教派・教団など単位宗教法人を包括する宗教団体である。
- Hokatsu Shukyo Dantai refer to religious organizations, that are contained in the category of article 2, number 2 of the religious corporation act, that take in Tani Shukyo Hojin such as religious schools, sects, and religious communities.
- この時期、荘園や公領を支配・収取の単位とする体制、すなわち荘園公領制が確立したが、名主は荘園公領制の基盤を支える階層といえた。
- A system composed of manors and government territories as basic units of administration and taxation, known as the manorial public territory system (called shoen koryo sei in Japanese), was established during this period, with myoshu farmers forming the basis of the system.
- 販売する容量はおおかた2合、5合、1升(10合)(参照:日本酒単位)の三種類で、地方によってはごく稀に1合でも売られたという。
- The units of sake to be sold were mostly two goes (180 milliliters/go), five goes or one sho (10 goes/sho) (refer to units of Japanese sake), but it is said that sake of one go was sold in rare local places.
- 一方で、それらは単なる商行為であり、儲けていた朝鮮人も当然におり、また、所得も向上しており問題はなかったとする研究も存在する。
- On the other hand, there exists a study concluding they were only business practices, which means some Koreans also made a profit, and the income increased and no problem existed.
- 一応区別のために、前者を市升、後者を公升と称するが、同じ値であることから単に升と呼ばれることが多い(市制 (単位系)も参照)。
- To make a simple distinction, the Chinese sho is called sheng (private sho), and the international sho is called kosho (public sho), but usually, they are both simply called sho because they have the same quantity (refer to the article of Shizhi [Chinese System of Measurement]).
- そのため単なる精神論を越えて監視社会化してしまい、この結果、「悪法」として一般民衆からは幕府への不満が高まったものと見られる。
- In this way, the law went beyond the spiritualism, the society was put under surveillance, and as the result, it is thought that dissatisfaction with the bad law among people in general was heightened against government.
- ただすでに陽明学単体で学ばれるというよりも、「朱(子)王(陽明)一致」といわれ、朱子学を補完するものとして扱われたに過ぎない。
- The slogan 'Zhu (Xi) and Wang (Yangming) as one' shows that Yomeigaku was no longer the sole teaching but was merely treated as supplementing Shushigaku.
- 出汁に浸す過程より派生した調理名であるが、この工程は省かれることも多く、単に茹でた食材に醤油をかけたものもおひたしと呼ばれる。
- This cookery name is derived from the process to soak ingredients in soup stock, but this process is often skipped, and simply boiled foods with soy sauce on it is also called ohitashi.
- 現在では日本の漫画および日本風の漫画を指す“Manga”や、“Tankōbon”(単行本)といった語は世界各国に広まっている。
- Today, the words such as 'Manga' and 'Tankobon' which refer to Japanese comics and Japanese style comics are widespread all over the world.
- 『焼く』という意味の単語が由来とされる、フランス語で台所や料理法を意味する『キュイジーヌ』(cuisine)とは対照的である。
- This is quite a contrast to 'cuisine' originating as a French word meaning 'roasting' and now means kitchen or cooking method.
- 地理的には由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Due to its geographical location in the catchment area of Yura-gawa River, people in Chutan actively contact each other on a routine basis, but their cultures are different because of varied dialects.
- 単一の村落からなる荘園はあまり見られず、多くは2個~数個の村落から構成されており、そのほとんどは他の荘園の一部と混在していた。
- There did not exist many shoens which consisted of only one village but mostly of two to several villages and most of them existed compositely with the other shoens.
- 薬缶を薬煎じの目的以外で、単に湯を沸かす容器の名称に使い続けても、名称は“薬缶”のままである現象と同じことが起こったのである。
- The same phenomenon happened with 'yakan,'(kettle) or 薬缶 in Chinese characters; it literally means 'medicine can' and was originally used for decocting medicines; however it was used for boiling water as well and people continued to use the original name 'yakan' for it.
- その一方、武家や在地においては応仁の乱以後の戦国時代 (日本)に「家」が一般社会の構成単位として認識される傾向が強まっていった。
- On the other hand, for buke (military class) and resident landowners, the concept of 'Ie' became recognized as the basic unit of ordinary society during the Sengoku period after the Onin War.
- また発給者となる可能性が高かった左中弁・左少弁の署判の場合、単に「中弁・少弁」と書かれた(左大弁・右弁官にはこうした例は無い)。
- A signature placed by uchuben or sashoben, a person being most likely to issue an edict, was just 'chuben' or 'shoben' (there have been no previous cases in which sadaiben or ubenkan placed such a simple signature).
- 簡単に家人を殺すのは武士ならではであっても、しかしその家人・眷属に対する生殺与奪の絶対的権力は当時では武士に限った話しではない。
- While bushi could easily kill his servant, the power to decide life and death of servants and kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha) was not limited to bushi at that time.
- それらはある程度は一族の族的結合でもありながら、しかし一定の地域、経済単位に基づく協同組合、あるいは同盟に似た性格のものが多い。
- While that bonded the clan to a certain extent, they had characteristics similar to an alliance or a union based upon a fixed area and economic unit.
- 現行法において単に外地という場合は「本邦以外の地域」を意味し、日本の旧統治区域に限定されない(引揚者給付金等支給法第2条など)。
- Under the current law, Gaichi simply means 'the regions other than Japan' and is not restricted to the former Japan's territories (e.g. Article 2 of Repatriates' Benefit Act).
- 例えば住宅の建設費で、坪当たりの単価を示す場合には「坪あたり○万円」を使わず「3.3平方メートルあたり○万円」の形で表記される。
- In showing the price of 1 tsubo when a house is constructed, for example, it is written as 'some thousand yen per 3.3 square meters' instead of 'some thousand yen per 1 tsubo.'
- 紐などの長さを測るときに、紐を両手で持ち、両手を一杯に広げるということを繰り返すことで、尋による長さを簡単に求めることができる。
- In measuring the length of something long such as rope, the length is easily represented by the hiro by a manner that a measurer repeats the following: Hold a rope in one's both hands and then outspread the arms.
- 回転寿司で単に「えんがわ」と表示して安価で販売されている場合、カラスガレイやアブラガレイといった代用魚のえんがわが使われている。
- If sushi is provided under the name of 'engawa' at a low price at a conveyor belt sushi bar, substitute fish such as Reinhardtius hippoglossoides or Atheresthes evermanni are used.
- この保護フィルムは食べる時に簡単に手で抜き取れるよう工夫が凝らしてあり、いつでも巻きたての、パリパリとした海苔の食感が楽しめる。
- This protection film is devised to be easily pulled out by hand when eating, and just-wrapped, crispy texture of dried laver is enjoyable all the time.
- これは河東節が単なる出演者でなく実質的に客であることの証明で、それも通常の客よりもよほど大事にされる上客であることを示している。
- This proves that the Katobushi chorus are not merely performers, but essentially spectators, who are the best treated better than ordinary spectators.
- その後、単位換算の便宜を図るため明治24年の度量衡法により、1貫=3.75キログラムと定められたので、1匁=3.75グラムとなる。
- After that, for convenience in conversion among units, the Weights and Measures Act set 1 kan at 3.75 kilograms, so 1 monme became equal to 3.75 grams.
- この後黒田孝高が単身有明城に来城したが、同盟関係にあった小寺政職の手前、捕えて牢獄に閉じ込めてしまったのではないかと思われている。
- Later, Yoshitaka KURODA visited the Arioka-jo Castle alone, and it has been understood that he captured and confined in jail Yoshitaka Kuroda with consideration to Masamoto ODERA, with whom he had the alliance.
- 軍団兵士制は、古代の戸籍制度に登録された正丁(成年男子)3人に1人を徴発し、1国単位で約1000人規模の軍団を編成する制度である。
- In the gundan-soldier system, one out of every three adults registered in the family registration system was conscripted to organize a gundan of around 1000 persons in a province.
- こうして公領は郡・郷・保などの単位に再編成され、武士たちは郡司・郷司・保司として郡・郷・保の経営と治安維持を受け持つこととなった。
- In this way, koryo was reorganized into gun, go and ho (community), and samurai came to be in charge of the management and security maintenance of gun, go, or ho as gunji (an official in charge of a gun), goji (an official in charge of a village), or hoji (an official in charge of a community).
- このため簡単には斬れない事情を知っていた町民の中には、粋を衒ったり、度胸試しのために故意に武士を挑発する言動をする者もいたという。
- So, some townsmen who knew this situation, deliberately challenged warriors in order to try to act strong or play chicken.
- 近い長さの単位に間(けん;1間=6尺)があるが、間が土地の測量や距離の計測に用いられたのに対し、丈は物の長さを計るのに用いられた。
- Ken' (1ken = 6 shaku) is a similar unit of length, but while ken was used for surveying the land or measuring the distance, jo was used for measuring the length of objects.
- 他の尺貫法の単位とともに、現在は商取引等に使用することが計量法で禁止されているが、釣り用語や古典祭事においては今でも使われている。
- Hiro and other units defined by old Japanese system of weights and measures have been still used as a technical term for fishing or in classical rites and festivals, while the Measurement Act prohibits people from using those units for commercial transactions and other purposes at present.
- 形状は、おくみがなく、前述のように単の生地の端袖のあるもので、(2)の武家の大帷に似た形をしており、そこから派生した可能性が高い。
- Its shape lacked okumi and had the end sleeves taken from the sleeves of hitoe as mentioned earlier, having a similar shape as the okatabira of the buke in (2), thus having possibly been derived from it.
- 昭和12年(1937年)7月24日から8日間、東京府美術館で第1回展を開催し、2950点の出品作品を天来が単独審査し話題を呼んだ。
- Its first exhibition was held for eight days from July 24, 1937 at the Tokyo Prefectural Museum, and aroused interest because Tenrai HIDAI personally screened each of 2950 calligraphic works presented for the exhibition.
- 後述するように「着物」という単語は本来衣服一般を意味するため、特に曖昧さを避けたい場面においては「和服」という語がよく用いられる。
- As the word Kimono '着物' generally covers the whole sense of clothing to be described later, Wafuku '和服' is preferred to differentiate Japanese clothing from other clothing.
- 平安時代までは和歌などで単に「花」といえば「梅」をさしていたが平安時代から「桜」の人気が高まり「花」といえば桜をさすようになった。
- Until the Heian period, 'flower' meant 'plum blossom' in waka poems, but since the Heian period it has meant 'cherry blossom' along with the increasing popularity of cherry blossoms.
- 五条家単独で12代横綱・陣幕久五郎に横綱免状を発給して以降、明治時代に吉田司家が西南戦争で西郷隆盛軍に加担してその責任を問われた。
- After the Gojo family independently issued a yokozuna license to Yokozuna Kyugoro JINMAKU, the twelfth, the Yoshida Tsukasa family was held responsible for being involved in Takamori SAIGO's army in the Seinan War during the Meiji period.
- そのため、2つ目の見解、すなわち荘園公領制における支配・収取(徴税)の基礎単位とする見方が広範な支持を得ており、支配的となっている。
- This makes the other opinion more dominant, and many researchers support this idea that a myoden was a basic unit of governance and tax collection in the shoen-koryo system.
- 畝・反・町の値は1アール・10アール・1ヘクタールの値に非常に近いので、面積の単位についてはメートル法への移行はスムーズに行われた。
- Because the figures of se, tan, and cho units are close enough to the figures of 1 are, 10 ares and 1 hectare, the transition of those area units to metric system went smoothly.
- なお、日本の現行法において単に「外地」という場合は「本邦以外の地域」を意味し、日本の旧統治区域に限定されない(外地の語の用法参照)。
- Under the current law of Japan, 'Gaichi' simply means 'the regions located outside of Japan' and is not restricted to the former Japan's territories (Refer to Definition of Gaichi).
- 現在でも、回覧板の回覧など、隣組単位で行なわれていた活動の一部は、町内会・区(政令指定都市の区ではない)・自治会に引き継がれている。
- Even today part of the activities which was conducted using the tonarigumi system has been succeeded to district associations, districts (not wards of government-ordinance-designated cities) and residents' associations.
- しかしながら殆どのキリスト教諸教派の一覧においては、日常用語として「祭」(まつり)という言葉は単独ではあまり用いられない傾向がある。
- However, the term 'matsuri' tends not to be used often by itself as an everyday language in the list of most Christian schools.
- 丸くまとめるので「玉」と言われている(この「玉」という言葉はうどんの量の目安となる単位にも「1玉、2玉」などという表現で使われる)。
- As the Udon noodles are shaped round, they are called 'tama,' literally meaning 'ball' (the term 'tama' is also used as a unit for measuring Udon noodles like 'hito-tama, futa-tama' [Udon noodles for one eater, Udon noodles for two eaters, in that order]).
- 単品で食したり、また色んな魚介類を混ぜ食したりと調理法は様々である(実際、調味料を醤油に変えれば、正味日本の刺身になるものもある)。
- There are many preparation methods ranging from the use of a single type of fish to the combination of various types of seafood (there are also varieties that could be considered exactly the same as Japanese sashimi if soy sauce were used as a seasoning).
- 秀吉、秀頼は以降単に豊臣朝臣秀吉、もしくは豊臣朝臣秀頼と名乗り、羽柴の名字は臣下の大名が使用する称号として豊臣政権に使用され続けた。
- After that, Hideyoshi and Hideyori simply called themselves TOYOTOMI no Ason Hideyoshi and TOYOTOMI no Ason Hideyori, and the family name, HASHIBA, continued to be used as the title for daimyo of their vassals during the Toyotomi regime.
- 打ち破って通ろうという強硬な意見に、弁慶は「この関を打ち破るのは簡単だが、のちの行程を考えて今は事をおこさないのが上策」と進言する。
- Against a strong opinion to break it through, Benkei advises, 'Though it is easy to break through this barrier, it is best not to make a scene now, thinking about the further travel.'
- 単に高所作業を行うだけでなく、設置場所の状態や作業性、足場解体時の効率など、その場に応じて的確に判断して組み立てることが求められる。
- Besides working simply in high places, ashibatobi is required to assemble scaffolds based on proper judgment of the condition or the workability in the area and the efficiency at the time of disassembling depending on the various situations.
- ここで公田請作の単位として再編成された公田を名田、請作登録者を負名(ふみょう)と呼び、負名として編成された富豪を田堵(たと)と呼んだ。
- A field administered directly by a ruler and reorganized as a unit of contract farming of the field was called myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), a person who was registered as a contract farmer was called fumyo, and a wealthy person who was organized as fumyo was called tato.
- 煎茶の茶托は茶碗の高台に合わせた円形のくぼみが付いていることが多いが、中国茶の茶托は単なる小さい皿か盆のような形状をしている物が多い。
- Chataku for Sencha often have a concavity matched to kodai (the base section of a teacup) of tea bowl, but majority of chataku for Chinese tea has a simple shape of small plate or tray.
- しかし、関西ではミンチはあくまでもひき肉を意味する単語であるため、ミンチカツの短縮形として「ミンチ」という呼称が用いられることはない。
- However, in the Kansai area, 'minchi' is a word used solely to mean ground meat, and the word 'minchi' is not used as an abbreviation for 'minchi katsu'.
- また遠距離を狙う場合、単に照星、照門(先目当、前目当)での照準にとどまらず、二つの照準器の間に在る小型の照準器との兼ね合いで照準した。
- When aiming at a distant target, not only a front sight and a rear sight (Saki meate, Mae meate) but also a small sight device laid between them were used.
- 左京区内の町名は区の南西端の二条川東地区にある29町と、永観堂町、永観堂西町、銀閣寺町、銀閣寺前町、黒谷町、若王子町が単独町名である。
- The following towns in the ward have independent town names: 29 towns in the Nijokawa-higashi area along the south-western border, Eikando-cho, Eikando-nishi-machi, Ginkakuji-cho, Ginkakujimae-cho, Kurodani-cho and Nyakuoji-cho.
- 下袴は室町末期に至っても親王元服などの記録に見られるが、江戸初期には一旦衰退し、江戸中期以降、単などを重ねる正式な着装に限り使用した。
- There was a record from the late Muromachi period stating that Shita bakama was worn at the coming-of-ceremony for Imperial Princes, but it became uncommon to wear them in the middle of the Edo period, they were only worn in formal style together with Hitoe.
- これによって、公家社会においては家領の単独相続への移行と「家」そのものの安堵を行う権限を有した治天の君による公家支配の拡大につながった。
- For the noble families of the court, this led to the single succession of an estate; moreover, it expanded the authority of the chiten no kimi, who had the power to stabilize a 'family' and thereby control the court nobles.
- 更に職そのものが、本来の身分的な性格から単なる得分権となり、在地領主的な職を本家や領家が直接保持する場合や、その逆の場合が見られてきた。
- Moreover, shiki itself became mere tokubunken (the right to share of profits of each shiki) from the one indicating the class difference, and the cases that honke (head family) and ryoke held the shiki containing the feature of local lords and vice versa came to be seen.
- 支配単位である荘園や公領(郷・保など)の範囲で、複数の惣村がさらに結合する惣荘(そうしょう)・惣郷(そうごう)が形成されることもあった。
- Within range of the manor or public land (Go, Ho, etc.) which was a governing unit, sosho (the autonomous village community) and sogo (a village community), which were formed by unifying more than one soson, sometimes appeared.
- 衣服は小町のような十二単で、頭部に角盥漱を頂いており、小町の執心を表すように、盥の2本の柄が鬼の角のように突き出た姿として描かれている。
- In his illustration, the Tsunohanzo looks like Komachi wearing juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono) and has her tsunohanzo put in the place of the head with a pair of handles protruding like a demon's horns as if they symbolized Komachi's obsession.
- 5年後の文武天皇元年(697年)から儀鳳暦が単独で用いられるようになった(ただし、前年の持統天皇10年説・翌年の文武天皇2年説もある)。
- Five years later, in 697, Giho reki was used alone, although some believe that it was in 696, the previous year, or in 698, the following year.
- 本来は単なる宮中行事の席次表であったが、内閣総理大臣臨時代理を設ける際に宮中席次最高位の閣僚が務めるなど、政治的意味も持つようになった。
- Originally, it was just an order of precedence at the court functions but later it started to have political meanings in events that the top Cabinet member serve as the Acting Prime Minister.
- はやくから社会人のための単位取得プラン「京(みやこ)カレッジ(2006年度まではシティー・カレッジ)」や、産学連携事業もおこなっている。
- The foundation started 'Miyako College (City College until 2006),' a credit earning plan for working people, and a collaboration with industries and universities in the early stage.
- なお、天皇の権限といっても、運用上は天皇が単独で権限を行使する事はなく、内閣(内閣総理大臣)が天皇の了解を得て決断を下す状態が常であった。
- In principle, only the emperor had authority, but in fact, the emperor basically did not exercise powers by himself, but a cabinet (prime minister) made decisions with the emperor's consent.
- 中世にはその名のとおり、夏だけ単にかさねて着たものであったが、のちに四季を通じて衣紋を保たせるために着て、通例、夏は赤、冬は白帷であった。
- It was worn over the hitoe only during summer in medieval times as the name suggests, but it was later worn throughout the seasons to wear a kimono properly not to allow it to come loose, and aka-katabira (red light hemp garment) was worn during summer while shiro-katabira (white light hemp garment) was worn during winter.
- 居敷当(いしきあて)は、単衣仕立ての衣の尻が当たるあたりに、背縫い目が開かないように補強のために裏(中)から当てる四角い厚地の布片である。
- Ishikiate is a square piece of thick cloth for the reinforcement of an unlined garment; it prevents the seams from coming apart and is applied from the back (inside) to the part that presses against the wearer's hip.
- 古畑の小間使いとして動き回っているだけの単なるにぎやかしのように見えるが、彼の何気ない言動を鍵にして古畑が事件解決の閃きを得ることが多い。
- He seems to be just a comic who moves about as a lackey to FURUHATA, but FURUHATA would often have a flash of inspiration to solve a case with IMAIZUMI's casual remarks being the key.
- 紀州産の石の白く艶のあるものは六位以下には使えない、六位以下は漆で黒く塗った(単に黒い色の犀角とする説も有る)犀角(烏犀/うさい)を使う。
- Another rule was 'White and glossy stones of Kishu origin cannot be used by officials of Sixth Rank or lower, who should use black lacquered rhinoceros horn', (one theory claims they were often lacquered).
- 普段着の和服は、着付けが正装よりも簡単であり、大量生産されて安価な物もあるが、それでも現在、日本で和服を普段着としている人は非常に少ない。
- Informal Wafuku is worn easier than formal Wafuku and some are low priced as they are mass-produced, but few people wear Wafuku as their everyday clothes.
- 非常に簡単な道具を用いて家庭で作る事も可能だが、日本では酒税法において濁酒(だくしゅ)と呼び、許可無く作ると酒税法違反に問われる事になる。
- Although you can make Doburoku, which is called Dakushu in Japan under the Liquor Tax Act, using very simple tools at home, if you make it without permission, you will be charged with violating the Liquor Tax Act.
- 土地の豪族岩城則道の夫人徳尼(藤原秀衡の妹)が夫の菩提を弔うため、永暦元年(1160年)に建立した阿弥陀堂で、単層、三間四方の宝形造である。
- It is the Amida-do Hall which Tokuama (the younger sister of FUJIWARA no Hidehira), the wife of Norimichi IWAKI who was from a gozoku (local ruling family), had built in 1160 to pray to Buddha for happiness of her late husband, and it is a one-storied, hogyo-zukuri style (conical roof with no horizontal ridge beam) squared hall whose side is sangen in length.
- ただし、各村の「村明細帳」などに「殺生人」と記される「漁師」・「猟師」などの曖昧な存在もあり、士農工商以外を単純に賎民とすることはできない。
- However, there were also people of ambiguous existence such as fishermen and hunters, being described as 'in charge of butchery' in the 'village details' and others in each village, and therefore it wasn't possible to simply refer to them as being of the Senmin hierarchy.
- 甲州金および江戸時代の通貨体系となった「両」および「分」は、これを基に定められた可能性が高く、薬種の量目も金銀の単位体系に準じたものである。
- ryo' and 'bu,' which were incorporated into Koshu-kin and the currency system of the Edo period, were highly likely to have been based on the previously-mentioned system, and the weight units' system of drugs was modeled after that of gold and silver.
- 基本的に「年蘢り」形式を踏まず、単に寺社に「元日詣」を行うだけの初詣は明治以降広まった新しい風習であり、それも鉄道網の発展による賜物という。
- Fundamentally, hatsumode, in which no 'toshigomori' formalities are taken but only 'ganjitsumode' to shrines and temples is conducted, is a new custom which became widespread after the Meiji period; this is considered as being the product resulting from development of the railway network.
- また流派ごとに専門学校や訓練所を創設したり、石川県菊姫合資会社による酒マイスター制度のように、蔵単位で後継者の育成に励んでいるところもある。
- In addition, some schools have founded their own technical schools or training facilities, and great efforts have been made at a brewery level in order to develop successors; for example the sake Meister system at Kikuhine Goshi Ltd. in Ishikawa Prefecture.
- 他の食品と同じように商品の多機能化と差別化が行われ、単に素材の違いだけでなく、出汁入りのものやカルシウムなどを添加したものが販売されている。
- Like other food products, miso came to be equipped with multifunction and differentiation from others; in addition to the difference of ingredients, soup stock, calcium and so on are added to miso for sale.
- なお、この訪問については同事件の犯人の所属するもの以外にも各種政治団体が「訪沖阻止」などを叫んで全国で集会、千人単位のデモ行進などを行った。
- In addition to the radical groups to which the criminals caused 'The incident at Himeyuri-no-to Tower' belonged, various political organizations held meetings nationwide, as well as demonstration parades with 1,000 participants, raising the rallying cry of 'Let's oppose the Imperial couple's visit to Okinawa Prefecture' and so on.
- ただ、行事等の機会に通常食べることのできない貴重な食品を食べるのは、単なる贅沢というだけではなく、栄養補給の機会を設けるという意味もあった。
- However, eating a valuable food which is not to be served ordinarily, on a special occasion like an event was not only simply luxurious but meant an opportunity of supplying necessary nutritious.
- もっとも、これらの名称は実頼没後の呼称であり、実頼本人は単に「私記」と称していた(これは、当時の貴族が自己の日記に用いた一般的な名称である)。
- These names, however, came into use after the death of Saneyori, who himself referred to it as simply 'Shiki' (a private record) which was a term the nobility commonly used for their personal diaries at that time.
- 「武門之棟梁」は単一人とは限らなかったが、特に名声が高かったのは桓武平氏の平維時・平維衡・平致頼や清和源氏の源満仲・源頼光・源頼信らであった。
- Though 'Bumon no toryo' was not necessarily a single person, persons who had a particularly good reputation were TAIRA no Koretoki, TAIRA no Korehira and TAIRA no Muneyori of Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and MINAMOTO no Yorinobu of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 室町時代の守護大名は国ごとあるいは郡ごとの一円支配だったのに対し、秀吉は太閤蔵入地を設定して大名の支配を郷村単位の支配としたことに意義がある。
- While 'shugo daimyo' (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) during the Muromachi period reigned over a whole region or province, Hideyoshi established the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi and made the area that each feudal lord could reign 'goson' (a self-governing village).
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- さらに荘園や、郡・郷・保を単位とする国衙領は荘園領主や国司(受領)に任命された荘官・郡司・郷司・保司らが知行して治安維持、租税徴収に当たった。
- For a shoen or Kokugaryo, which had been organized into Gun, Sato, and Ho, shokan (an officer) appointed by the ryoshu of the shoen or Gunji (an officer for Gun), Goji (an officer for Go - Sato) and Hoji (an officer for Ho), all of whom were appointed by the kokushi (provincial governor) (also called zuryo), executed their respective chigyo right, working for maintaining security and for collecting taxes.
- 幕府保守層や儒学者たちによる蘭学者に対する一大弾圧事件などではなく、尚歯会を敵視する鳥居が他の幕閣の容認のもと、単独で決行したのが真相である。
- This was not a suppression of Dutch scholars by the Bakufu conservatives or Confucian scholars, but the truth was that Torii, who perceived Shoshikai as an enemy, acted solely with other cabinet officials with the Shogunate's approval.
- 「日出處」「日沒處」は『摩訶般若波羅蜜多経』の注釈書『大智度論』に日出処是東方 日没処是西方 とあるなど、単に東西の方角を表す仏教用語である。
- The terms 'the Land of the Rising Sun' and 'the Land of the Setting Sun' are simply Buddhist terms which refer to the east and the west, as 'Daichidoron' (Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra), an annotated edition of 'Makahannyaharamitashingyo' (The Great Treatise on Perfection of Wisdom), says that the land of the rising sun is the east, and the land of the setting sun is the west.
- 六曜は元々は、1箇月 (暦)(≒30日)を5等分して6日を一定の周期とし(30÷5 6)、それぞれの日を星毎に区別する為の単位として使われた。
- Rokuyo was originally used as a unit for distinguishing each day by stars, where one month (calendar) (≒30 days) was divided into five equal parts and six days were regarded as a cycle (30÷5= 6).
- 通常、湯冷ましのみが単独で売られていることは少なく、同じデザインの急須あるいは宝瓶(泡瓶)と茶碗数個とセットになって販売されていることが多い。
- In general, only yuzamashi is seldom sold separately, but is usually sold as a set with a kyusu or a hohin (a kind of small teapot) and several chawan (tea bowls) which are of the same design.
- 一覧の見方は、各小見出しごとに着用時期を、太字が名称を表わし、一番上に重ねる衣から順に表(裏)の色を書いて行き最後が単(ひとえ)のいろになる。
- In the following list, each headword represents the time for wearing, the words in bold letters represent the names, and the sequence of the following words shows the sequence of the colors from the outer cloth to the inner cloth, in the order of the color of outer material and (the color of lining), and the last single word means the color of hitoe (no lining).
- 他の素材では、最近ではガラス繊維などを利用して耐火性を確保するものも存在する一方、ただ単に金属の皿一枚を基盤として作成された単純なものもある。
- Apart from ceramic kayariki, a simple metal plate as a base exists, while kayariki made of glass fiber with fire resistance also exist.
- 同様に、三条以北も「川端北大路」→「高野橋東詰」、「川端今出川」→「賀茂大橋」または「京阪出町柳駅前」(単に「出町柳」、「出町」とも)と呼ぶ。
- Even the following intersections to the north of Sanjo are named in the same way: 'Takanobashi (Takanobashi Bridge) Higashizume' in place of 'Kawabata Kitaoji,' and 'Kamo Ohashi Bridge' or 'Keihan Demachiyanagieki-mae (Demachiyanagi or Demachi)' in place of 'Kawabata Imadegawa.'
- 地方の民衆生活のなかでは、「村」は基本的な共同体の単位であったが、それが、法的には全然認められていない事実のなかにも、律令法の特徴がみられる。
- In the provincial lives of people, the 'village' was a basic unit of the community, but the fact that it was not recognized by law at all is characteristic of ritsuryo law.
- 東山区の町名は、区の西部の旧・下京の町組(ちょうぐみ)に属していた町は単独町名であり、東部と南部には旧村名などの地区名を冠した複合町名がある。
- For the town names in Higashiyama Ward, those towns that belonged to the former chogumi (town society) of Shimogyo in the western part of Higashiyama Ward use individual town names, while those located in the eastern and southern part of Higashiyama Ward use complex town names that are prefixed by the district names such as old village names.
- しかし、ふっくらした生地を造るのに適した重曹成分や蒸しに適した高温の蒸気が確保できる温泉は限られており、多くは単なる土産物としての饅頭である。
- However, there are only few hot springs which have both sodium bicarbonate suited for making soft and full dough, and steam of high temperature required for steaming, therefore many of the manju called Onsen-manju are normal manju just as a souvenirs.
- ちなみにヨロヅハタトヨアキツシヒメは伊勢神宮の内宮の三神の一人であり(もう一人はアマテラス)、単なる息子の妃では考えられない程の高位の神である。
- Incidentally, Yorozuhatatoyoakitsushi Hime (along with Amaterasu) was one of the three gods of the Naiku (the Inner Shrine) in Ise-jingu Shrine, which names her as a high-ranking god that cannot have been a mere wife of another god's son.
- また、畿内から遠い東北・関東・九州では、惣村よりも広い範囲(荘園・公領単位)で、ゆるやかな村落結合が形成されたが、これを郷村(ごうそん)という。
- In the Tohoku, Kanto and Kyushu regions far from the Kinai region, moderately unified villages were formed within a range larger than that of a soson (as a unit of manor or public land), and such villages were called goson (autonomous villages).
- そのため安土桃山時代においては、豊臣秀吉による太閤検地によって、知行高は支給される米の容積による「石 (単位)」(石高)で表されるようになった。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, chigyodaka (a stipend in terms of rice production of the fief) was represented by the volume of rice to be supplied; that is to say, by the unit of 'koku' (also called kokudaka), which was organized during the Taiko kenchi (the cadastral survey of Taiko) conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- ことは複雑で事態は単純ではないが、大きな流れとしては、江戸幕末では「開国」を主張する徳川幕府や薩摩藩と、「攘夷」を主張する長州藩の対立となった。
- While the whole situation was very complex, the major trend at the end of the Edo period was that the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Satsuma Domain who insisted on opening Japan to the world were at odds with the Choshu Domain who insisted on expelling foreigners.
- 大正デモクラシー運動(あるいは単に大正デモクラシー)は、大正時代に興った日本全体を巻き込む民主主義的あるいは自由主義的な風潮・思潮の総称である。
- The Taisho Democracy movement (or Taisho Democracy for short) is a name given collectively to the social climate and thought oriented toward democracy and freedom that emerged during the Taisho period and swept the entire country.
- 焼津港が鰹の水揚げ量において国内隋一であることから、鰹のアラが比較的簡単に手に入るため、おでんの具材としても使われるようになったと見られている。
- Because the Yaizu Port is number one in the number of catches of bonito, ara (internal organs of fish) of bonito is relatively easily available, which is considered to be the reason why it came to be used as an Oden ingredient.
- しかし1990年代も半ばを過ぎると演歌の衰退は激化し、1990年代末には演歌の新曲CDが数十万枚単位でヒットする例は極めて少なくなってしまった。
- Years after the mid-1990s, however, saw severer deterioration of the enka genre, and it became unusual for new enka CDs to become hits and sell as many as hundreds of thousands of copies in the late 1990s.
- このほか越前焼でもすり鉢が少なくとも室町時代から生産されており、丹波焼については、14世紀中葉から後半にかけての時期に1条1単位のものが現れる。
- Additionally, in the Echizen-yaki (Echizen ware) kiln, Suribachi were also produced from at least the Muromachi period, and in the Tanba-yaki (Tanba ware) kiln, Suribachi having one ridged pattern in a single unit appeared from the middle to the latter part of the fourteenth century.
- 穴虫峠の手前で出会った乙女に道を聞いたのだが、簡単に越えられるはずの直越え(穴虫峠)ではなく、遠くて、標高も高い竹之内峠越えをしろと教えられた。
- He met a girl in front of the Anamushi-toge Pass and asked her his way, and she taught him to get over the Takenouchi-toge Pass, which was far and located high above sea level, rather than the easier direct pass (Anamushi-toge Pass).
- 朝廷は租税収入を確保するために、諸国の国衙領を名田という単位へ分割し、在地の富豪層(田堵)へ名田経営と租税納入を請け負わせる支配体制へと移行した。
- To ensure yields of tax, the Imperial Court introduced a new ruling system where Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in provinces were divided into units of myoden (rice field lots in charge of nominal holders) so that land lords of the wealthy class (Tato (cultivators)) undertook the management of myoden and land tax payment.
- 鞍馬天狗の宗十郎頭巾は、単に微行姿であるのみならず、正体を隠した正義の味方であるというその設定によるものであろうが、子供たちに絶大な人気を誇った。
- Sojuro-zukin of Kurama Tengu won children's overwhelming popularity, probably because Kurama Tengu was intriguing for them not only in its incognito appearance but also in its role as a champion of justice with its identity concealed.
- 全国出版協会の発表によると、日本国内で2006年に出版された漫画の単行本は10965点、漫画雑誌は305点存在する(廉価版が1450点含まれる)。
- All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher's and Editor's Association says the number of comic books published in Japan in 2006 was 10,965 and that of comic magazines was 305 (including 1,450 reprint editions).
- 支配単位ごとに上は収税権をもつ朝廷、権門から在地領主として地域に根を下ろした武士などを経て、下は名主層に至る、複数者の権利が重層的にからんでいた。
- Rather, the Imperial Court, the influential who had the authority to collect taxes, warriors who lived there as local lords, as well as myoshu had multilayered interests in these lands.
- 上述の『朝鮮通信使小童図』には馬に乗った小童に町人が揮毫(現代で言えばサイン)を求める様が描かれており、随行員には庶民が簡単に接触できたようである。
- 'Pictures of Children in Chosen Tsushinshi' included the scene in which a person in a town sought kigo (signing in the present days) for a child who rode a horse, showing that the general public were easily accessible to persons in the envoy.
- この頃になると、職そのものが、本来の身分的な性格から単なる得分権となり、在地領主的な職を本家や領家が直接保持する場合や、その逆の場合が見られてきた。
- Meanwhile, shiki itself shifted from being an expression of an official position to being the right to tax profit, and there were cases where honke or ryoke directly held the shiki of a local lord, or the other way around meaning local lords holding the shiki of honke or ryoke.
- 制度導入当初は、重臣とは「内閣総理大臣の前官礼遇を賜りたる者及び枢密院議長」であったが、1940年に単純に「首相経験者及び枢密院議長」に改正された。
- When the senior statesmen system was first introduced, a senior statesman was defined as 'persons who had been granted the privileges of his former post as Prime Minister as well as the Chairman of the Privy Council'; however, in1940 the definition was revised to simply 'former Prime Ministers and the Chairman of the Privy Council.'
- 明治時代に通貨単位として円 (通貨)(円)が導入されたが、切り替え時に「1圓は1両と等価」とされ、しばらくの間は「圓」のことを「両」とも呼んでいた。
- In the Meiji period, yen was introduced as the currency unit, however, '1 yen was equivalent to 1 ryo' in changeover phase, so 'yen' was called 'ryo' for a while.
- 金貨の通貨単位としての両は武田信玄により、鋳造を命じられた甲州金により確立され、江戸幕府に継承されたもので、1両は4分に等しく、また16朱に等しい。
- As the currency unit of gold coins, ryo was established by Koshu-kin (the gold coin minted in Koshu Province), which Shingen TAKEDA ordered to coin, and handed down to the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); 1 ryo was equalized with 4 bu, or 16 shu (bu and shu were former Japanese currency unit).
- 浄瑠璃とは、簡単にいえば、物語性を重視した声楽で、複数の登場人物の詞(ことば)、背景説明、情景描写、心理描写などをすべて表現する「語りもの」である。
- To put it simply, pure joruri is vocal music that emphasizes stories and can be called a kind of narrative in which, concerning a story, the characters' words, background explanations, depictions of scenes and psychological descriptions are all expressed vocally.
- その後15世紀末に10~12本1単位の擂り目を10~12方向に放射状に施すすり鉢が出現し、16世紀の大窯期にさらに擂り目をぎっしりと施すようになる。
- At the end of the fifteenth century, Suribachi with ten to twelve ridged patterns in a single unit, shaped radially in ten to twelve directions, appeared, and in the sixteenth century when big kilns were used, ridged patterns came to be shaped more closely.
- また青海郎女は巫女というわけではなくて、単に皇位継承問題の対策を諮問されて、飯豊王の名を回答しただけであり、神託というようなものとはみなしていない。
- And Aomi no himemiko was not a miko and she was simply asked questions regarding succession to the Imperial Throne, and answered the name of Iitoyo no himemiko and did not give an oracle.
- 中京区においては、区のほぼ東半分の地域の町名は単独町名であり、西部は市町村合併以前の地名を継承する「聚楽廻」「西ノ京」「壬生」を冠称する町名となる。
- In Nakagyo Ward, town names in most of the eastern half of Nakagyo Ward are independent town names, while those in the western part of Nakagyo Ward are prefixed by the place names from before the municipal merger such as 'Jurakumawari,' 'Nishinokyo' and 'Mibu.'
- 蝋燭立ては筐体内で倒れないように常に自立可能なジャイロスコープと同様の仕組みをもつ自在に回転する留め金で固定されており、光が単一方向にのみ照射する。
- The candle holder does not fall in the chassis as it is fixed to one of two freely rotatable rings perpendicular to each other, which is a mechanism similar to that of a gyroscope which can always keep the direction of the axis of spin unchanged, so that the light comes out only in a single direction.
- また、国内で紛争が発生した場合、臨時の国単位の軍事司令官たる追捕使・押領使などに任命され、国内武士を統率して国内の治安維持に当たる武力として機能した。
- And in the case of domestic conflicts, zaichokanjin were temporarily appointed as military officers of kokuga units called 'tsuibushi' or 'oryoshi' and functioned as the military forces that provided leadership over domestic bushis in order to maintain security.
- この土地支配の単位を名田と呼ぶが、この頃、郡司、土着国司などを出自とする田堵と呼ばれた富豪層は、名の経営を請け負い、負名と呼ばれるようになっていった。
- The unit of the medieval land ruling is called myoden (rice field lots in the charge of a nominal holder), and at that period the wealthy class called Tato (cultivators) that came from gunji (local magistrates) and native provincial governors undertook the management of myo and came to be called Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field).
- そうなると、人民一人ひとりを収取(課税・徴税)単位としていた人別支配はもはや不可能となり、政府や支配層にとって別の支配体制を構築する必要が生じていた。
- Under such circumstances, controlling each member of the community by imposing and collecting taxes was no longer possible, and the government and the ruling class were becoming aware of the necessity for a new control system.
- その基礎となる戸は、正丁(せいてい)成年男子を三丁ないし四丁含むような編成を編戸(へんこ)といい、一戸一兵士という、軍団の兵士を選ぶ基礎単位になった。
- The basic households of this system were called henko (the organization of the people) which included three or four seitei (men in good health between 21 and 60 years of age) and were the fundamental unit from which gundan (army corps) soldiers were selected in what was known as one soldier per household.
- 法律も国民の行いによって変わるもので、単に学ぶ事を知らず無知であるのに強訴や一揆などを行ったり、自分に都合の良い事ばかりを言う事は恥知らずではないか。
- Laws and regulations are also changed by the activities of people; if the ignorant people who have no interest in learning resort to direct petitions or uprisings and always make it work to his advantage, I think this is shameless; and
- 治房勢は、4月29日 (旧暦)には一揆勢と協力しての紀州攻めを試みるが、先鋒の塙直之、淡輪重政らが単独で浅野長晟勢と戦い(樫井の戦い)討死してしまう。
- Harufusa troop, cooperating with uprising forces, attacked Kishu Province on April 29 (the old calendar), but the spearheading Naoyuki BAN and Shigemasa TANNOWA fought with their own army alone against Nagaakira ASANO troop only to be killed (the Battle of kashii).
- 形は単や袿と変わらないが、一番外側に羽織る着物で目に留まるため、他の着物と違い、二陪織物(ふたべおりもの)などの豪華な生地から調製するのが特徴である。
- The shape of the omoteginu is no different to that of the hitoe or uchigi; however, since it is the outermost kimono that covers the other kimonos of the juni-hitoe, it is usually made of luxurious materials such as futabe-orimono (silk double weave).
- 「法被」の字は、高僧が座る椅子の背もたれに掛ける布のことを「法被」(はっぴ)というが、衣服の法被と全く関連がないことから、単なる宛て字と見られている。
- Kanji '法被' is also used for 'happi' that is a cloth hanged from backrest of a chair for high priest but it is believed to be just a phonetic-equivalent character, as there is no connection with happi coat.
- 最終的に勝利した斎藤氏が、守護代を単独で継承して美濃の実権を握るようになった一方、持益は隠居させられ、斎藤利永が擁立する庶流の土岐成頼が守護になった。
- Finally winning in the war, the Saito clan unilaterally took over the position of Shugodai and gained real power in Mino Province, whereas Mochimasu was forced to retire and Shigeyori TOKI, a member of a branch famiy of theToki clan and who was backed up by Toshimaga Saito, became Shugo.
- 国内での単なる排出量削減を除く植林活動や、国外での活動、削減量の国家間取引など、温室効果ガスの削減をより容易にするための規定で、柔軟性措置とも呼ばれる。
- The term refers to provisions to ease the reduction of greenhouse gases such as tree planting activities, activities abroad, International Emissions Trading and so on, except for merely domestic activities of emissions reduction, and is also called flexibility mechanisms.
- しかし、宗忠は単に「私記」と記してあった書が『清慎公記』と気づかずに、後日になって同書を譲ったとする顕仲と事実無根とする宗忠の間に紛争となったとされる。
- However, Munetada didn't recognize the book, simply titled 'Shiki,' as ''Seishinko-ki,'' and later there was a conflict between Akinaka who claimed he gave the book to Munetada, and Munetada who claimed he didn't receive it.
- これを改める為に、金貨の通貨単位である2朱に相当する銀貨を発行して、金貨と銀貨の為替レートを固定、事実上の通貨統一を果たそうというのが田沼の狙いだった。
- To improve this, Tamura proposed that issuing silver coins with the value of Nishu gold coins, and fixing the exchange rate between silver and gold coins, would eventually unify the currency system.
- 東港は1901年に軍港に指定され舞鶴鎮守府が開設されて以来、大日本帝国海軍が港湾のみならず、本来単なる入り江に過ぎなかった東舞鶴地区の土地造成も行った。
- Since the East Port was designated as a naval port to house the Maizuru Chinju-fu in 1901, the former Japanese Imperial Navy not only developed it as the harbor but also reclaimed the land of Higashi Maizuru area--once merely an inlet.
- このため、鎌倉期以前の荘園では、住居がまばらに点在する散村が通常であったが、室町期に入ると、民衆が自己防衛のため村落単位で団結する傾向が強まっていった。
- For this reason, in the shoen before the Kamakura period, the dispersed rural settlements where the houses were sparsely scattered were normal, but in the Muromachi period the common people increasingly tended to consolidate as a village unit for self-defense.
- 各所に「翼按ずるに」と注釈がつけられている(「翼」は杉田玄白の本名)ことからも、単純な逐語訳ではなく、杉田玄白らの手によって再構成された書であると言える。
- Considering of such annotations seen everywhere in it as 'Tasuku considers this as…' ('Tasuku' was the real name of Genpaku SUGITA), this 'Kaitai Shinsho' may not be regarded as a simple translation but as a book reconfigured by Genpaku SUGITA and others.
- また、明和期以前は一分判より低額面のものは寛永通寳一文 (通貨単位)銭であったため、この中間を補佐する貨幣の需要が高かったことも流通が普及した要因である。
- Another reason for Nanryo Nishu Gin circulating well was that auxiliary currency in between was much in demand because Kanei Tsuho Ichimon Sen (a coin currency unit) had been the only lower face value than Ichibu Ban (Koban) before the Meiwa era.
- 前期王朝国家において、田堵負名層は在庁官人として国衙の行政実務に協力する一方で、しばしば一国単位に結集して朝廷への上訴や受領襲撃といった反受領闘争を行った。
- In the early dynastic nation-state, the tato and fumyo class cooperated with kokuga's administrative affairs as local officials but at the same time, they often gathered country by country to appeal to the Imperial Court or to wage anti-zuryo conflicts such as attacks against zuryo.
- 後に、単に一着分の幅・丈として、着物用は幅9寸5分、長さ3丈以上、羽織用の綿布は幅9寸5分、長さ2丈4尺以上、その他は幅9寸5分、長さ2丈以上を標準とした。
- Later, 1 tan as width and length of a cloth was set as 9 sun and 5 bu in width and at least 3 jo in length for a kimono (Japanese traditional clothing); 9 sun and 5 bu in width and at least 2 jo and 4 shaku in length for a menpu used for haori (Japanese half-coat); 9 sun and 5 bu in width and at least 2 jo in length for other clothes.
- また、『太平記抜書』においては、山田孝雄や新村出などが太平記流布本系からの単純な抄出と看做し、のちに底本として慶長版古活字本の一本に特定する研究がなされた。
- Yoshio YAMADA and Izuru SHINMURA regarded 'Taiheiki Nukigaki' (Excerpts from Taiheiki) as a mere excerpt from the group of popular editions of Taiheiki, and a study to specify that it was part of Keicho-ban (Keicho editions) kokatsuji-bon (old movable type imprints) as the original text was conducted.
- ちなみに仏舎利の「舎利」は「肉体・遺体」を意味する単語シャリーラ(zariira शरीर)であり、どちらもサンスクリットの漢訳に同じ漢字が宛てられたもの。
- For reference, 'shari' of Busshari (Buddha's ashes) originated from a word, zariira (शरीर), meaning 'body,' and the same Chinese characters applied to both words in Sanskrit when they were translated into Chinese.
- 「三代目」とはいいながら、この「市川壽海」の名跡を襲名したのはこの太田照造ただ一人なので、かれのことを単に市川壽海(いちかわ じゅかい)と呼ぶこともあった。
- Although, he was called 'Sandaime' (third), only Shozo OTA used the name 'Jukai ICHIKAWA,' and he was sometimes simply called 'Jukai ICHIKAWA.'
- 単純に三都市の頭文字を取ったもので、「京阪神三大学(京都大学・大阪大学・神戸大学)」など三都市に限った事象や施設を一つのグループとして表現する際に使用する。
- As it is made up simply of the initial sounds of the three city names, it is used when describing events and facilities limited to those three cities as one group, such as 'The Three Keihanshin Universities (Kyoto University, Osaka University and Kobe University),' etc.
- 虚飾性を排し、単純な一枚の布で全ての機能が完結する「潔さ」が、日本人が古来から持つ「美意識」と共通するものがあり、日本の古典的な理想の男子像にも例えられる。
- It can represent 'graciousness' that excludes vanity and completes all the functions with a simple piece of cloth, and it reminds us 'the sense of beauty' that the Japanese have cherished since ancient times, and can even exemplify the classic and ideal image of a man in Japan.
- 貨幣経済の進展にともない、諸物価の基準であった米価は下落を続け(米価安の諸色高)、それを俸禄の単位としていた旗本・御家人の困窮が顕著なものとなったからである。
- This is due to the fact that along with the process of the monetary economy, the price of rice, which was used as a standard in pricing various commodities, kept falling (the general price rice in spite of the low price of rice), and it became obvious that shogunate direct retainers (hatamoto) and low-level vassal, whose salary was determined based on rice price, were hard up financially.
- そこから量を量る「枡」の意味、およびそれによって量られる容積の単位を意味するようになった(これとは別に、柄杓で物を掬い上げることから「のぼる」の意味もある)。
- Because of this origin, the character 升 came to represent 'masu' (a square, wooden measuring cup), and also sho, which is the unit of the volume measured with the masu, and in addition, it now represents the Japanese verb 'noboru' (means 'rise'), which came from the act of scooping something up with a ladle.
- 太秦・宇多野の西、桂川 (淀川水系)の北、小倉山の東、愛宕山 (京都市)の南に囲まれた付近に広がる広い地域の名称で、単に「嵯峨(さが)」と呼称される事もある。
- Sagano is a wide area which extends west of Uzumasa and Utano, north of the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system), east of Mt.Ogura, and south of Mt. Atago (Kyoto City), although sometimes it is simply called 'Saga.'
- 安定な状態を、確実なものにしようと、荘園の寄進を行うが、その段階で、自分の直接支配地だけでなく、郷の単位ぐらいに、周辺の公領も切り取って規模を拡大して立荘する。
- A donation of shoen was made to secure its stable state, and on this occasion, the area of the shoen was defined by inclusion of not only their regions of direct influence but also nearby public land cut off by about a village unit to increase the area.
- 10世紀初頭頃から、公田は名田と呼ばれる租税収取の基礎単位へ編成され、現地の富豪層(田堵・負名層)が名田経営と租税納入を請け負うという名体制が形成されていった。
- In the early 10th century, Koden was reorganized into the base for taxing called Myoden (rice field lots managed by a nominal holder) and the system called Myo-system, under which local wealthy peasants (Tato (cultivators)/Fumyoso (tiller of the public rice field)) were responsible for the management of Myoden as well as land tax payment, was established.
- そのため、国衙は国司四等官全員が郡司層を介して戸籍に登録された公民単位に徴税を行うのではなく、筆頭国司たる受領が富豪層を把握して彼らから徴税を行うようになった。
- Thus, instead of having all kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor) collect tax via the gunji class from each citizen unit registered in a family registry, kokuga collected tax from zuryo, the head of the provincial governors, who grasped people of the rich and powerful class and collected tax from them.
- なお朱子の理とは、理は形而上のもの、気は形而下のものであってまったく別の二物であるが、たがいに単独で存在することができず、両者は「不離不雑」の関係であるとする。
- According to 'Li' of Shushigaku, 'Li' is a metaphysical existence, 'Ch'i' is a physical existence, and these two are completely different, however, each of them cannot solely exist and they are an 'inseparable' relation.
- 日本では1871年(明治4年)に「新貨条例」を定めて、新貨幣単位円 (通貨)とともに確立されたが、まだ経済基盤が弱かった日本からは正貨である金貨の流出が続いた。
- In 1871, Japan introduced gold standard system with a new currency unit, yen (circulated money), by enacting 'New Currency Act,' but vulnerable economic infrastructure in Japan at that time allowed gold coin, specie, to flow out continuously.
- 古代中国の周代に、歩幅2歩分(右足を踏み出し、次に左足を踏み出した時の、起点から踏み出した左足までの長さ)を「歩 (尺貫法)」という長さの単位(身体尺)とした。
- In ancient China during Zhou Dynasty, 'bu' (the old Japanese system of weights and measures) was established as the unit of length, specifying the length of two steps forward (by stepping forward with right leg first and left leg next, and measuring the travelled distance from the starting point to the left foot; this is a unit based on the measurement of human body parts [a anthropomorphic units]).
- 政治史の分野においては、幕末の把握に関して、単なる過渡期とするか、あるいはそれ以前以後とは異なった独自の国家状態もしくは国家体制とするかの2つの見方に分かれる。
- In the field of political history, there are two different views on the bakumatsu period, one of which sees it as a normal transitional period, and another which views the period as a unique state of governance, separate from the previous system.
- 基本的な規定として「白い小袖に朱の切袴(くるぶしまでの短い袴)、単衣の上に規定に従った袿を着用し、外出の際は腰でたくし上げて帯で固定し着用する」という物である。
- The basic regulation was 'to wear white kosode and vermilion kiri-bakama (short ankle-length hakama) and hitoe under regulation uchiki, which is to be rolled to the waist and tucked into the obi when going out'.
- なお、大阪(特に南部から堺、和歌山にかけて)のうどん店で単に「かす」というと、天かすではなく「油かす」(牛脂を絞った残りかすを油で揚げたもの)を指すことがある。
- 一原文一訳文の例外対処
- (3)公家室町時代より単、衵(あこめ)、下襲などを略して、この帷に下襲の襟をつけ、あるいは単の袖の生地を端袖として縫いつけ、これらを重ねたようにみせかけたもの。
- (3) From the Kuge (court noble) Muromachi period, instead of hitoe, akome (inner wear) and shitagasane (long inner robe), the okatabira was worn with the sleeves of shitagasane attached or with the sleeves of hitoe sewn on as the end sleeves, disguising as if the okatabira, shitagasane and hitoe were all worn properly.
- なお、酒造家という表現には、杜氏だけでなく、単なるビジネスライクな生産者に留まらないで、自らの酒造りを一つの理念や思想にまで昇華させているような蔵元も含まれる。
- In addition, the expression of 'shuzo-ka' refers to not only toji but also some breweries who do not just produce sake on the business level but elevate sake brewing to their own belief or philosophy.
- 勅旨牧は信濃国・甲斐国・武蔵国・上野国の4国に及んだため、牧単位で分散して行われ、『延喜式』・『政事要略』によれば、8月のうちから8日間に分けて儀式が開かれた。
- Because the imperial agistment sites were required in four provinces (Shinano, Kai, Musashi and Kozuke), the plots of grazing land were dispersed and, according to ancient laws and political guidelines the ceremonies took place in an eight day timeframe in August.
- ここにおいて、「オチ」という語は、本来の「結末」の意味は既に失われ、単に笑わせどころ(作者が読者を笑わせるための仕掛けを施した箇所)の意としてのみ使われている。
- In these cases, the word 'ochi' loses its original meaning of 'ending' and is used just as a kind of device to cause a laugh (where artists placed a device to make readers laugh).
- 後にこうした土地は雑役免としての実績を背景に寄進地系荘園として不輸の権 (日本)・不入の権 (日本)を獲得したり、荘園状態となった国衙領の構成単位となっていった。
- Against the background of the established fact of Zoyakumen, these lands later obtained fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption)/funyu no ken (the right to keep tax agents from entering the property) as kishinchi kei shorn (shoen originated from donated lands) or became the unit of kokugaryo, which was then consisted of many shoen.
- 織田信長の命により石山本願寺に和睦の交渉役として出向いた時に、城内の困窮ぶりを目のあたりにし、交渉を有利にすすめるために単独で米100石を提供したという説もある。
- There is another view telling that when he visited Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple as a negotiator for peace by the order of Nobunaga ODA, he saw with his own eyes hardship in the castle, and he supplied on his discretion 100 koku (approx. 18 cubic meters) of rice in order to carry out negotiation for this favor.
- このうち、国司には中央から派遣されたが、郡司・里長はかつての在地首長である地域の豪族層が終身官として任命され、実質上自分の支配地域を行政単位として認められていた。
- The provincial governor was sent from the central government, whereas the local magistrate or village chief was appointed for life from local powerful clans who had ruled the area, which virtually meant that they were approved to govern the areas they originally ruled as administrative districts of the central government.
- それ以後続けて編年体の正史が作られたが、続日本紀以後は、編年体を基本としながらも人物の薨去記事に簡単な伝記を付載する「国史体」とよばれる独自のスタイルが確立した。
- From that point onward, official histories were written in chronological order, but beginning with Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan, Continued), a unique new style emerged in which the history, although at its fundamental level still written chronologically, also included accounts of the deaths of famous people as well as simple biographies; this style was termed 'Kokushitai' (Japanese-style chronological history).
- しかし、1928年(昭和3年)の即位の礼で調製した十二単は、この「板引き加工」も贅沢であるとして通常の生地から調製されるようになり、この慣行が現在まで続いている。
- However, uchiginu made by 'itahiki' was still considered very luxury, so at the accession ceremony of Emperor Showa of 1928 when the juni-hitoe was prepared, the uchiginu was made of plain materials; since then uchiginu have been made of plain materials until the present.
- 細かく分けると、魚を塩漬けの後に表面の塩分を洗い流して改めて塩を振って焼いたものを指し、単に魚の身に塩を振ったたけでそのまま焼いたものは白塩焼きと呼んで区別する。
- To classify more specifically, shioyaki is the one in which fish is pickled in salt, after which its surface salt is washed away, then the fish is sprinkled with salt again and broiled, whereas shira-shioyaki is the one in which fish is simply sprinkled with salt before being broiled.
- 面単体では後頭部を保護できず、また頭髪に接する部分が汗や脂によって劣化しやすくなるため、それらの弱点を補う目的で手拭(面下、面タオルなどとも称する)が併用される。
- As the Men alone cannot protect the back of the head and the part where it touches head hair is deteriorated with sweat and grease, a tenugui cotton towel (also called as menshita or men taoru) is also used in combination with the Men to compensate for the weakness.
- ナイフやフォーク (食器)といった食器を使わなくても簡単に噛み千切れるので、パンに挟んでハンバーガーにする事もでき、ファーストフードなどでも主力商品となっている。
- Since it is tender enough to bite without using any cutlery such as a knife and a fork, 'hanbaga' (a hamburger sandwich) consisting of hamburger patties between two pieces of bread can be made, a feature that ensures a staple item of fast food chains, too.
- 地理的には南部が桂川 (淀川水系)流域、北部が由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Much interaction exists between its southern part, which is located along the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and its northern part, which is located along the Yura-gawa River, but it cannot be said that the area constitutes a single cultural area, due to the slight differences in dialect which exist between the two regions.
- また、それら文化財自体の地震などへの耐震性についても、現在の基準で判断すると問題のある建物も相当数あるが、解体修理は世紀単位で一度しかできず、莫大な費用を要する。
- When judging the earthquake resistance of those cultural properties in accordance with current standards, there are many buildings that fail but dismantling and repair can only be conducted once every century and requires enormous amounts of money.
- 京都市内の町名には「大原来迎院町」のように旧村名、旧大字名に由来する地名(上記例の場合は「大原」)を冠称するものと、「亀屋町」「菊屋町」のような単独町名とがある。
- The town names of Kyoto City are categorized into those using their former village names or former Oaza (large section of village) such as 'Ohara Raikoin-cho' (in this case, 'Ohara' is the former name) and those using an independent name of a town such as 'Kameya-cho' and 'Kikuya-cho.'
- The Town Names of Kyoto City are categorized into those using their former village names or former Oaza (large section of village) such as 'Ohara Raikoin-Cho' (in this case, 'Ohara' is former name) and those using an independent name of a town such as 'Kameya-Cho' and 'Kikuya-Cho'.
- The town's names in Kyoto City are categorized into ones which use the former village name or former Oaza (larger section of village) such as 'Ohara Raikoin-cho' (in this case, 'Ohara') and ones which uses an independent name such as 'Kameya-cho' and 'Kikuya-cho.'
- The town names in Kyoto City are categorized into ones which use the former village name or former Oaza (larger section of village) such as 'Ohara Raikoin-cho' (in this case, 'Ohara') and ones which uses an independent name such as 'Kameya-cho' and 'Kikuya-cho.'
- 忍海部は、飯豊王の名代(こしろ)の部民制(べのたみ)であるが、単なる農民部ではなく東漢氏(あやひと)をかかえた雑工部(物品製造に携わる職工集団)でもあったらしい。
- Oshinumibe was bemin sei (the system of Yamato Dynasty) of Iitoyo's representative, but it seems to have been not just a department of peasants, but a department of manufacturers (mechanic company to produce items) including Ayahito clan.
- (野丁場ともいう、造成地や埋立地など町の形成される前の場所や町という単位からはずれる、または超える規模の仕事の場所、検地(野帳簿ない)の出来ていない土地をさす。)
- (The term nochoba [also written as '野丁場'] means the areas where the future towns will be built, such as developed lands or reclaimed lands, or the work sites where its size cannot be categorized or over-categorized as a town, or the properties not registered based on land survey (or without registration).)
- 近世では、衣冠・直衣・狩衣について正式には単や衣を重ねたものの、小袖に直接これらのうわぎを着ることも行われ、また指貫に代えて指袴(指貫と同じ生地の切袴)も用いた。
- In recent years, the hitoe and the kinu were worn together with Ikan, Noshi, Kariginu as formal style, or sometimes these clothes were worn directly on top of Kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes), or Sashiko (Kiribakama made from same fabric as Sashinuki) was worn instead of wearing Sashinuki.
- 江戸時代には秤量銀貨の実測値が通貨単位として使用され、元禄13年(1700年)に丁銀60匁は小判1両に相当すると公定されたが、実態は市場経済による変動相場であった。
- In the Edo period, the currency value of Hyoryo ginka (the silver coin used as the currency by weight) depended on its weight, and in 1700, 60 monme of chogin (silver coin) was officially equalized in value with 1 ryo of koban (former Japanese gold coin of oval shape), however, it was actually floating rate by the market economy.
- 領有が細分化した地方に特別な機関を置く場合を除いて、国を単位とする行政体はなかった(ただし国司を任じていたことから、名目のみ行政区分としての令制国は存在していた)。
- Except for the cases in which particular organization was placed on the district where territories were segmentalized, there were no administrative organs based on the province (However, as dynasty appointed provincial governors, there were Ryosei provinces as nominal administrative division).
- 明治政府は、陸奥国から4国を分立させ、出羽国を2国に分割し、北海道 (令制)に11国を新設し、さらに琉球国を置いて85国としたが、国単位での行政機関を置かなかった。
- The Meiji government separated 4 provinces from Mutsu Province, divided Dewa Province into 2 provinces, newly established 11 provinces in Hokkaido and established Ryukyu Province to set up 85 provinces in total, but it did not found administrative organs in every province.
- またこの耳慣れない名称は、形状がカボチャの実と似ていたために、元々はポルトガル語で「カボチャ」を意味していた単語「abobora」が転用されたという説が有力である。
- The most convincing theory for the origin of this unfamiliar name is a transfer of the word 'abobora,' which meant for 'a pumpkin' in Portuguese, as shape of Bofura was similar to a pumpkin.
- 源義朝が相馬御厨を寄進しえたということは、単なる書類上のことだけではなくて、現地での徴税の請負の意味をもっていた以上、事実上の在地支配を離れて可能であったはずはない。
- He also discusses that since the fact that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo could donate Soma-mikuriya, it was not just a piece of paper and indicated a contract for the local collection of tax, and the donation could not have been made independently from the de facto land ruling.
- それが何年分の未進というのかは不明だが、おそらくは、過去に遡ってのものであったろうといわれる(ただし、領地の囲い込みについては単純に善玉・悪玉とは出来ない面もある)。
- It is unknown for how many years the unpaid tributes were, but it is said to be probably retrospective (it should be noted, however, that there is an aspect that the enclosure of the estate cannot be simply judged as good or bad).
- 加えて明和5年(1768年)から寛永通寳真鍮當四文 (通貨単位)銭の鋳造を請負い、これ以降、文久永宝に至るまで四文銭の鋳造は銀座の指導監督のもと行われることとなった。
- The ginza later became responsible for minting the Kan'ei Tsuho shinchu-yonmon (currency unit) coin from 1768, marking the start of yonmon coin minting under the supervision of the ginza until the Bunkyu and Eiho periods
- しかしながら、有力な支配下豪族や他国の領主との外交においては、有力家臣を「取り次ぎ役」することは当時としては一般的であり、単なる伝令とするのは事実誤認との指摘もある。
- However, at that time, it was ordinary to have a powerful retainer play the role of the 'messenger,' in negotiations with powerful local clans under control or with lords of other provinces, and therefore, it is pointed out as well that it would not be correct to consider him simply as an orderly officer.
- 束帯の構成は下から、単(ひとえ)・袙(あこめ)・下襲(したがさね)・半臂(はんぴ)・袍(ほう)を着用、袍の上から腰の部位に革製のベルトである石帯(せきたい)を当てる。
- A sokutai is put on in the following order: first a hitoe (a single layer of a kimono that serves as an undergarment) is put on; next, an akome (a layer of clothing worn by nobles beneath their robe but over their undergarments) is put on; next, a shitagasane (long inner robe) is put on; next, a hanpi (short-sleeved or sleeveless undergarment) is put on; next, a ho (outer robe) is put on; and finally a leather belt is put on around the waist on top of the ho.
- 検注帳は荘園によって形式の違いがあるものの、大まかには耕地の一筆もしくは1坪単位の所在地、面積、所定の租税量、名請人などを書き上げ最後に項目ごとにまとめた集計を載せる。
- Although there are differences in methods between different manors, in general, kenchucho records, in regard to a unit of 3.3 sq.m. of cultivated field, the address, dimensions, given amount of tax from the land, and the name of naukenin (cultivator assigned to the piece of land), as well as the tally for each item inserted at the end.
- 貫は通貨の単位(1000文。江戸時代には一般的に省陌法と称して960文。明治時代には10銭)としても用いられたので、区別のために質量の方は貫目、通貨の方は貫文と呼んだ。
- As the kan was also used as the currency unit (1 kan equals 1,000 mon; in the Edo period, 1 kan equaled 960 mon under the Shohaku method [currency exchange rate in Edo period]; in the Meiji period, 1 kan equaled 10 sen), the kan for representing mass was called kanme, while that for representing the currency was called kanmon, to make clear the difference between them.
- 弓射に於いて、ユガケの作りの善し悪しは行射の善し悪しに直接関わる極めて重要な要素であり、また、長年使い込まれ射手の手に馴染んだユガケはそう簡単に新調出来るものではない。
- In kyusha, the good or ill of making of a yugake is very important because it directly relates with the good or ill of shooting and the yugake which has long been used and fitted in the hand of a shooter can not be easily renewed.
- 正教会(ギリシャ正教)の一員たる日本正教会は、日常用語においても各種著作物においても、「祭」(まつり)もしくは「お祭」(おまつり)との言葉を単独で使う事を全く避けない。
- The Japan Orthodox Church, one of the members of Orthodox Church (Greek Orthodox Church), never avoids singularly using the term 'matsuri' or 'omatsuri' in the everyday language and in various works.
- このため規模こそ日本国内で屈指のものであるが、防備のための城というよりも、権威づけ、政治色の強い城ではあったため、単純な虎口、竪堀などはなく防御施設は貧弱と言われている。
- Consequently, although it was one of the largest castles in Japan, it is said that it did not have simple Koguchi (castle entrances) or Tatebori (moats parallel to mountain slopes), and there were not enough defense facilities, because the castle was built for politics and to show their power rather than to defend against the attacks of enemies.
- 反対に貞観式では序文(現在は『類聚国史』所収)に式とは別に儀式次第を作成することが明記されており、「貞観儀式」(もしくは単に「“儀式”」)がそれにあたると考えられている。
- In contrast, Joganshiki (Palace regulations of the Jogan era) stated in the preface (presently contained in 'Ruiju kokushi' - Classified National History) that the prescription of rules and customs was provided separately from shiki (Regulations) -- 'Jogan Gishiki' (or, simply 'Gishiki') was considered to be that prescription.
- 続いて行われた検地・刀狩も、その目的には兵農分離、すなわち体制の一部として天下人に従う武士と、単なる被支配者である農民とに国人・地侍を分離し、解体することが含まれていた。
- The following land survey and Sword Hunt included the aims of heinobunri, that is, the separation and dissolution of kokujin and jizamurai into the warrior class who followed tenkabito as a part of the framework and the farmers who were merely ruled.
- このような、今日でいう「民間」の醸造技術者のことを酒師(さかし)といい、また酒を造り販売した店を造り酒屋(あるいは単に「酒屋」とも。区別については酒屋の項を参照)という。
- Such brewing specialists who were equivalent to modern-day 'private' brewing experts were called sakashi (which literally means 'sake master'), and stores which brewed and sold sake were called tsukuri-zakaya (which means 'sake brewer and seller,' and they were also simply called 'sakaya' (sake shop). Refer to the section of Sakaya for the difference between them).
- ハフト・スィーン haft sīn と呼ばれる、リンゴ(sīb)、ニンニク(sīr)、酢(serke)など単語の頭文字が س ではじまる物を7つ揃えて祝う習慣などがある。
- In Iran, there is a custom called haft sīn to celebrate the new year with seven items whose names all start with س, including apple (sīb), garlic (sīr), and vinegar (serke).
- 再興した者はその家の戸主となり廃絶家の氏を称するが、廃絶家前の財産など各種の権利を引き継ぐ訳ではないため、単に家の名を残し、本家と分家といった家系を残す程度の効果しかない。
- A person who revived a household can be the head of the family and refer to the name of the abolished family, but won't be given property, so the meaning of restoration of a family is to take over the name and retain the family line such as a head family and a branch family.
- 1930年代には、講談社の『少年倶楽部』他の子供雑誌で連載された『のらくろ』『タンクタンクロー』『冒険ダン吉』などの子供向けの人気漫画が単行本化され、ベストセラーとなった。
- In the 1930s, popular children's comics such as 'Norakuro', 'Tanku Tankuro' and 'The Adventures of Dankichi ' which were serialized in 'Shonen Club (Boys' club)' published by Kodansha Ltd. and other children's magazines became bestselling books.
- 従って確実に存在したと言えるのは「貞観儀式」のみであるが、その題名について単に「“儀式”」であるとする異説もあり、実際に「貞観儀式」という名称が用いられていたかは不明である。
- Accordingly, only 'Jogan Gishiki' was confirmed to have existed, but there was still another view that it was simply titled 'Gishiki;' therefore, it is unknown whether the title 'Jogan Gishiki' was virtually used or not.
- 鰻重単体で比較した場合、鰻の個体差により若干の差が生じるが鰻の大きさによってランク付けする場合、半身か一匹かで分ける場合、ウナギが天然か養殖かでランク付けする場合などがある。
- Ranking varies; in comparing the Unaju itself, ranks are based on the size of eel although there is a slight difference among individual eels; the ranks are also determined factors including whether the eel is served half or whole, and whether the eel is wild or farmed.
- その後時代が下ると人形は精巧さを増し、十二単の装束を着せた「元禄雛」、大型の「享保雛」などが作られたが、これらは豪勢な金箔張りの屏風の前に内裏の人形を並べた立派なものだった。
- As the time passed by, the dolls became more refined; the Genroku-bina (dolls of the Genroku era) in the costume of the juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono) and the large-size Kyoho-bina (dolls of the Kyoho era) were made, and, being displayed in front of gorgeous gold-leaf folding screens, these dairi-bina were magnificent.
- しかし名田が確立できなかった地域や、供御人・神人など名田体系では把握できなかった人々が存在したので、これらに対しても年貢などを賦課するために、在家を単位として収取したのである。
- However, the myoden system could not catch hold of some areas, nor could it catch hold of some people, such as 'kugonin' (privileged people who contributed provisions to the emperor) and 'jinin' (associates of Shinto shrines), so instead, zaike was newly introduced as the unit of taxation and labor enforcement in order to seize those areas and people.
- 「美術」という単語自体が明治時代案出の訳語であり、西洋の概念を日本に当てはめたものであった以上、「日本美術」あるいは「日本美術史」という概念もそれ以前の時代には存在しなかった。
- It was only in the Meiji period that the word 'bijutsu' itself was devised as the Japanese equivalent of the Western concept of 'art,' so the word 'Nihon bijutsu' (Japanese art) or 'Nihon bijutsu-shi' (Japanese art history) had not been seen until then.
- 李・朴は対馬藩のもたらす国書に「皇」や「勅」とあるのは単に自尊を意味するに過ぎず、朝鮮に対して唱えているのではない、受理しないというのは「交隣講好の道」に反していると主張した。
- YU and PARK insisted that the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order' written in the sovereign's message delivered by the Tsushima clan was not a statement to Korea but simply showed Japan's pride, and that to reject the acceptance of the message would be to oppose 'the way to peace and amity.'
- しかしながら、『史記』の中ですでにその原則は崩れており、匈奴や朝鮮、酷吏列伝など列侯とは到底関係ない伝がいくつも立てられおり、単に伝を連ねたものと解釈した方が良いかもしれない。
- However, the general rule was no longer existed and there were a lot of 'den' (history), which were irrelevant to 'rekko' (titled liege) in 'Shiki' such as den of Xiongnu, den of Korea and den of an unsparing officials, so it may be better to understand that 'retsuden' is just a series of 'den.'
- 第二次世界大戦前の法令で所得税法人税内外地関渉法(昭和15年法律55号)など表題に内外地という表現を含む法令があったが、外地の語は単独で用いられず、その範囲は定義されなかった。
- Among the laws enacted before the World War II, several laws included the term Nai-gaichi (the inland and overseas territories) in its title such as Nai-gaichi income and corporate taxes interference law (Act No.55 of 1940), but the term Gaichi was not used by itself and the scope of the term was not defined.
- 全ての事象は、それだけが単独で存在するのではなく、「陰」と「陽」という相反する形(例えば明暗、天地、男女、善悪、吉凶など)で存在し、それぞれが消長をくりかえすという思想である。
- It is the idea that all the phenomena do not exist independently, but exist in one of two conflicting forms, 'yin' and 'yang' (for example, light and darkness, heaven and earth, men and women, good and evil, good fortune or bad), each one repeating rise and fall.
- 松本は有坂の音節結合の法則について、「同一結合単位」という概念の曖昧さを指摘した上で甲乙2種の使い分けがある母音だけではなく全ての母音について結合の法則性を追求すべきだとした。
- Matsumoto criticized Arisaka's Laws for the combination of syllables that the idea of 'combined into one unit' was ambiguous, and insisted that the laws for the combination should be investigated in relation to all vowels, not only the vowels that had the distinction between A-type and B-type.
- また、左記はあくまで単年の排出量で比較した話であり、累積排出量で比べればその差は歴然としているため、その事にも配慮してEUなどの工業先進国は率先して京都議定書を締結したものである。
- And the above descriptions comes from the comparison in a single year emission amount and if compared in accumulated emission amounts, the difference will be obviously bigger; therefore, industrially developed countries such as EU and the like took the lead in ratification of the Kyoto Protocol.
- また「貴方が今又、単独講和と再軍備の日本でかつてと同じような戦争イデオロギーの一つの支柱としての役割を果たそうとしている」と、天皇の戦争責任や政治利用というタブーにも言及していた。
- Further, they also mentioned the Emperor's wartime responsibility as well as the political exploitation of the Emperor, which were taboo, by saying 'You are now playing a role of propping up war ideology as you did in the past under the situation where Japan is planning to conclude separate peace treaties and rearm itself.'
- 百姓、すなわち田堵負名層は公領に属する者と荘園に属する者に分かれ、荘園公領間の武力抗争の当事者となった結果、前期王朝国家に見られたような一国単位に結集する闘争形態は急速に消滅した。
- Hyakusho, i.e., the tato and fumyo class, was separated into hyakusho belonging to koryo and hyakusho belonging to shoen, and became parties of armed conflicts between shoen and koryo and as a result, the conflict forms observed in the early dynastic nation-state in which people gathered country by country disappeared rapidly.
- 延久宣旨枡(えんきゅうせんじます)は、後三条天皇が延久の荘園整理令など新立荘園整理政策の裏付けとした、1072年(延久4年)に再指定した国家公定枡のことである。単に宣旨枡ともいう。
- An official national measure that was enacted by Emperor Gosanjo in 1072, Enkyu senjimasu (also referred to simply as Senjimasu) was used to implement new manor regulation policies, including a manor regulation ordinance issued during the Enkyu era.
- こうした結果、朝鮮半島で流行していた伝染病が予防され、農地の開発等により食糧生産が増加(併合当初米の生産量が約1千万石 (単位)であったものが、20年後には2千万石へと倍増)した。
- As a result, the infectious disease that was spread in the Korean Peninsula was prevented, and food production increased (the rice production at the time of the annexation was about 10 million koku [crop yield], which increased to 20 million koku 20 years later) due to development of agricultural land.
- 日本二百名山に数えられる伯母子岳が単独で、または護摩壇山の関連ルートとして歩かれているのを一例外として、他は交通至難であることも手伝って歩く人も少なく、静謐な雰囲気が保たれている。
- Among many parts of the route, Mt. Obakodake is relatively busy because it is one of the 200 top mountains of Japan and one of routes to climb Mt. Gomadan, however, since the whole route is difficult to access, other parts of the route keep tranquil atmosphere.
- 律令制の導入により社会構造が変化し、豪族らが単なる共同体の首長から私的所有地を持つ領主的な性格を持つようになるに伴い、共同体による祭祀に支えられた従来の神祇信仰は行き詰まりを見せた。
- As the social structure changed by introducing the system of the ritsuryo legal codes, local ruling families, who were simply the head of a community, became like feudal-lords with private property, and the conventional Jingi belief supported the religious service by a community was in a deadlock.
- 「一定の時代」に存在するということは、その時代の社会構造の中に存在基盤を持つということであり、武士団の中核たる武士は、単なる武芸者ではなく一定の「社会的・階級的特質」を体現している。
- Because it lasted for a 'fixed period' it meant that it had already established a fundamental existence within society, and bushi that formed the core of bushidan embodied not simply someone who practiced martial arts, but had a fixed 'social and class aspect.'
- 首塚には、後に怨霊となる恐れがある単独の者(敵武将など)のものや、雑兵であっても多数の戦死者が出た場合(関ヶ原の戦いなど大きな戦い)のものなどがあり、今なお、全国各地に多数存在する。
- There are Kubizuka enshrining a single person (like an enemy samurai commander) who was feared to become Onryo (a vengeful ghost) later, and also there are Kubizuka enshrining many solders killed in one battle (in a huge battle like the Battle of Sekigahara) together even though they were zohyo (common soldiers); a great number of both types of Kubizuka still exist throughout Japan.
- この屯倉がある程度発達・広域展開した段階で、屯倉を拠点として、直接的に地方を把握・管轄した単位が県(コホリ)であり、のちに律令制における郡(コホリ)へと発展していったと考えられている。
- When these miyake developed and expanded to a certain size, they became the bases of kohori (written as 県 in Chinese characters), which was a unit that the central government directly administered and controlled in local areas, and it is believed that they later developed into the kohori (written as 郡) of the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
- また、マッチ箱程度の大きさのつき餅1個で飯茶碗1杯分のカロリーがあることや、個包装され保存が利く袋詰め商品であること、簡単に入手できることなどから災害時の非常食としても重宝されている。
- Tsuki-mochi is convenient as emergency food to be used when a disaster occurs, etc., because: a piece of tsuki-mochi of the size of a match box has a calorific value equal to that of a bowl of rice; bagged products are available in which each piece of tsuki-mochi is individually packaged and is able to be preserved for a long time; and tsuki-mochi is easily available.
- 11世紀になるとこの流れに、各々の国内の荘園・国衙領への一律的な課税(一国平均役)の動きが加わり、荘園と郡、郷、保に再編成された国衙領を個々の収取単位とする体制(荘園公領制)が成立した。
- Entering the eleventh century, in addition to this trend, the trend of levying tax evenly on shoen (manors) and Kokugaryo (the territory governed by a provincial government office) (called Ikkoku heikinyaku) was also generated, and the system in which tax was collected from shoen and Kokugaryo, which had been reorganized into Gun, Sato (an area within Gun) and Ho (an area within Sato), (called shoen koryo sei) was established.
- また、交差する東西の通りが、鴨川以東の短い区間にのみ存在する場合や鴨川以東で名称が変わる通りの場合は、単に「東西の通り名」のみ、または「東西の通り名+'の交差点'」で呼ばれることがある。
- If the crossing east-west street of an intersection exists only in a short section to the east of the Kamo-gawa River, or the street name changes to the east of the Kamo-gawa River, the name of the intersection is by either 'the name of the east-west street' or the combination of ''the intersection' of the name of the east-west street.'
- また古くから交易のあった中国の単位と、日本国内のものとは密接な関係があったわけであるが、呉承洛の『中国度量衡史』による隋代の1銭は4.1762グラム、唐代の1銭は3.7301グラムである。
- And in China, whose weight units influenced Japanese counterparts through commerce from ancient times, 1 sen was set at 4.1762 grams in Sui dynasty, and at 3.7301 grams in the Tang dynasty, says 'History of Chinese Weights and Measures' written by Wu Chengluo.
- 当時、国衙領からの租税収取を確保するために、国内が古代的な郡・郷から中世的な郡・郷・保という単位に再編成されていたが、これを管轄する郡司・郷司・保司に任命されたのも、主に在庁官人であった。
- At that time in Japan, to ensure the tax collection from the kokuga region, ancient units such as gun and go were reorganized into medieval units such as gun, go, and ho, and zaichokanjin were mainly appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi who supervised these units.
- 全8点の妖怪が描かれているが、単に妖怪を紹介しているのみのものから、妖怪の物語を綴ったものまであり、蕪村が日本各地を旅していた時期に、あちこちで伝え聞いた妖怪譚を描いたものと考えられている。
- A total of eight works were created, some of which simply introduce the specters, while others describe their tales, giving an impression that Buson presumably drew specters that he had heard about while traveling across Japan.
- 大学別曹は一族単位で学生の学資・生活を保障してその官界進出を助ける制度であったから、安定した勉学環境を得た大学別曹を持つ氏族出身者とそれ以外の氏族との間で「格差」が生み出されるようになった。
- Daigaku-besso was the system in which a clan as a whole ensured financial aids for schooling and the livelihood of students (their relatives) and assisted them in advancing into bureaucracy, so it resulted in a 'disparity' between people from clans that, having Daigaku-besso, could offer a stable learning environment and people from other clans that could not.
- ただし、近年では物部氏の居住跡から氏寺(渋川廃寺)の遺構などが発見され、物部氏を単純な廃仏派として分類することは難しく、個々の氏族の崇拝の問題でなく、国家祭祀の対立であったとする見方もある。
- However, due to the recent discovery of the remains of former Shibukawa-ji Temple, which was an Uji-dera Temple (temple built for praying for clan's glory) from the Mononobe clan's place of dwelling, it became difficult to categorize the clan as simply anti-Buddhist, and some say that it was a confrontation not over the matters of each clan's reverence, but over religious services over a national scale.
- 麓から頂上までを10合に分けるが、単純に高さや距離で等分しているのではなく、実際に歩いて登る際に要する時間がおおよその基準になっているため、険しい場所や坂の急な場所では1合の長さが短くなる。
- The distance from a foot of mountain to the summit is divided into 10 go, and it is not simply divided equally with the height or distance but the rough criterion is the time which it takes to climb up by walking and thus the length of 1 go is shortened in a steep place.
- 源氏物語にも種々の笛が登場するが、単に笛という場合は龍笛(竜笛)を指すことが多く、そのほかは「さくはちのふえ」(尺八)、「さうのふえ」(笙)、「こまぶえ」(高麗笛)などのように限定している。
- Various fue also appear in Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji), but the word fue usually refers to ryuteki when used alone and others are specifically called 'sakuhachi no fue' (shakuhachi), 'sau no fue' (sho [笙]) or 'komabue.'
- 恒例諸公事・同臨時・私儀・諸公事言説・禁中所々名・人体・院中・雑物・衣服・喪服・車具・文書の12の篇目に分類して約600語を採録し、その読み方を片仮名で傍書するとともに簡単な解説を付している。
- It contains about 600 words classified into twelve items of: annual public duties, extraordinary public duties, private duties, remarks on public duties, names of the places in the Imperial Palace, human body, titles of retired emperor, cloistered emperor, and nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing), sundries, clothes, mourning dress, ancient carriage parts, and documents, with reading of each appellation written beside it in katakana letters, and simple annotations.
- 地方によっては、単身者や核家族が居住するワンルーム・マンションの増加など、近隣地域と住人の関係が疎遠になる例もあり、地元神社の氏子への加入や、祭礼の寄付などをめぐり問題を生じている地域もある。
- In some local areas, relations within neighboring districts and residents have become weak mainly due to increase of one-room condos in which singles and nuclear families live, while other areas have problems over whether to become parishioners of a local Shinto shrine and contributing to rites and festivals of the shrine.
- 鎌倉時代中期の源氏物語注釈書『異本紫明抄』によると小袖ほどの丈(つまり身長すれすれくらい)で、三重(中倍のある)の仕立てで、裏には単文(ひとえもん。単衣につかうような菱文)の綾を用いるという。
- According to the 'Ihon Shimeisho,' a commentary of Genji Monogatari (The tale of the Minamoto clan) from the mid Kamakura Period, its length was about Kosode (a kimono with short sleeves worn as underclothing by the upper classes) (in other words, the length is close to one's height), made in threefold (with nakabe, a lining cloth attached between the outer material), and a hitoemon (a single design, diamond shaped design such as ones used on a single layered kimono) pattern is used on the lining.
- 日本の合戦では戦闘時、上級武士の指揮下に少人数ずつの銃手(鉄砲足軽)が組織化されて、この戦闘単位ごとに勲功を競うといった運用形態をとっていたこともあり、個々の銃手の命中率が重要視されたのである。
- At the time of a battle in Japan, gunners (teppo-ashigaru, foot soldiers fighting with firearms) were organized in small groups under the command of high-ranking warriors, and these units vied for exploits of war, therefore accuracy rate of individual gunners was of high concern.
- 明治4年10月28日 (旧暦)(1871年12月10日)から11月22日 (旧暦)(1872年1月2日)に行われた府県合併によって、各府県の管轄区域は国・郡を単位とする一円的な領域に再編された。
- Thanks to the prefecture mergers implemented during the period from December 10, 1871 to January 2, 1872, the territory of each prefecture was reorganized into the unified region that was comprised of provinces and counties.
- 8世紀初頭に確立した律令制は、個人を徴税単位とする個別人身支配(人別支配)を基本原則としており、高度に体系化された律令法典・官僚制度・地方制度や古代の戸籍制度・計帳などを基盤として存立していた。
- The Ritsuryo system, which was established in early 8th century, adopted the principle of people-based governance (ruling individuals) and existed on the basis of the highly systematized Ritsuryo code of law/bureaucracy system/local administration system as well as the family registration system/keicho (yearly tax registers) etc.
- 寄せ集めの軍勢である豊臣方は緊密な連絡を取ることができず、後藤基次隊2,800は単独で小松山に進出してしまい、伊達政宗、水野勝成ら2万以上の敵勢に集中攻撃を受け、奮戦するも壊滅、基次は討死した。
- The Toyotomi side was a jumble of army forces and unable to have close contacts; Mototsugu GOTO troop of 2,800 soldiers advanced to Komatsuyama in its single troop, which was given a concentrated attack by troops of more than 20,000 soldiers of Masamune DATE, Katsunari MIZUNO and others and the troop fought hard only to be destroyed and Mototsugu was killed.
- 前者は、「ツメ」と呼ばれる醤油ベースの液体調味料を種の上に塗って供されるものや、塩などを振って出されるものなどがある(この塩も、単なる塩ではなく、なんらかの味付けがなされた塩の場合などもある)。
- The former is served by applying soy sauce-based liquid seasoning called 'tsume' (boiled down sauce) to the surface of toppings or by sprinkling with salt (not merely salt, but salt flavored with some seasoning is sometimes used).
- 従って、個人が単に技能・資質が備わっているだけでは不十分で、実際の血縁関係、もしくは擬似血縁関係で結ばれた重代・譜第(譜代)であることが、道を有する家と認められるためには重要な要件とされていた。
- Therefore, to be recognized as a family with Michi, it was not sufficient that each member had the skill and quality but it was also necessary for it to have been continued from generation to generation in a blood relationship or by marriage.
- また福井県道・京都府道772号は福井県側に峠を越えてすぐ、京都府道・福井県道21号舞鶴野原港高浜線と重複し、福井県内で福井県道・京都府道772号の単独区間を走れる数少ないスポットともなっている。
- Since Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 becomes Kyoto Prefectural Road and Fukui Prefectural Road 21 Maizuru-Noharako-Takahama Line right at the foot of Fukui Prefecture side of the pass, Fukui Prefectural Road and Kyoto Prefectural Road 772 is quite short in Fukui Prefecture (only the section on the pass).
- しかし、雅成親王の子息である権僧正源空(法然とは別人)、澄覚法親王は「六条宮」を名乗っていないことから、六条宮家は雅成親王単独の号であったと考えられ、現在の概念の宮家とは別の物とする意見が強い。
- However, looking at the fact that the sons of Imperial Prince Masanari, such as Gon no Sojo (highest ranking priest, next to sojo) Genku (different person from Honen) and monk-Imperial Prince Chokaku, did not announce their name as 'Rokujo no Miya,' it is more strongly believed that Rokujo no Miyake was a name only for Imperial Prince Masanari, and is different from the present notion of Miyake (house of an imperial prince).
- 綿等の織物で作られた足袋は大きく伸縮することが難しいのでサイズ構成もセンチ単位だが, 編み物等ニット製品で作られた足袋は伸縮にゆとりが有るため多くはS/M/L/2L/3L/4Lとサイズ表示される。
- Concerning the size, the size of textile tabi changes every one centimeter because they are not elastic, but S/M/L/2L/3L/4L are mostly used for knitted tabi because they are elastic and each of them can be fitted for a range of foot sizes.
- 付加価値を付けることで販売単価を上げて売上高を増やす営業政策上の理由と伺えるが、反面、定番の白い越中褌を買い求める常連客の足が遠のき、「クラシックパンツ」が一過性のブームに終わりそうな懸念がある。
- It can be gathered that this is the reason on the business policy to raise the selling unit price to increase the net sales by creating added value, but on the other hand, it is feared that the regular customers who would purchase the standard white Ecchu fundoshi begin to keep away from the shops, and that 'Classic Pants' is likely to end in a quickly passing craze
- 近藤成一は、従来の議論は国家権力が単一であることを前提としているが、その前提を捨てて、国家権力の並存・対立を視野に入れるならば、鎌倉幕府の成立は朝廷から権限を受権したか否かに必ずしも関係しないとした
- Seiichi KONDO mentions that the traditional arguments depend on the assumption that the national authority was unitary, but undermining the assumption and taking the coexistence and the confrontation of national authority into consideration, the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu did not necessarily have a connection with whether it was empowered by the Imperial Court or not.
- しかし、「渡来」には単に渡ってやって来たという語義しかなく、倭国王(大王 (ヤマト王権))に帰属したという意味合いを持たないため、やはり「帰化」を用いた方が適切だとする関晃・平野邦雄らの見解もある。
- Nevertheless, Kunio HIRANO and Akira SEKI advocated that it was still more appropriate to use 'kika,' for 'torai' only signifies to come over without meaning to attribute to the King of Wa (great king [Yamato kingship]).
- これは単に伝統にこだわっているだけではなく、特に西洋人の間では「日本の寿司職人は、素手で握っても食中毒を起こさない衛生的で清潔な職人」という西洋人独特のイメージを大事にしたいという理由もあるという。
- This does not only stick to a tradition, but there is a reason that western people want to protect their own image that 'Japanese sushi chefs are as hygienic and clean not causing food poisoning even when making sushi by hand.'
- 杜氏集団は、たいてい杜氏組合を組織しているが、それは単に杜氏が名簿として登録してあるというだけではなく、同じ杜氏集団内部での酒の全国新酒鑑評会や講習会を催し、互いの腕を競い合う切磋琢磨の場でもある。
- Most toji groups join in a toji union, and it is not simply a name list of registered toji but is also utilized as a place to improve members' skills by competing with each other by holding national tasting-parties for new sake or study meetings at the internal level of toji groups.
- 四道将軍の説話は単なる神話ではなく、豊城入彦命の派遣やヤマトタケル伝説などとも関連する王族による国家平定説話の一部であり、初期ヤマト王権による支配権が地方へ伸展する様子を示唆しているとする見解がある。
- According to one explanation, the story of Shido-shogun is not merely a myth but a part of a narrative of conquest of a country by members of the royal family associated with the dispatch of Toyokiirihikono-mikoto and the legend of Yamato Takeru, thus suggesting how the royal power of the early Yamato dynasty had expanded its hegemony.
- 後嵯峨がこのような曖昧な態度をとったのは、自身が幕府の介入によって傍系から予想外の即位をした経験を踏まえ、後継者を指名しても幕府の意にかなわなければ簡単に覆されてしまうことをよく知っていたためである。
- The reason why Gosaga took such an unclear stance was based on his own experience as being unexpectedly selected from a collateral family line to ascend to Emperor due to the bakufu's intervention, and knew well that if he named a successor that was not to the bakufu's liking, it would easily have been changed by the bakufu.
- その特徴は、人数さえ集まれば、これといった道具やややこしいルールがなくとも遊べる簡単さにあり、子供の遊び道具が豊富ではなかった時代にチャンバラがしきりと行われたのはここに理由があるといっていいだろう。
- To play chanbara, only some children were necessary without any special tools and complicated rules, therefore they often played chanbara at that time when there were not so many playthings.
- しかし、あくまでも岩倉の意に沿ったというだけではなく、単にイギリスやフランスの事は自由民権派の人達が研究するだろうから、彼らが研究しないドイツを選んだ(末松謙澄充ての書簡など)という選択に過ぎなかった。
- However, it was not because of Iwakura's recommendation; instead, Ito thought that the supporters of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement would study about England and France styles, so he just chose what those supporter don't study (according to letters for Kencho SUEMATSU).
- 私領といってもその地の課税が免除される訳ではないが、国衙は旧来の郡とは別の、新しい徴税単位として、特別な命令書により税を軽減し、開発領主の私領領有を認め、同時に開発領主がその地の納税義務を負うことになる。
- Even though it is called a private estate, it did not mean that one was exempt from tax, but Kokuga were treated differently from former districts as a separate tax unit, lowered tax under a special order, permitted cultivating land owners to have their own private estates, and the kaihatsu-ryoshu gained the responsibility to collect other taxes simultaneously.
- 明楽は清楽に押されて早くに衰退したこともあり、日本で単に「月琴」と言えば、清楽で使う月琴(写真参照)を指す(阮咸(明楽の月琴)と清楽の月琴の形状の差異については、清楽の頁の「明清楽器」の図を参照のこと)。
- As Ming-era Chinese music declined early under the pressure of Xing-era Chinese music, if they simply mention 'gekkin,' it means gekkin used for Xing-era Chinese music (refer to photographs) (For the difference in appearance between 'ruanxian'(gekkin for Ming-era Chinese music) and gekkin for Xing-era Chinese music, refer to figures of 'Ming and Xing-era musical instruments' on the page for Xing-era Chinese music.)
- 氏族単位での技能・学術の「世習」による継承は大和時代以前の日本の氏族において見られる現象であるが、律令制のもとではこうした方法を排除して公的機関である大学寮・典薬寮・陰陽寮において教育を行う制度を採用した。
- Handing down skills and learning by 'Seshu' (hereditary) within the clan was a phenomenon seen among Japanese clans before the Yamato period, but under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) these customs were abolished and the education system at public institutions such as Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education), Tenyakuryo (the Bureau of Medicine), and Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination) was adopted.
- これに伴い、明治4年(1871年)の新貨条例では質量の単位には匁が公式に採用され(ただし、第二次大戦前までは銭も併用されていた)、匁は貫の1000分の1と規定され、1匁=3.756521グラムと定められた。
- Instead, monme was officially adopted as the weight unit by the New Currency Act in 1871 (though sen was used in parallel before World War II) and 1 monme was equalized with a thousandth kan, and the weight of 1 monme was set at 3.756521 grams.
- の南鐐二朱銀発行以降、次第に両を基軸とする、分、朱の単位をもつ計数銀貨が増加し始め、1837年の一分銀発行に至って、丁銀のような秤量銀貨を凌駕するようになり、銀貨は小判の通貨体系に組み込まれることになった。
- After the issue of Nanryo Nishu silver coins in 1772, the amount of circulation of denomination silver coins with the unit of ryo (a base unit), bu and shu, began to increase, and in 1837, when Ichibu gin silver coins were issued, these coins came to surpass that of the currencies by weight, such as chogin, so silver coins were incorporated in the currency system of gold coin (koban).
- これらの支配力は単に一都市に限らず、京都所司代は山城国・丹波国・近江国など、大阪町奉行は西日本諸国の天領の采配がそれぞれ許されるなど、管轄地の諸大名を監察する役目もあった(京都所司代は朝廷も監視していた)。
- This shogunate agency grasped control of not merely to the appointed city, but also of the surrounding areas, so the governor of Kyoto (Kyoto Shoshidai) controlled Yamashiro Province, Tanba Province, Omi Province and so on (as well as put the imperial court under its surveillance, and the town magistrate of Osaka (Osaka machi-bugyo) was allowed to manage the shogunate demesne in the western Japan.
- 1928年(昭和3年)3月、山口の所属する新派劇団「新潮座」と牧野省三率いるマキノ・プロダクションが提携して、山口の主演映画を2本撮ったのをきっかけに、同年4月、山口は「新潮座」を脱退してに単独で入社した。
- In March of 1928, triggered by being featured in two films while he was in the new school drama group called 'Shinchoza' that was partnering with Shozo MAKINO's Makino Productions, YAMAGUCHI left the group on his own and joined Makino Productions in April.
- また歌論『ささめごと』において、一般人が単に「姿の優ばみたること」を幽玄と心得るのに対し、「古人の幽玄体と取りおけるは、心を最用とせしにや」として美意識ともいうべき「心の艶」が条件として伴うものとしている。
- Also in his poetry criticism 'Sasamegoto' (Murmurings) he wrote 'for ancient people the most important thing in Yugen was heart' and having aesthetic appreciation while ordinary people consider Yugen only as 'something that has deep flavor.'
- 中世熊野詣において京の院や貴族たちが熊野に赴いた際のように、九十九王子を順拝し参詣の道を歩く行為それ自体に信仰上の意義が見出す立場からは、これらの高野・熊野を結ぶ道は単に最短経路という以上のものでしかない。
- Like the imperial family and nobles of Kyoto in the Muromachi period visited Kumano, people in the Edo period visited Kujuku Oji (a series of shrines which were established from the 12th century to the 13th century by the Kumano Shugen priests) and walked the pilgrimage roads, however, for the people who appreciated the religious significance of such visiting and walking, the roads connecting Koya and Kumano were just the shortest routes for their purpose.
- もし、洋酒のように、まず糖化をしてから次にアルコール発酵を行う単行複発酵をすると、20度のアルコールを造るためには高濃度のブドウ糖液にならざるをえず、薄い水飴のようになって、酵母が活動できなくなってしまう。
- If adopting the process of alcoholic fermentation after saccharification used for foreign liquors, the concentration of glucose has to be high to produce alcohol with 20 percent alcohol content, which will turn into weak starch syrup and stop the yeast activity.
- 古代の戸籍制度・班田収授法などによる律令制的な人別支配の維持が困難となっていた当時、国司は公田を名田という単位へ再編するとともに、有力農民層(田堵という)へ名田の経営と名田からの租税徴収を請け負わせていった。
- At that time, it became difficult to maintain control over each person like in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), based on a family registration system and Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land), and therefore, kokushi (provincial governors) reorganized Koden (fields administered directly by a ruler) into myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) and came to entrust the work of managing myoden and collecting taxes from there to powerful farmers (called tato).
- 確かに国民皆兵性のような1戸(行政上の単位、平均30人ぐらい)から1名、年間60日の軍事訓練を受けるという段階では歩兵の比率が高そうに思えるが、騎兵部隊も確認され、軍事力の中核はそちらが担っていたようである。
- Certainly, there seemed to be a higher ratio of foot soldiers by looking at mandatory military service where one member of a family (average of around 30 members for the administrative unit) had to go for less that sixty days of military training and service, but it was the confirmed presence of cavalry that held the central military power.
- 延喜式においては、畿内周辺及び沿岸諸国を中心とした22ヶ国より貢進が行われ、大炊寮に対して白米17,330石 (単位)ともち米260斛、内蔵寮に対して黒米200斛、民部省に対して黒米500斛の貢進が行われた。
- 'Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) states that about 22 provinces surrounding Kinai and the coastal provinces donated 17,330 koku of white rice and 260 koku of mochi rice to the Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens under the Ministry of the Imperial Household), 200 koku of black rice to the Kuraryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses) and 500 koku of black rice to the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs).
- 江戸幕府はスペイン・ポルトガル勢力をアジアから追放しようとするイギリスとオランダの商人によってこの情報を得て、家康の積極外交から鎖国に方針転換したと考えられている(家光が単に外国嫌いであったという説もある)。
- It is believed that the Edo Bakufu changed its policy to seclusionism after obtaining this information from merchants of Britain and the Netherlands who were aiming to oust Spanish and Portuguese power from Asia, even though the Edo Bakufu during the era of the Ieyasu TOKUGAWA shogunate had positive relations with foreign countries (another theory suggests that Iemitsu was simply a xenophobia.)
- なお水木の妖怪画では『鬼太郎』に登場するキャラクターのように、2つの目と2本の腕を持つ布の姿で描かれているが、これはあくまで創作であり、実際の伝承や後述の目撃談では目も腕もなく、単に布に似た飛行物体とされる。
- In Mizuki's paintings of ghosts, Ittan-momen is portrayed as a creature having two eyes and two arms, as well as other characteristics in 'Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro,' but this is only Mizuki's imagination, so in real folklore and from descriptions by witnesses below, Ittan-momen is said to be just a cloth-like flying object, having neither eyes nor arms.
- これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監(もくげん)が設置され(ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置)、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
- It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
- 博打をしながら片手間に簡単に食べられるものはないかと言う発想から生まれた(イギリスのサンドウィッチ伯が大好きなトランプゲームをしながら手軽に食べられる物はないかという発想で生まれたサンドウィッチと発想は同じ)。
- Tekkamaki came into being out of an idea of developing food which a gambler could easily eat while gambling (same as in the case of sandwich which came into being out of the idea that Earl of Sandwich in England wanted to develop food which he could eat easily while playing his favorite card games).
- 一般に「単独で設立された宗教法人」の意味と理解されているが、一説に寺院の僧堂内にある各僧侶1人1人のスペースを「単」といい、そこから1寺院を単になぞらえ、宗派という集団から独立した状態を指すようになったともいう。
- In general, the term Tanritsu is understood as 'a religious corporation that is set up independently,' however, one theory holds that they linked one temple to 'Tan,' the space that every priest has in a meditation hall at a temple, to create the term Tanritsu to express a condition in which one is independent from a religious school.
- これらの事業により、仏教に関連するものが多く発掘されたことから、これまで仏教に対して厳しい姿勢を取っていたと思われていた信長が実はかなり寛容であり、単に宗教と軍事とを分離しようとしていただけという説も出始めている。
- A lot of relics relating to the Buddhism were excavated by these projects, which established a new theory that in fact, Nobunaga was quite tolerant toward Buddhism and only tried to separate religion and military affairs, although he had long been believed to be strict in Buddhism.
- それは、国衙が支配する土地(公田)を名田(みょうでん)という単位に再編し、当時、経済力をつけていた田堵と呼ばれる富豪層(有力百姓層)に名田経営を請け負わせることで、租税収入を確保する体制(名体制という。)であった。
- The government established the system of rule (known as myo taisei) aimed at ensuring the collection of tax revenues by reorganizing government land (public farmland) into units called myoden and by hiring influential farmers called tato, who had accumulated considerable wealth during the period, to manage the myoden.
- 一つの都道府県に複数の運輸支局・自動車検査登録事務所がある場合、管轄区域をあまり考慮せず、単に所在地の都市名から名称を取ることが多く、釧路・和泉の場合は、所在地が旧国名をそのまま名乗る市であったに過ぎないと言える。
- In case that there are plural Transportation branches and Car Inspection & Registration Offices, they often take names from city names in their locations and it can be said that in cases of Kushiro and Izumi, their locations only happen to be the cities which bear the names of old provincial names.
- 租税としての「所当」も本来は適切に賦課された官物・雑役・地子などの租税のことを指していたが、12世紀初頭頃より、単に「所当」をもって(公事や臨時雑役などの臨時の賦課に対する)正規の賦課を意味する言葉となったのである。
- Shoto,' which meant tax, originally indicated taxes properly levied such as kanmotsu (produce tax), zoyaku (miscellaneous labor services), and jishi (land tax); but from the beginning of the 12th century, 'shoto' solely meant a regular levy (in contrast to such extraordinary levies as kuji and extraordinary odd-jobs).
- しかし、延喜年間になると諸国の国衙はそれまでの国内公田(口分田・乗田など)の直接支配から、その公田を名(みょう)という単位に分割し、それぞれの名の経営を当時「富豪の輩」と呼ばれていた田堵に請け負わせる体制に移行した。
- In the Engi era, however, kokuga in various provinces shifted the system from the conventional direct control over koden (field administered directly by a ruler, such as kubunden or joden) in the territory to a new system in which the koden was divided into units called myo, and the administration of each myo was contracted out to tato that was called 'rich class' in those days.
- 正税帳や平城宮跡から発掘された木簡などによって、天平年間にはシステムとして確立されていたこと、貢進は5斗(1俵)単位で行われたこと、ウマを用いて輸送する場合には1頭あたり3俵を運ぶと決められていたことが判明している。
- The Shozeicho and wooden tablets found from the Heijo site have shown that this was established as a system around the Tenpyo era and donations were made in units of 5 'to' (1 hyo/pyo), and it was determined that 3 hyo/pyo per head was to be transported if using a horse.
- それに加えて、18世紀後半の産業革命によって欧米諸国は急速に近代化しており、それぞれの政治経済的事情から大航海時代の単なる「冒険」ではなく、自らの産業のために資源と市場を求めて世界各地に植民地獲得のための進出を始めた。
- In addition to the above, western countries modernized rapidly through industrial revolution in the latter half of the 18th century, and for their own political and economic reasons, started debouching into various places around the world to acquire their own colonies for the purpose of seeking resources and markets for their own industries, rather than for the simple purpose of 'adventure' during the Age of Geographical Discovery.
- ただし、柴田勝家や羽柴秀吉、明智光秀など、その方面軍司令官たちが擁する兵力は、上杉や毛利など、一大名の兵力をはるかに凌ぐ大兵力であり、つまり総司令官が謀反を起こして織田政権から独立しようと企てれば、簡単にできたのである。
- However, the military capability of such commanders as Katsuie SHIBATA, Hideyoshi HASHIBA and Mitsuhide AKECHI was much larger than that of an ordinary daimyo, and therefore, if a commander in chief plotted a rebellion, it was easy to carry out.
- 武士の人口は、参勤交代に伴う地方からの単身赴任者など、流動的な部分が非常に多く、その推定は20万人程度から100万人程度までとかなりの幅があり、最盛期の江戸の総人口も68万人から150万人まで様々な推定値が出されている。
- Estimates for the samurai residing in Edo vastly ranges between two-hundred thousand and one million due to many fluctuating factors such as the unaccompanied assignments of regional samura in accordance to the requirements of the Sankinkotai system, and the total population for Edo during its apex has ranged from 680,000 to 1.5 million.
- しかし、錦絵新聞同様の平易な文章と内容に、錦絵より作成に時間のかからない単色ずりの挿絵を組み合わせた小新聞(こしんぶん)が発行されるようになると、これに押されて錦絵新聞は誕生から10年もたたないうちにほとんど姿を消した。
- However, when ko-shinbun (small newspaper) began to be issued which combined therein simple texts and contents same as those of nishiki-e-shinbun, and illustrations printed in one color which needed less time to print than nishiki-e prints, nishiki-e-shinbun was overwhelmed by the ko-shinbun and most of nishiki-e-shinbun newspapers disappeared less than ten years after their appearance.
- 合戦においては、そのローコストさが非常に使いやすかったらしく(河原にいけば、簡単に石は確保出来た)また、熟達した兵士が使用した場合は弓よりも飛距離があった上、甲冑の上からでも衝撃が伝わったと言うことで、多用されたらしい。
- In the battle, the slinging was frequently used because it was low-cost (stones were always available at the riverside), the slings operated by skilled soldiers carried stones further than allows did, and the stone could damage the body even through the armor.
- 元々の坪量は尺坪あたりの重さを匁で表したもの(3.75 g/0.09183 m² = 40.83 g/m²)であったが、今日では1平方メートルあたりの重さをグラム単位で表したメートル坪量・米坪(べいつぼ)が用いられている。
- Original tsubo-ryo described the weight of paper per tsubo-shaku by the weight unit, monme (or momme; 3.75 grams over 0.00918 square meters equals 40.83 grams/square meters) but today's tsubo-ryo is the unit describing the weight of a paper in gram per 1 square meter, which is now called as meter tsubo-ryo or bei-tsubo.
- 上述の単位に区画された土地において、里の横列を「条(じょう)」、里の縦列を「里(り)」とし、任意に設定された基点から、縦方向には一条、二条、三条と、横方向には一里、二里、三里というように、明快な位置表示が可能となっていた。
- For the land divided into the units described above, the horizontal row of ri was called 'jo' and the vertical row of ri was called 'ri,' and from the base point that was arbitrary set, each section could be clearly indicated such as ichi-jo, ni-jo, and san-jo (first jo, second jo, and third jo) vertically and ichi-ri, ni-ri, and san-ri (first ri, second ri, and third ri) horizontally.
- 謀議が事実であったかどうかは当時でも疑問視する向きが多く、西光と成親が清盛の呼び出しに簡単に応じていることから、平氏側(清盛)が院近臣勢力を潰すため、もしくは山門との衝突を回避するためにでっち上げた疑獄事件の可能性もある。
- Whether there in fact were any secret plans was questioned even at that point and since Saiko and Narichika readily attended to Kiyomori's call, there is a possibility that it was a plot by the Taira clan (Kiyomori) to destroy close aides of the cloistered government or evade confrontation with the Sanmon.
- チャンバラには、ルールや規則といったほどのものはなく、もっとも簡単な場合、それぞれが自分の好きな役に扮して「刀」で打合うというようなものであり、手の込んだものでも、せいぜい正義の味方役と悪人方にわかれるくらいものであった。
- There were no rules or regulations in chanbara, and in the easiest way children just acted their favourite roles battling with 'swords' and even in more elaborate way, children were just divided into two sides such as heroes and evil strangers.
- 尊王論が日本に受容されるに際して、日本では天皇が「王」であり、江戸幕府の征夷大将軍が「覇」であると読み換えられたが、天皇は単なる国王ではなく皇帝であるという優越意識を踏まえて「尊皇」という漢字に置き換えて用いることもあった。
- At the time when imperialism was introduced into Japan in the Edo Period (the period during which the Tokugawa shogunate ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867), the tenno (emperor) was advocated as the 'king' and the shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate was the 'military ruler'; despite this, sometimes the Chinese character meaning emperor was used instead of 'king', based on assumptions of superiority, that the emperor was more than a mere 'king'.
- 具体的には、単に兵動員を許可する「発兵勅符」に代わって群盗を積極的に鎮圧しようとする「追捕官符」を発出するとともに、国単位で押領使・追捕使を任命して、国内の武勇者を国衙・押領使・追捕使の指揮下に入ることを義務づけたのである。
- More specifically, the Imperial Court not only issued 'a charter to catch thieves' to aggressively suppress robbers instead of 'a charter to send troops' to simply permit troop mobilization, but also appointed oryoshi (suppressors) and tsuibushi (envoys to pursue and capture) for each province and required brave local individuals to be under control of kokuga, oryoshi, or tsuibushi.
- 西園寺は古い元老制度を廃止するためあえて元老の追加には同意しなかったが(山本権兵衛などが候補としてあげられた)、五・一五事件による政党内閣の崩壊と軍部の台頭、自身の高齢化によって西園寺単独による後継選定は不可能な状態となった。
- SAIONJI chose not to give his consent to add a new genro, (even though some, such as Gonbe YAMAMOTO, had been nominated) because he was trying to abolish the old genro system; however, it became an impossible task for him to select a successor on his own, because of the party cabinet's collapse and the military emergence resulting from the May 15th Incident as well as his own aging.
- 薬莢基部は単純な構造であるため、個人レベルの小規模な量であれば家内生産で製造できなくもないが、小規模とはいえ軍が戦闘で使用する量を確保するには専用の大量生産設備が不可欠であり、同様の設備は当時の日本国内には存在していなかった。
- Since the base of the cartridge has a simple structure, domestic production may supply enough for a small amount of individual use, but equipment for mass-producing the cartridge case was required to supply for an army, if small, to use in battle; and there was no equipment in Japan equivalent to that in Kagoshima in those days.
- 一方、単価の高い小ロット品の生産を得意とする京漆器では米糊などを添加しないため、下地材全体に対する漆の割合が50重量%程度(wet重量、固形分では60重量%程度)と、樹脂分の高い下地を施すためコストはかかるが堅牢な器ができる。
- On the other hand, in the case of Kyo-shikki good at production of small lots with a high unit price, percentage of lacquer in the whole foundation is about 50 percent by weight (wet)/60 percent by weight (dry) because rice glue is not added, so the artifacts are costly but durable thanks to foundation which contains much resin.
- 一方江戸幕府は御定相場として慶長14年(1609年)に、金1両は、銀50匁(約187グラム)、銭4貫文(4,000文 (通貨単位))に等価と布告し、後の元禄13年(1700年)に、金1両は、銀60匁(約225グラム)、銭4貫文と改正した。
- Meanwhile, Edo bakufu set the mint par of exchange, proclaiming in 1609 that 1 ryo of gold was equalized to 50 monme of silver (about 187 grams), or to 4 kanmon (or 4000 mon) of copper, then later in 1700, proclaimed again that 1 ryo of gold became 60 monme of silver (about 225 grams), or 4 kanmon of copper.
- しかも三井高泰の長男高篤(元三井物産取締役)は、三井総領家である北家十代の三井八郎右衛門(高棟)の妹礼子を妻にしているので、住友家と三井家の閨閥のつながりは、単に一族と一族との結合ではなく、本家と総領家が直接に結びついた本格的なものである。
- Moreover, since Takayasu MITSUI's eldest son Takaatsu (the torishimariyaku of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.) married Reiko, who was younger sister of Hachiroemon MITSUI, the tenth-generation Hokke, being the Mitsui Soryo-ke family and heir, the Keibatsu, Keibatsu blood connection between the Sumitomo and Mitsui families is not only a simple bond between one family and another family but is also a genuine connection directly connecting the Honke and Soryo-ke families and heirs.
- 土地には耕作権を意味する「作職」、年貢徴収請負権の「名主」、荘園領主への年貢納入を請け負う「地頭職」などが重層に存在し、さらに国衙や守護職が令制国単位で影響力を及ぼしていたため、武士の主従関係も一対一の単純なものであるとは限られていなかった。
- There was a multilayered structure of rights claimed for a land including 'saku-shiki' which meant the right of cultivation, 'myoshu' which referred to the right to collect land taxes, and 'jito-shiki' which was responsible for paying out land taxes to the lord of the manor; besides, as the provincial government office and the military governor possessed influence on each province, master-servant relationships among samurai were not necessarily a simple one-to-one relationship.
- その際、既に内地に施行されていた大日本帝国憲法(以下、単に「憲法」という)の効力がその後に統治権を取得した地域に対しても及ぶかという形式的な問題(具体的には、外地の立法につき憲法5条の規定により帝国議会の協賛が必要か否かという問題)が生じた。
- At that time, a formal question arose about whether the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (hereinafter referred to as 'the Constitution'), which had been enforced in the inland, could be applied to the regions where Japan acquired sovereignty after the enforcement of the Constitution (More specifically, the question is about whether the legislation of Gaichi needed the consent of the Imperial Diet in accordance with Article 5 of the Constitution).
- この期間、国内税率を一律固定化する公田官物率法が導入されたり、小規模な名田に並行して広く領域的な別名が公認されるようになったり、大規模事業の財源として一国単位で一律に課税する一国平均役が成立するなど、社会構造に変革を及ぼすような政策がとられた。
- During this period, some policies, which affected the social structure, were developed: the Koden kanmotsu rippo, which fixed the domestic tax rate, was introduced; bechimyo (large territories including mountains and forests) was authorized alongside small-sized Myoden; Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on every private estate in one province) in order to get financial resources for large-scale projects.
- その後、織田氏の家督は信長の嫡孫・織田秀信が継いだが、秀信は豊臣秀吉の傀儡にすぎず、また清洲会議により、信長の旧領はことごとく織田家臣団によって分割相続されたため、織田政権、というより織田氏自体が、政権から単なる一大名に転落してしまったのである。
- After which, Hidenobu ODA, the legitimate grandson of Nobunaga, took over as head of the family, but he was just a puppet of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and due to the results of the Kiyosu conference, Nobunaga's former territories were all divided and succeeded by his vassals, so the Oda clan itself fell from power and was reduced to the status of an ordinary daimyo.
- 「美術」という日本語の単語は西洋語からの翻訳語であり、1873年(明治6年)、当時の日本政府がウィーン万国博覧会へ参加するに当たり、出品する品物の区分名称として、ドイツ語のKunstgewerbeの訳語として「美術」を採用したのが初出と言われている。
- The Japanese word 'bijutsu' is the translation of the Western word that means 'art,' and in A.D. 1873, the then Japanese government participated in the Vienna International Exhibition, and used for the first time 'bijutsu' as the translation of the German word 'Kunstgewerbe' in order to distinguish Japanese exhibits from others, they say.
- この時代の寄親・寄子関係は、単に戦いへの一時的な参加を頼む・頼まれるという当座の関係から、寄親が寄子に所領や扶持を与える「給人的寄子」まで幅広く、更に大名が自己の寄子である有力武士に彼ら自身の寄子に与えるための所領(寄子給)が与えられる場合もあった。
- There were a wide range of Yorioya/Yoriko relationships in those days, from a temporary relationship of asking/being asked to participate in the battle to 'kyunin (upper class retainers)-like Yoriko' to whom Yorioya gave shoryo and salary, and in addition, sometimes there were cases where daimyo gave the dominant samurai, their own Yoriko, the shoryo (yorikokyu) to be given to the dominant samurai's Yoriko in turn.
- しかし、江戸時代に存在した、たとえば灘と丹波杜氏に見られるような、蔵元集団と杜氏集団の集団単位での深いつながりは、全国的にみると今日ではめずらしいものになっており、同じ町にある複数の酒蔵のあいだでも、迎え入れている杜氏の流派はまちまちであることが多い。
- However, a close relation at a group level between a brewery group and a toji group, such as the relation which existed in the Edo period between the Nada district and Tanba Toji, is rarely seen throughout the country at present, and it is not unusual for several breweries in one town to have toji from various schools.
- この中では単純に西洋の文化・風俗を模倣したものから、或いはそれら文化や風俗を手本としながら日本の既存文化との融合を図ったもの、更には既存文化を西洋風にアレンジしたものなど多岐に渡り、過渡期的には熱病の如き流行となって様々な社会階層に受け入れられていった。
- There were wide variety of ways how the movement took shapes within Japanese society, from the simple imitation of Western culture and customs, to the absorption of those elements as the model cases for fusing with traditional Japanese culture, or rearranging the traditional Japanese culture into Western styles; the movement became an enthusiastic trend during this transitional phase, received by wide variety of people among different social levels.
- 球茎を粉状(実際には単に球茎を粉砕した荒粉とマンナンを精製した精粉に分かれ、コンニャク製造の際は双方を混合して用いる)にして水とともにこねたあと石灰乳(石灰(ここでは消石灰のもの)を少量の水で懸濁したもの。水酸化カルシウム水溶液)を混ぜて煮沸して固める。
- Konnyaku can be made by grinding corms into powder (in fact, two types of powder, roughly ground konnyaku corm powder and refined mannan powder, are mixed together in producing konnyaku), kneading the two types of powder with a little water to make konnyaku paste, adding milk of lime (a suspension of lime (here slaked lime) in a little water: an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide) to the paste, boiling and solidifying it.
- 本来小数を表す漢数字は10分の1を分(ぶ)、100分の1を厘、1000分の1を毛(もう)で表すが、日本では1/10を表す歩合は「割」であり、これを基準にそれぞれ10分の1、100分の1とするため割合としての単位は100分の1が分、1000分の1が厘となる。
- Originally, for decimals in Chinese numeral, a tenth is represented as bu, a hundredth as ri, and a thousandth as mo, while a rate to represent a tenth is 'wari' in Japan which is the base of the rate unit, and a hundredth becomes bu and a thousandth ri.
- 「武士団」を単なる一般用語としてではなく、「武士」とは別の歴史用語としてあつかうならば、その範囲は11世紀後半から15-16世紀までの、イエ軍団をその類型として、それが戦国時代の、農村から生まれた「寄子」衆に置き換えられていったとも整理することが出来よう。
- If 'bushidan' is treated not simply as a simple term but an historical term different from 'bushi,' it could be organized as it ranged from the late eleventh century to the fifteenth to the sixteenth century as a similar form of family army and replaced by 'Yoriko' originating from farming villages of the Sengoku Period.
- また744年(天平16年)を境に、宮名が「信楽宮」(続日本紀では「紫香楽宮」)から「甲賀宮」へと変化しており、これは単なる離宮から甲賀寺と一体の都とされたことにより宮名が改められたか、離宮の紫香楽宮とは別に宮町遺跡の地に甲賀宮が造営されたものとも言われる。
- In addition, after 744, Miya (palace) name was changed from `信楽宮' (Shigaraki) to `甲賀宮' (Koka no miya), it is said that the Miya (palace) name was revised as the detached palace was united with Koga-ji Temple to become a capital, or Koka no miya was built and operated in the palace town of palace ruins apart from Shigaraki no miya in the detached palace.
- 地域の事情により古くから大工と言う職業が多数存在する地域もあったが、自治単位の人口の少ないところでは、十分の付き合い(相互扶助のこと村八分と言う言葉で知られる)の一つとして建前(上棟)には人手がいるためお互い様として地域住民が積極的に手伝う事が当然であった。
- In some communities there were traditionally many carpenters, while in other communities with smaller populations, it was natural that the residents would be proactive in supporting each other when building the framework of a house (framework raising) which is very labor intensive, and due to the social obligation called jubu-no-tsukiai (adequate relationship) those who did not cooperate may be ostracized or become 'murahachibu.'
- 同法によれば過料には3貫文もしくは5貫文の(一般的な)「過料」、10貫文の「重き過料」、本人の財力に応じた「身上に応じ過料」、本人の家の規模(財力に準じる)に応じた「小間に応じ過料」、地域単位で罰する場合石高に応じた「村高に応じ過料」の5つの事例に整理された。
- According to the law of Kujigata-osadamegaki, the penalty of Karyo was organized into five cases; 'Karyo' was three kanmon (3 kanmon = 30 yen) or five kanmon (5 kanmon = 50 yen); 'A heavy Karyo' was ten kanmon (10 kanmon = 100 yen); 'Karyo adjusted by wealth (or fortune)' was dependent on a personal financial position (or wealth); 'Karyo adjusted by Koma (a small room which used as a measurement unit to calculate the scale of the house)' was dependent on the scale of the personal household (adjusted by wealth); 'A Karyo adjusted by Muradaka (total yields of a village)' was dependent on Kokudaka (a system for determining land value for tribute purposes in the Edo period) of the region when law enforcement would punish a particular region in total.
- 太閤検地においては、上田を1石 (単位)5斗、中田を1石3斗、下田を1石1斗としてランクが1つ落ちるごとに2斗ずつ下げる方法(2斗下り)が採用され、屋敷地は1石2斗を基準とすること、下々田・畠・河原などについては「見計い」とされ、検地担当者の裁量によるものとされた。
- In the Taiko Kenchi (land surveys conducted by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), the method for ranking rice paddies was to reduce 2 To (36 liters) when the rank of the rice paddy is downgraded by one (also known as 'Nitokudari,' literally meaning 'reduction of Two To'); rice paddies that produced 1 Koku and 5 To (about 270 liters) was ranked as high grade, those that produced 1 Koku and 3 To (about 235 liters) as medium grade, and those that produced 1 Koku and 1 To (about 198 liters) as lower grade; while the standard for residential areas was to be 1 Koku and 2 To (about 216 liters), other fields known as 'mihakarai,' such as bottom-ranked rice paddies, fields and riverside fields were left to the discretion of the person in charge of the land survey.
- ただし、これらの指摘は三代格式と対となる三代儀式の編纂あるいは存在が否定されたに過ぎず、格式の編纂も「儀式」の編纂も律令法の補完を目的として行われた事業であり、格式の編纂と単独事業として行われた内裏式や貞観儀式の編纂との間には、何らかの関連性があったと考えられている。
- The above indications, however, merely denied that the Sandai Gishiki corresponding to the Sandai Kyakushiki were neither compiled nor did they exist, and it was still accepted that both the compilation of Kyakushiki and the compilation of 'Gishiki' were projects taken for complementing the ritsuryo law and that compilation of the Kyakushiki had some relationship to the compilation of Dairi shiki and Jogan Gishiki each of which were a single project.
- これは本来質量単位としての一両の目方の砂金と言う意味であったが、鎌倉時代には金一両は五匁、銀一両は4.3匁と変化し、文明 (日本)16年(1484年)、室町幕府により京目(きょうめ)金一両は4.5匁(約16.8グラム)と公定され、それ以外のものは田舎目(いなかめ)とされた。
- This meant gold dust in weight of 1 ryo which was originally a mass unit, but in the Kamakura period kin 1 ryo was 5 monme and gin (silver) 1 ryo was 4.3 monme and in 1484 the Muromachi bakufu determined Kyome kin 1ryo as 4.5 monme (about 16.8 gram) and the others as inakame (unit of measure in old Japan).
- 「条」とは、郡・郷よりさらに小さい規模の領域を示す単位であり、郡規模あるいはそれ以上の範囲に領域支配を展開する他の東国有力武士団である三浦氏・千葉氏・小山氏・秩父氏などは、どれも何代か前から多くの有力な一族を各地に分派させているが、北条氏にはそうした一族が少しもみられない。
- A 'jo' is a unit of area smaller than a 'gun' (county) or 'go' (village), and unlike other major armed groups in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) who ruled territories of 'gun' or larger area (e.g. the Miura, Chiba, Koyama and Chichibu clans) and had been scattering their powerful branch families across Togoku since generations before, the Hojo clan did not have any such branch families.
- なお、中国では、周の天子(王)を「王」のモデルとしていたことから、本来「尊王」と書くが、尊王論が日本に受容されるに際して「王」とは天皇のことであるという読み換えが行われたことから、天皇は単なる国王ではなく皇帝であるという優越意識を踏まえて「尊皇」に置き換えて用いることもある。
- While the Chinese character '王' was used in '尊王' (Sonno) in China because 'O' (王) was modeled after the Emperor of the Zhou, Sonno was also written as '尊皇' because '王' had meant the 'Emperor' (皇) in Japan who was not just a King but someone more revered since Sonnoron (Imperialism) was accepted in Japan
- 胸部分(胴胸)は硬い芯材を革で覆った構造を持ち、胴打撃を受け止める腹・腋下部分(胴台)はプラスチックや竹、バルカナイズドファイバー(英:vulcanized fiber、板紙を重ね合わせて特殊工法で圧縮したもの。単にファイバーとも称する)などの非常に丈夫な素材で作られている。
- The chest cover part (domune) has a structure that a hard core material covered with leather, and the abdomen and axillary parts (dodai) where players receive strikes to the Do is made of very strong materials such as plastic, bamboo, or vulcanized fiber (layers of paper board compressed with special method. Simply it is called fiber).
- 日記の家では歴代の当主が単に日記を執筆したり所持するだけでなく、家記から写本や抄本、部類記の作成や内容の研究を通じてそこに書かれた有職故実の内容を吸収するとともに、家記の喪失を防いで朝廷の官吏あるいは摂関家の家司・家礼として奉仕できる体制を整えることで家名の安定を図っていった。
- In such 'houses with diaries,' beyond simply having the family head of each successive generation record and then maintain ownership of a diary, family members would also make manuscript copies, abridged versions, and indices (by topic or category) of the house diary, and gain a thorough understanding and knowledge of court practices through research into what was recorded therein; moreover, such families also tried to guard against the possibility of losing their house diaries by setting up a governmental system in which they themselves could serve the Imperial Court as officials or the Sekkanke (the line of regents and advisors) as keishi (clerks and household superintendents) and karei (house retainers), thereby aiming to keep their family name stable and secure.
- 鏡山は、政庁域を方四町、観世音寺域を方三町と推定した場合、両者の南辺を東西線上に一致させることができること、かつその場合の政庁東辺と観世音寺西辺の間が二町となることをもって、一町を単位とする造成企画の存在を想定し、その適用範囲を広げると周囲の道路や畦畔に合致するものが多いことを指摘。
- Assuming the government district was 方四町 and the Kanzeon-ji Temple district was 方三町, Kagamiyama pointed out that the southern border of them could be aligned on an east-west axis, and also he found that the distance between the eastern border of the government district and the western border of the Kanzeon-ji Temple district was equal to two Cho (approx. 218 meters), then he made a hypothesis that a city development plan based on the Cho unit existed and that many peripheral streets and causeways would match with the idea when he expanded the coverage of the plan.
- なぜなら、朝鮮との国交問題そのものは未解決であること、伊地知正治のように征韓派でも政府に残留した者も存在すること、そして天皇の勅裁には朝鮮遣使を「中止」するとは書かれず、単に「延期」するとなっており、その理由も当時もっとも紛糾していたロシアとの問題のみを理由として掲げていたからである。
- Because, the issue of diplomatic relations itself with Korea was unsolved, and there's a remains existence who was a Seikan-ha (supporters for subjugation of the Korea) like Masaharu IJICHI, and, in the imperial decision made by the emperor, it wasn't mentioned to 'cancel' dispatching an envoy to Korea, but simply said to 'postpone' it, and the reason they stated was only the problem with Russia that has been the most tangled at that time.
- 主人の軍事行動に当たり家来が手勢を引き連れ参陣し、又は戦場において軍功を挙げた場合(奉公)、主人はこれに対し、その「参陣」「軍功」が単なる私闘・私戦ではなく正当性のある「公戦」におけるものだと認定し、御恩と奉公御恩したり、新領地を恩賞として与えたり(御恩と奉公御恩)すべきものとされていた。
- When vassals participated in military action initiated by their lord with their own soldiers or showed their military exploits on the battlefield (contributing service), the lords were in return required to recognize 'participation' and 'military exploits' of the vassals not for their own private battle or war but for a legitimate 'official battle' in order that they be granted favor and compensated for their service, or receive new territory as a reward (the granting of favor and compensation for service).
- 正確な数値を出すのが難しい理由は、いまや簡単な精米機が家庭でも所有され、玄米のままで食べる人、三分搗き(づき / つき)、五分搗き、七分搗きで食べる人など精米歩合は無限に細かくすることができ、なおかつ、どこから先を「白米」と考えて食べているかは結局、消費者本人の感覚によっているからである。
- The reason why it is difficult to find the accurate numbers is that the rice-polishing ratio can be infinitely subdivided under the current circumstance where simple rice-milling machines are installed in some homes and some people eat brown rice without polishing and others eat rice after thirty percent threshing, half threshing or seventy percent threshing, and that after all the boundary of 'polished rice' depends on the sense of the consumer.
- なお、敗軍の将である京極高次に対して、家康はあの立花宗茂をよく押さえてくれたということから、関ヶ原後に高次の弟・京極高知を使者として高野山に派遣し、大名としての復帰を許しただけではなく、若狭国一国小浜城9万2000石 (単位)の所領を与えるなど、宗茂を大津城に引き付けたことを大いに賞賛したという。
- On the other hand, Takatsugu KYOGOKU received great praise from Ieyasu for attracting Muneshige TACHIBANA to Otsu-jo Castle and containing him there, so much so that after the Battle of Sekigahara he sent Takatomo KYOGOKU, Takatsugu's younger brother, to Koyasan and not only allowed him to return as a daimyo but also gave him the territories of Obama-jo Castle, comprised of 92,000 koku (unit), in Wakasa Province.
- しかし、単に八幡山、稲荷山、大塚山、茶臼山、車塚、船山、宮山などと称する地名は各地にいくらでもみられ、時には同郡、同国内に複数存在する場合もあるので、どこの八幡山かを区別するために、井辺八幡山古墳、埼玉稲荷山古墳、江田船山古墳、百舌鳥大塚山古墳などと大字またはそれより上位の地名を付して呼称するのが通例である。
- However, there are many different places with the same name across Japan, for example Hachiman-yama mountain, Inari-yama mountain, Otsuka-yama mountain, Chausu-yama mountain, Kuruma-zuka tumulus, Funa-yama mountain and Miya-yama mountain, and these names exist in many places and sometimes there are exactly the same names in a county or within an area of an old province; therefore, to distinguish the difference in those cases, usually the name of the oaza or higher rank names (such as the prefecture name) will be added to the original names, for example Inbehachiman-yama mountain Kofun, Inari-yama mountain Kofun, the Eta Funa-yama mountain Kofun and Mozuotsuka-yama mountain Kofun.
- なお、「大輪田」の地名は津泊の意におこるとも理解されており、上記河尻泊の所在した摂津国神崎川の河口にも「千船駅」の地名があるのをはじめ日本列島各地に同様の地名がのこり、そうしたなかで単に「大輪田」といえば概ね務古水門のことをさすのは、この地が古くから最重要港湾として認められていたことを示しているとも考えられる。
- And the place-name 'Owada' is considered to have semantically originated from staying at a ferry and similar place-names remain across Japanese islands like a place-name 'Chibune-eki' which exists in the mouth of Kanzaki-gawa River in Settsu Province in Kawajiri no tomari mentioned above, and among them, simply 'Owada' mostly refers to Muko no minato, which is, they think, because this land was regarded as the most important port (ferry).
- 小鼓との神経戦である乱拍子(間をはかりながら小鼓に合わせ一歩ずつ三角に回る;大きな間をとるので、ラジオ放送では放送事故 - 無音時間過長 - になったこともある)から一転急ノ舞になる迫力、シテが鐘の中に飛び込むや鐘後見が鐘を落とすタイミング、鐘の中で単身装束を替え後ジテの姿となる変わり身と興趣が尽きない能である。
- This Noh pieces contains many interesting essences, including the dynamic change from the ranbyoshi (dancer takes measured steps in triangular formation to match the beat of the kotsuzumi [shoulder drum] – the lengthy pauses have caused radio broadcasting incidents, due to the maximum time of silence allowed being exceeded) which is a contest of nerves with the kotsuzumi to the kyu no mai (high-tempo dance), the superb timing for the koken (stagehands) to drop the bell after the shite jumps into it, and the shite changing costume inside the bell unassisted to appear as the nochi-jite (lead role of latter half).
- 液晶タッチパネルで客が注文すると、注文したものが流れてきて到着を知らせる店や、(その液晶には単に商品名が記載されているものの他、魚が海底で泳ぐ映像が流れ、目当ての魚を選択する事で注文が成立するというものがある)カウンター上部に湯飲みが回っているコンベアがあったり、カウンター内部に皿回収用のコンベアが別途回っている店がある。
- There are also shops where customers can order by means of a liquid crystal touch panel that informs them when the item they ordered has arrived by showing an image of their order swimming (there are some types of liquid crystal touch panels that display a menu showing images of fish swimming in the sea from which customers can select the fish they wish to order, etc.), as well as shops with a conveyer belt for carrying tea cups and those with a separate conveyer belt that travels on the inside of the counter to collect dishes.
- 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
- Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.
- 平安時代中期になると、開発領主が自らの土地をこの不輸租田にするために寺社や上級貴族に寄進するようになる(寄進地系荘園)が、不輸租田の指定には勅許とそれに基づく太政官符及び民部省符からなる公験が必要とされており、それらが揃った不輸租田によって構成された荘園を官省符荘、単に国司が承認したために事実上の不輸租田の対象となっていたものを国免荘田と呼ばれた。
- In the mid Heian period, kaihatsu ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) began to donate their land to temples or high-ranking aristocrats in order to make their land fuyusoden (donated-type of shoen [manor]); however, they were required to submit kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi [provincial governor] or Gunji [local magistrate] for transfer of the ownership of private property) consisting of daijokanpu (official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) and minbushofu (official document issued by the minister of minbusho) based on the chokkyo (the imperial sanction) to have their land designated as fuyusoden -- Shoen which consisted of fuyusoden with the complete set of documents submitted was called Kanshofu sho (a shoen enjoying immunity from taxation by virtue of having official documents from both the Council of State and the Ministry of Popular Affairs), and shoen which was virtually treated as fuyusoden merely with approval of kokushi was called kokumen shoen (provincially exempted shoen).
- 越中褌が究極の形状であることから、昔からデザインの変化がないことで、材質や色か柄でしか商品として差別化ができないこと、白色が定番の越中褌では色物や柄物では極端に需要が少なく採算に合わないこと、個人でも縫製できるものであるため、単価も安く利益率が低いこと、他の下着と比べて需要の伸びが大きく見込めず、設備投資に見合う大量販売が見込めないことなどである。
- The seasons are: (1) as Ecchu fundoshi has the ultimate shape in its kind, the design has not changed for a long time, manufacturers can only make a difference in material, color or pattern; (2) as the most typical color for the fundoshi is white, there is extremely limited demand for other colors or patterns, and thus making a difference cannot be paid off; (3) since this is not so difficult to make, as they were made at home in the previous period, the price and profit rate should be low accordingly; and (4) it's hard to expect a large sale that can pay off the capital investment, as it's hard to expect a growing demand in comparison to other undergarments.
- これは、ロシア側へいかなる弱みともなることをも秘密にしようとした日本政府の政策に加え、新聞以下マスコミ各社が日清戦争を引き合いに出して戦争に対する国民期待を否応なしに煽ったために修正がきかなくなっていたこともあり、国民の多くは戦争をしている国力の実情を知らされず、目先の勝利によってロシアが簡単に屈服させられたように錯覚した反動から来ているものである。
- The discrepancy between popular sentiment and government policy is due to the fact that the Japanese Government adopted a stringent policy of secrecy to keep any information that could reveal national weaknesses from falling into Russian hands; The media including newspapers used the example of the Japanese victory in the Sino-Japanese War to fan the flames of war without regard to national sentiment, and inadvertantly built up jingoistic mood which could not be easily reversed; and finally, the majority of citizens were not aware of the true nature of Japan's national strength and erroneously believed that Japan easily defeated Russia in battle.
- なにしろ、そもそもは「風流を好む人」または単に「好事家」という意味だった「好き兵衛」(すきべえ)という語を「助平」(すけべい)と読んで、意味も「好色な」と変えてしまったり(これが「スケベ」の語源)、「おっとり者で世間知らず」という意味の「順禄」(じゅんろく)という漢語を「甚六」(じんろく)と読んで「総領の甚六」という新語を作ってしまうのがお江戸である。
- Edo was a place where people changed the word 'Sukibei' that originally meant 'a man of refined taste' or simply meant 'a dilettante' into 'Sukebei' with the new meaning 'lecherous,' which is the etymology of the modern word 'Sukebe' meaning 'a lecher, and coined from a Japanese Word of Chinese Origin 'Junroku' that means 'a placid person who is ignorant of the world' the new word 'Jinroku' with the meaning 'a dunce' in a phrase 'the eldest sons is proverbially a dunce,' for example.
- しかし薩英戦争や下関戦争において外国艦隊との力の差に直面したことにより、単純な攘夷論に対する批判が生じて、津和野藩の国学者大国隆正らによって唱えられた国内統一を優先して、外国との交易によって富国強兵を図ってでも、諸外国と対等に対峙する力をつけるべきだとする「大攘夷」論が登場した事によって、これを受け入れた攘夷運動の主力であった長州藩・薩摩藩の主張も事実上開国へと転向していくのである。
- However, as Japan faced the power difference from the foreign fleets during the Anglo-Satsuma War and Shimonoseki War, criticisms to the simple Joi ron arose and was replaced with Dai joi ron started by Takamasa OKUNI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in the Tsuwano Domain; Takamasa claimed that unification of the whole nation should be the first priority and should gain power that the country can confront other nations equally even by aiming fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) through trades with foreign countries; The Choshu Domain and Satsuma Domain, the major drive of the joi movement, accepted this view and started directing themselves for the opening of the country to the world.
- これらのグループは、1924年10月に大同団結する(『三科(三科造形美術協会)』)も、間もなく1925年には瓦解し、1925年の『造形』(浅野、神原、岡本、矢部、吉田、吉邨、作野金之助、吉原義彦、斎藤敬治、飛鳥哲雄(1895年-1997年)、牧島貞一ら)、1926年の『単位三科』(中原、大浦、仲田定之助、岡村蚊象(山口文象、1902年-1978年)ら)といったグループの動きを経て、次第に次のとおり分裂していった。
- Although these groups united for a common purpose in October 1924 (as 'Sanka' [Sanka-Zokei-Bijutsu-kyokai]), they soon collapsed in 1925 and gradually split (as below) after the movements of the groups such as 'Zokei' (Asano, Kanbara, Okamoto, Yabe, Yoshida, Yoshimura, Kinnosuke SAKUNO, Yoshihiko YOSHIHARA, Keiji SAITO, Tetsuo ASUKA [1895 - 1997], Teiichi MAKISHIMA, and others) in 1925 and 'Tan-i Sanka' (Nakahara, Oura, Sadanosuke NAKATA, Bunzo OKAMURA [Bunzo YAMAGUCHI, 1902 - 1978], and others) in 1926.
- 特にレトルト食品のハンバーグに関しては、調理が簡単である(一度焼いたハンバーグをそのまま、又はソースと共に封入する事で、湯煎するだけで食卓に出す事ができる)事と、少々の材料面における味の不備も漬け込むソース (調味料)でフォローできる事、衛生的な生産工場(セントラルキッチン)による大量生産によって非常に安価に製造できる事により、ファミリーレストランにおいては、主力メニューであると同時に、収益率の高い商品となっていることが多い。
- In particular, retort hamburger patties often become a breadwinning menu as well as a highly profitable goods in family restaurants due to some merits; quick and easy cooking (hamburger patties can be served on the table just by 'yusen' (warming the containing vessels in hot water) a retort hamburger patty which is once broiled, and enclosed or with a sauce together in a pouch), sauces (seasonings) masking the bland taste of low quality ground meat, and extremely low cost results from mass production in clean factories (central kitchens).
- その一方で、平安時代中期の著作である『政事要略』が書名を『貞観儀式』とせずに『儀式 貞観』としているのは、当初からこの書名は『儀式』と称されており、『政事要略』は単に脚注として編纂年代である元号の「貞観」を付記したに過ぎないこと、『本朝法家文書目録』は今日では存在が疑問視されている三代儀式の存在を前提に書いており、実際には存在しなかった弘仁儀式を掲げるなど正確性に疑問があるとして、正式な書名は『儀式』であるとする森田悌らの説も存在する。
- On the other hand, Tei MORITA etc. asserted the official book title must be 'Gishiki' arguing that the author of 'Seiji yoryaku,' compiled during the mid-Heian period, used 'Gishiki Jogan' instead of 'Jogan gishiki' in order to add the era name of 'Jogan' in which the book was compiled while acknowledging the title of the book was 'Gishiki' from the very beginning, and that the credibility of 'Honcho hoka monjo mokuroku' is doubtful because it was written on the premise of the existence of Sandai gishiki whose existence is questioned at present and it listed Konin gishiki (ceremony in the manner of the Konin era) which, in reality, did not exist.