Honyaku Star - Search: 南北

南北: 1000 Terms and Phrases

南北
south and north
Nanboku
Minamikita
north and south

南北朝
Northern and Southern Dynasties (in Japan: 1336-1392 CE, in China: 420-581 CE)

城南北
Jounankita

南北条
Minamikitajou

南北線
Nanbokusen
North–South Line

南北極
the north and south geographic poles

東西南北
east, west, south and north

南北戦争
Civil War
Nanbokusensou
American Civil War

南北問題
North-South problem
North-south problems
North–South divide

城南北町
Jounankitamachi

食満南北
Kemananboku

鶴屋南北
Tsuruyananboku
Nanboku TSURUYA

南北一雄
Nanboku Kazuo

南北朝鮮
Nanbokuchousen

南北指数
meridional index

南北対話
North-South dialog

南北朝時代
period of the northern and southern dynasties (in China, 5th-6th c. CE in Japan, 1336-92)
The Period of the Northern and Southern Courts
Northern and Southern Courts Period

全羅南北道
Zenrananbokudou

南北朝合一
The Unification of the Southern and Northern Courts

志賀南北線
Shiga-nanboku Route

南北国時代
North South States Period

地下鉄南北線
Chikatetsunanbokusen

南北円卓会議
North South Round Table

南北サミット
North-South summit

南北戦争後の
post-bellum

大南北作。
Written by Dainanboku
Written by Dainanboku.

南北朝正閏論
Northern and Southern Courts Controversy
The Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron

南北の通り。
The street runs north and south.
It runs north-south.

八幡市南北線
The Yawata City North-South Bus Route

南北朝時代。
These were made in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts of Japan.

南北アメリカ
North and South America

南北経済回廊
Kunming–Bangkok Expressway

MRT南北線
North South MRT Line

南北首脳会談
Inter-Korean Summit

魏晋南北朝時代
Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties period (220-589 CE)
The period of Wei and Jin in the Northern and Southern Dynasties
Period of Disunity

南北二宗見性門
Nanbokunishukenshomon

鶴屋南北作。
Written by Nanboku TSURUYA

南北朝合一以降
After the unification of Southern and Northern Courts

南北朝成立まで
Background leading up to the establishment of the Northern and Southern Courts

南北朝正閏問題
The Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron problem

通称：大南北。
His commonly used name was Daibanboku.

南北戦争の原因
Origins of the American Civil War

南北戦争の戦闘
Battles of the American Civil War

南北戦争の人物
People of the American Civil War

営団地下鉄南北線
Eidanchikatetsunanbokusen

南北朝-室町時代
Northern and Southern Courts period to Muromachi period

南北朝・室町時代
The periods of the Northern and Southern Courts and Kamakura
The Period of the Northern & Southern Courts and the Muromachi Period

南北朝頃の作か。
The work is said to be produced in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan.

南北朝時代創建。
Established in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan)

南北朝時代の元号
Era names of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts

鎌倉・南北朝時代
The Nose clan during the Kamakura and Northern and Southern Courts period

南北朝－戦国時代
the period of the Northern and Southern Courts - the Sengoku period (period of warring states)

南北戦争中の南軍
the southern army during the American Civil War

南北戦争中の北軍
the northern army during the American Civil War

アメリカ南北戦争
American Civil War

東京メトロ南北線
Tokyo Metro Namboku Line

東京地下鉄南北線
Tokyo Metro Namboku Line

南北朝時代の人物。
Tomosada UESUGI was a person who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

鶴屋南北 (初代)
Nanboku TSURUYA (the first)

通称：孫太郎南北。
Commonly used name: Magotaro Nanboku

南北朝鮮の間の戦い
a war between North and South Korea

朝鮮語の南北間差異
North–South differences in the Korean language

仙台市地下鉄南北線
Sendai Subway Nanboku Line

朝鮮半島の南北関係
North Korea–South Korea relations

安倍氏（南北朝時代）
The Abe Clan (The Period of The Northern and Southern Courts)

南北朝時代・室町時代
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Nuromachi period

南北朝時代 (日本)
The Nanbokucho Period
Period of Northern and Southern Courts
Nanboku-chō period

南北朝時代以降の権限
Authorities after the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts

鶴屋南北 (4代目)
Nanboku TSURUYA
Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth)

権力強化と南北朝合一
Strengthening of Power and Integration of the Northern and Southern Courts

鶴屋南北 (2代目)
Nanboku TSURUYA (the second)

鶴屋南北 (3代目)
Nanboku TSURUYA (the third)

鶴屋南北 (5代目)
Nanboku TSURUYA (the fifth)

南北の通り（寺御幸）
North-South Streets (Teragoko)

南北アメリカの西部の
of western North and South America

南北朝時代 (中国)
Southern and Northern Dynasties

南北線 (ベトナム)
North–South Railway (Vietnam)
North-South Railway

6.15南北共同宣言
June 15th North–South Joint Declaration

南北戦争のネーミング
Naming the American Civil War

札幌市営地下鉄南北線
Namboku Line (Sapporo)

鎌倉・南北朝・室町時代
The Kamakura period, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and the Muromachi period

師家の子孫と南北朝争乱
The descendants of Moroie and the conflict of the Northern and Southern Courts

南北朝時代から室町時代
From the Period of the Southern and Northern Courts to the Muromachi Period

近代以前の南北朝正閏論
Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron before the modern era

南朝の成立と南北朝併立
The Establishment of the Southern Court and Concomitant Existence of the Southern and Northern Courts

別名：初代南北孫太郎。
Another name: the first Nanboku Magotaro (孫太郎)

上杉憲房（南北朝時代）
Norifusa UESUGI (lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts).

上杉憲孝（南北朝時代）
Noritaka UESUGI (the period of Northern and Southern Courts)

南北戦争以前の米国南部
the South of the United States before the American Civil War

南北戦争での南軍の将軍
Confederate general in the American Civil War

南北アメリカを含む半球
the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

西部戦線 (南北戦争)
Western Theater of the American Civil War

東部戦線 (南北戦争)
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

主軸を南北に取っている。
The principal axis is oriented north and south.

作者不詳、南北朝時代～。
Author unknown, from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)時代
The period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan)

建武の新政から南北朝動乱
From Kenmu Restoration to the Turbulence of the Northern and Southern Courts Period

別名：二代目南北孫太郎。
Another name: the second Nanboku Magotaro

別名：三代目南北孫太郎。
Another name: the third Nanboku Magotaro

日本は南北に長い国です。
Japan is a very long country from north to south.

南北戦争中の連合国の首都
was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

南北戦争における戦い一覧
List of American Civil War battles

南北朝時代 (ベトナム)
Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam

南北戦争を題材とした作品
American Civil War fiction

南北朝時代 (日本)の人）
He was in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts [Japan])

九州の情勢と南北朝合一まで
The status of the conflict in Kyushu, and the events leading up until the unification of the Southern and Northern Courts

南北朝の争乱での武士の拡大
The expansion of samurai during the disturbances of the Northern and Southern Courts.

アメリカ南北戦争中の境界州
a border state during the American Civil War

南北戦争中の南部連合の1つ
one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

太平洋岸戦線 (南北戦争)
Pacific Coast Theater of the American Civil War

南北朝時代の人物 (日本)
People of Nanboku-chō period Japan

南北の二区画に分かれている。
It is separated into the two areas of north and south.

南北には珍しい時代物である。
A historical drama ('jidaimono' in Japanese) is unusual for Nanboku.

（阡陌は南北・東西の道の意）
('Senpaku' refers to roads that run north-south and east-west.)

金ヶ崎の戦い (南北朝時代)
Battle of Kanegasaki (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts)

薩た峠の戦い (南北朝時代)
The Battle of Sattatoge (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts)

南北朝時代における基本史料。
It is the basic historical material for the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

千本通が駅東側を南北に走る。
Senbon-dori Street is located in the north-south direction on the east side of the station.

石灯篭2基 - 南北朝時代。
2 stone lanterns: the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北戦争（1862年）の海戦
a naval battle of the American Civil War (1862)

南北戦争中の南部連合国の1つ
one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War
one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

南北朝分裂の過程の時代である。
There was a process to accommodate separation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

南北朝時代～江戸時代の下冷泉家
The Shimo Reizei family from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Edo Period

南北朝時代～江戸時代の上冷泉家
The Kami Reizei family from the Northern and Southern Courts Period to the Edo Period

南北朝時代 (日本)の人物一覧
A list of prominent figures of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts

鎌倉時代・南北朝時代 (日本)
Kamakura period/Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan)

鎌倉時代・南北朝時代・室町時代
Kamakura Period and Period of the Southern and Northern Courts.

彼は南北戦争の歴史書を書いた。
He wrote a book about the American Civil War.

南北戦争中（1863年）の戦い
a battle of the American Civil War (1863)

南北戦争の戦場跡が多くある場所
site of numerous battles during the American Civil War

特に南北戦争の前の期間に属する
belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War

南北に走るマンハッタンの大通り
an avenue in Manhattan that runs north and south

南北戦争中の戦い（1864年）
battle of the American Civil War (1864)

南北アメリカの最古の都市の1つ
one of the oldest cities in the Americas

南北戦争後、彼は自由の身だった
after the Civil War he was a free man

南北戦争物語愛と自由への大地
North and South (TV miniseries)

南北朝合一後の動静は不明である。
His comings and goings after the unification of the Southern and Northern Courts are unknown.

南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to Muromachi period

南北朝時代_(日本)から室町時代
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period

南北朝時代（日本）から増加した。
The phenomenon increased from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北戦争はいつ始まったのかしら。
I wonder when the Civil War started.

南北戦争中のユニオン刑務所の敷地
site of a Union prison during the American Civil War

米国（特に南北戦争時の北部の州）
the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War)

ニューバーンの戦い (南北戦争)
Battle of New Bern

原則として南北の通りを先に付ける。
The name of the north-south street comes first.

南北方向：烏丸通（国道367号）
In the north-south direction: Karasuma-dori Street (National Route 367)

南北朝時代 (日本)の公家である。
He was a court noble in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

相馬重胤 (鎌倉時代・南北朝時代)
Shigetane SOMA (during the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts).

なお八幡市南北線は一般路線である。
This Yawata City North-South Bus Route was the publicly demonstrated route.

その小説は南北戦争を軸にしている。
The novel is centered on the Civil War.

南北アメリカの大西洋沿岸で見つかる
found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas

神戸電鉄有馬線・神戸高速鉄道南北線
Shintetsu Arima Line

ヨークタウンの包囲戦 (南北戦争)
Siege of Yorktown (1862)

南北朝時代（439年 - 589年）
Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (439 - 589)

南北方向 - 烏丸通（国道367号）
North-south direction - Karasuma-dori Street (National Route 367)

南北の破風に四畳半之御座敷両方在之。
There were two four-and-a-half-mat Japanese rooms in the south and north of the castle tower, with the gable roofs respectively.

南北は六条通と旧花屋町通の間にある。
North and south, it is between Rokujo-dori Street and the former Hanayacho-dori Street.

その後南北朝時代 (日本)に廃れた。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), it became almost extinct.

アメリカ南北戦争時の連邦軍のメンバー
a member of the Union Army during the American Civil War

南北戦争以前に奴隷制度を禁じていた州
any state prohibiting slavery prior to the American Civil War

ニューオーリンズの戦い (南北戦争)
Capture of New Orleans

広義には、南北朝文化を含むことがある。
Broadly speaking, Muromachi culture occasionally includes the culture of the Northern and Southern Courts.

この時代を南北朝時代 (日本)という。
It is called the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

鎌倉時代から南北朝時代にかけての人物。
He lived during Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

2009年3月南北線の試行運行終了。
In March 2009, the test operation of the Yawata City North-South Bus Route was ended.

こうして南北朝時代 (日本)が始まる。
These events led to the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北戦争中に北軍を救い、奴隷を解放した
saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves

アメリカ南北戦争時の南部連合国軍の軍人
a soldier in the Army of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

アメリカ南北戦争の間の激しい戦いの場面
scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

米国の南北戦争以前の時代のホイッグ党員
a member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil War

大きさは南北に10m、東西に13mある。
It measured 10 m from north to south, and was 13 m from east to west.

冬以外の気候ならば南北方向に立てられる。
When the products are grown other than winter, une is made from south and to north.

成立は南北朝時代_(日本)と推定される。
It is believed to have been compiled during the Northern and Southern Court period in Japan.

南北朝時代 (日本)、山内上杉家の一族。
A member of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
A member of Yamanouchi-Uesugi family in the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

また八幡市南北線と接続するダイヤである。
The timetable of the Community Bus Yawata was set up by considering the connection of the route with the Yawata City North-South Bus Route.

太子道以外は奈良盆地を南北に貫いている。
These roads penetrate the Nara Basin in a north-south direction, except the Taishi Michi.

阿弥陀如来立像 - 南北朝時代 (日本)
Standing statue of Amida Nyorai: Created during the Northern and Southern Court period (Japan)

南北戦争における主要な戦い（1863年）
a major battle in the American Civil War (1863)

アメリカ南北戦争の重要な闘い（1862）
an important battle in the American Civil War (1862)

アメリカ南北戦争時代の南部連邦側ゲリラ兵
a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil War

南北戦争の前の北と南の印象的な分割ライン
symbolic dividing line between North and South before the American Civil War

南北のすぐれたアレンジぶりがうかがわれる。
Nanboku's exquisite arranging skills can be seen here.

小辺路は紀伊山地を南北に縦走する道である。
Kohechi is a road that runs north and south in the Kii Mountains.

後に南北平和統一委員会副委員長として活動。
Bokuretsu was later actively involved in the Korean peace effort as the vice-chairman of the peaceful unification committee of the Korean Peninsula.

位置ハ中央部ニ一箇所南北部ニ各々一箇所トス
One of them shall be located in the central region, and one each in the northern and southern regions.

佐井通（さいどおり）は京都市の南北の通り。
Sai-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

浄瑠璃寺流記事 - 南北朝時代 (日本)。
Joruri-ji Ruki no Koto: the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

創建時に近い南北朝時代の建立と推定される。
Estimated to have been constructed during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts soon after the temple's founding.

南北朝時代には後醍醐天皇の勅願所とされた。
The temple was used as Emperor Godaigo's place of imperial prayer during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

回廊の規模は東西85m、南北89mである。
The corridor measures 85 meters from east to west and 89 meters from south to north.

アメリカ南北戦争における天王山（1863）
a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863)

南北アメリカの太平洋沿岸産の草本の小さな属
small genus of herbs of Pacific coast of North and South America

南北戦争における南部同盟の勝利（1863）
a Confederate victory in the American Civil War (1863)

彼は南北戦争時の米国のすべての州を訪問した
he has visited every state in the Union

東西に数百m、南北に1kmほど広がっている。
The hill stretches a few hundred meters from east to west and about a kilometer from north to south.

第二次世界大戦後における南北朝時代を巡る議論
Debate on the Nanbokucho Period after World War II

14世紀頃は南北朝時代 (日本)と呼ばれた。
The 14th century is called the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan).

鎌倉後期～南北朝期にかけての成立と見られる。
It seems to have been completed from the late Kamakura period to the Southern and Northern Courts period.

『太平記』　南北朝時代を書く古典、軍記物語。
'Taiheiki,' a classic military epic about the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

姥尉輔の名で鶴屋南北 (5代目)に師事する。
He became a disciple of Nanboku TSURUYA (the fifth) with a pseudonym Josuke UBA.

鶴屋南北 (5代目)の門人、1806–81。
Joko SEGAWA the third (1806-1881) was a pupil of Nanboku TSURUYA (the fifth).

同じ行に記した通りは南北の同一直線上にある。
Roads listed in the same sentence are located in line with each other in the north-south direction.

木造興正菩薩坐像 - 南北朝時代 (日本)。
Wooden seated statue of Kosho Bosatsu - the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

この都市は、南北両プラット川に挟まれている。
built between the two arms of the river,

かつて南北カロライナに住んでいたスー族の一員
a member of the Siouan people formerly living in the Carolinas

大阪市営地下鉄御堂筋線・北大阪急行電鉄南北線
Osaka Municipal Subway Midosuji Line Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway Namboku Line

南北朝時代の元号は、北朝 (日本)で表記する。
The era names for the Northern and Southern Courts are according to the Northern Court (Japan).

1392年南北朝時代 (日本)が統一された。
1392: The one-emperor system was reestablished in Japan ending the era of the two-emperor system in the Nanbokucho period.

佐藤進一は『南北朝の動乱』においてこう書いた。
Shinichi SATO wrote in 'The Confusion of the Southern and Northern Imperial Courts' as follows.

南北朝時代 (日本)には鎮守府将軍が復活する。
The Chinju-fu shogun title was restored during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

バーモント州を通じて南北に延びるアパラチア山脈
a range of the Appalachian Mountains that extends from south to north through Vermont

アジア・アフリカ・南北アメリカにすむメクラヘビ
blind snakes of Asia and Africa and Americas

構造は中央の母屋の東西南北に庇を付した形になる。
The Shishinden has Moya (an enclosed main room) in the center and a hisashi (an unenclosed veranda) to the north, south, east and west of the Moya.

南北朝時代 (日本)には2つの元号が並行して存在
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), two different gengo coexisted simultaneously.

- 南北朝時代の和歌にも詠まれる、約2万本の梅林
This is a Japanese plum forest, referenced in poetry written in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, with around 20,000 Japanese plum trees.

ただし、南北通りが主要な通の時は南北を先にする。
However, the name of the north-south street comes first if the north-south street is the main one.

区のほぼ中央を南北に京阪国道（国道1号）が通る。
Keihan-Kokudo (National Route 1) runs from south to north through the center of the ward.

作者：並木五瓶、鶴屋南北 (4代目)、河竹黙阿弥
Writers: Gohei NAMIKI, Nanboku TSURUYA the fourth, and Mokuami KAWATAKE

南北朝期、田楽能は猿楽を圧倒して最盛期を迎える。
In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, Dengaku reached the peak of its activities, overwhelming Sarugaku.

米国南北戦争の最終軍事行動（1864年−65年）
the final campaign of the American Civil War (1864-65)

長辻通 - 橋の北詰から嵐山地区を南北に貫く道路。
Nagatsuji-dori Street: This street begins at the north end of the bridge and runs through Arashiyama from north to south.

（南北朝時代の懽子内親王は光厳天皇退位後に入内。）
(Imperial Princess Kinshi in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts entered into the Imperial Court after Emperor Kogon abdicated the throne.)

主軸は南北であり、東西の側面に高低差が出来ている。
The principal axis is oriented north and south, and there is a difference in height between the east and west sides.

墳丘の四辺がほぼ正確に東西・南北方向に沿っている。
Four sides of the tumulus are oriented almost exactly in the east and west direction and the north and south direction.

また、南北朝時代 (日本)には一時期分裂していた。
It was temporarily schismatized during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代に菊池一族は後醍醐天皇の南朝方にあった。
During the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Kikuchi clan supported the Southern Court of the Emperor Godaigo.

南北朝時代 (日本)には、醍醐寺の荘園が置かれた。
The manor of Daigo-ji Temple was placed in Maizuru, during the Nanbokucho Period,

著者は南北朝時代の僧玄恵とされるが、確証に乏しい。
Although it is generally considered to have been authored by Gene, a monk who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, this has not been confirmed.

文化8年 (1811) には四代目鶴屋南北を襲名。
In 1811, he succeeded to the professional name Nanboku TSURUYA VI.

有栖川は、当駅の西を南北に流れる川の名前でもある。
The Arisu-gawa River is also the waterway flowing in the north-south direction west of the station.

南北に走る東大路通の東側に対向式のホームがあった。
Opposing platforms were located to the east of Higashioji-dori Street, which runs in the south-north direction.

神宮道（じんぐうみち）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Jingumichi is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

奈良盆地の中央より東を南北に平行する三本の縦貫道。
Yamanobe-no-michi Road are three parallel roads running in a north-south direction in the eastern areas of the Nara Basin.

円覚寺舎利殿 - 国宝、南北朝時代（14世紀）建立
The reliquary hall of Engaku-ji Temple: National Treasure, constructed during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (14th century).

礼堂（重文） - 鼓楼の東にある南北に細長い建物。
Rai-do Hall (a worship hall), an elongated structure running from north to south that stands to the east of Koro Tower.

南北半球全体に広く分布している高木、低木および草本
trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres

アメリカ南北戦争最初の戦い（1775年4月19日）
the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)

南北戦争以前に奴隷制が合法だった南部の州のいずれも
any of the southern states in which slavery was legal prior to the American Civil War

その南の方東西1間、南北2間は東、南が塀に囲まれる。
The 1.8m portion on the south side of the last 1.8 x 10.8m room and the southernmost 3.6m portion on the east side of the same room were surrounded by a wall.

内郭は東西158メートル、南北197メートルである。
The naikaku area measures 158 meters from east to west and 197 meters from south to north.

南北に南大門、中門、塔、金堂、講堂が一直線上に並ぶ。
A nandai-mon gate (a main gate facing south), a chu-mon gate (a gate behind a nandai-mon gate), a pagoda, a kon-do hall (the main hall of a Buddhist temple) and a ko-do hall (lecture hall) are aligned in a north-south direction.

学校の歴史教科書で「南北朝時代」の用語を使っていた。
The term 'the period of the Northern and Southern Courts' was used in school history textbooks.

この他、JR奈良線と近鉄京都線が南北に横断している。
Additionally, the JR Nara Line and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line run north-south.

東を鞍馬川、西を貴船川に挟まれた尾根が南北に連なる。
It is located between Kurama-gawa River and Kibune-gawa River, with its ridge extending in the north-south direction.

しかし、前線の南北の空気を構成する気団は同じである。
However, the air masses which compose air in the south and north of the front are the same.

楠木正勝（くすのきまさかつ）は南北朝時代の武将。
Masakatsu KUSUNOKI was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

諸国を遊歴すること、東西南北58ヶ国に及んだという。
It is said that Tosai visited as many as 58 provinces throughout Japan.

寺町通（てらまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Teramachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

室町通（むろまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Muromachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets which run through Kyoto City.

新町通（しんまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shinmachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south running streets of Kyoto City.

高倉通（たかくらどおり）は京都市の南北の道路の一つ。
The Takakura-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

釜座通（かまんざどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Kamanza-dori Street is a street running north-south street in Kyoto City.

小川通（おがわどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Ogawa-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

鹿ヶ谷通（ししがたにどおり）は京都市内の南北の通り。
Shishigatani-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

なお八幡市南北線は6月30日の運行を持って終了する。
The Yawata City North-South Bus Route ceased its operation on June, 30, 2009.

南北戦争中シャーマン軍によって略奪、焼き討ちにあった
was plundered and burned by Sherman's army during the American Civil War

南北戦争後、南部諸州が再編され、連邦に再加入した時代
the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

北部に住んでいるアメリカ人（特にアメリカ南北戦争時）
an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

アメリカ南北戦争の間に戦いがったバージニア北東部の村
a village in northeastern Virginia where battles were fought during the American Civil War

アメリカ南北戦争中の2番目に大きな戦い（1862年）
the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862)

外部との出入り口としての城門は東西南北に1つずつある。
There is one gate on each side - north, east, south and west - for entering and exiting the castle.

明王院（広島県福山市） -　南北朝時代（1348年）
Myoo-in Temple (Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture): The period of the Northern and Southern Courts (1348)

そして、平安京遷都の後も南北朝時代まで続くこととなる。
This continued until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts even after the transfer of the capital to Heian-kyo.

1857年（安政4年）　大谷新道南北の畑地を買い取る。
In 1857 a dry field on the north and south sides of the new road of Otani was purchased.

このため、南北朝合一後は再び衰退への道を歩む事になる。
As a result, the family fortunes continued to decline, even after the unification of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝統一後、室町時代にも後南朝勢力の活動地となった。
After the unification of Southern and Northern Courts, it became the place of activities of the force of Gonancho (latter South Court).

こうした習慣は南北朝時代 (日本)まで続いたとされる。
This system is believed to have continued until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

平安時代から南北朝時代_(日本)にかけて置かれていた。
This system existed from the Heian period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代 (日本)時も吉野の吉野朝廷につくしている。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Totsukawa also devoted their service to the Imperial Court of Yoshino in Yoshino.

細川奥州家は南北朝時代の細川顕氏の系統の一族である。
The Hosokawa-Oshu family descended from Akiuji HOSOKAWA, who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北のホームの間に踏み切り（渡り線）が設置されていた。
There was a crossing (crossover) between the southern and northern platforms.

本町通（ほんまちどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Honmachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

奈良盆地の東、平地と山地の間を縫うように南北に通る道。
Some of the roads are located in the eastern area of the Nara Basin, and run north and south, threading along flat lands among mountains.

「明堂」は鎌倉～南北朝時代、「太素」は平安時代の写本。
'Meido' is a copy from the Kamakura to the Northern and Southern Courts period; 'Taiso' is from the Heian period.

ヨーロッパ人が来る前に南北アメリカ大陸に住んでいた人々
any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived

南北戦争後に米国の南部で秘密に計画された集団のメンバー
member of a secret mounted band in United States South after the American Civil War

メアリー・チェスナットの南北戦争日記のような独特な作品
sui generis works like Mary Chestnut's Civil War diary

大阪・観心寺　木造不動明王坐像（南北朝時代、重要文化財）
Kanshin-ji Temple in Osaka: The seated statue of wooden Fudo Myoo (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, an important cultural property)

善如（ぜんにょ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の浄土真宗の僧。
Zennyo was a monk of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

宝篋印塔 - 綾部市指定文化財、南北朝時代 (日本)建立
Hokyoin-to pagoda: a cultural property designated by Ayabe City, was built during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

後醍醐は自己の正統性を主張し（南朝）、南北朝時代となる。
As the Go-Daigo insisted that power remain on his side (the Southern Court), this was the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

このことをめぐって、帝国議会で南北朝正閏論が問題化した。
This issue of textbooks triggered the argument on the legitimacy of either the Northern or the Southern Dynasty in the Imperial Diet.

足利氏との関係は南北朝時代 (日本)の伊勢貞継まで遡る。
Relations with the Ashikaga clan dates back to the Sadatsugu ISE in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代_(日本)末期から室町時代前期の成立とされる。
It is believed to have been put together between the later part of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the beginning of the Muromachi period.

南北朝時代 (日本)の北畠親房らも同様の主張をしてきた。
Chikafusa KITABATAKE, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) advocated likewise.

両ホームとも出町柳側・鞍馬側の南北両側に出入り口がある。
Each platform has two entrances: one on the south side (the Demachiyanagi side) and another on the north side (the Kurama side).

木屋町通（きやまちどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Kiyamachi-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City.

師団街道（しだんかいどう）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shidan-kaido Road is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

堺町通（さかいまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Sakaimachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

醒ヶ井通（さめがいどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Samegai-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

御幸町通（ごこまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Gokomachi-dori Street is one of the streets in Kyoto City that run in the north-south direction.

南北朝時代_(日本)末期の元中5年（1388年）の建立。
Built in 1388, at the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

黄色の花を持つ南北アメリカ産の多年生草本あるいは低木の属
genus of North and South American perennial herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers

南北戦争中の南部連合軍の大統領（1808年−1889年）
president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)

池は東西6町、南北8町あり、池に数個の中島が浮かんでいた。
The pond covers an area of approximately 655 meters in the east-west direction and approximately 873 meters in the north-south direction, with several islands placed in it.

綽如（しゃくにょ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の浄土真宗の僧。
Shakunyo was a monk of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

当時中国は南北朝時代に分かれていて、南朝は梁が治めていた。
China at the time was in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and divided, and the Southern Dynasty was ruled by the Liang Dynasty.

日本では、夏と冬に天の川が南北に頭の上を越える位置に来る。
In Japan, every summer and winter the Milky Way appears above us across the night sky from north to south.

南北朝時代 (日本)、南朝 (日本)の征西大将軍であった。
He was a seisei taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians') of the Southern Court (Japan) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

西の京阪奈丘陵と東の木津川に挟まれ南北に延びる地帯である。
Seika-cho is located in the area stretching from south to north between Keihanna Hills in the west and the Kizu-gawa River in the east.

市域は南北に長く、京都府を南北に区切るような形をしている。
The city area stretches long in a north-south direction in the shape of severing Kyoto Prefecture north from south.

貞和本『後三年合戦絵詞』との時代は、南北朝時代まで下がる。
'Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba' in the Jowa edition was written in more recent years, the period of the Northern and Southern Coutts.

莬玖波集（つくばしゅう）は、南北朝時代に撰集された連歌集。
Tsukubashu is an anthology of renga (linked verse) poems collected under Imperial command in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

道誉は南北朝時代の社会的風潮であるばさらを好んだとされる。
Doyo was fond of Basara, which was an aesthetic trend with social undertones that was current during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

櫻田兵蔵 → 澤兵蔵 →（初代）勝俵蔵 → 四代目鶴屋南北
Hyozo SAKURADA=>Hyozo SAWA=>(the first) Hyozo KATSU => Nanboku TSURUYA the fourth

改札口は南北1ヶ所ずつで、北改札のみ駅員が配備されている。
Two entrance/exit gates are provided--one on the north side and the other on the south side--but only the north entrance/exit gate is manned.

烏丸通（からすまどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Karasuma-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

千本通（せんぼんどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Senbon-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

現在では京都の中央の南北の通りの地位を烏丸通に譲っている。
Today it has conceded its position as the central north-south avenue to Karasuma-dori Street.

堀川通（ほりかわどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Horikawa-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

間之町通（あいのまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Aimanomachi-dori Street is a street runningnorth-south through Kyoto City.

衣棚通（ころものたなどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Koromonotana-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

塔ノ段通（とうのだんどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Tonodan-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

裏寺町通（うらでらまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Uraderamachi-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

浄福寺通（じょうふくじどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Jofukuji-dori Street is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

七本松通（しちほんまつどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Shichihonmatsu-dori Street is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

切り通し（きりとおし）は京都市東山区内の南北の通りの一つ。
Kiritoshi Street is a narrow street running north to south in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

麩屋町通（ふやちょうどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Fuyacho-dori Street is one of streets in Kyoto City running in the north-south direction.

西小路通（にしこうじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Nishikoji-dori Street is one of the streets in Kyoto running in the north-south direction.

この本は南北戦争中のアメリカの生活を生き生きと描いている。
This book gives a good picture of life in America during the Civil War.

門を守る者は東西南北の四方にいた。 (歴代志1 9:24)
On the four sides were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. (1 Chronicles 9:24)

主にオーストラリアと南北アメリカで見つかる原始有袋哺乳動物
primitive pouched mammals found mainly in Australia and the Americas

ヨーロッパと南北アメリカの、毛の多い一年生の草本：セネキオ
rough annual herbs of Europe and the Americas: fiddlenecks

鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけて歌人として活躍した。
Kenko was active as a poet in the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

その後の南北朝時代 (日本)でも足利氏に味方して功があった。
Later, the clan allied itself again with the Ashikaga clan and made achievements during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

皇后以外は板敷きの上に南北に土敷という繧繝縁の畳2帖を敷く。
In the case the bedroom for others, two jo (176x176 cm) of tsuchishiki, which is a type of tatami mat with ungenberi-rim, is laid on the boarding floor in a meridional direction.

近藤好和はそれが変化し始めたのは南北朝時代 (日本)とする。
Yoshikazu KONDO stated that it began to change from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

有岡城は東西に400m、南北に600mからなる大城であった。
Arioka-jo Castle was a big castle that spread for 400 meters east and west and 600 meters north and south.

国境は東西を旅するのに五ヶ月、南北を旅するのに三ヶ月かかる。
It took five months to travel from the eastern end of the territory to the western end while three months from the southern end to the northern end.

天保6年 (1835) に鶴屋南北の門下となり勝諺蔵となる。
In 1835 he became a disciple of Nanboku TSURUYA, thereafter calling himself Genzo KATSU.

脇屋義治（わきやよしはる）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yoshiharu WAKIYA was a warlord during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

改札口は南北1ヶ所ずつあり、南改札のみ駅員が配備されている。
Ticket gates are located on the north and south sides of the station, but station staff are positioned only at the south ticket gate.

大宮通（おおみやどおり）は、京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Omiya-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City.

白川通（しらかわどおり）は、京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Shirakawa-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto city.

新京極通（しんきょうごくどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shinkyogoku-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

西洞院通（にしのとういんどおり）は京都市の南北の道路の一つ。
The Nishinotoin-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

富小路通（とみのこうじどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Tominokoji-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

新烏丸通（しんからすまどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Shin Karasuma-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

東宝記 - 南北朝から室町時代に成立した、東寺の公式記録書。
Tohoki - To-ji Temple's official record, made from the Nanbokucho into the Muromachi period.

南北戦争中に監督した女性従軍看護婦（1802年−1887年）
superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War (1802-1887)

南北戦争を引き起こした1860年の組合からの11の南州の撤退
the withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War

その南東の儀礼空間は東西94メートル、南北55メートルである。
The space for religious services, located in the southeast of the emperor's residence, measures 94 meters from east to west and 55 meters from north to south.

前方部を南、後円部を北に向けたほぼ南北方向に主軸をおいている。
The principal axis roughly lies north and south, as the front square part faces to the south and the back circular part to the north.

毬門は南北15丈で、2丈ほどの柱2本を立てることになっている。
The goal measures 45.45m from north to south with two poles about 6m long set up.

南北朝正閏論以降、宮内省も南朝が正統であるという見解を取った。
After having discussing the Southern and Northern Courts controversy, the Department of the Imperial Household took the position that being from the Southern Court was the orthodox line.

南北朝～室町時代に断絶した家も多く、その家名の復活も図られた。
Many families had been discontinued in the period including the Northern and Southern Courts period and the Muromachi period, and the family names of these became targets for restoration.

南北朝時代_(日本)に常陸国に下って山内上杉家の家臣となった。
They went to Hitachi Province, and became a vassal of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

しかし、南北朝時代になると、宮方につき、一族の殆どが没落する。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the clan sided with the Southern court and most of the clan members faced their downfall

南北朝の動乱の中、尊氏は九州に落ち延び、頼兼もこれに従軍する。
Takauji and Yorikane fled to Kyushu during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

区内には川端通、東大路通、白川通などの通りが南北に走っている。
Within the ward, such streets as Kawabata-dori Street, Higashi Oji-dori Street and Shirakawa-dori Street run in the north-south direction.

京域は北辺坊を除いて東西約6.3km、南北約4.7kmに及ぶ。
The capital measured 4.3 km from east to west and 4.8 km from north to south excluding the northern bo.

また、南北朝時代の社会的風潮であった「ばさら」を禁止している。
It also banned 'basara' (extravagance), a social phenomenon of the Northern and Southern Court period.

鎌倉時代後半から南北朝時代前期を研究する上での基本史料である。
It is a fundamental historical material to study the ages from the late Kamakura period to the early Northern and Southern Court period.

作者は不明であるが、南北朝時代の足利方の武士と推定されている。
The author is unknown, but it is conjectured that the book was written by a warrior who was in Ashikaga side during the Northern and Southern Court period.

新田義顕（にったよしあき）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yoshiaki NITTA was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

新田義興（にったよしおき）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yoshioki NITTA was a busho (Japanese military commander) of the period of Northern and Southern Courts.

武田信武（たけだのぶたけ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Nobutake TAKEDA was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan.

和田高家（にぎたたかいえ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Takaie NIGITA was a busho (Japanese military commander), who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

改札口は南北1ヶ所ずつあり、南改札側のみ駅員が配備されている。
While there are two ticket gates--one each on the north and south sides of the station--officers are allocated only to the south ticket gate.

東洞院通（ひがしのとういんどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Higashinotoin-dori Street is a street which runs north-south in Kyoto City.

花見小路通（はなみこうじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Hanamikoji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

大和大路通（やまとおおじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Yamato-oji-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

柳馬場通（やなぎのばんばどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Yanaginobanba-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

車屋町通（くるまやちょうどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Kurumayacho-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

両替町通（りょうがえまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Ryogaemachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto city.

智恵光院通（ちえこういんどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Chiekoin-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

米国の金融家で、北軍の債券を売買し、アメリカ南北戦争に融資した
United States financier who marketed Union bonds to finance the American Civil War

アメリカ南北戦争における北軍の司令官（1822年−1885年）
commander of the Union armies in the American Civil War (1822-1885)

羽黒山（山形県鶴岡市） - 南北朝時代（1372年）、29.4m
Mt. Haguro (Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture): the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (1372); 29.4 m tall

南北はおよそ500メートル、東西はおよそ600メートルであった。
The size of the area was about 500 meters north to south, and about 600 meters east to west.

城郭は南北に約350m、東西に約70mで、丹波では大形に属する。
The castle measures approximately 350m from south to north, approximately 70m from east to west, and it is one of the large castles of Tanba Province.

4月下旬ふくい春祭り越前時代行列（福井市、南北朝～幕末・明治）
Late April: Fukui Spring Festival Echizen Historical Costume Parade (Fukui City, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts-late Edo/Meiji periods)

南北の狂言では興行的にも成功し、作者存命中に五度再演されている。
Among the Kyogen plays written by Nanboku, it achieved commercial success and was restaged five times during his lifetime.

ここに南北朝時代は終わり、皇統は北朝の一統に帰することとなった。
Accordingly, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts came to an end, and the imperial line was integrated into the line of the Northern Court.

が、近年、南北朝時代成立の史料により次の見解などが出されている。
However, the following theories were recently presented based on the historical materials on the establishment of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

後醍醐天皇は在位のまま吉野へ逃れ、南北朝時代 (日本)を迎える。
The Emperor Godaigo fled to Yoshino, retaining the position of emperor, and the Nanbokucho period (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts) (Japan) began.

区域は南北に長く、最北端は標高959メートルの三国岳山頂である。
It is vertically elongated with the farthest north being at the top of Mt. Mikuni which is 959 meters high above sea level.

北朝 - 中国の南北朝時代 (中国)、華北に興った5王朝の総称。
'Northern Court' (or Northern Dynasty) is also a general term used to refer to the dynasties of five kings that flourished in northern China during China's Northern and Southern Dynasties period.

新葉和歌集（しんようわかしゅう）は南北朝時代 (日本)の和歌集。
Shinyo Wakashu is a collection of waka poetry compiled during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

上杉朝定（うえすぎともさだ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Tomosada UESUGI was a warlord who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

足利直冬（あしかがただふゆ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA was a military commander during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

鶴屋南北（つるやなんぼく）は、歌舞伎の役者および作者の名跡。
Nanboku TSURUYA was a professional name of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actors and playwrights.

細川氏春（ほそかわうじはる）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Ujiharu HOSOKAWA was a military commander in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

経賢（けいけん、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の僧・歌人。
Keiken (year of his birth and death is not clear) was a Buddhist monk cum waka poet in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代から室町時代にかけて、平曲をさかんにした功績は大きい。
He made a remarkable achievement in making Heikyoku popular during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period.

石堂頼房（いしどうよりふさ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yorifusa ISHIDO was a Japanese military commander who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

楠木正行（くすのきまさつら）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Masatsura KUSUNOKI was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

楠木正儀（くすのきまさのり）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Masanori KUSUNOKI was busho (Japanese military commander) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

福知山線は大阪と北近畿を福知山駅経由で「南北」に結ぶ鉄道である。
Fukuchiyama Line is a railway that connects Osaka with northern Kinki through Fukuchiyama Station north and south.

東大路通（ひがしおおじどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Higashioji-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

猪熊通（いのくまどおり）は、京都府京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Inokuma-dori Street is a street running south-north in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

下鴨本通（しもがもほんどおり）は京都市の南北の主要な通りの一つ。
Shimogamohon-dori Street is a main street running north-sout though Kyoto City.

新間之町通（しんあいのまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Shin Ainomachi-dori Street is a street running from north - south through Kyoto City.

下鴨西通（しもがもにしどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamo Nishi-dori Street is a street running north-south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

下鴨中通（しもがもなかどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamo Naka-dori Street is a street running north - south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

南北朝時代_(日本)の正平8年（1353年）、戦火を受けて焼失。
In 1353, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, this temple was burned down because of war fires.

また、木造の狛犬は南北朝時代 (日本)に作られたと言われている。
In addition, it is said that the wooden komainu (shrine guardian dog statues) were made during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

奴隷が競売にかけられた市場（特に南北戦争の前の米国南部において）
a marketplace where slaves were auctioned off (especially in the southern United States before the American Civil War)

南北戦争の間の2つの戦いのどちらか（1861年および1862年）
either of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862)

アメリカ南北戦争で二度の戦いが行われたヴァージニア北東部の入り江
a creek in northeastern Virginia where two battles were fought in the American Civil War

南北戦争の公式の北軍のカメラマンだった（1823年−1896年）
was the official Union photographer for the American Civil War (1823-1896)

ジェームス川を船で行く南北戦争ツアー（バージニア州リッチモンド）
Civil War on the James Tour (Richmond, Virginia)

東西南北の四壁の中央に四神の青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武が描かれている。
Shijin, i.e. Seiryu (blue dragon), Byakko (white tiger), Suzaku (red Chinese phoenix) and Genbu (god of water) were drawn on the center of the four walls of east, west, south and north respectively.

奈良・東大寺法華堂　木造不動明王二童子像（南北朝時代、重要文化財）
Todai-ji Temple Hokke-do in Nara: The wooden statue of Fudo Myoo with two youths (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, an important cultural property)

沢田ひろふみ『山賊王』 - 南北朝時代 (日本)を描いた歴史漫画。
SAWADA, Hirofumi. Sanzokuo., which is a historical comic that describes the Northern and Southern Courts Period.

南北朝時代 (日本)には伊達行宗（伊達行朝）が拠り南朝の拠点とした
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Castle served as the base of the Southern Court with Yukimune DATE (Yukitomo DATE) residing in the Castle.

応仁の乱の末期に南北伊勢守護職は一色氏、次いで北畠氏に与えられた。
On the final stage of Onin War, Shugoshiki in the northern and southern parts of Ise Province were assigned to the Isshiki clan, followed by Kitabatake clan.

南朝を正統とする論者は「吉野朝時代」と称する（南北朝正閏論参照）。
Those who argue that the Southern Court was the true Court prefer to call this timespan 'the Yoshino Court period' (see also the article on the Nanbokucho seijunron, the debate over legitimacy between the Northern and Southern Courts).

三代将軍足利義満の頃、南北朝は合一するが、事実上南朝の吸収である。
The Northern and Southern Courts were unified when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was the third Shogun, but it was in fact the Southern Court which was taken over by the Northern Court.

ばさらと呼ばれる南北朝時代の美意識を持つ婆沙羅大名として知られた。
He was known as the Basara daimyo (feudal lord); the term 'Basara' was associated with a school of Japanese aesthetics that challenged traditional ideals during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

古画の模写と写生を基礎にし、諸派を折衷し南北合体の画風を目指した。
Based on copies and sketches of ancient paintings and sketching, he eclectically mixed painting of various schools and aimed at a mixed style of north and south.

これは外山が米国留学時に親しんだ南北戦争の軍歌の形を踏襲している。
Toyama copied the style of a Civil War song that he listened to while he was studying in the US.

油小路通（あぶらのこうじどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Abura-no-koji dori Street is one of the major north-south streets of Kyoto City.

都を南北に走り、首都正門羅城門に始まり、大内裏正門朱雀門に終わる。
The street running north-south started from the Capital's front gate of Rajomon Gate and finished at the front gate of Dai-dairi (place of the Imperial Palace and government offices) of Suzakumon Gate.

葛野大路（かどのおおじ）は、京都府京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Kadonooji-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

下鴨東通（しもがもひがしどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamohigashi-dori Street is a street running south-north through Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

本項では八幡市の実証実験路線である八幡市南北線についても記述する。
This article also describes about the Yawata City North-South Bus Route established for testing and researching for the substantiative experiment.

宮域は、南北800メートル、東西500メートルくらいの範囲に収まる。
The palace fell within the range approximately measuring 800 meters from north to south and 500 meters from east to west.

この雁皮紙が鳥の子と称されるようになるのは、南北朝時代頃からである。
This ganpishi came to be called torinoko during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

紙に紋様をつける試みは中国の南北朝時代に始まり随・唐時代に発展した。
Efforts to put patterns on paper began in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China and developed further during the age of the Sui and the Tang.

うどんを表現する表記の文献初出は南北朝時代の「ウトム」であるという。
Udon noodles first appeared in literature during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) by the name of 'Utom,' he also said.

以後、九州も南北朝時代 (日本)の争乱に巻き込まれていくことになる。
After that, Kyushu was also gradually involved in the disturbance in the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

京都市と奈良市を結ぶ国道24号が南北に横断し、両市のほぼ中間にある。
The National Route 24, connecting Kyoto City and Nara City, runs north-south; Joyo City is located between the two cities.

西部は外秩父山地の外縁となっており、南北に八王子構造線が貫いている。
The western part is the outer edge of Sotochichibu Mountains, and the Hachioji geotectonic line runs through it from north to south.

樫原は南北に通じる物集女街道、東西にのびる山陰街道の結節点にあたる。
The Mozume Kaido Road running north-south and the Sanin Kaido Road running east-west join in Katagihara.

しかし成立間もない室町幕府は南北朝の動乱のなか財政的余裕はなかった。
However the Muromachi Bakufu, which had just been established, did not have sufficient financial ability under the disturbances between Northern and Southern Dynasties.

南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代_(日本)まで内部紛争を繰り返した。
The clan was subject to repeated internal conflicts from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Warring States period (Japan).

尊氏は再び京都を占領し、後醍醐天皇は吉野に逃れ南北朝時代に突入した。
Takauji again took over Kyoto causing the Emperor Godaigo to flee to Yoshino, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started.

梁 (南朝)様式（南北朝時代 (中国)様式）…新羅・百済経由で伝播。
Liang style (Southern Dynasty) (a style from the Northern and Southern Dynasties period)・・・introduced into Japan via Silla and Baekje.

室町幕府は南北朝時代 (日本)に関東統治のため鎌倉府を設置していた。
The Muromachi bakufu had established the Kamakura Government to rule the Kanto regions in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (Japan).

通常ただ「鶴屋南北」または「南北」といえば、この四代目のことをさす。
Generally, the name of 'Nanboku TSURUYA' or 'Nanboku' refers to this fourth.

後醍醐天皇は吉野で南朝 (日本)を開いて南北朝時代 (日本)となる。
Emperor Godaigo established the Southern Court (Japan) in Yoshino and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts began.

新丸太町通（しんまるたまちどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shinmarutamachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

南北戦争の前年に廃止論者により提供された、奴隷を逃すための秘密の援助
secret aid to escaping slaves that was provided by abolitionists in the years before the American Civil War

南北戦争中の南部連合軍の、または、南北戦争中の南部連合軍と関係がある
of or having to do with the southern Confederacy during the American Civil War

東西約500メートル、南北約400メートルの天険の地を城域としている。
The castle is situated on steep terrain, with an elevation of approximately 500m in the east and west, and approximately 400m in the north and south.

当初は密教（真言宗）の寺院で、禅宗寺院になるのは南北朝時代以降である。
Initially, it was founded as a temple of Esoteric Buddhism (Shingon Sect) and became a Zen Sect temple after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

曇鸞（どんらん、tán-luán）は、中国南北朝時代 (中国)の僧侶。
Tan-luan was a Buddhist monk who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China.

その後、文化・文政期に鶴屋南北が江戸において多くの作品を創作している。
Afterward in the Bunka-Bunsei era, 'Nanboku TSURUYA' created many works of Kabuki Kyogen in Edo.

この作品には、若き南北も五枚目の戯作者として上演に参加したと言われる。
It is said that young Nanboku also participated in the play as a writer of popular stories, whose name was written in the fifth line (the fifth most important) of the advertisement board.

後醍醐天皇は12月21日に吉野に逃れて南朝を設立して南北朝が成立する。
Emperor Godaigo escaped to Yoshino on December 21, then established the Southern Court, this was the beginning of the Southern Court.

聖助法親王（せいじょほっしんのう、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代の法親王。
Monk Imperial Prince Seijo (date of birth and death unknown) was the Monk Imperial Prince during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

明治44年（1911年）には、国定教科書問題・南北朝正閏論争があった。
In 1911, an issue of government-designated textbooks and an argument on the legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty emerged.

南北朝時代 (日本)の北畠親房、幕末の岩倉具視も村上源氏の支流である。
Chikafusa KITABATAKE, during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and Tomomi IWAKURA, from the end of the Edo period, also belonged to branch families of Murakami-Genji.

市の西部を国道24号が南北に通り、東西には京滋バイパスが通過している。
The National Highway 24 runs north-south in the west of the city, while the Keiji Bypass runs east-west.

現在の京阪中書島駅を中心とした地域であり、南北に竹田街道が通っている。
It was an area centered in present-day Keihan Chushojima Station, and the Takeda-kaido Road passes through north to south.

近世以来、南北朝のいずれが正統かをめぐって南北朝正閏論が行われてきた。
Starting in more recent years, debate has been raging over which lineage, that of the Southern or Northern Court, is legitimate (called the Nanbokucho seijunron in Japanese).
Since the start of the modern era, the Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron debate over which of the Imperial Courts, Southern or Northern, was legitimate has continued.

王家は両統迭立の時代から南北朝並立の時代へはっきりと転換したのである。
The Imperial family made a clear transition from the Ryoto tetsuritsu era to the Northern and Southern Dynasties era.

標高432.9メートル、南北に伸びる繖（きぬがさ）山の山上に築かれる。
It was built on Mt. Kinugasa, stretched from the north to the south, and was 432.9 meters in height.

その後、柳生氏は南北朝の動乱期を生き抜き、柳生の国人として根を下ろす。
After that, the Yagyu clan survived the disturbance of Northern and Southern Dynasties and then, settled as the local lord of Yagyu.

足利直義（あしかがただよし）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将である。
Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

1階南北コンコース横（西側）にテナントスペース「ビエラ福知山」がある。
A tenancy space, Vierra Fukuchiyama, is located on the ground floor of the western side of the north-south concourse.

そのため、純粋に南北方向に走っている寺町通・御幸町通とは交差している。
Thus it intersects Teramachi-dori Street and Gokomachi-dori Street, which run completely north-south.

桜馬場通（さくらのばんばどおり）は、京都市左京区内の南北の通りの一つ。
Sakuranobanba-dori Street is a street running from north to south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

この国には四人の魔女がおり、それぞれ東西南北に住む人々を支配しておる。
There were four of them in this country, and they ruled the people who live in the North and South and East and West.

南北戦争後の米国南部において無教育な白人に公民権を与えるために使われた
used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south after the American Civil War

南北戦争の前に、これらのすべての州では綿を生産し、奴隷制度を認めていた
prior to the American Civil War all these states produced cotton and permitted slavery

これらは四代目鶴屋南北、河竹黙阿弥らにより江戸風のアレンジが加えられた。
Nanboku TSURUYA IV, Mokuami KAWATAKE and others added arrangements as the Edo style.

大津市の市域は、琵琶湖の南西岸から南岸にかけて南北に細長く広がっている。
The city area of Otsu City stretches from the southwest coast to the south coast of Lake Biwa, long and thinly from north to south.

南北朝合一時に国衙領がほとんど残っていなかったのはこのような背景による。
Because of this, by the time the Northern and Southern Courts were unified, almost no kokuga (public) territories remained.

鎌倉時代中期から南北朝時代 (日本)までを中心に、主に西日本で見られた。
Shitaji chubun was implemented mainly in the western part of Japan from the mid-Kamakura period to the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

そうした恩賞のあり方は南北朝時代や室町時代を通じて、基本的に踏襲された。
Such a practice of rewards essentially continued into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period.

南北朝時代 (日本)末期には組織・役職としては消滅したと考えられている。
They were thought to have disappeared as an organization and post during the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

櫻田兵蔵 → 澤兵蔵 →（初代）勝俵蔵 → 四代目鶴屋南北（初代姥尉輔）
Hyozo SAKURADA -> Hyozo SAWA -> (the first) Hyozo KATSU -> (the fourth) Nanboku TSURUYA (the first Josuke UBA)

1392年（明徳3年・元中9年）には南北朝合一に向けての交渉にあたった。
In 1392, he conducted negotiations aimed at unifying the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北は六条通から花屋町通という距離も短く、あまり知られてない通りである。
It is a short and relatively unknown street sandwiched by Hanayacho-dori Street and Rokujo-dori Street at its northern and southern ends.

勾当内侍（こうとうのないし）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の公家の女性である。
Koto no naishi was a female court noble during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代に千家・北島の両家に分裂したが、現在も出雲大社社家として存続。
Izumo no Kuni no miyatsuko was divided into the Senge family and the Kitajima family during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and both families have been survived as the hereditary priestly families.

南北戦争の北軍勢力を意味するのに使用される（青いユニフォームを着用した）
used to signify the Union forces in the American Civil War (who wore blue uniforms)

御土居の囲む範囲は南北約8.5km、東西約3.5kmの縦長の形をしている。
It encircles a rectangular area that measures about 8.5 km from north to south and about 3.5 km from east to west.

その広さは、東西15.7メートル、南北16.51メートルと想定されている）
It is supposed that these stones covered an area of 15.7m in the east-west direction and 16.51m in the north-south direction.

中世に約500年間井伊谷の庄を治め、南北朝時代 (日本)は南朝方に属した。
The Ii clan governed the Iinoyanosyo for approximately 500 years during the Middle Ages, and during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Ii clan belonged to the Southern Court.

また南北朝合一を斡旋して功績があり、足利氏一門の待遇を受けるまでになった。
Yoshihiro also had the merit of having helped mediate the unification of the two courts, and reached the point that he was treated with the same honors as a relative of the Ashikaga clan itself.

建武政権は崩壊し、南朝 (日本)に零落し、南北朝時代 (日本)へ突入する。
The Kenmu government collapsed and came down to the Southern Court (Japan), then it entered into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北3町（約330m）、東西2町半（約275m）の広大な寺域を有していた。
The temple occupied a large area of three blocks in the north-south direction (about 330 m) and two and a half blocks in the east-west direction (about 275 m).

そして南北朝時代 (日本)以後には守護が令制国の支配権を得るようになった。
Then, after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Shugo came to take control of the provinces.

鎌倉時代末期の作であろうとも南北朝時代 (日本)末期の作であろうともいう。
It is said that the original picture scroll was made at the end of Kamakura period or towards the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

この時、桐野が人吉を中心に南北に両翼を張る形で薩軍を以下の通りに配置した。
On this occasion, KIRINO organized the Satsuma army with the both flanks extending in the north-south direction from Hitoyoshi in the center as below.

南北朝時代 (日本)ごろから、和歌は僧侶や武士を中心に詠まれるようになる。
Since around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, waka poetry came to be composed mainly by Buddhist monks and warriors.

「東北戦争」が長引けば、日本は再び“南北朝時代”に突入する可能性があった。
It would have been possible to revert to 'the period of the Northern and Southern Courts' again in Japan if 'Tohoku War' were extended.

鶴屋南北 (4代目) (1755–1829) が合巻を書く際に使った筆名。
It is a pen name which Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth) (1755-1829) used when he wrote gokan (bound-together volumes of illustrated books).

南北朝期の武将であり、在地化を進め、島津氏の守護大名としての基礎を作った。
He was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, and he built the foundation for the feudal lordship of the Shimazu clan by pushing forward the system of land localizations.

上杉憲房（うえすぎのりふさ）は、鎌倉時代、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Norifusa UESUGI was a busho (Japanese military commander) lived during Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

金堂の基壇は、塔と同じ瓦積基壇で東西が22.5m、南北が17.2mあった。
Like the pagoda, the foundation stone of the main hall is a stacked-tile podium measuring 22.5 m east to west and 17.2 m north to south.

寺域は六条大路の南側にも伸び、東西3町、南北5町に及ぶ広大なものであった。
The temple has a large dimensions extending up to the south of Rokujo-oji Street and measured 3 cho from east to west and 5 cho from north to south.

長い肢と尾を持つ南北アメリカの温帯地域にすむ大型でとさかのある樹上性の猟鳥
large crested arboreal game bird of warm parts of the Americas having long legs and tails

南北戦争後、主に私欲のために再建政策を支持した南部白人（通常私利のために）
a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)

如拙（じょせつ、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代中期の画僧。
Josetsu (the years of his birth and death was unknown) was an artist-monk from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the middle of the Muromachi period.

南北朝時代の戦火によって、多くの建物が焼失し、その後急速に荒廃していった。
However, with the fires from battle and conflicts between the southern and the northern courts, many buildings were burnt down and after that Toba rapidly came to ruin.

南北朝合一の際、北朝 (日本)側は恒敦を後小松天皇の皇太子とする約束をした。
At the time of the unification of the Southern and Northern Courts, the Northern Court promised to make Tsuneatsu as the Crown Prince of Emperor Gokomatsu.

南北朝時代 (日本)後期、正親町三条実継の次男の大納言三条西公時を祖とする。
During the period of the late Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the original forefather was Dainagon (chief councilor of state) Kintoki SANJONISHI, who was the second son of Sanetsugu OGIMACHISANJO.

南北朝時代_(日本)の山科教言以後、代々内蔵頭を輩出して朝廷財政を運営した。
From the time of Noritoki YAMASHINA in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the family produced kuranokami, heads of kuraryo (a kind of finance ministry in the Ritsuryo system), for generations and managed the finances of the Imperial Court.

南北朝期以降堂上家のなかに、時の天皇との親疎により内々・外様の区別が出来た。
Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, discrimination between 'nainai' and 'tozama' was created according to the closeness to the then current emperor.

極端な例としては、南北朝時代 (日本)の中御門宗重（宗雅の曾孫）の例がある。
An extreme example of this was Muneshige NAKAMIKADO (a grandson of Munemasa), who lived during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

鎌倉時代に家季・季範・顕範と三代に亘り公卿に列したが、南北朝時代に断絶した。
During the Kamakura period three generations, namely Iesue, Suenori, and Akinori, all were ranked among the court nobility, but in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts their family line died out.

現在は南部に比べて宅地開発などが遅れており、「南北格差」を主張する声がある。
The southern part is more advanced than the northern part in housing-land development, and some say there is 'a gap between North and South.'

北朝 (日本) - 日本の南北朝時代 (日本)、京都にあった持明院統の朝廷。
'Northern Court' refers to the Imperial Court of the Jimyoin lineage, located in Kyoto, that existed during Japan's Nanbokucho (Northern and Southern Courts) period.

魏晋南北朝時代、五代十国時代、南宋時代のように中国が南北の勢力で分割された。
There were several periods in China when it was divided by the powers of north and south such as Wei-Jin-Nanbeichao periods, Wudai Shiguo period and Southern Sung period.

鎌倉府は南北朝時代 (日本)に室町幕府が関東統治のために設置した機関である。
Kamakurafu was an organization set up by the Muromachi bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun in the Muromachi period) in order to rule the Kanto region in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

現在目に出来るものは、南北朝時代に描かれた絵巻の、詞書のみを書き出したもの。
The current one was written by extracting only Kotobagaki (captions) of Emaki (picture scroll) drawn in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

石塔義房（いしどうよしふさ、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yoshifusa ISHIDO (date of birth and death unknown) was a military commander in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

山名義幸（やまなよしゆき、生没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の守護大名。
Yoshiyuki YAMANA (date of birth and death unknown) was a shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

近江国甲賀郡の出で、甲賀二十一家の山中氏の庶流（南北朝時代に分かれている）。
He was from Koga County of Omi Province; His family was a branch of the Yamanaka family which was one of 21 Koga families (the branch family had been split up in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts).

一忠（いっちゅう、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)に活躍した田楽能役者。
Icchu (year of birth and death unknown) was a Dengaku (refer to the descriptions below) and Noh player who was active in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan).

南北朝時代には南朝の後村上天皇・長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の行在所が置かれていた。
In the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts (Japan), an Anzaisho (a temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit) for the emperors of the Southern Court, Emperor Gomurakami, Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama, was placed here.

安居院唱導教団の著作とされ、南北朝時代 (日本)中期に成立したとされている。
It is thought that the book was written by the Agui shodo school in the mid period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan.)

神器という言い方が一般化したのは南北朝時代 (日本)ごろからと言われている。
It is said that the term 'Jingi' became common around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

アメリカ人の司令官で、南北戦争で南部連合軍を率いた（1807年−1870年）
American general who led the Confederate Armies in the American Civil War (1807-1870)

この雁皮紙が鳥の子と称されるようになるのは、南北朝時代 (日本)頃からである。
This ganpishi became to be called torinoko since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

そのように、南北の作劇術の才能が溢れた作品で、「四谷怪談」とともに評価が高い。
Therefore it can be said that in this play Nanboku's talent of writing plays was manifested, and it is well appreciated as much as 'Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan.'

姓氏調査の基本図書のひとつで、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代初期に完成した。
It is one of the basic books for research and investigation of family names, and was completed over a period spanning from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the beginning of the Muromachi period.

南北朝時代_(日本)には南朝_(日本)の廷臣として活躍した四条隆資が出ている。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the family produced Takasue SHIJO, who was active as a courtier of the Southern Court.

南北朝時代 (日本)末期に日野時光の三男、准大臣日野西資国によって創設される。
This family was founded by Sukekuni HINONISHI, Jun-daijin (Vice Minister), the third son of Tokimitsu HINO, at the end of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代 (日本)に於いては南朝方の後醍醐天皇に味方し、新田義貞軍に組した。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, they took sides with Emperor Godaigo of the Southern Court, and jointed the army of Yoshisada NITTA.

南北朝合一後に後南朝の武将としても楠木正秀や楠木光正ら楠木氏一族が確認できる。
Even after the unification of the Courts, Kusunoki families continued to be active, producing some of the notable figures such as Masahide KUSUNIKI and Mitsumasa KUSUNOKI, who served as military commanders of Gonancho (Second Southern Court).

これが基となって朝廷に縁を持ち、南北朝時代には光厳天皇が山国郷に一寺を開いた。
This brought about a relationship between the area and the imperial court, leading to the founding of a temple in Yamaguni-go by Emperor Kogon.

南北朝期にはばさら大名で有名な佐々木道誉（高氏）が出て京極家の勢威を伸ばした。
Doyo (Takauji) SASAKI from the Kyogoku clan, famous as 'Basara Daimyo' (a foppery feudal lord) made the Kyogoku clan more influential in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

その後、南北朝時代 (日本)に大番役が廃れ、旧来の大犯三箇条の解釈が変わった。
Then, Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) was abolished during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and the conventional interpretation of Taibon Sankajo had been changed.

長い間続いた南北朝時代 (日本)の中で兵糧確保のために出された半済令であった。
The Hanzeirei was enforced in order to secure provisions for the army under the long-lasting conflict with the Northern and Southern Courts.

西晋が滅亡した後も南北朝時代 (中国)の諸王朝によって律令が制定・公布された。
After the downfall of the Western Jin Dynasty, each dynasty in China during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties proclaimed and enacted Luli of its own.

また、南北戦争時にエイブラハム・リンカーン大統領の軍事顧問的立場にあった軍人。
He served as military man acting as a military adviser for Abraham LINCOLN during the Civil War.

斯波氏経（しばうじつね、生没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の斯波氏の人物。
Ujitsune SHIBA (years of birth and death unknown) was a person who lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

楠木正季（くすのきまさすえ）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Masasue KUSUNOKI was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

2008年中に南北自由通路を南または南西に八条通を跨ぐ形で延伸する計画がある。
It is scheduled to extend the existing Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro to south or southwest over Hachijo-dori Street within 2008.

この駅上を南北に走る通り名が東山通（東大路通）であることに由来すると思われる。
The station is named after Higashiyama-dori Street (or Higashioji Street), which runs from north to south above the station.

2008年（平成20年）6月14日予定 - 橋上化開業および南北自由通路完成。
June 14, 2008: The station building is due to reopen as one centering its second-floor functions, and a free passage between the north and south entrance of the station is due to be completed.

南北戦争（グレーのユニフォームを着た）の中の南部連盟の力を示すために使用される
used to signify the Confederate forces in the American Civil War (who wore grey uniforms)

さらに、南北時代には貴族が住宅を喜捨して、そのまま寺院となったものが多く現れた。
Furthermore, during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China) there were many cases where aristocrats donated their houses, which then became temples.

全体を囲う外郭は南北422メートル、東西428メートルで、材木塀と大溝からなる。
The surrounding structure is 422m long from south to north, 428m from east to west and consists of a lumber wall and a big ditch.

墳丘は現在東西約58メートル、南北径45メートル、高さ9メートルの円墳状である。
The tumulus is round-shaped measuring approximately 58 meters in length from east to west, 45 meters in length from north to south and nine meters in height.

覚如（かくにょ）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての浄土真宗の僧。
Kakunyo was a Buddhist monk of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) who was active from the end Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

存覚（ぞんかく）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての浄土真宗の僧。
Zonkaku was a Buddhist priest of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) who lived from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

だが、南北朝時代 (日本)以後の貴族社会の衰退とともに宿曜道も没落の道を辿った。
However, Sukuyodo went to ruin in accordance with a decline of the noble society after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

中国・南北朝時代 (中国)の宋 (南朝)の天文学者・何承天が編纂した暦法である。
It is rekiho (method of making calendars) organized by He Chengtian, an astronomer in Song (Southern Dynasty) during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China).

鶴屋南北作東海道四谷怪談が初演された文政8年（1825）7月26日を記念する日。
July 26 is the anniversary of the day on which Tokaido Yotsuya Kaidan, written by Nanboku TSURUYA, was first performed in 1825.

日本における南北朝時代（なんぼくちょうじだい）とは、中世の時代区分の1つである。
The Nanbokucho era (the period of the Northern and Southern Courts) in Japan refers to one subsection of medieval Japanese history.

二つの朝廷が対立する南北朝時代 (日本)は1392年まで続き、北朝に統一された。
The period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), during which two courts simultaneously existed, lasted until 1392, whereupon the Southern Court was unified into the Northern Court.

南北朝時代 (日本)期以降、特に戦国 (日本)期に国衙領の衰退とともに消滅した。
The practice disappeared with the decline of the Kokugaryo after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), especially during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States).

遊庭秘抄（ゆうていひしょう）は、南北朝時代 (日本)に書かれた御子左流蹴鞠の書。
Yuteihisho is a book of kemari (Japanese ancient Imperial court game like kick-ball) of Mikohidari school that was written during the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan).

後宇多天皇の時に成立し、鎌倉時代末から南北朝時代 (日本)初期まで書き継がれた。
It was completed during the reign of Emperor Gouda, and had been written from the late Kamakura period to the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

一色直氏（いっしきなおうじ（又はただうじ））は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Naouji ISSHIKI was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

尊氏になると、南北朝の時代になっており、お互いを正当な政権であると主張していた。
At the time of Takauji, the Northern and Southern Courts both claimed to be the legitimate governments.

南北戦争の間の境界州、ミズーリは組合から実際に脱退することなく、同盟に加えられた
a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

この地に東西1.5キロメートル、南北1キロメートルの区域を占めた離宮がつくられた。
The villa was built in this place, occupying an area of 1.5km in the east-west direction and 1km in the north-south direction.

その周辺を南北100メートル以上、東西約100メートルの掘立柱の塀で囲まれている。
The building is surrounded by the moat, and its length is more than 100 meters from north to south and approximately 100 meters from east to west, where the hottate-bashira columns were erected.

南北朝時代の近衛経忠は北朝の光明天皇の関白であったが、出奔して吉野朝廷に参加した。
Tsunetada KONOE was the Chancellor for Emperor Komyo of the Northern Court, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, he ran way and joined the Yoshino Imperial Court.

西洞院大路の西・大炊御門大路の北にあった南北2町（後4町）の大規模な邸宅であった。
It was a huge residence located west of Nishinotoin Oji street and north of Oinomikado Oji street, the size was approx. 218m from north to south (later it was enlarged to approx. 436m).

南北朝時代、冷泉為尹の長男冷泉為之の上冷泉家と、次男冷泉持為の下冷泉家に分かれた。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the family split into two families, the Kami Reizei family of Tameyuki REIZEI, the first son of Tamehiro REIZEI, and the Shimo Reizei family of Mochitame REIZEI, the second son of Temehiro REIZEI.

西隣の京都市との境には比叡山が南北に走り、山を挟んで向かい合う同市との関係が深い。
Mt. Hiei runs north-south in the border with Kyoto City to the west, and the relationship with Kyoto City, which lies across the mountain, is deep.

東西に約15キロメートル、南北に約30キロメートルの面積を持ち、菱形をなしている。
It has an area of approximately fifteen kilometers from east to west, and approximately thirty kilometers from north to south, and is rhomboid-shaped.

南北朝時代から賀名生ウメ林が有名であり、明治以降は実を収穫するための植林もされた。
Ano bairin (the forest of Japanese plums in Gojo City in Nara Prefecture) was famous ever since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts; after the Meiji period, plum trees were planted for harvesting plums.

南北朝時代は美術史的には過渡期ととらえられ、鎌倉時代に含めて論じられることが多い。
From the perspective of art history, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts is deemed the transitional period, so its art is commonly mentioned in the art of the Kamakura period.

もっとも時代が降るのは東京・普済寺の「石幢」で、南北朝時代_(日本)のものである。
The item dated closest to modern times is the Sekido (stone structure) of Fusai-ji Temple in Tokyo, which dates from Japan's period of Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)の兵庫津には、東大寺領の北関と興福寺領の南関が設けられていた。
In Hyogo no tsu during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Kitaseki in Todai-ji Temple territory and Minamiseki in Kofuku-ji Temple territory were set up.

なお朝鮮半島では1946年に南北朝鮮で切手が発行されるまで日本切手の使用が続いた。
Japanese postal stamps were used in Korean Peninsula until North and South Korea issued their own postal stamps in 1946.

“南部政権”たる新政府と“北部政権”たる北部政府との、事実上の“南北戦争”である。
The new government of the 'West regime' and the North Government of the 'North regime' were in effect, 'the Nanboku War.'

六地蔵駅から山科駅までは伏見区東部・山科区を京都外環状線の地下を通って南北に走る。
The line between Rokujizo Station and Yamashina Station runs in a north-south direction through the underground of the Kyoto Outer Loop Expressway in eastern Fushimi Ward and Yamashina Ward.

計画のみとしても3塔を配置する例は無く、2塔でも南北に配置する古代寺院は他に無い。
The plan of these pagodas might not have been completed, but even so, there are no other ancient temples with three pagodas, or with two pagodas lying in north-south direction.

明治時代には、南北両朝の皇統の正統性をめぐる南北朝正閏論と呼ばれる論争が起こった。
In the Meiji Period, a dispute called 'Nanbokucho-Seijunron' occurred where both the Northern and Southern dynasties argued over the legitimacy of the imperial line.

南北朝時代には、諸国の政治・軍事は国元に腰を据えている領主たちによって動かされた。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), provincial politics and military affairs were led by feudal lords based in the province.

米国の作家で、南北戦争の間の南部についての小説で知られる（1900年−1949年）
United States writer noted for her novel about the South during the American Civil War (1900-1949)

南北戦争の間、リンカーン大統領によって創造された科学者の名誉を記念するアメリカ学会
an honorary American society of scientists created by President Lincoln during the American Civil War

米国の作詞作曲家で、その歌は南北戦争前の南部の感情を表す（1826年−1864年）
United States songwriter whose songs embody the sentiment of the South before the American Civil War (1826-1864)

米国の海軍大将で、アメリカ南北戦争の時に北軍の船を率いた（1801年−1870年）
United States admiral who commanded Union ships during the American Civil War (1801-1870)

南北朝時代の1336年（建武3）に南朝に味方した豪族によって築城されたと伝えられる。
This castle was built in 1336 by a powerful local family who supported Nancho (the Southern Emperor's forces) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

建物の規模は九間四面（母屋（もや）が南北五間・東西二間で四方に廂、東に孫廂がある）。
The scale of the building is nine rooms and four sides (main housing has five rooms in the core north to south, two east to west, and hisashi (aisle room) on all sides and magohisashi (a narrow additional aisle room) on the east).

そして以後、斎宮または斎院から准母立后を経て女院となる内親王が南北朝時代まで続いた。
Since then, imperial princesses, who became Nyoin via the conferral of Junbo (a status that is equivalent to the Emperor's birth mother) and Ritsugo (the investiture of the Empress) after being Saigu or Saiin, continued to appear until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

規模：全長96m、後円部（主丘部）東西59メートル、南北45メートル、不整形円形。
Size: 96 meters in full length, the back circular part (the main mound) 59 meters from east to west, 45 meters from north to south, irregular circle shaped.

南北朝時代 (中国)、南朝 (中国)の儒学を南学、北朝 (中国)の儒学を北学という。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), Ju-gaku in the Southern Dynasty (China) was called south learning, and Ju-gaku in the Northern Dynasty (China) was called north learning.

盟三五大切（かみかけてさんごたいせつ）は、鶴屋南北 (4代目)による歌舞伎狂言。
Kamikakete sango taisetsu was a kabuki kyogen play written by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth)

三条通一筋下ルから四条通まで、鴨川と木屋町通の間を南北に走る、石畳の狭い通りである。
Ponto-cho is a narrow stone-paved street running between the Kamo-gawa River and Kiyamachi-dori Street from Sanjo-dori Hitosuji Kudaru to Shijo-dori Street.

加悦谷を南北に流れる野田川が、日本三景の一つである天橋立の内海（阿蘇海）に注ぎ込む。
Noda-gawa River runs through Kayadani from north to south runs into the inland sea (Aso-kai) of Amanohashidate, and is one of the three most scenic spots in Japan.

東西480メートル、南北200メートル、標高は最高点で48,3メートルとなっている。
It is 480 m in the east-west direction and 200 m in the north-south direction, with its highest point reaching an altitude of 48.3 m.

南北朝時代 (日本)の法勝寺の火災も近くの民家火災によるとされている（『太平記』）。
It is considered that the fire which burnt Hossho-ji Temple in the Northern and Southern Court period was caused by the fire from a house nearby (according to 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace)--a Chronicle of Medieval Japan).

皇代暦（こうだいれき）は、南北朝時代_(日本)から室町時代にかけてに書かれた年代記。
Kodaireki is a chronicle written between the Period of Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period.

その区画を南北に連ねた列を坊（ぼう）と呼び、東西に並んだ区画を条（じょう）と呼んだ。
Each column of these sections running from north to south was called a 'bo' and each row running from east to west was called a 'jo.'

中国の南北朝時代 (中国)、北周は長安を都とし東方の洛陽を陪都とする複都制をとった。
In the period of the Northern and the Southern courts in China, Northern Zhou adopted multi-capital system and located the capital in Changan and a secondary capital city in Luoyang in eastern China.

源威集（げんいしゅう）は、南北朝時代 (日本)後期（14世紀後半）に書かれた軍記物。
Genisyu was a military epic written in the late period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (in the latter half of the 14th century).

嘉喜門院（かきもんいん、生没年未詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の女院・女流歌人である。
Kakimon-in (dates of birth and death unknown) was Nyoin (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor) and a female waka poet in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

『保暦間記』（ほうりゃくかんき）は日本の中世、南北朝時代 (日本)に成立した歴史書。
'Horyakukanki' is a history book which was completed during the Japanese middle ages, the Northern and Southern Dynasties period.

後の南北朝時代 (日本)から登場する進氏は紀氏の後裔と称し、成盛をその祖としている。
The Shin clan, who appeared later in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), called themselves the descendants of the Ki clan and called Narimori their ancestor.

その南北朝の騒乱の最中、吉川経盛の従兄弟・吉川経兼とその子の吉川経見は南朝方に帰順。
Amid the mayhem of the conflicts between the Northern and the Southern courts, a cousin of Tsunemori KIKKAWA, Tsunekane KIKKAWA and his son, Tsunemi KIKKAWA became allegiant to the Southern Court.

風林火山の旗印は信玄より200年ほど前の南北朝時代に北畠顕家が陣旗として使っていた。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, which was about 200 years earlier than the period of Shingen, the banner was used by Akiie KITABATAKE as a Jinki (the flag for a camp) containing the emblem, Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan (風林火山).

新田義貞（にったよしさだ）は、鎌倉時代末期の御家人、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yoshisada NITTA was a gokenin (immediate vassal of shogunate) during the last stage of the Kamakura period as well as a busho (military commander) in the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan).

地下鉄でのホームドアの採用は東京地下鉄南北線に次いで、当路線が日本国内2例目である。
The Tozai Line of Kyoto Municipal Subway is the second subway line on which platform doors were adopted, after the Nanboku Line of Tokyo Metro.

同じく下鴨を南北に貫く下鴨東通・下鴨中通・下鴨西通と異なり4車線と広く直線的である。
The street runs wide and straight with four car lanes, which differs from the other streets running north-south from Shimogamo, such as Shimogamohigashi-dori Street, Shimogamonaka-dori Street, and Shimogamonishi-dori Street.

2008年10月19日八幡市南北線の運行開始（2009年3月31日まで実施予定）。
On October 19, 2008, the Yawata City North-South Bus Route began its operation (it was publicly operated as a real-world evaluation until March 31, 2009.)

その後次々と堂舎が建てられ、その規模は東西２町・南北３町に及び、伽藍は豪壮を極めた。
He went on to construct successive structures to create a grand temple complex that measured approximately 327m from north to south and 218m from east to west.

寺域は南北4町（約440メートル）、東西2町（約220メートル）と南北に細長かった。
The temple site was long and slender in the north and south direction with about 440 meters in north and south and about 220 meters in east and west.

寺域が東西160メートル・南北250メートルの約4万平方メートルに及ぶ大規模なもの。
It was a large-scale temple which had a field dimension of about 40 thousand sq.m and measured 160 m from east to west and 250 m from north to south.

南北朝時代、後醍醐天皇が吉野に移り、南朝を興したのにも、こうした軍事的背景があった。
This military background lay behind the Emperor Godaigo's establishment of the Southern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Emperor Godaigo.

唐が中国を再統一すると、隋の二劉が示した南北儒学統一の流れを国家事業として推し進めた。
When Tang reunified China, the unification of the North and South strains of Confucianism presented by the two Ryu of Sui was promoted as a national project.

その円の東西南北4箇所に、徳俵（計4俵）と呼ばれる俵1つ分の出っ張りが設けられている。
The east, west, south, and north edges of the circle each have a bale set slightly backward, which is called Toku-dawara.

南北朝時代に中絶後、江戸時代初期に飛鳥井雅庸の子難波宗勝が再興し飛鳥井家庶流となった。
After the family line failed once during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, in the early Edo period Munekatsu NANBA, the child of Masatsune ASUKAI, re-established the family and became the side line of the House of Asukai.

しかし鎌倉時代に入ると、御子左家の興隆によって衰退し、南北朝時代 (日本)に断絶した。
However, during the Kamakura period, as the Mikohidari family flourished, the Rokujo family declined and finally became extinct during the period of the Northern and Southern courts (Japan).

畿内とは、東西南北の四至により画される範囲をいい、当時、畿内に令制国は置かれなかった。
'Kinai' means a tract demarcated by Shishi (the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries) and no ryoseikoku was provided within Kinai at that time.

梅松論（ばいしょうろん）は、太平記と双璧をなす南北朝時代 (日本)の軍記物語・歴史書。
Baishoron is a Japanese war tale and a history of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) as great as the Taiheiki.

1392年、南北朝が足利義満によって統一されると、武朝は了俊と和睦して肥後へと戻った。
When the Northern and Southern courts were unified by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Taketomo made peace with Ryoshun and returned to Higo Province in 1392.

なお、南北朝時代 (日本)に懐良親王を擁した肥後国の豪族菊池氏は隆家の後裔と自称した。
Finally, the powerful Kikuchi clan of Higo Province, who supported Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) were self-styled descendants.

こうして南北朝時代が始まり、師基は、翌1337年（建武4年）1月に吉野朝廷に参内する。
The Period of the Northern and Southern Courts thus began and, in January of the following year 1337, Moromoto went to the Yoshino Imperial Court.

種子島氏は南北朝時代 (日本)から島津氏に属し、時尭は種子島氏の第十四代領主（島主）。
The Tanegashima clan belonged to the Shimazu clan since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and Tokitaka was the 14th feudal lord of the Tanegashima clan (the lord of the island).

楠木正綱（くすのきまさつな、1346年 - 没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Masatsuna KUSUNOKI (1346 - year of death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander), who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

現在では、道路照明灯、信号機、南北方向の交差道路の標柱などのデザインが統一されている。
Today in this section, the streetlights, traffic lights and signs guiding travelers to the north-south roads are of a unified design.

平安京の通りは東西、南北とも約120m間隔であり、京内は正方形状の町に区画されていた。
Both north-south and east-west roads in Heiankyo were arranged at intervals of about 120 meters, dividing Kyoto into square-shaped administrative districts.

南北から北北西-南南東方向に約20度傾いて設置されているところから、筋違道と呼ばれた。
The road was called Sujikaimichi Road (diagonal road) because it was oblique in the north-northwest to the south-southeast direction by about 20 degrees from the north-south line.

杉やカエデが鬱蒼と茂る池泉回遊式庭園で、明治期に改修されているが南北朝時代の姿も残す。
This Japanese style garden with a path around a central pond features thick Japanese cedar and maple trees and retains its Northern and Southern Court period appearance despite having been renovated during the Meiji period.

伽藍配置は南を正面として、東西棟の金堂の東側に、南北に3基の塔を並べる設計とみられる。
It seems that the complex was designed to be oriented to the south, and on the east of Kondo (main hall) which was supposed to be the structure lying east and west, three pagodas were planned to be constructed in a row in a north-south direction.

『ジョニー』は、南部同盟の軍人へのあだ名として南北戦争で連邦政府の軍人によって使われた
`Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War

石室は凝灰岩の切石を組み立てたもので、南側に墓道があり、南北方向に長い平面をもっている。
The stone chamber consists of layers of tuff cut stones with a corridor to the grave in the south and a plane stretching north-south.

その年代は前漢代から魏晋南北朝時代までにわたったが、その数はせいぜい数百本程度であった。
The ages of mokkans ranged from the Former Han period to the Wei-Jin-Nanbeichao period, but the amount was not more than several hundreds.

五辻宮（いつつじのみや）は鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代のころまで存在していた宮家の一つ。
The Itsutsujinomiya family is one of the households of Imperial princes that existed in the late Kamakura Period to the early Southern and Northern Court period.

南北朝時代以降、皇后の冊立が絶え、その間は皇后宮・中宮の呼称も用いられることがなかった。
The empresses were not installed after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and the names of Kisai no miya and chugu were not used.

南北朝時代には公宗の子西園寺実俊が北朝 (日本)に仕えて右大臣にのぼり、家名を再興する。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Kinmune's son Sanetoshi SAIONJI served Hokucho (Japan) and rose to the post of minister of the right, whereby the family name was restored.

南北朝時代 (日本)に一時分裂したが、北朝 (日本)方二条良基のもとで勢力を取り戻した。
The Nijo Family was once schismatized during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but it regained power under Yoshimoto NIJO, who was on the Northern Dynasty (Japan) side.

南北朝時代 (日本)に入ると家督争いが起こり、当主・大内弘幸と叔父の鷲頭長広が抗争した。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), a succession dispute arose, and the family head, Hiroyuki OUCHI conflicted with his uncle, Nagahiro WASHIZU.

京内は東西南北に走る大路・小路によって40丈（約120m）四方の「町」に分けられていた。
The inner capital was subdivided into 'Machi/Cho' (town) of approx. 120 sq. meter by Oji (main avenue) and Koji (small alley) which ran east-west and north-south.

網野善彦は職能民など非農民層に着目し、南北朝時代が日本史の転換期にあたると主張している。
Yoshihiko AMINO focused on people with occupations other than farmers and suggested that the Nanbokucho period was a transitional time in Japanese history.

それが変化してくるのは、鎌倉時代も終わった南北朝時代 (日本)、『太平記』の時代である。
This began to change in the period of 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts when the Kamakura period ended.

当時は南北朝時代 (日本)の内乱期であり、公事や朝儀は振るわず、歌道もその影響を受けた。
As Japan was in the state of civil war during the Northern and Southern period (Japan), kuji (political operations of the Imperial Court) and chogi (ceremonies at the Imperial Court) were inert at that time and the art of waka poetry was also affected.

藤原宮は、南北約600m、東西約240mにおよぶ日本で最大の規模を持つ朝堂院遺構である。
The Fujiwara Palace was Chodo-in (the main administration building) remnants which boasts the largest scale in Japan, about 600 meters from north to south and 240 meters from east to west.

「城内には、南北と東西に9条ずつの街路を交差させ、幅は車のわだち（8尺）の9倍とする。」
In the capital city, nine streets running east to west and nine streets running north to south were arranged in the grid pattern; moreover, the width of each street was set to be nine times that of a rut (242.4 centimeters).'

特に守護領国制や郷村制の形成が進んだ南北朝時代_(日本)以後によく見られるようになった。
It was often seen in and after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts when the formation of the Shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a Shugo dominates a manor) and the goson-sei (system of coalitions of villages) advanced.

北条時行（ほうじょうときゆき）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)の武将である。
Tokiyuki HOJO was a busho (Japanese military commander) from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

これに対し貞久は川上頼久らを薩摩に下向させ、南九州における南北朝の激戦が繰り広げられる。
To counter this, Sadahisa dispatched Yorihisa KAWAKAMI and others to Satsuma which sparked fierce battles between the Northern and Southern Dynasties in Southern Kyushu.

1536、龍王山にあった城を改修し、北側に新たに城を築いて南北一体の大規模な城を築いた。
1536: He reconstructed the castle at Ryuosan Mountain, and built another castle toward the north side and built the huge castle that combined North and Southern areas.

大森彦七盛長（おおもりひこしちもりなが）は、清和源氏に属する南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Morinaga Hikoshichi OMORI was a busho (Japanese military commander) of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

西大路通（にしおおじどおり）は、京都市中心市街地の西部に位置する主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Nishioji-dori Street, located west of the heart of Kyoto City, is one of the major north-south streets running in Kyoto City.

これは、京都市電の南北方向の路線である大宮線、千本線（1972年廃止）の経路によるもの。
This is because the north-south line of Kyoto Municipal Streetcar, Omiya-sen and Senbon-sen (abolished in 1972) takes this route.

この両系統が対立したことが、後の南北朝時代 (日本)分裂につながったことはよく知られる。
The connection between the opposition of these two imperial lines and the later split into the Northern and Southern Court period is well known.

多神社を笠縫邑の位置と比定するなら、これら古墳が、鏡に映した様に南北及び東西が逆になる。
If O-jinja Shrine were to be the presumed location of Kasanuimura, these ancient tombs' locations would be a mirror image, with the south and the north, and the east and the west switched.

一般に講談などでは南北奉行所は互いにライバル関係にあり仲が悪かったかのように描写される。
It is generally depicted, for example, in storytelling, that the kita (north) bugyo-sho office and the minami (south) bugyo-sho office were in a rival relationship and didn't get along with each other.

「兆域東西五町、南北四町、陵戸五姻）・同大内陵（藤原宮にあめのしたしろしめしし持統天皇。」
The graveyard of the mausoleum measures five-cho (1 cho is approximately 109 meters) from east to west and four-cho from north to south with five pairs of Ryoko (imperial tomb guard)) and in the said Ouchi no Misasagi (in which Empress Jito who governed this country in Fujiwara Kyu Palace also rests.

墳丘は3段築成で、東西45.5メートル、南北42.2メートル、高さ約9.1メートルである。
The tumulus has the three stage construction and is 45.5 meters long in east and west, 42.2 meters long in north and south, and about 9.1 meters high.

1392年（元中9年）、南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱を経て、南北朝和議の場として使用された。
The temple witnessed the upheaval of the Northern and Southern Courts period and in 1392 was used as the venue for peace negotiations between the Northern and Southern courts.

なお屋根の水引幕東西南北の中央に小さい房が下げられているが、これが房と言われるものである。
Small tassels called fusa are also hung from the central portion of the east, west, south, and north sides of the curtain (Mizuhiki-maku) on the hanging roof above the sumo ring.

奈良時代から南北朝時代には形状が不明であった索餅がこの時代を境に形状が解明されてきている。
The shape of sakubei, which had been unknown from the Nara period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, became clear during that time.

北朝（ほくちょう）とは、朝廷・王朝・国家などが南北に別れたとき、北側に所在するもののこと。
The term 'Northern Court' (hokucho in Japanese) describes the Japanese Imperial Court, dynasty, and government that broke off from the Southern Court and was located geographically north of its southern rival at Yoshino.

明徳3年（1392年）、南朝の後亀山天皇との和睦が成立し、神器は返還され南北朝合体が実現。
In 1392, peace was established with Emperor Gokameyama of the Southern Court and with the return of the Sacred Treasures, the Northern and Southern Courts were integrated.

日本では足利氏が奉じる京都の北朝と吉野朝廷（南朝）が対立する南北朝時代 (日本)であった。
In those days, Japan was in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) when the Northern Court in Kyoto supported by the Ashikaga clan confronted the Yoshino Court (the Southern Court).

北条高直（ほうじょうたかなお）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての武将。
Takanao HOJO is a busho (Japanese military commander) over the end of the Kamakura period and the early period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝合一後の応永元年（1394年）には正四位下蔵人頭（頭弁）に任ぜられ、左中弁に転じる。
In 1394, after the unification of the Southern and Northern Courts, he was appointed Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and transferred to Sachuben (Middle Controller of the Left).

平安京の東の端、東京極大路であった寺町通に代わり、現在の市街地東端の南北幹線と認識される。
It is now recognized as the north-south arterial street that forms the eastern border of the current downtown, replacing Teramachi-dori Street (once called Higasikyogoku-oji Street) as the eastern end of Heiankyo.

京から高野山への参詣路として使用されるとともに、河内国を南北に貫く数少ない街道でもあった。
In addition to being the road for pilgrimage to Mount Koya, it was also one of the very few routes crossing Kawachi Province in the north-south direction.

これは、通常の禅宗寺院が原則として南を正面とし、南北に主要建物を並べるのとは異なっている。
The layout of Tenryu-ji Temple is contrary to the general layout of Zen temple grounds that face south with major buildings aligned along the north-south axis.

19世紀にアメリカで勃発した南北戦争についての驚くべき歴史を、船に乗って学んでみませんか。
Come discover the fascinating history of the Civil War that gripped the U.S. in the 19th century, while on a boat!

南北163メートルにおよぶ細長い建物で、参殿者の休所や、もてなし、拝謁等多目的に使用される。
It is a long and narrow building extending 163 m from north to south, which is used for multiple purposes, including lounge and places for hospitality and audience for visitors.

南北朝動乱において、北朝方に立った上杉氏は、越後国南部から南朝方に属した新田氏らを放逐した。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Uesugi clan supported the Northern Court and ousted the Nitta clan and others who supported the Southern Court from the southern part of Echigo Province.

そこでは天皇の居住空間に相当する区画は東西152～158メートル、南北197メートルである。
The area, which corresponds to the emperor's residence, stretches 152 to 158 meters from east to west and 197 meters from north to south.

1333年に鎌倉幕府が滅亡し、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代には政治的中心地は京都に移る。
The Kamakura shogunate fell in 1333 and, from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period, the center of politics moved to Kyoto.

鶴屋南北 (4代目)（当時は勝諺蔵）作、1808年（文化 (元号)5年）7月江戸市村座初演。
It was written by Nanboku TSURUYA IV (at the time called Genzo KATSU) and first staged in July 1808 at the Edo Ichimura-za theater.

直仁親王は失意のうちに出家して父の御所であった萩原殿に隠退し、南北朝合一後にこの世を去った。
Imperial Prince Naohito was disappointed and became a priest; he retired into Hagiwaradono (Hagiwara palace), his father's palace, and passed away after the Southern and Northern courts were united.

『延喜式』諸陵によれば墓は｢三立岡墓」で、大和国広瀬郡にあり、東西6町南北4町で守戸はなし。
According to Shoryo (mausoleums) in 'the Engishiki' (an ancient book for codes and procedures on national rites and prayers), his tomb is 'Mitate no Oka no Haka' which is located in Hirose-gun County, Yamato Province and is six cho from east to west and four cho from north to south without Shuko (a guard in charge of the protection of a mausoleum).

彼らは、南北朝時代 (日本)に分岐した伏見宮系のいわゆる「旧皇族」よりも現皇室に親等が近い。
Kobetsu Sekke has a higher degree of kinship to the present Imperial Family than so-called 'the former imperial family' of Fushimi no miya lineage, which branched out in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)の坊城定資の子・勧修寺経顕（南北朝時代 (日本)）を勧修寺家の祖とする。
The founder of the Kajuji family was Tsuneaki KAJUJI, the son of Sadasuke BOJO who lived during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (1336-1392).

外形上もっとも整備された形では、南門から出る南北道と、これと交差する東西道が中心街路をなす。
In the Kokufu with the most sophisticated appearance, intersecting roads running north to south and east to west--the former started at the main gate of Kokucho--were the main streets.

それでも、田中義成などの一部の学者は「吉野朝」の表記に対して抗議している（南北朝正閏問題）。
Even then, some academics such as Yoshinari TANAKA have argued against using 'Yoshino-cho' (Nanbokucho-Seijun problem).

南北朝時代 (日本)に戦乱が全国に及ぶと、守護大名の力が増大し、国衙も支配するようになった。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when disturbances of war spread throughout the country, shugo daimyo (military governors) increased their power and started to govern Kokuga.

たとえば南北方向が7度傾いているとき、東西方向も直交するように7度傾いているのが通常である。
For example, if the north-south direction is tilted at a 7 degree angle, normally the east-west direction is also tilted so that they are at right angles to each other.

1386年（至徳3年）南北朝の争いで赤松一門が足利軍に組する中、氏範だけは南朝方に付いた。
In 1386 in the disturbance of Northern and Southern Courts, although Akamatsu family took the side of Ashikaga army, only Ujinori was on the side of Southern Court.

『増鏡』（南北朝時代_(日本)成立）には『とはずがたり』の文章が数段に渡って用いられている。
'Masukagami' (written in the Northern and Southern Court period of Japan) uses several paragraphs from 'Towazugatari.'

茶などの文化が発展した南北朝時代 (中国)には、陶淵明（365年 - 427年）が活躍した。
Tao Yuan-Ming (365 - 427) was popular in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties when culture, such as the tea ceremony, developed.

小早川祐景（こばやかわすけかげ）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての武将。
Sukekage KOBAYAKAWA is a busho (Japanese military commander) over the end of the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

今川範政（いまがわのりまさ）は、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代前期にかけての守護大名。
Norimasa IMAGAWA was shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts through the early Muromachi Period.

南北朝時代 (日本)当初は北朝方であり、四国の南朝方の得能通宗、忽那重清、土居通増らと戦う。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, he was of the Northern Court and fought against Michimune TOKUNO, Shigekiyo KUTSUNA, and Michimasu DOI of the Southern Court in Shikoku.

四条有資（しじょうありすけ、生没年不詳）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の吉野朝廷に仕えた公家。
Arisuke SHIJO (date of birth and death are unknown) was a court noble serving Yoshino Imperial Court in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

かつての平安京の朱雀大路の跡を南北に走る山陰本線が、五条通（国道9号）と交差する位置にある。
This station is located at the place where the Sanin Main Line, running in the north-south direction along the Suzaku-Oji Street dating from the Heian-kyo era, crosses Gojo-dori Street (National Route 9).

この地域はもともと平安京の範囲外だったが、市街地の拡大により南北方向の通りが北に延長された。
This area was once outside Heiankyo, but it was expanded by extending north-south streets in the northern direction.

コミュニティバスやわたは京阪バス男山営業所、八幡市南北線は京阪バス京田辺営業所の管轄である。
The Community Bus Yawata is operated by the Keihan Bus Co. Ltd. Otokoyama Management Office, while the Yawata City North-South Bus Route is operated by the Keihan Bus Kyotanabe Management Office.

東西約500メートル、南北約400メートル、ほぼ矩形だが厳密には東側から見て凸型となっている。
It is approximately rectangular, about 500 meters from east to west, and 400 meters from north to south, though it does have a slight 凸 shape, looking from the east.

安居院唱導教団（あぐいしょうどうきょうだん）は日本の南北朝時代 (日本)の仏教宗派の1つ。
Agui Shodo Kyodan was one of religious branches of Buddhism during the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan).

少なくとも南北朝時代 (日本)の14世紀の半ばには、既に盛んに行われていたことが分かっている。
It is confirmed that many kanjin-Noh performances were already held in the middle of the 14th century at the latest, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

また、書き換え狂言としては「女団七」や鶴屋南北 (4代目)の傑作「謎帯一寸徳兵衛」などがある。
Moreover, 'Onna Danshichi' (female Danshichi), 'Nazoobi Issun Tokube,' the masterpiece by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth), and others are included as kakikae (rewritten) kyogen.

畝傍山から約東北に300m離れていおり、東西500m、南北約400mの広大な領域を占めている。
It is about 300 meters northeast from Mount Unebi, and covers a large area, which is 500m from east to west and 400m from north to south.

江戸時代から一般的であった南北朝時代の史観が、明治時代の万世一系では不適当とされた事例である。
This is the case that the historical view of the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts, which had been common since the Edo period, was denied during the Meiji period.

楠木氏（くすのきし）は、河内国の豪族で、南北朝時代_(日本)に活躍した南朝 (日本)方の武家。
The Kusunoki clan was Gozoku, a local ruling family of the Kawachi Province, and a samurai family of the Southern Court of Japan.

区の南西端、鴨川の東、二条通りの南北の地区の町名は、広域地名を冠称しない単独町名となっている。
In Sakyo Ward the independent town names which are not prefixed by broader regional names are found along the south-western border, east of Kamo-gawa River, and north and south of Nijo-dori Street.

南北朝時代_(日本)（吉野朝時代）、南朝_(日本)（吉野朝廷）の日本の首都となった地域の一つ。
It was a part of the area which became the capital of Japan under the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Yoshino-cho period).

南北朝時代 (日本)、後醍醐天皇らが鎌倉幕府を滅ぼして建武の新政を開始し、武家政権は中断する。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, Emperor Godaigo and his people destroyed the Kamakura bakufu and started the Kenmu Restoration, and thus the military government was discontinued.

南北朝時代 (日本)以降、土地を与えられ自立する下人が現れるなど身分環境に変動が起こってくる。
Since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), their circumstances of social statuses had begun to change and, for example, some of the genin became independent based on the lands they were given.

南北朝時代には室町幕府の守護が自らの家人に対して、官途状を発給し、事実上の官職の私称を許した。
In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, shugo of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued written appointments to their kenin, who were effectively allowed to call themselves governmental or provincial officers.

第二の統一王朝高麗は半島の南北から租税の米穀を首都の開城に廻送するために海上ルートを利用した。
The second unified kingdom Goryeo used routes on the sea to send tax rice collected from the north and south to its capital Kaesong.

南北の大路（条）と東西の大路（坊）を碁盤の目状に組み合わせた左右対称で方形の都市プランである。
The Jobosei-type city was built in a symmetrical and square shape and streets were organized so that the Oji (jo) streets that ran south to north and the Oji (bo) streets that ran east to west were arranged in a grit pattern.

その後は有力者を輩出できず没落、南北朝時代 (日本)期の高階寛経を最後に、公卿が出なくなった。
After them, the clan didn't have influential people then fell to obscurity; after TAKASHINA no Hirotsune in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan, no court nobles came from the Takashina clan.

南北朝時代 (日本)には一時は北朝 (日本)方に属し、後に吉野の南朝 (日本)へ出奔している。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, he initially belonged to the Northern Court, and later defected to the Southern Court in Yoshino.

楠木正成（くすのきまさしげ）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての河内の武将。
Masashige KUSUNOKI was a military commander who lived in Kawachi Province from the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

京都駅八条口は南北自由通路に近いところ、京都駅八条口アバンティ前は八条東口に近いところにある。
The bus stop at the Hachijo-guchi of Kyoto Station is situated near the Nanboku-Jiyu-Tsuro, and the bus stop in front of Kyoto Hachijo-guchi Avanti is near the Hachijo Higashi-guchi.

大仏殿は2000年の発掘調査により東西約55m、南北約90mの規模であったことが判明している。
Excavations conducted in 2000 established that the Great Buddha hall measured approximately 55 meters from east-to-west and 90 meters from north-to-south.

南北10丈、東西3丈の朱色の玉垣を三方に廻らし、各殿内に神体はなくサカキが置かれていたという。
There was a vermilion fence surrounding the shrine, 30.3 m from north to south and 9.09 m from east to west, and there were no objects in which the deity resided inside the buildings, but sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto) was placed inside.

設置された理由や職務内容はあまり定かではないが、南北町奉行所の補助役として設置されたとされる。
It is not clear why the office was introduced and what its job was, but it is said that the office was established to support the kita- and minami-machi-bugyo-sho offices.

東西110メートル、南北80メートルの城主居館跡は矩形をなし、その周囲は土塁がめぐらされている。
The remains of the lord's residence are rectangular, 110 meters in the east-west direction and 80 meters in the north-south direction, and the residential area was surrounded by earthworks.

南北朝時代 (日本)の第七世法明が中興とされ、大念仏寺住職を選出する六別時制度を定めたとされる。
The 7th Homyo in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) was regarded as the restorer and established the system of Roku Betsuji (六別時制度) which selected the chief priest of Dainenbutsu-ji Temple.

南北朝時代 (中国)には三論宗・成実宗などの経学が流行し、これらの流れがさらに東へ伝播していく。
In the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), keigaku (study of Keisho in Confucianism) such as the Sanron sect and the Jojitsu sect became popular, and such stream was further transmitted to east.

特に鶴屋南北 (4代目)の『浮世柄比翼稲妻』（稲妻草紙）の「御存鈴ヶ森」の場はその代表作である。
Especially, the scene, 'gozonji suzugamori' of 'Ukiyozukahiyokunoinazuma' (inazuma soshi) written by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth) is the most important work.

『絵本合法衢』（えほんがっぽうがつじ、旧字体：繪本）は、四代目鶴屋南北作の歌舞伎狂言の演目。
'Ehon Gappo ga Tsuji' (A Picture Book of the Crossroads of Gappo) is a Kabuki Kyogen play written by Nanboku TSURUYA the fourth.

静尊法親王（じょうそんほっしんのう、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代にかけての法親王。
Monk-Imperial Prince Joson (date of birth and death unknown) was the Monk-Imperial Prince from the latter half of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

信玄期以前においても『吾妻鏡』の史料批判による鎌倉時代の研究や、南北朝・室町期の研究も行われた。
The study was conducted on the pre-Shingen era based upon the criticism of 'Azuma Kagami' as well as on the Northern and Southern period and the Muromachi period.

南北朝時代に10代武田信武が足利尊氏に属して戦功を上げた結果、甲斐国と安芸国の守護に任命された。
The clan was appointed to the shugo of both Kai Province and Aki Province during the Northern and Southern Court period after the tenth head Nobutake Takeda achieved distinguished war service under Takauji ASHIKAGA.

それまで福知山市内を走る鉄道は、南北に分断するように走っており市内の交通を阻害するものであった。
The railroad running through Fukuchiyama City severed the north and south areas of the city, impeding transportation.

南北朝時代 (日本)の公卿、北畠顕家は船越御所と称され、子孫一門は戸木御所、袰綿御所と称された。
Akiie KITABATAKE, a high noble in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), was referred to as Funakoshi Gosho, and his descendants were called Heki Gosho or Horowata Gosho.

鳥羽殿は南北朝時代 (日本)の内乱で荒廃するまで歴代の治天の君の拠点として政治的な意味も持った。
Until it fell into ruin due to the civil wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Toba-dono Palace held political significance as a base for the successive generations of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power).

更に奥州支配を進める伊達氏によって佐竹義重 (十八代当主)は南北両方面での戦いを余儀なくされた。
In addition, Yoshishige SATAKE (the eighteenth family head) was forced by the Date clan, that had been expanding its governance in Oshu, to fight both in the north and south sides.

しかし、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代を経て私枡がますます隆盛し、宣旨枡も公的な性格を失った。
During the period of Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period, however, private measures became increasingly prosperous and Senjimasu also lost its public character.

四至（しいし/しし）とは、古代・中世における所領・土地の東西南北の境界を指して呼んだ呼称である。
The term 'Shishi' (also pronounced Shiishi) referred to the northern, southern, eastern, and western boundaries of a tract of territory/land in ancient and medieval times.

「その地は、東西南北がおのおの数千里あり、西南は海に至り、東北隅は大山をもって隔てられている。」
The land extended several thousand 'ri,' (ri [里] is about 3.927km)' from northeast to southwest respectively, and was bounded by the sea on the southwest, and the border of northeast was a huge mountain. '

南北朝時代 (日本)に入ると、公家法でも武家法と同じように悔返を広く認める方向に転換していった。
When the period of the Northern and Southern Courts began, Kuikaeshi was widely allowed in Kugeho as in Bukeho.

後半は、貞世が実地に経験した南北朝時代 (日本)の後半から室町時代の初期の出来事が記されている。
The latter half is about the incidents which Sadayo actually experienced from the late Northern and Southern Dynasties (Japan) to the early Muromachi period.

峰千助 → 鶴峰丑左衛門 → 鶴屋孫太郎 → 二代目姥尉輔 → 二代目勝俵蔵 → 五代目鶴屋南北
Sensuke MINE -> Ushizaemon TSURUMINE -> Magotaro TSURUYA -> 2-daime (second generation) Josuke UBA -> 2-daime Hyozo KATSU -> 5- daime (fifth generation) Nanboku TSURUYA

南北朝時代 (日本)に日野俊光の四男柳原資明が居住していた柳原殿を名字として起こした家柄である。
This family was founded by Sukeakira YANAGIWARA, who was the fourth son of Toshimitsu HINO, in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts using the name of the Yanagiwara dono where Sukeakira lived as the family name.

だが、南北朝時代_(日本)の康永元年（1342年）3月20日に火災にあって寺の南半分が失われる。
However, the entire southern half of the temple was lost to a fire that broke out on the 20th day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the Northern and Southern Court period (1342).

アメリカ南北戦争中の南軍の将軍で、チャタヌーガの戦いでグラントに破れた（1817年−1876年）
Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)

南北方向に平行な状態で位置する一連の狭い氷河湖にちなんで命名されたニューヨーク州中央の地理的地域
a geographical area in central New York State that is named for a series of narrow glacial lakes that lie parallel in a north-south direction

南北朝時代から室町時代を経て戦国時代 (日本)にかけての岩切城は、留守氏の居城として知られている。
From the Northern and Southern Courts period to the Muromachi and Sengoku (warring states) periods, Iwakiri-jo Castle was known as the residence of the Rusu clan.

内部は東西約70-80メートル、南北約50-65メートルで、約4,100平方メートルの広さがある。
The interior measures approximately 70-80m from east to west, and approximately 50-65m from north to south, with a surface area of approximately 4,100 square meters.

かう経文は分明なれども、南北の大智の諸人の迷うて有りし経文なれば、末代の学者能く能く眼をとどむべし
However, since there have been disputes among scholars around the world over the value of the Nirvana Sutra, the scholars for generations need to examine it closely.

京には東西2町南北4町に及ぶとされる神泉苑や冷泉院、朱雀院、淳和院などの庭園があったとされている。
It is said that in Kyoto, there were large gardens like the Shinsen-en garden, said to be as large as east to west approximately 218m and north to south approximately 436m, Reiszei-in imperial villa, Suzaku-in imperial villa and Junna-in imperial villa.

19世紀後半期の並木五瓶以降は、江戸歌舞伎の鶴屋南北や河竹黙阿弥のような優れた脚本家は出なかった。
After Gohei NAMIKI, who lived in the latter half of the 19th century, no excellent script writers comparable to Nanboku TSURUYA and Mokuami KAWATAKE of Edo Kabuki appeared.

なお、蕎麦の2字で「そば」と読むようになった初出は南北朝時代 (日本)に書かれた『拾芥抄』である。
Soba written with 2 kanji characters, 蕎麦 (meaning soba mugi or buckwheat) as it is today first appeared in 'Shugaisho' (Compendium of fragments, attributed to Kinkata TOIN) written in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

延喜諸陵式には「奈良山東陵」とあり、兆域は「東西三町南北五町」とし、守戸五烟を配し、遠陵に列した。
According to Engi shoryo-shiki (codes and procedures on national rites for mausoleums), the name of the mausoleum was 'Narayama no higashi no misasagi' (literally, Mt. Nara east mausoleum), the graveyard size being '3-cho (approximately 327.3 meters wide) in an east-west direction, and 5-cho (approximately 545.5 meters long) in a north-south direction,' which was provided with five Shuko households (the term Shuko refers to grave keepers) and the mausoleum was counted as an Enryo (a mausoleum of emperor or empress distantly related to the present Emperor).

南北朝時代 (日本)中期に上冷泉家（かみれいぜいけ）・下冷泉家（しもれいぜいけ）の2家に分かれた。
The family split into two, the Kami Reizei family and the Shimo Reizei family, midway through the Northern and Southern Courts Period (of Japan).

南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱では、足利将軍家の一門として、北朝 (日本)・室町幕府方として活躍した。
At the disturbance in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Hosokawa clan actively involved as a family of the Ashikaga Shogunal family, and took the side of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of the Northern Court (Japan).

海底地形は、冠島と沓島両島の東側は比高60m以上の急崖を形成しており、南北走向の断層が推定される。
The bottom topography of the eastern part of both islands, Kanmuri-jima Island and Kutsu-jima island, consists of a steep cliff nearly 60m high, and a fault is presumed to run from north to south.

明徳3年（1392年）に足利義満がまとめた南北朝合一に際しても、両統迭立の理念が再度持ち出された。
The concept of Ryoto tetsuritsu was again brought up upon the union of Northern and Southern Dynasties that Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA concluded in 1392.

南北朝時代_(日本)にも継承されたが、院政の機能が室町幕府に吸収された14世紀末期には形骸化した。
Although it was still held in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, hyojohajime of Insei became only a name at the end of the 14th century when the Muromachi bakufu took over the government function of Insei.

ほぼ東西南北の正方形構造なので、その矢倉には方角にちなみ艮矢倉、巽矢倉、坤矢倉、乾矢倉の名である。
Each corner of the square shaped Honmaru area was pointing to the four points of the compass, and the watchtowers at each corner were named after the directions: Ushitora yagura, Tatsumi yagura, Hitsujisaru yagura, Inui yagura.

南北朝時代 (中国)には一時中華の内部に複数の皇帝が出現し、天下の政治的分裂という現象が見られた。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (China), a plural number of emperors appeared in China and the phenomenon of political division of Tenka was seen.

園太暦（えんたいりゃく）は、「中園太政大臣」と称された南北朝時代 (日本)の公卿・洞院公賢の日記。
Entairyaku is a diary of Kinkata TOIN, a court noble called 'Nakazono Dajodaijin' (Grand Minister) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

南宗画は17世紀に明末の理論家によって、禅の流派名から作られた概念で、地理的な南北とは関係がない。
Nansoga (Southern Sung painting) is an idea which was created from the name of a Zen school by a theorist who lived in the Ming dynasty during the 17th century, and it has nothing to do with geographical north and south.

鶴屋南北を襲名した者は5名を数えるが、単に鶴屋南北または南北というと、通常はこの四代目ことをさす。
There were five persons succeeded to the professional name Nanboku TSURUYA, but when it is simply referred to as Nanboku TSURUYA or Nanboku, it usually indicates Nanboku TSURUYA IV.

峰千助 → 鶴峰丑左衛門 → 鶴屋孫太郎 → 二代目姥尉輔 → 二代目勝俵蔵 → 五代目鶴屋南北。
峰千助=>鶴峰丑左衛門=>Magotaro TSURUYA=>Josuke UBA the second=>Hyozo KATSU the second=>Nanboku TSURUYA the fifth.

国分氏 (陸奥国)は南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代 (日本)末まで宮城郡南部を領した一族である。
The Kokubun family reigned over the southern area of Miyagi County from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Sengoku period (Japan).
The Kokubun family reigned over the southern area of Miyagi County from the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan) to the Sengoku period (Japan).

南北朝期には京都白河 (洛外)の本座（一忠など）、奈良の新座（喜阿弥、増阿弥など）が知られていた。
It is known that in the period of Northern and Southern Courts, there were Hon-za (literally, a genuine organization) (by Icchu and others) in Shirakawa of Kyoto (outside of the capital, Kyoto) and Shin-za (literally, a new organization) in Nara.

左京区下鴨の中央を南北に貫き、南は鴨川 (淀川水系)に架かる新葵橋を介してそのまま河原町通に続く。
The street runs through the center of Shimogamo, Sakyo Ward, south east, and continues to run up to Kawaramachi-dori Street through the Shin Aoi-bashi Bridge which is on the Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River series).

4町ごとに走る東西路は一条大路、二条大路・・、南北路は一坊大路、二坊大路・・、と名付けられていた。
The east-west streets which run every four cho (approximately 436 m) were called Ichijo-oji, Nijo-oji and so on, while the north-south streets were called Ichibo-oji, Nibo-oji and so on.

この道はまた、平城京の東端を南北に通っていた東七坊大路（東大寺と興福寺の境をなす）の延長でもある。
This road was also an extension of the street called Higashi Shichibo Oji (used as a border of Todai-ji Temple and Kofuku-ji Temple), which ran along the eastern end of Heijo-kyo from north to south.

アメリカの高校生で、南北戦争が１８６１年から１８６５年までの間に起こったことをしらないものが多い。
Many American high-school students do not know that the Civil War took place between 1861 and 1865.

特に鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけては優品が作られ、多くは国宝や重要文化財に指定されている。
Excellent works of chinzo were born particularly from the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and many of them are now designated as the national treasure or the important cultural property.

南北朝時代 (日本)にかけては、白雲恵暁・可翁宗然・玉畹梵芳・黙庵霊淵・頂雲霊峰などが知られている。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the following monks are known as gaso: Hakuun Egyo, Kao Sonen, Gyokuen Bonbo, Mokuan Reien, and Choun Reiho.

南北朝時代 (日本)には斯波家長、ついで斯波家兼が「奥州総大将」として奥羽での軍事指揮権を発動した。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Ienaga SHIBA and then Iekane SHIBA exercised the right of military command over the Ou region as 'Supreme Commander of Oshu.'

進氏（しんし）は南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて伯耆国西部（西伯耆）に勢力を持っていた国人。
The Shin clan was a local ruling family who was influential in the western part of Hoki Province (West Hoki) from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period.

- 建物はA通（東西方向の道）に面しており、B通（南北方向の道）との交差点から西に入った地点にある。
The building faces A-dori Street (a street going east and west) and is located in the spot which is in the west from the intersection with B-dori Street (a street going north and south).

- 建物はC通（南北方向の道）に面しており、D通（東西方向の道）との交差点から北に入った地点にある。
The building faces C-dori Street (a street going north and south) and is located in the spot which is in the north from the intersection with D-dori Street (a street going east and west).

この神社の東方に東西約30メートル、南北10メートルの広場に高さ約2メートルほどの岩がたくさんある。
There are a number of rocks as tall as 2 meters in the place, about 30 meters from east to west, and 10 meters from south to north, to the east of the shrine.

また、南北朝時代 (日本)の混乱に乗じて、在庁官人から守護へ成長した者（例：大内氏）もいたのである。
Also, considering the anarchy in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), some zaichokanjin grew up to be shugo (for example, the Ouchi clan).

このように南北朝時代に善光寺平北部地域一帯から越後の一部にまで及ぶ勢力拡大に成功した様子が伺われる。
The Takanashi clan was successful in dominating the northern parts of Zenkojidaira and a part of Echigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

『後漢書』（南北朝時代、432年成立）には、57年に倭奴国王が後漢光武帝から漢委奴国王印を授かった。
'History of the Later Han Dynasty' (the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, established in 432) describes that Wano Nano Kokuo (the King of Japan) received Kanno Wano Nano Kokuo Kinin (the Golden Seal of the King of Japan, Chinese Colony) from Kobu-tei (Emperor Guangwu) of The Later Han Dynasty in 57.

翌年、南北合派の窪田雪鷹、大角南耕に絵の手ほどきを受け、南画を小田海僊に、大和絵を浮田一惠に学んだ。
The following year, he was taught a mixture of various styles of painting from Setsuyo KUBOTA and Nanko OSUMI, as well as Nanga (Chinese style painting) from Kaisen ODA and Yamato-e (classical Japanese style painting) from Ikkei UKITA.

南北朝時代 (日本)の乱が起きると、当初は島津宗家5代当主の島津貞久とともに足利尊氏に協力していた。
When the disturbance of Northern and Southern Court began, he supported Takauji ASHIKAGA along with Sadahisa SHIMAZU, the fifth family head of the Shimazu Soke family, in the beginning.

これに対して強く反発したのが郡の中央部で南北に分断される事になる香取郡の郡長であった庸之助であった。
And it was Yonosuke who was Guncho of Katori County which would be divided by the central line of the county into the north and south parts, that strongly opposed to this campaign.

北岸に笠置町役場と笠置小学校があり、笠置大橋（京都府道・奈良県道4号笠置山添線）が南北を結んでいる。
Kasagi Town Hall and Kasagi Elementary School are located on the north bank of the river, and the Kasagi-Ohashi Bridge (Kyoto and Nara prefectural road No.4, Kasagi Yamazoe Route) connects the north and south sides.

京都市の中心部の東西・南北の通りの名を覚えるために、通りの名前を編み込んだ唄がいくつか知られている。
There are several well-known traditional songs whose words are made up of the names of the east-west and north-south running streets of central Kyoto City, to help learn the names by heart.

これにより京の街路は南北120m、東西60m間隔で長方形状に区画されることとなり、現在に至っている。
Through this, rectangle-shaped districts were created bordered by north-south streets at 120-meter intervals and east-west streets at 60-meter intervals, and continue to exist to this day.

1338年（延元3年・暦応元年）に、和泉久米田寺を始めとし、以後南北朝時代中期にはほとんど完成した。
The first was Kumeda-dera Temple in Izumi Province which was completed in 1338, and the majority were later completed during the mid-Northern and Southern Courts period.

塔・金堂を囲む回廊は、東西約81m、南北約72m、寺域は東西約175m、南北約115mと推定される。
The corridors encircling the pagoda and main hall measured approximately 81 m east to west and approximately 72 m north to south, with the temple precinct estimated to have occupied an area of approximately 175 m east to west by approximately 115 m north to south.

南北朝時代 (日本)には勅願寺となって寺運も興隆したが、応仁の乱の兵火により伽藍を焼失し寺運も衰えた。
The temple's fortunes rose as a chokugan-ji (temple built at the order of the Emperor) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but they dwindled after the Buddhist temple was burned down in a fire caused by the Onin War.

南北朝時代 (日本)に入る頃には、「大紋」といった直垂に家紋が縫いつけられた衣服が武士の間で普及する。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) the clothes, Hitatare (ancient ceremonial court robe) to which Kamon such as 'Daimon' were sewn, became popular among samurai.

その他の説として、南北朝時代に元 (王朝)から禅僧の往来や貿易によって伝えられたもの、という説がある。
There are other theories that somen was transferred from the Yuan Dynasty through exchanges of zen monks and trading in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

行円法親王（ぎょうえんほっしんのう、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての法親王。
Cloistered Imperial Prince Gyoen (years of birth and death unknown) was a cloistered imperial prince during the Kamakura and Northern and Southern Court periods.

その後、次男の北条時行が南北朝時代_(日本)の戦乱の中で捕らえられて処刑されたために、家系は途絶えた。
Later, Takatoki's second son, Tokiyuki HOJO, was caught and executed during the wars that took place in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), resulting in the extinction of the family line.

高野山（和歌山県伊都郡高野町）と熊野本宮大社（和歌山県田辺市本宮町）を結び、紀伊山地を南北に縦走する。
It connects Mt. Koya (Koya-cho, Ito County, Wakayama Prefecture) and Kumano Hongu-taisha Shrine (Hongu-cho, Tanabe City, Wakayama Prefecture), and extends north and south in the Kii Mountains.

1911年（明治44年）、いわゆる南北朝正閏論を収拾するため、明治天皇の勅裁により南朝が正統とされた。
In 1911, the so called Nanbokucho Seijun-ron (argument about which dynasty is legal) was settled by the Imperial sanction of the Emperor Meiji who chose the Southern Court.

後、元朝によって南宋が亡ぼされた結果、南北中国の交流が始まり、朱子学は漸く華北にも地歩を築くに至った。
Later, when the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Southern Song Dynasty, relations developed between northern and southern China and Shushigaku began expanding into northern China.

そこで、後世（鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代）の鎌倉側の記録に戻るが、『鎌倉年代記裏書』によるとこうある。
Therefore, returning to the records on the Kamakura side in a later era (from towards the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts), 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki' includes the following description:

墓所は鎌倉に功臣山報国寺 (鎌倉市)で、家時は開基とされるが、報国寺の開基は南北朝期の上杉重兼である。
His graveyard is located in Koshinzan Hokoku-ji Temple (Kamakura City), and it is considered that Ietoki was Kaiki (patron of a temple in its founding); however, Kaiki of Hokoku-ji Temple was Shigekane UESUGI in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

二条家・京極家の家系は南北朝時代 (日本)までに断絶し、冷泉家（上冷泉家・下冷泉家）のみが残っている。
The Nijo and Kyogoku families perished by the Nanbokucho Period and the Reizei family (the Kami-Reizei and Shimo-Reizei families) alone has remained to this day.

朝倉氏は元は越前国（福井県）の土豪であったが、南北朝時代 (日本)を経て越前守護斯波氏の重臣となった。
The Asakura clan was originally a powerful local clan in Echizen Province (Fukui Prefecture) that became the senior vassal of the military governor of Echizen, the Shiba clan, after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

(子孫は)少なくとも南北朝時代 (日本)期までは続いていたことを『尊卑分脈』等で確認することができる。
The family's existence can be traced back at least to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts by the documents such as 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy).

南北自由通路には公募により「のどかめロード（「のどか」と「亀岡」の合成造語）」の愛称が付けられている。
The free passage that runs north and south was called 'Nodo-Kame Road' (a synthesized term of 'nodoka' (calm) and 'Kameoka'), which was chosen from entries submitted by the public.

この駅の南北を横切る、大手筋通と油掛通の間隔がホームの長さとなっており、ちょうど7両分ぴったりである。
The length of the platforms, enough to accommodate seven-car trains, is determined by the distance between the Otesuji-dori Street and Aburakake-dori Street, which are respectively located on the north and south side of the station.

基壇の規模は、金堂が東西14.2メートル、南北12.5メートル、塔はいずれも9.5メートル四方を測る。
The stylobate of Kondo measures 14.2 m from east to west and 12.5 m from north to south, and that of each pagoda was a 9.5 m by 9.5 m square..

金峯山寺の所在する吉野山は、古来桜の名所として知られ、南北朝時代 (日本)には南朝の中心地でもあった。
Mt. Yoshino where Kinpusen-ji Temple is located has been known for beautiful cherry blossoms since ancient times and was the center of the Southern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

平安初期に伝来した密教との結びつきが強く、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)には独自の立場を確立した。
This religion became strongly connected to Esoteric Buddhism that was brought to Japan in the early Heian Period, and in the era from the latter half of the Kamakura Period to the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan), its unique position was established.

これ以後の教科書では、文部省は後醍醐天皇から南北朝合一までの時代を「吉野朝時代」と記述するようになった。
After this incident, the description of the era between Emperor Godaigo and the united era of the Southern and the Northern Courts in the textbook from the Ministry of Education was rewritten as 'era of Yoshino Court.'

鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)の庭田重資（1306年 - 1389年）以降、権大納言を極官とする。
From the time of Shigesuke NIWATA (1306 - 1389) onwards, between late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the top rank attained by the family was the Junior Chief Councillor of State.

藤原氏系土御門家（日野家）…南北朝時代 (日本)の柳原資明（柳原家の祖）の子・土御門保光を祖とする公家。
The Tsuchimikado family of the Fujiwara lineage (the Hino family) was a kuge founded by Yasumitsu TSUCHIMIKADO, the child of Sukeakira YANAGIWARA (the founder of the Yanagiwara family) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

このため、かなり歪んだ形ではあるが、南北3本・東西3本の六大路により碁盤の目状の道路網が形成されていた。
Therefore the six oji--three north-to-south oji streets and three east-to-west oji streets formed a grid, although largely distorted.

ここは瀬戸内と京都の間の水運の拠点で、海上・河川の船の積替え場であり、淀川を南北に渡る渡し場でもあった。
Watanabe no tsu used to be the center of water transportation system between Setouchi and Kyoto, the delivery platform of the sea and river, and also the ferry connecting the north and south side of Yodo-gawa River.

これ以後1392年までが南北朝時代で、吉野朝廷には後村上天皇・長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の南朝側天皇が続いた。
This is the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts which lasted until 1392, and in the Yoshino Court, Emperor Gomurakami, Emperor Chokei, and Emperor Gokameyama from the Southern Court side took power in sequence.

第二次世界大戦後も南朝が正統とされているが、歴史の実態に合わせて再び「南北朝時代」の用語が主流になった。
The Southern Court was still officially considered the legitimate Imperial Court after the Second World War, but in harmony with the historical reality, the term 'Nanbokucho period' once again came into widespread use.
The Southern Court is still considered to be legitimate after World War II, but the term 'Nanbokucho period' entered the mainstream again based on the actual situation of history.

だが、これだけでは必ずしも十分でないため南北朝時代 (日本)・戦国時代 (日本)という区分を設けている。
However, since this classification is not always complete enough, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in Japan) and the Sengoku period (in Japan) are also included in the classification as well.

南北朝時代 (日本)の全国的な動乱を経て、畿内に発生した村落という新たな結合形態は各地へ拡大していった。
Through nationwide wars in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), a new style of connection called a village, which appeared in the Kinai region, spread to other regions.

南北朝時代 (日本)には小国政光が、天神山城 (越後国)を拠点に越後での南朝 (日本)方として活躍した。
During the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan), Masamitsu OGUNI played an active role on the part of the Southern Court army in Echigo, based in Tenjinyama-jo Castle.

伽藍は、ほぼ南北に通る中軸線上に南から南門・中門・塔・金堂・講堂が一直線上に並んでいる四天王寺式である。
The temple's design resembled that of Shitenno-ji Temple, with the Nanmon (South Gate), Chumon (Central Gate), pagoda, kondo (main hall) and kodo (lecture hall) running in a straight line from south to north.

足利尊氏（あしかがたかうじ、1305年-1358年）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Takauji ASHIKAGA (1305-58) was a general from the late Kamakura period to the Northern and Southern Courts period.

小早川重景（こばやかわしげかげ、生没年未詳）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての武将。
Shigekage KOBAYAKAWA (year of birth and death unknown) is a busho (Japanese military commander) over the end of the Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝合一を達成して将軍権力を確立した義満が、了俊の九州における勢力拡大や独自の外交権を危険視していた。
Yoshimitsu accomplished the unification of the Northern and Southern Courts and gained power of the shogun, but he considered Ryoshun's force and diplomatic right dangerous.

宗胤は下総を離れたため、南北朝時代であったこともあり宗胤の弟・千葉胤宗に千葉氏の下総の本領を横領された。
Because Munetane left Shimousa Province, and also because it was in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, his honryo (main domain) in Shimousa Province was usurped by Munetane's younger brother, Tanemune CHIBA.

1331年の元弘の乱以降、後醍醐天皇に対して忠勤を励み、南北朝分裂後も一貫して南朝 (日本)側に仕えた。
After the Genko War in 1331, he showed loyalty to Emperor Godaigo and after the split of the the Northern and Southern Courts, he consistently worked for the Southern Court.

国分氏 (陸奥国)は、南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代 (日本)まで陸奥国宮城郡南部を領した武士である。
The Kokubun clan (in Mutsu Province) is samurai, who had possessed the southern part of Miyagi County, Mutsu Province from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Sengoku period (period of warring states).

尭尋（ぎょうじん、生年不詳 -1412年?）は、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代中期にかけての僧・歌人。
Gyojin (year of his birth is not clear - 1412 ?) was a Buddhist monk cum waka poet in the period of the Northern and Southern courts (Japan) to the mid-Muromachi period.

身障者対応エレベーターは中央口南側2基設置され、コンコース地上間は南北2つの駅ビルの中に設置されている。
Elevators in the station building are available for disabled people, with two located on the south side of the central entrance and one each, from the concourse to street level, in the north and south station buildings.

なおこの開通により京奈道路木津インターチェンジから橿原市内まで南北に4車線の道路が開通することとなった。
With the opening of this section, the four-lane road running north and south from the Kizu Interchange of Keina Road to Kashihara City was opened to traffic.

鴨川 (淀川水系)東岸にあり、同じく南北の通りである川端通・師団街道の東側、大和大路通の西側に位置する。
Located on the east side of the Kamo-gawa River (Yodo-gawa water system), it runs east of Kawabata-dori Street and Shidan-kaido Road, both of which are streets running north-south, and located west of Yamato-oji-dori Street.

寺伝では鎌倉時代の寛元4年（1246年）の建立というが、様式的には南北朝時代～室町時代の建築とみられる。
A temple legend says it was built in 1246 in the Kamakura period; however judging from its style, it seems to have been built from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period.

のちにインド、オーストラリア、アフリカと南北アメリカへ分割した仮定的大陸（プレート地殻変動理論によると）
a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into India and Australia and Africa and South America and Antarctica

勝竜寺城（しょうりゅうじじょう）は、現在の京都府長岡京市に所在した、南北朝時代から江戸時代初期の城である。
Shoryuji-jo Castle was a castle that existed in Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture between the the Northern and Southern Court and early Edo periods.

南北朝時代 (日本)に美濃守護家土岐氏が地頭となって勢力を拡大、応仁の乱までに荘園としての機能を喪失した。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the family of Mino no Kuni Shugo (provincial constable of Mino Province), the Toki clan, became jito (manager and lord of a manor), and began expanding its control over the area which, by the time of the Onin War, had lost its function as a shoen.

日什（にちじゅう）（1314年6月11日）～（1392年2月28日）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の日蓮宗の僧。
Nichiju (June 11, 1314 - February 28, 1392) was a Nichiren sect priest in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

本ページでは、暦の正確性、著作との整合を保つ為、旧暦表示とし、南北朝時代の元号は、北朝（京都）で表記する。
On this page it is shown in the old calendar style for the sake of the accuracy of the calendar, and to maintain coordination with the book, the name of a Japanese era of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts is shown in style of the Northern Dynasty (Kyoto).

鎌倉時代後期以降、持明院統と大覚寺統の争いはやがて南北朝の対立へと進み、二人の天皇が対立するようになった。
From the late Kamakura period and onward, struggle between Jimyointo (imperial lineage from Emperor Gofukakusa to Emperor Gokomatsu) and Daikakujito (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama) developed into a confrontation of the Northern and Southern Courts and the two emperors were opposed to each other.

現代では、かつて盛行したインドやイランで絶滅しかけている反面、南北アメリカ及び南アフリカでも行われている。
Today, while it has nearly disappeared in India and Iran where it was once popular, it is still practiced in the Americas and South Africa as well.

南北物のようなふてぶてしさは見られず勧善懲悪という常套的な筋が多いのでドラマとして迫力に欠ける嫌いはある。
Unlike the boldness seen in Nanboku's plays, the Shiranami-mono plays tend to lack in punch with the conventional plot of a good guy versus a bad guy.

この問題のように、南北朝問題は、万世一系や皇国史観が史実に基づいているかを考察するうえで重要な問題である。
Given these disputes, the issue of the Northern and the Southern Courts was an essential factor for studying whether the unbroken Imperial line and the emperor-centered historiography were based on actual history.

南北朝時代には駿河国守護今川氏と対立していたが、やがて今川氏が遠江国の守護職を得るとその支配下に置かれる。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Ii clan was in rivalry with Suruga no kuni shugo (provincial constable of Suruga Province) Imagawa clan, but eventually, the Ii clan was put under the control of the Imagawa clan after the Imagawa clan was appointed to the position of shugo of Totomi Province.

- 建物はA通（東西方向の道）に面しており、かつ、B通（南北方向の道）との交差点から西に入った地点にある。
The building faces A-dori Street (a street going east and west) and is located in the spot which is in the west from the intersection with B-dori Street (a street going north and south).

- 建物はC通（南北方向の道）に面しており、かつ、D通（東西方向の道）との交差点から北に入った地点にある。
The building faces C-dori Street (a street going north and south) and is located in the spot which is in the north from the intersection with D-dori Street (a street going east and west).

東西方向に並ぶ町を4列集めたもの（北辺の2列は除く）を「条」、南北方向の列を4つ集めたものを「坊」と呼び、
Machi (Cho) of four rows running east-west (except for the northern two rows) were called 'Jo,' and Machi of four rows running north-south were called 'Bo.'

狭義の室町時代については、時代的に一体化している南北朝時代と併せて南北朝・室町時代と総称されることもある。
Concerning this narrower definition of the Muromachi period, some prefer to combine the two period names, Nanbokucho and Muromachi, to create a general term, the 'Nanbokucho-Muromachi period.'

荘園公領制の変質が、社会各層における対立を顕在化させ、南北朝の争いを大義名分とする全国的な抗争が展開した。
Changes in the nature of shoen koryo sei made confrontations in each social class of the nation apparent, developing into nation-wide confrontations with the confrontation between the Northern Court and the Southern Court used as a legitimate reason.

その惣領制、分割相続制が、嫡男による単独相続に変化するのは主に鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)である。
That soryo system and divided succession system transformed into a single inheritance by a legitimate son mainly from the end of the Kamakura period to period of Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).

南北朝時代 (日本)以後になると、在家役・在家地子とも屋敷年貢化して銭納が一般的な収取形態となっていった。
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, zaike-yaku became a kind of a rent just like zaike-jishi, so it became common for zaike-yaku to be paid in cash.

彼ら海賊衆は14世紀には活動を活発化させ、南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱には南北それぞれの側に分かれて戦った。
Kaizoku shu increased their activities in the fourteenth century, and during the disturbance period of Northern and Southern Courts, they split into two groups and fought for each court.

周囲をおよそ5mほどの高さの塀で囲み、東西南北の塀にはそれぞれ3か所、全部で12か所に門が設置されていた。
The palace was surrounded by walls roughly 5 meters high and each of the four walls had three gates, 12 gates in total.

南北朝時代 (日本)以降は宣旨枡の検定がほとんど行われなくなり、各地でその地域だけで通用する升が作られた。
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the authorization of senji-masu became rarely done, and instead, local provinces began to use masu of their own.

南北朝時代 (日本)以後に商工業者の自立とともに解体されるが、室町時代には職人の座の名称として用いられた。
After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Saikudokoro was dissolved along with the independence of merchants and traders, but was used as a name of za (guild) of workmen in the Muromachi period.

鎌倉幕府滅亡後、南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱が始まると、服部郷高畠村の地から高畠右衛門太郎入道道秀と名乗る。
After the downfall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), when the revolt in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts arose, he named himself Doshu Nyudo Uemontaro TAKAHATA after his home village, Takahata-mura village, Hattori-go district.

その後も南朝方として行動したが、1392年に足利義満によって南北朝合一されると、再び了俊のもとへ帰順した。
He acted as the Southern Court side after that, but the two courts were unified by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA in 1392, and Sakiyori re-swore allegiance to Ryoshun.

遠江国引馬荘（静岡県浜松市）は南北朝時代 (日本)から吉良氏の領地であったが、駿河国今川氏の侵攻に遭った。
The Hikuma no sho (manor) in Totomi Province (the present-day Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) had been the Kira clan's fief since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but it was invaded by the Imagawa clan of Suruga Province.

おりしも南北戦争の復興期であったアメリカ合衆国の地で、哲学と科学を専攻し1876年（明治9年）に帰朝した。
He studied philosophy and science in the US, which was in the recovery period from the Civil War, and returned to Japan in 1876.

大宰府においては政庁地区からのびる中央南北大路のことを平城京・平安京の例にならい朱雀大路と呼ぶこともある。
In Dazaifu, some call the central north-south street extending from the government district Suzaku-oji Street, following the example of Heijokyo and Heiankyo.

霊明殿－天智天皇と光仁天皇から昭和天皇（南北両朝の天皇も含む）に至る歴代天皇皇后の尊牌（位牌）を安置する。
Reimei-den - Houses the Buddhist mortuary tablets of successive emperors from Emperor Tenchi and Emperor Konin to Emperor Showa (including emperors of both northern and southern imperial courts) and their wives.

後に南北朝時代 (日本)に九州の南朝 (日本)方を統轄するために、後醍醐天皇の皇子の懐良親王が任命された。
Later, Imperial Prince Kanenaga (also referred as Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi), the son of Emperor Godaigo, was nominated in the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan) in order to supervise the forces of the Southern court (Japan) in Kyushu.

1851年にこの地にやってきた大叔父は、南北戦争のおりには替え玉を出しておいて、重機の卸売りを始めたのだ。
who came here in fifty-one, sent a substitute to the Civil War, and started the wholesale hardware business

石室の寸法は南北の長さが約265cm、東西の幅が約103cm、高さが約113cm（いずれも内法寸法）である。
The stone chamber (inside) is about 265cm deep from north to south, about 103 cm wide from east to west, and 113cm high.

建武の新政では罪を赦され法勝寺に戻り東大寺大勧進職に任じられたが、南北朝が分裂すると北朝側について活躍した。
During the Kenmu Restoration, he was pardoned, allowed to return to Hossho-ji Temple and appointed Daikanjin (position in charge of collecting donations for the temple) of Todai-ji Temple but worked for the Northern Court after the imperial line split into the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱による貴族社会の地位の低下により、直垂は公家貴族の平服として着用されるようになる。
Hitatare began to be used as the informal dress of court nobles influenced by the lowering of the aristocratic social status due to disturbance of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

イギリスから独立を果たし、南北戦争を経て安定したアメリカ合衆国では、1876年にボストン美術館が設立された。
The Boston Museum of Fine Arts was established in 1876, at a time when United States had gained independence from England and was becoming more stable after the Civil War.

森茂暁『後醍醐天皇南北朝動乱を彩った覇王』（中公新書、2000年） ISBN 4-12-101521-5
MORI, Shigeaki. (2000). Go-Daigo Tenno: Nanboku-cho Doran o Irodotta Hao. Chuko Shinsho. ISBN 4-12-101521-5.

中国の史書における倭王の最古の記述は、南北朝時代 (中国)の宋 (南朝)王朝に朝貢した「倭」の王たちである。
The oldest description in history books in China is about the kings of 'Wa' who tribute to Sung Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) in the period of North and South Dynasties (China).

また、ごく一部に東西あるいは南北の方向ではない、斜め方向の通りも存在する(たとえば河原町通の四条以南など)。
A few streets do not run at a right angle from the north-south and east-west grid, such as Kawaramachi-dori Street, which extends from the south of Shijo.

木津川を挟んで久世郡久御山町、洞ヶ峠を越えて大阪府枚方市に接している。市の中央を国道1号が南北に貫いている。
The city has borders with Kumiyama-cho, Kuse-gun across the Kizu-gawa River and with Hirakata City, Osaka Prefecture over Horaga-toge mountain pass, and National Route 1 runs through the center of the city.

南北朝の動乱による武家・公家・寺社の所領をめぐる利益衝突の融和策として天龍寺建立に賛同した副将軍・足利直義。
Vice-Shogun Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA agreed to Tenryu-ji Temple construction as a reconciliation policy of the profit conflict concerning the territory of the samurai class, the court nobles, and temples and shrines due to the disturbance of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

大きさは、東西43m×南北50mの規模があり、周囲には土塁、東西、南側には土塁の内、外側に石垣を築いている。
It measures 43 meters from east to west, 50 meters from north to south, surrounded by Dorui and there are stone walls inside and outside of the Dorui at its east, west, and south.

紀伊国の新宮地方には新宮姓を名乗る一族が存在し、南北朝時代 (日本)から戦国時代 (日本)まで支配を続けた。
Families that had the Shingu family name in the Shingu district of Ki Province ruled the area from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Sengoku (Warring States) period.

南北朝時代の4人は『今川了俊歌学書』『正徹物語』などに記されており、歌僧二条派「為世門の四天王」と呼ばれた。
Four poets of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts were described in 'Ryoshun IMAGAWA's Kagakusho (a book on the study of waka poems)' and 'Shotetsu monogatari (Tale of Shotetsu),' and were called 'The Four Heavenly Kings of Waka among followers of Tameyo' of the poet-monk Nijo school.

また5代の南北のなかでもその業績が突出しているため、この四代目のことを特に大南北（だいなんぼく）ともいう。
As Nanboku TSURUYA IV was distinguished in the achievements among the five Nanboku TSURUYA, he is particularly called DaiNanboku, meaning the Big Nanboku.

安藤家季（あんどういえすえ、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての陸奥国の武将。
Iesue ANDO (date of birth and death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the end Kamakura period to the period of the Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).

鶴屋南北 (4代目)と比較されることが多いが、ふてぶてしい悪人が登場する南北の歌舞伎との大きな相違点である。
He has been often compared to Nanboku TSURUYA IV (the 4th), but a big difference from his is that Nanboku's kabuki features impudent rascals.

伊賀兼光（いがかねみつ、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての御家人、実務官僚。
Kanemitsu IGA (year of birth and death unknown) was a gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) and a governmental official responsible for practical works in the late Kamakura period through the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

また、南北朝時代 (日本)にこの地域に本拠地を構え、、南朝方（新田義貞）についた窪寺氏の葬地にもなっている。
Also, a headquarters was set up on the site during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and became the burial place of Yoshisada NITTA of the Southen Court faction.

古市場の由緒によると、創立は崇神天皇の時代で、大和の東西南北に祀られた水分のうち東に当たるのが中社とされる。
According to Furuichiba's history, the shrine was established during the reign of Emperor Sujin, and Mikumari, who was worshipped all over the Yamato Province was enshrined in this Middle Shrine in the East.

南北620m、東西400m以上の規模で、建物の基準線は真北から西に50-60度傾き、南東辺を正面としたらしい。
It is assumed that the office was 620m long from south to north, 400m long from east to west, the base line of the building pointed 50 to 60 degrees west from true north, and the front was at the southeast side.

慈遍（じへん、生没年不詳）は、鎌倉時代末から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての天台宗の学僧であり、神道家であった。
Jihen (date of birth unknown) was a gakuso (scholar monk) of the Tendai sect and a Shintoist who lived during the end of the Kamakura period until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

また従前は時代物のみにあっただんまりが、鶴屋南北 (4代目)によって世話物の演目にも取り入られるようになった。
Before, danmari was played in Jidaimono (historical dramas), it also was played in sewamono (plays dealing with the lives of ordinary people) by Nanboku TSURUYA IV (the fourth).

鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代にかけて、細川和氏・細川頼春兄弟やその従兄弟の細川顕氏・細川定禅らが足利尊氏に従う。
Brothers of Kazuuji HOSOKAWA and Yoriharu HOSOKAWA and their male cousins, Akiuji HOSOKAWA and Jozen HOSOKAWA served Takauji ASHIKAGA through the end of Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

中心市街地は東西・南北に通じる道路によって碁盤の目状に区切られており、京都市内の通りには名前がつけられている。
The streets in the downtown area are laid out in a grid running north-south and east-west like a Go board, and each street in the city has a name.

梅雨前線を構成する気団はいずれも勢力が拮抗しているため、ほぼ同じ地域を南北にゆっくりと移動する停滞前線となる。
Because air masses which compose the baiu front has similar strength with each other, it becomes a stationary front that moves slowly between the south and north.

しかし、前線の南北を構成する気団は、お互いの温度差が小さいため、通常はほとんどが乱層雲の弱い雨雲で構成される。
On the other hand, air masses which compose the north and south of the front consist normally of weak rain cloud of nimbostratus because the difference in temperature between them is small.

室町時代後期に、浄土真宗称念寺 (橿原市)を中心とする寺内町となり、東西南北の他、新町・今町の6町が成立した。
In the late Muromachi period, the town evolved into a jinai-cho (a town within the precincts of a temple) around Shonen-ji Temple (Kashihara City) of Jodo Shinshu sect (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), and six districts of East, West, South, North, Shinmachi, and Imamachi were established within the town.

後醍醐天皇は京都を脱出して吉野へ逃れて朝廷を開き、光明天皇に渡した神器は偽物であると主張し、南北朝が成立する。
The Northern and Southern Courts were established when Emperor Godaigo escaped Kyoto and fled to Yoshino, established a court and claimed that the sacred treasures that he gave to Emperor Komyo were fake.

南北朝のせいで混乱はしたが、しかし一説に南朝が一時存在したからその後天皇が継続する力になったという指摘がある。
Although the period of the Northern and Southern Courts was a time of confusion, a theory says that the existence of the Southern Court made it possible for successive Emperors to continue on while possessing authority.

義満は1392年に南北朝合一を行い、1399年（応永6）には独自に私貿易を行っていた大内義弘を応永の乱で討つ。
Yoshimitsu accomplished the unification of the Southern and Northern Courts in 1392, and then defeated Yoshihiro OUCHI in the Oei War in 1399 who had individually carried on private trade.

はじめは同族を中心に形成されていたが、異姓がしだいに加わり、南北朝時代には一族一揆という地域連合になってゆく。
It formed around the same clan at the beginning, but outsiders began to join and became the regional union or the uprising clan during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

東西1.1km、南北3.2キロとみられていたが、1990年代の東西の京極大路の発見で「大藤原京」が想定された。
It was believed that Fujiwara-kyo was 1.1 km from east to west and 3.2 km from north to south, however, the Dai Fujiwara-kyo (Greater Fujiwara-kyo) was revealed by the discovery of Kyogoku-oji Street from east to west in the 1990's.

鎌倉末～南北朝期に神祇伯であった白川伯王家・資継王の所蔵本が、室町中期に吉田家系の卜部兼永の所有となったもの。
It was held by Suketsuguo (資継王) of the Shirakawahakuo family who had been Jingi haku (a chief official in charge of matters relating to Shintoism) from the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts at first, and later held by Kanenaga URABE of the Yoshida family in the middle of the Muromachi period.

元禄5年（1692年）には、南北朝時代 (日本)に湊川の戦いで戦死した楠木正成の功績を称え、同地に墓石を建立。
In 1692 he built a gravestone in Minatogawa, commemorating the military exploits of Masashige KUSUNOKI who died in the Battle of Minatogawa during the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts.

これに対し、二条師基と北畠親房は受け入れに賛成し、直義派との合同により南北朝間の形勢逆転を図ることを主張した。
Moromoto NIJO and Chikafusa KITABATAKE, on the other hand, were in favor of accepting the offer urging that they try to turn the tide of the battle between the Northern and Southern Courts by joining forces with the Naoyoshi faction.

大炊御門信経（おおいのみかどのぶつね、文和4年（1355年） - 没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の公卿。
Nobutsune OINOMIKADO (1355 - year of death unknown) was a Court noble during the period of Northern and Southern courts (Japan).

現在、寺の周囲は民家に囲まれて境内は狭く、主な建物は本堂（南北朝時代 (日本)、重文）と宝物収蔵庫のみである。
The now narrow precinct is surrounded by houses and its only main buildings are the Hon-do (main hall - an Important Cultural Property dating from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan)) and the treasure hall.

なお、正面と南北側面のオリジナルの扉は取り外して宝物館に収められており、代わりに復元模写の扉がはめられている。
The original doors from the front, north and south have been removed, deposited in the 'Homotsu-kan' (treasure hall) and replaced by replicas.

大阪の四天王寺と同様に、金堂と塔を前後（南北方向）に並べる四天王寺式伽藍に似た配置であったことがわかっている。
What has been found out is that the temple, like Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, was built with the Shitenno-ji-style temple layout, in which the Kon-do Hall (main hall of a Buddhist temple) and the pagoda are arranged ahead and behind (north and south).

般若寺門前を南北に通る道は「京街道」と呼ばれ、大和（奈良県）と山城（京都府）を結ぶ、古代以来重要な道であった。
The road in front of the gate of Hannya-ji Temple which runs north to south is called 'Kyo-Kaido Road,' and it was an important road that connected Yamato (Nara Prefecture) and Yamashiro (Kyoto Prefecture).

前後左右、東西南北に、ヒスパニオーラ号は急に動き出したかとおもえば、最初のように帆をはためかせながら止まった。
To and fro, up and down, north, south, east, and west, the HISPANIOLA sailed by swoops and dashes, and at each repetition ended as she had begun, with idly flapping canvas.

南北戦争において残酷だが要領を得ない戦いが行われたスポッツィルベニアに近いヴァージニア北東部の樹木が茂った地域
a wooded region in northeastern Virginia near Spotsylvania where bloody but inconclusive battles were fought in the American Civil War

南北朝～室町時代に小笠原氏が地頭になって勢力を拡大するが、いちおう戦国時代 (日本)まで神領として機能していた。
Although the Ogasawara clan extended its control as jito (manager and lord of the manor) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period, the manor continued to function as a shinryo (shrine estate) until the Sengoku ｐeriod (ｐeriod of Warring States).

秀峰尤奇（しゅうほうゆうき ? - 1372年8月）は、南北朝時代 (日本)に活躍した東福寺栗棘派の禅僧である。
Yuki SHUHO (the date of birth unknown - August 1372) was a Zen priest of the Rikkyoku school of Tofuku-ji Temple who was active during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

念阿弥慈恩（ねんなみじおん、? - 没年不詳）は日本の南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけての剣客、禅僧。
Jion NENNAMI (dates of birth and death unknown) was a swordsman and Zen monk in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Muromachi period.

屋根の四隅（東西南北、正しくは東北、東南、西南、西北）の柱を1931年（昭和6年）4月の天覧相撲のときに廃した。
Four posts which supported the corners (the east, west, south, and north corners; more precisely, the east-north, east-south, west-south, and west-north corners) of the roof were omitted when a tournament was held with the Emperor in attendance in April 1931.

南北朝文化ののち、3代将軍足利義満の時代に北山文化が栄え、ついで8代将軍足利義政の時代に東山文化として成熟した。
Following the culture of the Northern and Southern Courts, Muromachi culture evolved as Kitayama culture at the time of the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and matured as Higashiyama culture at the time of the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

また、大詰の「おまんまの立ち回り」は鶴屋南北 (4代目)の『梅柳若葉加賀染』（柳澤騒動）から借用したものである。
Omanma no tachimawari (a fight while eating) in the final scene is a borrowing from 'Umeyanagi wakabano kagazome' (also known as 'Yanagisawa sodo') by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth).

翌年、後醍醐天皇は隠岐国に流されるが退位を拒否し、光厳天皇と並立したため、広義にはこの時代より南北朝時代と呼ぶ。
In the following year, Emperor Godaigo was sentenced to deportation to Oki Province, however he refused to abdicate and stood side by side with Emperor Kogon, and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts started from that time.

これによって、建武3年（1336年）以来、南北朝時代に分裂していた日本の天皇の地位及び朝廷の分裂状態が終了した。
Due to this agreement, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the separation of Japanese Emperor's position and the Imperial Palace ended as of 1336.

南北朝時代 (日本)に登場した安倍有世（晴明から14代目、泰親から8代目）はついに公卿である従二位にまで達した。
ABE no Ariyo who came in during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (he was the 14th generation from Seimei and 8th from Yasuchika) finally made it to Junii (Junior Second Rank) which was a Kugyo (the top court officials).

下野国庁の南正面に南北道路が、伊勢では国庁北側の一部に方格地割りが、大宰府では10世紀に方格地割りが認められる。
Such roads include the road running north to south at the south main gate of Kokucho in Shimotsuke Province, as well as the neatly designed roads like the grid on a go (a Japanese game played with black and white stones on a board) board in a north part of Kokucho in Ise Province as well as Dazaifu (Government Headquarters in Kyushu) in the tenth century.

国一揆（くにいっき）は南北朝時代 (日本)、室町時代の領主による領主権の確保を目的とした連合形態（一揆）を言う。
Kuni ikki refers to an alliance (uprising) made up of feudal lords with the aim of securing their rule in the period of Northern and Southern courts and Muromachi.

例えば、南北朝時代 (日本)に武蔵七党と呼ばれた小武士団は、明らかに「兵の家」の出身と言えるものばかりではない。
For example, all small bushidan that were called Musashi-shichito Parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) did not originate from the 'house of tsuwamono.'

南北朝時代 (日本)中期の貞和年間（1340年代後半）に幕府評定衆の中条挙房が頭人を務めていたと推定されている。
It is presumed that Morofusa NAKAJO, a member of Bakufu hyojoshu (an organization of bakufu employing the council system), served as its chief in Jowa era in the period of Northern and Southern courts (Japan) (late 1340's).

平城京の市街区域は、大和盆地中央部を南北に縦断する大和の古道大和の古道下ッ道・大和の古道中ッ道を基準としている。
The urban area of Heijo-kyo was constructed based on Shimotsu-michi Street and Nakatsu-michi Street of Yamato no kodo (the ancient paths in Yamato Province), which divided the middle part of the Yamato basin into north and south.

京域内には、朱雀大路を境にして東側が左京、西側が右京で、それぞれ南北・東西に十坊の条坊制地割りが設定されている。
In the capital area, the east part of Suzaku-oji Street is called Sakyo and the west part called Ukyo, and it was divided by ten Bo(s) (district), in a grid pattern called 'Jobosei,' in the north-south direction and east-west direction.

条坊制（じょうぼうせい）とは、中国・朝鮮半島・日本の王城都市に見られる都市プランで、南北中央に朱雀大路を配した。
Jobosei was the city plan seen in cities that contained the Emperor's palace in countries such as China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan; furthermore, the Suzaku-oji Street was placed in the center of the city running from east to west.

しかし、1911年（明治44年）に喜田が南北朝正閏論で職を失うと、同種の性格を持つこの論争も冷水を浴びせられた。
However, when Kida lost his job due to Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument on legitimacy of either Northern or Southern Dynasty) in 1911, the Yamatohime no Okimi enthronement or Shosei theory similar to that argument was also criticized.

佐々木道誉（ささきどうよ）／京極道誉（きょうごくどうよ）は、鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Doyo SASAKI (also known as Doyo KYOGOKU) was a warlord between the end of Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

大友氏は鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけて少弐氏・島津氏とともに幕府御家人衆の束ね役として権勢を振るった。
The Otomo clan exercised authority as an organizer of gokenin shu (group of immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) in the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) from the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) together with the Shoni clan and the Shimazu clan.

吉田兼熈（よしだかねひろ、1348年－1402年）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の神祇をつかさどる官人、吉田神社社務。
Kanehiro YOSHIDA (1348 to 1402) was a priest of Yoshida-jinja Shrine and court official who was in charge of matters related to Shinto rituals during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

奈良時代の元興寺伽藍は、南大門、中門、金堂（本尊は弥勒仏）、講堂、鐘堂、食堂（じきどう）が南北に一直線に並んだ。
As for the temple buildings of Gango-ji Temple in the Nara period, the Nandai-mon gate (literally, Great South Gate), Chu-mon gate (literally, Inner Gate), Kon-do Hall (Miroku Buddha is enshrined as Honzon), Ko-do Hall (lecture hall), Sho-do Hall (hall preserving the temple bell) and Jiki-do Hall (dining hall) were arranged on the straight from south to north.

南北朝時代 (日本)、後醍醐天皇が吉野に潜幸したとき、宗信法印の援護を受けて吉水院に行宮を設け，一時居所とした。
When Emperor Godaigo visited Yoshino in secret during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), he temporarily stayed in an angu (temporary lodging built to accommodate an Imperial visit) established in Kissuiin under protection of Soshin Hoin.

元は大字大安寺カキノモリに鎮座していたが、南北朝時代に兵火にかかり、天正元年（1573年）に当社境内に遷座した。
It was originally located in Daianji-kakinomori but was relocated to the precinct of Murayanimasumifutsuhime-jinja Shrine in 1573 due to fire caused by conflict during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代には、反本地垂迹説がますます主張され、天台宗の側からもこれに同調する者が現れた。
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts through the Muromachi era, the anti-Honchi-suijaku theory increasingly gained ground to the point where some monks of the Tendai sect supported it.

南北戦争時のゲティスバーグの戦地の国家墓地の献辞のアブラハムリンカーンによる3分の演説（1863年11月19日）
a three-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg (November 19, 1863)

身舎は東西2間、南北7間、北廂は東西2間、南北1間、東廂は東西1間、南北8間、東の孫廂は東西1間、南北6間である。
The central area of the hall measured 3.6m east-west by 12.6m north-south, the kitabisashi (northern outer area) measured 3.6m east-west by 1.8m north-south, the higashibisashi (eastern outer area) measured 1.8m east-west by 14.4m north-south, and the eastern magohisashi (a narrow additional aisle) measured 1.8m east-west by 10.8m north-south.

江戸初期の今井の町勢の概略は、東西 610m、南北 310m、大体長方形の地形で東西南北方眼状に道路を配していた。
The general landform of Imai-cho in the early Edo period was by and large a rectangle in shape measuring 610 meters east to west and 310 meters north to south with a grid of straight streets running north-south and east-west.

県道が付設される以前は、現道路上東端に南側借家が南北に建っており、もとは今西家の附属建物の敷地であったようである。
Before the prefectural highway was constructed, the south-side rental houses stood north and south at the east end of that road and it seems that this area was originally the site of buildings owned by the Imanishi family.

授翁宗弼（じゅおうそうひつ、1296年－1380年）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけての臨済宗の僧。
Juo Sohitsu (1296 - 1380) was a Rinzai Sect Buddhist monk who lived from the latter part of the Kamakura period to the Northern and Southern Courts period (Japan).

大覚寺統（だいかくじとう）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代にかけて皇位に即いた皇室の系統で、持明院統と対立していた。
Daikakuji-to is a royal ancestry between the late Kamakura Period to the Northern and Southern Courts Period and used to oppose to Jimyoin-to.

平高棟から17世の孫にあたる南北朝時代の西洞院行時（正三位・参議）（1324年 - 1369年）を祖とする堂上家。
The Nishinotoin was a family of dojo kuge (nobles occupying relatively high ranks) of which the founder was Yukitoki NISHINOTOIN (Sangi (councilor) of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank)) (1324-1369) in the Northern and Southern Court period, who was 17 generations after TAIRA no Takamune.

南北朝時代 (日本)、新田義貞を中心に南朝 (日本)に参加した新田一族と異なり、山名時氏は縁戚の足利尊氏に従った。
Unlike the Nitta family who participated in the Southern Courts, Tokiuji YAMANA obeyed his relative, Takauji ASHIKAGA.

足利義満が南北朝合一を達成し幕府権力を絶大にしたものの、義満急死後は大名合議制に戻り相対的に将軍の権力も低下した。
Although Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA had succeeded in unifying the two courts and solidifying the central power and authority of the bakufu, after his sudden death, the country returned to the old oligarchic daimyo system, and the power of the Shogun waned by comparison.

ばさらとは、日本の中世、南北朝時代の社会風潮や文化的流行をあらわす言葉であり、実際に当時の流行語として用いられた。
'Basara' is a word which expressed the social and cultural trends during the Northern and Southern Courts period (in the Japanese medieval period), which was actually used as a vogue word at that time.

南北朝の動乱以降、荘園制が崩れてくると、荘園領主である貴族や寺社の資金繰りが苦しくなり、土倉・酒屋に借金を重ねる。
After the battle between the Southern and Northern Courts and the ensuing collapse of the manorial system, nobles, temples or shrines which served as manor lords faced financial difficulties, and many used the services of doso-sakaya.

武士団（ぶしだん）とは主に平安時代後半から、鎌倉時代、南北朝時代 (日本)を中心に室町時代までの武士の集団を指す。
Bushidan (warrior bands) refers to the group of bushi (samurai) that existed mainly from the late Heian, Kamakura, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (Japan), and lasted until the Muromachi period.

元寇で恩賞地配分の対象とされたため細分化され、南北朝時代 (日本)には名前だけを残して荘園としての実態は失われた。
Kanzaki Manor was divided up to provide land plots which were granted as rewards during the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, and by the Northern and Southern Courts period had lost all status as a manor - existing in name only.

ところが、南北朝時代 (日本)の康暦元年8月14日 (旧暦)（1379年）に行われた神木入洛は異常な展開を見せた。
Also, that on August 14 (in the lunar calendar), 1379, during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, showed an extraordinary development.

これに対して日本では内藤湖南により魏晋南北朝時代・隋唐時代を封建制の時代とすべきと言う論が出された（唐宋変革論）。
In response, Konan NAITO in Japan proposed the view that the period of Wei and Jin in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the period of Sui and Tang should be regarded as periods of the Hoken system (the Tang-Song Transition Thesis).

ただし、南北朝時代 (日本)に二条良基が『百寮訓要抄』の中で式部卿の就任要件として「第一の親王是に任ず」と説いた。
However, concerning the prerequisite for the post of Shikibu-Kyo, Yoshimoto NIJO mentioned in 'Hyakuryo Kunyosho' (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) that was compiled in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan): 'The most excellent Imperial Prince should assume the post of Shikibu-Kyo.'

中世の鎌倉時代から100句を基準とする長連歌の形式が整えられ、南北朝時代 (日本)を経て室町時代が最盛期とされる。
Since the medieval Kamakura period, the Chorenga had evolved into a hundred-stanza sequence, and after the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) it reached its golden age in the Muromachi period.

しのびねは、平安時代末期に成立しその後散逸した王朝物語、ないしは南北朝時代 (日本)に成立した前者の改作本をいう。
The Tale of Shinobine refers to a courtly romance which was completed at the end of the Heian period and was subsequently lost, or to an adaptation of a story produced during the period of Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).

また、1391年に山名氏の内紛からはじまる明徳の乱の鎮圧や1392年には南朝との仲介を行い南北朝合一にも尽力した。
He contributed to suppressing the Meitoku War that occurred in the wake of the internal conflict of the Yamana clan in 1391, and made efforts for the unification of Southern and Northern Courts by meditating between the Muromachi bakufu and the Southern Court in 1392.

南北朝正閏論においては北人（武家方）が苛察収斂な王朝党（南人/公家方）を圧倒して時代精神になったと論じるなどした。
About the Nanbokucho-Seijunron (argument on legitimacy of either Northern and Southern Court), he argued that the transition, in which the North people (samurai class) overpowered the Ochoto group (the South people [survivors of the extinct Southern Song dynasty] or court noble class) who were inquisitive and contraction-minded people, became the spiritual backbone of the time.

楠木正家（くすのきまさいえ、？ - 貞和4年/正平 (日本)3年（1348年））は南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Masaie KUSUNOKI (year of birth unknown - 1348) was a busho (Japanese military commander), who lived during the period of Northern and Southern Courts.

節の最初を取り、南北の通りについては寺御幸（てらごこ）、東西の通りについては丸竹夷（まるたけえびす）とも呼ばれる。
One is called Teragoko for north-south running streets, and the other is Marutake Ebisu for east-west running streets, the names of which are the first portions of the words.

当初の敷地は二条通りから三条通りまで、南北400メートル、東西200メートルに及び、池を中心とした大庭園であった。
At this time, the large garden was centered around a pond and occupied an area stretching from Nijo-dori Street to Sanjo-dori Street and measured 400 m from north to south and 200 m from east to west.

このことから斎宮と混同されることもあるが、斎宮は神宮に仕えた未婚の皇族女性のことで南北朝時代_(日本)に廃絶した。
This post is sometimes confused with Saigu (an Imperial Princess appointed to serve the deities of the Ise-jingu Shrine), but Saigu were maiden imperial women who had served in shrines until the post was abolished in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

この層の武士たちが重要な存在となったのは鎌倉幕府滅亡の前後から南北朝時代にかけてで、特に観応の擾乱の頃からである。
It was around the time from the fall of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and especially after the Kanno Disturbance, that this class of samurai became significant.

南北戦争期間中の同盟軍の将軍で、ブルランの最初の闘争で、彼の軍隊が石垣のように立っていた（1824年−1863年）
general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)

南北朝時代 (日本)頃に集団戦・接近徒歩戦が盛んになると胴丸・腹巻が多く用いられるようになり大鎧は実戦から姿を消す。
Around the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), when the wars became intensified with group and the close attacks of walking troops, armor around the torso and belly bands became commonly used, and the large armor disappeared from the actual combat.

そのような源五兵衛が元の数右衛門に戻って、晴れて討ち入りする結末に、南北の武士社会への皮肉が表現されているとされる。
In the last scene, Kazuemon takes off his disguise as Gengobe and avenged his master without shame with fellow ex-retainers, and it is said that especially in the scene the writer Nanboku described the then samurai society with a bitter irony.

第26代の継体天皇で血筋が一度途絶えているとする説があり、壬申の乱、南北朝時代など一系ではなかったとの説などである。
There are some theories including: the bloodline died out in the era of the twenty-sixth Emperor Keitai; the line was broken at the time during the Jinshin War or during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

区域は南北方向に長く、北は左京区、東は東山を隔てて山科区、南は伏見区、西は南区 (京都市)、下京区、中京区に接する。
Higashiyama Ward is long in north and south direction, and there is Sakyo Ward in the north, Yamashina Ward is in the east which is on the other side of the mountains of Higashiyama, Fushimi Ward is in the south, and there are Minami Ward (Kyoto City), Shimogyo Ward, and Nakagyo Ward in the west.

その初期、古代的な天皇親政を理想とする後醍醐天皇と現状重視の尊氏を中心とした勢力が対立した（南北朝時代 (日本)）。
In its early years, the period was characterized in particular by the conflict between Emperor Godaigo, who dreamed of reinstituting the ancient custom of direct Imperial rule, and Takauji, who placed more emphasis on preserving the status quo (this being the essence of the Northern and Southern Courts).

朝鮮半島の百済や高句麗を通じて伝えられた中国大陸の南北朝時代 (中国)の文化の影響を受け、国際性豊かな文化でもある。
It was an abundantly cosmopolitan culture, influenced by the Northern and Southern Dynasties period culture of the Chinese continent, which was introduced to Japan via the Korean kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo.

作家の勝俵藏が歌舞伎役者の名跡である「鶴屋南北」を襲名したのは、妻・お吉が歌舞伎役者の三代目鶴屋南北の娘だったから。
Although 'Nanboku TSURUYA' was the professional name of Kabuki actor, a playwright Hyozo KATSU succeeded to the name because he married Okichi, a daughter of Nanboku TSURUYA III.

義兼の子孫は、鎌倉幕府の御家人となり、南北朝時代 (日本)には石川源氏として存在し、その子孫は石川氏として存続する。
Yoshikane's descendants became gokenin (shogunal vassals) in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), surviving as the Ishikawa-Genji (Minamoto clan) into the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and thereafter continued his line under the name of the Ishikawa clan.

父と同じく南北朝の合一後も幕府に対して反抗的な態度をとり続け、1431年には少弐満貞と連合して大内盛見を討ち取った。
He continued to have a defying attitude like his father toward the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) after the unification of Southern and Northern Courts, and defeated Morimi OUCHI while allying with Mitsusada SHONI in 1431.

吉良尊義（きらたかよし、貞和4年/正平 (日本)3年（1348年） - 没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Takayoshi KIRA (1348 - the year of death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

四代の子孫　高松定安は南北朝時代、南朝方に組して北畠顕家の幕下に入り、利根川において足利尊氏の大軍を打ち破るという。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the fourth generation descendent Sadayasu TAKAMATSU cooperated with the Southern Court by joining Akiie KITABATAKE's circle and is said to have crushed a general of Takauji ASHIKAGA at Tone-gawa River.

それ自体閉じて昆虫を捕獲する、繊細で縁にちょうつがいが付いて、毛の生えた葉を持つ南北カロライナ州の沿岸平野の肉食植物
carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects

羅城門（らじょうもん）は、古代、平城京や平安京といった条坊都市の中央を南北に貫いた朱雀大路の南端に構えられた門である。
A rajomon was a city gate built at the south end of Suzaku-oji Street (a main street) which ran north and south through the center of ancient jobo (grid-like arrangement of streets and avenues) cities such as Heijo-kyo or Heian-kyo.

日付は、著作との整合を保つ為、旧暦表示（性歿年月日を除く）とし、南北朝時代 (日本)の元号は、北朝（京都）で表記する。
In order to ensure consistency with those of his books, dates will be shown based on a lunar calendar (except for the year, month and day of birth and death) and gengo (an era name) during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) will be shown by those of the Northern Court.

南北朝時代_(日本)以後、これらの衆徒は自らの支配地域を獲得して領主化し、興福寺の権威を背景に更なる勢力拡大を図った。
After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), these shuto became the lords of their ruling areas and tried to expand their powers against the background of the power of Kofuku-ji Temple.

一見、南北朝合一により皇位継承は再び安定したように見られたが、もう一つの問題であった北朝内部の内紛は解消されなかった。
It seemed that Imperial succession was sacred at a glance with the unity of the Northern Court and the Southern Court, however, the internal trouble within the Northern Court did not become resolved.

直仁親王（なおひとしんのう、建武2年（1335年）－応永2年5月14日（1398年））は、南北朝時代の持明院統の皇族。
Imperial Prince Naohito (1335 - June 10, 1395) was a member of the Imperial Family of the Jimyo-in Imperial line in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝時代 (日本)の初期は、南朝 (日本)方として活動しており、北朝 (日本)方の細川氏と対立していた時期もあった。
In the early period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan acted on the Southern Court (Japan), and there was a period that it conflicted with Hosokawa clan on the Northern Court (Japan).

多々良浜の戦い（たたらはまのたたかい）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1336年（建武 (日本)3年）に行われた合戦である。
The Battle of Tatarahama was a battle in 1336 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

北朝（ほくちょう）とは、日本の南北朝時代 (日本)に、足利氏を頂点に、全国の多くの武士が支持した持明院統の朝廷である。
Hokucho (Northern Court) was the Imperial Court of the Jimyo-in line supported by many samurai led by the Ashikaga clan during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

南北朝成立後は吉野の南朝 (日本)から朝敵免除の綸旨を受けて南朝に従い、新田氏や北畠顕家の軍などに属して足利方と戦う。
After the Northern and Southern Courts were established, he was pardoned by the Southern Court (Japan) in Yoshino and fought against Ashikaga's forces as a member of the forces of the Nitta clan and Akiie KITABATAKE.

南北朝時代から室町時代には、関東地方で武蔵七党など中小武士団による白旗一揆、武蔵平一揆などの国人一揆が盛んに結ばれる。
From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, groups of small and middle-class samurai such as Musashi-shichito parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province) had formed many kokujin ikki in the Kanto area including shirahata ikki and musashi hei ikki.

鎌倉府（かまくらふ）とは、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて、室町幕府が関東を統治するために設置した政庁である。
The Kamakurafu was a government office which the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) established in the Northern and Southern courts period and the Muromachi period for the purpose of ruling the Kanto region.

条里を区分する方格線は、南北方向および東西方向に設定されている場合が多いが、地域・地形により傾いている例も少なくない。
In many cases, hokaku sen that divide jori are located north-south and east-west directions, but there are quite a few cases in which hokaku sen are at a tilt depending on the regions and geological formations.

その結果、明徳の和約による南北朝時代 (日本)の統一によってその大半が持明院統の嫡流とされた伏見宮家の元に集中された。
As a result, during the peaceful era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties established in the Meitoku treaty, most of the Imperial estate fell into the hands of the Fushiminomiya family, which was considered a direct descendant of Jimyoin-to line.

本書の題名にある「宝山」とは、大阪府・奈良県境に南北に連なる、葛城連山（二上山、岩橋山、大和葛城山、金剛山等）である。
'Hozan' in the title of the book is the Katsuragi mountain ranges (Mt. Nijo, Mt. Iwahashi, Mt. Yamato Katsuragi, Mt. Kongo, etc.) running north and south around the border between Osaka and Nara prefectures.

服部持法（はっとりじほう、生没年不明）は、鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代 (日本)にかけて活躍した伊賀国の武士、悪党。
Jiho Hattori (dates of birth and death unknown) was a samurai from Iga Province and an akuto (a villain of medieval times), who was active from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

相馬重胤（そうましげたね、 ? - 建武 (日本)4年（1337年））は、鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)の人物。
Shigetane SOMA (date of birth unknown - 1337) was a man who lived during the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

智積院は南北朝時代 (日本)、この大伝法院の塔頭として、真憲坊長盛という僧が建立したもので、根来山内の学問所であった。
Chishaku-in Temple was constructed as a sub-temple of Daidenpo-in Temple during the Northern and Southern Court Period by a monk named Shinkenbo Chosei and served as an academic temple on Mt. Negoro.

古図によると、八神殿は各神を祀る社殿がそれぞれ独立しており、神祇官西院の西北に、東面した8つの社殿が南北に並んでいた。
According to some old diagrams at the Hasshin-den, the main buildings enshrining each god were independent of one another, and the eight main buildings facing east extended north to south to the northwest of the sai-in in the Department of Worship.

南北朝騒乱の初期の段階で4人の軍事指揮官を失ったことで、南朝 (日本)は軍事的にかなりの劣勢に立たされることとなった。
Losing the lives of the four Sanboku-Isso military commanders at an early stage in the battle between the Southern and Northern Dynasties led to an extreme military disadvantage for the Southern Dynasty.

しかしながら、後述する南北奉行所の関係からもわかるように、むしろ、奉行の方が余所者であって信頼関係が薄かったとされる。
However, as shown in the later-described relationships between the two bugyo-sho offices, it is said that bugyo officers were outsiders in the area and their relationship of mutual trust was not firm.

アメリカ南北戦争における米国の将軍で、フレデリックスバーグの戦いでロバート・E・リーに敗れた（1824年−1881年）
United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881 )

日付は、文献との整合を保つ為、旧暦（宣明暦）表示（生歿年月日を除く）とし、南北朝時代の元号は、北朝 (日本)で表記する。
In order to store and maintain the correspondence with the documents, the dates are indicated according to the lunar calendar (the Senmyo Calendar), except for the dates of births and deaths, and the names of eras during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts are expressed according to those designated by the Northern Court (Japan).

南北朝時代 (日本)にこの玄旨壇灌頂を受けた円観が、この教理を興隆に鋭意努め『天台灌頂玄旨』、『玄旨帰命檀法』を伝えた。
Enkan who experienced this Genshi-dan kanjo in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) made efforts to have the doctrine prosper transmitted 'Tendai Kanjo Genshi' and 'Genshi Kimyo-dan doctrine'.

平安京の北辺には宮城である平安宮（大内裏）があり、その内部の中央東寄りに南北約300m、東西約200mの内裏が存在した。
Heiangu (the Outer Palace Precincts), the palace, was located on the northern side of Heiankyo, and the dairi measured approximately 300 m from north to south and 200 m from east to west in the easterly of the center within the Heiangu.

この系統の末裔の女性が南北朝統一後に後小松天皇の宮中に入り、天皇の寵愛を受けて誕生したのが一休宗純であると言われている。
One direct female descendant, who served at Court of Emperor Gokomatsu, won the Emperor's favor and gave birth to a child, later known as Sojun IKKYU.

なお、干拓前の巨椋池は東西4km、南北3km、周囲約16km（水域面積約800ha）であり、平均水深は90cmであった。
Prior to reclamation, Ogura-ike Pond was 4 km in width (east to west), 3 km in length (north to south), 16 km in circumference (with the surface area being approximately 800 ha) and the average depth was 90 cm.

律令は魏晋南北朝時代に発達し、7世紀～8世紀の隋唐期には最盛期を迎え、当時の日本や朝鮮諸国（特に新羅）へも影響を与えた。
Luli was developed during the Wei-Jin/Southern and Northern Dynasty period, reaching its zenith in Sui Dynasty from the seventh to eighth century, and had an influence on Japan and the kingdoms of Korea (especially Silla) at the time.

政庁規模は、東西111.6メートル、南北188.4メートル、回廊規模は、東西111.1メートル、南北113.8メートル。
The size of the governmental district was 111.6 meters from west to east and 188.4 meters from north to south, and the size of the cloister was 111.1 meters from west to east and 113.8 meters from north to south.

戊申詔書による風紀引き締めと同時に社会主義運動を弾圧、幸徳事件の摘発や南北朝正閏問題への介入、出版物の取締強化を行った。
The cabinet not only enforced discipline by Boshin Shosho (imperial edict, decree issued in 1908) but also cracked down on socialism, conducted the prosecution of Kotoku Incident (The High Treason Incident), intervened the legitimacy of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and strictly regulated publishing.

物語は彼女から口承に口承を重ねて徐々に広まり、南北朝時代_(日本)から室町時代・戦国時代_(日本)を通じて語り継がれた。
The story was passed by word of mouth from her to others to gradually spread, and was handed down since the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) until the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states).

南北朝時代 (日本)のように安閑・宣化朝と欽明朝が並立し内乱状態にあったという説や、単に暦法上の問題とする説などがある。
There is an opinion that both the Ankan and Senka Dynasties existed at the same time and the country was in a domestic conflict just like the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and there is also an opinion that it is just a matter of the calendar.

安政2年（1855年）に、弘道館を南北騒動をきっかけに退学、後に復学を許されたが戻らず、この頃、枝吉神陽から国学を学ぶ。
The North-South commotion was the impetus for his leaving the Kodokan school in 1855; he was allowed to return thereafter but he rejected the offer, studying Japanese literature and culture afterwards under Shinyo EDAYOSHI instead.

高重茂（こうしげもち、生年不詳 - 正平 (日本)23年/応安元年（1368年）？）は、南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Shigemochi KO (year of birth unknown - 1368?) was a busho (Japanese military commander) lived in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

土岐頼貞（ときよりさだ、文永8年（1271年）- 暦応2年（1339年））は鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)の武将。
Yorisada TOKI (1271 - 1339) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived from the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

大炊御門氏忠（おおいのみかどうじただ、乾元 (日本)元年（1302年） - 没年不詳）は南北朝時代 (日本)の公卿。
Ujitada OINOMIKADO (1302 - year of death unknown) was a Court noble during the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

関西文化学術研究都市の東部を南北に走り、終点の木津インターチェンジ (京都府)では国道24号奈良バイパスに接続している。
It runs north to south in eastern Kansai Science City and connects with the National Highway Route No. 24 Nara Bypass at the terminus, the Kizu Interchange (in Kyoto Prefecture).

その南北と言う名称にしても、奉行所所在地の位置関係によりそう呼ばれていたということであり、南北は正式な呼称ではなかった。
The term of kita and minami were used for identifying a location where the bugyo-sho office was placed, and were not used officially

アメリカ南北戦争中の米国北部と北軍に忠実な人々である、または、アメリカ南北戦争中の米国北部と北軍に忠実な人々に関係がある
being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War

なお烏丸御池駅は烏丸通（南北方向）と御池通（東西方向）の交差点の下にあるが、2番出口は御池通側に出てくる（北西角の西側）。
Karasuma Oike Station is located beneath the intersection of Karasuma-dori Street (north-south street) and Oike-dori Street (east-west street), and Exit No.2 opens to Oike-dori Street (west of the northwest corner of the intersection).

覆鉢式塔のつくりはストゥーパのつくりと基本的に同じで、南北朝時代 (中国)の雲岡石窟の中にすでに覆鉢式塔の造形が見られた。
The structure of fukubachishiki pagoda is basically the same as that of stupa, and fukubachishiki architecture was already seen in Unko Grottoes (Yungang Grottoes) in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

立川流は鎌倉時代に密教僧である仁寛によって開かれ、南北朝時代に後醍醐天皇の護持僧となった文観によって大成されたといわれる。
It is said the Tachikawa-ryu school was founded in the Kamakura period by a monk of Esoteric Buddhism, Ninkan, and perfected in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts by Monkan who became the gojiso (a priest who prays to guard the emperor) to Emperor Godaigo.

切腹の場所は上輩であれば6間四方、中輩であれば2間四方に「もがり」を結い、南北に2口を開き、南は修行門、北は涅槃門である。
Individuals of high rank would have a mogari (room in which the dead were put or laid in state) with an area of approximately 10.8 m² while it would be about 3.6 m² for those of intermediate rank, and a windows would be opened in both the north and the south with the one in the south representing the shugyomon (gate of practice) and that in the north representing the nehanmon (gate of Nirvana).

特に幕末の尊皇攘夷や明治維新で功績を挙げながら亡くなった者、または南北朝時代の南朝方の公卿や武将への贈位も盛んに行われた。
It was frequently carried out especially for those who died while rendering great achievements during Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) that took place at the end of Edo period and the Meiji Restoration, or to those court nobles and warlords of the Southern court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

しかし、皇統が南北朝時代_、さらには北朝自体が崇光上皇、栄仁親王の系統と崇光天皇の弟である後光厳天皇の系統に分立するなど、
However the Imperial line was separated into a few different ones such as the retired Emperor Suko's line of the Northern Court and Emperor Gokogon's line who was Emperor Suko's younger brother during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

それぞれ南北朝時代 (日本)に南朝 (日本)方の武将として転戦したが、南朝の衰微により中央貴族としての子孫は残らなかった。
All three of these men were heavily involved in battles as military commanders on the side of the Southern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); when the Southern Court fell into decline, they all, as noblemen central to the Southern Court's existence, were unable to leave behind any descendants.

前述の例は、「東大路通（南北方向の通り）と松原通（東西方向の通り）の交差点を北上して4つ目の町である毘沙門町」の意である。
The example mentioned above means 'Bishamon town which is the forth town after going up north of an intersection between Higashioji-dori Street (street going north and south) and Matsubara-dori Street (street going east and west).'

茶の湯は、南北朝時代に行われていた闘茶や茶寄合が、東山時代に村田珠光により侘び茶が開始され、戦国時代に千利休が完成させる。
Regarding the tea ceremony, the tocho (tea leaf contests) and cha yoriai (tea parties) held in the Northern and Southern Court period developed, thanks to Shuko MURATA, into wabicha (a tea ceremony characterized by an affecting rusticity and simplicity) in the Higashiyama period, which was perfected by Sen no Rikyu in the Sengoku period.

佐藤進一は1965 年の『南北朝の動乱』の中で、武士を「武芸をもって支配階級に仕える職能人もしくは職能集団」と言い切る。
Shinichi SATO firmly stated in 'A disturbance of Northern and Southern Courts' published in 1965 that bushi was 'the vocational individual or group that served the ruling class with martial arts.'

4世紀後期には倭の五王が南北朝時代 (中国)南朝への朝貢を再開するも、その後日本は長きにわたり大陸との接触を行っていない。
During the late 4th century, the five kings of Wa opened up again, paying tribute to the Southern Dynasty during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasty in China, but after that Japan ceased to have contact with the Chinese continent for a long time.

しかし、二条派の実権は南北朝時代 (日本)にはすでに僧頓阿に移っており、さらに二条為遠の死によって家系は断絶してしまった。
But the actual influence and prestige of the Nijo school had already been transferred to the poet-monk Tona by the time of the Northern and Southern Court period, and with the subsequent death of Tameto NIJO, the Nijo family lineage fell into extinction.

風雅集においてその純度は一層高く、繊細な自然観照と深沈な心境の描写を本領とし、南北朝の乱世に生きる人々の感慨を映している。
Fuga shu, however, is more intense, and its distinctive characters are contemplation of delicate nature and description of calm mind, which reflect the deep emotions of those who lived in the turbulent age of the Northern and Southern Courts.

その成立は、平安時代末期の承安 (日本)1年（1171年）と、南北朝時代 (日本)の貞和3年（1347年）の2段階がある。
There were two kinds of 'Oshu Gosannen Ki,' the one written in 1171 at the end of the Heian period and another written in 1347 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

襲名の四半世紀も前、26歳のときに結婚した恋女房で、翌年には後に二代目勝俵藏 → 五代目鶴屋南北となる長男が生まれている。
At the age of 26, a quarter of a century before the succession to the name, he married Okichi, and in the next year, the eldest son Hyozo KATSU II to be Nanboku TSURUYA V was born.

西園寺公兼（さいおんじきんかね、生年不詳 - 応永24年（1417年）6月）は、南北朝時代 (日本)・室町時代の公卿。
Kinkane SAIONJI (year of birth unknown-July 1417) was Kugyo (court noble) who lived from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period.

仁王門 - 南北朝時代 (日本)の貞和年間に本圀寺の南門として建立、元和 (日本)2年（1616年）に現在地に移築、藁葺き
Niomon gate: Constructed as the south gate of Honkoku-ji Temple during the Jowa era (1345-1350) of the Northern and Southern Court period; relocated to its current site in 1616; topped by a thatched roof.

米国の辺境の住民で、1840年代にフレモントの遠征を誘導して、北軍の司令官として南北戦争で働いた（1809年−1868年）
United States frontiersman who guided Fremont's expeditions in the 1840s and served as a Union general in the American Civil War (1809-1868)

周辺の興福寺、東大寺、春日大社、奈良国立博物館、なども含めると総面積はおよそ660ha（東西約4km、南北約2km）に及ぶ。
The total area including the grounds of nearby Kofuku-ji Temple, Todai-ji Temple, Kasuga-taisha Shrine, Nara National Museum, and so on, reaches around 660 hectares (about 4 kilometers east and west and about 2 kilometers north and south).

東寺の五大菩薩のうち、金剛波羅蜜は、金剛界曼荼羅において大日如来の東西南北を囲む「四波羅蜜」のうちの筆頭とされる菩薩である。
Among Godai Bosatsu at To-ji Temple, Kongoharamitsu is the head Bosatsu of 'Shiharamitsu' (four paramita) placed at the east, west, south and north of Dainichinyorai in Vajradhatu Mandala.

法堂の成立はインドではなく、中国であり、仏教が貴族階級に浸透し始めた南北朝時代 (中国)には既に成立していたものと思われる。
The establishment of hatto was in China, not India, and it is believed that it had already been established in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), when Buddhism began to spread through the noble class.

中国で発明された紙が、自国内で一般にも浸透して筆記媒体として用いられるようになったのは魏晋南北朝時代の比較的初期の頃である。
Paper, which was invented in China, became widespread among the general public to be used as a writing medium in the comparatively early Wei-Jin-Nanbeichao periods.

これは明徳3年（1392年）の南北朝合一の際の条件である両統迭立に反しており、その後南朝勢力はしばしば反発して武装蜂起する。
This was against the agreement of sharing imperial succession as decided by the union of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, and subsequently the two sides often opposed each other in armed conflicts.

（なお南北朝以前にも光孝天皇・後白河天皇・後堀河天皇などのように立太子されない例もあるが、いずれも急遽擁立された例である）。
(There were cases in which the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince was not performed, like Emperor Koko, Emperor Goshirakawa, and Emperor Gohorikawa, before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, because they were enthroned suddenly.

正式には鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)の唐橋有雅（位階・大膳職）（1275年 - 1356年）から唐橋の家名を称した。
The family name of Karahashi was officially given during the time of Arimasa KARAHASHI (Court Rank, the Office of the Palace Table, 1275 - 1356), some time between the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

家祖鈴木重善は鈴木重家の親族で鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)の頃に三河国矢並（愛知県豊田市矢並町）に土着したと伝えられる。
The family ancestor, Shigeyoshi SUZUKI was a relative of Shigeie SUZUKI, and it is said that he was settled in Yanami, Mikawa Province (Yanami-cho, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture) during the Kamakura period or the Period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).

西限の西京極大路の推定地は西日本旅客鉄道山陰本線花園駅 (京都府)や阪急電鉄阪急京都本線西京極駅を南北に結んだラインである。
The assumed location for the western border, Nishikyogoku-oji Avenue draws a line north-south between the following two stations - Hanazono Station of the JR West Sanin main line (Kyoto pref.) and Nishi-Kyogoku Station of the Hankyu Kyoto main line.

南北朝時代 (日本)や戦国時代 (日本)には九州・瀬戸内海方面の武士や海賊が中国、朝鮮沿岸を荒らしまわり、倭寇と恐れられた。
During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the period of Warring States in Japan, samurai warriors and pirates from the Kyushu and Inland Sea regions attacked ships along the coasts of China and Korea and were feared as Japanese pirates (called 'wako' in Japanese).

南北朝分裂の時代を経て、室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の時代、1392年にようやく南北両朝は合一し、文化の中心は再び京都へ戻った。
After the period of separation, the Northern and Southern Courts were at last unified in A.D. 1392, when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA reigned over the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as the third shogun, and the center stage of Japanese culture returned to Kyoto.

南北朝時代 (日本)北朝 (日本)の貞和6年（1367年）を最古とするが、四位・五位が揃うのは応永6年（1399年）である。
The oldest 'Ryakumyo dodai' was found in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), Northern Court of Japan in 1367, but it was in 1399 when both Shii and Goi were set.

このような琴の流行は南北朝時代 (中国)に最高潮になりやがて衰退するが、近世になっても文人の嗜むべき随一の楽器とされ続けた。
Kin was prevailed most widely in the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and soon declined, but it had been seen as the sole music instrument for Bunjin even in the recent times.

また日本列島は南北に極めて長く、地形も変化に富んでいる為、現在と同じように縄文時代においても気候や植生の地域差は大きかった。
The Japanese archipelago is extremely elongated from north to south and its topography varies considerably; therefore, regional differences in the climate and vegetation were large during the Jomon period as is today.

赤坂幸清（あかさかゆききよ、生年不詳－延元元年（1336年））は鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代_(日本)にかけての伯耆国の武将。
Yukikiyo AKASAKA (year of birth unknown - 1336) was a Japanese military commander in Hoki Province from the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

逢坂関は鎌倉時代以降も京都の東の要衝として機能し、南北朝時代_(日本)以降には園城寺が支配して関銭が徴収されるようになった。
From the Kamakura period, Osaka no seki held a strategically important position to the east of Kyoto, and starting in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), it was managed by Enjo-ji Temple, which began charging a toll.

南北朝時代から室町時代にかけてしばしば起きた国人一揆（国人領主連合）は、形態は様々だが国人領主同士の結合と見ることができる。
Kokujin-ikki (riots by kokujin) that occurred frequently from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period, varied in style, but can be seen as uniting kokujin ryoshu.

高田与清（たかだともきよ）の『官職今案』によると、南北朝時代 (日本)以降は、大納言や中納言は権官ばかりで正員がなくなった。
After the Northern and Southern courts period, according to 'Kanshoku konan' written by Tomokiyo TAKADA, only gonkan existed, instead of regular ones, in the case of Dainagon and Chunagon (vice-council of state).

南北朝時代 (日本)の1331年（元弘元年）、北朝 (日本)の光厳天皇が土御門殿で即位してからは、この御殿が内裏に定められた。
After Emperor Kogen of the Northern Court ascended the throne at Tsuchimikado-dono Palace in 1331 during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, this Palace was taken up as Dairi.