化: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 化け草履
- Bakezori (apparition turning into thonged sandals)
- Bakezōri
- 歴史・変化
- History and variations
- 種類の多様化
- The diversification of variety
- 戦国期の文化
- Culture in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States)
- 選択無形文化財
- Selected Intangible Cultural Properties
- - 文化勲章。
- He received the Order of Culture.
- - 文化功労者
- Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits)
- He was Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits).
- 療養上の厚化粧
- Atsugesho Related to Medical Treatment
- 職業上の厚化粧
- Atsugesho Related to Occupations
- 有形民俗文化財
- Tangible folk cultural assets
- Tangible folk-cultural properties
- 無形民俗文化財
- Intangible folk cultural assets
- Intangible folk-cultural properties
- 醸造業の近代化
- The modernization of the sake brewing industry
- - 文化功労者。
- He was accredited as Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits).
- 加齢による厚化粧
- Atsugesho Involved in Aging
- ツアーの下請け化
- Tour subcontracting
- 森羅万象の擬人化
- The personification of shinrabansho
- - 文化勲章受章。
- He was presented with the Order of Culture.
- 文化財環境保全地区
- The environmental preservation area of a cultural asset
- 他の文化圏の対応物
- Corresponding existences in other cultural regions
- 化粧品・艶紅の歴史
- History of cosmetics and hikari-beni
- 杜氏集団の形態変化
- Changes of Toji Group Style
- 国民の食生活の変化
- The change of people's diet
- 日本酒の淡麗甘口化
- The change of taste of sake to tanrei (crispy and dry) and sweet
- - 重要無形文化財。
- He was accredited as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property.
- 日本各地での蕎麦文化
- Soba culture around the country
- 祭り等における厚化粧
- Atsugesho in Festivals, etc.
- 飲料の低アルコール化
- The appearance of low-alcohol drinks
- 個人蔵、重要文化財。
- It is a private collection designated as an important cultural property.
- 流通と消費の形態変化
- The change of distribution and consumption forms
- 食糧管理制度の形骸化
- Losing substance of the food control system
- 大化の改新の際に開始
- The Japanese calendar started with the Taika no Kaishin (the Great Reformation of the Taika Era).
- 明治以降に一般化した。
- It became popular since the Meiji period.
- 「観光産業高度化戦略」
- Strategy for developing the tourism industry'
- 多店舗展開・グループ化
- Opening restaurants, and forming the Group
- 1984年、文化功労者。
- 1984 Person of Cultural Merit
- 1980年、文化功労者。
- In 1980, Bunkakorosha (Person of Cultural Merits).
- 詳しくは捕鯨文化を参照。
- See Whaling Culture for details.
- 2003年 重要無形文化財
- 2003: Important Intangible Cultural Property
- 商いとしてのウナギの食文化
- The Eel food culture from the aspect of trade
- 蒲焼の歴史とウナギの食文化
- History of Kabayaki and the food culture of eel
- 外国で変化した日本風の料理
- Japanese-style dishes that are varied in other nations
- 人間国宝、文化勲章他を受賞。
- Awarded title of Living National Treasure, Order of Cultural Merit.
- 化政文化の一端がのぞかれる。
- It shows a part of Kasei culture.
- この美化された文字を書という。
- Such aesthetic characters are called Sho.
- 風濤図(野村美術館)重要文化財
- Wind and Waves (Nomura Art Museum) Important Cultural Property
- 1967年、NHK放送文化賞。
- 1967 NHK Broadcast Culture Prize
- 道教の神で南極星の化身の老子。
- It is Lao-tzu, a deity of Taoism and the incarnation of the southern polar stars.
- ウナギは高蛋白質で消化もよい。
- Eels are high in protein and they are also easy to digest.
- 個人蔵断簡 1枚(重要文化財)
- Fragment held by an individual; important cultural property
- 文化人類学者で、日本の民俗学者。
- He is a cultural anthropologist as well as a Japanese folklorist.
- 呂洞賓図(大和文華館)重要文化財
- Rodohin (Lu Dong-bin) (The Museum Yamatobunkakan) Important Cultural Property
- 叭々鳥図(常盤山文庫)重要文化財
- Hahacho (Tokiwayama Bunko) Important Cultural Property
- 重要無形文化財認定(人間国宝)。
- He is designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- 1997年、大阪文化祭本賞受賞。
- He won the Osaka Culture Festival Gold Award in 1997.
- 弘化2(1845年)に家督相続。
- In 1845, he succeeded to the position of family head.
- 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)
- The holders of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)
- 中国の伝説上の鳥を図案化した文様
- A pattern imitates shapes of a legendary Chinese bird.
- 庶民の文化として小袖が大流行した。
- Kosode prevailed among the common people.
- 酸化しにくい胡麻油を使って延ばす。
- Stretched using hardly-oxidized sesame oil.
- 雪村自画像(大和文華館)重要文化財
- The Self-Portrait of Sesson Shukei (The Museum Yamatobunkakan) Important Cultural Property
- 結果、一部の料理は和食化している。
- As a result, part of Yoshoku has come to be categorized as Japanese food.
- 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)。
- He is designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- He was a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- He is the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- 白高麗 - 明の福建省泉州徳化窯。
- Hakugorai (white korai): fired at the Ming Dynasty Dehua Kiln, Quanzhou, Fujian Province.
- 同年文化庁より人間国宝指定される。
- In the same year, he was designated as the Living National Treasure by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- 異文化料理との折衷・交流・逆輸出入
- Partially taking in features of dishes in foreign culture (eclectic dishes), interaction with dishes in foreign culture, and exporting Japanese dish styles originated in other nations/importing Japanese dish styles modified/invented in other nations
- 文化財の指定、保持者・保持団体の認定
- Designation of Cultural Properties and Recognition of Individual holders or Group holders
- 新たな音楽文化の第一歩を踏み出した。
- With this, it took the first step on a new music culture.
- 1979年(昭和49年)、文化勲章。
- In 1979, he received the Order of Culture.
- 2006年(平成18年) 文化功労者
- 2006: designated as a cultural contributor
- その後も免除措置を延長・恒久化した。
- This exemption was extended, and then made permanent.
- そのため、変化を楽しむことができる。
- Therefore, kakejiku can be appreciated with the variety.
- しかしその後は洋装化が急速に進んだ。
- However, afterward, the Japanese clothes were westernized at high speed.
- 1969年、日本放送協会放送文化賞。
- In 1969, Cultural Award by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK).
- 緩急の変化をつけないのが特色である。
- It features no sudden slow and rapid changes in movements.
- 経年変化で黒く変色する可能性がある。
- The color of this material may become black due to aging.
- また、安島の二重級数の理論を一般化。
- He also generalized the theory of the double series of Ajima.
- 釈迦如来立像/鎌倉時代/県指定文化財
- A standing statue of Shaka Nyorai (Shakyamuni): Sculpted in the Kamakura period, designated as a Cultural Property by the prefecture
- A standing statue of Shaka Nyorai: Sculpted in the Kamakura period, designated as a Cultural Property by the prefecture
- 1972年(昭和47年)、文化功労者。
- In 1972, he became a Person of Cultural Merits.
- 女性用の衣服も簡易化の一途をたどった。
- Female clothes were continuously simplified.
- これらの味の変化を楽しみながら味わう。
- The dish is eaten while the diner enjoys each of these flavors.
- 夏冬山水図(京都国立博物館)重要文化財
- Summer and Winter (Kyoto National Museum) Important Cultural Property
- 竹林七賢図屏風(畠山記念館)重要文化財
- The Seven Sages of The Bamboo Grove (Hatakeyama Memorial Museum of Fine Art) Important Cultural Property
- 芸者、遊女、等は伝統的に厚化粧になる。
- In Karyukai (the world of the geisha), geisha (Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking parties), yujo (a prostitute), etc. tradtionally put on atsugesho.
- 1994年 重要無形文化財(人間国宝)
- 1994: Recognized as a person who holds an important intangible cultural asset (a living national treasure)
- 舞楽用の装束では下襲と一体化している。
- As a costume for bugaku dancing, this underwear is united with shitagasane (a long inner robe.)
- 国選択無形民俗文化財に選択されている。
- The festival is designated as National Important Intangible Folk-Cultural Properties.
- 室町文化の流れには、2つの頂点がある。
- Muromachi culture had two climaxes in its history.
- 広義には、南北朝文化を含むことがある。
- Broadly speaking, Muromachi culture occasionally includes the culture of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 阿弥陀如来坐像/鎌倉時代/市指定文化財
- A seated statue of Amida Tathagata: Sculpted in the Kamakura period, designated as a Cultural property by the city
- そのため緩やかな保守化と衰退が始まった。
- As a result, enka music began gradually to get conservative and decline.
- 明治時代後期から都市化などで急速に衰退。
- Rapidly declined since the late Meiji period due to urbanization and the like.
- 乳化剤は乳成分とコーヒー液の分離を妨ぐ。
- Emulsifiers prevent separation between milk constituent and coffee liquid.
- ボーフラも他の煎茶器同様に国産化された。
- Bofura has also been produced domestically like other Sencha utensils.
- そのため当時の能楽界において問題化した。
- Therefore, it became an issue among Nohgaku theater community at that time.
- 帯締めは、江戸時代の文化年間にはじまる。
- The obijime was first used during 1804-1817, in the Edo period.
- 1939年12月には株式会社化している。
- The restaurant was converted to a joint-stock corporation in December 1939.
- 1987年、文化勲章と数々の賞を受けた。
- 1987 Received Order of Cultural Merit and a number of other prizes
- 文化 (元号)8(1811年)家督相続。
- In 1811, he succeeded to the position of family head.
- 残留農薬に関する調査が厳重化され始める。
- Tighter inspection on residual pesticides began.
- 孔雀明王坐像/鎌倉時代/奈良県指定文化財
- A seated statue of Kujaku Myoo (The Pheasant Wisdom King): Sculpted in the Kamakura period, designated as a cultural property by Nara Prefecture
- 和算に用いられた計算用具を図案化した文様
- A pattern that imitates shapes of the calculation tool used for wasan (mathematics in Japanese style).
- - 伝統文化ポーラ大賞、勲四等旭日小綬章。
- He received Pola Grand Prize for Traditional Culture, and the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette.
- 女性演歌歌手は全般的に厚化粧の場合が多い。
- Female enka (Japanese ballad) singers almost always wear atsugesho.
- 伊達、勇壮などを誇張・美化した荒事的動作。
- It is a rough motion which exaggerates and beautifies the dandyism, gallantry, and so on.
- - 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定。
- He was accredited as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- 少年も和服の場合は極稀に化粧する場合がある。
- Boys sometimes wear makeup excessively when they are wearing Japanese traditional clothes as well.
- 歌舞伎の隈取りに似た化粧をするバンドもある。
- There are some bands whose members wear makeup resembling kumadori of Kabuki.
- 1996年(平成8年) 重要無形文化財保持者
- 1996: designated as a holder of the title 'Important Intangible Cultural Property'
- また、人気公演ではプレミア化することもある。
- Moreover, sometimes it happens that tickets for favored performances on the day are sold at premium prices.
- また、各大名で使える模様が固定化していった。
- On the other hand, a pattern that could be used by each feudal lord was determined.
- その意味ではビジネス化しつつあるといえよう。
- It can therefore be said that the sector is becoming commercialized.
- また、地域によっては厚化粧をする場合もある。
- Also, depending on the region, some performers wear heavy makeup.
- 観音堂/毘沙門天立像/鎌倉時代/府指定文化財
- A standing statue of Bishamonten (Vaisravana) in Kannon-do Hall (a temple dedicated to Kannon): Sculpted in the Kamakura period, designated as a cultural property by the prefecture
- - 2008年3月、国の記録選択無形民俗文化財
- Registered as nation's selected intangible properties of folk culture in March 2008
- これらのことから、上方落語の寄席文化は壊滅した。
- Consequently, the yose culture in Kamigata rakugo (rakugo in Osaka) was extinct.
- 大韓民国でも素麺を日常的に食べる文化が存在する。
- Republic of Korea also has a culture of ordinarily eating somen.
- 本来は袿より小型であったのが、大型化したらしい。
- Kouchigi was originally smaller than Uchigi, but said to have become larger.
- 上記の芸妓と、ほぼ同じ化粧で、必ずお歯黒を塗る。
- Tayu (geisha of the highest rank) wear almost the same makeup as a geigi and always apply ohaguro.
- 鐙(馬具の一種)が変化したとされる付喪神の一種。
- It is a kind of Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things), specifically the one transformed from abumi (stirrups.)
- 2008年 高松宮記念世界文化賞:演劇・映像部門
- 2008: Praemium Imperiale: Stage Play and Video Image Category
- 1972年、重要無形文化財各個指定(人間国宝)。
- 1972 Important Intangible Cultural Property Designation (Living National Treasure)
- 棒状に変化したものを「延べ棒」と呼ぶこともある。
- Rod shaped hairpins are also known as 'nobe-bo' (bar hairpains).
- 古くから日本の食文化に深い関わりを持つ魚である。
- It is a fish that has been strongly associated with Japanese food culture since the olden days.
- 研磨剤で研磨した後はサラダオイルなどで酸化を防ぐ。
- After polished with abrasive, plates shall be greased with oil such as salad oil to protect from rusting.
- それに比べ、白米を炊いた飯は消化も食感も良く旨い。
- In contrast, cooked white rice is good for the digestion, has a better texture, and is considered more delicious.
- 妖怪やお化けをあらわす「化生」が語源ともいわれる。
- It is said that the origin of this word is 'kesho,' which represents yokai and ghosts.
- 近年では手延べそうめんも大幅に機械化が進んでいる。
- These days, production of the tenobe somen has been widely mechanized.
- 中琴高仙人 左右群仙図(京都国立博物館)重要文化財
- Qin Gao and Other Immorta (Kyoto National Museum) Important Cultural Property
- 1972年、重要無形文化財各個指定、芸術院賞受賞。
- In 1972, he was designated as an important intangible cultural asset and received the Japan Art Academy Prize.
- 1967年、重要無形文化財保持者認定(人間国宝)。
- In 1967, recognition as the holder of the Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- 黒豆には抗酸化物質のアントシアンがふくまれている。
- Black beans contain antioxidant-rich anthocyan.
- 法隆寺(奈良県斑鳩町)蔵断簡 掛幅装(重要文化財)
- Fragment, as a hanging scroll, held by Horyu-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho, Nara Prefecture); important cultural property
- このことから、演歌ファンの高齢化が顕著になっている。
- For this reason, enka fans are markedly aging.
- 五徳紋(ごとくもん)は、五徳を図案化した家紋である。
- Gotokumon is a family crest which stylized the design of gotoku.
- - 松尾芸能賞大賞、無形重要文化財(人間国宝)に認定
- Received Matsuo Prize of Entertainment Grand Prize, and recognized as Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)
- 付喪神(歳月を経た器物が化けた妖怪)との見方もある。
- There is also a view that this is an artifact spirit (a very old vessel turned into a ghost).
- 1994年 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定。
- In 1994, he was recognized as a person who holds an important intangible cultural asset (a living national treasure).
- 同様に手紙の執念が妖怪化したものが文車妖妃ともいう。
- As seen from the above, the spirit of letter that has become a specter is also called 'Fuguruma-yobi.'
- フグ皮のコラーゲンがゼラチン化してゼリー状に固まる。
- Collagen in pufferfish skin jellifies the dish, setting it into a gelatin-like state.
- 昭和33年 (1958)、菊池寛賞、大阪市民文化賞。
- In 1958, he received Kan KIKUCHI Award and Osaka Citizen Cultural Award
- 祝儀袋等の表面に印刷された、簡略化されたものもある。
- Sometimes noshi marks are printed on gift envelopes as simplified forms of noshi.
- また、左利きに特化した器具も少数ながら登場している。
- Also, there have emerged some appliances, though in small quantity, specialized for the left-handed.
- 大衆化したのは錦絵の記述などから明治10年頃とされる。
- It is considered, based on the description of nishikie (colored woodblock print) and the like, that obiage became popular from around 1877.
- 高倉神社文化財環境保全地区〔綾部市〕※平成13年度決定
- The environmental preservation area of a cultural asset of Takakura-jinja Shrine [Ayabe City] *Decision made in 2001.
- 算額奉納の習慣は世界に例を見ず、日本独自の文化である。
- The dedication of sangaku is a practice unknown to other countries, and is unique to Japanese culture.
- 恐らくは両方が混在しつつ、俗称通称化したものであろう。
- Perhaps both were mixed and existed and came to be called common names.
- 建部によって本格的に開始された円理の研究を本格化した。
- He furthered the study of enri (circle principle), which was started in earnest by Takebe.
- 西教寺(滋賀県大津市坂本)蔵断簡 掛幅装(重要文化財)
- Fragment, as a hanging scroll, held by Saikyo-ji Temple (Sakamoto, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture); important cultural property
- 「祇園文化の誤解を招く」と問題視されるようにもなった。
- Now some people see maiko makeover as problematic causing misunderstanding about Gion culture.
- のちに高麗笛で代用することが一般化し用いられなくなった。
- It was later replaced by the komabue and fell into obscurity.
- このように元来は多種多様であった石帯も次第に固定化する。
- In this way we can see that there were initially various kinds of sekitai, but they became gradually restricted.
- 序がより荘厳に変化した真之序之舞(太鼓入りのみ)もある。
- In Shin no jo no mai (always accompanied on drums), the jo becomes more stately.
- 翌年には重要無形文化財各個指定(人間国宝)を受けている。
- The next year, he was individually designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- この場合デンプンが糊化しないので蒸したものより堅くなる。
- Hoshi-imo made from the boiled sweet potato becomes harder than that from steamed sweet potato, because starch contained in the sweet potato is not changed into an adhesive material.
- 主に和服や帯、相撲の化粧廻し、日本人形に用いられている。
- Nihon shishu is seen mainly in Japanese traditional clothes and sashes, kesho-mawashi (the ornamental apron) seen in sumo (Japanese-style wrestling), and Japanese dolls.
- 文化14年(1817年)、両国橋で行われた飲み喰い競争。
- It was a drinking and eating contest held at Ryogokubashi in 1817.
- 日本人の食文化にうなぎが登場したのは新石器時代頃である。
- Eel appeared in the Japanese food culture during the Neolithic Era.
- 欧米、特にヨーロッパ圏の料理が日本独自の進化をしたもの。
- Dishes originated in Europe or the United State, especially, in Europe, but have been transformed into Japan-specific ones
- 重要無形文化財の指定の対象は無形の「わざ」そのものである。
- The subject of designation for important intangible cultural property is the intangible 'skills' themselves.
- 1981年設立、1985年7月12日有限会社として法人化。
- Kyoto Animation was founded in 1981 and incorporated as a limited private company on July 12, 1985.
- 松鷹図(東京国立博物館)重要文化財 1974年に記念切手。
- Hawks and Pine Trees (Tokyo National Museum) Important Cultural Property: A memorial stamp was created in 1974.
- (禅竹は河勝を「翁」の化身とし、また始皇帝の転生と見た)。
- (Zenchiku regarded Kawakatsu as the incarnation of 'Okina' (old man), and also considered him to be the First Emperor, Shi Huangdi, reborn.)
- 天かすは油の酸化がすすみやすいため長期保存に向いていない。
- Tenkasu is easily-oxidizable, and therefore doesn't have good keeping quality.
- 昭和24年 (1950)、毎日演劇賞、大阪市復興文化祭賞。
- In 1950, he received the Theatrical Performance Award of Mainichi Newspapers and the Award of Restored Cultural Festival of Osaka City
- 完全に天然素材しか使わない化粧品なので、体に悪影響が無い。
- Beni is not harmful to health because it is a cosmetic made from pure natural ingredients.
- この色の変化がまた人々に、新酒の日本酒熟成の具合を物語る。
- This change of color tells people the ripening of the newly made Japanese sake.
- これは、肉食文化が、関西では牛肉中心、関東では豚肉が中心。
- Supposedly this reflects the difference of preference of meats between the Kansai area where beef is more regularly eaten and the Kanto area where pork is more common.
- こうした事から、イセエビ養殖の早期事業化が期待されている。
- With these facts, early commercialization to cultivate Japanese spiny lobsters is expected.
- 藤田美術館(大阪市都島区網島町)蔵断簡 1枚(重要文化財)
- Fragment, held by Fujita Museum of Art (Amijima-cho, Miyakojima Ward, Osaka City); important cultural property
- - 明治維新の西洋化思想は、海外の出版物の翻訳にも影響した。
- The westernized thinking of the Meiji Restoration also had an effect on the translation of publications from overseas.
- 化粧する専門家が常駐してるため、非常に美しい仕上がりになる。
- Since the experts on makeup are always on standby in these studios, the final conditions of the makeup can be very beautiful.
- 山の竹林の中に棲んでおり、竹を切る音を立てて人を化かす古狸。
- They are old raccoon dogs living in bamboo groves and fool people by making sound of cutting bamboo.
- 水木しげるの著書においてはこれが化け草履の逸話とされている。
- A Shigeru MIZUKI's book suggests that the story is considered to be an anecdote of zori which turned into a soul.
- 神奈川県大磯町の左義長は重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている。
- Sagicho Festival in Oiso-cho in Kanagawa Prefecture is designated as Important Intangible Folk-Cultural Property.
- 摺箔等の技法と共に安土桃山時代の豪華絢爛たる文化を演出した。
- Also, these dyeing techniques contributed to the luxurious and splendid culture along with surihaku (a dyeing technique that uses foil applique) in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- 寿司食が一般化した欧米諸国だが、鰻の蒲焼はあまり好まれない。
- Even though sushi has become popular in the western countries, eel kabayaki has not enjoyed the same popularity.
- 豊橋駅の次の三河安城駅でついにやや薄くなる変化が現れ始めた。
- Soup broth reportedly became a little thinner at the Udon noodle shops in Mikawa-Anjo Station, the next station from Toyohashi Station.
- 戦国時代 (日本)にはさらに文化の民衆化と地方普及が進んだ。
- In the the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the popularization and spread of culture to local regions were accelerated.
- 朧車とはこの車争いに敗れた貴族の遺恨が妖怪と化したものである。
- Oboro-guruma is a specter that the revenge of a court noble who had lost in Kuruma Arasoi turned into.
- 割り方は竹の太さや作る穂の数によって12~24等分と変化する。
- The number of equal prongs to be made varies from 12 to 24 according to the bamboo diameter and the intended number of bristles.
- この大きい「お化け」ということと根底で繋がっているともいえる。
- It can be said that there is a connection on the fundamental level to the concept of 'obake' as something that's large.
- しかし、近代になって市街化が進んだことによって灘が急速に衰退。
- However, due to the rapid urbanization in modern times, production declined in Nada.
- 花鳥図屏風(大和文華館)重要文化財 1981年に展覧会を開催。
- Flowers and Birds (The Museum Yamatobunkakan) Important Cultural Property: An exhibition was organized in 1981.
- 瑞阿弥は16世を称し、千葉県指定無形文化財保持者に認定された。
- Zuiami was named the sixteenth successor and was recognized by Chiba Prefecture as a Preserver of Intangible Cultural Properties.
- 九十九年使われた草履に魂が宿り、百年目に妖怪と化したとされる。
- It is said that a soul came to dwell on a zori used for 99 years and on the 100th anniversary, it became yokai.
- 観光ボランティアは個人ベースではなく、組織化され行動している。
- Sightseeing volunteer guides do not operate individually but as part of an organization.
- 水石(すいせき)は、室内で石を鑑賞する日本の文化、趣味である。
- Suiseki is Japanese culture or hobby of viewing stones indoors.
- いわば日本の酒文化のなかにこれら洋酒を認知する手続きであった。
- It was a process to admit these foreign liquors in the Japanese liquor culture.
- ラーメン-中国の麺料理に似ているが、日本独自の進化をした食品。
- Ramen: A food that is similar to Chinese noodle dishes but has been transformed uniquely in Japan.
- 武芸は能や歌のように芸とみなされ理論の確立や深化が進められた。
- Bugei was regarded as one of the artistic skills such as Noh (traditional masked dance-drama) and uta (poetry), and its theories came to be gradually established and deepened.
- 出光美術館(東京都千代田区丸の内)蔵断簡 掛幅装(重要文化財)
- Fragment, as a hanging scroll, held by Idemitsu Museum of Arts (Marunouchi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo); important cultural property
- そしてもちろん、日本人に現在も愛され続ける伝統文化の一つである。
- Needless to say, it is one of the traditional Japanese cultures that have been loved by Japanese people.
- 絶滅・減少の要因としては、池沼の開発や水質の悪化等があげられる。
- The main reasons for extinction and decrease include development of ponds and declining quality of water.
- そして、その学習過程において、人格を練磨し、情操を醇化していく。
- And to train character and inspire sentiment during the course of learning.
- また、温度によって甘味の変化が激しい点も缶コーヒーと相性が悪い。
- Furthermore, sweetness severely changes according to temperature, which is incompatible with canned coffee.
- 日光東照宮の日光東照宮文化財はこの逆柱があることで知られている。
- Yomeimon' (Yomei gate) erected in Nikko Tosho-gu is famous for its 'sakabashira'.
- 紫綬褒章受章、日本芸術院会員、重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)。
- He was honored with a shiju hosho (medal of honor with purple ribbon), he is a member of The Japan Art Academy, and a holder of the title of 'Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure)'.
- 以後、国風文化の興隆や生活様式の変化により袖は巨大化していった。
- Later, narrow and small sleeves were gradually replaced with loose-fitting, bigger sleeves as a result of the flourishing of kokufu bunka (Japan's original national culture) and changes in people's lifestyles.
- そのため、桐箱などに収めて温度変化の少ない場所に保管すると良い。
- Therefore, it should be put in a paulownia box and kept in the place with less temperature change.
- マクドナルド1号店が銀座にオープンし、稲の減反政策が本格化した。
- The first McDonalds opened in Ginza and the acreage-reduction policy of rice began to be fully promoted.
- 後に国風文化の影響を受けて束帯や衣冠・直衣などに変化していった。
- Later, under the influence of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture), chofuku changed into ikan sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress) and noshi (everyday clothes for nobles).
- このことを契機に強化手法を変え、若手主体のチーム作りに転換する。
- With this demotion as a turning point, the club changed the strengthening method and converted it into making up the team mainly with young players.
- 重要無形文化財保持者として各個認定された者を一般に人間国宝という。
- Ningen kokuho' (living national treasures), in general, refers to individuals designated as a holder of important intangible cultural property.
- しかし近年では一般化し、全国の食料品店でも容易に入手が可能である。
- However, it is now commonly found in food stores across the country.
- 龍笛の装飾を省いたものがそのまま七孔篠笛に変化したとは考えにくい。
- It is therefore unlikely that undecorated ryuteki simply developed into seven-hole shinobue.
- 緩やかな衰退の中で分化し、演歌の中に新ジャンルが発展しつつあった。
- In the course of gradual decline, enka music was being subdivided to give rise to new genres within it.
- また、幸をもたらす効果として、より美しくする装いを「化粧」という。
- In addition, for the purpose of bringing about happiness, the act of making oneself more beautiful is called 'kesho' (to wear a make up).
- からかさ小僧(からかさこぞう,唐傘小僧)は、古い傘が変化した妖怪。
- Karakasa-kozo (It is also inscribed in different manners such as in all hiragana, one of the Japanese phonetic characters, or in all kanji, Chinese characters) is a yokai (supernatural beings) into which an old umbrella changed.
- 鞍作止利(くらつくりのとり)は、飛鳥時代に活躍した帰化人系の仏師。
- KURATSUKURI no Tori was a busshi (sculptor of Buddhist Statues) of the naturalized citizen group who was active in the Asuka period.
- 化け草履(ばけぞうり)は、日本に伝わる付喪神の一種で、草履の妖怪。
- Bakezori' is one of Tsukumogami (the spirits of discarded object) and a yokai (apparition) of zori (thonged sandals).
- 提灯お化け(ちょうちんおばけ)は、日本の妖怪の一種で、提灯の妖怪。
- Chochin obake is a lantern ghost, a kind of a Japanese ghost.
- 天かすは空気(酸素)に触れる表面積が大きく油の酸化反応が早く進む。
- Since tenkasu has a large surface area exposed to the air (oxygen), it is easily-oxidizable.
- 江戸時代からはほぼ毎年開催され、少しずつ変化をしながら現在に至る。
- It has been held almost every year since the Edo period, with some alterations.
- 宮下伸作曲 「三十絃・尺八・歌になる“南島”」1995・文化庁委嘱
- Sanjugen, Shakuhach, Uta ninaru 'Minamijima'' (Minamijima becoming 30-string Koto, Shakuhachi, and songs) composed by Shin MIYASHITA (1995, commissioned by the Agency for Cultural Affairs)
- これまでに重要無形文化財保持者の認定を受けたのは以下の3名である。
- Until now, the following three persons have been certified as the holders of Important Intangible Cultural Property concerning this technique.
- 幕末には法導寺善が反転で円を直線に写して簡略化する手法を導入した。
- At the end of the Edo period, Zen HODOJI introduced a simplifying technique in which inverted circles are reflected in straight lines.
- 線は勁く緩急自在の変化は見事で、古来、散らし書きの絶品といわれる。
- The lines are powerful with impressive changes of pace and have been known as a superb example of chirashi-gaki since ancient times.
- また化学肥料で育てると極端に米がもろくなるという欠点も見つかった。
- It was also found that chemical fertilizers would bring up extremely brittle rice out of this breed.
- また襟足の化粧の施し方も、本物の約束事は守られていないことが多い。
- Few rules on the makeup of the nape are followed in maiko makeover services.
- 2007年、国際文化会館で行われた「松竹大歌舞伎」を天皇が鑑賞した。
- In 2007, the Reigning Emperor attended the 'Shochiku O-Kabuki' (a series of Kabuki performances) event held at the International House of Japan.
- 「から傘おばけ」「傘おばけ」「傘化け(かさばけ)」などとも呼ばれる。
- It is also called karakasa-obake, kasa-obake, and kasa-bake, all of which mean a Japanese popular monster.
- この場合の少女の化粧には少年のふんどしと同様、通過儀礼の色彩がある。
- In this case, a girl's makeup carries the meaning of the rite of passage, similar to a boy's fundoshi (loincloth).
- 2002年(平成14年)重要無形文化財各個保有者(人間国宝)に認定。
- He was designated as the individual holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure).
- 翌月初めには文化勲章を受賞、体に鞭打って皇居での親授式に臨んでいる。
- At the beginning of the following month, he was awarded the Order of Culture and made an effort to attend the award ceremony at the imperial palace.
- 30歳以下でも同年代の他のジャンルの歌手より厚化粧になる場合が多い。
- Even those who are under thirty years old tend to wear heavier atsugesho than singers of the same age in other genres.
- しかし茶の飲用方の変化によりその後廃絶、近年の茶芸によって復活した。
- However the utensil had disappeared due to change in the way of having tea in later period, and is restored by art of tea in recent years.
- 平安時代中期、三跡によって漢字が和様化され、同時期に仮名も誕生した。
- Kanji (Chinese characters) was made into Japanese style by the three great brush traces in the mid Heian period, and at the same time 'kana' was also created.
- やがて簡略化され、アワビの代わりに黄色い紙が用いられるようになった。
- These noshi amulets were eventually simplified, and yellow pieces of paper came to be used as noshi instead of abalone.
- 日本酒の歴史醸造業の近代化の軟水醸造法によって全国的に有名になった。
- They became well known across the country for the soft water sake brewing method developed in the latter of the Meiji period.
- 的の配置に左右、高低、大小と変化を付けた的を馬を疾走させつつ射抜く。
- Typically, archers shoot at targets varying in height, size and placement (somewhat left or right) and, typically from a galloping horse.
- 貿易自由化された輸入ウィスキーの消費はこの後十年で約20倍になった。
- 10 years later, the amount of consumption of whisky which was imported by trade liberalization became about 20 times larger.
- 昭和46年(1971年)は日本人の洋食化を物語る象徴的な年となった。
- 1971 was a symbolic year for the Westernization of the Japanese diet.
- 弘化元年(1844年)渋川景佑らにより『寛政暦書』(35巻)が出版。
- 'Kansei Rekisho (Expository Book in the Kansei Calendar)' (35 volumes) was published by Kagesuke SHIBUKAWA in 1844.
- 現在は一部手作業以外は機械化によって省力化されている(原理は同じ)。
- Now, these procedures, excluding some procedures requiring working by hand, have been turned over to labor-saving machines (the principle is the same).
- スープはやや現地化されているが、基本的には日本のうどんと大差はない。
- Basically, Udon noodles in Hong Kong and Taiwan are virtually the same as those in Japan, although the soup broth is slightly modified to local tastes.
- 漁師料理が一般化したもので、飲酒の際のおつまみという位置づけである。
- The dish was originally made by fishermen for themselves; however, today it is eaten by all and is popular as an accompaniment to alcoholic beverages.
- この時期の文化は、東山山荘に象徴されるところから東山文化とよばれる。
- The culture in this period was symbolized by the villa in Higashiyama, so it was called Higashiyama culture.
- カツ丼など特に日本化の進んだ一部の料理は和食に分類される場合もある。
- Some dishes, for example, katsudon (pork cutlet on rice), which have been Japanized significantly are sometimes classified as wa-shoku.
- 平安時代から江戸時代にかけて日本独自の酢飯文化として発展・定着した。
- From the Heian to the Edo period, the sushi-eating habit was developed and established as vinegared rice-eating culture specific to Japan.
- 青磁茶碗(酸化還元によって発色を決め、辰砂の銅で赤くしたものもある。)
- Seiji chawan (celadon-ware) (colors are generated by oxidation-reduction and some of them are colored in red by copper of cinnabar.)
- 個性化の時代を迎えて、個人の主張が容認される成熟した社会となっている。
- Now, the Japanese socieity is mature and so any individual advocacy is generally accepted, along with movements for individualization.
- 妖怪は、これらの恐怖や禍福をもたらす存在として具現化されたものである。
- Yokai was realized as beings that brought about such fear, haps and mishaps.
- 東京職工学校(現・東京工業大学)で応用化学を学び、その後、墨汁を発明。
- He studied applied chemistry at Tokyo Vocational School (present-day Tokyo Institute of Technology), and he later invented bokuju.
- ホット&コールド自販機の誕生と重なるこの時期は業者間の競争も激化した。
- During this period, that coincided with the time when hot and cold vending machines were invented, competition among dealers was intensifying.
- 世界各地の伝統芸能(特に東アジア、東南アジア)でも厚化粧の傾向がある。
- In traditional performing arts all over the world (especially in East Asia and Southeast Asia) there is a tendency to wear atsugesho as well.
- 同様に食器が変化した妖怪に、鍋笥(ナビゲー、杓子のこと)の妖怪がいる。
- Similarly there is a Nabige Yokai (dipper specter) among those specters to which eating utensils changed.
- 1973年(昭和48年)、重要無形文化財各個指定者(人間国宝)に認定。
- In 1973, he was recognized as an individual certified as an Important Intangible Cultural Asset (Living National Treasure).
- こうした時代の変化を受けて、現在、御座楽を復元する事業が行われている。
- Having accepted that times are changing, presently, efforts are being made to revive Uzagaku.
- 利用は各地の待合・お茶屋も不況や観光資源化により初めてでも入店できる。
- As a measure to deal with economic downturn and to attract tourists, both machiai and chaya nationwide have become available to customers who visit there for the first time.
- また、おにぎりに特化したファーストフード的な販売店・外食店も存在する。
- Furthermore, fast-food store like outlets and eating-out restaurants specialized in onigiri have been also opened.
- なお、ウナギの人工孵化は1973年に北海道大学において初めて成功した。
- Artificial incubation of eels was achieved for the first time in 1973 at Hokkaido University.
- すると、祈祷と平家への憎悪により母の体が鵺と化し、京都へ飛んで行った。
- Then her body turned into a Nue because of the prayer and hate for the Taira family, and the Nue flew to Kyoto.
- 14世紀末に興起した北山文化と15世紀末に興った東山文化がそれである。
- One was Kitayama culture established at the end of the fourteenth century, and the other was Higashiyama culture at the end of the fifteenth century.
- 無機化合物 - マグネシウム、カルシウム、カリウム、リン、ナトリウム、鉄
- Inorganic compound - Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Iron
- 関西と関東の文化の違いが現在に至るまで如実に現れている食材の一つである。
- It is a dish which displays the marked differences in culture between the Kansai and Kanto regions
- 閻魔大王や鬼の類がシテを勤めるもの(人が鬼に化ける話もこれに含まれる)。
- Oni Yamabushi Kyogen is a Kyogen in which the performer playing the role of Enma Daio (the King of Hell), Oni (ogre), or others assumes the role of 'Shite'; it includes programs with the story that people turn into Oni.
- 経時による風味劣化の抑制には『ビタミンC』などの酸化防止剤が添加される。
- Antioxidants such as 'Vitamin C' are added to control flavor deterioration over the lapse of time.
- 多くの場合、専門家が化粧するため、非常に洗練された美しい仕上がりになる。
- In most cases, experts help the people wear makeup so that the final conditions are sophisticated and beautiful.
- 男性歌手にも美輪明宏、美川憲一の様に女性と同様の化粧をするケースがある。
- There are even some cases of male singers wearing makeup similar to that used by the women, such as Akihiro MIWA and Kenichi MIKAWA.
- 職業によっては若い内から(時には少年少女の頃から)厚化粧する場合がある。
- A number of occupations require the use of atsugesho from a young age (sometimes from boyhood or girlhood).
- 昭和43年 (1968)、重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定される。
- In 1968, he was accredited as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure.)
- 江戸時代の音楽文化は、概して、身分制や家元制に縛られた窮屈なものだった。
- The music culture in the Edo period was, as a whole, rigid as it was bound to the class system and to the monopolized system of licensing of teaching art.
- これは文字の書く方向の教育や食器の多くが右利きに特化しているためである。
- This is because the education in writing Japanese letters and many eating utensils is specialized for right-handed persons.
- 生石灰(酸化カルシウム)と水を混合した時に起こる発熱反応を利用している。
- They use an exothermic reaction caused by quicklime (calcium oxide) mixed up with water.
- 日本の陶芸は世界で最も優れており、日本文化においても最も古い歴史がある。
- Japanese ceramics are the most excellent across the world, and it has the longest history amongst the Japanese arts.
- それらの量が多ければ多いほど、酵母にとっての環境変化は大きなものとなる。
- Increased quantities of ingredients make the environmental change bigger for the yeast.
- 文化 (元号)年間を中心に地歌三味線、箏の演奏家、作曲家として活躍した。
- Mainly during the Bunka era, he was active as a player of jiuta shamisen and so (or koto) and a composer.
- それは酒類に限らず、技術革新が生活の諸方面にもたらした意識変化であった。
- Those were the changes in consciousness which technical innovations brought not only to consumption style of liquors but also various aspects of life.
- 孵化時には体長1.5mmほどだが成長につれて30回ほどの脱皮を繰り返す。
- The body length of the larvae is about 1.5 millimeter and they shed their shell about thirty times as they grow.
- 食味に優れるが、麺の熟成度が時間と共に変化するため長期保存には向かない。
- While fresh Udon noodles have excellent eating quality, they are unsuitable for long preservation because they maturing advances with time.
- 教房の父で当代随一の文化人一条兼良も奈良、つづいて美濃国に下向している。
- Norifusa's father Kanera ICHIJO, the greatest intellectual figure of that day, also went down to Nara and subsequently to Mino Province.
- (ちなみに漢字では僧伽(そうぎゃ)と書き、後に現在での僧へと変化した。)
- (In this connection, it is written as 僧伽 [sougya] in Chinese characters, which has later changed into 僧 [sou, meaning a Buddhist priest] at present.)
- 具材の鮮度ではなく飯と具材の味が基本の寿司で持ち帰っても味が変化しにくい。
- Kansaizushi places importance on the taste of the rice and ingredients, not on their freshness, and the taste hardly changes when it is taken home.
- その一方で日本の古典文化は排斥され、唄や踊りの伝承書が焚書された例もある。
- In the meantime, classical Japanese culture was denounced, and there were examples of book burning of written traditions of song and dance.
- 只、年増の厚化粧という言葉に象徴されるように、好感を持たれない場合が多い。
- However, symbolized by the phrase 'toshima no atsugesho' (heavy makeup by a middle-aged woman), using such heavy makeup often gives an unfavorable impression.
- 吉宗は一旦これを廃止したものの、家斉が再び使用をはじめ、以後は恒例化した。
- Yoshimune TOKUGAWA briefly abandoned this practice, but it was revived by Ienari and continued as an established custom.
- 明治維新後は体制や文化の変化に伴って茶陶の需要が激減し、廃業した者も多い。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the demand for tea pottery rapidly dropped as Japanese society and culture changed, leading to many potters giving up their professions.
- 葵紋(あおいもん)はウマノスズクサ科のフタバアオイを図案化したものである。
- Aoi-mon is designed in the motif of a futaba-aoi (two-leaf mallow), which belongs to Aristolochiaceae.
- 石帯に吊るすもので、古代中国で用いられた割符が装飾品化したものといわれる。
- It is hung from a Sekitai (a type of sash with stones), and said that it originally was a tally used in ancient China and became an ornament.
- これは芋の自己分解で生まれた糖分が表面に出て結晶化したものでカビではない。
- This white powder is not mold but crystallized sugar coming to the surface after being formed through the autolysis process in potato.
- 美濃物については、鎬地柾がかり、沸出来となるため、新刀からの化かしが多い。
- As for the Mino swords, it is with masame (straight grain), and Nie deki (a type of temper line), it is often the imitation of a new sword.
- - 翁などの表現から長寿の具現化や古いことが民間信仰において尊ばれている。
- Judging from expressions such as Okina, the realization of longevity and ancientry is highly valued in folk beliefs.
- 近代以降、褌も六尺褌から、時代と共に簡略化されて越中褌で行う地区もあった。
- In more recent times, in a departure from traditional loincloths (Rokushaku Fundoshi), along with the changing times there were some regions who held simplified loincloth (Etchu Fundoshi) events.
- 違法化されると、「どぶろく」という語も「密造酒」という意味を帯びていった。
- After it became illegal, the word 'Doburoku' also came to indicate 'bootleg.'
- 昭和39年(1964年)「ワンカップ大関」が登場し酒の消費形態が変化した。
- In 1964, 'One CUP OZEKI' ('one cup' refers to a sake sold in a glass) appeared and the consumption style of sake changed.
- 2006年は検査の強化や中国側が輸出を控えているため、台湾産が増えている。
- In 2006, the amount of eels from Taiwan increased because of stricter inspection as well as China holding back on exports.
- 別説では鵺の死霊は1頭の馬と化し、木下と名づけられて頼政に飼われたという。
- According to another theory, the spirit of the dead Nue turned into a horse, which was named Kinoshita and kept by Yorimasa.
- 二毛作による粉食文化のある群馬県・埼玉県北部・秩父地方の野菜煮込みうどん。
- Okkirikomi is a bowl of simmering Udon noodles with vegetables, a specialty of Gunma Prefecture, north of Saitama Prefecture and the Chichibu area, where they are enjoying a powdered food culture materialized by the two-crop system.
- また大衆から愛される大衆文化からできた料理を大衆料理と呼ばれることもある。
- Dishes that have been generated in the popular culture liked by the general public are sometimes called taishu-ryori dishes as well.
- その他メカブの成分を使用したシャンプーや石鹸、化粧品なども発売されている。
- Mekabu seaweed is used as an ingredient for shampoo, soap and skin care products that are available in the market.
- 2003年 重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定(親子二代での人間国宝)。
- 2003: He was designated a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) (His father is also a Living National Treasure).
- そのうち重要なものを重要無形文化財として指定することができると規定している。
- The law prescribes that among them, the important things are allowed to be designated as important intangible cultural properties.
- 昭和43年 (1968)、重要無形文化財保持者各個認定(人間国宝)をうける。
- He was individually designated as a holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1968.
- 1943年6月4日に、戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱が日本の政府で閣議決定された。
- On June 4, 1943, an Outline covering Wartime Clothing Simplification was decided by the Cabinet.
- また膠の代わりに接着剤のような化学的に合成された樹脂を使っているものがある。
- In addition, there are those that use chemically synthesized, adhesive-like resin instead of animal glue.
- 物真似、お笑い、等では企画内容や出演者の意図によって厚化粧をする場合がある。
- In impersonation and comical performances, atsugesho is sometimes used to go along with planned content or to achieve an effect by the performer.
- また伝承上には、この油徳利が付喪神(器物の変化した妖怪)となったものがある。
- Tradition says that Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things, some of which are specters transformed from artifacts) of abura tokkuri exists.
- 着物や袴の下に履く下着として、明治以降の日本の近代化に伴い全国的に普及した。
- In the period of the modern Japanese development since the Meiji period, it became a common in the whole country as underwear to be put under kimono or hakama (pleated loose-fitting trousers).
- 平安後期以後の和様化した闕腋袍が、袖付けより下をすべてあけているのと異なる。
- This is different from the Kettekino ho in and after the latter half of Heian Period, which turned into a Japanese style whose underarm portions were all open.
- 後世では極めて瀟洒なものになった反面、整いすぎて形式化したものが少なくない。
- The style became quite elegant in later years but not a few are too balanced and formalistic.
- 本来、稲荷神は狐ではないが、江戸時代には俗信により同化とみなす向きがあった。
- Originally, Inari-shin (the god of the harvest) had not been a fox, but there was a tendency to identify it by a folk belief in the Edo period.
- 一般化して述べるが、当然ながら意義付けなどは流派によってかなりの差異がある。
- The following are general explanations of each practice; as a matter of course, definitions of each practice are very different according to each house/style.
- このように江戸時代に入り商品化された酒は「商人の酒」といわれるようになった。
- In this way, the sake which was commoditized in the Edo period came to be called 'sake of merchants.'
- 醸造業の近代化とはすなわち、「酒を工業的に生産する」ことの始まりでもあった。
- The modernization of the brewing industry was the beginning of the 'industrial production of sake.'
- その他、太平洋側の黒潮の大蛇行の変化なども漁獲量に影響すると考えられている。
- In addition, it is considered that the great meandering of the Black Current (warm current) off the coast of the Pacific side affects the haul.
- リノレン酸は酸化し易いため、同食用油の開封後は早めに消費する事が勧められる。
- Since linolenic acid is easily oxidized, once cooking shiso oil is opened, quick use is recommended.
- 小さな卵をブドウの房状にして腹脚に抱え、孵化するまでの1-2ヶ月間保護する。
- They protect their eggs by holding the botryoidally-gathered small eggs in their abdominal legs for one or two months until they hatch.
- 少しでも熟成や酸化を抑えるべく、脱酸素剤といっしょに包装している場合もある。
- With the aim of curbing maturing and oxidization as much as possible, some fresh Udon noodles are packed with a deoxidizer.
- 室町時代は武家が公家を圧倒し、文化的にも大きく成長をとげていった時代である。
- Muromachi period was the time in which the warrior class politically overwhelmed court nobles, and its culture largely developed.
- インドの貴族が数珠や貴金属を編んで製作し身につけていた装身具を図案化した文様
- A pattern that designs the accessories that nobles in India wove beads and precious metal and wore.
- 屋内での茶道では重視される細かいマナーが簡略化された気安い催しの場合もある。
- In some cases, Nodate is an event easy to participate in where detailed manners are simplified although they are valued in an indoor tea ceremony.
- 玄米は圧力釜でない普通の炊飯器で炊くと糠層の消化が悪く、食感もぼそぼそで悪い。
- When brown rice is cooked in a normal rice cooker rather than a pressure cooker, its rice bran layer is difficult to digest, and the texture is dry and poor.
- 京都アニメーションが自社元請け制作に一本化してからは、同社のグロス請けに専念。
- As Kyoto Animation has dedicated itself to its own prime productions, Animation Do has been devoted to the gross subcontract of Kyoto Animation.
- スケトウダラを加工して食べる食文化は、朝鮮半島で17世紀ごろには広まっていた。
- Processed walleye pollack was already prevalent in the food culture of the Korean Peninsula by the 17th century.
- しかしながら、この現象は、文化の異なる例えば中国人には奇異に映るかもしれない。
- Such a custom might appear strange to the Chinese.
- 糖類、乳製品、乳化された油脂を使用したものに「ブラック」と表示してはならない。
- It is not permitted to label products containing sugars, dairy products or emulsified fats as 'Black.'
- その2か月後の1982年1月11日、ベーチェット病悪化に伴う心不全のため死去。
- Two months later on January 11, 1982, his Behçet's disease worsened and he died of heart failure.
- 男性演歌歌手も、和服の場合は太いアイライナーを入れる、等、厚化粧の傾向はある。
- Male enka singers tend to wear atsugesho as well when they dress in wafuku, such as thick eyeliner.
- 茶箱手前を制度化している裏千家の作法に則って以下使い方について簡単に解説する。
- Herein below, the manner of using kinto is briefly explained according to manners of Urasenke school in which chabako-demae is institutional.
- これにより、上流社会の行事から一般の国民が参加できる文化行事へと変化を遂げた。
- In this way, the high society event turned into a cultural event in which the general public can participate.
- 十一代 慶入(文化 (元号)14(1817年) - 明治35年(1902年))
- The eleventh Keinyu (1817-1902)
- 初詣が習慣化したのはそれほど古い時代ではなく、明治時代中期のこととされている。
- Hatsumode is considered to have become a common practice not so long ago but during the middle of the Meiji period.
- また粉にすることで消化が良くなり、大豆の栄養素を効率的に摂取することができる。
- Additionally, as soybean flour comes in digestible powder form, the nutrients of soybeans are efficiently absorbed.
- これを記念して千里の屋敷跡の興善庵に1809年(文化6年)に句碑が建てられた。
- In 1809, a poem monument was erected to commemorate the above event within the ground of Kozen-an which was Senri's residence.
- 紙製の場合にはアルコールや安定化二酸化塩素等を含有する液体を用いることもある。
- Alcohol or liquids containing stabilized chlorine dioxide are sometimes used instead of water for paper oshibori.
- 文明開化以降はお歯黒とともに衰退し、明治時代中期にはほとんどみられなくなった。
- After the civilization and enlightenment, both hikimayu and ohaguro declined and almost died out by the mid Meiji period.
- 酒蔵の近代化とはすなわち、もっと工業的にコスト削減をめざすということであった。
- The modernization of sake breweries meant an attempt to decrease costs by industrialization.
- 竹で編んだ籠の網目を図案化したもので、六角形のそれぞれの辺に三角形が並んだ文様
- A pattern that depicts mesh of baskets made weaving bamboo by arranging a triangle for each outside line of a hexagon.
- ハモという和名も、よく咬みつくことから「食む」(はむ)が変化した呼称といわれる。
- It is said that its Japanese name 'hamo' stems from the word 'hamu', which means bite and eat, because it always attempts to bite.
- 文明開化以降、迷信などの類は否定的に見られるだけでなく、排斥される傾向にあった。
- After the cultural enlightenment, things such as superstitions were viewed not only negatively, but they had a tendency to be denounced.
- しかし近代に入り東京に進出してからは東京風のスマートで洗練された芸風に変化した。
- However, since the school moved to Tokyo in modern times it has changed the style to smart and elegant Tokyo style.
- 文字ははじめ実用として生まれたが、文化の進展につれ美的に表現する方法が生まれた。
- Characters were initially created for actual use, but the method to express aesthetically was created with the advancement in culture.
- 鳥の眼のようなこの模様は虫の化石であり、実用には関係ないものだが大変珍重される。
- The bird's eyes-like patterns are insects fossils and are greatly prized although they are not related to practical use.
- 豆の品種や製法に焦点をあてたイメージ戦略で清涼飲料系缶コーヒーとの差別化を図る。
- They aimed at differentiation from soft-drink-type canned coffee through an image marketing strategy focusing on kinds of coffee beans and manufacturing process.
- バトンガール、チアガール、カラーガード隊、等も団体によっては厚化粧の場合が多い。
- Some groups of baton twirlers, cheerleaders, color guard teams, etc. also often wear atsugesho.
- 2009年 運営を京都市文化市民局から外郭団体の京都市音楽芸術文化振興財団に移管
- In 2009, the operation of Kyoto Symphony Orchestra was transferred from the Culture and Citizens Affairs Bureau of Kyoto Prefecture to an extra-departmental organization, Kyoto City music art cultural Promoting Foundation.
- しかし現在では売春が禁じられていること、時代の変化等によりそのようなことはない。
- At present, however, machiai-chaya is not used in such a way, because prostitution is now prohibited, and those types of machiai-chaya are not needed in current society.
- 屋号は1846年(弘化3年)に山階宮家から賜ったもので、「茶ひとつを保つ」の意。
- Its trade name Ippodo, which was bestowed on by the Yamashinanomiya Imperial Family in 1846, implies 'to maintain nothing but tea business.'
- 童水干などと同様の経緯で貴族の子供用になり高級化して絹糸製の「絲鞋」が誕生した。
- Following the same developments as Dosuikan (the Heian costume for children), it was upgraded for the noble children; that is the beginning of 'Shigai' made of silk.
- しかし、この他所酒こそが、のちの日本の酒文化の中核をなす地酒の出発点でもあった。
- However, this yosozake was the beginning of jizake (local sake) which later became the center of Japanese sake culture.
- 昭和24年(1949年)5月6日酒類の配給制が解かれ酒類販売の自由化がなされた。
- On May 6, 1949, the ration system of liquors was lifted and the sales of liquors was liberated.
- このような消費様式の変化は、明治後期から昭和時代前期にかけてゆっくりと浸透した。
- This change of the consumption style slowly spread from the latter part of the Meiji period to the early part of the Showa period.
- 焼き餃子-満州で食べられていた餃子が、日本において中身の具材や焼き方が変化した。
- Yaki-gyoza (a fried dumpling stuffed with minced pork): Gyoza dishes were eaten in Manchuria, but their ingredients and frying method have been transformed uniquely in Japan.
- 外国から輸入した文化を日本向けに改良した物の例として挙げられる事がしばしばある。
- It is often cited as a concrete sample that a variety of things from foreign cultures introduced to Japan are tailored to meet the needs of Japanese.
- だが、東山文化へと移行していく15世紀中頃からこうした闘茶は衰退の様相を見せた。
- But tocha began to decline in the middle of the fifteenth century when the culture was changing into Higashiyama Bunka (Culture of the Eastern Mountain).
- 日本が近代化して以降でも野点はしばしば戸外で楽しむ行楽の様式として存続している。
- After Japan was modernized, Nodate still survives as one of outdoor amusement which one can often enjoy.
- 宇治茶が栂尾茶と並んで本茶として扱われるようになり、その方法も複雑化していった。
- Because Uji Tea as well as Toganoo Tea came to be classified as honcha, the procedure of tocha became complicated.
- 精米後の白米は、皮をはがれた状態であり、日数の経過と共に酸化等により劣化していく。
- White rice has had the outer layer removed during the polishing process, so it deteriorates more easily due to oxidation as days go by.
- 近年では、ABS樹脂を用いて成形した上に化学塗料を塗った重箱を使用した鰻重も多い。
- Recently many unaju use the Jubako that is made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin and coated with chemical coating.
- 発祥は『嬉遊笑覧』に記述がある、文化 (元号)に馬喰町に存在した「笹屋」とされる。
- Its birthplace is considered to be 'Sasaya' (a soba restaurant) that existed in Bakuro Cho in the Bunka era as mentioned in 'Kiyushoran' (an encyclopedic book on cultures).
- 作曲家のすぎやまこういちも「日本の音楽文化に暗黒時代を築いた」と自著に記している。
- Koichi SUGIYAMA, a composer, also writes in his book that it 'brought about the dark age in Japanese music culture.'
- 他の芸能との交流も進み、講釈での人気演目が歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃化されることもあった。
- Interacting with other forms of public entertainment helped popular koshaku acts to be performed in kabuki and ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater).
- 大日本帝国海軍の糧食として採用され、米飯を主食とする日本の食文化とマッチして定着。
- It was adopted as a food to sustain the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and became popular because it matched Japan's food culture which was based on rice.
- 江戸時代中期、近衛家熙が上代様の復古に努め、低俗化しつつあった和様に清風を注いだ。
- In the mid Edo period, Iehiro KONOE endeavored to restore Jodaiyo, and added a fresh breeze to the Japanese style which was gradually losing its class.
- サツマイモの甘味を増やすため、サツマイモを収穫後に糖化させるなどの工夫もしている。
- Various technique are adopted, including the saccharification method of the fresh sweet potato, which enhances sweetness.
- この時代は紅は衣装などにふんだんに使用されはしたが、化粧にはほとんど姿を現さない。
- Beni was used widely for clothing during this period, but it was hardly used for cosmetic purposes.
- 岐阜県海津市のも県重要無形民俗文化財に指定され毎年2月11日に盛大に行われている。
- Sagicho in Kaizu City of Gifu Prefecture is also designated as Gifu Important Intangible Folk-Cultural Property and they have a magnificent festival on February 11.
- からくり人形と現代のロボットに技術的な繋がりは無いが、文化的な繋がりは少なくない。
- Between the Edo karakuri ningyo and the present robot, there exists no technical link, but not a few cultural links do exist.
- 配給制から自由化に移行するに当たって、各都道府県に指定の卸が置かれることとなった。
- In accordance with the change from the ration system to liberalization, wholesalers were designated in each prefecture.
- 本格的な西洋数学導入までの間、和算(又は和算家)は応用面においても近代化を支えた。
- But until the fully-fledged introduction of western mathematics was under way, wasan (as well as wasan mathematicians) also played a part in the modernization of the country on the practical side.
- - 1734-1807(享保19-文化4)すぐれた教育者で和算の普及に大いに貢献。
- 1734 – 1807: he was an excellent teacher and contributed greatly to the dissemination of wasan.
- 後者の省略説もムナビラキ→ムナギのような省略は通常では起こり難い変化だからである。
- Even with the latter theory of abbreviation, munabiraki shortening to munagi is also an unlikely process under normal circumstances.
- また、平和な江戸時代において、禅など心法に重きをおく流派がでるなど変化していった。
- Some schools which put more emphasis on shinpo (mind training), such as Zen, appeared in the peaceful Edo period.
- 現在も続く各種古武道は、古式の形態を守りつつも時代に合わせて変化している例も多い。
- Various kobudo have been surviving till now, and many are not only observing their ancient styles, but also changing their styles to follow the current of the times.
- 武家が政治・経済のみならず文化の面でも時代を代表する存在となったことを示している。
- This means that the warrior class emerged as a leading figure not only in politics and economy, but also in the field of culture.
- しかし戦争の激化により一部は閉鎖され、残った寄席も大阪大空襲によって灰塵に帰した。
- Yet, some were shut down as the War became more intense and the rest were burned down by the Osaka Air Raid.
- 性教育のため、性文化の追求、また思想、宗教的意味合いがあったかなどもわかっていない。
- It was not known if it was for sex education or for the pursuit of sex culture, or philosophical or religious implication.
- この文化的流行が歌舞伎役者に一般化するにつれて俳名に変化した(現代の俳優名に発展)。
- As this cultural fashion was generalized to Kabuki actors, the item branched into Haimyo (a pen name of the haiku poet), which later developed into a name used by current actors.
- 墨色に立体感が出て、筆の運びにしたがって芯や滲みなど墨色の変化が美しく出るとされる。
- The ink color gains three-dimensionality, and it is said that variation in the ink color according to the brush movement, such as the shin and nijimi, takes on aesthetic expression.
- 墨汁には古来の墨と異なり化学的に合成された物質が原材料として使われている場合もある。
- Unlike ancient sumi, chemically synthesized substances are used as main ingredients in some cases of bokuju.
- 又、祭りの中で、男性が女装する場合がある(女装祭り)が、その場合は必ず厚化粧になる。
- Moreover, there are some cases in which men disguise themselves as women during festivals (drag festivals), in which case they always wear atsugesho.
- ミュージカル、宝塚歌劇、等は演出等にもよるが、演出を重視する場合ほど、厚化粧になる。
- Although makeup used in musicals, Takarazuka Revue, etc. varies depending on the stage effects, atsugesho becomes more heavily applied as greater emphasis is placed on the stage effects.
- 死の前年の昭和35年 (1960) には文化功労者および人間国宝にも認定されている。
- In 1960, the year before his death, he was designated a Person of Cultural Merit and a Living National Treasure.
- 自らの尾を食う魚や、2匹の魚や龍が珠を争う姿などを図案化した鈴のような形をしている。
- It looks like a bell which is designed from a fish eating its own tail, or two fishes and a dragon competing for a gem.
- それ以前より、一部の居酒屋ではチューハイまたはそれに類する物はメニュー化されていた。
- Before then, some izakaya (Japanese-style bars) had provided chuhai or something like that on the menu.
- メスは腹肢が大きく、第5脚(一番後ろの歩脚)が小さなはさみ (動物)に変化している。
- Females have larger abdominal appendages and their fifth legs (the hindmost legs) are transformed into little claws.
- 中国福建省の清流県や寧化県には客家が住んでいるが、ソウギョの刺身を食べる伝統がある。
- The Hakka people living in Qingliu County and Ninghua County of Fujian Province in China have a tradition of eating grass carp sashimi.
- また、男女の情愛に特化されたジャンルで、演歌よりも都会的なムード歌謡というものがある。
- There is also a genre named 'mood songs' that is specific to affection between a man and a woman and has more urban atmosphere than enka.
- 袂(たもと)の語源は、「手本」という言葉がもとになり変化して生まれた言葉だといわれる。
- It is said that Tamoto originated from the word 'temoto' meaning 'at hand,' which had changed to 'Tamoto.'
- 以前はニット製品で有るが為, 足の形が表面化し正装には向かないという考え方が強かった。
- As these knitted products show foot shapes clearly, it was strongly considered that they were not suitable for being worn with formal attire in the past.
- 清楽は文化文政の幕末に入った清朝の音楽で世俗に流行し、明清楽とも言われるようになった。
- Shingaku is Chinese Qing Dynasty music that was imported in the Bunka-Bunsei era (1786 to 1841) of the Edo period, and it became popular among ordinary people, also being called minshingaku (Ming and Qing-era Chinese music).
- さらに、距離、口径、季節等の変化に対応した、火薬剤の配合比率等が秘伝として伝えられた。
- The combination ratio of gunpowder that varied with the distance, caliber, or season was introduced as another secret of the art.
- 今後はこうした食生活の変化に適合していくことが洋食の将来を左右することになるであろう。
- Whether or not to catch upon the change occurring in eating habits will most likely to decide the fate of Yoshoku.
- なかでも、よさこいの場合は歌舞伎の隈取りを思わせる派手な化粧をするグループが目につく。
- In Yosakai especially, numerous groups wear showy makeup to remind people of kumadori in Kabuki.
- この筋外橋門外での15日間の「弘化勧進能」は、江戸時代最大にして最後の勧進能となった。
- This 15 day-long performance called 'Koka Kanjin-Noh' (Kanjin-Noh of Koka era) held outside the Sujikaibashi-mon Gate was the biggest and the last kanjin-Noh performance of the Edo period.
- 日本髪でない場合は白塗りにならないが、同年代の他の職業の女性より、かなり厚化粧になる。
- Unless they wear a Japanese coiffure, they do not use shironuri (white makeup), but they do apply a more considerable amount of atsugesho than women of the same age in other occupations.
- 『百器徒然袋』の解説文によれば、石燕はこの玄上と牧馬が琵琶牧々に変化したと述べている。
- According to the explanation in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro', Sekien states that it had been those 'genjo' and 'bokuba' that have transformed into Biwabokuboku.
- 上記の通り慣例故実を整理簡素化した大正大礼以後、太刀と石帯の対応関係もなくなっている。
- Since the state ceremony of the Taisho Emperor, when the customs were simplified as described above, the link between sword and sekitai has been lost.
- ぼろ布でできた竜のような姿で描かれており、解説文によれば古い布巾が化けたものとされる。
- It is drawn as a waterfall like figure made with a rag, and according to its explanation, it is a transformed old dish towel.
- 明楽の伝来は、明国の魏之琰(ぎしえん)(1617年?-1689年)の帰化にさかのぼる。
- The introduction of Mingaku to Japan dates back to when Gishien of Ming (c.1617 - 1689) became naturalized in Japan.
- したがって壺飾や口切は過去の文化を伝えるために形式的に残されたものという見方もできる。
- Therefore, tsubo kazari and kuchikiri may have remained as a matter of form in order to pass down the traditional procedures.
- 武士政権の鎌倉期に入っても廃れるどころか後々も稚児や高級武士の中に男性の化粧が残った。
- This custom did not become outdated during the Samurai government in the Kamakura period; indeed, men's makeup was taken over by children in a traditional festival procession and high-class samurai in later times.
- 内臓に含まれる消化酵素によって熟成し、よく熟れたものは茶漬けにするととろける程になる。
- It matures by digestive enzyme contained in guts, and well-matured Shuto almost melts when it is eaten with rice with tea poured on.
- 上記のような伝統的な杜氏集団の有りようは、1980年代ごろから急速に変化してきている。
- The above-described traditional style of toji group has been rapidly changing since about the 1980s.
- 香港やシンガポールなど中国系文化圏でも、旧暦の正月にお祝いをすることがほとんどである。
- In the Chinese culture area such as Hong Kong and Singapore, people celebrate the new year according to the lunar calendar in most cases.
- 様々な流儀で交流が行われ、槍術や剣術、柔術などで試合方法や試合道具が共通化していった。
- Various exchanges were made between different schools or styles, and the manners of a match or the tools for a match were being made common in sojutsu, kenjutsu, jujutsu, and so on.
- これを簡単化するため、算変法を導入し、円の一つを直線に変換することで計算を簡略化した。
- In order to simplify the problem, he introduced Sanpenho, that simplified the calculation by converting a circle into a straight line.
- 飲み込む力の低下した高齢者がのどに詰まらせる事故が高齢化社会の進行とともに増えている。
- Accidents where an aged person whose power to swallow has weakened and chokes on a piece of mochi, are increasing with the advancement of an aging society.
- こうした連歌師の地方遍歴は大名・武士・庶民への文化の伝播のうえに大きな役割を果たした。
- These linked-verse poets' pilgrimage to many lands contributed to the spread of culture among daimyo, samurai, and ordinary people.
- 現在、京都府丹後地方では原料の糸を絹から綿・化合繊に変えた丹後ちりめんRも織られている。
- At present, in the Tango region of Kyoto Prefecture, a new type of Tango Chirimen R is being turned out, using cotton and synthetic yarns instead of silk yarns as material yarns.
- 近年では大衆店化、チェーン店化しているところを中心に、シャリの自動握り機が普及している。
- In recent years, a machine automatically forming bite-sized balls of shari (vinegared rice) has been prevailing mainly in popularized and chain sushi restaurants.
- 欧米の一部には、これを新しい食文化の誕生を疎外するものであると批判的に見る向きもあった。
- Some Western countries considered that such plan might disturb the birth of a new food culture, and took a critical look at the plan.
- 河内素麺(大阪府)…近代に至るまで隆盛を極めたが、都市化や環境の劣化に伴って次第に衰退。
- Kawachi somen (Osaka Prefecture): Though flourished until the modern times, gradually declined according to the urbanization and the degradation of the environment.
- これについては、素麺の油分は長期保存によって酸化し、むしろ風味を損なうとする意見もある。
- There is also objection that long-time preservation oxidizes oil in somen and rather causes a loss in eating quality.
- 木綿製足袋の普及と同時に、紐止め式からボタン止め式へと足袋を留める方式も変化していった。
- Corresponding to the wide use of cotton-made tabi, buttons instead of laces became to be used to prevent a tabi from slipping off.
- そのうちの一つは、遊びに飽きて使われることのなくなった貝が妖怪化した、というものである。
- One interpretation is that; as people got tired of playing the game, clamshells that became useless turned to be a spirit.
- 火落ち菌は乳酸菌の一種で、日本酒に入り込むと濁りを生じ、酸化させ、また臭みを帯びさせる。
- Hiochi bacteria are a species of lactobacillus, when they get into sake, sake becomes cloudy, oxidized and has offensive odor.
- また、北金目塚越遺蹟(神奈川県平塚市)からもおにぎり状に固まった炭化米が発見されている。
- Furthermore, carbonized rice which solidified like onigiri is also found in the Kitakaname Tsukakoshi remains (Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture).
- 初代宮下秀冽作曲 「三十絃のための独奏曲」(宮下伸の演奏により芸術祭 (文化庁)優秀賞)
- Solo for 30-string Koto' composed by Shuretsu MIYASHITA the first (won Arts Festival [the Agency for Cultural Affairs] Excellence Award played by Shin MIYASHITA)
- こちらは麹カビの糖化作用を利用した醸造法であり、現代の日本酒のそれと相通じるものである。
- This is a brewing method which utilized the saccharification of Aspergillus oryzae and it is similar to the one of modern sake.
- 三すくみ拳は東アジアに古くから分布し日本にも平安時代には存在し和風化されて遊ばれていた。
- Sansukumi-ken was present in various areas of eastern Asia from long ago, and it existed and was played in Japan from the Heian Period after being adapted to the Japanese way.
- 酒が瓶詰めになったことは、人の酒の飲み方、すなわち消費形態や食生活にも変化をもたらした。
- Bottled sake changed how sake was drank, in other words, people's consumption form and diet.
- また、そのため多くの酒蔵が近代化促進計画の元で転廃業や集約製造への参加を余儀なくされた。
- In addition, for this reason, many sake breweries were forced to change or close their businesses or participate in an intensive production under the modernization promotion plan.
- 文化 (元号)・文政の頃に現代の和食が完成し、ウナギ・天ぷら・寿司などが大衆に流行した。
- Modern-day Japanese cuisine was established during the Bunka era (1804 to 1817) and the Bunsei era (1818 to 1829), and eel, tempura, and sushi became popular among the commoners.
- 7世紀以降、遣隋使、遣唐使の派遣などにより、中国の文化が日本に次々と流入するようになる。
- Since the seventh century, Japanese envoys to the Chinese Sui and Tang Dynasties were sent, and as a result, Chinese culture was introduced to Japan on a larger scale.
- しかし人工孵化と孵化直後養殖技術はいまだ莫大な費用がかかり成功率も低いため研究中である。
- However, artificial incubation and aqua farming technologies immediately after hatching are still extremely costly and the success rate is low, and they are still being researched.
- だが、体はまだ透明で、しかも大顎や消化管が一時的に退化し、餌をとらないという特徴がある。
- However, their body is transparent, and their jaws and digestive tracts temporarily undergo regression and they do not feed.
- 「毛」には通常は文字どおり毛 (動物)(まれに化学繊維)が使われ、毛筆(もうひつ)という。
- As the character '毛' literally means the hairs of an animal and is used in the word for 'brush,' a coat (animal) (in rare cases, chemical fibers) is usually used.; and the letters for fude are called Mohitsu (literally, a brush made of coat).
- それらの文化を内包した経緯もあり、また蝦夷や夷といった民族とも比較的新しい時代に交わった。
- Cultures from these ethnic groups were incorporated, and exchanges with ethnic groups such as Emishi and Ebisu took place in relatively early years.
- 1935年にアメリカ合衆国のデュポン社が、ナイロンという化学繊維を合成することに成功した。
- In 1935, DuPont in USA succeeded in synthesizing a fiber called Nylon.
- 膠は動物性蛋白質であるため低温下では粘性が増しゲル化・ゼリー状になり、書作に適さなくなる。
- Because the animal glue is animal protein, it becomes more viscous and turns into a gel at low temperatures, which is not appropriate for calligraphic work.
- 不安定な状態を経由せず、二つの異なる物事が合致してしまう安定化の作用によって笑いが起きる。
- This pattern skips the state of instability, and as two different things happen to coincide, it brings a sense of stability to the audience and makes them laugh.
- 地方によっては専門家が化粧する場合があり、その場合は非常に洗練された美しい仕上がりになる。
- In some regions, experts sometimes help them wear makeup, and in those cases the final conditions can be very sophisticated and beautiful.
- 屋外では浮いた感じになる厚化粧も、屋内の、蝋燭の明かり程度の明るさでは調和する場合が多い。
- While this kind of atsugesho does not look very good outdoors, it often harmonizes with the level of light created by candles indoors.
- 近年の沖縄県では、首里城復元などを機に、琉球王国の宮廷文化を再評価する機運が高まっている。
- In recent years in Okinawa Prefecture, events such as the restoration of Shuri-jo Castle have presented greater opportunities to reassess Ryukyu kingdom court culture.
- 利休の活躍した天正年間には、進取の気風のある堺市を中心に道具の価値観が大きく変化している。
- During the Tensho era (1573 - 91) when Rikyu played an active role, senses of values greatly changed regarding tea utensils mainly in Sakai City that was full of enterprising individuals.
- 鍋や銚子を直火にかけて燗をつけていたが、文化年間には、銅製または錫製のチロリで燗をつけた。
- They used to warm sake with a pan or sake decanter over direct heat, but in the Bunka era, copper or tin made chirori (a metal container for heating sake) was used.
- 食肉、食用油、乳製品の消費が急増し、料理と合わせる酒も、日本酒から洋酒へと変化していった。
- The amount of consumption of meat, food oil and milk products rapidly increased and the liquor coordinated with meal also changed from sake to foreign liquors.
- 落語筆記や寄席の近代化、新作落語など、落語の近代化に尽くしたため、中興の祖として仰がれる。
- He was respected as the father of the restoration since he devoted himself to modernization of rakugo such as rakugo hikki (taking notes of comic storytelling), modernization of the yose and new and original rakugo stories.
- 飛鳥時代の孝徳天皇による大化がその始まりであり、以来15世紀に渡って使われ続けてきている。
- It started with gengo 'Taika' in the reign of Emperor Kotoku in the Asuka period and has been used for fifteen centuries.
- カレーライス - インド料理のカレーがイギリス経由で日本に来たものが日本独自の進化をした。
- Curry and rice: The originally Indian curry that was brought to Japan via England, but had been transformed into a Japan-specific dish
- 窯 - ガラスや焼物などを作るのに使う、中に入れた物を高温によって溶解・化学変化させる設備。
- 窯 kama – an equipment which melts materials and produces a chemical change by heat to make glass and pottery.
- このように文化が近く中華文明が起源である漢字を使用する両国でも、妖怪のその意味合いが異なる。
- As it can be seen, even though these two countries are culturally close and they both use Chinese characters that have their origin in Chinese civilization, the meaning of yokai differs.
- 具にかかる汁、タレをご飯が吸収し、ご飯自体の味わいが変化することも、丼物の魅力の一つである。
- It is also an attractive feature of Donburimono that the soup or sauce for the side dish is absorbed by the cooked rice, thus changing the taste of the cooked rice.
- 猿楽の持っていた物まね・道化的な要素を発展させたものであり、せりふも含め写実的表現が目立つ。
- In addition, Kyogen performances including lines contain lots of realistic expressions, because Kyogen was derived from Sarugaku by sophisticating its comical and mimic elements.
- 神霊が降臨しやすいとされた少年少女に、神霊の理想的な姿に近づけるために厚化粧する場合が多い。
- Chigo (children of a festival) are the boys and girls onto whom divine spirits are believed to descend to, and in order to achieve images of the divine spirits they often put on atsugesho.
- 戦後、日本画の掛軸離れが著しくなていったことと、生活の洋風化により「床の間」離れが目立った。
- After the war, 'tokonoma' became less popular, since people remarkably started to lose interest in kakejiku of 'Nihon ga' (Japanese paintings), and the westernization of people's lifestyle,
- 「関東煮」は昆布・鯨・牛すじなどで出汁をとったり、薄口醤油を用いたりと独自に変化していった。
- Kanto daki' (関東煮) has changed independently of other forms of Oden, such that the soup stock used for 'Kanto daki' is now extracted from konbu (a kind of kelp used to make Japanese soup stock), whale, or cow line meat, and light-colored soy sauce is now used.
- 現在では約70流派が活動を続けているが、高齢化が進み、後輩の育成に各流派ともに尽力している。
- At present, about 70 schools are making their activities, and they are making every effort to train the younger generation, because most members of the schools are aging.
- 文化 (元号)・文政頃に活躍した地歌三味線の名手で、手事物京流手事物の名曲をいくつか残した。
- He was an active virtuoso of jiuta-shamisen during the Bunka and Bunsei eras and composed some good songs of Kyoto-style tegotomono (a form of Japanese chamber music).
- 文化12年(1815年)、千住宿に住む中屋六衛門の六十歳の誕生日を祝う競飲会として催された。
- It was held in 1815 as a sake contest to celebrate the 60th birthday of Rokuemon NAKAYA (中屋六衛門) who lived at Senju-juku Station.
- 孵化した幼生はフィロソーマ幼生(Phyllosoma)、または葉状幼生と呼ばれる形態である。
- The hatched larvae are called Phyllosoma and they are shaped like a leaf.
- 太平洋戦争時は戦地への慰問や落語家の高齢化に伴い寄席も一日4時間ほどしか開演していなかった。
- During the Pacific War, rakugo theaters were open only four hours a day, partly because many storytellers entertained the soldiers at the front, and partly because they were advanced in years.
- CS放送「歌舞伎チャンネル」を運営する伝統文化放送では、歌舞伎役者で唯一取締役に就任している。
- He is an only Kabuki actor appointed as a board member of Traditional Culture Broadcasting that manages 'Kabuki Channel' of CS broadcasting.
- 浴衣の多様化によって、かつては一目瞭然であった浴衣以外の着物との境界は極めて曖昧になっている。
- The diversification of yukata has made the boundary between yukata and other clothing less distinct.
- また、ユーザーの高齢化が進行しており、若い男性や女性層の取り込みが引き続いて課題となっている。
- In addition, as canned coffee consumers are aging, it continues to be an issue to capture the young male and female customers.
- それを補うものとして、化学的に合成された合成樹脂(接着剤と同様な成分)が用いられることもある。
- Chemically synthesized resin (whose ingredients are similar to those of adhesives) may be used in order to make up for it.
- 京都賞(きょうとしょう)とは、科学や技術、文化において著しい貢献をした人々に与えられる国際賞。
- The Kyoto Prize is the international award given to the people who made great contribution to science, technology and culture.
- 日本の祭囃子に用いられる6孔の篠笛の中には、明笛あるいは清笛が簡素化したと思われるものもある。
- Some shinobue with six tone holes that are used for Japanese matsuri-bayashi are thought to be simplified of minteki or shinteki.
- 歌舞伎舞踊を素踊り、又は半素で、鬘を被らず、地毛で結う場合も、このような化粧になる場合が多い。
- Additionally, this style of makeup is often used when Kabuki Buyo is performed as a suodori (dancing without a costume or hairpiece) or as a hansu (semi-suodori) when natural hair is arranged without a wig.
- 日本の茶道は室町時代の「書院の茶」から「侘び・寂び」を重んじる「草庵の茶」へと変化していった。
- During the Muromachi Period (1333-1573), Japanese Sado changed from 'tea at the Shoin (reception room)' to 'tea at the Soan (thatched hut)' with an emphasis on 'wabi' (taste for the simple and quiet) and 'sabi' (quiet simplicity).
- 琉球王国には中国から帰化した人々の子孫が集住する地域があり、彼らは「久米三十六姓」と呼ばれた。
- In the Ryukyu kingdom there were regions where the descendents of naturalized Chinese settled together, becoming known as the 'Thirty Six Families of Kume'.
- 帯揚げが商品化されたのは更に時代が下がり、新聞広告などから見て明治40年頃であったと思われる。
- Commercialization of obiage was even later in history, probably around 1907 as can be speculated from newspaper advertisement and the like.
- また「ふき」を特に厚く仕立てることで、強化遠近法の応用で実際よりも身長を高く見せる効果もある。
- Besides, making 'fuki' extremely thick will bring about an effect that it makes the wearer look taller than she really is by applying the enhanced perspective method.
- 明治時代中期、伝来の文化遺産の復古が叫ばれ、多田親愛・大口周魚を中心に上代様の復古が盛行した。
- In the mid Meiji period, the restoration of the traditional cultural heritage was encouraged and that of Jodaiyo became active, centered around Shinai TADA and Shugyo OGUCHI.
- 本項では、日本での食事における一般的な作法を紹介するが、これは場所や状況によって多少変化する。
- This section is to introduce commonly accepted manners of dining in Japan, which, however, may vary in some degree depending on places and situations.
- しかし、食生活の欧米化や飽食が問題視されるようになった近年はむしろ良い意味の言葉とされている。
- However, it has acquired a rather positive meaning with the westernization of dietary habits and food satiation are becoming a problem in recent years.
- わび茶がもともと持っていた方向性とは幾分異なるのだが、客に応じた変化が必要になる場合があった。
- Although the policy is a little different from the one wabicha (wabi style of tea ceremony) used to have, there were cases in which some adjustments had to be made according to the guest.
- 平安朝においては、薄暗い室内で目立たせるために、顔全体を白粉で塗りつぶす化粧法が主流となった。
- In the Heian court, painting over a face with white makeup powder became a popular makeup technique so that the face could attract attention even in a dim room.
- 文明開化を謳ったこの時代にあっても、日本人は座布団の上に「坐る」方が居心地が良かったのである。
- Although civilization and enlightenment was encouraged in that period, the Japanese preferred 'sitting' on a zabuton to sitting on a chair.
- ハヤシライス - ハッシュドビーフまたはビーフストロガノフとご飯との組合せが更に変化したもの。
- Hayashi-raisu (hashed rice): Hashed beef or beef stroganoff and gohan were combined, and have been transformed further.
- Hashed rice originates from a combination of hashed beef or beef stroganoff with rice.
- シソ油には抗酸化作用のあるα-リノレン酸を多く含むため最近では健康食品としても注目されている。
- Shiso oil contains rich a-linolenic acid, which provides an anti-oxidant action and is being remarked as a healthy food these days.
- 日本人が寿司文化を世界に広めたために、今度は寿司ネタが世界市場で高騰すると言う現象が起きている。
- Due to spread of sushi culture worldwide by Japanese people, another phenomenon that prices of ingredients for sushi rise suddenly occurs.
- ヘヴィメタルやヴィジュアル系のアーティストは観客にインパクトを与えるために厚化粧する場合が多い。
- Heavy Metal or visual artists often wear atsugesho in order to make an impact on their audiences.
- 若い女性が休日に公園等でコスプレやゴスロリファッションを着用するときにも厚化粧になる場合が多い。
- When young women get dressed up in Kosupure (cosplay; costume play to transform oneself into a favorite character) or Gosurori (Gothic Lolita) fashions in parks and on holidayds they often wear atsugesho.
- 現在では儀礼が簡略化され、中日の挨拶などは略されることが多いが、初日と千秋楽は重要視されている。
- Although these formalities especially nakabi's compliment have been simplified these days, importance is still placed on shonichi and senshuraku.
- 鎌倉時代以降の服飾の簡略化に伴い一時期衰退していたが、明治時代になって皇族の装束として復活した。
- Wearing of uchiki and kouchigi temporarily declined with the simplification of dress after the Kamakura period, but they were revived as clothing for the royal family during the Meiji period.
- 作法などに自信のないときは、あらかじめ日本の食事文化や作法は勉強中であることを断っておくといい。
- Therefore, when you are not confident in those Japanese manners, it is advisable for you to declare in advance that you are just in the process of studying Japanese dietary culture and manners.
- 原材料が変化しても呼称だけは残り、葛籠という字があてられたまま「つづら」と呼ばれるに至っている。
- Even after its materials were changed, they have kept using the name, 'Tsuzura,' and still use the Chinese character, 葛籠, even today.
- 明治時代後期(日清戦争以後)から大正時代にかけては、酒造りにおいて急速な近代化の時代を形成する。
- From the latter part of the Meiji period (after the Sino-Japanese War) and the Taisho period, sake brewing had been rapidly modernized.
- 経文は、一行17字、一頁12行(見開き24行)に定型化された書式に漢字で放射状に墨書されている。
- The Sutras were written with black ink, in Chinese characters arranged in a radial fashion in the fixed form of 12 lines per page (24 lines on two adjacent pages), with each line composed of 17 characters.
- 富裕な階層を相手にした高級料亭から、蕎麦や丼物といった庶民の味まで、さまざまな食文化が生まれた。
- Various eating cultures, ranging from high-class restaurants for rich people to dishes for common people, such as soba and donburi-mono (rice bowl dishes), were generated.
- 蕎麦とうどんの抗争を酒呑童子退治になぞらえた安永期の珍品黄表紙『化物大江山』(恋川春町作)がある。
- 'Bakemono Oeyama' (written by Harumachi KOIKAWA), the collector's item kibyoshi (an illustrated book of popular fiction having a yellow cover) from the Anei era is a story comparing a feud between soba and udon and the extermination of Shuten Doji (the leader of a group of bandits in the Kyoto area).
- 種類も増え、大きかった握りもしだいに小さくなり、現代の握り寿司と近い形へ変化しはじめた時代である。
- It was also the time when the number of kinds increased, nigiri (a rice ball) which used to be big was downsized, and a transformation to a form similar to present-day Nigiri-zushi started.
- しかし、戦後化繊の流入により綿/ポリエステル混紡生地やナイロン糸トリコット足袋などが発生してきた。
- However, corresponding to the introduction of synthetic fibers after the war, clothes with cotton and polyester blend have become to be used for making tabi, and tabi made of tricot, cloth using nylon fibers, have also appeared.
- その鐙が妖怪と化し、飼い主を待つ犬のように、帰るはずのない主をいつまでも待ち続けているのだという。
- The abumi turned into a specter, and is waiting in vain for its owner as a dog waits for its owner.
- 鎌倉時代以降、世尊寺流を中心に数多くの書流が形成されるが、その書流化により和様が形式化されていく。
- After the Kamakura period, many calligraphy schools were formed centered around the Sesonji School, and the Japanese style began to be formalized with it.
- 竹原正文は昭和36年に武田流(細川流)騎射流鏑馬の技術保持者として熊本県無形文化財の指定を受けた。
- In 1961, Masafumi TAKEHARA was designated an intangible cultural property of Kumamoto Prefecture as a holder of Takeda-ryu (Hosokawa-ryu) Kisya-ryu Yabusame technique.
- この炭化米からは、人間の指によって握られた痕跡が残されており、当初最古のおにぎりとして報道された。
- Initially it is reported as the oldest onigiri because the trail of pressing by human fingers were remained in this carbonized rice.
- とくに石村検校は三味線の改良、芸術音楽化、地歌の成立に大きく関わった盲人音楽家であろうと言われる。
- It is said that Kengyo (the highest title of the official ranks within the Todo-za) ISHIMURA, among blind musicians, were the most involved in the improvement of shamisen, its development to art music, and the creation of jiuta.
- 卵から2~3日で孵化した仔魚はレプトケファルス(葉形幼生、Leptocephalus)と呼ばれる。
- The larval fish that hatch from eggs in two to three days are called leptocephali.
- しかし明治の文明開化で日本も洋化し、その後に最初の即位式を挙げた大正天皇は西洋式に倣い右に立った。
- With the introduction of the civilization and enlightenment during the Meiji period, Japan became westernized, and the first emperor to hold the enthronement ceremony thereafter, Emperor Taisho stood on the right side, following the western style.
- 母の化身した鵺は天皇を病気にさせた上、自身を息子・頼政に退治させることで手柄を上げさせたのである。
- The Nue, the reincarnation of his mother, made the Emperor ill, and furthermore, had her son kill herself to make him perform a feat.
- 腰がないといわれる(とりわけ、讃岐うどんと比較して)のは、このような文化的な背景があるためである。
- Noodles in the Kansai region are often criticized for inelasticity (especially, it is conspicuously compared with Sanuki Udon), but they have the above-mentioned cultural background.
- 毒蛇や害虫を食べる孔雀を神格化した四臂の菩薩相をとる明王が華麗な彩色と繊細な截金文様で描かれている
- A four-armed Myoo with Bosatsuso (the expression of compassion found on Buddhist images), a deified version of peacocks that eat poisonous snakes and harmful insects, are depicted in magnificent colors and in sensitive kirikane patterns.
- 荒事や繻子奴、等、勇猛な男性の役では伊達下がりと呼ばれる廻し化粧廻しに似た豪華で重厚な下がりになる。
- A player of the role of a dauntless man such as aragoto (a Kabuki player featuring exaggerated gruffness of samurai etc.) and shusu-yakko (a man who is good at fighting and a favorite with women but basically faithful and serious) wears a gorgeous and massive sagari loincloth called 'Date-sagari' which looks like kesho-mawashi (a sumo wrestler's ceremonial apron).
- 阿波踊りやよさこい祭りなどの踊り子も、華やかな衣装に合わせて、華やかな感じの厚化粧をする場合が多い。
- The dancers of Awa Odori (Awa Dancing Festival) and Yosakoi Matsuri (Yosakoi Festival) also generally wear atsugesho to harmonize with the beauty of their costumes.
- 先の問題点を克服する一つの方法として、ガイド組織をボランティアからNPO法人化することが考えられる。
- One way that the above problems can be overcome is by guide organizations becoming non-profit organizations.
- 本来の飯笥とはしゃもじのことだが、妖怪の飯笥とはこの飯笥が古くなって妖怪に変化したもののことである。
- Originally Mishige meant a rice paddle, which got old and changed to a Yokai (specter) called a Mishige.
- 尾やひれなど、焦げ易い部分には厚めに塩をまぶし(これを「飾り塩」ないし「化粧塩」と言う)焦げを防ぐ。
- Additional salt is sprinkled on easily-burnable portions such as a tail and a fin of the fish to keep them from burning, which is called 'kazarijio' or 'keshojio' ('kazari,' 'kesho' and 'jio' mean 'ornament,' 'makeup' and 'salt,' respectively).
- 道教の宋 (南朝)の道士または、道教の神で南極星の化身の老子である寿老人の別名または同一神とされる。
- It is supposed to be a Taoist of Taoism in Song (Southern Dynasty), or another name or the same deity of Jurojin, which is Lao-tzu, a deity of Taoism and the incarnation of the southern polar stars.
- 日本では江戸時代初期に翻刻された『飛鴻堂印譜』に感化を受けた書家や文人によって遊印が作成され始めた。
- In Japan, yuin came to be made by the calligraphers and men of literature influenced by 'Hikodo inpu' reprinted in early Edo period.
- これによって地方においても酒の大量生産が可能になり、さらに地酒文化を花開かせることにつながっていく。
- This made the mass production of sake possible in local regions, which led to the further prosperity of jizake culture.
- これは、一曲の中で声楽と器楽の両方を楽しむことができ、また曲に変化を持たせやすいからでもあるだろう。
- This is because audiences could enjoy both vocal parts and instrumental parts in one work and the works could be easily changed.
- そして、東京が首都になったため関東の文化が、全国に伝播していったことから来ている差異だと考えられる。
- And, since Tokyo became the capital of Japan, the Kanto culture spread all over Japan, leading to the different name (for a pork cutlet sandwich.)
- 枕草子絵詞(まくらのそうしえことば)は、『枕草子』の日記章段の印象的な場面を抽出して絵画化した絵巻。
- 'Makura no Soshi Ekotoba' refers to the picture scrolls on which impressive scenes selected from the passages in the diary of 'Makura no Soshi' (The Pillow Book) were depicted.
- しかし、テムズ川産ウナギが希少化し、より安価な牛肉を用いたミート・パイで代用されるようになっている。
- However, eels became scarce in the River Thames, and meat pie made with cheaper beef is eaten instead.
- 歴史的にうどん食文化があった(江戸時代中頃より館林藩の名物として将軍家に献上されたとの記録がある)。
- Furthermore, the region has historically enjoyed the eating culture of Udon noodles (its on record that Udon noodles had been presented to the Shogun family as a specialty of Tatebayashi Domain since the middle of the Edo period).
- 太陽が放つ光を図案化したもので、細長い二等辺三角形の截箔を細い部分を中心に向けながら円状に施した文様
- A pattern that depicts the light emitted from the sun, placing pieces of gold leaf, each with the shape of a narrow angle isosceles triangle, circularly with the narrow part placed towards the center of the circle.
- 装飾経としてよりむしろ、扇面画や大和絵としての文化史的ないし資料的価値が高いと評されるゆえんである。
- For this reason they are appreciated more for their historical and informational value as Senmen-ga (illustrated fans) or Yamato-e than as decorative sutras.
- 日中の栄養(特にカロリー)補給の意味合いからか、甘いもの(糖質)や炭水化物が主体となる傾向も見られる。
- There is a tendency to eat mainly sweets including sugars and snacks including carbohydrates as between-meals refreshments so as to get nutrition, especially calories, in the daytime.
- したがって、社会そのものが近代化してしまったことが、妖怪という日本の古典文化の継承に影を落としている。
- Therefore, modernization of the society itself is having a negative effect on the survival of yokai as classical Japanese culture.
- 水瓶が歳月を経た末に魂を持った付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)で、水を自在に操る能力を持つとの解釈もある。
- There is also an interpretation that an earthenware pot had become a Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things) with soul as the years passed by, and have come to acquire power to manipulate water as it wished.
- 「如意仏具」とは僧侶の持つ孫の手のような仏具のことで、その如意が変化して生まれたのがこの妖怪とされる。
- Nyoi-butsugu' is a Buddhist altar article which looks like a magonote (backscratcher) and Nyoijizai specter was created by changing the Nyoi.
- 石帯の硬化は近世に入ってからのようで、室町時代の阿須賀神社神宝の石帯は丸めて保存できるほどやわらかい。
- It is thought that sekitai were made to be stiff only in modern times because the sekitai that is a secret treasure of Asuka-jinja Shrine is so soft that it can be rolled for storage.
- 室町時代に至り、立太子が中絶し、皇位継承者は親王のままで即位することが一般化すると、黄丹袍は中絶した。
- The use of oni no ho was suspended in the Muromachi period when the investiture ceremony of the Crown Prince was suspended and the heir to the Imperial Throne ascended the throne from the status of imperial prince.
- 延宝七年(1679年)には長崎奉行に許されて日本に帰化し、福建の出身地から鉅鹿(おおが)姓を名乗った。
- In 1679, he became naturalized in Japan through the permission of the Nagasaki bugyo (Nagasaki magistrate) and took the name Oga after his birthplace in Fujian Province.
- 戦後になり色衿が若干復活するも、高度経済成長期の和服の脱・普段着化に伴い、ほとんど白衿一辺倒となった。
- Iroeri revived to a certain extent after the war, but shiroeri gradually became dominant because wafuku got less popular as everyday clothes in the high economic growth period.
- 10世紀から12世紀までの国風文化と院政期文化の時代には、日本人好みの文化「和様」が洗練されていった。
- In the period from the 10th to 12th century, the period of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) and Insei period culture, 'Japanese style,' the culture suited to Japanese tastes was sophisticatedly developed.
- そのために『至花道』などで理論化された「二曲三体」の習道を行うよう、過去の著作を引用しつつ説いている。
- So, it says at the first part of the book that 'Nikyoku Santai (Two performances; songs and dance, and three roles; senior men, women, and warriors) should be practiced, using the quotation from the books in the past.
- しかしながら、室町時代から江戸時代にかけては次第に形式化し、また金箔に代わり金泥による文様も普及した。
- However, from the Muromachi period to the Edo period, the patterns became fixed gradually, and in addition, patterns using kindei (gold paint), instead of kirikane, had become used widely.
- いっぽう同じリュート属でも琵琶やリュートなど棹と胴が一体化もしくはそれに近いものとは別の系統とされる。
- On the other hand, instruments with the neck and the body united in a single body or something close to it, like biwa (Japanese lute) or lute, are considered to be of a different type, even within the same lute family.
- 冷し中華-ラーメンからさらに日本独特の冷やして食べるといった調理法で派生し、日本独自の進化をしている。
- Hiyashi-chuka (cold Chinese noodles): This Chinese-noodles-based food has further developed uniquely in Japan from ramen, so as to be cooled for eating.
- 奥村彪生によれば、うどんは中国から渡来した切り麦(今の冷や麦)が日本で独自に進化したものであるという。
- Ayao OKUMURA said that Udon noodles are the Japanese original noodles evolved from Kirimugi (today's Hiyamugi) introduced from China.
- その流れは16世紀の戦国時代に広く地方へと普及していき、やがて国民文化として発展していくこととなった。
- This trend spread widely to local regions in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the sixteenth century, resulting in the creation of a national culture.
- 『関戸本古今集』系統は、『高野切』の書風より抑揚、強弱、軽重等の変化、そして自由さを増した書風である。
- The 'Sekidobon kokinshu' lineage, in comparison to those of the 'Koya-gire,' has more variations in inflection, strongness and weakness, and lightness and heaviness, and freedom.
- 戦後、上方落語協会の部外秘の内規として復活したが、昭和40年代の上方落語ブームによって有名無実化した。
- After the War, however, it was secretly revived within the Kamigata Rakugo Association though it became symbolic due to the Kamigata rakugo fad in the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s.
- 近年では和服を着る唯一の機会が浴衣ということも多くなり、華やかな色合いと柄のものなど多様化してきている。
- But in recent years they have diversified into various gorgeous colors and designs because, in many cases, yukata offers the only chance to wear traditional Japanese clothing.
- 国際文化会館は井上邸跡地であり、井上邸での天覧歌舞伎から120年目にあたることから催されたものであった。
- The International House of Japan is located at the site where Inoue's residence once stood, and the event commemorated the 120th anniversary of the Kabuki attended by the Meiji Emperor, held at Inoue's residence.
- 時代が下るとともに酒や酒粕、糀を使用したりと、寿司の発酵を早めるため様々な方法が用いられ即製化に向かう。
- With the passage of time, various methods were used to accelerate the fermentation of sushi like using sake, sake lees, or koji.
- また現在の日本文化として妖怪が、英語圏で紹介されるときの訳は「monster」:怪物とされることも多い。
- When yokai in modern Japanese culture is introduced to English-speaking countries, the translation 'monster' is often used.
- その場合は、舞楽面を着けずに桜の挿頭花を挿した前天冠を着け、歌舞伎舞踊と同様の舞台化粧をする場合がある。
- In that case, the dancer put a maetengan (a charm of the front of cap) with a cherry kazashi (snapped branch of cherry flower or tree put in the hair or the cap) instead of bugaku mask, and wears similar stage makeup as Kabuki Buyo (Dance of Kabuki [traditional drama performed by male actors]).
- 東アジアの漢字文化圏の諸国では、日本も朝鮮もベトナムも、それぞれ中国伝来の宮廷音楽を「雅楽」としていた。
- The East Asian countries that use Chinese characters, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, each had 'Gagaku' court music imported from China.
- 「和漢三才図絵」「山城名勝志」などによれば、江文神社の祭神は天三降霊命化神、内裏三十番神のひとつとある。
- According to 'Wakan sansai zue' (an encyclopedia compiled in the Edo period) or 'Yamashiro Meisho Shi (Annals of Yamashiro's picturesque sites), the enshrined deity of Efumi-jinja Shrine is Amenomikudaritama no mikoto, one of the Sanjubanshin (30 guardian deities) in the Imperial Court.
- ところが平和な時代が長期に渡り、また華美を競う風潮と相まって女性の帯は時代が下がるごとに長大化が進んだ。
- However, while the peaceful era lasted for a long time, the obi for females became longer and wider as the time went by along with the trend to compete in splendor.
- 明治維新後、武士の身分が廃止され、いわゆる文明開化の中で武術は時代遅れと断ぜられ一時期衰退しようとした。
- After the Meiji Restoration, when the social status of samurai was abolished and the society entered so-called civilization and enlightenment, bujutsu was judged to be out of date and was likely to decline at one time
- その結果、浪人が増え社会問題化し、島原の乱・慶安事件(由井正雪)といった大規模な事件(一揆)が発生する。
- As a result, increased ronin (masterless samurai) emerged as a social issue and major events (uprisings)such as Shimabara War and Keian Incident (Shosetsu YUI).
- この後千利休好みとされる棗が利休系統の茶人の間で用いられるようになり、江戸時代には薄茶器として一般化する。
- After that, the natsume of SEN no Rikyu style was started to be used among chajin of Rikyu school, and it became popular as a tea utensil in the Edo Period.
- 演劇改良会の主張は急進的であり、受け入れられない面もあったが、歌舞伎の近代化に向けて大きな影響を及ぼした。
- Engeki Kairyo Kari embraced radical ideas, and some of their proposals were disapproved, but it exerted a strong influence on the modernization of Kabuki.
- ジェロの活躍ぶりに感化され、かつてインド人演歌歌手として活躍していたチャダも再来日し、音楽活動を再開した。
- Chadha who was once an Indian enka singer came to Japan again to resume his music career, inspired by JERO's success.
- 江戸時代になると一層簡略化され、肩衣(かたぎぬ)と袴(はかま)とを組み合わせた裃(かみしも)が用いられた。
- During the Edo period, the clothes were further simplified and 'Kamishimo' that is the combination of a sleeveless jacket called 'Kataginu' and trousers called 'Hakama' appeared.
- 役柄にもよるが、時代劇より、更に写実的な感じ、しかし、舞台の場合は全般的にやはりかなり厚化粧の感じになる。
- The makeup used in contemporary dramas varies depending on the role, and although it looks far more realistic than what is used in Jidaigeki, a consirable amount of atsugesho is generally applied when performances are on a stage.
- 京指物は平安時代の貴族文化の中で発展し、朝廷や公家が主に用いていたことから優雅かつ精緻な細工を特徴とする。
- Since Kyo-sashimono was developed in the noble culture of the Heian period and its products were mainly used at the Imperial Court and by court nobles, graceful and fine workmanship constitutes a characteristic feature of this.
- またこのような禁制が発せられればされるほど、酒を飲む庶民や文化人の間では他所酒への人気と需要は高くなった。
- Furthermore, the more this kind of prohibition was issued, the more popularity and demand for yosozake rised among the common people and cultural figures.
- 日本で古くに開発され、文化圏は日本に留まるが、日本国外でも茶の湯は行なわれており、世界中で使用されている。
- Chagama was developed in Japan long ago and its cultural region remains in Japan but it is used throughout the world as Chanoyu (the tea ceremony) is also practiced outside Japan.
- 日本酒の歴史明治時代後期に政府が醸造業の近代化を図ると、杜氏集団もそれに見合うように組織を改編していった。
- Once the government made a plan to modernize the brewing industry in the Meiji period, toji groups also began to reorganize their structure so that it would be suited to the government's policy.
- 701年には大宝律令によってそれがさらに体系化され、朝廷による朝廷のための酒の醸造体制が整えられていった。
- In 701, it was further systematized by the Taiho Code, which led to the establishment of a brewing system for the Imperial Court, by the Imperial Court.
- 飲料の低アルコール化という現象の延長線上には、ノン・アルコール化もしくはアルコール離れといった現象がある。
- The phenomenon of low-alcohol drinks led to the phenomenon of non-alcohol or an avoidance of alcohol.
- 今では一般的な料理として通用しているが、コチュジャンやニンニクを添えたりするなどの独自の変化を遂げている。
- It is generally served as daily food, but gochujang or garlic are also added to create new flavors.
- 自然現象・植物・動物・日用品などを図案化し、規則正しく幾何学的に繰り返すことによって文様を表すことが多い。
- Most of these patterns are a regular geometric repetition of a design of a natural phenomenon, plant, animal or daily necessity.
- 日本は韓国・ベトナム料理・カンボジア料理・タイ料理などと並んで歴史的に中国の食文化の影響を受けた国である。
- Along with Korean, Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai cuisine, Japanese cuisine was also historically affected by Chinese food culture.
- これが日本文化として定着し、現在でも、入学式・卒業式などで、袴を正装の一部として好んで着用する女学生がいる。
- This style took hold in Japanese culture, and the style is still popular among female students as a formal dress to attend entrance and graduation ceremonies.
- 検証の結果、これが持統天皇3年(689年)三月・四月のものであることが分かったと奈良文化財研究所が発表した。
- Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties announced that inspection showed that it was a calendar of March and April of the year 689.
- 人間の生活で使用する道具には、年月を経て古くなると変化(へんげ)する能力を持つこともあるという考え方がある。
- There is a thought that tools and equipments used in personal daily lives may possibly acquire the capacity to change as they become old during a long period of time.
- この点については、各化粧品メーカーも承知してるようで、自然の肌色、肌の質感に極力近づけるように研究中らしい。
- Every cosmetics manufacturer understands this issue, and are continually researching how to get as close as possible to the natural color and feel of skin.
- 要するに本書には、「わび茶」と「書院の茶」という二種類の別個に自立性を持った喫茶文化が並存しているのである。
- In sum, two different, individual tea-drinking cultures coexist together in this book: 'wabicha' and 'tea ceremony in Shoin (traditional style of Japanese residential architecture).'
- 江戸時代中期には盲人音楽家たちにより芸術音楽化が進み、胡弓独自の流派が立てられ、胡弓専門の音楽がつくられた。
- In the middle of the Edo period, the artistic level of music for Kokyu was raised by blind musicians and a school dedicated for Kokyu was established, composing music specialized for Kokyu.
- これが西洋方面に伝播する過程で天使に、東洋方面に伝播する過程で飛天から天女へと変化していったと目されている。
- It is believed that in the process of the idea spreading to the West, they were changed to angels, and in the process of spreading to the East, they changed to hiten and then to tennyo.
- それらの結果、祭を行うことそのものが目的に成り代わっているような、目的から考えると形骸化した状況の祭も多い。
- As a result of those, many matsuri fell into the state of losing substance from the viewpoint of purpose as shown by an example that the holding of matsuri itself became a purpose.
- 引眉(ひきまゆ)とは、奈良時代から江戸時代にかけておこなわれた化粧法で、眉を剃る、または抜くことを意味する。
- Hikimayu is a makeup technique applied from the Nara period to the Edo period, meaning to shave or pull out eyebrows.
- これは孵化後2日目の仔魚を多数採集することに成功し、その遺伝子を調べニホンウナギであることが確認されている。
- They succeeded in collecting many samples of larval fish that were two days old after hatching, and they checked their genes and confirmed them to be Japanese eels.
- Cupはその後更にビュートシェイプ、ピオニーシェイプ、ロンドンシェイプなど様々な形(シェイプ)の変化を生じた。
- Many variations of cups have been created such as the Bute shape, Peony shape, and London shape.
- しかし、希少な缶が高い金銭価値を持っていたとしても、それらが詳しく体系化されるような活動はあまり盛んではない。
- Even if some cans have a scarce value, however, movement for detailed systematization has not been active.
- これは『法華経』の「譬喩品」に登場する言葉であり、当時の茶道が仏教を用いた理論化を目指していた状況を窺わせる。
- This is the word appeared in 'Hiyuhon' (the third chapter) of 'Lotus Sutra,' which suggests the situation that the tea ceremony of that time aimed at theorization using the Buddhism.
- しかし、日本の歴史学の見地から『日本妖怪変化史』を著し、学術的に妖怪を取り上げ、世間に見直させる風潮を作った。
- However, from the viewpoint of Japanese history, he wrote 'Nihon Yokai Henkashi' (history of change of Japanese yokai), treated yokai academically, and created a general atmosphere for the public to take a renewed look at yokai.
- この機能により温度維持に消費されていた電力を削減、製品の劣化スピードが抑制され補充管理にかかる負荷も軽減した。
- This function made it possible to reduce electric power consumed to maintain the temperature and to control the deteriorating speed of products which lightened the burden of reloading management.
- 本来であれば時間をかけて解決するはずの設定を消化しきれず、主人公の動向に含みを持たせた形でフェードアウトする。
- In this case, all plots which were supposed to come up in the course of time cannot be explained, so that the story has to have a vague ending implying the main character's future move.
- 木魚が変化してだるま状になった姿として描かれており、解説文では木魚と同じ仏具の妖怪である払子守の同類とされる。
- It is drawn as daruma-like figure to which a Mokugyo has changed and in the explanation it is described as the same kind as Hossu-mori which is a specter of a Buddhist altar article like Mokugyo.
- 禅釜尚(ぜんふしょう)は、鳥山石燕による『百器徒然袋』にある付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)の一種で、茶釜の妖怪。
- Zenfusho is a type of Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things) and a specter of chagama (iron tea ceremony pot) that is introduced in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (One hundred bags in idleness) by Sekien TORIYAMA.
- 国風文化の発達により、着物の構造自体が大きく変わって袖丈が長くなったために、重要な役割を果たす着物となる。
- As Japanese culture developed, the design of kimono changed greatly, with the sleeves becoming longer and uchiki came to serve an important role.
- 大正、昭和初めまで武術として稽古されていて、いまだ芸能化せず、ほぼ武術の流派そのままで伝わっている流派もある。
- Some of the schools practiced Bo-no-te as actual martial arts through the Taisho period to the beginning of the Showa period; they almost remain as authentic schools of traditional martial arts without taking the form of entertainment.
- 『不動利益縁起絵巻』にも安倍晴明とその使役される式神が5体描かれていて、鶏や角盥や五徳を擬人化したものである。
- ABE no Seimei and five shikigami (deity which performs according to Onmyoshi) are seen in 'Fudo Rieki Engi Emaki,' and these shikigami are the personified chicken, tsuno-daira and gotoku.
- 推古天皇10年(602年)に百済から学僧・観勒が暦本などを携えて来日し、帰化人系の子弟らにこれらを学習させた。
- In 602, Kanroku, a scholar monk, came to Japan from Baekje with calendar books and had the naturalized citizens' descendants study those books.
- 年月を経て日本人は外国文化の要素を吸収し、真似、そして同化して日本独特の美的嗜好を完成させる能力を身につけた。
- After years, Japanese people acquired abilities to absorb, imitate, and assimilate them into foreign cultural elements, and to accomplish Japanese original tastes on arts.
- 日本のシソの香りはペリルアルデヒドという化学成分であるのに対し、アメリカのシソではペリラケトンが主成分である。
- In Japanese shiso, a source of flavor is perillaldehyd, a chemical component while American shiso contains perillaketone as a main component.
- 征夷大将軍足利氏を中心に有力守護をはじめとする上層武士が京都に多く居住し、伝統的な公家文化とさかんに接触した。
- Since many high-ranking warriors including powerful Shugo (military governor), especially Seii Taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) Ashikaga clan, lived in Kyoto, they frequently came in touch with the traditional culture of court nobles.
- 貴族の表情は類型化された引目鈎鼻であるが、雑仕や婢女らの姿は市井の風俗もまじえて、生き生きと描き出されている。
- While nobles' faces are expressed with the typical 'Hikime Kagibana' style (dashes for eyes, hooks for noses), servants and the everyday life of common people are vividly depicted.
- また、字形の変化も後の爛熟期の古書に比べて乏しいが、線に、そして連綿線にこめられた厳しさ、緊張感は抜群である。
- Furthermore, variations in character shape are poorer than in the ancient calligraphy of the mature period, but the lines are full of intensity and tension.
- 食事に際して調理するのではなく、作り置きの常備菜的なものを指すことが多く、商品化された市販品の種類も豊富である。
- It is not cooked just before eating as it is normally in the pre-cooked form and there are various kinds of commercialized products already on the market.
- モダンダンス、ジャズダンス、コンテンポラリー・ダンス等の化粧もバレエに似てるが、バレエよりは写実的な感じになる。
- Makeup used in modern dance, jazz dance, contemporary dance, etc. resembles that of the ballet but looks more realistic.
- 妖怪漫画家・水木しげるによれば、逆さにされた柱からは木の葉の妖怪が出現する、もしくは柱自体が妖怪と化すともいう。
- Shigeru MUZUKI, yokai (ghosts, specters, spooks or spirits) cartoonist, suggests that yokai changing itself into leaf come out from the pillar or the pillar itself turns into yokai.
- しかし、明治政府の方針は「更なる洋装化」であり、次第に皇后への拝謁など特殊な条件下でしか着用されなくなっていく。
- However, the Meiji government's policy of 'further Westernization of clothing' meant that the costume was gradually worn only at special occasions, such as an audience with the Empress.
- 通常の扇子を二つに割り、全体に紙を巻き、さらに上から皮もしくは紙で化粧貼りをした上で、要のあたりに持手をつける。
- Hari-ogi is made through the processes of dividing a normal fan into two parts, wrapping the whole fan in paper, then sticking leather or paper on the wrapped fan, and finally attaching a handle to somewhere on the kaname (pivot).
- 中でも大崎八幡宮のものは20万人以上が訪れるというもっとも盛大なもので、仙台市の無形民俗文化財に指定されている。
- Among them, Sagicho in Osaki Hachimangu Shrine is magnificent with over 200,000 visitors and it is designated as Sendai City Important Intangible Folk-Cultural Property.
- 徳川家光の時代の寛永9年に制度化され、寛永10年(1633年)から、幕末の慶応2年(1866年)まで続けられた。
- The system was institutionalized in 1632 during the Iemitsu TOKUGAWA era and it was continued until 1866 at the end of the Edo period.
- 飲用に使われるようになって、官能的に感知される不純物を除去するため、アルコールの蒸留技術はさらに進化していった。
- After it came to be drunk, the distilling technique to remove impurities which were instinctively felt was further developed.
- 長く続いた平和によって経済が発達し、町人文化が興るなかで武術は余暇の楽しみとして都市部や農村地帯で広く行われた。
- As the peace which lasted for a long time developed the economy and produced the townsmen culture, bujutsu was practiced for pleasure in the spare time widely in both the urban and the rural agricultural areas.
- 近年は飲料の多様化、茶など無糖飲料の人気が高まっていることからサイダーの飲料全体に占めるシェアは低下傾向にある。
- These days, because of the variety of beverages and the popularity of sugar-free drinks such as tea, the share of saida in the whole beverage market has decreased.
- 南北朝文化ののち、3代将軍足利義満の時代に北山文化が栄え、ついで8代将軍足利義政の時代に東山文化として成熟した。
- Following the culture of the Northern and Southern Courts, Muromachi culture evolved as Kitayama culture at the time of the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, and matured as Higashiyama culture at the time of the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.
- 時代を経ると次第に束帯へと変化していき、それに伴い、官人の勤務服から儀式の際の式服や正装へと地位の昇格が起きた。
- Over time chofuku gradually changed into sokutai, and with the change, chofuku came to be regarded as more important than before changing its role from the normal working clothes for government officials to the ceremonial dress and formal attire.
- しかし、大衆レベルでの古典文化の喪失、名人の死去、後継者のレベル低下、娯楽の多様化などから、人気が衰えつつある。
- However due to loss of classic culture at the public level, the passing away of famous rakugo storytellers, degrading level of successors, and diversification of entertainment, it is getting less popular.
- ねぎ焼きはお好み焼店やまもとの店主が賄い用としてキャベツの代わりにネギを入れて作っていた物を商品化したものである。
- Negiyaki was commercialized by the owner of an okonomiyaki restaurant 'Yamamoto,' based on makanai ryori (meals which staffs of the restaurant cook for themselves) which the owner had prepared using green onion instead of cabbage.
- 指導者は高齢化の傾向にあったが近年、若手の男性書家がテレビ番組や若者向き雑誌に登場するなど、やや様変わりしてきた。
- The instructors are aging, but they have undergone a great change recently as a young male Shoka appear on TV programs and in magazines for young people.
- 十一代将軍徳川家斉も宝生流を愛好し、その隆盛を受け、1848年(弘化5年)には宝生太夫友干が大規模な勧進能を興行。
- The 11th shogun Ienari TOKUGAWA also loved the performance of the Hosho school, and Tayu-Tomoyuki HOSHO could have a large-scale performance of kanjin-Noh (Noh performances held to raise subscriptions for the construction of shrines or temples) in 1848 because of the prosperity of this school.
- 江戸時代から大正時代にかけて作られたお化けかるたなどに姿が見られるほか、子供向けの妖怪関連の書籍に記述が見られる。
- Besides being illustrated on the game cards produced during the Edo period and Taisho period, they appear in stories in children's books of ghosts.
- 台湾では駅弁や寿司なども含め日本の食文化が広く知られていることもあり、おにぎりに対して下賤なイメージは以前程ない。
- In Taiwan, Japanese food culture including train lunch and sushi is widely known, thereby the image to onigiri is no longer as petty as before.
- また、二年前(1971年)にはウィスキーの貿易自由化が発表され、前年(1972年)にはワインブームが始まっている。
- In addition, two years before (1971), trade liberalization of whisky was announced and in the previous year (1972) a wine boom began.
- つけめん-ラーメンからさらに日本独特の汁と麺を分けて浸して食べるといった調理法で派生し、日本独自の進化をしている。
- Tsuke-men: This food has further developed uniquely in Japan from ramen, so that its noodles and sauce are provided separately and pieces of the noodles are dipped into the sauce before being eaten.
- 日本では、明治時代にイギリス経由で伝わり独自の進化をとげたカレーライスが国民食と呼ばれるほどの人気を獲得している。
- It was introduced to Japan via the United Kingdom during the Meiji period and the dish developed independently into curry and rice, which became so popular as to be called 'a national dish.'
- 北山文化で開花した室町時代の文化は、その芸術性が生活文化のなかにとり込まれ、新しい独自の文化として根づいていった。
- Muromachi culture, which flowered as Kitayama culture, and whose artistic quality was adopted in people's lifestyle, took root as a new original culture.
- そうすると好評を博し、現在では韓国に逆輸出されて「トル(岩)ソ(焼き)ビビンパプ」と呼ばれて現地で定番化している。
- Having been favorable accepted, this dish style has been re-exported to Korea and has firmly been established there as a regular dish called 'dolsot bibimbap.'
- このことで、従来各々の家庭で適当な時間に楽しまれていたおやつの時間が平均化され午後3時になったという憶説も聞かれる。
- For this reason, there is a theory that the time to eat an afternoon snack averaged out to 3 p.m. under the influence of this commercial, although each family had enjoyed it in various periods of time before.
- この時代の印刷・出版技術の発展とともに、出版文化が発達していき、黄表紙などによって盛んに題材として妖怪が用いられた。
- With the development of printing and publishing technology during this period, yokai was frequently used as a theme of picture books.
- 禁止が解除された後も、封建思想を廃棄した時代の変化との齟齬は深まる一方で、多様化する大衆の嗜好から取り残されている。
- Even after the ban was lifted, it became increasingly out of touch with the changing times that had abolished feudalistic ideas, and has left behind the diversified public needs.
- 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱の目的は、日本の国民の衣服を簡素化することと、繊維製品の使用の無駄を省き節約することだった。
- The object of the Outline was to simplify clothing and to avoid useless consumption and to save textile goods.
- 嫉妬のあまり、顔がほとんど蛇と化し、耳は取れ、口は耳まで裂け、舌が覗き、牙も長く、髪もほとんどなくなるとされている。
- It is said that the face almost turned to that of a snake due to excessive jealousy, consequently the ears removed, the mouth stretched from ear to ear, the tongue showing, the fangs are long, and the hair is almost lost.
- またマルチメディア関連の活動にも積極的で、文化庁のCD-ROM、経済産業省のDVD-ROMコンテンツ制作に携わった。
- He was also active in multimedia related work, and was involved in producing the contents of CD-ROMs for the Agency for Cultural Affairs and DVDs for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
- 古神道そのままに自然の具現化としての、龍や蛇や狐などが、その脅威を表すかのように荒々しく描かれているものだけである。
- Only dragons, snakes and foxes, which were the embodiment of nature according to ancient Shinto, were drawn violently in order to show their menace.
- 今日では世俗化も進んでいるが、今なお祭の時は都市化によって人間関係の疎遠になった地域住民の心を一体化する作用がある。
- Although the secularity advances today, the matsuri still has a function of unifying a spirit of local residents whose interpersonal relation becomes poor due to urbanization.
- 地方文化の持つ入り組んだ複雑な体系よりも、「あーだこーだむずかしいこと言わない」平明さばかりが好まれた時代であった。
- It was the days when only the simplicity which was represented by a phrase 'Do not say difficult things' was favored rather than a complicated system of local culture.
- 三味線にあっては、調弦は複数のパターンがあり、ヴァイオリン等と異なり、曲によって、また曲の途中でも調弦を変化させる。
- There are several types of tuning for shamisen and, unlike violin and some other instruments, shamisen is tuned up according to the music, even during the performance.
- また、水深100-150mの範囲で、孵化後2-3日経過したと思われる仔魚(プレレプトケファルス)26匹も採集された。
- In addition, 26 two- to three-day old larval fish (leptocephalus) were also captured at depths ranging from 100 to 150 m.
- 中国渡来の唐紙(からかみ)を用いており、色は白、薄縹、黄丹、薄茶などで、何れも布目が打たれ、文様も変化に富んでいる。
- Karakami (imported Chinese paper) is used and the colors include white, light blue, reddish yellow, and light brown, in all of which grains are put with a wide variety of patterns.
- しかし、他チームから有力選手を獲得して場当たり的にチーム強化を図っていたツケがとうとう2000年になって回ってきた。
- But as the team had attempted to strengthen itself in a haphazard way by getting outstanding players from other teams, in 2000 it fell into the situation where it would have to pay for it after all
- 基本的に、原作がゲームブランドKeyの作品と、原作がライトノベル・漫画である角川書店の作品を交互にアニメ化させている。
- Kyoto Animation animations are essentially alternately adapted from games produced by the game studio Key and light novels and comics published by Kadokawa Group Publishing Co., Ltd.
- 1963年(昭和38年)には史上最年少(46歳)で日本芸術院会員、1968年、重要無形文化財(人間国宝)に認定された。
- He was certified as the youngest (forty-six years old) member of the Japan Art Academy in 1963 and an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1968.
- 当時はソース (調味料)さえかければなんでも洋食と見なされており、庶民の味として浸透し、お好み焼などへ進化していった。
- In those days anything with sauce (or seasoning) added onto it was regarded as Western food, and so it became widespread as commoners' dish, and developed into okonomiyaki.
- 私立大学では、大東文化大学では書道学科、四国大学では書道文化学科を開設するなど、書家や教育者の本格的養成に努めている。
- For private university, Daito Bunka University has established Shodo Department and Shikoku University, Shodo Culture Department, cultivating Shoka and educators on a full scale.
- 使用する際は、水を含ませた化粧用の細い紅筆で少しずつ紅を溶きながら唇に塗り重ねてゆくか、直接指で紅を取ることもあった。
- When using beni, people used a wet thin cosmetic lipbrush to mix it with water little by little and applied the dissolved beni to the lips, or they sometimes directly used their third fingers to apply beni to their lips.
- 新陰流では、革に赤漆を施して表面の劣化を防ぎ、全長を三尺三寸(小太刀一尺七寸五分)と定め、縫い目を以って刃と見立てる。
- For example, the Shinkage-ryu school fixes the length at about 100 cm, or for kodachi (small sword) at about 53 cm, coating the leather sleeve that covers the sword with red lacquer to protect the surface from wear and tear; the seam of the sleeve is used to represent the sword's blade.
- いずれの場合も、漢方薬で消化を助けるとされるサンショウの粉を振りかけて食べる習慣がある(関東で始まった風習とされる)。
- In either case, it is a custom to eat eel kabayaki with powdered sansho, a Chinese medicinal herb that is considered to aid digestion (the custom is considered to have started in Kanto region).
- 実際に前後交替射撃法が実用化するのは燧石式に移行してからであり、燧石式の機能改善もそれに相当の貢献をしたと考えられる。
- In fact, it was not until after the mechanism was shifted to that of flintlock when the shooting method of exchanging between the front and the rear was put into practical use, which, some people think, owed much to the improvement in the functions of the flintlock mechanism.
- いっぽう、商工業の発展や郷村制の成立にともなって、都市の商工業者(町衆)や農民のあいだにも新しい文化がうまれていった。
- Meanwhile, with the development of commerce and industry and the establishment of Gosonsei system (the self-governing system of coalitions of villages), a new style of culture developed among commercial and industrial workers in urban areas (Machishu) as well as peasants.
- これらの特徴を幼童信仰の影響、地面に足をつけないのは神聖視されているため、装飾と化粧は依坐になるための道具と考察した。
- The above characteristics were considered to be the influence of a belief that worships young children, for example, not setting his foot on the ground signified his divinity, and the decoration and make-up were the implements for a yorishiro (a spiritualistic medium).
- 三味線奏者は、戦後の後継者難から、選択無形文化財に指定された林家とみ(2代目林家染丸の妻)の没後滅亡の危機に晒された。
- The shamisen player was on the brink of extinction after the death of Tomi HAYASHIYA (the wife of Somemaru HAYASHIYA II), who was designated as a selected intangible cultural property, as it became difficult to find her successors after the War.
- 鉄板を用いた調理が一般化するのは、戦後の闇市や屋台において廃品の鉄板の上で調理した料理を販売したことに始まると言われる。
- It is said that the cocking with an iron plate has been getting popular since foods cocked with a junk iron plate were served at the black market or at a food stall right after the war.
- 同時にそばの花観賞と手打ちそば食体験を中心として農業と地域の活性化を目的とした「そばの花フェスタ」が毎年開催されている。
- In the meantime, 'Soba no Hana Festa' (the Buckwheat Flower Festa) designed to revitalize agriculture and the region with major attractions including buckwheat flower viewing and hand-made soba workshop has been organized every year.
- 十割蕎麦では、湯を加えて蕎麦粉のデンプンの糊化を促進するか、別途蕎麦粉を糊化させたものをつなぎとして使用する場合もある。
- As the binding agent for Juwari soba, either hot water is added to buckwheat flour to accelerate starch gelatinization or buckwheat flour which has been gelatinized separately is sometimes used.
- 日本では喫茶店ブーム、インスタントコーヒーブームを経て本格的に商品化され、自動販売機の発達とともに飛躍的な成長を遂げた。
- It was commercialized on a full scale in Japan during the coffee shop and instant coffee boom and grew by leaps and bounds with the development of vending machines.
- 如意自在(にょいじざい)は、鳥山石燕による妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある日本の妖怪で、付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)の一種。
- Nyoijizai is a Japanese specter included in a specter art collection book entitled 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' by Sekien TORIYAMA and is a kind of the Tsukumo-gami (a specter changed from a utensil).
- 仁左衛門の芸は、驚くべきことながら七十代の後半から八十代に至って飛躍的に深化し、一躍、名優の列に加えられることになった。
- Surprisingly, the acting of Nizaemon was remarkably sophisticated from his late seventies to his eighties, and suddenly he was added to the list of excellent actors.
- しかし、明治維新以降の文化政策の改変のなかで、1877年の寄席取締規則によって女性の芸人が法的にも認められるようになる。
- However, in and after the movements to change cultural policies in the Meiji Restoration, females became able to work as entertainers legally, based on the regulation for controlling yose (rakugo theatres) established in 1877.
- 大正7年(1918年)、二楽荘山裾の増田太郎右衛門(本山村長)の所有地に甲南学園私立甲南中学校の設立計画が具体化された。
- In 1918, a concrete plan to establish Konan Gakuen Middle School on the land of Tarouemon MASUDA (the Head of Motoyama Village) at the foot of the mountain of Nirakuso was formed.
- 日本人論研究者によれば、日本にこれらの意味を表す言葉があるということは、日本の礼儀や文化への厳格さの一要素だと見ている。
- Researchers on theories of Japanese cultural and racial uniqueness consider that the existence of such wording to express discrepancy between personal feelings and social view is an element of austerity of Japanese people in their courtesy and culture.
- - 子宝や童子などの表現や子孫繁栄や輪廻転生の一環としての具現化や例としては還暦に着る「赤いちゃんちゃんこ」などがある。
- There are expressions such as Kodakara (the treasure that is children) and doji (child), embodiment of fertility, family prosperity and part of Rinne Tensho (all things being in flux through the endless circle of birth, death, and rebirth, the circle of transmigration); for example, 'red chanchanko' (red padded sleeveless kimono jacket, red Japanese vest) worn at the celebration of Kanreki.
- 面金の材質はかつて鉄や洋銀(洋白)が主流であったが、後に面の軽量化の観点からジュラルミンなどの軽合金が広く使われ始めた。
- Iron or German silver (nickel silver) were once used for the primary materials of the mengane, but light alloy such as duralumin has been started to be used from the point of view of lighter weight.
- 正月(しょうがつ)とは、各暦の年の始めの数日間のことで、文化的には昨年が無事に終わったことと、新しい年を祝う行事である。
- Shogatsu refers to the first several days of a calendar year and, from a cultural viewpoint, an event to celebrate passing of the previous year, which was uneventful, and the new year.
- 平安時代の日本においては、中国・朝鮮半島との紛争が沈静化し、隼人や蝦夷との戦いも終わりが見え始めて国内統一が実現された。
- Japan became a unified nation in the Heian period after the disputes with China/Korea were settled and the war against Hayato (ancient tribe in Kyushu) and Ezo (ancient tribe in Tohoku) ended.
- このため、米などの稲系のもので作った餅が簡便で作りやすく加工しやすいことと相俟って、多様なつき餅の食文化を形成している。
- Therefore, because mochi made from a paddy-based material such as rice is convenient and is easy to make and process in addition to the above reason, various tsuki-mochi cultures are formed.
- しかしながら、宋 (王朝)代以降の中国料理が大きく変化したこと、日本料理や他のアジアの料理がそれぞれ独自の発達を遂げた。
- However, during Sung and after that, Chinese cuisine changed drastically, and other Asian cuisine as well as Japanese cuisine have developed independently of each other.
- また、この指定により文化財の保存、記録の作成、伝承者の育成に対して、公費でその経費の一部を負担することができるとしている。
- It also stipulates that if something is designated as an important intangible cultural property, it can receive public funds that can be used for part of the cost of preservation, keeping records and cultivating successors.
- 蕎麦屋は老舗や地域おこしの地域資源として新たに誕生した店もあり、活性化の一環として秋には「日光そばまつり」が行われている。
- As for soba restaurants, some are old establishments while the other are new comers that have opened as local resources for the regional economic development project and, as part of the revitalization plan, the Nikko Soba Festival is organized in the fall.
- 磐梯そばの知名度向上と地域活性化を目的として2007年に磐梯町で「第13回日本そば博覧会 in 会津・磐梯」が開催された。
- In 2007, for the purpose of improving name recognition of Bandai soba and regional vitalization, 'The thirteenth Japanese Soba Exhibition in Aizu-Bandai' was held in Bandai-machi.
- また、基本的には寿司職人の間での符牒であり、客が使用するものではないが、トロ、ガリのようにすでに一般名詞化したものもある。
- Basically, the following terms are jargon used among sushi chefs, and are not used by customers, but, some jargon like Toro (fatty tuna) and Gari (slices of ginger pickled in sweetened vinegar) are already used as a general noun.
- しかし、加熱殺菌による殺滅は実質不可能なため『エマルション(成分表記上は乳化剤)』の添加による抑制がとられるようになった。
- However, as it is substantially impossible to sterilize by heat, control was maintained by adding 'Emulsion (Emulsifier on label).'
- フィギュアスケート、新体操、シンクロナイズドスイミング、競技ダンス、等、芸術性を競う競技においても、厚化粧する場合が多い。
- Atsugesho is often used in sports where there is competition for artistic quality such as figure skating, rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, athletic dance, etc..
- 優れた面が古くなって魂を宿した付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)であり、持ち主に対して大切に扱ってくれるよう頼むとする説もある。
- It is a Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things) that have come to life when an prominent mask became old, and there is a theory that it pleads the owner to handle with care.
- 琴古主(ことふるぬし)は、鳥山石燕による妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある日本の妖怪の一つで、琴の付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)。
- Kotofurunushi is one of Japanese specters that is introduced in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (One hundred bags in idleness) which is a collection of specters illustrations by Sekien TORIYAMA, and it is Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things) of koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings).
- 久米三十六姓の人々は、琉球国王の命令を受けて、中国本土(主に福建)に渡って留学し、中国語や、音楽などの中国文化を学習した。
- Individuals included as part of the Thirty Six Families of Kume took orders from the Ryukyu monarchy, studied Chinese culture,including language and music, in mainland China, principally Fujian Province.
- 2007年7月には当主野村万作が重要無形文化財個人指定(人間国宝)に認定され、現在狂言界で最も隆盛を極めている一派である。
- In July, 2007, the family head Mansaku NOMURA was designated the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure), making this group the most prosperous in the current world of Kyogen.
- また、かつての立身出世のイメージではなく、衰退しつつある日本酒文化を守ろうといった動機から、多くの若い杜氏が生まれている。
- Also, nowadays many young people become toji, motivated by their passion that they want to support the declining sake culture, not by the image of success in life that young people used to have in the past.
- 鎧並びに兜を基として、携帯性や着装時の動きやすさを吟味した上で形状・材質等の改良が重ねられてゆき、現在の様式へと変化した。
- It has became the present design through various improvements in shape and materials after carefully examining portability and mobility of a wearer based on an amour and a kabuto (helmet).
- その一方で、画一化した大手メーカーの味に飽き足らなくなった消費者が地方に残った小規模メーカーのサイダーを見直し始めている。
- Meanwhile, consumers who are not satisfied with the standardized taste of the saida produced by major manufacturers are beginning to reevaluate the saida made by small-scale makers left in the local area.
- その個性的な風味は好き嫌いが極端に別れるため、好奇心や目新しさで話題を呼ぶものの、定番化まで至らず販売終了となることが多い。
- Although it furnished a topic of conversation due to its novelty and people's curiosity, personal preferences on its distinctive taste were sharply divided, and so it frequently finished selling without becoming a standard product.
- 幼くして正宗寺に入って修行、同寺は佐竹氏の菩提寺であり、絵画をはじめとした多くの文化財があり、雪村の絵に大きな影響を与えた。
- At a young age he entered Shoju-ji Temple for training; the temple was an ancestral temple of the Satake clan and held many cultural properties such as paintings, which greatly influenced Sesson's paintings.
- こうして洋食そのものが家庭の味として定着し、いまや多くの人にとって和食と同様に日本の食文化として位置づけられるに至っている。
- Yoshoku has become popular in Japanese households and has been considered to be a part of Japanese food culture as well as Japanese food.
- 観光産業をさらに発展させていくために、新たな観光事業の展開を図る事業者への支援を行ったり、観光関連産業の連携強化を支援する。
- The Ministry is to support entrepreneurs who plan to start tourism-related businesses, and assist the tourism industry to enhance cooperation amongst its members to further develop the industry.
- 2003年度にNHK放送文化研究所が行った調査では天かすと呼ぶ人が68%、揚げ玉が29%、揚げかすが16%という分布だった。
- In 2003, according to a survey by The NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, 68% of those asked called that deep-fried dough bit 'tenkasu' and 16% called it 'age-dama'.
- 薙刀や槍と同じ武士の調度品で源平合戦では既に使われていたとされるが、文明開化以降はほとんど残らず、教える流派も極少数である。
- It's considered as one of the furnishing goods for samurai as well as 'naginata' (Japanese halberd) or spears, and already used during the Genpei War, but after the civilization and enlightenment, it hardly existed and also there are few schools which teach its techniques.
- 前半では笛と小鼓が特殊な手を奏する神楽部分3段、後半は神舞2段に変化する(直り)のが普通(巫女に神が乗り移った解釈)である。
- Ordinarily, the first half is composed of three kagura sections where fue and kotsuzumi play a special tune and the latter half is changed (fixed) into two kami mai sections (it is construed that the miko has been possessed by the goddess).
- 逆に機械化が進んでいない、手造り重視の年間数百石程度の酒蔵では、杜氏に頼る割合が大きくなるため、常勤の杜氏が多い傾向がある。
- Unlike this case, breweries which emphasize manually-brewed sake with hundreds koku of rice per year tend to have more toji because their work more relies on toji.
- 昭和時代後期から現在におけるビール・ワインの酒類消費シェアの拡大の裏には、じつに明治初年の欧化政策が尾を引いているのである。
- The increase of the market share of beer and wine from the end of the Showa period to present was influenced by the policy of Europeanization in the beginning of the Meiji period.
- 昭和20年代末に、すでに吟醸酒を出品酒に留まらせず商品化した蔵元や、特級酒にブレンドするということを試した蔵元もあらわれた。
- Around 1954, some Kuramoto already put ginjoshu on the market as well as exhibiting it on competition, and others tried to blend it to a special grade of sake.
- 禅の精神にもとづく簡素さ、枯淡の味わいと伝統文化における風雅、幽玄、侘(わび)を精神的基調とする足利義政の時期の文化である。
- It was a culture that was established at the time of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA; it retained simplicity and an air of austere elegance of the spirit of Zen, based on the spiritual keynote of grace, quiet beauty, and elegant simplicity of the traditional culture.
- 上方落語協会が桂三枝体制に入ると具体化し、2006年(平成18年)9月15日に「天満天神繁昌亭」が大阪天満宮境内北側に開席。
- When Sanshi KATSURA became Chairman of the Kamigata Rakugo Association, it was finally materialized as the 'Tenma Tenjin Hanjotei Theater' opened in the northern part of the Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine's precincts on September 15, 2006.
- 第二次世界大戦以前の日本には1890年制定の帝室技芸員制度はあったものの、近代的な無形文化財の保護・指定制度は存在しなかった。
- Before World War Ⅱ, although the System of Imperial Arts and Crafts Experts established in 1890 existed, there was no modern system that protected and designated intangible cultural properties.
- しかし、それによって生まれた文化もあり、たぬき (麺類)(油揚げの乗ったそば)やとろろ昆布が乗ったこぶそばは大阪が発祥である。
- Osaka, however, developed its own soba culture, with Tanuki (noodles) (soba in hot soup with cooked fried tofu on top) and Kobu soba with kelp shavings on top originating in that city.
- 年齢を重ねてくると皺が増えたり肌が荒れやすくなってきたりするので、それをカバーするため、若い時と比べて厚化粧になる場合が多い。
- Wrinkles in the face increase and skin is liable to become rough with aging, so makeup often gets heavier the older one gets in order to cover up these imperfections.
- このように形式化された和様と完成期の和様を区別するため、後者を特に上代様と呼び、和様の古典として後に復古を叫ぶ書家が現われる。
- To distinguish the formalized Japanese style like this and the Japanese style in the completing period, the latter is especially called Jodaiyo, and Shoka (calligrapher) crying out for the restoration as the classics of the Japanese style, later appeared.
- 本書は現代の研究者からは、江戸時代に利休回帰が求められるなかで、「茶道」が複雑に理論化した実態を示す資料として用いられている。
- This book is used by modern researchers as the material showing the true state in the Edo period: 'Sado' was expected to return to Rikyu's style, but it grew into a complicated theory.
- - 本堂、開山堂、多宝塔、仁王門、鐘楼、経蔵、庫裏、書院、大玄関、唐門、宝蔵、石橋、棟札十三枚(以上全て京都府指定有形文化財)
- Hondo (main hall), kaisan-do hall (temple where the statue of founder priest is placed), tahoto pagoda ('multi-treasure' pagoda), nio-mon gate (Deva temple date), bell tower, kyozo (sutra repository), kuri (the priest's living quarters or the kitchen of a temple), study, grand entrance, kara-mon gate (Chinese-style gate), hozo (treasure storehouse), stone bridge, muna-fuda jusan-mai (thirteen wooden tags commemorating the foundation of the temple) (all of the foregoing are tangible cultural properties in Kyoto Prefecture)
- 絵画や絵巻では『鼠草紙』・『十二類合戦』とよばれる生き物を模した物や、『化物草子』では、案山子や柄杓の九十九神が描かれている。
- Paintings or picture scrolls in which living things were painted, such as 'Nezumi Zoshi' and 'Juni-rui Gassen,' were created, and the Tsukumogami of kakashi (scarecrow) and hishaku (ladle) were painted in 'Bakemono Zoshi.'
- 昭和46年に武田流騎射流鏑馬保存会が熊本で発足し、昭和50年3月24日には同保存会が団体として熊本県の指定文化財に登録された。
- In 1971, Takeda-ryu Kisha Yabusame Preservation Society was established in Kumamoto Prefecture and on March 24, 1975, the preservation society was registered as a group of the cultural property designated by Kumamoto Prefecture.
- また、祭礼や縁日や市などの寺社の参道や境内や門前町・鳥居前町において参詣者に授与・販売する歴史的、文化的背景のあるものを指す。
- Engimono also means something to be sold or offered to visitors at sando (an approach to the temple), temple or shrine grounds, Monzen-machi (a temple town) and Toriimae-machi (town in front of torii [Shinto shrine archway]) on the day of festivals and fairs, based on the historical and cultural backgrounds.
- 酒粕には、ビタミン類、炭水化物、アミノ酸等が豊富に含まれていて、体を温める効果があるため、冬の行事などで振舞われることが多い。
- Sake lees are rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. and are effective in warming up bodies, so kasujiru is often served at events in winter.
- ヨーロッパや北アメリカ、ラテンアメリカ、アフリカ、オセアニアなど、あらゆる地域でカレー文化が根付いていることが確認されている。
- It is confirmed that curry culture is rooted in every corner of the world, such as Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa and Oceania.
- だが、幼生期間が長くその間の死亡率も高い事など、減耗率を抑え稚エビまでの成長を管理する上で問題も多く、事業化には至っていない。
- However, commercialization of the cultivation has not been accomplished yet because the period of larvae is long and the death rate during the period is high, and in addition there are many problems controlling the growth of the larvae to reach the fry shrimp phase while reducing the rate of decrease.
- 更には1970年代頃から急速に多様化したレトルト食品(レトルト・ハンバーグ)の登場・普及により、非常にありふれた料理となった。
- From around the 1970's, rapidly diversified retort foods (retort hamburger patties) were put on the market and were made easily available, hamburger became the most common meal.
- キリシタン版はキリシタン追放と共におわり、同時代に持ち込まれた李朝の銅活字が古活字版の起源となりその後の整版文化の祖にもなった。
- Kirishitan-ban ended along with the expulsion of Christians, and the copper type of Yi Dynasty brought in the same period became an origin of the old edition and also an origin of the subsequent woodcut printing culture.
- ゲーム作品(ここではKey作品)のアニメ化にあたっては、強制ではないがアニメを制作するスタッフ全員で原作ゲームをプレイしている。
- Before the company adapts a game (produced by Key) into an animation, all of the staff to be engaged in its production play the original game, although they are not forced to do so.
- なお、英語ではその後大規模な音韻変化が起こったため、Kimonoの発音が「キモノ」よりも「カモノ」「カイモノ」に近くなっている。
- As the phonology was drastically changed in the English language after importing the word Kimono, the pronunciation of Kimono has been near to 'Kamono' or 'Kaimono' than 'Kimono.'
- 『山上宗二記』からは、この道具の序列の変化が確認され、また高麗物である井戸茶碗(秀吉所持)が名物に名を連ねている点も注目される。
- This change in the order of tea utensils was identified in 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki' (a book of secrets written by YAMANOUE no Soji, the best pupil of SEN no Rikyu), and it should be noted that the Ido chawan (a rustic tea bowl possessed by Hideyoshi) made in Korea was among the meibutsu.
- 戦局悪化に伴い空襲時の防空用に女性の着用が義務付けられ、半ば強制された(その前の時期から男性には国民服が制定、配給されていた)。
- With the deterioration of the war, women were obliged and nearly forced to wear them to defend themselves from air raids (Men were already issued the designated 'kokuminfuku' (national uniform) before that).
- 『付喪神記』の冒頭に「陰陽雑記に云ふ。器物百年を経て、化して精霊を得てより、人の心を誑かす、これを付喪神と号すと云へり」とある。
- At the beginning of 'Tsukumogami-ki,' there is a description that states, 'According to 'Inyo Zakki,' tools acquired souls and deceived people's hearts 100 years after they were produced. They were called Tsukumogami.'
- 安土桃山時代に入ると身分制が崩壊した混乱期に乗じて有力な町人が活躍し始め、織豊期の前後には市井の女性たちが自由に化粧を楽しんだ。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, some influential merchants took advantage of the confusion in the collapse of the class system and they began to increase their power, and ordinary women enjoyed makeup in their favorite styles around the Shokuho period (also known as the Azuchi-Momoyama period).
- そのため銘振りを変えたり、中茎の棟を丸棟にしたり肉を持たせたり、隠し鏨を入れたり、化粧鑢を複雑にしたりと、様々な工夫が見られる。
- Various ideas; changing the way of inscribing, making the back of the haft round, making it thick, or inscribing a secret mark, are found.
- 語源は「糸を引っ張って動かす」という意味の「からくる」という動詞の連用形の名詞化といい、16世紀後半頃から用例が確認されている。
- The etymology of karakuri is said to have been the nominalized adverbial form of the Japanese verb 'karakuru,' which means 'move something by pulling the strings attached to it,' and the word karakuri was found to have been used as early as in the late 16th century.
- もちろんザビエルは、これを自文化における酒であるワインを基準として日本酒を評価しているわけだから、量や値段の印象などは興味深い。
- Of course, since Xavier evaluated sake from the standard of wine which was the liquor of his own culture, his impressions on its amount and price are interesting.
- 農機具などが近代化される前の日本の農耕社会においては、強い働き手となる逞しい男性の存在が農家に最も求められる最重要課題であった。
- In the agrarian society in Japan where farming equipment had not been modernized, it was the most necessary and important issue for farmer's families to have strong and tough men who worked hard.
- 日本酒をめぐる需給バランスは敗戦直後よりもむしろ悪化する一方で、昭和23酒造年度(1948年-1949年)あたりが最悪であった。
- The balance of supply and demand of sake continuously became worse than that in the early postwar years, and it was worst around the Showa 23 brewing year (1948 to 1949).
- ウナギは淡水魚として知られているが、海で産卵・孵化を行い、淡水にさかのぼってくる「回遊(こうかかいゆう)」という生活形態をとる。
- Eels are known as freshwater fish, but their life cycle takes on that of a 'migratory fish,' which means they lay eggs and the eggs hatch in the sea, and the young eels return to the freshwater.
- 中尾佐助著『栽培植物と農耕の起源』(1966年)では「ラオスの山地民やボルネオ島の焼畑民族」の焼畑農耕文化複合の一つとされている。
- 'Cultivated Plants and the Origin of Agriculture' (1966) written by Sasuke NAKAO described that this method was one of cultural complexes of swidden cultivation of 'hill folks in Laos and tribe doing swidden agriculture in Borneo Island.'
- 1898年(明治31年)に「開明墨汁」と名付け商品化し、田口商会(現在の開明株式会社)を牛込区築土八幡(現在の新宿区)に創業した。
- In 1898, he named it 'Kaimei Bokuju' (Kaimei liquid sumi ink) and commercialized it, and he founded Taguchi Company (present-day KAIMEI & Co., Ltd.) in Tsukudo Hachiman, Ushigome Ward (present-day Shinjuku Ward).
- 炭酸飲料などによく使用される『異性化糖』はアミノ酸に反応しやすく、加熱時に独特の臭味を発生させる(ストレッカー分解)可能性がある。
- 'Isomerized sugar' frequently used for carbonated drinks and so on easily reacts with amino acid and may possibly generate a typical unpleasant smell when heated (Strecker degradation).
- 瀬戸大将(せとたいしょう)は、鳥山石燕による妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある日本の妖怪で、陶磁器の付喪神(器物が変化した妖怪)の一種。
- Setotaisho is a Japanese specter that is introduced in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro' (One hundred bags in idleness) which is a collection of specters illustrations by Sekien TORIYAMA, and it is a type of Tsukumo-gami (gods to a variety of things) of chinaware.
- 露地は広い大名庭園内につくられた関係もあって広くなり、途中に垣根を一つ二つつくって変化をつくり、また見る要素を強くするようになる。
- Roji became wider partly since they were created in large daimyo gardens (a garden of a feudal lord), in which the changes were added as making a fence or two, and also the visible factors were strengthened.
- そもそもは歌う際に臨時に笏を割ったもの、または2つの笏を用いて、それが後に様式化し、独立した1つの楽器として成立したと考えられる。
- Originally, two pieces of divided shaku or two shaku were provisionally used in singing, and it is thought that later they were conventionalized and established as new instruments.
- このような変化を受けて、蔵元のなかには自らが杜氏をかねる、杜氏兼蔵元またはオーナーマイスターなどという経営スタイルが生まれてきた。
- Such changes bring some breweries a new management style called toji-ken-kuramoto (toji and brewer) or owner Meister, in which a brewery owner also works as a toji.
- 飲料の低アルコール化は、それまでの「酒」と「水」、「アルコール」と「ノンアルコール」の境界線を曖昧にしていく歴史作用も持っていた。
- Historically, the appearance of low-alcohol drinks made the border between 'sake' and 'water,' that is, 'alcohol' and 'non-alcohol' ambiguous.
- 六代目歌右衛門は、先天性の左足脱臼を患っており、幼少時にそれが悪化して数年寝込み、大手術を行ってやっと歩けるようになったといわれる。
- It was said that Utaemon VI suffered from congenital dislocation of his left leg, so he was laid up for a few years since it got worse when he was young but could eventually walk again after major surgery.
- ヨーロッパの民間伝承上の存在「fairy」にはもっぱら妖精の訳を当てるが、文化人類学のアニミズムにおいては、妖怪も妖精も包括される。
- The word yosei is used for the translation of the word 'fairy', a being in European folklore, but animism in cultural anthropology includes both yosei and yokai.
- 箏曲の箏曲筑紫箏がすたれ、その曲の音色すら人々の心から忘れ去られてしまったとき、筑紫箏を奏でる琴が変化して妖怪となったものとされる。
- It is thought that Tsukushi goto (koto music from the Tsukushi area of Kyushu), one of sokyoku (koto music), has become obsolete, and when even its tone has been dismissed from people's minds, the koto which played the music of tsukushi goto transformed itself to a specter.
- これは民衆の習俗として登場した舞踊が舞台芸術化するにつれて、衣装などの外形は保存しつつも舞台栄えする華やかさを要求された結果である。
- This is because folk dancing, which originated from people's folkways and has become theatrical art, needs glamorous air as theatrical art while maintaining traditional appearance such as costume etc.
- 女性ほど濃厚ではないが男性貴族にも化粧の習慣が広まり、公家化した平氏の武将の中には、眉を引眉にし薄く白粉を刷いて出陣した若者もいる。
- The custom of makeup also became popular among noblemen although their makeup was lighter than women's makeup, and some young samurai men in the Taira clan, whose behavior and culture became the court noble style, even changed their eyebrows to hikimayu (painted eyebrows) and powdered their faces lightly before going into a battle.
- また、神(客神や九十九神などいろいろ)・尊・魂・命・霊御・霊を定義したり分け隔てることなく享受してきたのも日本の文化の本質でもある。
- It was also the essence of Japanese culture to enjoy gods (many deities such as guest deities, Tsukumogami [divine spirit that resided in an extremely old tool or creature], and so on), Mikoto, spirit, deities, departed soul and soul without defining or discriminating against them.
- 観劇や噺などの日常娯楽に浸る事に併せ酒を呑むという、娯楽が食文化を発展させ、また食文化が娯楽を発展させてきた歴史は世界各地に存在する
- In many parts of the world, history shows that enjoyment of drinking along with usual enjoyments such as going to plays and comic stories has helped food culture develop while food culture has helped enjoyments grow.
- 炭化物の分析からは、植物質材料のほかに獣肉や血液および野鳥の卵が含まれる可能性が指摘され、現代のハンバーグに通じる食品が想定された。
- The analysis of the carbonized materials indicates that they might include some animal meat and blood, eggs of wild birds as well as plant materials and they are thought to be a food associated with present-day hamburger patties.
- これに麹や塩を混ぜ合わせ、発酵させることによって大豆のタンパク質が消化しやすく分解され、また旨みの元であるアミノ酸が多量に遊離する。
- It is mixed with koji (a fermentation agent) and salt to ferment, so the protein of soybean resolves to be easily digestible and large amounts of amino acid which is the source of umami (savory) are released.
- 日本酒の特殊容器に使用されていた加熱機構を缶コーヒーに採用したもので、酸化カルシウムと水を反応させて発熱を起こす仕掛けが施されている。
- The heating system used for special containers of Japanese sake was adopted for canned coffee, which is designed to generate heat by inducing a reaction between calcium oxide and water.
- 実際、洋服が日本で普及する以前は、日本人は衣服一般を「着物」と呼んでいて、着物という言葉に日本文化と西洋文化を区別する意味はなかった。
- In fact, as the Japanese people used the word Kimono to indicate clothing in general sense before Western style clothing has prevailed, the word Kimono was not used to differentiate the Japanese culture from the Western culture.
- しかし、江戸時代は魚の食文化が発達した時代でもあり、17世紀の『料理物語』のなかに「ふくとう汁」(ふぐ汁)の料理方法が記載されている。
- However, it was during the Edo period that a food culture of eating fish developed, and a book in the 17th century called 'Ryori Monogatari' (tale of food) includes an explanation on how to cook 'fukuto jiru' (pufferfish soup).
- 勝浦町生名の人形文化交流館において、ビッグひな祭り実行委員会及び特定非営利活動法人阿波勝浦井戸端塾によって約1ヶ月にわたり開催される。
- The festival is held for about one month by the Big Doll Festival Execution Committee and a specified nonprofit corporation called Awa Katsuura Idobata Juku at Ningyo Bunka Koryu Kaikan (Doll Cultural Exchange Hall) in Ikuna, Katsuura-cho.
- 少年が太鼓を叩くところがあり、この場合は稚児などのように厚化粧となったり豪華な衣装を着たり、大人に肩車され地面に足を付けない所もある。
- In some cases where a few boys beat the drum in the taikodai, they wear heavy make up, dressed in gorgeous costume like chigo (beautifully dressed children parading at festivals), and given piggyback ride by adults who have their feet untouched on the ground.
- 明治維新の後も引き続き親しまれたが、第二次世界大戦での敗戦後に「文化の移り変わり」「河川の劣化」(水質汚濁)などで勢いを失っていった。
- It was popular even after the Meiji Restoration, but its popularity started to decline due to the 'change of culture' and 'deterioration of rivers' (water pollution) after losing World War II.
- その延長線上に来るのが、水割りウィスキーやチューハイの出現であり、飲料の低アルコール化であり、ノン・アルコール世代の出現となっていく。
- As a result, people came to drink whisky with water and chuhai (shochu highball) or low alcohol beverages, which led to the appearance of the nonalcoholic generation.
- その上、中国では海を化外の地(けがいのち)と呼び、忌み嫌う価値観が存在する事と、肉や野菜を生食する習慣は疫病の流行などで早くに廃れた。
- Additionally, the Chinese disliked the sea, as their values at the time considered it to be outside of their realm; therefore, the practice of eating raw meat and vegetables was abandoned early on due to the spread of disease.
- その後明治になり、徳川幕府から明治新政府へ政権が移ると、近代化により日本陸軍・日本海軍が創設され、忍者達はその役目を終えることになる。
- In Meiji period, the administration was transferred to new Meiji Government and Japanese army and navy were created through modernization policy, then ninja lost their job.
- 筒の部分を持ち、毛の部分に墨や顔料をつけ、書く対象にその毛をなすり付けることにより、文字を書いたり、絵を描いたり、化粧を行ったりできる。
- The brush is used to write letters, draw pictures or apply makeup; one holds the stem, dipping the brush into Chinese ink or pigments, and rub the brush against the item the ink is to be applied to.
- 日本人の洋装化が進んでも、日本の高温多湿な気候の中で褌の持つ下着としての優れた機能や効能からくる満足度はブリーフやトランクスよりも高い。
- No matter how far westernization might infiltrate Japanese way of dressing, the high temperatures and humidity in Japan would make the fundoshi loincloths more attractive and satisfactory than the briefs and trunks in their function and efficiency as underwear.
- そして、大陸からの文化の吸収もあり、現代 (時代区分)に至るまで、時代と共に様々な妖怪が人々の生活の中から生み出されてきたと考えられる。
- Furthermore, culture from the continent was adopted, and it is considered that various forms of yokai were created with passage of time in peoples' lives until the modern day (periodization).
- 和服を着ることがすでに非日常と化している現在では、着る場面によって女性用の正装の和服を選ぶマナーとしての基準は、今後変わる可能性がある。
- As people unusually wear Wafuku these days, the criterion of selecting female formal Wafuku to suit an occasion will change in the future.
- これらの乳成分は加温販売時の熱によって酸化し、経時によって劣化が進めば特有の臭気を発するため『ビタミンE』などの酸化防止剤が添加される。
- If these milk constituents are oxidized by heat at the time of hot dispensing and become well deteriorated over a lapse of time, they give off an offensive smell, and so antioxidants including 'Vitamin E' are added.
- 近年は日本人の間にも内臓食の文化が浸透してきたことや、牛海綿状脳症の影響などで原料となる牛腸の供給が減少しているため高価になりつつある。
- Recently, since eating internal organs of livestock has been spreading among Japanese people and the supply of cattle intestines has been decreasing due to influences from the problem of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, raburakasu is becoming expensive.
- 女性による義太夫語りは、江戸後期の文化 (元号)文政ごろからおこなわれていたが、水野忠邦の天保の改革で女芸人が禁止されると廃れていった。
- Females came to narrate Gidayu in the early nineteenth century, during the latter half of the Edo period, but such plays by females declined after the Tenpo reforms by Tadakuni MIZUNO prohibited females from working as entertainers.
- なお天理図書館蔵狂言六義が流儀の最古本(江戸時代初期)であるが、成立が遅かったこともあり、天理本の時点から大きな変化はあまり見られない。
- Although the oldest volume of the school (from the early Edo period) is Kyogen rikugi which is housed in the Tenri Central Library, very little has been changed from that time due to the fact that it was developed at a late date.
- もっぱら妖怪として描かれ、その造形は江戸時代以前からあった自然の具現化と九十九神などの生活必需品(家畜などを含め)を踏襲したものである。
- Tsukumogami were painted solely as apparitions, and their models were the embodiment of nature and daily necessities (including domestic animals) that had existed before the Edo period.
- 本来は藺草(イグサ)で編んだ物であるが、武田流の使用する物は形状・材質とも変化している(小笠原流の流鏑馬では古式の綾藺笠を用いている)。
- The hats were originally woven with rush, but the ones used in Takeda school have different shape and material (Ogasawara school uses traditional Ayai gasa for Yabusame).
- 祭の目的が時代の変化によって参加者達の利害とは離れてしまったものも多く、行事の内容も社会環境の変化等により変更を余儀なくされた祭もある。
- In many cases, the purpose of matsuri departed from the interests of participants due to changes of the times, and details of events of some matsuri were forced to be changed due to changes in the social environment and so on.
- 矢が射場外に飛び出るのを防ぐために「防矢ネット」が設置されたり、窓がある看的所には「アクリル板」や「強化ガラス」が設置されたりしている。
- Arrow protection net' is installed to prevent an arrow from flying out of the iba, and 'acrylic board' and 'tempered glass' are installed for a kantekijo with window.
- 古くは1954年に東京の鳥井飲料が『コーヒーサイダー』の名で商品化しており、「一家揃って晩餐後楽しめるもの」として好評を博したといわれる。
- Formerly in 1954, Torii Inryo produced it on a commercial basis under the name of 'Coffee Cider,' which is said to have gained public favor as 'A drink a whole family can enjoy after dinner.'
- ただし、特に江戸時代後半となると、胡弓楽と地歌、箏曲は交流が著しくほとんど一体化してしまっているので、胡弓楽という言葉はあまり使われない。
- However, after entering the latter half of the Edo period in particular, Kokyu-gaku, Jiuta songs, and So music were intermingled considerably to the extent that they were almost integrated, and the term of Kokyu-gaku almost ceased to be used.
- 女性や少年少女が舞う場合もあり、その場合は、舞楽面を着けずに山吹の挿頭花を挿した前天冠を着け、歌舞伎舞踊と同様の舞台化粧をする場合がある。
- Women, as well as boys and girls, may also perform the dance, in which case they may put on maetengan (a charm of the front of cap) with kazashi (snapped branch of flower or tree put in the hair or the cap) in it and wear stage makeup as in Kabuki dance, without wearing Bugaku masks.
- 朝仁親王以来、紋は花形の枠に下向きになった鴛鴦(おしどり)一羽を収めた(鴛鴦とはいっても雄のみ)もので、定型化して現在まで変わっていない。
- Since the time of Imperial Prince Tomohito, the crest of a mandarin duck (only male) sitting inside the flower-shaped frame has been stylized and never changed till now.
- 同じ箸文化圏の中国、韓国、東南アジアでは、皿を持って食べる行為を「路上生活者ようだ」として忌避されており、世界でも日本の食事作法は珍しい。
- This unique manner of eating in Japan is unusual in the world, even in the same cultural area where people use chopsticks for eating, such as China, Korea, and other South East Asian countries, where people recuse themselves from holding a plate to eat something because they think such manners are similar to what homeless people do on the street.
- さらに兵庫県伊丹市鴻池にも、同市が文化財に指定した「清酒発祥の地」の伝説を示す石碑である鴻池稲荷祠碑(こうのいけいなりしひ)が建っている。
- Moreover, in Konoike, Itami City, Hyogo Prefecture, there stands 'Konoike inari shihi,' a stone monument showing the legend of 'the birth place of seishu' which was a cultural property designated by Itami City.
- それなりの手間もかかるために敬遠される傾向もあり、酵母仕込み、高温糖化酛、中温速醸酛などの合理化によって山廃で仕込まなくなった酒蔵も多い。
- Yamahai-jikomi tends to be avoided nowadays because it requires a certain level of care; moreover, rationalization such as kobo-jikomi (brewing using cultured moto), kon-toka-moto (high heat saccharification moto), and chuon-sokujo-moto (medium heat saccharification moto) has caused many sake breweries to stop using the yamahai method.
- しかし多くの曲ではこれらの要素が入り交じり、また部分的に描写的であったり、絶対音楽的であったりして変化が大きく、それが魅力ともなっている。
- However, many pieces have a mixture of these factors and thus consist of a wide variety of parts (for example, some parts are descriptive and some parts are absolute music), which is also a feature that makes these pieces attractive.
- またこうして、かつての「とことん泥酔」から「ほどほどなま酔い」も、さらに局所的な濃度が薄まって、より日常的な微酔へと変化していくのである。
- In this way, the degree of drinking had changed to being slight drunk daily, which was much lighter than being 'drunk heavily' and 'namayoi' in the old days.
- 1980年代半ば頃から落語協会、落語芸術協会共に所属する噺家の半数以上を真打が占めるようになり、制度としては形骸化しているとの意見もある。
- Since the mid 1980s, shinuchi have held more than half of the storytellers belonging to the Rakugo Kyokai Association and Rakugo Art Association, so some people say that it has lost substance as a system.
- 現在ではラーメンのほか蕎麦やうどん、やきそばやスパゲッティ、そうめん、冷麺、春雨 (料理)、フォーなどもあり、麺類全般が製品化されている。
- At present, noodles in general are commercialized such as ramen, soba, udon, yakisoba, spaghetti, somen (fine white noodles), reimen (cold noodles in Korean style), harusame (bean-starch vermicelli) (cuisine), and pho (noodles in Vietnamese style).
- 反面、流派を伝承する者にも意味が伝わっていない動作や非合理的な内容、江戸時代に形の美観のため加えられた(華法化)動作が含まれる場合もある。
- Nevertheless, there are also some cases where the actions whose meanings have not been transmitted to the successors of the school, the unreasonable content, and the actions that were added in the Edo period to improve the formal beauty (in Japanese, 'kahoka') are included.
- 月桂冠大倉記念館をはじめとする月桂冠の施設群および松本酒造酒蔵とともに「伏見の日本酒醸造関連遺産」として近代化産業遺産の認定を受けている。
- Fushimi Jikkoku-bune Boat, facilities of Gekkeikan Sake Co., Ltd. including Gekkeikan Okura Sake Museum, and Breweries of Matsumoto Sake Brewing Co., Ltd. are designated officially as ''Heritage of Sake Brewing in Fushimi'', Heritage of Industrial Modernization.
- 漱石が江戸文化の影響を色濃く受けていた事を想起すれば、『猫』での描写は、江戸・東京におけるある種のステレオタイプにのっとったものだったろう。
- Recalling that Soseki was heavily influenced by Edo culture, it seems that the above depictions in 'I Am a Cat' were in keeping with a certain stereotype that existed in Edo (Tokyo).
- 明治・大正時代に、学校で日常的に着る服として多くの女学生が女性用の袴を好んで着用し、女学生の袴姿が流行したことが、日本の文化として定着した。
- During the Meiji and Taisho periods, most female students liked to wear female Hakama as everyday clothes in school so that Hakama prevailed among Japanese female students, which took root in Japanese culture.
- これは、文化人類学におけるアニミズム論でもいわれるように、世界中の初期文明において、押並べて自然発生的に生まれた信仰と同じくするものである。
- This philosophy, as discussed in the field of animism in cultural anthropology, is similar to religions that spontaneously emerged during the times of the primary civilization around the world.
- 封建社会を経て近代化してもなお、このような原始宗教ともいわれる世界観を持ち合わせる国は少なく、日本独特に育まれてきた観念からの祭礼でもある。
- Among modernized countries having undergone feudal perods, only a few countries retain such an interpretation of the world which can be called a primitive faith; it is also a festival originated from the concept that has specifically been nurtured in Japan.
- 他の食品と同じように商品の多機能化と差別化が行われ、単に素材の違いだけでなく、出汁入りのものやカルシウムなどを添加したものが販売されている。
- Like other food products, miso came to be equipped with multifunction and differentiation from others; in addition to the difference of ingredients, soup stock, calcium and so on are added to miso for sale.
- 杵と臼で搗く機構の機械は商業化された場合に多く、小型のものは蒸した米をメーカー独自の特殊形状のヘラで練って十数分で搗いた餅と同じ状態になる。
- A mochi pounding machine based on the mechanism of pounding mochi using a pestle and a mortar is often used in commercial mochi production; and a small-sized machine kneads steamed glutinous rice using a spatula in a specific shape that is unique to the manufacturer of the machine, and makes mochi that is in a uniform state as that of pounded mochi in ten and several minutes.
- アボカドの果肉はトロに似た食感があるといわれ、ワサビ醤油で食することが慣習化され、アボカドの刺身などとして多くの料理本などに記載されている。
- The flesh of the avocado is said to have a texture similar to fatty tuna, and it has become commonly eaten with soy sauce seasoned with wasabi so that it is now described in many recipe books as 'avocado sashimi.'
- そのなかには、関白一条教房が家領であった土佐国幡多荘(現在の高知県四万十市)に下向して、子孫が土佐一条氏として戦国大名化したという例もある。
- For example, Kanpaku (Chancellor) Norifusa ICHIJO went down to his family's territory, Hatanosho district in Tosa Province (present-day Shimanto City, Kochi Prefecture), and later his descendants became Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) as Tosa Ichijo clan.
- AIRは当時のアニメ界としては、他を圧倒するほどの作り込みと巧みな演出が話題を呼び、京都アニメーションの名はアニメファンの間でブランド化した。
- 'Air' was much talked about within the animation industry at the time because of its unsurpassed level of elaboration and sophisticated staging, and the name Kyoto Animation became a brand among animation.
- 元来日本語には「ん」という発音の言葉がなかったことから、漢語の「褌衣」を韓国語化した「Hun-t-os,(フントス)」からくるという説もある。
- Another conception suggests that the word 'fundoshi' originates from 'Hun-t-os' (pronounced as 'funtos') that is a Koreanized word of Chinese 'kon-i' (literally, 'fundoshi wear'), as Japanese language had primitively no word including a pronunciation of 'n.'
- 日本の風俗から外れた、海外の魔物を「妖怪」と呼び習わすのは、こうした日本以外の文化が様々な時代に流入し、ある程度の歴史を持っているからである。
- The reason why overseas demons, that are foreign to the Japanese mode of life, are called 'yokai' is that such non-Japanese cultures flowed into Japan during various periods, and they possess a certain amount of history.
- 安永2年(1773年)に水野家下組屋敷に隠居したが、その後も30年以上にわたって活発に活動を続け文化 (日本)4年(1807年)に世を去った。
- In 1773 he retired to the kumi-yashiki (residence for general samurai) of the Mizuno family, however he remained active in the tea ceremony for more than thirty years until his death in 1807.
- しみ、あざ、傷あと、等を目立たなくするためにファンデーションでカバーするカモフラージュメイクがあるが、そのために厚化粧の印象になる場合が多い。
- In order to conceal things like stains, bruises and scars, camouflage makeup is used to cover them with foundation, but this often leads to the impression of atsugesho.
- ガラス・プラスチック容器が一般化する以前、酒等の小売店は客に店名・商標等を書いた徳利を渡し、商品(酒)をその中に注ぐという方式で販売していた。
- Before glass or plastic containers were widely used, sake shop owners sold sake by giving out the tokkuri first, on which the name of the shop and a trademark were written, to their customers and poured sake into it.
- また語り物である浄瑠璃にも取り入れられ、三味線音楽は「歌いもの」「語り物」の二つの流れに大きく分かれ、更に分化を繰り返して大きく発展していく。
- Since shamisen was also adopted into a narrative called Joruri, shamisen music had been roughly divided in two: 'utai mono' (lyrical song) and 'katari mono' (narrative), and then they have repeated subdivisions that developed much further.
- 源平の時代に生まれたとも伝えられ、菓子というよりも保存食・携帯食に近いものであったとされ、時代と共に現在のようなお菓子へ変化したといわれている。
- It is said to have appeared during the Genpei period (late 11th century - late 12th century CE) as something more like a kind of preserved food or portable provisions rather than a confectionery, and have developed over time into a confectionery like the present day.
- 漢方薬で消化を助けるサンショウの実を乾燥させた後に石臼等で挽いた山椒の粉を振りかけ香味を楽しみながら重箱の左隅から食べるのが一般的な作法である。
- Generally, Unaju is consumed from the left corner by applying Sansho (Japanese pepper powder), which is considered to enhance digestion in Chinese medicine, which is dried and milled by a stone mill, in order to enhance the flavor.
- 従来からの愛好家の高齢化が進み、高齢世代の愛好家人口は減少している一方で、新たな愛好家となるブリーフやトランクスしか知らない世代が出現している。
- While traditional devotees to fundoshi loincloth are now aging and their population is decreasing, new devotees are emerging from the generation that knows only briefs and trunks.
- しかし1990年代も半ばを過ぎると演歌の衰退は激化し、1990年代末には演歌の新曲CDが数十万枚単位でヒットする例は極めて少なくなってしまった。
- Years after the mid-1990s, however, saw severer deterioration of the enka genre, and it became unusual for new enka CDs to become hits and sell as many as hundreds of thousands of copies in the late 1990s.
- 頭が弱い悪徳商人の息子である新吉が自分の部屋の壁に画いたからかさ小僧の落書きが、踊りながら壁から抜け出たと同時に笑い声と共に実体化して誕生した。
- Shinkichi, the son of a feeble-minded, corrupt merchant drew a picture of the karakasa-kozo on the wall of his room; the karakasa-kozo then came to life, laughing as he danced out of the wall.
- 基本的に上記の歌舞伎と同じだが、化粧に慣れてない人が多いため、眉や口紅がかすれた感じになったりして、素人歌舞伎らしい素朴な感じになる場合が多い。
- The makeup of amateur Kabuki is basically the same as the Kabuki described above, but because most of the performers are not accustomed to wearing makeup, their painted eyebrows and lipstick often get blurred, giving the impression of amateur Kabuki.
- 滞在中は通商や文化交流に貢献し宮廷で茶の湯を披露するなどのほか、日露戦争に際してロシア軍艦のボスポラス海峡通過を日本に打電するという逸事がある。
- During his sojourn in Turkey he contributed to commerce and cultural exchange and besides introducing the Turkish royal court to the Japanese tea ceremony, there is anecdotal evidence that, during the Russo-Japanese War, he telegraphed Japan the movements of Russian battleships in the Bosporus Sea.
- 映画、テレビドラマの場合はフイルム、ビデオに写る事から、更に写実的になるが、それでも、アイライナーが太くなる等、現代劇よりは厚化粧の傾向はある。
- Even though makeup is even more realistic in movies and television dramas, there is a tendency to use thicker eyeliner and other makeup than what is used in Jidaigeki since it comes out on film and video.
- また、現在の帷子ノ辻から西北西(嵯峨野の北西、奥嵯峨)に位置する化野(あだしの)は鳥辺野、蓮台野とともに古来の風葬の地、葬送の地として知られる。
- In addition, 'Adashino' located in the west northwest of present-day Katabira no tsuji (Okusaga located in the northwest of Sagano) is known as a place for funeral or a place for an ancient ritual, 'fuso' (funeral rite where the dead body is exposed to the wind until it is eroded completely).
- 『平家物語』剣の巻にある一条戻橋の鬼の話では、綱が鬼の腕を斬り落とす場面の舞台は一条戻橋であり、この後に鬼が綱の乳母に化けて腕を奪い去るとある。
- In the tale of ogre at Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge in the chapter, named 'Tsurugi (sword)' of 'Heike Monogatari (The Tales of the Taira family)', the scene Tsuna slashed off an arm of the ogre was set on Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge, and after that, it is said that the ogre changed himself into Tsuna's nanny and took his arm away.
- 例えば東京都無形民俗文化財に指定されている檜原村小沢郷の小沢式三番や笹野郷の笹野式三番、岩手県平泉町の白山神社で伝承される古実式三番などがある。
- Examples include Ozawa Shiki Sanban of Ozawa-kyo, Hinohara-mura, which is designated as a Tokyo intangible folk cultural asset, as well as Sasano Shiki Sanban of Sasano-kyo and Furumi Shiki Sanban, which has been handed down from generation to generation in the Hakusan-jinja Shrine of Hiraizumi-cho, Iwate Prefecture.
- 酒造りが近代化される明治時代以前は、精米は水車で行なわれ、半切り桶の中に蒸米と水をいれ、櫂(かい)で丹念にすりつぶすという大変な重労働であった。
- Before the Meiji period when sake brewing became modernized, yamaoroshi was extremely hard work: rice milling was conducted powered by a water wheel; then, steamed rice and water were put into a flat large tub and were patiently rammed with a mash paddle.
- これ以降、先に出された遺題を解き新たな遺題を出すという連鎖(遺題継承)が始まり、和算で扱われる問題は急速に実用の必要を超え、技巧化・複雑化した。
- Since then, the chain of solving an idai and presenting a new one in a new edition started (the succession of idai), and as such, the mathematical problems in wasan became increasingly technical and complicated beyond practical needs.
- 花見や紅葉紅葉にまつわる文化のような行楽の一部として、または野点を主体として庭園(→日本庭園)から完全な野外に至るまで様々な場所で催されている。
- It is presented as a part of a cultural activity related to cherry blossom or autumn leave viewing, as a main event in a garden (Japanese garden) or as an entirely open-air event.
- しかし、お座敷芸より連なる伝統的芸能を支える空間としての役割を果たしながら、都市文化の華としての地位を江戸時代初期から守っているのは驚異的である。
- However, it is astonishing that the yose has kept its position as the flower of urban culture since the early Edo period while serving to support the traditional performance arts related to performances in rooms (such as geisha dance).
- 時代が洋装化に向かったことで、子供はパッチ(ステテコ)を使用するようになったが、第二次世界大戦前までは、成人してからは褌に代えるのが一般的だった。
- Before World War II, boys and girls in general used to change their underwear to fundoshi loincloth when they entered adulthood, though children had already begun wearing tight-fitting draws (suteteko pants) along with the tendency toward westernizing style of dress.
- 明治30年代(1897年-)頃から企業化した製氷のおかげで、寿司屋でも氷が手に入りやすくなり、明治の末あたりからは電気冷蔵庫を備える店も出てくる。
- From around 1897, due to industrialized ice making, even sushi restaurants could easily obtain ice, and some restaurants started the installation of electric refrigerators at around the end of the Meiji period.
- 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱では、男性用の衣服を新しく制作するときは、色は自由とし、形は、国民服の乙号のタイプか、これに似たものに限定することとした。
- The Outline of Wartime Clothing Simplification stated that when the male clothing is produced, the color would be left to the discretion of the producer, but the shape should be limited to the Otsugo national uniform or close to it.
- 飲食店、デパート、ホテル、旅館の従業員、客室乗務員、レースクイーン、キャンペーンガール、等の職業も格式や雰囲気等に合わせた厚化粧になる場合が多い。
- In occupations such as employees in restaurants, department stores, hotels, Japanese-style inns, cabin attendants, race queens, and campaign girls, women are often required to wear atsugesho appropriate to the formality and atmosphere of their job.
- 江戸時代になると、応仁の乱以後の服飾習慣が固定化してしまい、公家社会でも高位の女官や大きな行事でもない限り、袿が着られることはなくなってしまった。
- By the Edo period, post Onin War customs had become fixed, and even in the court noble society, uchiki was worn only at a large event or by high-ranking court ladies.
- 現在「留袖」と言われているのは、化政文化華やかな頃、江戸で芸者から流行が広がった江戸褄(えどづま)と呼ばれる下半身部にのみ模様の入った着物を指す。
- The type of kimono called 'tomesode' today refers to the kimono having patterns woven only in the lower body part of the kimono called 'edozuma', which were worn by geisha (Japanese professional female entertainer at drinking party) at first and became popular among women in Edo.
- そして当時の日本人は山を神格化し、その神の力を授かるために米を山型(神の形)をかたどって食べたものがいわゆる「おむすび」の始まりだと言われている。
- And the Japanese people of that time divinized mountains and ate mountain-shaped rice (the shape of the god) to receive divine power, and this is the beginning of 'omusubi.'
- 線がふっくらとして実に艶美な感じを与えるが、濃淡の変化の際立った墨つぎと、太い線と細い線を絡ませてゆく技巧とが、この色紙に一段と精彩を添えている。
- The fuller lines have a truly seductive air, and the sumi-tsugi, which brings out changes in shading, together with the technique of interweaving thick and thin lines make this Shikishi stand out.
- こういった活動は、戸外で季節の移り行く様子を楽しむために行われるもので、四季の変化が自然の様々な表情を生み出す日本において、古くから行われている。
- These activities are for people to feel and enjoy the change of the seasons, and have been performed since early times in Japan where the spectacle of nature varies greatly between seasons.
- コーヒーかすの処理については公害が社会問題として表面化する1970年代にはすでに懸念材料となっており、近代に至るまでその有効利用法が模索されている。
- The matter of coffee grounds disposal had already become a concern in the 1970s when environmental pollution became an issue as a social problem and effective usage has been searched for until today.
- 褌を着用することで、虚飾を排し、時流に流されることなく本質を求道する理想の日本人男子像を具現化するものとして、褌にこだわりを抱く愛好家は少なくない。
- There are lots of devotees who consider that wearing the fundoshi loincloth is the way to portray the ideal image of a Japanese man who pursues essence without being influenced by the flow of times, doing away with all ostentation.
- Not a few fanciers have an obsession with fundoshi as something that realizes an ideal image of a Japanese man who will exclude vanity and won't swim with the current of the times to seek the essence by wearing fundoshi.
- 江戸時代の怪談集『諸国百物語』には、ある寺の稚児が恋文を受け取り、それを捨てていたところ、恋文に込められた執念が鬼と化して人を襲ったという話がある.
- A story in 'Shokoku Hyaku Monogatari' (One Hundred Tales from Various Provinces), a collection of ghost stories compiled in the Edo period, tells that when a chigo (temple acolyte) received a love letter and threw it away, the feeling of obsession that the writer conveyed in the letter caused an ogre to appear and attack people.
- 道具や、一般に人格を認められることのない家畜・動植物・自然などに、神霊が宿り意志を持つといった価値観は、戯画や漫画などの擬人化の一環とし考えられる。
- The sense of values that believes divine spirits exist in tools, domestic animals, animals, plants and nature, in which personality is not generally recognized, is considered to have derived from the fact that they were personified in caricatures and comics.
- 全国和菓子協会は、こうした故事にちなみ、日本の食文化を正しく隆盛に後世に伝え残すために一層の努力を積み重ねることを目的として、この記念日を制定した。
- The Zenkoku Wagashi Kyokai (Japan Wagashi Association) established the memorial day relating to this historical fact in order to make greater efforts to pass on Japanese food culture properly and actively to the next generations.
- また、風流の格好・芸能・感覚は江戸時代に確立した歌舞伎・文楽などにも影響を与えた他、安土桃山時代桃山文化や元禄文化の建築などにもその影響が見られる。
- The styles, performances and sensations of Furyu affected Kabuki and Bunraku, which were established in the Edo period, the architecture of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, and Genroku culture.
- 室町時代も後半には「紅白粉」という薄紅色の紅粉を混ぜた白粉が流行し、時代の風潮を反映してか女性の化粧はより生き生きとした印象を与えるものに代わった。
- In the latter part of the Muromachi period, the makeup powder called 'beni oshiroi' (beni makeup powder), which is the face powder mixed with light-pinkish beni powder, became popular and the makeup style was changed to what gave women more lively impressions, reflecting the trend of those times.
- 添において投入される日本酒麹と日本酒米が少量でなければならないのは、あくまでも酵母に急激な環境の変化を与えないことが段仕込み全体の目的だからである。
- The reason for why a very small amount of koji and rice are introduced in brewing for Japanese sake is because the sole purpose of the danjikomi is to prevent sudden environmental change for the yeast.
- (1984年 - 1989年) 食文化における国民の幸福の追求か、国家の税収の確保かを争点として、自家製酒どぶろくをめぐって最高裁まで争われた裁判。
- (1984 to 1989) A trial on home-made Doburoku which was headed for the Supreme Court disputed which was more important, the pursuit of happiness in people's food culture or the procurement of tax revenue of the nation.
- 1月に、いわゆるガイアツに押し切られた形でウィスキーの貿易自由化が行なわれ、飲用に供するすべての酒は数量や取引金額の制限なく輸入できるようになった。
- In January, trade of whisky was liberalized by pressure from foreign countries, so called Gaiatsu, which enabled all liquors for drinking to be imported without any limit of quantity and transaction amount.
- これは伝承砲術によっているものであるが、日本では幕末明治維新期に兵制・武器の西欧化が急速に行われたため、流派の直接伝承はすべていったん途絶えている。
- They did it following traditional gunnery, but in Japan, during the Meiji Restoration, the military conscription and weapons were rapidly westernized and thus all the direct handing down of the school stopped.
- さらに、従来の真っ直ぐな剣から、湾曲して人を斬りやすく、また馬上での戦いに適した形に進化し、やがて現在まで伝わる日本刀の原型ともいえる剣が登場する。
- Instead of the then existing straight swords, curved swords which were more suitable for cutting persons or those suitable for fighting on horseback were developed, and the original model of the current Japanese sword was created.
- 武士が戦うための技芸であった武芸,兵法を基に、室町時代の終わり頃から剣術や柔術、槍術、弓術、砲術などがそれぞれ様々な流派として技術化、体系化された。
- Based on bugei (a military art) or hyoho (an art of warfare) which had been a practical art for samurai (warriors) to fight with, since around the end of the Muromachi period, kenjutsu (swordplay), jujutsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon), sojutsu (the art of spearmanship), kyujutsu (the art of Japanese archery), hojutsu (gunnery), etc. have been evolved technically and systematized as various schools respectively.
- 着物や髪型、化粧、簪など、本物の舞妓衣装には、経験年数や季節感に基づいた多くの約束事があるが、観光舞妓の場合、これを無視した取り合わせになっている。
- There are many dress codes for a real maiko, including what types of kimono, hairstyle, makeup and kanzashi should be used and how, based on their careers and the seasons, while a kanko maiko is dressed up without being bound by such dress codes.
- 指定にあたっては、たとえば「人形浄瑠璃文楽」「能楽」のような芸能、「備前焼」「彫金」のような工芸技術といった無形の「わざ」を重要無形文化財に指定する。
- Intangible skills such as performing art including 'ningyojoruri' (Japanese traditional puppet show) and 'nogaku' (classical Japanese musical drama) or technique of arts and crafts including 'bizen yaki' (Japanese pottery produced in Okayama Prefecture) and 'chokin' (metalworking technique) are designated as important intangible cultural properties.
- また、複雑化を避けるため当初は2区分にとどめる予定であったが、低濃度の瓶入りコーヒーも対象に含まれることになり3区分へと範囲が拡げられることとなった。
- Moreover, it was originally intended to be classified into two levels to avoid complication, but low-concentrated coffee in bottles came to be included and it was expanded in scope to three classes.
- 但し、寿老人と福禄寿はともにカノープスの化身とされることから、この二者は本来同一のものとみなし、寿老人の代わりに吉祥天や猩猩が入れられたことがあった。
- However, since both Jurojin and Fukurokuju are supposed to be the incarnation of Canopus, they were regarded to be originally the same, and Kisshoten or Shojo was included once instead of Jurojin.
- 弥生時代後期の遺跡であるチャノバタケ遺蹟(石川県鹿西町、現・中能登町)から、1987年12月におにぎりと思われる米粒の塊が炭化したものが出土している。
- A carbonized lump of rice grains which seems to be onigiri is unearthed in the Chanobatake remains of the late Yayoi period (the early first century, Rokusei Town, current Nakanoto Town, Ishikawa Prefecture) in December 1987.
- こうして酒株制度はふたたび有名無実化したが、このことはやがて江戸後期から幕末にかけ、酒屋たちのあいだに複雑な酒株無株者と株持ちを起こさせることになる。
- In this way the sakekabu system lost substance again, which led to a complicated situation between the sake breweries with sakekabu and people without from the latter part of the Edo period to the end of it.
- これは、酒米処理の日本酒蒸しの時間を、従来の約1時間よりも、米のデンプンがアルファ化米する(糊状になる)までの20分程度に短縮するというものであった。
- This was a method to shorten the time of steaming rice for brewing sake from about one hour to about 20 minutes until rice became pregelatinized (starch gelatinization).
- しかし、関流算術を学んだ久留米藩主・有馬頼ゆきは1769年に出版した著書『拾璣算法』において関流の秘伝を公開し、和算文化の向上に大きな貢献を果たした。
- Yoriyuki ARIMA, lord of the Kurume Domain who learned arithmetic of the Seki school, revealed the mathematical secrets taught in Seki school in his 'Shuki Sanpo,' published in 1769, and contributed greatly to the advancement of wasan culture.
- タイの伝統食文化のケーン(ゲーン)と呼ばれる様々な汁物の中で、香辛料を利かせた料理を外国人が便宜上からタイカレー(Thai curry)と呼んでいる。
- Among a variety of soups called Kaeng (Gaeng), which is a traditional Thai dish, foreigners call those rich in spice Thai curry for the sake of convenience.
- インド発祥ではなく、18世紀後半のイギリスで発明され、同じころクロス・アンド・ブラックウェル(C&B)社によってはじめて商品化されたと考えられている。
- It did not originate in India but was developed in Britain during the late 18th century, and around the same time, Crosse & Blackwell (C&B) commercialized it for the first time.
- 2001年10月28日放送『所さんの目がテン!』(テーマ:大阪うどん うす味の謎)では東海道新幹線各駅のうどんつゆの色の変化を解き明かす旅が行われた。
- A TV program broadcast on October 28, 2001, 'Tokoro san no Megaten' (theme: Mystery of bland tasting Udon served in Osaka) made a trip to solve the mystery of color change of soup broth served by the Udon noodle shops at each station along the Tokaido Shinkansen railroad.
- 「篠笛」は日本で独自に考案されたものではなく、雅楽の横笛として中国大陸から伝わった「龍笛」が庶民の間にも広まって簡素化したものであろうと考えられている。
- The shinobue is not thought to have been created in Japan but is rather thought to have developed from the ryuteki flute imported from China as a yokobue (transverse flute) for gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music) and simplified as it spread throughout the common people.
- 現在では、蕎麦粉の割合が明らかに低いと思われる駅前の低価格立ち食い蕎麦店等でも「きそば」のぼりは堂々と掲げられており、その意味は希薄化してしまっている。
- Nowadays, the 'kisoba' labara are proudly displayed in front of cheap stand-up-eating soba noodle shops near the station that obviously seem to serve soba with a low percentage of buckwheat content diluting its purpose.
- 書道とは、この文字の美的表現法を規格あるしつけのもとに学習しながら、実用として生活を美化し、また趣味として心を豊かにし、個性美を表現していくことである。
- Shodo is to learn this aesthetic expression of characters under standardized training, beautify life with actual use, enrich spiritually as a pastime, and express individual beauty.
- 特に同座の中心的な太夫として活躍した毘沙王権守、およびその子金春権守が流儀の基礎を築き、権守の孫金春禅竹(五十七世宗家)にいたって飛躍的な深化を遂げた。
- The basic methods of the school were established by Bishao Gon no Kami, who was a particularly standout Tayu (leading actor in a Noh play) in the troupe, and his son Gon no Kami Konparu, then went through a dramatic deepening at the time of Gon no Kami's grandson, Zenchiku KONPARU (the fifty-seventh head of the school).
- 「江戸小紋」の名称は昭和30年(1955年)に東京都の小宮康助が重要無形文化財保持者(人間国宝)に認定された際に「京小紋」と区別するために名づけられた。
- Edo-komon' was named in order to differentiate from 'Kyo-Komon' when Kosuke KOMIYA of Tokyo was designated as the holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1955.
- 江戸時代から続く、小売店の店頭で小銭を払って酒を立ち飲みする風俗は、昭和18年に酒類が配給制となってから途絶していたが、この販売自由化によって復活した。
- The custom to pay money and drink sake in a retail shop since the Edo period was interrupted after the ration system of liquors was introduced in 1943, but revived by this liberalization of sales.
- 闇酒の横行は国民の健康を損ねるだけでなく、治安を悪化させ、政府にとっても税収の低減につながるため、合法的でなおかつ米を原料としない酒が真剣に研究された。
- Since widespread illegal liquors not only damaged people's health but also led to the deterioration of social order and the decrease of tax revenue for the government, the study of legal sake which was not made of rice was strongly promoted.
- 本来「内裏雛」とは雛人形の男雛と女雛の一対を指すが、男雛を「お内裏様」、女雛を「お雛様」と呼ぶ誤りは童謡「うれしいひなまつり」の歌詞から一般化している。
- The dairi-bina (literally, Imperial Palace's dolls) originally indicated the pair of the Hina-matsuri dolls, the obina and mebina; however, the mistakes of calling the obina 'Odairi-sama' and the mebina 'Ohina-sama' became a common practice due to the lyrics of the children's song 'Ureshii Hinamatsuri' (Happy Hina-matsuri).
- しかし、同法制定当時の制度では「現状のまま放置し、国が保護しなければ衰亡のおそれのあるもの」を選定無形文化財として選定するという、消極的保護施策であった。
- However, it was a passive protection measure, because under the law, something had to be in danger of extinction without government's protection in order to be selected as an an intangible cultural property.
- 第二次世界大戦までは日本人成人男性の主な下着となっていたが、戦後、洋装化が進んだことや、ブリーフ、トランクス等の新しい下着が出現したことで、急速に廃れた。
- Until World War II, fundoshi loincloths had been the main underwear for adult men, but, since the end of the war, they fell rapidly into disuse because of the emergence of new style underwear such as briefs, trunks and so on along with the westernization of men's wear.
- 戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱は、すでに所有している服を着ることを禁止せず、女性たちにもんぺの着用を強制するとも、衣料切符の献納を推奨するとも書かれてはいない。
- The Outline of Wartime Clothing Simplification neither prohibited women from wearing their own clothes, nor forced them to wear Monpe, nor recommended them to donate their clothing coupons.
- 近年の妖怪関連の書籍では、古い雑巾や布巾がこの妖怪に変化し、人間を襲い、体を覆う不快な粘液と全身から放つ悪臭で人を気絶させるという解説がしばしば見られる。
- The books about specters published in recent years often contains an explanation that old cleaning rag or dish towel transforms into this specter and attacks humans with unpleasant mucus and emitting an offensive odor, making people faint.
- しかしながら、彼ら酒師たちは、後世の杜氏集団ほど階級化・組織化されておらず、むしろ酒造りの仕事は、上下に階級化されるよりも、水平に幅広く分業化されていた。
- However, such sakashi people were less hierarchized and organized than latter-day toji groups; indeed, their sake brewing duties were more horizontally and widely specialized rather than vertically specialized.
- このような四段仕込みを行なうと、未熟な醪にさらに未分化な成分を加えるために、製成酒は味の日本酒味が悪く、劣化もしやすくなり、早くから日本酒香りを発しやすい
- This reformed sake using this type of yondan-jikomi has bad taste and its quality and aroma disappear quickly because it adds undissolved matter to immature mash.
- 蓋麹法より、もっと簡略化された日本酒箱麹法(はここうじほう)では麹蓋をそのまま大きくしたような麹箱(こうじばこ)、蔵人言葉では単に「箱」(はこ)を用いる。
- Hakokoji (box koji) is a simplified version of the futa-koji method and uses a larger version of the koji-bako, and is called 'hako' (box) in the language of sake brewery workers.
- 当時のレシピを見ると、このホテルニューグランドのスパゲッティナポリタンはその後大衆化したナポリタンとは違い、後述のナポリ風ソースに近い料理であったようだ。
- According to the recipe from those days, Spaghetti Naporitan in the Hotel New Grand was different from the Naporitan later popularized, but was apparently closer to the Napoli-style sauce described below.
- 戦前は「忍術使い」といった呼称が一般的だったが、戦後は村山知義、白土三平、司馬遼太郎らの作品を通して、「忍者」「忍びの者」「忍び」という呼称が一般化した。
- Before the war, their general name was 'Ninjutsu-tsukai (master of ninjutsu)', but after the war, they were generally called 'Ninja', 'Shinobi no mono', 'Shinobi' through the works of Tomoyoshi MURAYAMA, Sanpei SHIRATO and Ryotaro SHIBA.
- こうした茶室の構造は敷地の広い寺院や武家屋敷にも取り入れられるようになり、中潜りや腰掛待合とつくばいを備えた現在の茶席に見るような様式化した茶庭が成立する。
- Such configuration of tea rooms was also incorporated in temples and samurai residences with huge premises, and the Chatei stylized as in the current tea ceremony is equipped with Nakakuguri (a type of middle gate used to divide an outer tea garden from an inner tea garden), Koshikake-Machiai, and Tsukubai.
- 当時日本の伝統文化を軽視する風潮があったことにくわえ、広大なスペースと大勢の競技者が必要な犬追物は、興行にも、その稽古にも多大な費用を必要としたからである。
- Because, in addition to the tendency of ignoring Japanese traditional culture at that time, Inuoumono which required a huge space and many participants needed also tremendous amounts of money to hold its event and its training and practice.
- このため、戦後の農地改革が経て、農業もたぶんに機械化され、すっかり豊かになった昭和30年代(1955年-1964年)の日本の実態にまったく即していなかった。
- Therefore, it was far from the actual situation of Japan from 1955 to 1964 when farming had been already mechanized and affluent after the postwar agrarian reform.
- 蒸しの節減・省略はさらに進み、やがて別の工場で蒸し最初から糊状になっているアルファ化米や、白米にデンプン糖化酵素剤を加えて溶解させる液化仕込みが開発された。
- The reduction and omission of the steaming process was promoted furthermore, and soon the method using liquefied rice, that was dissolved by adding starch saccharifying enzyme to pregelatinized or polished rice which was steamed to be impasted in other factories in advance, was developed.
- 古武道(こぶどう)(古流武術、古武術等もほぼ同義)とは、日本の伝統的な、徒手もしくは鈍器や刃物、火器などの武器による闘いのための技術を体系化したものの総称。
- Kobudo is a generic name which refers to the systematized Japanese traditional martial arts to fight without arms or with arms like dull weapons, cutting tools, firearms, and so on (kobudo is sometimes called koryubujutsu, kobujutsu, etc. which have almost the same meaning as kobudo).
- 明治時代に入って文明開化の世となり、西洋の演劇に関する情報も知られるようになると、歌舞伎の荒唐無稽な筋立てや、興行の前近代的な慣習などを批判する声が上がった。
- As information about Western theatres was introduced to Japan thanks to the civilization and enlightenment movement during the Meiji period, criticisms were voiced at Kabuki for its far-fetched scenarios and outdated performance practices.
- 日本の祭事に六尺褌が多いのは、南方伝来の六尺褌が根底文化にあり、大陸文化との折衷が始まり、時代を経て簡略化された越中褌が生まれたとの説が一部で唱えられている。
- It is partly claimed that roku-shaku fundoshi (a long rectangular loincloth of about 2.4 meter length) is now largely worn on the festive occasions in Japan because the roku-shaku fundoshi imported from the south had been incorporated into the basic culture of Japan, and then the Continental culture began fusing into the Japanese culture, while fundoshi itself became simplified through the ages to the present form of Etchu fundoshi (a simple rectangular loincloth with strings).
- なお中国では隋以降、戎服(唐の常服。日本の朝服に相当するもの。束帯はこれが和様化したもの)では黄色が尊い色とされ、唐の時代になって、赭黄袍は皇帝専用となった。
- Incidentally, in the Sui Dynasty and after in China, yellow had been a noble color to be used for a military uniform (which was equivalent to the everyday clothes in the Tang Dynasty, and to the Japanese clothes 'chofuku' worn by officials when attending Court, forming the base for 'sokutai' which is the traditional formal Court dress) and in the Tang Dynasty, shaoho was designated as solely for an emperor's use.
- 初代巓崢宗弘は当時の本義を見失った祭り茶法に疑問を抱き、伝統文化としての茶道ではなく、渡世としての茶道でもなく、巓崢宗弘の言う「真の茶の湯」を追求したようだ。
- Munehiro TENSO, the first head of the school, had doubts about then matsurichaho (tea ceremony in the style of festival) losing the true meaning, and seemed to seek for 'real tea ceremony' mentioned by him, neither tea ceremony as a traditional culture nor tea ceremony as business.
- こうして町衆の人々に育まれた茶の湯や茶庭はやがて、利休の弟子で武家茶道を発達させた古田重然や小堀政一のような武将の手に移るころには、かなり内容が変化している。
- Chanoyu (tea ceremony) and Chatei were nurtured by town people as this, but its content considerably changed when they were under the management of Busho (Japanese military commander), such as Shigenari FURUTA and Masakazu KOBORI who were the disciples of Rikyu and developed Buke sado (tea ceremony of samurai family).
- 四季のある日本で、永々と培われた着物文化のひとつである帯締めには、夏の季節の仕様の織り方の帯締め紐と、春、秋、冬のスリーシーズンの仕様の紐に大きく分けられる。
- The obijime, as one of the kimono cultures that have been accumulated over a long period of time in Japan - a land of four seasons - can be largely categorized into the obijime cords that are woven in the specification for summer season and the obijime cords that have the specification for the three seasons of spring, autumn and winter.
- これらは地方によって氏神の化身とみなされる場合や、または神輿を先導する露払いの役目を持って町内を練り歩き、それをもてなす意味で沿道では賑やかな催しが行われる。
- These are sometimes regarded as an incarnation of ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) in some provinces, or parade with a role of outrider leading mikoshi, and joyous events are held along the street for the purpose of entertaining mikoshi.
- 日本酒の日本酒の歴史昭和時代後期により、杜氏の数も劇的に減少したが、1980年代以降、若者であらためて日本酒文化を見直し杜氏になろうとする人が増えてきている。
- Although the number of toji drastically decreased due to a long-term depression of sake consumption, more young people have been appreciating the sake culture and trying to be toji since the 1980s.
- また明治政府は、欧化政策の一環として国民に西洋の酒類をより多く消費させようとして、当初ビールやワインに対しては、日本酒に対するような重い課税を行なわなかった。
- In addition, at first the Meiji government did not impose heavy taxes on beer and wine like the tax on sake because it aimed to make people consume more Western liquors as part of a policy of Europeanization.
- ただし、文化 (元号)10年(1813年)ころの『風俗問答答書』には「草の餅はゝこ草をも用ひ候や」とあり、地方によってはハハコグサを用いる例も少なくなかった。
- However, from the description that 'Hahakogusa is also used for making kusamochi' which appears in 'Fuzokumondo-tosho' (Question and Answer on Cultural Matters) compiled around 1813, it is clear that many districts used hahakogusa as an ingredient.
- 飲料そのものの「味」よりも、それを「所有すること」に価値を置いたバブル期の日本人は、「文化的でオシャレで上等な飲み物」ワインを購入することに狂奔したのである。
- The Japanese who put more value on 'owning' rather than the 'taste' of the beverage itself in the bubble period made desperate efforts to buy wine which was 'cultural, stylish and high graded' beverage.
- 近年の研究では、身体能力に優れ、厳しい規律に律された諜報集団という面の他に、優れた動植物の知識や化学の知識を持つ技術者集団としての一面も持つことが判っている。
- A recent study shows that ninja was a group of engineers who had abundant knowledge of animals and plants, and chemistry as well as a group of intelligence agents who had great physical ability and were strictly disciplined.
- 2000年4月7日に京都アニメーション大阪スタジオを法人化し、新たに設立された関連会社として「アニメーションDo(商号:有限会社アニメーションドゥウ)」がある。
- Animation Do' (trade name: Animation Do Ltd.) is a newly-established subsidiary of Kyoto Animation formed by incorporating its Osaka studio on April 7, 2000.
- 平安時代や江戸時代を再現した時代行列では、あでやかな衣装を着て鬘を被るため、それに見合うように、屋外で行われる場合でも歌舞伎舞踊、民謡舞踊と同様の厚化粧をする。
- In Jidai Gyoretsu (a procession of people in historical costumes) where they reproduce the manners of the Heian and Edo Periods, people wear gorgeous costumes and wigs, and to harmonize with their costumes they wear atsugesho similar to that of Kabuki Buyo and Minyo Buyo, even if it is held outdoors.
- しかし、フグはもともと肉に弾力があり、死後硬直から旨味成分であるアミノ酸やイノシン酸が増加し、肉が軟化する24から36時間程度経過後が適しているといわれている。
- However, as pufferfish meat is originally elastic, it is said to be best eaten after 24 to 36 hours from death when their meat becomes softer after postmortem rigidity and umami components such as amino acid and inosinic acid increase.
- このため、税制の健全化を図るにはまず酒税の安定が先決であると考え、国家レベルの投資の一環として、安全醸造に普及に、ひいては醸造業の近代化に取り組んだわけである。
- For this reason, the government considered the stability of liquor tax was the most important for restoring fiscal health and tried to spread safe brewing as part of the investment of the government and as a result, a modernization of the brewing industry.
- 飲料の低アルコール化という現象そのものは日本以外の国々でも進行しつつあったし、日本でもウィスキーの水割りが一般化してきた昭和40年代にも予兆を見ることができる。
- The phenomenon of the low-alcohol drink itself was progressing also in countries other than Japan, and there was foreshadowing from 1965 to 1974 when whisky with water became popular in Japan.
- この料理は、下ごしらえに少々手間が掛かるものの、非常に食べ易い状態になっているため、児童や老人等の咀嚼力が弱い人でも食べることができ、また栄養があり消化も良い。
- This dish, taking a little time for preparation, is a food so easy to chew that even those who have a little masticatory strength, like young children or elderly people, can easily eat it and is also rich in nutrition and easy to digest.
- 篠田統、石毛直道らによると、これは伝来したものであり、その日本への伝来ルートとしては、稲作文化とともに中国は長江あたりから九州に伝来したのではないか、とみている。
- Osamu SHINODA, Naomichi ISHIGE and so on considered that this sushi had been foreign food, and had been imported to Kyushu in Japan from areas around the Yangtze River in China, along with a rice-producing culture.
- またこのような価値観の変化は道具の順序などによく表れており、先行する「正月本」では茶入を「茶入」「茶入」の順で記していたが、後の「二月本」ではこれが逆転している。
- The change in values is clearly reflected in the hierarchy of utensils; according to the 'new year edition', the order of chaire (a ceramic tea caddy used to make thick tea) was 'chaire' placed higher than 'chaire', whereas the order of the two was reversed in the later 'February edition.'
- またそれらを、鎮めるため(和御魂・荒御魂という神霊の2つの様相の変化)に建立した碑や塚や供養塔も日本各地に多数存在し、例としては包丁塚や人形塚や道具塚などがある。
- Also, many monuments, mounds and memorial towers, such as hocho-zuka (mound of kitchen knives), ningyo-zuka (mound of dolls) and dogu-zuka (mound of tools), were constructed at various places in Japan in order to assuage the anger of Tsukumogami.
- 県別の生産高では茨城県(ひたちなか市、東海村)が全国第一位となっているほか、冬のからっ風が強い群馬県、明治時代に産業化が始められた静岡県、長崎県などで生産が多い。
- Besides Ibaraki Prefecture (Tokai-mura, Hitachinaka City), which boasts the largest output among all prefectures in Japan, Gunma Prefecture, blessed with downdraft blown down from the top of mountains in winter, and Shizuoka Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture, where the manufacture of the hoshi-imo was industrialized in the Meiji period, produce lots of hoshi-imo.
- 文化文政年間は豊作の年が続き、幕府は文化3年(1806年)にふたたび文化の勝手造り令を発し、酒株を持たない者でも、新しく届出さえすれば酒造りができるようになった。
- Because of the continuous good harvest during the Bunka and Bunsei era (1804 to 1829), the bakufu promulgated the katte-zukuri decree of Bunka in 1806 which made it possible for a person who did not have sakekabu to brew sake as long as he or she filed it.
- 面単体では後頭部を保護できず、また頭髪に接する部分が汗や脂によって劣化しやすくなるため、それらの弱点を補う目的で手拭(面下、面タオルなどとも称する)が併用される。
- As the Men alone cannot protect the back of the head and the part where it touches head hair is deteriorated with sweat and grease, a tenugui cotton towel (also called as menshita or men taoru) is also used in combination with the Men to compensate for the weakness.
- 明治時代後期から昭和時代中期に至るまで約70年の時間をかけて、ゆっくりと濃醇辛口から淡麗甘口への移行が起こったことは「日本酒の淡麗甘口化」に詳しく述べられている。
- The details of the slow change of taste from thick and dry to tanrei and sweet in about 70 years from the latter part of the Meiji period to the middle of the Showa period was mentioned in the section 'The change of taste of sake to tanrei and sweet.'
- 電動餅つき機は大量の餅を作る精米店や餅菓子を販売する和菓子店、高齢化が進んだ農家等で人手が足りず人力による餅つきができなくなってきた場合により多く利用されている。
- Electric mochi pounding machines are used more where workers are insufficient and mochi pounding by human labor is impossible in a rice store having a rice mill which produces a large amount of mochi, a Japanese-cake store which sells mochi cakes, a farming household whose workers are already aged, etc.
- すり鉢は、口縁部の変化や擂り目の量の変化(新しくなるにつれて擂り目が増える)が著しい遺物であるため、考古学において遺跡の年代を決める編年の資料に使われることがある。
- Suribachi is sometimes used to date ruins in archaeology since its rim and number of ridged patterns change greatly according to its usage (a newer Suribachi has more ridged patterns).
- たとえば造形を職業とする人のなかでも、他から決められた形を機械的に生産する職人タイプの人から、自らイメージしたコンセプトを具象化していく造形作家タイプの人までいる。
- Among creators, for example, some are 'craftsman' type people who mechanically produce things according to given designs, and others are 'plastic artist' type people who embody their own idea in their works.
- 珍しい例であるが地方によってはその地方特有に個別の変化をして太鼓台そのものの外観がすっかり変わってしまったところもある(愛媛県西条市の太鼓台(曳き山)が顕著な例)。
- As a rare example, some regions have individually transformed the styles and the appearances of the taikodai into their own regional ones, which are completely different from other standard ones. (a prominent example: the taikodai (hikiyama) in Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture)
- これは日本のように、屋外にも莫大な数の自動販売機(清涼飲料用)が設置されている国が世界的に類がなく、また「アイスコーヒー」という文化があまり馴染みがないためでもある。
- That may have been caused by the fact that Japan is a globally unparalleled country where a huge number of vending machines (selling soft drinks) installed outdoors and the fact that in the Western countries the culture of 'Ice coffee' is not familiar.
- 1957年に経営難から閉鎖された後は、大阪では地域の有志が寺や公民館、蕎麦屋などを会場に「地域寄席」という形で寄席文化を継承してきた(「田辺寄席」「岩田寄席」など)。
- After 1957, when the theater closed due to financial difficulties, the yose culture in Osaka was kept by local supporters in the style of 'local yose' by using temples, civic halls and soba-noodle shops as rakugo theaters (for example, 'Tanabe yose' and 'Iwata yose').
- 式正茶法は秋元瑞阿弥が体系化し、式正織部流(しきせい おりべりゅう)と称して千葉県市川市国府台の織部桔梗会が教授にあたっており、千葉県指定文化財一覧に指定されている。
- The Shikisei tea ceremony was systemized by Zuiami AKIMOTO and referred to as the Shikisei Oribe School, and the Oribe Kikyokai Association in Konodai, Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture provides instruction and is designated as an Intangible Cultural Asset by Chiba Prefecture.
- が、しかし、日本が欧風化していくに当たって、華やかな西洋の宝飾品に対抗できる和装品の一つとして、髪飾りとともに、宝石を使った帯留が、戦前から上流階級でもてはやされた。
- However, as Japan westernized, obidome studded with jewels gained popularity among people in the upper class along with hair accessories since the prewar period, because Japan needed Japanese-style jewels that could match the western gorgeous jewels.
- 男性がこの舞を舞うときは伝説に則して竜頭を模した仮面を用いるが、女性や子供が舞う場合は優しい顔立ちであった高長恭になぞらえてか化粧を施しただけの素顔で舞うこともある。
- When a male dances Ranryo-o, he wears a dragonhead shaped mask in accordance with the legend, but when a female or a child dances the number, he or she only wears makeup without a mask possibly because of imitating the graceful feature of Changgong GAO.
- 奈良菩提山正暦寺で産する銘酒『菩提泉』を醸す菩提酛(ぼだいもと)という酒母や、今でいう高温糖化法の一種である煮酛(にもと)などの技術によって優れた清酒を醸造していた。
- High quality seishu was brewed by techniques such as using a yeast mash named bodaimoto which brewed a well-known brand sake 'Bodaisen' at the Shoryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Bodai in Nara, and nimoto (a manufacturing process of yeast mash) what is now called a kind of high-temperature saccharification method.
- 政府側は嘆願書に署名した蔵元を処罰するなどして鎮静化を図ったが、酒造税をめぐる酒蔵たちと明治政府のあいだの攻防は収まる気配をみせず、以後三十年近くにも及ぶことになる。
- The government tried to calm the protests by punishing Kuramoto (sake brewer) who signed the petition, but the battle on liquor tax between sake breweries and the Meiji government did not end and continued for more than 30 years.
- 主に北関東の山車祭りにおいては祭囃子の奏者、御輿の担ぎ手、山車の引き手となる少年少女が厚化粧をする場合が多い(浜松まつり(浜松市)も同様)(南関東は素顔の場合が多い)。
- Mainly in the Northern Kanto region, boys and girls who take part in dashi matsuri (float festival) as players of matsuri-bayashi (Japanese festival music), carriers of mikoshi (a portable shrine), and haulers of dashi (a float) often wear atsugesho (the same as with Hamamatsu Matsuri (Hamamatsu City)) (in the Southern Kanto region they usually do not wear makeup).
- 一説には、世の中が安定期に入るにつれ文化に対する民衆の関心が高まり、娘に舞踊を習わせる習慣が生まれたが、その際に身振りを美しく見せるために袖を長大化させていったという。
- According to one theory, the onset of an era of peace and stability was accompanied by growing interest in cultural pursuits among the general populace, leading to the rise of a new custom of having one's daughters learn how to dance, and that kimono sleeves were lengthened during this time in order to show off one's motions more gracefully.
- 江戸期謡曲「千歳楽」が現在の倉敷市連島で創作され流行、太鼓台を担ぐ際謡曲「千歳楽」を唄うことがこの界隈で普遍化し太鼓台自体を「千歳楽」と呼ぶようになったとする説が有力。
- A predominant theory suggests that the derivation of 'senzairaku' from taikodai lie on the fact that a newly created Noh song 'senzairaku' during the Edo period in now Tsurajima, Kurashiki City became so popular that people generally chanted the song in shouldering the taikodai in their neighborhoods, which led to call the taikodai itself 'senzairaku.'
- 武士が国家の中心勢力としての地位を確立するにいたって、日本は大陸の儒教文化圏からは異なった、古武道と為政者がその習得を行うことに上位の価値を認める文化の形成を開始した。
- As the samurai class established its status as the core power of the nation, Japan began seceding from the Confucian cultural sphere and forming its own unique culture under which the ruler highly valued Kobudo and its training.
- 平安中期の物語『源氏物語』において、六条御息所が祭り見物の牛車の場所取り争いで葵 (源氏物語)に敗れ、その怨念が妖怪と化したという話が、朧車のもとになったという説がある。
- According to another interpretation, Oboro-guruma is based on a specter in the 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) in the mid Heian period that the revenge of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro who had lost to Aoi (Genji Monogatari) in the struggle to get a better place to see a festival turned into.
- 1996年(平成8年)に農業で地域活性化を目指した「福智町農業総合プロジェクト」が発足し、その一環でそばが注目され2001年(平成13年)から本格的なソバ栽培に取り組む。
- In 1996, the Fukuchi-machi Comprehensive Agricultural Project was inaugurated with the objective to revitalize the area by farming and, during that project, soba attracted sufficient interest to start full-scale soba farming since 2001, in the area.
- 政府の要人の場合は、洋服を着ることにより、日本が西欧の進んだ科学技術を学び近代化をめざす意欲を西洋の外国人にアピールし、交渉などを有利に進める目的があったといわれている。
- It is considered that leading political figures wore Western clothes to show that Japan was committed to absorb advanced science and technology from the Western countries and modernize the country as a gesture in order to be advantageous in talks with the Western countries.
- 古来は喪の礼装であるため、長着の下に留袖と同じく白い下着(重ね)を着ていたが、現在では礼装の軽装化と「喪が重なる」と忌むことなどもあり下着は用いられないのが一般的である。
- As Mofuku has been a formal mourning dress, people wore Nagagi on top of a white undergarment in olden times, but these days, partly because the formal dresses are being simplified, and partly because people observe a taboo against wearing layers of clothing that may be associated with having another mourning, an undergarment is not used for Mofuku.
- また鳥山石燕の妖怪画集『百器徒然袋』にある不落不落は、石燕による解説文では狐火の妖怪とされているが、画図では提灯として描かれているために提灯お化けの一種だとする説もある。
- 'Burabura' in 'Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro', a collection of ghost prints by Sekien TORIYAMA, is described as the ghost of a fire fox by the author, but it is drawn as a lantern, and so there is a view that it is a kind of a lantern ghost.
- しかし、戦況が悪化し本土決戦が近づくと、それにそなえて大日本婦人会は解散、また、急速に物資が欠乏して木綿も入手できなくなったため、婦人の服装ももんぺ姿へと変わっていった。
- But as the war situation worsened and the homeland defense war drew near, the Japan Women's Association was dissolved to prepare for it, and people began running out of goods rapidly and cotton became impossible to come by; as a result, women began to wear monpe (women's work pants).
- 室町時代には抹茶を入れる容器として価値を高め、室礼の様式化に伴って優品が選ばれるようになると(『君台観左右帳記』を参照)、特に優れた物には銘が与えられて「名物」となった。
- During the Muromachi period the value of chaire was enhanced as a container for powdered green tea, and when better pieces began to be selected with the progress of formalization of shitsurai (placing decorations suitable for a season or ritual onto appropriate indoor places) (see 'Kundaikansochoki' (book of secrets about zashiki-kazari (decoration of room or study with shoin (one of Japan's most important residential architectural styles, established in Momoyama era)))), especially excellent pieces were given a name and ranked as 'masterpieces.'
- 美しい紅をふんだんに使う化粧が女性の憧れであり、大金を稼ぐ遊女は唇に止まらず「爪紅」といって手足の爪にほんのりと紅を差したり、耳たぶにも薄く紅を差して色っぽさを演出した。
- The makeup which needed plenty of beni attracted women, and yujo (prostitutes in the Edo period) who earned a great deal of money slightly applied beni to their fingernails and toenails (this method was called 'tsuma beni', which literally means 'red nail') and their earlobes as well as their lips, in order to make themselves look more sexy.
- - 江戸時代に隆盛を極めた祭り文化により、市や縁日や温泉場で行われた弓矢や吹き矢の射的の的で、板でできた書割りで仕掛けが施してあり、当たった場所により的の書割りが動いた。
- Born in the festival culture that flourished in the Edo period, karakuri mato was a target for an arrow (or a blowgun dart), whose painted board had a device that made a comical movement when the archer shot it appropriately.
- よって、そもそも須須許里なる人物が実在したかどうかも不明であるが、いずれにせよ百済からの帰化人が用いた醸造法ということであれば、当然それは麹によるものであったに違いない。
- Therefore, it is not sure whether a person named Susukori actually existed or not, but anyway if it was made in the brewing method by a naturalized citizen from Baekje, it must have been a sake brewed by rice malt.
- 銃刀法に定める範囲の古式銃の所持は、現代銃と異なり属人的な免許・許可ではなく、属物的な登録制で、登録は都道府県教育委員会の所管(かつては文化財保護委員会であった)である。
- As stipulated in the Firearm and Sword Control Law, in order to possess modern guns, he or she has to be licensed or permitted to do so, while in order to possess ancient guns, the guns themselves must be registered, which is under the jurisdiction of prefectural boards of education (formerly, under the jurisdiction of the Commission for the Protection of Cultural Properties).
- 従来の寿司店の高級化傾向に対し、廉価さ、手軽さ、会計の明朗さで大衆客のニーズをとらえ、1970年代以降全国的に広まり、今ではファミリーレストランの競争相手にもなっている。
- While traditional sushi restaurants tended to be exclusive, Kaitenzushi restaurants have satisfied the needs of ordinary people by providing low price, convenience, simple billing, and have spread nationwide since 1970's and have become the competitors of family restaurants.
- 大内氏の場合は、勘合貿易による富や大陸文化の摂取もあって、城下町の山口市には画僧雪舟をはじめ、多くの僧侶・学者・公家が集まり、「大内版」とよばれる出版事業もおこなわれた。
- Since the Ouchi clan accumulated wealth by the tally trade and adopted the culture of the continent, many priests, scholars, and court nobles including an artist monk, Sesshu, gathered at its castle town in Yamaguchi City, where a publishing business called 'Ouchi printing' was also carried out.
- 1999年(平成11年)から2000年(平成12年)にかけて、上方落語協会は浪曲親友協会などと共に、大阪に東京同様の国立演芸場の開設を求めて文化庁などに働きかけを行った。
- From 1999 to 2000 the Kamigata Rakugo Association and the Friends of Rokyoku lobbied the Agency for Cultural Affairs for the establishment of a national engei hall in Osaka as in Tokyo.
- 舞妓変身、時代劇、宝塚歌劇、等の変身スタジオ(京都市内に多い)では、それぞれの役柄に応じて実際の舞妓、芸妓、俳優と同じ衣装、鬘が用意され、同じ厚化粧をして貰える場合が多い。
- Transformational studios (many are found in Kyoto City), such as maiko makeovers, jidaigeki, Takarazuka Revue, and so on, often provide the same costumes and wigs as actual maiko, geigi or actors depending on their roles, as well as assist in putting on atsugesho.
- 機械麺が一般化する以前は、素麺は手延べ工程により生地を細くするため断面が丸く、ひやむぎは生地を薄く打ち延ばしてから細く切るため断面が四角になっている、という見分け方も出来た。
- Before machine-made noodles became popular, somen having a round cross section due to making the dough thinner through the hand-stretching process could be distinguished from cold noodles having a square cross section due to its process of drawing out the dough and shredding it.
- これより帯の巨大化に伴って帯を後ろ結びにする風習が若い娘から堅気の女性一般に広まり、より帯結びが複雑化し豪奢な帯が求められるなど、日本の服飾史にとっては大きな転回点となった。
- Since then, as the obi grew longer and bigger, the practice of tying it in the back spread from young ladies to decent women in general, and a more luxurious obi were sought as obi tying became more complex, resulting in a great turning point in the history of Japanese fashion.
- 紀元前10000年頃を起源とする日本の芸術文化は、歴史的に見ると新文化あるいは外国の考えが突然流入してくる時期があり、その後に海外との接触がほとんどない時期が長く続いている。
- Japanese art culture, originating in 10000 B.C. was descended from the period when new culture or foreign concepts was introduced all of a sudden, followed by the long period when cultural exchange was interrupted.
- また、1765年に酒田市の豪商・本間家3代本間光丘は、京都の祇園祭山鉾巡行に習い、山王祭りを盛大にすることによって酒田の町を活性化させようと京都の人形師に山車製作を依頼した。
- Also in 1765, Mitsuoka HOMMA, the 3rd generation of the Homma family and a great merchant from Sakata City, asked a puppet maker in Kyoto for float production to stimulate the town of Sakata with a big Sanno Festival like Yamahoko-junko (a parade of beautifully decorated floats) of the Gion Festival in Kyoto.
- そのために本来の胡弓との間に混同が生じており、問題化している(中国の擦弦楽器との区別のため和楽器の胡弓が「和胡弓」「大和胡弓」「日本胡弓」といった名称で呼ばれることもある)。
- Therefore, confusion between original Kokyu and these Chinese stringed instruments is generated, causing a problem (to differentiate from these Chinese stringed instruments, Japanese Kokyu is sometimes called 'Wa-Kokyu,' 'Yamato-Kokyu' or 'Japanese Kokyu' - both 'Wa' and 'Yamato' mean Japan or Japanese).
- 1960年代の欧米の文化人やロック (音楽)ミュージシャンの間では、東洋的な思想や宗教が流行したことがあり、中には着物(あるいは着物に似せてデザインした服)を着る者も見られた。
- During the 1960s, there was a trend among western intellectuals and rock musicians to study Eastern Thoughts and religions, and some of them wore Kimono or clothes modeled after Kimono.
- ビールにソーセージ、シャブリ(辛口の白ワイン)に生カキ (貝)、というように、紋切り型な肴が割り当てられている場合があるが、ここでは主に日本酒の肴に特化したものについて述べる。
- Fixed sakana is often stereotypically arranged with a specific drink as seen in the examples of sausage for beer or raw oysters for Chablis (dry white wine), and in what follows, sakana specific to sake will be discussed.
- これを受け2008年6月18日、農林水産省はそのようなうなぎが農林物資の規格化及び品質表示の適正化に関する法律に違反しているとして業界団体等に適正な表示を依頼する文書を発出した
- With this, on June 18, 2008, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries released a written statement requesting the industry groups use appropriate labeling, because these activities violated the laws related to the Act of Standardization and Proper Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降、小麦粉をつなぎとして使用し始めたことにより、二八蕎麦が一般大衆化したため、高級店が品質の良さを強調するキャッチコピーとして「生蕎麦」を使うようになった。
- Subsequent to the middle of the Edo period, however, since nihachi soba became common, with wheat flour being introduced as a binding agent, upscale soba restaurants started to imitate using the term 'kisoba' to emphasize the good quality of their noodles.
- 例えば近代以降のクラシック音楽ならば「個人的な解釈の違い」となるべきところを、集団で、伝統としてある程度、固定化して引継いでゆくところに流儀というものの特異性があるといっていい。
- Ryugi is unique in that the differences from other schools are fixed to some degree and handed down as traditions within the group, while, for example, in western classical music of modern age and thereafter, differences in interpretation of music are considered to be only 'personal'.
- 「昔1かんの寿司を2つに切って提供したなごりで、寿司2つで1かんという」とした説も、同時期に頻繁にメディアに登場したが、握り寿司を2つに切って提供することが標準化した時代はない。
- A theory that 'sushi in pairs came to be counted as one kan as a remnant of serving of one kan of sushi cut into two pieces in olden days' frequently appeared in the media at the same time, but there were no periods when it was standardized to serve Nigiri-zushi cut into two pieces.
- 呂中干ノ地ものは、定型的な譜(=呂中干ノ地)を繰り返しながら、段落で少し変化(オロシ)をつけながらも、さらに定型的な譜を繰り返し、少しづつ位(速度)を早めていく舞事の総称である。
- Ryochukan no ji mono is used as the term to collectively call the mai-goto in which a standard score (Ryochukan no ji) is played repeatedly and is changed slightly at each break point, and then the slightly changed standard score is played repeatedly with the tempo gradually increased.
- 仏教、密教、ヒンドゥー教などのインド文化を起源とするものや五節句や二十四節気など中華文明の風俗習慣を起源に持つ物も存在し、それらが日本古来の神道と渾然一体となっているものもある。
- Some are derived from Indian culture such as Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism and Hinduism, some originates from manners and customs of civilization in China such as five seasonal festivals and Nijushisekki (24 divisions of the old calendar), and in some cases these elements have been blended together with the Japanese traditional Shinto.
- また海外との交易によって禅宗をはじめとする大陸文化が伝えられると、武家はその影響を受けながらも、みずからの力強さ、簡潔さと公家文化の伝統美を融合させ、新しい武家文化を開化させた。
- As the culture of the continent including Zen Buddhism was introduced by the trade with foreign nations, the warrior class, even after being influenced by it, blended the strength and simplicity of its own culture with the traditional beauty of court noble's, and created a new culture of the warrior class.
- 文明開化に始まる日本の近代化の過程では洋食はハイカラな存在であり、また、洋食に適した食材を供給する諸産業も成熟していなかったことから戦前・戦中の庶民にとっては高価なご馳走であった。
- From the process of modernization, which began in the civilization and enlightenment age in the Meiji period, until after the war, Yoshoku was considered rakish and expensive for common people due to the fact that the industries which supplied food materials for Yoshoku had not been developed yet.
- 安土桃山時代、南蛮貿易によって商品流通が国際化すると、他所酒のなかには南蛮酒として琉球の泡盛、中国・朝鮮の珍酒や薬草酒、アラビアや地中海方面からのアラックやワインなども入ってきた。
- In the Azuchi-Momoyama period, commercial distribution was internationalized by the trade with Spain and Portugal, and sake of southern barbarians, Awamori from Ryukyu, a rare sake and herb liquor from China and Korea, arak (anise-flavored liqueur) and wine from Arabia and the Mediterranean regions also entered Kyoto as yosozake.
- 陶器としては「なんの変哲もない褐釉小壺」(西田宏子『唐物茶入』まえがき/根津美術館/2005)に過ぎず、これらの微妙な個性に美しさを見出す点は茶道文化の際立った特異性となっている。
- As ceramics, it is nothing more than 'an unremarkable small brown glazed pot'(as referred to in the preface of 'Karamono Chaire' (Chinese-Style Tea Canisters) written by Hiroko NISHIDA/Nezu Museum/2005), and finding beauty in chaire's subtle individuality is remarkably peculiar to tea ceremony culture.
- これを受けてワイナリーと称する専業生産者も本腰をいれるようになり、欧州本場に倣った垣根式の栽培法を取り入れ、害虫に強いヨーロッパ系新種のワイン用に特化したブドウ栽培を展開し始めた。
- As a result, specialist manufacturers called wineries became serious about winemaking, and introduced cultivation method emulating European hedging styles, and began to develop specially cultivated insect resistant grape varieties from European strains.
- その形態、生態がきわめて特徴的でユーモラスでもあり、また茹でると真っ赤になるなどの性質から、よく漫画や映画、テレビでキャラクター化される(しばしば胴体に鉢巻を巻いた姿で描かれる)。
- It is often depicted as a character in comics, movies and television because its form and ecology are so unique and humorous, and because it has a characteristic of becoming bright red when boiled (it is frequently portrayed as a figure with a hachimaki headband wrapped around its torso).
- この地域はソバ栽培に適した条件が整っていたことや国営総合農地開発事業にて拡大化した農地の活用方法として1992年(平成4年)からソバ栽培に取り組み、それに伴って蕎麦屋も開店している。
- As this area has the proper conditions for growing buckwheat and to utilize the increased farm land as part of the national comprehensive agricultural land development project, buckwheat cultivation began in 1992 and, as a consequence, soba restaurants started to open.
- しかし、江戸末期から昭和や平成に至るまで、その時代時代の民俗学者の著書の発行と民俗学による権威付けが、妖怪という日本の民族文化の衰退の歯止めとして、一役買ったことは否めないであろう。
- However, from the end of the Edo period until the Showa and Heisei periods, it cannot be denied that publications of books by folklorists of the time and the prestige placed by folklore played a role in preventing the disappearance of yokai as an ethnic culture of Japan.
- こうして徐々に定着した西洋風の食習慣が高度経済成長期以降、国民所得の増加及び食文化の変化とともに家庭へと普及し、現在では日本の家庭の食卓をかざる惣菜等として定着するにまで至っている。
- Western eating habits began to spread in Japanese households gradually in accordance with an increase in national income and a change in food culture following a period of high economic growth, and Yoshoku is now a daily dish in Japanese households.
- 江戸時代後期には「笹紅」といって下唇に何度も紅を塗りつけて金緑に光らせる化粧が流行したが、高価な紅をふんだんに使うため売れっ妓の遊女などを除いては下地に墨を塗って紅を節約したと言う。
- In the latter part of the Edo period, the makeup method in which women applied beni to their lower lips repeatedly to make the lips shine like gold-green was in fashion and this method was called 'sasa beni' (which literally means 'bamboo leaf red'), but women except for popular yujo applied black ink under beni to save beni because this method required plenty of beni, which was very expensive.
- 1997年には、物見を中心にして数本の面金(横金)を省略し、その部分を透明なポリカーボネート樹脂板で覆った構造の面(商品名:武楯面(むじゅんめん))が長谷川化学工業から商品化された。
- In 1997, a new-type of Men of which several mengame (yokogane) nearby monomi are removed and the part is covered with a transparent polycarbonate resin board (product name: Mujumen) was commercially manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- さらに、領民のあいだから醸造技能に優れた者が輩出すると、蔵屋敷などを通して先進地域への出稼ぎ先を斡旋したりと、藩をあげて杜氏集団と蔵元地域とのつながりを強化しようとしたところも多い。
- In many of such clans, furthermore, they unanimously worked to enhance relations between toji groups and sake brewing districts by arranging places to work during the agricultural off-season in some advanced sake-brewing regions through kurayashiki (a warehouse and sales office for rice and other local products maintained by daimyo in the Edo period) when those who had great brewing skills appeared.
- 1894年(明治27年)から1895年にかけての日清戦争に勝利した明治政府は、安全醸造の行なえる醸造業の近代化も国家戦略の一部としてとらえ、西洋の微生物学を導入して積極的に支援した。
- The Meiji government, which won the Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895, regarded the modernization of brewery industry which enabled safe brewing as part of national strategy and aggressively supported it by introducing microbiology of Western countries.
- こういった中で鮮度と産地を重視する江戸料理が生まれ、八寸や口取りから始まるコース化した日本料理の先駆けとなった本膳料理とともに、今日の高級な料理の骨子と要素を構築したといわれている。
- It is said that Edo dishes, in which great importance was placed on the freshness and origin of the foodstuffs, were generated under these circumstances, thereby establishing the core and elements of today's high-class dishes together with honzen ryori (formally arranged dinners) that set the precedent for nihon-ryori being a course meal that starts with hassun (a relish) and kuchitori (a side dish).
- 八田が結婚して移り住んだ京都府宇治市に由来して「京都アニメスタジオ」と名乗っていたが、のちに「京都アニメーション」に改称、夫の英明を社長に据え、1985年に有限会社として法人化される。
- HATTA called her business 'Kyoto Anime Studio' due to her move to Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture after getting married, but later she renamed it 'Kyoto Animation' and incorporated it as a limited private company, appointing her husband Hideaki as president.
- しかし、いまや高度成長を経てどんな山奥の僻村でも酒類が入手でき、都市部ではどこでも自動販売機で缶ビールやワンカップが買えるようになったこの時代、消費の形態にも次なる変化が起こっていた。
- However, the consumption style of people changed again during this period, when people could get liquors at any remote village in the heart of a mountain and buy canned beer or one cup sake from vending machines in towns after the high-growth period.
- 自然破壊や、設置期間の終了後にゴミになるなど環境問題などの関係や、藁など材料の入手難、集合住宅の発達など社会環境の変化などからか、画像の様な本格的な門松が設置されることは少なくなった。
- Fewer people put up full-scale kadomatsu such as those seen in pictures probably due to a combination of concerns regarding the destruction of nature, environmental issues such as the used kadomatsu after the display period, the difficulty in obtaining straws and other materials, and the change in the social environment such as in the development of apartment buildings.
- 3. 「わざ」の性格上個人的特色が薄く、かつ、多数の者が体得している「わざ」が全体として1つの無形文化財を構成している場合に、その人々が構成員となっている団体を認定する「保持団体認定」。
- 3. 'Hojidantai nintei' refers to giving a group holder recognition to a group, when all members corporate to create intangible cultural property, bringing their individual skills altogether, rather than emphasizing each individuality.
- どんどん焼きが進化したもので、大正時代の近畿地方にて、水で溶いた小麦粉を焼いて、刻みネギなど乗せて焼いた物に、ソースをかけた物が出されていた物が一銭洋食として駄菓子屋などで売り出された。
- It was evolved from the dondon-yaki (okonomiyaki wrapped around a wooden stick to take away), and in the Taisho period wheat flour mixed with water and baked with chopped green onion and sauce added onto it was sold at mom-and-pop candy stores in the Kinki region.
- 1871年に陸軍や官僚の制服を西洋風に改めることを定めた天皇の勅諭(太政官布告399号「爾今禮服ニハ洋服ヲ採用ス」)が発せられた以後、警官・鉄道員・教員などが順次服装を西洋化していった。
- Since 1871 when the Imperial instruction to make western style uniforms for the army and government officials was issued (Grand Council Proclamations No. 399), police officers, railway workers, and teachers adapted western clothes as their working clothes.
- いっぽう「茶道」の立場からは、茶道の精神論が到達した一つの頂点として捉えられる(但し『南方録』に見られるような秘伝によって複雑化した茶道体系と、利休の茶はかならずしも同一の物ではない)。
- On the other hand, viewing from the perspective of 'Sado,' it is considered to be one of the heights where Sado's idealism reached (although the tea-ceremony system complicated by secret teachings, like the ones in 'Nanboroku,' is not necessarily the same with Rikyu's style).
- 温度調節機が内蔵されている家庭用タイプのアイロンでは温度が低く焼き合わせに時間を要し、またうまくいったように見ても接合強度が弱いので経年変化とともに剥離する可能性があるため使用されない。
- The irons for household with a temperature control function are not used for the following reasons: With the temperature of these irons being low, it takes much time to burn the leaves together, and if it seems to be done, the leaves cannot be jointed strong enough and may be peeled due to aging.
- 1923年の関東大震災では、身体の動作を妨げる構造である和服を着用していた女性の被害が多かったことから、翌1924年に「東京婦人子供服組合」が発足し、女性の服装にも西洋化が進むことになる。
- When the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in 1923, a great number of women in Japanese clothing were victimized because of the nature of Japanese clothing that restricts movement of the body; in the next year 1924, 'Tokyo Women and Children Clothing Association' started, and since then, clothing for Japanese women has been westernized.
- これは昭和12年(1937年)以降、もしくはもっと古く大正時代以降の小さな変化や事件の重層的な積み重ねの結果であり、構造変化が目に見えるかたちとなって現れたのがたまたま昭和48年であった。
- This was caused by a multilayered pile of small changes and incidents since 1937 or even far Taisho period, and the structural change happened in visible way in 1973.
- ハモの水揚げが多くない京都においてなぜハモを食べる文化が発達したかについては、輸送技術が発達していなかった頃、夏に京都まで生きたまま輸送できた、生命力の非常に強い数少ない魚だったことによる。
- The reason why Kyoto, even though conger pike is not caught in the area so much, has developed a tradition to eat it is because it is one of the handful of fish with very strong vitality which could be transported live to Kyoto in the summer before modern high-speed transport developed.
- 初期の缶コーヒーは乳成分が分離することがよくあった(缶の内部に付着するため「リング」と呼ばれた)ため、よく振ってから飲用しなければならなかったが、乳化剤の発達により振る必要はほぼ無くなった。
- As milk constituent is used to be frequently separated in the case of earlier canned coffee (called 'Ring' due to the constituent being attached to the interior wall of cans), cans had to be shaked before drinking, which became almost unnecessary due to the development of emulsifiers.
- 半襦袢に代わって足首までを覆う長襦袢が広く使われるようになってからは、裾除けは、下着としての「湯文字(腰巻)」と、裾裏に縫い付けて裾が纏わりつくのを防ぐための「裾回し(八掛)」とに分化した。
- After nagajuban covering down to ankles became widespread instead of hanjuban, susoyoke petticoat was divided to yumoji (koshimaki), an inner wear, and susomawashi (lining at the bottom of a kimono) (or hakkake (inside cloth used around cuff and hem)), which are sewed on behind hem to stop hem cling.
- 民話研究家・佐々木喜善の著書『聴耳草紙』には、履き物を粗末にする者の家で、夜間に履き物が化け物となって「カラリン、コロリン、カンコロリン、まなぐ三つに歯二ん枚」と歌い出したという怪異がある。
- In a book titled 'Kikimimi soshi' (a collection of folktales) written by Kizen SASAKI who studied folktales, there is a mysterious story; one night, a footwear turned to be a monster and started singing, 'kararin, kororin, kankororin, I have three eyes and two teeth', in a house in which the family were careless about footwear.
- 1966年、歌舞伎座で演じた『廓文章』(吉田屋)の伊左衛門が好劇家から高い評価を受け、それまでどちらかといえば独特な持味はあるものの、手堅いだけとされていた仁左衛門の演技に変化がおとずれる。
- In 1966, Nizaemon's portrayal of Izaemon in 'Kuruwa-Bunsho' (Yoshida-ya) at the Kabuki-za theater received a high reputation from play lovers, and Nizaemon's acting, which until then had been called merely reliable despite its unique characteristics, started to vary.
- また、藁塚や密教塚のように藁屑や焼却灰まで集積した塚などの思想が、藁屑や焼却灰や下肥などを肥料にし流通に乗せ、経済振興と大豆食文化などに繋がる穀倉地や、穀物農耕の隆盛の一端を担ったともいえる。
- Additionally, it can be said that thinking on the mounds of wara zuka (a mound for rice straw) and mikkyo zuka (esoteric Buddhism mound) stacking straw bits and even ashes, caused the conversion of the straw bits, ashes and human wastes into fertilizers and put them into distribution to partly contribute to the development of grain-growing region related to economic growth and food culture of soybeans as well as to the development of grain farming.
- また、貸しおしぼり業者の一部には企業舎弟として暴力団と繋がりを持ち、法外な価格で飲食店におしぼりを提供して「みかじめ料」を得ているものが見られ、犯罪組織の資金源の一つとして社会問題化している。
- Some oshibori rental companies have connections with gangster organizations and these companies charge restaurants exorbitant fees as 'bodyguard service fees' for oshibori services, creating social problems by providing sources of finance for criminal organizations.
- 行政の要請に基づき組織化され、事業している場合、行政の観光政策の一環を担っているという使命感のあるうちはいいが、それが変質し、行政施策に「協力してやっている」という意識に変質していく恐れがある。
- Where volunteer groups are organized and operated based on the demands of administrative bodies, there are few problems as long as there is a sense of duty as being part of a tourism policy but there is a fear that this can change to an attitude of merely cooperating with the tourism policy.
- 「うまい本物の蕎麦を作って食べよう」という発想から生まれ、併せて郷土料理を食べたり大崎地区の伝統芸能を鑑賞できる等地域活性化の催しとなっている「大崎そばの会」が1978年(昭和53年)に誕生した。
- Osaki Soba Festival was created based on the idea to make and eat real good tasting soba in 1978, is an event fostering regional vitalization where people can sample local specialty food items and enjoy the traditional performing arts of the Osaki area.
- 1980年代以降、建て売り住宅の一般化、近所づきあいの希薄化などのため上棟式自体が減少したが、餅まき自体は神社や地域の祭り(ごく一部の大学祭でも見られる)などの際に、祝い事として広く行われている。
- From the 1980s, jotoshiki itself has become rarer for various reasons, such as the increase of prefabricated houses and the decrease of people's mixing with neighbors, but mochimaki is still held as a happy event in shrines' festivals, local communities' festivals, and some universities' festivals.
- その理由として、戦国期においては鎧武者による射撃に適さないことや鉄砲狭間からの射掛けにおいて邪魔であるという用兵上の事情、泰平期においては流儀による形態・射法の継承による硬直化等が指摘されている。
- As for the reason, it is pointed out that it was not appropriate for armored warriors to shoot during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), that it was cumbersome to shoot from gun crenels in tactics, and during peaceful periods the form and style of shooting was inherited through tradition and were rigidified.
- 機械製麺の発祥地で、真崎照郷が1874年(明治7年)素麺の製麺を手延べから機械化する事を思い立ち鉄工場を始め、1883年(明治16年)に製麺機を発明(1880年(明治13年)発明との話もある)した。
- This is the birthplace of machine production, where Terusato MASAKI established an iron shop in 1874 conceiving the mechanization of noodles from the hand-stretching method and invented a noodle making machine in 1883 (another theory says 1880).
- 四段掛け(よんだんがけ / よだんがけ)とは、おもに日本酒普通酒などにおいて、醗酵が完了する直前に、日本酒日本酒度や日本酒甘辛度を微調整する目的で、酵素剤によって糖化した少量の蒸米を加えることである。
- Yondangake (or Yodangake) means to add a small amount of steamed rice that has been saccharified by enzymes at the last stage of fermentation for in order to slightly adjust the alcohol level or mildness or dryness of the sake.
- 一方で、神幸行列などにおいて馬上であることは特別なことではなく、また装飾と化粧は風流でも見られるものであり、前述の特徴は宗教的な意味が特に強いものではなく、ヒトツモノは依坐ではなかったとの解釈もある。
- On the other hand, there is a different interpretation that Hitotsumono was not a yorishiro because the characteristics described previously didn't have special religious meanings; a horseback riding in a divine procession was not unique, and furyu also had decoration and make-up.
- こうした背景には、現役の杜氏の高齢化とともに、以前は貧しい寒村であるがゆえに杜氏集団を輩出してきた地方が、農業や漁業だけでも暮らしていける社会になり、出稼ぎに行く必要がなくなったという時代的趨勢がある。
- Such situation is influenced by the aging of active toji people and the current trend in which the regions which used to produce toji groups due to their poverty are now transformed into the community which enables people to make enough income only by farming or fishing, without going to another place for work anymore.
- 洋酒に関する輸入関税の緩和や、日本の食文化の多様化、ポリフェノール効果によるブームなども手伝って、近年ようやく本格的なワインが理解されるようになり、国内での品質の高いワイン生産を促進させる下地となった。
- Due in part to moderation of import taxes on foreign wines, a diversification of Japanese food culture, and growing awareness of the beneficial effects of polyphenol, an understanding of real wine in recent years has come about, also a groundwork has been laid out by the promotion of high quality domestically produced wines.
- 「御膳しるこ」(「改良ぜんざい」→「文化しるこ」→「ぜんざい公社」→「マキシム・ド・ゼンザイ」。元は江戸落語からの移植)のように多くの演者によって手が加えられていくうちに演題が変わっていったものもある。
- As in the case of 'Royal Shiruko' (sweet-bean soup with a rice cake) (which changed from 'Revised Zenzai' (sweet-bean past with a rice cake) to 'Cultural Shiruko,' which was modified as 'Zenzai Co., Ltd.' which in turn changed to 'Maxim's de Zenzai,' all of which goes back to a routine transplanted from Edo rakugo), some routines were revised by many storytellers so that their contents changed over time.
- 昭和7年(1932年)10月 日午前3時30分ごろ、大谷光瑞が全精力を注ぎ込み、英才教育の推進や建築、園芸、西域探検などの調査、研究を通じて、教団を近代化に導く舞台とした二楽荘は、不審火によって焼失した。
- Around 3:30 in October 1932, Nirakuso was burned down by suspicious file where Kozui Otani put their full energy and the temple was led to modernization through the implementation of special education, architecture, horticulture and research and studies like western area expedition.
- 1970年代(昭和40年代)までは食料品店(酒屋、三河屋)などで醤油や味噌が樽から量り売りされていたが、流通の変化などで量り売りは姿を消し、袋やプラスチック容器などのパッケージに入ったものに変わっている。
- By the 1970's, soy sauce and miso was kept in barrel and sold by measuring at grocery stores (liquor store or Mikawaya), but sale-by-measuring system disappeared with changes in the distribution system, switching to sale in packages such as bags or plastic containers.
- かつての日本、特に江戸時代以前では、マグロといえば赤身を指し、赤身に比べ品質が劣化しやすいトロの部分は上等な部位とは考えられておらず、切り捨てられるか、せいぜい葱鮪鍋などにして加熱したものが食べられていた。
- In older times, particularly prior to the Edo period, tuna meat was represented by lean meat, whereas Toro, which goes sour more quickly than lean meat, was regarded as an insignificant material and discarded, or, if any, tasted as heated meat in a hot pot featuring tuna meat and spring onions (Negima Nabe).
- 付け下げ訪問着を簡略化したものであらかじめ切って裁断された上に柄を置く絵羽模様ではなく、予定の場所に前もって想定し柄が置かれた反物の状態で売られているもので、縫うと訪問着のような位置に柄が置かれるものである。
- Tsukesage: A simplified version of Homongi that is made of a roll of cloth which has been dyed a design on planned places to be completed as Homongi, in contrast to Homongi that is made of pieces of cloth previously dyed with a design to be completed on a finished kimono.
- これは、自販機の普及による販売競争激化に加え、1975年に発生したブラジル大霜害の影響で生豆価格が高騰していたことから、極端に低濃度の製品や代替物を使用した粗悪品が市場に流通してしまう恐れが生じたことによる。
- It was caused by an intensified sales competition due to the spread of vending machines and the fears that extremely low-concentrated products or inferior products containing substitute ingredients might be distributed on the market in view of rising prices of unroasted beans due to great frost damage in Brazil during 1975.
- 平安時代前期には皇太子の礼服は赤色の九章服になったが(さらに朝賀の廃止された平安中期以降は、皇太子の礼服の着装例がない)、朝服においてはその後も使用され、文様も鴛鴦丸(えんおうまる)が使われることが一般化した。
- Although the crown prince's reifuku was replaced by a red kushofuku in the early Heian period (after choga was abolished in the middle of the Heian period, the crown prince's reifuku fell into disuse), oni no ho was continuously used for chofuku and the use of the eno-maru (a design in which mandarin ducks form a circle) pattern became common practice.
- ただし、従来の杜氏集団のかたちが変化しつつある昨今、伝統的な三役がそろう蔵は減少しており、杜氏と蔵人のみ、あるいは杜氏と若い社員たちのグループで、あるいは杜氏と蔵元が兼任して酒造りをおこなう蔵が増えてきている。
- Having said that, the style of a traditional toji group has been changed recently and fewer breweries now have typical san-yaku; accordingly, a group consisting of a toji and kurabito, or a toji and young employees, brews sake at more breweries, and the number of breweries whose kuramoto also work as a toji is also increasing.
- こうした重税化の動きに対し酒蔵側は、明治14年(1881年)に高知県の酒造業者が、同県出身の自由民権運動の指導者植木枝盛の助力を得て、酒造税引き下げの嘆願書を政府に提出したのを皮切りに、各地で抵抗に立ち上がった。
- Against this tendency for heavier taxes, the sake breweries protested in various places, triggered by the submission of petitions for a reduction of liquor tax by a sake brewery in the Kochi Prefecture in 1881 supported by Emori UEKI, a leader of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement from Kochi Prefecture.
- 平成18年からは、次世代の大正琴音楽文化を担う後継者育成のため流派を問わず参加できる「全国子供大正琴コンクール」をスタートさせたほか、大正琴愛好者に最も好まれた曲を歌った歌手に贈られる「大正琴音楽大賞」も創設した。
- From 2006, in order to foster the next generation of players who will promote the music culture of taishogoto, a 'Nationwide Children's Taishogoto Contest,' open to players from any school was launched and the 'Taishogoto Ongaku Taisho' was established, and is given to the singer who sings the song most liked by taishogoto fans.
- 昔からある観光ガイドとは、個人が主体という点で異なり、(これまでの概念の)観光のプロではない人たちが担っているという点でエコツアー、ネイチャーツアーなどでみられるほぼシステム化された専門の有料ガイドとも区別される。
- The role differs from traditional tourist guides as the focus is on the individual, and tours are conducted by those who are differentiated from tourism industry professionals such as those organize specialist fee-charging guides who conduct eco and nature excursions.
- 新型焼酎と合成清酒、増産酒の登場、三増酒の登場とさまざまな酒が市場に送り出され、食生活の変化により国民の味覚も大きく変貌をとげた大正から昭和にかけては、それを如実に反映するように流通する日本酒の味も変化していった。
- From the Taisho period to the Showa period, when various sake such as new shochu, synthetic seishu, zosanshu and sanzoshu appeared in the market and people's taste also changed greatly because of the change of diet, the taste of popular sake also had changed reflecting its change clearly.
- 一般的に童児が勤めること、ウマなどで移動することが多く、中には地面に足をつけることを禁忌としている事例があること、ヤマドリの尾羽や紙垂をつけた笠を被り、化粧をしていることなどがヒトツモノの特徴として挙げられている。
- Hitotsumono is generally characterized by a child performing a role, riding a horse (in some rituals, setting his foot on the ground was taboo), wearing a hat decorated with tail feathers of a mountain bird or paper strips, and being made up.
- 石毛直道・ケネス・ラドル著『魚醤とナレズシの研究 モンスーン・アジアの食事文化』(1990年)では、東北タイ王国やミャンマーあたりの平野部をあげ、水田地帯で稲作と共に成立した魚介類の保存方法が後に伝わったとしている。
- 'Dietary Culture in Monsoon Asia based on the Research on fish sauce (soy sauce-like fish sauce) and Nare-zushi' (1990) written by Naomichi ISHIGE and Kenneth RUDDLE took plains in the northwestern part of Kingdom of Thailand and in Myanmar for instance, and described that the method to preserve seafood which was established along with rice cropping in paddy lands was handed down to subsequent generations.
- ヨーロッパ(おもにオランダ)から届けられるワインに対して日本酒はアルコール度数が若干高いがために、バタヴィアを始めとした東南アジアにおいては、日本酒は食前酒、ワインを食中酒として飲むという独自の食文化の伝統が生まれた。
- Since sake had a little higher alcohol content than wine from Europe (mainly from Holland), a unique food tradition where sake was drunk as an aperitif and wine was drunk during meals in Southeastern Asia including Batavia was established.
- しかし、のちに麺類としてのそばが普及したこと、またそばとそば屋が独自の文化を育む母体となっていったこと、脚気防止のためにそばが好まれたことなどにより、うどんは江戸における麺類の主流としての地位をそばに取って代わられる。
- However, Udon noodles lost its position as the leading noodles by making room for Soba for the following reasons: (1) Soba became popular noodles later, (2) Soba and Soba shops created a unique culture, (3) people willingly ate Soba for fear of contracting beriberi, and so on.
- なお、茎ほうじ茶はお茶の生産地であれば日本各地で生産されているが、特に過去石川県のある製茶場が「献上加賀棒茶」という製品を製品化し昭和天皇に献上したという経緯があったため、加賀棒茶がより一般に名前が知られるようになった。
- Although kuki-hojicha leaves are produced across Japan, kaga-bocha has been the most widely known kind because a tea manufacturing plant in Ishikawa Prefecture manufactured a product called 'kenjo kaga-bocha' and offered it to the Emperor Showa.
- 3代将軍義満は京都の北山に壮麗な山荘をつくったが、そこに建てられた金閣の建築様式が、伝統的な寝殿造風と禅宗寺院における禅宗様を折衷したものであり、時代の特徴をよくあらわしているので、この時代の文化を北山文化とよんでいる。
- The third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA built a magnificent villa in Kitayama, Kyoto; an architectural style of a golden pavilion constructed there is a blend of traditional Shinden-zukuri style (the palace style characteristic of Fujiwara period architecture) and Zen temple style, embodying a distinctive feature of this period; hence the name 'Kitayama culture.'
- しかし、昭和に入り、近親相姦のタブーが拡がったことや、第二次世界大戦後は、洋装化が進み、核家族化の進展と共に褌が廃れたことで、褌祝の祭事を行う地区は殆どなくなり、その内容も形式的に赤飯等を配るなどの内容となっているようだ。
- However, since the 1920's incest has increasingly been taboo and with WWII Westernization spread and loincloths largely died out as nuclear families gained ground and, as such, holding loincloth ceremonies largely died out in most regions whereby the sentiment is conveyed in form alone by serving rice with red beans it appears.
- しかしこのことは、戦前に開発され当時の酒米の主流となっていた山田錦を用い(Y)、『香露』の酵母を用い(K)、精米歩合を35%まで高めれば(35)吟醸酒ができるといった定式化(YK35)が誠しやかに流布される発端ともなった。
- However, this resulted in the widespread formulation (YK35) that ginjoshu could be made by using Yamadanishiki (Y) which was developed before the war and became the major rice for sake brewing in those days and the yeast of 'koro' (K) and polishing rice at the higher rate of 35 percent (35).
- 要因としては消費者の嗜好変化によるチルドカップコーヒーへの移行、健康志向の拡大により主軸商品であるミルク・砂糖入りのカテゴリーの苦戦やそれの影響による低糖・微糖・無糖コーヒーの需要拡大による差分埋め合わせ、が挙げられている。
- As factors in the situation, the following facts are mentioned, i.e., the shift to chilled cup coffee due to the change of consumers' tastes and the hard-fought struggle for the main product, canned coffee with milk and sugar due to people's expanded health consciousness, for which efforts were made to increase the demand for low-sugar, trace-sugar and sugar-free canned coffee to make up for the loss of sales.
- これは、太平の庶民文化の隆盛から、口碑伝承のないこの時代の作家に創作された妖怪の類の氾濫と、杉浦日向子などの江戸時代研究家や学者が説明する「江戸時代は世界に類を見ない資源還元(リサイクル)社会であった」という事実と合致する。
- The above coincides with the fact that many apparitions were created by painters in this period, a peaceful time in which the culture of ordinary people was prosperous and folklore did not exist, and that 'the Edo period was a recycling society without parallel in the world' as researchers of the Edo period, such as Hinako SUGIURA, have pointed out.
- 明治8年(1875年)、明治政府は、江戸幕府が定めた複雑に入り組んだ酒株に関する規制を一挙に撤廃し、酒類の税則を酒造税と営業税の二本立てに簡略化して、醸造技術と資本のある者ならば誰でも自由に酒造りができるように法令を発した。
- In 1875, the Meiji government totally abolished the complicated regulations on sakekabu which were determined by the Edo bakufu, simplified liquor tax into the tax of sake brewing and sales tax, and promulgated some laws and regulations for anyone who had brewing techniques and capital to be able to brew sake freely.
- とくにそれ以後、日本酒の飲用がその地の独自な食文化の一部として定着をみた、オランダ東インド会社の根拠地バタヴィア(現インドネシアの一部)などを通じて、オランダ経由で日本酒がすでに江戸時代にヨーロッパにもたらされた形跡がある。
- Especially after that, there are signs of that sake had already been brought to Europe including Holland through Batavia (a part of Indonesia at present) which was the base of the Dutch East India Company and where drinking sake was established as part of its unique food culture, during the Edo period.
- 箱麹法より、さらに簡略化された日本酒床麹法(とここうじほう)では、箱状の道具は用いず、麹室に設けられた大きな台のうえに蒸し米を広げ、そこへ麹菌を振りかけると、その台に乗せたまま日本酒蓋麹法からあとの熱を冷ます工程をおこなう。
- The simplified hako-koji method called toko-koji (floor koji) does not use a box but spreads the steamed rice on top of a huge counter placed in a koji culture room, where koji spores are spread on it, and it is cooled down while still on the counter as in the futa-koji method for making nihonshu.
- Key作品のアニメ化にあたっては、Keyファンであり『AIR (ゲーム)』アニメ化の話を持ち込んだアニメーション脚本家の志茂文彦が脚本を勤め、同じくKeyファンで京アニの主監督を勤める石原立也がタッグを組んで制作を行っている。
- When a Key game is adapted into an animation, Fumihiko SHIMO, a fan of Key and the animation scriptwriter who proposed making an animated adaptation of 'AIR,' writes the script, and Tatsuya ISHIHARA, who is also a fan of Key and the main director at Kyo-ani, teams up with Shimo and takes charge of production.
- 食糧が豊かになってきたことや農家の高齢化が進んできた事で昭和30年代後半にはソバ栽培が衰退していったが、1984年(昭和59年)地産地消の三瓶そば復活を目指した有志によって「九一そばの会」が結成され、ソバ栽培や加工が復活した。
- With the abundant food supplies and aging farming population, in the early 1960's, cultivation of soba declined but, in 1984, 'Kuichi Soba no Kai' (Kuichi Soba Society) was formed by volunteers with an intent to revive Sanbe soba based on the idea of local consumption of locally produced products whereby soba farming and processing were brought back to life.
- 1974年(昭和49年)日本芸術院賞、1975年(昭和50年)重要無形文化財(人間国宝)、1976年(昭和51年)日本芸術院会員、1978年(昭和53年)文化功労者、1980年(昭和55年)NHK放送文化賞、などを授与された。
- He received numerous honors including the Japan Art Academy Award in 1974, designation as an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Living National Treasure) in 1975, being made a member of the Japan Art Academy in 1976, designation as a Person of Cultural Merit in 1978, and the NHK Broadcasting Culture Award in 1980.
- この僧たちは造酒司の酒部とは異なり、菩提酛に代表されるようなそれぞれの寺院の味や造り方を分化させていったため、のちの杜氏集団の流派の原型と見ることもできるが、集団としての制度など考えると、後世の杜氏とは直接的なつながりはない。
- Unlike sakabe at the Miki no Tsukasa, such priests can be somewhat regarded as the origin of latter-day toji schools because they developed each temple's unique taste and brewing method such as bodaimoto (the oldest starter of refined sake), but they still did not have a direct relation with latter-day toji, in view of their organization system.
- 「さわり」の機構を持つ楽器は琵琶など他にもあるが、三味線の特徴は一の糸のみに「さわり」がついているにもかかわらず、二の糸や三の糸の特定の押さえる場所にも(調弦法により変化する)、共鳴によって同様の効果をもつ音があることである。
- Although biwa and some other instruments also have 'sawari,' shamisen, unlike other instruments, has 'sawari' only for ichi no ito, but ni no ito and san no ito also have sounds of the same effects caused by resonance on certain points (which change according to tunings) to hold down the strings.
- 平安時代中期の小野道風・藤原佐理・藤原行成の3人は三跡と称され、貫禄のある艶麗な道風の書風に、日本的な感覚と鋭敏さを加えた佐理の書風を、行成が両者の長所をうまく生かし、かつ均整のとれた温和な書風として、漢字の和様化を完成させた。
- In the mid Heian period, the three, ONO no Tofu, FUJIWARA no Sukemasa, and FUJIWARA no Yukinari were called the three great brush traces, and they completed to make kanji into Japanese style by Tofu's style of dignified beauty, Sukemasa's style added sense and sharpness of the Japanese, and Yukinari's style of balance and mildness utilizing both features.
- こうした流れのなかで宝ホールディングスは、デビッド・ボウイやシーナ・イーストンなど、およそ従来のドロ臭い焼酎のイメージから程遠い外国人タレントを純 (焼酎)のCMに起用し、焼酎ならびにチューハイの一般化を図り多大な成果を挙げた。
- In such circumstances, TAKARA HOLDINGS INC. decided to use foreign talents such as David BOWIE and Sheena EASTON who had a different image far from conventional homespun shochu for the commercial of Jun (a name of shochu) and tried to generalize shochu and chuhai, which brought great results.
- 山卸廃止酛では、酒をまずくする有害な野生酵母や雑菌が活動・繁殖できないような低温に環境を保ちながら、乳酸菌・硝酸還元菌など酒をおいしくする有益な酵母や菌をゆっくりと繁殖させ、pH3.5前後で乳酸を生成させ、糖化作用を行なうことをいう。
- In the case of the yamaoroshi-haishi-mot, the utase means the following processes: lactobacillus and nitrate reducing bacteria that improve the taste of sake are slowly developed to produce lactic acid at about pH 3.5 and to convert starch to sugar while the environmental temperature is kept low to prevent harmful wild yeast and bacteria that ruin sake from becoming active and growing.
- 余禄とはなるが、北欧神話におけるワルキューレも、主神オーディンの命を受け、戦って死んだ勇者を天界(ヴァルハラ)に導く存在であり、ある意味では他の文化圏における天女に近しいイメージがあるが、北欧神話の観点ではあまり関連付けては扱われない。
- Additionally, valkyries in Norse mythology are beings who, under orders of the god Odin, lead men of valor who died in battle to heaven (Valhalla); in a sense, they have a similar image with tennyo in other cultural regions, but from the Norse mythology point of view are not considered to be related.
- この貿易自由化を皮切りとして、やがて洋酒の輸出国は、日本の従価税のかけ方では輸入酒に運賃や保険料の分まで税金がかかってしまうとして、アルコール度数に応じて課税するという西洋諸国の税制に日本も変更するようさらなる要求をしてくることとなる。
- Triggered by this trade liberalization, exporting countries of foreign liquors requested Japan to change the taxation in accordance with the degree of alcohol because an ad valorem duty in Japan was imposed on imported liquors with including transport costs and insurance costs.
- また後継者不足の問題も表面化してきており、その対策としてそば打ちの技術や作法を習得することを目的とした「豊平流そば打ち段位認定制度」を発足させ道の駅豊平どんぐり村で実施したり、新品種「とよむすめ」の栽培を展開するなど各種活動を行っている。
- At the same time, however, securing the future generation of soba makers has become a challenge and, as a measure to address the situation, the region has been taking various actions such as; implementing the 'Grade Certification System for Toyohira Soba Makers,' designed to teach the soba-making skills and manners, at Toyohira Donguri-mura Road Station and cultivating the new variety of buckwheat 'Toyomusume.'
- 「味」よりも「酔い」を追い求めた消費者たちの需要と欲求は、安価な三増酒の消費を促進しただけでなく、「酒道」などとも表現される一種の文化、すなわちかつて昭和初期に洗練された飲み歩き方をも衰退させ、次世代の明敏な飲み手を育成することを阻んだ。
- The demand and requirements of consumers who pursued 'to be drunk' rather than 'taste' not only promoted the consumption of sanzoshu, but also diminished a kind of culture expressed as 'shudo' (way of sake), that is, the way of bar-hopping which got sophisticated in the beginning of the Showa period, and prevented fostering the next-generation acute consumers.
- このナポリタンが一般的な食堂で提供されるようになると、まだ当時は庶民の手に入り難かったトマトピューレはケチャップで代用され、高価であった肉の代わりに、寄せ集め肉で作り皮を赤く着色したウインナーソーセージを入れた現在の料理へ変化していった。
- Once this Naporitan started to be served at average restaurants, ketchup replaced tomato puree, which was still not easily available to the public, and sausage made from mixed meat with red-colored casing replaced expensive meat, then becoming the dish seen today.
- この布団締めは刺繍などの装飾などによって時代とともに豪華さを増していき、近年の太鼓台では金糸で立体に高縫いされた左右一対のつがいの竜の刺繍が 重の側面のほとんどを覆い隠すまでとなり、重を束ねる帯としての役割から重を飾る飾り面として変化している。
- With the times, these pieces of futon-jime, decorated with embroidery, become more luxurious enough to recently lose the function to bundle the futon as obi (sash for kimono), and to decorate almost all of the four sides of the ju with a brace of three dimensional dragons in symmetry embroidered with gold thread.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の群雄割拠が諸国に文化的な独自性を持たせたことも追い風となって、それぞれの土地の一般庶民の食文化との相互補完をベースとしながら、各地に数々の新しいローカルブランドが誕生し、味、酒質、製造量などの点において多様化が進んでいった。
- Promoted by the cultural independencies of various provinces in the rivalry of powerful leaders of the Sengoku period (period of warring states), many new local brands were produced in various places, integrated with the food culture of common people in each places, and they became diversified in the points of taste, quality, amount of production, and so on.
- 都市の特定のエリア(例えば、中華街、元町、神田神保町の古本祭り、浅草サンバカーニバル、YOSAKOIソーラン祭りなど)、文化施設(たとえば、Bunkamura、水戸芸術館など)、教育機関(中学校、高等学校、大学など)の祭り、フェスティバル等がある。
- Festivals held at specific areas in the city (e.g., China Town, Motomachi, Secondhand Book Fair at Kanda Jinbo-cho, Asakusa Samba Carnival, YOSAKOI Soran Festival and so on), at cultural facilities (e.g., Bunkamura, Art Tower Mito and so on), and at educational institutions (junior high schools, high schools, universities and so on) are named.
- このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
- The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.
- そのため2005年にBS-TBSで放送され、2006年にはBlu-ray Discで発売されるなど高精細度ビデオ(High Definition:HD)での映像フォーマットが使用された『AIR』でも、SDで制作しアップコンバートでHD化したものであった。
- Therefore 'Air,' which used high definition video formats for its broadcast on BS-TBS in 2005 and release on Blu-ray Disc in 2006, were produced in SD video and converted into HD video.
- 前述のように海外の魚や動物の骨や皮から抽出したコラーゲンを使ったり、化学的に合成した接着剤成分などをニカワの代わりに用い、腐らせないように防腐剤が入り、工業製の香料を使っている可能性が高いため、口に入れることは不衛生であり健康被害・アレルギーなどに注意する。
- Since it is highly possible that collagen derived from the bones and skins of overseas fish and animals are used as mentioned above, or that chemical ingredients may be used as a bonding agent instead of glue with an added preservative, not to mention industrial grade fragrance, it is unsanitary and can cause health and allergy problems to place a brush in one's mouth.
- 古くは祭事などの折に年に数回、泥酔するほど飲むが、日常生活には徳利の影も見当たらないような明治時代前期以前の酒のありようから、食卓に晩酌がなじんできたそれ以降の酒のありようへの変化も、その境界線を曖昧にしていく歴史作用であったが、その延長線上にあるものである。
- The change from the style of dead drinks several times a year at the time of special events such as festivals and having no sake bottle in daily life before the early part of the Meiji period to the style of drinking with dinner after that, also made that border ambiguous historically, which was seen as an extension of the trend toward low-alcohol drinks.
- 野戦隊形における集中射撃法が実用化されたのはヨーロッパにおいてであり、最も初期のものはテルシオと呼ばれる、長槍(パイク)の密集方陣の進撃に際して四周に随伴した銃兵が相手方の方陣と至近距離まで接近し、接触寸前になった時点で発砲して第一次打撃を期待するものである。
- It was in Europe that the concentrated shooting method in open battle formation was turned into actual utilization and the earliest called tercio (Spanish square), where, against the advancement of a close-packed formation of pikes, fusiliers accompanying in four directions approach to the formation of the enemies at close range and just before contact, they firstly shoot and expect the first impact blow.
- いっぽう、これはむしろ中小の酒蔵に多いが、日本酒を一つの文化もしくは工芸品ととらえ、杜氏は「一人一芸、一杜一酒」と言われるほど独自な作品としての酒を造り上げていくものであるとの考えから、酒造作家(しゅぞうさっか)もしくは酒造家(しゅぞうか)と呼ばれることが多い、
- At the same time, Japanese sake is regarded as culture or craft products among some breweries, especially small or medium-sized breweries, and they call toji people shuzo-sakka (which literally means 'an author of brewing') or shuzo-ka (which literally means 'an artist of brewing') because they believe toji create sake as their own unique work as people sometimes say 'every person has a different talent, and every toji has his or her unique sake.'
- 以後、自社元請制作に専念するようになり、『AIR』以降、ゲームブランドKeyが製作した恋愛アドベンチャーゲームをテレビアニメ化し、『Kanon (ゲーム)』、『CLANNAD (ゲーム)』、『CLANNAD 〜AFTER STORY〜』と毎年1作ずつ制作している。
- The company went on to dedicate itself to its own prime productions and, after the production of 'Air,' adapted created animated TV adaptations of romantic adventure games produced by the Key game brand including 'Kanon,' 'Clannad' and 'Clannad After Story' at a rate of one animation per year.
- そのガイド組織が地域活性化のために価値ある存在で、かつ利用客や旅行会社の経済的負担を仰げないのならば、地元自治体や観光事業者及びその団体が当該組織に対価を支払うべきであり、ガイド組織自身もその受け皿としての機能を有した組織に生まれ変わる必要があるのではなかろうか。
- A volunteer guide organizations are valuable entities for local revitalization and also do not require the financial support of customers and travel agencies, local public bodies as well as tourism industry workers and related groups should be expected to make the appropriate payments while it is also necessary for guide organizations to transform themselves into the recipients of such payment.
- 現在、日本で拳法と名の付く代表的なものには少林寺拳法と日本拳法があり、前者は仏教系新宗教を背景として幅広い層に普及し、後者は大学拳法部を中心にいくつかの団体に分かれて広がってきたが、スポーツ化した一面も持つと言われており、いずれもテレビで技を見せるなどの活動もある。
- Presently in Japan, shorinji kenpo and nihon kenpo are famous - the former has spread among a wide range of people within background of a new religion and the latter has spread among some groups centered on university kenpo teams and turned into a sport in a sense – but both are performing activities such as showing their techniques on TV.
- 棒手振り(棒手売)が幕府による経済振興や弱者救済として奨励され、古物の修理・回収が盛んになり、物の消費に一定の罪悪感が無くなったことや、鯨などの食料や資源の徹底した活用や、それによって生ずる人糞までも肥料化による利用と売買など、消費が振興となったことが大きいといえる。
- Behind the above, there was a fact that a sense of sin for consumption declined because the repair/collection of used articles became vigorous thanks to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)'s policy of encouraging bote-furi (bote-uri) (vending while calling to customers), which was introduced for the promotion of economy and the relief of the socially vulnerable, as well as the use and sale of various foodstuffs such as whale meat and night soil.
- なぜなら、明治時代前期の欧化政策以来、政府は数々の優遇措置をもって国民に洋酒を紹介し、国産洋酒の生産や消費を促してきたわけだが、その延長線上にやってきたのは結局「そろそろ舌になじんだころだろうから本場、外国産の洋酒をどんどん買ってくれ」というべき状況だったからである。
- This was because the government had introduced foreign liquors with various preferential treatments and promoted to produce and consume foreign liquors made in Japan since the Westernization policy in the early part of the Meiji period, which finally resulted in the situation that 'buy foreign liquors made in foreign countries because you have already gotten used to the taste.'
- また、かつてのさっぱりとした日本食と異なり、食生活の欧米化が進んでバターやオリーブオイルなどを多用する油っこい料理を日常的に食するようになっていた日本人にとって、それらと食卓で合わせる日本酒として、またある意味で白ワインの代替品として、淡麗辛口が好まれたという理由もある。
- In addition, there was another reason, Japanese had already been used to having oily dishes using much butter and olive oil which were different from plain Japanese dishes as a result of the Westernization of diet, and that they favored tanrei dry sake to drink on the table with those dishes as an alternative to wine in a certain sense.
- 第三次大谷探検隊をはじめとする教団事業の出費がかさみ、大谷家の負債が表面化するとともに、大正3年(1914年)には本願寺に関する疑獄事件が突発するなど多くの問題を抱える中で、同年3月、二楽荘そして武庫中学も閉鎖され、大谷光瑞は西本願寺住職・本願寺派管長を辞任するにいたった。
- While there were a lot of problems that the debts of Otani family came into surface because of the large expenses of the temple's projects like the 3rd Otani Expedition and in 1914 Hongan-ji Templea had a corruption scandal suddenly, Nirakuso and Muko Middle School were closed and Kozui OTANI finally resigned as the chief priest of West Hongan-ji Temple and leader of Hongan-ji Temple school in March of the same year
- 一方、小売業では、1970年代頃までは松の内(関東)の頃(1月5~7日)まで休業していた店が多かったが、24時間営業のコンビニエンスストアの登場などの生活様式の変化により、開店日は早くなり、1990年代以降は元日のみ休業し、翌1月2日から短時間体制での営業を始める店が多い。
- On the other hand, until the 1970s (in the Kanto region) many retail stores used to be closed until around the end of matsu no uchi (January 5th to 7th), while the day in the new year on which retail stores started their operation became earlier due to the change of the people's lifestyles such as the appearance of convenience stores which operate 24 hours a day and, therefore, in and after the 1990s, many stores started their operation on the next day, January 2nd on a fewer-hours basis.
- かつて明治時代後期には、酒が一升瓶で流通するようになったために、日本人の酒の消費の仕方が、年に数回だけハレの日に振る舞い酒をとことん泥酔するまで飲む様式から、ほとんど毎日ケの日に自分の好みの酒を晩酌や独酌としてほどほどに酔う(なま酔い)様式へ変化した(参照:「流通と消費の形態変化」)。
- In the latter part of the Meiji period, since sake came to be distributed in 1.8 liter bottles, the way of consuming sake of the Japanese changed from a style in which they drank sake as a treat heavily only a few special days in a year to one in which they drank their favorite sake for dinner or individually almost every normal day and got drunk to some extent (namayoi) (see the section of 'The change of distribution and consumption forms').
- 近年の太鼓台では複数積み重ねた枠型をもちいて重ねた布団を模したものとなっており、これは近年の大型化にともない軽量化の必要性が生じたためと おもに市街での運行途中に電線や民家の屋根などとの接触を避けるため高所に警護の人員を配置せねばならなくなったことによるもので 近代~現代ならではの変化であるといえる。
- With the recent taikodai, it is just modern or present-day modifications to the taikodai that several piled frames, modeling the layered futon, are used for the necessity to lighten upsized taikodai, and to perch some guards on the top who prevent the taikodai from hitting the roof of private houses or electric wires on the way of parades in the urban areas.
- 段仕込み(だんじこみ)とは、日本酒の醸造工程の一つである日本酒醪(もろみづくり)において、その前の工程で造られた日本酒酒母(しゅぼ)もしくは酛(もと)へ、日本酒麹と日本酒蒸しマイを三段階に分けて加えていくことによって、酵母に対して適応可能なゆるやかな環境変化を与え、その活性を損なわないようにする工夫のこと。
- Danjikomi is one of the brewing steps and means of making unfiltered Japanese sake where the yeast and rice are added over three steps to the yeast mash or moto (another term for sake producing yeast) to provide a mild environmental change for yeast to adapt to while not losing its productivity.
- 皿の裏に二次元コードやICタグを付けることにより、鮮度管理(コンベア上を一定時間以上流れたままになっている寿司を回収する)、売れ筋分析(どのネタがよく売れているか分析し、欠品や廃棄を少なくする)、会計処理効率化(ICタグリーダーで皿を読み取れば、瞬時に正確に料金が計算できる)を行うなど、IT化も進んでいる。
- New features are increasingly introduced like attaching two-dimensional bar codes or IC tags on the undersides of plates to control freshness by removing sushi that is left too long on the conveyer belt, to analyze which items are selling to minimize shortages and disposal, to streamline billing by scanning the codes of plates with IC tag reader to calculate the prices quickly and accurately.
- 太鼓台の様式や外観にその地域の土地柄や文化を反映した伝統的な形態を残す地域もあるが、地域経済の発展や氏子主導の祭りへの変化から祭りにイベントとしての要素が強まった地域が増加、見せる祭りとして大型化した太鼓台や飾り幕・刺繍等による豪華な装飾を施したもの、流行の主流となりつつある形態に変更したものが多く見られるようになった。
- While in some areas traditional festival patterns have still remained in the style and the appearance of the taikodai, reflecting the local custom and culture, in many other areas they have been increasingly adapted to mainstream styles, festivals for show, because the local economic development and the festivals mainly conducted by ujiko result in upsized taikodai and highly decorative hangings with gorgeous embroideries for events emphasizing commercial interests and playful elements, not ritual aspects which festivals include.
- その他、一般の日本人向けの商業商品においても、タイ王国のスープ料理として名高い「トムヤム」スープ風味の「トムヤム茶漬けの素」、ベトナム麺を本来ベトナム人は食べない高菜を用いてうどん質を全く変えてご当地化した「盛岡冷麺」、牛肉の照り焼きを米で挟んだ「ライスバーガー」など、果たして日本料理なのか異国料理なのか判別に悩むものも多数存在する。
- Many other commercialized products exist in Japan that are difficult for Japanese to tell whether they are nihon-ryori dishes or foreign dishes for example; 'the essence of tom yam chazuke (boiled rice with tea poured over it' with the flavor of the 'tom yam' soup famous as a soup dish in the Kingdom of Thailand, 'the Morioka reimen' (cold noodles), the pho (Vietnamese noodle soup) Japanized by completely changing the udon nature using the leaf mustard that Vietnamese never ate originally, and 'rice burger' in which boiled rice is placed on the both sides of a teriyaki (grilled with soy sauce and sugar) beef paddy.
- 1930年代前半に誕生し、一時期は発展の可能性がかいまみられながらも、戦中戦後の窮乏のなかでそれが棚上げのかたちとなっていた吟醸酒も、1970年代には、醪(もろみ)造りの工程における温度管理の技術が飛躍的に発達し、また協会系酵母協会7号や協会系酵母協会9号などの吟醸香を出す新しい酵母が実用化され、ようやく少量ずつ市場へ出荷されるようになった。
- The ginjoshu which appeared in the early 1930s but was interrupted because of the shortage of materials although it could have been more developed, gradually came to be sold in markets in small amounts in the 1970s, since the technique of temperature control in the process of making moromi was rapidly developed and the new yeasts with aroma of ginjo, such as the seventh and the ninth yeasts of the Brewing Society were put into practical use.
- (アルケビュス)については一つの説として、さらに初期の手砲の一形式に棒の先につけた金属筒に鉤状の突起を設け、発射時は鉤を委託物に引っかけ棒を地上に押さえ付けて発射した形式があり、これをドイツ語系で(ハーケン・ビュクセ=鉤付筒)と呼んだだのが語源で、フランス語系で類似した(アーケン・ビュッス→アルケブス)と発音が訛化したのであろうという説がある。
- As one theory for 'arquebus,' there is one form where, as one form of the early hand gun, hook-shaped jut was put on an iron tube attached on the tip of stick and when shooting the hook was attached to something and the stick was pushed into the earth, and one theory says that it was called 'Hakenbüchse = a tube with a hook' in German and became the word origin and in French the similar pronunciation (Arquen bus =>arquebus) was accented.
- カキフライが初めて作られた時期・発祥は諸説あるが、洋食メニュー発展期・文明開化の明治時代(1868年 – 1912年)後期に東京銀座の洋食屋「煉瓦亭」(創業明治28年)でカツレツを考案したと伝えられる木田元次郎が、あらゆる食材を油で揚げて試していた食材の一品がカキ (貝)であったという煉瓦亭の記録文献が、最古の資料として現在は有力と考えられている。
- Although there are various theories as to when and how kaki furai was made for the first time, one of the major views, based on the written record known as the oldest material suggests that in the late Meiji era (1868 to 1912), the time of civilization and enlightenment and the developing period of yoshoku (Western-style meal), Motojiro KIDA, who is believed to have invented cutlet, was experimentally frying all kinds of ingredients, one of which happened to be oyster at 'Rengatei,' a yoshoku restaurant in Ginza, Tokyo, which was founded in 1895.