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勿論: 81 Terms and Phrases

勿論
of course
certainly
naturally

勿論の事
matter of course

「勿論、勿論です！　
'Of course, of course!

勿論、これらは全て真実です。
Of course, these are all true.

勿論、生クリームには砂糖を加えない。
Needless to say, no sugar is added to the fresh cream.

勿論彼女は弁論大会に参加すると思った。
We took it for granted that she would take part in the speech contest.

勿論最初の約束優先ということで謝ったわ。
Of course I apologised, saying that the first appointment had priority.

勿論この名は武四郎に由来するものである。
Needless to say, the name derived from Takeshiro.

勿論、沈香とアロエはまったくの別物である。
Needless to say that agarwood and aloe belong to completely different families.

「何を言うのです、勿論くりかえせますよ！」
'Why of course you can!'

日本語は勿論、他の外国語の使用は禁止された。
And the use of any other languages including, of course, Japanese was prohibited.

君は勿論パーティーにくることと私は思っていた。
I took it for granted that you would come to my party.

彼はフランス語を知っている。英語は勿論のことだ。
He knows French, much more English.

クレーンを操縦するのには、勿論、免許が必要です。
Of course a license is needed to operate a crane.

誰にも見られなかったと思いますが、勿論断定はできません」
I don't think anybody saw us, but of course I can't be sure.'

勿論宿場側もしたたかであり値引きの交渉も盛んに行われた。
Needless to say, the people at the post station were also shrewd, and haggling over price reduction often took place.

父母は勿論その人たちは、口口に彼の泣く訣（わけ）を尋ねた。
His parents and those who came repeatedly asked him what had happened,

勿論、立派な刀を持っている子供は、他の児童の羨望を集めた。
Of course, children envied those who had fine swords

勿論、コップのような飲料を入れた食器は別で、こちらは口元に運ばれる。
Of course, eating utensils such as a cup of drink is another thing and they are brought to their mouths.

「私も頂いていいですか」「ああ、勿論構わないよ、今日は会社持ちだからね」
'May I have one as well?' 'Yes, certainly. Today's on the company after all.'

「勿論、デイジーもあの方のことを少しくらいの間は愛していたのかもしれません。
'Of course she might have loved him just for a minute,

勿論のこと、ハッカーは他の多くの人達とは能力の基準が違うことに注意してください
Note that hackers, of course, have different standards of competence than many other people.

勿論政務が執れるわけも無く、摂政・近衛基実（育子の兄）と邦綱が表向きを取り仕切った。
There was no way the young Emperor was able to rule the government, the regent, Motozane KONOE (Ikushi's older brother) and Kunitsuna officially took control of politics.

私たちは勿論サポートしますが最後に決めるのは貴方の熱意だということを覚えていてください。
Obviously we will help but please remember that what decides it in the end is your zeal.

敵対した人物は勿論のこと謀反を起こした人物についても降伏すれば許すことが多かったといわれる。
It is said that Nobutora often forgave not only his opponents but also those who even raised a rebellion against him as long as they surrendered.

勿論、彼の日記『成通卿口伝日記』には、彼が蹴鞠の上達のためにいかに努力してきたかが綴られている。
Naturally, he describes in his diary, 'Narimichi-kyo Kuden Nikki' (an anecdote of FUJIWARA no Narimichi), to what extent he practiced to improve his kemari skills.

従って司祭・輔祭・詠隊（聖歌隊）は勿論、参祷者も埋葬式の間は継続して立ち続ける事が求められている。
Not only the priest, the deacon and Eitai (Seikatai (choir)) but also Santosha (participant in a prayer) are required to stay standing during the burial rites.

勿論、宇治だけのものもある（抹茶だけ）、また、宇治にミルクをかけたものを「宇治時雨」と呼ぶことがある。
There is shaved ice using only uji (with only green powdered tea) and sometimes uji with milk is called 'uji shigure.'

が、行く所まで行きつかなければ、トロッコも彼等も帰れない事は、勿論（もちろん）彼にもわかり切っていた。
yet of course understanding that they couldn't until they reached their destination.

この結果、蔵人所は勿論のこと、図書寮や主水司、内蔵寮などの地下官人は出納の支配下に置かれることになった。
Consequently, the lower ranking officials not only in the Bureau of Archives, but also in the Bureau of the Library, Water Office, Palace Storehouse Bureau were placed under the control of suino.

勿論、このように浄土門の人々は極楽を事相の浄土を立てるといっても、それ自身は無相法性の理に即するとする。
Of course, even though people of Jodo-mon say that Gokuraku is Jodo of Jiso, they say it still matches the Buddhist thought of muso (without any shape).

勿論、陶晴賢が実権を掌握し、この大内義長（晴英より改名）を傀儡として頂点に抱くという形で大内氏は存続した。
Needless to say, Harukata SUE completely grasped the actual power, and the Ouchi clan survived, putting Yoshinaga OUCHI (whose name was changed from Haruhide) at its top as a puppet.

「惣年寄義ハ古来より六町之〆括り取捌役ニ而勤来、公事訴訟願等の義は勿論御上より被仰渡候御用町年寄へ申渡。」
We, so-doshiyori, have long been performing the role of supervisors over the six townships which, in addition to addressing the matters concerning taxes, lawsuits and petitions, includes communicating instructions from the Shogunate to machi-doshiyori.'

一般には、それらを全て読破することは勿論、ましてや全ての意味を正確に理解することなどはきわめて困難である。
Generally, it is very difficult to read all of them and understood all the meaning correctly.

今後の課題としては、J1での活躍は勿論の事、クラブとしてだけでなく、地元・京都との関係の再構築が挙げられる。
As for the problems to be solved from now on, to say nothing of doing a good job in J1, it can be pointed out that the club should reconstruct not only the club itself but also the relation to the hometown Kyoto.

現在は飲用としては勿論、独特の甘さと風味を持つことからみりんの代わりとなる調味酒として使用されることも多い。
Nowdays, while it is of course drunk as a beverage, it is also often used as a seasoning sake instead of mirin (sweet cooking sake) as it has a unique sweetness and flavor.

特に北米では人気があり、大都市では勿論、地方都市のスーパーマーケットですら寿司が売られていることが珍しくない。
Sushi enjoys high popularity especially in North America, and it's not rare that sushi is also sold at supermarkets even in local cities as well as in big cities.

それらは学術的価値は勿論、田中忠三郎氏独特の審美眼にかなった芸術的価値も高いコレクションとして認知されている。
They are acknowledged as a collection with not only scholarly value, but also high artistic value that meets Chuzaburo TANAKA's peculiar aestheticism.

勿論、禁中並公家諸法度によって大政を委任された幕府が朝廷に内部に干渉し、これを統制する権限を得た事は間違いない。
It is needless to say that the bakufu, which was delegated the administration of the country by 'Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto,' undoubtedly secured the power to interfere and control the imperial court.

しかしユーザーにして見れば「何だか判らない不都合（競合）」であり、問題の判別は勿論、異常個所の修正は困難を極める。
However, this is an 'incomprehensible inconvenience (competing)' from users' point of view and the adjustment of the problematic parts is extremely difficult, not to mention understanding the cause of the problem.

当時の蓮如は一旦はこれに応じざるを得なかった（勿論、本願寺が再興されるとなし崩しに破棄されたのは言うまでもない）。
Thus Rennyo had no choice but to accept the demands of the Enryaku-ji Temple (of course, it is obvious that this demand was ignored when Hongan-ji Temple regained its political power).

「高時が団十郎の似顔にかかれてあるは勿論、それをひき廻している天狗どもが、すべて求古会員に擬えてあるというのであった。」
`Aside from Takatoki looking like Danjuro's, all the Tengu that dragged Takatoki about resembled members of Kyuko.'

勿論、財産関係の目録も作成され、所領や財産の生前または死後に譲渡するために作成された譲状・処分状も目録の形式となっている。
Mokuroku relating to assets were also made, and deeds of assignment (yuzurijo or shobunjo), which were made in order to transfer territory and assets before or after a death, were made in the form of mokuroku.

「謝辞、賞賛詞、賀詞、感嘆詞として使用するは勿論、今日は、左様ならの挨拶まで、唯この千両千両......を以て済ます」という。
It is said 'he could make do with the phrase, 'senryo, senryo' in any occasions ranging from gratitude, admiration, congratulation, exclamation to greetings such as hello and good-by.'

中世には貴族出身者はさげ尼と称して、髪を肩の辺りで削いで「尼」となることができた（勿論、授戒が受けられないために正式な尼にはなれない）。
In medieval times, aristocratic women could become 'ama' called Sage Ama by having her hair cut around shoulders (of course they couldn't become ama formally because they could not be given the precepts of Buddhism).

勿論、あまり堅苦しくない席ではこのような配慮は必要無いが、普段から練習しておくと自然と身に付いて大事な席での失敗が避けられると思われる。
Of course, in an informal situation this kind of consideration is not necessary however practicing everyday will help you learn naturally and so avoid making mistakes when it is really important.

作家個人の技量は勿論であるが、確かな全体構成を基に、細部に拘わらず一気に「描き上げる」ための、強靱かつ自由な精神性がより強く要求される。
As well as the individual skill of the artist, a strong and free spiritual nature for 'painting off' in a breath without regard to details based on an absolute total composition is required more.

「記紀」は勿論、『旧事本紀』などの古記録にも見られない独自の伝承を記すとともに、「本系図」上代部で省略されたと覚しき箇所もこれによって補い得る。
The Kanchu-keizu showcases original lore that cannot be found not only in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) but also in ancient records such as 'Kujihongi' (Ancient Japanese History) and supplements the Hon-keizu with the information about older ancestors, who are considered to be omitted in the Hon-keizu.

勿論、北辰一刀流免許皆伝の山南や目録の藤堂を子供扱いというのはさすがに永倉の言い過ぎであろうが、それだけ彼の剣技が凄まじかったということなのだろう。
Of course, Nagakura's statement that Yamanami, who had attained 'menkyo-kaiden' in the Hokushin Itto-ryu, and Todo, who was almost at the mokuroku level, were like children seems extreme, but may imply how superb and outstanding Okita's skill with the sword was.

欧米を中心とする先進諸国は勿論、アジア全体と比較しても異例の低比率のため、日本のキリスト教関係者は、かつてこれを「1%の壁」と形容していたこともある。
The figure is extraordinary low compared with the whole of Asia as well as developed countries mainly in Europe and the United States, and those involved in Christianity in Japan once described this situation as 'the wall of one percent.'

だが、慢性的な財政難に苦しむ借手側の藩も勿論のこと、既に多額の貸付を抱えてしまった貸手側の商人も全ての大名貸から手を引けるような状況ではなくなりつつあった。
However, it was very difficult for merchants to walk away from daimyogashi because they already arranged large amount of loans, and it was also hard for domains who were suffering from chronic financial difficulty.

また、丁稚は勿論のこと手代までは住み込みを原則とする商家が多く、番頭になってようやく住み込みから解放され、通い（自宅通勤）が許されるといったケースが多かった。
At many mercantile families, employees up to tedai rank were expected to live with the merchant and his family, so the employee in banto position was finally freed from this obligation and was allowed to commute from his own home.

「他宗にも公方にも対しては、などか物をいまざらんや。他宗他門に向かいては、もとよりいむべきこと勿論なり。また、よそのひとの物いむといいてそしることあるべからず。」
In other sects, there is no reason for not conducting Monoimi for kubo (shogunal representative). There is no problem for believers of other sects'/schools' to conduct monoimi. Further, monto must not slander believers of other sects for conducting monoimi.'

このため、家康は三成に関わるものとして佐和山城は勿論のこと、寺であろうと何であろうと破却させ、直政の後を継いだ子の井伊直継には新たに彦根城を築城するように命じた。
Because of this, Ieyasu destroyed all sorts of things related to Mitsunari including temples to say nothing of Sawayama-jo Castle, and ordered Naotsugu II, a son of Naomasa, who succeeded his father, to construct Hikone-jo Castle.

ただし、品位そのものは天皇との親疎は勿論のこと当該皇親の母親の出自や年齢、経歴、その他社会的評価に基づいて叙せられる場合が多く、一品親王と皇位継承との関連性は全く無い。
However, since the Honi was most of time conferred based on the degree of the intimacy with the emperor, the origin of Koshin's mother, the age, the career and the other social valuation, there was no relation between the Ippon Shinno and the succession to the Imperial Throne.

この法度の以前においては天子は法を越える存在であるとされ、武家法には勿論のこと、大宝律令・養老律令をはじめとする公家政権の法制においても天子に関する条文は存在しなかった。
Before this law, the emperor was treated as an entity transcending the law; therefore, no provision concerning the emperor had existed not only in Buke ho (Samurai laws) but also in any law made by the Kuge (court nobles) Government including the Taiho Ritsuryo and Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period).

これに対して政友会をはじめとする政党や一般国民、幸三派のうち入閣を拒否した同成会は勿論のこと、閣僚を出していた茶話会・公正会までが清浦内閣と研究会の糾弾を始めたのである。
In response, political parties such as Seiyu-kai, ordinary people and Doseikai (one of saiwai-sanpa) which refused to send its member to the cabinet, and even Sawakai and Koseikai which sent their members to the cabinet started to condemn KIYOURA Cabinet and Kenkyukai.

弾左衛門は支配地内の配下は勿論のこと、関東近国の天領の被差別民についても裁判権を持っており、罪を犯したものは屋敷内の白州で裁きを受け、屋敷内に設けられた牢屋に入れられた。
Danzaemon had jurisdiction not only over the subordinates within the ruling area but the hisabetsumin living in the tenryo (shogunal demesnes) in the provinces around the Kanto region, and those who committed crimes were tried by a private court called 'shirasu' (literally the white sandbar) set up in the premise, and locked up in a prison also constructed within the premise.

こうした組織では神事での役割や座席の地位に従って上下関係が生み出され、座席の席が限定される事から地域外の者は勿論のこと、地域内の者に対しても排他的な組織を形成するに至った。
In such a group, vertical relationships were developed according to the roles of ritual services or positions within the group; people inside the village were even excluded, much less people outside the village because the positions within the group were limited.

皮肉にも幕府の正統性を守ろうとした直義は、それ故に当の幕府将軍である尊氏との外交戦争に敗れることになり、諸国の武士からは勿論、大高重成のような側近からも離反される結果を招いた。
It is ironic that Tadayoshi who attempted to preserve the legitimacy of the bakufu was defeated in a diplomatic battle with Takauji, the Muromachi shogun, for this very reason and ended up being alienated from not only the samurai of the provinces but also from close associates such as Shigenari Otaka.

後白河法皇の死後は自ら親政及び院政を行ったが、治天の君として土御門天皇を退かせて寵愛する順徳天皇を立てその子孫に皇位継承させた事には貴族社会からは勿論、他の親王達からの不満を買った。
After the Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa died, Go-Toba-in, as a Chiten no kimi, ruled the government directly or started a cloister government, whereupon he forced Emperor Tsuchimikado to abdicate from the throne and let his favorite (the future Emperor Juntoku) assume the throne, followed by Emperor Juntoku's descendants as successors; thus it is needless to say that the lords and princes were hostile against him due to this incident.

この乱を「洞の乱」とも呼ぶのはこの内乱に参加した伊達氏家臣は勿論、一般には外部の戦国大名と認識されている蘆名氏や最上氏・相馬氏などもこの乱の当時においては洞の一員であったからである。
The reason why this internal war was also called 'The Utsuro War,' was because those who participated, the vassals of the Date clan as well as the Ashina, Mogami and Soma clans, who were generally regarded as independent Sengoku daimyo, were members of Date's Utsuro at the time of the war.

日本文学における第一級の資料である事は勿論だが、方言による歌もいくつか収録されており、さらにその中には詠み人の出身地も記録されていることから、言語学の資料としても非常に重要な資料である。
The Manyoshu is unquestionably an outstanding source within Japanese literature, and as it contains poems written in dialects from the places the composers were from it is also a very important source within linguistics.

大河ドラマ『北条時宗 (NHK大河ドラマ)』では基平は元 (王朝)（モンゴル）への返書を非として亀山天皇の眼前で切腹自害し、北条時輔の介錯を受ける硬派な関白として登場するが、勿論フィクションである。
In the annual year-long historical drama series 'Tokimune HOJO,' Motohira was depicted as an uncompromising Kanpaku as could be seen in the scene where he committed seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) aided by Tokisuke HOJO's act of kaishaku (a merciful blow on to the neck by a second with a sword) in front of Emperor Kameyama, insisting that Tokimune not respond to the letter from Yuan (Mongolia); however, the story is, of course, fictional.

しかしながら、徳川政権により上田から海津城（松代）に移された真田氏は藩主は勿論、家臣団にとっても武田配下だった「御先祖様」活躍の地であるためもあって幕末まで戦跡は保護されたり語り継がれることとなった。
However, the Sanada clan was transferred from Ueda to Kaizu-jo Castle (located in Matsushiro) by the Tokugawa administration, and because the area was the place where the ancestors of the lord of the domain and of the retainers had had a lively showing, therefore the battle sites were protected and tales about the sites were handed down for generations until the end of the Edo period.

勿論、文章院は公的機関である大学寮直曹であったから、大学別曹を持たない氏族出身者の寄宿舎としても当然用いられたが、管理者である菅原氏・大江氏の博士と強い関係で結ばれて一種の学閥を形成することとなった。
It was needless to say that the Monjoin was the University Jikiso, an official institution, so that it also served as a dormitory for students from the clans which did not have a Daigaku besso of their own -- Thereby, a close relationship was developed between the students and their supervisor, hakase of the Sugawara clan or the Oe clan and the students formed a kind of academic clique.

だが、錦連行の実在性は確かではなく、実在人物である錦良助と三善清行・三善茂明との血縁関係の有無も不明である（勿論、「三善清行－錦良助－錦連行－三善茂明」という茂明を清行の曾孫とする系譜は事実ではない）。
It is uncertain, however, whether Tsurayuki NISHIKI really existed, and whether Ryosuke NISHIKI, who did exist, was related to Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI and Shigeaki MIYOSHI (and it is certainly not true to state that Shigeaki was a great-grandson of Kiyoyuki as depicted in the family line of 'Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI - Ryosuke NISHIKI - Tsurayuki NISHIKI - Shigeaki MIYOSHI').

入信を断った場合に、非合法な物理力の行使による信仰の強制（もしくは拒否）や団体への寄付は勿論、勧誘した側の信仰を反対する親類への弱みに付け込んだ慰謝料を口実とした恐喝等と言った犯罪に発展することもある。
If the inducement to the religion is rejected, then it may turn to a crime, which is first of all the forced affiliation to (or rejection of) the religion or donation to the organization by exertion of unlawful physical power, or which is blackmail with the excuse of payment for pain and suffering exploiting the weak point of the relatives opposing the religious belief, or the like.

勿論、そのような時代になっても全国各地を回って勧進に尽力する勧進聖らも少なくなかったが、反面勧進聖を名乗って実態は物乞いなどの行為を行う者も現れる（前述の勧進比丘尼の遊女化もその1つである）ようになった。
It is true that, even with the change in circumstances, many monks worked hard traveling the countryside for the sake of their kanjin activities, but there were those who disguised themselves as monks but in effect begged for money (or some kanjin bikuni who prostituted themselves, as mentioned above).

これを「大覚寺義昭の乱」と呼ぶ場合もあるが、実際のところは一連の騒動の期間に義昭が吉野に滞在していた証拠は勿論、挙兵の中に義昭当人がいることを確認した者も存在せず、あくまでも風説の独り歩きでしかなかった。
Although some call this incident 'Daikaku-ji Gisho no ran' (The rebel of Daikaku-ji Gisho), actually, there is no evidence that Gisho stayed at Yoshino during the time of the turmoil and Gisho was among those who raised army against the shogunate, and the fact was that only a rumor spread.

外宮・内宮両大神宮の警固は勿論の事、伊勢湾・南海での異国不審船の取締りや伊勢志摩神領以外も支配したが、「日光御奉行」と同等同格の「山田御奉行」の最重要任務は「二十一年目御遷宮奉行」を取り仕切る任務であった。
In addition to security of the two grand shrines Geku (outer shrine) and Naiku (inner shrine), he also controlled the supervision of suspicious foreign ships in Ise Bay and the southern sea, even outside of Ise-Shima shrine territory, but the most important duty of the Yamada Bugyo, who was equal in standing to the Nikko Bugyo, was to carry out the '21st year rebuilding of Ise Shrine.'

一方で弓は武器として狩猟、戦場で用いられた事は勿論だが、人々の間で弓矢には霊妙な力があると信じられており、奈良時代には弓矢の奉納、弓射神事が行われ、またそれらを起源とした祭りや神事が現在でも各地に残っている。
On the other hand, not only was a bow used as a weapon for hunting and for battle, but also Yumiya/Kyushi (bow and arrow) were believed to have spiritual power, so that in Nara Period dedications of Yumiya and Yumiire shrine rituals were performed, which became the origin of present festivals and shrine rituals in various places.

当初から解放令の公布は天皇制の否定に直結しかねない行為であり天皇制と矛盾する、といった意見が明治政府内から数多く出ており、明治政府としては部落解放政策は勿論の事、解放令の存在も到底認めがたい物でしかなかった。
From the beginning, there were many opinions expressed from the inside of the Meiji Government that the proclamation of Kaiho Rei could be action to directly connect with negation of Emperor system and would conflict with Emperor system, and thus, Buraku emancipation policy, of course, and presence of Kaiho Rei also were intolerable matters for Meiji Government.

しかしながら、この頼朝の提案が事実とすれば為仁親王の外祖父である土御門通親は勿論のこと、守貞に譲位されれば治天の資格を喪失することになる後鳥羽院はともに強く反発したと予想され、朝幕関係は極めて緊張したと考えられる。
However, if Yoritomo's proposal was true, it is supposed that not only Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO, the maternal grandfather of Imperial Prince Tamehito, but also Gotoba-in (the Retired Emperor Gotoba), who would lose the power to control the nation if Morisada became Emperor, opposed it strongly: it is also thought that relations between the Imperial court and the bakufu were seriously strained at this time.

しかも交渉は双方の首都から離れた倭館のある釜山で開かれ、相手側政府の状況は勿論、担当者が自国政府の状況も十分把握できない状況下で交渉が行われたために相互ともに相手側が「九月協定」の合意内容を破ったと非難を始めて、6月には決裂した。
In addition, the negotiation was held in Busan distant from both capitals the Wakan located, and under the circumstances that the person in charge were unable to grasp the whole situation of their own government as well as other side's government, started blaming each other for violation of 'September Agreement' mutually, and then, it was broken off in June.

勿論、訴訟機関に届け出ることなく、和与状を作成して和与を行うこと（私和与）は可能であったが、訴訟機関による公式な裁許や和与のとりまとめがあった場合には私和与は無効とされたため、訴訟機関の裁許はその和与状の内容実現を保障する役割を担った。
Certainly, it was possible to make compromises by a Wayojo without reporting to any legal institution (private compromise), but private compromises were invalidated when judgments and compromises were sorted out by legal institutions, so their judgments guaranteed that the contents of the Wayojo would be carried out.

結果として自由民権運動や大隈の唱えるフランス流やイギリス流を否定したものの、岩倉らの進めようとしたプロシア流についても一旦は白紙撤回されることとなった（勿論、これによってプロシア（ドイツ）流論者の政府内での立場が強化されたのは事実であるが）。
As a result, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, France style and England style, which were recommended by Okuma, were rejected but also Prussia style, which was recommended by Iwakura, was rejected (as a result, people who advocated Prussia (Germany) style strengthened their position).

家元制度は家学宗家の権威を高める一方で家元である宗家当主は門人を免許の発給を通じて家学を支配していく役目に転化していったため、勿論家元に相応しい技能を有した宗家当主も存在したものの、それに相応しい能力を有しない継承者の隠蔽の役割も果たすことになった。
While the iemoto system enhanced the authority of the head family of the iemoto, because the role of the family head changed into the one ruling kagaku through issuing a license to the pupils, the family head also assumed the role in hiding the successor who was not competent even though some family heads themselves were not competent to the iemoto.

だが、経任ほどの破格の寵愛を受けてきた人間までが平然とそうした振舞いに出た事（勿論、彼がそれだけ能力に長けていて、敵味方問わずに必要な人材であるという朝廷内の認識があったからであるが）に対する人々のやり切れない思いが経任への怒り・非難として向けられたのである。
However, people's unbearable emotion against the fact that even a person like Tsunetada who received exceptional favor (needless to say, that was because he had outstanding capability and there was a recognition in the Imperial Court that he was necessary regardless friend or foe) behaved so coolly was directed to Tsunetada as anger and blame.

しかし由良川は国土交通大臣が国民経済上特に重要な河川などに対して指定する一級水系に指定されているとおり、市内に供給される浄水場の原水や農業用水としては勿論のこと、今では市民の手による鮎や鮭の稚魚の放流といったイベントが開かれるなど、市民の生活には欠くことのできない川である。
However, the Yura-gawa River is designated as a first class river, a classification designated by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism indicating rivers which are especially important to the national economy; these days, the river is essential to people's lives, as its water is used to supply water to the city via a purification plant for agriculture; moreover, various events, such as the release of young sweetfish and salmon are also held by citizens at the river as well.

清公以後、博士が学生と私的な師弟関係を結ぶきっかけとなり一種の学閥の形成が進むとともに、子弟の教育に力を注いだ（勿論、後継者である是善・道真の才能による部分も大きいが）ことによって菅原氏から世襲的に文章博士が輩出されるようになったため、才用（実力）があれば家柄や人脈にとらわれず評価されるべきであると主張した都腹赤（都良香の伯父）をはじめとする他の文章博士の反感を買った。
Starting with Kiyokimi, instructors at the Academy began to have personal interactions with their students as master and pupils, leading to the creation of a kind of school clique as well as a more concentrated effort by instructors like Kiyokimi truly to teach their students (of course, the contribution to this new system made by Kiyokimi's talented successors Koreyoshi and Michizane is also quite large) and as a result, the position of Monjo hakase became a more or less hereditary one, held by many from the Sugawara clan; this earned the clan the resentment of all the other Monjo hakase, especially MIYAKO no Haraaka (uncle of MIYAKO no Yoshika), who insisted that ability (real merit) should be the key to success, not birth privilege or personal connections.