Honyaku Star - Search: 勤め

勤め: 659 Terms and Phrases

勤め
service
duty
business
responsibility
task
Buddhist religious services

お勤め
one's business
reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha
bargain
discount
money paid to a prostitute or geisha

勤め人
office worker
salaried man
white-collar worker

勤め先
place of work
place of employment

御勤め
one's business
reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha
bargain
discount
money paid to a prostitute or geisha

勤める
to work (for)
to be employed (at)
to serve (in)
to serve (as)
to act (as)
to fill (the position of)
to play the role (of)
to conduct a religious service

勤め口
position
place of employment
engagement
post
work

勤め気
mercenary spirit

奥勤め
working as a lady's maid

勤め盛り
the prime of one's career

勤め働く
to work diligently

勤め奉公
apprenticeship

御勤め品
article offered at a bargain price
real bargain

勤め振り
assiduity
conduct

会社勤め
serving in a company

勤め帰り
on the way home from work

勤め向き
one's business
one's duties

相勤める
to work (for)
to be employed (at)
to serve (in)

勤め上げる
to serve out one's apprenticeship
to serve out one's time

勤め行なう
to carry on (work)

役を勤める
to act (as)
to hold an office
to play the part (of)

勤めている
work

勤めをやめる
resign
quit

審判を勤める
umpire

主将を勤める
serve as captain

代役を勤める
stand in for

～に勤めている
work for ~

式の司祭を勤める
officiate

～の代理を勤める
represent

店員として勤める
serve behind the counter

主に女形を勤めた。
He mainly performed as a male actor of female roles.

看護婦として勤める
serve as a nurse

彼は市に勤めていた
he was in the employ of the city

その勤めはすべて。
all that business.

新選組伍長を勤める。
He served as a corporal of the Shinsengumi.

小姓役などを勤めた。
He worked as a pageboy.

お勤めはどちらですか。
Who do you work for?

どちらにお勤めですか。
Who do you work for?

私は毎日勤めに出ます。
I go to work every day.

軍隊の兵士として勤める
serve as a soldier in the military

市役所に勤めてるんだ。
I have a position in one of the city departments.

陪審に勤める市民の義務
the civic duty to serve on a jury

彼の勤め先はどこですか。
Who does he work for?

彼女は銀行に勤め続けた。
She continued her job in the bank.

彼女は銀行に勤めている。
She works in a bank.

海運会社に勤めています。
I work for a shipping company.

指定された期間に勤める人
a person who serves a specified term

会社に並外れて長く勤めた
had unusual longevity in the company

父は銀行に勤めています。
My father works for a bank.

再び女子華族院に勤める。
She began working at Kazoku Girls' School once again.

安倍氏の長者を代々勤めた。
The Tsuchimikado family acted as the head of the Abe clan for successive generations.

私は石油会社に勤めている。
I work for an oil company.

どこの会社にお勤めですか。
Which company do you work for?

私の父は銀行に勤めている。
My father works for a bank.

彼は郡刑務所で刑期を勤めた
he is doing time in the county jail

彼は15ヶ月の刑期を勤めた
he served a prison term of 15 months

彼は大きな会社に勤めていた
he works for a large cap

選挙民のために勤める立法者
a body of legislators that serve in behalf of some constituency

彼は広告会社に勤めている。
He works for an advertising agency.

彼に新しい勤め口があった。
He got a new job.

晩年は関宿町町長を勤めた。
He served as the mayor of Sekiyado Town in his last years.

後、丹後守・備前守を勤めた。
He subsequently served as the governor of Tango Province and Bizen Province.

会津戦争では軍目付を勤めた。
He served as a Gun Metsuke during the Aizu War.

及び山伏がシテを勤めるもの。
Oni Yamabushi Kyogen also includes such Kyogen that the performer playing the role of Yamabushi (a mountain priest) assumes the role of 'Shite'.

外務大臣 (日本)を勤めた。
He worked as the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs.

父は電力会社に勤めています。
My father works for a power company.

彼女は商事会社に勤めている。
She is employed in a trading company.

どちらの会社にお勤めですか。
Which company do you work for?

ある貿易会社に勤めています。
I'm working for a trading firm.

私の父は外務省に勤めている。
My father serves in the Foreign Ministry.

「幻灯機のお勤めはだめだ。」
'I bar the magic-lantern business.'

講武所の剣術師範代を勤めた。
He served as an assistant instructor of swordsmanship at Kobusho.

和歌山城の普請奉行を勤めた。
He was involved in the construction of Wakayama-jo Castle as fushin bugyo (administrator of civil engineering).

彼はその船の水先人を勤めた。
He served as the pilot of the ship.

勤行集などを読みながら勤める。
Gongyo is performed by reading texts such as the gongyoshu (collection of gongyo text).

どちらの新聞社にお勤めですか。
Which newspaper do you work for?

私は、旅行会社に勤めています。
I work for a travel agency.

彼女は出版社に２年勤めている。
She has been with a publishing company for two years.

彼は30年間勤めたあと退職した
he retired after 30 years of service

彼は3年間部の代表として勤めた
He served as head of the department for three years

初倉村の村議及び村長を勤める。
He served as a member of the village assembly and as a village headman of Hatsukura-mura.

京都工芸研究会委員長も勤める。
He works as the chair of the Kyoto Kogei Kenkyukai (Kyoto Crafts Study Group).

彼は勤め口を探しているそうだ。
I hear he is looking for work.

現在は小堀卓厳和尚が勤めている
Koho-an Temple is currently served by Takugen KOBORI.

彼はもうここには勤めていない。
He no longer works here.

斎宮に近侍してその用を勤めた。
Naishi attended on Saigu and looked after her.

その老人はその王に何年も勤めた。
The old man served the king for many years.

凶悪犯罪者用の刑務所で勤めた期間
a term served in a maximum security prison

お勤めは申し分なくやるつもりだ。
I'll do the job right enough.

我慢（がまん）して勤めてやろう。
there was no alternative. I had to do it.

母は勤めの帰りに買い物をします。
My mother does her usual shopping on her way home from work.

彼は定年まで大過なく勤めあげた。
He served without any serious errors until he reached retirement age.

彼の兄は貿易会社に勤めています。
His brother works for a trading company.

姉は秘書として銀行に勤めています。
My sister works in a bank as a secretary.

彼は連邦刑務所でずっと刑期を勤めた
he did a stretch in the federal penitentiary

軍に勤める男性または女性の下士官兵
an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

（誰か）に対するエースとして勤める
serve an ace against (someone)

万一勤めをやめたら、どうしますか。
If you were to quit your job, what would you do?

27歳で文部省と東京大学に勤める。
At the age of 27, he worked for the Ministry of Education and the University of Tokyo.

外交文書などを発行する奏者を勤めた。
He held the position of sosha (an official) in charge of issuing diplomatic documents and so on.

僧や新発意、座頭がシテを勤めるもの。
In Shukke Zato Kyogen, the performer playing the role of a monk, Shinbochi (a fresh monk who entered into the priesthood shortly before) or Zato (title of the official ranks within the Todo-za [the traditional guild for the blind]) assumes the role of 'Shite.'

あなたはあの勤め口に申し込むべきだ。
You should apply for that post.

きみのお父さんは銀行にお勤めですね？
Your father works for a bank, doesn't he?

彼女はアメリカの大会社に勤めている。
She works for a large American corporation.

家事をするより勤めに出たほうが楽だ。
It's easier for me to have a job than to do housework.

父は技師としてその工場に勤めている。
My father works at the factory as an engineer.

同盟国の軍隊への顧問として勤める将校
a military officer who serves as an adviser to the troops of an allied nation

明治天皇の侍医、宮内庁御用掛を勤める。
He was a court physician for the Emperor Meiji and served as a goyo-gakari (functions to do the business) for the Imperial Household Agency.

新選組では伍長・砲術師範などを勤めた。
In the Shinsengumi, he served as gocho (a corporal) and hojutsu shihan (instructor for gunnery).

彼が電子部品関係の会社に勤めています。
He works for an electronics company.

こんどの勤め口でしばらく辛抱しなさい。
You must put up with your new post for the present.

私はこの新聞社に勤めて４年になります。
I have been working for this newspaper for 4 years.

彼女は政府機関に勤めているのでしょう？
She's with a government bureau, isn't she?

吉雄家は代々オランダ通詞を勤めた家系。
The Yoshio family had served as Dutch interpreter for generations.

彼女には銀行に勤めている叔父がいます。
She has an uncle who works in a bank.

冠婚葬祭の役割を勤める少数の教区当局者
a minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function

2人の男は、受付に職員として勤めている
The two men staff the reception desk

彼は3年間ベトナムの戦域で軍隊に勤めた
he served in the Vietnam theater for three years

教師または信用のある助言者として勤める
serve as a teacher or trusted counselor

その後、日活に入社して助監督を勤めた。
Afterwards, Yamamoto was employed by the Nikkatsu (movie studio) and worked as an assistant director.

徳川家康に仕えて初期の大番頭を勤める。
Shigekatsu was oban gashira (captains of the great guards) in the early Edo period, serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

「千五百番歌合」などの判者も勤めている。
He was also a judge of 'Sengohyaku ban Uta-awase' (One thousand five hundred Poetry Matches).

その後、華族世襲財産審議会議長を勤める。
Subsequently, he served as chairman of the committee on heredity property of the peerage.

主従もののうち、大名がシテを勤めるもの。
Daimyo Kyogen is a program dealing with stories between a lord and vassals, in which the performer playing the role of Daimyo (the feudal lord) assumes the role of 'Shite.'

私は千葉市民ですが、東京で勤めています。
I am a citizen of Chiba, but work in Tokyo.

去年から彼はあの会社に勤めているのです。
He began to work for that company last year.

しかるべき苦労もなく楽な兵役を勤める兵士
a soldier who performs his duties without proper care or effort

長年の勤めがすべて無駄になってしまった！
All his long years of service gone for nothing!

いったん実家に帰り女学校に勤め結婚する。
After graduating he temporarily moved back in to his parents' home, whereupon he took up a teaching job at a local girls' school and also married.

彼は３０年勤めた後、その会社を退職した。
He retired from the company after 30 years' service.

伊勢神宮の記録では5年ほど勤めたという。
He served for 5 years according to the records of Ise-jingu Shrine.

主に大芝居に進出し、道外方、頭取を勤めた。
He mainly worked for Oshibai (a licensed theather in Edo period) and played Dokegata and Todori (chief).

以来、金剛流の座付として代々ワキを勤めた。
Since then, they have played the role of waki (a supporting character) exclusively for the Kongo school for generations.

江戸時代には鷺流とともに幕府御用を勤めた。
In the Edo period, the Okura school served as an official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court, along with the Sagi school.

相勤めまする役人替名（やーくにんかえな）。
Here is the cast.

その後も禁裏御用は相変わらず勤めてはいた。
The Izumi school served as an official Kyogen school in the Imperial Palace as before.

パーティーでは誰がホストを勤めるのですか。
Who will host the party?

私は千葉県市民ですが、東京で勤めています。
I am a citizen of Chiba, but work in Tokyo.

私には息子がいるが、貿易会社に勤めている。
I have a son, who works for a trading company.

私は会社勤めです。普通のサラリーマンです。
I'm a company man - an ordinary salaried office worker.

嘉応2年（1170年）6月6日間で勤める。
He worked as Daijodaijin until June 6, 1170.

また桓武天皇崩御の際には御装束司を勤めた。
When Emperor Kanmu died, he played an important role as a goshozokushi (a government official who handles important rituals).

復帰後の重盛は、朝廷の公事を精力的に勤めた。
After returning to the post, Shigemori actively engaged himself in Imperial affairs.

新選組局長近藤勇の側近を勤めていたとされる。
It is said that he was a close aide to Isami KONDO, the leader of the Shinsengumi.

1971年宮中において「棒しばり」を勤める。
He performed 'Boshibari' in the Imperial Court in 1971.

主従もののうち、太郎冠者がシテを勤めるもの。
Shomyo Kyogen is also a program dealing with stories between a lord and vassals, in which the performer playing the role of Tarokaja (a common name for a manservant in Kyogen) assumes the role of 'Shite.'

黙想の勤めと告解はするつもりだ、そして・・・
I'll do the retreat business and confession, and...

スポーツニュースのように、解説者として勤める
serve as a commentator, as in sportscasting

代々江戸詰の津山藩医を勤める家系に生まれる。
He came from the family of doctors of the Tsuyama Domain working in Edo for generations.

7月に勤める地域と、8月に勤める地域がある。
In July or August, depending on local customs.

その後、奈良西大寺 (奈良市)の大鎮を勤めた。
Later he served as Daichin (chief administrative priest of a temple) of Saidai-ji Temple in Nara (today's Nara city).

祖父の代から小浜藩の蘭方医を勤めた家系という。
Originally, Junan's grandfather began to serve the Obama clan as Ranpoi.

彼は現在、京都大学等の非常勤講師を勤めている。
He currently works as a part-time lecturer at Kyoto University and other schools.

介錯は通常、正副の2人、あるいは3人で勤めた。
There were usually two or three individuals who served as kaishakunin.

幕府3代将軍徳川家光の歌道指南役を勤めている。
He also worked for Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun of the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), as an instructor of Kado (Waka versification).

高等師範学校（後の東京高等師範学校）に勤める。
He started working at Higher Normal School (later, Tokyo Higher Normal School).

斎宮寮に同じく、斎院に近侍してその用を勤めた。
Similar to Naishi of Saiguryo, Naishi of Saiinshi attended on Saiin and look after her.

天平宝字8年に栄井宿禰に改姓し、経師を勤めた。
In 764 he changed his surname and kabane to Sakai no Sukune and worked as kyoji (a craftsman who mounts calligraphy or paintings on scroll or sliding doors).

その後は明治天皇に拝謁して京都の警備を勤めた。
After that, he was received in audience by the Emperor Meiji, and served as a security guard in Kyoto Prefecture.

父・尾張藩武士・長谷川吉数は鷹狩り供役を勤める。
His father Yoshikazu HASEGAWA, a samurai of the Owari Domain, had served as an attendant to his master when he went hawking.

天保10年（1839年）より西丸若年寄を勤める。
From 1839, he served as Nishinomaru wakadoshiyori.

二代目の重直は上野国安中・坂元両所奉行を勤めた。
The second family head, Shigenao, held the office of shogunate administrator of Annaka and Sakamoto of Kozuke Province.

幕末まで禁裏御用を勤め、京観世の中心とされる家。
The family served official business of the Imperial Palace until the end of Edo period, and it is considered as the center of Kyokanze (the Kanze school in Kyoto).

その会社は常に顧客を満足させるように勤めている。
The company always strives to satisfy its customers.

銀行に勤めている間に、彼は大学で経済学を教えた。
While employed in the bank, he taught economics at college.

米国の法律専門家で、連邦最高裁判所の長官を勤めた
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court

幕府では寺社奉行、京都所司代を経て老中を勤めた。
In the bakufu (feudal government), he served as Jisha-bugyo (Commissioner of Temples and Shrines), Kyoto-shoshidai (Shogun's deputy in Kyoto), and then Roju.

昼間は東京帝国大学、夜間は東京物理学校へ勤めた。
He worked for Tokyo Imperial University in the daytime and the Tokyo College of Science in the nighttime.

2 平安時代の、内侍司の長官を勤めた女官の官名。
2. the government post for the court lady who served as Kami (director) of Naishi no tsukasa.

後三友派の会長を勤め、1910年、68歳で引退。
Later he served as the chairman of Sanyu school (of Rakugo) and in 1910 he retired at the age of 68.

そのため基次は死を決して先鋒を勤めたと言われる。
It is said that Mototsugu had desperately volunteered the spearhead army for that reason.

才知に長け、大坂の役の際には和議の使者を勤める。
She was very smart and served as an envoy for peace negotiations at the time of the Siege of Osaka.

将軍侍医などを勤め、将軍徳川家茂などの治療を行う。
He served as a personal doctor for shogun and treated such as Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA.

この間、円融天皇が受戒する際の戒和尚を勤めている。
Meanwhile, he served as a preceptor when Emperor Enyu received religious precepts.

近年では尾上菊五郎 (7代目)が幸蔵を勤めている。
In recent years, Kikugoro ONOE VII plays the role of Kozo.

以後、780年（宝亀11）末まで太政官首班を勤める。
After that, he worked as the shuhan (the head seat) of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) until the end of 780.

また、日本能楽会理事、東京藝術大学講師などを勤めた。
He also served as the commissioner of the Association for Japanese Noh Plays and the instructor of Tokyo University of the Arts.

このところ相勤めまする役人替名（やーくにんかえな）。
Here is the cast.

米国の将軍で、参謀長を勤めた初のアフリカ系アメリカ人
United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff

孝心篤く、官に勤めては仁政を布く能吏として知られた。
He was known as quite a dutiful son to his parents, and was also known as a capable official at work whose rule was benevolent.

久居藤堂藩に勤める、250石の宮川氏の五男であった。
He was the fifth son of the Miyagawa clan who worked for Hisai Todo Domain and was given 250 koku (a unit of volume) of rice.

源氏物語中、光源氏が勅使を勤めるシーンが印象的である。
In the Tale of Genji, the scene of Hikaru Genji playing the Imperial delegate is impressive.

1073年（延久5年）後三条天皇の出家の戒師を勤めた。
He served as a kaishi (the priest who imparts the Buddhist commandments) for Emperor Gosanjo when he entered into the priesthood in 1073.

観世流以外の諸座の狂言のほとんどは大蔵流が勤めていた。
Members belonging to the Okura school performed Kyogen in almost all troupes except those belonging to the Kanze school.

我々は天然の資源を保存するように勤めなければならない。
We must try to conserve our natural resources.

その会社に勤めだしてすぐ、彼は煙草を吸うようになった。
He got into the habit of smoking soon after he got a job in the company.

彼女は、私たちの今週病気である秘書の代わりを勤めている
She is covering for our secretary who is ill this week

匡房は後三条天皇・白河天皇・堀河天皇三帝の侍読を勤めた。
Masafusa was an Imperial tutor and served three emperors: Emperor Gosanjo, Emperor Shirakawa, and Emperor Horikawa.

松井家は細川血族として代々筆頭家老を勤め、明治まで続く。
Until the Meiji period, the MATSUI family kept the position of the Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) for generations as a blood relative of the Hosokawa family.

結局、秀忠が頑として譲らなかったため先陣は秀忠が勤めた。
After all, as Hidetada was too adamant to make concessions, he led the van.

このように物語を動かす上での重要な役どころを勤めている。
In this way, she takes on an important role in advancing the story.

侠客を歌舞伎の舞台でよく勤めた役者が多門庄左衛門である。
Shozaemon TAMON was a Kabuki actor who often played an role of kyokaku on Kabuki stages.

「外郎売実ハ曾我五郎」は市川團十郎 (2代目)が勤めた。
The role of 'The Medicine Peddler whose true identity is SOGA no Goro' was acted by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the 2nd).

長年勤めたが、彼は市場が高騰するのに出会ったことはない。
In his lengthy career he had never seen the market so high.

もちろん家でも勤め先でも、一生懸命働かなくてはならない。
O course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business.

幕府御用掛を勤めながら、資金面から勤皇の志士を後援した。
While he served as Bakufu Goyo-gakari (Shogunate's official business person), he supported Kinno no shishi (patriots with reverence for the Emperor) from the fund side.

行政・軍政とも職の下に位置し、武田氏の下部組織を勤める。
They were positioned under the Shiki (agency) of the administrative or military organization, and served as an underlying organization of the Takeda clan.

（しかしこの勤めは必ずしも小姓の一般的な勤めではない）。
(However, this duty was not necessarily a common responsibility for Kosho.)

江戸時代の生野奉行は11代、代官に改組後は28人が勤めた。
11 bugyo served at the Ikuno bugyosho and after the reorganization took place, 28 daikan served at the Ikuno daikansho during the Edo period.

議員としての中川は、常任委員会第三部請願委員などを勤めた。
As a member of the House of Peers, NAKAGAWA took charge of the petition council of the 3rd department of the standing committee.

秀助は山口県庁に奉職し、勤めを辞めてからは酒造業を始めた。
Hidesuke worked for Yamaguchi Prefectural Government and after quitting the job, he started a sake brewing factory.

2場所勤めて陥落し、明治20年5月場所には小結まで落ちる。
However, after two tournaments he fell to Komusubi in the May Tournament in 1887.

そのため天皇の信がすこぶる篤く、要務を勤めることとなった。
Therefore, he gained the strong trust of the Emperor and played an important role.

足守藩士で勘定方に勤めていた安富正之進の子として生まれる。
He was born as the child of Masanoshin YASUTOMI, who was a feudal retainer working as kanjogata (an accounting officer) in the Ashimori Domain.

9月に江戸に帰り中村座の経営と俳優業を勤めたとされている。
In September, he was said to have returned to Edo and run the Nakamura-za Theater while acting.

（に）トレーナーまたはコーチとして勤める、スポーツのように
act as a trainer or coach (to) , as in sports

指定された種類の頭部または指導者として勤める何かを持つさま
having a head of a specified kind or anything that serves as a head

ドイツの首相として勤めたドイツの政治家（1918年生まれ）
German statesman who served as chancellor of Germany (born in 1918)

教義上、功徳を積むため勤めたり、祖先の霊に向けて勤めない。
According to the doctrine of this school, the believers should do gongyo not to accumulate virtues and not for spirits of the ancestors.

翌年奏者番兼寺社奉行となり元治1年（1864年）まで勤める。
In the following year, he became a sojaban and jisha-bugyo and served until 1864.

国友村で年寄脇（年寄の次席）を勤める御用鉄砲鍛冶の家の一つ。
One of the gun smith families in Kunitomo village patronized by the government that had the rank of toshiyoriwaki (a hereditary rank given to gun smith families), which was one below toshiyori.

なおこの際に院使饗応役を勤めたのは菰野藩主土方雄豊であった。
And Katsutoyo HIJIKATA, the lord of Komono Domain, was in charge of entertaining Inshi (a messenger from the retired Emperor), on this occasion.

代々金春流で狂言を勤めた大蔵弥右衛門家が室町後期に創流した。
The Yaemon OKURA family, whose members had performed Kyogen in the Konparu school from generation to generation, established the Okura school in the late Muromachi period.

介錯人は、修行門からはいり、正副の2人、または3人が勤める。
The kaishakunin would enter through the shugyomon and may be aided by two or three assistants.

江戸時代、大奥に勤める上臈・中臈など高位の女性が打掛を着た。
In the Edo period,the women of higher position such as joro (the highest grade ladies-in-waiting) and churo (the middle grade ladies-in-waiting) who serve in the O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) wore the uchikake.

能吏として知られ、内記・外記を勤めた後、諸国国司を歴任した。
Known as a capable official, he served as Naiki (Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs) and Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), and then he assumed the position of provincial governor in various provinces one after another.

嘉応元年（1169年）11月の八十嶋祭では、勅使役を勤めた。
At Yasoshima Festival in November 1169, Keishi acted the role of the Imperial messenger.
She served as an imperial envoy at Yasoshima Festival in November, 1169.

1615年には大坂の役にも参陣し、のち家康の御伽衆を勤める。
In 1615, he took part in the Siege of Osaka, and later he served Ieyasu as an otogishu (adviser).

神道精武流を学び、幕府講武所の剣術師範を勤めたと伝えられる。
It is said that Sasaki studied at Shintoseibu school and worked as the grand master of swordsmanship at the shogunate military training school.

慶応2年（1866年）、山城宇治橋、伊勢山田の警護を勤めた。
In 1866, Takakuni served as a guard of Yamashiro Uji-bashi Bridge and Ise Yamada.

種痘所が公営（幕府営）となったのちも、そのまま頭取を勤めた。
He continued to serve as the chief after the vaccination institute became publicly owned by the shogunate.

彼がどうして突然勤めを辞めてしまったのかさっぱり分からない。
I don't know at all why he quit his job suddenly.

彼は会社に勤めて２年も経たないうちに、語学の力を認められた。
He had not been employed by the company two years before his linguistic abilities were recognized.

幕府では寺社奉行を二期勤め、京都所司代を経て老中に就任した。
Norihiro served as Jisha Bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) for two terms and Kyoto Shoshidai (the Kyoto deputy), before was assigned to be roju.

元和 (日本)3年（1617年）京都知恩院普請の奉行を勤めた。
In 1617, he oversaw the construction of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto.

それに対し、石田は長年の商家勤めから商業の本質を熟知していた。
On the other hand, Ishida had full knowledge of commercial essence from the years of work at mercantile house.

、浅草寺に『暫』の鎌倉権五郎を勤める九代目の銅像が建てられた。
In 1919 a bronze statue of the Ninth acting Gongoro KAMAKURA in 'Shibaraku' was built in Senso-ji Temple.

装束の奉仕は、藤原邦綱・宗盛・親宗など滋子に近い人々が勤めた。
FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna, Munemori, and Chikamune helped arrange the costumes of those who were in close relationships with Shigeko.

芸妓はあくまでも芸を売って座の取持ちを行うのがその勤めである。
The role of geigi, first and foremost, is to entertain the party that they are assigned to with their arts.

これまで旅行会社に勤めてきたが、アフリカには行ったことがない。
In all my career as a travel agent, I never visited Africa.

首席の「極﨟」を6年間勤めると巡爵し、自動的に五位に昇進した。
When a person had spent six years in the position of Gokuro, they were automatically promoted to the Fifth Rank.

助六：女助六ほか五役を瀬川菊之丞 (3代目)が早替わりで勤めた。
Sukeroku: Kikunojo SEGAWA III performed the Female Sukeroku and other five roles by quickly changing costumes.

三味線奏者は専業だが、鳴物奏者は若手の落語家が勤めることが多い。
While shamisen players are professional, young storytellers often play the narimono.

聟入りもののように聟がシテを勤めるもの、及び女性の登場するもの。
Muko Onna Kyogen is a Kyogen in which the performer playing the role of Muko (bridegroom) assumes the role of 'Shite,' and a performer playing a female role comes onstage.

長男は明石屋を継承し、主に立役を勤める大谷友右衛門 (8代目)。
His older son, Tomoemon OTANI the Eighth, took over the trade name 'Akashiya' and performs mainly as tachiyaku (a leading male-role actor).

父（丸山氏）は江戸の吉原 (東京都)で遊廓の勤め人だったという。
His father (Maruyama clan) was said to have worked at 'yukaku' (a red-light district) in Yoshiwara, Edo.

明日はそこにいって、まだその勤め口が残っているか、尋ねてみよう。
He would find him to-morrow and ask for the position.

幕末の動乱期では早くから朝廷に味方して、京都の警備などを勤めた。
In unquiet days of the end of Edo period, he took the Imperial Court side early on, and served as a security guard and other posts.

正親町公蔭（京極為兼の養子）・藤原為基・冷泉為秀らが寄人を勤めた。
Kinkage OGIMACHI (an adopted son of Tamekane KYOGOKU), FUJIWARA no Tamemoto, and Tamehide REIZEI were chosen as members of the compiling work.

もっとも当時年季休役、御用に限り、これまた相勤め申すべきものなり。
Also, the usual yearly work must be conducted.

元禄2年（1689年）および元禄5年（1692年）に奥詰を勤める。
In 1689 and 1692, he worked as an okuzume (adviser to the shogun).

相模松田氏は北条家家臣団として御由緒家七家に列し、家老職を勤める。
The Sagami Matsuda clan ranked the seven families of Goyuishoke (successive retainers of the Hojo family) as vassals of the Hojo family, and served as Karo (chief retainer).

松井家は細川血族として明治維新まで代々筆頭家老を勤めることになる。
As a blood relation of the Hosokawa clan, the Matsui clan continued to serve as Hittokaro (the head of chief retainers) until the Meiji Restoration.

11月21～28日の間に本山で厳修される報恩講の予修として勤める。
Gongyo is done as the preliminary event of the gonshu (holding a Buddhist ceremony) of Hoonko at the head temple from November 21 to November 28.

海外問題のアドバイザーとして勤めるよう、私に大統領より連絡があった
I was approached by the President to serve as his adviser in foreign matters

地位や職務で、別の人が適切にまたは習慣的に付いたり勤めたりするもの
the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

なお監督も勤めたのはシリーズ第2作の『緋牡丹博徒一宿一飯』のみ。
He was the director only for the second of the 'Hibotanbakuto ihhakuichimeshi' (Crimson Tree Peony Gambling: One Night Stay and One Meal).

醍醐天皇・村上天皇朝に活躍し、憲平親王（冷泉天皇）の侍読を勤めた。
He was active during the eras of Emperor Daigo and Emperor Murakami, and served as Jidoku (imperial tutor) for Imperial Prince Norihira (Emperor Reizei).

歌舞伎座幹部技芸委員長の要職を勤め技術の向上や技芸の伝承に尽くした。
He assumed the important position of the chairman of the artistry committee of the Kabuki-za Theater, and contributed richly for the improvement of the actors' technique and for the succession of the arts.

―　信三郎（三男）が勤めていた朝日新聞社を退社し、一澤帆布工業に入社
- Shinzaburo (the third son) retired the Asahi Shinbun Company for which he had worked and joined Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd.

私が１９９８年に定年になるときは、その大学へ３０年勤めたことになる。
When I reach retirement age in 1998, I will have worked for the college for thirty years.

問屋方より相触れ次第、人馬遅参致さず滞りなく差し出し相勤め申すべく候。
As soon as informed by the forward messenger sent from the wholesaler, send workers and horses without delay.

江戸時代に入り春日仲見が地下家として再興し、代々久我家諸大夫を勤めた。
But then in the Edo period Nakami KASUGA revived the family line as a jige (lower-ranking courtier) family, and for generations thereafter family members served the Koga family as high stewards.

斎宮寮 - 斎宮の用を勤め、伊勢太神宮、伊勢の神領に関する事務を掌る。
Saiguryo (Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise Shrine): worked for Saigu (imperial princess appointed to serve Ise Shrine) and was in charge of clerical work concerning the affairs of the shrine and the shrine estate.

朝政は父が京で大番役を勤めており兵が少なく、加わると偽りの答えを返す。
Tomomasa answered Yoshihiro, dutifully lying that Tomomasa had fewer soldier then because his father served as Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) in Kyoto with their soldiers.

『勧進帳』の弁慶を勤めれば、芝居が未熟だと小團次にこっぴどく叱られる。
When acting Benkei in 'Kanjincho,' he was severely scolded for his immature acting by Kodanji.

米国の法律専門家で、最高裁判所の長官を勤めた（1890年−1953年）
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court (1890-1953)

「道成寺」・「乱」・「石橋」等の大曲・秘曲を含め数多くの舞台を勤める。
He participated in numerous Noh stages from famous mighty works to hidden items including 'Dojo-ji Temple,' 'Rebellion,' and 'Shakkyo' (lit. Stone Bridge) etc.

まず泰綱が燻鞠をカエデの枝に付けて親王に進め、難波宗教が上鞠を勤めた。
First Yasutsuna passed the Prince a smoked ball which was stringed to a maple branch, after which Munenori NANBA played as an expert player who kicked off the game.

それを意気に感じた光太郎は戦後10年ほどのあいだに充実した舞台を勤める。
Being inspired by that event, Mitsutaro committed himself to high quality noh plays for 10 years after the war.

最晩年（1955年）に勤めた桜間弓川「関寺小町」で一箇月の稽古を求めた。
He asked for a one-month practice of 'Seki-dera Komachi' (Komachi at Seki-dera Temple) by Kyusen SAKURAMA, which he performed in his last days (1955).

本外題は主役の助六を勤める役者によって変わる（詳細は今日の助六を参照)。
The title is different for the actor to impersonate the leading role Sukeroku (for further details, see 'Currently Performed Sukeroku.')

花魁に限らないが、客が遊女の身代金や借金を支払って勤めを終えさせること。
Miuke means that a customer of a courtesan (not only an oiran) pays off her debts, or pays money to redeem her so that she no longer needs to work as a courtesan.

閻魔大王や鬼の類がシテを勤めるもの（人が鬼に化ける話もこれに含まれる）。
Oni Yamabushi Kyogen is a Kyogen in which the performer playing the role of Enma Daio (the King of Hell), Oni (ogre), or others assumes the role of 'Shite'; it includes programs with the story that people turn into Oni.

3年後、大坂に出て天満の呉服商綿屋利八方に移り、ここで10数年間勤めた。
Three years later, he moved to Osaka to change to Rihachi WATAYA, a kimono fabrics dealer in Tenma, where he had worked for more than ten years.

年番通詞、江戸番通詞（毎年のカピタンの江戸参府に随行）をたびたび勤めた。
He was appointed several times Nenban-tsushi (interpreter who served every other year) and Edoban-tsushi (interpreter who accompanied Kapitan [curator of the Dutch trading house of Nagasaki] on their every year's visit to Edo).

御書院御茶道を勤めて、「毛利春意」と称し、後に御同朋となり圓阿弥と号す。
He served as a goshoin (reception room of the lord) Osado (person who is in charge of tea ceremony served to a samurai family) and called himself 'Shuni MORI', and later he became Odobo (the lord's attendants in charge of entertainment) and took a second name of Enami.

夕刻、二月堂本堂に万灯明をともし、「星曼荼羅」を掲げてこの法会を勤める。
In the evening, the Manto light is lit in the main hall of Nigatsu-do and mass is held by putting up the 'Hoshi (Star) Mandala.'

先手とは先陣･先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.

承応1年（1652年）大坂城代に就任し、寛文2年（1662年）まで勤める。
He served as Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle) in 1652 to 1662.

足下郡（足柄下郡湯河原町および真鶴町）土肥郷を本拠とし早川庄預所を勤めた。
Based in Dohi-go Village, Ashigarashimono County (Yugawara-machi and Manazuru-cho, Ashigarashimo-gun), he served as the azukaridokoro (custodian) of Hayakawasho manor.

米国の法律専門家で、連邦最高裁判所の長官を勤めた（1891年−1974年）
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974)

米国の法律専門家で、連邦最高裁判所の長官を勤めた（1862年−1948年）
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1862-1948)

米国の法律専門家で、連邦最高裁判所の長官を勤めた（1872年−1946年）
United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as chief justice (1872-1946)

会議室は校長室の隣（とな）りにある細長い部屋で、平常は食堂の代理を勤める。
The meeting hall was a long, narrow room next to that of the principal, and was used for dining room.

しかし、徳川家斉の御台所・広大院付の上臈御年寄となり、茂姫の側近を勤めた。
After that, however, she became joro (the upper grade ladies-in-waiting) in the position of Otoshiyori (a lady who controls the servants in O-oku) to serve Kodaiin (Shigehime), who was midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman) of Ienari TOKUGAWA, and acted as a close adviser of Shigehime.

または帳内・資人などの皇親・貴族の従者を勤めた後に叙位を受ける例もあった。
Or some of them received a court rank after they worked as servants such as chonai (a servant for Imperial Prince) or shijin (lower-rank officers provided to the Imperial or noble families and used as a guard or miscellaneous services) for Koshin (Emperor's family) and nobles.

藤原忠実・藤原頼長父子に近侍し、その外出の際にはしばしば前駆を勤めている。
He served FUJIWARA no Tadazane and his son, FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, and often rode at the head ｗhen they went out.

豊前小倉城代も勤めたが、兄・忠興と不仲になり、兄から離れて京都で隠棲した。
Although he served as a jodai (keeper) of Kokura Castle in Buzen, his relationship with his older brother Tadaoki deteriorated and he therefore left his older brother and lived in seclusion in Kyoto.

免官の処分を受けたため父が始めた紙店愛々堂に勤め、一方で井原西鶴を愛読した。
Dismissed from his governmental post, he began to work for his father's paper shop called Aiai-do while avidly reading Saikaku IHARA's works.

平野七名家の筆頭で、戦国時代の自治都市「平野区」の執政を勤めた由緒ある家柄。
The Sueyoshi clan was the highest rank of the Hirano Shichimyo families with a long history, which was engaged in the administration of an autonomous city 'Hirano district' in the Warring States period.

その後は明治政府に出仕し、陸軍士官として西南戦争などに参戦、開拓使も勤めた。
After that, he served the Meiji government and joined wars including the Seinan War as a military officer and he also served as a development commissioner.

箱館戦争時、土方歳三の側近を勤めていた立川は、終生土方の菩提を弔ったと言う。
At the Hakodate War, he was a close aide to Toshizo HIJIKATA and he held memorial services for the repose of HIJIKATA's soul for all his life.

その子新之亟（嘉右衛門とも）は記録奉行を勤め、新之亟の次男が清輝の父である。
Shinnojo (who was also called Kaemon), the son of Sainojo served as Kiroku Bugyo and the second son of Shinnojo was father of Kiyoteru.

六時に分けて法要を勤める形式は、浄土教に限らず東大寺修二会などでも見られる。
The practice of conducting Buddhist ceremonies according to the rokuji times of the day is not limited to the Pure Land Sect and can also be seen in the Shunie ceremony of Todai-ji Temple.

その後尾上菊五郎 (6代目)、中村吉右衛門 (初代)などの相方を多く勤めた。
He went on to work prolifically alongside Kikugoro ONOE VI and Kichiemon NAKAMURA I.

武家の元服の儀式で新成人（烏帽子子）の後見人を勤める者を「烏帽子親」と呼ぶ。
The person who takes the role as a guardian for a new adult (eboshi-go) at samurai family's ceremony of attaining manhood is called 'eboshi-oya.'

禁裏御用を勤めていた縁により、家元をはじめとする職分の多くが東京に移住した。
Not only the head family but also many occupational branch families moved to Tokyo, taking advantage of the history that the Izumi school had long served as an official Kyogen school in the Imperial Palace.

米国の将軍で、原子爆弾計画の軍の責任者として勤めた（1896年−1970年）
United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)

イングランド大法官とウィンチェスターの司教を勤めた（1324年−1404年）
served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)

律令制における、後宮の役所である内侍司（ないしのつかさ）に勤めた女官の総称。
A collective name for the court ladies served in Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) that was the government office in the women's quarters of the Imperial Palace.

余談だが、彼が初代逓信大臣を勤めたとき、逓信省の「徽章」を決めることになった。
Incidentally, when he was the first Minister of Communication, they needed to decide on 'a badge' for the Ministry of Communication.

会津戦争での会津若松城受け取りの時、堂々とした態度で軍監としての作法を勤めた。
On the ceremony of receiving Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle in the Aizu War, he performed it in a proper manner as a commander.

延暦23年（804年）8月、桓武天皇の和泉国への行幸のとき御後副長官を勤める。
In August 804, when Emperor Kanmu went to Izumi no kuni (Izumi Province), Kunimaro accompanied as the Deputy-Director of the imperial procession.

少年時代から大阪に出て薬品問屋の店員を勤め、旧尼崎藩医藤沢新平の養子となった。
In his childhood, Fujisawa moved to Osaka to work as a sales clerk of a pharmaceutical warehouse merchant, and was adopted by Shinpei FUJISAWA who was previously a doctor for Amagasaki Province.

藤原北家真夏流で式部省・文章博士を勤めた学者である藤原家経の子として生まれる。
He was born as a son of FUJIWARA no Ietsune, who was a member of the Manatsu line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan and served at Shikibusho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) as Monjo hakase (a professor of literature).

家禄3,000石以下布衣以上の役職を勤め、無役となった者は役寄合として寄合に入る
Retirees who had served a post of 3,000 koku or less with a rank higher than hoi were included in yoriai as yakuyoriai.

そして任期が過ぎても帰京せず、国香は常陸大掾、良将は鎮守府将軍を勤めるなどした。
Takamochi did not return to Kyoto after he served out his term, and his sons Kunika filled the post of Hitachi no daijo (Senior Secretary of Hitachi Province) and Yoshimasa of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).

日露戦争では軍令部長として大本営に勤め、の終戦の後は元帥 (日本)に任じられた。
He served as the manager of military command in the main headquarters during the Russo-Japanese War and was appointed to Japanese fleet admiral after the war in 1905.

そのうえ、黙阿弥はこの狂言を四代目小團次が二役早変わりで勤めるように書いている。
In additiion, in this kyogen (kabuki act), Mokuami assigned two roles for Kodanji Ⅳthat required him quick-changes.

今度の勤め口でしばらく辛抱しなさい。そのうちもっと良いところを見つけてあげます。
You must put up with your new post for the present. I'll find you a better place one of these days.

彼は悪い道に踏み込んでしまって、ペンタルヴィルでお勤めをはたしてきたばかりです。
who went to the bad, and has just been serving his time in Pentonville.

親、あるいは保護者として、実際の両親の代わりを勤めるが、法的に子供としていない人
a person who acts as parent and guardian for a child in place of the child's natural parents but without legally adopting the child

1857年には、土佐藩の剣道指南役を勤める楠瀬実と結婚するが、1874年に死別。
In 1857, she was married to Minoru KUSUNOSE who was an instructor of Kendo (Japanese art of fencing) of Tosa Domain, but became a widow in 1874.

朝鮮出兵の折には、九州の名護屋城普請奉行を勤め、兵2000を率いて参陣している。
At the time of Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea, Tadamasa joined the camp at Nagoya-jo Castle in Kyushu as a fushin bugyo (public work administrator) leading 2,000 soldiers.

その後永享6年（1434年）2月に戒師を海門承朝（長慶天皇皇子）が勤め聖承は出家。
In March 1434, Shocho KAIMON (Emperor Chokei's prince) served as kaishi (the priest who imparts the Buddhist commandments) for Seisho to become a priest.

帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.

同年3月8日には秀吉が聚楽第に秀次を訪問した際、兵を率いて道中の警備を勤めている。
On April 17 of the same year, when Hideyoshi visited Hidetsugu in Jurakudai, he led his army and escorted him to the Jurakudai.

苦学を志し英語を勉強するために上京、すぐに神田錦町の写真機材店「大盛堂」に勤める。
He left for Tokyo with an ambition to work hard at mastering English and soon worked for 'Taiseido shop,' a photographic apparatus shop located in Kandanishiki-cho.

竹本に役名を呼ばれてはじめて「人形に魂が入ったように」顔を上げ、役を勤めはじめる。
After each character's name is called by the takemoto (narrator), the actor looks up and starts to act as if 'life is put into the puppet.'

手を動かすことを怠る者は貧しくなり、勤め働く者の手は富を得る。 (箴言 10:4)
He becomes poor who works with a lazy hand, but the hand of the diligent brings wealth. (Proverbs 10:4)

――ちょうど、私の勤めがきまった日の夕方、私は煙草を吸いながら腰かけておりました。
Well, I was sitting doing a smoke that very evening after I had been promised the appointment,

景則は後に鳥羽天皇の山陵長となり、母・三宅登士子は有栖川宮家の老女・祐筆を勤めた。
His father Kagenori became the head of the guards of the imperial tomb of Emperor Toba later, and his mother Toshiko MIYAKE served as Rojo (senior lady-in-Waiting) and Yuhitsu (private secretary) of the Arisugawanomiya family.

そのエピソードがデーモンがパーソナリティーを勤めるラジオ番組で紹介されたことがある。
This episode was later introduced in a radio program with Mr. Demon Kogure in the program host.

明治5年（1872年）に免官となり、翌年1月、海軍省6等出仕となり軍属として勤める。
He was dismissed in 1872, and in January of the following year, he began serving in the Ministry of the Navy as a sixth rank navy civilian employee.

18歳から高田屋造船場にて勤めるが、造船場は天保4年（1833年）閉鎖されてしまう。
From the age of 18 he worked for Takadaya Shipbuilding Company, however, the company was closed in 1833.

次第にみきの教えにを従う人の数も増え、元治元年（1864年）、専用に勤め場所を建築。
The number of her followers gradually increased, and in 1864, she built a place for service.

また最近では、火葬（灰葬・還葬）の後に、初七日法要を繰り上げて勤める事が多くなった。
Recently, the Shonanoka memorial service is often brought forward and held after a cremation (haiso (literally ash funeral), kanso (literally, funeral for return).

これらの仏は審理において実際の裁判所における弁護士の役目を勤めることとなるとされる。
It is said that these buddhas act as lawyers just as in a trial at the court.

中国・四川省の峨眉山が普賢菩薩の霊場とされ、文殊菩薩とともに釈迦如来の脇侍を勤める。
Mt. Gabi (Emeishan) in Sichuan Province, China are regarded as Reijo, sacred ground, of the Fugen Bosatsu and statues are placed as Kyoji, attendant figures, of Shakanyorai with Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri).

平成19年（2007年）現在家名は十四代目に継承されており、当代が館長を勤めている。
As of 2007, the fourteenth family head has succeeded to the family name, and he serves as the museum's head curator.

怠る者は自分の獲物を捕えない、しかし勤め働く人は尊い宝を獲る。 (箴言 12:27)
The slothful man doesn't roast his game, but the possessions of diligent men are prized. (Proverbs 12:27)

米国の政治家、法学者で、連邦最高裁判所の裁判長として勤めた（1808年−1873年）
United States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873)

蔵人頭や、藤原道長の娘の中宮藤原彰子の中宮大夫を勤める等、道長からの信任も篤かった。
Through his careers as a Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and a Chugu daibu (Master of the Consort's Household) serving Empress FUJIWARA no Shoshi who was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Michinaga, he gained the deep confidence of Michinaga.

溝口健二らに師事し、助監督を勤めた後に、1958年の『化け猫御用だ』で監督デビュー。
He studied under Kenji MIZOGUCHI and worked as an assistant director before making his debut as a director in 'Bakeneko Goyoda' (Official Business of Monster Cat).

帰国後東大講師を勤めながら、「吾輩は猫である」を雑誌『ホトトギス (雑誌)』に発表。
After returning to Japan, he wrote 'Wagahai wa neko dearu' for the magazine 'Hototogisu,' while teaching at Tokyo University.

岩倉久米雄は砲兵将校であったが、士官学校や砲兵工科学校教官などを勤めたことがあった。
Kumeo was an artillery officer and also served as an instructor at a military academy and artillery engineering school.

一方で、龍門洞窟奉先寺の石窟造営の検校（けんぎょう）を勤めるなど、幅広い活動をする。
On the other hand, he was involved in a wide range of activities such as the supervising of the construction project in a cave at Fengxian Temple at Longmen Grottoes.

番士は持ち高勤め（足高制による補填がない）であるがだいたい200石高の旗本が就任した。
The hatamoto with a fief of about 200 koku was installed as banshi, although the installation to banshi was decided by the amount of his fief (the shortfall was not covered by the ashidakasei [a wage system that guaranteed standardized compensation by the Tokugawa bakufu officials]).

政府や諸官庁に勤めたり、軍人、教員などになる者もいたが、職がなく困窮する例も多かった。
There were some who started working for the government and government agencies, or who became military men or teachers, but there were many who became impoverished without work.

複数人で勤めている場合は、リンを打つ役の者以外は、最初のリンが打たれるまで合掌を保つ。
When two or more persons are performing, all attendees except the one who strikes the bell should keep the position of gassho until the first bell is struck.

團十郎や海老蔵が助六を勤める場合は、この口上は市川宗家の門弟筋にあたる家の役者が行う。
When Sukeroku is impersonated by Danjuro or Ebizo, Kojo is done by an actor from apprentice families of the head of the Danjuro ICHIKAWA family.

レビびとは重ねて幕屋およびその勤めの器物をかつぐことはない。 (歴代志1 23:26)
Also the Levites will no longer need to carry the tabernacle and all its vessels for its service.' (1 Chronicles 23:26)

勤め働く者の手はついに人を治める、怠る者は人に仕えるようになる。 (箴言 12:24)
The hands of the diligent ones shall rule, but laziness ends in slave labor. (Proverbs 12:24)

しかし、これまでイギリスで十軒もの家に勤めたのだが、それを見つけることができなかった。
but so far he had failed to find it, though he had already served in ten English houses.

1376年に准三宮、81年には太政大臣となり、1382年には後小松天皇の摂政を勤めた。
He was conferred Jusangu (the highest rank for nobles, same treatment as Imperial family) in 1376, Dajodaijin in 1381 and became Sessho of Emperor Gokomatsu in 1382.

上記のほか、文部省図書課の兼勤課員、高等師範学校（後の東京高等師範学校）教授を勤めた。
In addition to the above, he served as a temporary officer at Archives Division of Ministry of Education, and a professor of Higher Normal School (later Tokyo Higher Normal School).

芸熱心で『恋女房染分手綱』（重の井子別れ）を勤めた時は、女形の市川久米八の型を採った。
When he played a mother and her child drama 'Koinyobo Somewake Tazuna' (Shigenoi Kowakare), he took the pattern of onnagata, Kumehachi ICHIKAWA.

明治維新後の30歳から40代半まで大和国石上神社や和泉国大鳥神社の神官（宮司）を勤める。
After the Meiji Restoration, he served as the Chief Priest at the Shikigami-jinja Shrine in Yamato and the Otori-jinja Shrine in Izumi, from 30 to his mid 40s.

江戸日本橋元大工町で医師の福井家に生まれ、牢屋敷同心鍵番を勤めた田村金太郎の養子となる。
He was born in a doctor family, the Fukui family of Daiku-cho, Nihonbashi, Edo (Tokyo) and adopted by a prison guard Kintaro TAMURA.

には明治天皇の御前で初の天覧歌舞伎を催すという栄誉に浴し、『勧進帳』の弁慶などを勤めた。
In 1887 he had an honor of holding Tenran Kabuki (Kabuki, the royal family attend to watch) in front of the Emperor Meij, acting Benkei in 'Kanjincho' and so on.

「ウケ」を勤める役者は、金冠に銀の束帯、王子鬘に公家荒と呼ばれる魁偉な青の隈取をつける。
The actor who plays the role of 'Uke' wears a golden crown, a silver sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), oji katsura (a wig of long hair), and a hefty blue Kumadori called Kugeare.

英国の政治家で、首相を勤め、アメリカ植民地と共に戦争に反対した（1730年−1782年）
English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)

もっともつらい夜を、もっともつらい日々をただ空費しているだけのたそがれ時の勤め人たちに。
young clerks in the dusk, wasting the most poignant moments of night and life.

代々大外記を勤める家柄に生まれ、遅くとも天治2年（1125年）には自身もその職にあった。
He was born into the family that served Daigeki and was assigned to that position as late as 1125.

室町幕府の奉公衆と親しく、政所の政所代を代々勤めていた蜷川氏の蜷川親長とも親交があった。
He was close with the Hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and he was also associated with Chikanaga NINAGAWA of the NINAGAWA clan which served the proxy officer of Mandokoro (Administrative Board) for generations.

「都」は、神官・氏子などを勤めた人の墓に使われる漢字で、「津」は一般信徒の墓に使われる。
The word '都' is used for the graves of Shinto priests and parishioners whereas the word '津 ' is used for the graves of laypersons.

慶長の役には、板島城留守役を勤め、当初家臣のみ出陣したが、後に渡海し、海戦で功をあげた。
In the Keicho War, he served as rusuyaku (a person in charge of holding a fort) of Itashima-jo Castle and only his vassals entered the war at first, but he later went out on the sea and achieved victories at sea fights.

第6代将軍御台所近衛熙子とは大石の一族、小山氏が代々近衛家諸太夫を勤める縁戚関係でもある。
Hiroko KONOE, the sixth shogun midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman), was a member of the Oishi clan and served as a Tayu (geisha of the highest rank) of the Konoe family to the Oyama clan.

京都の白山町に住んでいたことから、白山先生と呼ばれており銀座_(歴史)の役人を勤めていた。
As he had lived in Hakusan-cho, Kyoto, he was called Hakusan sensei (Sir Hakusan), and he worked as a government official in Ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during the Edo period).

勤行は、あくまで報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆のためであり、「行 (仏教)」として勤めるものではない。
Gongyo should be done absolutely for hoon hosha and buttokusantan, not for religious training.

これより代々京都と名古屋を往復し、2代翫古斎の時からさらに尾張藩の御用も勤めるようになる。
Since then, the heads of Matsuo family became accustomed to travel between Kyoto and Nagoya, while the second head, Gankosai, added another official business with the lord of the Owari Domain.

助六を勤めるそれぞれの役者とその演目の本外題、および「出端の唄」の浄瑠璃形式は以下の通り：
The actors that played Sukeroku, the titles of the play, and the forms of the Joruri for 'Deha no Uta' are shown below.

いずれも市川宗家が助六を勤め、河東節で「出端の唄」を語る、『助六由縁江戸桜』の場合である。
All of the examples are from 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura,' in which the head of the ICHIKAWA family plays Sukeroku with 'Deha no Uta' narrated in Katobushi.

日本の神道など宗教でお勤めをするときの姿勢や家来の武士が待機するときの座法の一つでもある。
Sonkyo is also a posture executed in religious services of Shinto or other Japanese religions, and is further a way of sitting for a samurai retainer waiting for any order.

ネールの娘で、1966年から1977年までインドの首相として勤めた（1917-1984年）
daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)

しかも、二人に取っては誂え向きの随分骨の折れる難曲に対して、先頭の組を勤めようと云うのだ。
Top couple, too; with a good stiff piece of work cut out for them;

そうしてある晩、彼にお勤めに出て欲しいと思ったのに彼がどこにも見つからなかったんですって。
So one night he was wanted for to go on a call and they couldn't find him anywhere.

貞享元年（1684年）3月25日より江戸と国元を往復する日々が続き各種御用・役目を勤めた。
He spent days coming and going between Edo and his hometown since May 9, 1684 to serve for various official businesses and roles.

家長も鳥羽天皇の御前の酒宴において包丁人を勤め、魚をさばいた際の逸話が『古事談』に見える。
'Kojidan' (Talks of the Past) contains an anecdote about the head of the family serving as a Hochonin (chef), cutting and trimming a fish at a feast in front of Emperor Toba.

加藤家断絶の時に勝成・勝俊は熊本城受け取りの役目を勤め、この時に清浄院を福山に引き取った。
When Kato clan was forfeited, Katsunari and Katsutoshi acted as a shogunate government witness of forfeit of the Kumamoto-jo Castle, and at that time they took Seijo-in to Fukuyama.

山辺郡平等坊（現・天理市平等坊町）の山口氏は奏者番、伏見城番などを勤めた山口直友の裔である。
The Yamaguchi clan in Byodobo, Yamabe County (present Byodobo-cho, Tenri City) was a descendant of Naotomo YAMAGUCHI who assumed the post of sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) and guard of Fushimi-jo Castle.

上田家住宅（重要文化財） - 屋号を「壺屋」といい、今西家・尾崎家と並び惣年寄を勤めていた。
Ueda Residence (Important Cultural Property): The Ueda family traded under the name of 'Tsuboya,' and worked as sodoshiyori along with the Imanishi and Ozaki families.

座敷では主に立方を勤め、祇園甲部に限って京舞井上流、それ以外では若柳流などの舞踊を披露する。
Maiko is mainly in charge of dancing at ozashiki and performs the dancing of Kyomai Inoue school in Gion Kobu district and other dancing such as the Wakayagi school in other districts.

文久3年（1863年）の徳川将軍家・徳川家茂の上洛の際には、京都警護を勤めるために随行する。
In 1863, he attended Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA when he went to the capital as a police escort.

頼朝死後も源氏一門の重鎮として、三代将軍源実朝の元服の際には加冠役（烏帽子親）を勤めている。
Even after the death of Yoritomo, he worked as a grand person of the Minamoto clan, for example, he was in charge of kakan no yaku (role to place a crown on the head of boy when he becomes adult) at the time of genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age) of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the third Shogun.

慶長11年（1606年）駿府城普請の命を受け、同年6月20日、勤めの褒賞として御書を給わった。
In 1606 he received a decree to build Sunpu Castle and on June 20 the same year, received an meritorious service award certificate.

天和 (日本)1年（1681年）に奏者番兼寺社奉行に就任し、貞享2年（1685年）まで勤める。
He served as sojaban and jisha-bugyo from 1681 to 1685.

また、村役人を勤める百姓を大前百姓、そのような役職に就かない百姓を小前百姓と呼ぶようになった。
Hyakusho who held the position of a village officer were called omae-byakusho (wealthy farmers), whereas hyakusho who did not hold such a position were called komae-byakusho (small farmers).

新選組が函館市で降伏する前に離隊し、維新後は京都の菊浜小学校の用務員を勤め、1896年に退職。
He left the Shinsengumi before it surrendered in Hakodate City, and after the Meiji Restoration he worked as a janitor at Kikuhama Elementary School in Kyoto and retired in 1896.

さらに、上記以外の年忌も含めて三ないし七にて勤めるのは、一般的に儒家の三魂七魄に基づいている。
It is based on the sankonshichihaku of Confucianism that all the nenki, including other than those mentioned above, are held generally at intervals of multiples of three or seven.

また、無類の尊皇家であり、皇族が観劇に訪れた際は、病気休演中を押して舞台を勤めることもあった。
Also, he enthusiastically paid reverence to the emperor so when the Imperial family attended Kabuki, he once performed in spite of the fact that he was absent from the stage due to illness.

父高望の上総介の任期が過ぎても帰京せず父に次いで上総介を勤めるなどし、上総下総国に勢力を拡大。
Even after his father's term as Kazusa no kuni no suke expired, he did not return to Kyoto but succeeded to Kazusa no kuni no suke after his father, thereby extending power in Kazusa and Shimosa Provinces.

父は歌人としても有名で、播磨造船（現・石川島播磨重工業）に勤めるかたわら、相生市歌を作詞した。
His father was famous as a poet, and wrote the lyrics of the Aioi City Song while working for Harima Dock (current Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries).

織田信秀の足軽大将を勤めた木下弥右衛門（木下昌吉・中村弥助）のもとに嫁ぎ、日秀院と秀吉を生む。
She got married with Yaemon KINOSHITA (Shokichi KINOSHITA and Yasuke NAKAMURA) who was serving as the head of conscripted foot-soldiers for Nobuhide ODA and she gave birth to Nisshu-in and Hideyoshi.

足軽隊将…検使として侍隊将の補佐を勤める旗本隊将と、領地境界の番手警備を行う加勢隊将に別れる。
Ashigaru tai sho (in charge of assisting Samurai-tai-sho and guarding the boundaries of territories)… further divided into Hatamoto tai sho (assistants to Samurai-tai-sho) that served and assisted Samurai tai sho (in charge of guard and departure for the front in a war) as Kenshi (inspector), and into Kasei tai sho (in charge of guarding on the boundaries of territories) who guarded the territorial boundaries.

4月11日に江戸城無血開城が成立すると江戸を脱走し、歳三は秋月登之助率いる先鋒軍の参謀を勤めた。
On April 11th, when evacuation of Edo Castle without bloodshed succeded, Toshizo escaped from Edo and acted as a staff officer of the vanguard army led by Noborinosuke AKIZUKI.

沖永良部島に遠島されたときに西郷と知遇を得た書家であり、西郷没後に遺族の扶養に勤めた人物である。
He was a chirographer who was in Saigo's favor when he was exiled to Oki-no-erabujima island, and he supported the bereaved after his death.

泰子もそれに応え、長姉として頼長をよく庇護し、鳥羽院と忠実・頼長父子の交流の絆となるよう勤めた。
Taishi responded to Tadazane's request, she supported Yorinaga very well as his older sister, she also tried to become the key connection between Toba in and father and son, Tadazane and Yorinaga.

日清戦争直前海軍軍令部長を勤めていたが、清の北洋艦隊の戦力を高く評価し、徹底した非戦派であった。
While he was department director of the military order in the Navy just before the Sino-Japanese War, he was strictly on the noncombatant side because he appreciated the military potential of China's North Sea Fleet.

新平は日本のボーイスカウト活動に深い関わりを持ち、ボーイスカウト日本連盟の初代総長を勤めている。
Shinpei became the first chairman of the Boy Scouts of Nippon, and deeply engaged in the development of Boy Scout culture and its activities in Japan.

研鑚に勤め、并州の大巌寺に住し、後に石壁の玄中寺に入り、さらに汾州平遥山の遥山寺に移って没した。
He kept studying, and became the chief priest of Daigan-ji Temple(大巌寺) in Bingzhou, moved to the Xuanzhongsi Temple in Shibi, then to Yozan-ji Temple (遥山寺) in Mt. Pingyao (平遥山) of Fenzhou, where he died.

灌頂大会や修法の導師を多くつとめ、1027年（万寿4年）には藤原道長の葬儀における導師を勤めた。
He often performed as a doshi (officiating monk) at Kanjo-daies and esoteric Buddhism services and served as a doshi at the funeral ceremony for FUJIWARA no Michinaga in 1027.

器量が悪く遊女として売り出せない者や、年季を勤め上げた遊女が務め、マネージャー的な役割を担った。
Girls not pretty enough to be courtesans, or courtesans who had finished their serving years, became banto shinzo and played a manager-like role.

家伝によれば、大蔵流は14世紀に後醍醐天皇の侍講を勤めていた比叡山の学僧・玄恵法印を流祖とする。
According to the family record, Gene Hoin, a scholar monk of Mt. Hiei was the founder of the Okura school, who was a Jiko (teacher) of the Emperor Godaigo in the 14th century.

ポーランドのピアニストで、1919年に独立ポーランドの初代首相を勤めた（1860年−1941年）
Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941)

（例外として、江戸町奉行の大岡忠相が旗本のまま大名格となり、奏者番を兼ねずに勤めたことがある）。
[It was an exception that Tadasuke OOKA, who was Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun), achieved the rank of daimyo and became Edo machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Edo) without serving as a Sojaban.]

文化3年（1806年）には若年寄、文化9年には西丸側用人、文政1年（1818年）には老中を勤める。
He served as wakadoshiyori in 1806 and Nishinomaru sobayonin (grand chamberlain in the Nishinomaru) in 1812 and roju in 1818.

また、東西の歌舞伎俳優も良きライヴァルとして芸の研鑽に勤め双方のレベルアップにつながったのである。
Also, Kabuki actors of the east and west devoted themselves to brushing up their skills as good rivals, which improved performances on both sides.

また、伊勢神宮や伊勢観光のガイドも勤め、参拝の作法を教えたり、伊勢の名所や歓楽街を案内して回った。
Onshi also worked as a guide for visiting the Ise-jingu Shrine and sightseeing in Ise, and taught the peasants how to offer prayers and took them around famous places and entertainment districts in Ise.

議長を勤める代表を輩出する加盟者は、議長在任の期間、議長に代わる者を代表として立てることができる。
The Member of which a Representative exercises the functions of Chair may appoint an alternate to serve as Representative in his stead for the duration of his functions as Chair.

この年、春日祭上卿を勤め、多くの殿上人や源為義らの武士を含む大行列を従え、盛大に京を出立している。
In 1154, He was appointed as the chief of the spring festival of the Kasuga-taisha shrine and left Kyoto with a long procession of many attending nobilities and samurai, such as Tameyoshi MINAMOTO, under his command for the festival.

鎌倉へ赴き、円覚寺の桃渓徳悟、1299年には建長寺の一山一寧のもとで首座を勤めるも嗣法には及ばず。
After moving to Kamakura, he served as shuso (the leader of monks practicing asceticism) under Tokugo TOKEI of Engaku-ji Temple, and then under Ichinei ISSAN of Kencho-ji Temple in 1299, but fell short of shiho (to inherit the dharma from a priest master).

役職上与力や同心は部下にあたるが、これらはあくまで将軍家の家臣であり、世襲制で奉行所に勤めていた。
Yoriki (police sergeants) and doshin (police constables) were subordinates of the bugyo officer, but were retainers of the shogun family and worked at a bugyo-sho office hereditarily.

1087年（寛治元年）には式部権大輔として堀河天皇の侍読を勤める、1095年（嘉保2年）式部大輔。
In 1087, he served as the tutor of the Emperor Horikawa as Shikibu gon no taifu (Provisional Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) and later became Shikibu taifu (the Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) in 1095.

4年勤めた後、慶長16年（1611年）、下野国真岡藩に1万2000石を賜り、江戸で秀忠に拝謁する。
After serving for four years, he was given a land of 12,000 koku of Maoka Domain in Shimotsuke Province in 1611 and received in audience by Hidetada in Edo.

子孫も同様な役を勤め、幕末には小笠原鍾次郎が講武所で弓術教授を勤めたが、この家は維新期に断絶する。
His descendants served as the same role and Shojiro OGASAWARA served as teacher of archery at Kobusho (a military training institute) at the end of Edo period, but the family ended in the period of the Restoration.

各地の小芝居を勤めたのち、昭和8年 (1933) に市川右團次 (2代目)に入門、市川右升を名乗る。
After playing as an actor of Koshibai in various places, he became a disciple of Udanji ICHIKAWA (the second) in 1933 and changed his stage name to Usho ICHIKAWA.

兄の当たり役『与話情浮名横櫛』（源氏店）の与三郎を勤めれば、外見は兄譲りながら科白が重々しくて不評。
When acting Yosaburo in 'Yohanasake Ukinano Yokogushi,' from which his brother gained a reputation, he received a bad reputation because of his heavy speeches, although his performances had something in common with his brother's.

藤堂高虎が縄張りを勤め、慶長15年（1610年）夏ごろに完成し、本丸には五層の層塔型天守が上がった。
Takatora TODO arranged its walls and buildings, and it was completed in the summer of 1610, with a five-story Soto type (integrated castle tower design in the Edo period) Tenshu (main keep) in the Honmaru (the main area of the castle).

この解釈に従えば、竜田山の件があった後、夫は宮廷勤めの為都にいってしまい、そのまま音沙汰がなくなる。
According to this interpretation, the husband goes to the capital for court duty after the incident of Tatsuta-yama Mountain, and is not heard from again.

そこで、平時は江戸城に配置されている各門の警護、征夷大将軍外出時の警備、江戸城下の治安維持等を勤めた。
Therefore, it usually served as a guard placed for each gate around the Edo-jo Castle, a guard of shogun when going out, maintenance of security of the Edo castle town, and so forth.

江戸に出て蘭学を学び、薩摩藩主島津斉彬の侍医となったが、斉彬の死後に藩を離れて幕府の蕃書調所に勤める。
After having studied Western learning in Edo, he served as an attendant doctor to the lord of the Satsuma Domain, Nariakira SHIMAZU, however, he left the domain and served as an assistant teaching staff at Bansho shirabesho (one of the forerunner organizations of Tokyo University in Edo) after Shimazu's death.

ニ七日・三七日・四七日・六七日は、僧侶を招くのが一番よいが、親族のみお内佛の前で、お勤めをしても良い。
Futananoka (a memorial service on the 14th day after the death), Minanoka (a memorial service on the 21st day after the death), Shinanoka (a memorial service on the 28th day after the death) and Munanoka (a memorial service on the 42nd day after the death) can be held in front of a family alter with only relatives' attendance, though it is preferable to invite a monk.

三人の登場人物が出てくるが、この三人を一人の役者が早替わりで勤めるというのも繰り返しとられる形である。
There are three characters, and in many cases the same actor plays the role of the three characters by hayagawari (quick change in roles).

なまけ者の心は、願い求めても、何も得ない、しかし勤め働く者の心は豊かに満たされる。 (箴言 13:4)
The soul of the sluggard desires, and has nothing, but the desire of the diligent shall be fully satisfied. (Proverbs 13:4)

また彼らの兄弟であるバグブキヤおよびウンノは彼らの向かいに立って勤めをした。 (ネヘミヤ書 12:9)
Also Bakbukiah and Unno, their brothers, were over against them according to their offices. (Nehemiah 12:9)

家屋敷はもちろん、勤める学校に不足のない故郷がいやになったからと云って、知らぬ他国へ苦労を求めに出る。
He is going to court hardships in a strange part of the country in preference of his home and the school where he is working,--both of which should satisfy most anybody,--because he is tired of them.

河田家は代々鳥取藩の伏見留守居役を勤める家であり、嘉永4年（1851年）家督を継ぎ、伏見留守居となる。
The Kawata family was Fushimi rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) in Tottori Domain for generations and he succeeded the head of the family in 1851 to become Fushimi rusuiyaku.

家康の関東討入時には道案内を勤め、その後は武蔵国鉢形城の代官に任ぜられ、与力の武川衆と共に統治を行う。
When Ieyasu conducted a raid in Kanto, he served as a guide, and was later appointed as local magistrate of Hachigata-jo Castle in Musashi Province, governing together with police sergent Mukawashu.

将軍外出時には将軍行列の前衛の歩兵を勤めたり、将軍の目的地に先遣隊として乗り込んでその一帯を警備した。
When a shogun went out, they served as advance foot soldiers in a shogun's procession or went ahead of him toward his destination as the advance to guard the area.

ほとんどの宿坊では、宿泊者に対して朝のお勤めとして住職の講話などを行っているが任意参加の形式の所が多い。
In most shukubo, its chief priest lectures to the people who have lodged as a morning religious service, but in most places it takes the form of voluntary participation.

各加盟者は、代表の代理の名前を理事会の議長に書面で通知する。代理は、通知書の定める期間まで任期を勤める。
Each Member shall notify the Chair of the Council in writing of the names of any alternates of Representatives. The alternates shall continue to hold such positions for such time as set out in the notification.

中川は文部省官僚として日本女子大学校創立事務幹事嘱託を勤め、同校設立を積極的に後援した西園寺公望を助けた。
As an official of the Ministry of Education, NAKAGAWA served as the executive secretary of the foundation secretariat of the Japan Women's University on non-regular bases, and supported Kinmochi SAIONJI who actively backed the establishment of the university.

叔父と母が病院に勤める関係者であったことから、周囲から（特に父から）将来は医者になることを期待されていた。
Because his mother and uncle worked at a hospital, he was expected by those around him, especially his father, to become a doctor one day.

嘉永7年(1854年)17歳で四段となり、この年に本因坊塾頭の岸本左一郎帰郷により、代わって塾頭を勤める。
When Shuho was 17 years old in 1854, he became 4-dan and served as jukuto (school manager) to take over Saichiro KISHIMOTO as he returned to his hometown.

眼病で片目を失明、眼帯をかけながら舞台を勤めていたが、病状は快方に向かうことなく力尽きてしまったのである。
He was acting on the stage with a patch over one blind eye because of eye disease, and died without seeing any improvement in the condition.

遂に手不足から役を勤めることが不可能となっため、子の岑男の代からは下掛宝生流に転じ、同流はここに廃絶した。
Since the family finally became unable to take part in Noh plays due to a shortage of performers, they joined in the Shimogakari Hosho school during the time of Mineo, a son of Takeo, and this school eventually became extinct.

利休切腹の後に、徳川2代将軍徳川秀忠の茶湯の師範を勤め、小堀政一をはじめとする諸大名にも茶の湯を伝授した。
After Rikyu's death by ritual suicide, Oribe FURUTA was appointed master of the tea ceremony for the second Tokugawa shogun, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and instructed various daimyo (feudal lords), including Masakazu KOBORI.

書物奉行の配下に同心がおり、持高勤めで、元禄6年（1694年）に4人、以降増員され江戸後期には21人いた。
Officers called doshin were placed under shomotsu-bugyo, in the salaries based on their social statuses, and the number of these officers was four in 1694 and was increased later to 21in the later Edo period.

父の死という強烈な実感のおかげで目が覚めた「私」は母を連れて上京し、文壇を去って今の役所に勤めだすのだった。
Coming to my senses thanks to the overpowering reality of my father's death, I went back to Tokyo with my mother and left literary circles to start my job at the government office where I remain employed at present.

昭和の当主・三条西公正は、実践女子大学教授などを勤める一方、御家流香道宗家として香道の復興・発展に尽力した。
The family head in the Showa period was Kimimasa SANJONISHI, who worked as a professor at Jissen Women's University and dedicated considerable effort to restoring and nurturing the art of fragrance as the head house of the Oie-style art of fragrance.

明治維新が成ると官職を辞して、1869年には築地の洋風旅館、築地ホテルに勤め、西洋野菜の栽培などを手がける。
Having left the government post after the Meiji Restoration, he worked for Tsukiji Hotel, a Western-style Japanese hotel, and cultivated Western vegetables.

近藤柳可は津藩藤堂氏の依頼により津に赴き茶頭を勤めた人で、以来近藤家は代々藤堂家において指南役を務めてきた。
Ryuka KONDO went to Tsu at the request of the Todo clan of the domain of Tsu to serve as a saju (priest in charge of tea ceremony in Zen temple); for generations afterwards, the Kondo family played the role of a coach in the Todo family.

明治4年（1871年）福岡藩知事（後に福岡県知事・県令）を勤め、贋札事件の余波で混乱する福岡をよく治平した。
In 1871 he became the governor of the Fukuoka Domain, (later called the governor of Fukuoka Prefecture, kenrei) and he governed Fukuoka well after the disturbance of the Nisesatsu affair (fake money affair).

市川團十郎 (12代目)が助六を勤めた舞台では、そのほとんどで市川段四郎 (4代目)がこの口上を行っている。
For most of the program in which Danjuro ICHIKAWA XII impersonates Sukeroku, Danshiro ICHIKAWA IV performs Kojo.

有栖川宮家は歴代、書道・歌道の師範を勤めて皇室の信任篤く、将軍家とも婚姻関係を結び、公武ともに密接であった。
Arisugawa no miya had taught calligraphy and poetry to succeeding generations and had the trust of the Imperial Family; additionally, he had a close relationship with shogun families as there was a marriage relationship between them and they were close to both court nobles and samurai families.

嘉応元年（1169年）11月の八十嶋祭で高倉天皇は重盛の六波羅邸から出立し、重盛室の経子が勅使役を勤めている。
During the Yasoshima-sai festival in November 1169, Emperor Takakura left Shigemori's residence in Rokuhara, and Shigemori's wife Keishi served as an imperial messenger.

彼らは、滝口（北面武士）を勤めた後、宮中の警護にあたる蔵人、京市中の警察である検非違使などの武官に任じられた。
After serving as takiguchi (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side), they were appointed to military officers such as kurodo (chamberlain) to guard inside the Imperial Court and kebiishi (police and judicial chiefs) to serve as police for the city of Kyoto.

1974年、京都南座で片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)の『堀川波鼓』で母おぎんを勤めた後は、特に老女役が多くなった。
He mainly played the roles of elderly women after the role of a mother Ogin, a role of 'Horikawa Nami no Tsuzumi' (a Kabuki program based on Joruri [dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment]), which was presented at Kyoto Minamiza Theater in 1974 by starring Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth).

元徳川幕府御家人で維新後にイギリス公使館に勤めていた敬之助（後に純（きよし））の長男として東京高輪に生まれる。
He was born in Takanawa, Tokyo as the first son of Keinosuke (later Kiyoshi), a former shogunal retainer who worked for the British Legation after the Meiji Restoration.

「江戸の将軍」に対して「駿府の大御所」として実権を掌握し続けて幕府の制度作りに勤めた（大御所政治と呼ばれる）。
Then he was called 'Ogosho in Sunpu' for 'Shogun in Edo,' and, continuing to hold real power, made efforts to establish the bakufu system (called 'Ogosho politics').

介錯人は預かり人の家中の者が勤める建前になっていたため、介錯の失敗は武術不心得として預かり人の家の恥とされた。
It was propriety that the kaishakunin would be a member of the azukarinin's family, so failure in conducting the duty of kaishaku would bring shame to the family of the azukarinin.

またあなたの神の宮の勤め事のためにあなたが与えられた器は、エルサレムの神の前に納めよ。 (エズラ記 7:19)
The vessels that are given to you for the service of the house of your God, deliver before the God of Jerusalem. (Ezra 7:19)

ショーウィンドウの前をぶらぶらしながら、レストランでの孤独な夕食の時間を待ちわびる若くて貧乏な勤め人たちに――
poor young clerks who loitered in front of windows waiting until it was time for a solitary restaurant dinner――

米国の外交官、法律専門家で、英国と平和条約を交渉し、連邦最高裁判所の初代長官を勤めた（1745年−1829年）
United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)

わずかな従者しか与えられなかった小碓命は、まず叔母の倭姫命が斎王を勤めていた伊勢国へ赴き女性の衣装を授けられる。
Ousu no Mikoto, with only a few servants, first went to Ise Province where his aunt Yamato Hime no Mikoto had been serving as the high priestess and he was given some female clothing.

また、土佐藩士の殿を勤めた安藤鎌次の奮戦もあり、結局、新選組は8人の土佐藩士のうち5人を逃してしまうことになった。
Kamaji ANDO, who fought as a rear guard of the Tosa retainers put up a fight and Shinsengumi ended up losing five out of the eight Tosa retainers.

すなわち藩の公式な茶湯については道竿家が務め、快閑家の代々は道竿家より伝授を受けたうえで奥向きの茶湯を勤めてきた。
While the Dokan family performed the official tea ceremony of the domain, the Kaikan family performed it on private occasions, receiving instruction from the Dokan family.

「だいたい、武士たちは軍役を日々勤めて苦労しているのに、僧職の者たちは寺庵を結構に造り、贅沢な暮らしをしている。」
In contrast to samurai warriors who have hard times in serving in the army, you, monks, build and live in good temples and indulge in luxury.'

特に二代目團十郎のファンだったことから、彼の勤める舞台ならどんなに客入りの悪い興行でもチケットを買い上げてくれた。
As he was a patron of Danjuro ICHIKAWA II among other actors, he bought all the tickets for the play of Danjuro ICHIKAWA II even though it had a small attendance.

コラびとシャルムの長子でレビびとのひとりであるマタテヤはせんべいを造る勤めをつかさどった。 (歴代志1 9:31)
Mattithiah, one of the Levites, who was the firstborn of Shallum the Korahite, had the office of trust over the things that were baked in pans. (1 Chronicles 9:31)

最晩年に至るまで、義満の寵愛は衰えず、応永15年（1408年）に後小松天皇が北山第に行幸した際には天覧能を勤めた。
The favor from Yoshimitsu did not weaken until the end of his life and when Emperor Gokomatsu visited Kitayama-dai (Kitayama residence), he performed Noh play with the Emperor in attendance.

峨山は毎日未明に永光寺の朝課をすますと、13里（約52㎞）の山道を通って總持寺に向かい朝課を勤めたという伝説がある。
There is a legend that early every morning, after finishing his morning duty at Eiko-ji Temple, he walked 52 km of the mountain road to perform his morning duty at Soji-ji Temple.

この傾向は同じく脇の仕手を勤めた子長俊にも受けつがれ、『正尊』『江野島』などより視覚に訴える平明な作が多く作られた。
Such tendency was succeeded by Nagatoshi (Nobumitsu's son) who also acted as waki no shite and wrote many plain works that appealed to the eye including 'Shozon' and 'Enoshima.'

祭司たちは雲のゆえに立って勤めをすることができなかった。主の栄光が神の宮に満ちたからである。 (歴代志2 5:14)
so that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud: for the glory of Yahweh filled God's house. (2 Chronicles 5:14)

店員が半分の給料で来ていると聞いた時から、僕にはそいつに何かその勤め口を確保する強い動機のあることが明白だったよ。」
From the time that I heard of the assistant having come for half wages, it was obvious to me that he had some strong motive for securing the situation.'

1822年、備中国川上郡 (岡山県)九名村（現在の岡山県井原市）で、代官所に勤めていた阪谷良哉の三男として生まれた。
In 1822, Roro SAKATANI was born as the third son of Ryoya SAKATANI, who worked for a magistrate's office in Kumyo-mura Village (present-day Ihara City, Okayama Prefecture) of Kawakami County in Bicchu Province (Okayama Prefecture).

再度大組入りした後の高野氏の家禄は、100石から150石程度を往来し、代々、郡奉行や勘定方支配などの役方を勤めていた。
The hereditary stipend of the Takano family after rejoining the Ogumi was between 100 koku and 150 koku, having position of a Koribugyo (a magistrate of a country) and Kanjogata (accounting officer) for generations.

同トラブルにより、創業一族の一澤信三郎とそれまで勤めてきた職人は退社して、同様のかばんを取り扱う一澤信三郎帆布を設立。
As a result of the problems, Shinzaburo ICHIZAWA of the founding family and craftsmen who had worked for the company left Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. and established Ichizawa Shinzaburo Hanpu Co., Ltd. that sells similar bags.

六代目菊五郎から、尾上松緑 (2代目)、尾上梅幸 (7代目)を経て尾上菊五郎 (7代目)と、音羽屋三代の相方を勤める。
He played the roles of aikata (key supporting role) for three generations of Otowaya's star actors: Shoroku ONOE (the second), Baiko ONOE (the seventh), and Kikugoro ONOE (the seventh).

故郷でばらばらになった後、息子たちはダブリンのランプライト・ランドリーに彼女の勤め口を見つけ、彼女はそれが気に入った。
After the break-up at home the boys had got her that position in the Dublin by Lamplight laundry, and she liked it.

更級日記によると、常陸の国司を勤めた4年後の長元9年（1036年）に帰京し、高齢で再びどこかの国司に任命されたらしい。
According to Sarashina Nikki, he returned to Kyoto 4 years after he worked as an officer in Hitachi in 1036, and it is believed that he was again appointed an officer of one of the provinces in Japan when he was an old man.

采女装束（うねめしょうぞく）とは、全国の豪族から選抜されて天皇の給仕係などとして上古の宮中に勤めた女官である采女の衣装。
Uneme costume is a costume for Uneme, a court lady selected among Gozoku (local ruling families) who served in the inner palace as a waiting staff of the emperor in ancient times.

つまり夫は外で会社勤めをし、妻は家でお好み焼き屋を営んでいて、家族がいない昼間にお好み焼き屋をやっていた店が多くあった。
That is, many okonomiyaki shops were operated in the daytime when family members were not at home, where husbands worked in a company outside and wives ran the okonomiyaki shops.

人にへつらおうとして目先だけの勤めをするのでなく、キリストの僕として心から神の御旨を行い、 (エペソ人への手紙 6:6)
not in the way of service only when eyes are on you, as men pleasers; but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; (Ephesians 6:6)

迪宮裕仁親王（摂政宮、のちの昭和天皇）の御進講役も勤め、さらに宮中某重大事件にては久邇宮家と結んで、山縣有朋に対抗した。
He gave lectures to Michinomiya Imperial Prince Hirohito (Prince Regent, later Emperor Showa) as scholar, and at a certain serious incident in the Imperial Palace, he cooperated with the Kuninomiya family against Ariake YAMAGATA.

延宝7年（1679年）10月3日、銀札（藩札）方御銀奉行となり、天和 (日本)元年（1681年）10月29日まで勤めた。
He became a bill (domain bill) finance commissioner on November 6, 1679 and worked until October 29, 1681.

名前の残る共作では榎戸賢二とともにに桜痴の『助六』を歌舞伎に翻案、主役の大口屋暁雨は市川團十郎_(9代目)が勤めている。
One of his outstanding joint works is an adaptation of 'Sukeroku,' originally written by Ochi, which he rewrote to make it into a Kabuki play jointly with Kenji ENOKIDO, and the principle role, Gyou OGUCHIYA, was performed by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the 9th).

定子の母貴子は円融天皇朝に掌侍を勤めて高内侍と称された人で、女ながらに漢文を能くし、殿上の詩宴にもに招かれるほどであった。
Teishi's mother, Kishi, served as Naishi no jo (looking after the sacred sword and jewels) of Emperor Enyu and was known as Ko no naishi due to her mastery of Classical Chinese, which was rare for a woman and led to her being invited to the poetry parties at the imperial palace.

久安6年（1150年）正月4日、近衛天皇は摂関家の本邸・東三条殿で元服の式を挙げ、藤原忠通が加冠役、頼長が理髪役を勤めた。
On January 4, 1150, Emperor Konoe performed the Genpuku Ceremony (Coming-of-age ceremony) at Higashi Sanjo dono (palace), the main palace of the clan (family) eligible for regents; FUJIWARA no Tadamichi played the role of crowning, while Yorinaga played the role of hair cutting.

江戸時代には宮中で雑用を勤めた「稚児」の正装であり、江戸時代後半には多くの公家は元服の時童直衣を用い、加冠後衣冠に替えた。
In the Edo period it was the official costume of 'Chigo' (a page) who did routine work in the Imperial Palace, in latter half of the Edo period, many court nobles wore Warawa noshi for the coming-of-age ceremony and they changed to ikan (traditional formal court dress) after wearing the crown.

1823年（文政6年）の2度目の火災は11月15日であったため、この年の7昼夜の御正忌報恩講は大谷祖廟において勤められた。
Since the second fire was happened on December 16, Goshoki Hon-ko (a memorial services for Shinran held in the head temple of Jodo Shinshu sect) of this year was performed at the Otani Sobyo Mausoleum for seven days and nights.

上述の地蔵盆と同じく日程をずらして土日にすることが多いため、年によっては他の町内に1週間おくれて大日盆を勤めることもある。
Often the festival is held on a different date, on Saturday or Sunday, similar to Jizo-bon, some towns have Dainichi-bon festival one week later than others, depending on the calendar of each year.

でも不思議なことに、こういうこと言う人のほとんどは、そのソフトは勤め先の会社のものだっていう合意書にサインしてるんだよね。
Well, it's sort of strange that most of them signs agreements saying it belongs to the company they work for.

彼はまだ毎週レイノルズ新聞を一部買っていたが、宗教上の勤めには精を出していたし一年の九割がたは規則正しい生活を送っていた。
He still bought a copy of Reynolds's Newspaper every week but he attended to his religious duties and for nine-tenths of the year lived a regular life.

代官として主に京都に駐在し、朝廷や幕府との折衝の傍ら、三条西家に接近して青苧などの越後特産品の売買に関する奉行職も勤める。
Staying mainly in Kyoto as a local governor, he also served as a bugyo (magistrate) for selling and buying local products from Echigo Province such as Aoso (fiber materials for clothing) by approaching the Sanjonishi family while he negotiated with the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

いままでの研究で、造東大寺司写経所・東塔所・造物所・造石山寺所・法華寺造金堂所の5つの別当を勤めていたことが判明している。
From studies that had conducted so far, it is confirmed that he served as betto for five places, Office of the Sutra copying office of Todai-ji Temple Construction, Todo sho, 造物所, Office of Ishiyama-dera Temple Construction, and Office of Kon-do Hall (main hall of a Buddhist temple) Construction in Hokke-ji Temple.

弁官を勤めていた天平11年（739年）藤原宇合の妻久米若売（くめのわくめ）との姦通の罪を問われて土佐国に流罪に処せられた。
In 739 when he was a Benkan (officials of the Dajokan), he was accused of adultery with KUME no Wakame, the wife of FUJIWARA no Umakai and exiled to Tosa Province.

しかし、幕末に至っても両家による全国編成は完了せず、百姓身分のまま神職を勤める '百姓神主' がかなりの割合で存在していた。
However, nationwide organization by the families did not end even at the end of the Edo period, and there was a significant proportion of 'hyakusho priests,' who served as Shinto priests while staying at the farming rank.

秋田師範学校卒業後、1885年綴子（つづれこ）小学校の主席訓導（実質的には校長）を勤めた後、1887年（明治20年）に上京。
After graduating from Akita Normal School, Konan started working as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) of Tsuzureko Elementary School in 1885, and came up to the capital, Tokyo in 1887.

そして四度にわたり摂関を勤めた二条良基は、数代の天皇の即位時に印明伝授を行い、即位灌頂の儀礼としての定着にも大きく貢献した。
Yoshimoto NIJO, who assumed the position of Sekkan four times, conducted inmyodenju for the emperors of several generations and contributed to the settlement of sokuikanjo as a ritual.

しかし、総攻撃が開始された5月7日、最激戦となった天王口で先陣を勤めていたのは家康であり、名誉回復を果たすことはできなかった。
However, on May 7 when an all-out attack was launched, it was Ieyasu that led the van at Tennoguchi which was the site of the hardest-fought battle, and Hidetada was not able to restore his impaired reputation.

あと、「十三回忌」は、十二支が一巡する事をもとに勤めると考え「二十五回忌」は、十二支が二巡したとも五十回遠忌の半分とも考える。
The jyusankaiki may also be considered one round of jyunishi (twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac) and the nijjyugokaiki (the 24th anniversary of one's death) two rounds or half of the gojyukai onki (the 49th anniversary of one's death).

しかし、伏見天皇即位時に関白を勤めていた二条師忠は、儀式進行に関する天皇からの問いに答えられず、苦境に立たされることになった。
However, Morotada NIJO, who was kanpaku (chief adviser to the emperor) at the time of enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi, could not reply to questions on procedures of the ritual from the emperor, and found himself in dire straits.

浜の真砂と石川五右衛門が、歌に残せし盗人の、種は尽きねえ七里ヶ浜、その白浪の夜働き、以前を言やあ江ノ島で、年季勤めの稚児ヶ淵、
Hama no masago to goemon ga, uta ni nokoseshi nusutto no, tane wa tsukinee shichirigahama, sono shiranami no yobataraki, izen o iyaa enoshimade, nenkizutome no chigogafuchi (As Goemon ISHIKAWA's death poem says, there are innumerable thieves in this world like sand of Shichirigahama beach, and I am one of the thefts who once was a page boy working as apprentice at Enoshima Island.)

その成果は当時竹内が勤めていた五島美術館の展覧会「山上宗二記　天正十四年の眼」（1995年）などを通じて一般に公開されている。
The product of the research has been open to the public on many occasions, including the exhibition titled 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki, the eye in the 14th year of the Tensho era' (1995) held at The Gotoh Museum, where Takeuchi was working at the time.

彼を雇人のように、また旅びとのようにしてあなたの所におらせ、ヨベルの年まであなたの所で勤めさせなさい。 (レビ記 25:40)
As a hired servant, and as a temporary resident, he shall be with you; he shall serve with you until the Year of Jubilee: (Leviticus 25:40)

1919〜1921年のシンフェイン党反乱を鎮圧するためにアイルランドの警察隊に勤めた英国の新人（警察分隊のユニフォームを着た）
an English recruit (who wore a uniform that was black and tan) serving in the Irish constabulary to suppress the Sinn Fein rebellion of 1919 to 1921

理事会は、代表の中から、議長と副議長を選出し、それぞれ一年の任期を勤め、最長で四年間を上限に三回まで再選されることがある2 。
The Council shall elect from among its Representatives a chair (the “Chair”) and a vice-chair (the “Vice-Chair”) who shall each serve for a term of one year and who may be re-elected up to three times for a maximum period of four years.[2]

しかし、急に家庭的な雰囲気が味わいたくなりまして、五年前にフランスを後にして、ここイングランドで従者として勤めてまいりました。
But I left France five years ago, and, wishing to taste the sweets of domestic life, took service as a valet here in England.

これによると巌流小次郎は富田勢源の家人で、常に勢源の打太刀を勤め三尺の太刀を扱えるようになり、18歳で自流を立て巌流と号した。
According to that, Ganryu Kojiro was a vassal of Seigen TODA; he always acted as the opponent for Seigen at lessons of the sword, and became to use a thick and long sword of san-shaku (ninety centimeters length); at the age of eighteen, he developed his own style and called himself Ganryu.

初演時に当時数え14歳の尾上菊五郎 (5代目)が勤めた三吉は、幸蔵を勤める市川小團次 (4代目)をも唸らせるほどの出来だった。
At the very first performance, Sankichi, played by Kikugoro ONOE V at the age of 13, was an excellent performance and even Kodanji ICHIKAWA IV, who played Kozo, was impressed.

上記の説は歴史的に二条家が即位灌頂を勤める機会が多く、即位灌頂が二条家の家業として定着していくことについて説得力がある説である。
The above-mentioned is a convincing view of establishing the sokuikanjo firmly as the family business of Nijo family, based on the historical fact that the Nijo family had many opportunities to conduct sokuikanjo.

また祭司およびレビびとの組と、主の宮のもろもろの務の仕事と、主の宮のもろもろの勤めの器物について授け、 (歴代志1 28:13)
also for the divisions of the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of the house of Yahweh, and for all the vessels of service in the house of Yahweh; (1 Chronicles 28:13)

天和2年（1682年）7月21日から24日まで牛窓（現・瀬戸内市）で朝鮮通信使の接待（朝鮮人御用）に勤めていたことが確認される。
It is confirmed that he was in charge of business entertainment for Chosen tsushinshi (Korean emissary) (official business for Chosen [Korean] people) in Ushimado (present Setouchi City) from August 23 to 26 in 1682.

なお、物語としての忠臣蔵に家老として登場する色部又四郎（安長）や戊辰戦争時に家老を勤め新潟で戦死した色部長門は長実の子孫である。
Incidentally, Matajiro (Yasunaga) IROBE, who appears as a vassal in the story Chushingura (The treasury of Loyal Retainers), and Nagato IROBE, who served as a Karo (chief retainer) during the Boshin Civil War and died in battle in Niigata, were the descendants of Nagazane.

志賀直哉の祖父・直道は、旧相馬中村藩主相馬氏の家令を勤め、古河財閥創始者古河市兵衛と共に足尾銅山の開発をし、相馬事件にも係わった。
Naoya SHIGA's grandfather, Naomichi SHIGA, served as a butler of the Soma Clan, the lord of the former Soma- Nakamura Domain; he developed Ashio Copper Mine together with Ichibe FURUKAWA, the founder of Furukawa Zaibatsu, and was involved in the Soma Incident.

芸を競い合う仲だった中村吉右衛門 (初代)が勤める松蔵とのやりとりは、名調子の台詞もあいまって火花を散らすような凄さだったという。
Kikugoro was in competence with Kichiemon NAKAMURA I who performed Matsuzo, and combined with the lines made up of the famous meter, their exchange was so extreme as though they were having a big argument.

地元の小学生から長老まで約40人が壬生大念仏講中を構成し、学校通い、会社勤め、商いなどの本職のかたわらに練習をし、公演をしている。
The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association is formed from approximately 40 members, spanning a wide age group from local elementary school students to senior citizens, who take time out from their normal occupations as commuting students, salaried employees, running small business and the like to rehearse and perform.
The Mibu Dainenbutsu Association consists of around 40 members ranging from elementary school students to senior citizens who rehearse and perform outside of school and work.

米国の教育者で、1865年（エズラ・コーネルとともに）にコーネル大学を設立して、最初の学長としてに勤めた（1832年−1918年）
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918)

米国の法律専門家で、1972年から1986年まで、裁判長に任命されるまでの間、連邦最高裁判所の陪席判事を勤めた（1924年生まれ）
United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)

永承5年（1050年）に東宮尊仁親王の東宮学士となり、敦成親王（後一条天皇）の侍読を勤めた父資業に続いて、親子二代で侍読となった。
In 1050, he became Togu gakushi (Teacher of the Classics for the Crown Prince) of Togu (the Crown Prince), Imperial Prince Takahito, and with his father, who had became Jidoku of Imperial Prince Atsuhira (Emperor Goichijo), they became as Jidoku in two generations.

天文博士を勤めた後には陰陽寮を超えて主計権助・大膳大夫・左京権大夫・大国である播磨守などの官職を歴任して「従四位下」まで昇進した。
After serving as Tenmon hakase, Seimei went beyond Onmyoryo, successively holding various government posts such as Kazue no gon no suke, Daizen taifu, Sakyo no gon no daifu and the magistrate of the powerful Harima Province and climbed to 'Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).'

死の前年には南都に上り久しぶりの薪能参勤を果たし、生家宝生家に金剛家からの養子を斡旋、また家康の子・松平信康の能の指南役を勤めた。
During the year before his death, he went to Nanto to perform Takigi-Noh after a long while, arranged an adoption from the Kongo family to his birth family the Hosho family, and taught Noh to Ieyasu's child Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA.

川越城将を勤め18万石を治めた大道寺政繁の次男大道寺重直が、北条氏滅亡後に加賀国前田氏を経て松平忠吉に2000石で仕えたのに始まる。
After the fall of the Hojo clan, Shigenao DAIDOJI, the second son of Masashige DAIDOJI who worked as the top at Kawagoe-jo Castle and governed 180 thousand koku crop yields, served the Maeda clan of Kaga Province and then began to serve Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA with two thousand Goku crop yields.

ダビデはエレアザルの子孫ザドクとイタマルの子孫アヒメレクの助けによって彼らを分けて、それぞれの勤めにつけた。 (歴代志1 24:3)
David with Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, divided them according to their ordering in their service. (1 Chronicles 24:3)

また、母校の立命館大学や、京都薬科大学で理事職にあったほか、京都外国語大学では理事長を勤めるなど教育界においても幅広い活躍をみせた。
He also played an active role in a wide range of education circles by serving as a board member of Kyoto Pharmaceutical University and his alma mater, Ritsumeikan University, and elsewhere, and by sitting as President of Kyoto University of Foreign Studies.

明治15年 (1882) 鴈治郎を自身の一座に加え、『植木屋』の弥七を勤めた時は「よう見ときや」と声をかけてまず自分が演じて見せた。
In 1882, he added Ganjiro to his own troupe and when he performed Yashichi in 'Uekiya,' he performed first himself saying 'Please pay attention to what I do carefully.'

明治30年（1897年）から勤めた熊本の第五高等学校 (旧制)では夏目漱石の同僚となってよき相談相手となり詩文などでも親交を深めた。
At the former Fifth High School in Kumamoto, where Uzan worked from 1897, he became a colleague and good adviser of Soseki NATSUME, and they deepened their friendship through prose and poetry, etc.

またもろもろの勤めに用いるすべての金の器を造る金の目方、およびもろもろの勤めに用いる銀の器の目方を定めた。 (歴代志1 28:14)
of gold by weight for the gold, for all vessels of every kind of service; for all the vessels of silver by weight, for all vessels of every kind of service; (1 Chronicles 28:14)

本書は、伊予吉田藩にて御殿医を勤めた平住専安（生年不詳 - 享保19年8月7日（1734年9月4日））が、正徳_(日本)年間に著した。
The book was written in the Shotoku (Japan) era by Senan HIRAZUMI (year of birth unknown, died on September 4, 1734) who served as a family doctor to the lord of the domain of Iyo-Yoshida.

実業界に転じ、加島屋（現在の大同生命）の再興に尽力したほか、大阪堂島米穀取引所監査役、朝日生命保険株式会社副社長を勤めるなど活躍した。
He then entered the business world and actively dedicated himself to reconstructing Kashimaya (present Daido Life Insurance Company), as well as, taking charge of the auditor of Dojima Rice Exchange, Osaka, and the vice president of Asahi Life Insurance Company.

この後､大番頭座書役となり､7年間勤めたが､この間幾度か藩主に拝謁する機会も得､精勤振りを認められ､褒賞として金130両を下賜された。
After that, he became a clerk at the treasury, and while he had served for seven years, he had several chances to have an audience with the domain lord, and was awarded 130 ryo of gold as special compensation for his diligence.

主人のこころを知っていながら、それに従って用意もせず勤めもしなかった僕は、多くむち打たれるであろう。 (ルカによる福音書 12:47)
That servant, who knew his lord's will, and didn't prepare, nor do what he wanted, will be beaten with many stripes, (Luke 12:47)

このように勤めのことが備わったので、王の命に従って祭司たちはその持ち場に立ち、レビびとはその班に従って仕え、 (歴代志2 35:10)
So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites by their divisions, according to the king's commandment. (2 Chronicles 35:10)

中央集権制における地方政治は、各地に設置された役所やそこに勤める官吏が、中央政府から委譲された一定の権限を行使することによって行われる。
Under the centralized authoritarian rule, each local government office and the officials working there executed the authority devolved from the central government to run the local government.

しかし、女性が外に勤めに出ることも多くなったなどの事情もあり、コンビニエンスストアで買ってきたおにぎりやパンを持参する生徒も多くなった。
Then, due to increased woman's chance of working outside, the number of students who buy rice balls or bread at a convenience store to take to school have increased.

昭和24年 (1949) 1月、東横劇場で道玄を勤めていた菊五郎は眼底出血で倒れ、再起できぬまま死去、これが図らずも最後の舞台となった。
In January 1949, Kikugoro who was performing Dogen at Toyoko Gekijo Theater collapsed due to a hemorrhage in the eyeground, and died without making comeback on stage; this was his last performance.

彼はまた主を敬い、自分たちのうちから一般の民を立てて高き所の祭司としたので、その人々は高き所の家で勤めをした。 (列王紀2 17:32)
So they feared Yahweh, and made to them from among themselves priests of the high places, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places. (2 Kings 17:32)

彼は、ジョージ・ワシントンによって任命されて、裁判長として簡潔に勤めましたが、結局、米国上院によって拒絶された（1739年−1800年）
he was appointed by George Washington and briefly served as chief justice but was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate (1739-1800)

父・仙は幕臣であったため、幕府崩壊とともに職を失ったが、1869年（明治2年）に築地のホテル館へ勤めはじめ、津田家は一家で向島へ移った。
Although her father Sen lost his job as a direct retainer after the collapse of the Shogunate, he began working at a hotel in Tsukiji in 1869, and the family moved to Mukojima.

民部省に勤めたのち、明治6（1873）年には、ウイーン万国博覧会に副総裁として出席する佐野常民（日本赤十字社の創設者）の書記官として随行。
After working for Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs), he accompanied Tsunetami SANO (the founder of the Japanese Red Cross Society) as a secretary when Sano attended the world exposition in Vienna as a vice-president.

このほかおびただしい燔祭があり、また、酬恩祭の脂肪および燔祭の灌祭もあった。こうして、主の宮の勤めは回復された。 (歴代志2 29:35)
Also the burnt offerings were in abundance, with the fat of the peace offerings, and with the drink offerings for every burnt offering. So the service of the house of Yahweh was set in order. (2 Chronicles 29:35)

また、つぼと、十能と、心切りばさみと、鉢と、香を盛る皿および宮の勤めに用いる青銅の器をことごとく取って行った。 (エレミヤ書 52:18)
They also took away the pots, the shovels, the snuffers, the basins, the spoons, and all the vessels of brass with which they ministered. (Jeremiah 52:18)

「君の仕事についてはお客さんから不満が殺到している。すぐに辞めてもらおう」「ふん、くそったれめ。こんな所はじめから勤めたくなかったんだ。」
'Your work has been causing a lot of complaints from customers; I'm ordering you to leave immediately.' 'Oh, up yours! I didn't want to work here in the first place.'

それでも、受領を勤めると多大な蓄財ができたといわれ、蓄財によって上流貴族へ私的に奉仕し、受領の座を確保しようとする中流貴族は少なくなかった。
Still, it is said that they could accumulate great wealth once they worked as Zuryo, and quite a number of middle class nobles served the upper class nobles privately by providing them with a substantial financial contribution in order to keep the position of Zuryo.

古市家は初め200石、2世宗庵は加増されて300石、以後8世宗安まで茶道頭を勤めるが天保3年（1832年）に不行跡により知行召し上げとなる。
The Furuichi family was primarily in possession of a fief yielding 200 koku (crop yield), and the second head, Soan had the fief increased to 300 koku, and the following heads till the eighth head, Soan, served as chadogashira (a director in charge of maintaining tea utensils and performing the tea ceremony for a shogunate and domains); however Soan's misconduct caused the family's enfeoffment to be confiscated in 1832.

長久3年（1042年）には後朱雀天皇の第二皇子尊仁親王（後の後三条天皇）読書始で尚復（侍読が読んだ内容を復唱する役割）を勤めた（『今鏡』）。
In 1042, he served as Shofuku (a person who repeats after what Jidoku [Imperial tutor] has read) in Dokushohajime (a ceremony when one starts to study) of the second Prince of Emperor Gosuzaku, Imperial Prince Takahito (later Emperor Gosanjo) ('Imakagami' [The Mirror of the Present]).

小姓は、主君の男色（男性同性愛）の相手とされることがあった（一般に「小姓の仕事」として知られているこの勤めにつく者を「児小姓」とも称する。）
There were times when Kosho were forced to be the homosexual partner of pederast lords (Kosho who were stuck with this duty, known in general as 'the work of Kosho,' were also called 'Kogosho' which meant they were Kosho who had not yet attained manhood.

薬祖神は二宮忠八が製薬会社に勤めていたことによるもので、金毘羅は忠八が讃岐国の金刀比羅宮（船の神、飛行機に通じる）を信仰していたことによる。
Yakusoshin (deity of herbal medicine) is enshrined because Chuhachi NINOMIYA worked for a Pharmaceutical company, and Konpira is enshrined because he believed in the Kotohira-gu Shrine (dedicated to a god of ship, which is associated with airplanes) in Sanuki Province.

典侍は天皇の日常生活における秘書的役割を勤める者（お清の女官）と、同じ典侍でも天皇の寵愛を一身に受け、皇子女を生む側室の役割を持つ者がいた。
Some Naishi no suke served as the secretary in the daily life of the Emperor (vestal court ladies), others served as the concubines who receive the total favor of the Emperor and bear princes and princesses.

また、正重は文明開化とともに衰微する一方であった京都の民間芸能の保存にも熱心で、祇園祭の長刀鉾の稚児の世話役や壬生狂言の維持会長などを勤めた。
Masashige was also keen on preserving folk performing arts in Kyoto that had been declining along with the progress of civilization and enlightenment and he took care of children who joined and rode the Naginata (long-handled sword) float in Gion Festival and served as chairperson of the preservation committee of Mibu Kyogen (pantomime performed in Mibu-dera Temple).

父・レオナルドは牧師のほかイェール大学神学校の教師も勤め、南北戦争の時、いち早く奴隷制に反対する論陣を張るなど、人望が厚く地元の名士であった。
Her father Leonard served as not only a clergyman but also a teacher at the divinity school of Yale University, and during the Civil War he took the initiative in supporting the campaign against slavery, therefore he was highly respected in the local.

大韓民国でも、この時期、月見の習慣があり、チュソク（秋夕）といい、勤めも休みになり、郷里で親族と共に祝うお正月、お盆に次ぐお祭りになっている。
The Republic of Korea also has the custom of moon viewing around this time, which is called Chuseok; it's the third-biggest festival next to the New Year and Lantern Festival as holidays from work to celebrate with families in one's hometown.

今西家は江戸初期から幕末まで前述のように惣年寄役として勤めてきたのであるが、これは現位置すなわち慶安三年に本建物が創立されてからのことである。
As mentioned earlier, the Imanishi family had worked as so-doshiyori between the early Edo period and the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate but it was after Imanishi-ke Jutaku was first established at the present location in 1650 that they began to perform this role.

行成は俊賢より13歳年下であったが、二人は後々まで相許した親友で、俊賢は行成男藤原良経の加冠役を勤め、嫡子顕基の後妻に行成女を迎えたとされる。
Yukinari was 13 years younger than Toshikata but they were friends for a long time hence, and Toshikata served as the Kakanyaku (presenter of the crest at Genpuku ceremony) for the son of Yukinari, FUJIWARA no Yoshitsune, and invited the daughter of Yukinari to be the second wife of his progeny, Akimoto.

軍事貴族たちはこのようにして受領を勤めた後、再び別の国の受領となったり、あるいは衛門府尉や刑部省丞などの武官的な官職に補任されることが多かった。
After serving as zuryo as described above, military aristocrats often became zuryo of other provinces or were appointed to be military officers such as emonfu jo (lieutenant at the outer palace guard headquarters) and senior or junior secretaries of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice).

その後現在に至るまで最も多くの興行でこれを勤めているのは代々の十寸見河東とその弟子たち、いわゆる「河東節連中｣（かとうぶしれんじゅう）である。
Kato MASUMI and his disciples called 'Katobushi renju' had performed the accompaniment in most stages from that period until the present for successive generations.

享保12年(1727年)、江戸中村座の『国性爺竹抜五郎』（こくせんや・たけぬき-ごろう）において市川團十郎_(2代目)が勤めた曾我時致が初出か。
The first performance was presumably Tokimune SOGA in 'Kokusenya Takenuki Goro' (Coxinga and Bamboo-Uprooting Goro) played by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the second) at Edo Nakamura-za Theater in 1727.

このようにその日、主の勤めの事がことごとく備わったので、ヨシヤ王の命に従って過越の祭を行い、主の祭壇に燔祭をささげた。 (歴代志2 35:16)
So all the service of Yahweh was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on the altar of Yahweh, according to the commandment of king Josiah. (2 Chronicles 35:16)

各代表の信任状は、理事会の議長によって審査され、議長は結果について報告書を提出する。代表は、理事会の議長が任期終了を通知するまで任期を勤める1。
The credentials of each Representative shall be examined by the Chair of the Council who shall report thereon to the meeting. A Representative shall continue to hold such position until such time as the Chair of the Council is notified of the termination of his[1] appointment.

また、藤堂氏は徳川氏の先鋒とされ軍事的には譜代筆頭の井伊氏と同格であり、池田輝政は親藩と同格とされ大坂の役の総大将を勤める予定だったといわれる。
The other such exceptional tozama daimyo included the TODO clan, who served as the TOKUGAWA clan's spearhead and was, in the military, ranked as high as the II clan of the Fudai Hitto (Principal fudai daimyo), and Terumasa IKEDA was ranked as high as shinpan (TOKUGAWA's relatives) and was once expected to serve as the Commander-in-Chief in the Sieges of Ozaka.

この人物は7世紀後半の学者官僚で『律令』選定、史書編纂に係わり皇太子学士を勤め、『壊風藻』に神仙思想を基にした漢詩を残す当代一級の知識人であった。
He was regarded as the greatest intellectual of the day, and was a scholar and government official in the late 7th century, selecting 'Ritsuryo' (a kind of law), being involved in the compilation of history books, working as Kotaishigakushi (an official in charge of the education of the Crown Prince), and who left Chinese poems based on concepts of Taoist immortality in 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry).

(1)代々同じ家が就任する世襲名主制、(2)一年ごとに交代する年番名主制、(3)その中間型（世襲ではないがある者が複数年勤める形）の3つがあった。
There were three selection procedures for the position: (1) the Heredity Nanushi system would require the legacy in a member of the same family having successively assumed an office in a Nanushi or Shoya position; (2) the Nenban Nanushi system required a yearly family rotation; (3) the final procedural type was a hybrid of the former two (This type was not heredity, but certain persons served in the position for several years).

極官は参議止まりであったが、西洞院家の女子の多くは後宮に勤め、歴代の当主の多くは日記を記しており、当時の公家社会の様子を知る手がかりとなっている。
Although the highest office achieved was Sangi, many women of the Nishinotoin family worked in the kokyu (empress's residence) and many generations of the family heads left diaries, valuable records of kuge society in each generation.

始め宮中に仕え勾当内侍を勤めていたが、大奥「大奥総取締」・右衛門佐局の紹介で貞享年間（1684年 - 1688年）に江戸へ下向して大奥上臈となる。
She first served in the Imperial Court as a Koto no naishi (a court noble lady) and then went to Edo to become a Joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court) by introduction of Uemon no suke no tsubone, a head of O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) in Jokyo era (1684-1688).

女優の入江たか子（本名：英子）は次女で、姉で長女の東坊城敏子は大正時代に貞明皇后付の女官として長年勤め、目黒雅叙園の創始者である細川力蔵に嫁いだ。
Actress Takako IRIE (real name: Hideko) was his second daughter and his first daughter and Hideko's elder sister, Toshiko HIGASHIBOJO served Empress Teimei as court lady for a long time in the Taisho era and was married to Rikizo HOSOKAWA, the founder of Meguro Gajoen.

ただしすべて登録された三歳以上の男子で主の宮に入り、その班に従って日々の職分をつくし、その受持の勤めをなす者は除かれた。 (歴代志2 31:16)
besides those who were reckoned by genealogy of males, from three years old and upward, even everyone who entered into the house of Yahweh, as the duty of every day required, for their service in their offices according to their divisions; (2 Chronicles 31:16)

早くより藤原忠実、藤原頼長父子に近侍し、保延元年（1135年）に頼長の前駆を、永治元年（1141年）には高陽院藤原泰子（忠実の娘）の蔵人を勤める。
He served the father and son of FUJIWARA no Tadazane and FUJIWARA no Yorinaga from early on, and served as Zengu (leader of a procession) of Yorinaga in 1135 and Kurodo of Kayano-in FUJIWARA no Taishi (daughter of Tadazane) in 1141.

江戸時代初期にはこのほかに伏見城と駿府城の警護に当たっっていたが、伏見在番は伏見廃城により、駿府在番は書院番が勤めることになり、それぞれ廃止された。
In the early Edo period, in addition to Nijo Castle and Osaka Castle, oban guarded Fushimi Castle and Sunpu Castle; however, the guard of Fushimi Castle and Sunpu Castle were abolished because Fushimi Castle was razed and the guard of Sunpu Castle was taken over by shoinban.

その修行内容は「永平清規」を厳しく守り、一時的な見性に満足してしまうことや坐禅の他に悟りを求めることを良しとせず、只管に坐禅を勤めることに特色がある。
The contents of the ascetic practices are characterized by keeping 'Eihei Shingi' (Eihei Rules of Purity) strictly and devoting oneself to mediation without being satisfied with a temporal Kensho (certification of the properties) or seeking an enlightenment in other practices except mediation.

これによって「滝口の武者」は朝廷が公式に認める「武士」となり、それを勤めて実績を積み、六位程度の六衛府の武官を目指すのが平安時代後期の武士の姿だった。
This led the 'Takiguchi soldiers' to become 'warriors' officially admitted by the Imperial court, and it was the ideal of samurai warriors in the late period of the Heian period to earn some achievements by serving as a Takiguchi warrior, and aspire to become a military attache of Rokuefu (Six guard divisions) with a position equal to Rokui (Sixth Rank).

元より宗家の伝書類は天文11年の火事でほとんど失われており、宗節は元尚とともに、十郎大夫が家康に献上していたこれらの著作を書写・整理することに勤めた。
Most of the documents of the family head had already been lost in a fire in 1542, and Sosetsu together with Motohisa worked to copy and organize the remaining works, which Juro Dayu had presented to Ieyasu.

佐竹氏全盛期の佐竹義重 (十八代当主)・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)時代には和田昭為、一門筋に当たる人見藤道とともに佐竹家の三家老を勤めた小貫頼久を輩出する。
During the days of Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th head of the family) and Yoshinobu SATAKE (master of the Western Capital Offices) at the height of its prosperity, the Onuki clan produced Yorihisa ONUKI, who assumed office as one of the three chief retainers of the Satake family together with Akitame WADA and Fujimichi HITOMI who was from the same family.

わが神よ、この事のためにわたしを覚えてください。わが神の宮とその勤めのためにわたしが行った良きわざをぬぐい去らないでください。 (ネヘミヤ書 13:14)
Remember me, my God, concerning this, and don't wipe out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for its observances. (Nehemiah 13:14)

ただし、元来越後上杉家が守護を勤め、越後上杉被官家臣が数多くいた越後を統一するには、上杉家宗家である山内上杉家の家督は必要不可欠であったとする指摘もある。
However, it was also pointed out that the Echigo-Uesugi family originally served as Shugo (provincial constable), the headship of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi family, a Soke (head of family, originator) of the Uesugi family, was indispensable to unify Echigo Province where a large number of hikan (low-level bureaucrat) vassals of Echigo-Uesugi family existed.

明治40年4月4日に初めて策定された国防方針においては、まず国家目標として開国進取の国是に則って国権の拡張を図り、国利民福の増進に勤める二点にと定められた。
The policy for national defense formulated on April 4, 1907, stated two points; to firstly expand the sovereign right as the national goal based on a national virtue which was the opening of Japan, and to promote national interests and people's welfare.

この内、代々蔵人を勤めた2家は江戸時代後期の弘化4年12月17日 (旧暦)（1848年1月22日）堂上家（半家 (公家)）に列せられた（最後の堂上家昇格）。
Among them, two families which served as kurodo for generations were promoted to toshoke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) (hanke [lowest rank for toshoke] [kuge - court nobles]) on January 22, 1848 duging the last stage of the Edo Period (last promotion to toshoke).

起源としては、菅原道真が886年から889年の4年間、讃岐国の国司を勤めた時に行った「雨乞いの踊り」とされ、翌年から村人達が感謝の意味で踊ったのが今に残る。
Its origin is believed to derive from the 'rain dance' held by SUGAWARA no Michizane over four years from 886 to 889 when he was kokushi (provincial governor) of Sanuki Province, and the dance danced by villagers to express their gratitude the following year still remains.

そもそも、三好氏は甲斐源氏の名流　小笠原氏の傍流にて鎌倉時代は阿波守護をも勤める家柄であったが、室町時代は阿波守護　細川氏を守り立てて守護代の地位にあった。
In fact, the Miyoshi clan were relatives of a notable branch of the Kai Genji clan, the Ogasawara clan, which had served as Awa Shugo in the Kamakura period, but in the Muromachi period they were Shugodai who protected the Awa Shugo, the Hosokawa clan.

慶応4年（1868年）の戊辰戦争では、山城国八幡の警護を勤めるなど、はじめは新政府に恭順していたが、このときに新政府軍に発砲して敵対したため、朝敵とされた。
In the Boshin Civil War in 1868, he was loyal to the new government at first as he served as a guard for Hachiman, Yamashiro Province, but he opposed the army of the new government and fired at them, so he was considered an enemy of the Emperor.

彼らはダビデおよびその子ソロモンの命令に従って、神の勤めおよび清め事の勤めをした。歌うたう者および門を守る者もそのように行った。 (ネヘミヤ書 12:45)
They performed the duty of their God, and the duty of the purification, and so did the singers and the porters, according to the commandment of David, and of Solomon his son. (Nehemiah 12:45)

1800年（寛政12年）25歳の折に勤め先の旅籠で備中松山藩藩士代々江戸在住の山鹿素行兵学者であった平田藤兵衛（平田篤穏（あつやす））の目にとまり養子となる。
In 1800, Atsutane came under notice of Tobei HIRATA (Atsuyasu HIRATA), who was a Soko YAMAGA strategist of feudal retainer of Bicchu-Matsuyama Domain and lived in Edo for generations, in hatago (inn with meals), where he was working at age of 25 and became his adopted son.

MACの議長と副議長は、MAC委員の中からイーター理事会が任命する。議長と副議長はそれぞれ一年の任期を勤め、最長で四年間を上限に三回まで再選されることができる。
The Chair and Vice-Chair of the MAC shall be appointed by the IC from among the members of the MAC. The Chair and Vice-Chair shall each serve for a term of one year and may be re-appointed up to three times for a maximum period of four years.

元輔が歌人として高名だったことは、『枕草子』にみえる、女房勤めした折に清少納言が「父の名を辱めたくないので歌は詠まない」といって許されたという挿話からも伺える。
One story in 'Makuranososhi' (The Pillow Book) has it that Sei Shonagon was allowed not to make poems when she started to work at the Imperial Court, as she said she did not want to make any poems because her poems might bring shame on her father, and this story tells that Motosuke was such a great poet.

人は生まれながらにして貴賎上下の別はないけれどただ学問を勤めて物事をよく知るものは貴人となり富人となり、無学なる者は貧人となり下人となるのだ。」という事である。
There is no difference in nature between the noble and the common, but just those who work hard to gain knowledge will be noble and rich, and those who do not will become poor and uncivilized.

ただ、歴代の当主が室町幕府と江戸幕府の征夷大将軍の偏諱を受けるなど武家政権と親密であった二条家は、室町時代において摂関を勤める期間が他の五摂家と比べて長かった。
As the Nijo family was close to samurai governments as seen in the fact that the heads of the Nijo family were granted use of a portion of the real name of seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and the Edo bakufu, however, the time period in which members of the Nijo family were in a position of Sekkan during the Muromachi period was longer than that of other members of gosekke.

明治4年（1871年）、明治政府に招かれ宮内省土木寮勤めとなり、万世橋を明治6年（1873年）に、翌年に浅草橋と蓬莱橋、そしてさらに翌年に江戸橋と京橋を架けた。
In 1871, he was invited by the Meiji Government to work in Civil Engineering Bureau in Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household), and built Mansei-bashi Bridge in 1873, Asakusa-bashi Bridge and Horai-bashi Bridge the following year, and in1875, Edo-bashi Bridge and Kyo-bashi Bridge.

しかし、別の説では島津久光の写字生として勤めていたが、公の書物を質に入れて焼酎を飲んでいたことがばれて、沖永良部島に流されたとされる（これが流布されている通説）。
However, according to another story, when he was working as copyist for Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, he was found that he had been buying shochu (Japanese distilled grain liquor) by putting the public documents in pledge, and sent to Okinoerabu-jima Island (and this is the popular theory).

このたび父が旧主のために金子百両を必要としていることを知り、これを用立てて勘当を解いてもらおうと考え、女房お六に因果を含め、小万と名乗らせて芸者勤めをさせている。
Since Sangoro's father needs 100 ryo for his former master, Sangoro planned to prepare the money for gaining his father's forgiveness; he persuaded his wife Oroku of its necessity and she eventually became a geisha calling herself Koman.

STACの議長と副議長は、STAC委員の中からイーター理事会が任命する。議長と副議長はそれぞれ一年の任期を勤め、最長で四年間を上限に三回まで再選されることができる。
The Chair and Vice-Chair of the STAC shall be appointed by the IC from among the members of the STAC. The Chair and Vice-Chair shall each serve for a term of one year and may be re-appointed up to three times for a maximum period of four years.

主に関西歌舞伎を中心に舞台を勤め、中村鴈治郎 (初代)・中村魁車・中村梅玉 (3代目)らの死後は、阪東壽三郎 (3代目)と並んで「双壽時代」と呼ばれる一時代を築く。
He mainly performed in Kansai Kabuki and, after the death of Ganjiro NAKAMURA (I), Kaisha NAKAMURA and Baigyoku NAKAMURA (III), he established an epoch called 'Soju Jidai' (era of two Ju) together with Jusaburo BANDO (III).

翌々日、御所に勤める女官である阿波局 (北条時政の娘)が朝光に「あなたの発言が謀反の証拠であるとして梶原景時が将軍に讒言し、あなたは殺される事になっている」と告げた。
Two days later, Awa no tsubone (a daughter of Tokimasa HOJO) working at the palace as a court lady said to Tomomitsu, 'You are to be killed because Kagetoki KAJIWARA made a slanderous report to the shogun by regarding your talk as evidence of rebellion.'

この説によれば、二条家の都合がもとで開始された即位灌頂であるため、天皇の即位時、二条家が摂関を勤めていない場合、当初、即位灌頂は基本的には行われなかったものと推定する。
According to this view, as sokuikanjo was introduced due to wishes of the Nijo family, it is inferred that sokuikanjo was not usually conducted if sekkan were not from the Nijo family on the occasion of enthronement of the emperor.

源頼朝の御所に勤める女官であった姫の前は美人で有名で、『吾妻鏡』に｢比企の籐内朝宗が息女、当時権威無双の女房なりて、殊に御意に相叶う、容顔太だ美麗なり｣と記されている。
Hime no Mae, who worked at MINAMOTO no Yoritomo's Palace as a court lady was famous for her beauty, and according to 'Azumakagami' (a histrical book written in the Kamakura period), she was described as 'a daughter of Tomomune TONAI in HIki county and at the time a matchlessly powerfull employee, a favorite of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, and a very beautifull woman.'

平群氏は大和国西北部の平群郡を根拠地とし、5世紀の頃には国政を左右するような大臣を出したこともあるが、この頃には中級の官人となり、諸国の国司などを勤める家柄になっている。
The Heguri clan set up their base at Hegurino-kori in the northwestern part of Yamato Province, and during the fifth century, produced a minister who was so powerful as to influence over the state affairs; in the days of Hironari, the clan had become the house of middle-ranking officials, producing the governors of several provinces.

その後、辰五郎役は市村羽左衛門 (15代目)、尾上松緑 (2代目)、中村勘三郎 (17代目)、そして尾上菊五郎 (7代目)と、江戸前の世話物を得意とする役者が勤めている。
Later, the role of Tatsugoro was performed by Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth, Shoroku ONOE the second, Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the seventeenth, and Kikugoro ONOE the seventh, who were all good at acting in the Edo-style sewamono drama.

チェコの劇作家、政治家で、脚本が全体主義に反対し、1989年から1992年にかけてチェコスロバキアの大統領、1993年以降チェコ共和国の大統領を勤めた（1936年生まれ）
Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)

また政界においては、1874年に桑田郡追分村戸長をつとめたのを皮切りに、京都府議会議員、衆議院、貴族院 (日本)なども勤め、文字通り関西政財界のトップとして君臨し続けた。
In the political field, after taking the position of kocho (village officer) for Oiwake-mura, Kuwata County in 1874, he served as a member of Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, the House of Representatives and the House of Peers (Japan) and literally, continued to dominate political and business fields in the Kansai.

延暦年間に陰陽頭を勤めたという記録のほか、782年（延暦元年）には、氷上川継の謀反（氷上川継の乱）に連座して、隠岐介に左遷（実態は流罪）されたとの記録もある（続日本紀）。
It is written that YAMANOUE, being implicated in the Rebellion of HIKAMI no Kawatsugu in 782, was demoted to the post of Oki no kami (actually a form of banishment) aside from his serving as Onmyo no kami during the years of Enryaku (Shoku nihongi).

鎌倉時代後期には毛利時親が京都の六波羅探題の評定衆を勤めるが、姻戚関係であった内管領の長崎円喜が執権北条高時に代わり幕府で政権を握っているのを嫌い、料所の河内国へ隠棲する。
During the late Kamakura period, Tokichika MORI assumed the position of hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) for the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto); however, displeased with the matrimonially related Enki NAGASAKI, the Naikanrei (head of Tokuso Family), holding power in the bakufu instead of the regent Takatoki HOJO, Tokichika lived in seclusion in goryosho (the imperial or shogunate's estate) in the Kawachi Province.

明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.

エリはひじょうに年をとった。そしてその子らがイスラエルの人々にしたいろいろのことを聞き、また会見の幕屋の入口で勤めていた女たちと寝たことを聞いて、 (サムエル記上 2:22)
Now Eli was very old; and he heard all that his sons did to all Israel, and how that they lay with the women who served at the door of the Tent of Meeting. (1 Samuel 2:22)

あなたが若い時から勤め行ったあなたの魔法と、多くの魔術とをもって立ちむかってみよ、あるいは成功するかもしれない、あるいは敵を恐れさせるかもしれない。 (イザヤ書 47:12)
'Stand now with your enchantments, and with the multitude of your sorceries, in which you have labored from your youth; if so be you shall be able to profit, if so be you may prevail. (Isaiah 47:12)

翌、治暦5年（1069年）には、同じく尊仁親王の学士であった大江匡房とともに新東宮貞仁親王（後の白河天皇）の学士に任じられ、尊仁・貞仁と二代続けて東宮学士を勤めることとなる。
In the next year, 1069, along with OE no Masafusa, who was also gakushi (teacher) of Imperial Prince Takahito, he was appointed as gakushi of new Togu Imperial Prince Sadahito (later Emperor Shirakawa), and came to serve as Togu gakushi for two generations, Takahito and Sadahito.

当時の勤め人の平均月給は五十円程度の時代で、伊藤はまだ会社勤務の技術者だったため、平均月給よりも高給を得ていたが、所持していた高価なカメラなどを処分しても三百円に足りなかった。
In those days when the average monthly wages for salaried workers was about 50 yen, ITO's salary as an engineer was higher than the average but the money he managed to raise by selling his expensive camera and others was short of the 3 million yen.

1909年に教授、1910年に時の総長の推薦を受けて文学博士となり、二十年を東洋史担当として勤め、同僚の狩野直喜・桑原隲蔵とともに「京都中国学」を創設、京大の学宝とまで呼ばれた。
Naito became a professor in 1909 and a Doctor of Literature in 1910 at the recommendation of the president of Kyoto University; Konan taught East Asian History for twenty years, established 'Study on Chinese history by Kyoto University,' together with his colleagues, Naoki KANO and Jitsuzo KUWABARA, and was called a treasure of the university.

清盛は3月に石清水臨時祭の舞人に選ばれるが、清盛の馬の口取を祇園女御の養子とされる内大臣・源有仁の随身が勤めていることから、幼少期の清盛は祇園女御の庇護の下で成長したと思われる。
Kiyomori was selected to be one of the dancers at the Iwashimizu-rinji-matsuri festival in March, and the reins of his horse were attached by an attendant of Nai-daijin (Minister of the Center), MINAMOTO no Arihito, who was said to be an adopted child of the Gion no nyogo; therefore, it is believed that the Gion no nyogo served as a guardian of young Kiyomori while he was growing up.

しかし、四座に属し幕府御用を勤めていた鷺・大蔵二流に比べれば、明治以前の和泉流は名古屋（宗家、野村又三郎家）・京都・金沢（三宅藤九郎家）を中心として活動する地方流儀に過ぎなかった。
However, compared with the two other main schools, the Sagi school and the Okura school serving as official Kyogen schools in the Shogun's court by belonging to Yoza (four troupes of Kyogen), the Izumi school before the Meiji period was no more than a local school performing Kyogen in and around Nagoya (base for the head family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family), Kyoto, and Kanazawa (base for the Tokuro MIYAKE family).

僕たる者よ、何事についても、肉による主人に従いなさい。人にへつらおうとして、目先だけの勤めをするのではなく、真心をこめて主を恐れつつ、従いなさい。 (コロサイ人への手紙 3:22)
Servants, obey in all things those who are your masters according to the flesh, not just when they are looking, as men pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing God. (Colossians 3:22)

昭和51年、真言宗醍醐派総本山醍醐寺では、醍醐山開創一千百年を迎えたが、伊藤真乗は、真言宗醍醐派総本山醍醐寺の命を承けて大導師を勤め、醍醐山開創一千百年真如苑慶讃法要を執行している。
In 1976, when Sohonzan Daigo-ji Temple was part of the Daigo school, the Shingon sect had its 1100th anniversary after opening the Daigo mountain; Shinjo ITO acted as 大導師 due to the order from Sohonzan Daigo-ji Temple of Daigo school, Shingon sect, and also conducted the Buddhist memorial service of 真如苑慶讃法要 to commemorate the anniversary.

祭司と、勤めをするレビびとのほかは、だれも主の宮に、はいってはならない。彼らは聖なる者であるから、はいることができる。民は皆、主の命令を守らなければならない。 (歴代志2 23:6)
But let no one come into the house of Yahweh, except the priests, and those who minister of the Levites. They shall come in, for they are holy, but all the people shall follow Yahweh's instructions. (2 Chronicles 23:6)

2001年（平成13年）には、本山「東京本願寺」の名称を「浄土真宗東本願寺派本山東本願寺」へ改称することが認可され、法主継承を奉告する「傅燈式」とともに「寺号公称奉告法要」を勤めた。
In 2001, the name of the main temple, Tokyo Hongan-ji Temple was approved for a change to the Jodo Shinshu sect, Higashi Hongan-ji school, Honzan Higashi Hongan-ji Temple, and he served in the ceremony for public announcement of the name of the temple and succession of the next Hoshu.

以後、直講、助教などを兼任しながら同職を勤め、保元2年（1157年）に掃部頭に任じた際に一旦辞するが、永暦 (日本)元年（1160年）に再度任じ、永万2年（1166年）まで勤め上げた。
He also served additionally as chokko (assistant teacher of Keisho) and assistant professor but quit once he became Kamon no kami (Director at the Bureau of Palace Upkeep) in 1157, but was reassigned to the position in 1160 and served until 1166.

戦前からの鉄道ファンとしても有名で、鉄道友の会の理事や名誉会長も勤め、ブルーリボン賞 (鉄道)叙与式、大阪市電最終運転日など関西での鉄道関係のセレモニーには来賓としてしばしば顔を出した。
Prior to World War II he became known as a railroad fanatic; he acted as a director and honorary chairman of Tetsudo-tomo-no-kai (Railroad Fanatics' Association) and often attended railroad-related ceremonies held in the Kansai region, such as the presentation ceremonies of Blue Ribbon Ward (railroad) and the Osaka City Railroad's final day of operation.

これらは皆オベデ・エドムの子孫である。彼らはその子たちおよびその兄弟たちと共にその勤めに適した力ある人々で、合わせて六十二人、みなオベデ・エドムに属する者である。 (歴代志1 26:8)
All these were of the sons of Obed-Edom: they and their sons and their brothers, able men in strength for the service; sixty-two of Obed-Edom. (1 Chronicles 26:8)

ヒゼキヤは祭司およびレビびとの班を定め、班ごとにおのおのその勤めに従って、祭司とレビびとに燔祭と酬恩祭をささげさせ、主の営の門で勤めをし、感謝をし、さんびをさせた。 (歴代志2 31:2)
Hezekiah appointed the divisions of the priests and the Levites after their divisions, every man according to his service, both the priests and the Levites, for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, to minister, and to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the camp of Yahweh. (2 Chronicles 31:2)

役職を勤めることによって得られる役給は、(1)領主から支給される場合、(2)「村入用」と呼ばれる村の財政から支給される場合、(3)「給田」などと決められた土地が支給される場合の3つがあった。
There were three types of compensation for serving in these positions: (1) Payments by a feudal load: (2) Payments through village finance, called 'Muraninyo': (3) Payments in designated land, named 'Kyuden.'

なお、地蔵盆が新暦の7月24日前後もしくは8月24日前後に分かれるのは、お盆を新暦に改めて勤めるのか、それとも旧暦風に8月に行うのかの差異であり、この差異についてはお盆の項を参考にされたい。
By the way, the reason why Jizo-bon separate into before or after July 24 or August 24 in the solar calendar, is because there is a difference between when Obon is held, either changed to the new calendar, or held in August of the old calendar - please refer to next chapter for details of differences in when Obon is held.

ただ千葉道場で塾頭を勤めたことや同世代の人物の証言に「免許皆伝を伝授された」という証言も残るため、免許皆伝状は単に現存していないものと思われる（龍馬の遺品は災害や盗難等で幾つか損失している）。
But considering the fact that Ryoma once became president of the disciples of the Chiba dojo and that his contemporaries testified to the fact that Ryoma was conferred the full mastership, the certificate of the full mastership actually conferred upon him is thought to be no longer exist (some of the personal mementos left by Ryoma have been lost by disaster or theft).

明治8年（1875年）、同郡桂村宮下山西方寺の12代目住職、明治18年(1885年)、東山梨郡春日居村（旧春日居町、現笛吹市）甲陽山地蔵院の23代目住職を勤め、明治36年（1903年）、死去。
In 1875, he served as the twelfth chief priest of Miyashitayama Saiho-ji Temple in Katsura Village, Tsuru County, in 1885, he served as the twenty-third chief priest of Koyozan Jizoin Temple in Kasugai Village (in the past, it was Kasugai-cho, at the present, it is Fuefuki City), Higashi Yamanashi County and then, in 1903, he died.

武蔵氏は藤原仲麻呂の乱（恵美押勝の乱）の功労者武蔵不破麻呂（丈部直不破麻呂、延暦6年4月11日_(旧暦)に従四位下で没）の子孫であり、氷川神社を祀る武蔵国造家として、代々足立郡司を勤めていた。
The Musashi clan is a descendant of MUSASHI no Fuwamaro, who is the person rendering distinguished service in the Rebellion of Emi no Oshikatsu (Previously called HASETSUKABENOATAE no Fuwamara; he was ranked Jushiinoge [Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade] when he died in May 7, 787), and he was Adachi gunji, as the creator of Musashi Province worshipping Hikawa-jinja Shrine.

即位灌頂が二条家の家業となっていく過程で、足利義満と親密な関係を保ち、南北朝時代 (日本)に四度にわたって摂関を勤め、大きな権力を握った二条良基の力が大きかったことについては諸説一致している。
In the process in which sokuikanjo became a family business for the Nijo family, various opinions agree that the power of Yoshimoto NIJO who had a close connection to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and had great power assuming the position of Sekkan four times during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) played an important role.

あなたが勤めて行ったものと、あなたの若い時からあなたと売り買いした者とは、ついにこのようになる。彼らはめいめい自分の方向にさすらいゆき、ひとりもあなたを救う者はない。 (イザヤ書 47:15)
Thus shall the things be to you in which you have labored: those who have trafficked with you from your youth shall wander everyone to his quarter; there shall be none to save you. (Isaiah 47:15)

江戸時代に入り享保9年(1724年)、時の征夷大将軍、徳川吉宗の命を受けた小笠原流20代小笠原貞政は、小笠原の伝書を研究し新たな流鏑馬制定、古式と共に奥勤めの武士達に流鏑馬、笠懸の稽古をつける。
In the Edo period of 1724, at the direction of the shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, Sadamasa OGASAWARA, the Ogasawara school's 20th principal, developed a new style of yabusame after the studying the Ogasawara textbook, and trained samurai serving backoffice work in the new form of yabusame and kasagake (shooting a bamboo hat) together with the older style of yabusame.

武士のたしなみとされた笠懸の武芸の初見は後冷泉天皇期の天喜5年（1057年）、京都木津河畔の奈良への往還の途次において、藤原氏の警護を勤めた頼俊の家来たちによって行われたという記録が残っている。
The first record of the military art of kasagake (horseback archery competition), which was considered to be essential for warriors, is when it was held by retainers of Yoritoshi who guarded the Fujiwara clan in 1057 in the Emperor Goreizei's era in Kizu-kohan Riverside in Kyoto during the round trip to Nara.

そしてヒゼキヤは主の勤めによく通じているすべてのレビびとを深くねぎらった。こうして人々は酬恩祭の犠牲をささげ、その先祖の神、主に感謝して、七日のあいだ祭の供え物を食べた。 (歴代志2 30:22)
Hezekiah spoke comfortably to all the Levites who had good understanding in the service of Yahweh. So they ate throughout the feast for the seven days, offering sacrifices of peace offerings, and making confession to Yahweh, the God of their fathers. (2 Chronicles 30:22)

日頃楽屋にいる時からその役になりきることを信条としており、『奥州安達原』の盲目の袖萩を勤めた際には、熱演のあまり花道から転げ落ちたが、花道に這い上がる際にもこれを手探りで行って観客を唸らせている。
His personal principle was to get into the character even back stage, and when he played the role of a blind woman, Sodehagi in the drama 'Oshu Adachiga-hara' (story of the blind woman in the Adachiga-hara Plain), he fell from a hanamichi (passage through audience to the stage) and dragged himself back onto the stage by touch and this impressed the audiences very much.

ダビデと軍の長たちはまたアサフ、ヘマンおよびエドトンの子らを勤めのために分かち、琴と、立琴と、シンバルをもって預言する者にした。その勤めをなした人々の数は次のとおりである。 (歴代志1 25:1)
Moreover, David and the captains of the army set apart for the service certain of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with stringed instruments, and with cymbals: and the number of those who did the work according to their service was: (1 Chronicles 25:1)

また、1891年（明治24年）には、経営が傾いた東京日日新聞（現在の毎日新聞）を買収、在官のまま第3代社長を勤め、日清戦争から日露戦争にいたるまでの日本の政治・外交において、政府擁護の論陣を張った。
In 1891, he took over Tokyo Nichinichi Shinbun (present Mainichi Shinbun) which was having management difficulties, and of which he became the third president while still being in politics; and he argued in defense of the government on the Japanese political and diplomatic fronts from the Sino-Japanese War through the Russo-Japanese war.

そのため、二条師忠は兄であり、天台座主を勤めた経験もある道玄の協力を仰ぎ、伏見天皇即位時に即位灌頂という新たなる儀式を始め、二条家が置かれた苦境から脱し、他の五摂家と対抗することをもくろんだという。
Therefore, Morotada NIJO asked his older brother Dogen, who had experience as tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect), for help and introduced sokuikanjo, a new ritual, on the occasion of the enthronement of the Emperor Fushimi intending to escape from difficult situation which the Nijo Family was forced to suffer and to compete with other members of Gosekke (the five families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and kanpaku).

19歳で諸国へ旅に出て宇都宮市興禅寺 (宇都宮市)の物外や播磨国赤穂市三友寺の南是の元などを訪れた後、妙心寺聖沢院の庸山景庸に師事し、愚堂の号を与えられて印可を受けた（後に妙心寺住持を三度勤めた）。
He went on a pilgrimage to various provinces, in which he visited Motsugai of Kozen-ji Temple in Utsunomiya City and Nanze of Sanyu-ji Temple in Ako City, Harima Province, and studied under Keiyo YOZAN of Shotaku-in Temple of Myoshin-ji Temple before being given the go (Buddhist title) of Gudo and inka (certification of spiritual achievement) (on three later occasions he served Myoshin-ji Temple as Juji (head priest)).

江戸時代であれば、この程度の修理は官費で賄えたであっただろうが、明治維新後は廃藩置県によって、長年勤めてきた惣年寄の役職もなく、一市民としては簡単な修理も覚束ないといった窮状に達していたようである。
In the Edo period, the repair of this magnitude could have been paid for at the public expense but, with abolition of clans and establishment of prefectures coming to effect after the Meiji Restoration, the family no longer had a post of so-doshiyori which they had long served and it seems that, being just ordinary townspeople, they were in desperate straits whereby finding it difficult to afford to keep up with simple repairs.

また新帝に譲位の場合、剣璽を近衛次将に送るのも典侍の勤めであったが（これを「送内侍（おくりないし）」といった）、これらの役職は後に掌侍の一﨟である「勾当（こうとう）内侍」がこれに代わるようになった。
When the emperor abdicated the throne in favor of his successor, Naishi no suke handed on Kenji to Konoenojisho as her duty (the duty was called 'Okurinaishi'), which was later took over by an experienced Naishi no jo 'Koto Naishi.'

出家後は延暦寺（比叡山延暦寺）に登り、慈円が検校（けんぎょう）を勤める横川（よかわ）の首楞厳院（しゅりょうごんいん）の常行堂において、天台宗の堂僧として不断念仏（ふだんねんぶつ）の修行をしたとされる。
After he entered the priesthood, he went to Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei and stayed at the training center called Jogyodo in the Shuryogon-in in Yokawa, where his master Jien served as Kengyo. He pursued his study and disciplined himself as a monk of the Tendai sect according to its religious practice of Fudan Nenbutsu.

生活上差し迫ったことがなければ、週のうち一日を普通の日常的勤めをしないというのは、ユダヤ人以外はどの点でも宗教的に束縛されているわけではないのですが、とてもためになる習慣であることは、疑いありません。
Without doubt, abstinence on one day in the week, so far as the exigencies of life permit, from the usual daily occupation, though in no respect religiously binding on any except Jews, is a highly beneficial custom.

12世紀から代々と同荘下司職を勤める大江氏は、13世紀後半に黒田荘への支配権を強化しようと画策し、東大寺と対立してついに悪党と呼ばれるようになり、最終的には東大寺の要請を受けた六波羅探題に鎮圧された。
The Oe clan, who served as geshi (shokan in charge of practical business in the field) in this manor for generations since the 12th century, planned to strengthen their rule over Kuroda no sho during the late 13th century until they were eventually called akuto after conflicting with Todai-ji Temple, and was ultimately suppressed by Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) which received a request from Todai-ji Temple.

明治21年 (1888) に『寺子屋』の武部源蔵を勤めた際には、源蔵の女房戸浪を勤める後輩役者から戸浪のやり方を聞かれ、下記のように理論的に説明している（大阪朝日新聞 1889年10月11日の記事）。
In 1888, when he performed Genzo TAKEBE in the drama 'Terakoya,' he was asked how to play Tonami by his junior who played Genzo's wife Tonami and he asked him, 'Tonami is whose wife and what her husband Genzo's position?

また、町内によっては大日如来が祭られており、それらの町内では大日如来の縁日である旧暦7月28日もしくは、それ前後(地蔵盆同様、お勤めする時期に7月もしくは8月の差異あり。）に、同様の祭り・大日盆を行う。
Sometimes Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) is enshrined in some towns, and in these towns the same festivals or Dainichi-bon are celebrated on either July 28 in the old calendar, which is the festival of Dainichi Nyorai, or on, before or after this date (similar to Jizo-bon, either July or August is recommended).

長保3年（1001年）、かつての同僚で、大宰大弐を勤めていた藤原有国の後を受けて、中納言兼務の大宰権帥として大宰府に赴任する（ただし黒板伸夫の研究によれば、実際に任じられたのは大宰帥であったとされる）。
In 1001, he succeeded the job of his former colleague FUJIWARA no Arikuni, the then Dazai no daini (Senior Assistant Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices), and Korenaka was transferred to Dazai-fu (the local government office in Kyushu region) as Dazai no gon no sochi while holding Chunagon, though in reality Nobuo KUROITA said Korenaka was appointed to Dazai no sochi (Governor-General of the Dazai-fu offices).

直輝がこの北浜銀行の危機に深く関わったのは、破綻が関西経済に容易ならざる悪影響を与えることもあったが、大阪電気軌道の経営破綻と、その先にある友人の大林芳五郎が社長を勤めた大林組の破綻があったからである。
The reason for Naoteru's deep involvement in the crisis was not only out of his concern that such failure would affect the economy of the Kansai region but also a subsequent failure of Osaka Electric Tramway Co., Ltd. and Obayashi Gumi whose president was his friend Yoshigoro OBAYASHI.

元忠は「朝長」、「定家」、「邯鄲」、「老松」、「安宅」、「二人静」、「三井寺」、「山姥」、「松風」、「三輪」、「春日龍神」、「猩猩」、「当麻」、「実盛」、「卒都婆小町」、「桜川」といった曲のシテを勤めた。
Mototada played Shite (a main actor) in songs such as 'Tomonaga' (MINAMOTO no Tomonaga), 'Teika' (FUJIWARA no Teika), 'Kantan' (The Pillow of Kantan, Noh play), 'Oimatsu' (The Old Pine Tree), 'Ataka' (The Ataka Barrier, Noh play), 'Futarishizuka' (a couple of the young ladies named Shizuka), 'Mii-dera Temple,' 'Yamanba' (old mountain witch), 'Matsukaze' (Wind in the Pines), 'Miwa' (deity of Mt. Miwa), 'Kasuga Ryujin' (The Kasuga Dragon God), 'Shojo' (an Imaginary Animal Like an orangutan), 'Taema' (Princess Chujo in Taima-dera Temple; a Noh play), 'Sanemori' (Sanemori SAITO), 'Sotoba Komachi' (Komachi on the Stupa), and 'Sakura-gawa River'.

1900年（明治33年）より、新義真言宗豊山派及び新義真言宗智山派の能化が3年交代により大伝法院座主を勤めたが、智豊交互に勤める風習は、戦国時代、玄誉─日秀─頼玄─玄宥─専誉あたりから見られるものである。
Since 1900, the Noke of the Shingi Shingon sect Buzan school and Shingi Shingon sect Chisan school have acted in turn as the Head Priest of Daidenpo-in Temple with three-year rotations, but this tradition of alternating Buzan and Chisan has also been seen since the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) from Genyo-Nisshu-Raigen-Genyu-Senyo.

躊躇する後白河に、経宗は「当時在京の武士、只義経一人なり。彼の申状に乖かれ若し大事出来の時、誰人敵対すべけんや。然らば申請に任せて沙汰あるべきなり」と進言し、頼朝の追討宣旨の上卿を勤めた（『玉葉』同日条）。
Although Goshirakawa hesitated, Tsunemune proposed senji saying 'At present, Yoshitsune is the only one military commander in Kyoto. If you oppose his proposal and he rebels, who can fight back? Therefore, you should issue senji as requested.' and chaired the ceremony for the senji to subjugate Yoritomo (Article for the same day in 'Gyokuyo').

忠裕は、寺社奉行、若年寄、大坂城代、京都所司代と、およそ幕閣の登竜門とされるポストを残らず勤め、文化 (元号)元年（1804年）老中に起用され30年以上勤めるなど、文化文政期の幕閣の中心人物として活躍した。
Tadahiro took an active role as a key person of the cabinet officials of the Shogunate in Bunka-Bunsei period; he was engaged in all the posts which were deemed as a gateway to the cabinet officials of the Shogunate such as jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in Edo bakufu), Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle), Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), and served as roju (member of shogun's council of elders) for 30 years after he was employed in 1804.

天養2年（1145年）2月、家成は義弟・源雅通と娘婿・藤原公親を前駆として比叡山に登ったが、頼長は名家出身の雅通・公親が諸大夫出身の家成の前駆を勤めたことを、「永く英雄の名を失う」と非難している（『台記』）。
When Ienari climbed Mt. Hiei in 1145 with his brother- in- law MINAMOTO no Masamichi and his son- in- law FUJIWARA no Kimichika leading him, Yorinaga condemned Masamichi and Kimichika, who came of prestigious families, for leading Ienari, who came of Shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo), by saying 'They will lose the name of hero for long' ('Taiki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Yorinaga)).

諸兄は既に天平3年から参議に就いて議政官（公卿）を勤めていたが、天平9年には大納言へのぼると、翌10年には右大臣へ、同15年には左大臣へ昇進し、聖武天皇・孝謙天皇両天皇の治世期に太政官首班として政治に当たった。
Moroe, who had already began serving as Giseikan (Legislature) (Kugyo) in the position of Sangi (councilor) in 731, ascended to Dainagon (major councilor) in 737, and Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 738, and in 743 he finally reached Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and dedicated himself to national politics as the head of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) during the eras of the Emperor Shomu and the Emperor Koken.

「團菊左」と舞台を共に勤めたり、河竹黙阿弥作の『夜討曾我狩場曙』（夜討曾我）『天衣粉上野初花』（河内山）などに出るなどして、東京での人気も上がったが、市川團十郎 (9代目)とはそりが合わず問題児ぶりを披露した。
He performed with 'Dangikusa' (taking one letter from each popular performer) and performed in the dramas such as 'Youchisoba Karibanoakebono' (Youchisoga) written by Mokuami KAWATAKE, 'Kumonimagou uenonohatsuhana' (Kouchiyama) so he gained popularity in Tokyo but he couldn't get along with Danjuro ICHIKAWA Ⅸ and let everybody know that he was a trouble maker.

王制を維持している国（イギリス、オランダ、ベルギー、デンマーク、スペイン、スカンディナヴィア3国等）では若干の特権が残っているが、ほとんどは形式的なものである（会社員や公務員勤めをしている侯爵家当主さえいる）。
In the nations where a monarchy is still maintained (such as England, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the three Scandinavian nations), a few privileges of Kizoku still remain, but almost all of them are only nominal (some marquis family heads work as company employees or government officers).

同年7月、新貨幣発行に関し、大蔵大輔・大隈重信の邸宅にて大隈・中井弘・町田久成等と協議（後に大隈は新貨幣の図案を彫金の加納夏雄と弟子の益田友雄他2名に、文字を大蔵省に勤めている書家の石井単香に委託することを決定）。
In August 1869, Kagenori discussed with Shigenobu OKUMA who was Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury), Hiroshi NAKAI, Hisanari MACHIDA, etc. concerning new currency issuance at the residence of Okuma (Later Okuma decided to consign the new mint's design to Natsuo KANO in metal carving, Tomoo MASUDA and two other people who were all Kano's apprentices, and the calligraphic characters to Tanko ISHII, a calligrapher who worked for the Ministry of Treasury.)

一般的に童児が勤めること、ウマなどで移動することが多く、中には地面に足をつけることを禁忌としている事例があること、ヤマドリの尾羽や紙垂をつけた笠を被り、化粧をしていることなどがヒトツモノの特徴として挙げられている。
Hitotsumono is generally characterized by a child performing a role, riding a horse (in some rituals, setting his foot on the ground was taboo), wearing a hat decorated with tail feathers of a mountain bird or paper strips, and being made up.

和泉流は、江戸極初期に京都の手猿楽師（てさるがくし。素人出身の職業狂言師）として禁裏御用を勤めつつ、尾張藩主徳川義直に召し抱えられていた7世山脇和泉守元宜が、同輩の三宅藤九郎家、野村又三郎家を傘下に収めて創流した。
While dominating his colleagues, the Tokuro MIYAKE family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family, Yamawaki Izumi no Kami Motoyoshi, the seventh established the Izumi school soon after the Edo period came, and was an official Tesarugaku-shi (a professional Sarugaku performer who was originally an outsider) in the Imperial Palace living in Kyoto, as well as a retainer of the Lord of Owari Domain Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.

慶安4年4月20日（1651年6月8日）に家光が死去した後は、他の側室達とは違い落飾せず、「お梅の局」と名を変え、大上臈として再び大奥勤めを始めたといわれているが、実際の彼女のそれ以後の経歴はほとんど伝わっていない。
Although it is told that, after Iemitsu died on June 8, 1651, different from other concubines, she did no tonsure and changed her name to 'Oume no tsubone' and worked again as Ojoro, little is known about her actual career after that.

五龍祭や四角祭を勤め（日本紀略）、藤原道に取り憑いた具平親王の悪霊を賀茂光栄と共に祈祷して取り除いたり（宝物集）、親仁親王出産の際に死去した皇妃嬉子の入棺・葬儀に関する方法を藤原頼道に勧申したり（栄花物語）している。
Mitsuyoshi presided over Goryusai and Shikakusai (Nihongiryaku), removed Imperial Prince Tomohira's evil spirit that possessed FUJIWARA no Yorimichi by saying prayers with KAMO no Mitsuyoshi (Hobutsushu) and, advised FUJIWARA no Yorimichi as to the manners of coffining and how the funeral of Princess Kishi (or Yoshiko) should be carried out who had died giving birth to Imperial Prince Chikahito (Eiga monogatari).

河東節を専業で行う者は今も昔も非常に少ないため、『助六』が上演されるときは、かつては蔵前の旦那衆が、そして今日では「十寸見会｣（ますみかい）という愛好会に所属する素人の語り手たちが、交代でこれを勤めることになっている。
As few professional performers have specialized in Katobushi through the history of kabuki, it has been performed in alternative basis for the stage of 'Sukeroku' by merchant ship-owners in the past and amateur narrators belonging to the narrator group called 'Masumikai' at present.

フェノロサの通訳を勤めており助手であった岡倉覚三（のちの天心）らはこれに大きく力づけられ、1889年に東京美術学校（後の東京藝術大学）を開くと、西洋画の教育を排し、絵画としては橋本雅邦らを教師として日本画科をのみ設けた。
Kakusan (later called Tenshin) OKAKURA, who worked as a interpreter and assistant for Fenollosa, was much encouraged by this experience and established The Tokyo Art School (later Tokyo Art University) in 1889 which did not teach western painting but had only a Nihon-ga faculty with teachers including Gaho HASHIMOTO.

いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟（朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身）への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.

「あそこもお父さんがお亡くなりてから、あたし達が思うほど暮（くら）し向（むき）が豊かになうてお困りじゃけれ、お母さんが校長さんにお頼みて、もう四年も勤めているものじゃけれ、どうぞ毎月頂くものを、今少しふやしておくれんかてて、
'Since the father of Koga-san died, they have not been quite well off as we might have supposed, and the mother asked the principal if his salary could not be raised a little as Koga-san has been in service for four years.

大和出身の大和四座（観世・金春・金剛流・宝生）は興福寺の神事に参勤することを義務付けられていたが、元忠は理由をつけて欠勤、あるいは越智観世大夫、十二大夫などに代理を勤めさせることが多く、あまりまともに顔を出さなかったらしい。
Yamato-yoza (four sarugaku performance groups) (Kanze, Konparu, Kongo, and Hosho) from the Yamato Province were obliged to appear in rituals at Kofuku-ji Temple, but it is said that Mototada often found reasons not to appear or had Ochi-Kanze Tayu (the head of Ochi-Kanze school) or Juni Tayu (head of Juni school) deputize for him and this did not turn out properly.

式三番に要する役者は、翁役の大夫（シテ方）、千歳役（上掛りではシテ方、下掛りでは狂言方）、三番叟役（狂言方）、面箱持役（上掛りに限って出る。狂言方。三番叟の段で問答の相手役を勤める）、笛方、小鼓方3名、大鼓方の計8ないし9名。
Shiki Sanban requires the total of eight or nine actors who play the role of Okina (Shite-kata, which means the protagonist) which is performed by Tayu (the head of each school of Noh), the role of Senzai (Shite-kata in Kamigakari composed of the Kanze and Hosho schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Kyoto and Kyogen-kata, or Kyogen-shi, in Shimogakari comprising the Konparu, Kongo, and Kita schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Nara), the role of Sanbaso (Kyogen-kata), the role of Menbako-mochi (who makes an appearance as Kyogen-kata only in Kamigakari to play opposite in the dialogue of the Sanbaso section), Fue-kata (a flute player), three Kotsuzumi-kata (small hand-drum players), and Otsuzumi-kata (a large hand-drum player).

あなたとあなたの子たちは共に祭司職を守って、祭壇と、垂幕のうちのすべての事を執り行い、共に勤めなければならない。わたしは祭司の職務を賜物として、あなたがたに与える。ほかの人で近づく者は殺されるであろう」。 (民数記 18:7)
You and your sons with you shall keep your priesthood for everything of the altar, and for that within the veil; and you shall serve: I give you the priesthood as a service of gift: and the stranger who comes near shall be put to death.' (Numbers 18:7)

Key作品のアニメ化にあたっては、Keyファンであり『AIR (ゲーム)』アニメ化の話を持ち込んだアニメーション脚本家の志茂文彦が脚本を勤め、同じくKeyファンで京アニの主監督を勤める石原立也がタッグを組んで制作を行っている。
When a Key game is adapted into an animation, Fumihiko SHIMO, a fan of Key and the animation scriptwriter who proposed making an animated adaptation of 'AIR,' writes the script, and Tatsuya ISHIHARA, who is also a fan of Key and the main director at Kyo-ani, teams up with Shimo and takes charge of production.

このように恵みを受けたのは、わたしが異邦人のためにキリスト・イエスに仕える者となり、神の福音のために祭司の役を勤め、こうして異邦人を、聖霊によってきよめられた、御旨にかなうささげ物とするためである。 (ローマ人への手紙 15:16)
that I should be a servant of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles, serving as a priest the Good News of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be made acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. (Romans 15:16)

この桜並木の誕生は、海津村による植樹に先立つこと5年前、当時滋賀県高島地方事務所に道路補修をする修路作業員として勤めていた宗戸清七（当時37歳・百瀬村（現高島市マキノ町）在住）が作業の合間に自費で購入した若木を植えたことに端を発する。
The birth of this sakura-namiki (row of cherry trees) was begun five years before the planting by Kaizu-mura by Seishichi MUNETO (37 years old at that time; living in Momose-mura [present Makino-cho, Takashima City]) who was working for Takashima regional office of Shiga Prefecture at that time as a worker for repairing roads and planted young trees, which he bought at his cost, during intervals of his work.

明治前期には陸軍卿として谷干城・曾我祐準・鳥尾小弥太・三浦梧楼の所謂「四将軍派」との内紛（陸軍紛議）に勝利して陸軍の分裂を阻止し、以後明治中期から大正期にかけて陸軍大臣を長期にわたって勤め、また、参謀総長、内務大臣 (日本)なども歴任。
In the early Meiji period, he won the internal conflict (the army controversy) with the so-called 'four-generals party' of Tateki TANI, Sukenori SOGA, Koyata TORIO, and Goro MIURA, as the Lord of Army to prevent the army from splitting, and after that he served as the Minister of Army for a long time from the middle of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, and also held various posts such as the Chief of the General Staff and prewar Home Minister (Japan).

明治6年（1873年）の改暦後は、お盆時期が7月と8月に分かれたが、七夕もグレゴリオ暦（新暦）の7月7日（行事によっては7月6日の夜）に勤める地域と、旧暦風（月遅れ）お盆の8月7日（東日本・北海道と仙台に多い）に行われるものとに分かれた。
Because the time of Bon festival split, depending on the regions, into July and August after the solar calendar was adopted in 1873, tanabata is currently celebrated either on July 7 of Gregorian calendar (new calendar) (the night of July 6 depending on events) or on August 7 as a part of Bon festival based on the old calendar (a month later) (mainly, eastern Japan, Hokkaido and Sendai).

出家し法皇となった後には、奈良時代初期に徳道が観音霊場三十三ヶ所の宝印を石棺に納めたという伝承があった摂津国の中山寺（兵庫県宝塚市）でこの宝印を探し出し、紀伊国熊野から宝印の三十三の観音霊場を巡礼し修行に勤め大きな法力を身につけたという。
After the Emperor became a cloistered emperor in the pious life, he found this hoin (a seal used in Temples) in Nakayama-dera Temple of Settsu Province (Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture), where it is said that Tokudo left a hoin (a seal used in temples) inside the stone coffin of the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) during the early Nara period, the Emperor worked hard and gained the power of the Buddhist dharma (Law) by visiting the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) from Kumano, Kii Province.

祭司たちが、聖所にはいった時は、そこから外庭に出てはならない。彼らは勤めを行う衣服を、その所に置かなければならない。これは聖だからである。彼らは民衆に属する場所に近づく前に、他の衣服を着けなければならない」。 (エゼキエル書 42:14)
When the priests enter in, then shall they not go out of the holy place into the outer court, but there they shall lay their garments in which they minister; for they are holy: and they shall put on other garments, and shall approach to that which pertains to the people. (Ezekiel 42:14)

見よ、神の宮のすべての務のためには祭司とレビびとの組がある。またもろもろの勤めのためにすべての仕事を喜んでする巧みな者が皆あなたと共にある。またつかさたちおよびすべての民もあなたの命じるところをことごとく行うでしょう」。 (歴代志1 28:21)
Behold, there are the divisions of the priests and the Levites, for all the service of God's house. There shall be with you in all kinds of work every willing man who has skill, for any kind of service. Also the captains and all the people will be entirely at your command.' (1 Chronicles 28:21)

それをなし終ったとき、余った金を王とエホヤダの前に持って来たので、それをもって主の宮のために器物を造った。すなわち勤めの器、燔祭の器、香の皿、および金銀の器を造った。エホヤダの世にある日の間は、絶えず主の宮で燔祭をささげた。 (歴代志2 24:14)
When they had made an end, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, of which were made vessels for the house of Yahweh, even vessels with which to minister and to offer, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. They offered burnt offerings in the house of Yahweh continually all the days of Jehoiada. (2 Chronicles 24:14)

しかしそのような状況の中も教団内では、天和2（1682）年頃岡山を中心とした地域において、外見上他宗他派を装う内信者と純粋な不受不施信者を同一に並べてよいか、法立が内信者のために法中の代わりに観経の導師を勤めてよいかということについて、論争が起こった。
In 1682, however, disputes arose inside the religious order in the Okayama region concerning whether naishin, who ostensibly pretended to be believers of other sects or schools, could be treated equally with pure believers of fujufuse as well as whether horyu could officiate, instead of hocchu, as doshi (Lead Chanter) in Kangyo sutra (The Sutra of Visualization of the Buddha of Measureless Life) for the sake of naishin.

だが、あくまでも崇徳を忌避する鳥羽、不仲である崇徳の院政によって自身が掣肘されることを危惧する美福門院、そして自身が乳母夫を勤める雅仁親王の即位による台頭をめざした信西らの合意によって、次代の守仁の即位を前提として、その父王雅仁が中継ぎとして即位することとなった。
However, because Sutoku was disfavored by Toba and Bifuku mon in was concerned about her position after Sutoku started his cloister government, and Shinzei wanted Imperial Prince Masahito to succeed to the throne since he was the educator and had the intention of entering the political arena, they all agreed that Prince Morihito should succeed to the throne, while Morihito's father, Prince Masahito, was put in the position until Morihito's official enthronement could take place.

すなわちイスラエルの人々およびレビの子孫は穀物、ぶどう酒、および油の供え物を携えて行って、聖所の器物および勤めをする祭司、門衛、歌うたう者たちのいるへやにこれを納めなければならない。こうしてわれわれは、われわれの神の宮をなおざりにしない。 (ネヘミヤ書 10:39)
For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the wave offering of the grain, of the new wine, and of the oil, to the rooms, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests who minister, and the porters, and the singers. We will not forsake the house of our God. (Nehemiah 10:39)

「『助六』を『助六所縁江戸櫻』という外題で上演するのは成田屋だけ」というのはよく知られた歌舞伎のトリビアだが、これをもうすこし厳密にいうと「『助六』を『助六所縁江戸櫻』という外題で上演するのは、市川團十郎または市川海老蔵が助六を勤める興行においてのみ」ということになる。
It is a well-known Kabuki trivia that only the Naritaya family performed 'Sukeroku' by the title 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura,' but it can be more strictly said that 'Sukeroku' is performed by the title 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura' only when Ebizo ICHIKAWA or Danjuro ICHIKAWA impersonates Sukeroku.

朝廷内部では長州勢の駆逐を求める強硬派と宥和派が対立し、禁裏御守衛総督を勤める一橋慶喜（徳川慶喜）は退兵を呼びかけるが、京都蛤御門（京都市上京区）付近で長州藩兵が、会津・桑名藩・薩摩各藩の諸隊と衝突、尊皇攘夷を唱える長州勢は壊滅、来島又兵衛、久坂玄瑞、寺島忠三郎らは戦死した。
Within the Imperial Court, there was a struggle between hard-liners that wanted to destroy Choshu's military force and others who wished to appease them, while Keiki HITOTSUBASHI (later known as Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA), who served as Viceroy and Protector of the Imperial Palace, called on the soldiers to withdraw, but the Choshu soldiers clashed with various groups of samurai warriors from Aizu, Kuwana, and Satsuma clans near Kyoto's Hamaguri Gate (in the Kamigyo ward of modern-day Kyoto); but the forces of Choshu, chanting their Revere the Emperor slogan, were annihilated, and Matabe KIJIMA, Gensui KUSAKA, and Chusaburo TERAJIMA were among those who died in battle.

以後、1904年、日露戦争献金能で「石橋 (能)」連獅子、1906年、宝生九郎引退能で「安宅」延年之舞、1910年、明治天皇天覧能、1915年、大正天皇即位式能などの舞台を勤める一方で、池内肝煎の能楽会において囃子方育成事業に積極的にかかわり、吉見嘉樹、亀井俊雄らの高弟を育てた。
While he performed Renjishi (a string of lions) called 'Shakkyo' (Stone Bridge, Noh Play) for contributing money at Japanese-Russo War in 1904, Einen no mai (dance of longevity) called 'Ataka' (the Ataka Barrier, Noh play) at retirement Noh by Kuro HOSHO in 1906, Noh play (performed) with the Emperor Meiji in attendance in 1910 and Noh play for enthronement ceremony of the Emperor Taisho in 1905, he was actively engaged in the Hayashikata (people who play hayashi, or the musical accompaniment) educating activity at the Nohgakukai of Kimoiri IKEUCHI, and nurtured his best pupils, such as Yoshiki YOSHIMI and Toshio KAMEI.

また、この屋敷替えに合わせるように、8月21日、大目付の庄田安利（浅野長矩は罪人であるとして庭先で切腹させた人物）・高家肝煎の大友義孝（吉良義央腹心の部下）・書院番士の東条冬重（義央の実弟）など、義央に近いと見られた人物が「勤めがよくない」として罷免されて小普請編入となっている。
Also, on September 23, around the time of his move, those who seemed to be close friends of Yoshihisa, such as Yasutoshi SHODA, a Ometsuke, (the man who said that Naganori ASANO was a criminal and made him commit hara-kiri in the garden), and Fuyushige TOJO (Yoshihisa's younger blood brother), shoinhanshi (the shogun's bodyguard or the castle guard), were relieved of their posts because 'they were not doing well' and they were made kobushin (samurai without official appointments who received small salaries).

ソロモンは、その父ダビデのおきてに従って、祭司の組を定めてその職に任じ、またレビびとをその勤めに任じて、毎日定めのように祭司の前でさんびと奉仕をさせ、また門を守る者に、その組にしたがって、もろもろの門を守らせた。これは神の人ダビデがこのように命じたからである。 (歴代志2 8:14)
He appointed, according to the ordinance of David his father, the divisions of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their offices, to praise, and to minister before the priests, as the duty of every day required; the doorkeepers also by their divisions at every gate: for so had David the man of God commanded. (2 Chronicles 8:14)

例によって多門の自称なので疑わしく見えてくるが、庄田は翌年高家大友義孝（吉良義央の同僚で友人）や東条冬重（吉良義央実弟）など吉良派の旗本たちと一緒に呼び出され、「勤めがよくない」として解任されてしまっていることから、どうやら庄田が吉良寄りと思われるような態度をとったことは間違いないようだ。
It seems also doubtful since it was written by Okado himself, but there seems little doubt that Shoda acted in favor of Kira because he was summoned along with hatamoto of Kira party such as koke Yoshitaka OTOMO (a comrade and friend of Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (a real younger brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and was removed as 'not working properly' the following year.

解官の理由は、保盛については五節の節会で舞姫参入・御覧の儀式の勤めを、後白河の指示に従わず毎度怠ったこと、頼盛については、3月26日の滋子の代始めの入内に奉仕しなかったこと、休暇願いを出さずに無断で厳島神社に参詣したこと、鎮西を知行していたにも関わらず大嘗会関係の課役を勤めなかったことだった。
They were dismissed from office because Yasumori had failed each time to carry out Goshirakawa's instructions in performing his duties in relation to the maihimesannyu (entrance of the dancers) and goran (watching the dance) ceremonies that were part of the gosetsu no sechie, and that Yorimori failed to be in attendance at Shigeko's first entry at Court as an Imperial Consort (daihajime) on May 12, without having submitted an application for leave, even though he had visited Itsukushima-jinja Shrine on a pilgrimage, and also because he had failed to perform allocated works related to the Daijoe, though he was obliged to do so in his capacity as Controller of Chinzei (Kyushu).

また旗本伊勢貞丈が書いた「四十六士論評」（伊勢は弟の浅野長広（一説に浅野長純）から聞き取った話としている）によると「内匠頭は性格が甚だ急な人であり、吉良に賄賂を贈るべしと家臣にすすめられたときには、内匠頭は『武士たる者、追従をもって賄賂を贈り、人の陰を持って公用を勤めることはできない』と述べたという。」
And Sadatake ISE wrote in '46 feudal retainers' Ronpyo (comment)' (Ise said he had the story from Naganori's brother Nagahiro ASANO [or Nagazumi ASANO, depending on the theory]) that Takumi-no-kami tended to go such extremes that he answered to say, 'I can't offer bribes with flattery and do public work having negative side' when his vassal suggested he should give a bribe to Kira,

また生活様式も大きく変わり服装も女性は着物に日本髪といったものから洋服を着、断髪し帽子をかぶるといったことが一部の勤め人の女性では一般に浸透しつつあったし、それにともない女性の社会進出も進み、「バスガール」と呼ばれたバスの女性車掌やウェイトレス（当時は女給とよばれた）など職業婦人が出現するようになった。
Significant changes occurred in the lifestyle of people as well; acts such as wearing Western clothing instead of kimonos, cutting hair short and having hats on became common to some working women, and new types of jobs for female workers emerged along with the increasing social participation by women, including a female bus conductor named a 'bus girl' in those days and a waitress (called a 'jokyu' then).

お松が強請に言う「今こそこうした女房なれ、元はわたしも祇園町、拾壱匁六分の、花を咲かせて宮川町、縄手をふんで道場か、高台寺前下り坂、八坂と落ちて欠け上り、二条新地や御りょう裏、おはもじながら虱の辻、泣かぬ勤めの蛍茶や、あらゆる場所を欠けめぐり・・・」の科白は七五調の小気味よい調子で京の花街を巧みに織り込んでいる。
The threatening lines of Omatsu, 'I am like this now, but once I was in Gion-machi, earning twelve monme six fun (monme and fun are units of silver currency; fun is one-tenth of monme), being successful in Miyagawa-cho, went through rice fields to Dojo, then to a downhill in front of Kodai-ji Temple, down to Yasaka, up to Nijo-shinchi and behind Goryo Shrine, to the embarrassing lousy streets, and didn't cry working at a night tea house, going around everywhere...' artfully illustrates the red-light districts of Kyoto with the lilting rhythm of seven-and-five syllable meter.

江戸幕府によるキリスト教禁令のため、表だってクリスマスを祝うことができなかったオランダ人が、代わりとして冬至に合わせて「オランダ冬至」として開催し、また日本の正月の祝いをまねて太陽暦による正月元日に、出島勤めの幕府役人や出島乙名、オランダ語通詞たち日本人を招いて西洋料理を振る舞い、オランダ式の祝宴を催したのが始まりである。
The Dutch who were not allowed to celebrate Christmas, due to the ban on Christianity by the Edo Shogunate, had started the celebration as 'Dutch winter solstice' on the day of winter solstice and they invited Japanese people such as officers of the feudal government in Dejima, leaders of the island and interpreters of the language and treated them with western style food on the new Solar year's day in the similar manner as the Japanese New Year celebration.

11歳で地歌「屋島」に箏の手を付けるなど幼少より楽才秀で、1852年（嘉永5年）には藩の命で尾張の盲人支配頭となり、五人扶持を賜り、尾張徳川家の諸行事での演奏、例えば先祖供養の際の平曲演奏や、雛の節句での胡弓の演奏などを勤めたのをはじめ、松坂屋（現松坂屋百貨店）の当主の婚礼祝いの曲を作ったりと、名古屋の名士音楽家として活躍した。
Yoshizawa excelled in music from an early age, adding a koto part to the jiuta 'Yashima' at the age of eleven; in 1852, he was given responsibility for visually impaired people in Owari (present-day Aichi Prefecture) by the domain, with a stipend for five persons, and became a celebrated musician in Nagoya, performing at various occasions for the Owari Tokugawa family, including playing Heikyoku at memorial services for their ancestors, playing the kokyu at the Dolls' Festival, and composing a song for the marriage ceremony of the head of the family that owned Matsuzakaya (present-day Matsuzakaya Department Stores).

幼少のころ、実父とともに実姉2人（そのうちの一人が岩崎八重千代（いわさきやえちよ））が、芸妓として勤めている祇園の屋形（置屋）を訪れ、主人の岩崎今（いわさきいま）に見初められ、跡取りとして今の養女であった地方芸妓、岩崎富美千代（いわさきふみちよ）の養女となる（そのとき、名を峰子と改めるが、これは養母の本名が政子であったからだといわれる）。
When she was young, her father took her to visit her two older sisters (one of the sister was Yaechiyo IWASAKI) at an okiya (dwelling of geisha) in Gion, where the owner, Ima IWASAKI, took a liking for her and she had her adopted by her adopted daughter, a local geisha named Fumichiyo IWASAKI (at the time of adoption, she changed her name to Mineko, because her adopted mother's real name was Masako.)

尾上菊五郎 (5代目)のほうがよっぽど上手い」と面罵し、仲裁に入った左團次とももめたり、團十郎の活歴志向が気に入らず、彼が勤める曾我五郎が烏帽子に鎧脛当てという時代考証にのっとった写実的な装いだったのに対して、宗十郎の曾我十郎はあえて従前同様の小袖姿で登場し、そのちぐはぐなとりあわせは「火事見舞いに水見舞い」「兄は川へ洗濯に、弟は山へ芝刈りに」と嘲笑されるほどだった。
He condemned them and said that Kikugoro's performance was much better' and fought with Sadanji who intervened and Sojuro didn't like Danjuro's Katsureki-orientation, Danjuro re-creating authentically wearing a graphic outfit such as eboshi (formal headwear for court nobles) and Shinosuneate when he played Goro and on the other hand, when Sojuro played Juro, he appeared wearing kosode (short-sleeved kimono) as if he didn't wear costumes and this odd combination was even laughed at as if 'one was calling on someone to express one's sympathy after a fire and the other called on someone to express one's sympathy after water damage.', 'The older brother went to river to wash his clothes and the younger brother went to the mountain to mow grass.'

まず元禄14年8月19日 (旧暦)（1701年9月21日）に吉良家の屋敷が江戸城のお膝元呉服橋から当時江戸の外れといわれていた本所（現東京都墨田区両国 (墨田区)）の松平信望の上ゲ屋敷に屋敷代えとなり、さらにその直後の8月21日 (旧暦)（8月23日）には、庄田下総守（浅野を庭先で切腹させた大目付）、大友義孝（吉良義央と親しくしていた高家仲間）、東条冬重（吉良義央の実弟）の三名を同時に呼び出して「勤めがよくない」などと咎めて役職を取り上げた。
Kira was forced to change his residence located in Gofuku-bashi near Edo-jo Castle to the residence of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA located in Honjo, the edge of Edo (current location of Ryogoku, Sumida Ward, Tokyo) on September 21, 1701, and on August 23, the bakufu then called the governor of Shimousa, Shoda (ometsuke who was in charge of Asano's seppuku in the yard), Yoshitaka OTOMO (a Koke member who was close with Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (who was a biological brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and took their positions away by saying 'your services were not good enough.'