勤: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 勤
- Isoshi
- Tsutomu
- Tsutome
- diligence
- become employed
- serve
- 勤む
- to put forth great effort
- exertion
- endeavor
- to serve
- to fill a post
- to serve under
- to exert oneself
- 勤之
- Isoshi
- Isoyuki
- Noriyuki
- 勤怠
- diligence and indolence
- attendance
- attendance and absence
- 勤惰
- diligence and indolence
- attendance
- 勤番
- taking turns on duty (esp. daimyo's retainers on duty in Edo)
- 勤勉
- diligent
- industrious
- assiduity
- diligence
- hard work
- industry
- laborious
- 勤労
- labor
- labour
- exertion
- diligent service
- industry
- 勤行
- religious service (usu. Buddhist)
- Gongyo
- Buddhist liturgy
- 勤め
- service
- duty
- business
- responsibility
- task
- Buddhist religious services
- 外勤
- working away from the office
- 勤倹
- industry
- diligence
- frugality
- 勤求
- inquiring the Buddha way
- 勤学
- studying while working
- 勤子
- Isoko
- Kinko
- Sakiko
- Tsukako
- Toshiko
- 転勤
- job transfer
- job relocation
- intra-company transfer
- 出勤
- attendance (at work)
- being at work
- presence (in the office)
- going to work
- turnout
- 在勤
- working in or at or for
- 精勤
- diligence
- good attendance
- 通勤
- commuting to work
- trip
- 退勤
- leaving work
- clocking out
- 忠勤
- loyalty
- loyal (faithful) service
- お勤め
- one's business
- reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha
- bargain
- discount
- money paid to a prostitute or geisha
- 勤勉な
- assiduous
- diligent
- hard-working
- hardworking
- industrious
- of industry
- painstaking
- sedulous
- 勤勉に
- diligently
- with diligence
- 武部勤
- Takebe Tsutomu (h) (1941.5.1-)
- Tsutomu Takebe
- 志太勤
- Shida Tsutomu (h) (1934.10.14-)
- 勤務先
- place of employment
- Work
- Work Phone
- 勤務医
- doctor working in a hospital
- physician working in public practice
- 勤勉家
- diligent worker
- hard worker
- 勤務地
- duty station
- place of business
- work location
- 勤務中
- on duty
- at work
- while working
- 欠勤届
- report of an absence (at work)
- 勤める
- to work (for)
- to be employed (at)
- to serve (in)
- to serve (as)
- to act (as)
- to fill (the position of)
- to play the role (of)
- to conduct a religious service
- 勤め口
- position
- place of employment
- engagement
- post
- work
- 勤まる
- to be fit for
- to be equal to
- to function properly
- 皆勤賞
- reward or prize for perfect attendance
- 勤しむ
- to endeavor
- to endeavour
- to work hard (at)
- 勤め人
- office worker
- salaried man
- white-collar worker
- 勤め先
- place of work
- place of employment
- 御勤め
- one's business
- reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha
- bargain
- discount
- money paid to a prostitute or geisha
- 伊東勤
- Itou Tsutomu (h) (1962.8.29-)
- Tsutomu Ito
- 無欠勤
- without missing (a day of) work
- 関根勤
- Sekine Tsutomu (h) (1953.8.21-)
- 宮崎勤
- Miyazaki Tsutomu
- Tsutomu Miyazaki
- 出退勤
- going to work and leaving work
- clocking in and clocking out
- 出勤簿
- employee's attendance record
- attendance book
- time book
- 精勤賞
- prize for diligence or good attendance
- 通勤途中
- They drink it on their way to work.
- 欠勤戦術
- (tactical) absenteeism
- 勤務中に
- in the line of duty
- on company time
- while on duty
- 勤務条件
- working terms and conditions
- Working Conditions
- 志太勤一
- Shida Kin'ichi (h) (1957.9.5-)
- 勤務時間
- office (business, working) hours
- working hours
- business hours
- 勤務実績
- service record
- work record
- 勤務場所
- workplace
- place of work
- 勤務成績
- work performance
- performance record
- service record
- 勤労奉仕
- labor service
- labour service
- Public volunteer work
- 欠勤届け
- report of an absence (at work)
- 勤労動員
- mobilization of labor services (e.g. in wartime)
- 勤労所得
- earned income
- professional income
- 勤務評定
- performance evaluation
- performance review
- efficiency rating
- Reporting
- 勤労階級
- salaried class
- working class
- 勤め帰り
- on the way home from work
- 勤め向き
- one's business
- one's duties
- 会社勤め
- serving in a company
- 休日出勤
- working on a day off
- 勤皇攘夷
- loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners
- 勤倹の風
- custom (habit) of diligence and thrift
- 勤倹力行
- work hard and practice frugality
- 勤め盛り
- the prime of one's career
- 勤王攘夷
- loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners
- 無断欠勤
- absence from work without permission
- unreported leave (or day off)
- A.W.O.L.
- absenteeism
- 同伴出勤
- coming to work accompanied by a customer
- 日中勤務
- daytime work
- day shift
- 通勤列車
- commuter train
- Commuter rail
- 通勤定期
- commutation ticket
- season ticket
- commuter pass
- 御勤め品
- article offered at a bargain price
- real bargain
- 出勤時間
- time for reporting to work
- time one leaves home to go to work
- working hours
- number of hours worked
- 時差出勤
- staggered work hours
- 重役出勤
- arriving at work late as if one were an executive
- management attendance at work
- 参勤交代
- daimyo's alternating Edo residence
- Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo)
- Sankin-kōtai
- 参勤交替
- official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo era)
- 在宅勤務
- working at home
- telecommuting
- 通勤地獄
- commuters' hell
- commuting hell
- commuter's hell
- 通勤の足
- facilities for commutation
- 通勤手当
- travel allowance
- commuting allowance
- 超過勤務
- overtime (work)
- works overtime
- 精励恪勤
- assiduousness
- attending diligently to one's study or duties
- 相勤める
- to work (for)
- to be employed (at)
- to serve (in)
- 勤勉の典型
- epitome of diligence
- 波多野勤子
- Hatano Isoko (h) (1905.12.26-1978.9.15)
- 勤まらない
- unfit for
- unequal to
- 勤め上げる
- to serve out one's apprenticeship
- to serve out one's time
- 役を勤める
- to act (as)
- to hold an office
- to play the part (of)
- 非常勤講師
- part-time lecturer
- contract teacher
- 海外勤務職員
- foreign service officer
- 勤労学生控除
- deduction for a working student
- 特殊勤務手当
- special work allowance
- 外部通勤作業
- Outside Work with Commute Travels
- 勤労感謝の日
- Labour Thanksgiving Day (November 23rd) (Labor)
- Kinroukanshanohi
- Labor Thanksgiving Day
- 塩飽勤番所跡
- Shiwakukinbanshoato
- 仕事に勤しむ
- to be assiduous in one's business
- 通勤ラッシュ
- commuter rush
- rush hour
- 朝の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for morning gongyo
- 夕の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for evening gongyo
- 参勤交代の緩和
- Loosening of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo)
- 貧困は勤勉の母
- Want is the mother of industry.
- 正規の勤務時間
- regular working hours
- 勤務成績の評定
- Evaluation of Work Performance
- 平時の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for regular cases
- 新選組副長助勤。
- Fukucho jokin (assistant vice commander) of Shinsengumi (a special police force of the late Tokugawa shogunate period).
- 交代勤務睡眠障害
- shift-work sleep disorder
- 勤労に関する意識
- A Sense of Labor
- 勤勉な工場労働者
- hard-working stiffs
- 勤労者いこいの村
- Kinroushaikoinomura
- 出勤簿へ捺印する
- register in an attendance book
- 店員として勤める
- serve behind the counter
- 彼岸会の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for Higan-e
- 修正会の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for Shusho-e
- 京都本山に勤務。
- He served in Honzan (main temple) in Kyoto.
- 主に女形を勤めた。
- He mainly performed as a male actor of female roles.
- 味の素に勤務した。
- He worked for Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
- 3月、東京に転勤。
- In March, he was transferred to Tokyo.
- 副長助勤も務めた。
- He also held the position of Fukucho jokin (assistant vice commander).
- 満州建設勤労奉仕隊
- Manchukuo Development Labor Service Organization
- 勤労者財産形成促進
- asset formation
- 盂蘭盆会の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the Urabon-e
- 13日夕の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the evening of 13th.
- 祥月命日の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for Shotsukimeinichi.
- 16日朝の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the morning of 16th.
- 年忌法要の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the annual memorial service
- 歳末昏時の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure of Saimatsukonshi
- 小姓役などを勤めた。
- He worked as a pageboy.
- 新選組伍長を勤める。
- He served as a corporal of the Shinsengumi.
- 在家報恩講の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the Hoonko at the lay believers home
- 秀頼を江戸に参勤させる
- Hideyori shall go up to Edo for sankin-kotai (an alternate-year attendance)
- 尊皇論、尊王思想、勤王
- Sonnoron (the thought of respecting the Emperor), Sonno-shiso (the thought of reverence for the Emperor), and Kinno (loyalty to the Emperor)
- 「参勤交代」が一般的。
- Generally written as '参勤交代'.
- 勤務実績がよくない場合
- When his/her performance on duty is not satisfactory;
- 委員は、非常勤とする。
- The Committee members shall serve part-time.
- The Committee members shall execute their duties on a part-time basis.
- The board members shall be part-time.
- The Council members shall serve on a part-time basis.
- The Council members shall serve on part-time basis.
- A committee member shall be part-time.
- A Committee member shall serve part-time.
- ポロシレト台場勤番所跡
- Poroshiretodaibakinbanshoato
- 1月4日の朝の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for January 4
- - 女子挺身隊勤労令公布
- Proclamation of Joshi Teishintai (Women's Volunteer Corps)
- 横浜正金銀行に勤務した。
- He worked for Yokohama Specie Bank.
- この頃に勤皇運動に傾倒。
- At that time, he started to devote himself towards the pro-Imperial movement.
- 新選組副長助勤、勘定方。
- He was an aide to the Vice Commander of the Shinsengumi (special police) and an accountant.
- 安倍氏の長者を代々勤めた。
- The Tsuchimikado family acted as the head of the Abe clan for successive generations.
- 専門委員は、非常勤とする。
- Expert advisors shall serve part-time.
- Expert advisers shall serve on part-time basis.
- The Expert Commission Member shall be part-time.
- The expert advisors shall be part-time members.
- 平時の朝の勤行次第と同じ。
- Same as the regular gongyo.
- 平時の夕の勤行次第と同じ。
- Same as the regular gongyo for evening.
- 毎歳夏四月中、参勤致スベシ。
- Perform Sankin (daimyo's biennial residence in Edo) every summer in April.
- 及び山伏がシテを勤めるもの。
- Oni Yamabushi Kyogen also includes such Kyogen that the performer playing the role of Yamabushi (a mountain priest) assumes the role of 'Shite'.
- 日露戦争では、参謀本部勤務。
- He fulfilled his duties at the General Staff Office during the Russo-Japanese War.
- 会津戦争では軍目付を勤めた。
- He served as a Gun Metsuke during the Aizu War.
- 後、丹後守・備前守を勤めた。
- He subsequently served as the governor of Tango Province and Bizen Province.
- 田村麻呂は近衛府に勤務した。
- Tamuramaro served as an officer in the Imperial Guards.
- 交替(二交替又は三交替勤務)
- shift (two or three shift working)
- 夜12時から朝8時までの勤務
- graveyard shift
- 14日・15日の朝の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the morning of the 14th and 15th
- 14日・15日の夕の勤行次第
- The gongyo procedure for the evening of the 14th and 15th
- 帰国後は大日本帝国陸軍に勤務。
- After returning to Japan, he worked for Imperial Japanese Army.
- それまでは、小姓組番頭格奥勤。
- Until then, the head of page office and concurrently a servant in the domestic quarters of Edo Castle.
- 平山は幹部の副長助勤となった。
- Hirayama assumed the position of assistant deputy leader--a leadership role.
- 勤務条件に関する行政措置の要求
- Request for Administrative Action on Working Conditions
- 筆界調査委員は、非常勤とする。
- A parcel boundary examiner shall serve on a part-time basis.
- その後、本願寺築地別院に勤務。
- Later, he served in Tsukiji Betsuin (branch temple) of the Hongan-ji Temple.
- 都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の変遷
- The history of urban employment areas (where ten percent of the population commute to city center areas)
- Changes in Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the population of the suburbs commute to the central city)
- A Change in the Urban Employment Area (UEA) (10 percent commuting area)
- Transformation into an Urban Employment Area (UEA) (suburbs with more than 10% of the population commuting to the central city)
- 参謀本部に勤務の後、騎兵旅団長。
- After that, he worked for the General Staff Main Office, he became a brigade officer in the cavalry division.
- 公事に精勤している様子がわかる。
- The diary portrayed his hard working days.
- 京官上下(京官の勤務時間の規定)
- This Article 'Kyokan-joge' (officials in Kyoto, calling on and leaving from the imperial court) specified their service hours to attend the court.
- 委員のうち五人は、非常勤とする。
- Five (5) members shall be part-time members.
- 府立中丹勤労者福祉会館(福知山市)
- Kyoto Prefectural Chutan Workers' Welfare Hall (Fukuchiyama City)
- 安藤直裕(なおひろ、16代の再勤)
- Naohiro ANDO (former 16th lord; reappointed)
- 八月十八日の政変後、勤王党は失速。
- After the Coup of August 18, the Kinnoto lost its momentum.
- 勤労者の福祉の向上を目的とする事業
- Business to enhance welfare of workers
- - 毎月27日夕の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the evening gongyo on the 27th of every month.
- - 毎月28日朝の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the morning gongyo on the 28th of every month.
- - 毎月12日夕の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the evening gongyo on the 12th of every month.
- - 毎月13日朝の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the morning gongyo on the 13th of every month.
- 勤皇派の水戸徳川家が定信に賛成した。
- The pro-Imperialist Mito-Tokugawa clan agreed with Sadanobu.
- 以下は通勤率上位5つの自治体である。
- The five municipalities with the highest commuting rates are shown below.
- 僧や新発意、座頭がシテを勤めるもの。
- In Shukke Zato Kyogen, the performer playing the role of a monk, Shinbochi (a fresh monk who entered into the priesthood shortly before) or Zato (title of the official ranks within the Todo-za [the traditional guild for the blind]) assumes the role of 'Shite.'
- 外交文書などを発行する奏者を勤めた。
- He held the position of sosha (an official) in charge of issuing diplomatic documents and so on.
- 10歳で皇籍離脱し、東芝に勤務する。
- He renounced membership from the Imperial Family when he was ten years old and worked for Toshiba.
- 北海道炭礦汽船、王子製紙などに勤務。
- Momosuke worked at several companies such as Hokkaido Tanko Kisen and Oji Paper Company, Limited.
- - 報恩講翌日の朝の勤行で拝読する。
- Should be read in the morning gongyo on the next day of the Hoonko.
- 副長助勤は組長として平隊士を統率した。
- Fukucho Jokin, as Kumicho, took command of non-officer members.
- 十七代 徳川慶勝 (十四代慶勝の再勤)
- The seventeenth (the lord of the domain): Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA (the fourteenth lord, reappointed)
- 五番組頭、副長助勤、目付も務めている。
- He also served as Head of the group number 5, Fukucho-jokin (assistant vice commander) and Metsuke (superintendent officer).
- 新選組では伍長・砲術師範などを勤めた。
- In the Shinsengumi, he served as gocho (a corporal) and hojutsu shihan (instructor for gunnery).
- 明治天皇の侍医、宮内庁御用掛を勤める。
- He was a court physician for the Emperor Meiji and served as a goyo-gakari (functions to do the business) for the Imperial Household Agency.
- 日本大学芸術学部・学習院大学非常勤講師
- He was adjunct instructor to College of Art of Nihon University and Gakushuin University.
- 第一目 勤務条件に関する行政措置の要求
- Division 1 Request for Administrative Action on Working Conditions
- - 勤行集は、両手で胸の前辺りに持つ。
- The gongyoshu should be held with both hands in front of the breast.
- 1988年 宝塚造形芸術大学非常勤講師
- 1988 Became a part-time professor of Takarazuka University of Art and Design
- 主従もののうち、大名がシテを勤めるもの。
- Daimyo Kyogen is a program dealing with stories between a lord and vassals, in which the performer playing the role of Daimyo (the feudal lord) assumes the role of 'Shite.'
- 離脱時は15歳で、後にモービル石油勤務。
- He was fifteen years old when he renounced his membership in the family, and after that he worked for Mobil Sekiyu K. K.
- 水戸の勤王の志士藤田幽谷の影響を受ける。
- He was influenced by a loyalist to the Emperor in the Mito clan, Yukoku FUJITA.
- その後、武市の結成した土佐勤王党に加盟。
- Afterwards, he joined Tosa kinnoto which was organized by TAKECHI.
- その後、華族世襲財産審議会議長を勤める。
- Subsequently, he served as chairman of the committee on heredity property of the peerage.
- 「千五百番歌合」などの判者も勤めている。
- He was also a judge of 'Sengohyaku ban Uta-awase' (One thousand five hundred Poetry Matches).
- 13日夕の勤行は、燃香のみで焼香しない。
- In the evening gongyo of the 13th day, only nenko is done and shoko is not done.
- また、平時にも国司館に結番・参勤していた。
- Also in times of peace, they went to kokushi-kan (house of kokushi) and served by rotation.
- 参勤交代のために、街道や宿場が整備された。
- On the other hand, because of sankin-kotai, roads and shukuba (post stations) were maintained.
- 以来、金剛流の座付として代々ワキを勤めた。
- Since then, they have played the role of waki (a supporting character) exclusively for the Kongo school for generations.
- その後も禁裏御用は相変わらず勤めてはいた。
- The Izumi school served as an official Kyogen school in the Imperial Palace as before.
- 江戸時代には鷺流とともに幕府御用を勤めた。
- In the Edo period, the Okura school served as an official Kyogen school in the Shogun's court, along with the Sagi school.
- 相勤めまする役人替名(やーくにんかえな)。
- Here is the cast.
- 主に大芝居に進出し、道外方、頭取を勤めた。
- He mainly worked for Oshibai (a licensed theather in Edo period) and played Dokegata and Todori (chief).
- 同年六月の編成では、副長助勤を務めている。
- He was appointed Fukucho-jokin in the organizational formation in July of the same year.
- 弟に同じく勤皇党に加わった岡田啓吉がいる。
- He had a younger brother named Keikichi OKADA who also joined the Kinnoto.
- 通称は勤倹尚武連(きんけんしょうぶれん)。
- It was commonly termed Kinkenshobu-ren.
- 会長及び委員は、非常勤とすることができる。
- The Chairperson and Board members may be of part-time service.
- 勤行前に備える事は、年中行事を除きしない。
- Except for annual events, buku is not served before a gongyo begins.
- 主従もののうち、太郎冠者がシテを勤めるもの。
- Shomyo Kyogen is also a program dealing with stories between a lord and vassals, in which the performer playing the role of Tarokaja (a common name for a manservant in Kyogen) assumes the role of 'Shite.'
- 新選組局長近藤勇の側近を勤めていたとされる。
- It is said that he was a close aide to Isami KONDO, the leader of the Shinsengumi.
- これにより以前に法官で勤務したことがわかる。
- This shows that he had worked as Norinotsukasa before.
- 復帰後の重盛は、朝廷の公事を精力的に勤めた。
- After returning to the post, Shigemori actively engaged himself in Imperial affairs.
- 1971年宮中において「棒しばり」を勤める。
- He performed 'Boshibari' in the Imperial Court in 1971.
- 委員、臨時委員及び専門委員は、非常勤とする。
- Members, temporary members, and expert members shall be part-time.
- すべて国民は、勤労の権利を有し、義務を負ふ。
- All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.
- 京都の銀座より座人が一年毎に勤番交代を行った。
- The ginza was run by officials from the ginza in Kyoto, alternating shifts once every year.
- 幕末の尊皇攘夷運動や勤王に大きな影響を与えた。
- The book greatly influenced the 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' movement and loyalty to the Emperor in the end of Edo period.
- 4ヶ月ほどの台湾勤務を終え、10月4日に帰京。
- On October 4, he came back to Japan after about four months' work in Taiwan.
- 幕末まで禁裏御用を勤め、京観世の中心とされる家。
- The family served official business of the Imperial Palace until the end of Edo period, and it is considered as the center of Kyokanze (the Kanze school in Kyoto).
- 天保10年(1839年)より西丸若年寄を勤める。
- From 1839, he served as Nishinomaru wakadoshiyori.
- 二代目の重直は上野国安中・坂元両所奉行を勤めた。
- The second family head, Shigenao, held the office of shogunate administrator of Annaka and Sakamoto of Kozuke Province.
- 以降参勤交代で一年交代に江戸と赤穂を行き来する。
- From then on, he traveled back and forth between Edo and Ako every other year by Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).
- 父・尾張藩武士・長谷川吉数は鷹狩り供役を勤める。
- His father Yoshikazu HASEGAWA, a samurai of the Owari Domain, had served as an attendant to his master when he went hawking.
- 詳細は、下記(平時の勤行次第・年中行事)を参照。
- For details, please refer to article of 'The procedure of regular gongyo' and each event of 'The annual events' below.
- 近年では尾上菊五郎 (7代目)が幸蔵を勤めている。
- In recent years, Kikugoro ONOE VII plays the role of Kozo.
- 将軍侍医などを勤め、将軍徳川家茂などの治療を行う。
- He served as a personal doctor for shogun and treated such as Shogun Iemochi TOKUGAWA.
- 勤労意欲のある者に対する就労の支援を目的とする事業
- Business to support persons having will to work for seeking the opportunity of employment
- 夕の勤行時は、土香炉に燃香するのみで、焼香しない。
- In the evening gongyo, only nenko is done in the dogoro and shoko is not done.
- 町在住者・在勤者を対象に、定期的に公民館教室を開催。
- Lessons for residents and workers of Azuchi Town are held regularly at this community center.
- このところ相勤めまする役人替名(やーくにんかえな)。
- Here is the cast.
- 第一に大名統制(武家諸法度、参勤交代、改易)がある。
- Firstly, they established the system for controlling 'daimyo' (Japanese territorial lord), such as 'Buke Shohatto' (Decree for the Military Houses), 'Sankinkotai' (the system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), and 'kaieki' (forfeiture of a rank and properties of a samurai);
- また、日本能楽会理事、東京藝術大学講師などを勤めた。
- He also served as the commissioner of the Association for Japanese Noh Plays and the instructor of Tokyo University of the Arts.
- 義家の弟、源義光が京より伴った瀧口に勤務する京武者。
- He was a samurai in the imperial capital who was brought by MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, a younger brother of Yoshiie, from Kyoto and worked for takiguchi (a court guard).
- ファックスや通信を利用して自宅で仕事をする在宅勤務者
- telecommuter
- 京都時代祭行列で維新勤王隊列の鼓笛隊としても知られる。
- They are also known for their role as flute- and drum-players as part of the imperial loyalist troop in the procession of the Kyoto Jidai Matsuri (the Festival of the Ages in Kyoto).
- 一方、知行地に在勤した家老を国家老・在所家老と呼んだ。
- On the other hand, Karo officers who worked in chigyo-chi (the lord's territory) were called Kuni-garo or Zaisho-garo.
- 観世流以外の諸座の狂言のほとんどは大蔵流が勤めていた。
- Members belonging to the Okura school performed Kyogen in almost all troupes except those belonging to the Kanze school.
- 壬生浪士組では副長助勤となり、結成初期の幹部となった。
- In Mibu-Roshigumi he became a Fukucho jokin and one of the original leaders.
- 僧たちはこの境内の有様に危機感を覚え、改修に勤しんだ。
- Developing a sense of crisis from the terrible conditions of the precincts, the monks devoted themselves to refurbishment.
- 平時は、勤行後に仏供を仏器に盛糟を用いて盛り、備える。
- At the regular gongyo, heap bukki (food offering bowl for the home altar) with buku using mosso (frame to heap buku) and serve when the gongyo has finished.
- 現代の日本において、勤務医の辞職を逃散と呼ぶことがある。
- In present-day Japan, the resignation of public practice physicians is sometimes called chosan.
- その後は、都心回帰の傾向から通勤圏の拡大は弱まっている。
- Afterward, the expansion of the commutable area weakened due to the tendency of people to return to the city centers.
- 土佐勤皇党、海援隊 (浪士結社)、陸援隊、奇兵隊、赤報隊
- Tosaginno-to Party, Kaientai (an association of roshi organized by Ryoma SAKAMOTO), Rikuentai Army (an association of roshi organized by Shintaro NAKAOKA), Kiheitai Army, Sekihoutai Army
- 参勤交代における江戸と領地との往来が典型的な形態である。
- The typical form was traffic between Edo and territory in Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- 「外郎売実ハ曾我五郎」は市川團十郎 (2代目)が勤めた。
- The role of 'The Medicine Peddler whose true identity is SOGA no Goro' was acted by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the 2nd).
- このように物語を動かす上での重要な役どころを勤めている。
- In this way, she takes on an important role in advancing the story.
- 侠客を歌舞伎の舞台でよく勤めた役者が多門庄左衛門である。
- Shozaemon TAMON was a Kabuki actor who often played an role of kyokaku on Kabuki stages.
- 出勤した時の御所内の詰め所も異なり、天皇の待遇も違った。
- Tsumesho (station) in the Imperial Palace when attended the office were different and treatment from the emperor was also different.
- 結局、秀忠が頑として譲らなかったため先陣は秀忠が勤めた。
- After all, as Hidetada was too adamant to make concessions, he led the van.
- 1867年に脱藩して京都に潜伏し、勤王派として活動した。
- In 1867 he left the domain to conceal himself in Kyoto and became active as pro-Imperialist.
- 翌年には14等出仕に昇進し、主に司法方面の勤務に就いた。
- In 1874, he was promoted to the 14th rank attendant and worked in the judicial branch.
- 匡房は後三条天皇・白河天皇・堀河天皇三帝の侍読を勤めた。
- Masafusa was an Imperial tutor and served three emperors: Emperor Gosanjo, Emperor Shirakawa, and Emperor Horikawa.
- この制度により、全国的な参勤交代制度の原形ができあがった。
- This system became the prototype of the nationwide sankin-kotai.
- 幕末には澤為量・澤宣嘉父子が勤皇攘夷派の急先鋒として活躍。
- In the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tamekazu SAWA and his son, Nobuyoshi SAWA actively worked as vanguards of the sonnojoi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians).
- そのため天皇の信がすこぶる篤く、要務を勤めることとなった。
- Therefore, he gained the strong trust of the Emperor and played an important role.
- 足守藩士で勘定方に勤めていた安富正之進の子として生まれる。
- He was born as the child of Masanoshin YASUTOMI, who was a feudal retainer working as kanjogata (an accounting officer) in the Ashimori Domain.
- 江戸時代の生野奉行は11代、代官に改組後は28人が勤めた。
- 11 bugyo served at the Ikuno bugyosho and after the reorganization took place, 28 daikan served at the Ikuno daikansho during the Edo period.
- 議員としての中川は、常任委員会第三部請願委員などを勤めた。
- As a member of the House of Peers, NAKAGAWA took charge of the petition council of the 3rd department of the standing committee.
- 代々金春流で狂言を勤めた大蔵弥右衛門家が室町後期に創流した。
- The Yaemon OKURA family, whose members had performed Kyogen in the Konparu school from generation to generation, established the Okura school in the late Muromachi period.
- 江戸時代、大奥に勤める上臈・中臈など高位の女性が打掛を着た。
- In the Edo period,the women of higher position such as joro (the highest grade ladies-in-waiting) and churo (the middle grade ladies-in-waiting) who serve in the O-oku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) wore the uchikake.
- 翌年奏者番兼寺社奉行となり元治1年(1864年)まで勤める。
- In the following year, he became a sojaban and jisha-bugyo and served until 1864.
- 将軍の補佐役として参勤交代を行わず江戸に定府することとなる。
- As advisor to the shogun, they were ordered to live permanently in Edo and hence they were no longer required to carry on 'Sankin-kotai' (a system in which the feudal lords were required to spend every other year in their residences in Edo).
- 秋山とはその後の上京時に共立学校にて共に受験勉強に勤しんだ。
- He studied together with AKIYAMA later when he moved to Tokyo.
- なおこの際に院使饗応役を勤めたのは菰野藩主土方雄豊であった。
- And Katsutoyo HIJIKATA, the lord of Komono Domain, was in charge of entertaining Inshi (a messenger from the retired Emperor), on this occasion.
- 歳末昏時(12月31日夕の勤行)の前に、修正会の荘厳をする。
- The shogon for the Shusho-e is done before the Saimatsukonshi (gongyo held at the evening of December 31).
- 朝の勤行と同様に、「同朋奉讃式」によるおつとめでも構わない。
- The evening gongyo can be in the style of dohohosanshiki as in the morning gongyo.
- 朝の出勤前や、夕方仕事が終わってから毎日登山に来る人も数多い。
- A number of people visit and climb the mountain everyday before work in the morning and after work in the evening.
- 参勤交代の起源は鎌倉時代にみられた御家人の鎌倉への出仕である。
- Sankin-kotai originated from Gokenin (shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu)'s serving in Kamakura during the Kamakura period.
- 一方、江戸時代には勤番武士が多くしゅす織りの足袋を履いていた。
- On the other hand, most samurai on duty in Edo wore tabi made of satin weave.
- 装束の奉仕は、藤原邦綱・宗盛・親宗など滋子に近い人々が勤めた。
- FUJIWARA no Kunitsuna, Munemori, and Chikamune helped arrange the costumes of those who were in close relationships with Shigeko.
- 受験英語に勤しみ、その後の大観の海外生活で大きな力を発揮する。
- He worked on exam-oriented English, which later proved instrumental in Taikan's living overseas.
- 会津まで新選組に同行した副長助勤は、この尾形と斎藤のみである。
- Ogata and Saito were the only assistant vice commanders of Shinsengumi who stayed with the group and went up to Aizu.
- それに対し、石田は長年の商家勤めから商業の本質を熟知していた。
- On the other hand, Ishida had full knowledge of commercial essence from the years of work at mercantile house.
- 弘化2年(1845年)に江戸勤番を命じられ、江戸に上っている。
- In 1845, he was ordered to carry out Edo Kinban (a duty in Edo).
- 、浅草寺に『暫』の鎌倉権五郎を勤める九代目の銅像が建てられた。
- In 1919 a bronze statue of the Ninth acting Gongoro KAMAKURA in 'Shibaraku' was built in Senso-ji Temple.
- また、国衙に勤務する官人・役人を「国衙」と呼んだ例も見られる。
- In some cases, a ranking government official (lower or middle ranked) and other government officials, those who served the Kokuga, were called 'Kokuga.'
- 明治33年3月20日 勤務先の西本願寺で倒れ73歳で死去した。
- He collapsed at his working place, Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and died at 73 years old on March 20th, 1900.
- 元和 (日本)3年(1617年)京都知恩院普請の奉行を勤めた。
- In 1617, he oversaw the construction of Chion-in Temple in Kyoto.
- この頃、龍馬は勝の護衛に勤王党の人斬り・岡田以蔵をつけている。
- At around that time, Ryoma appointed the murderer in Kinnoto, Izo OKADA, to be a bodyguard for KATSU.
- 青侍(あおさむらい)は、貴族・公家の家政機関に勤仕する侍のこと。
- Aosamurai were samurai warriors who served domestic governing institution of nobles and court nobles.
- 1952年に渡米し、1961年よりロサンゼルス郡の検死局に勤務。
- He went to the U.S. in 1952, and from 1961 onwards he worked for the L.A. County coroner's office.
- 助六:女助六ほか五役を瀬川菊之丞 (3代目)が早替わりで勤めた。
- Sukeroku: Kikunojo SEGAWA III performed the Female Sukeroku and other five roles by quickly changing costumes.
- 聟入りもののように聟がシテを勤めるもの、及び女性の登場するもの。
- Muko Onna Kyogen is a Kyogen in which the performer playing the role of Muko (bridegroom) assumes the role of 'Shite,' and a performer playing a female role comes onstage.
- 父(丸山氏)は江戸の吉原 (東京都)で遊廓の勤め人だったという。
- His father (Maruyama clan) was said to have worked at 'yukaku' (a red-light district) in Yoshiwara, Edo.
- 長男は明石屋を継承し、主に立役を勤める大谷友右衛門 (8代目)。
- His older son, Tomoemon OTANI the Eighth, took over the trade name 'Akashiya' and performs mainly as tachiyaku (a leading male-role actor).
- 贈位正三位高野隆古は宝暦事件に関与した勤皇21廷臣の一人だった。
- Posthumous Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) Takafuru TAKANO was one of the twenty-two court nobles band 'Kinno twenty-two teishin' who were involved in the Horeki Incident.
- 1858年、有馬の江戸藩邸勤番に伴って上京し、北辰一刀流を学ぶ。
- In 1858, he went to Edo to accompany Arima to reside on duty in Edo, and learned Hokushin Itto-ryu.
- 三味線奏者は専業だが、鳴物奏者は若手の落語家が勤めることが多い。
- While shamisen players are professional, young storytellers often play the narimono.
- 前日の夕の勤行後に、掃除をし、卓に冬用打敷を掛け、華束を備える。
- After the evening gongyo from the day before, clean up, put the uchishiki over the table, and serve the kesoku.
- 古くは江戸時代から丹後田辺藩主の参勤交代や商用などに使われていた。
- It was used for commercial purpose or Sankin Kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo) of the lord of Tanabe Domain of Tango Province from Edo period.
- 相模松田氏は北条家家臣団として御由緒家七家に列し、家老職を勤める。
- The Sagami Matsuda clan ranked the seven families of Goyuishoke (successive retainers of the Hojo family) as vassals of the Hojo family, and served as Karo (chief retainer).
- 松井家は細川血族として明治維新まで代々筆頭家老を勤めることになる。
- As a blood relation of the Hosokawa clan, the Matsui clan continued to serve as Hittokaro (the head of chief retainers) until the Meiji Restoration.
- 元禄2年(1689年)および元禄5年(1692年)に奥詰を勤める。
- In 1689 and 1692, he worked as an okuzume (adviser to the shogun).
- 文久元年(1861年)、土佐に帰国して武市瑞山の土佐勤王党に入る。
- In 1861, he went back to Tosa Province, and entered Tosa kinnoto (loyalist clique of Tosa) of Zuizan TAKECHI.
- 元禄13年(1700年)6月には内匠頭が参勤交代により赤穂を発つ。
- Takumi no kami left Ako for Edo to participate in Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) in June 1700.
- 番役(ばんやく)とは、日本史上において順番に交替勤務にあたること。
- Banyaku refers to working different shifts by rotation in the Japanese history.
- その代わりに参勤交代の際の江戸在府期間を半年(従来は1年)とした。
- In exchange for the above, the Daimyo was allowed to reduce the duration of his stay in Edo to a half year (usually one year) in Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- このとき藩主伊達宗城は参勤交代で不在、家老も京都へ出張中であった。
- At that time, the domain lord, Munenari DATE was in Edo, as required by the Shogun, and the chief retainer was away in Kyoto on business.
- もっとも当時年季休役、御用に限り、これまた相勤め申すべきものなり。
- Also, the usual yearly work must be conducted.
- 正親町公蔭(京極為兼の養子)・藤原為基・冷泉為秀らが寄人を勤めた。
- Kinkage OGIMACHI (an adopted son of Tamekane KYOGOKU), FUJIWARA no Tamemoto, and Tamehide REIZEI were chosen as members of the compiling work.
- 朝の勤行時は、土香炉に燃香したのち、火舎香炉(金香炉)に焼香する。
- In the morning gongyo, do nenko in the dogoro and then do shoko in the kashagoro or the kanagoro (both are incense burners).
- 1月4日の朝の勤行後に、鏡餅を下げ、打敷を取り、荘厳を平時に戻す。
- After the morning gongyo on January 4, shogon is returned to the regular gongyo by taking away the kagami-mochi (a round rice-cake offered to a deity) and removing the Uchishiki.
- 11月21~28日の間に本山で厳修される報恩講の予修として勤める。
- Gongyo is done as the preliminary event of the gonshu (holding a Buddhist ceremony) of Hoonko at the head temple from November 21 to November 28.
- 訳:大名は自分の領地と江戸とを(1年ごとに)毎年4月に参勤すること。
- Translation: Daimyo must visit their own territory and Edo in April every year.
- このために費用がかさみ、参勤交代は大名の財政を圧迫することとなった。
- Sankin-kotai was so costly that it placed an enormous financial burden on daimyo accordingly.
- 勤皇派藩士の一人であった中村喜八郎は維新の功績により山桜を拝領する。
- Kihachiro NAKAMURA, one of the pro-imperial warriors, received a mountain cherry tree in recognition of his contribution to the Restoration.
- 寛延元年(1748年)閏10月1日 - 小姓組番頭、奥勤兼務に異動。
- Leap October 1, 1748 - Changed to the head of page office and concurrently a servant in the domestic quarters of Edo Castle.
- 敬神党は、旧肥後藩士族の三大派閥の一つであった、勤皇党の一派である。
- The Keishin-to party was a sect of the Kinno-to party (pro-Imperial party), which was one of the three major factions of the former Higo Domain warrior class.
- 女紅場に勤務していたときの経験を生かし、同志社の運営に助言を与えた。
- She made good use of her experiences of working at Kyoto Nyokoba to contribute suggestions to the operation of the Doshisha.
- 勤王の志強い山南も強く反対したが、近藤、土方は全く取り合わなかった。
- Sannan, who was high-spirited in his loyalty to the Emperor, strongly opposed it, but Kondo and Hijikata paid absolutely no attention to him.
- 前項の勤務成績の評定の手続及び記録に関し必要な事項は、政令で定める。
- Necessary matters concerning the procedures for and records of the evaluation of work performance set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by Cabinet Order.
- 東宮学士同様、下部機構も上部機構も持たないため式部省が勤務評定を行う。
- Just as was the case with Togu gakushi, Togu-no-fu also did not have any subordinates or upper organization; therefore, Shikibu-sho (Ministry of the Ceremonial) assessed the service level of Togu-no-fu.
- 斎宮寮 - 斎宮の用を勤め、伊勢太神宮、伊勢の神領に関する事務を掌る。
- Saiguryo (Bureau of the High Priestess of Ise Shrine): worked for Saigu (imperial princess appointed to serve Ise Shrine) and was in charge of clerical work concerning the affairs of the shrine and the shrine estate.
- 関ヶ原の戦い、大坂の役、参勤交代、武家諸法度、武断政治、天草の乱、鎖国
- Battle of Sekigahara, the Siege of Osaka, the daimyo's alternate-year residence system in Edo (Sankinkotai), Laws Governing Military Households, military government, Shimabara Rebellion, and national isolation
- なんらかの事情で参勤交代が免除される事があり、これを'用捨'と言った。
- When a clan was exempted from sankin-kotai for certain reasons, this was called 'yosha'(literary means forgiveness).
- また、交代寄合と呼ばれる格式の高い旗本は大名に準じて参勤交代を行った。
- Edo hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu) of high social status called kotaiyoriai were subject to sankin-kotai like daimyo.
- 江戸時代に入り春日仲見が地下家として再興し、代々久我家諸大夫を勤めた。
- But then in the Edo period Nakami KASUGA revived the family line as a jige (lower-ranking courtier) family, and for generations thereafter family members served the Koga family as high stewards.
- 大阪府北河内(寝屋川市堀溝)58番小学校、名古屋師範学校附属小学校勤務
- He worked at the fifty-eigth elementary school in Kitagawachi, Osaka Prefecture (Horimizo, Neyagawa City) and the primary school associated with the Nagoya school for teacher training.
- 情勢が再び勤王派に有利となった文久3年(1863年)3月に釈放された。
- In April 1863, when favourable conditions for Imperial loyalists returned, Kuniomi was released.
- 『勧進帳』の弁慶を勤めれば、芝居が未熟だと小團次にこっぴどく叱られる。
- When acting Benkei in 'Kanjincho,' he was severely scolded for his immature acting by Kodanji.
- 同年7月 - 明治12年(1879年)4月、英国在勤(特命全権公使)。
- He served in Britain from July 1873 to April 1879 as the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
- 土佐藩では庄屋は転勤の制度があったため、中岡家のルーツは室戸ではない。
- In the Tosa clan, village headsmen were transferred around, and so the Nakaoka family's roots are not in Muroto.
- 問屋方より相触れ次第、人馬遅参致さず滞りなく差し出し相勤め申すべく候。
- As soon as informed by the forward messenger sent from the wholesaler, send workers and horses without delay.
- 第三百九十条第三項の規定に違反して、常勤の監査役を選定しなかったとき。
- when the person fails to select a full-time company auditor in violation of the provisions of Article 390(3);
- また工房があって、国府勤務の官人の需要に応じ、都に送る調庸物を生産した。
- Moreover, there was also a workshop in Kokufu, where choyobutsu (national tax) for the central government was produced in compliance with the requests of officers working at the Kokufu.
- だが、それが勤皇思想と結んだ結果において倒幕と言うエネルギーに一転した。
- However, at time when this theory was related to the pro-Imperial thought, it led people to shift to the movement to overthrow the Shogunate.
- 本外題は主役の助六を勤める役者によって変わる(詳細は今日の助六を参照)。
- The title is different for the actor to impersonate the leading role Sukeroku (for further details, see 'Currently Performed Sukeroku.')
- 花魁に限らないが、客が遊女の身代金や借金を支払って勤めを終えさせること。
- Miuke means that a customer of a courtesan (not only an oiran) pays off her debts, or pays money to redeem her so that she no longer needs to work as a courtesan.
- 閻魔大王や鬼の類がシテを勤めるもの(人が鬼に化ける話もこれに含まれる)。
- Oni Yamabushi Kyogen is a Kyogen in which the performer playing the role of Enma Daio (the King of Hell), Oni (ogre), or others assumes the role of 'Shite'; it includes programs with the story that people turn into Oni.
- 斎宮退下の後は敦忠の従兄弟で同母姉勤子内親王の夫でもある師輔と結婚した。
- After resigning as Saigu, she married Morosuke, who was a cousin of Atsutada and the husband of Imperial Princess Kinshi, her elder sister by the same mother.
- 篠原の神奈川奉行所勤務は、窪田が神奈川奉行所取締役に就任したことによる。
- Thanks to Kubota taking office as the head, Shinohara worked for the Kanagawa Magistrate's office.
- 参勤交代で江戸の人口が急増する寛永年間まで京都は日本最大の都市であった。
- Kyoto had been the largest city in Japan until the Kanei era when the population of Edo increased sharply owing to the introduction of Sankinkotai (shogunate scheme requiring feudal lords to stay in residence in Edo every other year).
- この女紅場に茶道教授として勤務していたのが13代千宗室(円能斎)の母で、
- The mother of Soshitsu SEN XIII (Ennosai) was working for this school as a tea ceremony instructor.
- 最晩年(1955年)に勤めた桜間弓川「関寺小町」で一箇月の稽古を求めた。
- He asked for a one-month practice of 'Seki-dera Komachi' (Komachi at Seki-dera Temple) by Kyusen SAKURAMA, which he performed in his last days (1955).
- それを意気に感じた光太郎は戦後10年ほどのあいだに充実した舞台を勤める。
- Being inspired by that event, Mitsutaro committed himself to high quality noh plays for 10 years after the war.
- 賃金、就業時間、休息その他の勤労条件に関する基準は、法律でこれを定める。
- Standards for wages, hours, rest and other working conditions shall be fixed by law.
- 位階昇進に必要な勤続年数を満たして任官の機会を待たせる施策がとられていた。
- The government had a policy that those courtiers would get a chance for appointments when they worked long enough for promotions.
- ※10%通勤圏に入っていない自治体は、各統計年の欄で灰色かつ「-」で示す。
- Municipalities not included in 'the areas where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city' are shown in gray with a mark ' - ' in the total column of each year.
- Gray colored column with a mark '-' indicates that the autonomous body is not included in the 10 percent commuting area.
- * The blanks in gray and with the hyphen (-) in them among the columns of statistical years in the chart show local governments that are not included among the suburbs with more than 10% of the population to the central city.
- 幕末、明治維新期の園基祥は、安政勤王八十八廷臣の一人として国事に奔走した。
- Motosachi SONO, near the end of the Edo period and the Meiji Restoration, devoted himself to the interest of the nation as one of the Ansei kinno eighty-eight teishin (Eighty-eight court nobles who protested the U.S.-Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce during the Ansei era).
- 承応1年(1652年)大坂城代に就任し、寛文2年(1662年)まで勤める。
- He served as Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle) in 1652 to 1662.
- 寿屋で勤務していたあいだ、竹鶴は鳥井の山崎蒸溜所設置に重要な役割を果たす。
- While he was working for Kotobukiya Limited, he played an important role in building Yamazaki Distillery.
- 天皇としての活動について非常に意欲的かつ勤勉であると伝えられることが多い。
- He has frequently been admired for his high motivation to his duties as well as for his diligence.
- 出勤前のわずか10分か15分の間を唯一の娘である芳子を抱き上げて慈しんだ。
- In the short time of 10 to 15 minutes before heading off to the Ministry, he showed affection to his only daughter, Yoshiko, by lifting her in his arms.
- 京都府の東福寺の正覚庵に籠もり、絵や句の制作に勤しみ、同時に仏道に参じる。
- Staying at Shogaku-an, a sub-temple of Tofuku-ji Temple in Kyoto Prefecture, he diligently produced paintings and haiku poems and, at the same time, worshipped Buddha.
- 足下郡(足柄下郡湯河原町および真鶴町)土肥郷を本拠とし早川庄預所を勤めた。
- Based in Dohi-go Village, Ashigarashimono County (Yugawara-machi and Manazuru-cho, Ashigarashimo-gun), he served as the azukaridokoro (custodian) of Hayakawasho manor.
- 先手とは先陣・先鋒という意味であり、戦闘時には徳川氏の先鋒足軽隊を勤めた。
- Sakite meant van or spearhead, and served as ashigaru-tai (foot soldier units) of the spearhead of TOKUGAWA clan in battles.
- 勤皇党のうち、明治政府への強い不満を抱く構成員により、敬神党が結成された。
- Members of the Kinno-to party who were deeply dissatisfied with the Meiji Government formed the Keishin-to party.
- 新選組副長助勤(新見錦降格後、局長、あるいは副長に昇格したともいわれる)。
- He served in Shinsengumi, holding the office of assistant deputy leader (Some say that he was promoted to leader or deputy leader status after the demotion of Nishiki NIIMI).
- その後、新選組幹部の選出にあたり、斎藤は20歳にして副長助勤に抜擢された。
- Later, SAITO, who was then 20 years old, was promoted to Fukucho-jokin (third-rank of Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party) in the election of the cadre of the Shinsen-gumi masterless warrior party.
- 大名には幕府によりその格式に定められた参勤交代と御手伝いの義務が課せられた。
- The shogunate government obliged daimyo to live in Edo every other year (Sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, which were determined according to their social status.
- その後尾上菊五郎 (6代目)、中村吉右衛門 (初代)などの相方を多く勤めた。
- He went on to work prolifically alongside Kikugoro ONOE VI and Kichiemon NAKAMURA I.
- 禁裏御用を勤めていた縁により、家元をはじめとする職分の多くが東京に移住した。
- Not only the head family but also many occupational branch families moved to Tokyo, taking advantage of the history that the Izumi school had long served as an official Kyogen school in the Imperial Palace.
- 平野七名家の筆頭で、戦国時代の自治都市「平野区」の執政を勤めた由緒ある家柄。
- The Sueyoshi clan was the highest rank of the Hirano Shichimyo families with a long history, which was engaged in the administration of an autonomous city 'Hirano district' in the Warring States period.
- 天武天皇7年(678年) 官人の勤務評定や官位の昇進に関して考選法を定める。
- 678: The Emperor Tenmu set up the promotion system related to the service evaluation and rank promotion of government officials.
- その子新之亟(嘉右衛門とも)は記録奉行を勤め、新之亟の次男が清輝の父である。
- Shinnojo (who was also called Kaemon), the son of Sainojo served as Kiroku Bugyo and the second son of Shinnojo was father of Kiyoteru.
- 二人は、鴎外の東京転勤とともに上京し、鴎外の自宅近くに住み、交際をつづけた。
- When Ogai was transferred to Tokyo the two men went down with him and lived near Ogai's home to maintain their friendship.
- その後は明治政府に出仕し、陸軍士官として西南戦争などに参戦、開拓使も勤めた。
- After that, he served the Meiji government and joined wars including the Seinan War as a military officer and he also served as a development commissioner.
- 箱館戦争時、土方歳三の側近を勤めていた立川は、終生土方の菩提を弔ったと言う。
- At the Hakodate War, he was a close aide to Toshizo HIJIKATA and he held memorial services for the repose of HIJIKATA's soul for all his life.
- しかし1940年頃、胸部に疾患が悪化し始め、1942年に勤続16年目で退社。
- However, his chest disease was getting worse from around 1940, so he quit the company at the 16th year of service in 1942.
- そこへ、正徳6年春(1716年)に、元次もまた参勤のために江戸に上ってきた。
- Then, in 1716, Mototsugu also came to Edo in the Sankinkotai system.
- 合計すると小国では数十人、大国では数百人とかなりの規模の人数が勤務していた。
- The total number of workers in small provinces came to dozens of people and in major provinces came to a considerable workers such as several hundred people.
- 免官の処分を受けたため父が始めた紙店愛々堂に勤め、一方で井原西鶴を愛読した。
- Dismissed from his governmental post, he began to work for his father's paper shop called Aiai-do while avidly reading Saikaku IHARA's works.
- 専門委員は、非常勤とし、その任免に関し必要な事項は、最高裁判所規則で定める。
- A technical adviser shall serve part-time, and the necessary matters concerning his/her appointment and dismissal shall be specified by the Rules of the Supreme Court.
- 司農寺等の官庁に籍があり年間三番の交代制で1ヵ月ずつ勤務するたてまえであった。
- Individuals of this status would be registered at a government office such as the Court of the National Granaries (Sinong Si) and work three one month shifts per year.
- 諸大名を親藩、譜代大名、外様大名に分け、参勤交代や改易によってこれを統制した。
- Daimyo (feudal lords) were classified into Shinpan daimyo (descendants of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), Fudai daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) and Tozama daimyo (non-Tokugawa feudal lords), all of which were controlled by Tokugawa shogunate through Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in their residences in Edo) and Kaieki (change or forfeit of ranks).
- 水戸家当主は征夷大将軍の補佐役であるとされ、参勤交代せず江戸定府の例であった。
- The head of the Mito family was regarded as the assistant to Seiitaishogun, so the family was excused from sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and remained in Edo all the time.
- 水戸家は代々「大日本史」をはじめ水戸学を学び、代々勤皇の家として知られている。
- The Mito family had learned Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in Mito Domain) starting with'Dainihonshi' (literally, Great History of Japan) and been known as a pro-Imperial family for generations.
- 忠亮は、元佐賀藩士で、中牟田倉之助らとともに藩営三重津海軍所の教官として勤務。
- Tadaakira was an ex-feudal retainer of the Saga clan, and was an instructor in the Saga clan-operated Mietsu Navy school with Kuranosuke NAKAMUTA and others.
- 慶応三年(1867年)六月の幕臣取立では、副長助勤として見廻組格となっている。
- Having been Fukucho-jokin in Shinsengumi, Shuntaro was recruited as a Mimawarigumi-kaku (a status which is equivalent to Mimawarigumi; the shogunate-organized security squad placed in Kyoto) at the time of recruitment of Shinsengumi members as shogun's retainers in July 1867.
- 会津戦争での会津若松城受け取りの時、堂々とした態度で軍監としての作法を勤めた。
- On the ceremony of receiving Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle in the Aizu War, he performed it in a proper manner as a commander.
- 余談だが、彼が初代逓信大臣を勤めたとき、逓信省の「徽章」を決めることになった。
- Incidentally, when he was the first Minister of Communication, they needed to decide on 'a badge' for the Ministry of Communication.
- 19歳で卒業しいくつかの小学校に勤務したが、翌年同郷の先輩小林義直を頼り上京。
- After the graduation at the age of 19, he taught at several elementary schools and in the following year he went up to Tokyo counting on Yoshinao KOBAYASHI who was from the same village and his senior at school.
- 翌年、豊岡県権参事だった大野右仲の推薦からか、同県へ15等出仕として勤務する。
- Next year, he began working for the Toyooka Prefecture (former Toyooka Domain) as the 15th rank attendant, probably with the backing of Uchu ONO, who was Gonsanji (second to the governor) of Toyooka Prefecture (former Toyooka Domain) at that time.
- 9月に肥後国高瀬の松村家に庇護され、久留米藩の勤王志士真木和泉と国事を談じる。
- In September, he was protected by the Matsumura family in Takase, Higo Province, and discussed affairs of State with a royalist political reformer, Izumi MAKI.
- 主に地方勤務の役人に支給され、奉行だけではなく中級の組頭などにも給されていた。
- Yakukin was paid mainly to officers working in provincial areas, including high-ranking bugyo and middle-ranking kumigashira.
- 芹沢が筆頭局長、近藤と新見錦(水戸脱藩)が局長、平間は幹部の副長助勤となった。
- SERIZAWA became the Hittokyokucho (Supreme Commander), KONDO and Nishiki NIMI (who had left the service of Mito clan) became Kyokucho (Commander), and HIRAMA became Fukuchojokin (Aide to Vice Commander).
- 15歳頃から大国隆正に国学や勤王を、岩垣月洲らに漢学、陽明学、漢詩などを学ぶ。
- From the age of 15, he studied Kokugaku (the study of the Japanese classics) and loyalism under Takamasa OKUNI and Kangaku (the study of the Chinese classics), Yomeigaku (doctrines of Wang Yang-Ming) and Chinese poetry under Gesshu IWAGAKI.
- 天保14年(1843年)八郎は清川関所役人の畑田安右衛門に師事し勉学に勤しむ。
- In 1843, Hachiro studied hard under Yasuemon HATAKEDA, a public officer of Kiyokawa Barrier.
- 本条に規定する適法な交渉は、勤務時間中においても行なうことができるものとする。
- The lawful negotiation provided for in this Article may take place during hours of work as well.
- 第八十六条の規定に違反して故意に勤務条件に関する行政措置の要求の申出を妨げた者
- Any person who has intentionally prevented the presentation of a request for administrative action on working conditions in violation of Article 86;
- 勤労者の団結する権利及び団体交渉その他の団体行動をする権利は、これを保障する。
- The right of workers to organize and to bargain and act collectively is guaranteed.
- そのほか地方議会の議員に選出される者、中央官庁や地方公共団体に勤務する者もいた。
- Further, some were elected local assembly members, some worked for the central government or local government.
- そのうえ、黙阿弥はこの狂言を四代目小團次が二役早変わりで勤めるように書いている。
- In additiion, in this kyogen (kabuki act), Mokuami assigned two roles for Kodanji Ⅳthat required him quick-changes.
- そして任期が過ぎても帰京せず、国香は常陸大掾、良将は鎮守府将軍を勤めるなどした。
- Takamochi did not return to Kyoto after he served out his term, and his sons Kunika filled the post of Hitachi no daijo (Senior Secretary of Hitachi Province) and Yoshimasa of Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North).
- 同母兄弟に持明親王・盛明親王・勤子内親王・都子内親王・雅子内親王・源高明がいた。
- Her brothers/sisters-uterine were Imperial Prince Tokiakira, Imperial Prince Moriakira, Imperial Princess Isoko, Imperial Princess Toshi, Imperial Princess Gashi (also known as Masako) and MINAMOTO no Takaakira.
- エンゲルベルト・ケンペルは長崎の出島のオランダ商館に勤務したドイツ人医師である。
- Engelbert KAEMPFER was a German doctor who worked at the Dutch trading post located on Dejima (a fan-shaped artificial island) in the bay of Nagasaki.
- 後藤は公武合体派の急先鋒として、武市瑞山らを切腹させるなど土佐勤王党を弾圧する。
- As the vanguard of Kobu-gattai group, (a party of advocating Kobu-gattai which unites the court and the shogunate) Goto clamped down Tosakinno Party (loyalist clique of Tosa) and carried out punishments of the members, including Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) of Zuizan TAKECHI.
- 日露戦争では軍令部長として大本営に勤め、の終戦の後は元帥 (日本)に任じられた。
- He served as the manager of military command in the main headquarters during the Russo-Japanese War and was appointed to Japanese fleet admiral after the war in 1905.
- 晩年は長州の「勤王の志士」たちと交流し、第一次長州征伐の調停役としても活躍した。
- He enjoyed the friendship of 'loyalists of the Meiji Restoration period' of Choshu domain in his later years, and also worked hard as a mediator of the First conquest of Choshu.
- しかし、その後長州藩は再び勤王派が主導権を握ったため、第二次長州征伐が決定する。
- But the people loyal to the Emperor had the initiative again afterwards, so that it was decided to make the Second Choshu Conquest.
- 反主流派の土佐勤皇党を弾圧するなどしたが、1862年の吉田暗殺によって失脚する。
- He oppressed the Tosaginno Party (Tosa Loyalist Party), which was an anti-mainstream faction, but the assignation of Yoshida brought about Fukuoka's downfall in 1862.
- 家禄3,000石以下布衣以上の役職を勤め、無役となった者は役寄合として寄合に入る
- Retirees who had served a post of 3,000 koku or less with a rank higher than hoi were included in yoriai as yakuyoriai.
- 伊予松山藩主加藤嘉明転封の7年後、次の藩主蒲生忠知が参勤交代の途中、京都で急逝。
- Seven years after Yoshiaki KATO, domainal lord of Iyo-Matsuyama domain, had his fief relocated, Tadatomo GAMO, who succeeded him as lord of the domain, died suddenly in Kyoto while on the way to Edo under the system of alternate attendance.
- なお、文書である公文の保管所や担当者の勤務場所を「公文所(くもんじょ)」と呼ぶ。
- In addition, the archive of kumon as documents and the workplace of the person in charge were called 'kumonjo' (administration office).
- 八月十八日の政変で京から尊攘派が駆逐され、土佐勤王党も藩によって壊滅状態となる。
- The political change on August 18 expelled Sonno joi (revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians) royalists from Kyoto, which resulted in destruction in Tosa Kinnoto by the Tosa clan.
- 帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
- After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.
- 竹本に役名を呼ばれてはじめて「人形に魂が入ったように」顔を上げ、役を勤めはじめる。
- After each character's name is called by the takemoto (narrator), the actor looks up and starts to act as if 'life is put into the puppet.'
- その後永享6年(1434年)2月に戒師を海門承朝(長慶天皇皇子)が勤め聖承は出家。
- In March 1434, Shocho KAIMON (Emperor Chokei's prince) served as kaishi (the priest who imparts the Buddhist commandments) for Seisho to become a priest.
- 同年3月8日には秀吉が聚楽第に秀次を訪問した際、兵を率いて道中の警備を勤めている。
- On April 17 of the same year, when Hideyoshi visited Hidetsugu in Jurakudai, he led his army and escorted him to the Jurakudai.
- 延宝4年(1676年)、水害により藩内が被害を受けて参勤交代の延期を願い出ている。
- In 1676, he asked for postponement of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) due to flood damage in his domain.
- 黒船来航した嘉永6年(1853年)に再び江戸勤番になり、江戸で剣術と学問に励んだ。
- He was called for Edo Kinban again in 1853, at the time of the arrival of the Black Ships, and passionately devoted himself to swordplay and study in Edo.
- 明治2年(1869年)4月、燈明台掛(後の海上保安試験研究センター)・税関に兼勤。
- In May 1869, Kagenori was appointed to Tomyodaigakari (an official at the lighthouse, the present Japan Coast Guard Research Center) and additionally to the Customs.
- 考解(こうげ)…勤務評定による成績が悪いことを理由として、懲戒処分として行われる。
- Koge…Carried on as disciplinary action due to the unfavorable results in the service evaluation.
- 元日は中国では常假が与えられるが、日本では節会が開催されるために必ず出勤日となる。
- In China New Year's Day was usually a holiday, however, in Japan it was always a working day because a Sechi-e (seasonal court banquet) was held.
- 足立大尉は病気療養をしていた鳥取県の帰省先から勤務地である福岡県に戻る途中だった。
- After receiving medical treatment in his hometown, Tottori Prefecture, he was on his way back to Fukuoka Prefecture where he worked.
- その直後に勤王党による吉田東洋の暗殺事件が起り、当初は龍馬が実行犯として疑われた。
- Immediately thereafter, the assassination of Toyo YOSHIDA by Kinnoto occurred, and at the beginning Ryoma was suspected as the assassin.
- 委員長に事故があるときは、あらかじめその指名する常勤の委員が、その職務を代理する。
- If the chairperson is incapacitated, a full-time member designated in advance shall represent the chairperson's duty.
- In the event that the Chairperson has an accident, the full-time Commission Member who has been designated in advance by the Chairperson shall perform the duties of the Chairperson.
- 支援センターに、役員として、前項の理事のほか、非常勤の理事一人を置くことができる。
- In addition to the executive directors set forth in the preceding paragraph, a part-time executive director may be assigned to the JLSC as an officer.
- 慶長16年(1611年)より京都銀座より座人および常是役人が勤番交代で詰めたという。
- It has been manned in alternate shifts by zajin officers and jouze inspectors from Kyoto-ginza since 1611.
- 徴兵制だった当時の日本において、屯田兵は長期勤務の志願兵制という点でも特殊であった。
- Tondenhei were unique in that they were long-term volunteers in the then Japan under the draft system.
- 江戸幕府の支配下、各藩大名に対して参勤交代を強いたり、築城・治水工事を命じたりした。
- Under the control of the Edo bakufu, all daimyo were obliged to participate in Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and to engage in castle construction and flood prevention works.
- 当初、加賀藩は、彼等の勤皇の志に胸を打たれ、かなりの好待遇をもって迎えたようである。
- At first, the Kaga Domain was impressed by the pro-Imperial thoughts of Tenguto and welcomed them nicely.
- そのエピソードがデーモンがパーソナリティーを勤めるラジオ番組で紹介されたことがある。
- This episode was later introduced in a radio program with Mr. Demon Kogure in the program host.
- 軍学者として近藤勇に重用され、翌元治元年(1864年)には副長助勤として幹部に抜擢。
- He was promoted as a scholar of military science by Isami KONDO, and was selected as one of the executive members as a Fukucho-jokin (assistant vice commander) in 1864.
- 明治5年(1872年)に免官となり、翌年1月、海軍省6等出仕となり軍属として勤める。
- He was dismissed in 1872, and in January of the following year, he began serving in the Ministry of the Navy as a sixth rank navy civilian employee.
- 次第にみきの教えにを従う人の数も増え、元治元年(1864年)、専用に勤め場所を建築。
- The number of her followers gradually increased, and in 1864, she built a place for service.
- 番上(ばんじょう)とは、日本の律令制において雑任などの下級官人が行っていた勤務形態。
- Banjo refers to a working pattern taken by lower-ranking government officials such as Zonin and so on in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.
- 政府や諸官庁に勤めたり、軍人、教員などになる者もいたが、職がなく困窮する例も多かった。
- There were some who started working for the government and government agencies, or who became military men or teachers, but there were many who became impoverished without work.
- 京に到着後、清河が勤王勢力と通じ、浪士組を天皇配下の兵力にしようとする画策が露見する。
- After arriving in Kyoto, KIYOKAWA communicated secretly with imperial loyalist parties, and his scheme to make Roshi-gumi a force under control of the Emperor was discovered.
- 大阪方面へ通勤、通学するため近鉄大阪線を利用する客が多く、朝夕の桜井駅は大変混雑する。
- Since a lot of people commute to Osaka by using Kintetsu Osaka Line, Sakurai Station is very crowded in the mornings and evenings.
- 長年勤務すると一段解放されて雑戸となり、また老年になると良民に解放される場合もあった。
- Those who served for a long period of time were discharged and appointed zahu, and there were even instances in which some were promoted to the class of liangmin in old age.
- 番士は持ち高勤め(足高制による補填がない)であるがだいたい200石高の旗本が就任した。
- The hatamoto with a fief of about 200 koku was installed as banshi, although the installation to banshi was decided by the amount of his fief (the shortfall was not covered by the ashidakasei [a wage system that guaranteed standardized compensation by the Tokugawa bakufu officials]).
- - 参勤交代の制度化、500石以上の大船の建造禁止(商船については1638年に撤回)。
- -Sankinkotai was insituted and the the building of ships more larger than 500 koku was banned (the restriction was withdrawn for commercial ships in 1638).
- 我ら臣下は謹んで天皇の意向を承り、死を誓い、勤勉に従事し、願わくは天皇を安心させよう。
- We subjects will gracefully accept the wish of the Emperor, pledge our lives, engage diligently and make the Emperor feel at ease, hopefully.
- また、諸大名が参勤交代のときに、非常時に対する備えとして駕籠(かご)の中に置いていた。
- Uchine was also equipped in the palanquin for emergencies when territorial lords were on a journey for Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- 團十郎や海老蔵が助六を勤める場合は、この口上は市川宗家の門弟筋にあたる家の役者が行う。
- When Sukeroku is impersonated by Danjuro or Ebizo, Kojo is done by an actor from apprentice families of the head of the Danjuro ICHIKAWA family.
- 勤労参加者には、天皇皇后及び皇太子・同妃より会釈を賜る(面会と挨拶伝達)ことができる。
- The volunteers will be granted bows from the Emperor and Empress as well as the Crown Prince and Princess (a meeting with and greeting to them).
- 次侍従は四、五位で長年の勤務実績がある者が、八省、その他の役所から選抜され任命された。
- Officers who were at the Fourth or the Fifth Rank and had many years of career were selected from the hassho (literally, 'eight ministries,' which is a general term for Ministry of Central Affairs, Ministry of Ceremonial, Ministry of Civil Administration, Ministry of Popular Affairs, Ministry of Military, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of the Treasury, and Ministry of Imperial Household) and other agencies and appointed as associate chamberlains.
- 国衙には、律令の規定に基づいて守・介・掾・目の国司四等官と書記官である史生が勤務した。
- Under regulations of the Ritsuryo codes, the Kokuga employed the kokushi shitokan (four officials of the provincial governor) as follows: Kami (director of the provincial governors): Suke (vice governor of provincial offices, the second ranking government official): Jo (facilities manager, secretary of provincial offices, the third ranking government official): Sakan (clerk of provincial offices, the fourth ranking government official) and a secretary called Shisho (a clerk, a person doing miscellaneous duties on documents).
- 一方で、龍門洞窟 奉先寺の石窟造営の検校(けんぎょう)を勤めるなど、幅広い活動をする。
- On the other hand, he was involved in a wide range of activities such as the supervising of the construction project in a cave at Fengxian Temple at Longmen Grottoes.
- 病院、療養所、診療所等で人事院規則で定めるものに勤務する医師及び歯科医師 年齢六十五年
- Doctors and dentists working at hospitals, sanatoriums, clinics, etc. which shall be provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority -- 65 years of age;
- 次条から第十一条まで及び第十二条第二項に規定する事務 指定法務局等に勤務する法務事務官
- the affairs prescribed in the following Article to Article 11, and Article 12, paragraph (2): an official of the Ministry of Justice who works at the designated Legal Affairs Bureau, etc.; and
- 国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員及び特定独立行政法人の職員に関する特例
- Special Measures Concerning Officials Who Work for a Corporation Operated by the State Performing National Forestry Projects and Officials of Specified Incorporated Administrative Agencies
- こうした状況に疲弊しきった勤務医が、最後にとりうる抵抗手段として辞職を選ぶようになった。
- Exhausted physicians eventually chose to resign out of protest.
- 都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の中心部には大阪市のほか、東大阪市・門真市・守口市が含まれる。
- The central region of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least ten percent of the suburban population commutes to the central city) includes the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma and Moriguchi.
- また、大名・旗本の格式や、参勤交代、手伝い普請などの形で負担すべき軍役の算出基準となる。
- Also, it served as estimation standard to determine social status of daimyo and hatamoto, or military service to be borne such as tetsudai-fushin (construction service which the cost was borne by each domain) or sankinkotai.
- 参勤交代(さんきんこうたい)は、藩の大名を定期的に江戸に出仕させる江戸幕府の制度である。
- Sankin-kotai is one of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)'s system that obligated daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) to reside in Edo periodically.
- 「ウケ」を勤める役者は、金冠に銀の束帯、王子鬘に公家荒と呼ばれる魁偉な青の隈取をつける。
- The actor who plays the role of 'Uke' wears a golden crown, a silver sokutai (traditional ceremonial court dress), oji katsura (a wig of long hair), and a hefty blue Kumadori called Kugeare.
- この頃から再び勤王派の志士が、倒幕完遂の旗印に担ぎ出すべく有栖川宮家に接近を図っている。
- The royalist again approached Arisugawa no Miya urging the overthrow of the bakufu.
- また天武7年(678年)、官人の勤務評定(考)や官位の昇進(選)に関して考選法を定めた。
- In 678, he also set up the promotion system related to service evaluation and rank promotion of government officials.
- その後、1770年(明和7年)藩主の参勤交代について中津に下向した際、長崎へと留学した。
- In 1770, he went down to Nakatsu by joining the head of the domain on his return home for sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and left for Nagasaki to study.
- 寛永12年(1635年)の武家諸法度の改訂では、大名に参勤交代を義務づける規定を加える。
- In the revision of Laws for Warrior Houses in 1635, he added the rule requiring feudal lords to reside in Edo every other year.
- 文久2年(1862年)、勤王倒幕のため京に集結した精忠組内の有馬新七らの一党に参加した。
- In 1862, members of Seichugumi gathered in Kyoto for showing their loyalty to the Emperor and overthrowing the Shogunate, and he joined a party which was organized mainly by Shinshichi ARIMA within Seichugumi.
- には明治天皇の御前で初の天覧歌舞伎を催すという栄誉に浴し、『勧進帳』の弁慶などを勤めた。
- In 1887 he had an honor of holding Tenran Kabuki (Kabuki, the royal family attend to watch) in front of the Emperor Meij, acting Benkei in 'Kanjincho' and so on.
- 以上のような経緯があり、十津川郷士は純粋な勤皇であり、討幕運動の意識は薄かったとされる。
- Totsukawa has the historical background as described above; it is said that Totsukawa goshi was pure pro-Imperial and they did not think about anti-shogunate movement much.
- その時に戦死した高取種佐は、大正8年(1919年)11月、勤皇の功績で正五位を贈られた。
- In November 1919, Tanesuke TAKATORI, who died in this battle, was given the Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) for faithfully serving the Emperor in November 1919.
- 明治維新後の30歳から40代半まで大和国石上神社や和泉国大鳥神社の神官(宮司)を勤める。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he served as the Chief Priest at the Shikigami-jinja Shrine in Yamato and the Otori-jinja Shrine in Izumi, from 30 to his mid 40s.
- 幕末期を舞台に「鞍馬天狗」を名乗る勤王志士の活躍を描いたもので、大衆小説の代表作である。
- The novels, one of the most famous popular fictions in Japan, depicts the activities of a royalist who called himself 'Kurama Tengu' (a long-nosed goblin who lives on Mt. Kurama) at the end of the Edo period.
- 江戸は政治の中心地であり、諸大名の参勤交代をはじめ広く地方の産物や料理法が持ち込まれた。
- Because Edo was placed at the center of politics, many products and cooking methods in areas throughout Japan were gathered there, in addition to the occasions of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) of daimyo (Japanese feudal lords).
- 職員の勤務条件その他職員の服務に関し必要な事項は、人事院規則でこれを定めることができる。
- Necessary matters concerning working conditions of officials and other matters pertinent to their performance of duties may be provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority.
- 12月31日の朝の勤行後に、掃除をして、卓に打敷を掛け、鏡餅を折敷に白紙を敷いて備える。
- After the morning gongyo of December 31, clean up, put the uchishiki over the table, and serve the kagami-mochi putting on the paper spread over the oshiki (tray with folded edges).
- 昭和末期から平成期に入る頃になると、通勤圏が遠方ギリギリにまで拡大する傾向が目立っている。
- In the period from the end of the Showa era to the beginning of the Heisei era, the trend of expanding commutable areas to their widest limit became prominent.
- 通常の時は交代で出勤するが、大名行列などの大通行があるときは全員が詰めることになっていた。
- The staff usually rotated; however when the traffic was heavy for such occasions as daimyo's (feudal lord's) procession, all of them were supposed to be at the office.
- いずれも市川宗家が助六を勤め、河東節で「出端の唄」を語る、『助六由縁江戸桜』の場合である。
- All of the examples are from 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura,' in which the head of the ICHIKAWA family plays Sukeroku with 'Deha no Uta' narrated in Katobushi.
- 助六を勤めるそれぞれの役者とその演目の本外題、および「出端の唄」の浄瑠璃形式は以下の通り:
- The actors that played Sukeroku, the titles of the play, and the forms of the Joruri for 'Deha no Uta' are shown below.
- 第6代将軍御台所近衛熙子とは大石の一族、小山氏が代々近衛家諸太夫を勤める縁戚関係でもある。
- Hiroko KONOE, the sixth shogun midaidokoro (wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman), was a member of the Oishi clan and served as a Tayu (geisha of the highest rank) of the Konoe family to the Oyama clan.
- 当時ワシントンD.C.在勤の日本全権陸奥宗光と、駐米メキシコ公使ロメロとの間で協議された。
- It was negotiated between Munemitsu MUTSU, the Japanese plenipotentiary serving in Washington, D.C. at the time, and Romero, the Mexican Minister to the United States.
- 京都の白山町に住んでいたことから、白山先生と呼ばれており銀座_(歴史)の役人を勤めていた。
- As he had lived in Hakusan-cho, Kyoto, he was called Hakusan sensei (Sir Hakusan), and he worked as a government official in Ginza (an organization in charge of casting and appraising of silver during the Edo period).
- 律令においては、無官の者は散位寮、勲等を有する者は軍団 (古代日本)に勤仕することとされた。
- The statute at the time required that those without a government post must serve in the Sani no ryo (a department for those who held ranks but were not assigned government posts) while requiring those with an order of merit to serve in the military.
- 上田家住宅(重要文化財) - 屋号を「壺屋」といい、今西家・尾崎家と並び惣年寄を勤めていた。
- Ueda Residence (Important Cultural Property): The Ueda family traded under the name of 'Tsuboya,' and worked as sodoshiyori along with the Imanishi and Ozaki families.
- 江戸に出仕(勤)した時は将軍にまみえる(覲)のが通例であるため、参勤は「参覲」とも書かれる。
- Because daimyo serving in Edo were granted an audience with the shogun (覲), '参覲'can be used as well instead of '参勤'.
- 結局のところ鴎外は、同年12月16日に陸軍軍医副(中尉相当)になり、東京陸軍病院に勤務した。
- In the end, Ogai was hired as Guni-fuku of Army (equivalent to lieutenant) to work at Tokyo Army Hospital from December 16 of that year.
- 同年9月 - 明治6年(1873年)、アメリカ合衆国在勤(弁理公使・外務少輔・外務卿代理)。
- He served in the United States (as Third-Rank Envoy, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Deputy Chief of Foreign Ministry) from October 1872 to 1873.
- 山辺郡平等坊(現・天理市平等坊町)の山口氏は奏者番、伏見城番などを勤めた山口直友の裔である。
- The Yamaguchi clan in Byodobo, Yamabe County (present Byodobo-cho, Tenri City) was a descendant of Naotomo YAMAGUCHI who assumed the post of sojaban (an official in charge of the ceremonies) and guard of Fushimi-jo Castle.
- 参勤交代を行う交代寄合を除く旗本・御家人は、江戸に定住して征夷大将軍に仕えたため定府である。
- Hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate) except kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors) who performed Sankinkotai were Jofu because they lived permanently in Edo and served seii taishogun.
- 14日・15日の朝夕、16日朝の勤行は、土香炉に燃香したのち、火舎香炉(金香炉)に焼香する。
- In the gongyo of the morning and evening of the 14th and 15th, and also for the morning of the 16th, do nenko in the dogoro and then do shoko in the kashagoro or the kanagoro.
- 小泉政権がすすめてきた医療費削減政策の結果、日本の勤務医の労働環境は悪化の一途をたどってきた。
- As a result of the Koizumi administration's medical expenditure reduction policy, working conditions for public practice physicians grew steadily worse.
- 新選組とは佐幕と勤王倒幕で袂をわかっただけに、新選組の襲来を恐れていつも刀を抱いて寝たという。
- Goryo-eji broke ranks with Shinsengumi because they were Kinno-Tobaku, people loyal to the emperor with an aim to overthrow the shogunate government, and Sabaku, the Bakufu supporters; which allegedly caused Goryo-eji to always carry swords with him while he slept in case he was ever raided by the Shinsengumi.
- また、村役人を勤める百姓を大前百姓、そのような役職に就かない百姓を小前百姓と呼ぶようになった。
- Hyakusho who held the position of a village officer were called omae-byakusho (wealthy farmers), whereas hyakusho who did not hold such a position were called komae-byakusho (small farmers).
- そして平家は京の内裏警護の為に、おそらくは国衙を通じて、諸国の武士の在京勤務、大番役を始める。
- Furthermore, the Taira family performed duties in Kyoto and Obanyaku (a job to guard Kyoto) of bushi of various provinces perhaps through kokuga in order to guard dairi (Imperial Palace) of Kyoto.
- 幕末の京都は政局の中心地となり、尊皇攘夷や勤皇等の思想を持つ諸藩の浪士が潜伏して活動していた。
- Kyoto at the end of the Edo period was the center of political power struggles, and ronins (masterless samurai) from different feudal clans who held such ideas as 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' and imperialists were active behind the scenes.
- 京都守護職であった会津藩の京都における勤王・倒幕浪士の捕殺や、庄内藩による薩摩藩邸の焼き討ち。
- The catching and killing of loyal and leaderless warriors by the Aizu Domain in charge of the Kyoto Shugoshoku; burning down of the Satsuma Domain residence in Edo.
- また、へたれ(鳴物を演奏するためにだけ寄席に出勤する落語家)もいると思われるが、定かではない。
- There are also hetare (rakugoka who only come to work at the yose to play musical instruments), which is not clear.
- また、無類の尊皇家であり、皇族が観劇に訪れた際は、病気休演中を押して舞台を勤めることもあった。
- Also, he enthusiastically paid reverence to the emperor so when the Imperial family attended Kabuki, he once performed in spite of the fact that he was absent from the stage due to illness.
- 天和 (日本)1年(1681年)に奏者番兼寺社奉行に就任し、貞享2年(1685年)まで勤める。
- He served as sojaban and jisha-bugyo from 1681 to 1685.
- 維新後の篠原は、伊東一派の新選組加盟の目的を、新選組を勤王に衣替えするためだったと語っている。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Shinohara said that the Ito group joined Shinsengumi to make Shinsengumi change into loyalists to the Emperor.
- 新選組が函館市で降伏する前に離隊し、維新後は京都の菊浜小学校の用務員を勤め、1896年に退職。
- He left the Shinsengumi before it surrendered in Hakodate City, and after the Meiji Restoration he worked as a janitor at Kikuhama Elementary School in Kyoto and retired in 1896.
- 近衛府・兵衛府・衛門府が陣座(じんざ、杖座(じょうざ)とも)に詰めて交替で上番・勤務を務めた。
- Officers of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), Hyoefu (Headquarters of the Middle Palace Guards), Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) stood by in Jinza (court, also referred to as Joza) to work on rotating shifts.
- - それまで隔年交代制であった大名の参勤交代を三年に一度に改め、江戸在留期間も100日とした。
- The Sankin-kotai that required the daimyo to reside in Edo every other year was changed to every three years and the residence period in Edo was shortened to 100 days.
- さらに下地本人にも制裁を加えようとしたが、勤務先が警察関係だけに実行に移すことができなかった。
- They also wanted to punish Shimoji himself, but could not do it since he was working at the police station.
- 慶長11年(1606年)駿府城普請の命を受け、同年6月20日、勤めの褒賞として御書を給わった。
- In 1606 he received a decree to build Sunpu Castle and on June 20 the same year, received an meritorious service award certificate.
- 文久元年(1861年)には武市が結成した土佐勤皇党に加盟して、本格的に志士活動を展開し始める。
- In 1861, he joined the Tosaginno Party that TAKEICHI had formed, taking an active part in its political activities.
- 明治24年(1891年)、警視庁を退職し、その後は東京高等師範学校などに警備員として勤務した。
- In 1891, he retired from Keishi-cho and then worked as a security guard at Tokyo Higher Normal School, etc.
- 前項第一号の基準は、勤続期間、勤務能率その他勤務に関する諸要件を考慮して定められるものとする。
- The standards set forth in item 1 of the preceding paragraph shall be determined after taking into consideration length of service, efficiency of service and other service-related requirements.
- 新選組は局長を頂点に副長が補佐し、以下に副長助勤・監察方(諜報)・勘定方(会計)などを配置した。
- Shinsen-gumi was headed by a Commander who was supported by a Vice Commander, and under them were such functions as: Fukucho Jokin (Assistant Vice Commander), Kansatsu Gata (intelligence), Kanjo Gata (accounting), etc.
- 器量が悪く遊女として売り出せない者や、年季を勤め上げた遊女が務め、マネージャー的な役割を担った。
- Girls not pretty enough to be courtesans, or courtesans who had finished their serving years, became banto shinzo and played a manager-like role.
- 家伝によれば、大蔵流は14世紀に後醍醐天皇の侍講を勤めていた比叡山の学僧・玄恵法印を流祖とする。
- According to the family record, Gene Hoin, a scholar monk of Mt. Hiei was the founder of the Okura school, who was a Jiko (teacher) of the Emperor Godaigo in the 14th century.
- 宝生座は多武峰や春日大社(若宮祭)、興福寺(薪猿楽)に参勤し、代々の宝生太夫は室町幕府に仕えた。
- The Hosho-za worked for shrines and temples on Mt. Tonomine, the Kasuga Taisha Shrine (at Wakamiyamatsuri Festival), and Kofuku-ji Temple (at Takigi-Sarugaku, an outdoor sarugaku play performed during the night), and every generation of Tayu HOSHO served the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 泰子もそれに応え、長姉として頼長をよく庇護し、鳥羽院と忠実・頼長父子の交流の絆となるよう勤めた。
- Taishi responded to Tadazane's request, she supported Yorinaga very well as his older sister, she also tried to become the key connection between Toba in and father and son, Tadazane and Yorinaga.
- 新平は日本のボーイスカウト活動に深い関わりを持ち、ボーイスカウト日本連盟の初代総長を勤めている。
- Shinpei became the first chairman of the Boy Scouts of Nippon, and deeply engaged in the development of Boy Scout culture and its activities in Japan.
- 1870年、大学大丞として大学南校物産局勤務の時、田中芳男(幕府使節としてパリ万博参加)と再会。
- In 1870, when he was working for Bussan-kyoku (Domestic Products Research Center) of Daigaku Nanko (predecessor of the University of Tokyo) as Senior Secretary of Universities, he met Yoshio TANAKA again (who had participated in the Paris Universal Exposition as an envoy of the shogunate).
- 慶応3年(1867年)、軍賦役兼勤となり、長崎と鹿児島を往復して、軍艦の買い付けなどに当たった。
- In 1867, he was placed in charge of military preparation as well, and traveled back and forth between Nagasaki and Kagoshima, purchasing warships.
- 父吉郎右衛門は千人もの門人を抱える神道夢想流杖術の遣い手で役務に精勤して士分取り立てられている。
- His father, 吉郎右衛門, was a master of Shinto Muso-ryu Jo-jutsu (Shinto Muso school of martial art with a short staff) and had one thousand disciples, but was promoted to samurai class, since he through hard work and dedication to his duties.
- 明治15年(1882年)7月 - 明治17年(1884)9月、オーストリア在勤(特命全権公使)。
- Kagenori served in Austria from July 1882 to September 1884 as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
- 更に宝永元年(1704年)には参勤交代における供奉者・人馬利用・宿泊に関する道中規制が出された。
- Furthermore, regulations on accompanying people, usage of a man or a horse, and accommodation during sankinkotai were established in 1704.
- 沖永良部島に遠島されたときに西郷と知遇を得た書家であり、西郷没後に遺族の扶養に勤めた人物である。
- He was a chirographer who was in Saigo's favor when he was exiled to Oki-no-erabujima island, and he supported the bereaved after his death.
- 4月11日に江戸城無血開城が成立すると江戸を脱走し、歳三は秋月登之助率いる先鋒軍の参謀を勤めた。
- On April 11th, when evacuation of Edo Castle without bloodshed succeded, Toshizo escaped from Edo and acted as a staff officer of the vanguard army led by Noborinosuke AKIZUKI.
- また、伊勢神宮や伊勢観光のガイドも勤め、参拝の作法を教えたり、伊勢の名所や歓楽街を案内して回った。
- Onshi also worked as a guide for visiting the Ise-jingu Shrine and sightseeing in Ise, and taught the peasants how to offer prayers and took them around famous places and entertainment districts in Ise.
- 文化3年(1806年)には若年寄、文化9年には西丸側用人、文政1年(1818年)には老中を勤める。
- He served as wakadoshiyori in 1806 and Nishinomaru sobayonin (grand chamberlain in the Nishinomaru) in 1812 and roju in 1818.
- 定府(じょうふ)とは、江戸時代において参勤交代を行わずに江戸に定住して征夷大将軍に仕える者をいう。
- Jofu is a person in the Edo period who lived permanently in Edo and served seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdued the barbarians') without performing Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- 慶喜と春嶽は文久の改革と呼ばれる幕政改革を行ない、京都守護職の設置、参勤交代の緩和などを行なった。
- Yoshinobu and Shungaku directed a reform of the Shogunate known as the Bunkyu Reform that included installation of The Office of Kyoto Protector (Kyoto Shugoshoku) and relaxation of Sankin Kotai requirement.
- これは、代演要員として寄席に出勤するというもので、抜いた落語家の穴が埋まらない時に高座に上がれる。
- He comes to work at the yose as a substitute, and he can perform on the stage when a vacancy for an absent rakugoka is not filled.
- 定信は中山愛親・正親町公明らの公家に処分を下し、また九州で活動していた勤皇家の高山彦九郎を処罰した。
- Sadanobu reprimanded the nobles, including Naruchika NAKAYAMA and Kinaki OGIMACHI, as well as punishing Hikokuro TAKAYAMA, an imperialist who was active in Kyushu.
- その後、反乱軍側の内部分裂と顔真卿・顔杲卿たちに代表される勤皇軍の奮戦・ウイグルの援兵などがあった。
- Later, there was a series of unrest, such as the internal rift within the rebel army, struggle by the imperial army represented by Shinkei GAN and Kokei GAN, as well as reinforcement troops sent from the Uighurs.
- 特に生鮮食料品(鮮魚も含む)は真夜中の通関を許すほどの気の使いようで、関所では頻繁に夜勤をしていた。
- In particular, the government was so conscious of fresh foodstuffs (including fresh fishes) that government-controlled gates were opened even in the midnight for them, and therefore, personnel at these gates often worked throughout the night.
- この解釈に従えば、竜田山の件があった後、夫は宮廷勤めの為都にいってしまい、そのまま音沙汰がなくなる。
- According to this interpretation, the husband goes to the capital for court duty after the incident of Tatsuta-yama Mountain, and is not heard from again.
- また北辰一刀流の千葉栄次郎の道場(お玉が池の千葉道場)に入門し、剣術修行の傍ら勤皇志士と交友を結ぶ。
- And he entered Eijiro CHIBA's dojo (Chiba Dojo in Otamagaike) of Hokushin-Itto school and made friends with loyal supporters of the Emperor while practicing swordsmanship.
- 父・吉弘は大蔵省に勤務後内務省 (日本)に転じ大久保利通、伊藤博文らのもとで中央の官吏として務めた。
- His father Yoshihiro was transferred to the Ministry of Interior from the Ministry of Finance, and worked as a central government official under the supervision of Toshimichi OKUBO and Hirofumi ITO.
- 各地の小芝居を勤めたのち、昭和8年 (1933) に市川右團次 (2代目)に入門、市川右升を名乗る。
- After playing as an actor of Koshibai in various places, he became a disciple of Udanji ICHIKAWA (the second) in 1933 and changed his stage name to Usho ICHIKAWA.
- 兄の当たり役『与話情浮名横櫛』(源氏店)の与三郎を勤めれば、外見は兄譲りながら科白が重々しくて不評。
- When acting Yosaburo in 'Yohanasake Ukinano Yokogushi,' from which his brother gained a reputation, he received a bad reputation because of his heavy speeches, although his performances had something in common with his brother's.
- 天誅組の挙兵に際して淡路の大地主・勤皇家古東領左衛門は財産を全て処分し天誅組の軍資金として供出した。
- When Tenchu-gumi raised an army, Ryozaemon KOTO, a large landowner and an imperialist from Awaji got rid of all his property and contributed the money to Tenchu-gumi as war funds.
- これに対して、藩主の参勤交代と共に、在所に帰還する者は、江戸詰めと呼ばれ、定府とは分けて考えられた。
- On the other hand, someone who returned to his hometown when the lord of domain performed Sankinkotai was called Edo-zume (working in Edo) and distinguished from jofu.
- 半年後、下士は武市瑞山をリーダーに土佐勤王党を結成し、龍馬は9番目に加盟した(土佐では加盟第1号)。
- Six months later, the lower-rank samurai formed Tosa Kinnoto making Zuizan TAKECHI the leader, and Ryoma became the ninth member (the first member in Tosa).
- 前項の規定は、政府又はその機関と外国人の間に、個人的基礎においてなされる勤務の契約には適用されない。
- The provision of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to contracts between the government or governmental institutions and foreign nationals concluded on an individual basis.
- 第十二条第一項及び第三項並びに第十三条第一項に規定する事務 本店等所在地法務局等に勤務する法務事務官
- the affairs prescribed in Article 12, paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), and Article 13, paragraph (1): an official of the Ministry of Justice who works at the Legal Affairs Bureau, etc. with Jurisdiction over the Location of the Head Office, etc.
- しかしながら、受領の勤務評定は非常に厳しく、あまり苛烈な租税収奪は行なわれなかっただろうとされている。
- However, the performance review of Zuryo was very severe, so it is thought that they were unable to impose taxes that were overly harsh.
- 三人の登場人物が出てくるが、この三人を一人の役者が早替わりで勤めるというのも繰り返しとられる形である。
- There are three characters, and in many cases the same actor plays the role of the three characters by hayagawari (quick change in roles).
- 幕府に従順な大名に対しても参勤交代などで常に財政を圧迫させ幕府に反抗する力を与えることを許さなかった。
- The bakufu financially oppressed even daimyo obedient to the bakufu, for example, with the Sankin-kotai system (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), not to allow them to have the power to resist the bakufu.
- 江戸に出て蘭学を学び、薩摩藩主島津斉彬の侍医となったが、斉彬の死後に藩を離れて幕府の蕃書調所に勤める。
- After having studied Western learning in Edo, he served as an attendant doctor to the lord of the Satsuma Domain, Nariakira SHIMAZU, however, he left the domain and served as an assistant teaching staff at Bansho shirabesho (one of the forerunner organizations of Tokyo University in Edo) after Shimazu's death.
- 1908年に俳優養成所勤務の前澤誠助と結婚し、1909年、坪内逍遥の文芸協会演劇研究所第1期生となる。
- She remarried Seisuke MAEZAWA who was working for an actors' training institute in 1908 and became a member of the inaugural class of the dramatic workshop of the literature association established by Shoyo TSUBOUCHI in 1909.
- そこで、平時は江戸城に配置されている各門の警護、征夷大将軍外出時の警備、江戸城下の治安維持等を勤めた。
- Therefore, it usually served as a guard placed for each gate around the Edo-jo Castle, a guard of shogun when going out, maintenance of security of the Edo castle town, and so forth.
- この日も恒例の勤労奉仕団への会釈(挨拶)を行なう予定だったが、その準備をしている時に発作を起こし、急逝。
- Even through her last day, the Empress Teimei planned to engage in the established practice of the eshaku (salutation, greeting) ritual to labor service groups, but had an attack of angina pectoris while she was preparing for the practice, and then suddenly passed away.
- 一方、大名(特に外様大名)は参勤交代で隔年に領地に入るので、領地にアイデンティティを持つ傾向が強かった。
- However, the daimyo (especially the tozama daimyo (nonhereditary feudal lords)) tended to have a sense of identity in their lands because they visited the places due to sankinkotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo) every other year.
- 1331年の元弘の乱以降、後醍醐天皇に対して忠勤を励み、南北朝分裂後も一貫して南朝 (日本)側に仕えた。
- After the Genko War in 1331, he showed loyalty to Emperor Godaigo and after the split of the the Northern and Southern Courts, he consistently worked for the Southern Court.
- 同12年(1635年)の武家諸法度で参勤交代が法制化された際にはあわせて大名行列の従者制限が定められた。
- When Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) was established in Buke Shohatto (code for the warrior households) in 1635, the number of followers of Daimyo-gyoretsu (feudal lord's costumed procession) was limited as well.
- 安政4年(1857年)4月、参勤交代の帰途に肥後国熊本藩の長岡監物、津田山三郎と会い、国事を話し合った。
- In April 1857, he met Sanzaburo TSUDA who had the position of Nagaoka Kanbutsu in the domain of Kumamoto on the way home from Sankin-kotai (the daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo), and they talked about national affairs.
- また、鎌倉幕府の御成敗式目には第1条に神社の修理と祭祀の専念、第2条に寺塔の修造と仏寺の勤行を定めている。
- Article one of the Goseibai shikimoku of the Kamakura bakufu stipulated repairing shrines and devotion to religious services, and Article two stipulated repaiing and rebuilding of pagodas in the temples and religious services at the temples.
- 幕末に活躍した人びとには、勤皇方、幕府方を問わず、下級藩士・郷士・町人など軽輩階層出身者であった者が多い。
- Many of people who played active roles at the end of the Edo period, whether pro-imperial or pro-shogunate, came from these derogatory class such as lower-rank samurai, country samurai, merchants.
- 参勤交代で江戸に単身赴任する各藩の家臣はかなりの数に上り、この結果、江戸の人口の約半数が武士となっていた。
- Because a large number of vassals of each clan went to Edo leaving their families in their domains owing to sankin-kotai, warriors accounted for about half the population in Edo.
- 星野とは、文部省勤務ながら、この前年モーリス・ルブランの『怪盗紳士ルパン』を初めて邦訳した保篠龍緒である。
- This Hoshino is the same Tatsuo HOSHINO that first translated Maurice LEBLANC's 'Arsene Lupin, Gentleman Cambrioleur' the year before while still working for the Ministry of Education.
- 遂に手不足から役を勤めることが不可能となっため、子の岑男の代からは下掛宝生流に転じ、同流はここに廃絶した。
- Since the family finally became unable to take part in Noh plays due to a shortage of performers, they joined in the Shimogakari Hosho school during the time of Mineo, a son of Takeo, and this school eventually became extinct.
- 利休切腹の後に、徳川2代将軍徳川秀忠の茶湯の師範を勤め、小堀政一をはじめとする諸大名にも茶の湯を伝授した。
- After Rikyu's death by ritual suicide, Oribe FURUTA was appointed master of the tea ceremony for the second Tokugawa shogun, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, and instructed various daimyo (feudal lords), including Masakazu KOBORI.
- 最後の藩主である第12代藩主・大村純熈が藩主に就任した時代は幕末であり、藩論は佐幕と勤王に大きく分かれた。
- Sumihiro OMURA became the 12th and last lord in the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate when opinion in the domain was largely divided between support for the Bakufu and support for the pro-imperialists.
- 毎年の参勤交代こそしないものの、松井家当主および徳川将軍の代替わりに際しては江戸に出府して将軍に拝謁した。
- They were therefore exempt from the Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo); however, they were obliged to go to Edo and meet the shogun on the accession of a new head of the Matsui family or a new Tokugawa shogun.
- 嘉永7年(1854年)17歳で四段となり、この年に本因坊塾頭の岸本左一郎帰郷により、代わって塾頭を勤める。
- When Shuho was 17 years old in 1854, he became 4-dan and served as jukuto (school manager) to take over Saichiro KISHIMOTO as he returned to his hometown.
- 叔父と母が病院に勤める関係者であったことから、周囲から(特に父から)将来は医者になることを期待されていた。
- Because his mother and uncle worked at a hospital, he was expected by those around him, especially his father, to become a doctor one day.
- 眼病で片目を失明、眼帯をかけながら舞台を勤めていたが、病状は快方に向かうことなく力尽きてしまったのである。
- He was acting on the stage with a patch over one blind eye because of eye disease, and died without seeing any improvement in the condition.
- 常勤形態を取る長上に対して、非常勤の交替勤務の形態を番上と呼び、この形態で勤務していた官人を分番と呼んだ。
- As opposed to Chojo (full-time working pattern), a part-time and shift working pattern was called Banjo, and officials taking this working pattern were called Bunban (shiftwork).
- 中川は文部省官僚として日本女子大学校創立事務幹事嘱託を勤め、同校設立を積極的に後援した西園寺公望を助けた。
- As an official of the Ministry of Education, NAKAGAWA served as the executive secretary of the foundation secretariat of the Japan Women's University on non-regular bases, and supported Kinmochi SAIONJI who actively backed the establishment of the university.
- 兵庫県の丹波市や周辺市町村からの通勤や買い物客も多く、舞鶴都市圏と並んで北近畿の中心的な都市圏となっている。
- The Fukuchiyama Urban Area, which has many commuters and shoppers from Tanba City in Hyogo Prefecture and its surrounding municipalities, has become the leading urban area in the Northern Kinki region with the Maizuru Urban Area.
- 市川團十郎 (12代目)が助六を勤めた舞台では、そのほとんどで市川段四郎 (4代目)がこの口上を行っている。
- For most of the program in which Danjuro ICHIKAWA XII impersonates Sukeroku, Danshiro ICHIKAWA IV performs Kojo.
- 昭和の当主・三条西公正は、実践女子大学教授などを勤める一方、御家流香道宗家として香道の復興・発展に尽力した。
- The family head in the Showa period was Kimimasa SANJONISHI, who worked as a professor at Jissen Women's University and dedicated considerable effort to restoring and nurturing the art of fragrance as the head house of the Oie-style art of fragrance.
- 明治4年(1871年)福岡藩知事(後に福岡県知事・県令)を勤め、贋札事件の余波で混乱する福岡をよく治平した。
- In 1871 he became the governor of the Fukuoka Domain, (later called the governor of Fukuoka Prefecture, kenrei) and he governed Fukuoka well after the disturbance of the Nisesatsu affair (fake money affair).
- 有栖川宮家は歴代、書道・歌道の師範を勤めて皇室の信任篤く、将軍家とも婚姻関係を結び、公武ともに密接であった。
- Arisugawa no miya had taught calligraphy and poetry to succeeding generations and had the trust of the Imperial Family; additionally, he had a close relationship with shogun families as there was a marriage relationship between them and they were close to both court nobles and samurai families.
- 明治維新が成ると官職を辞して、1869年には築地の洋風旅館、築地ホテルに勤め、西洋野菜の栽培などを手がける。
- Having left the government post after the Meiji Restoration, he worked for Tsukiji Hotel, a Western-style Japanese hotel, and cultivated Western vegetables.
- 父は内務省 (日本)勤務の田村保永、伯父は貴族院 (日本)議員でシーメンス事件での弾劾演説で知られる村田保。
- Yasuhisa's father was Yasunaga TAMURA who worked at the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs, and his uncle (parent's older brother) was Tamotsu MURATA who was a senator of the House of Lords and known for his impeachment address against Yamamoto's Cabinet which was allegedly involved in the Siemens scandal.
- また、諸藩の藩士(将軍の陪臣)は、その江戸藩邸に常勤している者(あるいは江戸常勤の家柄の者)を定府と呼んだ。
- And, as for feudal retainers of domains (baishin [indirect vassal] of shogun), someone who worked at edohantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) on a full-time basis (or someone whose family member worked in Edo on a full-time basis) was called jofu.
- 隊士が増え手狭になったこともあるが、西本願寺は勤王の色濃く、長州藩毛利家と関係が親密な寺であったためである。
- The reason was not only because Mibu was too cramped as the members grew in number, but also because West Hongan-ji Temple had strong loyalty to the Emperor and had close relationship with the Mori family of Choshu Domain.
- 父の死という強烈な実感のおかげで目が覚めた「私」は母を連れて上京し、文壇を去って今の役所に勤めだすのだった。
- Coming to my senses thanks to the overpowering reality of my father's death, I went back to Tokyo with my mother and left literary circles to start my job at the government office where I remain employed at present.
- 彼らは、滝口(北面武士)を勤めた後、宮中の警護にあたる蔵人、京市中の警察である検非違使などの武官に任じられた。
- After serving as takiguchi (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side), they were appointed to military officers such as kurodo (chamberlain) to guard inside the Imperial Court and kebiishi (police and judicial chiefs) to serve as police for the city of Kyoto.
- 承平 (日本)年間 (931年 - 938年)、勤子内親王の求めに応じて源順(みなもとのしたごう)が編纂した。
- In the Johei era (in Japan) (931 - 938), MINAMOTO no Shitago compiled it at a request of Imperial Princess Isoko.
- また京都方面への通勤、通学客も見られ、京都まで直通列車がある大和八木駅へ行くため近鉄大阪線を利用する客も多い。
- Others commute in the direction to Kyoto and many use Kintetsu Osaka Line to go to Yamato-Yagi Station, where they can go directly to Kyoto.
- 明治維新で朝廷権力が復活したために、各地で勤皇の神社が建立され(湊川神社もこの頃)、天皇陵が各地で定められた。
- Since the power of the imperial court was restored by the Meiji Restoration, pro-Imperial shrines were built in various places (for example, Minatogawa-jinja Shrine was also built at around this time), and Imperial mausoleums were authorized in various places.
- また、参勤交代やお手伝い普請で多くの諸大名が街道筋の宿屋・旅籠に泊まったため、経済の流通が活発化したのである。
- In addition, as many feudal lords stayed at inns and taverns along main roads on the way to Edo for the alternate-year residence obligation or the site of construction work under the shogunate order, the economic circulation was activated.
- しかし、明治維新には隠居した勝進と当主である勝知が勤王と佐幕に別れ対立し、居城の結城城を奪い合うことになった。
- However, during the Meiji Restoration Katsuyuki, who had already retired, and the family head, Katsutomo, were divided between the Kinno (showing support to the Emperor) and the Sabaku (supporters of the Shogun); fought over Yuki-jo Castle, the castle where they resided.
- 元徳川幕府御家人で維新後にイギリス公使館に勤めていた敬之助(後に純(きよし))の長男として東京高輪に生まれる。
- He was born in Takanawa, Tokyo as the first son of Keinosuke (later Kiyoshi), a former shogunal retainer who worked for the British Legation after the Meiji Restoration.
- 最近の研究では実際には性格は粗く酒色を好んだとされ、殊に晩年は土佐勤王党の仲間からさえ疎まれていたようである。
- According to recent studies, he was in fact rough, and loved sake and women; especially in his later years, he was treated coldly even by his comrades of the Tosa kinnoto.
- 1974年、京都南座で片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)の『堀川波鼓』で母おぎんを勤めた後は、特に老女役が多くなった。
- He mainly played the roles of elderly women after the role of a mother Ogin, a role of 'Horikawa Nami no Tsuzumi' (a Kabuki program based on Joruri [dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment]), which was presented at Kyoto Minamiza Theater in 1974 by starring Nizaemon KATAOKA (the thirteenth).
- 結局、西郷たちの工作は失敗し、幕府から逮捕命令が出された勤王僧月照を薩摩へ逃そうとするが、藩情が一変して難航。
- Eventually, Saigo and other members' efforts failed and Kuniomi tried to release the Imperial loyalist priest Gessho,who had been given an arrest order, to Satsuma, however the situation in the domain completely changed and things became difficult.
- 第二次大戦前は、清麻呂は楠木正成などとならぶ勤皇の忠臣と見なされ、紙幣(ろ拾圓券)に肖像(想像)が印刷された。
- Before the World War II, Kiyomaro was considered as one of the Emperor's faithful servants comparable to Masashige KUSUNOKI, and his image was printed on a bill ('ro' ten yen bill).
- 「江戸の将軍」に対して「駿府の大御所」として実権を掌握し続けて幕府の制度作りに勤めた(大御所政治と呼ばれる)。
- Then he was called 'Ogosho in Sunpu' for 'Shogun in Edo,' and, continuing to hold real power, made efforts to establish the bakufu system (called 'Ogosho politics').
- 嘉応元年(1169年)11月の八十嶋祭で高倉天皇は重盛の六波羅邸から出立し、重盛室の経子が勅使役を勤めている。
- During the Yasoshima-sai festival in November 1169, Emperor Takakura left Shigemori's residence in Rokuhara, and Shigemori's wife Keishi served as an imperial messenger.
- 序文を書いている藪野椋十とは、当時の啄木の勤務先である東京朝日新聞で社会部長を務めていた渋川玄耳のことである。
- The preface of this book was written by a person named Mukuju YABUNO, which was actually the pen name of Genji SHIBUKAWA, a city news editr at Tokyo Asahi shinbun-Newspaper where Takuboku was working at that time.
- その中で通勤率が最も高い自治体は奈良県生駒市の47.6%であり、最も低い自治体は奈良県天理市の10.0%である。
- In those cities, the municipality with the highest commuting rate is Ikoma City of Nara Prefecture at 47.6 percent, while the lowest is Tenri City of Nara Prefecture at 10 percent.
- また土佐藩では武市瑞山が率いる土佐勤王党(前年に藩執政吉田東洋を暗殺)が弾圧され尊攘勢力は次第に後退していった。
- Sonno-Joi forces gradually waned in the Tosa clan as the Tosakino Party, a loyalist clique of Tosa led by Zuisan TAKECHI, was suppressed (Toyo YOSHIDA, an administrator of the clan, was assassinated the year before).
- 第一銀行石巻支店に勤務していた父・直温の任地、宮城県石巻市に生まれ、3歳より上京し祖父母のもと東京で育てられた。
- Naoya was born in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, where his father Naoharu worked at the First Bank's Ishinomaki Branch; he came to Tokyo when he was three and was raised by his grandparents.
- 昭和18年頃より予備工事が始まり、19年から近隣の勤労奉仕や朝鮮人を動員して急速設営された柳本飛行場で開かれた。
- The preliminary construction was started around 1943, and the Corps was started at Yamagimoto Airport, which was rapidly constructed by volunteers and Koreans in the neighborhood in 1944.
- 1944年10月7日、いつものように自宅から立命館大学に出勤した中川は、午後5時すぎまで大学で事務にあたり帰宅。
- On October 7, 1944, Nakagawa, who left home to go to Ritsumeikan University as usual, worked at the office until after 5 o'clock and returned home.
- わずかな従者しか与えられなかった小碓命は、まず叔母の倭姫命が斎王を勤めていた伊勢国へ赴き女性の衣装を授けられる。
- Ousu no Mikoto, with only a few servants, first went to Ise Province where his aunt Yamato Hime no Mikoto had been serving as the high priestess and he was given some female clothing.
- 安政元年(1854年)、上書が認められ、斉彬の江戸参勤に際し、中御小姓・定御供・江戸詰に任ぜられ、江戸に赴いた。
- In 1854, the memorial to the throne was approved, and on the occasion of Edo-sankin (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo), he was appointed to the positions of Chuo-kosho to fulfill general duties, Jo-otomo (permanent attendant), and retainer in Edo, and went to Edo.
- 作業は、できる限り、受刑者の勤労意欲を高め、これに職業上有用な知識及び技能を習得させるように実施するものとする。
- Work shall, on the best effort basis, be implemented so as to encourage sentenced persons to work and so as to help them acquire vocationally useful knowledge and skills.
- また、土佐藩士の殿を勤めた安藤鎌次の奮戦もあり、結局、新選組は8人の土佐藩士のうち5人を逃してしまうことになった。
- Kamaji ANDO, who fought as a rear guard of the Tosa retainers put up a fight and Shinsengumi ended up losing five out of the eight Tosa retainers.
- この事は、容堂が藩内の勤皇志士を弾圧する一方で朝廷に奉仕し、かつ幕府にも良かれという行動を取ったことから来ている。
- This was because of Yodo's attitude in which, although he oppressed kinno (勤皇) activists within his clan, he served the Imperial Court and at the same time took actions for the benefit of Bakufu.
- 参勤交代制度の目的は、諸大名に出費を強いることでその勢力を削ぎ、謀反などを起こすことを抑止するためだったとされる。
- The sankin-kotai system reportedly aimed to curb daimyo's power for uprisings or rebellious acts by putting financial burdens on them.
- 特に二代目團十郎のファンだったことから、彼の勤める舞台ならどんなに客入りの悪い興行でもチケットを買い上げてくれた。
- As he was a patron of Danjuro ICHIKAWA II among other actors, he bought all the tickets for the play of Danjuro ICHIKAWA II even though it had a small attendance.
- 慶応3年(1867年)、大隈重信と脱藩し、勤王の志士として活動するが、捕らえられて佐賀に送還され謹慎処分を受ける。
- In 1867, along with Shigenobu OKUMA he abandoned his domain and was active in the Shishi movement that promoted the sonno joi doctrine and loyalty to the emperor, but he was apprehended and sent back to Saga to serve house arrest.
- 国府には国司の他、史生、国博士、国医師、徭丁などの職員が勤務しており、小国で数十人、大国では数百人の人数規模だった。
- In addition to Kokushi, there were various staff such as Shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties about documents), Kunihakase (teacher of Japanese classical literature), Kuniishi (local governmental doctor) and Yocho (laborer), whose numbers reached several dozens for small provinces and several hundreds for large province.
- (上方落語から身を引いてヘルスセンターに社員として勤務していたが、その舞台に自ら上がるなど、何かしら芸はしていた。)
- (He resigned Kamigata Rakugo and worked for a health center as an employee, but he performed somehow, for example on the stage there.)
- この傾向は同じく脇の仕手を勤めた子長俊にも受けつがれ、『正尊』『江野島』などより視覚に訴える平明な作が多く作られた。
- Such tendency was succeeded by Nagatoshi (Nobumitsu's son) who also acted as waki no shite and wrote many plain works that appealed to the eye including 'Shozon' and 'Enoshima.'
- 舒明天皇8年(636年)に官人の勤務制度について大臣 (日本)の蘇我蝦夷に下記の意見をだしているが、無視されている。
- In 636, he provided the following idea about government officials working system to a minister SOGA no Iruka, but Iruka ignored it.
- 関西風の鰻屋が存在した理由は参勤交代で江戸までお供した職人や料理人がそのまま江戸に定住しそこで商いを始めたとされる。
- The reason why the Kansai-style eel restaurants existed was that the artisans and cooks, who came to Edo because of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords during the Edo period were required to spend every other year residing in Edo), settled in Edo, and began their trade.
- 明治2年(1869年)に生育方に付くが同年9月に廃止され、義兄の熊二や父の実家西山家の周旋で沼津勤番組に配属される。
- In 1869 he was to be attached to the Seiikugata (生育方), but it was abolished in October of the same year, and at the recommendation of his bother-in-law Kumaji and his father's house, the Nishiyama family, he was assigned to the Numazu Kinbangumi.
- 参勤交代制度は、8代将軍・徳川吉宗のときに財政窮乏を理由に部分的緩和が行われた時期を除き、江戸時代を通じて堅持された。
- The sankin-kotai system was firmly maintained throughout the Edo period except during the era of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the eighth Shogun, when the regulations were partially relaxed because of financial difficulty.
- 六代目菊五郎から、尾上松緑 (2代目)、尾上梅幸 (7代目)を経て尾上菊五郎 (7代目)と、音羽屋三代の相方を勤める。
- He played the roles of aikata (key supporting role) for three generations of Otowaya's star actors: Shoroku ONOE (the second), Baiko ONOE (the seventh), and Kikugoro ONOE (the seventh).
- 大観は、熱烈な勤王派であった父・捨彦、思想家としても著名であり国粋主義者とも称された師・岡倉天心の影響を色濃く受けた。
- Taikan was strongly affected by Sutehiko, his father and an ardent loyalist, and his teacher, Tenshin OKAKURA, who was well known as a thinker and was characterized as an ultranationalist.
- 早稲田大学非常勤講師の佐藤能丸は、このことが今日に至るまで大隈の全集が発行されていない遠因となっていると指摘している。
- Yoshimaru SATO, a part-time teacher at Waseda University, pointed out that this was an underlying cause of why Okuma's library had not been published until the present day.
- 文武に優れた梶原景時は鎌倉幕府侍所別当として御家人たちの行動に目を光らせ、勤務評定や取り締まりにあたる目付役であった。
- Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was excellent both in literary and military arts, worked for the Kamakura bakufu as an administrator of the Board of Retainers while keeping an eye on the gokenins' activities for their performance review, as well as for law and order.
- この法律において「職員団体」とは、職員がその勤務条件の維持改善を図ることを目的として組織する団体又はその連合体をいう。
- The term 'employee organization' as used in this Act shall mean an organization which is formed by officials for the purpose of maintaining and improving their working conditions or a federation of such organizations.
- これらは、家老と言えど大名と同等の格式を与えられ、主家の参勤交代随伴時においても、大名並みの格式と威光を放ったとされる。
- It is said that these Karo officers were given a status equivalent to that of daimyo: for example, even in when travelling with the family they served for Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) they were granterd the status and prestige equivalent a daimyo.
- 参勤は一定期間主君(この場合は征夷大将軍)のもとに出仕すること、交代は暇を与えられて領地に帰り政務を執ることを意味する。
- Sankin means that daimyo served for the lord (Seii-Taishogun [literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians] in this case) for a certain period, while kotai means that they returned to their domains on leave to attend to government affairs there.
- 丹波栗はたびたび幕府や朝廷への献上品としても重宝され、江戸時代になると参勤交代制度により全国に広まったのが起こりである。
- The Tanba chestnut was often used as a tribute to the bakufu and imperial court; it gained nationwide popularity due to the system involving the alternating residence by daimyo in Edo during the Edo period.
- 明治期には郷土史家により勤皇家や郷土の英雄として信玄像を位置づけることを目的とする研究や、戦史中心の研究が行われていた。
- During the Meiji period, researchers of local history conducted the study mainly on war history with the aim of characterizing Shingen as an imperialist or a local hero.
- 「会津 新選組隊長 近藤勇」「勤勉 努力 活動 発展」と墨書されているが、一説には、周平が落書きしたものとする説がある。
- The words written with a brush are '会津 新選組隊長 近藤勇' (Aizu Shinsengumi Commander Isami KONDO) and '勤勉 努力 活動 発展' (diligence, effort, activity and development), which, according to one view, was written by Shuhei.
- 受領の勤務評定である受領功過定を10年も通らなかったのは当時の制度にそった処置であり、義家だけがそうであった訳ではない。
- The fact that Yoshiie did not pass the zuryo-kokka-sadame, which was required to receive estates from the Imperial Court, for ten years was a norm and in accordance with policy back then, and Yoshiie was not the only one faced with this problem.
- その後、後方勤務につき、平家の有力な将軍クラスが死去すると、それに次ぐ位置にあった彼が将軍クラスに上昇したことがわかる。
- Later, he was assigned to base, and we can see that when the powerful figure of the Taira family passed away, he was promoted to the rank of shogun from the position just below it.
- 職員の執務については、その所轄庁の長は、定期的に勤務成績の評定を行い、その評定の結果に応じた措置を講じなければならない。
- The work performance of officials shall be periodically evaluated by the head of the government agency employing that official, who shall take appropriate measures as may be called for by the findings of the evaluation.
- 江戸時代には宮中で雑用を勤めた「稚児」の正装であり、江戸時代後半には多くの公家は元服の時童直衣を用い、加冠後衣冠に替えた。
- In the Edo period it was the official costume of 'Chigo' (a page) who did routine work in the Imperial Palace, in latter half of the Edo period, many court nobles wore Warawa noshi for the coming-of-age ceremony and they changed to ikan (traditional formal court dress) after wearing the crown.
- 久安6年(1150年)正月4日、近衛天皇は摂関家の本邸・東三条殿で元服の式を挙げ、藤原忠通が加冠役、頼長が理髪役を勤めた。
- On January 4, 1150, Emperor Konoe performed the Genpuku Ceremony (Coming-of-age ceremony) at Higashi Sanjo dono (palace), the main palace of the clan (family) eligible for regents; FUJIWARA no Tadamichi played the role of crowning, while Yorinaga played the role of hair cutting.
- 定子の母貴子は円融天皇朝に掌侍を勤めて高内侍と称された人で、女ながらに漢文を能くし、殿上の詩宴にもに招かれるほどであった。
- Teishi's mother, Kishi, served as Naishi no jo (looking after the sacred sword and jewels) of Emperor Enyu and was known as Ko no naishi due to her mastery of Classical Chinese, which was rare for a woman and led to her being invited to the poetry parties at the imperial palace.
- しかし、幕末に至っても両家による全国編成は完了せず、百姓身分のまま神職を勤める '百姓神主' がかなりの割合で存在していた。
- However, nationwide organization by the families did not end even at the end of the Edo period, and there was a significant proportion of 'hyakusho priests,' who served as Shinto priests while staying at the farming rank.
- 加賀藩は天狗党の行動は単に勤皇の志に動かされてのものであり、寛大な処分を願うとの嘆願書を幕府に提出し、彼等の助命を願い出た。
- The Kaga Domain submitted a petition to the bakufu and pleaded to give them generous punishment and save their lives since Tenguto acted the way they did by their pro-Imperial thoughts.
- 秋田師範学校卒業後、1885年綴子(つづれこ)小学校の主席訓導(実質的には校長)を勤めた後、1887年(明治20年)に上京。
- After graduating from Akita Normal School, Konan started working as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) of Tsuzureko Elementary School in 1885, and came up to the capital, Tokyo in 1887.
- (明治3年10月25日の大久保から岩倉具視あての書簡には郷を「断然免職か転勤ニならす」と名指しで明記されているほどである。)
- (In OKUBO's letter dated October 25, 1870 to Tomomi IWAKURA, OKUBO pointed his finger at GO and mentioned, 'I shall dismiss him from the office or transfer him.')
- 事件発生から半年ほど経過しても、なお解決の糸口さえ見つからないのを憂慮した清末藩主・毛利元平は吉元と共に江戸に参勤していた。
- Motohira MORI, the lord of the Kiyosue domain, who had worried about the situation that even a clue to a solution was not found in almost half a year after the incident occurred, stayed in Edo together with Yoshimoto in the Sankinkotai system (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- 9月16日(18日説アリ)、嶋原の角屋で宴会をした芹沢、平山、平間重助(芹沢の門人で副長助勤)は夜中に屯所の八木家に帰った。
- On September 16 (September 18, according to another account), Serizawa, Hirayama and Jusuke HIRAMA (Serizawa's disciple who held the office of assistant deputy leader) attended a party at Sumiya in Shimabara, and came back to the residence of the Yagi Family, where they quartered.
- 前二項の規定は、臨時的職員その他の法律により任期を定めて任用される職員及び常時勤務を要しない官職を占める職員には適用しない。
- The provisions in the preceding two paragraphs shall not apply to temporary officials or other officials appointed with a term of office which is provided for by law, and officials who hold government positions not requiring full-time service.
- 浜の真砂と石川五右衛門が、歌に残せし盗人の、種は尽きねえ七里ヶ浜、その白浪の夜働き、以前を言やあ江ノ島で、年季勤めの稚児ヶ淵、
- Hama no masago to goemon ga, uta ni nokoseshi nusutto no, tane wa tsukinee shichirigahama, sono shiranami no yobataraki, izen o iyaa enoshimade, nenkizutome no chigogafuchi (As Goemon ISHIKAWA's death poem says, there are innumerable thieves in this world like sand of Shichirigahama beach, and I am one of the thefts who once was a page boy working as apprentice at Enoshima Island.)
- その成果は当時竹内が勤めていた五島美術館の展覧会「山上宗二記 天正十四年の眼」(1995年)などを通じて一般に公開されている。
- The product of the research has been open to the public on many occasions, including the exhibition titled 'YAMANOUE no Soji ki, the eye in the 14th year of the Tensho era' (1995) held at The Gotoh Museum, where Takeuchi was working at the time.
- 佐伯 又三郎(さえき またさぶろう、生年不詳 - 文久三年8月10日 (旧暦)(1863年9月22日))は、新撰組の副長助勤。
- Matasaburo Saeki (year of birth unknown – September 22, 1863) was a Fukucho jokin (assistant vice commander) of Shinsengumi (a special police force of the late Tokugawa shogunate period).
- しかし、総攻撃が開始された5月7日、最激戦となった天王口で先陣を勤めていたのは家康であり、名誉回復を果たすことはできなかった。
- However, on May 7 when an all-out attack was launched, it was Ieyasu that led the van at Tennoguchi which was the site of the hardest-fought battle, and Hidetada was not able to restore his impaired reputation.
- あと、「十三回忌」は、十二支が一巡する事をもとに勤めると考え「二十五回忌」は、十二支が二巡したとも五十回遠忌の半分とも考える。
- The jyusankaiki may also be considered one round of jyunishi (twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac) and the nijjyugokaiki (the 24th anniversary of one's death) two rounds or half of the gojyukai onki (the 49th anniversary of one's death).
- 現在では滋賀県の住民が琵琶湖線や湖西線などを利用して京都市へ多く通勤・通学しており、一体的な都市圏(京都都市圏)を形成している。
- A lot of residents in Shiga Prefecture commute to Kyoto City using Biwako Line or Kosei Line and so on, which results in forming a unified urban area (Kyoto urban area).
- 薩長中心の明治新政府が成立すると、太平洋戦争の戦前までは皇国史観の元、勤皇志士の敵である新選組は悪役として扱われる事が多かった。
- After the establishment of the New Meiji Government, in which men from the former Satsuma and Choshu Clans played leading roles, and before the Pacific War, Shinsen-gumi, which had been opposed to the Imperial loyalists, was seen as the enemy in many cases, based on the historical view that Japan was a country developing under the rule of the Emperor.
- 幕府の各大名の支配方法として、参勤交代と御手伝いの義務のほか、将軍の娘をもらったり息子を養嗣子としたり、お金を貸し与えたりした。
- The shogunate government controlled feudal lords (daimyo) by various means, such as the alternate-year residence system in Edo (sankinkotai) and compulsory service in construction work, but in another occasion through the marriage with a daughter of the shogun or adoption of a son of the shogun and loaning.
- 文明5年(1473年)3月、吉崎で親鸞の『正信念仏偈(正信偈)』「三帖和讃」を開版し、門徒たちの朝夕の勤行に用いるよう制定した。
- In March, 1473, he released Shinran's 'Sanjo Wasan' from 'Shoshin nembutsuge (Shoshinge),' and he established the practice of his disciples using it during the morning and evening devotional exercises.
- 1192年(建久3年)法然が大和国八道見仏の発願により八坂引導寺で別時念仏を修する際、遵西は住蓮とともに六時礼讃を勤行している。
- In 1192 when Honen, at the wish of a Buddhist priest named Hachido Kenbutsu of the Yamato Province, dedicated Betsuji nenbutsu (practices in which ascetics chant the name of the Buddha and give invocation of the Buddha's name on a fixed date and time) at the Yasaka Indo-ji Temple, Junsai, together with his fellow priest Juren, was engaged in devotional exercises of Rokuji raisan (devotional exercises where Buddhist priests pray to the Buddha at six in the morning and the evening).
- 幕末の頃になると京都では尊皇攘夷を叫び、幕府に反対する勤王・倒幕の志士による天誅・商家への押し込みや強盗などの騒乱が横行しだした。
- At the end of Edo period, in Kyoto, riots started to prevail as though they were punishments from heaven, burglaries of merchant residences, and robberies by zealous supporters of imperialism and the shogunate-overthrowing philosophy that advocated reverence for the Emperor and expulsion of the barbarians and those who opposed the bakufu.
- 京阪に近い南部(大津市・草津市・甲賀市など)は文化的に京阪の影響を強く受け、現在は通勤圏として「滋賀府民」の多い地域となっている。
- The southern part (including Otsu, Kusatsu, and Koga Cities), which is close to Kyoto and Osaka, has been culturally influenced by Kyoto and Osaka, and since a lot of people commute to Kyoto and Osaka from this part, they are called 'Shiga Fumin' (those living in Shiga but spend most of their time in Kyoto or Osaka).
- 例えば、天保12年(1841年)の紀州徳川家11代藩主徳川斉順の参勤交代では、武士1639人、人足2337人、馬103頭を擁した。
- For example, the sankin-kotai carried out by Nariyuki TOKUGAWA, the eleventh lord of the Kishu Tokugawa Family in 1841 consisted of 1639 warriors, 2337 laborers, 103 horses.
- 芸を競い合う仲だった中村吉右衛門 (初代)が勤める松蔵とのやりとりは、名調子の台詞もあいまって火花を散らすような凄さだったという。
- Kikugoro was in competence with Kichiemon NAKAMURA I who performed Matsuzo, and combined with the lines made up of the famous meter, their exchange was so extreme as though they were having a big argument.
- 「母方の祖父は兄弟共に脱藩して新選組に加はり、時代の流れに抗して勤王黨を斬つて斬りまくつた反動の壮士であつた。」等と記載している。
- Satomura wrote, 'The brothers, who were equivalent of my maternal grandfathers, were all impetuous reactionaries who left their clan, joined Shinsengumi and killed and killed a number of loyalists against the current of the times.'
- 志賀直哉の祖父・直道は、旧相馬中村藩主相馬氏の家令を勤め、古河財閥創始者古河市兵衛と共に足尾銅山の開発をし、相馬事件にも係わった。
- Naoya SHIGA's grandfather, Naomichi SHIGA, served as a butler of the Soma Clan, the lord of the former Soma- Nakamura Domain; he developed Ashio Copper Mine together with Ichibe FURUKAWA, the founder of Furukawa Zaibatsu, and was involved in the Soma Incident.
- また、普段、自分の家や勤務先では大人しいが、旅行先、買物先などで自分が客の立場になると急に威張りだすような場合を「外弁慶」と呼ぶ。
- On the contrary, a person who is generally low-key at home or at work but suddenly begins to act like a tyrant once he is in a position of a customer while sightseeing or shopping may be called 'Soto-Benkei' (Benkei when outside).
- 委員長に事故がある場合の第二項の規定の適用については、第七条第四項の規定により委員長の職務を代理する常勤の委員は、委員長とみなす。
- In applying the second paragraph above in the event that the chairperson is incapacitated, the full-time member representing the chairperson's duty pursuant to the provision of paragraph (4) of Article 7 shall be deemed as the chairperson.
- 最初の6条は「神社仏寺」(宗教関係)、次の4条は「過差停止」(奢侈禁止)、最後の1条は「公事催勤」(政務励行)についての規定である。
- The first six clauses are rules about '(Shinto) shrines and (Buddhist) temples' (relations with religions), the next four clauses are about 'kasateishi (prohibition of the luxury beyond one's means or position)' and the last clause is about 'strict enforcement of government affairs.'
- 内規に反した等として粛清された者は相当数にのぼり、一説には勤皇志士との斬りあいで死亡した者より、粛清で落命した者の方が多いともいう。
- Significant number of men were purged on such grounds as violating internal rules, etc., and according to one view, more men lost their lives through such purges than through fighting with Imperial loyalists.
- 慶長5年(1600年)に関ヶ原の戦いで徳川家康が勝利して覇権を確立すると、諸大名は徳川氏の歓心を買うため江戸に参勤するようになった。
- After Ieyasu TOKUGAWA won the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and attained supremacy, various daimyo started to make their pilgrimage to Edo to gain the Tokugawa clan's favor.
- 川越城将を勤め18万石を治めた大道寺政繁の次男大道寺重直が、北条氏滅亡後に加賀国前田氏を経て松平忠吉に2000石で仕えたのに始まる。
- After the fall of the Hojo clan, Shigenao DAIDOJI, the second son of Masashige DAIDOJI who worked as the top at Kawagoe-jo Castle and governed 180 thousand koku crop yields, served the Maeda clan of Kaga Province and then began to serve Tadayoshi MATSUDAIRA with two thousand Goku crop yields.
- この後、大番頭座書役となり、7年間勤めたが、この間幾度か藩主に拝謁する機会も得、精勤振りを認められ、褒賞として金130両を下賜された。
- After that, he became a clerk at the treasury, and while he had served for seven years, he had several chances to have an audience with the domain lord, and was awarded 130 ryo of gold as special compensation for his diligence.
- その他にも享保6年(1721年)には参勤交代の供奉者を禄高別に規制した他、天保7年(1836年)には前述の道中取締触書の改正を行った。
- In addition, the bakufu regulated people accompanying sankinkotai based on rokudaka (stipend) in 1721, and revised Dochu Torisihari Furegaki mentioned above in 1836.
- 実業界に転じ、加島屋(現在の大同生命)の再興に尽力したほか、大阪堂島米穀取引所監査役、朝日生命保険株式会社副社長を勤めるなど活躍した。
- He then entered the business world and actively dedicated himself to reconstructing Kashimaya (present Daido Life Insurance Company), as well as, taking charge of the auditor of Dojima Rice Exchange, Osaka, and the vice president of Asahi Life Insurance Company.
- 本書は、伊予吉田藩にて御殿医を勤めた平住専安(生年不詳 - 享保19年8月7日(1734年9月4日))が、正徳_(日本)年間に著した。
- The book was written in the Shotoku (Japan) era by Senan HIRAZUMI (year of birth unknown, died on September 4, 1734) who served as a family doctor to the lord of the domain of Iyo-Yoshida.
- すべて職員は、国民全体の奉仕者として、公共の利益のために勤務し、且つ、職務の遂行に当つては、全力を挙げてこれに専念しなければならない。
- Every official, as a servant of all citizens, shall serve the public interest, and exert his/her utmost effort in the performance of his/her duties.
- すべて職員の任用は、この法律及び人事院規則の定めるところにより、その者の受験成績、勤務成績又はその他の能力の実証に基いて、これを行う。
- Appointment of any official shall, pursuant to the provision of this Act and rules of the National Personnel Authority, be made entirely based on the result of his/her examination and the merit of his/her performance of duties or other demonstrated abilities.
- 友愛会京都支部の支部長を務めた高山義三(たかやま ぎぞう、のちの京都市長)は、1年間志願兵として軍隊勤務に従事し、1920年に除隊した。
- Gizo TAKAYAMA (later the Mayor of Kyoto City), who worked as the manager of the Kyoto Branch of Yuai-kai, served in the army as a volunteer for one year and left the army in 1920.
- また同じく江戸で益田勤斎が初期江戸派の流れを汲みながら古法を守り、創意を加えた作風でその子益田遇所とともに浄碧居派と称する一派を成した。
- Also in Edo, Kinsai MASUDA revived the early Edo school, keeping the old style and adding his originality, and established the Johekikyo school with his son, Gusho MASUDA.
- 昭和24年 (1949) 1月、東横劇場で道玄を勤めていた菊五郎は眼底出血で倒れ、再起できぬまま死去、これが図らずも最後の舞台となった。
- In January 1949, Kikugoro who was performing Dogen at Toyoko Gekijo Theater collapsed due to a hemorrhage in the eyeground, and died without making comeback on stage; this was his last performance.
- 1879年3月10日、明治天皇が「勤倹の聖旨」を公布して政府の財政路線を批判し、続いて元田に「教学聖旨」を執筆させて教育政策を批判した。
- On March 10, 1879, the Emperor Meiji published 'Imperial Thoughts on Diligence and Thriftiness' to criticize the government's financial policy and also ordered Motoda to write 'Imperial Thoughts on Education' to criticize its education policy.
- 「此所を能く呑込んで、金銀は命を救ふ第二番の物なることを知て米穀を第一、金銀を第二と心得て、平日食糧になるべき物を蓄ふることを勤むべし」
- You should understand that rice is the most important, and gold and silver are the second for surviving and try hard to store everyday food,'
- しかしその後、勤務校の紀要を除けば、学術雑誌や学会発表などの手段によって主張する過程を踏むことが少なくなり、学界からの反応がなくなった。
- Afterwards, aside from the annals of the school in which he was working, he publicized his opinions by means of learning journals or conference presentation less often than before, receiving no feedback from academic society.
- 中央集権制における地方政治は、各地に設置された役所やそこに勤める官吏が、中央政府から委譲された一定の権限を行使することによって行われる。
- Under the centralized authoritarian rule, each local government office and the officials working there executed the authority devolved from the central government to run the local government.
- 新選組は助勤、監察など職務ごとに系統的な組織作りがなされ、頂点は局長であるが、実際の指揮命令は副長の歳三から発せられるようになっていた。
- Systematic structure by each duty such as Jyokin, Kansatsu, etc., of Shinsen-gumi was formed, and while the Head of the organization was the commander, the actual directing orders were given by Toshizo, the vice commander.
- 登記所における事務は、登記官(登記所に勤務する法務事務官のうちから、法務局又は地方法務局の長が指定する者をいう。以下同じ。)が取り扱う。
- The affairs of a registry office shall be handled by a registrar (meaning a person appointed by the Director of the Legal Affairs Bureau or District Legal Affairs Bureau from among officials of the Ministry of Justice who work at the registry office; the same shall apply hereinafter).
- 72時間連続の当直明け勤務など、労働基準法に違反する長時間労働を強いられている病院の医師が、待遇が改善されずに絶望して辞職することを指す。
- It refers to hospital doctors who, forced to work long hours which violate Labor Standards Law such as working continuous 72 hour shifts, despair at the lack of improvement in working conditions and resign.
- 衣冠は、本来、宮中に於ける宿直用の装束(とのいぎぬ)であったが、宮中での勤務服として定着するにつれ、束帯は儀式に用いる儀礼的な服となった。
- Ikan (traditional formal court dress) was originally a costume for night duty (called tonoiginu) in the Imperial Court, however, it started to take root as a working costume in the Imperial Court, then sokutai became to be worn as a formal costume in ceremonies.
- 民部省に勤めたのち、明治6(1873)年には、ウイーン万国博覧会に副総裁として出席する佐野常民(日本赤十字社の創設者)の書記官として随行。
- After working for Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs), he accompanied Tsunetami SANO (the founder of the Japanese Red Cross Society) as a secretary when Sano attended the world exposition in Vienna as a vice-president.
- もっとも同書は皇国史観に伴って幕末勤皇志士が持てはやされた大正10年(1921年)に記された本であり、いささか美化された感もあるとされる。
- It must be added that there was a bit of a sense of glorification, for this book was written in 1921, a time when loyal supporters of the Emperor at the end of the Edo Period were extolled owing to the historical view that Japan was peerless as a country under the eternal reign of a ceaseless line of 'living-god' emperors.
- 土佐藩では吉田東洋暗殺・京洛における一連の暗殺について土佐勤王党の同志がことごとく捕らえられ、上士格の武市瑞山を除いて厳しい拷問を受けた。
- In the Tosa Domain, all his comrades of the Tosa kinnoto were arrested for the assassination of Toyo YOSHIDA and the series of assassinations that took place in the capital Kyoto, and with the exception of Zuizan TAKECHI, who was a Joshi (superior warrior) rank, they underwent severe torture.
- この中で明治維新を内外の危機的状況で国民の活力が発揮された「乱世的革命」と位置づけて王政復古史観や佐幕・勤皇・藩閥論に対して強く批判した。
- In this book he fiercely criticized the theories valuing the restoration of imperial rule, as well as, the supporters of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the pro-imperial, and the domain clique, positioning the Meiji Restoration as 'the revolution in a revolutionary time,' and in this revolution the citizens themselves demonstrated their vitality, facing at the critical situations within and outside of the country.
- それでも、受領を勤めると多大な蓄財ができたといわれ、蓄財によって上流貴族へ私的に奉仕し、受領の座を確保しようとする中流貴族は少なくなかった。
- Still, it is said that they could accumulate great wealth once they worked as Zuryo, and quite a number of middle class nobles served the upper class nobles privately by providing them with a substantial financial contribution in order to keep the position of Zuryo.
- 慶長の頃の記録であるが、諸大名が参勤交代や旅行で駕籠を用いるときに、非常時に対する備えとして、打根を駕籠の片隅に立てて乗ったといわれている。
- According to the records from the early 1600s, uchine were equipped for emergencies in the corner of palanquins used by feudal lords when on Sankinkotai or when traveling.
- 古市家は初め200石、2世宗庵は加増されて300石、以後8世宗安まで茶道頭を勤めるが天保3年(1832年)に不行跡により知行召し上げとなる。
- The Furuichi family was primarily in possession of a fief yielding 200 koku (crop yield), and the second head, Soan had the fief increased to 300 koku, and the following heads till the eighth head, Soan, served as chadogashira (a director in charge of maintaining tea utensils and performing the tea ceremony for a shogunate and domains); however Soan's misconduct caused the family's enfeoffment to be confiscated in 1832.
- また、婚約の勅許を下した仁孝天皇は、「水戸は先代以来、政教能く行われ、世々勤王の志厚しとかや、宮の為には良縁なるべし」と満足したといわれる。
- When the Emperor Ninko gave permission for the marriage, he was satisfied with it, saying as following: 'Because the Mito Domain have been dedicated to both religions and politics since the period of their predecessors, and have been highly loyal to the emperors for generations, this marriage should be good for the Princess.
- 1万5000石...大関増勤(黒羽藩主)、徳川慶勝・徳川慶成(名古屋藩主)、前田慶寧(金沢藩主)、浅野長勲(広島藩主)、戸沢正実(新庄藩主)
- 15,000 koku... Masutoshi OZEKI (the lord of Kurobane Domain), Yoshikatsu TOKUGAWA and Yoshinari TOKUGAWA (the lords of Nagoya Domain), Yoshiyasu MAEDA (the lord of Kanazawa Domain), Nagakoto ASANO (the lord of Hiroshima Domain), Masazane TOZAWA (the lord of Shinjo Domain)
- その割に、朝晩の通勤時間帯には、加佐地区と西舞鶴地区とを結ぶメイン道路である国道175号線が頻繁に渋滞するため、それを避けるための往来が多い。
- On the other hand, traffic jams occur frequently on National Route 175, the main road that connects Kasa and Nishi-Maizuru regions, resulting in many that try to avoid the route and use the road at the mountain pass instead.
- また、正重は文明開化とともに衰微する一方であった京都の民間芸能の保存にも熱心で、祇園祭の長刀鉾の稚児の世話役や壬生狂言の維持会長などを勤めた。
- Masashige was also keen on preserving folk performing arts in Kyoto that had been declining along with the progress of civilization and enlightenment and he took care of children who joined and rode the Naginata (long-handled sword) float in Gion Festival and served as chairperson of the preservation committee of Mibu Kyogen (pantomime performed in Mibu-dera Temple).
- 明治維新後、岩松氏、由良氏ともに新田姓に復し新田氏嫡流をめぐって争い、岩松氏が新政府から新田勤皇党の功績を認められて嫡流とされ男爵に叙された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, both the Iwamatsu clan and the Yura clan returned to a family name of Nitta, and competed over the main branch of the Nitta clan, then the Iwamatsu clan was recognized its achievement of Nitta kinnoto (loyalist clique of Nitta) by the new government, and was regarded as the main branch and conferred a title of baron.
- 軍事貴族たちはこのようにして受領を勤めた後、再び別の国の受領となったり、あるいは衛門府尉や刑部省丞などの武官的な官職に補任されることが多かった。
- After serving as zuryo as described above, military aristocrats often became zuryo of other provinces or were appointed to be military officers such as emonfu jo (lieutenant at the outer palace guard headquarters) and senior or junior secretaries of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice).
- 良港の有無・鉱山の有無・江戸までの参勤交代の距離、商業の発達に伴う税の徴収などを総合的に判断しないと、諸藩の実際の実力は、把握できないと云える。
- It can be said that in order to understand the actual power of domains, comprehensive judgment is required based on whether there are good ports or mines, the distance of Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo), tax collection according to the development of commerce, and so on.
- 江戸時代になると、江戸幕府の置かれた江戸には、各藩・将軍家の旗本屋敷(江戸屋敷)が置かれ、ここに在勤した家老を江戸家老・江戸詰家老などと呼んだ。
- After the Edo period began, residences of domains and of Hatamoto (retainers) of the shogun family were placed in Edo where the Edo bakufu was located, and the Karo officers who worked in these residences were called Edo-garo or Edozume-garo.
- その後現在に至るまで最も多くの興行でこれを勤めているのは代々の十寸見河東とその弟子たち、いわゆる「河東節連中」(かとうぶし れんじゅう)である。
- Kato MASUMI and his disciples called 'Katobushi renju' had performed the accompaniment in most stages from that period until the present for successive generations.
- 享保12年(1727年)、江戸中村座の『国性爺竹抜五郎』(こくせんや・たけぬき-ごろう)において市川團十郎_(2代目)が勤めた曾我時致が初出か。
- The first performance was presumably Tokimune SOGA in 'Kokusenya Takenuki Goro' (Coxinga and Bamboo-Uprooting Goro) played by Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the second) at Edo Nakamura-za Theater in 1727.
- また、大阪市への通勤では近鉄京都線に乗り、新田辺駅(京田辺市)から徒歩連絡するJR片町線(京田辺駅)の快速電車に乗り換えて大阪市へ向かう客も多い。
- Additionally, many commuters to Osaka City take the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, connecting on foot from Shin-tanabe Station (Kyotanabe City) to Kyotanabe Station to take a rapid train on the JR Katamachi Line to Osaka City.
- 極官は参議止まりであったが、西洞院家の女子の多くは後宮に勤め、歴代の当主の多くは日記を記しており、当時の公家社会の様子を知る手がかりとなっている。
- Although the highest office achieved was Sangi, many women of the Nishinotoin family worked in the kokyu (empress's residence) and many generations of the family heads left diaries, valuable records of kuge society in each generation.
- 始め宮中に仕え勾当内侍を勤めていたが、大奥「大奥総取締」・右衛門佐局の紹介で貞享年間(1684年 - 1688年)に江戸へ下向して大奥上臈となる。
- She first served in the Imperial Court as a Koto no naishi (a court noble lady) and then went to Edo to become a Joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court) by introduction of Uemon no suke no tsubone, a head of O-oku (the inner halls of Edo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) in Jokyo era (1684-1688).
- (1)代々同じ家が就任する世襲名主制、(2)一年ごとに交代する年番名主制、(3)その中間型(世襲ではないがある者が複数年勤める形)の3つがあった。
- There were three selection procedures for the position: (1) the Heredity Nanushi system would require the legacy in a member of the same family having successively assumed an office in a Nanushi or Shoya position; (2) the Nenban Nanushi system required a yearly family rotation; (3) the final procedural type was a hybrid of the former two (This type was not heredity, but certain persons served in the position for several years).
- 政景は京都にも在住し、鎌倉幕府・六波羅探題へ忠勤を励み、正応元年(1288年)、新たに備前国裳懸荘(岡山県瀬戸内市邑久町虫明)の地頭職を得ている。
- Masakage also lived in Kyoto, diligently served Rokuhara Tandai (the office of shogunal deputy in Kyoto placed by the Kamakura shogunate) and newly won the title of Jitoshiki (manager and lord of manor) for Mokake-sho Manor in Bizen Province (today's Mushiake, Oku-cho, Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture) in 1288.
- この人物は7世紀後半の学者官僚で『律令』選定、史書編纂に係わり皇太子学士を勤め、『壊風藻』に神仙思想を基にした漢詩を残す当代一級の知識人であった。
- He was regarded as the greatest intellectual of the day, and was a scholar and government official in the late 7th century, selecting 'Ritsuryo' (a kind of law), being involved in the compilation of history books, working as Kotaishigakushi (an official in charge of the education of the Crown Prince), and who left Chinese poems based on concepts of Taoist immortality in 'Kaifuso' (Fond Recollections of Poetry).
- また、昼間に勤務などで葬儀に参列できないなどで、近親者以外は通夜のみ出席をし、葬儀には出席しないのが一般的な地域もある(北海道の一部の地域など)。
- There are regions, such as in some parts of Hokkaido, where it is common for non-family members to attend only the tsuya and not the funeral as it is more difficult to attend funerals because of work.
- その結果36人余の集団となった壬生浪士組は、京都守護職・松平容保より、主に尊攘激派(勤王倒幕)浪士達による不逞行為の取り締まりと市中警護を任された。
- As a result, Mibu Roshi-gumi became a group of about 36 men, and was assigned by Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto Shugoshoku, to control lawless acts by Sonno-joi extremists (loyalists aiming for overthrow of the shogunate), and guard in the city of Kyoto.
- 江戸時代初期にはこのほかに伏見城と駿府城の警護に当たっっていたが、伏見在番は伏見廃城により、駿府在番は書院番が勤めることになり、それぞれ廃止された。
- In the early Edo period, in addition to Nijo Castle and Osaka Castle, oban guarded Fushimi Castle and Sunpu Castle; however, the guard of Fushimi Castle and Sunpu Castle were abolished because Fushimi Castle was razed and the guard of Sunpu Castle was taken over by shoinban.
- あまつさえ、豊臣秀頼を大和郡山に転封の上、将軍家に毎年参勤、高台院を人質に江戸にさし交わすこと、さもなくば攻めほろぼすとの無理難題を突きつけている。
- In addition, he made an unreasonable demand for the transfer of Hideyori TOYOTOMI to Yamatokoriyama, annual sankin (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo), and offering Kodaiin to Edo as a hostage, intimidating to attack the family otherwise.
- またこれに先立って前年に雑戸とともに解放された馬飼に対して雑徭に替わってそれに相当する日数を馬寮にて交替勤務するようにとした太政官符が出されている。
- This order followed Daijokanpu (the official documents of the Daijokan, the office of the supreme political leader) issued in the previous year, which required umakai liberated together with zakko to work the shift at Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) for the number of days equivalent to that of, and in place of, zoyo.
- 島津宗家と対立していた忠国は『島津家文書』などで「兇徒」「賊徒」などと記されているが、明治になって南朝への忠勤が認められ、従三位の位が贈られている。
- Tadakuni, who opposed to the Shimiazu Soke family, was described as 'vicious clique' or 'bandit' in 'the archives of the House of Shimazu', but after the Meiji period he was given the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) for his loyalty to the Southern Court.
- その内容は陸海軍の組織と編制などの制度、および勤務規則の設定、人事と職務の決定、出兵と撤兵の命令、戦略の決定、軍事作戦の立案や指揮命令などの権である。
- The contents of the power are to establish a regulation of organization or reorganization of the Army-Navy or the working regulations, to decide the personnel affairs and duties, to command dispatch and withdrawal of troops, to decide a strategy, to plan the military operation and to supervise and command.
- この規定では国の正丁人口の三分の一が軍団に勤務することになるが、実際の徴兵はこれより少なかったようで、一戸から一人が実情ではないかとも考えられている。
- Under this statute, one third of the population of Seitei in the nation was obliged to work in Gundan, but the actual number of soldiers inducted seemed to be smaller than that, and it is considered that, in fact, one Seitei was inducted from one Ko (smallest organization unit in provincial administration).
- 『今より以後、卯の始めに朝りて、巳の後に退でむ。因りて鐘を以て節とせよ』(官人たちの出士・退出時間があいまいなので、鐘で勤務時間をはっきりとさせよう)
- 'From now on, work should start before 6:00 am and finish after 10:00 am, and a bell should be rung at the start and end of work' (since the working hours of government officials were unclear, the sound of a bell let them know the start and finish time)
- 家康は、非常時に皇室を守るため、京都に近い彦根に代々勤皇の家柄である井伊家を配したと伝えられ、これを見ても徳川家から強い信頼を受けていたと考えられる。
- It is said Ieyasu put the Ii clan, which had been a pro-Imperial family for generations, in Hikone near Kyoto to protect the Imperial family in times of emergency, which suggests that the Ii family had gained the strong confidence of the Tokugawa clan.
- この年には後嵯峨天皇が践祚し、後嵯峨院政時代に院近臣として公事勤務を行い、『経俊卿記』『葉黄記』などに宮中行事や行幸への参仕などの記事が散見している。
- In this year, when Emperor Gosaga ascended to the throne, he served as the courtier of the retired emperor and carried out political operations and ceremonies of the Imperial Court, and there are some records about court functions and imperial visits in 'Tsunetoshi kyo ki' (Diary of Lord Tsunetoshi) and 'Yoko ki' (Leaf yellow record),
- 「孝・忠節・和順・友愛・信義・勤学・立志・誠実・仁慈・礼譲・倹素・忍耐・貞操・廉潔・敏智・剛勇・公平・度量・識断・勉職」の20の徳目が掲げられている。
- Twenty different virtues given in this book are as follows: filial piety (koko), loyalty (chusetsu), docility (wajun), friendship (yuai), fidelity (shingi), industriousness (kingaku), concentration (risshi), sincerity (seijitsu), benevolence (jinji), politeness (reijo), austerity (kanso), perseverance (nintai), chastity (teiso), uprightness (renketsu), agility (binchi), bravery (goyu), fairness (kohei), generosity (doryo), discernment (shikidan) and diligence (benshoku).
- 佐竹氏全盛期の佐竹義重 (十八代当主)・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)時代には和田昭為、一門筋に当たる人見藤道とともに佐竹家の三家老を勤めた小貫頼久を輩出する。
- During the days of Yoshishige SATAKE (the 18th head of the family) and Yoshinobu SATAKE (master of the Western Capital Offices) at the height of its prosperity, the Onuki clan produced Yorihisa ONUKI, who assumed office as one of the three chief retainers of the Satake family together with Akitame WADA and Fujimichi HITOMI who was from the same family.
- 塾頭伊東甲子太郎(後の甲子太郎)に師事し、一方で、篠原泰之進と共に窪田治部右衛門の神奈川奉行所勤務に随行し、横浜市外国人居留地の警備の任にもついていた。
- He studied under Kinetaro ITO (later, Kinetaro), the school manager, while also working with Tainoshin SHINOHARA at the Kanagawa Magistrate's office (also where Jibu'uemon KUBOTA worked) on security for Yokohama City's Enclave for foreign residents.
- 香川 敬三(かがわ けいぞう、天保12年11月15日 (旧暦)(1841年12月27日) - 大正4年(1915年)3月18日)は、水戸藩出身の勤皇志士。
- Keizo KAGAWA (December 27, 1841 - March 18, 1915) was a loyal supporter of the Emperor in the Mito Domain.
- 常時勤務を要するために常假の対象外である中務省・宮内省両省の供奉担当官司及び五衛府の職員を対象とし、予め申請することによって、毎月5日間まで許される休暇。
- 別假, up to five days a month with application, were given to the government officials in charge of gubu (accompanying the Emperor when he goes out) of the Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) and the Kunaisho (Imperial Household Ministry) and Goefu (Five Royal Guards) who had to serve everyday and did not have regular holidays.
- 日系企業がアメリカ進出し始めた1970年代後半から現在にいたるまで、アメリカへ転勤により移住した駐在員家庭や現地留学、移民した人の子供達(例:マシ・オカ)。
- It refers to the children of those who lived or have been living in the U.S. because of a family member's job transfer, who studied in the U.S., or who immigrated to the U.S. since the late 1970s, when Japanese companies started penetrating the U.S. market (Ex. Masi OKA, a Japanese American actor).
- 当初は自発的な参勤であったが、次第に制度として定着していき、3代徳川将軍家・徳川家光の時代の寛永12年(1635年)に武家諸法度の改定によって義務付けした。
- In the beginning, daimyo's sankin-kotai was voluntary, but it gradually became established as a system, and the 1635 edition of Buke Shohatto, issued in the era of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun, made it obligatory.
- このように志度寺と号して、毎年の法華経読誦の法要や朝夕の勤行をする仏教の盛んな地となったのも、この房前大臣の親孝行のおかげなのです)」で舞い納め能は終わる。
- It is because of the filial deeds of Fusasaki no Otodo that this temple is named Shido-ji, and this land a place flourishing in Buddhism with the annual Buddhist memorial services by hailing the Lotus Sutra and devotional exercises performed in mornings and evenings,' the play ends.
- この内、代々蔵人を勤めた2家は江戸時代後期の弘化4年12月17日 (旧暦)(1848年1月22日)堂上家(半家 (公家))に列せられた(最後の堂上家昇格)。
- Among them, two families which served as kurodo for generations were promoted to toshoke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) (hanke [lowest rank for toshoke] [kuge - court nobles]) on January 22, 1848 duging the last stage of the Edo Period (last promotion to toshoke).
- 加えて参勤交代や御用普請などの公儀(江戸幕府)の命令に基づく事業を遂行するためには、全国的な貨幣である幕府発行正貨の調達と中央市場への依存が不可欠であった。
- In addition, it was essential to procure national currency issued by the Edo bakufu (feudal government headed by a shogun) and to depend on the central market, in order to accomplish projects ordered by the bakufu such as Sankinkotai (a system under which daimyo were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) and Goyofushin (civil engineering works ordered by the bakufu).
- 明治40年4月4日に初めて策定された国防方針においては、まず国家目標として開国進取の国是に則って国権の拡張を図り、国利民福の増進に勤める二点にと定められた。
- The policy for national defense formulated on April 4, 1907, stated two points; to firstly expand the sovereign right as the national goal based on a national virtue which was the opening of Japan, and to promote national interests and people's welfare.
- だが、戦争の絶えて久しい平和な時代にあっては領内の海上交通を管理したり、領内巡察や参勤交代などで大名が船旅するときに船を出したりする程度の役割でしかなかった。
- However, during peacetime when war did not exist for a long time, the roles of suigun navy were only to control the marine traffic in the domain or to offer the ship when their lord patrolled their domain and took a boat trip for sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate residence in Edo).
- だが、徳川家康による都市改造によって大きく成長し、加えて旗本・御家人の定府政策、諸侯に対する参勤交代政策によって、大勢の武士が常時江戸に居住することとなった。
- The city grew dramatically under Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's urban development initiative, combined with government policy requiring shogunal retainers including hatamoto (direct retainers) to set up residence in Edo and the Sankinkotai scheme imposed on feudal lords, and these policies lead to the presence of a large samurai population in Edo on a permanent basis.
- 五位以上の散位は散位寮に長上(常勤)し、六位以下のうち、在京のものは散位寮に分番(交替勤務)し、他は国府に分番して、他の官司の手伝いや使者としての事務を行う。
- Sanni, who was higher than goi (Fifth Rank) in the rank, worked full-time in Sanniryo and among people lower than rokui (Sixth Rank) in the rank, those who were in Kyoto did bunban (shiftwork) in Sanniryo, and the others did bunban in kokufu (provincial office) and helped the other government officials and attended to their business as messengers.
- 元暦2年(1185年)4月15日_(旧暦)に頼朝は、内挙を得ず朝廷から任官を受けた関東の武士らに対し、任官を罵り、平安京での勤仕を命じ、東国への帰還を禁じた。
- On April 15, 1185 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo cursed the warriors from the Kanto region for their acceptance of the title from the court without his unofficial recommendation, and ordered them to render their services in Heian-kyo and prohibited their repatriation to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan).
- このため諸藩は江戸在勤者に対し、直接切捨御免には言及していないものの『町民とトラブルを起こさずにくれぐれも自重すべき』旨の訓令をたびたび発した記録が残っている。
- Because of this, it was recorded in many domains that official directives saying 'You should respect yourself not to have trouble with townsmen,' were issued many times, without directly mentioning Kirisutegomen.
- 人は生まれながらにして貴賎上下の別はないけれどただ学問を勤めて物事をよく知るものは貴人となり富人となり、無学なる者は貧人となり下人となるのだ。」という事である。
- There is no difference in nature between the noble and the common, but just those who work hard to gain knowledge will be noble and rich, and those who do not will become poor and uncivilized.
- 各地の諸大名は、江戸藩邸や参勤交代の費用を捻出するために自藩産出の米や魚農産物を大坂に売ったため、大坂は諸大名の蔵屋敷が置かれ全国の特産品が並び、盛況を活した。
- In order to make money for maintenance of the domain residence in Edo and the cost of the alternate-year residence in Edo, feudal lords all over Japan sold their domestic products, such as rice, farm and aquatic products, in Osaka, where feudal lords built their warehouses and sales offices (kurayashiki), so local specialities were line up prosperously.
- 元輔が歌人として高名だったことは、『枕草子』にみえる、女房勤めした折に清少納言が「父の名を辱めたくないので歌は詠まない」といって許されたという挿話からも伺える。
- One story in 'Makuranososhi' (The Pillow Book) has it that Sei Shonagon was allowed not to make poems when she started to work at the Imperial Court, as she said she did not want to make any poems because her poems might bring shame on her father, and this story tells that Motosuke was such a great poet.
- 債務者等の居宅又は勤務先その他の債務者等を訪問した場所において、債務者等から当該場所から退去すべき旨の意思を示されたにもかかわらず、当該場所から退去しないこと。
- Failing to leave the residence or the place of work of the Obligor, etc. or any other place where the Money Lender has visited the Obligor, etc., in spite of the fact that the Obligor, etc. has indicated to the effect that he/she would like the Money Lender to leave that place;
- 中には所領を増加させる御家人もいたが、没落傾向にある御家人も少なくなく、所領を売却したり、質入するなどして失い、幕府への勤仕ができない無足御家人も増加していった。
- Some gokenin, some increased the number of territories they held but a considerable number went into decline, with an increase in the number of musoku gokenin (a vassal without territory) who sold or pawned their territories and were unable to work for bakufu.
- 江戸時代中期に甲府勤番士の著した地誌書『裏見寒話』では、山梨県の西地蔵岳で猟師が猩猩に遭って銃で撃った話があるが、そのほかの地域では猩猩はほとんど海に現れている。
- According to the tales, Shojo appeared in the sea, except for a tale in the topography 'Urami Kanwa' written by Kofu Kinban-shi (the Kofu Service, Shigekata NODA) which says that Shojo appeared in Mt. Jizo-dake, west of Kofu (present Yamanashi Prefecture), and was shot by a huntsman.
- このたび父が旧主のために金子百両を必要としていることを知り、これを用立てて勘当を解いてもらおうと考え、女房お六に因果を含め、小万と名乗らせて芸者勤めをさせている。
- Since Sangoro's father needs 100 ryo for his former master, Sangoro planned to prepare the money for gaining his father's forgiveness; he persuaded his wife Oroku of its necessity and she eventually became a geisha calling herself Koman.
- 当時の上流階級は洋装の水着(水泳着)で海水浴を勤しんだが、まだまだ洋装の水着(水泳着)は庶民には高価で、一般庶民の水着は褌(六尺褌)や水衣が一般的なものであった。
- In those days people in the upper class enjoyed sea bathing in western-style swimwear (bathing suits), but western-style swimming suits were still too expensive for commoners and so they swam wearing fundoshi (rokushaku fundoshi) or mizugoromo (water robes).
- 国臣はこれより前の4月12日に参勤交代の途上で大坂の近くまで来ていた福岡藩主黒田斉溥へ情勢の不穏と、挙兵への協力を訴える嘆願を提出すべく、大名行列に出頭していた。
- On Msy10, before this incident, Kuniomi attended the Daimyo-gyoretsu (feudal lord's costumed procession) in order to submit a petition to Narihiro KURODA (a lord of Fukuoka Domain who passed by Osaka-jo Castle on the way to his compulsory residence in Edo) complaining about the disturbances and asking for cooperation in raising an army.
- 寛文9年(1669年)には1万石、延宝4年(1676年)には1万3,000石が大洪水によって徴収できず、それによって参勤交代の免除を幕府に願い出ているほどである。
- Because the clan could not collect 10,000 koku in 1669 and 13,000 koku in 1676 due to great floods, the finance became worse to the extent of asking the bakufu for exemption from Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo).
- 龍馬は九州などを放浪した後、江戸へ入り千葉道場に身を寄せる『維新土佐勤王史』「坂本は飄然として江戸に下り、彼の旧識なる鍛冶橋外桶町の千葉重太郎方に草蛙を解きぬ」。
- After having wandered in Kyushu, Ryoma went to Edo and stayed at the Chiba dojo; 'Ishin Tosa Kinnoshi (History of Support of the Emperor in Tosa during the Restoration)' reads 'Ryoma traveled to Edo as free as the wind, and settled down in the place of Jutaro CHIBA, an old friend of his, located at Okecho outside Kajibashi.'
- 大名屋敷が再建され、参勤交代のために多くの武士が滞在するようになると、彼らの生活を支えるため江戸の町は急速に復興するが、もはや外堀内の江戸の町は狭すぎる状態だった。
- The town of Edo recovered as daimyo reconstructed their residences and as an ever increasing number of samurai migrated to the city in accordance to the Sankinkotai system, the town of Edo rapidly recovered to support their needs; but in practical terms, the town of Edo could not longer be contained within its outer moat.
- 主に関西歌舞伎を中心に舞台を勤め、中村鴈治郎 (初代)・中村魁車・中村梅玉 (3代目)らの死後は、阪東壽三郎 (3代目)と並んで「双壽時代」と呼ばれる一時代を築く。
- He mainly performed in Kansai Kabuki and, after the death of Ganjiro NAKAMURA (I), Kaisha NAKAMURA and Baigyoku NAKAMURA (III), he established an epoch called 'Soju Jidai' (era of two Ju) together with Jusaburo BANDO (III).
- 現在では11月23日の勤労感謝の日に新嘗祭が行われるため、大嘗祭もこの日に行われる(平成2年の今上天皇の大嘗祭は、11月22日深夜から23日未明にかけて行われた)。
- Today, because the Niiname-sai Festival takes place on the Labor Thanksgiving Day, November 23, the Onie no matsuri Festival also takes place on the same day (the Onie no matsuri Festival of the present Emperor in 1990 was performed from the late-evening of November 22 to the early hours of 23).
- 加藤枝直の記録によれば、昆陽が幕張・不動堂に出張したのは年間勤務数117日のうち、わずか7日であり、実際は養生所の作場への出勤が主で、ほとんど現地に出向いていない。
- According to the record of Enao Kato, when Konyo made a business trip to Makuhari Fudodo, he only worked 7 days out of the annual 117 working days, he mainly went to the workshop in the recuperation house and did not really go to the actual locale farm.
- 本間精一郎(ほんま せいいちろう)は越後国出身の勤皇の志士の1人であったが、特定の藩に属しない論客であったため、その態度を浮薄と見た各藩の志士から疎まれ始めていた。
- Seiichiro HONMA was one of the supporters of the pro-Imperial from Echigo Province, but since he was a disputant who did not belong to a particular domain, patriots from each of the domains, who thought his attitude frivolous, began to hate him.
- 常勤の委員は、在任中、内閣総理大臣の許可のある場合を除くほか、報酬を得て他の職務に従事し、又は営利事業を営み、その他金銭上の利益を目的とする業務を行ってはならない。
- During the term of office, commissioners on full-time basis shall not engage in other jobs with remuneration, run business for profit purposes or operate other businesses seeking for monetary interest unless they are permitted by the Prime Minister.
- During the term of office, the full-time Commission Member shall not engage in other jobs with remuneration, run business for profit purposes or operate other businesses seeking for monetary interest unless he/she is permitted by the Prime Minister.
- しかし低賃金で働く勤勉さと凄まじい生活力、地元経済に金を落とさない(日用品を日本から取り寄せていた)ゆえに疎まれ、カリフォルニアなどでは日系移民の排斥運動が起こった。
- However, they were disliked because of their fierce determination to survive as shown in their willingness to work for low wages and because they did not make contributions to the local economy (they imported daily necessities from Japan), which was part of the reason for a boycott against Japanese Americans in California.
- 翌々日、御所に勤める女官である阿波局 (北条時政の娘)が朝光に「あなたの発言が謀反の証拠であるとして梶原景時が将軍に讒言し、あなたは殺される事になっている」と告げた。
- Two days later, Awa no tsubone (a daughter of Tokimasa HOJO) working at the palace as a court lady said to Tomomitsu, 'You are to be killed because Kagetoki KAJIWARA made a slanderous report to the shogun by regarding your talk as evidence of rebellion.'
- たとえば商家につとめる平均的な元禄時代の町民の生活を記録した古文書『勤方帳』(つとめかたちょう)によると、酒を飲むのは一ヶ月に六日程度のことであったことがうかがえる。
- For example, 'Tsutomekata-cho,' an old document which records the standard living of townspeople who served a merchant family in the Genroku era, says that they drank sake only about six days a month.
- 内閣総理大臣(第一号の事項については、人事院)及び関係庁の長は、職員の勤務能率の発揮及び増進のために、左の事項について計画を樹立し、これが実施に努めなければならない。
- For the purpose of developing and improving the work efficiency of officials, the Prime Minister (the National Personnel Authority, in the case of item 1) and the head of the relevant agency shall formulate programs and exercise diligence in administering them in the areas of:
- 一般職の任期付研究員の採用、給与及び勤務時間の特例に関する法律(平成九年法律第六十五号。以下「任期付研究員法」という。)第六条第一項に規定する俸給表の適用を受ける職員
- Officials to whom the salary schedule provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Act on Special Measures of Employment, Remuneration and Working Hours of Researchers with Fixed Term of Office in the Regular Service (Act No. 65 of 1997, hereinafter referred to as the 'Act on Researchers with Fixed Term of Office') is applied
- 比企広域市町村圏域内公共図書館の相互利用協定により、東松山市、滑川町、小川町、ときがわ町、川島町、吉見町、鳩山町、秩父郡東秩父村に住まい・通学通勤している者なら利用可能。
- The library is available to any person who lives in, or commutes to Higashimatsuyama City, Namegawa-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Kawashima-machi, Yoshimi-machi, Hatoyama-machi and Higashichichibu-mura in Chichibu-gun, under the agreement for mutual use of public library within the larger municipal area in the Hiki area.
- その後、辰五郎役は市村羽左衛門 (15代目)、尾上松緑 (2代目)、中村勘三郎 (17代目)、そして尾上菊五郎 (7代目)と、江戸前の世話物を得意とする役者が勤めている。
- Later, the role of Tatsugoro was performed by Uzaemon ICHIMURA the fifteenth, Shoroku ONOE the second, Kanzaburo NAKAMURA the seventeenth, and Kikugoro ONOE the seventh, who were all good at acting in the Edo-style sewamono drama.
- 平群氏は大和国西北部の平群郡を根拠地とし、5世紀の頃には国政を左右するような大臣を出したこともあるが、この頃には中級の官人となり、諸国の国司などを勤める家柄になっている。
- The Heguri clan set up their base at Hegurino-kori in the northwestern part of Yamato Province, and during the fifth century, produced a minister who was so powerful as to influence over the state affairs; in the days of Hironari, the clan had become the house of middle-ranking officials, producing the governors of several provinces.
- 高杉も桂小五郎(木戸孝允)や久坂義助(久坂玄瑞)たちと共にともに尊攘運動に加わり、江戸・京師(京都市)において勤皇・破約攘夷の宣伝活動を展開し、各藩の志士たちと交流した。
- Takasugi also joined the Sonno Joi movement with Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Yoshisuke KUSAKA (Genzui KUSAKA) and launched a campaign in Kyoto espousing loyalty to the Emperor, nullification of treaties and the expelling of foreigners, in cooperation with royalists from other clans.
- 岡田 以蔵(おかだ いぞう、天保9年(1838年) - 慶応元年閏5月11日 (旧暦)(1865年6月3日))は、土佐国の郷士で土佐勤王党に加わった幕末四大人斬りの一人。
- Izo OKADA (1838 - June 3, 1865) was one of the Bakumatsu Shidai Hitokiri (Four famous assassins of Bakumatsu, end of the Edo Period) who joined the Tosa kinnoto (loyalist clique of Tosa) in his hometown, Tosa Province.
- 文久3年(1863年)、大和新庄藩の第8代藩主・永井直壮は幕府による文久の改革の一端である参勤交代制度改革の余波を受けて、陣屋を櫛羅に新設したことから、櫛羅藩を立藩した。
- The domain was founded in 1863, when Naotaka NAGAI, the eighth lord of Yamato Shinjo Domain, moved the government office to Kujira, as a result of the reform of the Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) implemented by the shogunate as part of its Bunkyu Reform.
- 鎌倉時代後期には毛利時親が京都の六波羅探題の評定衆を勤めるが、姻戚関係であった内管領の長崎円喜が執権北条高時に代わり幕府で政権を握っているのを嫌い、料所の河内国へ隠棲する。
- During the late Kamakura period, Tokichika MORI assumed the position of hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) for the Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto); however, displeased with the matrimonially related Enki NAGASAKI, the Naikanrei (head of Tokuso Family), holding power in the bakufu instead of the regent Takatoki HOJO, Tokichika lived in seclusion in goryosho (the imperial or shogunate's estate) in the Kawachi Province.
- 明治18年に主席訓導(実質的には校長だった)を勤めた綴子小学校は父十湾ら南部藩の兵士が18年前の戊辰戦争で戦闘を行い、民家を焼き討ちにして撤退していった綴子集落の中にある。
- Tsuzureko Elementary School, where Naito worked as the major Kundo (virtuallly, the headmaster) in 1885, was located in Tsuzureko hamlet, where the Nanbu Domain soldiers, including his own father, Juwan, fought in the Boshin War and burned down many houses when they escaped.
- この後幕府は、17世紀中葉までに、武家諸法度の発布や参勤交代の義務化、有力大名の改易などを通して、諸大名との主従制を確固たるものとし、朝廷統制を強め、幕府官僚機構を整備した。
- After this, the bakufu solidified the master-servant relationship with each daimyo by around the middle of 17th century, through enacting Buke shohatto (laws for the military households), making Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo) obligatory, and conducting Kaieki operations (forfeiting the rank of samurai and properties) for powerful daimyo, strengthened control of the Imperial Court, and established its government officer system.
- また市内と周辺地域の兵庫県、大阪府に多くのゴルフ場がある事で早朝から市外からの車流入と市内から通勤で京都市、大阪府、兵庫県への車流出が増えるため、交通量は早朝・夕方が増える。
- Traffic in the early morning (and the evening) is higher due to the number of people from outside the city who visit the many golf courses in Kameoka City, as well as the nearby areas of Hyogo and Osaka Prefectures; the number of residents commuting to Kyoto city, Osaka Prefecture and Hyogo Prefecture increase in the early morning as well.
- そして、意外にも大隈直系の佐野大蔵卿も反対を表明、更に明治天皇側近の佐々木高行が天皇の意思を奉じて、前年に明治天皇が出した「勤倹の聖旨」と本提案は矛盾すると申し入れを行った。
- Unexpectedly, Sano, the Minister of the Treasury who was in direct line from Okuma, expressed objection, besides Takayuki SASAKI, close advisor to the Emperor Meiji embracing the will of the Emperor, lodged a protest that the proposal contradicted with the 'Emperor's Thoughts on Diligence and Thriftiness' announced by the Emperor Meiji the year before.
- 内閣総理大臣は、勤務成績の優秀な者に対する表彰に関する事項及び成績のいちじるしく不良な者に対する矯正方法に関する事項を立案し、これについて、適当な措置を講じなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall plan matters concerning commendation of persons for excellent work performance and corrective measures for those with extremely poor performance, and take appropriate measures thereon.
- 委員長及び常勤の委員は、在任中、国土交通大臣の許可のある場合を除くほか、報酬を得て他の職務に従事し、又は営利事業を営み、その他金銭上の利益を目的とする業務を行つてはならない。
- The chairperson and full-time members, during their terms of office, shall not engage in other duties with remunerations, or engage in businesses for profit or run any other businesses for pecuniary interest except in such cases as permitted by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
- その一方で、石高が1万石に満たないために旗本とされながら、参勤交代を行い、大名と同様の支配体制を保障された交代寄合は、やや主体性の高い紙幣発行の事情があった可能性も考えられる。
- On the other hand, for the kotaiyoriai (alternate yoriai, a family status of samurai warriors in the Edo period), that were Hatamoto but were obliged to keep Sankinkotai (a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year residing in Edo) and ensured the control system similar to that of daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) because their earnings were less than 10,000 koku of rice (approximately 180 liters per koku), it is also considered that there might have been slightly more independent situations to issue paper money.
- 幕末になると、上平主税などを筆頭に勤皇の志士となるものも多く、また千名を超える兵動員力を期待され、過激派公家の思惑などから薩摩藩、長州藩、土佐藩等と並んで宮廷警護を命ぜられた。
- At the end of the Edo period, many local people including Chikara UEHIRA became pro-Imperial patriots, and Totsukawa was expected to dispatch more than 1,000 soldiers; with the expectations of radical nobles, Totsukawa was ordered to go to the Court to guard the Palace along with Satuma Domain, Choshu Domain, and Tosa Domain.
- 新制そのものの最古は天暦元年(947年)とされているが、中世における新制の基本的要素である「神社仏寺」「過差停止」「公事催勤」の3つの項目が揃った法令としては最初のものであった。
- While the oldest shinsei is considered to have been issued in 947, Chohogannenrei is the first law which contains all of the three fundamental elements of shinsei in the Middle Ages: '(Shinto) shrines and (Buddhist) temples,' 'kasateishi (prohibition of the luxury beyond one's means or position)' and 'strict enforcement of government affairs.'
- ただし、勤皇の志士たちを多く輩出した山口県などを出身とする人々には彼らを「幕府に雇われたテロリスト集団」として位置づける人もいる(松岡滿壽男参議院議員・当時の国会での発言より)。
- However, some people from Yamaguchi Prefecture and that area, which produced many Imperial loyalists, regard Shinsen-gumi as 'a group of terrorists employed by the shogunate ' (Masuo MATSUOKA, member of the House of Councilors/taken from his speech at the National Diet, during his time in office).
- なお、留学を一年延長した代わりに、地味な隊付勤務(プロイセン近衛歩兵第二連隊の医務)も経験しており、そうしたベルリンでの生活は、ミュンヘンなどに比べ、より「公」的なものであった。
- Furthermore, he experienced basic work in the army (medical work for the second infantry regiment of the imperial guard of Prussia) in exchange for an extension of his stay for another year, and as such his life in Berlin was more 'public' than it had been in Munich and other cities.
- 1909年に教授、1910年に時の総長の推薦を受けて文学博士となり、二十年を東洋史担当として勤め、同僚の狩野直喜・桑原隲蔵とともに「京都中国学」を創設、京大の学宝とまで呼ばれた。
- Naito became a professor in 1909 and a Doctor of Literature in 1910 at the recommendation of the president of Kyoto University; Konan taught East Asian History for twenty years, established 'Study on Chinese history by Kyoto University,' together with his colleagues, Naoki KANO and Jitsuzo KUWABARA, and was called a treasure of the university.
- 職員は、俸給、給料その他あらゆる勤務条件に関し、人事院に対して、人事院若しくは内閣総理大臣又はその職員の所轄庁の長により、適当な行政上の措置が行われることを要求することができる。
- Officials may make requests to the National Personnel Authority that appropriate administrative action be accorded by the National Personnel Authority, the Prime Minister, or the head of the government agency employing that official, relative to salary, pay, or any other working condition.
- 福知山の古くからの住民は、丹波の氷上(丹波市)を中心に、但馬や丹後から移り住んで来た歴史があり、現在もなお通勤・通学する人は多く、市民の多くはその地出身であると言う人も少なくない。
- Ancient residents in Fukuchiyama moved mainly from Hikami (Tanba City), but also from Tajima and Tango; there are still many people that commute from such places and say that they are descended from these places.
- 18世紀末から19世紀初めには、上方にかわる文化的な中心地ともなり、経済活動や参勤交代を通じた江戸を中心とする人の往来は江戸から地方へ、地方から江戸へ盛んな文化の伝播をもたらした。
- From the end of the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, Edo surpassed Kamigata (This is a commonly used term referring to Kyoto and the Kansai region) as a cultural center, and the active traffic of people between Edo and the provinces due to economic activities and the sankinkotai (a system that required feudal lords to reside in Edo every other year) facilitated the active transmission of culture between Edo and the provinces.
- しかし、四座に属し幕府御用を勤めていた鷺・大蔵二流に比べれば、明治以前の和泉流は名古屋(宗家、野村又三郎家)・京都・金沢(三宅藤九郎家)を中心として活動する地方流儀に過ぎなかった。
- However, compared with the two other main schools, the Sagi school and the Okura school serving as official Kyogen schools in the Shogun's court by belonging to Yoza (four troupes of Kyogen), the Izumi school before the Meiji period was no more than a local school performing Kyogen in and around Nagoya (base for the head family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family), Kyoto, and Kanazawa (base for the Tokuro MIYAKE family).
- 薩長土(さっちょうど)は、幕末期、「雄藩」と呼ばれ、多くの志士を輩出し、明治維新の原動力となった薩摩藩、長州藩、土佐藩の「勤皇三藩」の総称、あるいは、この3藩出身の志士たちの総称。
- Sacchodo was called 'Yuhan' (powerfull domain) in the end of Edo period, and produced many patriotic samurais, and a generic name of 'Royal three Domains,' Satsuma Domain, Choshu Domain, and Tosa Domain which were the of the Meiji Restoration, or a generic name of the patriotic Samurais from these three Domains.
- 寛永12年(1635年)の「武家諸法度」の参勤交代を規定する条文には「大名小名在江戸交替所相定也毎歳夏四月中可致参勤従者之員数……」と書かれており、「参勤」と「交替」が用いられている。
- As the provision mentioning Sankin-kotai in the 1635 edition of Buke Shohatto (code for the warrior households) said, '大名小名在江戸交替所相定也毎歳夏四月中可致参勤従者之員数…'(we announce the establishment of daimyo's sankin-kotai. Daimyo are required to arrive at Edo in every April. Too many retainers are employed recently...), '参勤' and '交替'were used.
- 胆沢県大参事であった安場保和にみとめられ、後の海軍大将・斎藤実とともに13歳で書生として引き立てられ県庁に勤務しのち15歳で上京し、東京太政官少史・荘村省三のもとで門番兼雑用役になる。
- When he was thirteen years old, he received much recognition from Yasukazu YASUBA, the Great Secretary of Isawa Prefecture, and became Yasuba's live-in student with Makoto SAITO, who later became the Admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy, while he worked at the Prefectural office by recommendation of Yasuba; GOTO moved to Tokyo when he was fifteen year old, to work as a gatekeeper and chore manager under Shozo SHOMURA, the junior clerk of the Grand Council of Tokyo,.
- 合せて、10世紀末頃には、造東大寺所(前造東大寺司)の知事僧も勤務を怠けるようになってきたため、東大寺は、南大門や羂索院双倉、大仏殿後戸などは、傷みに傷んで、倒壊寸前か、してしまった。
- Furthermore, at the end of the tenth century, the governor monk of the Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction (successor to the Agency of Todai-ji Temple Construction) began to neglect his work, which resulted in collapse or almost collapse of terribly deteriorated structures, including the Nandai-mon gate, the twin treasure houses of Kensaku-in, and the back door of the Great Buddha Hall.
- 1861年(文久元年)、3月、土佐で井口村刃傷事件が起り、龍馬の属する下士と上士の間で対立が深まる『維新土佐勤王史』「坂本等、一時池田の宅に集合し、敢て上士に対抗する気勢を示したり」。
- In March, 1861, Iguchi-mura village sword wound incident occurred in Tosa, which deepened conflict between the lower-rank samurai to which Ryoma belonged and the upper-rank samurai (refer to 'Ishin Tosa Kinnoshi' (History of Support of the Emperor in Tosa during the Restoration), which reads 'SAKAMOTO and other lower-rank samurai temporarily gathered at IKEDA's house and showed their enthusiasm to fight against the upper-rank samurai').
- 2000年(平成12年)国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、京都市を中心市とする都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の人口は約258万人。
- According to the national census in 2000 on 'Population of students and the employed 15 years old or more by place of work and schooling according to usual place of residence,' the population of Urban Employment Area (UEA) (10 percent commuting area: A suburb more than 10 percent of whose population commuting to the central city) surrounding Kyoto City is about 2.58 million.
- 後に電話会社に勤務していた湯川敏治(中世公家日記研究会)によって『歴名土代』のデータベース化の試みがなされ、平成8年(1996年)にそれを元にした翻刻版が続群書類従完成会より刊行された。
- Later, Toshiharu YUKAWA (Society for Research on the Medieval Court Nobles' Diaries) who worked at a telephone company tried to make a database of 'Ryakumyo dodai' and in 1996 the revised version based on this database was published from the 'Classified Documents, continued' completion committee.
- ただし、幕府としても本来の趣旨は軍役奉仕であったため、藩財政が破綻して軍役が不可能となることは、参勤交代の趣旨を根底的に否定する事になるため、大名行列の制限を行うなどの措置を採っている。
- But because the bakufu introduced the system for military service, clans' failure to do military service owing to their financial difficulty was detrimental to the foundation of the system, which led the bakufu to take measures such as restricting daimyo-gyoretsu (daimyo's procession).
- 坂本龍馬が平井加尾に送った有名な書簡においても、加尾に男装をさせて勤王活動を行わせるために、宗十郎頭巾を用意するように記しており、当時の宗十郎頭巾に対する一般的な感覚を知ることができる。
- In a well-known letter sent from Ryoma SAKAMOTO to Kao HIRAI, Ryoma advised Kao to prepare Sojuro-zukin for her emperor-loyalist activities in male attire; this indicates that Sojuro-zukin was generally used by people at that time.
- 戦前からの鉄道ファンとしても有名で、鉄道友の会の理事や名誉会長も勤め、ブルーリボン賞 (鉄道)叙与式、大阪市電最終運転日など関西での鉄道関係のセレモニーには来賓としてしばしば顔を出した。
- Prior to World War II he became known as a railroad fanatic; he acted as a director and honorary chairman of Tetsudo-tomo-no-kai (Railroad Fanatics' Association) and often attended railroad-related ceremonies held in the Kansai region, such as the presentation ceremonies of Blue Ribbon Ward (railroad) and the Osaka City Railroad's final day of operation.
- 明治維新の際、北桑田郡山国郷(現在の京都市右京区京北)で勤皇を標榜する山国隊が、南桑田郡馬路村(現在の亀岡市馬路町)では弓箭隊が結成され、山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望に従って各地を転戦した。
- During the Meiji Restoration, partisans of the Emperor formed the Yamaguni-tai in Yamagunigou, Kitakuwada District (the present Keihoku, Ukyo-ward, Kyoto city) and the Yumiya-tai in Umajimura, Minamikuwada District, following San'indo Chinbu Sotoku Kinmochi SAIONJI from one place to another to fight.
- 参勤交代は軍役であるから、大名は保有兵力である配下の武士を随員として大量に引き連れて江戸に出仕し、領地に引き上げねばならないため、移動の際に大名行列という大掛かりな行進を行う必要があった。
- Because sankin-kotai was a military service, daimyo had to move with a great number of their subordinate warriors, which traveling took the form of a large-scale march called daimyo-gyoretsu.
- やがて「舞事」になり、「今この経の功徳にて」成仏した礼をのべ、地謡の「龍女成仏、さてこそ讃州志度寺と号し、毎年八講、朝暮の勤行、仏法繁昌の霊地となるも、この孝養と承る(龍女は成仏しました。
- Soon it becomes 'mai-goto' (instrumental dance) and she gives thanks for her jobutsu (die peacefully) through 'the merit of the sutra,' and with the dance to the Jiutai singing, 'Ryunyo has died peacefully.
- また治承3年(1179年)正月には高倉天皇の朝勤行幸の御遊に伺候し、初めて筝の役を務めて以来、建久5年には楽所別当にも補され、種々の和歌会御遊などでも筝や琵琶の役を担当したことが知られる。
- In 1179, he first played so (a zheng) in New Year's days at Emperor Takakura's Chokin gyoko (Emperor's visit to the parent palace), and then he was appointed as Chief of Musical Department in 1194, serving as so and biwa (a Japanese lute) player at the various waka poetry gatherings.
- 以後は京都に留まり朝廷から禁裏御守衛総督に任じられ、守護職・松平容保(会津藩主)、所司代・松平定敬(桑名藩主)と共に勤皇の志士や公家の取り締まりにあたる(一会桑(一橋・会津・桑名)体制)。
- Thereafter, he remained in Kyoto and he was appointed to Kinri Goshuei Sotoku (Head of the Imperial Palace/Emperor's Protector); together with the Protector (Shugoshoku) Katamori MATSUDAIRA (Aizu-han Clan) and Kyoto Shoshidai Sadaaki MATSUDAIRA (Chief of Kuwana-han Clan) regulated the nobles and those loyal to the Emperor (Ichi-Kai-So (Hitotsubashi-Aizu-Kuwana) structure).
- 大阪市の周辺を見ると、京都市・神戸市・姫路市・和歌山市がそれぞれ中心機能を持って通勤・通学者を求心し、各々昼間人口が常住人口を越えているため、個別の都市圏を形成していると見なされている()。
- Since the cities of Kyoto, Kobe, Himeji and Wakayama, which surround Osaka, respectively function as a center and attract commuters going to work and school so that their daytime populations exceed their nighttime populations, they are taken to individually form metropolitan areas.
- ただし同校では成績は優秀で卒業後、山形県鶴岡の病院勤務が決まっていたが安場が愛知県令をつとめることになり、それについていくことにして愛知県の愛知県医学校(現・名古屋大学医学部)で医者となる。
- Yet his school record was excellent at this school, and he got a position in a hospital in Tsuruoka City of Yamagata Prefecture, but as Yasuba became the Governor of Aichi Prefecture, he decided to follow him and became a doctor at Aichi Municipal Medical School (current the medical department of Nagoya University) in Aichi Prefecture.
- 役職を勤めることによって得られる役給は、(1)領主から支給される場合、(2)「村入用」と呼ばれる村の財政から支給される場合、(3)「給田」などと決められた土地が支給される場合の3つがあった。
- There were three types of compensation for serving in these positions: (1) Payments by a feudal load: (2) Payments through village finance, called 'Muraninyo': (3) Payments in designated land, named 'Kyuden.'
- 勤番侍が桜田門外の変を語ったかと思うと歌舞伎の道具係が名優を語り、彰義隊残党が敗軍逃亡の有様を語り、御数寄屋坊主が御茶壺道中を語るなど、当事者ならでの実体験に基づく貴重な証言録となっている。
- They are important records of evidences based on the real experiences, which you only get from the people concerned: for example, kinban zamurai (samurai being on duty in Edo) told the Sakuradamongai Incident; a person in charge of tools told the famous actor; the survivors of Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno) told how the defeated army ran away; osukiya bozu (a monk serving the feudal lord in Edo castle) told the tea pot journey.
- 法度は大名、徳川家家臣を対象として、当初は13ヶ条であったが、将軍の交代とともに改訂され、3代将軍の徳川家光が参勤交代の制度や大船建造の禁などの条文を加え、19ヶ条の定型となる(「寛永令」)。
- The code was aimed at daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) and the vassals of Tokugawa Family and originally had thirteen articles, but was revised on the shogun's replacement, and Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third shogun, added the system of Sankin-kotai (Daimyo's biennial residence in Edo), the ban on building large ships etc. so they finalised version contained nineteen articles ('Kanei rei' (Kanei code)).
- 寛永12年(1635年)の参勤交代制度のもとでは、諸大名は1年毎に江戸と自領を行き来し、妻子は人質として江戸に常住しなければならないと同時に、その旅費や江戸の滞在費を全て大名に負担させていた。
- Under the sankin-kotai system established in 1635, daimyo, in addition to residing in Edo and their own feudal domains each for one year, leaving their own families in Edo permanently as hostages, had to pay their own travel costs and living costs in Edo.
- 明治8年(1875年)、同郡桂村宮下山西方寺の12代目住職、明治18年(1885年)、東山梨郡春日居村(旧春日居町、現笛吹市)甲陽山地蔵院の23代目住職を勤め、明治36年(1903年)、死去。
- In 1875, he served as the twelfth chief priest of Miyashitayama Saiho-ji Temple in Katsura Village, Tsuru County, in 1885, he served as the twenty-third chief priest of Koyozan Jizoin Temple in Kasugai Village (in the past, it was Kasugai-cho, at the present, it is Fuefuki City), Higashi Yamanashi County and then, in 1903, he died.
- ただ千葉道場で塾頭を勤めたことや同世代の人物の証言に「免許皆伝を伝授された」という証言も残るため、免許皆伝状は単に現存していないものと思われる(龍馬の遺品は災害や盗難等で幾つか損失している)。
- But considering the fact that Ryoma once became president of the disciples of the Chiba dojo and that his contemporaries testified to the fact that Ryoma was conferred the full mastership, the certificate of the full mastership actually conferred upon him is thought to be no longer exist (some of the personal mementos left by Ryoma have been lost by disaster or theft).
- 「天下の台所」と呼ばれた経済都市の大阪は健在であったが、江戸期以来参勤交代で富裕層の集住に成功して大消費地となった江戸が、東京となって中央集権体制を確立し、税と外貿で富を更に集めるようになった。
- As Osaka, an economic city called the 'kitchen of Japan,' was in good health, Edo succeeded in attracting many wealthy people by Sankinkotai system (a daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo) and became a major consumer area in Edo period, and after changing its name to Tokyo, established a centralized administrative framework, and came to collect more wealth by taxes and foreign trade.
- そこへ久邇宮朝彦親王と山内容堂との間で、攘夷督促勅使を巡る争いが持ち上がり、前者を推進する本間と後者を推す勤王党の間で対立が起きたとも、本間が幕府と通じているのではないかと疑われたとも言われる。
- Meanwhile, there was a dispute between Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko and Yodo YAMAUCHI over the imperial envoy to demand expulsion of foreigners, and when there was a confrontation between HONMA, who went forward with Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko, and the Kinnoto, who supported YAMAUCHI, HONMA cast doubt that he was communicating secretly with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 昇任すべき官職の職務及び責任に鑑み、人事院が、当該在職者の間における試験によることを適当でないと認める場合においては、昇任は、当該在職者の従前の勤務実績に基く選考により、これを行うことができる。
- In cases where, in view of the duties and responsibilities of the government position to which promotion is to be made, the National Personnel Authority finds it inappropriate to hold an examination among the said incumbents, promotion may be made by means of selection based on the past performance of duty of such incumbents.
- 前項の表中「海外営業拠点」とは、外国に所在する支店又は法第十六条の二第一項第五号に掲げる会社(銀行等の子会社であるものに限る。)であって、その所在地において常勤の役員又は従業員を持つものをいう。
- The term 'Overseas Business Base' as used in the table under the preceding paragraph means a branch office located in a foreign state or a company (limited to a bank subsidiary company) listed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1), item (v) of the Act, which has full-time officer(s) or employee(s) at the location.
- 前二項の表中「海外営業拠点」とは、外国に所在する支店又は法第十六条の二第一項第五号に掲げる会社(銀行の子会社であるものに限る。)であって、その所在地において常勤の役員又は従業員を持つものをいう。
- The term 'Overseas Business Base' as used in the tables under the preceding two paragraphs means a branch office located in a foreign state or a company (limited to a subsidiary company of a bank) listed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1), item (v) of the Act, which has full-time officer(s) or employee(s) at the location.
- 平安京に勤務する貴族・官人でも原則として年料別納租穀を受ける場合には現地で支給を受けることになっていたが、延喜式には中国_(令制国)以上の国家からの位禄の輸送費用は官で負担する規定が存在していた。
- In principle, even aristocrats and bureaucrats living in Heiankyo were expected to receive Nenryo betsuno sokoku at the local area, but Engishiki states that transport fees of Iroku from countries further than Chugoku (Ritsuryo province) were to be compensated by the government.
- 安政2年(1855年)に長崎勤務となり、ここで有職故実家坂田諸遠の門人となり、その影響で国臣の尚古主義はさらに激しいものとなり、福岡に戻ると仲間とともに烏帽子、直垂の異風な姿で出歩くようになった。
- In 1855, he was posted to Nagasaki, and became a disciple of Moroto SAKATA, the head of Yusoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past), thus causing him to intensify his Shoko shugi, and after returning to Fukuoka, he went out with his friends in strange attire, wearing eboshi (formal headwear for court nobles) and hitatare (a kind of ancient court dress).
- 当時、土佐藩は藩主山内容堂のもと公武合体を支持しており、会津藩との関係も良好であったが、内部には土佐勤王党など倒幕を目論む勢力もあり、その中で起きた傷害事件はまさに両藩の関係に水を差すものであった。
- In those days, under the rule of the lord Yodo YAMAUCHI, the Tosa clan supported kobu-gattai (integration of the imperial court and the shogunate) and kept a good relationship with the Aizu clan, but also had power as Tosa kinnoto (loyalist clique of Tosa) which aimed to overthrow the bakufu; therefore, under those circumstances, the incident cast a shadow over the relationship between the two clans.
- また、1891年(明治24年)には、経営が傾いた東京日日新聞(現在の毎日新聞)を買収、在官のまま第3代社長を勤め、日清戦争から日露戦争にいたるまでの日本の政治・外交において、政府擁護の論陣を張った。
- In 1891, he took over Tokyo Nichinichi Shinbun (present Mainichi Shinbun) which was having management difficulties, and of which he became the third president while still being in politics; and he argued in defense of the government on the Japanese political and diplomatic fronts from the Sino-Japanese War through the Russo-Japanese war.
- 朝鮮総督府は宮殿正門の光化門を移築の上保存し、朝鮮王朝の正宮だった景福宮の付随的な建物の多くは破却したが(一説に8割以上とも)、正殿の勤政殿や慶会楼などの象徴的な建物の大部分は保存されることとなった。
- The Gwanghwamun gate as the main gate of the palace was moved and conserved in the Chosen Sotoku-fu, and although most of the annexed buildings of the Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main palace of the Korean Dynasties, were destroyed (some say it was more than 80%), the most parts of the symbolic building including the Geunjeongjeon Hall as the main hall and the Gyeonghoeru Pavilion were conserved.
- この門葉の顔ぶれを見る限り、門葉たる地位を付与されるためには、血筋上の嫡流庶流や頼朝の血筋との近接性はあまり問題ではなく、あくまで忠勤の目覚ましい清和源氏であることがその要件であったということができる。
- Given the manner in which the members of these monyo were selected, in order to be given the status of monyo, what mattered wasn't the main line or branch of the family blood nor how close one was to Yoritomo's blood but was instead being the faithful Seiwa-Genji, which was the only requirement.
- 参勤交代などの江戸幕府の公用のために行う大名行列は幕府によって人数が定められており、1万石の小大名でも50人から100人を引き連れることを義務付けられ、102万石の加賀藩では最盛期に4,000人に及んだ。
- Daimyo-gyoretsu which was carried on for public purpose of Edo bakufu such as Sankinkotai had a fixed number of attendants, so even small feudal lords with only ten thousands Goku crop yields were obligated to take fifty to one hundred attendants, and the number of Kaga domain with one million twenty thousands Goku crop yields reached four thousands attendants at its peak.
- 1889年(明治22年)に東京美術学校(現東京藝術大学)の美術解剖学講師を、1892年(明治25年)9月に慶應義塾大学の審美学(美学の旧称)講師を委嘱された(いずれも日清戦争出征時と小倉転勤時に解嘱))。
- He was asked to be an instructor of art analysis at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (present Tokyo University of the Arts) in 1889 as well as an instructor of aesthetics at Keio University in September 1892 (However he was relieved of both these posts when he had to leave for the front line of the Sino-Japanese War and was transferred to Ogura).
- 職員が、相当年限忠実に勤務して退職した場合、公務に基く負傷若しくは疾病に基き退職した場合又は公務に基き死亡した場合におけるその者又はその遺族に支給する年金に関する制度が、樹立し実施せられなければならない。
- There shall be established and administered a system that governs the pension issuable to officials or to their bereaved families when such officials have retired after having faithfully served for a reasonable number of years or as the result of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty or when they have died in line of public duty.
- 戊辰戦争の際には、すでに鳥羽伏見の戦いの時点で薩摩藩兵とともに東寺や大津を守備するなど、最初から勤王の姿勢を示しており、近藤勇を逮捕する手柄を立てるなど実戦での功績も評価され、賞典禄2万石を与えられている。
- From the beginning of the Boshin War, the Ii Family showed their loyalty to the Emperor by guarding To-ji Temple and the town of Otsu with soldiers of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and, having achieved great success with the arrest of Isami KONDO, were rewarded with territory worth 20,000 koku.
- 江戸時代は山科や四宮、そして髭茶屋追分(現在の大津市追分)までが東海道(三条通の開通に伴い、今は旧街道・旧三条通り等と呼ばれる)の街道筋として一続きの町となり、飛脚や参勤交代をはじめ多くの人々が行き交った。
- During the Edo period, Yamashina, Shinomiya, and Higechaya-oiwake (present day Oiwake, Otsu City) constituted a town along the Tokaido Road (it is now called Old Kaido Road or Old Sanjo-dori Street after the opening the Sanjo-dori Street), where there were many travelers including express messengers and parades by daimyos who would alternate their Edo residence.
- 短時間勤務の官職については、定年退職者等及び自衛隊法による定年退職者等のうち第八十一条の二第一項及び第二項の規定の適用があるものとした場合の当該官職に係る定年に達した者に限り任用することができるものとする。
- A person may be appointed to a part-time government position from among the persons who have mandatorily retired, etc. and those who have mandatorily retired, etc. under the Self-Defense Forces Act, only if he/she has reached the mandatory retirement age pertaining to the said government position in the case when the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 81-2 shall be deemed applicable.
- 皇女の降嫁の初例としてよく挙げられるのは、嵯峨天皇皇女源潔姫と藤原良房の婚姻であるが、潔姫の場合は結婚前に既に源氏姓を賜り臣籍に下っており、内親王と臣下が結婚した初例は醍醐天皇皇女勤子内親王と藤原師輔である。
- Although the marriage between MINAMOTO no Kiyohime, an Imperial princess of Emperor Saga, and FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa is regarded as the first case of koka, Kiyohime had already been given the name of Minamoto clan and descended to the subject status before their marriage, so the first case of marriage between an Imperial Princess and a subject is that of Imperial Princess Isoko (Kinshi), a daughter of Emperor Godaigo, and FUJIWARA no Morosuke.
- これらの牧は各令制国毎に牧監(もくげん)が設置され(ただし、武蔵のみは各牧単位で別当が設置)、在庁官人が中央官庁より一定の任期を持って任命されて馬寮及び兵部省によって勤怠状況が監督されていたと考えられている。
- It is considered that in those Maki, Bokugen (or Mokugen) was assigned for each Ryoseikoku (province), except for Musashi, where Betto was assigned for each Maki, and Zaichokanjin was stationed by the central authority for a certain period of time while Meryo and Hyobusho were established to supervise work attendance.
- 勤皇の武士を募るため全国を行脚していた長慶天皇が崩御したとの注進を聞き、松良天皇は皇位を第一皇子の美良親王に譲って聖竜法皇となり、三河国五井美吉原(愛知県豊川市御油町美世賜)の萬松山大通寺の薬師堂に隠棲した。
- When Emperor Matsunaga heard that Emperor Chokei died while traveling the country to recruit pro-Imperial samurai, he handed over the Imperial Throne to Imperial Prince Yoshinaga, his first Prince, and became the Cloistered Emperor Seiryu, and went into seclusion at Yakushi-do Hall in Daitsu-ji Temple, located at Goi Miyoshihara in Mikawa Province (present-day Aichi Prefecture Toyokawa City Goyu-cho Miyoshi).
- 一般職に属するすべての官職に対する職員の採用又は昇任は、すべて条件附のものとし、その職員が、その官職において六月を下らない期間を勤務し、その間その職務を良好な成績で遂行したときに、正式のものとなるものとする。
- The employment or promotion of officials to every government position in the regular service shall be considered conditional and shall become regular only after the appointee shall have served in the government position concerned for a period of not less than six months during which he/she shall have performed satisfactorily the duties of that position.
- 国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員の給与等に関する特例法(昭和二十九年法律第百四十一号)の適用を受ける職員であって、その職務と責任が第一号に掲げる職員に相当するものとして農林水産大臣が定めるもの
- Officials to whom the Act on Special Measures Concerning Remuneration, etc. of Officials Who Work for a Corporation Operated by the State Performing National Forestry Projects (Act No. 141 of 1954) is applied and who are determined by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as performing the service and responsibility that shall be deemed equivalent to those of the officials listed in item 1
- 諸兄は既に天平3年から参議に就いて議政官(公卿)を勤めていたが、天平9年には大納言へのぼると、翌10年には右大臣へ、同15年には左大臣へ昇進し、聖武天皇・孝謙天皇両天皇の治世期に太政官首班として政治に当たった。
- Moroe, who had already began serving as Giseikan (Legislature) (Kugyo) in the position of Sangi (councilor) in 731, ascended to Dainagon (major councilor) in 737, and Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 738, and in 743 he finally reached Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and dedicated himself to national politics as the head of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) during the eras of the Emperor Shomu and the Emperor Koken.
- 伏見宮家の縁故で、女流漢学者で勤王論者の若江薫子(1835―1881年)が家庭教師として忠香の娘たちの養育に携わっていたが、女御を一条家から出すのに際し、薫子は姉を差し置いて妹の寿栄君を推薦したと言われている。
- Through connections of the Fushimi-no-Miya family, Nioko WAKAE, a female scholar of Chinese classics and an imperialist (1835-1881), was involved in the nurturing of Tadaka's daughters as a tutor, but in the face of choosing a consort from the ICHIJO family, Nioko is said to have recommended the younger sister Suegimi over the older sister.
- これを危険と見た勤王党では、まず井上を料亭「大与(大與・だいよ)」に呼び出して泥酔させ、心斎橋上にて、以蔵・久松喜代馬・岡本八之助・森田金三郎の4人で、身柄拘束のうえ絞殺、遺体は橋上から道頓堀川へと投げ棄てた。
- The Kinnoto, which regarded him dangerous, summoned INOUE at first to a fancy Japanese-style restaurant called 'Daiyo (otherwise written as 大與) and intoxicated him; then on the Shinsai-bashi Bridge, the four men Izo, Kiyoma HISAMATSU, Hachinosuke OKAMOTO, and Kinzaburo MORITA, restrained and strangulated INOUE, and threw his corpse over the bridge into the Dotonbori-gawa River.
- 公家や寺社、諸藩の家臣の所領にも存在するが、最も代表的なのは江戸幕府が旗本の支配を確実にする事と彼らの江戸居住(地方在勤者を除く)を義務付けたために、小禄旗本の知行地(知行所)が集中した関東地方に多く見られる。
- Although this ownership form was also found in territories of court nobles, temples and shrines, and vassals of domains, it was most typically found in Kanto region where chigyo-chi (territories) of the hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with a small stipend (fiefdom) were concentrated, because the Edo bakufu obliged them to live in Edo (except for those assigned to provinces) in order to ensure the control of them.
- 天正8年(1580年)11月には豊弘から入国以来の忠勤を賞され、巨濃郡陸上・宇治・大野の三ヵ所が与えられたが、翌年の豊臣秀吉による鳥取城攻略後、所領を失い流浪の身となり、慶長16年(1611年)12月に没した。
- In December 1580, Masatoki was granted the lands of Kugami, Uji and Ono in Kono no Kori by Toyohiro YAMANA in recognition of his loyal service since he joined the vassals, but ironically, after Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI took Tottori-jo Castle in the next year, he lost the lands and became a wandering warrior, and died in December 1611.
- 受領は租税納入先の大寺社や摂関家のような上級貴族へ滞納が生じると、勤務評定である受領功過定(ずりょうこうかさだめ)を切り抜けるために、公領の一部の租税収納権を納入先の大寺社や摂関家に与えることが慣例になっていった。
- To deal with tax delinquencies designated to the main temples and shrines, and the high-ranked aristocracy including Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), it became customary for Zuryo to give away to those tax recipients the rights to collect taxes from parts of koryo, as an attempt to avoid poor evaluation with Zuryo koka sadame, their job performance reviews.
- 2000年(平成12年)国勢調査「常住地による従業・通学市区町村別15歳以上就業者及び15歳以上通学者数」に基づいた、大阪市・東大阪市・門真市・守口市を中心市とする都市雇用圏(10%通勤圏)の人口は約1212万人。
- Based on 'the number of employees and students over the age of fifteen, according to permanent residence and destination' from the 2000 national census, the population of the Urban Employment Area (an area where at least 10% of the suburban population commutes to the central city), centered on the cities of Osaka, Higashi-Osaka, Kadoma, and Moriguchi, is 12,120,000.
- 和泉流は、江戸極初期に京都の手猿楽師(てさるがくし。素人出身の職業狂言師)として禁裏御用を勤めつつ、尾張藩主徳川義直に召し抱えられていた7世山脇和泉守元宜が、同輩の三宅藤九郎家、野村又三郎家を傘下に収めて創流した。
- While dominating his colleagues, the Tokuro MIYAKE family and the Matasaburo NOMURA family, Yamawaki Izumi no Kami Motoyoshi, the seventh established the Izumi school soon after the Edo period came, and was an official Tesarugaku-shi (a professional Sarugaku performer who was originally an outsider) in the Imperial Palace living in Kyoto, as well as a retainer of the Lord of Owari Domain Yoshinao TOKUGAWA.
- 同年7月、新貨幣発行に関し、大蔵大輔・大隈重信の邸宅にて大隈・中井弘・町田久成等と協議(後に大隈は新貨幣の図案を彫金の加納夏雄と弟子の益田友雄他2名に、文字を大蔵省に勤めている書家の石井単香に委託することを決定)。
- In August 1869, Kagenori discussed with Shigenobu OKUMA who was Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury), Hiroshi NAKAI, Hisanari MACHIDA, etc. concerning new currency issuance at the residence of Okuma (Later Okuma decided to consign the new mint's design to Natsuo KANO in metal carving, Tomoo MASUDA and two other people who were all Kano's apprentices, and the calligraphic characters to Tanko ISHII, a calligrapher who worked for the Ministry of Treasury.)
- 松原 忠司(まつばら ちゅうじ、 天保五年(1835年)?- 慶応元年9月1日 (旧暦)(1865年10月20日))は新選組において副長助勤及び四番隊組長と柔術師範を務めた播磨国出身の浪士(永倉新八によれば大坂浪人)。
- Chuji MATSUBARA (date of birth unknown, 1835 - October 20, 1865) was a Roshi (masterless samurai) from Harima Province (Osaka, according to Shinpachi NAGAKURA), joined Shinsengumi and became a Fukucho-jokin (assistant vice commander), leader of the Fourth Unit and instructor of jujutsu.
- 武家諸法度・御定書・軍令・軍役・勤番・武具・行列・関所通行・服制・鷹狩などに関する諸規定から成り、しばしば発生する疑問やそれに関する回答について老中や目付に対する伺書の書式を用いて解説している(書札礼の役目も兼ねる)。
- The contents consisted of Buke shohatto (laws for the samurai families), osadamegaki (regulations by the bakufu), military orders and various other regulations concerning military services, kinban (regular duty), arms, processions, passing checking stations, the dress code system, and falconry, and frequently enquired questions and answers for them were also explained there using the enquiry format for Roju (senior councilor) or Metsuke (inspector) (the book could also be used for Shosatsurei (Epistolary Etiquette)).
- 武士の人口は、参勤交代に伴う地方からの単身赴任者など、流動的な部分が非常に多く、その推定は20万人程度から100万人程度までとかなりの幅があり、最盛期の江戸の総人口も68万人から150万人まで様々な推定値が出されている。
- Estimates for the samurai residing in Edo vastly ranges between two-hundred thousand and one million due to many fluctuating factors such as the unaccompanied assignments of regional samura in accordance to the requirements of the Sankinkotai system, and the total population for Edo during its apex has ranged from 680,000 to 1.5 million.
- 河東節を専業で行う者は今も昔も非常に少ないため、『助六』が上演されるときは、かつては蔵前の旦那衆が、そして今日では「十寸見会」(ますみ かい)という愛好会に所属する素人の語り手たちが、交代でこれを勤めることになっている。
- As few professional performers have specialized in Katobushi through the history of kabuki, it has been performed in alternative basis for the stage of 'Sukeroku' by merchant ship-owners in the past and amateur narrators belonging to the narrator group called 'Masumikai' at present.
- いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟(朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身)への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
- Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.
- また、特定個人のために作られた書籍として、菅原是善が皇太子時代の文徳天皇に授けた『東宮切韻』(散逸)、源順が勤子内親王に授けた『和名類聚抄』、源為憲が尊子内親王に授けた『三宝絵詞』、同人が藤原誠信に授けた『口遊』などがある。
- There were also books created for particular people such as 'Togusetsuin' (Dissipation) offered to the Emperor Montoku during his crown prince days by SUGAWARA no Koreyoshi, 'Wamyo Ruijusho' offered to Imperial Princess Isoko by MINAMOTO no Shitago, 'Sambo Ekotoba' offered to Imperial Princess Sonshi by MINAMOTO no Tamenori, and 'Kuchizusami' offered to FUJIWARA no Sanenobu also by MINAMOTO no Tamenori.
- 第四章の規定は、国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員の給与等に関する特例法の適用を受ける職員及び特定独立行政法人の職員(管理又は監督の地位にある者のうち人事院規則で定める官職にあるものを除く。)には、適用しない。
- The provisions of Chapter IV shall not apply to officials to whom the Act on Special Measures Concerning Remuneration, etc. of Officials Who Work for a Corporation Operated by the State Performing National Forestry Projects is applied, and to officials of specified incorporated administrative agencies (excluding the officials holding managerial or supervisory positions provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority).
- 式三番に要する役者は、翁役の大夫(シテ方)、千歳役(上掛りではシテ方、下掛りでは狂言方)、三番叟役(狂言方)、面箱持役(上掛りに限って出る。狂言方。三番叟の段で問答の相手役を勤める)、笛方、小鼓方3名、大鼓方の計8ないし9名。
- Shiki Sanban requires the total of eight or nine actors who play the role of Okina (Shite-kata, which means the protagonist) which is performed by Tayu (the head of each school of Noh), the role of Senzai (Shite-kata in Kamigakari composed of the Kanze and Hosho schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Kyoto and Kyogen-kata, or Kyogen-shi, in Shimogakari comprising the Konparu, Kongo, and Kita schools of Noh sharing the same roots in Nara), the role of Sanbaso (Kyogen-kata), the role of Menbako-mochi (who makes an appearance as Kyogen-kata only in Kamigakari to play opposite in the dialogue of the Sanbaso section), Fue-kata (a flute player), three Kotsuzumi-kata (small hand-drum players), and Otsuzumi-kata (a large hand-drum player).
- 水戸家は頼房が駿河家断絶後の1636年(寛永13年)に徳川賜姓された家であり、他の2家よりも官位・官職の点では下ではあるが、朝廷に対して次期将軍家の奏聞をし、また、江戸常勤であることなどから五代綱吉のころから御三家と呼ばれる。
- Since the Mito family founded by Yorifusa only received the honor of taking the name of Tokugawa after the Suruga family became extinct in 1636, they were lower in rank and grade than the other two families; however, they reported to the Emperor on the next shogun family, and they worked full time in Edo, so that they came to be called Gosanke when Tsunayoshi became the fifth shogun.
- 登記官その他の不動産登記の事務に従事する法務局若しくは地方法務局若しくはこれらの支局又はこれらの出張所に勤務する法務事務官又はその職にあった者は、その事務に関して知り得た登記識別情報の作成又は管理に関する秘密を漏らしてはならない。
- Registrars and other officials of the Ministry of Justice engaged in the affairs for real property registration who work at Legal Affairs Bureaus or District Legal Affairs Bureaus or branch bureaus thereof or branch offices of any of those bureaus or persons who have held such post shall not divulge any secret concerning the preparation or management of information for registration identification that they have come to know in connection with such affairs.
- 石井家設立が上のように複雑な経緯をたどったのは、初代・行豊は正二位・権中納言・平松時量(1627年〜1704年)を実父とするが、養子先である石井局の勤務を後水尾天皇及び東福門院がねぎらうという形で行豊に新家の創設を認めたためである。
- There was a rather complex background to the establishment of the Iwai family as follows; though the first Yukitoyo was a son of Tokitsune HIRAMATSU of the Shonii Gon Chunagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional Vice-Councilor of State) (1627 -1704), Emperor Gomizunoo and Tofukumonin allowed Yukitoyo to establish a new family in appreciation of his service in his adoptive family, Iwai no tsubone.
- この桜並木の誕生は、海津村による植樹に先立つこと5年前、当時滋賀県高島地方事務所に道路補修をする修路作業員として勤めていた宗戸清七(当時37歳・百瀬村(現高島市マキノ町)在住)が作業の合間に自費で購入した若木を植えたことに端を発する。
- The birth of this sakura-namiki (row of cherry trees) was begun five years before the planting by Kaizu-mura by Seishichi MUNETO (37 years old at that time; living in Momose-mura [present Makino-cho, Takashima City]) who was working for Takashima regional office of Shiga Prefecture at that time as a worker for repairing roads and planted young trees, which he bought at his cost, during intervals of his work.
- 人事院は、前条に規定する判定に基き、勤務条件に関し一定の措置を必要と認めるときは、その権限に属する事項については、自らこれを実行し、その他の事項については、内閣総理大臣又はその職員の所轄庁の長に対し、その実行を勧告しなければならない。
- When the National Personnel Authority finds it necessary to take certain measures in regard to working conditions based on the evaluation provided for in the preceding Article, it shall implement its own measures on the matters under its jurisdiction, and recommend the Prime Minister or the head of the government agency employing that official to take measures in regard to other matters.
- 明治前期には陸軍卿として谷干城・曾我祐準・鳥尾小弥太・三浦梧楼の所謂「四将軍派」との内紛(陸軍紛議)に勝利して陸軍の分裂を阻止し、以後明治中期から大正期にかけて陸軍大臣を長期にわたって勤め、また、参謀総長、内務大臣 (日本)なども歴任。
- In the early Meiji period, he won the internal conflict (the army controversy) with the so-called 'four-generals party' of Tateki TANI, Sukenori SOGA, Koyata TORIO, and Goro MIURA, as the Lord of Army to prevent the army from splitting, and after that he served as the Minister of Army for a long time from the middle of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, and also held various posts such as the Chief of the General Staff and prewar Home Minister (Japan).
- 知行を受けた家臣を「地頭」とは呼ばれているが、中世の地頭とは違って職務上の必要による例外を除けば、城下町(旗本・御家人の場合は江戸)に在住する義務を負っていた(例外として、仙台藩では各家臣が仙台城下町と知行地との間を参勤交代していた)。
- A vassal who was given chigyo was called 'jito', but unlike the jito of the medieval period, he had an obligation to live in a rural castle town (hatamoto and gokenin were obliged to live in Edo) except when he had some official duties (as an exceptional case, sankin-kotai [a system under which feudal lords in the Edo period were required to spend every other year in residence in Edo] was exercised in Sendai Domain, and vassals had to live alternately in chigyo-chi and Sendai castle town alternately).
- 源頼朝から源実朝までの三代の源氏将軍の時代、鎌倉殿と同族の源氏一門は狭義には河内源氏、広義には清和源氏に広く存在したが、鎌倉殿への忠勤の姿勢を重んじ、同族に対す甘えを許さず、すべての源氏一門が鎌倉殿の親族として処遇されたわけではなかった。
- In the period of three generations of the Genji shogunate family, from MINAMOTO no Yoritomo to MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, the Genji clans that belonged to the same clan of Kamakura-dono existed in the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) in a restricted sense and in Seiwa-Genji in a broad sense, but not all Genji clans were always treated as the family of Kamakura-dono because the loyalty to Kamakura-dono was highly valued and dependence on the family was not permitted.
- 出家し法皇となった後には、奈良時代初期に徳道が観音霊場三十三ヶ所の宝印を石棺に納めたという伝承があった摂津国の中山寺(兵庫県宝塚市)でこの宝印を探し出し、紀伊国熊野から宝印の三十三の観音霊場を巡礼し修行に勤め大きな法力を身につけたという。
- After the Emperor became a cloistered emperor in the pious life, he found this hoin (a seal used in Temples) in Nakayama-dera Temple of Settsu Province (Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture), where it is said that Tokudo left a hoin (a seal used in temples) inside the stone coffin of the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) during the early Nara period, the Emperor worked hard and gained the power of the Buddhist dharma (Law) by visiting the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) from Kumano, Kii Province.
- 時政が子の北条義時と北条時房に重忠討伐を相談すると、2人は重忠の忠勤を訴えて謀反など起こすがはずがないと反対したが、牧の方の兄大岡時親に「牧の方が継母だから仇をしようと思っているのだろう」と迫られ、やむなく義時は重忠討伐に同意したという。
- When Tokimasa HOJO consulted with his sons Yoshitoki and Tokifusa about whether or not Shigetada should be subdued, they declined to do so as they believed that Shigetada was faithful enough not to rebel against them; however, it is said that Yoshitoki ended up agreeing with the idea when Maki no kata's older brother Tokichika Ooka put pressure on him by claiming that he was planning a rebellion since Maki no kata was his mother in law.
- 消防長又は消防署長は、火災予防のため特に必要があるときは、消防対象物及び期日又は期間を指定して、当該管轄区域内の消防団員(消防本部を置かない市町村においては、非常勤の消防団員に限る。)に前条第一項の立入及び検査又は質問をさせることができる。
- A fire chief or fire station chief, when it is particularly necessary for fire prevention, may specify a property under fire defense measures and a date or period and have a fire corps volunteer within the area under his/her jurisdiction (in the case of a municipality which has no fire defense headquarters, limited to a part-time fire corps volunteer) enter the property and conduct an inspection or carry out questioning as set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article on said date or during said period.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- ちょうどその頃、上総国菊間から大浜出張所(碧海郡に16ヶ村幡豆郡に5ヶ村、計21ヶ村は、大浜領と呼ばれ、菊間藩の大浜出張所に支配されていた。)に赴任してきた服部純は、明治政府の方針に従い村法の改正や勤王主義教育、神仏分離などの宗教改革を実施した。
- At precisely the same time, Jun HATTORI who was transferred to an Ohama branch office (16 villages in Aomi County, 5 villages in Hazu County, 21 villages in total were called Ohama territory and were controlled by Ohama branch office in Kikuma Domain) from Kikuma, Kazusa Province, implemented the revision of village law, the imperialism education, and the religious transformation such as separation of Buddhism and Shintoism by following the policy of the Meiji Government.
- 慶応3年3月10日 (旧暦)(1867年4月14日)、新選組を離脱し御陵衛士(高台寺党)を結成した伊東甲子太郎は勤王倒幕運動に勤しみ、薩摩と通謀して近藤勇を暗殺しようとたくらんでいる事が、新選組が間諜として潜り込ませていた斎藤一によって明らかとなった。
- On April 14, 1867 (March 10 according to the old calendar), a plan by Kashitaro ITO (who broke away from the Shinsengumi and organized the Goryo-eji (guards of Imperial mausoleums, also known as Kodaiji-to) and led a movement to revere the emperor and overthrow the shogunate) to assassinate Isami KONDO (head of the Shinsengumi) together with Satsuma was outed by Hajime SAITO, a spy that was sent from the Shinsengumi.
- 要約すると、「日本のように他国よりも資源に富み、勤勉な国民により産業が発達している国、つまり自給自足で豊かな国が、何も求めるものの無い外国人からの奸悪・貪婪・詐欺・戦争などから守るために、門戸を閉ざすのは適切で、そうするべきである」というものであった。
- The following is a summary of KAEMPFER's book: 'Japan enjoys having a developed industry due to having its own resources and a more diligent nation than other countries; in other words, Japan is rich for its self-sufficiency, and it is reasonable and recommendable for Japan to close the diplomatic door to protect itself from snares of wicked deeds, greed, fraud and wars laid by foreigners without resources.'
- 肥後藩では、教育方針をめぐり3派閥に分かれており、藩校での朱子学教育を中心とする学校党、横井小楠らが提唱した教育と政治の結びつきを重視する実学党、林桜園を祖とする国学・神道を基本とした教育を重視する勤皇党(河上彦斎・太田黒伴雄・加屋霽堅ら)が存在した。
- The Higo Domain was divided into three factions according to their education policies, namely, the Gakko-to party (school party) focusing on education based on the doctrines of Zhu Xi in domain schools, the Jitsugaku-to party (practical learning party) emphasizing the relation between education and politics, advocated by Shonan YOKOI and others, and the Kinno-to party (pro-Imperial party with Gensai KAWAKAMI, Tomoo OGURODA, Harukata KAYA and others) emphasizing education based on the study of Japanese literature and culture and Shintoism, founded by Oen HAYASHI.
- 師輔の先妻にして異母姉に当たる勤子内親王や雅子内親王とは違い、歌心はあまりなかったようで和歌などは残っていないが、手先が器用でまめやかな女性であったようで、死後遺品の箱を開けてみると、夫・師輔のために縫っていた足袋が大量に出てきたという話が伝わっている。
- Different from Imperial Princess Isoko (or called Kinshi) and Imperial Princess Masako who were the former wives of Morosuke and her elder sisters with a different mother, no Waka remains because Imperial Princess Yasuko had no talent for composing Waka; however, since she seemed to be good with her hands and was dedicated, it is said that many pairs of Japanese socks sewn for her husband, Morosuke, were found when opening a box among her belongings after her death.
- 人事院は、法律の定めるところに従い、給与その他の勤務条件の改善及び人事行政の改善に関する勧告、職階制、試験及び任免、給与、研修、分限、懲戒、苦情の処理、職務に係る倫理の保持その他職員に関する人事行政の公正の確保及び職員の利益の保護等に関する事務をつかさどる。
- The National Personnel Authority shall, in accordance with applicable law, have authority over affairs concerning recommendations for improvement in personnel administration as well as in remuneration and other conditions of work; position classification; examination, appointment and dismissal; remuneration; training; change in employment status; disciplinary action; processing of complaints; maintenance of ethics relating to the performance of public duties; and other matters concerning the maintenance of fairness in personnel administration, the protection of the welfare of public officials and the like.
- 命令の効力が生じた日から起算して六月間、被害者の住居(当該配偶者と共に生活の本拠としている住居を除く。以下この号において同じ。)その他の場所において被害者の身辺につきまとい、又は被害者の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所の付近をはいかいしてはならないこと。
- To oblige the spouse, for a six-month period from the day the order comes into effect, to refrain from approaching the victim at the victim's domicile (except for the domicile that the victim shares as the main home with the said spouse; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) or any other place where the victim is staying, or from loitering in the vicinity of the domicile, workplace, or any other location normally frequented by the victim;
- だが、あくまでも崇徳を忌避する鳥羽、不仲である崇徳の院政によって自身が掣肘されることを危惧する美福門院、そして自身が乳母夫を勤める雅仁親王の即位による台頭をめざした信西らの合意によって、次代の守仁の即位を前提として、その父王雅仁が中継ぎとして即位することとなった。
- However, because Sutoku was disfavored by Toba and Bifuku mon in was concerned about her position after Sutoku started his cloister government, and Shinzei wanted Imperial Prince Masahito to succeed to the throne since he was the educator and had the intention of entering the political arena, they all agreed that Prince Morihito should succeed to the throne, while Morihito's father, Prince Masahito, was put in the position until Morihito's official enthronement could take place.
- 「『助六』を『助六所縁江戸櫻』という外題で上演するのは成田屋だけ」というのはよく知られた歌舞伎のトリビアだが、これをもうすこし厳密にいうと「『助六』を『助六所縁江戸櫻』という外題で上演するのは、市川團十郎または市川海老蔵が助六を勤める興行においてのみ」ということになる。
- It is a well-known Kabuki trivia that only the Naritaya family performed 'Sukeroku' by the title 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura,' but it can be more strictly said that 'Sukeroku' is performed by the title 'Sukeroku Yukari no Edozakura' only when Ebizo ICHIKAWA or Danjuro ICHIKAWA impersonates Sukeroku.
- 南朝には正副二統の皇統が存在し、陽動作戦のために吉野に設けた擬天皇である、副統の後亀山天皇が、足利義満の謀略に掛かって講和したため、1392年(元中9年)の南北朝合一以後、全国の勤皇の武士たちは宮方(南朝正統)に味方する大義名分を失い、宮方の勢力は衰微の一途をたどった。
- There were 2 lineages in the Southern Court, and since the false Emperor, Emperor Gokameyama, who was put in Yoshino Province as a distraction, made peace with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA by falling into his snare, after the unification of Southern and Northern Courts in 1392, samurai throughout the country who were pro-Imperial lost their reason to support miyagata (Legitimate Succession of the Southern Court), and the power of miyagata only shrunk as time went by.
- 元弘3年(1333年)、先の船上山の戦いにおいて幕府軍に対し勝利を収めた後醍醐天皇は、名和長年ら中国地方周辺の勤皇派諸将を結集、京都への還幸の為の露払いとして頭中将・千種忠顕を総大将とした先発隊を送り込み、先に京を囲み六波羅探題を攻撃していた播磨国の赤松則村と合流させる。
- In 1333, after winning against the bakufu army at Mt. Senjo, Emperor Godaigo assembled pro-Imperialist warlords who were in the Chugoku region such as Nagatoshi NAWA, and before the Emperor's return to Kyoto, he sent an advanced army with Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain) Tadaaki CHIGUSA as the supreme commander to join with Norimura AKAMATSU of the Harima Domain who was surrounding the capital and attacking the Rokuhara Tandai (the office of shogunal deputy in Kyoto placed by the Kamakura bakufu).
- 朝廷内部では長州勢の駆逐を求める強硬派と宥和派が対立し、禁裏御守衛総督を勤める一橋慶喜(徳川慶喜)は退兵を呼びかけるが、京都蛤御門(京都市上京区)付近で長州藩兵が、会津・桑名藩・薩摩各藩の諸隊と衝突、尊皇攘夷を唱える長州勢は壊滅、来島又兵衛、久坂玄瑞、寺島忠三郎らは戦死した。
- Within the Imperial Court, there was a struggle between hard-liners that wanted to destroy Choshu's military force and others who wished to appease them, while Keiki HITOTSUBASHI (later known as Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA), who served as Viceroy and Protector of the Imperial Palace, called on the soldiers to withdraw, but the Choshu soldiers clashed with various groups of samurai warriors from Aizu, Kuwana, and Satsuma clans near Kyoto's Hamaguri Gate (in the Kamigyo ward of modern-day Kyoto); but the forces of Choshu, chanting their Revere the Emperor slogan, were annihilated, and Matabe KIJIMA, Gensui KUSAKA, and Chusaburo TERAJIMA were among those who died in battle.
- また、この屋敷替えに合わせるように、8月21日、大目付の庄田安利(浅野長矩は罪人であるとして庭先で切腹させた人物)・高家肝煎の大友義孝(吉良義央腹心の部下)・書院番士の東条冬重(義央の実弟)など、義央に近いと見られた人物が「勤めがよくない」として罷免されて小普請編入となっている。
- Also, on September 23, around the time of his move, those who seemed to be close friends of Yoshihisa, such as Yasutoshi SHODA, a Ometsuke, (the man who said that Naganori ASANO was a criminal and made him commit hara-kiri in the garden), and Fuyushige TOJO (Yoshihisa's younger blood brother), shoinhanshi (the shogun's bodyguard or the castle guard), were relieved of their posts because 'they were not doing well' and they were made kobushin (samurai without official appointments who received small salaries).
- 以後、1904年、日露戦争献金能で「石橋 (能)」連獅子、1906年、宝生九郎引退能で「安宅」延年之舞、1910年、明治天皇天覧能、1915年、大正天皇即位式能などの舞台を勤める一方で、池内肝煎の能楽会において囃子方育成事業に積極的にかかわり、吉見嘉樹、亀井俊雄らの高弟を育てた。
- While he performed Renjishi (a string of lions) called 'Shakkyo' (Stone Bridge, Noh Play) for contributing money at Japanese-Russo War in 1904, Einen no mai (dance of longevity) called 'Ataka' (the Ataka Barrier, Noh play) at retirement Noh by Kuro HOSHO in 1906, Noh play (performed) with the Emperor Meiji in attendance in 1910 and Noh play for enthronement ceremony of the Emperor Taisho in 1905, he was actively engaged in the Hayashikata (people who play hayashi, or the musical accompaniment) educating activity at the Nohgakukai of Kimoiri IKEUCHI, and nurtured his best pupils, such as Yoshiki YOSHIMI and Toshio KAMEI.
- 「江戸学の祖」と云われた三田村鳶魚が、「足軽は兵卒だが、まず今日の下士か上等兵ぐらいな位置にいる。役目としても、軍曹あたりの勤務をも担当していた」と述べているように、準武士としての位置づけがなされた例もあるが、基本的に足軽は、武家奉公人として中間・小者と同列に見られる例も多かった。
- As Engyo MITAMURA, regarded as 'the father of Edo Studies,' demonstrated in stating 'Ashigaru were soldiers who were approximately equal in status to the noncommissioned officer or private first-class ranks of today; they also conducted the duties of a sergeant,' there were also examples of ashigaru who came to be considered quasi samurai but there are also many cases in which they served as buke hokonin and were regarded in the same light as chugen and komono.
- 田に引く水をめぐる争い(上巻第3)、盗品を市で売る盗人(上巻第34、第35、下巻第27)、長期勤務の防人の負担(中巻第3)、官営の鉱山を国司が人夫を使って掘ること(下巻第13)、浮浪人を捜索して税をとりたてる役人(下巻第14)、秤や桝を使い分けるごまかし(下巻第20、第26)などである。
- Those anecdotes include: a conflict over water for irrigating rice fields (Chapter 3, Volume 1), a thief selling stolen goods at market (Chapter 34 and Chapter 35, Volume 1 and Chapter 27, Volume 3), onus put on sakimori (soldiers deployed for boarder defenses) on long-term service (Chapter 3, Volume 2), Kokushi's (an officer of local government) using laborers to dig the government mine for his benefit (Chapter 13, Volume 3), a bureaucrat running a body search on a homeless to collect tax (Chapter 14, Volume 3) and a cheater using a doctored scale and measuring cup (Chapter 20 and Chapter 26, Volume 3).
- 例によって多門の自称なので疑わしく見えてくるが、庄田は翌年高家大友義孝(吉良義央の同僚で友人)や東条冬重(吉良義央実弟)など吉良派の旗本たちと一緒に呼び出され、「勤めがよくない」として解任されてしまっていることから、どうやら庄田が吉良寄りと思われるような態度をとったことは間違いないようだ。
- It seems also doubtful since it was written by Okado himself, but there seems little doubt that Shoda acted in favor of Kira because he was summoned along with hatamoto of Kira party such as koke Yoshitaka OTOMO (a comrade and friend of Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (a real younger brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and was removed as 'not working properly' the following year.
- 法務局若しくは地方法務局又はその支局の管轄区域内に公証人がいない場合又は公証人がその職務を行うことができない場合には、法務大臣は、当該法務局若しくは地方法務局又はその支局に勤務する法務事務官に第十二条第二項(第十八条第二項の規定により読み替えて適用する場合を含む。)の認証を行わせることができる。
- When a notary is not available or cannot perform his/her duties within the area of the jurisdiction of the responsible Legal Affairs Bureau, Regional Legal Affairs Bureau, or branch office thereof, the Minister of Justice may authorize a Secretary in the Ministry of Justice who works for the said Legal Affairs Bureau, Regional Legal Affairs Bureau, or branch office thereof to make a certification under Article 12, paragraph 2 (including in cases where the provisions of Article 12, paragraph 2 are applied with a replacement of the terms pursuant to the provisions of Article 18, paragraph 2).
- この頃幕府は武力で勅命を出させ、長州藩主父子の出府、五卿の江戸への差し立て、参勤交代の復活の3事を実現させるために、2老中に4大隊と砲を率いて上京させ、強引に諸藩の宮門警備を幕府軍に交替させようとしていたが、それを拒否する勅書と伝奏が所司代に下され、逆に至急将軍を入洛させるようにとの命が下された。
- At that time, the shogunate ordered an Imperial command by force, to go to the capital of the father and son of the domain of Choshu and to send five nobles to Edo, and sent two councilors to Kyoto with four battalions with guns to realize that revival of three things of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo), and they were forced to exchange the security of the Imperial Palace's gates of domain to shogunate army, but Shoshidai (local governor) ordered the bull and Denso (job title referring to one who relays messages of court's people to Emperor) to reject that, instead of that an urgent order sent to the general was urgent.
- また生活様式も大きく変わり服装も女性は着物に日本髪といったものから洋服を着、断髪し帽子をかぶるといったことが一部の勤め人の女性では一般に浸透しつつあったし、それにともない女性の社会進出も進み、「バスガール」と呼ばれたバスの女性車掌やウェイトレス(当時は女給とよばれた)など職業婦人が出現するようになった。
- Significant changes occurred in the lifestyle of people as well; acts such as wearing Western clothing instead of kimonos, cutting hair short and having hats on became common to some working women, and new types of jobs for female workers emerged along with the increasing social participation by women, including a female bus conductor named a 'bus girl' in those days and a waitress (called a 'jokyu' then).
- また旗本伊勢貞丈が書いた「四十六士論評」(伊勢は弟の浅野長広(一説に浅野長純)から聞き取った話としている)によると「内匠頭は性格が甚だ急な人であり、吉良に賄賂を贈るべしと家臣にすすめられたときには、内匠頭は『武士たる者、追従をもって賄賂を贈り、人の陰を持って公用を勤めることはできない』と述べたという。」
- And Sadatake ISE wrote in '46 feudal retainers' Ronpyo (comment)' (Ise said he had the story from Naganori's brother Nagahiro ASANO [or Nagazumi ASANO, depending on the theory]) that Takumi-no-kami tended to go such extremes that he answered to say, 'I can't offer bribes with flattery and do public work having negative side' when his vassal suggested he should give a bribe to Kira,
- 職員は、法律又は命令の定める場合を除いては、その勤務時間及び職務上の注意力のすべてをその職責遂行のために用い、政府がなすべき責を有する職務にのみ従事しなければならない。職員は、法律又は命令の定める場合を除いては、官職を兼ねてはならない。職員は、官職を兼ねる場合においても、それに対して給与を受けてはならない。
- Officials, except in cases provided for by laws or orders, shall give their full hours of work and attention to the performance of their duties in the course of their duties, and engage only in those duties which are the responsibility of the Government to perform. Officials, except in cases provided for by laws or orders, may not hold concurrently two or more government positions. Even when officials hold additional government positions they shall not be paid for them.
- 位階や旭日章・瑞宝章などのその他の勲章は仕官して公務員(当時は官吏)となれば勤続年数などの一定の条件で大抵誰でも受勲することができ、また官吏では無い兵 (日本軍)や民間人でも対象となったが、金鵄勲章は軍人軍属のみでかつ相応の戦功がなくては授与されず、大将や皇族軍人といえども相応の武功がなければ授与されなかった。
- In terms of other orders, including courtly rank and the Orders of the Rising Sun and Orders of the Sacred Treasure, when it came to civil servants (at the time, they were termed 'government officials') in government service, once they fulfilled the prescribed condition--for example, working continuously for a certain number of years--almost everyone would receive such medals, and non-government soldiers (in Japan's army) or civilians could also receive them; the Order of the Golden Kite, however, was limited only to military personnel, and furthermore was only granted to those who had sufficiently distinguished themselves in battle, meaning that simply being a general or an army officer of imperial blood, without distinguished service in battle, would not bring one this medal.
- お松が強請に言う「今こそこうした女房なれ、元はわたしも祇園町、拾壱匁六分の、花を咲かせて宮川町、縄手をふんで道場か、高台寺前下り坂、八坂と落ちて欠け上り、二条新地や御りょう裏、おはもじながら虱の辻、泣かぬ勤めの蛍茶や、あらゆる場所を欠けめぐり・・・」の科白は七五調の小気味よい調子で京の花街を巧みに織り込んでいる。
- The threatening lines of Omatsu, 'I am like this now, but once I was in Gion-machi, earning twelve monme six fun (monme and fun are units of silver currency; fun is one-tenth of monme), being successful in Miyagawa-cho, went through rice fields to Dojo, then to a downhill in front of Kodai-ji Temple, down to Yasaka, up to Nijo-shinchi and behind Goryo Shrine, to the embarrassing lousy streets, and didn't cry working at a night tea house, going around everywhere...' artfully illustrates the red-light districts of Kyoto with the lilting rhythm of seven-and-five syllable meter.
- それから3年後の1308年(徳治3)8月の「平政連諫草」には、「天下の珍事国中の大体は併せて成敗にあり、怠慢なかるべし、随ってまた評定の大事はなを御出仕をまつ」「毎月御評定の内五ケ日、御寄合二ケ日奏事六ケ日ばかりは、闕かさず御勤仕あらんの条、強いて窮屈の儀なからんか」と幕政への精励を要請、というか苦言を呈している。
- In 'Remonstration by TAIRA no Masatsura' written in August, 1308, in three years after the incident, the following requests for working harder for the bakufu's administration or candid advices are included: 'It was an apparently strange incident, and the persons concerned had been punished appropriately, and therefore, you should attend important council meetings;' 'It would not be too hard to request you not to fail in attending the monthly regular council meetings for five days, the meetings called 'Yoriai' for two days and working for Soji (compiling official documents to be sent to the emperor)-related matters for six days.'
- 時代劇等では、大名行列が往来を通り過ぎるときには必ず先導の旗持ちの「下にー、下にー」との声にあわせ百姓、商人などは脇により平伏しているシーンが登場するが、実際にはこの掛け声を使えるのは徳川御三家(なお水戸藩は例外で参勤交代はなかった)だけで、ほかの大名家は「よけろ~、よけろ~」という掛け声を用い、脇に避けるだけでよかった。
- In jidaigeki (historical play), there sometimes is a scene that a standard-bearer calls out 'Shitani, Shitani (Down on your knees, down on your knees) ' when daimyo-gyoretsu goes through a street, letting peasants and merchants prostrate at the side of the street, but actually this call-out could have been used by only Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family) (Mito domain was exceptionally having no Sankinkotai), and other daimyo families instead used 'Yokero, Yokero (Step aside, step aside) ', just letting people step aside.
- 江戸幕府によるキリスト教禁令のため、表だってクリスマスを祝うことができなかったオランダ人が、代わりとして冬至に合わせて「オランダ冬至」として開催し、また日本の正月の祝いをまねて太陽暦による正月元日に、出島勤めの幕府役人や出島乙名、オランダ語通詞たち日本人を招いて西洋料理を振る舞い、オランダ式の祝宴を催したのが始まりである。
- The Dutch who were not allowed to celebrate Christmas, due to the ban on Christianity by the Edo Shogunate, had started the celebration as 'Dutch winter solstice' on the day of winter solstice and they invited Japanese people such as officers of the feudal government in Dejima, leaders of the island and interpreters of the language and treated them with western style food on the new Solar year's day in the similar manner as the Japanese New Year celebration.
- 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
- Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.
- この法律(第二十一条第二項及び第四十二条第一項を除く。)において、「職員」とは、国家公務員法(昭和二十二年法律第百二十号)第二条第二項に規定する一般職に属する国家公務員(委員、顧問若しくは参与の職にある者又は人事院の指定するこれらに準ずる職にある者で常勤を要しないもの(同法第八十一条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の官職を占める者を除く。)を除く。)をいう。
- The term 'officials' as used in this Act (excluding paragraph 2 of Article 21 and paragraph 1 of Article 42) means national public officers belonging to the regular service as provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) (excluding national public officers who assume positions of committee members, advisors or counselors, or the positions designated by the National Personnel Authority as equivalent to those and do not require full-time service (excluding those who occupy part-time government positions as provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 81-5 of the same Act)).
- 特に八月十八日の政変の前後からは、商人を装い「枡屋喜右衛門」を名乗っていた元毘沙門堂家臣・古高俊太郎を仲介者として、寺島忠三郎や久坂玄瑞ら京に残った勤王派の長州藩士達が、粟津義風・前川茂行といった有栖川宮の諸大夫や家臣達と複数回にわたり接触し、両者の間で密会の場を設けたり密使を潜伏させあうなどの交際を行っているほか、熾仁親王は粟津や前川に命じ、長州藩家老の益田兼施宛に慰問の書状を出させたりしている。
- Especially before and after the political change on August 18, the samurai of the Choshu Domain, people loyal to the Emperor who remained in Kyoto such as Chuzaburo TERAJIMA and Genzui KUSAKA, had contacted various Taifu of Arisugawanomiya or aides many times, such as Yoshikaze AWAZU and Shigeyuki MAEKAWA through the former Bishamon do aides, Shutaro FURUTAKA (KOTAKA), who pretended to be a business man and named 'Kiemon MASUYA,' they had contact by organizing to have a place for secret meeting, or they both exchanged secret messengers in hiding to each others, Prince Taruhito ordered Awazu and Maekawa to send a letter of consolation to the Chief retainer of a feudal lord of Choshu Domain, Kanenobu MASUDA.
- 任命権者は、定年に達した職員が前条第一項の規定により退職すべきこととなる場合において、その職員の職務の特殊性又はその職員の職務の遂行上の特別の事情からみてその退職により公務の運営に著しい支障が生ずると認められる十分な理由があるときは、同項の規定にかかわらず、その職員に係る定年退職日の翌日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内で期限を定め、その職員を当該職務に従事させるため引き続いて勤務させることができる。
- If an official who has reached the mandatory retirement age is about to retire pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of the preceding Article, an appointer may keep him/her in his/her present position, notwithstanding the provision of the same paragraph, setting a term within the limit of not more than one year from the day of his/her mandatory retirement day, in order to let him/her continue to perform his/her duties, when there are sufficient reasons for concluding that his/her retirement may cause extreme difficulties in administering public duties in view of the particularities of his/her duties or special circumstances of the performance of his/her duties.
- これに対して、12月22日(1868年1月16日)に朝廷は「徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事」という告諭を出した。
- In response, the Imperial Court issued a statement that '徳川内府宇内之形勢ヲ察シ政権ヲ奉帰候ニ付キ、朝廷ニ於テ万機御裁決候ニ付テハ、博ク天下之公儀ヲトリ偏党ノ私ナキヲ以テ衆心ト休威ヲ同フシ、徳川祖先ノ制度美事良法ハ其侭被差置、御変更無之之候間、列藩此聖意ヲ体シ、心付候儀ハ不憚忌諱極言高論シテ救縄補正ニ力ヲ尽シ、上勤王ノ実効ヲ顕シ下民人ノ心ヲ失ナハス、皇国ヲシテ一地球中ニ冠超セシムル様淬励可致旨御沙汰候事' on January 16, 1868.
- まず元禄14年8月19日 (旧暦)(1701年9月21日)に吉良家の屋敷が江戸城のお膝元呉服橋から当時江戸の外れといわれていた本所(現東京都墨田区両国 (墨田区))の松平信望の上ゲ屋敷に屋敷代えとなり、さらにその直後の8月21日 (旧暦)(8月23日)には、庄田下総守(浅野を庭先で切腹させた大目付)、大友義孝(吉良義央と親しくしていた高家仲間)、東条冬重(吉良義央の実弟)の三名を同時に呼び出して「勤めがよくない」などと咎めて役職を取り上げた。
- Kira was forced to change his residence located in Gofuku-bashi near Edo-jo Castle to the residence of Nobumochi MATSUDAIRA located in Honjo, the edge of Edo (current location of Ryogoku, Sumida Ward, Tokyo) on September 21, 1701, and on August 23, the bakufu then called the governor of Shimousa, Shoda (ometsuke who was in charge of Asano's seppuku in the yard), Yoshitaka OTOMO (a Koke member who was close with Yoshinaka KIRA) and Fuyushige TOJO (who was a biological brother of Yoshinaka KIRA) and took their positions away by saying 'your services were not good enough.'
- 最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。
- Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).
- 第一項の規定による居住の用に供する建物の賃貸借(床面積(建物の一部分を賃貸借の目的とする場合にあっては、当該一部分の床面積)が二百平方メートル未満の建物に係るものに限る。)において、転勤、療養、親族の介護その他のやむを得ない事情により、建物の賃借人が建物を自己の生活の本拠として使用することが困難となったときは、建物の賃借人は、建物の賃貸借の解約の申入れをすることができる。この場合においては、建物の賃貸借は、解約の申入れの日から一月を経過することによって終了する。
- In cases of a lease pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) for a building used for a residence (limited to those pertaining to buildings having floor area (in the case where a part of the building is the object of the lease, the floor area of said part) of less than 200 square meters), when it becomes difficult for the building lessee to use the building as his/her principal residence due to an unavoidable circumstance such as a work-related transfer, the receiving of medical care, or the necessity of providing care to a relative, the building lessee may request to terminate the building lease. In this case, the building lease shall be terminated when one month has passed since the day of the request to terminate.
- 以蔵が晩年、武市らから冷遇されていた理由について諸書の記述によれば、他の同志より身分が低く教養が無いことによる差別的感情、彼が手がけた数々の暗殺が露見することにより他の同志に累が及ぶ危機感、彼が自刃してしまえばその露見が防げるにも拘らず彼自身がそれを行わなかったことに対する焦燥感や怒り、さらに“尊王攘夷・倒幕”を旨とする土佐勤王党に属しながら“開国派・幕臣”の勝海舟らの護衛を行うなどした(後述)ことにより“剣術こそ強いが確固たる思想・信念を持たぬ者”として軽蔑されたこと、などが原因ではないかと考えられている。
- According to some books, the reason why TAKECHI treated Izo coldly in his later years was, for example, from the discriminative feeling for Izo who had low social standing and no education compared with the other comrades, a sense of danger that exposure of many of the assassinations that Izo took part in may have unfavorable effects to his fellow comrades, and resentment and anxiety toward Izo for not taking his own life although those exposures could be prevented if he had committed suicide; furthermore, even if he had been a member of the Tosa kinnoto that aimed for 'Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and overthrowing the Shogunate', he became a bodyguard to Kaishu KATSU (to be explained later) who was 'a member of the open country wing and a vassal of the shogun'; Izo was disdained, for 'although skillful in swordplay, he was a man with no resolute ideas and beliefs.'
- 刑事施設の長は、刑法第二十八条(国際受刑者移送法第二十一条において読み替えて適用する場合を含む。)、少年法第五十八条又は国際受刑者移送法第二十二条の規定により仮釈放を許すことができる期間を経過した懲役受刑者又は禁錮受刑者が、第八十八条第二項の規定により開放的施設において処遇を受けていることその他の法務省令で定める事由に該当する場合において、その円滑な社会復帰を図るため必要があるときは、刑事施設の職員の同行なしに、その受刑者を刑事施設の外の事業所(以下この条において「外部事業所」という。)に通勤させて作業を行わせることができる。
- In cases where either a person sentenced to imprisonment with work or a person sentenced to imprisonment without work has served the period of time for parole qualification pursuant to the provisions of Article 28 of the Penal Code (including the cases where it is applied by replacing the terms pursuant to Article 21 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons), Article 58 of the Juvenile Code, or Article 22 of the Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons and falls under cases specified by a Ministry of Justice Ordinance, such as being placed in an open-type institution pursuant to the provision under paragraph (2) of Article 88, the warden of the penal institution may, if necessary for smooth re-entry to society, permit him/her to commute to a business establishment outside the penal institution (hereinafter referred to as 'outside business establishment' in this Article) without an escort of staff members of the penal institution.
- 消防長又は消防署長は、火災予防のために必要があるときは、関係者に対して資料の提出を命じ、若しくは報告を求め、又は当該消防職員(消防本部を置かない市町村においては、当該市町村の消防事務に従事する職員又は常勤の消防団員。第五条の三第二項を除き、以下同じ。)にあらゆる仕事場、工場若しくは公衆の出入する場所その他の関係のある場所に立ち入つて、消防対象物の位置、構造、設備及び管理の状況を検査させ、若しくは関係のある者に質問させることができる。ただし、個人の住居は、関係者の承諾を得た場合又は火災発生のおそれが著しく大であるため、特に緊急の必要がある場合でなければ、立ち入らせてはならない。
- A fire chief or fire station chief, when it is necessary for fire prevention, may order a person concerned to submit information materials or request a person concerned to make reports, or have his/her fire defense personnel (in the case of a municipality which has no fire defense headquarters, an official engaged in the fire service affairs of the municipality or a full-time fire corps volunteer of the municipality; the same shall apply hereinafter, except in Article 5-3, paragraph (2)) enter any place of work, factory or place with public access or any other place concerned, and inspect the position, structure equipment or the status of the management of the property under fire defense measures or ask questions of any related person; provided, however, that the fire chief or fire station chief shall have no person enter an individual's residence unless the person concerned gives consent or there is a particularly urgent necessity for such entry due to an extremely high fire risk.
- 学校、病院、工場、事業場、興行場、百貨店(これに準ずるものとして政令で定める大規模な小売店舗を含む。以下同じ。)、複合用途防火対象物(防火対象物で政令で定める二以上の用途に供されるものをいう。以下同じ。)その他多数の者が出入し、勤務し、又は居住する防火対象物で政令で定めるものの管理について権原を有する者は、政令で定める資格を有する者のうちから防火管理者を定め、当該防火対象物について消防計画の作成、当該消防計画に基づく消火、通報及び避難の訓練の実施、消防の用に供する設備、消防用水又は消火活動上必要な施設の点検及び整備、火気の使用又は取扱いに関する監督、避難又は防火上必要な構造及び設備の維持管理並びに収容人員の管理その他防火管理上必要な業務を行なわせなければならない。
- A person who holds the title to manage a school, hospital, factory, workplace, entertainment facility, department store (including a large-scale retail store specified by Cabinet Order as being equivalent thereto; the same shall apply hereinafter), a multi-purpose property under fire prevention measures (meaning a property under fire prevention measures used for two or more intended purposes specified by Cabinet Order; the same shall apply hereinafter), or any other property under fire prevention measures to which a number of people have access or in which a number of people work or reside and which is specified by Cabinet Order, shall appoint a fire prevention manager from among qualified persons specified by Cabinet Order, and have him/her prepare a fire defense plan, conduct drills for fire extinguishing activities, reporting and evacuation, inspect and improve the equipment used for fire defense, water supply for fire defense or facilities necessary for fire extinguishing activities, supervise the use or handling of fire, maintain and manage the structure and equipment necessary for evacuation or fire prevention, manage the capacity of the property at the appropriate level, and perform any other operations necessary for fire prevention management according to the fire defense plan with regard to said property under fire prevention measures.
- 職員は、職員団体を結成し、若しくは結成せず、又はこれに加入し、若しくは加入しないことができる。ただし、重要な行政上の決定を行う職員、重要な行政上の決定に参画する管理的地位にある職員、職員の任免に関して直接の権限を持つ監督的地位にある職員、職員の任免、分限、懲戒若しくは服務、職員の給与その他の勤務条件又は職員団体との関係についての当局の計画及び方針に関する機密の事項に接し、そのためにその職務上の義務と責任とが職員団体の構成員としての誠意と責任とに直接に抵触すると認められる監督的地位にある職員その他職員団体との関係において当局の立場に立つて遂行すべき職務を担当する職員(以下「管理職員等」という。)と管理職員等以外の職員とは、同一の職員団体を組織することができず、管理職員等と管理職員等以外の職員とが組織する団体は、この法律にいう「職員団体」ではない。
- Officials may organize or refrain from organizing, or may join or refrain from joining an employee organization. However, officials making important administrative decisions, holding managerial positions who participate in making the aforementioned decisions, holding supervisory positions with direct authority on the appointment and dismissal of officials, or those holding supervisory positions with access to confidential matters related to plans and policies of the proper authorities on appointment and dismissal, change in employment status, disciplinary action or service discipline, remuneration and other working conditions of officials, or on their relations with employee organizations, whose obligations and responsibilities in the course of their duties are thus found to directly conflict with the sincerity and responsibilities as members of employee organizations, and other officials taking charge of duties which, in their relations with employee organizations, should be performed from the standpoint of the proper authorities (hereinafter referred to collectively as 'managerial personnel, etc.') shall not form the same employee organization as officials other than managerial personnel, etc., and, further, an organization formed jointly by managerial personnel, etc. and by the officials other than managerial personnel, etc., is not the employee organization referred to in this Act.
- この法律の施行の際現に従前の総理府、法務省、外務省、大蔵省、文部省、厚生省、農林水産省、通商産業省、運輸省、郵政省、労働省、建設省又は自治省(以下この条において「従前の府省」という。)の職員(国家行政組織法(昭和二十三年法律第百二十号)第八条の審議会等の会長又は委員長及び委員、中央防災会議の委員、日本工業標準調査会の会長及び委員並びにこれらに類する者として政令で定めるものを除く。)である者は、別に辞令を発せられない限り、同一の勤務条件をもって、この法律の施行後の内閣府、総務省、法務省、外務省、財務省、文部科学省、厚生労働省、農林水産省、経済産業省、国土交通省若しくは環境省(以下この条において「新府省」という。)又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関のうち、この法律の施行の際現に当該職員が属する従前の府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関の相当の新府省又はこれに置かれる部局若しくは機関として政令で定めるものの相当の職員となるものとする。
- A person who, at the time of the enforcement of this Act, has been an official (excluding a chairperson and a member of councils, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act [Act No. 120 of 1948], a member of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, a chairperson and a member of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified as similar persons by a Cabinet Order) of the prior and existing Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as a 'Prior and Existing Ministry or Agency' in this Article) shall, unless an appointment is announced separately, become a relevant official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as a 'New Ministry or Agency' in this Article), or a department or organization established thereunder, which is specified by a Cabinet Order as the New Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office or Ministry or the department or organization established thereunder to which said official belongs at the time of the enforcement of this Act, with the same working conditions.
- Any employee (excluding presidents, chairpersons and members of councils, etc. in Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), committee members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and committee members of Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and persons prescribed by a Cabinet Order as being similar to these persons) of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as 'Former Office or Ministry' in this Article) at the time of the effective date of this Act shall become the corresponding employee of the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism or Ministry of Environment (hereinafter referred to as 'Current Office or Ministry' in this Article), or a bureau or institution established under the Current Office or Ministry prescribed by a Cabinet Order as corresponding to the Former Office or Ministry, or a bureau or institution established after the enforcement of this Act under the Former Office or Ministry to which said employee belongs at the time of the effective date of this Act, with the same working conditions, provided that a separate letter of appointment has not been issued.
- Any person who is actually the official of the former Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Construction or Ministry of Home Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the 'Former Office/Ministry' in this Article) at the time of enforcement of this Act (excluding the president or chairperson and members of a council, etc. set forth in Article 8 of the National Administrative Organization Act (Act No. 120 of 1948), members of the Central Disaster Prevention Council, chairperson and members of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, and those specified by Cabinet Order as similar thereto) shall be the corresponding official of the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, or the Ministry of the Environment after the enforcement of this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Office/Ministry' in this article) or a department or organization thereunder, which is specified by Cabinet Order as the New Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder that corresponds to the Former Office/Ministry or a department or organization thereunder to which the official actually belongs at the time of enforcement of this Act, unless a letter of appointment is otherwise issued.
- 第一項本文に規定する場合において、配偶者が被害者の親族その他被害者と社会生活において密接な関係を有する者(被害者と同居している子及び配偶者と同居している者を除く。以下この項及び次項並びに第十二条第一項第四号において「親族等」という。)の住居に押し掛けて著しく粗野又は乱暴な言動を行っていることその他の事情があることから被害者がその親族等に関して配偶者と面会することを余儀なくされることを防止するため必要があると認めるときは、第一項第一号の規定による命令を発する裁判所又は発した裁判所は、被害者の申立てにより、その生命又は身体に危害が加えられることを防止するため、当該配偶者に対し、命令の効力が生じた日以後、同号の規定による命令の効力が生じた日から起算して六月を経過する日までの間、当該親族等の住居(当該配偶者と共に生活の本拠としている住居を除く。以下この項において同じ。)その他の場所において当該親族等の身辺につきまとい、又は当該親族等の住居、勤務先その他その通常所在する場所の付近をはいかいしてはならないことを命ずるものとする。
- In cases prescribed in the main clause of paragraph 1, when there are certain circumstances such that the spouse visits the domicile of the victim's relative or other person with whom the victim has close relationships in his/her social life (except for children who live with the victim and persons who live with the spouse; hereinafter referred to as a 'relative, etc.' in this paragraph, the following paragraph, and Article 12, paragraph 1, item 4) and uses or carries out extremely rude or violent words or deeds and therefore it is found necessary to prevent the victim from being obliged to meet the spouse with regard to the relative, etc. in question, the court that issues or has issued an order under paragraph 1, item 1 shall, upon a petition from the victim, find against the spouse and order the spouse to refrain from approaching the relative, etc. at his/her domicile (except for a domicile that the relative, etc. shares as the main home with the said spouse; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) or any other place where the relative, etc. is staying, or from loitering in the vicinity of the domicile, workplace, or any other location normally frequented by the relative, etc. during a period from the day the order comes into effect to the day after six months from the day the order came into effect, in order to prevent harm to the life or body of the relative, etc.